text: The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's "The Quadroons" (1842), a short story. This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier. The Northern mill owner would not sell his own children into slavery.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: The

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: tragic

text: octoroon

text: was

text: a

text: stock

text: character

text: of

text: abolitionist

text: literature

text: a

text: mixed

text: race

text: woman

text: raised

text: as

text: if

text: a

text: white

text: woman

text: in

text: her

text: white

text: father

text: 's

text: household

text: until

text: his

text: bankruptcy

text: or

text: death

text: has

text: her

text: reduced

text: to

text: a

text: menial

text: position

text: She

text: may

text: even

text: be

text: unaware

text: of

text: her

text: status

text: before

text: being

text: reduced

text: to

text: victimization

text: The

text: first

text: character

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: was

text: the

text: heroine

text: of

text: Lydia

text: Maria

text: Child

text: 's

text: The

text: Quadroons

text: a

text: short

text: story

text: This

text: character

text: allowed

text: abolitionists

text: to

text: draw

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: sexual

text: exploitation

text: in

text: slavery

text: and

text: unlike

text: portrayals

text: of

text: the

text: suffering

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: hands

text: did

text: not

text: allow

text: slaveholders

text: to

text: retort

text: that

text: the

text: sufferings

text: of

text: Northern

text: mill

text: hands

text: were

text: no

text: easier

text: The

text: Northern

text: mill

text: owner

text: would

text: not

text: sell

text: his

text: own

text: children

text: into

text: slavery

question: What stock character lived with her white father until he left the picture?

answer: "tragic octoroon"

text: "tragic octoroon"

question: Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon?

answer: Lydia Maria Child

text: Lydia Maria Child

question: What story was written by Child in 1842?

answer: "The Quadroons"

text: "The Quadroons"

question: What does the tragic octoroon point out?

answer: sexual exploitation in slavery

text: sexual exploitation in slavery

question: Who used the figure of the tragic octoroon?

answer: abolitionists

text: abolitionists


text: The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian "Cap" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: Cubs

text: began

text: play

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: White

text: Stockings

text: joining

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: as

text: a

text: charter

text: member

text: Owner

text: William

text: Hulbert

text: signed

text: multiple

text: star

text: players

text: such

text: as

text: pitcher

text: Albert

text: Spalding

text: and

text: infielders

text: Ross

text: Barnes

text: Deacon

text: White

text: and

text: Adrian

text: Cap

text: Anson

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: team

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: N.L.

text: 's

text: first

text: season

text: The

text: White

text: Stockings

text: played

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: West

text: Side

text: Grounds

text: against

text: the

text: bloods

text: and

text: quickly

text: established

text: themselves

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: league

text: 's

text: top

text: teams

text: Spalding

text: won

text: forty

text: seven

text: games

text: and

text: Barnes

text: led

text: the

text: league

text: in

text: hitting

text: at

text: as

text: Chicago

text: won

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: National

text: League

text: pennant

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: top

text: prize

question: Who did the Cubs began play as?

answer: the Chicago White Stockings

text: the Chicago White Stockings

question: When the Cubs started playing, who was their owner?

answer: William Hulbert

text: William Hulbert

question: Where did the White Stockings play their home games?

answer: West Side Grounds

text: West Side Grounds


text: The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT) is by far the largest Protestant denomination in Taiwan, with some 238,372 members as of 2009 (including a majority of the island's aborigines). English Presbyterian missionary James Laidlaw Maxwell established the first Presbyterian church in Tainan in 1865. His colleague George Leslie Mackay, of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, was active in Danshui and north Taiwan from 1872 to 1901; he founded the island's first university and hospital, and created a written script for Taiwanese Minnan. The English and Canadian missions joined together as the PCT in 1912. One of the few churches permitted to operate in Taiwan through the era of Japanese rule (1895–1945), the PCT experienced rapid growth during the era of Guomindang-imposed martial law (1949–1987), in part due to its support for democracy, human rights, and Taiwan independence. Former ROC president Lee Teng-hui (in office 1988–2000) is a Presbyterian.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: The

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: PCT

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: Protestant

text: denomination

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: with

text: some

text: members

text: as

text: of

text: including

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: aborigines

text: English

text: Presbyterian

text: missionary

text: James

text: Laidlaw

text: Maxwell

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: Presbyterian

text: church

text: in

text: Tainan

text: in

text: His

text: colleague

text: George

text: Leslie

text: Mackay

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Presbyterian

text: Mission

text: was

text: active

text: in

text: Danshui

text: and

text: north

text: Taiwan

text: from

text: to

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: first

text: university

text: and

text: hospital

text: and

text: created

text: a

text: written

text: script

text: for

text: Taiwanese

text: Minnan

text: The

text: English

text: and

text: Canadian

text: missions

text: joined

text: together

text: as

text: the

text: PCT

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: churches

text: permitted

text: to

text: operate

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: through

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Japanese

text: rule

text: the

text: PCT

text: experienced

text: rapid

text: growth

text: during

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Guomindang

text: imposed

text: martial

text: law

text: in

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: democracy

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: independence

text: Former

text: ROC

text: president

text: Lee

text: Teng

text: hui

text: in

text: office

text: is

text: a

text: Presbyterian

question: What is the name of the largest Presbyterian church in Taiwan?

answer: The Presbyterian Church

text: The Presbyterian Church

question: How many members make up The Presbyterian Church denomination?

answer: 238,372

question: Who was the first person to bring Presbyterianism into Taiwan?

answer: James Laidlaw Maxwell

text: James Laidlaw Maxwell

question: In what era did The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan experience a large growth in members?

answer: era of Guomindang

text: era of Guomindang


text: The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007). For the first decade of the competition, the Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue. In the period between this first decade and the reopening of Wembley, semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England; usually the home grounds of teams not involved in that semi-final, chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel. The top three most used venues in this period were Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times), Hillsborough in Sheffield (34 times) and Old Trafford in Manchester (23 times). The original Wembley Stadium was also used seven times for semi-final, between 1991 and 2000 (the last held there), but not always for fixtures featuring London teams. In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: semi

text: finals

text: have

text: been

text: played

text: exclusively

text: at

text: the

text: rebuilt

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: since

text: one

text: year

text: after

text: it

text: opened

text: and

text: after

text: it

text: had

text: already

text: hosted

text: a

text: final

text: in

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: the

text: Kennington

text: Oval

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: semi

text: final

text: venue

text: In

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: this

text: first

text: decade

text: and

text: the

text: reopening

text: of

text: Wembley

text: semi

text: finals

text: were

text: played

text: at

text: high

text: capacity

text: neutral

text: venues

text: around

text: England

text: usually

text: the

text: home

text: grounds

text: of

text: teams

text: not

text: involved

text: in

text: that

text: semi

text: final

text: chosen

text: to

text: be

text: roughly

text: equidistant

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: teams

text: for

text: fairness

text: of

text: travel

text: The

text: top

text: three

text: most

text: used

text: venues

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: were

text: Villa

text: Park

text: in

text: Birmingham

text: times

text: Hillsborough

text: in

text: Sheffield

text: times

text: and

text: Old

text: Trafford

text: in

text: Manchester

text: times

text: The

text: original

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: seven

text: times

text: for

text: semi

text: final

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: held

text: there

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: for

text: fixtures

text: featuring

text: London

text: teams

text: In

text: both

text: were

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Millennium

text: Stadium

question: Where are the semi finals played?

answer: e semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium

text: e semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium

question: Is there a name for the specific venue?

answer: Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue

text: Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue

question: Where did the semi finals take place before then?

answer: semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England

text: semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England

question: What was the top most used venue?

answer: Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times)

text: Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times)

question: Where was the cup held in 2005?

answer: In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.

text: In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.


text: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: While

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: structural

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: considerations

text: should

text: be

text: entirely

text: subject

text: to

text: functionality

text: was

text: met

text: with

text: both

text: popularity

text: and

text: skepticism

text: it

text: had

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: introducing

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: function

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: Vitruvius

text: utility

text: Function

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: encompassing

text: all

text: criteria

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: perception

text: and

text: enjoyment

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: not

text: only

text: practical

text: but

text: also

text: aesthetic

text: psychological

text: and

text: cultural

question: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?

answer: Function

text: Function

question: In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?

answer: aesthetic, psychological and cultural

text: aesthetic, psychological and cultural

question: Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?

answer: Vitruvius

text: Vitruvius

question: What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?

answer: all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building

text: all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building

question: What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?

answer: both popularity and skepticism

text: both popularity and skepticism


text: Oklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 to 400 feet (120 m) and two species of oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) and post oak (Q. stellata). The northeastern part of the city and its eastern suburbs fall into an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: Sandstone

text: Hills

text: region

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: known

text: for

text: hills

text: of

text: to

text: feet

text: m

text: and

text: two

text: species

text: of

text: oak

text: blackjack

text: oak

text: Quercus

text: marilandica

text: and

text: post

text: oak

text: Q.

text: stellata

text: The

text: northeastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: eastern

text: suburbs

text: fall

text: into

text: an

text: ecological

text: region

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cross

text: Timbers

question: Which region is Oklahoma city located in?

answer: Sandstone Hills region

text: Sandstone Hills region


text: A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: A

text: later

text: literary

text: standard

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: arose

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Bishop

text: Æthelwold

text: of

text: Winchester

text: and

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: such

text: writers

text: as

text: the

text: prolific

text: Ælfric

text: of

text: Eynsham

text: the

text: Grammarian

text: This

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Winchester

text: standard

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: as

text: Late

text: West

text: Saxon

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: classical

text: form

text: of

text: Old

text: English

text: It

text: retained

text: its

text: position

text: of

text: prestige

text: until

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: after

text: which

text: English

text: ceased

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: importance

text: as

text: a

text: literary

text: language

question: Who was known by the nickname "the Grammarian"?

answer: Ælfric of Eynsham

text: Ælfric of Eynsham

question: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?

answer: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester

text: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester

question: In what century did the Winchester standard arise?

answer: 10th

question: What is another term for the Winchester standard?

answer: Late West Saxon

text: Late West Saxon

question: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language?

answer: the Norman Conquest

text: the Norman Conquest


text: The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: annual

text: Southampton

text: Boat

text: Show

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: September

text: each

text: year

text: with

text: over

text: exhibitors

text: present

text: It

text: runs

text: for

text: just

text: over

text: a

text: week

text: at

text: Mayflower

text: Park

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: waterfront

text: where

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: since

text: The

text: Boat

text: Show

text: itself

text: is

text: the

text: climax

text: of

text: Sea

text: City

text: which

text: runs

text: from

text: April

text: to

text: September

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: celebrate

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: links

text: with

text: the

text: sea

question: In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held?

answer: September

text: September

question: What waterfront park hosts the Boat Show?

answer: Mayflower Park

text: Mayflower Park

question: When was the Boat Show first held in Mayflower Park?

answer: 1968

question: What Southampton festival culminates in the Boat Show?

answer: Sea City

text: Sea City

question: Attendees of the Boat Show can expect to see at least how many exhibitors?

answer: 600


text: John treated the interdict as "the equivalent of a papal declaration of war". He responded by attempting to punish Innocent personally and to drive a wedge between those English clergy that might support him and those allying themselves firmly with the authorities in Rome. John seized the lands of those clergy unwilling to conduct services, as well as those estates linked to Innocent himself; he arrested the illicit concubines that many clerics kept during the period, only releasing them after the payment of fines; he seized the lands of members of the church who had fled England, and he promised protection for those clergy willing to remain loyal to him. In many cases, individual institutions were able to negotiate terms for managing their own properties and keeping the produce of their estates. By 1209 the situation showed no signs of resolution, and Innocent threatened to excommunicate John if he did not acquiesce to Langton's appointment. When this threat failed, Innocent excommunicated the king in November 1209. Although theoretically a significant blow to John's legitimacy, this did not appear to greatly worry the king. Two of John's close allies, Emperor Otto IV and Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, had already suffered the same punishment themselves, and the significance of excommunication had been somewhat devalued. John simply tightened his existing measures and accrued significant sums from the income of vacant sees and abbeys: one 1213 estimate, for example, suggested the church had lost an estimated 100,000 marks (equivalent to £66,666 at the time) to John. Official figures suggest that around 14% of annual income from the English church was being appropriated by John each year.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: treated

text: the

text: interdict

text: as

text: the

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: papal

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: He

text: responded

text: by

text: attempting

text: to

text: punish

text: Innocent

text: personally

text: and

text: to

text: drive

text: a

text: wedge

text: between

text: those

text: English

text: clergy

text: that

text: might

text: support

text: him

text: and

text: those

text: allying

text: themselves

text: firmly

text: with

text: the

text: authorities

text: in

text: Rome

text: John

text: seized

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: those

text: clergy

text: unwilling

text: to

text: conduct

text: services

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: those

text: estates

text: linked

text: to

text: Innocent

text: himself

text: he

text: arrested

text: the

text: illicit

text: concubines

text: that

text: many

text: clerics

text: kept

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: only

text: releasing

text: them

text: after

text: the

text: payment

text: of

text: fines

text: he

text: seized

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: who

text: had

text: fled

text: England

text: and

text: he

text: promised

text: protection

text: for

text: those

text: clergy

text: willing

text: to

text: remain

text: loyal

text: to

text: him

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: individual

text: institutions

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: negotiate

text: terms

text: for

text: managing

text: their

text: own

text: properties

text: and

text: keeping

text: the

text: produce

text: of

text: their

text: estates

text: By

text: the

text: situation

text: showed

text: no

text: signs

text: of

text: resolution

text: and

text: Innocent

text: threatened

text: to

text: excommunicate

text: John

text: if

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: acquiesce

text: to

text: Langton

text: 's

text: appointment

text: When

text: this

text: threat

text: failed

text: Innocent

text: excommunicated

text: the

text: king

text: in

text: November

text: Although

text: theoretically

text: a

text: significant

text: blow

text: to

text: John

text: 's

text: legitimacy

text: this

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: greatly

text: worry

text: the

text: king

text: Two

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: close

text: allies

text: Emperor

text: Otto

text: IV

text: and

text: Count

text: Raymond

text: VI

text: of

text: Toulouse

text: had

text: already

text: suffered

text: the

text: same

text: punishment

text: themselves

text: and

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: excommunication

text: had

text: been

text: somewhat

text: devalued

text: John

text: simply

text: tightened

text: his

text: existing

text: measures

text: and

text: accrued

text: significant

text: sums

text: from

text: the

text: income

text: of

text: vacant

text: sees

text: and

text: abbeys

text: one

text: estimate

text: for

text: example

text: suggested

text: the

text: church

text: had

text: lost

text: an

text: estimated

text: marks

text: equivalent

text: to

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: to

text: John

text: Official

text: figures

text: suggest

text: that

text: around

text: of

text: annual

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: English

text: church

text: was

text: being

text: appropriated

text: by

text: John

text: each

text: year

question: John treated the interdict as what?

answer: the equivalent of a papal declaration of war

text: the equivalent of a papal declaration of war

question: John seized the lands of who?

answer: those clergy unwilling to conduct services

text: those clergy unwilling to conduct services

question: When did Innocent excommunicate the king?

answer: November 1209

text: November 1209

question: How many marks did the church lose?

answer: 100,000


text: An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song "Tom's Diner", the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard. A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: An

text: in

text: depth

text: study

text: of

text: audio

text: quality

text: sound

text: artist

text: and

text: composer

text: Ryan

text: Maguire

text: 's

text: project

text: The

text: Ghost

text: in

text: the

text: isolates

text: the

text: sounds

text: lost

text: during

text: compression

text: In

text: he

text: released

text: the

text: track

text: moDernisT

text: an

text: anagram

text: of

text: Tom

text: 's

text: Diner

text: composed

text: exclusively

text: from

text: the

text: sounds

text: deleted

text: during

text: compression

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: Tom

text: 's

text: Diner

text: the

text: track

text: originally

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: formulation

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: A

text: detailed

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: techniques

text: used

text: to

text: isolate

text: the

text: sounds

text: deleted

text: during

text: compression

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: conceptual

text: motivation

text: for

text: the

text: project

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: Proceedings

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Computer

text: Music

text: Conference

question: What is the name of the study done by composer Ryan Maguire?

answer: The Ghost in the MP3

text: The Ghost in the MP3

question: What did the study aim to isolate?

answer: sounds lost during MP3 compression

text: sounds lost during MP3 compression

question: What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of?

answer: Tom's Diner

text: Tom's Diner

question: Where was an account of the study published?

answer: International Computer Music Conference

text: International Computer Music Conference

question: Which year was the study published?

answer: 2014


text: Stephen Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect upon the present time-frame. Upon occasion, Hawking has stated that time actually began with the Big Bang, and that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are meaningless. This less-nuanced, but commonly repeated formulation has received criticisms from philosophers such as Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Stephen

text: Hawking

text: in

text: particular

text: has

text: addressed

text: a

text: connection

text: between

text: time

text: and

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: In

text: A

text: Brief

text: History

text: of

text: Time

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: Hawking

text: says

text: that

text: even

text: if

text: time

text: did

text: not

text: begin

text: with

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: another

text: time

text: frame

text: before

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: no

text: information

text: from

text: events

text: then

text: would

text: be

text: accessible

text: to

text: us

text: and

text: nothing

text: that

text: happened

text: then

text: would

text: have

text: any

text: effect

text: upon

text: the

text: present

text: time

text: frame

text: Upon

text: occasion

text: Hawking

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: time

text: actually

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: and

text: that

text: questions

text: about

text: what

text: happened

text: before

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: are

text: meaningless

text: This

text: less

text: nuanced

text: but

text: commonly

text: repeated

text: formulation

text: has

text: received

text: criticisms

text: from

text: philosophers

text: such

text: as

text: Aristotelian

text: philosopher

text: Mortimer

text: J.

text: Adler

question: In which publication does Hawking say that any events that existed before the Big Bang would not be accessible to us?

answer: A Brief History of Time

text: A Brief History of Time

question: Stephen Hawking makes a connection between time and what?

answer: the Big Bang

text: the Big Bang

question: What does Hawking suggest started with the big bang?

answer: time

text: time

question: Hawking also states that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are what?

answer: meaningless

text: meaningless

question: Which philosopher has criticized Hawking's formulation?

answer: Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler

text: Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler


text: As in the Scheiner system, speeds were expressed in 'degrees'. Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. 'Tenths' were later abandoned with DIN 4512:1957-11, and the example above would be written as "18° DIN". The degree symbol was finally dropped with DIN 4512:1961-10. This revision also saw significant changes in the definition of film speeds in order to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard, so that film speeds of black-and-white negative film effectively would become doubled, that is, a film previously marked as "18° DIN" would now be labeled as "21 DIN" without emulsion changes.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: As

text: in

text: the

text: Scheiner

text: system

text: speeds

text: were

text: expressed

text: in

text: degrees

text: Originally

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: was

text: written

text: as

text: a

text: fraction

text: with

text: tenths

text: for

text: example

text: DIN

text: where

text: the

text: resultant

text: value

text: represented

text: the

text: relative

text: base

text: logarithm

text: of

text: the

text: speed

text: Tenths

text: were

text: later

text: abandoned

text: with

text: DIN

text: and

text: the

text: example

text: above

text: would

text: be

text: written

text: as

text: DIN

text: The

text: degree

text: symbol

text: was

text: finally

text: dropped

text: with

text: DIN

text: This

text: revision

text: also

text: saw

text: significant

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: film

text: speeds

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: accommodate

text: then

text: recent

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: ASA

text: standard

text: so

text: that

text: film

text: speeds

text: of

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: negative

text: film

text: effectively

text: would

text: become

text: doubled

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: film

text: previously

text: marked

text: as

text: DIN

text: would

text: now

text: be

text: labeled

text: as

text: DIN

text: without

text: emulsion

text: changes

question: What unit was used in the DIN to express speeds?

answer: degrees

text: degrees

question: How was sensitivity expressed at first in the DIN system?

answer: as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN")

text: as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN")

question: When did the degree symbol fall out of use in the DIN system?

answer: with DIN 4512:1961-10

text: with DIN 4512:1961-10

question: Why did the definition of film speeds change considerably?

answer: to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard

text: to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard

question: What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film?

answer: would become doubled

text: would become doubled


text: This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish. Thus, Catalan can have m'hi recomanaren ("they recommended me to him"), whereas in French one must say ils m'ont recommandé à lui, and Spanish me recomendaron a él. This allows the placement of almost any nominal term as a sentence topic, without having to use so often the passive voice (as in French or English), or identifying the direct object with a preposition (as in Spanish).

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: This

text: flexibility

text: allows

text: Catalan

text: to

text: use

text: extraposition

text: extensively

text: much

text: more

text: than

text: French

text: or

text: Spanish

text: Thus

text: Catalan

text: can

text: have

text: m'hi

text: recomanaren

text: they

text: recommended

text: me

text: to

text: him

text: whereas

text: in

text: French

text: one

text: must

text: say

text: ils

text: m'ont

text: recommandé

text: à

text: lui

text: and

text: Spanish

text: me

text: recomendaron

text: a

text: él

text: This

text: allows

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: almost

text: any

text: nominal

text: term

text: as

text: a

text: sentence

text: topic

text: without

text: having

text: to

text: use

text: so

text: often

text: the

text: passive

text: voice

text: as

text: in

text: French

text: or

text: English

text: or

text: identifying

text: the

text: direct

text: object

text: with

text: a

text: preposition

text: as

text: in

text: Spanish

question: What languages use extrapositioning in sentences less than Catalan?

answer: French or Spanish

text: French or Spanish

question: What do you not need to use in Catalan?

answer: passive voice

text: passive voice

question: What languages use the passive voice more than Catalan?

answer: French or English

text: French or English

question: What method does Spanish use to identify the object?

answer: preposition

text: preposition


text: During the middle decades of the 18th century, there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent, the Carnatic Wars, as the English East India Company (the Company) and its French counterpart, the Compagnie française des Indes orientales, struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum that had been left by the decline of the Mughal Empire. The Battle of Plassey in 1757, in which the British, led by Robert Clive, defeated the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies, left the Company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power in India. France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, ending French hopes of controlling India. In the following decades the Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: During

text: the

text: middle

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: were

text: several

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: military

text: conflict

text: on

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: the

text: Carnatic

text: Wars

text: as

text: the

text: English

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: the

text: Company

text: and

text: its

text: French

text: counterpart

text: the

text: Compagnie

text: française

text: des

text: Indes

text: orientales

text: struggled

text: alongside

text: local

text: rulers

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: vacuum

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: left

text: by

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Plassey

text: in

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Clive

text: defeated

text: the

text: Nawab

text: of

text: Bengal

text: and

text: his

text: French

text: allies

text: left

text: the

text: Company

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: Bengal

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: major

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: power

text: in

text: India

text: France

text: was

text: left

text: control

text: of

text: its

text: enclaves

text: but

text: with

text: military

text: restrictions

text: and

text: an

text: obligation

text: to

text: support

text: British

text: client

text: states

text: ending

text: French

text: hopes

text: of

text: controlling

text: India

text: In

text: the

text: following

text: decades

text: the

text: Company

text: gradually

text: increased

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: territories

text: under

text: its

text: control

text: either

text: ruling

text: directly

text: or

text: via

text: local

text: rulers

text: under

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: force

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: Indian

text: Army

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: Indian

text: sepoys

question: What was the French equivalent of the English East India Company?

answer: Compagnie française des Indes orientales

text: Compagnie française des Indes orientales

question: When was the Battle of Plassey?

answer: 1757

question: Who led the British in the Battle of Plassey?

answer: Robert Clive

text: Robert Clive

question: Where were the Carnatic Wars?

answer: British Indian Army

text: British Indian Army

question: What was the British Indian Army mostly composed of?

answer: Indian sepoys

text: Indian sepoys


text: A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: A

text: beer

text: engine

text: is

text: a

text: device

text: for

text: pumping

text: beer

text: originally

text: manually

text: operated

text: and

text: typically

text: used

text: to

text: dispense

text: beer

text: from

text: a

text: cask

text: or

text: container

text: in

text: a

text: pub

text: 's

text: basement

text: or

text: cellar

question: What is a "beer engine"?

answer: a device for pumping beer

text: a device for pumping beer

question: What is the function of a "beer engine"?

answer: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar

text: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar


text: The Federal Council constitutes the federal government, directs the federal administration and serves as collective Head of State. It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council. The President of the Confederation is elected by the Assembly from among the seven members, traditionally in rotation and for a one-year term; the President chairs the government and assumes representative functions. However, the president is a primus inter pares with no additional powers, and remains the head of a department within the administration.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: Federal

text: Council

text: constitutes

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: directs

text: the

text: federal

text: administration

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: collective

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: collegial

text: body

text: of

text: seven

text: members

text: elected

text: for

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: mandate

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Assembly

text: which

text: also

text: exercises

text: oversight

text: over

text: the

text: Council

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: Assembly

text: from

text: among

text: the

text: seven

text: members

text: traditionally

text: in

text: rotation

text: and

text: for

text: a

text: one

text: year

text: term

text: the

text: President

text: chairs

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: assumes

text: representative

text: functions

text: However

text: the

text: president

text: is

text: a

text: primus

text: inter

text: pares

text: with

text: no

text: additional

text: powers

text: and

text: remains

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: a

text: department

text: within

text: the

text: administration

question: What serves as the collective Head of State?

answer: The Federal Council

text: The Federal Council

question: How many members are in the Federal Council?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Who elects the members of the Federal Council?

answer: Federal Assembly

text: Federal Assembly

question: What is the traditional term for the President of the Confederation?

answer: one-year

text: one-year

question: Who elects the President of the Confederation from its 7 members?

answer: the Assembly

text: the Assembly


text: The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while some samurai even gave up violence altogether and became Buddhist monks after realizing how fruitless their killings were. Some were killed as they came to terms with these realizations in the battlefield. The most defining role that Confucianism played in samurai philosophy was to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship—the loyalty that a samurai was required to show his lord.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: The

text: philosophies

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Zen

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: Confucianism

text: and

text: Shinto

text: influenced

text: the

text: samurai

text: culture

text: Zen

text: meditation

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: teaching

text: due

text: to

text: it

text: offering

text: a

text: process

text: to

text: calm

text: one

text: 's

text: mind

text: The

text: Buddhist

text: concept

text: of

text: reincarnation

text: and

text: rebirth

text: led

text: samurai

text: to

text: abandon

text: torture

text: and

text: needless

text: killing

text: while

text: some

text: samurai

text: even

text: gave

text: up

text: violence

text: altogether

text: and

text: became

text: Buddhist

text: monks

text: after

text: realizing

text: how

text: fruitless

text: their

text: killings

text: were

text: Some

text: were

text: killed

text: as

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: terms

text: with

text: these

text: realizations

text: in

text: the

text: battlefield

text: The

text: most

text: defining

text: role

text: that

text: Confucianism

text: played

text: in

text: samurai

text: philosophy

text: was

text: to

text: stress

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: lord

text: retainer

text: relationship

text: the

text: loyalty

text: that

text: a

text: samurai

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: show

text: his

text: lord

question: What philosophies were the samurai influenced by?

answer: Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto

text: Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto

question: What type of meditation did samurai do?

answer: Zen

text: Zen

question: What caused some samurai to stop fighting?

answer: The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth

text: The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth

question: What was the contribution of Confucianism to samurai?

answer: to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship

text: to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship


text: Public expenditure rose from £10 million in 2001-02 to £12 million in 2005-06 to £28m in 2012-13. The contribution of UK budgetary aid to total SHG government expenditure rose from £4.6 million in to £6.4 million to £12.1 million over the same period. Wages and salaries represent about 38% of recurrent expenditure.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Public

text: expenditure

text: rose

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: m

text: in

text: The

text: contribution

text: of

text: UK

text: budgetary

text: aid

text: to

text: total

text: SHG

text: government

text: expenditure

text: rose

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: over

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: Wages

text: and

text: salaries

text: represent

text: about

text: of

text: recurrent

text: expenditure

question: How much was public expenditure on the island in 2001-2002?

answer: £10 million

text: £10 million

question: By 2005-06 public expenditure had risen to what?

answer: £12 million

text: £12 million

question: In 2012-2013, public expenditure was what?

answer: £28m

question: UK aid had risen to how much in the same period?

answer: £12.1 million

text: £12.1 million

question: Wages and salaries represent how much % of the island's expenditure?

answer: 38%


text: Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line, mtDNA shows any person's lineage only along the strict-maternal line. Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Efforts

text: to

text: identify

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: through

text: DNA

text: analysis

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Currently

text: there

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: genetic

text: origin

text: testing

text: autosomal

text: DNA

text: atDNA

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: mtDNA

text: and

text: Y

text: chromosomal

text: DNA

text: Y

text: DNA

text: Autosomal

text: DNA

text: is

text: a

text: mixture

text: from

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: entire

text: ancestry

text: Y

text: DNA

text: shows

text: a

text: male

text: 's

text: lineage

text: only

text: along

text: his

text: strict

text: paternal

text: line

text: mtDNA

text: shows

text: any

text: person

text: 's

text: lineage

text: only

text: along

text: the

text: strict

text: maternal

text: line

text: Genome

text: wide

text: association

text: studies

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: employed

text: to

text: yield

text: findings

text: relevant

text: to

text: genetic

text: origins

question: How many types of genetic origin testing currently exist?

answer: three types of genetic origin testing

text: three types of genetic origin testing

question: When did efforts begin to try and identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis?

answer: the 1990s

text: the 1990s

question: What does Y-DNA show?

answer: a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line

text: a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line

question: What are the three types of origin testing?

answer: autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)

text: autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)

question: Autosomal DNA is what?

answer: a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry

text: a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry


text: Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Many

text: scripts

text: including

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Devanagari

text: have

text: special

text: orthographic

text: rules

text: that

text: require

text: certain

text: combinations

text: of

text: letterforms

text: to

text: be

text: combined

text: into

text: special

text: ligature

text: forms

text: The

text: rules

text: governing

text: ligature

text: formation

text: can

text: be

text: quite

text: complex

text: requiring

text: special

text: script

text: shaping

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: ACE

text: Arabic

text: Calligraphic

text: Engine

text: by

text: DecoType

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: generate

text: all

text: the

text: Arabic

text: examples

text: in

text: the

text: printed

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: Unicode

text: Standard

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: proof

text: of

text: concept

text: for

text: OpenType

text: by

text: Adobe

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: Graphite

text: by

text: SIL

text: International

text: or

text: AAT

text: by

text: Apple

question: What does ACE stand for?

answer: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

text: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

question: Who created ACE?

answer: DecoType

text: DecoType

question: When was ACE created?

answer: 1980s

question: Who created OpenType?

answer: Adobe and Microsoft

text: Adobe and Microsoft

question: Who created Graphite?

answer: SIL International

text: SIL International


text: Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011. The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton. The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured. Closure of the plant in 2013 was announced in 2012, with the loss of hundreds of jobs.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Other

text: major

text: employers

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: Ordnance

text: Survey

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: national

text: mapping

text: agency

text: whose

text: headquarters

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: building

text: on

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: opened

text: in

text: February

text: The

text: Lloyd

text: 's

text: Register

text: Group

text: has

text: announced

text: plans

text: to

text: move

text: its

text: London

text: marine

text: operations

text: to

text: a

text: specially

text: developed

text: site

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: Swaythling

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Ford

text: 's

text: Southampton

text: Assembly

text: Plant

text: where

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: their

text: Transit

text: models

text: are

text: manufactured

text: Closure

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: in

text: was

text: announced

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: jobs

question: What's the name of the UK's national mapping agency?

answer: Ordnance Survey

text: Ordnance Survey

question: What year did Ordnance Survey's new headquarters open in Southampton?

answer: 2011

question: What company said it is planning to move marine operations to the University of Southampton?

answer: Lloyd's Register Group

text: Lloyd's Register Group

question: What area of Southampton holds a Ford assembly plant?

answer: Swaythling

text: Swaythling

question: Which model does Ford manufacture in their Southampton plant?

answer: Transit

text: Transit


text: The Famicom contained no lockout hardware and, as a result, unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) were extremely common throughout Japan and the Far East. The original NES (but not the top-loading NES-101) contained the 10NES lockout chip, which significantly increased the challenges faced by unlicensed developers. Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports. NES consoles sold in different regions had different lockout chips, so games marketed in one region would not work on consoles from another region. Known regions are: USA/Canada (3193 lockout chip), most of Europe (3195), Asia (3196) and UK, Italy and Australia (3197). Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an "A" or "B" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B). Rest-of-Europe games typically had text on the box stating "This game is not compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System". Similarly, UK/Italy/Australia games stated "This game is only compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System".

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: Famicom

text: contained

text: no

text: lockout

text: hardware

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: unlicensed

text: cartridges

text: both

text: legitimate

text: and

text: bootleg

text: were

text: extremely

text: common

text: throughout

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: The

text: original

text: NES

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: top

text: loading

text: contained

text: the

text: lockout

text: chip

text: which

text: significantly

text: increased

text: the

text: challenges

text: faced

text: by

text: unlicensed

text: developers

text: Tinkerers

text: at

text: home

text: in

text: later

text: years

text: discovered

text: that

text: disassembling

text: the

text: NES

text: and

text: cutting

text: the

text: fourth

text: pin

text: of

text: the

text: lockout

text: chip

text: would

text: change

text: the

text: chip

text: ’s

text: mode

text: of

text: operation

text: from

text: lock

text: to

text: key

text: removing

text: all

text: effects

text: and

text: greatly

text: improving

text: the

text: console

text: ’s

text: ability

text: to

text: play

text: legal

text: games

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: bootlegs

text: and

text: converted

text: imports

text: NES

text: consoles

text: sold

text: in

text: different

text: regions

text: had

text: different

text: lockout

text: chips

text: so

text: games

text: marketed

text: in

text: one

text: region

text: would

text: not

text: work

text: on

text: consoles

text: from

text: another

text: region

text: Known

text: regions

text: are

text: USA

text: Canada

text: lockout

text: chip

text: most

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: and

text: UK

text: Italy

text: and

text: Australia

text: Since

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: lockout

text: chip

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: Europe

text: European

text: NES

text: game

text: boxes

text: often

text: had

text: an

text: A

text: or

text: B

text: letter

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: indicating

text: whether

text: the

text: game

text: is

text: compatible

text: with

text: UK

text: Italian

text: Australian

text: consoles

text: A

text: or

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: B

text: Rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: games

text: typically

text: had

text: text

text: on

text: the

text: box

text: stating

text: This

text: game

text: is

text: not

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: Mattel

text: or

text: NES

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: Similarly

text: UK

text: Italy

text: Australia

text: games

text: stated

text: This

text: game

text: is

text: only

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: Mattel

text: or

text: NES

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

question: What did the Famicom sorely lack?

answer: lockout hardware

text: lockout hardware

question: What was the lockout chip number for the USA and Canada?

answer: 3193

question: What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?

answer: 3195

question: What was the lockout chip number for Asia?

answer: 3196

question: What was the lockout chip number for UK, Italy, and Australia?

answer: 3197


text: Kievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazar Empire. Vladimir the Great (980–1015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, that of all the inhabitants of Kiev and beyond. Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav I (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: begins

text: with

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Prince

text: Oleg

text: who

text: extended

text: his

text: control

text: from

text: Novgorod

text: south

text: along

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: river

text: valley

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: protect

text: trade

text: from

text: Khazar

text: incursions

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: moved

text: his

text: capital

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: strategic

text: Kiev

text: Sviatoslav

text: I

text: died

text: achieved

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: expansion

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: territorial

text: control

text: fighting

text: a

text: war

text: of

text: conquest

text: against

text: the

text: Khazar

text: Empire

text: Vladimir

text: the

text: Great

text: introduced

text: Christianity

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: baptism

text: and

text: by

text: decree

text: that

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Kiev

text: and

text: beyond

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: reached

text: its

text: greatest

text: extent

text: under

text: Yaroslav

text: I

text: his

text: sons

text: assembled

text: and

text: issued

text: its

text: first

text: written

text: legal

text: code

text: the

text: Rus

text: Justice

text: shortly

text: after

text: his

text: death

question: What year was Kievan Rus became a territory?

answer: 882

question: Who achieve the first major expansion of Kievan?

answer: Kiev. Sviatoslav I

text: Kiev. Sviatoslav I

question: Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan?

answer: Prince Oleg

text: Prince Oleg

question: Which ruler introduced Christianity in Kievan Rus?

answer: Vladimir the Great

text: Vladimir the Great

question: What did Yaroslav sons achieve  during his time in Keivan Rus?

answer: issued its first written legal code

text: issued its first written legal code


text: Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. Boston is a printing and publishing center — Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press and Beacon Press. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers—the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront. The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Other

text: important

text: industries

text: are

text: financial

text: services

text: especially

text: mutual

text: funds

text: and

text: insurance

text: Boston

text: based

text: Fidelity

text: Investments

text: helped

text: popularize

text: the

text: mutual

text: fund

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: has

text: made

text: Boston

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: financial

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Santander

text: Bank

text: and

text: Boston

text: is

text: a

text: center

text: for

text: venture

text: capital

text: firms

text: State

text: Street

text: Corporation

text: which

text: specializes

text: in

text: asset

text: management

text: and

text: custody

text: services

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Boston

text: is

text: a

text: printing

text: and

text: publishing

text: center

text: Houghton

text: Mifflin

text: Harcourt

text: is

text: headquartered

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: along

text: with

text: Bedford

text: St

text: Martin

text: 's

text: Press

text: and

text: Beacon

text: Press

text: Pearson

text: PLC

text: publishing

text: units

text: also

text: employ

text: several

text: hundred

text: people

text: in

text: Boston

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: three

text: major

text: convention

text: centers

text: the

text: Hynes

text: Convention

text: Center

text: in

text: the

text: Back

text: Bay

text: and

text: the

text: Seaport

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: and

text: Boston

text: Convention

text: and

text: Exhibition

text: Center

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Boston

text: waterfront

text: The

text: General

text: Electric

text: Corporation

text: announced

text: in

text: January

text: its

text: decision

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: global

text: headquarters

text: to

text: the

text: Seaport

text: District

text: in

text: Boston

text: from

text: Fairfield

text: Connecticut

text: citing

text: factors

text: including

text: Boston

text: 's

text: preeminence

text: in

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: higher

text: education

question: Mutual funds and insurance are what type of industry?

answer: financial services

text: financial services

question: What Boston investment firm helped make mutual funds popular in the 1980's?

answer: Fidelity Investments

text: Fidelity Investments

question: What helped make Boston one of the top financial cities in the US?

answer: Fidelity Investments

text: Fidelity Investments

question: Boston is the center for what type of capital firms?

answer: venture capital

text: venture capital

question: In 2016, GE Corporation decided to move its global headquarters to where?

answer: the Seaport District in Boston

text: the Seaport District in Boston


text: At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime organisations of the armies. Each Prussian Corps was based within a Kreis (literally "circle") around the chief city in an area. Reservists rarely lived more than a day's travel from their regiment's depot. By contrast, French regiments generally served far from their depots, which in turn were not in the areas of France from which their soldiers were drawn. Reservists often faced several days' journey to report to their depots, and then another long journey to join their regiments. Large numbers of reservists choked railway stations, vainly seeking rations and orders.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: At

text: the

text: outset

text: of

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: German

text: soldiers

text: concentrated

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: frontier

text: while

text: only

text: French

text: soldiers

text: could

text: be

text: moved

text: to

text: face

text: them

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: having

text: lost

text: stragglers

text: before

text: a

text: shot

text: was

text: fired

text: through

text: poor

text: planning

text: and

text: administration

text: This

text: was

text: partly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: peacetime

text: organisations

text: of

text: the

text: armies

text: Each

text: Prussian

text: Corps

text: was

text: based

text: within

text: a

text: Kreis

text: literally

text: circle

text: around

text: the

text: chief

text: city

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: Reservists

text: rarely

text: lived

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: day

text: 's

text: travel

text: from

text: their

text: regiment

text: 's

text: depot

text: By

text: contrast

text: French

text: regiments

text: generally

text: served

text: far

text: from

text: their

text: depots

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: which

text: their

text: soldiers

text: were

text: drawn

text: Reservists

text: often

text: faced

text: several

text: days

text: journey

text: to

text: report

text: to

text: their

text: depots

text: and

text: then

text: another

text: long

text: journey

text: to

text: join

text: their

text: regiments

text: Large

text: numbers

text: of

text: reservists

text: choked

text: railway

text: stations

text: vainly

text: seeking

text: rations

text: and

text: orders

question: At the start of the war, how many German troops were focused on the French frontier?

answer: 462,000

question: How many French troops were available to stand again the Germans?

answer: 270,000

question: What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word "Kreis?"

answer: literally "circle"

text: literally "circle"

question: What did the French military numbers suffer from the most?

answer: having lost 100,000 stragglers

text: having lost 100,000 stragglers


text: Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry engagement in Western Europe. The battle soon erupted, and III Corps was shattered by incessant cavalry charges, losing over half its soldiers. The German Official History recorded 15,780 casualties and French casualties of 13,761 men.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: Despite

text: odds

text: of

text: four

text: to

text: one

text: the

text: III

text: Corps

text: launched

text: a

text: risky

text: attack

text: The

text: French

text: were

text: routed

text: and

text: the

text: III

text: Corps

text: captured

text: Vionville

text: blocking

text: any

text: further

text: escape

text: attempts

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Once

text: blocked

text: from

text: retreat

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: the

text: fortress

text: of

text: Metz

text: had

text: no

text: choice

text: but

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: a

text: fight

text: that

text: would

text: see

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: cavalry

text: engagement

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: battle

text: soon

text: erupted

text: and

text: III

text: Corps

text: was

text: shattered

text: by

text: incessant

text: cavalry

text: charges

text: losing

text: over

text: half

text: its

text: soldiers

text: The

text: German

text: Official

text: History

text: recorded

text: casualties

text: and

text: French

text: casualties

text: of

text: men

question: What odds were at stake for the attack launched by the III Corps?

answer: four to one

text: four to one

question: What town were the III Corps able to capture?

answer: Vionville

text: Vionville

question: In capturing Vionville, what was further blocked in the west?

answer: escape attempts

text: escape attempts

question: With battle at Metz, what factor shattered the efforts of III Corps?

answer: incessant cavalry charges

text: incessant cavalry charges

question: The Germans recorded how many causualties in the battle?

answer: 15,780


text: The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: The

text: island

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: ha

text: The

text: eastern

text: side

text: is

text: wetter

text: than

text: the

text: western

text: Although

text: the

text: climate

text: is

text: essentially

text: arid

text: the

text: rainfall

text: does

text: average

text: mm

text: annually

text: but

text: with

text: considerable

text: variation

text: over

text: the

text: terrain

text: Summer

text: is

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: November

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: rainy

text: season

text: Winter

text: from

text: December

text: to

text: April

text: is

text: the

text: dry

text: season

text: Sunshine

text: is

text: very

text: prominent

text: for

text: nearly

text: the

text: entire

text: year

text: and

text: even

text: during

text: the

text: rainy

text: season

text: Humidity

text: however

text: is

text: not

text: very

text: high

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: winds

text: The

text: average

text: temperature

text: is

text: around

text: C

text: with

text: day

text: temperatures

text: rising

text: to

text: C

text: The

text: average

text: high

text: and

text: low

text: temperatures

text: in

text: January

text: are

text: C

text: and

text: C

text: respectively

text: while

text: in

text: July

text: they

text: are

text: C

text: and

text: C

text: The

text: lowest

text: night

text: temperature

text: recorded

text: is

text: C

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: sea

text: waters

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: generally

text: maintain

text: a

text: temperature

text: of

text: about

text: C

question: What type of climate does St. Barts typically have?

answer: arid

text: arid

question: How many hectares does the island have in total?

answer: 2,500

question: How much average rainfall does St. Barts get per year?

answer: 1000 mm

text: 1000 mm

question: When does summer end in St. Barts?

answer: November

text: November

question: What is the lowest nighttime temperature recorded at St. Barts?

answer: 13 °C

text: 13 °C


text: Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. In addition, his realm extended to parts of Elam and along the Persian Gulf. He seems to have used terror as a matter of policy. Eannatum's Stele of the Vultures depicts vultures pecking at the severed heads and other body parts of his enemies. His empire collapsed shortly after his death.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: Although

text: short

text: lived

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: empires

text: known

text: to

text: history

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Eannatum

text: of

text: Lagash

text: who

text: annexed

text: practically

text: all

text: of

text: Sumer

text: including

text: Kish

text: Uruk

text: Ur

text: and

text: Larsa

text: and

text: reduced

text: to

text: tribute

text: the

text: city

text: state

text: of

text: Umma

text: arch

text: rival

text: of

text: Lagash

text: In

text: addition

text: his

text: realm

text: extended

text: to

text: parts

text: of

text: Elam

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: He

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: used

text: terror

text: as

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: policy

text: Eannatum

text: 's

text: Stele

text: of

text: the

text: Vultures

text: depicts

text: vultures

text: pecking

text: at

text: the

text: severed

text: heads

text: and

text: other

text: body

text: parts

text: of

text: his

text: enemies

text: His

text: empire

text: collapsed

text: shortly

text: after

text: his

text: death

question: What city-state was the rival of Lagash?

answer: Umma

text: Umma

question: What did Eannatum annex?

answer: practically all of Sumer

text: practically all of Sumer

question: What is one of the first empires known in history?

answer: Eannatum of Lagash,

text: Eannatum of Lagash,

question: What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line?

answer: terror

text: terror

question: What happened to Eannatum's empire after his death?

answer: collapsed

text: collapsed


text: In 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 was a military humiliation. The Treaty of Shimonoseki recognized Korean independence and ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan. The terms might have been harsher, but when Japanese citizen attacked and wounded Li Hongzhang, an international outcry shamed the Japanese into revising them. The original agreement stipulated the cession of Liaodong Peninsula to Japan, but Russia, with its own designs on the territory, along with Germany and France, in what was known as the Triple Intervention, successfully put pressure on the Japanese to abandon the peninsula.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: In

text: pro

text: Japanese

text: Koreans

text: in

text: Seoul

text: led

text: the

text: Gapsin

text: Coup

text: Tensions

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Japan

text: rose

text: after

text: China

text: intervened

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: uprising

text: Japanese

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Itō

text: Hirobumi

text: and

text: Li

text: Hongzhang

text: signed

text: the

text: Convention

text: of

text: Tientsin

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: withdraw

text: troops

text: simultaneously

text: but

text: the

text: First

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: of

text: was

text: a

text: military

text: humiliation

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Shimonoseki

text: recognized

text: Korean

text: independence

text: and

text: ceded

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: the

text: Pescadores

text: to

text: Japan

text: The

text: terms

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: harsher

text: but

text: when

text: Japanese

text: citizen

text: attacked

text: and

text: wounded

text: Li

text: Hongzhang

text: an

text: international

text: outcry

text: shamed

text: the

text: Japanese

text: into

text: revising

text: them

text: The

text: original

text: agreement

text: stipulated

text: the

text: cession

text: of

text: Liaodong

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: Japan

text: but

text: Russia

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: designs

text: on

text: the

text: territory

text: along

text: with

text: Germany

text: and

text: France

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Triple

text: Intervention

text: successfully

text: put

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: peninsula

question: What coup happened in 1884?

answer: Gapsin Coup

text: Gapsin Coup

question: Who was involved in the Gapsin Coup?

answer: pro-Japanese Koreans

text: pro-Japanese Koreans

question: What resulted between the Chinese and Japanese after the Coup?

answer: Tensions

text: Tensions

question: Who signed the Convention of Tientsin?

answer: Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang

text: Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang

question: When did the First Sino-Japanese War happen?

answer: 1895


text: In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: In

text: response

text: the

text: EU

text: decided

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: gap

text: left

text: behind

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: under

text: the

text: Sandbaek

text: report

text: According

text: to

text: its

text: Annual

text: Report

text: for

text: the

text: UNFPA

text: received

text: its

text: funding

text: mainly

text: from

text: European

text: Governments

text: Of

text: the

text: total

text: income

text: of

text: M

text: was

text: donated

text: by

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: M

text: by

text: Sweden

text: M

text: by

text: Norway

text: M

text: by

text: Denmark

text: M

text: by

text: the

text: UK

text: M

text: by

text: Spain

text: M

text: by

text: Luxembourg

text: The

text: European

text: Commission

text: donated

text: further

text: M.

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: non

text: European

text: donor

text: State

text: was

text: Japan

text: M

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: donors

text: exceeded

text: in

text: one

text: year

question: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

question: Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?

answer: Luxembourg

text: Luxembourg

question: Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA?

answer: 180


text: With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was stretched to fill the entire video frame with less or none of the video resolution wasted to create letterbox bars. The advantage was a 33% greater vertical resolution compared to letterboxed widescreen LaserDisc. This same procedure was used for anamorphic DVDs, but unlike all DVD players, very few LD players had the ability to unsqueeze the image for 4:3 sets, and very few if any 4:3 sets could be set to play them properly either. If the discs were played on a standard 4:3 television the image would be distorted. Since very few people owned 16:9 displays, the marketability of these special discs was very limited.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: With

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: televisions

text: in

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: and

text: Toshiba

text: decided

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: time

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: this

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: Squeeze

text: LDs

text: were

text: enhanced

text: widescreen

text: LaserDiscs

text: During

text: the

text: video

text: transfer

text: stage

text: the

text: movie

text: was

text: stored

text: in

text: an

text: anamorphic

text: squeezed

text: format

text: The

text: widescreen

text: movie

text: image

text: was

text: stretched

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: entire

text: video

text: frame

text: with

text: less

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: video

text: resolution

text: wasted

text: to

text: create

text: letterbox

text: bars

text: The

text: advantage

text: was

text: a

text: greater

text: vertical

text: resolution

text: compared

text: to

text: letterboxed

text: widescreen

text: LaserDisc

text: This

text: same

text: procedure

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: anamorphic

text: DVDs

text: but

text: unlike

text: all

text: DVD

text: players

text: very

text: few

text: LD

text: players

text: had

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: unsqueeze

text: the

text: image

text: for

text: sets

text: and

text: very

text: few

text: if

text: any

text: sets

text: could

text: be

text: set

text: to

text: play

text: them

text: properly

text: either

text: If

text: the

text: discs

text: were

text: played

text: on

text: a

text: standard

text: television

text: the

text: image

text: would

text: be

text: distorted

text: Since

text: very

text: few

text: people

text: owned

text: displays

text: the

text: marketability

text: of

text: these

text: special

text: discs

text: was

text: very

text: limited

question: What were "Squeeze LDs"?

answer: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs

text: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs

question: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?

answer: 16:9-ratio widescreen

text: 16:9-ratio widescreen

question: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?

answer: very few people owned 16:9 displays

text: very few people owned 16:9 displays

question: Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted?

answer: distorted

text: distorted

question: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?

answer: 33%


text: By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings on nearly 1.3 million properties, a 79% increase over 2006. This increased to 2.3 million in 2008, an 81% increase vs. 2007. By August 2008, 9.2% of all U.S. mortgages outstanding were either delinquent or in foreclosure. By September 2009, this had risen to 14.4%.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: By

text: September

text: average

text: U.S.

text: housing

text: prices

text: had

text: declined

text: by

text: over

text: from

text: their

text: peak

text: As

text: prices

text: declined

text: borrowers

text: with

text: adjustable

text: rate

text: mortgages

text: could

text: not

text: refinance

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: higher

text: payments

text: associated

text: with

text: rising

text: interest

text: rates

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: default

text: During

text: lenders

text: began

text: foreclosure

text: proceedings

text: on

text: nearly

text: million

text: properties

text: a

text: increase

text: over

text: This

text: increased

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: an

text: increase

text: vs.

text: By

text: August

text: of

text: all

text: U.S.

text: mortgages

text: outstanding

text: were

text: either

text: delinquent

text: or

text: in

text: foreclosure

text: By

text: September

text: this

text: had

text: risen

text: to

question: How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008?

answer: over 20%

text: over 20%

question: When was the peak of U.S. housing prices?

answer: mid-2006

question: How many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007?

answer: nearly 1.3 million

text: nearly 1.3 million

question: What was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008?

answer: 81%

question: How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009?

answer: 14.4%


text: The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420. This figure includes an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures. There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally. Burmese migrant workers account for 80% of Thailand's migrant workers. Population density is 76 per square kilometre (200/sq mi), among the lowest in Southeast Asia.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: provisional

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: Census

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: is

text: This

text: figure

text: includes

text: an

text: estimated

text: persons

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: northern

text: Rakhine

text: State

text: Kachin

text: State

text: and

text: Kayin

text: State

text: who

text: were

text: not

text: counted

text: People

text: who

text: were

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: are

text: not

text: included

text: in

text: these

text: figures

text: There

text: are

text: over

text: registered

text: migrant

text: workers

text: from

text: Myanmar

text: in

text: Thailand

text: and

text: millions

text: more

text: work

text: illegally

text: Burmese

text: migrant

text: workers

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: Thailand

text: 's

text: migrant

text: workers

text: Population

text: density

text: is

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: mi

text: among

text: the

text: lowest

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

question: How many are estimated people live in Burma officially?

answer: provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420

text: provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420

question: Who may have been left out of the 2014 census in Burma ?

answer: an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted.

text: an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted.

question: How many people in Burma are currently using a work visa for Thailand?

answer: 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand

text: 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand

question: How many of the Burmese  people are predicted to work in Thailand without authorization

answer: millions more work illegally

text: millions more work illegally

question: What percentage of emigrant workers in Thailand that are from Myanmar ?

answer: 80% of Thailand's migrant workers

text: 80% of Thailand's migrant workers


text: Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Most

text: commercial

text: paper

text: sold

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: cut

text: to

text: standard

text: paper

text: sizes

text: based

text: on

text: customary

text: units

text: and

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: length

text: and

text: width

text: of

text: a

text: sheet

text: of

text: paper

question: Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?

answer: length and width

text: length and width

question: Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner?

answer: standard paper sizes

text: standard paper sizes

question: Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms?

answer: length and width

text: length and width


text: An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai, where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the French concession, while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng, the local gang ringleader. The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets undisturbed.[citation needed]

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: An

text: illustrative

text: example

text: of

text: official

text: involvement

text: in

text: organized

text: crime

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: from

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: where

text: Huang

text: Jinrong

text: was

text: a

text: police

text: chief

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: concession

text: while

text: simultaneously

text: being

text: a

text: gang

text: boss

text: and

text: co

text: operating

text: with

text: Du

text: Yuesheng

text: the

text: local

text: gang

text: ringleader

text: The

text: relationship

text: kept

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: profits

text: from

text: the

text: gang

text: 's

text: gambling

text: dens

text: prostitution

text: and

text: protection

text: rackets

text: undisturbed.[citation

text: needed

question: When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?

answer: 1920s and 1930s

text: 1920s and 1930s

question: Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?

answer: Du Yuesheng

text: Du Yuesheng

question: In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what?

answer: a gang boss

text: a gang boss


text: A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early 1890s with a severe depression of the city's economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: A

text: brash

text: boosterism

text: that

text: had

text: typified

text: Melbourne

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: ended

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: with

text: a

text: severe

text: depression

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: economy

text: sending

text: the

text: local

text: finance

text: and

text: property

text: industries

text: into

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: chaos

text: during

text: which

text: small

text: land

text: banks

text: and

text: building

text: societies

text: collapsed

text: and

text: limited

text: companies

text: went

text: into

text: liquidation

text: The

text: Melbourne

text: financial

text: crisis

text: was

text: a

text: contributing

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: economic

text: depression

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: banking

text: crisis

text: of

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: depression

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: were

text: profound

text: with

text: virtually

text: no

text: new

text: construction

text: until

text: the

text: late

question: When did severe depression hit Melbourne's city?

answer: 1890s

question: What went into liquidation in Melbourne around the 1890's?

answer: 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies

text: 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies

question: When did new construction start in Melbourne?

answer: late 1890s

text: late 1890s

question: When did Australia have a banking crisis?

answer: 1893.

question: During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression?

answer: early 1890s

text: early 1890s

question: How many limited companies went into liquidation during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?

answer: 133

question: How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?

answer: 16

question: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893?

answer: Australian

text: Australian

question: When did new construction start to reimerge after the early 1890s depression in Melbourne?

answer: late 1890s

text: late 1890s


text: Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Daylight

text: saving

text: time

text: DST

text: or

text: summer

text: time

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: advancing

text: clocks

text: during

text: summer

text: months

text: by

text: one

text: hour

text: so

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: evening

text: daylight

text: is

text: experienced

text: an

text: hour

text: longer

text: while

text: sacrificing

text: normal

text: sunrise

text: times

text: Typically

text: regions

text: with

text: summer

text: time

text: adjust

text: clocks

text: forward

text: one

text: hour

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: spring

text: and

text: adjust

text: them

text: backward

text: in

text: the

text: autumn

text: to

text: standard

text: time

question: What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?

answer: summer time

text: summer time

question: What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?

answer: one hour

text: one hour

question: What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?

answer: daylight

text: daylight

question: In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?

answer: autumn

text: autumn

question: By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?

answer: sunrise

text: sunrise