text: Other religions that form a small percentage are Buddhism and Sikhism. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti region are mainly Buddhists. Sikhs mostly live in towns and cities and constitute 1.16% of the state population. For example, they form 10% of the population in Una District adjoining the state of Punjab and 17% in Shimla, the state capital. The Buddhists constitute 1.15% are mainly natives and tribals from Lahaul and Spiti, where they form majority of 60% and Kinnaur where they form 40%, however the bulk are refugees from Tibet. The Muslims constitute slightly 2.18% of the population of Himachal Pradesh.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Other

text: religions

text: that

text: form

text: a

text: small

text: percentage

text: are

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Sikhism

text: The

text: Lahaulis

text: of

text: Lahaul

text: and

text: Spiti

text: region

text: are

text: mainly

text: Buddhists

text: Sikhs

text: mostly

text: live

text: in

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: and

text: constitute

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: population

text: For

text: example

text: they

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: Una

text: District

text: adjoining

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Punjab

text: and

text: in

text: Shimla

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: The

text: Buddhists

text: constitute

text: are

text: mainly

text: natives

text: and

text: tribals

text: from

text: Lahaul

text: and

text: Spiti

text: where

text: they

text: form

text: majority

text: of

text: and

text: Kinnaur

text: where

text: they

text: form

text: however

text: the

text: bulk

text: are

text: refugees

text: from

text: Tibet

text: The

text: Muslims

text: constitute

text: slightly

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

question: What other religions form a small percentage?

answer: Buddhism and Sikhism

text: Buddhism and Sikhism

question: Who are mainly Buddhists?

answer: Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti

text: Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti

question: What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh?

answer: slightly 2.18%

text: slightly 2.18%

question: Where do Sikhs mostly live?

answer: towns and cities

text: towns and cities

question: HOw much of the population do Sikh's make up?

answer: 1.16%


text: During weekday lunchtime, over 150 lunch carts and food trucks from neighborhood restaurants cater to different student populations throughout Yale's campus. The carts cluster at three main points: by Yale – New Haven Hospital in the center of the Hospital Green (Cedar and York streets), by Yale's Trumbull College (Elm and York streets), and on the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets by the Yale School of Management. Popular farmers' markets, managed by the local non-profit CitySeed, set up shop weekly in several neighborhoods, including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven Green.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: During

text: weekday

text: lunchtime

text: over

text: lunch

text: carts

text: and

text: food

text: trucks

text: from

text: neighborhood

text: restaurants

text: cater

text: to

text: different

text: student

text: populations

text: throughout

text: Yale

text: 's

text: campus

text: The

text: carts

text: cluster

text: at

text: three

text: main

text: points

text: by

text: Yale

text: New

text: Haven

text: Hospital

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Hospital

text: Green

text: Cedar

text: and

text: York

text: streets

text: by

text: Yale

text: 's

text: Trumbull

text: College

text: Elm

text: and

text: York

text: streets

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: Prospect

text: and

text: Sachem

text: streets

text: by

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: Popular

text: farmers

text: markets

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: local

text: non

text: profit

text: CitySeed

text: set

text: up

text: shop

text: weekly

text: in

text: several

text: neighborhoods

text: including

text: Westville

text: Edgewood

text: Park

text: Fair

text: Haven

text: Upper

text: State

text: Street

text: Wooster

text: Square

text: and

text: Downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: Green

question: At what cross streets, marking the center of the Hospital Green of Yale - New Haven Hospital, do food carts congregate on weekdays?

answer: Cedar and York streets

text: Cedar and York streets

question: What college of Yale is located at Elm and York Streets in New Haven?

answer: Trumbull College

text: Trumbull College

question: What school of Yale is located nearest the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets?

answer: Yale School of Management

text: Yale School of Management

question: What New Haven non-profit manages the farmer's markets that service various neighborhoods weekly throughout the area?

answer: CitySeed

text: CitySeed

question: How many lunch carts are there in Yale's Campus during lunchtime?

answer: over 150

text: over 150

question: Who manages New Haven's farmers' market?

answer: Fair Haven,

text: Fair Haven,

question: New Haven Hospital is located at where in Hospital Green?

answer: Cedar and York streets

text: Cedar and York streets


text: Seattle also has large lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. According to a 2006 study by UCLA, 12.9% of city residents polled identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. metropolitan areas, with 6.5% of the population identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. According to 2012 estimates from the United States Census Bureau, Seattle has the highest percentage of same-sex households in the United States, at 2.6 per cent, surpassing San Francisco.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: also

text: has

text: large

text: lesbian

text: gay

text: bisexual

text: and

text: transgender

text: populations

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: UCLA

text: of

text: city

text: residents

text: polled

text: identified

text: as

text: gay

text: lesbian

text: or

text: bisexual

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: proportion

text: of

text: any

text: major

text: U.S.

text: city

text: behind

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Greater

text: Seattle

text: also

text: ranked

text: second

text: among

text: major

text: U.S.

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: identifying

text: as

text: gay

text: lesbian

text: or

text: bisexual

text: According

text: to

text: estimates

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: Seattle

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: percentage

text: of

text: same

text: sex

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: at

text: per

text: cent

text: surpassing

text: San

text: Francisco

question: By a UCLA study,how many Seattle residents identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual?

answer: 12.9%

question: How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities?

answer: second-highest

text: second-highest

question: What city ranked higher in population in the gay community?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: What is Seattle's percentage of same sex households?

answer: 2.6

question: What is Seattle's ranking for same sex households as compared with the rest of the US?

answer: highest percentage

text: highest percentage


text: The Slovenian countryside displays a variety of disguised groups and individual characters among which the most popular and characteristic is the Kurent (plural: Kurenti), a monstrous and demon-like, but fluffy figure. The most significant festival is held in Ptuj (see: Kurentovanje). Its special feature are the Kurents themselves, magical creatures from another world, who visit major events throughout the country, trying to banish the winter and announce spring's arrival, fertility, and new life with noise and dancing. The origin of the Kurent is a mystery, and not much is known of the times, beliefs, or purposes connected with its first appearance. The origin of the name itself is obscure.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: Slovenian

text: countryside

text: displays

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: disguised

text: groups

text: and

text: individual

text: characters

text: among

text: which

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: and

text: characteristic

text: is

text: the

text: Kurent

text: plural

text: Kurenti

text: a

text: monstrous

text: and

text: demon

text: like

text: but

text: fluffy

text: figure

text: The

text: most

text: significant

text: festival

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: Ptuj

text: see

text: Kurentovanje

text: Its

text: special

text: feature

text: are

text: the

text: Kurents

text: themselves

text: magical

text: creatures

text: from

text: another

text: world

text: who

text: visit

text: major

text: events

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: trying

text: to

text: banish

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: announce

text: spring

text: 's

text: arrival

text: fertility

text: and

text: new

text: life

text: with

text: noise

text: and

text: dancing

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: Kurent

text: is

text: a

text: mystery

text: and

text: not

text: much

text: is

text: known

text: of

text: the

text: times

text: beliefs

text: or

text: purposes

text: connected

text: with

text: its

text: first

text: appearance

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: itself

text: is

text: obscure

question: What countryside has multiple groups and individuals in disguise?

answer: Slovenian

text: Slovenian

question: Kurent is monstrous and demon-like, but also what?

answer: fluffy

text: fluffy

question: Where is the most significant Slovenian festival held?

answer: Ptuj

text: Ptuj

question: Who are magical creatures from another world?

answer: the Kurents

text: the Kurents

question: What do the Kurents try to banish?

answer: winter

text: winter


text: A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Eton had received a total of £5,300 in CAP subsidies between 2002 and 2007. Panorama revealed in March 2012 that farming subsidies were granted to Eton for 'environmental improvements', in effect 'being paid without having to do any farming at all'.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: A

text: Freedom

text: of

text: Information

text: request

text: in

text: revealed

text: that

text: Eton

text: had

text: received

text: in

text: farming

text: subsidies

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: Common

text: Agricultural

text: Policy

text: Asked

text: to

text: explain

text: under

text: what

text: grounds

text: it

text: was

text: eligible

text: to

text: receive

text: farming

text: subsidies

text: Eton

text: admitted

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: bit

text: of

text: a

text: mystery

text: The

text: TaxPayers

text: Alliance

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: Eton

text: had

text: received

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: in

text: CAP

text: subsidies

text: between

text: and

text: Panorama

text: revealed

text: in

text: March

text: that

text: farming

text: subsidies

text: were

text: granted

text: to

text: Eton

text: for

text: environmental

text: improvements

text: in

text: effect

text: being

text: paid

text: without

text: having

text: to

text: do

text: any

text: farming

text: at

text: all

question: How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?

answer: £2,652

question: Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?

answer: Common Agricultural Policy

text: Common Agricultural Policy

question: What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?

answer: environmental improvements

text: environmental improvements


text: Bell was connected with the eugenics movement in the United States. In his lecture Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race presented to the National Academy of Sciences on November 13, 1883 he noted that congenitally deaf parents were more likely to produce deaf children and tentatively suggested that couples where both parties were deaf should not marry. However, it was his hobby of livestock breeding which led to his appointment to biologist David Starr Jordan's Committee on Eugenics, under the auspices of the American Breeders' Association. The committee unequivocally extended the principle to man. From 1912 until 1918 he was the chairman of the board of scientific advisers to the Eugenics Record Office associated with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, and regularly attended meetings. In 1921, he was the honorary president of the Second International Congress of Eugenics held under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Organisations such as these advocated passing laws (with success in some states) that established the compulsory sterilization of people deemed to be, as Bell called them, a "defective variety of the human race." By the late 1930s, about half the states in the U.S. had eugenics laws, and California's compulsory sterilization law was used as a model for that of Nazi Germany.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: was

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: eugenics

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: his

text: lecture

text: Memoir

text: upon

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: deaf

text: variety

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: race

text: presented

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: on

text: November

text: he

text: noted

text: that

text: congenitally

text: deaf

text: parents

text: were

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: produce

text: deaf

text: children

text: and

text: tentatively

text: suggested

text: that

text: couples

text: where

text: both

text: parties

text: were

text: deaf

text: should

text: not

text: marry

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: his

text: hobby

text: of

text: livestock

text: breeding

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: his

text: appointment

text: to

text: biologist

text: David

text: Starr

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: Committee

text: on

text: Eugenics

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Breeders

text: Association

text: The

text: committee

text: unequivocally

text: extended

text: the

text: principle

text: to

text: man

text: From

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: of

text: scientific

text: advisers

text: to

text: the

text: Eugenics

text: Record

text: Office

text: associated

text: with

text: Cold

text: Spring

text: Harbor

text: Laboratory

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: regularly

text: attended

text: meetings

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: honorary

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: International

text: Congress

text: of

text: Eugenics

text: held

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Organisations

text: such

text: as

text: these

text: advocated

text: passing

text: laws

text: with

text: success

text: in

text: some

text: states

text: that

text: established

text: the

text: compulsory

text: sterilization

text: of

text: people

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: as

text: Bell

text: called

text: them

text: a

text: defective

text: variety

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: race

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: about

text: half

text: the

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: had

text: eugenics

text: laws

text: and

text: California

text: 's

text: compulsory

text: sterilization

text: law

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: that

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

question: What kind of parents did Bell state were more prone to having deaf children?

answer: congenitally deaf parents

text: congenitally deaf parents

question: In 1921 the American Museum of Natural History hosted what event?

answer: Second International Congress of Eugenics

text: Second International Congress of Eugenics

question: Which biologist ran the Committee on Eugenics?

answer: David Starr

text: David Starr

question: What did Bell like to do that led to his involvement with eugenics?

answer: livestock breeding

text: livestock breeding


text: There is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels of 100–300 mg may interfere with the utilization of copper and iron or adversely affect cholesterol. Levels of zinc in excess of 500 ppm in soil interfere with the ability of plants to absorb other essential metals, such as iron and manganese. There is also a condition called the zinc shakes or "zinc chills" that can be induced by the inhalation of freshly formed zinc oxide formed during the welding of galvanized materials. Zinc is a common ingredient of denture cream which may contain between 17 and 38 mg of zinc per gram. There have been claims of disability, and even death, due to excessive use of these products.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: There

text: is

text: evidence

text: of

text: induced

text: copper

text: deficiency

text: in

text: those

text: taking

text: mg

text: of

text: zinc

text: daily

text: A

text: trial

text: observed

text: that

text: elderly

text: men

text: taking

text: mg

text: daily

text: were

text: hospitalized

text: for

text: urinary

text: complications

text: more

text: often

text: than

text: those

text: taking

text: a

text: placebo

text: The

text: USDA

text: RDA

text: is

text: and

text: mg

text: Zn

text: day

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: respectively

text: Levels

text: of

text: mg

text: may

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: utilization

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: iron

text: or

text: adversely

text: affect

text: cholesterol

text: Levels

text: of

text: zinc

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: ppm

text: in

text: soil

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: plants

text: to

text: absorb

text: other

text: essential

text: metals

text: such

text: as

text: iron

text: and

text: manganese

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: condition

text: called

text: the

text: zinc

text: shakes

text: or

text: zinc

text: chills

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: induced

text: by

text: the

text: inhalation

text: of

text: freshly

text: formed

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: formed

text: during

text: the

text: welding

text: of

text: galvanized

text: materials

text: Zinc

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: ingredient

text: of

text: denture

text: cream

text: which

text: may

text: contain

text: between

text: and

text: mg

text: of

text: zinc

text: per

text: gram

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: claims

text: of

text: disability

text: and

text: even

text: death

text: due

text: to

text: excessive

text: use

text: of

text: these

text: products

question: What kind of deficiency is common from taking 100-300mg of zinc daily?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What kind of complications were seen in men taking 80mg zinc a day?

answer: urinary

text: urinary

question: Having an excess of 500ppm of zinc in soil interferes with what?

answer: ability of plants to absorb other essential metals

text: ability of plants to absorb other essential metals

question: What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide?

answer: zinc shakes or "zinc chills"

text: zinc shakes or "zinc chills"

question: People have claimed that the excessive use of what common product has caused disability and death?

answer: denture cream

text: denture cream


text: The city is also a leading center of popular culture and music. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. These include the 10,000-seat National Auditorium that regularly schedules the Spanish and English-language pop and rock artists, as well as many of the world's leading performing arts ensembles, the auditorium also broadcasts Grand Opera performances from New York's Metropolitan Opera on giant, high definition screens. In 2007 National Auditorium was selected world's best venue by multiple genre media.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: leading

text: center

text: of

text: popular

text: culture

text: and

text: music

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: venues

text: hosting

text: Spanish

text: and

text: foreign

text: language

text: performers

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: National

text: Auditorium

text: that

text: regularly

text: schedules

text: the

text: Spanish

text: and

text: English

text: language

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: artists

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: leading

text: performing

text: arts

text: ensembles

text: the

text: auditorium

text: also

text: broadcasts

text: Grand

text: Opera

text: performances

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Metropolitan

text: Opera

text: on

text: giant

text: high

text: definition

text: screens

text: In

text: National

text: Auditorium

text: was

text: selected

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: venue

text: by

text: multiple

text: genre

text: media

question: How many people does the National Auditorium hold?

answer: 10,000

question: What main languages are supported by shows at the National Auditorium?

answer: Spanish and English

text: Spanish and English

question: What year was the National Auditorium voted best in the world?

answer: 2007

question: How can you see the Grand Opera of New York in Mexico City?

answer: giant, high definition screens

text: giant, high definition screens


text: Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus beans including most common beans, tepary beans and lima beans, tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, peanuts, cocoa beans (used to make chocolate), vanilla, strawberries, pineapples, Peppers (species and varieties of Capsicum, including bell peppers, jalapeños, paprika and chili peppers) sunflower seeds, rubber, brazilwood, chicle, tobacco, coca, manioc and some species of cotton.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Many

text: crops

text: first

text: domesticated

text: by

text: indigenous

text: Americans

text: are

text: now

text: produced

text: and

text: used

text: globally

text: Chief

text: among

text: these

text: is

text: maize

text: or

text: corn

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: crop

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Other

text: significant

text: crops

text: include

text: cassava

text: chia

text: squash

text: pumpkins

text: zucchini

text: marrow

text: acorn

text: squash

text: butternut

text: squash

text: the

text: pinto

text: bean

text: Phaseolus

text: beans

text: including

text: most

text: common

text: beans

text: tepary

text: beans

text: and

text: lima

text: beans

text: tomatoes

text: potatoes

text: avocados

text: peanuts

text: cocoa

text: beans

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: chocolate

text: vanilla

text: strawberries

text: pineapples

text: Peppers

text: species

text: and

text: varieties

text: of

text: Capsicum

text: including

text: bell

text: peppers

text: jalapeños

text: paprika

text: and

text: chili

text: peppers

text: sunflower

text: seeds

text: rubber

text: brazilwood

text: chicle

text: tobacco

text: coca

text: manioc

text: and

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: cotton

question: What global industry owes its existence to having been domesticated by indigenous Americans?

answer: Many crops

text: Many crops

question: What is arguably the most important crop in the world?

answer: corn

text: corn

question: Squash, beans, and peppers are all examples of what type of crop?

answer: significant

text: significant

question: What type of bean is used to make chocolate?

answer: cocoa

text: cocoa

question: Who do we owe gratitude for even some species of cotton to?

answer: indigenous Americans

text: indigenous Americans


text: Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: Heat

text: is

text: energy

text: in

text: transit

text: that

text: flows

text: due

text: to

text: temperature

text: difference

text: Unlike

text: heat

text: transmitted

text: by

text: thermal

text: conduction

text: or

text: thermal

text: convection

text: thermal

text: radiation

text: can

text: propagate

text: through

text: a

text: vacuum

text: Thermal

text: radiation

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: particular

text: spectrum

text: of

text: many

text: wavelengths

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: emission

text: from

text: an

text: object

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: vibration

text: of

text: its

text: molecules

text: at

text: a

text: given

text: temperature

text: Thermal

text: radiation

text: can

text: be

text: emitted

text: from

text: objects

text: at

text: any

text: wavelength

text: and

text: at

text: very

text: high

text: temperatures

text: such

text: radiations

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: spectra

text: far

text: above

text: the

text: infrared

text: extending

text: into

text: visible

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: even

text: X

text: ray

text: regions

text: i.e.

text: the

text: solar

text: corona

text: Thus

text: the

text: popular

text: association

text: of

text: infrared

text: radiation

text: with

text: thermal

text: radiation

text: is

text: only

text: a

text: coincidence

text: based

text: on

text: typical

text: comparatively

text: low

text: temperatures

text: often

text: found

text: near

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: planet

text: Earth

question: What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?

answer: Heat

text: Heat

question: What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?

answer: thermal radiation

text: thermal radiation

question: What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?

answer: the solar corona

text: the solar corona

question: The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?

answer: infrared

text: infrared


text: During the board process an officer's record is reviewed by a selection board at the Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. At the 10 to 11 year mark, captains will take part in a selection board to major. If not selected, they will meet a follow-on board to determine if they will be allowed to remain in the Air Force. Promotion from major to lieutenant colonel is similar and occurs approximately between the thirteen year (for officers who were promoted to major early "below the zone") and the fifteen year mark, where a certain percentage of majors will be selected below zone (i.e., "early"), in zone (i.e., "on time") or above zone (i.e., "late") for promotion to lieutenant colonel. This process will repeat at the 16 year mark (for officers previously promoted early to major and lieutenant colonel) to the 21 year mark for promotion to full colonel.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: During

text: the

text: board

text: process

text: an

text: officer

text: 's

text: record

text: is

text: reviewed

text: by

text: a

text: selection

text: board

text: at

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Personnel

text: Center

text: at

text: Randolph

text: Air

text: Force

text: Base

text: in

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Texas

text: At

text: the

text: to

text: year

text: mark

text: captains

text: will

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: a

text: selection

text: board

text: to

text: major

text: If

text: not

text: selected

text: they

text: will

text: meet

text: a

text: follow

text: on

text: board

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: they

text: will

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Promotion

text: from

text: major

text: to

text: lieutenant

text: colonel

text: is

text: similar

text: and

text: occurs

text: approximately

text: between

text: the

text: thirteen

text: year

text: for

text: officers

text: who

text: were

text: promoted

text: to

text: major

text: early

text: below

text: the

text: zone

text: and

text: the

text: fifteen

text: year

text: mark

text: where

text: a

text: certain

text: percentage

text: of

text: majors

text: will

text: be

text: selected

text: below

text: zone

text: i.e.

text: early

text: in

text: zone

text: i.e.

text: on

text: time

text: or

text: above

text: zone

text: i.e.

text: late

text: for

text: promotion

text: to

text: lieutenant

text: colonel

text: This

text: process

text: will

text: repeat

text: at

text: the

text: year

text: mark

text: for

text: officers

text: previously

text: promoted

text: early

text: to

text: major

text: and

text: lieutenant

text: colonel

text: to

text: the

text: year

text: mark

text: for

text: promotion

text: to

text: full

text: colonel

question: Where is an officer's record in the USAF reviewed for a promotion?

answer: Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base

text: Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base

question: What state is the Randolph Air Force Base located in?

answer: Texas

text: Texas

question: When does promotion from major to lieutenant colonel in the USAF typically occur?

answer: thirteen year

text: thirteen year

question: The promotion process repeats when for officers promoted early in the USAF?

answer: 16 year mark

text: 16 year mark


text: The rotating armature consists of one or more coils of wire wound around a laminated, magnetically "soft" ferromagnetic core. Current from the brushes flows through the commutator and one winding of the armature, making it a temporary magnet (an electromagnet). The magnetic field produced by the armature interacts with a stationary magnetic field produced by either PMs or another winding a field coil, as part of the motor frame. The force between the two magnetic fields tends to rotate the motor shaft. The commutator switches power to the coils as the rotor turns, keeping the magnetic poles of the rotor from ever fully aligning with the magnetic poles of the stator field, so that the rotor never stops (like a compass needle does), but rather keeps rotating as long as power is applied.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: The

text: rotating

text: armature

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: coils

text: of

text: wire

text: wound

text: around

text: a

text: laminated

text: magnetically

text: soft

text: ferromagnetic

text: core

text: Current

text: from

text: the

text: brushes

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: commutator

text: and

text: one

text: winding

text: of

text: the

text: armature

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: temporary

text: magnet

text: an

text: electromagnet

text: The

text: magnetic

text: field

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: armature

text: interacts

text: with

text: a

text: stationary

text: magnetic

text: field

text: produced

text: by

text: either

text: PMs

text: or

text: another

text: winding

text: a

text: field

text: coil

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: motor

text: frame

text: The

text: force

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: tends

text: to

text: rotate

text: the

text: motor

text: shaft

text: The

text: commutator

text: switches

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: coils

text: as

text: the

text: rotor

text: turns

text: keeping

text: the

text: magnetic

text: poles

text: of

text: the

text: rotor

text: from

text: ever

text: fully

text: aligning

text: with

text: the

text: magnetic

text: poles

text: of

text: the

text: stator

text: field

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: rotor

text: never

text: stops

text: like

text: a

text: compass

text: needle

text: does

text: but

text: rather

text: keeps

text: rotating

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: power

text: is

text: applied

question: Current flowing to create a temporary magent is called what?

answer: electromagnet

text: electromagnet

question: What rotates the motor shaft?

answer: force between the two magnetic fields

text: force between the two magnetic fields

question: What element of the motor keeps the poles from alligning?

answer: commutator

text: commutator

question: What non-motor device demonstrates why a commutator is needed?

answer: compass

text: compass


text: Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the caché of Indigenous art in the United States, the U.S. passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, requiring artists to prove that they are enrolled in a state or federally recognized tribe. To support the ongoing practice of American Indian, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian arts and cultures in the United States, the Ford Foundation, arts advocates and American Indian tribes created an endowment seed fund and established a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation in 2007.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Visual

text: arts

text: by

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: comprise

text: a

text: major

text: category

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: art

text: collection

text: Contributions

text: include

text: pottery

text: paintings

text: jewellery

text: weavings

text: sculptures

text: basketry

text: carvings

text: and

text: beadwork

text: Because

text: too

text: many

text: artists

text: were

text: posing

text: as

text: Native

text: Americans

text: and

text: Alaska

text: Natives

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: profit

text: from

text: the

text: caché

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: art

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: U.S.

text: passed

text: the

text: Indian

text: Arts

text: and

text: Crafts

text: Act

text: of

text: requiring

text: artists

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: enrolled

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: or

text: federally

text: recognized

text: tribe

text: To

text: support

text: the

text: ongoing

text: practice

text: of

text: American

text: Indian

text: Alaska

text: Native

text: and

text: Native

text: Hawaiian

text: arts

text: and

text: cultures

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Ford

text: Foundation

text: arts

text: advocates

text: and

text: American

text: Indian

text: tribes

text: created

text: an

text: endowment

text: seed

text: fund

text: and

text: established

text: a

text: national

text: Native

text: Arts

text: and

text: Cultures

text: Foundation

text: in

question: What comprises a major category in the world art collection?

answer: Visual arts by indigenous peoples

text: Visual arts by indigenous peoples

question: Pottery, weavings and carvings are just some of the contributions to art by which peoples?

answer: indigenous

text: indigenous

question: Why did the U.S. pass the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990?

answer: too many artists were posing as Native Americans

text: too many artists were posing as Native Americans

question: What does the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 require artists to prove they're enrolled in?

answer: a state or federally recognized tribe

text: a state or federally recognized tribe

question: When was a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation established?

answer: 2007


text: A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: A

text: framework

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: by

text: Heinz

text: Kloss

text: abstand

text: and

text: ausbau

text: languages

text: to

text: describe

text: speech

text: communities

text: that

text: while

text: unified

text: politically

text: and/or

text: culturally

text: include

text: multiple

text: dialects

text: which

text: though

text: closely

text: related

text: genetically

text: may

text: be

text: divergent

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: inter

text: dialect

text: unintelligibility

question: Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework?

answer: Heinz Kloss

text: Heinz Kloss

question: In what year was the abstand and ausbau framework developed?

answer: 1967

question: What sort of unification in speech communities did the abstand and ausbau framework discuss?

answer: politically and/or culturally

text: politically and/or culturally


text: A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: A

text: second

text: biotechnology

text: district

text: is

text: being

text: planned

text: for

text: the

text: median

text: strip

text: on

text: Frontage

text: Road

text: on

text: land

text: cleared

text: for

text: the

text: never

text: built

text: Route

text: extension

text: As

text: of

text: late

text: a

text: Pfizer

text: drug

text: testing

text: clinic

text: a

text: medical

text: laboratory

text: building

text: serving

text: Yale

text: New

text: Haven

text: Hospital

text: and

text: a

text: mixed

text: use

text: structure

text: containing

text: parking

text: housing

text: and

text: office

text: space

text: have

text: been

text: constructed

text: on

text: this

text: corridor

text: A

text: former

text: SNET

text: telephone

text: building

text: at

text: George

text: Street

text: is

text: being

text: converted

text: into

text: lab

text: space

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: so

text: far

text: quite

text: successful

text: in

text: attracting

text: biotechnology

text: and

text: medical

text: firms

question: On the median strip of what road is New Haven planning to create a secondary biotechnology district?

answer: Frontage

text: Frontage

question: What was originally slated to be built at the site of the proposed area for the secondary biotechnology district?

answer: Route 34 extension

text: Route 34 extension

question: What major pharmaceutical company is currently operating a drug clinic in New Haven within the new biotechnology corridor?

answer: Pfizer

text: Pfizer

question: What is the former SNET building in New Haven currently being converted for in the effort of attracting new medical or biotechnology firms?

answer: lab space

text: lab space

question: Where will the second planned biotechnology district located?

answer: Frontage Road

text: Frontage Road

question: What was the former name of the place now serving as a biotech building on 300 George Street?

answer: SNET telephone building

text: SNET telephone building

question: When was the opening of first building in the second biotech district?

answer: late 2009

text: late 2009


text: Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century, and in the Basilical of Santi Maria e Donato in Murano with a restored apse mosaic from the 12th century and a beautiful mosaic pavement (1140). The apse of the San Cipriano Church in Murano was decorated with an impressive golden mosaic from the early 13th century showing Christ enthroned with Mary, St John and the two patron saints, Cipriano and Cipriana. When the church was demolished in the 19th century, the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia. It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Other

text: important

text: Venetian

text: mosaics

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: Assunta

text: in

text: Torcello

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Basilical

text: of

text: Santi

text: Maria

text: e

text: Donato

text: in

text: Murano

text: with

text: a

text: restored

text: apse

text: mosaic

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: a

text: beautiful

text: mosaic

text: pavement

text: The

text: apse

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Cipriano

text: Church

text: in

text: Murano

text: was

text: decorated

text: with

text: an

text: impressive

text: golden

text: mosaic

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: showing

text: Christ

text: enthroned

text: with

text: Mary

text: St

text: John

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: patron

text: saints

text: Cipriano

text: and

text: Cipriana

text: When

text: the

text: church

text: was

text: demolished

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: mosaic

text: was

text: bought

text: by

text: Frederick

text: William

text: IV

text: of

text: Prussia

text: It

text: was

text: reassembled

text: in

text: the

text: Friedenskirche

text: of

text: Potsdam

text: in

text: the

question: Where is the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta?

answer: Torcello

text: Torcello

question: When were the mosaics in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta built?

answer: the 12th century

text: the 12th century

question: Where is the Basilica of Santi Maria e Donato located?

answer: Murano

text: Murano

question: Who purchased the 13th century mosaic from the the San Cipriano Church?

answer: Frederick William IV of Prussia

text: Frederick William IV of Prussia

question: Where did Frederick William IV relocate the mural he purchased?

answer: the Friedenskirche of Potsdam

text: the Friedenskirche of Potsdam


text: The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: British

text: America

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Britain

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: overseas

text: possession

text: is

text: seen

text: by

text: some

text: historians

text: as

text: the

text: event

text: defining

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: empires

text: in

text: which

text: Britain

text: shifted

text: its

text: attention

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: Americas

text: to

text: Asia

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: later

text: Africa

text: Adam

text: Smith

text: 's

text: Wealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: published

text: in

text: had

text: argued

text: that

text: colonies

text: were

text: redundant

text: and

text: that

text: free

text: trade

text: should

text: replace

text: the

text: old

text: mercantilist

text: policies

text: that

text: had

text: characterised

text: the

text: first

text: period

text: of

text: colonial

text: expansion

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: protectionism

text: of

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: The

text: growth

text: of

text: trade

text: between

text: the

text: newly

text: independent

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Britain

text: after

text: seemed

text: to

text: confirm

text: Smith

text: 's

text: view

text: that

text: political

text: control

text: was

text: not

text: necessary

text: for

text: economic

text: success

question: What book by Adam Smith was published in 1776?

answer: Wealth of Nations

text: Wealth of Nations

question: The growth of trade between the US and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm whose views?

answer: Smith

text: Smith

question: In the 'second' British Empire period, Britain refocused on which areas?

answer: Asia, the Pacific and later Africa

text: Asia, the Pacific and later Africa

question: What had been Britain's most populous overseas possession?

answer: British America

text: British America

question: Who argued that colonies were redundant?

answer: Adam Smith

text: Adam Smith


text: Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be recycled with ordinary paper.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Some

text: manufacturers

text: have

text: started

text: using

text: a

text: new

text: significantly

text: more

text: environmentally

text: friendly

text: alternative

text: to

text: expanded

text: plastic

text: packaging

text: Made

text: out

text: of

text: paper

text: and

text: known

text: commercially

text: as

text: paperfoam

text: the

text: new

text: packaging

text: has

text: very

text: similar

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: to

text: some

text: expanded

text: plastic

text: packaging

text: but

text: is

text: biodegradable

text: and

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: recycled

text: with

text: ordinary

text: paper

question: What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?

answer: paperfoam

text: paperfoam

question: What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?

answer: biodegradable

text: biodegradable

question: What is paperfoam primarily made of?

answer: paper

text: paper

question: How is paperfoam commonly disposed of?

answer: recycled

text: recycled


text: The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century later, when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed.[note 1] The Greek genocide, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign, was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: ethnic

text: Greek

text: identity

text: and

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: religion

text: continued

text: after

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: state

text: in

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: constitution

text: of

text: a

text: Greek

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: any

text: Christian

text: resident

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Greece

text: a

text: clause

text: removed

text: by

text: A

text: century

text: later

text: when

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lausanne

text: was

text: signed

text: between

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: agreed

text: to

text: use

text: religion

text: as

text: the

text: determinant

text: for

text: ethnic

text: identity

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: population

text: exchange

text: although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: displaced

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: million

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: driven

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: agreement

text: was

text: signed.[note

text: The

text: Greek

text: genocide

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: harsh

text: removal

text: of

text: Pontian

text: Greeks

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: shore

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: contemporaneous

text: with

text: and

text: following

text: the

text: failed

text: Greek

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: Campaign

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: process

text: of

text: Turkification

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: its

text: economy

text: and

text: trade

text: then

text: largely

text: in

text: Greek

text: hands

text: under

text: ethnic

text: Turkish

text: control

question: When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ?

answer: creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830

text: creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830

question: Is this identifying factor for official citizens of Greece still in effect today ?

answer: clause removed by 1840

text: clause removed by 1840

question: How did the original  Constitution identify its society members ?

answer: a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece

text: a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece

question: When was the original Grecian constitution formed ?

answer: first Greek constitution of 1822

text: first Greek constitution of 1822

question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the  Lausanne Treaty ?

answer: agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange

text: agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange


text: Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013).

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Both

text: the

text: council

text: members

text: and

text: the

text: mayor

text: serve

text: four

text: year

text: terms

text: face

text: term

text: limits

text: Council

text: members

text: are

text: nominated

text: by

text: their

text: wards

text: via

text: a

text: ward

text: level

text: primary

text: held

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: top

text: vote

text: earners

text: from

text: each

text: party

text: then

text: compete

text: at

text: large

text: for

text: their

text: ward

text: 's

text: seat

text: on

text: the

text: November

text: ballot

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: on

text: election

text: day

text: the

text: whole

text: city

text: votes

text: on

text: all

text: the

text: council

text: races

text: up

text: for

text: that

text: year

text: Council

text: elections

text: are

text: severed

text: Wards

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: mayor

text: are

text: up

text: for

text: election

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: most

text: recently

text: while

text: Wards

text: and

text: share

text: another

text: year

text: most

text: recently

question: When is Tucson's city council primary?

answer: September

text: September

question: How long are Tucson's city council terms?

answer: four-year

text: four-year

question: When is Tucson's city council general election?

answer: November

text: November

question: Which wards elect city council members in the same year as the mayor?

answer: 1, 2, and 4

text: 1, 2, and 4

question: Which wards elect city council members in the alternate year from the mayor?

answer: 3, 5, and 6

text: 3, 5, and 6


text: In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: In

text: football

text: faced

text: a

text: crisis

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: reforms

text: of

text: to

text: solve

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: serious

text: injuries

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: mood

text: of

text: alarm

text: and

text: mistrust

text: and

text: while

text: the

text: crisis

text: was

text: developing

text: the

text: presidents

text: of

text: Harvard

text: Yale

text: and

text: Princeton

text: developed

text: a

text: project

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: sport

text: and

text: forestall

text: possible

text: radical

text: changes

text: forced

text: by

text: government

text: upon

text: the

text: sport

text: President

text: Arthur

text: Hadley

text: of

text: Yale

text: A.

text: Lawrence

text: Lowell

text: of

text: Harvard

text: and

text: Woodrow

text: Wilson

text: of

text: Princeton

text: worked

text: to

text: develop

text: moderate

text: changes

text: to

text: reduce

text: injuries

text: Their

text: attempts

text: however

text: were

text: reduced

text: by

text: rebellion

text: against

text: the

text: rules

text: committee

text: and

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Intercollegiate

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: The

text: big

text: three

text: had

text: tried

text: to

text: operate

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: but

text: changes

text: did

text: reduce

text: injuries

question: Who attempted to enact measures of football reform?

answer: the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton

text: the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton

question: What did the rebellion to the new football measures start?

answer: Intercollegiate Athletic Association

text: Intercollegiate Athletic Association

question: Who was president of Yale during the rebellion?

answer: Arthur Hadley

text: Arthur Hadley

question: Who represented Harvard during the rule changing debates?

answer: A. Lawrence Lowell

text: A. Lawrence Lowell

question: Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions?

answer: Woodrow Wilson

text: Woodrow Wilson


text: As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, and pictorial signs could be readily recognised when lettering and words could not be read.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: As

text: many

text: pubs

text: are

text: centuries

text: old

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: early

text: customers

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: read

text: and

text: pictorial

text: signs

text: could

text: be

text: readily

text: recognised

text: when

text: lettering

text: and

text: words

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: read

question: What type of pub signs were useful to an illiterate clientele?

answer: pictorial signs

text: pictorial signs


text: Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the Encyclopædia Britannica, scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for "hydroairplanes" and two for selenium cells. Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Although

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: Bell

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: telephone

text: his

text: interests

text: were

text: extremely

text: varied

text: According

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: biographers

text: Charlotte

text: Gray

text: Bell

text: 's

text: work

text: ranged

text: unfettered

text: across

text: the

text: scientific

text: landscape

text: and

text: he

text: often

text: went

text: to

text: bed

text: voraciously

text: reading

text: the

text: Encyclopædia

text: Britannica

text: scouring

text: it

text: for

text: new

text: areas

text: of

text: interest

text: The

text: range

text: of

text: Bell

text: 's

text: inventive

text: genius

text: is

text: represented

text: only

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: patents

text: granted

text: in

text: his

text: name

text: alone

text: and

text: the

text: he

text: shared

text: with

text: his

text: collaborators

text: These

text: included

text: for

text: the

text: telephone

text: and

text: telegraph

text: four

text: for

text: the

text: photophone

text: one

text: for

text: the

text: phonograph

text: five

text: for

text: aerial

text: vehicles

text: four

text: for

text: hydroairplanes

text: and

text: two

text: for

text: selenium

text: cells

text: Bell

text: 's

text: inventions

text: spanned

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: interests

text: and

text: included

text: a

text: metal

text: jacket

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: breathing

text: the

text: audiometer

text: to

text: detect

text: minor

text: hearing

text: problems

text: a

text: device

text: to

text: locate

text: icebergs

text: investigations

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: separate

text: salt

text: from

text: seawater

text: and

text: work

text: on

text: finding

text: alternative

text: fuels

question: What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading?

answer: Encyclopædia Britannica

text: Encyclopædia Britannica

question: How many solo patents did Bell get?

answer: 18

question: How many patents did Bell co-author?

answer: 12


text: The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes, the differential change in the internal energy of the system (with a gain in energy signified by a positive quantity) is given as

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: The

text: first

text: law

text: of

text: thermodynamics

text: asserts

text: that

text: energy

text: but

text: not

text: necessarily

text: thermodynamic

text: free

text: energy

text: is

text: always

text: conserved

text: and

text: that

text: heat

text: flow

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: energy

text: transfer

text: For

text: homogeneous

text: systems

text: with

text: a

text: well

text: defined

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: a

text: commonly

text: used

text: corollary

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: law

text: is

text: that

text: for

text: a

text: system

text: subject

text: only

text: to

text: pressure

text: forces

text: and

text: heat

text: transfer

text: e.g.

text: a

text: cylinder

text: full

text: of

text: gas

text: without

text: chemical

text: changes

text: the

text: differential

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: internal

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: with

text: a

text: gain

text: in

text: energy

text: signified

text: by

text: a

text: positive

text: quantity

text: is

text: given

text: as

question: What asserts that energy is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer.

answer: first law of thermodynamics

text: first law of thermodynamics

question: The first law of thermodynamics asserts that what is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: What is a commonly used corollary of the first law?

answer: for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes

text: for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes


text: Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by posturing and raising of their nape feathers. Ultraviolet light is also used in foraging—kestrels have been shown to search for prey by detecting the UV reflective urine trail marks left on the ground by rodents. The eyelids of a bird are not used in blinking. Instead the eye is lubricated by the nictitating membrane, a third eyelid that moves horizontally. The nictitating membrane also covers the eye and acts as a contact lens in many aquatic birds. The bird retina has a fan shaped blood supply system called the pecten. Most birds cannot move their eyes, although there are exceptions, such as the great cormorant. Birds with eyes on the sides of their heads have a wide visual field, while birds with eyes on the front of their heads, such as owls, have binocular vision and can estimate the depth of field. The avian ear lacks external pinnae but is covered by feathers, although in some birds, such as the Asio, Bubo and Otus owls, these feathers form tufts which resemble ears. The inner ear has a cochlea, but it is not spiral as in mammals.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Many

text: birds

text: show

text: plumage

text: patterns

text: in

text: ultraviolet

text: that

text: are

text: invisible

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: some

text: birds

text: whose

text: sexes

text: appear

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: are

text: distinguished

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: ultraviolet

text: reflective

text: patches

text: on

text: their

text: feathers

text: Male

text: blue

text: tits

text: have

text: an

text: ultraviolet

text: reflective

text: crown

text: patch

text: which

text: is

text: displayed

text: in

text: courtship

text: by

text: posturing

text: and

text: raising

text: of

text: their

text: nape

text: feathers

text: Ultraviolet

text: light

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: foraging

text: kestrels

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: search

text: for

text: prey

text: by

text: detecting

text: the

text: UV

text: reflective

text: urine

text: trail

text: marks

text: left

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: by

text: rodents

text: The

text: eyelids

text: of

text: a

text: bird

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: blinking

text: Instead

text: the

text: eye

text: is

text: lubricated

text: by

text: the

text: nictitating

text: membrane

text: a

text: third

text: eyelid

text: that

text: moves

text: horizontally

text: The

text: nictitating

text: membrane

text: also

text: covers

text: the

text: eye

text: and

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: contact

text: lens

text: in

text: many

text: aquatic

text: birds

text: The

text: bird

text: retina

text: has

text: a

text: fan

text: shaped

text: blood

text: supply

text: system

text: called

text: the

text: pecten

text: Most

text: birds

text: can

text: not

text: move

text: their

text: eyes

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: exceptions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: great

text: cormorant

text: Birds

text: with

text: eyes

text: on

text: the

text: sides

text: of

text: their

text: heads

text: have

text: a

text: wide

text: visual

text: field

text: while

text: birds

text: with

text: eyes

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: their

text: heads

text: such

text: as

text: owls

text: have

text: binocular

text: vision

text: and

text: can

text: estimate

text: the

text: depth

text: of

text: field

text: The

text: avian

text: ear

text: lacks

text: external

text: pinnae

text: but

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: feathers

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: birds

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Asio

text: Bubo

text: and

text: Otus

text: owls

text: these

text: feathers

text: form

text: tufts

text: which

text: resemble

text: ears

text: The

text: inner

text: ear

text: has

text: a

text: cochlea

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: spiral

text: as

text: in

text: mammals

question: What covers the eye and acts as a contact lens in many aquatic birds?

answer: nictitating membrane

text: nictitating membrane

question: What is the fan shaped blood supply system in a bird's retina?

answer: pecten

text: pecten

question: Which birds have a wide visual field?

answer: Birds with eyes on the sides of their heads

text: Birds with eyes on the sides of their heads

question: What kind of vision do owls have?

answer: binocular vision

text: binocular vision

question: Where is a bird's cochlea located?

answer: inner ear

text: inner ear


text: The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry continue to be mainstays of Alpine culture, industries that provide for export to the cities and maintain the mountain ecology.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: million

text: spread

text: across

text: eight

text: countries

text: On

text: the

text: rim

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: on

text: the

text: plateaus

text: and

text: the

text: plains

text: the

text: economy

text: consists

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: service

text: jobs

text: whereas

text: in

text: the

text: higher

text: altitudes

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: farming

text: is

text: still

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: economy

text: Farming

text: and

text: forestry

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: mainstays

text: of

text: Alpine

text: culture

text: industries

text: that

text: provide

text: for

text: export

text: to

text: the

text: cities

text: and

text: maintain

text: the

text: mountain

text: ecology

question: What is the population of the Alpine region?

answer: 14 million

text: 14 million

question: What does the economy consist of on the rim of the mountains?

answer: manufacturing and service jobs

text: manufacturing and service jobs

question: Farming and Forestry continue to be a mainstay of what?

answer: Alpine culture

text: Alpine culture


text: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: composed

text: only

text: three

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Jewish

text: population

text: while

text: at

text: their

text: peak

text: in

text: they

text: accounted

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Jews

text: Immediately

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: stood

text: at

text: approximately

text: million

text: Statistical

text: figures

text: vary

text: for

text: the

text: contemporary

text: demography

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: oscillating

text: between

text: million

text: and

text: million

text: Sergio

text: DellaPergola

text: in

text: a

text: rough

text: calculation

text: of

text: Sephardic

text: and

text: Mizrahi

text: Jews

text: implies

text: that

text: Ashkenazi

text: make

text: up

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: Jews

text: worldwide

text: Other

text: estimates

text: place

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: as

text: making

text: up

text: about

text: of

text: Jews

text: worldwide

question: According to Sergio DellaPergola, what percent of Jews worldwide do Ashkenazi Jews's make up?

answer: 74%

question: During what century did Ashkenazi Jews make up around three percent of the Jewish population worldwide?

answer: 11th century

text: 11th century

question: Prior to which major event were there approximately 16.7 million Jews in the world?

answer: Holocaust

text: Holocaust

question: During what year did Ashkenazi Jews account for 92 percent of Jews worldwide?

answer: 1931

question: By 1931, what percentage of the world’s Jews were Ashkenazi Jews?

answer: 92 percent

text: 92 percent

question: How many Jews were there in the world just prior to the Holocaust?

answer: 16.7 million

text: 16.7 million

question: From the 11th century until 1931, the population of Ashkenazi Jews grew by what percent?

answer: three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent

text: three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent

question: Who made rough calculations and implied that Ashkenazi Jews make up less than 74% of the Jewish population worldwide?

answer: Sergio DellaPergola

text: Sergio DellaPergola

question: The present-day population of Ashkenazi Jews is thought to be between which two numbers?

answer: 10 million and 11.2 million

text: 10 million and 11.2 million


text: Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001. The team's stadium is the Mestalla; its city rival Levante UD also plays in the highest division after gaining promotion in 2010, their stadium is Estadi Ciutat de València. From the year 2011 there has been a third team in the city, Huracán Valencia, who play their games in Municipal de Manises, in the Segunda División B.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Valencia

text: is

text: also

text: internationally

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: football

text: club

text: Valencia

text: C.F.

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: Spanish

text: league

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: it

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: for

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: six

text: times

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: UEFA

text: Champions

text: League

text: runner

text: up

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: team

text: 's

text: stadium

text: is

text: the

text: Mestalla

text: its

text: city

text: rival

text: Levante

text: UD

text: also

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: division

text: after

text: gaining

text: promotion

text: in

text: their

text: stadium

text: is

text: Estadi

text: Ciutat

text: de

text: València

text: From

text: the

text: year

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: third

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Huracán

text: Valencia

text: who

text: play

text: their

text: games

text: in

text: Municipal

text: de

text: Manises

text: in

text: the

text: Segunda

text: División

text: B.

question: When did Valencia C.F. win the UEFA Cup?

answer: 2004

question: How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league?

answer: six

text: six

question: What is Levante UD's stadium?

answer: Estadi Ciutat de València

text: Estadi Ciutat de València

question: In which division does Huracan Valencia play?

answer: Segunda División B

text: Segunda División B

question: Where does Huracan Valencia play?

answer: Municipal de Manises

text: Municipal de Manises


text: A loblolly pine, known as the "Eisenhower Pine", was located on Augusta's 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. The tree was removed in February 2014 after an ice storm caused it significant damage.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: A

text: loblolly

text: pine

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Eisenhower

text: Pine

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: Augusta

text: 's

text: hole

text: approximately

text: yards

text: m

text: from

text: the

text: Masters

text: tee

text: President

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: an

text: Augusta

text: National

text: member

text: hit

text: the

text: tree

text: so

text: many

text: times

text: that

text: at

text: a

text: club

text: meeting

text: he

text: proposed

text: that

text: it

text: be

text: cut

text: down

text: Not

text: wanting

text: to

text: offend

text: the

text: president

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: chairman

text: Clifford

text: Roberts

text: immediately

text: adjourned

text: the

text: meeting

text: rather

text: than

text: reject

text: the

text: request

text: The

text: tree

text: was

text: removed

text: in

text: February

text: after

text: an

text: ice

text: storm

text: caused

text: it

text: significant

text: damage

question: At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located?

answer: 17th

question: How many meters away from the Masters tee on Augusta's 17th was the Eisenhower Pine?

answer: 192

question: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?

answer: cut down

text: cut down

question: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?

answer: ice storm

text: ice storm

question: In what year did Eisenhower propose that the pine tree named after him be removed?

answer: 1956


text: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: Some

text: other

text: popular

text: sights

text: are

text: the

text: Waterloo

text: Column

text: the

text: Laves

text: House

text: the

text: Wangenheim

text: Palace

text: the

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: State

text: Archives

text: the

text: Hanover

text: Playhouse

text: the

text: Kröpcke

text: Clock

text: the

text: Anzeiger

text: Tower

text: Block

text: the

text: Administration

text: Building

text: of

text: the

text: NORD

text: LB

text: the

text: Cupola

text: Hall

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: Centre

text: the

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Stock

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Finance

text: the

text: Garten

text: Church

text: the

text: Luther

text: Church

text: the

text: Gehry

text: Tower

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: architect

text: Frank

text: O.

text: Gehry

text: the

text: specially

text: designed

text: Bus

text: Stops

text: the

text: Opera

text: House

text: the

text: Central

text: Station

text: the

text: Maschsee

text: lake

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: forest

text: Eilenriede

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: around

text: parks

text: forests

text: and

text: gardens

text: a

text: couple

text: of

text: lakes

text: two

text: rivers

text: and

text: one

text: canal

text: Hanover

text: offers

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: leisure

text: activities

question: Who designed the Gehry Tower?

answer: Frank O. Gehry

text: Frank O. Gehry

question: What is notable about the city forest Eilenriede?

answer: one of the largest of its kind in Europe

text: one of the largest of its kind in Europe

question: What nationality was the architect of the Gehry Tower?

answer: American

text: American

question: How many parks are there approximately in Hanover?

answer: 40

question: How many rivers run through Hanover?

answer: two

text: two


text: Lighting is classified by intended use as general, accent, or task lighting, depending largely on the distribution of the light produced by the fixture.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Lighting

text: is

text: classified

text: by

text: intended

text: use

text: as

text: general

text: accent

text: or

text: task

text: lighting

text: depending

text: largely

text: on

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: fixture

question: A light is classified by intended purpose, what mainly changes its classification?

answer: light produced by the fixture.

text: light produced by the fixture.


text: Also labeled an Orphist by Apollinaire, Marcel Duchamp was responsible for another extreme development inspired by Cubism. The ready-made arose from a joint consideration that the work itself is considered an object (just as a painting), and that it uses the material detritus of the world (as collage and papier collé in the Cubist construction and Assemblage). The next logical step, for Duchamp, was to present an ordinary object as a self-sufficient work of art representing only itself. In 1913 he attached a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool and in 1914 selected a bottle-drying rack as a sculpture in its own right.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: Also

text: labeled

text: an

text: Orphist

text: by

text: Apollinaire

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: another

text: extreme

text: development

text: inspired

text: by

text: Cubism

text: The

text: ready

text: made

text: arose

text: from

text: a

text: joint

text: consideration

text: that

text: the

text: work

text: itself

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: object

text: just

text: as

text: a

text: painting

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: uses

text: the

text: material

text: detritus

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: collage

text: and

text: papier

text: collé

text: in

text: the

text: Cubist

text: construction

text: and

text: Assemblage

text: The

text: next

text: logical

text: step

text: for

text: Duchamp

text: was

text: to

text: present

text: an

text: ordinary

text: object

text: as

text: a

text: self

text: sufficient

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: representing

text: only

text: itself

text: In

text: he

text: attached

text: a

text: bicycle

text: wheel

text: to

text: a

text: kitchen

text: stool

text: and

text: in

text: selected

text: a

text: bottle

text: drying

text: rack

text: as

text: a

text: sculpture

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: right

question: By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled an Orphanist?

answer: Apollinaire

text: Apollinaire

question: What two items did Duchamp attach together in 1913?

answer: a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool

text: a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool

question: What object did Duchamp select in 1914 as a scuplture by itself?

answer: bottle-drying rack

text: bottle-drying rack


text: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Anti

text: miscegenation

text: laws

text: were

text: passed

text: in

text: most

text: states

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: but

text: this

text: did

text: not

text: prevent

text: white

text: slaveholders

text: their

text: sons

text: or

text: other

text: powerful

text: white

text: men

text: from

text: taking

text: slave

text: women

text: as

text: concubines

text: and

text: having

text: multiracial

text: children

text: with

text: them

text: In

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: US

text: there

text: were

text: greater

text: numbers

text: of

text: Latino

text: and

text: Asian

text: residents

text: These

text: were

text: prohibited

text: from

text: official

text: relationships

text: with

text: whites

text: White

text: legislators

text: passed

text: laws

text: prohibiting

text: marriage

text: between

text: European

text: and

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: until

text: the

question: What were put in place to prevent the mix of races?

answer: Anti-miscegenation laws

text: Anti-miscegenation laws

question: Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing?

answer: white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them

text: white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them

question: Where was there greater numbers of Latinos and Asian residents?

answer: In California and the western US

text: In California and the western US

question: When were the laws against marriage between Asians and Europeans lifted?

answer: 1950s

question: What races were prohibited from official relationships with whites?

answer: Latino and Asian residents

text: Latino and Asian residents

question: When were anti-miscegenation laws passed?

answer: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries

text: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries

question: Were Latino residents also prohibited from marrying whites?

answer: were prohibited from official relationships with whites.

text: were prohibited from official relationships with whites.

question: Did these laws change behavior of white slaveholders and other powerful white men?

answer: this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines

text: this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines

question: Which region has greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents?

answer: In California and the western US,

text: In California and the western US,

question: Were there any laws against marriage between whites and Asians in the US?

answer: White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

text: White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

question: In the western US, who were not allowed to have relationships with whites?

answer: Latino and Asian residents

text: Latino and Asian residents

question: When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?

answer: the 1950s

text: the 1950s

question: Who were taking slaves as concubines?

answer: white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men

text: white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men


text: A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the AC and resulting magnetic field which drives it. Another way of saying this is that it has zero slip under usual operating conditions. Contrast this with an induction motor, which must slip to produce torque. One type of synchronous motor is like an induction motor except the rotor is excited by a DC field. Slip rings and brushes are used to conduct current to the rotor. The rotor poles connect to each other and move at the same speed hence the name synchronous motor. Another type, for low load torque, has flats ground onto a conventional squirrel-cage rotor to create discrete poles. Yet another, such as made by Hammond for its pre-World War II clocks, and in the older Hammond organs, has no rotor windings and discrete poles. It is not self-starting. The clock requires manual starting by a small knob on the back, while the older Hammond organs had an auxiliary starting motor connected by a spring-loaded manually operated switch.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: A

text: synchronous

text: electric

text: motor

text: is

text: an

text: AC

text: motor

text: distinguished

text: by

text: a

text: rotor

text: spinning

text: with

text: coils

text: passing

text: magnets

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: rate

text: as

text: the

text: AC

text: and

text: resulting

text: magnetic

text: field

text: which

text: drives

text: it

text: Another

text: way

text: of

text: saying

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: zero

text: slip

text: under

text: usual

text: operating

text: conditions

text: Contrast

text: this

text: with

text: an

text: induction

text: motor

text: which

text: must

text: slip

text: to

text: produce

text: torque

text: One

text: type

text: of

text: synchronous

text: motor

text: is

text: like

text: an

text: induction

text: motor

text: except

text: the

text: rotor

text: is

text: excited

text: by

text: a

text: DC

text: field

text: Slip

text: rings

text: and

text: brushes

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: conduct

text: current

text: to

text: the

text: rotor

text: The

text: rotor

text: poles

text: connect

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: move

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: speed

text: hence

text: the

text: name

text: synchronous

text: motor

text: Another

text: type

text: for

text: low

text: load

text: torque

text: has

text: flats

text: ground

text: onto

text: a

text: conventional

text: squirrel

text: cage

text: rotor

text: to

text: create

text: discrete

text: poles

text: Yet

text: another

text: such

text: as

text: made

text: by

text: Hammond

text: for

text: its

text: pre

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: clocks

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: older

text: Hammond

text: organs

text: has

text: no

text: rotor

text: windings

text: and

text: discrete

text: poles

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: self

text: starting

text: The

text: clock

text: requires

text: manual

text: starting

text: by

text: a

text: small

text: knob

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: while

text: the

text: older

text: Hammond

text: organs

text: had

text: an

text: auxiliary

text: starting

text: motor

text: connected

text: by

text: a

text: spring

text: loaded

text: manually

text: operated

text: switch

question: How much slip does a synchronous motor have?

answer: zero

text: zero

question: How does an induction motor produce torque?

answer: slip

text: slip

question: Whithout rotor windings, how must a Hammond clock be started?

answer: manually

text: manually

question: How can a synchronous motor be made more like an induction motor?

answer: DC field

text: DC field

question: How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor?

answer: Slip rings and brushes

text: Slip rings and brushes


text: The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928. However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype. Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device had been built. In 1934, German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: The

text: thermionic

text: triode

text: a

text: vacuum

text: tube

text: invented

text: in

text: enabled

text: amplified

text: radio

text: technology

text: and

text: long

text: distance

text: telephony

text: The

text: triode

text: however

text: was

text: a

text: fragile

text: device

text: that

text: consumed

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: power

text: Physicist

text: Julius

text: Edgar

text: Lilienfeld

text: filed

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: a

text: field

text: effect

text: transistor

text: FET

text: in

text: Canada

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: solid

text: state

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: triode

text: Lilienfeld

text: also

text: filed

text: identical

text: patents

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: and

text: However

text: Lilienfeld

text: did

text: not

text: publish

text: any

text: research

text: articles

text: about

text: his

text: devices

text: nor

text: did

text: his

text: patents

text: cite

text: any

text: specific

text: examples

text: of

text: a

text: working

text: prototype

text: Because

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: high

text: quality

text: semiconductor

text: materials

text: was

text: still

text: decades

text: away

text: Lilienfeld

text: 's

text: solid

text: state

text: amplifier

text: ideas

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: found

text: practical

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: even

text: if

text: such

text: a

text: device

text: had

text: been

text: built

text: In

text: German

text: inventor

text: Oskar

text: Heil

text: patented

text: a

text: similar

text: device

question: When was the thermionic triode invented?

answer: 1907

question: What was the purpose of the thermionic triode?

answer: amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony

text: amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony

question: Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?

answer: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld

text: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld

question: Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: What year did Lilienfeld file his patent?

answer: 1925