text: The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: British

text: for

text: their

text: part

text: lacked

text: both

text: a

text: unified

text: command

text: and

text: a

text: clear

text: strategy

text: for

text: winning

text: With

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: capture

text: coastal

text: cities

text: but

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: countryside

text: eluded

text: them

text: A

text: British

text: sortie

text: from

text: Canada

text: in

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: disastrous

text: surrender

text: of

text: a

text: British

text: army

text: at

text: Saratoga

text: With

text: the

text: coming

text: in

text: of

text: General

text: von

text: Steuben

text: the

text: training

text: and

text: discipline

text: along

text: Prussian

text: lines

text: began

text: and

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: began

text: to

text: evolve

text: into

text: a

text: modern

text: force

text: France

text: and

text: Spain

text: then

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: Great

text: Britain

text: as

text: Allies

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: ending

text: its

text: naval

text: advantage

text: and

text: escalating

text: the

text: conflict

text: into

text: a

text: world

text: war

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: later

text: joined

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: outnumbered

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: sea

text: in

text: a

text: world

text: war

text: as

text: they

text: had

text: no

text: major

text: allies

text: apart

text: from

text: Indian

text: tribes

question: What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War?

answer: Saratoga

text: Saratoga

question: When was the battle of Saratoga fought?

answer: 1777

question: What Prussian expatriate helped train the Continental army?

answer: General von Steuben

text: General von Steuben

question: What two European countries entered the Revolutionary War against Britain?

answer: France and Spain

text: France and Spain

question: What advantage did Britain lose when the European countries entered the war?

answer: its naval advantage

text: its naval advantage


text: Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialties within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education and classroom management. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks (Lucas, Blazek, & Raley, 2006).

title: Education

title: Education

text: Educational

text: psychology

text: can

text: in

text: part

text: be

text: understood

text: through

text: its

text: relationship

text: with

text: other

text: disciplines

text: It

text: is

text: informed

text: primarily

text: by

text: psychology

text: bearing

text: a

text: relationship

text: to

text: that

text: discipline

text: analogous

text: to

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: medicine

text: and

text: biology

text: Educational

text: psychology

text: in

text: turn

text: informs

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: specialties

text: within

text: educational

text: studies

text: including

text: instructional

text: design

text: educational

text: technology

text: curriculum

text: development

text: organizational

text: learning

text: special

text: education

text: and

text: classroom

text: management

text: Educational

text: psychology

text: both

text: draws

text: from

text: and

text: contributes

text: to

text: cognitive

text: science

text: and

text: the

text: learning

text: sciences

text: In

text: universities

text: departments

text: of

text: educational

text: psychology

text: are

text: usually

text: housed

text: within

text: faculties

text: of

text: education

text: possibly

text: accounting

text: for

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: representation

text: of

text: educational

text: psychology

text: content

text: in

text: introductory

text: psychology

text: textbooks

text: Lucas

text: Blazek

text: Raley

question: How can Educational psychology in part be understood?

answer: through its relationship with other disciplines

text: through its relationship with other disciplines

question: How is the method of educational psychology have some relation to medicine and biology?

answer: discipline analogous

text: discipline analogous

question: Where does education psychology draw from?

answer: contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences

text: contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences

question: In universities where are the departments of educational psychology normally held?

answer: faculties of education

text: faculties of education


text: Mechanically scanned, 30-line television broadcasts by John Logie Baird began in 1929, using the BBC transmitter in London, and by 1930 a regular schedule of programmes was transmitted from the BBC antenna in Brookmans Park. Television production was switched from Baird's company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 August 1932, and continued until September 1935. Regularly scheduled electronically scanned television began from Alexandra Palace in London on 2 November 1936, to just a few hundred viewers in the immediate area. The first programme broadcast – and thus the first ever, on a dedicated TV channel – was "Opening of the BBC Television Service" at 15:00. The first major outside broadcast was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in May 1937. The service was reaching an estimated 25,000–40,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939. The VHF broadcasts would have provided an ideal radio beacon for German bombers homing in on London, and the engineers and technicians of the service would be needed for the war effort, in particular the radar programme.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: Mechanically

text: scanned

text: television

text: broadcasts

text: by

text: John

text: Logie

text: Baird

text: began

text: in

text: using

text: the

text: BBC

text: transmitter

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: by

text: a

text: regular

text: schedule

text: of

text: programmes

text: was

text: transmitted

text: from

text: the

text: BBC

text: antenna

text: in

text: Brookmans

text: Park

text: Television

text: production

text: was

text: switched

text: from

text: Baird

text: 's

text: company

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: BBC

text: One

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: continued

text: until

text: September

text: Regularly

text: scheduled

text: electronically

text: scanned

text: television

text: began

text: from

text: Alexandra

text: Palace

text: in

text: London

text: on

text: November

text: to

text: just

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: viewers

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: area

text: The

text: first

text: programme

text: broadcast

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: on

text: a

text: dedicated

text: TV

text: channel

text: was

text: Opening

text: of

text: the

text: BBC

text: Television

text: Service

text: at

text: The

text: first

text: major

text: outside

text: broadcast

text: was

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: King

text: George

text: VI

text: and

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: in

text: May

text: The

text: service

text: was

text: reaching

text: an

text: estimated

text: homes

text: before

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: which

text: caused

text: the

text: service

text: to

text: be

text: suspended

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: VHF

text: broadcasts

text: would

text: have

text: provided

text: an

text: ideal

text: radio

text: beacon

text: for

text: German

text: bombers

text: homing

text: in

text: on

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: engineers

text: and

text: technicians

text: of

text: the

text: service

text: would

text: be

text: needed

text: for

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: radar

text: programme

question: Where was the BBC's transmitter located in 1930?

answer: Brookmans Park

text: Brookmans Park

question: When did the BBC start broadcasting under the name BBC One?

answer: 2 August 1932

text: 2 August 1932

question: What was the title of the first show seen on the BBC?

answer: Opening of the BBC Television Service

text: Opening of the BBC Television Service

question: Which members of British royalty were seen on the BBC in May of 1937?

answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

text: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

question: When did the BBC cease broadcasts due to World War II?

answer: September 1939

text: September 1939


text: In Arthurian legend, Avalon became associated with Glastonbury Tor when monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of King Arthur and his queen. What is more certain is that Glastonbury was an important religious centre by 700 and claims to be "the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World" situated "in the mystical land of Avalon." The claim is based on dating the founding of the community of monks at AD 63, the year of the legendary visit of Joseph of Arimathea, who was supposed to have brought the Holy Grail. During the Middle Ages there were also important religious sites at Woodspring Priory and Muchelney Abbey. The present Diocese of Bath and Wells covers Somerset – with the exception of the Parish of Abbots Leigh with Leigh Woods in North Somerset – and a small area of Dorset. The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey. Before the English Reformation, it was a Roman Catholic diocese; the county now falls within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton. The Benedictine monastery Saint Gregory's Abbey, commonly known as Downside Abbey, is at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, and the ruins of the former Cistercian Cleeve Abbey are near the village of Washford.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: In

text: Arthurian

text: legend

text: Avalon

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: Glastonbury

text: Tor

text: when

text: monks

text: at

text: Glastonbury

text: Abbey

text: claimed

text: to

text: have

text: discovered

text: the

text: bones

text: of

text: King

text: Arthur

text: and

text: his

text: queen

text: What

text: is

text: more

text: certain

text: is

text: that

text: Glastonbury

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: religious

text: centre

text: by

text: and

text: claims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: above

text: ground

text: Christian

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: mystical

text: land

text: of

text: Avalon

text: The

text: claim

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: dating

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: of

text: monks

text: at

text: AD

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: visit

text: of

text: Joseph

text: of

text: Arimathea

text: who

text: was

text: supposed

text: to

text: have

text: brought

text: the

text: Holy

text: Grail

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: there

text: were

text: also

text: important

text: religious

text: sites

text: at

text: Woodspring

text: Priory

text: and

text: Muchelney

text: Abbey

text: The

text: present

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Bath

text: and

text: Wells

text: covers

text: Somerset

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Parish

text: of

text: Abbots

text: Leigh

text: with

text: Leigh

text: Woods

text: in

text: North

text: Somerset

text: and

text: a

text: small

text: area

text: of

text: Dorset

text: The

text: Episcopal

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Bath

text: and

text: Wells

text: is

text: now

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: Church

text: of

text: Saint

text: Andrew

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Wells

text: having

text: previously

text: been

text: at

text: Bath

text: Abbey

text: Before

text: the

text: English

text: Reformation

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: diocese

text: the

text: county

text: now

text: falls

text: within

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Clifton

text: The

text: Benedictine

text: monastery

text: Saint

text: Gregory

text: 's

text: Abbey

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Downside

text: Abbey

text: is

text: at

text: Stratton

text: on

text: the

text: Fosse

text: and

text: the

text: ruins

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Cistercian

text: Cleeve

text: Abbey

text: are

text: near

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Washford

question: What does Artharian legend claim about Glastonbury

answer: Avalon became associated with Glastonbury Tor when monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of King Arthur and his queen

text: Avalon became associated with Glastonbury Tor when monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of King Arthur and his queen

question: What is built in Avalon

answer: the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World" situated "in the mystical land of Avalon

text: the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World" situated "in the mystical land of Avalon

question: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop is now where

answer: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey

text: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey

question: Where is St Greggorys abbey

answer: is at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, and the ruins of the former Cistercian Cleeve Abbey are near the village of Washford

text: is at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, and the ruins of the former Cistercian Cleeve Abbey are near the village of Washford


text: Non-academic alumni: Author, H. G. Wells, McLaren and Ferrari Chief Designer, Nicholas Tombazis, CEO of Rolls Royce, Ralph Robins, rock band Queen, Brian May, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chew Choon Seng, Prime Minister of New Zealand, Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Teo Chee Hean, Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Liam Donaldson, Head Physician to the Queen, Huw Thomas, CEO of Moonfruit, Wendy Tan White, Businessman and philanthropist, Winston Wong, billionaire hedge fund manager Alan Howard.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: Non

text: academic

text: alumni

text: Author

text: H.

text: G.

text: Wells

text: McLaren

text: and

text: Ferrari

text: Chief

text: Designer

text: Nicholas

text: Tombazis

text: CEO

text: of

text: Rolls

text: Royce

text: Ralph

text: Robins

text: rock

text: band

text: Queen

text: Brian

text: May

text: CEO

text: of

text: Singapore

text: Airlines

text: Chew

text: Choon

text: Seng

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Julius

text: Vogel

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: India

text: Rajiv

text: Gandhi

text: Deputy

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Singapore

text: Teo

text: Chee

text: Hean

text: Chief

text: Medical

text: Officer

text: for

text: England

text: Sir

text: Liam

text: Donaldson

text: Head

text: Physician

text: to

text: the

text: Queen

text: Huw

text: Thomas

text: CEO

text: of

text: Moonfruit

text: Wendy

text: Tan

text: White

text: Businessman

text: and

text: philanthropist

text: Winston

text: Wong

text: billionaire

text: hedge

text: fund

text: manager

text: Alan

text: Howard

question: Which famous automobile designer is considered a non - academic alumni?

answer: Nicholas Tombazis

text: Nicholas Tombazis

question: Which famous author is considered an alumni for Imperial?

answer: H. G. Wells

text: H. G. Wells

question: Which airline's CEO can be called a non - academic alumni of Imperial?

answer: Singapore Airlines

text: Singapore Airlines

question: Which incredibly prestigious position did Huw Thomas hold?

answer: Head Physician to the Queen

text: Head Physician to the Queen

question: Which hedge fund manager with a networth of over a billion is considered an alumni?

answer: Alan Howard

text: Alan Howard


text: Seattle in this period attracted widespread attention as home to these many companies, but also by hosting the 1990 Goodwill Games and the APEC leaders conference in 1993, as well as through the worldwide popularity of grunge, a sound that had developed in Seattle's independent music scene. Another bid for worldwide attention—hosting the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999—garnered visibility, but not in the way its sponsors desired, as related protest activity and police reactions to those protests overshadowed the conference itself. The city was further shaken by the Mardi Gras Riots in 2001, and then literally shaken the following day by the Nisqually earthquake.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: attracted

text: widespread

text: attention

text: as

text: home

text: to

text: these

text: many

text: companies

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: hosting

text: the

text: Goodwill

text: Games

text: and

text: the

text: APEC

text: leaders

text: conference

text: in

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: through

text: the

text: worldwide

text: popularity

text: of

text: grunge

text: a

text: sound

text: that

text: had

text: developed

text: in

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: independent

text: music

text: scene

text: Another

text: bid

text: for

text: worldwide

text: attention

text: hosting

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: Ministerial

text: Conference

text: of

text: visibility

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: its

text: sponsors

text: desired

text: as

text: related

text: protest

text: activity

text: and

text: police

text: reactions

text: to

text: those

text: protests

text: overshadowed

text: the

text: conference

text: itself

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: further

text: shaken

text: by

text: the

text: Mardi

text: Gras

text: Riots

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: literally

text: shaken

text: the

text: following

text: day

text: by

text: the

text: Nisqually

text: earthquake

question: What sporting event did Seattle sponsor in 1990?

answer: Goodwill Games

text: Goodwill Games

question: What was the geologic event that followed the Mardi Gras Riots in2001?

answer: Nisqually earthquake

text: Nisqually earthquake

question: What is Seattle's musical genre developed in the 1990s?

answer: grunge

text: grunge

question: When did Seattle offer the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference?

answer: 1999

question: What caused bad press during the conference protests in Seattle?

answer: police reactions

text: police reactions


text: The high-speed observation deck elevators accelerate to a world-record certified speed of 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds, and then it slows down for arrival with subtle air pressure sensations. The door opens after 37 seconds from the 5th floor. Special features include aerodynamic car and counterweights, and cabin pressure control to help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes. The downwards journey is completed at a reduced speed of 600 meters per minute, with the doors opening at the 52nd second.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: The

text: high

text: speed

text: observation

text: deck

text: elevators

text: accelerate

text: to

text: a

text: world

text: record

text: certified

text: speed

text: of

text: metres

text: per

text: minute

text: km

text: h

text: in

text: seconds

text: and

text: then

text: it

text: slows

text: down

text: for

text: arrival

text: with

text: subtle

text: air

text: pressure

text: sensations

text: The

text: door

text: opens

text: after

text: seconds

text: from

text: the

text: floor

text: Special

text: features

text: include

text: aerodynamic

text: car

text: and

text: counterweights

text: and

text: cabin

text: pressure

text: control

text: to

text: help

text: passengers

text: adapt

text: smoothly

text: to

text: pressure

text: changes

text: The

text: downwards

text: journey

text: is

text: completed

text: at

text: a

text: reduced

text: speed

text: of

text: meters

text: per

text: minute

text: with

text: the

text: doors

text: opening

text: at

text: the

text: second

question: How fast do the observation deck elevators travel?

answer: 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds

text: 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds

question: This speed holds what record?

answer: world-record certified speed

text: world-record certified speed

question: What does cabin pressure control do?

answer: help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes

text: help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes

question: How fast does the elevator drop down?

answer: 600 meters per minute

text: 600 meters per minute

question: At what floor do the doors open on the way down?

answer: 52nd


text: "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour".

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: New

text: Labour

text: was

text: first

text: termed

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: branding

text: for

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: dating

text: from

text: a

text: conference

text: slogan

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: seen

text: in

text: a

text: draft

text: manifesto

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: called

text: New

text: Labour

text: New

text: Life

text: For

text: Britain

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: trend

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Neil

text: Kinnock

text: New

text: Labour

text: as

text: a

text: name

text: has

text: no

text: official

text: status

text: but

text: remains

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: to

text: distinguish

text: modernisers

text: from

text: those

text: holding

text: to

text: more

text: traditional

text: positions

text: normally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Old

text: Labour

question: What was the other name for the Labout Party?

answer: "New Labour"

text: "New Labour"

question: When was this branding first used?

answer: 1994

question: When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?

answer: 1996

question: What was this manifesto called?

answer: New Labour, New Life For Britain

text: New Labour, New Life For Britain


text: Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Large

text: scale

text: climatic

text: changes

text: as

text: have

text: been

text: experienced

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: timing

text: of

text: migration

text: Studies

text: have

text: shown

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: effects

text: including

text: timing

text: changes

text: in

text: migration

text: breeding

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: population

text: variations

question: What is expected to have an effect on migration timing?

answer: climatic changes

text: climatic changes

question: What have studies shown regarding climate change?

answer: timing changes in migration

text: timing changes in migration

question: What else is climate change been shown to change?

answer: breeding as well as population variations

text: breeding as well as population variations


text: In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (La Hoguette). Among the earliest cultural complexes of this area are the Sesklo culture in Thessaly, which later expanded in the Balkans giving rise to Starčevo-Körös (Cris), Linearbandkeramik, and Vinča. Through a combination of cultural diffusion and migration of peoples, the Neolithic traditions spread west and northwards to reach northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC. The Vinča culture may have created the earliest system of writing, the Vinča signs, though archaeologist Shan Winn believes they most likely represented pictograms and ideograms rather than a truly developed form of writing. The Cucuteni-Trypillian culture built enormous settlements in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine from 5300 to 2300 BC. The megalithic temple complexes of Ġgantija on the Mediterranean island of Gozo (in the Maltese archipelago) and of Mnajdra (Malta) are notable for their gigantic Neolithic structures, the oldest of which date back to c. 3600 BC. The Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni, Paola, Malta, is a subterranean structure excavated c. 2500 BC; originally a sanctuary, it became a necropolis, the only prehistoric underground temple in the world, and showing a degree of artistry in stone sculpture unique in prehistory to the Maltese islands. After 2500 BC, the Maltese Islands were depopulated for several decades until the arrival of a new influx of Bronze Age immigrants, a culture that cremated its dead and introduced smaller megalithic structures called dolmens to Malta. In most cases there are small chambers here, with the cover made of a large slab placed on upright stones. They are claimed to belong to a population certainly different from that which built the previous megalithic temples. It is presumed the population arrived from Sicily because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens to some small constructions found in the largest island of the Mediterranean sea.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: In

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: agrarian

text: societies

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: attested

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: farming

text: sites

text: of

text: Europe

text: discovered

text: in

text: Vashtëmi

text: southeastern

text: Albania

text: and

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: BC

text: Anthropomorphic

text: figurines

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: from

text: BC

text: and

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: by

text: c.

text: BC

text: La

text: Hoguette

text: Among

text: the

text: earliest

text: cultural

text: complexes

text: of

text: this

text: area

text: are

text: the

text: Sesklo

text: culture

text: in

text: Thessaly

text: which

text: later

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: Starčevo

text: Körös

text: Cris

text: Linearbandkeramik

text: and

text: Vinča

text: Through

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: cultural

text: diffusion

text: and

text: migration

text: of

text: peoples

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: traditions

text: spread

text: west

text: and

text: northwards

text: to

text: reach

text: northwestern

text: Europe

text: by

text: around

text: BC

text: The

text: Vinča

text: culture

text: may

text: have

text: created

text: the

text: earliest

text: system

text: of

text: writing

text: the

text: Vinča

text: signs

text: though

text: archaeologist

text: Shan

text: Winn

text: believes

text: they

text: most

text: likely

text: represented

text: pictograms

text: and

text: ideograms

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: truly

text: developed

text: form

text: of

text: writing

text: The

text: Cucuteni

text: Trypillian

text: culture

text: built

text: enormous

text: settlements

text: in

text: Romania

text: Moldova

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: The

text: megalithic

text: temple

text: complexes

text: of

text: Ġgantija

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: island

text: of

text: Gozo

text: in

text: the

text: Maltese

text: archipelago

text: and

text: of

text: Mnajdra

text: Malta

text: are

text: notable

text: for

text: their

text: gigantic

text: Neolithic

text: structures

text: the

text: oldest

text: of

text: which

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: c.

text: BC

text: The

text: Hypogeum

text: of

text: Ħal

text: Saflieni

text: Paola

text: Malta

text: is

text: a

text: subterranean

text: structure

text: excavated

text: c.

text: BC

text: originally

text: a

text: sanctuary

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: necropolis

text: the

text: only

text: prehistoric

text: underground

text: temple

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: showing

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: artistry

text: in

text: stone

text: sculpture

text: unique

text: in

text: prehistory

text: to

text: the

text: Maltese

text: islands

text: After

text: BC

text: the

text: Maltese

text: Islands

text: were

text: depopulated

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: influx

text: of

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: immigrants

text: a

text: culture

text: that

text: cremated

text: its

text: dead

text: and

text: introduced

text: smaller

text: megalithic

text: structures

text: called

text: dolmens

text: to

text: Malta

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: there

text: are

text: small

text: chambers

text: here

text: with

text: the

text: cover

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: slab

text: placed

text: on

text: upright

text: stones

text: They

text: are

text: claimed

text: to

text: belong

text: to

text: a

text: population

text: certainly

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: which

text: built

text: the

text: previous

text: megalithic

text: temples

text: It

text: is

text: presumed

text: the

text: population

text: arrived

text: from

text: Sicily

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: similarity

text: of

text: Maltese

text: dolmens

text: to

text: some

text: small

text: constructions

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: sea

question: When did agrarian societies start to arise in Southeast Europe?

answer: 7th millennium BC

text: 7th millennium BC

question: Where was one of earliest farming sites in Europe found?

answer: Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania

text: Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania

question: What type of sculptures were found in the Balkans from 6000 BC?

answer: Anthropomorphic figurines

text: Anthropomorphic figurines

question: What trend led to Neolithic traditions spreading to northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC?

answer: cultural diffusion and migration of peoples

text: cultural diffusion and migration of peoples

question: Who possibly created the earliest system of writing?

answer: The Vinča culture

text: The Vinča culture


text: Other local colleges and universities include Concordia University Ann Arbor, a Lutheran liberal-arts institution; a campus of the University of Phoenix; and Cleary University, a private business school. Washtenaw Community College is located in neighboring Ann Arbor Township. In 2000, the Ave Maria School of Law, a Roman Catholic law school established by Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan, opened in northeastern Ann Arbor, but the school moved to Ave Maria, Florida in 2009, and the Thomas M. Cooley Law School acquired the former Ave Maria buildings for use as a branch campus.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Other

text: local

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: include

text: Concordia

text: University

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: a

text: Lutheran

text: liberal

text: arts

text: institution

text: a

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Phoenix

text: and

text: Cleary

text: University

text: a

text: private

text: business

text: school

text: Washtenaw

text: Community

text: College

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: neighboring

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Township

text: In

text: the

text: Ave

text: Maria

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: law

text: school

text: established

text: by

text: Domino

text: 's

text: Pizza

text: founder

text: Tom

text: Monaghan

text: opened

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: but

text: the

text: school

text: moved

text: to

text: Ave

text: Maria

text: Florida

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Thomas

text: M.

text: Cooley

text: Law

text: School

text: acquired

text: the

text: former

text: Ave

text: Maria

text: buildings

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: branch

text: campus

question: Name a private business school located in Ann arbor.

answer: Cleary University

text: Cleary University

question: Who founded Domino's pizza?

answer: Tom Monaghan

text: Tom Monaghan

question: Which school acquired the former Ave Maria building after a Roman catholic school moved from there?

answer: Thomas M. Cooley Law School

text: Thomas M. Cooley Law School


text: Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Throughout

text: its

text: history

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: major

text: port

text: of

text: entry

text: for

text: immigrants

text: into

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: European

text: immigrants

text: were

text: received

text: at

text: Ellis

text: Island

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: term

text: melting

text: pot

text: was

text: first

text: coined

text: to

text: describe

text: densely

text: populated

text: immigrant

text: neighborhoods

text: on

text: the

text: Lower

text: East

text: Side

text: By

text: Germans

text: constituted

text: the

text: largest

text: immigrant

text: group

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Irish

text: Jews

text: and

text: Italians

text: In

text: whites

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

question: How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924?

answer: 12 million

text: 12 million

question: 'Melting pot' was first used to describe neighborhoods in what area of the city?

answer: Lower East Side

text: Lower East Side

question: What ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century?

answer: Germans

text: Germans

question: What percentage of the population was Caucasian in 1940?

answer: 92%

question: What was the ethnicity of the second largest group of immigrants in 1900?

answer: Irish

text: Irish

question: Between 1892-1924, how many immigrants came through Ellis Island?

answer: more than 12 million

text: more than 12 million

question: In the year 1942, what percentage of white Americans made up New York City?

answer: 92


text: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "Rational Clinical Examination Series" quantified the importance of increased pain as an indicator of infection. The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11-20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64-0.88).

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Because

text: it

text: is

text: normal

text: to

text: have

text: bacterial

text: colonization

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: know

text: which

text: chronic

text: wounds

text: are

text: infected

text: Despite

text: the

text: huge

text: number

text: of

text: wounds

text: seen

text: in

text: clinical

text: practice

text: there

text: are

text: limited

text: quality

text: data

text: for

text: evaluated

text: symptoms

text: and

text: signs

text: A

text: review

text: of

text: chronic

text: wounds

text: in

text: the

text: Journal

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Medical

text: Association

text: 's

text: Rational

text: Clinical

text: Examination

text: Series

text: quantified

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: increased

text: pain

text: as

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: infection

text: The

text: review

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: useful

text: finding

text: is

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: pain

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: LR

text: range

text: makes

text: infection

text: much

text: more

text: likely

text: but

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: pain

text: negative

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: range

text: does

text: not

text: rule

text: out

text: infection

text: summary

text: LR

question: Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected?

answer: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization

text: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization

question: What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?

answer: symptoms and signs

text: symptoms and signs

question: What is increased pain an indicator of?

answer: infection

text: infection

question: What does not rule out infection?

answer: absence of pain

text: absence of pain


text: In France, the established men of letters (gens de lettres) had fused with the elites (les grands) of French society by the mid-18th century. This led to the creation of an oppositional literary sphere, Grub Street, the domain of a "multitude of versifiers and would-be authors". These men came to London to become authors, only to discover that the literary market simply could not support large numbers of writers, who, in any case, were very poorly remunerated by the publishing-bookselling guilds.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: In

text: France

text: the

text: established

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: gens

text: de

text: lettres

text: had

text: fused

text: with

text: the

text: elites

text: les

text: grands

text: of

text: French

text: society

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: oppositional

text: literary

text: sphere

text: Grub

text: Street

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: versifiers

text: and

text: would

text: be

text: authors

text: These

text: men

text: came

text: to

text: London

text: to

text: become

text: authors

text: only

text: to

text: discover

text: that

text: the

text: literary

text: market

text: simply

text: could

text: not

text: support

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: writers

text: who

text: in

text: any

text: case

text: were

text: very

text: poorly

text: remunerated

text: by

text: the

text: publishing

text: bookselling

text: guilds

question: By what century in France had the men of letters fused with the elites?

answer: mid-18th century

text: mid-18th century

question: What was the term for the oppositional literary sphere of a "multitude of versifiers and would-be-authors"?

answer: Grub Street

text: Grub Street

question: Could the London market support the large numbers of writers that were emerging?

answer: not

text: not

question: Were men travelling to London to become authors paid well or poorly by the publishing-bookselling guilds?

answer: very poorly

text: very poorly


text: The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: The

text: free

text: trade

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: received

text: a

text: strong

text: augmentation

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: effective

text: stock

text: market

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: has

text: the

text: oldest

text: stock

text: exchange

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: While

text: Rotterdam

text: has

text: the

text: oldest

text: bourse

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: stock

text: exchange

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: went

text: public

text: in

text: six

text: different

text: cities

text: Later

text: a

text: court

text: ruled

text: that

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: to

text: reside

text: legally

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: city

text: so

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: oldest

text: such

text: institution

text: based

text: on

text: modern

text: trading

text: principles

text: While

text: the

text: banking

text: system

text: evolved

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: it

text: was

text: quickly

text: incorporated

text: by

text: the

text: well

text: connected

text: English

text: stimulating

text: English

text: economic

text: output

question: When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?

answer: 1602

question: Which city in the Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange?

answer: Rotterdam

text: Rotterdam

question: The Dutch East-India Company inhabited how many cities?

answer: six

text: six

question: Which city did the Dutch East-India Company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city?

answer: Amsterdam

text: Amsterdam


text: The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: army

text: is

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: civilian

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: who

text: has

text: the

text: statutory

text: authority

text: to

text: conduct

text: all

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: under

text: the

text: authority

text: direction

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: The

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: ranked

text: military

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: military

text: adviser

text: and

text: executive

text: agent

text: for

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: i.e.

text: its

text: service

text: chief

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: a

text: body

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: service

text: chiefs

text: from

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: military

text: services

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: who

text: advise

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: on

text: operational

text: military

text: matters

text: under

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: the

text: Chairman

text: and

text: Vice

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: In

text: the

text: Goldwater

text: Nichols

text: Act

text: mandated

text: that

text: operational

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: services

text: follows

text: a

text: chain

text: of

text: command

text: from

text: the

text: President

text: to

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: unified

text: combatant

text: commanders

text: who

text: have

text: control

text: of

text: all

text: armed

text: forces

text: units

text: in

text: their

text: geographic

text: or

text: function

text: area

text: of

text: responsibility

text: Thus

text: the

text: secretaries

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: departments

text: and

text: their

text: respective

text: service

text: chiefs

text: underneath

text: them

text: only

text: have

text: the

text: responsibility

text: to

text: organize

text: train

text: and

text: equip

text: their

text: service

text: components

text: The

text: army

text: provides

text: trained

text: forces

text: to

text: the

text: combatant

text: commanders

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

question: Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?

answer: The Chief of Staff

text: The Chief of Staff

question: Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?

answer: Secretary of the Army

text: Secretary of the Army

question: How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?

answer: four

text: four

question: In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?

answer: 1986


text: After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law." If the upper house then approves the law, it sends it back to the government with the text "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: After

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: has

text: debated

text: the

text: law

text: it

text: either

text: approves

text: it

text: and

text: sends

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Senate

text: with

text: the

text: text

text: The

text: Second

text: Chamber

text: of

text: the

text: States

text: General

text: sends

text: the

text: following

text: approved

text: proposal

text: of

text: law

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: Chamber

text: or

text: it

text: rejects

text: it

text: and

text: returns

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: with

text: the

text: text

text: The

text: Second

text: Chamber

text: of

text: the

text: States

text: General

text: has

text: rejected

text: the

text: accompanying

text: proposal

text: of

text: law

text: If

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: then

text: approves

text: the

text: law

text: it

text: sends

text: it

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: with

text: the

text: text

text: To

text: the

text: King

text: The

text: States

text: General

text: have

text: accepted

text: the

text: proposal

text: of

text: law

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: offered

text: here

question: What text is written and sent to the Senate if the House approves of a law?

answer: "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber"

text: "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber"

question: What text is written and sent back to the government if a bill is rejected?

answer: The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law."

text: The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law."

question: If the Senate approves the law after receiving it from the House, what is written and sent to the government?

answer: "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."

text: "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."


text: Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Hunyadi

text: succeeded

text: during

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Belgrade

text: in

text: against

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: the

text: biggest

text: victory

text: against

text: that

text: empire

text: in

text: decades

text: This

text: battle

text: became

text: a

text: real

text: Crusade

text: against

text: the

text: Muslims

text: as

text: the

text: peasants

text: were

text: motivated

text: by

text: the

text: Franciscan

text: monk

text: Saint

text: John

text: of

text: Capistrano

text: who

text: came

text: from

text: Italy

text: predicating

text: Holy

text: War

text: The

text: effect

text: that

text: it

text: created

text: in

text: that

text: time

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: factors

text: that

text: helped

text: in

text: achieving

text: the

text: victory

text: However

text: the

text: premature

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: Lord

text: left

text: Pannonia

text: defenseless

text: and

text: in

text: chaos

text: In

text: an

text: extremely

text: unusual

text: event

text: for

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Hunyadi

text: 's

text: son

text: Matthias

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: King

text: of

text: Hungary

text: by

text: the

text: nobility

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: an

text: aristocratic

text: family

text: and

text: not

text: from

text: a

text: royal

text: family

text: was

text: crowned

question: Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade?

answer: Saint John of Capistrano

text: Saint John of Capistrano

question: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?

answer: 1456

question: Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary?

answer: Matthias

text: Matthias

question: Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos?

answer: Pannonia

text: Pannonia


text: Modern Ottoman studies think that the change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe was caused by the opening of the new sea routes. It is possible to see the decline in the significance of the land routes to the East as Western Europe opened the ocean routes that bypassed the Middle East and Mediterranean as parallel to the decline of the Ottoman Empire itself. The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Balta Liman that opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors, would be seen as one of the staging posts along this development.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Modern

text: Ottoman

text: studies

text: think

text: that

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: and

text: central

text: Europe

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: sea

text: routes

text: It

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: routes

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: as

text: Western

text: Europe

text: opened

text: the

text: ocean

text: routes

text: that

text: bypassed

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: as

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: itself

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Ottoman

text: Treaty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Balta

text: Liman

text: that

text: opened

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: markets

text: directly

text: to

text: English

text: and

text: French

text: competitors

text: would

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: staging

text: posts

text: along

text: this

text: development

question: What is believed to have caused the opening of new sea routes during the Ottoman Empire?

answer: change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe

text: change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe

question: The formation of sea routes bypassing the Middle East may have led to the decline of what?

answer: the Ottoman Empire itself

text: the Ottoman Empire itself

question: What is another name for the Treaty of Balta Liman?

answer: The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty

text: The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty

question: What did the Treaty of Balta Liman do for Ottoman markets?

answer: opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors

text: opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors

question: In what direction did land routes lose their importance?

answer: East

text: East


text: According to Sahih al-Bukhari, the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis, and discussed by Christians and Jews, before it was standardized. Its language was similar to the Syriac language.[citation needed] The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in Jewish and Christian sacred books (Tanakh, Bible) and devotional literature (Apocrypha, Midrash), although it differs in many details. Adam, Enoch, Noah, Eber, Shelah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Jethro, David, Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, Jonah, Aaron, Moses, Zechariah, John the Baptist and Jesus are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see Prophets of Islam). In fact, Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad, while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament. Muslims believe the common elements or resemblances between the Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings and Islamic dispensations is due to their common divine source,[citation needed] and that the original Christian or Jewish texts were authentic divine revelations given to prophets.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: According

text: to

text: Sahih

text: al

text: Bukhari

text: the

text: Quran

text: was

text: recited

text: among

text: Levantines

text: and

text: Iraqis

text: and

text: discussed

text: by

text: Christians

text: and

text: Jews

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: standardized

text: Its

text: language

text: was

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Syriac

text: language.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: Quran

text: recounts

text: stories

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: events

text: recounted

text: in

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Christian

text: sacred

text: books

text: Tanakh

text: Bible

text: and

text: devotional

text: literature

text: Apocrypha

text: Midrash

text: although

text: it

text: differs

text: in

text: many

text: details

text: Adam

text: Enoch

text: Noah

text: Eber

text: Shelah

text: Abraham

text: Lot

text: Ishmael

text: Isaac

text: Jacob

text: Joseph

text: Job

text: Jethro

text: David

text: Solomon

text: Elijah

text: Elisha

text: Jonah

text: Aaron

text: Moses

text: Zechariah

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: and

text: Jesus

text: are

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: as

text: prophets

text: of

text: God

text: see

text: Prophets

text: of

text: Islam

text: In

text: fact

text: Moses

text: is

text: mentioned

text: more

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: individual

text: Jesus

text: is

text: mentioned

text: more

text: often

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: than

text: Muhammad

text: while

text: Mary

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: Muslims

text: believe

text: the

text: common

text: elements

text: or

text: resemblances

text: between

text: the

text: Bible

text: and

text: other

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Christian

text: writings

text: and

text: Islamic

text: dispensations

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: common

text: divine

text: source,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: original

text: Christian

text: or

text: Jewish

text: texts

text: were

text: authentic

text: divine

text: revelations

text: given

text: to

text: prophets

question: Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?

answer: Moses

text: Moses

question: Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?

answer: Sahih al-Bukhari

text: Sahih al-Bukhari

question: Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?

answer: Syriac

text: Syriac

question: Which relative of Jesus appears more often in the Quran than the New Testament?

answer: Mary

text: Mary

question: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for the overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?

answer: common divine source

text: common divine source


text: In the United States, the term "the 51st state" when applied to Canada can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada. Sometimes the term is used disparagingly, intended to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor. In the Quebec general election, 1989, the political party Parti 51 ran 11 candidates on a platform of Quebec seceding from Canada to join the United States (with its leader, André Perron, claiming Quebec could not survive as an independent nation). The party attracted just 3,846 votes across the province, 0.11% of the total votes cast. In comparison, the other parties in favour of sovereignty of Quebec in that election got 40.16% (PQ) and 1.22% (NPDQ).

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: term

text: the

text: state

text: when

text: applied

text: to

text: Canada

text: can

text: serve

text: to

text: highlight

text: the

text: similarities

text: and

text: close

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: disparagingly

text: intended

text: to

text: deride

text: Canada

text: as

text: an

text: unimportant

text: neighbor

text: In

text: the

text: Quebec

text: general

text: election

text: the

text: political

text: party

text: Parti

text: ran

text: candidates

text: on

text: a

text: platform

text: of

text: Quebec

text: seceding

text: from

text: Canada

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: its

text: leader

text: André

text: Perron

text: claiming

text: Quebec

text: could

text: not

text: survive

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: nation

text: The

text: party

text: attracted

text: just

text: votes

text: across

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: votes

text: cast

text: In

text: comparison

text: the

text: other

text: parties

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: Quebec

text: in

text: that

text: election

text: got

text: PQ

text: and

text: NPDQ

question: What does Canada being referred to as the 51st state in a positive way mean in the US, generally?

answer: can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada

text: can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada

question: What is a negative connotation of the term?

answer: to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor

text: to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor

question: How man votes did Parti 51 attract in 1989?

answer: just 3,846 votes

text: just 3,846 votes

question: What did the other parties receive that year?

answer: 40.16% (PQ) and 1.22% (NPDQ)

text: 40.16% (PQ) and 1.22% (NPDQ)


text: The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earned at least $1 million in their first year as winner. All the runners-up of the first ten seasons, as well as some of other finalists, have also received record deals with major labels. However, starting in season 11, the runner-up may only be guaranteed a single-only deal. BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in seasons 10 and 12) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a six-figure sum.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: winner

text: receives

text: a

text: record

text: deal

text: with

text: a

text: major

text: label

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: six

text: albums

text: and

text: secures

text: a

text: management

text: contract

text: with

text: American

text: Idol

text: affiliated

text: Management

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: first

text: refusal

text: to

text: sign

text: all

text: contestants

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: lucrative

text: contracts

text: All

text: winners

text: prior

text: to

text: season

text: nine

text: reportedly

text: earned

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: in

text: their

text: first

text: year

text: as

text: winner

text: All

text: the

text: runners

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: ten

text: seasons

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: of

text: other

text: finalists

text: have

text: also

text: received

text: record

text: deals

text: with

text: major

text: labels

text: However

text: starting

text: in

text: season

text: the

text: runner

text: up

text: may

text: only

text: be

text: guaranteed

text: a

text: single

text: only

text: deal

text: BMG

text: Sony

text: seasons

text: and

text: UMG

text: season

text: had

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: first

text: refusal

text: to

text: sign

text: contestants

text: for

text: three

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: season

text: 's

text: finale

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: season

text: the

text: winner

text: was

text: signed

text: with

text: Big

text: Machine

text: Records

text: Prominent

text: music

text: mogul

text: Clive

text: Davis

text: also

text: produced

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: selected

text: contestants

text: albums

text: such

text: as

text: Kelly

text: Clarkson

text: Clay

text: Aiken

text: Fantasia

text: Barrino

text: and

text: Diana

text: DeGarmo

text: All

text: top

text: in

text: seasons

text: and

text: finalists

text: earn

text: the

text: privilege

text: of

text: going

text: on

text: a

text: tour

text: where

text: the

text: participants

text: may

text: each

text: earn

text: a

text: six

text: figure

text: sum

question: Which company manages the winners of American Idol?

answer: 19 Management

text: 19 Management

question: What record label signed the winner of season fourteen of American Idol?

answer: Big Machine Records

text: Big Machine Records

question: How long does the record company have the right of first refusal for contestants on American Idol?

answer: three months

text: three months

question: What does the winner of American Idol receive?

answer: a record deal

text: a record deal

question: The winner also receives a management contract with which company?

answer: 19 Management

text: 19 Management

question: In season 14, the winner was signed to which company?

answer: Big Machine Records

text: Big Machine Records


text: Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant eschatological consequences, as in 1 Corinthians 2:8. In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8) died "at the right time" (Romans 4:25) based on the plan of God. For Paul the "power of the cross" is not separable from the Resurrection of Jesus.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: Paul

text: 's

text: Christology

text: has

text: a

text: specific

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: death

text: and

text: resurrection

text: of

text: Jesus

text: For

text: Paul

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: is

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: his

text: resurrection

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: the

text: cross

text: of

text: Christ

text: used

text: in

text: Galatians

text: may

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: his

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: the

text: message

text: of

text: the

text: gospels

text: For

text: Paul

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: was

text: not

text: an

text: isolated

text: event

text: in

text: history

text: but

text: a

text: cosmic

text: event

text: with

text: significant

text: eschatological

text: consequences

text: as

text: in

text: Corinthians

text: In

text: the

text: Pauline

text: view

text: Jesus

text: obedient

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: death

text: Philippians

text: died

text: at

text: the

text: right

text: time

text: Romans

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: plan

text: of

text: God

text: For

text: Paul

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: cross

text: is

text: not

text: separable

text: from

text: the

text: Resurrection

text: of

text: Jesus

question: Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection?

answer: Paul's Christology

text: Paul's Christology

question: How is the crucifixion related to the resurrection per Paul?

answer: directly related

text: directly related

question: What term does Paul use for the Gospels?

answer: the cross of Christ

text: the cross of Christ

question: Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason?

answer: based on the plan of God

text: based on the plan of God

question: How does Paul view the Resurrection of Jesus?

answer: power of the cross

text: power of the cross


text: In a switching circuit, the idea is to simulate, as near as possible, the ideal switch having the properties of open circuit when off, short circuit when on, and an instantaneous transition between the two states. Parameters are chosen such that the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connected circuitry; the resistance of the transistor in the "on" state is too small to affect circuitry; and the transition between the two states is fast enough not to have a detrimental effect.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: In

text: a

text: switching

text: circuit

text: the

text: idea

text: is

text: to

text: simulate

text: as

text: near

text: as

text: possible

text: the

text: ideal

text: switch

text: having

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: open

text: circuit

text: when

text: off

text: short

text: circuit

text: when

text: on

text: and

text: an

text: instantaneous

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: states

text: Parameters

text: are

text: chosen

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: off

text: output

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: leakage

text: currents

text: too

text: small

text: to

text: affect

text: connected

text: circuitry

text: the

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: transistor

text: in

text: the

text: on

text: state

text: is

text: too

text: small

text: to

text: affect

text: circuitry

text: and

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: states

text: is

text: fast

text: enough

text: not

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: detrimental

text: effect

question: How are parameters chosen in a switching circuit?

answer: the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connected circuitry

text: the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connected circuitry

question: What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when on?

answer: short circuit

text: short circuit

question: What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when off?

answer: open circuit

text: open circuit

question: How quickly does the change from open circuit to short circuit happen?

answer: instantaneous

text: instantaneous


text: In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai "Three-Finger" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the "Hitless Wonders" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: Spalding

text: who

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: had

text: revamped

text: the

text: roster

text: to

text: boast

text: what

text: would

text: soon

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: teams

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: sold

text: the

text: club

text: to

text: Jim

text: Hart

text: The

text: franchise

text: was

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Cubs

text: by

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Daily

text: News

text: in

text: although

text: not

text: officially

text: becoming

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: until

text: the

text: season

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: baseball

text: 's

text: dead

text: ball

text: era

text: Cub

text: infielders

text: Joe

text: Tinker

text: Johnny

text: Evers

text: and

text: Frank

text: Chance

text: were

text: made

text: famous

text: as

text: a

text: double

text: play

text: combination

text: by

text: Franklin

text: P.

text: Adams

text: poem

text: Baseball

text: 's

text: Sad

text: Lexicon

text: The

text: poem

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: July

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Evening

text: Mail

text: Mordecai

text: Three

text: Finger

text: Brown

text: Jack

text: Taylor

text: Ed

text: Reulbach

text: Jack

text: Pfiester

text: and

text: Orval

text: Overall

text: were

text: several

text: key

text: pitchers

text: for

text: the

text: Cubs

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: period

text: With

text: Chance

text: acting

text: as

text: player

text: manager

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Cubs

text: won

text: four

text: pennants

text: and

text: two

text: World

text: Series

text: titles

text: over

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: span

text: Although

text: they

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Hitless

text: Wonders

text: White

text: Sox

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: the

text: Cubs

text: recorded

text: a

text: record

text: victories

text: and

text: the

text: best

text: winning

text: percentage

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: history

text: With

text: mostly

text: the

text: same

text: roster

text: Chicago

text: won

text: back

text: to

text: back

text: World

text: Series

text: championships

text: in

text: and

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: Major

text: League

text: club

text: to

text: play

text: three

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: Fall

text: Classic

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: win

text: it

text: twice

text: However

text: the

text: Cubs

text: have

text: not

text: won

text: a

text: World

text: Series

text: since

text: this

text: remains

text: the

text: longest

text: championship

text: drought

text: in

text: North

text: American

text: professional

text: sports

question: Who did Spalding sell the Cubs to in 1902?

answer: Jim Hart

text: Jim Hart

question: Who nicknamed the franchise the Cubs in 1902?

answer: Chicago Daily News

text: Chicago Daily News

question: Who holds the longest championship drought in North American professional sports?

answer: the Cubs

text: the Cubs

question: Who wrote the poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon?

answer: Franklin P. Adams

text: Franklin P. Adams


text: By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stronghold of Hispania (modern Spain) but decided to tackle Pompey himself in Greece. Pompey initially defeated Caesar, but failed to follow up on the victory, and was decisively defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, despite outnumbering Caesar's forces two to one, albeit with inferior quality troops. Pompey fled again, this time to Egypt, where he was murdered.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: By

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: BC

text: the

text: hardened

text: legions

text: of

text: Caesar

text: crossed

text: the

text: river

text: Rubicon

text: the

text: legal

text: boundary

text: of

text: Roman

text: Italy

text: beyond

text: which

text: no

text: commander

text: might

text: bring

text: his

text: army

text: and

text: swept

text: down

text: the

text: Italian

text: peninsula

text: towards

text: Rome

text: while

text: Pompey

text: ordered

text: the

text: abandonment

text: of

text: Rome

text: Afterwards

text: Caesar

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: Pompeian

text: stronghold

text: of

text: Hispania

text: modern

text: Spain

text: but

text: decided

text: to

text: tackle

text: Pompey

text: himself

text: in

text: Greece

text: Pompey

text: initially

text: defeated

text: Caesar

text: but

text: failed

text: to

text: follow

text: up

text: on

text: the

text: victory

text: and

text: was

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Pharsalus

text: in

text: BC

text: despite

text: outnumbering

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: forces

text: two

text: to

text: one

text: albeit

text: with

text: inferior

text: quality

text: troops

text: Pompey

text: fled

text: again

text: this

text: time

text: to

text: Egypt

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: murdered

question: During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon?

answer: 49 BC

text: 49 BC

question: Who would be seen as having been defeated in the Battle of Pharsalus?

answer: Pompey

text: Pompey

question: Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece?

answer: Caesar

text: Caesar

question: In what country did Pompey die in?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place?

answer: 48 BC

text: 48 BC


text: The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium. The $500 million shopping center, which was completed in 2009, saw the construction of new buildings and two smaller buildings, one new and the other a renovation of an existing building that was part of the original market. The two main buildings are linked by a six-level garage for 2,600 cars. The center has earned itself a LEED "Silver" designation in its design.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Gateway

text: Center

text: at

text: Bronx

text: Terminal

text: Market

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Bronx

text: is

text: a

text: shopping

text: center

text: that

text: encompasses

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: million

text: square

text: feet

text: of

text: retail

text: space

text: built

text: on

text: a

text: acres

text: ha

text: site

text: that

text: formerly

text: held

text: the

text: Bronx

text: Terminal

text: Market

text: a

text: wholesale

text: fruit

text: and

text: vegetable

text: market

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: Bronx

text: House

text: of

text: Detention

text: south

text: of

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: The

text: million

text: shopping

text: center

text: which

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: saw

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: new

text: buildings

text: and

text: two

text: smaller

text: buildings

text: one

text: new

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: a

text: renovation

text: of

text: an

text: existing

text: building

text: that

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: market

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: buildings

text: are

text: linked

text: by

text: a

text: six

text: level

text: garage

text: for

text: cars

text: The

text: center

text: has

text: earned

text: itself

text: a

text: LEED

text: Silver

text: designation

text: in

text: its

text: design

question: How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on?

answer: 17 acres

text: 17 acres

question: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?

answer: $500 million

text: $500 million

question: How many floors does the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage have?

answer: six

text: six

question: How many cars can the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage hold?

answer: 2,600


text: Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Though

text: Houston

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: without

text: formal

text: zoning

text: regulations

text: it

text: has

text: developed

text: similarly

text: to

text: other

text: Sun

text: Belt

text: cities

text: because

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: land

text: use

text: regulations

text: and

text: legal

text: covenants

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: similar

text: role

text: Regulations

text: include

text: mandatory

text: lot

text: size

text: for

text: single

text: family

text: houses

text: and

text: requirements

text: that

text: parking

text: be

text: available

text: to

text: tenants

text: and

text: customers

text: Such

text: restrictions

text: have

text: had

text: mixed

text: results

text: Though

text: some

text: have

text: blamed

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: low

text: density

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: pedestrian

text: friendliness

text: on

text: these

text: policies

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: land

text: use

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: credited

text: with

text: having

text: significant

text: affordable

text: housing

text: sparing

text: Houston

text: the

text: worst

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: real

text: estate

text: crisis

text: The

text: city

text: issued

text: building

text: permits

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: ranked

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: healthiest

text: housing

text: markets

text: for

question: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?

answer: Houston

text: Houston

question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?

answer: mandatory lot size

text: mandatory lot size

question: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?

answer: affordable housing

text: affordable housing

question: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?

answer: real estate crisis

text: real estate crisis

question: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?

answer: 42,697


text: In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: beer

text: houses

text: opened

text: and

text: within

text: eight

text: years

text: there

text: were

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: far

text: outnumbering

text: the

text: combined

text: total

text: of

text: long

text: established

text: taverns

text: pubs

text: inns

text: and

text: hotels

text: Because

text: it

text: was

text: so

text: easy

text: to

text: obtain

text: permission

text: and

text: the

text: profits

text: could

text: be

text: huge

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: low

text: cost

text: of

text: gaining

text: permission

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: beer

text: houses

text: was

text: continuing

text: to

text: rise

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: towns

text: nearly

text: every

text: other

text: house

text: in

text: a

text: street

text: could

text: be

text: a

text: beer

text: house

text: Finally

text: in

text: the

text: growth

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: checked

text: by

text: magisterial

text: control

text: and

text: new

text: licensing

text: laws

text: were

text: introduced

text: Only

text: then

text: was

text: it

text: made

text: harder

text: to

text: get

text: a

text: licence

text: and

text: the

text: licensing

text: laws

text: which

text: operate

text: today

text: were

text: formulated

question: How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?

answer: 400

question: How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?

answer: 46,000

question: In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?

answer: 1869


text: Flexible or so-called "unbreakable" records made of unusual materials were introduced by a number of manufacturers at various times during the 78 rpm era. In the UK, Nicole records, made of celluloid or a similar substance coated onto a cardboard core disc, were produced for a few years beginning in 1904, but they suffered from an exceptionally high level of surface noise. In the United States, Columbia Records introduced flexible, fiber-cored "Marconi Velvet Tone Record" pressings in 1907, but the advantages and longevity of their relatively noiseless surfaces depended on the scrupulous use of special gold-plated Marconi Needles and the product was not a success. Thin, flexible plastic records such as the German Phonycord and the British Filmophone and Goodson records appeared around 1930 but also did not last long. The contemporary French Pathé Cellodiscs, made of a very thin black plastic, which uncannily resembles the vinyl "sound sheet" magazine inserts of the 1965–1985 era, were similarly short-lived. In the US, Hit of the Week records, made of a patented translucent plastic called Durium coated on a heavy brown paper base, were introduced in early 1930. A new issue came out every week and they were sold at newsstands like a weekly magazine. Although inexpensive and commercially successful at first, they soon fell victim to the Great Depression and production in the US ended in 1932. Related Durium records continued to be made somewhat later in the UK and elsewhere, and as remarkably late as 1950 in Italy, where the name "Durium" survived far into the LP era as a trademark on ordinary vinyl records. Despite all these attempts at innovation, shellac compounds continued to be used for the overwhelming majority of commercial 78 rpm records during the lifetime of the format.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Flexible

text: or

text: so

text: called

text: unbreakable

text: records

text: made

text: of

text: unusual

text: materials

text: were

text: introduced

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: manufacturers

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: during

text: the

text: rpm

text: era

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: Nicole

text: records

text: made

text: of

text: celluloid

text: or

text: a

text: similar

text: substance

text: coated

text: onto

text: a

text: cardboard

text: core

text: disc

text: were

text: produced

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: beginning

text: in

text: but

text: they

text: suffered

text: from

text: an

text: exceptionally

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: surface

text: noise

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: introduced

text: flexible

text: fiber

text: cored

text: Marconi

text: Velvet

text: Tone

text: Record

text: pressings

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: advantages

text: and

text: longevity

text: of

text: their

text: relatively

text: noiseless

text: surfaces

text: depended

text: on

text: the

text: scrupulous

text: use

text: of

text: special

text: gold

text: plated

text: Marconi

text: Needles

text: and

text: the

text: product

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: success

text: Thin

text: flexible

text: plastic

text: records

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: German

text: Phonycord

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Filmophone

text: and

text: Goodson

text: records

text: appeared

text: around

text: but

text: also

text: did

text: not

text: last

text: long

text: The

text: contemporary

text: French

text: Pathé

text: Cellodiscs

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: very

text: thin

text: black

text: plastic

text: which

text: uncannily

text: resembles

text: the

text: vinyl

text: sound

text: sheet

text: magazine

text: inserts

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: were

text: similarly

text: short

text: lived

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: Hit

text: of

text: the

text: Week

text: records

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: patented

text: translucent

text: plastic

text: called

text: Durium

text: coated

text: on

text: a

text: heavy

text: brown

text: paper

text: base

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: early

text: A

text: new

text: issue

text: came

text: out

text: every

text: week

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: sold

text: at

text: newsstands

text: like

text: a

text: weekly

text: magazine

text: Although

text: inexpensive

text: and

text: commercially

text: successful

text: at

text: first

text: they

text: soon

text: fell

text: victim

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: and

text: production

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: ended

text: in

text: Related

text: Durium

text: records

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: somewhat

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: and

text: as

text: remarkably

text: late

text: as

text: in

text: Italy

text: where

text: the

text: name

text: Durium

text: survived

text: far

text: into

text: the

text: LP

text: era

text: as

text: a

text: trademark

text: on

text: ordinary

text: vinyl

text: records

text: Despite

text: all

text: these

text: attempts

text: at

text: innovation

text: shellac

text: compounds

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: commercial

text: rpm

text: records

text: during

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: the

text: format

question: What was a major downfall of the success of Durium records?

answer: Great Depression

text: Great Depression

question: What year were Durium records no longer released in the US?

answer: 1932

question: What are most 78 rpm records made of?

answer: shellac compounds

text: shellac compounds

question: What was a common problem found in early flexible records?

answer: surface noise

text: surface noise

question: What was the thin translucent plastic most successfully used to make discs called?

answer: Durium

text: Durium