text: In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: In

text: the

text: Downtown

text: Houston

text: consisted

text: of

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: mid

text: rise

text: office

text: structures

text: Downtown

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: threshold

text: of

text: an

text: energy

text: industry

text: led

text: boom

text: in

text: A

text: succession

text: of

text: skyscrapers

text: were

text: built

text: throughout

text: the

text: many

text: by

text: real

text: estate

text: developer

text: Gerald

text: D.

text: Hines

text: culminating

text: with

text: Houston

text: 's

text: tallest

text: skyscraper

text: the

text: m)-tall

text: JPMorgan

text: Chase

text: Tower

text: formerly

text: the

text: Texas

text: Commerce

text: Tower

text: completed

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: tallest

text: structure

text: in

text: Texas

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: tallest

text: skyscraper

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: based

text: on

text: highest

text: architectural

text: feature

text: In

text: the

text: m)-tall

text: Wells

text: Fargo

text: Plaza

text: formerly

text: Allied

text: Bank

text: Plaza

text: was

text: completed

text: becoming

text: the

text: second

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: Houston

text: and

text: Texas

text: Based

text: on

text: highest

text: architectural

text: feature

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: tallest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: tallest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: downtown

text: Houston

text: had

text: over

text: million

text: square

text: feet

text: m²

text: of

text: office

text: space

question: Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?

answer: mid-rise office structures

text: mid-rise office structures

question: When were skyscrapers first built in Houston?

answer: throughout the 1970s

text: throughout the 1970s

question: What is the tallest building in Texas?

answer: JPMorgan Chase Tower

text: JPMorgan Chase Tower

question: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?

answer: 1,002-foot

question: What is the second tallest building in Houston?

answer: Wells Fargo Plaza

text: Wells Fargo Plaza

question: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?

answer: Gerald D. Hines

text: Gerald D. Hines

question: What was the highest building in Houston completed in 1982?

answer: JPMorgan Chase Tower

text: JPMorgan Chase Tower

question: What was the original name of the JP Morgan Chase Tower?

answer: Texas Commerce Tower

text: Texas Commerce Tower

question: What is the Chase Tower rated as in height in Texas?

answer: tallest structure in Texas

text: tallest structure in Texas

question: By 2007 how many square feet of office space did Houston have?

answer: 43 million square feet

text: 43 million square feet


text: From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: From

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: Whig

text: politician

text: Robert

text: Walpole

text: who

text: held

text: office

text: for

text: twenty

text: one

text: years

text: Walpole

text: chaired

text: cabinet

text: meetings

text: appointed

text: all

text: the

text: other

text: ministers

text: dispensed

text: the

text: royal

text: patronage

text: and

text: packed

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: with

text: his

text: supporters

text: Under

text: Walpole

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: cabinet

text: solidarity

text: developed

text: Walpole

text: required

text: that

text: no

text: minister

text: other

text: than

text: himself

text: have

text: private

text: dealings

text: with

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: also

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: cabinet

text: had

text: agreed

text: on

text: a

text: policy

text: all

text: ministers

text: must

text: defend

text: it

text: in

text: public

text: or

text: resign

text: As

text: a

text: later

text: prime

text: minister

text: Lord

text: Melbourne

text: said

text: It

text: matters

text: not

text: what

text: we

text: say

text: gentlemen

text: so

text: long

text: as

text: we

text: all

text: say

text: the

text: same

text: thing

question: For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?

answer: twenty-one years

text: twenty-one years

question: What party did Walpole belong to?

answer: Whig

text: Whig

question: What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?

answer: doctrine of cabinet solidarity

text: doctrine of cabinet solidarity

question: What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy?

answer: resign

text: resign

question: Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?

answer: Lord Melbourne

text: Lord Melbourne


text: The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so was replaced by an exact replica, used until 1910. The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica, leading the FA to realise they did not own the copyright. This new, larger design was by Messers Fattorini and Sons, and was used from 1911. In order to preserve this original, from 1992 it was replaced by an exact replica, although this had to be replaced after just over two decades, after showing wear and tear from being handled more than in previous eras. This third replica, first used in 2014, was built heavier to withstand the increased handling. Of the four surviving trophies, only the 1895 replica has entered private ownership.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: trophy

text: comes

text: in

text: three

text: parts

text: the

text: cup

text: itself

text: plus

text: a

text: lid

text: and

text: a

text: base

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: two

text: designs

text: of

text: trophy

text: in

text: use

text: but

text: five

text: physical

text: trophies

text: have

text: been

text: presented

text: The

text: original

text: trophy

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: little

text: tin

text: idol

text: was

text: inches

text: high

text: and

text: made

text: by

text: Martin

text: Hall

text: Co.

text: It

text: was

text: stolen

text: in

text: and

text: never

text: recovered

text: and

text: so

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: an

text: exact

text: replica

text: used

text: until

text: The

text: FA

text: decided

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: design

text: after

text: the

text: winners

text: Manchester

text: United

text: made

text: their

text: own

text: replica

text: leading

text: the

text: FA

text: to

text: realise

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: own

text: the

text: copyright

text: This

text: new

text: larger

text: design

text: was

text: by

text: Messers

text: Fattorini

text: and

text: Sons

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: from

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: preserve

text: this

text: original

text: from

text: it

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: an

text: exact

text: replica

text: although

text: this

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: after

text: just

text: over

text: two

text: decades

text: after

text: showing

text: wear

text: and

text: tear

text: from

text: being

text: handled

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: previous

text: eras

text: This

text: third

text: replica

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: was

text: built

text: heavier

text: to

text: withstand

text: the

text: increased

text: handling

text: Of

text: the

text: four

text: surviving

text: trophies

text: only

text: the

text: replica

text: has

text: entered

text: private

text: ownership

question: How many parts does the trophy come in?

answer: The trophy comes in three parts

text: The trophy comes in three parts

question: What is the  parts of the trophy?

answer: - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base

text: - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base

question: How many trophy designs have there bee?

answer: There have been two designs of trophy in use

text: There have been two designs of trophy in use

question: How many physical trophies have been presented?

answer: five physical trophies have been presented

text: five physical trophies have been presented

question: When was the first design changed?

answer: . The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica,

text: . The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica,


text: Street Lights are used to light roadways and walkways at night. Some manufacturers are designing LED and photovoltaic luminaires to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Street

text: Lights

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: light

text: roadways

text: and

text: walkways

text: at

text: night

text: Some

text: manufacturers

text: are

text: designing

text: LED

text: and

text: photovoltaic

text: luminaires

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: energy

text: efficient

text: alternative

text: to

text: traditional

text: street

text: light

text: fixtures

question: What is used to light walkways at night?

answer: Street Lights

text: Street Lights

question: What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency?

answer: photovoltaic luminaires

text: photovoltaic luminaires


text: This branch of Protestantism is distinguished by belief in the baptism with the Holy Spirit as an experience separate from conversion that enables a Christian to live a Holy Spirit–filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: This

text: branch

text: of

text: Protestantism

text: is

text: distinguished

text: by

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: baptism

text: with

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: as

text: an

text: experience

text: separate

text: from

text: conversion

text: that

text: enables

text: a

text: Christian

text: to

text: live

text: a

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: filled

text: and

text: empowered

text: life

text: This

text: empowerment

text: includes

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: spiritual

text: gifts

text: such

text: as

text: speaking

text: in

text: tongues

text: and

text: divine

text: healing

text: two

text: other

text: defining

text: characteristics

text: of

text: Pentecostalism

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: commitment

text: to

text: biblical

text: authority

text: spiritual

text: gifts

text: and

text: the

text: miraculous

text: Pentecostals

text: tend

text: to

text: see

text: their

text: movement

text: as

text: reflecting

text: the

text: same

text: kind

text: of

text: spiritual

text: power

text: and

text: teachings

text: that

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Age

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: church

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: some

text: Pentecostals

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: Apostolic

text: or

text: Full

text: Gospel

text: to

text: describe

text: their

text: movement

question: Give two examples of spiritual gifts.

answer: speaking in tongues and divine healing

text: speaking in tongues and divine healing

question: What are other terms used to describe Pentecostalism?

answer: Apostolic or Full Gospel

text: Apostolic or Full Gospel

question: Pentecostals liken their teachings to those of what age?

answer: Apostolic

text: Apostolic

question: Pentecostals believe in baptism with what entity?

answer: the Holy Spirit

text: the Holy Spirit

question: What three things are Pentecostals committed to?

answer: biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous

text: biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous


text: Eisenhower, as well as the officers and troops under him, had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations, and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans—a beach landing assault. His first struggles, however, were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with De Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord. Admiral Ernest J. King fought with Eisenhower over King's refusal to provide additional landing craft from the Pacific. He also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate Overlord, to the point of threatening to resign unless Churchill relented, as he did. Eisenhower then designed a bombing plan in France in advance of Overlord and argued with Churchill over the latter's concern with civilian casualties; de Gaulle interjected that the casualties were justified in shedding the yoke of the Germans, and Eisenhower prevailed. He also had to skillfully manage to retain the services of the often unruly George S. Patton, by severely reprimanding him when Patton earlier had slapped a subordinate, and then when Patton gave a speech in which he made improper comments about postwar policy.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: officers

text: and

text: troops

text: under

text: him

text: had

text: learned

text: valuable

text: lessons

text: in

text: their

text: previous

text: operations

text: and

text: their

text: skills

text: had

text: all

text: strengthened

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: most

text: difficult

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Germans

text: a

text: beach

text: landing

text: assault

text: His

text: first

text: struggles

text: however

text: were

text: with

text: Allied

text: leaders

text: and

text: officers

text: on

text: matters

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: Normandy

text: invasion

text: he

text: argued

text: with

text: Roosevelt

text: over

text: an

text: essential

text: agreement

text: with

text: De

text: Gaulle

text: to

text: use

text: French

text: resistance

text: forces

text: in

text: covert

text: and

text: sabotage

text: operations

text: against

text: the

text: Germans

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: Overlord

text: Admiral

text: Ernest

text: J.

text: King

text: fought

text: with

text: Eisenhower

text: over

text: King

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: provide

text: additional

text: landing

text: craft

text: from

text: the

text: Pacific

text: He

text: also

text: insisted

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: give

text: him

text: exclusive

text: command

text: over

text: all

text: strategic

text: air

text: forces

text: to

text: facilitate

text: Overlord

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: threatening

text: to

text: resign

text: unless

text: Churchill

text: relented

text: as

text: he

text: did

text: Eisenhower

text: then

text: designed

text: a

text: bombing

text: plan

text: in

text: France

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: Overlord

text: and

text: argued

text: with

text: Churchill

text: over

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: concern

text: with

text: civilian

text: casualties

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: interjected

text: that

text: the

text: casualties

text: were

text: justified

text: in

text: shedding

text: the

text: yoke

text: of

text: the

text: Germans

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: prevailed

text: He

text: also

text: had

text: to

text: skillfully

text: manage

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: often

text: unruly

text: George

text: S.

text: Patton

text: by

text: severely

text: reprimanding

text: him

text: when

text: Patton

text: earlier

text: had

text: slapped

text: a

text: subordinate

text: and

text: then

text: when

text: Patton

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: made

text: improper

text: comments

text: about

text: postwar

text: policy

question: Who refused to provide Eisenhower with landing craft?

answer: Ernest J. King

text: Ernest J. King

question: What concern did Churchill have in regard to Eisenhower's pre-invasion bombing plan?

answer: civilian casualties

text: civilian casualties

question: What did Patton do that first caused Eisenhower to reprimand him?

answer: slapped a subordinate

text: slapped a subordinate

question: What were the French resistance to be used for in advance of the invasion of France?

answer: covert and sabotage operations

text: covert and sabotage operations

question: Who was the leader of French forces in this period?

answer: de Gaulle

text: de Gaulle


text: Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs. Global wind power installations increased by 35,800 MW in 2010, bringing total installed capacity up to 194,400 MW, a 22.5% increase on the 158,700 MW installed at the end of 2009. The increase for 2010 represents investments totalling €47.3 billion (US$65 billion) and for the first time more than half of all new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven, by the continuing boom in China which accounted for nearly half of all of the installations at 16,500 MW. China now has 42,300 MW of wind power installed. Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generated in Denmark, 9% in Spain and Portugal, and 6% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland. In Australian state of South Australia wind power, championed by Premier Mike Rann (2002–2011), now comprises 26% of the state's electricity generation, edging out coal fired power. At the end of 2011 South Australia, with 7.2% of Australia's population, had 54%of the nation's installed wind power capacity. Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%. These are some of the largest wind farms in the world:

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: generation

text: renewables

text: such

text: as

text: wind

text: power

text: have

text: high

text: potential

text: and

text: have

text: already

text: realised

text: relatively

text: low

text: production

text: costs

text: Global

text: wind

text: power

text: installations

text: increased

text: by

text: MW

text: in

text: bringing

text: total

text: installed

text: capacity

text: up

text: to

text: MW

text: a

text: increase

text: on

text: the

text: MW

text: installed

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: The

text: increase

text: for

text: represents

text: investments

text: totalling

text: billion

text: US$

text: billion

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: new

text: wind

text: power

text: was

text: added

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: markets

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: mainly

text: driven

text: by

text: the

text: continuing

text: boom

text: in

text: China

text: which

text: accounted

text: for

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: installations

text: at

text: MW

text: China

text: now

text: has

text: MW

text: of

text: wind

text: power

text: installed

text: Wind

text: power

text: accounts

text: for

text: approximately

text: of

text: electricity

text: generated

text: in

text: Denmark

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: and

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: In

text: Australian

text: state

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: wind

text: power

text: championed

text: by

text: Premier

text: Mike

text: Rann

text: now

text: comprises

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: electricity

text: generation

text: edging

text: out

text: coal

text: fired

text: power

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: with

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: population

text: had

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: installed

text: wind

text: power

text: capacity

text: Wind

text: power

text: 's

text: share

text: of

text: worldwide

text: electricity

text: usage

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: was

text: These

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wind

text: farms

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: Global wind power installations increased by how much in 2010?

answer: 35,800 MW

text: 35,800 MW

question: China has how much wind power installed?

answer: 42,300 MW

text: 42,300 MW

question: In Denmark, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?

answer: 19%

question: In Spain, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?

answer: 9%

question: In Germany, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?

answer: 6%


text: All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000.

title: England_national_football_team

title: England_national_football_team

text: All

text: England

text: matches

text: are

text: broadcast

text: with

text: full

text: commentary

text: on

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: Live

text: From

text: the

text: season

text: until

text: the

text: season

text: England

text: 's

text: home

text: and

text: away

text: qualifiers

text: and

text: friendlies

text: both

text: home

text: and

text: away

text: are

text: broadcast

text: live

text: on

text: ITV

text: often

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: STV

text: the

text: ITV

text: affiliate

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: Scotland

text: England

text: 's

text: away

text: qualifiers

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: were

text: shown

text: on

text: Setanta

text: Sports

text: until

text: that

text: company

text: 's

text: collapse

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Setanta

text: Sports

text: 's

text: demise

text: England

text: 's

text: World

text: Cup

text: qualifier

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: on

text: October

text: was

text: shown

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: on

text: a

text: pay

text: per

text: view

text: basis

text: via

text: the

text: internet

text: only

text: This

text: one

text: off

text: event

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: an

text: England

text: game

text: had

text: been

text: screened

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: way

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: subscribers

text: paying

text: between

text: and

text: each

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: viewers

text: at

text: around

question: Commentated broadcasts of all England matches air on what network?

answer: BBC Radio 5 Live

text: BBC Radio 5 Live

question: What was the first season in which England's qualifiers and friendlies were broadcast on ITV?

answer: 2008–09

question: What network is ITV's affiliate in northern and central Scotland?

answer: STV

text: STV

question: In what year was an England football match aired only via the internet for the first time?

answer: 2009

question: Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009?

answer: 500,000


text: There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of habitat loss, pollution and drought. Up-welling along the west coast of Portugal makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world. Marine fish species are more common, and include thousands of species, such as the sardine (Sardina pilchardus), tuna and Atlantic mackerel. Bioluminescent species are also well represented (including species in different colour spectrum and forms), like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe in some beaches.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: freshwater

text: fish

text: species

text: varying

text: from

text: the

text: giant

text: European

text: catfish

text: in

text: the

text: Tagus

text: International

text: Natural

text: Park

text: to

text: some

text: small

text: and

text: endemic

text: species

text: that

text: live

text: only

text: in

text: small

text: lakes

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: country

text: for

text: example

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: rare

text: and

text: specific

text: species

text: are

text: highly

text: endangered

text: because

text: of

text: habitat

text: loss

text: pollution

text: and

text: drought

text: Up

text: welling

text: along

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Portugal

text: makes

text: the

text: sea

text: extremely

text: rich

text: in

text: nutrients

text: and

text: diverse

text: species

text: of

text: marine

text: fish

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: marine

text: waters

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: richest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Marine

text: fish

text: species

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: and

text: include

text: thousands

text: of

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: sardine

text: Sardina

text: pilchardus

text: tuna

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: mackerel

text: Bioluminescent

text: species

text: are

text: also

text: well

text: represented

text: including

text: species

text: in

text: different

text: colour

text: spectrum

text: and

text: forms

text: like

text: the

text: glowing

text: plankton

text: that

text: are

text: possible

text: to

text: observe

text: in

text: some

text: beaches

question: How many freshwater fish species can be found in Portugal?

answer: more than 100

text: more than 100

question: In Portugal, where can you find the giant European catfish?

answer: in the Tagus International Natural Park

text: in the Tagus International Natural Park

question: Why are some species becoming endangered in Portugal?

answer: because of habitat loss, pollution and drought

text: because of habitat loss, pollution and drought

question: What type of glowing species can be found on some beaches in Portugal?

answer: plankton

text: plankton


text: A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell, but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention. The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county. Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding. The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: A

text: local

text: pioneer

text: of

text: folk

text: song

text: collection

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: Shakespearean

text: scholar

text: James

text: Orchard

text: Halliwell

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: second

text: folk

text: revival

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: the

text: full

text: range

text: of

text: song

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: including

text: industrial

text: folk

text: song

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: attention

text: The

text: county

text: produced

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: revival

text: in

text: Ewan

text: MacColl

text: but

text: also

text: a

text: local

text: champion

text: in

text: Harry

text: Boardman

text: who

text: from

text: onwards

text: probably

text: did

text: more

text: than

text: anyone

text: to

text: popularise

text: and

text: record

text: the

text: folk

text: song

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: folk

text: artists

text: to

text: emerge

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: were

text: Liverpool

text: folk

text: group

text: The

text: Spinners

text: and

text: from

text: Manchester

text: folk

text: troubadour

text: Roy

text: Harper

text: and

text: musician

text: comedian

text: and

text: broadcaster

text: Mike

text: Harding

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: folk

text: clubs

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: catering

text: to

text: Irish

text: and

text: Scottish

text: folk

text: music

text: Regular

text: folk

text: festivals

text: include

text: the

text: Fylde

text: Folk

text: Festival

text: at

text: Fleetwood

question: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?

answer: James Orchard Halliwell

text: James Orchard Halliwell

question: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?

answer: Harry Boardman

text: Harry Boardman

question: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?

answer: The Spinners

text: The Spinners

question: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?

answer: Irish and Scottish folk music

text: Irish and Scottish folk music

question: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?

answer: Fylde Folk Festival

text: Fylde Folk Festival


text: Despite yet another offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, Feynman rejected the Institute on the grounds that there were no teaching duties: Feynman felt that students were a source of inspiration and teaching was a diversion during uncreative spells. Because of this, the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University jointly offered him a package whereby he could teach at the university and also be at the institute.[citation needed] Feynman instead accepted an offer from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—and as he says in his book Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman!—because a desire to live in a mild climate had firmly fixed itself in his mind while he was installing tire chains on his car in the middle of a snowstorm in Ithaca.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: Despite

text: yet

text: another

text: offer

text: from

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Study

text: Feynman

text: rejected

text: the

text: Institute

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: teaching

text: duties

text: Feynman

text: felt

text: that

text: students

text: were

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: inspiration

text: and

text: teaching

text: was

text: a

text: diversion

text: during

text: uncreative

text: spells

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Study

text: and

text: Princeton

text: University

text: jointly

text: offered

text: him

text: a

text: package

text: whereby

text: he

text: could

text: teach

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: also

text: be

text: at

text: the

text: institute.[citation

text: needed

text: Feynman

text: instead

text: accepted

text: an

text: offer

text: from

text: the

text: California

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Caltech)—and

text: as

text: he

text: says

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Surely

text: You

text: 're

text: Joking

text: Mr.

text: Feynman!—because

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: a

text: mild

text: climate

text: had

text: firmly

text: fixed

text: itself

text: in

text: his

text: mind

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: installing

text: tire

text: chains

text: on

text: his

text: car

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: a

text: snowstorm

text: in

text: Ithaca

question: The  Institute of Advanced Study and which other university colluded together to get Feynman a position?

answer: Princeton University

text: Princeton University

question: Why did Feynman decide to turn down an offer from the Institute of Advanced Study?

answer: no teaching duties

text: no teaching duties

question: Where did Feynman receive much inspiration?

answer: students

text: students

question: Ultimately Feynman decided to take a job at which college?

answer: California Institute of Technology

text: California Institute of Technology

question: In which city did Feynman find himself affixing tire chains?

answer: Ithaca

text: Ithaca


text: A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater). However, humans are not solitary creatures; they are social animals with highly developed social behaviors. Early humans, such as Homo erectus, have been using stone tools and weapons for well over a million years. Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans. The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together. Cannibalism has occurred in various places, among various cultures, and for various reasons. At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: A

text: lone

text: naked

text: human

text: is

text: at

text: a

text: physical

text: disadvantage

text: to

text: other

text: comparable

text: apex

text: predators

text: in

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: speed

text: bone

text: density

text: weight

text: and

text: physical

text: strength

text: Humans

text: also

text: lack

text: innate

text: weaponry

text: such

text: as

text: claws

text: Without

text: crafted

text: weapons

text: society

text: or

text: cleverness

text: a

text: lone

text: human

text: can

text: easily

text: be

text: defeated

text: by

text: fit

text: predatory

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: wild

text: dogs

text: big

text: cats

text: and

text: bears

text: see

text: Man

text: eater

text: However

text: humans

text: are

text: not

text: solitary

text: creatures

text: they

text: are

text: social

text: animals

text: with

text: highly

text: developed

text: social

text: behaviors

text: Early

text: humans

text: such

text: as

text: Homo

text: erectus

text: have

text: been

text: using

text: stone

text: tools

text: and

text: weapons

text: for

text: well

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: years

text: Anatomically

text: modern

text: humans

text: have

text: been

text: apex

text: predators

text: since

text: they

text: first

text: evolved

text: and

text: many

text: species

text: of

text: carnivorous

text: megafauna

text: actively

text: avoid

text: interacting

text: with

text: humans

text: the

text: primary

text: environmental

text: competitor

text: for

text: a

text: human

text: is

text: other

text: humans

text: The

text: one

text: subspecies

text: of

text: carnivorous

text: megafauna

text: that

text: does

text: interact

text: frequently

text: with

text: humans

text: in

text: predatory

text: roles

text: is

text: the

text: domestic

text: dog

text: but

text: usually

text: as

text: a

text: partner

text: in

text: predation

text: especially

text: if

text: they

text: hunt

text: together

text: Cannibalism

text: has

text: occurred

text: in

text: various

text: places

text: among

text: various

text: cultures

text: and

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: At

text: least

text: a

text: few

text: people

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Donner

text: party

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: resorted

text: to

text: it

text: in

text: desperation

question: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?

answer: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength

text: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength

question: For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?

answer: well over a million years

text: well over a million years

question: What are humans' primary competitors?

answer: other humans

text: other humans

question: What is one known istance of cannibalism?

answer: the Donner party

text: the Donner party

question: With what species do humans hunt in partnership?

answer: domestic dog

text: domestic dog


text: The Seahawks' CenturyLink Field has hosted NFL playoff games in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2015. The Seahawks have advanced to the Super Bowl three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. They defeated the Denver Broncos 43-8 to win their first Super Bowl championship in Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 24-28 against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX. Seattle Sounders FC has played in Major League Soccer since 2009, sharing CenturyLink Field with the Seahawks, as a continuation of earlier teams in the lower divisions of American soccer. The Sounders have not won the MLS Cup but have, however, won the MLS Supporters' Shield in 2014 and the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup on four occasions: 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2014.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: Seahawks

text: CenturyLink

text: Field

text: has

text: hosted

text: NFL

text: playoff

text: games

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: Seahawks

text: have

text: advanced

text: to

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: three

text: times

text: and

text: They

text: defeated

text: the

text: Denver

text: Broncos

text: to

text: win

text: their

text: first

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: championship

text: in

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XLVIII

text: but

text: lost

text: against

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: Patriots

text: in

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XLIX

text: Seattle

text: Sounders

text: FC

text: has

text: played

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Soccer

text: since

text: sharing

text: CenturyLink

text: Field

text: with

text: the

text: Seahawks

text: as

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: earlier

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: divisions

text: of

text: American

text: soccer

text: The

text: Sounders

text: have

text: not

text: won

text: the

text: MLS

text: Cup

text: but

text: have

text: however

text: won

text: the

text: MLS

text: Supporters

text: Shield

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Lamar

text: Hunt

text: U.S.

text: Open

text: Cup

text: on

text: four

text: occasions

text: and

question: How many times have the Seattle Seahawks played in the World Series?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who did the Seahawks beat to win the Super Bowl?

answer: Denver Broncos

text: Denver Broncos

question: What team defeated the Seattle Seahawks to win Super Bowl XLIX?

answer: New England Patriots

text: New England Patriots

question: What is the Seattle soccer club named?

answer: Seattle Sounders FC

text: Seattle Sounders FC

question: With what team do the Sounders share Century Link Field?

answer: Seahawks

text: Seahawks


text: Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell". It caused the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia to urge all their members to boycott her concert. At the same time, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies for her albums alone worldwide.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: embarked

text: on

text: the

text: Confessions

text: Tour

text: in

text: May

text: which

text: had

text: a

text: global

text: audience

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: grossed

text: over

text: million

text: becoming

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: tour

text: to

text: that

text: date

text: for

text: a

text: female

text: artist

text: Madonna

text: used

text: religious

text: symbols

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: crucifix

text: and

text: Crown

text: of

text: Thorns

text: in

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: Live

text: to

text: Tell

text: It

text: caused

text: the

text: Russian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Federation

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Communities

text: of

text: Russia

text: to

text: urge

text: all

text: their

text: members

text: to

text: boycott

text: her

text: concert

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: International

text: Federation

text: of

text: the

text: Phonographic

text: Industry

text: IFPI

text: announced

text: officially

text: that

text: Madonna

text: had

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: for

text: her

text: albums

text: alone

text: worldwide

question: When did the Confessions Tour start?

answer: May 2006

text: May 2006

question: How much did the Confessions Tour make?

answer: over $193.7 million

text: over $193.7 million

question: Why did the Russian Orthodox Church and Federation of Jewish Communities of Russian asked members to boycott the concert?

answer: used religious symbols

text: used religious symbols

question: It was confirmed by IFPI that Madonna officially sold how many albums worldwide?

answer: over 200 million

text: over 200 million


text: Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon. A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, was installed as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: died

text: suddenly

text: in

text: September

text: without

text: a

text: designated

text: heir

text: As

text: the

text: Jurchens

text: had

text: traditionally

text: elected

text: their

text: leader

text: through

text: a

text: council

text: of

text: nobles

text: the

text: Qing

text: state

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: in

text: place

text: a

text: clear

text: succession

text: system

text: until

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: The

text: leading

text: contenders

text: for

text: power

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: were

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: oldest

text: son

text: Hooge

text: and

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: half

text: brother

text: Dorgon

text: A

text: compromise

text: candidate

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: five

text: year

text: old

text: son

text: Fulin

text: was

text: installed

text: as

text: the

text: Shunzhi

text: Emperor

text: with

text: Dorgon

text: as

text: regent

text: and

text: de

text: facto

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Manchu

text: nation

question: When did Hong Taiji die?

answer: September 1643

text: September 1643

question: Who was his heir?

answer: without a designated heir

text: without a designated heir

question: Who were the likely heirs?

answer: Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon

text: Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon

question: Who became the emperor?

answer: Fulin

text: Fulin


text: The necessity and inerrancy were well-established ideas, garnering little criticism, though they later came under debate from outside during the Enlightenment. The most contentious idea at the time though was the notion that anyone could simply pick up the Bible and learn enough to gain salvation. Though the reformers were concerned with ecclesiology (the doctrine of how the church as a body works), they had a different understanding of the process in which truths in scripture were applied to life of believers, compared to the Catholics' idea that certain people within the church, or ideas that were old enough, had a special status in giving understanding of the text.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: necessity

text: and

text: inerrancy

text: were

text: well

text: established

text: ideas

text: garnering

text: little

text: criticism

text: though

text: they

text: later

text: came

text: under

text: debate

text: from

text: outside

text: during

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: The

text: most

text: contentious

text: idea

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: though

text: was

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: anyone

text: could

text: simply

text: pick

text: up

text: the

text: Bible

text: and

text: learn

text: enough

text: to

text: gain

text: salvation

text: Though

text: the

text: reformers

text: were

text: concerned

text: with

text: ecclesiology

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: church

text: as

text: a

text: body

text: works

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: different

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: truths

text: in

text: scripture

text: were

text: applied

text: to

text: life

text: of

text: believers

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: Catholics

text: idea

text: that

text: certain

text: people

text: within

text: the

text: church

text: or

text: ideas

text: that

text: were

text: old

text: enough

text: had

text: a

text: special

text: status

text: in

text: giving

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: text

question: Which ideas had little criticism for the most part?

answer: necessity and inerrancy

text: necessity and inerrancy

question: What is the term for how the church as a whole works?

answer: ecclesiology

text: ecclesiology

question: What group believes that some in the church have a special status to understand the bible?

answer: Catholics

text: Catholics

question: At what period was inerrancy debated?

answer: the Enlightenment

text: the Enlightenment

question: What item could be learned to gain salvation?

answer: the Bible

text: the Bible


text: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: A

text: solar

text: chimney

text: or

text: thermal

text: chimney

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: is

text: a

text: passive

text: solar

text: ventilation

text: system

text: composed

text: of

text: a

text: vertical

text: shaft

text: connecting

text: the

text: interior

text: and

text: exterior

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: As

text: the

text: chimney

text: warms

text: the

text: air

text: inside

text: is

text: heated

text: causing

text: an

text: updraft

text: that

text: pulls

text: air

text: through

text: the

text: building

text: Performance

text: can

text: be

text: improved

text: by

text: using

text: glazing

text: and

text: thermal

text: mass

text: materials

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: mimics

text: greenhouses

question: What kind of system is a solar chimney?

answer: passive solar ventilation

text: passive solar ventilation

question: What is a solar chimney?

answer: a passive solar ventilation system

text: a passive solar ventilation system

question: What is a solar chimney made of?

answer: a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building

text: a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building

question: How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?

answer: by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses

text: by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses


text: Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Various

text: methods

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: colonies

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: only

text: five

text: methods

text: are

text: currently

text: used

text: Historically

text: burning

text: crushing

text: breaking

text: on

text: wheel

text: and

text: bludgeoning

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: executions

text: while

text: hanging

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: method

text: The

text: last

text: person

text: burned

text: at

text: the

text: stake

text: was

text: a

text: black

text: slave

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: in

text: August

text: The

text: last

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: hanged

text: in

text: chains

text: was

text: a

text: murderer

text: named

text: John

text: Marshall

text: in

text: West

text: Virginia

text: on

text: April

text: Although

text: beheading

text: was

text: a

text: legal

text: method

text: in

text: Utah

text: from

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: never

text: used

question: How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?

answer: five

text: five

question: What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?

answer: hanging

text: hanging

question: In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US?

answer: South Carolina

text: South Carolina

question: Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?

answer: John Marshall

text: John Marshall

question: When was execution by beheading ended in Utah?

answer: 1888


text: By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: Catalan

text: had

text: evolved

text: from

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Hispania

text: Tarraconensis

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: the

text: Catalan

text: counts

text: extended

text: their

text: territory

text: southwards

text: and

text: westwards

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: Muslims

text: bringing

text: their

text: language

text: with

text: them

text: This

text: process

text: was

text: given

text: definitive

text: impetus

text: with

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: from

text: the

text: Carolingian

text: Empire

text: in

question: What language did Catalan descend from?

answer: Vulgar Latin

text: Vulgar Latin

question: When had Catalan covered the eastern end of the Pyrenees?

answer: 9th century

text: 9th century

question: Besides the Pyrenees, what area had Catalan covered by the 9th century?

answer: Hispania Tarraconensis

text: Hispania Tarraconensis

question: Who broadened their territory and the use of Catalan in the 8th century?

answer: Catalan counts

text: Catalan counts

question: When did the County of Barcelona separate from the Carolengian Empire?

answer: 988


text: In Babylonian astronomy, records of the motions of the stars, planets, and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes. Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian proto-scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month. Using these data they developed arithmetical methods to compute the changing length of daylight in the course of the year and to predict the appearances and disappearances of the Moon and planets and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Only a few astronomers' names are known, such as that of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician. Kiddinu's value for the solar year is in use for today's calendars. Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." According to the historian A. Aaboe, "all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West—if not indeed all subsequent endeavour in the exact sciences—depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways."

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: In

text: Babylonian

text: astronomy

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: motions

text: of

text: the

text: stars

text: planets

text: and

text: the

text: moon

text: are

text: left

text: on

text: thousands

text: of

text: clay

text: tablets

text: created

text: by

text: scribes

text: Even

text: today

text: astronomical

text: periods

text: identified

text: by

text: Mesopotamian

text: proto

text: scientists

text: are

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: Western

text: calendars

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: solar

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: lunar

text: month

text: Using

text: these

text: data

text: they

text: developed

text: arithmetical

text: methods

text: to

text: compute

text: the

text: changing

text: length

text: of

text: daylight

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: to

text: predict

text: the

text: appearances

text: and

text: disappearances

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: planets

text: and

text: eclipses

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: Moon

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: astronomers

text: names

text: are

text: known

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: Kidinnu

text: a

text: Chaldean

text: astronomer

text: and

text: mathematician

text: Kiddinu

text: 's

text: value

text: for

text: the

text: solar

text: year

text: is

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: today

text: 's

text: calendars

text: Babylonian

text: astronomy

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: highly

text: successful

text: attempt

text: at

text: giving

text: a

text: refined

text: mathematical

text: description

text: of

text: astronomical

text: phenomena

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: historian

text: A.

text: Aaboe

text: all

text: subsequent

text: varieties

text: of

text: scientific

text: astronomy

text: in

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: world

text: in

text: India

text: in

text: Islam

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: if

text: not

text: indeed

text: all

text: subsequent

text: endeavour

text: in

text: the

text: exact

text: sciences

text: depend

text: upon

text: Babylonian

text: astronomy

text: in

text: decisive

text: and

text: fundamental

text: ways

question: Who wrote on the clay tablets in Babylonian astronomy?

answer: scribes

text: scribes

question: Where are Mesopotamian astronomical periods still used?

answer: in Western calendars

text: in Western calendars

question: Who was Kidinnu?

answer: a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician

text: a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician

question: Who believes that the Hellenistic world relies on Babylonian astronomy?

answer: A. Aaboe

text: A. Aaboe

question: Where can Kidinnu's solar year be found in use?

answer: today's calendars

text: today's calendars


text: Von Neumann liked to eat and drink; his wife, Klara, said that he could count everything except calories. He enjoyed Yiddish and "off-color" humor (especially limericks). He was a non-smoker. At Princeton he received complaints for regularly playing extremely loud German march music on his gramophone, which distracted those in neighbouring offices, including Albert Einstein, from their work. Von Neumann did some of his best work blazingly fast in noisy, chaotic environments, and once admonished his wife for preparing a quiet study for him to work in. He never used it, preferring the couple's living room with its television playing loudly.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: liked

text: to

text: eat

text: and

text: drink

text: his

text: wife

text: Klara

text: said

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: count

text: everything

text: except

text: calories

text: He

text: enjoyed

text: Yiddish

text: and

text: off

text: color

text: humor

text: especially

text: limericks

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: non

text: smoker

text: At

text: Princeton

text: he

text: received

text: complaints

text: for

text: regularly

text: playing

text: extremely

text: loud

text: German

text: march

text: music

text: on

text: his

text: gramophone

text: which

text: distracted

text: those

text: in

text: neighbouring

text: offices

text: including

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: from

text: their

text: work

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: did

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: best

text: work

text: blazingly

text: fast

text: in

text: noisy

text: chaotic

text: environments

text: and

text: once

text: admonished

text: his

text: wife

text: for

text: preparing

text: a

text: quiet

text: study

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: He

text: never

text: used

text: it

text: preferring

text: the

text: couple

text: 's

text: living

text: room

text: with

text: its

text: television

text: playing

text: loudly

question: What type of "off color" humor did Von Neumann especially enjoy?

answer: limericks

text: limericks

question: What complaints did Von Neumann's neighbor's have?

answer: regularly playing extremely loud German march music

text: regularly playing extremely loud German march music

question: What famous neighbor did Von Neumann have that may have been distracted by the music Von Neumann played?

answer: Albert Einstein,

text: Albert Einstein,


text: Traditionally, Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action and has been neutral since the end of its expansion in 1515. Its policy of neutrality was internationally recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Only in 2002 did Switzerland become a full member of the United Nations and it was the first state to join it by referendum. Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as an intermediary between other states. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s. However, Switzerland does participate in the Schengen Area.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Traditionally

text: Switzerland

text: avoids

text: alliances

text: that

text: might

text: entail

text: military

text: political

text: or

text: direct

text: economic

text: action

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: neutral

text: since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: expansion

text: in

text: Its

text: policy

text: of

text: neutrality

text: was

text: internationally

text: recognised

text: at

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: Only

text: in

text: did

text: Switzerland

text: become

text: a

text: full

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: to

text: join

text: it

text: by

text: referendum

text: Switzerland

text: maintains

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: almost

text: all

text: countries

text: and

text: historically

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: an

text: intermediary

text: between

text: other

text: states

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: the

text: Swiss

text: people

text: have

text: consistently

text: rejected

text: membership

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: However

text: Switzerland

text: does

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

question: When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized?

answer: Congress of Vienna in 1815

text: Congress of Vienna in 1815

question: What was Switzerland the first state to join the U.N. by?

answer: referendum

text: referendum

question: What have the Swiss people continually rejected membership in since the 1990's?

answer: European Union

text: European Union

question: How long has Switzerland traditionally been neutral?

answer: since the end of its expansion in 1515

text: since the end of its expansion in 1515

question: How does Switzerland treat alliances that might entail military or political action?

answer: avoids

text: avoids


text: Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia and it also the largest archipelago in the world by size (according to the CIA World Factbook). Geologically, the Indonesian Archipelago is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. Geological uplifts in the region have also produced some impressive mountains, culminating in Puncak Jaya in Papua, Indonesia at 5,030 metres (16,500 feet), on the island of New Guinea; it is the only place where ice glaciers can be found in Southeast Asia. The second tallest peak is Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia on the island of Borneo with a height of 4,095 metres (13,435 feet). The highest mountain in Southeast Asia is Hkakabo Razi at 5,967 meters and can be found in northern Burma sharing the same range of its parent peak, Mount Everest.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: it

text: also

text: the

text: largest

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: size

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: CIA

text: World

text: Factbook

text: Geologically

text: the

text: Indonesian

text: Archipelago

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: volcanically

text: active

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Geological

text: uplifts

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: have

text: also

text: produced

text: some

text: impressive

text: mountains

text: culminating

text: in

text: Puncak

text: Jaya

text: in

text: Papua

text: Indonesia

text: at

text: metres

text: feet

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: place

text: where

text: ice

text: glaciers

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: The

text: second

text: tallest

text: peak

text: is

text: Mount

text: Kinabalu

text: in

text: Sabah

text: Malaysia

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Borneo

text: with

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: metres

text: feet

text: The

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: is

text: Hkakabo

text: Razi

text: at

text: meters

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: northern

text: Burma

text: sharing

text: the

text: same

text: range

text: of

text: its

text: parent

text: peak

text: Mount

text: Everest

question: Name the largest country in Southeast Asia.

answer: Indonesia

text: Indonesia

question: Geologically what is Indonesia's region most active for?

answer: volcanically active

text: volcanically active


text: During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force. The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination. As rearmament became a concern during the 1930s, Stanley Baldwin created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence. Lord Chatfield held the post until the fall of Neville Chamberlain's government in 1940; his success was limited by his lack of control over the existing Service departments and his limited political influence.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: British

text: civil

text: servants

text: and

text: politicians

text: looking

text: back

text: at

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: concluded

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: need

text: for

text: greater

text: co

text: ordination

text: between

text: the

text: three

text: Services

text: that

text: made

text: up

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: British

text: Army

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: The

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: united

text: ministry

text: of

text: defence

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: David

text: Lloyd

text: George

text: 's

text: coalition

text: government

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: Committee

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: inter

text: Service

text: co

text: ordination

text: As

text: rearmament

text: became

text: a

text: concern

text: during

text: the

text: Stanley

text: Baldwin

text: created

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Minister

text: for

text: Coordination

text: of

text: Defence

text: Lord

text: Chatfield

text: held

text: the

text: post

text: until

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Neville

text: Chamberlain

text: 's

text: government

text: in

text: his

text: success

text: was

text: limited

text: by

text: his

text: lack

text: of

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: existing

text: Service

text: departments

text: and

text: his

text: limited

text: political

text: influence

question: What three services make up the armed forces of the UK?

answer: the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force

text: the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force

question: What did David Lloyd George's coalition government reject in 1921?

answer: The formation of a united ministry of defence

text: The formation of a united ministry of defence

question: When was the Chiefs of Staff Committee formed?

answer: 1923

question: Who created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence?

answer: Stanley Baldwin

text: Stanley Baldwin

question: What post did Lord Chatfield hold until 1940?

answer: Minister for Coordination of Defence

text: Minister for Coordination of Defence


text: John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Another building, University Hall, was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower, also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in the heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women. Willard Residential College (1938) is named in her honor. Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: John

text: Evans

text: for

text: whom

text: Evanston

text: is

text: named

text: bought

text: acres

text: ha

text: of

text: land

text: along

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: in

text: and

text: Philo

text: Judson

text: developed

text: plans

text: for

text: what

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Evanston

text: Illinois

text: The

text: first

text: building

text: Old

text: College

text: opened

text: on

text: November

text: To

text: raise

text: funds

text: for

text: its

text: construction

text: Northwestern

text: sold

text: perpetual

text: scholarships

text: entitling

text: the

text: purchaser

text: and

text: his

text: heirs

text: to

text: free

text: tuition

text: Another

text: building

text: University

text: Hall

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: Joliet

text: limestone

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Water

text: Tower

text: also

text: built

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: Chicago

text: to

text: survive

text: the

text: Great

text: Chicago

text: Fire

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: Evanston

text: College

text: for

text: Ladies

text: merged

text: with

text: Northwestern

text: and

text: Frances

text: Willard

text: who

text: later

text: gained

text: fame

text: as

text: a

text: suffragette

text: and

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: Woman

text: 's

text: Christian

text: Temperance

text: Union

text: WCTU

text: became

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: first

text: dean

text: of

text: women

text: Willard

text: Residential

text: College

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: her

text: honor

text: Northwestern

text: admitted

text: its

text: first

text: women

text: students

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: was

text: graduated

text: in

question: What was the name of the first building opened in 1855?

answer: Old College

text: Old College

question: What did Northwestern sell to raise funds for it's first building?

answer: $100 "perpetual scholarships"

text: $100 "perpetual scholarships"

question: Who received free tuition after buying the $100 perpetual scholarships?

answer: the purchaser and his heirs

text: the purchaser and his heirs

question: Who did Northwestern merge with in 1873?

answer: Evanston College for Ladies

text: Evanston College for Ladies

question: Who was Northwestern's first dean of women?

answer: Frances Willard

text: Frances Willard


text: The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the "separation of church and state" doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church-state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: first

text: amendment

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: Constitution

text: states

text: Congress

text: shall

text: make

text: no

text: law

text: respecting

text: an

text: establishment

text: of

text: religion

text: or

text: prohibiting

text: the

text: free

text: exercise

text: thereof

text: The

text: two

text: parts

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: establishment

text: clause

text: and

text: the

text: free

text: exercise

text: clause

text: respectively

text: form

text: the

text: textual

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: 's

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: doctrine

text: Three

text: central

text: concepts

text: were

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Amendment

text: which

text: became

text: America

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: for

text: church

text: state

text: separation

text: no

text: coercion

text: in

text: religious

text: matters

text: no

text: expectation

text: to

text: support

text: a

text: religion

text: against

text: one

text: 's

text: will

text: and

text: religious

text: liberty

text: encompasses

text: all

text: religions

text: In

text: sum

text: citizens

text: are

text: free

text: to

text: embrace

text: or

text: reject

text: a

text: faith

text: any

text: support

text: for

text: religion

text: financial

text: or

text: physical

text: must

text: be

text: voluntary

text: and

text: all

text: religions

text: are

text: equal

text: in

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: with

text: no

text: special

text: preference

text: or

text: favoritism

question: What does the first amendment to the US Constitution state?

answer: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof"

text: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof"

question: What is the first part of the First Amendment know as?

answer: "establishment clause"

text: "establishment clause"

question: What is the last part of the sentence of the First Amendment known as?

answer: "free exercise clause"

text: "free exercise clause"

question: What do the two clauses of the First Amendment for the basis of?

answer: the Supreme Court's interpretations of the "separation of church and state" doctrine.

text: the Supreme Court's interpretations of the "separation of church and state" doctrine.

question: What are citizens of the United States free to embrace or reject as they choose?

answer: a faith

text: a faith


text: The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion and is used in various parts that are exposed to seawater. Alloys of copper with aluminium (about 7%) have a pleasant golden color and are used in decorations. Some lead-free solders consist of tin alloyed with a small proportion of copper and other metals.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: The

text: alloy

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: nickel

text: called

text: cupronickel

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: low

text: denomination

text: coins

text: often

text: for

text: the

text: outer

text: cladding

text: The

text: US

text: coin

text: called

text: a

text: nickel

text: consists

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: nickel

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: homogeneous

text: composition

text: The

text: alloy

text: consisting

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: nickel

text: is

text: remarkable

text: for

text: its

text: resistance

text: to

text: corrosion

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: various

text: parts

text: that

text: are

text: exposed

text: to

text: seawater

text: Alloys

text: of

text: copper

text: with

text: aluminium

text: about

text: have

text: a

text: pleasant

text: golden

text: color

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: decorations

text: Some

text: lead

text: free

text: solders

text: consist

text: of

text: tin

text: alloyed

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: proportion

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: other

text: metals

question: What is the alloy of copper and nickel called?

answer: cupronickel

text: cupronickel

question: what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for?

answer: low-denomination coins

text: low-denomination coins

question: What is the metal composition of a US nickel?

answer: 75% copper and 25% nickel

text: 75% copper and 25% nickel

question: What extraordinary property does the alloy made up of 90% copper and 10% nickel possess?

answer: resistance to corrosion

text: resistance to corrosion

question: What color is created when the alloys of copper and aluminium are combined?

answer: golden

text: golden


text: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: A

text: solar

text: balloon

text: is

text: a

text: black

text: balloon

text: that

text: is

text: filled

text: with

text: ordinary

text: air

text: As

text: sunlight

text: shines

text: on

text: the

text: balloon

text: the

text: air

text: inside

text: is

text: heated

text: and

text: expands

text: causing

text: an

text: upward

text: buoyancy

text: force

text: much

text: like

text: an

text: artificially

text: heated

text: hot

text: air

text: balloon

text: Some

text: solar

text: balloons

text: are

text: large

text: enough

text: for

text: human

text: flight

text: but

text: usage

text: is

text: generally

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: toy

text: market

text: as

text: the

text: surface

text: area

text: to

text: payload

text: weight

text: ratio

text: is

text: relatively

text: high

question: What is a solar balloon?

answer: a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air

text: a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air

question: What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?

answer: the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force

text: the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force

question: What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?

answer: the toy market

text: the toy market

question: Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?

answer: the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high

text: the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high


text: Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley. Egypt is a Mediterranean country. It is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/

text: Arabic

text: مِصر

text: Miṣr

text: Egyptian

text: Arabic

text: مَصر

text: Maṣr

text: Coptic

text: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ

text: Khemi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: a

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: via

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Eurafrasian

text: nation

text: Most

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: territory

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: Nile

text: Valley

text: Egypt

text: is

text: a

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

question: What 2 continents meet at Egypt?

answer: Africa and southwest corner of Asia

text: Africa and southwest corner of Asia

question: What land bridge between Asian and Africa?

answer: Sinai Peninsula

text: Sinai Peninsula

question: How larger is Egypt?

answer: 1,010,408 square kilometres

text: 1,010,408 square kilometres

question: What Sea borders Egypt to the east?

answer: Red Sea

text: Red Sea

question: What country borders Egypt to the south?

answer: Sudan

text: Sudan


text: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Literature

text: consists

text: of

text: written

text: productions

text: often

text: restricted

text: to

text: those

text: deemed

text: to

text: have

text: artistic

text: or

text: intellectual

text: value

text: Its

text: Latin

text: root

text: literatura

text: litteratura

text: derived

text: itself

text: from

text: littera

text: letter

text: or

text: handwriting

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: all

text: written

text: accounts

text: but

text: intertwined

text: with

text: the

text: roman

text: concept

text: of

text: cultura

text: learning

text: or

text: cultivation

text: Literature

text: often

text: uses

text: language

text: differently

text: than

text: ordinary

text: language

text: see

text: literariness

text: Literature

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: fiction

text: or

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: poetry

text: or

text: prose

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: distinguished

text: according

text: to

text: major

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: novel

text: short

text: story

text: or

text: drama

text: and

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: categorised

text: according

text: to

text: historical

text: periods

text: or

text: their

text: adherence

text: to

text: certain

text: aesthetic

text: features

text: or

text: expectations

text: genre

question: What two key elements that distinguish literature as a written form of art?

answer: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value

text: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value

question: What are two major divisions of literature?

answer: fiction or non-fiction

text: fiction or non-fiction

question: Besides this major division, what are two other sub-divisions to describe literature?

answer: poetry or prose

text: poetry or prose

question: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?

answer: the novel, short story or drama

text: the novel, short story or drama

question: What words are the Latin roots of the word "literature?"

answer: literatura/litteratura

text: literatura/litteratura


text: Neither John nor the rebel barons seriously attempted to implement the peace accord. The rebel barons suspected that the proposed baronial council would be unacceptable to John and that he would challenge the legality of the charter; they packed the baronial council with their own hardliners and refused to demobilise their forces or surrender London as agreed. Despite his promises to the contrary, John appealed to Innocent for help, observing that the charter compromised the pope's rights under the 1213 agreement that had appointed him John's feudal lord. Innocent obliged; he declared the charter "not only shameful and demeaning, but illegal and unjust" and excommunicated the rebel barons. The failure of the agreement led rapidly to the First Barons' War.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Neither

text: John

text: nor

text: the

text: rebel

text: barons

text: seriously

text: attempted

text: to

text: implement

text: the

text: peace

text: accord

text: The

text: rebel

text: barons

text: suspected

text: that

text: the

text: proposed

text: baronial

text: council

text: would

text: be

text: unacceptable

text: to

text: John

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: challenge

text: the

text: legality

text: of

text: the

text: charter

text: they

text: packed

text: the

text: baronial

text: council

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: hardliners

text: and

text: refused

text: to

text: demobilise

text: their

text: forces

text: or

text: surrender

text: London

text: as

text: agreed

text: Despite

text: his

text: promises

text: to

text: the

text: contrary

text: John

text: appealed

text: to

text: Innocent

text: for

text: help

text: observing

text: that

text: the

text: charter

text: compromised

text: the

text: pope

text: 's

text: rights

text: under

text: the

text: agreement

text: that

text: had

text: appointed

text: him

text: John

text: 's

text: feudal

text: lord

text: Innocent

text: obliged

text: he

text: declared

text: the

text: charter

text: not

text: only

text: shameful

text: and

text: demeaning

text: but

text: illegal

text: and

text: unjust

text: and

text: excommunicated

text: the

text: rebel

text: barons

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: agreement

text: led

text: rapidly

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: Barons

text: War

question: Who suspected that the proposed baronial council would be unacceptable?

answer: rebel barons

text: rebel barons

question: John appealed to who for help?

answer: Innocent

text: Innocent

question: The failure of the agreement lead to what?

answer: First Barons' War

text: First Barons' War


text: Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia (the 3rd republic) after its independence from the USSR in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century, relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries due to Turkey's refusal to establish them for numerous reasons. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War and citing it as the reason, Turkey illegally closed its land border with Armenia in 1993. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Turkey

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: poor

text: relations

text: with

text: Armenia

text: over

text: its

text: refusal

text: to

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: Turkey

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: countries

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

text: the

text: republic

text: after

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: Despite

text: this

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: relations

text: remain

text: tense

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: formal

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: due

text: to

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: establish

text: them

text: for

text: numerous

text: reasons

text: During

text: the

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: War

text: and

text: citing

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: reason

text: Turkey

text: illegally

text: closed

text: its

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Armenia

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: not

text: lifted

text: its

text: blockade

text: despite

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: powerful

text: Turkish

text: business

text: lobby

text: interested

text: in

text: Armenian

text: markets

question: When did Turkey close off its border with Armenia?

answer: 1993

question: Which country claims the Armenian Genocide didn't occur?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey

question: When did Armenia gain independence from the USSR?

answer: 1991

question: Who wants the border between Turkey and Armenia opened?

answer: Turkish business lobby

text: Turkish business lobby


text: In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: In

text: contrast

text: the

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Xochimilco

text: Tláhuac

text: and

text: Iztapalapa

text: presented

text: the

text: lowest

text: HDI

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: with

text: values

text: of

text: and

text: respectively

text: values

text: still

text: in

text: the

text: global

text: high

text: HDI

text: range

text: The

text: only

text: borough

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: present

text: a

text: high

text: HDI

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: rural

text: Milpa

text: Alta

text: which

text: presented

text: a

text: medium

text: HDI

text: of

text: far

text: below

text: all

text: other

text: boroughs

text: nationally

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: stood

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: HDI

text: for

text: the

text: report

text: was

text: of

text: very

text: high

text: and

text: its

text: value

text: of

text: very

text: high

text: or

text: by

text: newer

text: methodology

text: and

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: highest

question: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?

answer: Iztapalapa

text: Iztapalapa

question: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?

answer: Milpa Alta

text: Milpa Alta

question: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?

answer: 627th

question: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?

answer: top 200

text: top 200

question: What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?

answer: .7984