text: In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed. A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider £23m development of the abbey expected to be completed in 2013. On 4 August 2010 the Dean and Chapter announced that, "[a]fter a considerable amount of preliminary and exploratory work", efforts toward the construction of a corona would not be continued. In 2012, architects Panter Hudspith completed refurbishment of the 14th-century food-store originally used by the abbey's monks, converting it into a restaurant with English Oak furniture by Covent Garden-based furniture makers Luke Hughes and Company.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: building

text: work

text: at

text: the

text: abbey

text: for

text: years

text: was

text: proposed

text: A

text: corona

text: a

text: crown

text: like

text: architectural

text: feature

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: built

text: around

text: the

text: lantern

text: over

text: the

text: central

text: crossing

text: replacing

text: an

text: existing

text: pyramidal

text: structure

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: This

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: wider

text: m

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: abbey

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: completed

text: in

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Dean

text: and

text: Chapter

text: announced

text: that

text: a]fter

text: a

text: considerable

text: amount

text: of

text: preliminary

text: and

text: exploratory

text: work

text: efforts

text: toward

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: corona

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: continued

text: In

text: architects

text: Panter

text: Hudspith

text: completed

text: refurbishment

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: food

text: store

text: originally

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: abbey

text: 's

text: monks

text: converting

text: it

text: into

text: a

text: restaurant

text: with

text: English

text: Oak

text: furniture

text: by

text: Covent

text: Garden

text: based

text: furniture

text: makers

text: Luke

text: Hughes

text: and

text: Company

question: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?

answer: major building work

text: major building work

question: On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued?

answer: 4 August 2010

text: 4 August 2010

question: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what?

answer: a restaurant

text: a restaurant

question: What kind of furniture is in the restaurant?

answer: English Oak

text: English Oak

question: Who supplied the furniture for the restaurant?

answer: Luke Hughes and Company

text: Luke Hughes and Company


text: The club have entered the UK pop charts on four occasions under different titles during the 1980s and 1990s when many clubs released a song to mark their reaching the FA Cup Final. "The Boys in Blue", released in 1984, peaked at number 82. The following year the club scored their biggest hit when "Here We Go" peaked at 14. In 1986 the club released "Everybody's Cheering The Blues" which reached number 83. "All Together Now", a reworking of a song by Merseyside band The Farm, was released for the 1995 FA Cup Final and reached number 27. When the club next reached the 2009 FA Cup Final, the tradition had passed into history and no song was released.

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: The

text: club

text: have

text: entered

text: the

text: UK

text: pop

text: charts

text: on

text: four

text: occasions

text: under

text: different

text: titles

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: when

text: many

text: clubs

text: released

text: a

text: song

text: to

text: mark

text: their

text: reaching

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: The

text: Boys

text: in

text: Blue

text: released

text: in

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: the

text: club

text: scored

text: their

text: biggest

text: hit

text: when

text: Here

text: We

text: Go

text: peaked

text: at

text: In

text: the

text: club

text: released

text: Everybody

text: 's

text: Cheering

text: The

text: Blues

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: All

text: Together

text: Now

text: a

text: reworking

text: of

text: a

text: song

text: by

text: Merseyside

text: band

text: The

text: Farm

text: was

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: and

text: reached

text: number

text: When

text: the

text: club

text: next

text: reached

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: the

text: tradition

text: had

text: passed

text: into

text: history

text: and

text: no

text: song

text: was

text: released

question: What year did the Everton FC release their UK pop song "The Boys in Blue"?

answer: 1984

question: What position did the song "Here We Go" by the Everton FC peak at on the UK pop charts in 1985?

answer: 14

question: What was the name of the song that the Everton Football Club released in 1986?

answer: Everybody's Cheering The Blues

text: Everybody's Cheering The Blues

question: Who originally sang the song "All Together Now" that was reworked and released by Everton Football Club in 1995?

answer: The Farm

text: The Farm

question: How many times has the Everton FC entered the UK pop charts?

answer: four

text: four


text: Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes).

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Mexico

text: City

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: orchestras

text: offering

text: season

text: programs

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Philharmonic

text: which

text: performs

text: at

text: the

text: Sala

text: Ollin

text: Yoliztli

text: the

text: National

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: whose

text: home

text: base

text: is

text: the

text: Palacio

text: de

text: Bellas

text: Artes

text: Palace

text: of

text: the

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: a

text: masterpiece

text: of

text: art

text: nouveau

text: and

text: art

text: decó

text: styles

text: the

text: Philharmonic

text: Orchestra

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Autonomous

text: University

text: of

text: Mexico

text: OFUNAM

text: and

text: the

text: Minería

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: perform

text: at

text: the

text: Sala

text: Nezahualcóyotl

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: wrap

text: around

text: concert

text: hall

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: when

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: many

text: smaller

text: ensembles

text: that

text: enrich

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: musical

text: scene

text: including

text: the

text: Carlos

text: Chávez

text: Youth

text: Symphony

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Orchestra

text: Orquesta

text: del

text: Nuevo

text: Mundo

text: the

text: National

text: Polytechnical

text: Symphony

text: and

text: the

text: Bellas

text: Artes

text: Chamber

text: Orchestra

text: Orquesta

text: de

text: Cámara

text: de

text: Bellas

text: Artes

question: Where does the Mexico City Philharmonic perform?

answer: Sala Ollin Yoliztli

text: Sala Ollin Yoliztli

question: When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened?

answer: 1976

question: What is the name of one of the main orchestras of Mexico City?

answer: National Symphony Orchestra

text: National Symphony Orchestra

question: The Palace of Fine Arts hosts what main symphony?

answer: National Symphony Orchestra

text: National Symphony Orchestra

question: What does OFUNAM stand for?

answer: Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico

text: Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico


text: A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: A

text: lock

text: in

text: is

text: when

text: a

text: pub

text: owner

text: lets

text: drinkers

text: stay

text: in

text: the

text: pub

text: after

text: the

text: legal

text: closing

text: time

text: on

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: once

text: the

text: doors

text: are

text: locked

text: it

text: becomes

text: a

text: private

text: party

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: pub

text: Patrons

text: may

text: put

text: money

text: behind

text: the

text: bar

text: before

text: official

text: closing

text: time

text: and

text: redeem

text: their

text: drinks

text: during

text: the

text: lock

text: in

text: so

text: no

text: drinks

text: are

text: technically

text: sold

text: after

text: closing

text: time

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: lock

text: in

text: was

text: a

text: reaction

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: licensing

text: laws

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: which

text: curtailed

text: opening

text: hours

text: to

text: stop

text: factory

text: workers

text: from

text: turning

text: up

text: drunk

text: and

text: harming

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: Since

text: the

text: UK

text: licensing

text: laws

text: had

text: changed

text: very

text: little

text: with

text: comparatively

text: early

text: closing

text: times

text: The

text: tradition

text: of

text: the

text: lock

text: in

text: therefore

text: remained

text: Since

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: Licensing

text: Act

text: premises

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: may

text: apply

text: to

text: extend

text: their

text: opening

text: hours

text: beyond

text: pm

text: allowing

text: round

text: the

text: clock

text: drinking

text: and

text: removing

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: lock

text: ins

text: Since

text: the

text: smoking

text: ban

text: some

text: establishments

text: operated

text: a

text: lock

text: in

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: remaining

text: patrons

text: could

text: smoke

text: without

text: repercussions

text: but

text: unlike

text: drinking

text: lock

text: ins

text: allowing

text: smoking

text: in

text: a

text: pub

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: prosecutable

text: offence

question: What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?

answer: "lock-in"

text: "lock-in"

question: What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?

answer: Licensing Act 2003

text: Licensing Act 2003

question: A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?

answer: 1915

question: What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?

answer: allowing smoking

text: allowing smoking


text: After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals. Neoclassical architecture remained popular, and was the opponent of Gothic in the Battle of the Styles of the early Victorian period. In the United States the Federalist Style contained many elements of Georgian style, but incorporated revolutionary symbols.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: After

text: about

text: Georgian

text: conventions

text: were

text: slowly

text: abandoned

text: as

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: revival

text: styles

text: including

text: Gothic

text: Revival

text: that

text: had

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Georgian

text: period

text: developed

text: and

text: contested

text: in

text: Victorian

text: architecture

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: Gothic

text: became

text: better

text: researched

text: and

text: closer

text: to

text: their

text: originals

text: Neoclassical

text: architecture

text: remained

text: popular

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: opponent

text: of

text: Gothic

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Styles

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Victorian

text: period

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Federalist

text: Style

text: contained

text: many

text: elements

text: of

text: Georgian

text: style

text: but

text: incorporated

text: revolutionary

text: symbols

question: What year did Georgian architecture begin to be abandoned?

answer: 1840

question: What was the rivalry between Gothic Revival and Neoclassical referred to as?

answer: the Battle of the Styles

text: the Battle of the Styles

question: When was the Battle of the Styles contested?

answer: early Victorian period

text: early Victorian period

question: What style from the United States used many elements of Georgian style but with revolutionary symbols?

answer: Federalist Style

text: Federalist Style


text: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. Samurai was a word used by the Kuge aristocratic class with warriors themselves preferring the word bushi. The term Bushidō, the "way of the warrior", is derived from this term and the mansion of a warrior was called bukeyashiki.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: Bushi

text: was

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: Japanese

text: soldiers

text: from

text: traditional

text: warrior

text: families

text: The

text: bushi

text: class

text: was

text: developed

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Japan

text: They

text: formed

text: powerful

text: clans

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: were

text: against

text: the

text: noble

text: families

text: who

text: were

text: grouping

text: themselves

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: Kyoto

text: Samurai

text: was

text: a

text: word

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Kuge

text: aristocratic

text: class

text: with

text: warriors

text: themselves

text: preferring

text: the

text: word

text: bushi

text: The

text: term

text: Bushidō

text: the

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: warrior

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: this

text: term

text: and

text: the

text: mansion

text: of

text: a

text: warrior

text: was

text: called

text: bukeyashiki

question: Who were the bushi class?

answer: ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families

text: ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families

question: Where did the bushi live?

answer: mainly in the north of Japan

text: mainly in the north of Japan

question: Where did the imperial family live?

answer: Kyoto

text: Kyoto

question: What does Bushido mean?

answer: the "way of the warrior"

text: the "way of the warrior"

question: What was a bukeyashiki?

answer: the mansion of a warrior

text: the mansion of a warrior


text: On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: On

text: March

text: a

text: PLO

text: guerilla

text: raid

text: from

text: Lebanon

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Coastal

text: Road

text: Massacre

text: Israel

text: responded

text: by

text: launching

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: southern

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: PLO

text: bases

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Litani

text: River

text: Most

text: PLO

text: fighters

text: withdrew

text: but

text: Israel

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: secure

text: southern

text: Lebanon

text: until

text: a

text: UN

text: force

text: and

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: army

text: could

text: take

text: over

text: The

text: PLO

text: soon

text: resumed

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: attacks

text: against

text: Israel

text: In

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: years

text: the

text: PLO

text: infiltrated

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: kept

text: up

text: a

text: sporadic

text: shelling

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: Israel

text: carried

text: out

text: numerous

text: retaliatory

text: attacks

text: by

text: air

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: ground

question: When did the Coastal Road Massacre occur?

answer: 11 March 1978

text: 11 March 1978

question: Who secured southern Lebanon?

answer: Israel

text: Israel

question: Where were the PLO bases located?

answer: south of the Litani River

text: south of the Litani River


text: Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: V

text: limited

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cardinals

text: to

text: comprising

text: six

text: cardinal

text: bishops

text: cardinal

text: priests

text: and

text: cardinal

text: deacons

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: pontificate

text: of

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: that

text: limit

text: has

text: been

text: exceeded

text: At

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: set

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cardinal

text: electors

text: at

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: but

text: set

text: no

text: limit

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cardinals

text: generally

text: He

text: also

text: established

text: a

text: maximum

text: age

text: of

text: eighty

text: years

text: for

text: electors

text: His

text: action

text: deprived

text: twenty

text: five

text: living

text: cardinals

text: including

text: the

text: three

text: living

text: cardinals

text: elevated

text: by

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: XI

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: a

text: conclave.[citation

text: needed

text: Popes

text: can

text: dispense

text: from

text: church

text: laws

text: and

text: have

text: sometimes

text: brought

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cardinals

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: also

text: increased

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cardinal

text: bishops

text: by

text: giving

text: that

text: rank

text: to

text: patriarchs

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Churches

question: Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to?

answer: 70

question: What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?

answer: comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons.

text: comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons.

question: During who's term did the ruling exceed?

answer: Pope John XXIII

text: Pope John XXIII

question: Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to?

answer: 120

question: What is the maximum age for electors?

answer: 80

question: Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what?

answer: 120

question: Pope Paul VI had no cap on what?

answer: the number of cardinals generally

text: the number of cardinals generally


text: Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: a

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: elevations

text: in

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: which

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: having

text: a

text: mountain

text: temperate

text: climate

text: or

text: a

text: humid

text: continental

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: cooler

text: temperatures

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: climate

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: with

text: winds

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: being

text: responsible

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: annual

text: precipitation

text: Generally

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: mild

text: to

text: cool

text: winters

text: with

text: generous

text: precipitation

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: with

text: highest

text: average

text: monthly

text: precipitation

text: generally

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: spring

text: months

text: between

text: December

text: and

text: April

text: The

text: driest

text: months

text: on

text: average

text: are

text: August

text: to

text: October

text: On

text: average

text: the

text: state

text: receives

text: inches

text: cm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: annually

text: Snowfall

text: ranges

text: from

text: inches

text: cm

text: in

text: West

text: Tennessee

text: to

text: over

text: inches

text: cm

text: in

text: the

text: higher

text: mountains

text: in

text: East

text: Tennessee

question: What is the most common climate across Tennessee?

answer: humid subtropical

text: humid subtropical

question: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?

answer: humid subtropical

text: humid subtropical

question: Which mountains contain those parts of Tennessee with a temperate climate?

answer: Appalachians

text: Appalachians

question: Which body of ocean water affects Tennessee's climate the most?

answer: Gulf of Mexico

text: Gulf of Mexico

question: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?

answer: 50

question: Which range of months is Tennessee's wettest?

answer: between December and April

text: between December and April


text: In June 1943 a visiting politician had suggested to Eisenhower that he might become President of the United States after the war. Believing that a general should not participate in politics, one author later wrote that "figuratively speaking, [Eisenhower] kicked his political-minded visitor out of his office". As others asked him about his political future, Eisenhower told one that he could not imagine wanting to be considered for any political job "from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe", and another that he could not serve as Army Chief of Staff if others believed he had political ambitions. In 1945 Truman told Eisenhower during the Potsdam Conference that if desired, the president would help the general win the 1948 election, and in 1947 he offered to run as Eisenhower's running mate on the Democratic ticket if MacArthur won the Republican nomination.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: June

text: a

text: visiting

text: politician

text: had

text: suggested

text: to

text: Eisenhower

text: that

text: he

text: might

text: become

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: Believing

text: that

text: a

text: general

text: should

text: not

text: participate

text: in

text: politics

text: one

text: author

text: later

text: wrote

text: that

text: figuratively

text: speaking

text: Eisenhower

text: kicked

text: his

text: political

text: minded

text: visitor

text: out

text: of

text: his

text: office

text: As

text: others

text: asked

text: him

text: about

text: his

text: political

text: future

text: Eisenhower

text: told

text: one

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: imagine

text: wanting

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: for

text: any

text: political

text: job

text: from

text: dogcatcher

text: to

text: Grand

text: High

text: Supreme

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: and

text: another

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: serve

text: as

text: Army

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: if

text: others

text: believed

text: he

text: had

text: political

text: ambitions

text: In

text: Truman

text: told

text: Eisenhower

text: during

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Conference

text: that

text: if

text: desired

text: the

text: president

text: would

text: help

text: the

text: general

text: win

text: the

text: election

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: offered

text: to

text: run

text: as

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: running

text: mate

text: on

text: the

text: Democratic

text: ticket

text: if

text: MacArthur

text: won

text: the

text: Republican

text: nomination

question: When was it suggested to Eisenhower that he might one day become president?

answer: June 1943

text: June 1943

question: Along with dogcatcher, what political job did Eisenhower specifically not want to be considered for?

answer: Grand High Supreme King of the Universe

text: Grand High Supreme King of the Universe

question: What role did Eisenhower believe he could not fulfill if he was believed to want to become involved in politics?

answer: Army Chief of Staff

text: Army Chief of Staff

question: What general was considered a potential Republican presidential candidate in 1948?

answer: MacArthur

text: MacArthur

question: At what meeting did Truman tell Eisenhower that he would assist him in running for president?

answer: Potsdam Conference

text: Potsdam Conference


text: Spirometry is recommended to aid in diagnosis and management. It is the single best test for asthma. If the FEV1 measured by this technique improves more than 12% following administration of a bronchodilator such as salbutamol, this is supportive of the diagnosis. It however may be normal in those with a history of mild asthma, not currently acting up. As caffeine is a bronchodilator in people with asthma, the use of caffeine before a lung function test may interfere with the results. Single-breath diffusing capacity can help differentiate asthma from COPD. It is reasonable to perform spirometry every one or two years to follow how well a person's asthma is controlled.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Spirometry

text: is

text: recommended

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: diagnosis

text: and

text: management

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: single

text: best

text: test

text: for

text: asthma

text: If

text: the

text: measured

text: by

text: this

text: technique

text: improves

text: more

text: than

text: following

text: administration

text: of

text: a

text: bronchodilator

text: such

text: as

text: salbutamol

text: this

text: is

text: supportive

text: of

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: It

text: however

text: may

text: be

text: normal

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: mild

text: asthma

text: not

text: currently

text: acting

text: up

text: As

text: caffeine

text: is

text: a

text: bronchodilator

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: asthma

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: caffeine

text: before

text: a

text: lung

text: function

text: test

text: may

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: results

text: Single

text: breath

text: diffusing

text: capacity

text: can

text: help

text: differentiate

text: asthma

text: from

text: COPD

text: It

text: is

text: reasonable

text: to

text: perform

text: spirometry

text: every

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: years

text: to

text: follow

text: how

text: well

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: asthma

text: is

text: controlled

question: What is recommended to help in the diagnosis of asthma?

answer: Spirometry

text: Spirometry

question: Why is spirometry so commonly used to diagnose asthma?

answer: It is the single best test for asthma

text: It is the single best test for asthma

question: What helps support the evidence of asthma?

answer: If the FEV1 measured by this technique improves more than 12% following administration of a bronchodilator

text: If the FEV1 measured by this technique improves more than 12% following administration of a bronchodilator

question: What substance can skew the results of an asthma test?

answer: caffeine

text: caffeine

question: What test can tell the difference between asthma and COPD?

answer: Single-breath diffusing capacity

text: Single-breath diffusing capacity


text: In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: the

text: tree

text: a

text: knot

text: is

text: either

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: a

text: side

text: branch

text: or

text: a

text: dormant

text: bud

text: A

text: knot

text: when

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: a

text: side

text: branch

text: is

text: conical

text: in

text: shape

text: hence

text: the

text: roughly

text: circular

text: cross

text: section

text: with

text: the

text: inner

text: tip

text: at

text: the

text: point

text: in

text: stem

text: diameter

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: plant

text: 's

text: vascular

text: cambium

text: was

text: located

text: when

text: the

text: branch

text: formed

text: as

text: a

text: bud

question: Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot?

answer: a dormant bud

text: a dormant bud

question: What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base?

answer: conical

text: conical

question: What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement?

answer: diameter

text: diameter

question: Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have?

answer: circular

text: circular


text: Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: is

text: a

text: Romance

text: language

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Northern

text: Portugal

text: originating

text: from

text: Galician

text: Portuguese

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: common

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Galician

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: people

text: until

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: Portugal

text: Particularly

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: of

text: Portugal

text: there

text: are

text: still

text: many

text: similarities

text: between

text: the

text: Galician

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: culture

text: Galicia

text: is

text: a

text: consultative

text: observer

text: of

text: the

text: Community

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: Language

text: Countries

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Ethnologue

text: of

text: Languages

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Spanish

text: have

text: a

text: lexical

text: similarity

text: of

text: educated

text: speakers

text: of

text: each

text: language

text: can

text: communicate

text: easily

text: with

text: one

text: another

question: What is the official name of Portugal?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: What type of language is Portuguese?

answer: Romance

text: Romance

question: Where did Portuguese originate?

answer: Galicia and Northern Portugal

text: Galicia and Northern Portugal

question: What was the common name of the Galician and Portuguese people?

answer: Galician-Portuguese

text: Galician-Portuguese


text: The 100th meridian roughly corresponds with the line that divides the Great Plains into an area that receive 20 inches (510 millimetres) or more of rainfall per year and an area that receives less than 20 in (510 mm). In this context, the High Plains, as well as Southern Alberta, south-western Saskatchewan and Eastern Montana are mainly semi hot steppe land and are generally characterised by rangeland or marginal farmland. The region (especially the High Plains) is periodically subjected to extended periods of drought; high winds in the region may then generate devastating dust storms. The eastern Great Plains near the eastern boundary falls in the humid subtropical climate zone in the southern areas, and the northern and central areas fall in the humid continental climate.

title: Great_Plains

title: Great_Plains

text: The

text: meridian

text: roughly

text: corresponds

text: with

text: the

text: line

text: that

text: divides

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: into

text: an

text: area

text: that

text: receive

text: inches

text: millimetres

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: rainfall

text: per

text: year

text: and

text: an

text: area

text: that

text: receives

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: mm

text: In

text: this

text: context

text: the

text: High

text: Plains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Southern

text: Alberta

text: south

text: western

text: Saskatchewan

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Montana

text: are

text: mainly

text: semi

text: hot

text: steppe

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: characterised

text: by

text: rangeland

text: or

text: marginal

text: farmland

text: The

text: region

text: especially

text: the

text: High

text: Plains

text: is

text: periodically

text: subjected

text: to

text: extended

text: periods

text: of

text: drought

text: high

text: winds

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: may

text: then

text: generate

text: devastating

text: dust

text: storms

text: The

text: eastern

text: Great

text: Plains

text: near

text: the

text: eastern

text: boundary

text: falls

text: in

text: the

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: zone

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: fall

text: in

text: the

text: humid

text: continental

text: climate

question: what is the name of the line that divides the great plains?

answer: The 100th meridian

text: The 100th meridian

question: about how much rainfall does the great plains get per year?

answer: 20 inches

text: 20 inches

question: what do high winds in the area sometimes cause?

answer: dust storms

text: dust storms

question: what type of climate does the eastern great plains fall into?

answer: humid subtropical climate

text: humid subtropical climate


text: The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: blossoming

text: literature

text: philosophy

text: medicine

text: and

text: art

text: of

text: Iran

text: became

text: major

text: elements

text: in

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: age

text: for

text: the

text: Iranian

text: civilization

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Golden

text: Age

text: The

text: Islamic

text: Golden

text: Age

text: reached

text: its

text: peak

text: by

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: during

text: which

text: Iran

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: theater

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: activities

text: After

text: the

text: century

text: Persian

text: language

text: alongside

text: Arabic

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: scientific

text: philosophical

text: historical

text: musical

text: and

text: medical

text: works

text: whereas

text: the

text: important

text: Iranian

text: writers

text: such

text: as

text: Tusi

text: Avicenna

text: Qotb

text: od

text: Din

text: Shirazi

text: and

text: Biruni

text: had

text: major

text: contributions

text: in

text: the

text: scientific

text: writing

question: What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked?

answer: the Islamic Golden Age

text: the Islamic Golden Age

question: When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith?

answer: by the 10th and 11th centuries

text: by the 10th and 11th centuries

question: Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing?

answer: scientific writing

text: scientific writing

question: Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age?

answer: Iran

text: Iran


text: Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, health care, research and development, tourism and sport, making it the world's most liveable city—for the fifth year in a row in 2015, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index. Referred to as Australia's "cultural capital", it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries, and Australian contemporary dance such as the Melbourne Shuffle. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art, music and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: rates

text: highly

text: in

text: education

text: entertainment

text: health

text: care

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: tourism

text: and

text: sport

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: liveable

text: city

text: for

text: the

text: fifth

text: year

text: in

text: a

text: row

text: in

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Economist

text: Intelligence

text: Unit

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: leading

text: financial

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: region

text: and

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: top

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: Global

text: Financial

text: Centres

text: Index

text: Referred

text: to

text: as

text: Australia

text: 's

text: cultural

text: capital

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: Australian

text: impressionism

text: Australian

text: rules

text: football

text: the

text: Australian

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: industries

text: and

text: Australian

text: contemporary

text: dance

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Shuffle

text: It

text: is

text: recognised

text: as

text: a

text: UNESCO

text: City

text: of

text: Literature

text: and

text: a

text: major

text: centre

text: for

text: street

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: theatre

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: oldest

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Cricket

text: Ground

text: the

text: National

text: Gallery

text: of

text: Victoria

text: the

text: State

text: Library

text: of

text: Victoria

text: and

text: the

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: listed

text: Royal

text: Exhibition

text: Building

question: Melbourne is the world's most liveable city according to whom?

answer: Economist Intelligence Unit

text: Economist Intelligence Unit

question: For how many years has Melbourne been considered the world's most liveable city?

answer: fifth year in a row

text: fifth year in a row

question: Which city is referred to as Australia's cultural capital?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: What is one example of Australian contemporary dance?

answer: Melbourne Shuffle

text: Melbourne Shuffle


text: During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: During

text: the

text: initial

text: punk

text: era

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: entrepreneurs

text: interested

text: in

text: local

text: punk

text: influenced

text: music

text: scenes

text: began

text: founding

text: independent

text: record

text: labels

text: including

text: Rough

text: Trade

text: founded

text: by

text: record

text: shop

text: owner

text: Geoff

text: Travis

text: and

text: Factory

text: founded

text: by

text: Manchester

text: based

text: television

text: personality

text: Tony

text: Wilson

text: By

text: groups

text: began

text: pointedly

text: pursuing

text: methods

text: of

text: releasing

text: music

text: independently

text: an

text: idea

text: disseminated

text: in

text: particular

text: by

text: the

text: Buzzcocks

text: release

text: of

text: their

text: Spiral

text: Scratch

text: EP

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: label

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: self

text: released

text: singles

text: of

text: Desperate

text: Bicycles

text: These

text: DIY

text: imperatives

text: would

text: help

text: form

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: infrastructure

text: of

text: post

text: punk

text: and

text: the

text: indie

text: music

text: scene

text: that

text: later

text: blossomed

text: in

text: the

question: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?

answer: Rough Trade

text: Rough Trade

question: Who founded Factory?

answer: Tony Wilson

text: Tony Wilson

question: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?

answer: 1977

question: Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?

answer: Buzzcocks

text: Buzzcocks

question: When did the indoe music scene begin to grow?

answer: mid-1980s

question: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?

answer: independent record labels

text: independent record labels

question: Who founded the record label Rough Trade?

answer: Geoff Travis

text: Geoff Travis

question: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?

answer: Manchester

text: Manchester

question: When did some groups start looking for methods to release their music themselves?

answer: 1977

question: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?

answer: their own

text: their own


text: Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muawiyah I, slipped into the vacuum, became his secretary, slowly assumed more control and relaxed some of these restrictions. Marwan I had previously been excluded from positions of responsibility. In 656, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, the son of Abu Bakr, the adopted son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the great grandfather of Ja'far al-Sadiq, showed some Egyptians the house of Uthman ibn al-Affan. Later the Egyptians ended up killing Uthman ibn al-Affan.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: Early

text: Muslim

text: armies

text: stayed

text: in

text: encampments

text: away

text: from

text: cities

text: because

text: Umar

text: feared

text: that

text: they

text: might

text: get

text: attracted

text: to

text: wealth

text: and

text: luxury

text: In

text: the

text: process

text: they

text: might

text: turn

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: worship

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: start

text: accumulating

text: wealth

text: and

text: establishing

text: dynasties

text: When

text: Uthman

text: ibn

text: al

text: Affan

text: became

text: very

text: old

text: Marwan

text: I

text: a

text: relative

text: of

text: Muawiyah

text: I

text: slipped

text: into

text: the

text: vacuum

text: became

text: his

text: secretary

text: slowly

text: assumed

text: more

text: control

text: and

text: relaxed

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: restrictions

text: Marwan

text: I

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: excluded

text: from

text: positions

text: of

text: responsibility

text: In

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Bakr

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: the

text: adopted

text: son

text: of

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Talib

text: and

text: the

text: great

text: grandfather

text: of

text: Ja'far

text: al

text: Sadiq

text: showed

text: some

text: Egyptians

text: the

text: house

text: of

text: Uthman

text: ibn

text: al

text: Affan

text: Later

text: the

text: Egyptians

text: ended

text: up

text: killing

text: Uthman

text: ibn

text: al

text: Affan

question: What group murdered Uthman ibn al-Affan?

answer: Egyptians

text: Egyptians

question: Who was Marwan I related to?

answer: Muawiyah I

text: Muawiyah I

question: Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?

answer: Ali ibn Abi Talib

text: Ali ibn Abi Talib

question: Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr?

answer: Ja'far al-Sadiq

text: Ja'far al-Sadiq


text: Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Like

text: most

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: and

text: laws

text: are

text: also

text: run

text: by

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: ballot

text: initiatives

text: allowing

text: citizens

text: to

text: pass

text: or

text: reject

text: laws

text: referenda

text: allowing

text: citizens

text: to

text: approve

text: or

text: reject

text: legislation

text: already

text: passed

text: and

text: propositions

text: allowing

text: specific

text: government

text: agencies

text: to

text: propose

text: new

text: laws

text: tax

text: increases

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: Federally

text: Seattle

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Washington

text: 's

text: congressional

text: district

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Jim

text: McDermott

text: elected

text: in

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: Congress

text: 's

text: liberal

text: members

text: Ed

text: Murray

text: is

text: currently

text: serving

text: as

text: mayor

question: Of what Congressional district is Seattle a part?

answer: 7th congressional district

text: 7th congressional district

question: To which states' election laws are Seattle's law and ballots similar?

answer: Like most

text: Like most

question: Who is the representative for Seattle's district?

answer: Jim McDermott

text: Jim McDermott

question: When was McDermott elected to office?

answer: 1988

question: Who is the present mayor of Seattle?

answer: Ed Murray

text: Ed Murray


text: London is the seat of the Government of the United Kingdom. Many government departments are based close to the Palace of Westminster, particularly along Whitehall, including the Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street. The British Parliament is often referred to as the "Mother of Parliaments" (although this sobriquet was first applied to England itself by John Bright) because it has been the model for most other parliamentary systems. There are 73 Members of Parliament (MPs) from London, who correspond to local parliamentary constituencies in the national Parliament. As of May 2015, 45 are from the Labour Party, 27 are Conservatives, and one is a Liberal Democrat.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Many

text: government

text: departments

text: are

text: based

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: particularly

text: along

text: Whitehall

text: including

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: 's

text: residence

text: at

text: Downing

text: Street

text: The

text: British

text: Parliament

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Mother

text: of

text: Parliaments

text: although

text: this

text: sobriquet

text: was

text: first

text: applied

text: to

text: England

text: itself

text: by

text: John

text: Bright

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: model

text: for

text: most

text: other

text: parliamentary

text: systems

text: There

text: are

text: Members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: MPs

text: from

text: London

text: who

text: correspond

text: to

text: local

text: parliamentary

text: constituencies

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: Parliament

text: As

text: of

text: May

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: are

text: Conservatives

text: and

text: one

text: is

text: a

text: Liberal

text: Democrat

question: What is the Prime Minister of the UK's official residence?

answer: 10 Downing Street

text: 10 Downing Street

question: Who first dubbed the British Parliament the "Mother of Parliaments?"

answer: John Bright

text: John Bright

question: How many Members of Parliament are from London?

answer: 73

question: As of May 2015, which party holds the majority of seats in Parliament?

answer: the Labour Party

text: the Labour Party

question: As of May 2015, how many Liberal Democrats sit in Parliament?

answer: one

text: one


text: Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". The size, color, shape and form of a colony is characteristic of the bacterial species, its specific genetic makeup (its strain), and the environment that supports its growth. Other ingredients are often added to the plate to aid in identification. Plates may contain substances that permit the growth of some bacteria and not others, or that change color in response to certain bacteria and not others. Bacteriological plates such as these are commonly used in the clinical identification of infectious bacterium. Microbial culture may also be used in the identification of viruses: the medium in this case being cells grown in culture that the virus can infect, and then alter or kill. In the case of viral identification, a region of dead cells results from viral growth, and is called a "plaque". Eukaryotic parasites may also be grown in culture as a means of identifying a particular agent.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Microbiological

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: principal

text: tool

text: used

text: to

text: diagnose

text: infectious

text: disease

text: In

text: a

text: microbial

text: culture

text: a

text: growth

text: medium

text: is

text: provided

text: for

text: a

text: specific

text: agent

text: A

text: sample

text: taken

text: from

text: potentially

text: diseased

text: tissue

text: or

text: fluid

text: is

text: then

text: tested

text: for

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: an

text: infectious

text: agent

text: able

text: to

text: grow

text: within

text: that

text: medium

text: Most

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: are

text: easily

text: grown

text: on

text: nutrient

text: agar

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: solid

text: medium

text: that

text: supplies

text: carbohydrates

text: and

text: proteins

text: necessary

text: for

text: growth

text: of

text: a

text: bacterium

text: along

text: with

text: copious

text: amounts

text: of

text: water

text: A

text: single

text: bacterium

text: will

text: grow

text: into

text: a

text: visible

text: mound

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: plate

text: called

text: a

text: colony

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: separated

text: from

text: other

text: colonies

text: or

text: melded

text: together

text: into

text: a

text: lawn

text: The

text: size

text: color

text: shape

text: and

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: colony

text: is

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: bacterial

text: species

text: its

text: specific

text: genetic

text: makeup

text: its

text: strain

text: and

text: the

text: environment

text: that

text: supports

text: its

text: growth

text: Other

text: ingredients

text: are

text: often

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: plate

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: identification

text: Plates

text: may

text: contain

text: substances

text: that

text: permit

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: some

text: bacteria

text: and

text: not

text: others

text: or

text: that

text: change

text: color

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: certain

text: bacteria

text: and

text: not

text: others

text: Bacteriological

text: plates

text: such

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: clinical

text: identification

text: of

text: infectious

text: bacterium

text: Microbial

text: culture

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: viruses

text: the

text: medium

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: being

text: cells

text: grown

text: in

text: culture

text: that

text: the

text: virus

text: can

text: infect

text: and

text: then

text: alter

text: or

text: kill

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: viral

text: identification

text: a

text: region

text: of

text: dead

text: cells

text: results

text: from

text: viral

text: growth

text: and

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: plaque

text: Eukaryotic

text: parasites

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: culture

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: identifying

text: a

text: particular

text: agent

question: What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?

answer: Microbiological

text: Microbiological

question: What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture?

answer: growth

text: growth

question: What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on?

answer: nutrient agar

text: nutrient agar

question: What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate?

answer: a colony

text: a colony

question: What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?

answer: a "plaque"

text: a "plaque"


text: On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only Tibet was left. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu province and again became the provincial capital by replacing Zhenjiang which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: On

text: April

text: Communist

text: forces

text: crossed

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: Communist

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: PLA

text: captured

text: Nanjing

text: The

text: KMT

text: government

text: retreated

text: to

text: Canton

text: Guangzhou

text: until

text: October

text: Chongqing

text: until

text: November

text: and

text: then

text: Chengdu

text: before

text: retreating

text: to

text: Taiwan

text: on

text: December

text: By

text: late

text: the

text: PLA

text: was

text: pursuing

text: remnants

text: of

text: KMT

text: forces

text: southwards

text: in

text: southern

text: China

text: and

text: only

text: Tibet

text: was

text: left

text: After

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: in

text: October

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: initially

text: a

text: province

text: level

text: municipality

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: soon

text: merged

text: into

text: Jiangsu

text: province

text: and

text: again

text: became

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: by

text: replacing

text: Zhenjiang

text: which

text: was

text: transferred

text: in

text: and

text: retains

text: that

text: status

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: When did the Communist troops cross the Yangtze River?

answer: 21 April

text: 21 April

question: When was Nanjing conquered by the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA)?

answer: April 23, 1949

text: April 23, 1949

question: Where did the KMT government stay until October 15?

answer: Canton (Guangzhou)

text: Canton (Guangzhou)

question: When did the KMT government head to Taiwan?

answer: December 10

text: December 10

question: When was the People's Republic of China formed?

answer: October 1949

text: October 1949


text: London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within Greater London. The Office for National Statistics estimated its mid-2014 population to be 8,538,689, the largest of any municipality in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5 percent of the UK population. London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census. The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants,[note 4] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: has

text: a

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: peoples

text: and

text: cultures

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: languages

text: are

text: spoken

text: within

text: Greater

text: London

text: The

text: Office

text: for

text: National

text: Statistics

text: estimated

text: its

text: population

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: any

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: accounting

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: population

text: London

text: 's

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: EU

text: after

text: Paris

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Europe

text: with

text: inhabitants,[note

text: while

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: states

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: region

text: covering

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: as

text: million

text: London

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: from

text: around

text: to

question: How many different languages are spoken in London?

answer: 300

question: What was the population in London in 2014?

answer: 8,538,689

question: Where does London's urban area rank in terms of population within the EU?

answer: second most

text: second most

question: How many people are in London's Metropolitan area?

answer: 13,879,757

question: What years was London considered the world's most populous city?

answer: 1831 to 1925

text: 1831 to 1925

question: From the 2011 census, London is second in population in the EU to which city?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: During what time did London have the world's largest population, city-wise?

answer: around 1831 to 1925

text: around 1831 to 1925

question: Approximately how many languages are spoken in the Greater London area?

answer: more than 300

text: more than 300

question: As of mid-2014, London's population forms what percentage of the entire United Kingdom population?

answer: 12.5

question: What is the population of metropolitan London?

answer: 13,879,757


text: Midway through the 19th century, the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed. The first comprehensive theories of mountain building were proposed during this period, as were the first modern theories of earthquakes and volcanoes. Louis Agassiz and others established the reality of continent-covering ice ages, and "fluvialists" like Andrew Crombie Ramsay argued that river valleys were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them. After the discovery of radioactivity, radiometric dating methods were developed, starting in the 20th century. Alfred Wegener's theory of "continental drift" was widely dismissed when he proposed it in the 1910s, but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it. Plate tectonics also provided a unified explanation for a wide range of seemingly unrelated geological phenomena. Since 1970 it has served as the unifying principle in geology.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Midway

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: geology

text: shifted

text: from

text: description

text: and

text: classification

text: to

text: attempts

text: to

text: understand

text: how

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: had

text: changed

text: The

text: first

text: comprehensive

text: theories

text: of

text: mountain

text: building

text: were

text: proposed

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: as

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: theories

text: of

text: earthquakes

text: and

text: volcanoes

text: Louis

text: Agassiz

text: and

text: others

text: established

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: continent

text: covering

text: ice

text: ages

text: and

text: fluvialists

text: like

text: Andrew

text: Crombie

text: Ramsay

text: argued

text: that

text: river

text: valleys

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: by

text: the

text: rivers

text: that

text: flow

text: through

text: them

text: After

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: radioactivity

text: radiometric

text: dating

text: methods

text: were

text: developed

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Alfred

text: Wegener

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: continental

text: drift

text: was

text: widely

text: dismissed

text: when

text: he

text: proposed

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: new

text: data

text: gathered

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: which

text: provided

text: a

text: plausible

text: mechanism

text: for

text: it

text: Plate

text: tectonics

text: also

text: provided

text: a

text: unified

text: explanation

text: for

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: seemingly

text: unrelated

text: geological

text: phenomena

text: Since

text: it

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: unifying

text: principle

text: in

text: geology

question: What changed about the way geology was implemented during the 19th century?

answer: shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed

text: shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed

question: The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?

answer: Louis Agassiz

text: Louis Agassiz

question: What group did Andrew Crombie Ramsay belong to?

answer: fluvialists

text: fluvialists

question: What did Ramsay believe about river valleys?

answer: were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them

text: were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them

question: What happened after radioactivity was realized?

answer: radiometric dating methods were developed

text: radiometric dating methods were developed


text: Football gameday traditions During home games, activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g. Zahm House's two-story banner). Traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the Drummers' Circle. This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of the Fighting Irish and ushers in the rest of the festivities that will continue the rest of the gameday Saturday. Later that day, the trumpet section will play the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater under the dome. The band entire will play a concert at the steps of Bond Hall, from where they will march into Notre Dame Stadium, leading fans and students alike across campus to the game.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Football

text: gameday

text: traditions

text: During

text: home

text: games

text: activities

text: occur

text: all

text: around

text: campus

text: and

text: different

text: dorms

text: decorate

text: their

text: halls

text: with

text: a

text: traditional

text: item

text: e.g.

text: Zahm

text: House

text: 's

text: two

text: story

text: banner

text: Traditional

text: activities

text: begin

text: at

text: the

text: stroke

text: of

text: midnight

text: with

text: the

text: Drummers

text: Circle

text: This

text: tradition

text: involves

text: the

text: drum

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Band

text: of

text: the

text: Fighting

text: Irish

text: and

text: ushers

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: festivities

text: that

text: will

text: continue

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: gameday

text: Saturday

text: Later

text: that

text: day

text: the

text: trumpet

text: section

text: will

text: play

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Victory

text: March

text: and

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Alma

text: Mater

text: under

text: the

text: dome

text: The

text: band

text: entire

text: will

text: play

text: a

text: concert

text: at

text: the

text: steps

text: of

text: Bond

text: Hall

text: from

text: where

text: they

text: will

text: march

text: into

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Stadium

text: leading

text: fans

text: and

text: students

text: alike

text: across

text: campus

text: to

text: the

text: game

question: What is displayed at Zahm House for football home games at Notre Dame?

answer: two-story banner

text: two-story banner

question: What occurs at midnight preceding a football home game at Notre Dame?

answer: the Drummers' Circle

text: the Drummers' Circle

question: From where does the Band of the Fighting Irish lead a march to the Notre Dame Stadium for football home games?

answer: the steps of Bond Hall

text: the steps of Bond Hall

question: What songs does the trumpet section of the Band of the Fighting Irish play preceding home football games?

answer: the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater

text: the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater

question: On what day do Notre Dame home football games occur?

answer: Saturday

text: Saturday


text: For the remaining years of Richard's reign, John supported his brother on the continent, apparently loyally. Richard's policy on the continent was to attempt to regain through steady, limited campaigns the castles he had lost to Philip II whilst on crusade. He allied himself with the leaders of Flanders, Boulogne and the Holy Roman Empire to apply pressure on Philip from Germany. In 1195 John successfully conducted a sudden attack and siege of Évreux castle, and subsequently managed the defences of Normandy against Philip. The following year, John seized the town of Gamaches and led a raiding party within 50 miles (80 km) of Paris, capturing the Bishop of Beauvais. In return for this service, Richard withdrew his malevolentia (ill-will) towards John, restored him to the county of Gloucestershire and made him again the Count of Mortain.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: For

text: the

text: remaining

text: years

text: of

text: Richard

text: 's

text: reign

text: John

text: supported

text: his

text: brother

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: apparently

text: loyally

text: Richard

text: 's

text: policy

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: was

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: regain

text: through

text: steady

text: limited

text: campaigns

text: the

text: castles

text: he

text: had

text: lost

text: to

text: Philip

text: II

text: whilst

text: on

text: crusade

text: He

text: allied

text: himself

text: with

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: Flanders

text: Boulogne

text: and

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: apply

text: pressure

text: on

text: Philip

text: from

text: Germany

text: In

text: John

text: successfully

text: conducted

text: a

text: sudden

text: attack

text: and

text: siege

text: of

text: Évreux

text: castle

text: and

text: subsequently

text: managed

text: the

text: defences

text: of

text: Normandy

text: against

text: Philip

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: John

text: seized

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Gamaches

text: and

text: led

text: a

text: raiding

text: party

text: within

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: Paris

text: capturing

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Beauvais

text: In

text: return

text: for

text: this

text: service

text: Richard

text: withdrew

text: his

text: malevolentia

text: ill

text: will

text: towards

text: John

text: restored

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Gloucestershire

text: and

text: made

text: him

text: again

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Mortain

question: Richard withdrew what towards John?

answer: malevolentia

text: malevolentia

question: Who was the Count of Mortain?

answer: John

text: John

question: When did John successfully conduct a sudden attack and siege of Evreux castle?

answer: 1195


text: Hayek also wrote that the state can play a role in the economy, and specifically, in creating a "safety net". He wrote, "There is no reason why, in a society which has reached the general level of wealth ours has, the first kind of security should not be guaranteed to all without endangering general freedom; that is: some minimum of food, shelter and clothing, sufficient to preserve health. Nor is there any reason why the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance in providing for those common hazards of life against which few can make adequate provision."

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: also

text: wrote

text: that

text: the

text: state

text: can

text: play

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: and

text: specifically

text: in

text: creating

text: a

text: safety

text: net

text: He

text: wrote

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: reason

text: why

text: in

text: a

text: society

text: which

text: has

text: reached

text: the

text: general

text: level

text: of

text: wealth

text: ours

text: has

text: the

text: first

text: kind

text: of

text: security

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: guaranteed

text: to

text: all

text: without

text: endangering

text: general

text: freedom

text: that

text: is

text: some

text: minimum

text: of

text: food

text: shelter

text: and

text: clothing

text: sufficient

text: to

text: preserve

text: health

text: Nor

text: is

text: there

text: any

text: reason

text: why

text: the

text: state

text: should

text: not

text: help

text: to

text: organize

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: system

text: of

text: social

text: insurance

text: in

text: providing

text: for

text: those

text: common

text: hazards

text: of

text: life

text: against

text: which

text: few

text: can

text: make

text: adequate

text: provision

question: Hayek believed the state could aid the economy by doing what?

answer: creating a "safety net"

text: creating a "safety net"

question: Who did Hayek say economic security should be guaranteed to?

answer: all

text: all

question: According to Hayek, clothing, food and shelter should be provided to what extent?

answer: sufficient to preserve health

text: sufficient to preserve health

question: What sort of system did Hayek propose the government create?

answer: social insurance

text: social insurance


text: With Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republican constitutional reform, both aiming for the benefit of China's economy and populace. With permission from Empress Dowager Longyu, Yuan Shikai began negotiating with Sun Yat-sen, who decided that his goal had been achieved in forming a republic, and that therefore he could allow Yuan to step into the position of President of the Republic of China.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: With

text: Zaifeng

text: gone

text: Yuan

text: Shikai

text: and

text: his

text: Beiyang

text: commanders

text: effectively

text: dominated

text: Qing

text: politics

text: He

text: reasoned

text: that

text: going

text: to

text: war

text: would

text: be

text: unreasonable

text: and

text: costly

text: especially

text: when

text: noting

text: that

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: had

text: a

text: goal

text: for

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: Similarly

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: 's

text: government

text: wanted

text: a

text: republican

text: constitutional

text: reform

text: both

text: aiming

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: economy

text: and

text: populace

text: With

text: permission

text: from

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Longyu

text: Yuan

text: Shikai

text: began

text: negotiating

text: with

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: who

text: decided

text: that

text: his

text: goal

text: had

text: been

text: achieved

text: in

text: forming

text: a

text: republic

text: and

text: that

text: therefore

text: he

text: could

text: allow

text: Yuan

text: to

text: step

text: into

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

question: Who led the Qing?

answer: Yuan Shikai

text: Yuan Shikai

question: Who negotiated with Yuan Shikai to prevent war?

answer: Sun Yat-sen

text: Sun Yat-sen

question: Who led the Republic of China?

answer: Sun Yat-sen,

text: Sun Yat-sen,

question: Who became the President?

answer: Yuan

text: Yuan


text: Within the world's Jewish population there are distinct ethnic divisions, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, and subsequent independent evolutions. An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another, resulting in effective and often long-term isolation. During the millennia of the Jewish diaspora the communities would develop under the influence of their local environments: political, cultural, natural, and populational. Today, manifestations of these differences among the Jews can be observed in Jewish cultural expressions of each community, including Jewish linguistic diversity, culinary preferences, liturgical practices, religious interpretations, as well as degrees and sources of genetic admixture.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Within

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Jewish

text: population

text: there

text: are

text: distinct

text: ethnic

text: divisions

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: primarily

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: geographic

text: branching

text: from

text: an

text: originating

text: Israelite

text: population

text: and

text: subsequent

text: independent

text: evolutions

text: An

text: array

text: of

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: Jewish

text: settlers

text: in

text: various

text: places

text: around

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: often

text: at

text: great

text: distances

text: from

text: one

text: another

text: resulting

text: in

text: effective

text: and

text: often

text: long

text: term

text: isolation

text: During

text: the

text: millennia

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: diaspora

text: the

text: communities

text: would

text: develop

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: their

text: local

text: environments

text: political

text: cultural

text: natural

text: and

text: populational

text: Today

text: manifestations

text: of

text: these

text: differences

text: among

text: the

text: Jews

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: in

text: Jewish

text: cultural

text: expressions

text: of

text: each

text: community

text: including

text: Jewish

text: linguistic

text: diversity

text: culinary

text: preferences

text: liturgical

text: practices

text: religious

text: interpretations

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: degrees

text: and

text: sources

text: of

text: genetic

text: admixture

question: What resulted in effective and long-term isolation of Jewish communities?

answer: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another

text: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another

question: Name one way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?

answer: religious interpretations

text: religious interpretations

question: Name another way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?

answer: culinary preferences

text: culinary preferences


text: Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main religions are African traditional religions and Islam; there is a Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) minority. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Only

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: Portuguese

text: established

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: colonial

text: period

text: Almost

text: half

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: Crioulo

text: a

text: Portuguese

text: based

text: creole

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: remainder

text: speak

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: native

text: African

text: languages

text: The

text: main

text: religions

text: are

text: African

text: traditional

text: religions

text: and

text: Islam

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: Christian

text: mostly

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: minority

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: per

text: capita

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?

answer: 14%

question: What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?

answer: 44%

question: What are the two main religions?

answer: African traditional religions and Islam

text: African traditional religions and Islam

question: What is their gross domestic product status?

answer: one of the lowest in the world

text: one of the lowest in the world

question: What is the minority religion?

answer: Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)

text: Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)


text: The departures of Núñez and van Gaal were hardly noticed by the fans when compared to that of Luís Figo, then club vice-captain. Figo had become a cult hero, and was considered by Catalans to be one of their own. However, Barcelona fans were distraught by Figo's decision to join arch-rivals Real Madrid, and, during subsequent visits to the Camp Nou, Figo was given an extremely hostile reception. Upon his first return, a piglet's head and a full bottle of whiskey were thrown at him from the crowd. The next three years saw the club in decline, and managers came and went. van Gaal was replaced by Llorenç Serra Ferrer who, despite an extensive investment in players in the summer of 2000, presided over a mediocre league campaign and a humiliating first-round Champions League exit, and was eventually dismissed late in the season. Long-serving coach Carles Rexach was appointed as his replacement, initially on a temporary basis, and managed to at least steer the club to the last Champions League spot on the final day of the season. Despite better form in La Liga and a good run to the semi-finals of the Champions League, Rexach was never viewed as a long-term solution and that summer Louis van Gaal returned to the club for a second spell as manager. What followed, despite another decent Champions League performance, was one of the worst La Liga campaigns in the club's history, with the team as low as 15th in February 2003. This led to van Gaal's resignation and replacement for the rest of the campaign by Radomir Antić, though a sixth-place finish was the best that he could manage. At the end of the season, Antić's short-term contract was not renewed, and club president Joan Gaspart resigned, his position having been made completely untenable by such a disastrous season on top of the club's overall decline in fortunes since he became president three years prior.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: The

text: departures

text: of

text: Núñez

text: and

text: van

text: Gaal

text: were

text: hardly

text: noticed

text: by

text: the

text: fans

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Luís

text: Figo

text: then

text: club

text: vice

text: captain

text: Figo

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: cult

text: hero

text: and

text: was

text: considered

text: by

text: Catalans

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: However

text: Barcelona

text: fans

text: were

text: distraught

text: by

text: Figo

text: 's

text: decision

text: to

text: join

text: arch

text: rivals

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: and

text: during

text: subsequent

text: visits

text: to

text: the

text: Camp

text: Nou

text: Figo

text: was

text: given

text: an

text: extremely

text: hostile

text: reception

text: Upon

text: his

text: first

text: return

text: a

text: piglet

text: 's

text: head

text: and

text: a

text: full

text: bottle

text: of

text: whiskey

text: were

text: thrown

text: at

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: crowd

text: The

text: next

text: three

text: years

text: saw

text: the

text: club

text: in

text: decline

text: and

text: managers

text: came

text: and

text: went

text: van

text: Gaal

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Llorenç

text: Serra

text: Ferrer

text: who

text: despite

text: an

text: extensive

text: investment

text: in

text: players

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: presided

text: over

text: a

text: mediocre

text: league

text: campaign

text: and

text: a

text: humiliating

text: first

text: round

text: Champions

text: League

text: exit

text: and

text: was

text: eventually

text: dismissed

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: Long

text: serving

text: coach

text: Carles

text: Rexach

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: his

text: replacement

text: initially

text: on

text: a

text: temporary

text: basis

text: and

text: managed

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: steer

text: the

text: club

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: Champions

text: League

text: spot

text: on

text: the

text: final

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: Despite

text: better

text: form

text: in

text: La

text: Liga

text: and

text: a

text: good

text: run

text: to

text: the

text: semi

text: finals

text: of

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: Rexach

text: was

text: never

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: solution

text: and

text: that

text: summer

text: Louis

text: van

text: Gaal

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: club

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: spell

text: as

text: manager

text: What

text: followed

text: despite

text: another

text: decent

text: Champions

text: League

text: performance

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: La

text: Liga

text: campaigns

text: in

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: history

text: with

text: the

text: team

text: as

text: low

text: as

text: in

text: February

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: van

text: Gaal

text: 's

text: resignation

text: and

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: campaign

text: by

text: Radomir

text: Antić

text: though

text: a

text: sixth

text: place

text: finish

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: manage

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: Antić

text: 's

text: short

text: term

text: contract

text: was

text: not

text: renewed

text: and

text: club

text: president

text: Joan

text: Gaspart

text: resigned

text: his

text: position

text: having

text: been

text: made

text: completely

text: untenable

text: by

text: such

text: a

text: disastrous

text: season

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: overall

text: decline

text: in

text: fortunes

text: since

text: he

text: became

text: president

text: three

text: years

text: prior

question: What team did favorite play Luis Figo leave Barcelona to join?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: What kind of treatment was Figo offered during visits to Barcelona?

answer: hostile

text: hostile

question: After Figo's departure what happened the next three years?

answer: decline

text: decline

question: What rank was club Barcelona in 2003?

answer: 15th

question: After Barcelona's poor showing in the 2003 season , who resigned from the presidency?

answer: Joan Gaspart

text: Joan Gaspart


text: Midway proved to be the last great naval battle for two years. The United States used the ensuing period to turn its vast industrial potential into increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew. At the same time, Japan, lacking an adequate industrial base or technological strategy, a good aircrew training program, or adequate naval resources and commerce defense, fell further and further behind. In strategic terms the Allies began a long movement across the Pacific, seizing one island base after another. Not every Japanese stronghold had to be captured; some, like Truk, Rabaul, and Formosa, were neutralized by air attack and bypassed. The goal was to get close to Japan itself, then launch massive strategic air attacks, improve the submarine blockade, and finally (only if necessary) execute an invasion.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Midway

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: great

text: naval

text: battle

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: used

text: the

text: ensuing

text: period

text: to

text: turn

text: its

text: vast

text: industrial

text: potential

text: into

text: increased

text: numbers

text: of

text: ships

text: planes

text: and

text: trained

text: aircrew

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Japan

text: lacking

text: an

text: adequate

text: industrial

text: base

text: or

text: technological

text: strategy

text: a

text: good

text: aircrew

text: training

text: program

text: or

text: adequate

text: naval

text: resources

text: and

text: commerce

text: defense

text: fell

text: further

text: and

text: further

text: behind

text: In

text: strategic

text: terms

text: the

text: Allies

text: began

text: a

text: long

text: movement

text: across

text: the

text: Pacific

text: seizing

text: one

text: island

text: base

text: after

text: another

text: Not

text: every

text: Japanese

text: stronghold

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: captured

text: some

text: like

text: Truk

text: Rabaul

text: and

text: Formosa

text: were

text: neutralized

text: by

text: air

text: attack

text: and

text: bypassed

text: The

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: get

text: close

text: to

text: Japan

text: itself

text: then

text: launch

text: massive

text: strategic

text: air

text: attacks

text: improve

text: the

text: submarine

text: blockade

text: and

text: finally

text: only

text: if

text: necessary

text: execute

text: an

text: invasion

question: What did the United States turn it's industry to in the two years folloing the Battle of Midway?

answer: increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew

text: increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew

question: How were the bypassed Japanese strongholds neutralized?

answer: air attack

text: air attack

question: What blockade against Japan  was to be improved on?

answer: submarine blockade

text: submarine blockade