text: In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal "Rights of Men". Price argued that love of our country "does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries, or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government". Instead, Price asserted that Englishmen should see themselves "more as citizens of the world than as members of any particular community".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: In

text: January

text: Burke

text: read

text: Dr.

text: Richard

text: Price

text: 's

text: sermon

text: of

text: November

text: entitled

text: A

text: Discourse

text: on

text: the

text: Love

text: of

text: our

text: Country

text: to

text: the

text: Revolution

text: Society

text: That

text: society

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: Glorious

text: Revolution

text: of

text: In

text: this

text: sermon

text: Price

text: espoused

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: universal

text: Rights

text: of

text: Men

text: Price

text: argued

text: that

text: love

text: of

text: our

text: country

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: any

text: conviction

text: of

text: the

text: superior

text: value

text: of

text: it

text: to

text: other

text: countries

text: or

text: any

text: particular

text: preference

text: of

text: its

text: laws

text: and

text: constitution

text: of

text: government

text: Instead

text: Price

text: asserted

text: that

text: Englishmen

text: should

text: see

text: themselves

text: more

text: as

text: citizens

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: than

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: any

text: particular

text: community

question: When did Richard Price give a sermon to the Revolution Society?

answer: 4 November 1789

text: 4 November 1789

question: What was the Revolution Society commemorating?

answer: the Glorious Revolution of 1688

text: the Glorious Revolution of 1688

question: Who did Price think should see themselves as citizens of the world?

answer: Englishmen

text: Englishmen

question: What philosophy did Price support?

answer: universal "Rights of Men"

text: universal "Rights of Men"


text: With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: With

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: Britain

text: surged

text: ahead

text: of

text: its

text: European

text: rivals

text: Demand

text: for

text: Indian

text: commodities

text: was

text: boosted

text: by

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: sustain

text: the

text: troops

text: and

text: the

text: economy

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: increased

text: availability

text: of

text: raw

text: materials

text: and

text: efficient

text: methods

text: of

text: production

text: As

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: revolution

text: Britain

text: experienced

text: higher

text: standards

text: of

text: living

text: Its

text: spiralling

text: cycle

text: of

text: prosperity

text: demand

text: and

text: production

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: influence

text: on

text: overseas

text: trade

text: The

text: company

text: became

text: the

text: single

text: largest

text: player

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: global

text: market

text: William

text: Henry

text: Pyne

text: notes

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Microcosm

text: of

text: London

text: that

question: what was the type of  Revolution that allowed Britian to move ahead of its European rivals?

answer: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution

question: What was the name of William Henry Pyne book from 1808?

answer: The Microcosm of London

text: The Microcosm of London

question: What became the largest player in the British global market according to William Henry Pyne?

answer: The company

text: The company

question: What country was the home to the Industrial Revolution?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: The industrial revoluntion gave raise to the access to what type of material?

answer: raw

text: raw


text: His biography of Anthony the Great entitled Life of Antony(Βίος καὶ Πολιτεία Πατρὸς Ἀντωνίου, Vita Antonii) became his most widely-read work. Translated into several languages, it played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity. Depicting Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape has an absolute connection to the divine truth, the biography also resembles the life of his biographer Athanasius. It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West. The so-called Athanasian Creed dates from well after Athanasius's death and draws upon the phraseology of Augustine's De trinitate.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: His

text: biography

text: of

text: Anthony

text: the

text: Great

text: entitled

text: Life

text: of

text: Antony(Βίος

text: καὶ

text: Πολιτεία

text: Πατρὸς

text: Ἀντωνίου

text: Vita

text: Antonii

text: became

text: his

text: most

text: widely

text: read

text: work

text: Translated

text: into

text: several

text: languages

text: it

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: spreading

text: of

text: the

text: ascetic

text: ideal

text: in

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Western

text: Christianity

text: Depicting

text: Anthony

text: as

text: an

text: illiterate

text: and

text: holy

text: man

text: who

text: through

text: his

text: existence

text: in

text: a

text: primordial

text: landscape

text: has

text: an

text: absolute

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: divine

text: truth

text: the

text: biography

text: also

text: resembles

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: his

text: biographer

text: Athanasius

text: It

text: later

text: served

text: as

text: an

text: inspiration

text: to

text: Christian

text: monastics

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: The

text: so

text: called

text: Athanasian

text: Creed

text: dates

text: from

text: well

text: after

text: Athanasius

text: 's

text: death

text: and

text: draws

text: upon

text: the

text: phraseology

text: of

text: Augustine

text: 's

text: De

text: trinitate

question: Who wrote the biography entitled Life of Antony?

answer: Athanasius

text: Athanasius

question: Life of Antony played an important role in the spreading of ascetic ideals in what religion?

answer: Eastern and Western Christianity

text: Eastern and Western Christianity

question: The biography, Life of Antony, also resembles of the life of who?

answer: Athanasius

text: Athanasius

question: The so-called Athanasian Creed draws upon the phraseology of what?

answer: Augustine's De trinitate

text: Augustine's De trinitate

question: About whom did he write his most widely-read work?

answer: Anthony the Great

text: Anthony the Great

question: Why was this work considered to be important?

answer: spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity

text: spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity

question: How did he depict Anthony?

answer: illiterate and holy

text: illiterate and holy

question: What does the Athanasian Creed draw upon?

answer: Augustine's De trinitate

text: Augustine's De trinitate

question: Whose life did Anthony's resemble?

answer: Athanasius

text: Athanasius


text: During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: interglacial

text: period

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: early

text: anatomically

text: modern

text: humans

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: area

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: route

text: out

text: of

text: Africa

text: that

text: some

text: scholars

text: suggest

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: early

text: humans

text: to

text: colonize

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: In

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: Research

text: Project

text: Team

text: composed

text: of

text: Eritrean

text: Canadian

text: American

text: Dutch

text: and

text: French

text: scientists

text: discovered

text: a

text: Paleolithic

text: site

text: with

text: stone

text: and

text: obsidian

text: tools

text: dated

text: to

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: near

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Zula

text: south

text: of

text: Massawa

text: along

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: littoral

text: The

text: tools

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: early

text: humans

text: to

text: harvest

text: marine

text: resources

text: like

text: clams

text: and

text: oysters

question: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?

answer: early anatomically modern humans

text: early anatomically modern humans

question: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?

answer: over 125,000 years old

text: over 125,000 years old

question: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools?

answer: near the Bay of Zula

text: near the Bay of Zula

question: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?

answer: Eritrean Research Project Team

text: Eritrean Research Project Team

question: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?

answer: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters

text: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters


text: Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well as color vision that, at least by day, gives humans better visual discrimination. Camp dogs would also have benefited from human tool use, as in bringing down larger prey and controlling fire for a range of purposes.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Wolves

text: and

text: their

text: dog

text: descendants

text: would

text: have

text: derived

text: significant

text: benefits

text: from

text: living

text: in

text: human

text: camps

text: more

text: safety

text: more

text: reliable

text: food

text: lesser

text: caloric

text: needs

text: and

text: more

text: chance

text: to

text: breed

text: They

text: would

text: have

text: benefited

text: from

text: humans

text: upright

text: gait

text: that

text: gives

text: them

text: larger

text: range

text: over

text: which

text: to

text: see

text: potential

text: predators

text: and

text: prey

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: color

text: vision

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: by

text: day

text: gives

text: humans

text: better

text: visual

text: discrimination

text: Camp

text: dogs

text: would

text: also

text: have

text: benefited

text: from

text: human

text: tool

text: use

text: as

text: in

text: bringing

text: down

text: larger

text: prey

text: and

text: controlling

text: fire

text: for

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: purposes

question: What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?

answer: significant benefits

text: significant benefits


text: The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: economy

text: of

text: Tibet

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: subsistence

text: agriculture

text: though

text: tourism

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: growing

text: industry

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: The

text: dominant

text: religion

text: in

text: Tibet

text: is

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: in

text: addition

text: there

text: is

text: Bön

text: which

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: Tibetan

text: Muslims

text: and

text: Christian

text: minorities

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: a

text: primary

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: festivals

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: Tibetan

text: architecture

text: reflects

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Indian

text: influences

text: Staple

text: foods

text: in

text: Tibet

text: are

text: roasted

text: barley

text: yak

text: meat

text: and

text: butter

text: tea

question: What is the economy of Tibet dominated by?

answer: subsistence agriculture

text: subsistence agriculture

question: What has recently become a growing industry in Tibet?

answer: tourism

text: tourism

question: What is the dominant religion in Tibet?

answer: Tibetan Buddhism

text: Tibetan Buddhism

question: What is a staple food in Tibet?

answer: yak meat

text: yak meat

question: Which two cultures does Tibetan architecture reflect?

answer: Chinese and Indian

text: Chinese and Indian


text: Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in private home shelters, implying that the remaining 60% of the city likely stayed at home. The government distributed Anderson shelters until 1941 and that year began distributing the Morrison shelter, which could be used inside homes.:190

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Communal

text: shelters

text: never

text: housed

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: seventh

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: residents

text: however

text: Peak

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Underground

text: as

text: shelter

text: was

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: a

text: November

text: census

text: of

text: London

text: found

text: that

text: about

text: of

text: residents

text: used

text: the

text: Tube

text: and

text: other

text: large

text: shelters

text: in

text: public

text: surface

text: shelters

text: and

text: in

text: private

text: home

text: shelters

text: implying

text: that

text: the

text: remaining

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: likely

text: stayed

text: at

text: home

text: The

text: government

text: distributed

text: Anderson

text: shelters

text: until

text: and

text: that

text: year

text: began

text: distributing

text: the

text: Morrison

text: shelter

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: inside

question: What was the largest number to use Underground shelters in September  27, 1940?

answer: 177,000

question: In 1940 what percentage used the Tube for a sleeping shelter?

answer: 4%

question: Where did 60% of populations stay?

answer: at home

text: at home

question: What year did the government start giving out Morrison shelters?

answer: 1941

question: Where could the Morrison shelters be used?

answer: inside homes

text: inside homes


text: The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition." Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: The

text: strongest

text: element

text: of

text: style

text: noted

text: by

text: critics

text: and

text: reviewers

text: is

text: Lee

text: 's

text: talent

text: for

text: narration

text: which

text: in

text: an

text: early

text: review

text: in

text: Time

text: was

text: called

text: tactile

text: brilliance

text: Writing

text: a

text: decade

text: later

text: another

text: scholar

text: noted

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: has

text: a

text: remarkable

text: gift

text: of

text: story

text: telling

text: Her

text: art

text: is

text: visual

text: and

text: with

text: cinematographic

text: fluidity

text: and

text: subtlety

text: we

text: see

text: a

text: scene

text: melting

text: into

text: another

text: scene

text: without

text: jolts

text: of

text: transition

text: Lee

text: combines

text: the

text: narrator

text: 's

text: voice

text: of

text: a

text: child

text: observing

text: her

text: surroundings

text: with

text: a

text: grown

text: woman

text: 's

text: reflecting

text: on

text: her

text: childhood

text: using

text: the

text: ambiguity

text: of

text: this

text: voice

text: combined

text: with

text: the

text: narrative

text: technique

text: of

text: flashback

text: to

text: play

text: intricately

text: with

text: perspectives

text: This

text: narrative

text: method

text: allows

text: Lee

text: to

text: tell

text: a

text: delightfully

text: deceptive

text: story

text: that

text: mixes

text: the

text: simplicity

text: of

text: childhood

text: observation

text: with

text: adult

text: situations

text: complicated

text: by

text: hidden

text: motivations

text: and

text: unquestioned

text: tradition

text: However

text: at

text: times

text: the

text: blending

text: causes

text: reviewers

text: to

text: question

text: Scout

text: 's

text: preternatural

text: vocabulary

text: and

text: depth

text: of

text: understanding

text: Both

text: Harding

text: LeMay

text: and

text: the

text: novelist

text: and

text: literary

text: critic

text: Granville

text: Hicks

text: expressed

text: doubt

text: that

text: children

text: as

text: sheltered

text: as

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: could

text: understand

text: the

text: complexities

text: and

text: horrors

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: trial

text: for

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: 's

text: life

question: What is Lee's strongest style of writing?

answer: narration

text: narration

question: What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations??

answer: flashback

text: flashback


text: Burke took a leading role in the debate regarding the constitutional limits to the executive authority of the king. He argued strongly against unrestrained royal power and for the role of political parties in maintaining a principled opposition capable of preventing abuses, either by the monarch, or by specific factions within the government. His most important publication in this regard was his Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents of 23 April 1770. Burke identified the "discontents" as stemming from the "secret influence" of a neo-Tory group he labelled as, the "king's friends", whose system "comprehending the exterior and interior administrations, is commonly called, in the technical language of the Court, Double Cabinet". Britain needed a party with "an unshaken adherence to principle, and attachment to connexion, against every allurement of interest". Party divisions "whether operating for good or evil, are things inseparable from free government".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: took

text: a

text: leading

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: debate

text: regarding

text: the

text: constitutional

text: limits

text: to

text: the

text: executive

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: He

text: argued

text: strongly

text: against

text: unrestrained

text: royal

text: power

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: maintaining

text: a

text: principled

text: opposition

text: capable

text: of

text: preventing

text: abuses

text: either

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: or

text: by

text: specific

text: factions

text: within

text: the

text: government

text: His

text: most

text: important

text: publication

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: was

text: his

text: Thoughts

text: on

text: the

text: Cause

text: of

text: the

text: Present

text: Discontents

text: of

text: April

text: Burke

text: identified

text: the

text: discontents

text: as

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: secret

text: influence

text: of

text: a

text: neo

text: Tory

text: group

text: he

text: labelled

text: as

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: friends

text: whose

text: system

text: comprehending

text: the

text: exterior

text: and

text: interior

text: administrations

text: is

text: commonly

text: called

text: in

text: the

text: technical

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Court

text: Double

text: Cabinet

text: Britain

text: needed

text: a

text: party

text: with

text: an

text: unshaken

text: adherence

text: to

text: principle

text: and

text: attachment

text: to

text: connexion

text: against

text: every

text: allurement

text: of

text: interest

text: Party

text: divisions

text: whether

text: operating

text: for

text: good

text: or

text: evil

text: are

text: things

text: inseparable

text: from

text: free

text: government

question: Who did Burke want constitutional limits on the power of?

answer: the king

text: the king

question: What type of institution did Burke think could offer opposition to abuses of power?

answer: political parties

text: political parties

question: What type of group were the "king's friends"?

answer: neo-Tory

text: neo-Tory

question: What was Burke's most important publication about limiting royal power?

answer: Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents of 23 April 1770

text: Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents of 23 April 1770


text: Non-commercial radio stations include NPR affiliates KUOW-FM 94.9 and KPLU-FM 88.5 (Tacoma), as well as classical music station KING-FM 98.1. Other stations include KEXP-FM 90.3 (affiliated with the UW), community radio KBCS-FM 91.3 (affiliated with Bellevue College), and high school radio KNHC-FM 89.5, which broadcasts an electronic dance music radio format and is owned by the public school system and operated by students of Nathan Hale High School. Many Seattle radio stations are also available through Internet radio, with KEXP in particular being a pioneer of Internet radio. Seattle also has numerous commercial radio stations. In a March 2012 report by the consumer research firm Arbitron, the top FM stations were KRWM (adult contemporary format), KIRO-FM (news/talk), and KISW (active rock) while the top AM stations were KOMO (AM) (all news), KJR (AM) (all sports), KIRO (AM) (all sports).

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Non

text: commercial

text: radio

text: stations

text: include

text: NPR

text: affiliates

text: KUOW

text: FM

text: and

text: KPLU

text: FM

text: Tacoma

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: classical

text: music

text: station

text: KING

text: FM

text: Other

text: stations

text: include

text: KEXP

text: FM

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: UW

text: community

text: radio

text: KBCS

text: FM

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Bellevue

text: College

text: and

text: high

text: school

text: radio

text: KNHC

text: FM

text: which

text: broadcasts

text: an

text: electronic

text: dance

text: music

text: radio

text: format

text: and

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: school

text: system

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: students

text: of

text: Nathan

text: Hale

text: High

text: School

text: Many

text: Seattle

text: radio

text: stations

text: are

text: also

text: available

text: through

text: Internet

text: radio

text: with

text: KEXP

text: in

text: particular

text: being

text: a

text: pioneer

text: of

text: Internet

text: radio

text: Seattle

text: also

text: has

text: numerous

text: commercial

text: radio

text: stations

text: In

text: a

text: March

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: consumer

text: research

text: firm

text: Arbitron

text: the

text: top

text: FM

text: stations

text: were

text: KRWM

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: format

text: KIRO

text: FM

text: news

text: talk

text: and

text: KISW

text: active

text: rock

text: while

text: the

text: top

text: AM

text: stations

text: were

text: KOMO

text: AM

text: all

text: news

text: KJR

text: AM

text: all

text: sports

text: KIRO

text: AM

text: all

text: sports

question: What type of radio stations abound in Seattle?

answer: Non-commercial

text: Non-commercial

question: Where has KEXP pioneered in Radio?

answer: Internet radio

text: Internet radio

question: What are KUOW and KPLU radio stations?

answer: NPR affiliates

text: NPR affiliates

question: With what educational facility is KEXP-FM aligned?

answer: UW

text: UW

question: What radio station is operated by the public school system?

answer: KNHC-FM 89.5

text: KNHC-FM 89.5


text: In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: In

text: ancient

text: Somalia

text: pyramidical

text: structures

text: known

text: in

text: Somali

text: as

text: taalo

text: were

text: a

text: popular

text: burial

text: style

text: with

text: hundreds

text: of

text: these

text: dry

text: stone

text: monuments

text: scattered

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: today

text: Houses

text: were

text: built

text: of

text: dressed

text: stone

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: ones

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: examples

text: of

text: courtyards

text: and

text: large

text: stone

text: walls

text: enclosing

text: settlements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Wargaade

text: Wall

question: What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids?

answer: taalo

text: taalo

question: What were taalo used for?

answer: burial

text: burial

question: What were ancient Somali houses made out of?

answer: dressed stone

text: dressed stone

question: Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia?

answer: the Wargaade Wall

text: the Wargaade Wall


text: A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: A

text: working

text: group

text: consisting

text: of

text: Leon

text: van

text: de

text: Kerkhof

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: Gerhard

text: Stoll

text: Germany

text: Leonardo

text: Chiariglione

text: Italy

text: Yves

text: François

text: Dehery

text: France

text: Karlheinz

text: Brandenburg

text: Germany

text: and

text: James

text: D.

text: Johnston

text: USA

text: took

text: ideas

text: from

text: ASPEC

text: integrated

text: the

text: filter

text: bank

text: from

text: Layer

text: added

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: ideas

text: and

text: created

text: which

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: same

text: quality

text: at

text: kbit

text: s

text: as

text: at

text: kbit

text: s

question: What did the working group integrate their ideas with?

answer: filter bank

text: filter bank

question: Where was the filter bank taken from?

answer: Layer 2

text: Layer 2

question: What did the working group take ideas from?

answer: ASPEC

text: ASPEC

question: What did the working group eventually create?

answer: MP3

question: What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s?

answer: MP2 at 192 kbit/s

text: MP2 at 192 kbit/s


text: Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered England (r. 1066–87) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily. Under the Angevin dynasty of Henry II (r. 1154–89) and his son Richard I (r. 1189–99), the kings of England ruled over England and large areas of France,[W] brought to the family by Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204), heiress to much of southern France.[X] Richard's younger brother John (r. 1199–1216) lost Normandy and the rest of the northern French possessions in 1204 to the French King Philip II Augustus (r. 1180–1223). This led to dissension among the English nobility, while John's financial exactions to pay for his unsuccessful attempts to regain Normandy led in 1215 to Magna Carta, a charter that confirmed the rights and privileges of free men in England. Under Henry III (r. 1216–72), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished. The French monarchy continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under their personal rule and centralising the royal administration. Under Louis IX (r. 1226–70), royal prestige rose to new heights as Louis served as a mediator for most of Europe.[Y]

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Under

text: the

text: Capetian

text: dynasty

text: France

text: slowly

text: began

text: to

text: expand

text: its

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: nobility

text: growing

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: to

text: exert

text: control

text: over

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: They

text: faced

text: a

text: powerful

text: rival

text: in

text: the

text: Dukes

text: of

text: Normandy

text: who

text: in

text: under

text: William

text: the

text: Conqueror

text: duke

text: conquered

text: England

text: r.

text: and

text: created

text: a

text: cross

text: channel

text: empire

text: that

text: lasted

text: in

text: various

text: forms

text: throughout

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Normans

text: also

text: settled

text: in

text: Sicily

text: and

text: southern

text: Italy

text: when

text: Robert

text: Guiscard

text: d.

text: landed

text: there

text: in

text: and

text: established

text: a

text: duchy

text: that

text: later

text: became

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sicily

text: Under

text: the

text: Angevin

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Henry

text: II

text: r.

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: Richard

text: I

text: r.

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: England

text: ruled

text: over

text: England

text: and

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: France,[W

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: by

text: Henry

text: II

text: 's

text: marriage

text: to

text: Eleanor

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: d.

text: heiress

text: to

text: much

text: of

text: southern

text: France.[X

text: Richard

text: 's

text: younger

text: brother

text: John

text: r.

text: lost

text: Normandy

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: French

text: possessions

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: King

text: Philip

text: II

text: Augustus

text: r.

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: dissension

text: among

text: the

text: English

text: nobility

text: while

text: John

text: 's

text: financial

text: exactions

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: his

text: unsuccessful

text: attempts

text: to

text: regain

text: Normandy

text: led

text: in

text: to

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: a

text: charter

text: that

text: confirmed

text: the

text: rights

text: and

text: privileges

text: of

text: free

text: men

text: in

text: England

text: Under

text: Henry

text: III

text: r.

text: John

text: 's

text: son

text: further

text: concessions

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: nobility

text: and

text: royal

text: power

text: was

text: diminished

text: The

text: French

text: monarchy

text: continued

text: to

text: make

text: gains

text: against

text: the

text: nobility

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: centuries

text: bringing

text: more

text: territories

text: within

text: the

text: kingdom

text: under

text: their

text: personal

text: rule

text: and

text: centralising

text: the

text: royal

text: administration

text: Under

text: Louis

text: IX

text: r.

text: royal

text: prestige

text: rose

text: to

text: new

text: heights

text: as

text: Louis

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: mediator

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: Europe.[Y

question: Who was Duke of Normandy in 1066?

answer: William the Conqueror

text: William the Conqueror

question: During what period did William reign over England?

answer: 1066–87

question: When did Robert Guiscard die?

answer: 1085

question: What kingdom grew out of the duchy founded by Robert Guiscard?

answer: Kingdom of Sicily

text: Kingdom of Sicily

question: To what dynasty did Henry II belong?

answer: Angevin

text: Angevin


text: 31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips Bay Towers and NYU Medical Center which occupy the area between 30th and 34th Streets. The Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi is situated at 135–139 West 31st Street. At 210 West is the Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist, part of St. John the Baptist Church on 30th Street. At the corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is the Grand Hotel. The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street was the location of the first building owned by the Grolier Club between 1890 and 1917.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: begins

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: at

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: Yard

text: while

text: Street

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: segment

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: Korea

text: Way

text: between

text: Fifth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Broadway

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: 's

text: Koreatown

text: begins

text: at

text: the

text: entrance

text: to

text: Penn

text: Station

text: and

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Garden

text: On

text: the

text: East

text: Side

text: both

text: streets

text: end

text: at

text: Second

text: Avenue

text: at

text: Kips

text: Bay

text: Towers

text: and

text: NYU

text: Medical

text: Center

text: which

text: occupy

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: and

text: Streets

text: The

text: Catholic

text: church

text: of

text: St.

text: Francis

text: of

text: Assisi

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: West

text: Street

text: At

text: West

text: is

text: the

text: Capuchin

text: Monastery

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: part

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: Church

text: on

text: Street

text: At

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: Broadway

text: and

text: West

text: Street

text: is

text: the

text: Grand

text: Hotel

text: The

text: former

text: Hotel

text: Pierrepont

text: was

text: located

text: at

text: West

text: Street

text: The

text: Continental

text: NYC

text: tower

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Street

text: East

text: Street

text: was

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: building

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Grolier

text: Club

text: between

text: and

question: Where does 31st Street begin?

answer: West Side Yard

text: West Side Yard

question: Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?

answer: Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi

text: Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi

question: Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?

answer: Grolier Club

text: Grolier Club

question: The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business?

answer: Grand Hotel

text: Grand Hotel

question: Which religios center is located at 210 West?

answer: Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist

text: Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist


text: Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Little

text: is

text: known

text: about

text: the

text: bacteria

text: that

text: degrade

text: cellulose

text: Symbiotic

text: bacteria

text: in

text: Xylophaga

text: may

text: play

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: degradation

text: of

text: sunken

text: wood

text: while

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Alphaproteobacteria

text: Flavobacteria

text: Actinobacteria

text: Clostridia

text: and

text: Bacteroidetes

text: have

text: been

text: detected

text: in

text: wood

text: submerged

text: over

text: a

text: year

question: What component of wood is degraded by bacteria that scientists are still trying to learn about?

answer: cellulose

text: cellulose

question: What type of bacteria are present in Xylophaga?

answer: Symbiotic

text: Symbiotic

question: What type of wood is it possible the bacteria in Xylophaga help break down?

answer: sunken

text: sunken

question: How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?

answer: over a year

text: over a year

question: What bacteria starting with the letter "F" were found in wood after it was underwater for more than a year?

answer: Flavobacteria

text: Flavobacteria


text: During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: During

text: the

text: difficult

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: government

text: at

text: all

text: levels

text: was

text: integral

text: to

text: creating

text: jobs

text: The

text: city

text: provided

text: recreational

text: and

text: educational

text: programs

text: and

text: hired

text: people

text: for

text: public

text: works

text: projects

text: In

text: Raleigh

text: Memorial

text: Auditorium

text: was

text: dedicated

text: The

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Symphony

text: founded

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: performed

text: in

text: its

text: new

text: home

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: Civilian

text: Conservation

text: Corps

text: constructed

text: the

text: area

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: William

text: B.

text: Umstead

text: State

text: Park

text: In

text: the

text: State

text: General

text: Assembly

text: chartered

text: the

text: Raleigh

text: Durham

text: Aeronautical

text: Authority

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: larger

text: airport

text: between

text: Raleigh

text: and

text: Durham

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: flight

text: occurring

text: in

question: When was the Great Depression?

answer: 1930s

question: What did the city provide during the Great Depression?

answer: recreational and educational programs

text: recreational and educational programs

question: What was dedicated in 1932?

answer: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium

text: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium

question: What year was the North Carolina Symphony founded?

answer: 1932

question: What was charted in 1939?

answer: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,

text: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,


text: Some critics believe that a clear-text edition gives the edited text too great a prominence, relegating textual variants to appendices that are difficult to use, and suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves. As Shillingsburg notes, "English scholarly editions have tended to use notes at the foot of the text page, indicating, tacitly, a greater modesty about the "established" text and drawing attention more forcibly to at least some of the alternative forms of the text".

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Some

text: critics

text: believe

text: that

text: a

text: clear

text: text

text: edition

text: gives

text: the

text: edited

text: text

text: too

text: great

text: a

text: prominence

text: relegating

text: textual

text: variants

text: to

text: appendices

text: that

text: are

text: difficult

text: to

text: use

text: and

text: suggesting

text: a

text: greater

text: sense

text: of

text: certainty

text: about

text: the

text: established

text: text

text: than

text: it

text: deserves

text: As

text: Shillingsburg

text: notes

text: English

text: scholarly

text: editions

text: have

text: tended

text: to

text: use

text: notes

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: text

text: page

text: indicating

text: tacitly

text: a

text: greater

text: modesty

text: about

text: the

text: established

text: text

text: and

text: drawing

text: attention

text: more

text: forcibly

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: alternative

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: text

question: Are appendices easy to use for the average reader?

answer: appendices that are difficult to use,

text: appendices that are difficult to use,

question: Can a reader be certain of the validity of information found in a clear-text edition?

answer: suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves

text: suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves

question: How do most editors work around the reference problems of clear-text editing?

answer: notes at the foot of the text page

text: notes at the foot of the text page

question: Where can a reader find more information on text variants after noticing a footnote?

answer: appendices

text: appendices


text: The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: Rev.

text: John

text: J.

text: Cavanaugh

text: C.S.C.

text: served

text: as

text: president

text: from

text: to

text: Cavanaugh

text: 's

text: legacy

text: at

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: years

text: was

text: devoted

text: to

text: raising

text: academic

text: standards

text: and

text: reshaping

text: the

text: university

text: administration

text: to

text: suit

text: it

text: to

text: an

text: enlarged

text: educational

text: mission

text: and

text: an

text: expanded

text: student

text: body

text: and

text: stressing

text: advanced

text: studies

text: and

text: research

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: quadrupled

text: in

text: student

text: census

text: undergraduate

text: enrollment

text: increased

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: and

text: graduate

text: student

text: enrollment

text: grew

text: fivefold

text: Cavanaugh

text: also

text: established

text: the

text: Lobund

text: Institute

text: for

text: Animal

text: Studies

text: and

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: 's

text: Medieval

text: Institute

text: Cavanaugh

text: also

text: presided

text: over

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Nieuwland

text: Science

text: Hall

text: Fisher

text: Hall

text: and

text: the

text: Morris

text: Inn

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Hall

text: of

text: Liberal

text: Arts

text: now

text: O'Shaughnessy

text: Hall

text: made

text: possible

text: by

text: a

text: donation

text: from

text: I.A.

text: O'Shaughnessy

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: largest

text: ever

text: made

text: to

text: an

text: American

text: Catholic

text: university

text: Cavanaugh

text: also

text: established

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: advisory

text: councils

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: which

text: continue

text: today

text: and

text: are

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: governance

text: and

text: development

question: Around the time that Rev. Cavanaugh became president of Notre Dame by how much did the undergrad student body of Notre Dame increase?

answer: more than half

text: more than half

question: Which institute involving animal life did Cavanaugh create at Notre Dame?

answer: Lobund Institute for Animal Studies

text: Lobund Institute for Animal Studies

question: What is O'Shaughnessy Hall of Notre Dame formerly known as?

answer: Hall of Liberal Arts

text: Hall of Liberal Arts

question: Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?

answer: Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C.

text: Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C.

question: Outside of an institute studying animals, what other institute did Cavanugh create at Notre Dame?

answer: Medieval Institute

text: Medieval Institute


text: There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna never had nor ever attempted to have a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism, and therefore each bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī adhering to the Mahāyāna formally belonged to an early school. This continues today with the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage in East Asia, and the Mūlasarvāstivāda ordination lineage in Tibetan Buddhism. Therefore Mahāyāna was never a separate rival sect of the early schools. From Chinese monks visiting India, we now know that both Mahāyāna and non-Mahāyāna monks in India often lived in the same monasteries side by side.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: that

text: Mahāyāna

text: ever

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: separate

text: formal

text: school

text: or

text: sect

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: but

text: rather

text: that

text: it

text: existed

text: as

text: a

text: certain

text: set

text: of

text: ideals

text: and

text: later

text: doctrines

text: for

text: bodhisattvas

text: Initially

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Bodhisattvayāna

text: the

text: Vehicle

text: of

text: the

text: Bodhisattvas

text: Paul

text: Williams

text: has

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: Mahāyāna

text: never

text: had

text: nor

text: ever

text: attempted

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: separate

text: Vinaya

text: or

text: ordination

text: lineage

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: schools

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: therefore

text: each

text: bhikṣu

text: or

text: bhikṣuṇī

text: adhering

text: to

text: the

text: Mahāyāna

text: formally

text: belonged

text: to

text: an

text: early

text: school

text: This

text: continues

text: today

text: with

text: the

text: Dharmaguptaka

text: ordination

text: lineage

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Mūlasarvāstivāda

text: ordination

text: lineage

text: in

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: Therefore

text: Mahāyāna

text: was

text: never

text: a

text: separate

text: rival

text: sect

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: schools

text: From

text: Chinese

text: monks

text: visiting

text: India

text: we

text: now

text: know

text: that

text: both

text: Mahāyāna

text: and

text: non

text: Mahāyāna

text: monks

text: in

text: India

text: often

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: monasteries

text: side

text: by

text: side

question: There is no evidence that Mahayana ever referred to a separate school of what?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

question: The mahayana never tried to have separte what?

answer: Vinaya

text: Vinaya

question: We know that both Mahayana and non Mahayana monks live in the same what?

answer: monasteries

text: monasteries


text: The Chief Deputy Whip is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for his or her party. The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican Patrick McHenry. Within the House Republican Conference, the chief deputy whip is the highest appointed position and often a launching pad for future positions in the House Leadership. The House Democratic Conference has multiple chief deputy whips, led by a Senior Chief Deputy Whip, which is the highest appointed position within the House Democratic Caucus. The current senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: The

text: Chief

text: Deputy

text: Whip

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: assistant

text: to

text: the

text: whip

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: vote

text: counter

text: for

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: party

text: The

text: current

text: chief

text: deputy

text: majority

text: whip

text: is

text: Republican

text: Patrick

text: McHenry

text: Within

text: the

text: House

text: Republican

text: Conference

text: the

text: chief

text: deputy

text: whip

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: appointed

text: position

text: and

text: often

text: a

text: launching

text: pad

text: for

text: future

text: positions

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: Leadership

text: The

text: House

text: Democratic

text: Conference

text: has

text: multiple

text: chief

text: deputy

text: whips

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: Senior

text: Chief

text: Deputy

text: Whip

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: appointed

text: position

text: within

text: the

text: House

text: Democratic

text: Caucus

text: The

text: current

text: senior

text: chief

text: deputy

text: minority

text: whip

text: John

text: Lewis

text: has

text: held

text: his

text: post

text: since

question: Who is the chief vote counter for party?

answer: The Chief Deputy Whip

text: The Chief Deputy Whip

question: Who holds the highest appointed Republican position in House?

answer: Patrick McHenry.

text: Patrick McHenry.

question: Who is the leader of chief deputy whips in democratic conference?

answer: Senior Chief Deputy Whip

text: Senior Chief Deputy Whip

question: How long has democratic leader of whips held position?

answer: senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991

text: senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991


text: In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers. In practice, there was little coordination between Japan and Germany until 1944, by which time the U.S. was deciphering their secret diplomatic correspondence.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: In

text: September

text: Japan

text: decided

text: to

text: cut

text: China

text: 's

text: only

text: land

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: by

text: seizing

text: Indochina

text: which

text: was

text: controlled

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: by

text: Vichy

text: France

text: Japanese

text: forces

text: broke

text: their

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: Vichy

text: administration

text: and

text: fighting

text: broke

text: out

text: ending

text: in

text: a

text: Japanese

text: victory

text: On

text: September

text: Japan

text: signed

text: a

text: military

text: alliance

text: with

text: Germany

text: and

text: Italy

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Axis

text: Powers

text: In

text: practice

text: there

text: was

text: little

text: coordination

text: between

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: until

text: by

text: which

text: time

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: deciphering

text: their

text: secret

text: diplomatic

text: correspondence

question: Who controled Indochina in 1940?

answer: Vichy France

text: Vichy France

question: Who were the Axis Powers along with Japan in 1940?

answer: Germany and Italy

text: Germany and Italy

question: When did Japan invade Indochina?

answer: September 1940

text: September 1940

question: Did Japan and Germany work closely together prior to 1944?

answer: little coordination

text: little coordination

question: When did Japan take over Indochina?

answer: September 1940

text: September 1940

question: Who controlled Indochina before the Japanese takeover?

answer: Vichy France

text: Vichy France

question: When did Japan become an Axis power?

answer: 27 September

text: 27 September

question: How much coordination was there between Japan and Germany?

answer: little

text: little

question: How many nations comprised the Axis powers?

answer: three

text: three


text: For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: For

text: the

text: commercial

text: naming

text: of

text: a

text: product

text: the

text: frame

text: rate

text: is

text: often

text: dropped

text: and

text: is

text: implied

text: from

text: context

text: e.g.

text: a

text: television

text: set

text: A

text: frame

text: rate

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: specified

text: without

text: a

text: resolution

text: For

text: example

text: means

text: progressive

text: scan

text: frames

text: per

text: second

text: and

text: means

text: interlaced

text: frames

text: per

text: second

question: What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product?

answer: the frame rate

text: the frame rate

question: What does 24p mean?

answer: 24 progressive scan frames per second

text: 24 progressive scan frames per second

question: What does 50i mean?

answer: 25 interlaced frames per second

text: 25 interlaced frames per second

question: When naming a commercial HDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what?

answer: a resolution

text: a resolution


text: The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: The

text: funeral

text: and

text: burial

text: for

text: Donda

text: West

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: on

text: November

text: West

text: played

text: his

text: first

text: concert

text: following

text: the

text: funeral

text: at

text: The

text: in

text: London

text: on

text: November

text: He

text: dedicated

text: a

text: performance

text: of

text: Hey

text: Mama

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: cover

text: of

text: Journey

text: 's

text: Do

text: n't

text: Stop

text: Believin

text: to

text: his

text: mother

text: and

text: did

text: so

text: on

text: all

text: other

text: dates

text: of

text: his

text: Glow

text: in

text: the

text: Dark

text: tour

question: Where was Donda West's funeral?

answer: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma City

question: What songs did Kanye dedicate to his late mother as his performance at The O2 in London?

answer: "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'"

text: "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'"

question: In what city was the funeral and burial for Donda West held?

answer: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma City

question: On what day was the funeral of Donda West?

answer: November 20, 2007

text: November 20, 2007

question: What day was Kanye's first concert after the death of his mother?

answer: November 22

text: November 22

question: On what tour did Kanye perform "Hey Mama" and his version of Journey's "Don't Stop Believing" in memory of his mother?

answer: Glow in the Dark tour

text: Glow in the Dark tour


text: Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: he

text: travelled

text: with

text: his

text: all

text: female

text: Amazonian

text: Guard

text: who

text: were

text: allegedly

text: sworn

text: to

text: a

text: life

text: of

text: celibacy

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: psychologist

text: Seham

text: Sergewa

text: after

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: guards

text: told

text: her

text: they

text: had

text: been

text: pressured

text: into

text: joining

text: and

text: raped

text: by

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: senior

text: officials

text: He

text: hired

text: several

text: Ukrainian

text: nurses

text: to

text: care

text: for

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: 's

text: health

text: and

text: traveled

text: everywhere

text: with

text: his

text: trusted

text: Ukrainian

text: nurse

text: Halyna

text: Kolotnytska

text: Kolotnytska

text: 's

text: daughter

text: denied

text: the

text: suggestion

text: that

text: the

text: relationship

text: was

text: anything

text: but

text: professional

question: What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard?

answer: Amazonian Guard

text: Amazonian Guard

question: In what decade was Gaddafi first accompanied by his female bodyguard?

answer: 1980s

question: What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality?

answer: Ukrainian

text: Ukrainian

question: What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska?

answer: nurse

text: nurse

question: What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?

answer: professional

text: professional


text:
Consequently, steam reforming typically employs an excess of H
2O. Additional hydrogen can be recovered from the steam by use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction, especially with an iron oxide catalyst. This reaction is also a common industrial source of carbon dioxide:

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Consequently

text: steam

text: reforming

text: typically

text: employs

text: an

text: excess

text: of

text: H

text: Additional

text: hydrogen

text: can

text: be

text: recovered

text: from

text: the

text: steam

text: by

text: use

text: of

text: carbon

text: monoxide

text: through

text: the

text: water

text: gas

text: shift

text: reaction

text: especially

text: with

text: an

text: iron

text: oxide

text: catalyst

text: This

text: reaction

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: common

text: industrial

text: source

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

question: How can it be recovered through steam?

answer: use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction

text: use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction


text: The Bohr magneton and the nuclear magneton are units which are used to describe the magnetic properties of the electron and atomic nuclei respectively. The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment which would be expected for an electron if it behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics. It is defined in terms of the reduced Planck constant, the elementary charge and the electron mass, all of which depend on the Planck constant: the final dependence on h1/2 (r2 > 0.995) can be found by expanding the variables.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: The

text: Bohr

text: magneton

text: and

text: the

text: nuclear

text: magneton

text: are

text: units

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: magnetic

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: and

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: respectively

text: The

text: Bohr

text: magneton

text: is

text: the

text: magnetic

text: moment

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: expected

text: for

text: an

text: electron

text: if

text: it

text: behaved

text: as

text: a

text: spinning

text: charge

text: according

text: to

text: classical

text: electrodynamics

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

text: the

text: elementary

text: charge

text: and

text: the

text: electron

text: mass

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: the

text: final

text: dependence

text: on

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: by

text: expanding

text: the

text: variables

question: What is the unit of magentic properties of the electron?

answer: Bohr magneton

text: Bohr magneton

question: What is the unit of magentic properties of atomic nuclei?

answer: nuclear magneton

text: nuclear magneton

question: The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment of an electron under what restriction?

answer: behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics

text: behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics

question: What three terms define the Bohr magneton value?

answer: the reduced Planck constant, the elementary charge and the electron mass

text: the reduced Planck constant, the elementary charge and the electron mass


text: The brushless wound-rotor synchronous doubly-fed (BWRSDF) machine is the only electric machine with a truly dual ported transformer circuit topology (i.e., both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port). The dual ported transformer circuit topology is known to be unstable and requires a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set. If a precision means were available to instantaneously control torque angle and slip for synchronous operation during motoring or generating while simultaneously providing brushless power to the rotor winding set, the active current of the BWRSDF machine would be independent of the reactive impedance of the transformer circuit and bursts of torque significantly higher than the maximum operating torque and far beyond the practical capability of any other type of electric machine would be realizable. Torque bursts greater than eight times operating torque have been calculated.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: The

text: brushless

text: wound

text: rotor

text: synchronous

text: doubly

text: fed

text: BWRSDF

text: machine

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: electric

text: machine

text: with

text: a

text: truly

text: dual

text: ported

text: transformer

text: circuit

text: topology

text: i.e.

text: both

text: ports

text: independently

text: excited

text: with

text: no

text: short

text: circuited

text: port

text: The

text: dual

text: ported

text: transformer

text: circuit

text: topology

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: unstable

text: and

text: requires

text: a

text: multiphase

text: slip

text: ring

text: brush

text: assembly

text: to

text: propagate

text: limited

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: rotor

text: winding

text: set

text: If

text: a

text: precision

text: means

text: were

text: available

text: to

text: instantaneously

text: control

text: torque

text: angle

text: and

text: slip

text: for

text: synchronous

text: operation

text: during

text: motoring

text: or

text: generating

text: while

text: simultaneously

text: providing

text: brushless

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: rotor

text: winding

text: set

text: the

text: active

text: current

text: of

text: the

text: BWRSDF

text: machine

text: would

text: be

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: reactive

text: impedance

text: of

text: the

text: transformer

text: circuit

text: and

text: bursts

text: of

text: torque

text: significantly

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: maximum

text: operating

text: torque

text: and

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: practical

text: capability

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: type

text: of

text: electric

text: machine

text: would

text: be

text: realizable

text: Torque

text: bursts

text: greater

text: than

text: eight

text: times

text: operating

text: torque

text: have

text: been

text: calculated

question: What is the only device with dual ported transformer circuit topology?

answer: brushless wound-rotor

text: brushless wound-rotor

question: What is a brushless wound-rotor?

answer: both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port

text: both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port

question: How does a brushless wound rotor achieve stability?

answer: a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set

text: a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set

question: What is the theoretical maximum of a brushless wound rotor?

answer: eight times operating torque

text: eight times operating torque


text: Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Organisations

text: such

text: as

text: Wetherspoons

text: Punch

text: Taverns

text: and

text: O'Neill

text: 's

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: Beer

text: Orders

text: A

text: PubCo

text: is

text: a

text: company

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: retailing

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: beverages

text: while

text: a

text: Pub

text: chain

text: may

text: be

text: run

text: either

text: by

text: a

text: PubCo

text: or

text: by

text: a

text: brewery

question: Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders?

answer: O'Neill's

text: O'Neill's

question: What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks?

answer: PubCo

text: PubCo

question: Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain?

answer: PubCo

text: PubCo

question: In what country was Punch Taverns established?

answer: the UK

text: the UK


text: Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues).

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Saint

text: FM

text: provided

text: a

text: local

text: radio

text: service

text: for

text: the

text: island

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: available

text: on

text: internet

text: radio

text: and

text: relayed

text: in

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: The

text: station

text: was

text: not

text: government

text: funded

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: closed

text: on

text: December

text: It

text: broadcast

text: news

text: features

text: and

text: music

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: its

text: sister

text: newspaper

text: the

text: St

text: Helena

text: Independent

text: which

text: continues

question: What date was Saint FM radio launched?

answer: January 2005

text: January 2005

question: What date was Saint FM radio closed?

answer: 21 December 2012

text: 21 December 2012

question: Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio?

answer: St Helena Independent

text: St Helena Independent


text: One check on a magistrate's power was his collegiality. Each magisterial office would be held concurrently by at least two people. Another such check was provocatio. Provocatio was a primordial form of due process. It was a precursor to habeas corpus. If any magistrate tried to use the powers of the state against a citizen, that citizen could appeal the decision of the magistrate to a tribune. In addition, once a magistrate's one-year term of office expired, he would have to wait ten years before serving in that office again. This created problems for some consuls and praetors, and these magistrates would occasionally have their imperium extended. In effect, they would retain the powers of the office (as a promagistrate), without officially holding that office.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: One

text: check

text: on

text: a

text: magistrate

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: his

text: collegiality

text: Each

text: magisterial

text: office

text: would

text: be

text: held

text: concurrently

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: people

text: Another

text: such

text: check

text: was

text: provocatio

text: Provocatio

text: was

text: a

text: primordial

text: form

text: of

text: due

text: process

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: precursor

text: to

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: If

text: any

text: magistrate

text: tried

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: against

text: a

text: citizen

text: that

text: citizen

text: could

text: appeal

text: the

text: decision

text: of

text: the

text: magistrate

text: to

text: a

text: tribune

text: In

text: addition

text: once

text: a

text: magistrate

text: 's

text: one

text: year

text: term

text: of

text: office

text: expired

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: wait

text: ten

text: years

text: before

text: serving

text: in

text: that

text: office

text: again

text: This

text: created

text: problems

text: for

text: some

text: consuls

text: and

text: praetors

text: and

text: these

text: magistrates

text: would

text: occasionally

text: have

text: their

text: imperium

text: extended

text: In

text: effect

text: they

text: would

text: retain

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: office

text: as

text: a

text: promagistrate

text: without

text: officially

text: holding

text: that

text: office

question: How long concurrently could an elected magistrate serve in office?

answer: one-year

text: one-year

question: How many people would serve concurrently in a single magisterial office?

answer: at least two people

text: at least two people

question: What form of due process was a harbinger of our vary own habeas corpus?

answer: Provocatio

text: Provocatio

question: What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued?

answer: promagistrate

text: promagistrate

question: Who would a Roman go see in an attempt to reverse the decision of a magistrate?

answer: a tribune

text: a tribune


text: Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Ethnohistory

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: ethnographic

text: cultures

text: and

text: indigenous

text: customs

text: by

text: examining

text: historical

text: records

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: various

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: that

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: exist

text: today

text: Ethnohistory

text: uses

text: both

text: historical

text: and

text: ethnographic

text: data

text: as

text: its

text: foundation

text: Its

text: historical

text: methods

text: and

text: materials

text: go

text: beyond

text: the

text: standard

text: use

text: of

text: documents

text: and

text: manuscripts

text: Practitioners

text: recognize

text: the

text: utility

text: of

text: such

text: source

text: material

text: as

text: maps

text: music

text: paintings

text: photography

text: folklore

text: oral

text: tradition

text: site

text: exploration

text: archaeological

text: materials

text: museum

text: collections

text: enduring

text: customs

text: language

text: and

text: place

text: names

question: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?

answer: by examining historical records

text: by examining historical records

question: Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?

answer: ethnic

text: ethnic

question: What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?

answer: its foundation

text: its foundation

question: What do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of?

answer: documents and manuscripts

text: documents and manuscripts

question: Who recognizes the utility of music, folkore and language?

answer: Practitioners

text: Practitioners


text: In 2002, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, a party with about 10% of the Legislative Yuan seats at the time, suggested making Taiwanese a second official language. This proposal encountered strong opposition not only from Mainlander groups but also from Hakka and Taiwanese aboriginal groups who felt that it would slight their home languages, as well as others including Hoklo who objected to the proposal on logistical grounds and on the grounds that it would increase ethnic tensions. Because of these objections, support for this measure was lukewarm among moderate Taiwan independence supporters, and the proposal did not pass.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: In

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Solidarity

text: Union

text: a

text: party

text: with

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Yuan

text: seats

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: suggested

text: making

text: Taiwanese

text: a

text: second

text: official

text: language

text: This

text: proposal

text: encountered

text: strong

text: opposition

text: not

text: only

text: from

text: Mainlander

text: groups

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: Hakka

text: and

text: Taiwanese

text: aboriginal

text: groups

text: who

text: felt

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: slight

text: their

text: home

text: languages

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: others

text: including

text: Hoklo

text: who

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: proposal

text: on

text: logistical

text: grounds

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: increase

text: ethnic

text: tensions

text: Because

text: of

text: these

text: objections

text: support

text: for

text: this

text: measure

text: was

text: lukewarm

text: among

text: moderate

text: Taiwan

text: independence

text: supporters

text: and

text: the

text: proposal

text: did

text: not

text: pass

question: How was the proposal taken from mainland and aboriginal groups?

answer: This proposal encountered strong opposition

text: This proposal encountered strong opposition

question: What was the fate of the proposal to make Taiwanese the second official language?

answer: the proposal did not pass

text: the proposal did not pass

question: What year was it proposed to make Taiwanese the second official language?

answer: 2002

question: Hoklo objected to the proposal because it would increase what tensions?

answer: ethnic

text: ethnic

question: What party wanted to make Taiwanese a second official language?

answer: Taiwan Solidarity Union

text: Taiwan Solidarity Union


text: The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: in

text: pre

text: kindergarten

text: education

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Institute

text: for

text: Early

text: Education

text: Research

text: rated

text: it

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: standards

text: quality

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: pre

text: kindergarten

text: education

text: in

text: calling

text: it

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: early

text: childhood

text: schooling

text: High

text: school

text: dropout

text: rate

text: decreased

text: from

text: to

text: percent

text: between

text: and

text: with

text: Oklahoma

text: ranked

text: among

text: other

text: states

text: with

text: percent

text: or

text: less

text: dropout

text: rate

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: for

text: the

text: relative

text: number

text: of

text: adults

text: with

text: high

text: school

text: diplomas

text: though

text: at

text: percent

text: it

text: had

text: the

text: highest

text: rate

text: among

text: southern

text: states

question: Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?

answer: National Institute for Early Education Research

text: National Institute for Early Education Research

question: When was Oklahoma's pre-K called 'a model for early childhood schooling'?

answer: 2004

question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2007?

answer: 3.1

question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2008?

answer: 2.5 percent

text: 2.5 percent

question: What percent of Oklahomans have graduated high school?

answer: 85.2 percent

text: 85.2 percent


text: Another important building is the falekaupule or maneapa the traditional island meeting hall, where important matters are discussed and which is also used for wedding celebrations and community activities such as a fatele involving music, singing and dancing. Falekaupule is also used as the name of the council of elders – the traditional decision making body on each island. Under the Falekaupule Act, Falekaupule means "traditional assembly in each island...composed in accordance with the Aganu of each island". Aganu means traditional customs and culture.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Another

text: important

text: building

text: is

text: the

text: falekaupule

text: or

text: maneapa

text: the

text: traditional

text: island

text: meeting

text: hall

text: where

text: important

text: matters

text: are

text: discussed

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: wedding

text: celebrations

text: and

text: community

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: fatele

text: involving

text: music

text: singing

text: and

text: dancing

text: Falekaupule

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: of

text: elders

text: the

text: traditional

text: decision

text: making

text: body

text: on

text: each

text: island

text: Under

text: the

text: Falekaupule

text: Act

text: Falekaupule

text: means

text: traditional

text: assembly

text: in

text: each

text: island

text: composed

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: Aganu

text: of

text: each

text: island

text: Aganu

text: means

text: traditional

text: customs

text: and

text: culture

question: What type of structure is the falekaupule?

answer: meeting hall

text: meeting hall

question: Besides meetings, for what other use is the meeting hall used?

answer: celebrations

text: celebrations

question: Aside from being defined as a meeting hall, what other definition does falekaupule have?

answer: council of elders

text: council of elders

question: What is the traditional use of the falekaupule?

answer: decision making body

text: decision making body

question: What is the traditional customs and culture on Tuvalu?

answer: Aganu

text: Aganu


text: Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR).

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Retrotransposons

text: can

text: be

text: transcribed

text: into

text: RNA

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: duplicated

text: at

text: another

text: site

text: into

text: the

text: genome

text: Retrotransposons

text: can

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: Long

text: terminal

text: repeats

text: LTRs

text: and

text: Non

text: Long

text: Terminal

text: Repeats

text: Non

text: LTR

question: What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?

answer: RNA

text: RNA


text: The colophons of ancient manuscripts, dated as late as the 20th century, refer to Kathmandu as Kasthamandap Mahanagar in Nepal Mandala. Mahanagar means "great city". The city is called "Kasthamandap" in a vow that Buddhist priests still recite to this day. Thus, Kathmandu is also known as Kasthamandap. During medieval times, the city was sometimes called Kantipur (कान्तिपुर). This name is derived from two Sanskrit words - Kanti and pur. "Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: colophons

text: of

text: ancient

text: manuscripts

text: dated

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: refer

text: to

text: Kathmandu

text: as

text: Kasthamandap

text: Mahanagar

text: in

text: Nepal

text: Mandala

text: Mahanagar

text: means

text: great

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: called

text: Kasthamandap

text: in

text: a

text: vow

text: that

text: Buddhist

text: priests

text: still

text: recite

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: Thus

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Kasthamandap

text: During

text: medieval

text: times

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Kantipur

text: कान्तिपुर

text: This

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: two

text: Sanskrit

text: words

text: Kanti

text: and

text: pur

text: Kanti

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: Goddess

text: Lakshmi

text: and

text: pur

text: means

text: place

question: What is the ancient name of Kathmandu?

answer: Kasthamandap Mahanagar

text: Kasthamandap Mahanagar

question: How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English?

answer: Kantipur

text: Kantipur

question: Who is also called Kanti?

answer: Lakshmi

text: Lakshmi

question: How do you say place in Sanskrit?

answer: pur

text: pur

question: What is the English translation of Mahanagar?

answer: great city

text: great city


text: Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction—to Jupiter in the night sky; hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery. At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet. Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope. In July 2009, University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was at least aware that the 'star' he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: recorded

text: observations

text: ever

text: made

text: through

text: a

text: telescope

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: drawings

text: on

text: December

text: and

text: January

text: contain

text: plotted

text: points

text: that

text: match

text: up

text: with

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Neptune

text: On

text: both

text: occasions

text: Galileo

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: mistaken

text: Neptune

text: for

text: a

text: fixed

text: star

text: when

text: it

text: appeared

text: close

text: in

text: conjunction

text: to

text: Jupiter

text: in

text: the

text: night

text: sky

text: hence

text: he

text: is

text: not

text: credited

text: with

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: discovery

text: At

text: his

text: first

text: observation

text: in

text: December

text: Neptune

text: was

text: almost

text: stationary

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: because

text: it

text: had

text: just

text: turned

text: retrograde

text: that

text: day

text: This

text: apparent

text: backward

text: motion

text: is

text: created

text: when

text: Earth

text: 's

text: orbit

text: takes

text: it

text: past

text: an

text: outer

text: planet

text: Because

text: Neptune

text: was

text: only

text: beginning

text: its

text: yearly

text: retrograde

text: cycle

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: was

text: far

text: too

text: slight

text: to

text: be

text: detected

text: with

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: small

text: telescope

text: In

text: July

text: University

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: physicist

text: David

text: Jamieson

text: announced

text: new

text: evidence

text: suggesting

text: that

text: Galileo

text: was

text: at

text: least

text: aware

text: that

text: the

text: star

text: he

text: had

text: observed

text: had

text: moved

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: fixed

text: stars

question: Who drew Neptune after observing it with a telescope?

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

question: What was Neptune mistaken for at first?

answer: a fixed star

text: a fixed star

question: What happens when Neptune goes retrograde?

answer: Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet

text: Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet

question: What date was Neptune drawn first?

answer: 28 December 1612

text: 28 December 1612

question: Who recently researched the original observation of Neptune?

answer: David Jamieson

text: David Jamieson


text: Birds sometimes use plumage to assess and assert social dominance, to display breeding condition in sexually selected species, or to make threatening displays, as in the sunbittern's mimicry of a large predator to ward off hawks and protect young chicks. Variation in plumage also allows for the identification of birds, particularly between species. Visual communication among birds may also involve ritualised displays, which have developed from non-signalling actions such as preening, the adjustments of feather position, pecking, or other behaviour. These displays may signal aggression or submission or may contribute to the formation of pair-bonds. The most elaborate displays occur during courtship, where "dances" are often formed from complex combinations of many possible component movements; males' breeding success may depend on the quality of such displays.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: sometimes

text: use

text: plumage

text: to

text: assess

text: and

text: assert

text: social

text: dominance

text: to

text: display

text: breeding

text: condition

text: in

text: sexually

text: selected

text: species

text: or

text: to

text: make

text: threatening

text: displays

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: sunbittern

text: 's

text: mimicry

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: predator

text: to

text: ward

text: off

text: hawks

text: and

text: protect

text: young

text: chicks

text: Variation

text: in

text: plumage

text: also

text: allows

text: for

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: birds

text: particularly

text: between

text: species

text: Visual

text: communication

text: among

text: birds

text: may

text: also

text: involve

text: ritualised

text: displays

text: which

text: have

text: developed

text: from

text: non

text: signalling

text: actions

text: such

text: as

text: preening

text: the

text: adjustments

text: of

text: feather

text: position

text: pecking

text: or

text: other

text: behaviour

text: These

text: displays

text: may

text: signal

text: aggression

text: or

text: submission

text: or

text: may

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: pair

text: bonds

text: The

text: most

text: elaborate

text: displays

text: occur

text: during

text: courtship

text: where

text: dances

text: are

text: often

text: formed

text: from

text: complex

text: combinations

text: of

text: many

text: possible

text: component

text: movements

text: males

text: breeding

text: success

text: may

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: such

text: displays

question: What allows for the identification of birds, particularly between species?

answer: Variation in plumage

text: Variation in plumage

question: What do birds sometimes use to assess and assert social dominance?

answer: plumage

text: plumage

question: Visual communication among birds may involve what kind of displays?

answer: ritualised displays

text: ritualised displays