text: The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as "very destructive" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference. (USGS, using the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (CC), also placed maximum intensity at XI, "very disastrous".) Two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around Yingxiu, Wenchuan (the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake) and Beichuan (the town repeatedly struck by strong aftershocks including one registering MS 6.1 on Aug 1, 2008), both in Sichuan Province, occupying a total of 2,419 km2. The Yingxiu liedu-XI zone is about 66 km long and 20 km wide along Wenchuan–Dujiangyan–Pengzhou; the Beichuan liedu-XI zone is about 82 km long and 15 km wide along An County–Beichuan–Pingwu. The area with liedu X (comparable to X on EMS, "destructive" and X on MM, "disastrous") spans 3,144 km2. The area affected by earthquakes exceeding liedu VI totals 440,442 km2, occupying an oval 936 km long and 596 km wide, spanning three provinces and one autonomous region.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: map

text: of

text: earthquake

text: intensity

text: published

text: by

text: CEA

text: after

text: surveying

text: of

text: the

text: affected

text: area

text: shows

text: a

text: maximum

text: liedu

text: of

text: XI

text: on

text: the

text: China

text: Seismic

text: Intensity

text: Scale

text: CSIS

text: described

text: as

text: very

text: destructive

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: Macroseismic

text: Scale

text: EMS

text: from

text: which

text: CSIS

text: drew

text: reference

text: USGS

text: using

text: the

text: Modified

text: Mercalli

text: intensity

text: scale

text: CC

text: also

text: placed

text: maximum

text: intensity

text: at

text: XI

text: very

text: disastrous

text: Two

text: south

text: west

text: north

text: east

text: stripes

text: of

text: liedu

text: XI

text: are

text: centered

text: around

text: Yingxiu

text: Wenchuan

text: the

text: town

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: epicenter

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: quake

text: and

text: Beichuan

text: the

text: town

text: repeatedly

text: struck

text: by

text: strong

text: aftershocks

text: including

text: one

text: registering

text: MS

text: on

text: Aug

text: both

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: Province

text: occupying

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: The

text: Yingxiu

text: liedu

text: XI

text: zone

text: is

text: about

text: km

text: long

text: and

text: km

text: wide

text: along

text: Wenchuan

text: Dujiangyan

text: Pengzhou

text: the

text: Beichuan

text: liedu

text: XI

text: zone

text: is

text: about

text: km

text: long

text: and

text: km

text: wide

text: along

text: An

text: County

text: Beichuan

text: Pingwu

text: The

text: area

text: with

text: liedu

text: X

text: comparable

text: to

text: X

text: on

text: EMS

text: destructive

text: and

text: X

text: on

text: MM

text: disastrous

text: spans

text: The

text: area

text: affected

text: by

text: earthquakes

text: exceeding

text: liedu

text: VI

text: totals

text: occupying

text: an

text: oval

text: km

text: long

text: and

text: km

text: wide

text: spanning

text: three

text: provinces

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: region

question: Who published the map of the earthquakes intensity?

answer: CEA

text: CEA

question: What was the intensity scaled at?

answer: XI

text: XI

question: What does the China Seismic Intensity Scale call the earthquake?

answer: very destructive

text: very destructive

question: How did the USGS rate the earthquake?

answer: very disastrous

text: very disastrous

question: What town was closest to the main epicenter?

answer: Yingxiu, Wenchuan

text: Yingxiu, Wenchuan


text: The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: US

text: ended

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: with

text: two

text: AA

text: guns

text: and

text: improvements

text: were

text: developed

text: throughout

text: the

text: inter

text: war

text: period

text: However

text: in

text: work

text: started

text: on

text: a

text: new

text: mm

text: static

text: mounting

text: AA

text: gun

text: but

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: were

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: because

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: work

text: had

text: started

text: on

text: the

text: mm

text: AA

text: gun

text: with

text: mobile

text: carriages

text: and

text: static

text: mountings

text: able

text: to

text: engage

text: air

text: sea

text: and

text: ground

text: targets

text: The

text: version

text: was

text: approved

text: in

text: During

text: the

text: there

text: was

text: some

text: work

text: on

text: a

text: which

text: lapsed

text: but

text: revived

text: in

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: gun

text: in

question: When were improvements developed for these guns?

answer: throughout the inter-war period

text: throughout the inter-war period

question: What year was the M1 version approved?

answer: 1940

question: Only a few of the 105 mm static mounting AA guns were produced because work had started on which other gun?

answer: 90 mm AA gun

text: 90 mm AA gun

question: When did work begin on the 105 mm static mounting AA gun?

answer: 1924

question: What kind of guns did the United States end WW I with?

answer: two 3-inch AA guns

text: two 3-inch AA guns


text: The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States. The failure of IndyMac Bank on July 11, 2008, was the fourth largest bank failure in United States history up until the crisis precipitated even larger failures, and the second largest failure of a regulated thrift. IndyMac Bank's parent corporation was IndyMac Bancorp until the FDIC seized IndyMac Bank. IndyMac Bancorp filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in July 2008.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: The

text: first

text: visible

text: institution

text: to

text: run

text: into

text: trouble

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: the

text: Southern

text: California

text: based

text: IndyMac

text: a

text: spin

text: off

text: of

text: Countrywide

text: Financial

text: Before

text: its

text: failure

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: savings

text: and

text: loan

text: association

text: in

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: market

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: mortgage

text: originator

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: on

text: July

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: bank

text: failure

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: history

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: crisis

text: precipitated

text: even

text: larger

text: failures

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: failure

text: of

text: a

text: regulated

text: thrift

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: 's

text: parent

text: corporation

text: was

text: IndyMac

text: Bancorp

text: until

text: the

text: FDIC

text: seized

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: IndyMac

text: Bancorp

text: filed

text: for

text: Chapter

text: bankruptcy

text: in

text: July

question: Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?

answer: Countrywide Financial

text: Countrywide Financial

question: On what date did IndyMac fail?

answer: July 11, 2008

text: July 11, 2008

question: Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States?

answer: IndyMac

text: IndyMac

question: Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States?

answer: IndyMac Bank

text: IndyMac Bank

question: Who was IndyMac's parent corporation?

answer: IndyMac Bancorp

text: IndyMac Bancorp


text: In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or time are substance, entities in themselves, or learned by experience; he holds, rather, that both are elements of a systematic framework we use to structure our experience. Spatial measurements are used to quantify how far apart objects are, and temporal measurements are used to quantitatively compare the interval between (or duration of) events. Although space and time are held to be transcendentally ideal in this sense, they are also empirically real—that is, not mere illusions.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: In

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: published

text: the

text: Critique

text: of

text: Pure

text: Reason

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: He

text: describes

text: time

text: as

text: an

text: a

text: priori

text: notion

text: that

text: together

text: with

text: other

text: a

text: priori

text: notions

text: such

text: as

text: space

text: allows

text: us

text: to

text: comprehend

text: sense

text: experience

text: Kant

text: denies

text: that

text: either

text: space

text: or

text: time

text: are

text: substance

text: entities

text: in

text: themselves

text: or

text: learned

text: by

text: experience

text: he

text: holds

text: rather

text: that

text: both

text: are

text: elements

text: of

text: a

text: systematic

text: framework

text: we

text: use

text: to

text: structure

text: our

text: experience

text: Spatial

text: measurements

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: quantify

text: how

text: far

text: apart

text: objects

text: are

text: and

text: temporal

text: measurements

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: quantitatively

text: compare

text: the

text: interval

text: between

text: or

text: duration

text: of

text: events

text: Although

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: transcendentally

text: ideal

text: in

text: this

text: sense

text: they

text: are

text: also

text: empirically

text: real

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: mere

text: illusions

question: When did Kant publish one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time.

answer: 1781

question: What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled?

answer: Critique of Pure Reason

text: Critique of Pure Reason

question: What did Kant describe time as?

answer: a priori notion

text: a priori notion

question: What did Kant say was similar notion to time?

answer: space

text: space

question: What did Kant say time and space allow one to do?

answer: sense experience

text: sense experience


text: Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziljɐ]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encompassing the whole of the Federal District) had a population of 2,556,149 in 2011, making it the 4th most populous city in Brazil. Among major Latin American cities, Brasília has the highest GDP per capita at R$61,915 (US$36,175).

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: Brasília

text: Portuguese

text: pronunciation

text: bɾaˈziljɐ

text: is

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: of

text: Brazil

text: and

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: atop

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: highlands

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: center

text: western

text: region

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: April

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: national

text: capital

text: Brasília

text: and

text: its

text: metro

text: encompassing

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Brazil

text: Among

text: major

text: Latin

text: American

text: cities

text: Brasília

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: at

text: US$

question: What is Brazil's capital?

answer: Brasília

text: Brasília

question: What region of Brazil is Brasilia in?

answer: center-western

text: center-western

question: What is Brasilia's GDP per capita in US dollars?

answer: US$36,175

question: When was Brasilia founded?

answer: April 21, 1960

text: April 21, 1960

question: What is the population of Brasilia's metro area?

answer: 2,556,149


text: In about 319, when Athanasius was a deacon, a presbyter named Arius came into a direct conflict with Alexander of Alexandria. It appears that Arius reproached Alexander for what he felt were misguided or heretical teachings being taught by the bishop. Arius's theological views appear to have been firmly rooted in Alexandrian Christianity, and his Christological views were certainly not radical at all. He embraced a subordinationist Christology which taught that Christ was the divine Son (Logos) of God, made, not begotten, heavily influenced by Alexandrian thinkers like Origen, and which was a common Christological view in Alexandria at the time. Support for Arius from powerful bishops like Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius of Nicomedia, further illustrate how Arius's subordinationist Christology was shared by other Christians in the Empire. Arius was subsequently excommunicated by Alexander, and he would begin to elicit the support of many bishops who agreed with his position.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: In

text: about

text: when

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: a

text: deacon

text: a

text: presbyter

text: named

text: Arius

text: came

text: into

text: a

text: direct

text: conflict

text: with

text: Alexander

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: It

text: appears

text: that

text: Arius

text: reproached

text: Alexander

text: for

text: what

text: he

text: felt

text: were

text: misguided

text: or

text: heretical

text: teachings

text: being

text: taught

text: by

text: the

text: bishop

text: Arius

text: 's

text: theological

text: views

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: firmly

text: rooted

text: in

text: Alexandrian

text: Christianity

text: and

text: his

text: Christological

text: views

text: were

text: certainly

text: not

text: radical

text: at

text: all

text: He

text: embraced

text: a

text: subordinationist

text: Christology

text: which

text: taught

text: that

text: Christ

text: was

text: the

text: divine

text: Son

text: Logos

text: of

text: God

text: made

text: not

text: begotten

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: Alexandrian

text: thinkers

text: like

text: Origen

text: and

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: common

text: Christological

text: view

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Support

text: for

text: Arius

text: from

text: powerful

text: bishops

text: like

text: Eusebius

text: of

text: Caesarea

text: and

text: Eusebius

text: of

text: Nicomedia

text: further

text: illustrate

text: how

text: Arius

text: 's

text: subordinationist

text: Christology

text: was

text: shared

text: by

text: other

text: Christians

text: in

text: the

text: Empire

text: Arius

text: was

text: subsequently

text: excommunicated

text: by

text: Alexander

text: and

text: he

text: would

text: begin

text: to

text: elicit

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: many

text: bishops

text: who

text: agreed

text: with

text: his

text: position

question: What made Arius's belief about Jesus different from Alexander's?

answer: Son (Logos) of God, made, not begotten

text: Son (Logos) of God, made, not begotten

question: Was this differing view common among Christians of the day?

answer: common Christological view

text: common Christological view

question: What other leaders believed this?

answer: powerful bishops

text: powerful bishops

question: What eventually happened to Arius?

answer: excommunicated by Alexander

text: excommunicated by Alexander


text: Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Training

text: programs

text: vary

text: in

text: length

text: for

text: example

text: Services

text: has

text: days

text: of

text: tech

text: school

text: training

text: while

text: Explosive

text: Ordnance

text: Disposal

text: is

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: training

text: with

text: a

text: preliminary

text: school

text: and

text: a

text: main

text: school

text: consisting

text: of

text: over

text: separate

text: divisions

text: sometimes

text: taking

text: students

text: close

text: to

text: two

text: years

text: to

text: complete

text: Officer

text: technical

text: training

text: conducted

text: by

text: Second

text: Air

text: Force

text: can

text: also

text: vary

text: by

text: AFSC

text: while

text: flight

text: training

text: for

text: aeronautically

text: rated

text: officers

text: conducted

text: by

text: AETC

text: 's

text: Nineteenth

text: Air

text: Force

text: can

text: last

text: well

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: one

text: year

question: How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF?

answer: one year of training with a preliminary school

text: one year of training with a preliminary school

question: What USAF tech school has 31 days of training?

answer: 3M0X1 (Services)

text: 3M0X1 (Services)

question: Who conducts the training for Technical Officers in the USAF?

answer: Second Air Force

text: Second Air Force

question: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last?

answer: excess of one year

text: excess of one year


text: Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others. They are used where a combination of maximum control and minimum visible electronics are needed such as strings for Christmas and LED matrices. Some even have refresh rates in the kHz range, allowing for basic video applications.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Digital

text: RGB

text: LEDs

text: are

text: RGB

text: LEDs

text: that

text: contain

text: their

text: own

text: smart

text: control

text: electronics

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: power

text: and

text: ground

text: these

text: provide

text: connections

text: for

text: data

text: in

text: data

text: out

text: and

text: sometimes

text: a

text: clock

text: or

text: strobe

text: signal

text: These

text: are

text: connected

text: in

text: a

text: daisy

text: chain

text: with

text: the

text: data

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: LED

text: sourced

text: by

text: a

text: microprocessor

text: which

text: can

text: control

text: the

text: brightness

text: and

text: color

text: of

text: each

text: LED

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: others

text: They

text: are

text: used

text: where

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: maximum

text: control

text: and

text: minimum

text: visible

text: electronics

text: are

text: needed

text: such

text: as

text: strings

text: for

text: Christmas

text: and

text: LED

text: matrices

text: Some

text: even

text: have

text: refresh

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: kHz

text: range

text: allowing

text: for

text: basic

text: video

text: applications

question: What makes RGB LEDs different?

answer: contain their own "smart" control electronics

text: contain their own "smart" control electronics

question: How are Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected?

answer: in a daisy chain

text: in a daisy chain

question: What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED?

answer: microprocessor

text: microprocessor

question: The microprocessor does what in a digital RGB LED?

answer: control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others

text: control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others

question: What is one example of where Digital RGB LED lights are used?

answer: Christmas

text: Christmas


text: Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: is

text: organized

text: into

text: fourteen

text: constituent

text: schools

text: the

text: original

text: undergraduate

text: college

text: the

text: Yale

text: Graduate

text: School

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: and

text: twelve

text: professional

text: schools

text: While

text: the

text: university

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Yale

text: Corporation

text: each

text: school

text: 's

text: faculty

text: oversees

text: its

text: curriculum

text: and

text: degree

text: programs

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: a

text: central

text: campus

text: in

text: downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: the

text: University

text: owns

text: athletic

text: facilities

text: in

text: western

text: New

text: Haven

text: including

text: the

text: Yale

text: Bowl

text: a

text: campus

text: in

text: West

text: Haven

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: forest

text: and

text: nature

text: preserves

text: throughout

text: New

text: England

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: assets

text: include

text: an

text: endowment

text: valued

text: at

text: billion

text: as

text: of

text: September

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: any

text: educational

text: institution

text: The

text: Yale

text: University

text: Library

text: serving

text: all

text: constituent

text: schools

text: holds

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: volumes

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: academic

text: library

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: How many schools is Yale composed of?

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

question: How much is Yale's endowment worth?

answer: $25.6 billion

text: $25.6 billion

question: How many books are in the Yale University Library?

answer: 15 million

text: 15 million

question: Who runs Yale College?

answer: Yale Corporation

text: Yale Corporation

question: Where is the main Yale campus?

answer: downtown New Haven

text: downtown New Haven


text: The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trichet, former head of the French central bank, to be the ECB's first president. The French argued that since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French. This was opposed by the German, Dutch and Belgian governments who saw Duisenberg as a guarantor of a strong euro. Tensions were abated by a gentleman's agreement in which Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Bank

text: was

text: Wim

text: Duisenberg

text: the

text: former

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: central

text: bank

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Monetary

text: Institute

text: While

text: Duisenberg

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: EMI

text: taking

text: over

text: from

text: Alexandre

text: Lamfalussy

text: of

text: Belgium

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: ECB

text: came

text: into

text: existence

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: wanted

text: Jean

text: Claude

text: Trichet

text: former

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: central

text: bank

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: ECB

text: 's

text: first

text: president

text: The

text: French

text: argued

text: that

text: since

text: the

text: ECB

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: located

text: in

text: Germany

text: its

text: president

text: should

text: be

text: French

text: This

text: was

text: opposed

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Dutch

text: and

text: Belgian

text: governments

text: who

text: saw

text: Duisenberg

text: as

text: a

text: guarantor

text: of

text: a

text: strong

text: euro

text: Tensions

text: were

text: abated

text: by

text: a

text: gentleman

text: 's

text: agreement

text: in

text: which

text: Duisenberg

text: would

text: stand

text: down

text: before

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: mandate

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: Trichet

question: Who was the first president of the ECB?

answer: Wim Duisenberg

text: Wim Duisenberg

question: What was Duisenberg's previous business experience?

answer: former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute

text: former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute

question: Who did the French government think was best candidate for President of the ECB?

answer: Jean-Claude Trichet

text: Jean-Claude Trichet

question: Why did the French want a French bank president?

answer: since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French

text: since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French

question: What did the French, German, Dutch and Belgian governments finally compromise on with regards to managing the ECB?

answer: Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet

text: Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet


text: International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain."

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: International

text: reactions

text: to

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: death

text: were

text: divided

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: meant

text: that

text: the

text: shadow

text: of

text: tyranny

text: over

text: Libya

text: has

text: been

text: lifted

text: while

text: UK

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: David

text: Cameron

text: stated

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: proud

text: of

text: his

text: country

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: overthrowing

text: this

text: brutal

text: dictator

text: Contrastingly

text: former

text: Cuban

text: President

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: commented

text: that

text: in

text: defying

text: the

text: rebels

text: Gaddafi

text: would

text: enter

text: history

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: nations

text: while

text: Venezuelan

text: President

text: Hugo

text: Chávez

text: described

text: him

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: fighter

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: and

text: a

text: martyr

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: expressed

text: sadness

text: at

text: the

text: news

text: praising

text: Gaddafi

text: for

text: his

text: anti

text: apartheid

text: stance

text: remarking

text: that

text: he

text: backed

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: during

text: the

text: darkest

text: moments

text: of

text: our

text: struggle

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: mourned

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: a

text: hero

text: across

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: for

text: instance

text: a

text: vigil

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: Muslims

text: in

text: Sierra

text: Leone

text: The

text: Daily

text: Times

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: stated

text: that

text: while

text: undeniably

text: a

text: dictator

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: benevolent

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: that

text: only

text: knew

text: dictatorship

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: man

text: that

text: looked

text: out

text: for

text: his

text: people

text: and

text: made

text: them

text: the

text: envy

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Africa

text: The

text: Nigerian

text: newspaper

text: Leadership

text: reported

text: that

text: while

text: many

text: Libyans

text: and

text: Africans

text: would

text: mourn

text: Gaddafi

text: this

text: would

text: be

text: ignored

text: by

text: western

text: media

text: and

text: that

text: as

text: such

text: it

text: would

text: take

text: years

text: before

text: historians

text: decided

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: martyr

text: or

text: villain

question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?

answer: Hugo Chávez

text: Hugo Chávez

question: Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?

answer: Nelson Mandela

text: Nelson Mandela

question: Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?

answer: David Cameron

text: David Cameron

question: In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi?

answer: Sierra Leone

text: Sierra Leone

question: Who said something about tyranny?

answer: Barack Obama

text: Barack Obama


text: The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report called "extremely credible" the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory". According to surveys, only 5% of the Russian community have considered returning to Russia in the near future. Estonian Russians have developed their own identity – more than half of the respondents recognised that Estonian Russians differ noticeably from the Russians in Russia. When comparing the result with a survey from 2000, then Russians' attitude toward the future is much more positive.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Council

text: report

text: called

text: extremely

text: credible

text: the

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: citizenship

text: policy

text: of

text: Estonia

text: as

text: discriminatory

text: According

text: to

text: surveys

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: community

text: have

text: considered

text: returning

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: future

text: Estonian

text: Russians

text: have

text: developed

text: their

text: own

text: identity

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: respondents

text: recognised

text: that

text: Estonian

text: Russians

text: differ

text: noticeably

text: from

text: the

text: Russians

text: in

text: Russia

text: When

text: comparing

text: the

text: result

text: with

text: a

text: survey

text: from

text: then

text: Russians

text: attitude

text: toward

text: the

text: future

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: positive

question: What document labeled the the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory"?

answer: The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report

text: The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report

question: What percentage of Estonian Russians have though of going back to Russia?

answer: 5%

question: What proportion of Estonian Russians see themselves as different from their Russian counterparts?

answer: more than half

text: more than half


text: Madonna released the song "Hey You" for the Live Earth series of concerts. The song was available as a free download during its first week of release. She also performed it at the London Live Earth concert. Madonna announced her departure from Warner Bros. Records, and a new $120 million, ten-year 360 deal with Live Nation. She produced and wrote I Am Because We Are, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians. The documentary was directed by Nathan Rissman, who worked as Madonna's gardener. She also directed her first film Filth and Wisdom. The plot of the film revolved around three friends and their aspirations. The Times said she had "done herself proud" while The Daily Telegraph described the film as "not an entirely unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hang on to her day job." In December 2007, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced Madonna as one of the five inductees of 2008. At the induction ceremony on March 10, 2008, Madonna did not sing but asked fellow Hall of Fame inductees and Michigan natives The Stooges to perform her songs "Burning Up" and "Ray of Light". She thanked Christopher Flynn, her dance teacher from 35 years earlier, for his encouragement to follow her dreams.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: released

text: the

text: song

text: Hey

text: You

text: for

text: the

text: Live

text: Earth

text: series

text: of

text: concerts

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: available

text: as

text: a

text: free

text: download

text: during

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: of

text: release

text: She

text: also

text: performed

text: it

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: Live

text: Earth

text: concert

text: Madonna

text: announced

text: her

text: departure

text: from

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: million

text: ten

text: year

text: deal

text: with

text: Live

text: Nation

text: She

text: produced

text: and

text: wrote

text: I

text: Am

text: Because

text: We

text: Are

text: a

text: documentary

text: on

text: the

text: problems

text: faced

text: by

text: Malawians

text: The

text: documentary

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Nathan

text: Rissman

text: who

text: worked

text: as

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: gardener

text: She

text: also

text: directed

text: her

text: first

text: film

text: Filth

text: and

text: Wisdom

text: The

text: plot

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: revolved

text: around

text: three

text: friends

text: and

text: their

text: aspirations

text: The

text: Times

text: said

text: she

text: had

text: done

text: herself

text: proud

text: while

text: The

text: Daily

text: Telegraph

text: described

text: the

text: film

text: as

text: not

text: an

text: entirely

text: unpromising

text: first

text: effort

text: but

text: Madonna

text: would

text: do

text: well

text: to

text: hang

text: on

text: to

text: her

text: day

text: job

text: In

text: December

text: the

text: Rock

text: and

text: Roll

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: announced

text: Madonna

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: inductees

text: of

text: At

text: the

text: induction

text: ceremony

text: on

text: March

text: Madonna

text: did

text: not

text: sing

text: but

text: asked

text: fellow

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: inductees

text: and

text: Michigan

text: natives

text: The

text: Stooges

text: to

text: perform

text: her

text: songs

text: Burning

text: Up

text: and

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: She

text: thanked

text: Christopher

text: Flynn

text: her

text: dance

text: teacher

text: from

text: years

text: earlier

text: for

text: his

text: encouragement

text: to

text: follow

text: her

text: dreams

question: What song did Madonna release for the Live Earth series of concerts?

answer: Hey You

text: Hey You

question: Madonna had a new 10 year, $120 million record deal with which company?

answer: Live Nation

text: Live Nation

question: What was the documentary Madonna produced and wrote about the Malawis?

answer: I Am Because We Are

text: I Am Because We Are

question: What is the name of the first film Madonna directed?

answer: Filth and Wisdom

text: Filth and Wisdom

question: Who was one of the five inductees of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna


text: Unsure of his future, he first contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. She was later to say that Bell dedicated his life to the penetration of that "inhuman silence which separates and estranges." In 1893, Keller performed the sod-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new Bell's new Volta Bureau, dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Unsure

text: of

text: his

text: future

text: he

text: first

text: contemplated

text: returning

text: to

text: London

text: to

text: complete

text: his

text: studies

text: but

text: decided

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Boston

text: as

text: a

text: teacher

text: His

text: father

text: helped

text: him

text: set

text: up

text: his

text: private

text: practice

text: by

text: contacting

text: Gardiner

text: Greene

text: Hubbard

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Clarke

text: School

text: for

text: the

text: Deaf

text: for

text: a

text: recommendation

text: Teaching

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: system

text: in

text: October

text: Alexander

text: Bell

text: opened

text: his

text: School

text: of

text: Vocal

text: Physiology

text: and

text: Mechanics

text: of

text: Speech

text: in

text: Boston

text: which

text: attracted

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: deaf

text: pupils

text: with

text: his

text: first

text: class

text: numbering

text: students

text: While

text: he

text: was

text: working

text: as

text: a

text: private

text: tutor

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: pupils

text: was

text: Helen

text: Keller

text: who

text: came

text: to

text: him

text: as

text: a

text: young

text: child

text: unable

text: to

text: see

text: hear

text: or

text: speak

text: She

text: was

text: later

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: Bell

text: dedicated

text: his

text: life

text: to

text: the

text: penetration

text: of

text: that

text: inhuman

text: silence

text: which

text: separates

text: and

text: estranges

text: In

text: Keller

text: performed

text: the

text: sod

text: breaking

text: ceremony

text: for

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Bell

text: 's

text: new

text: Volta

text: Bureau

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: increase

text: and

text: diffusion

text: of

text: knowledge

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: deaf

question: What city did Bell decide to return to?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: In what year did Bell open his own school?

answer: 1872

question: How many people were in Bell's first class?

answer: 30

question: Which of Bell's students is the most well known?

answer: Helen Keller

text: Helen Keller


text: Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Webcomics

text: are

text: comics

text: that

text: are

text: available

text: on

text: the

text: internet

text: They

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: reach

text: large

text: audiences

text: and

text: new

text: readers

text: usually

text: can

text: access

text: archived

text: installments

text: Webcomics

text: can

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: infinite

text: canvas

text: meaning

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: constrained

text: by

text: size

text: or

text: dimensions

text: of

text: a

text: page

question: What comics are on the Internet?

answer: Webcomics

text: Webcomics

question: Webcomics reach large audiences and new what?

answer: readers

text: readers

question: With webcomics, readers have access to what?

answer: archived installments

text: archived installments

question: Not held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what?

answer: infinite canvas

text: infinite canvas


text: Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including rock and roll, blues, country, and rockabilly.[not verified in body] Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues, with musicians such as W.C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909.[not verified in body] Memphis is also home to Sun Records, where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers, and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s.[not verified in body] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry.[not verified in body] Three brick-and-mortar museums recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music: the Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, and the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson. Moreover, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly in which Tennessee played a crucial role, is based in Nashville.[not verified in body]

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Tennessee

text: has

text: played

text: a

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: many

text: forms

text: of

text: American

text: popular

text: music

text: including

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: blues

text: country

text: and

text: rockabilly.[not

text: verified

text: in

text: body

text: Beale

text: Street

text: in

text: Memphis

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: the

text: blues

text: with

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: W.C.

text: Handy

text: performing

text: in

text: its

text: clubs

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: verified

text: in

text: body

text: Memphis

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: Sun

text: Records

text: where

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Elvis

text: Presley

text: Johnny

text: Cash

text: Carl

text: Perkins

text: Jerry

text: Lee

text: Lewis

text: Roy

text: Orbison

text: and

text: Charlie

text: Rich

text: began

text: their

text: recording

text: careers

text: and

text: where

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: took

text: shape

text: in

text: the

text: verified

text: in

text: body

text: The

text: Victor

text: recording

text: sessions

text: in

text: Bristol

text: generally

text: mark

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: music

text: genre

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Ole

text: Opry

text: in

text: the

text: helped

text: make

text: Nashville

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: music

text: recording

text: industry.[not

text: verified

text: in

text: body

text: Three

text: brick

text: and

text: mortar

text: museums

text: recognize

text: Tennessee

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: nurturing

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: the

text: Memphis

text: Rock

text: N

text: Soul

text: Museum

text: the

text: Country

text: Music

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: and

text: Museum

text: in

text: Nashville

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Rock

text: A

text: Billy

text: Museum

text: in

text: Jackson

text: Moreover

text: the

text: Rockabilly

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: an

text: online

text: site

text: recognizing

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: rockabilly

text: in

text: which

text: Tennessee

text: played

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Nashville.[not

text: verified

text: in

text: body

question: What locale in Memphis is know as the place where blues was born?

answer: Beale Street

text: Beale Street

question: What Tennessee recording company first promoted Elvis Presley?

answer: Sun Records

text: Sun Records

question: Which Tennessee city is home to the Country Music Hall of Fame?

answer: Nashville

text: Nashville

question: Which museum celebrating popular music is located in Jackson, Tennessee?

answer: International Rock-A-Billy Museum

text: International Rock-A-Billy Museum

question: In which year is W.C. Handy first known to have been playing in Tennessee clubs?

answer: 1909


text: Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes and lighted wallpaper. As of 2015[update], LEDs powerful enough for room lighting remain somewhat more expensive, and require more precise current and heat management, than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Recent

text: developments

text: in

text: LEDs

text: permit

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: environmental

text: and

text: task

text: lighting

text: LEDs

text: have

text: many

text: advantages

text: over

text: incandescent

text: light

text: sources

text: including

text: lower

text: energy

text: consumption

text: longer

text: lifetime

text: improved

text: physical

text: robustness

text: smaller

text: size

text: and

text: faster

text: switching

text: Light

text: emitting

text: diodes

text: are

text: now

text: used

text: in

text: applications

text: as

text: diverse

text: as

text: aviation

text: lighting

text: automotive

text: headlamps

text: advertising

text: general

text: lighting

text: traffic

text: signals

text: camera

text: flashes

text: and

text: lighted

text: wallpaper

text: As

text: of

text: LEDs

text: powerful

text: enough

text: for

text: room

text: lighting

text: remain

text: somewhat

text: more

text: expensive

text: and

text: require

text: more

text: precise

text: current

text: and

text: heat

text: management

text: than

text: compact

text: fluorescent

text: lamp

text: sources

text: of

text: comparable

text: output

question: What type of atmosphere can LED lighting be used?

answer: environmental

text: environmental

question: What is an advantage to using LED lighting over the normal light sources?

answer: longer lifetime

text: longer lifetime

question: What does LED stand for?

answer: Light-emitting diodes

text: Light-emitting diodes

question: Why are some people hesitant to use LED lighting?

answer: more expensive

text: more expensive

question: What is a popular use for LED lighting?

answer: traffic signals

text: traffic signals


text: As of 2012[update], there are over 3.5 million vehicles operating in the city, of which 74% are two-wheelers, 15% cars and 3% three-wheelers. The remaining 8% include buses, goods vehicles and taxis. The large number of vehicles coupled with relatively low road coverage—roads occupy only 9.5% of the total city area:79—has led to widespread traffic congestion especially since 80% of passengers and 60% of freight are transported by road.:3 The Inner Ring Road, the Outer Ring Road, the Hyderabad Elevated Expressway, the longest flyover in India, and various interchanges, overpasses and underpasses were built to ease the congestion. Maximum speed limits within the city are 50 km/h (31 mph) for two-wheelers and cars, 35 km/h (22 mph) for auto rickshaws and 40 km/h (25 mph) for light commercial vehicles and buses.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: are

text: over

text: million

text: vehicles

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: two

text: wheelers

text: cars

text: and

text: three

text: wheelers

text: The

text: remaining

text: include

text: buses

text: goods

text: vehicles

text: and

text: taxis

text: The

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: vehicles

text: coupled

text: with

text: relatively

text: low

text: road

text: coverage

text: roads

text: occupy

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: city

text: led

text: to

text: widespread

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: especially

text: since

text: of

text: passengers

text: and

text: of

text: freight

text: are

text: transported

text: by

text: The

text: Inner

text: Ring

text: Road

text: the

text: Outer

text: Ring

text: Road

text: the

text: Hyderabad

text: Elevated

text: Expressway

text: the

text: longest

text: flyover

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: various

text: interchanges

text: overpasses

text: and

text: underpasses

text: were

text: built

text: to

text: ease

text: the

text: congestion

text: Maximum

text: speed

text: limits

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: for

text: two

text: wheelers

text: and

text: cars

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: for

text: auto

text: rickshaws

text: and

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: for

text: light

text: commercial

text: vehicles

text: and

text: buses

question: In 2012 how many vehicles were driving in Hyderabad?

answer: 3.5 million

text: 3.5 million

question: What percentage of the vehicles in Hyderabad were cars in 2012?

answer: 15%

question: What percentage of Hyderabad city was covered by roads in 2012?

answer: 9.5%

question: In 2012 what percentage of Hyderabad freight was moved by road?

answer: 60%

question: What is the maximum speed for buses in Hyderabad?

answer: 40 km/h (25 mph)

text: 40 km/h (25 mph)


text: During the Middle Ages, the Eastern Roman Empire survived, though modern historians refer to this state as the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: survived

text: though

text: modern

text: historians

text: refer

text: to

text: this

text: state

text: as

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: In

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: moved

text: into

text: positions

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: established

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: empires

text: of

text: their

text: own

question: What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?

answer: the Byzantine Empire

text: the Byzantine Empire

question: Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?

answer: Germanic peoples

text: Germanic peoples

question: What did Germanic people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?

answer: kingdoms and empires of their own

text: kingdoms and empires of their own


text: Despite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was aided by Lord George Sackville. The naval squadron and transports for the expedition were commanded by Richard Howe. The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay, proceeded to St. Malo, and, finding that it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan. It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction. The force then re-embarked under threat of the arrival of French relief forces. An attack on Havre de Grace was called off, and the fleet sailed on to Cherbourg; the weather being bad and provisions low, that too was abandoned, and the expedition returned having damaged French privateering and provided further strategic demonstration against the French coast.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Despite

text: the

text: debatable

text: strategic

text: success

text: and

text: the

text: operational

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: descent

text: on

text: Rochefort

text: William

text: Pitt

text: who

text: saw

text: purpose

text: in

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: asymmetric

text: enterprise

text: prepared

text: to

text: continue

text: such

text: operations

text: An

text: army

text: was

text: assembled

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Charles

text: Spencer

text: Duke

text: of

text: Marlborough

text: he

text: was

text: aided

text: by

text: Lord

text: George

text: Sackville

text: The

text: naval

text: squadron

text: and

text: transports

text: for

text: the

text: expedition

text: were

text: commanded

text: by

text: Richard

text: Howe

text: The

text: army

text: landed

text: on

text: June

text: at

text: Cancalle

text: Bay

text: proceeded

text: to

text: St.

text: Malo

text: and

text: finding

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: take

text: prolonged

text: siege

text: to

text: capture

text: it

text: instead

text: attacked

text: the

text: nearby

text: port

text: of

text: St.

text: Servan

text: It

text: burned

text: shipping

text: in

text: the

text: harbor

text: roughly

text: French

text: privateers

text: and

text: merchantmen

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: four

text: warships

text: which

text: were

text: under

text: construction

text: The

text: force

text: then

text: re

text: embarked

text: under

text: threat

text: of

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: French

text: relief

text: forces

text: An

text: attack

text: on

text: Havre

text: de

text: Grace

text: was

text: called

text: off

text: and

text: the

text: fleet

text: sailed

text: on

text: to

text: Cherbourg

text: the

text: weather

text: being

text: bad

text: and

text: provisions

text: low

text: that

text: too

text: was

text: abandoned

text: and

text: the

text: expedition

text: returned

text: having

text: damaged

text: French

text: privateering

text: and

text: provided

text: further

text: strategic

text: demonstration

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: coast

question: What was the style of William Pitt's warfare?

answer: saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise

text: saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise

question: What action did Pitt take against France in 1758?

answer: The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay

text: The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay

question: How did the invading British army do at St. Malo?

answer: it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan

text: it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan

question: What damage was done at the alternate site?

answer: It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction

text: It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction

question: How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?

answer: the expedition returned having damaged French privateering

text: the expedition returned having damaged French privateering


text: Menzies continued the expanded immigration program established under Chifley, and took important steps towards dismantling the White Australia Policy. In the early 1950s, external affairs minister Percy Spender helped to establish the Colombo Plan for providing economic aid to underdeveloped nations in Australia's region. Under that scheme many future Asian leaders studied in Australia. In 1958 the government replaced the Immigration Act's arbitrarily applied European language dictation test with an entry permit system, that reflected economic and skills criteria. In 1962, Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections (prior to this, indigenous people in Queensland, Western Australia and some in the Northern Territory had been excluded from voting unless they were ex-servicemen). In 1949 the Liberals appointed Dame Enid Lyons as the first woman to serve in an Australian Cabinet. Menzies remained a staunch supporter of links to the monarchy and British Commonwealth but formalised an alliance with the United States and concluded the Agreement on Commerce between Australia and Japan which was signed in July 1957 and launched post-war trade with Japan, beginning a growth of Australian exports of coal, iron ore and mineral resources that would steadily climb until Japan became Australia's largest trading partner.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: Menzies

text: continued

text: the

text: expanded

text: immigration

text: program

text: established

text: under

text: Chifley

text: and

text: took

text: important

text: steps

text: towards

text: dismantling

text: the

text: White

text: Australia

text: Policy

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: external

text: affairs

text: minister

text: Percy

text: Spender

text: helped

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: Colombo

text: Plan

text: for

text: providing

text: economic

text: aid

text: to

text: underdeveloped

text: nations

text: in

text: Australia

text: 's

text: region

text: Under

text: that

text: scheme

text: many

text: future

text: Asian

text: leaders

text: studied

text: in

text: Australia

text: In

text: the

text: government

text: replaced

text: the

text: Immigration

text: Act

text: 's

text: arbitrarily

text: applied

text: European

text: language

text: dictation

text: test

text: with

text: an

text: entry

text: permit

text: system

text: that

text: reflected

text: economic

text: and

text: skills

text: criteria

text: In

text: Menzies

text: Commonwealth

text: Electoral

text: Act

text: provided

text: that

text: all

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: should

text: have

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: enrol

text: and

text: vote

text: at

text: federal

text: elections

text: prior

text: to

text: this

text: indigenous

text: people

text: in

text: Queensland

text: Western

text: Australia

text: and

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: had

text: been

text: excluded

text: from

text: voting

text: unless

text: they

text: were

text: ex

text: servicemen

text: In

text: the

text: Liberals

text: appointed

text: Dame

text: Enid

text: Lyons

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: serve

text: in

text: an

text: Australian

text: Cabinet

text: Menzies

text: remained

text: a

text: staunch

text: supporter

text: of

text: links

text: to

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: but

text: formalised

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: concluded

text: the

text: Agreement

text: on

text: Commerce

text: between

text: Australia

text: and

text: Japan

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: launched

text: post

text: war

text: trade

text: with

text: Japan

text: beginning

text: a

text: growth

text: of

text: Australian

text: exports

text: of

text: coal

text: iron

text: ore

text: and

text: mineral

text: resources

text: that

text: would

text: steadily

text: climb

text: until

text: Japan

text: became

text: Australia

text: 's

text: largest

text: trading

text: partner

question: What did the Immigration Act's entry permit system include?

answer: economic and skills criteria

text: economic and skills criteria

question: Which ruling allowed indigenous Australians the right to vote?

answer: Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act

text: Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act

question: Who was the first women to serve on the Australian Cabinet?

answer: Dame Enid Lyons

text: Dame Enid Lyons


text: Many early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. There are links between Boullée's ideas and Edmund Burke's conception of the sublime. Ledoux addressed the concept of architectural character, maintaining that a building should immediately communicate its function to the viewer: taken literally such ideas give rise to "architecture parlante".

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: Many

text: early

text: century

text: neoclassical

text: architects

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: drawings

text: and

text: projects

text: of

text: Étienne

text: Louis

text: Boullée

text: and

text: Claude

text: Nicolas

text: Ledoux

text: The

text: many

text: graphite

text: drawings

text: of

text: Boullée

text: and

text: his

text: students

text: depict

text: spare

text: geometrical

text: architecture

text: that

text: emulates

text: the

text: eternality

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: There

text: are

text: links

text: between

text: Boullée

text: 's

text: ideas

text: and

text: Edmund

text: Burke

text: 's

text: conception

text: of

text: the

text: sublime

text: Ledoux

text: addressed

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: architectural

text: character

text: maintaining

text: that

text: a

text: building

text: should

text: immediately

text: communicate

text: its

text: function

text: to

text: the

text: viewer

text: taken

text: literally

text: such

text: ideas

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: architecture

text: parlante

question: Who influenced many 19th century neoclassical architects?

answer: Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux

text: Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux

question: What do geometric architecture emulate of the universe?

answer: eternality

text: eternality

question: What Edmund Burke concept is linked to Boullee's ideas?

answer: sublime

text: sublime

question: What concept did Ledoux address?

answer: architectural character

text: architectural character

question: As a concept of neoclassical architecture, what should be immediately communicated to viewer?

answer: building should immediately communicate its function

text: building should immediately communicate its function


text: On 11 July, Nasser replaced Amer with Mohamed Fawzi as general commander, over the protestations of Amer's loyalists in the military, 600 of whom marched on army headquarters and demanded Amer's reinstatement. After Nasser sacked thirty of the loyalists in response, Amer and his allies devised a plan to topple him on 27 August. Nasser was tipped off about their activities and, after several invitations, he convinced Amer to meet him at his home on 24 August. Nasser confronted Amer about the coup plot, which he denied before being arrested by Mohieddin. Amer committed suicide on 14 September. Despite his souring relationship with Amer, Nasser spoke of losing "the person closest to [him]". Thereafter, Nasser began a process of depoliticizing the armed forces, arresting dozens of leading military and intelligence figures loyal to Amer.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: July

text: Nasser

text: replaced

text: Amer

text: with

text: Mohamed

text: Fawzi

text: as

text: general

text: commander

text: over

text: the

text: protestations

text: of

text: Amer

text: 's

text: loyalists

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: of

text: whom

text: marched

text: on

text: army

text: headquarters

text: and

text: demanded

text: Amer

text: 's

text: reinstatement

text: After

text: Nasser

text: sacked

text: thirty

text: of

text: the

text: loyalists

text: in

text: response

text: Amer

text: and

text: his

text: allies

text: devised

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: topple

text: him

text: on

text: August

text: Nasser

text: was

text: tipped

text: off

text: about

text: their

text: activities

text: and

text: after

text: several

text: invitations

text: he

text: convinced

text: Amer

text: to

text: meet

text: him

text: at

text: his

text: home

text: on

text: August

text: Nasser

text: confronted

text: Amer

text: about

text: the

text: coup

text: plot

text: which

text: he

text: denied

text: before

text: being

text: arrested

text: by

text: Mohieddin

text: Amer

text: committed

text: suicide

text: on

text: September

text: Despite

text: his

text: souring

text: relationship

text: with

text: Amer

text: Nasser

text: spoke

text: of

text: losing

text: the

text: person

text: closest

text: to

text: him

text: Thereafter

text: Nasser

text: began

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: depoliticizing

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: arresting

text: dozens

text: of

text: leading

text: military

text: and

text: intelligence

text: figures

text: loyal

text: to

text: Amer

question: Who did Nasser appoint as the new head of Egypt's armed forces?

answer: Mohamed Fawzi

text: Mohamed Fawzi

question: How did Amer react to being confronted about planning a coup?

answer: suicide

text: suicide

question: How did Nasser try to deal with the military following the coup attempt?

answer: depoliticizing the armed forces

text: depoliticizing the armed forces

question: What loyalists did Nasser target?

answer: figures loyal to Amer

text: figures loyal to Amer


text: The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, and federal regulations. The NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: The

text: National

text: Archives

text: and

text: Records

text: Administration

text: NARA

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: charged

text: with

text: preserving

text: and

text: documenting

text: government

text: and

text: historical

text: records

text: and

text: with

text: increasing

text: public

text: access

text: to

text: those

text: documents

text: which

text: comprise

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: NARA

text: is

text: officially

text: responsible

text: for

text: maintaining

text: and

text: publishing

text: the

text: legally

text: authentic

text: and

text: authoritative

text: copies

text: of

text: acts

text: of

text: Congress

text: presidential

text: proclamations

text: and

text: executive

text: orders

text: and

text: federal

text: regulations

text: The

text: NARA

text: also

text: transmits

text: votes

text: of

text: the

text: Electoral

text: College

text: to

text: Congress

question: NARA is responsible for what collection of archives?

answer: National Archives

text: National Archives

question: What independent agency preserves the original copy of executive orders?

answer: National Archives and Records Administration

text: National Archives and Records Administration


text: Handshake packets consist of only a single PID byte, and are generally sent in response to data packets. Error detection is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form. Three basic types are ACK, indicating that data was successfully received, NAK, indicating that the data cannot be received and should be retried, and STALL, indicating that the device has an error condition and cannot transfer data until some corrective action (such as device initialization) occurs.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Handshake

text: packets

text: consist

text: of

text: only

text: a

text: single

text: PID

text: byte

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: sent

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: data

text: packets

text: Error

text: detection

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: transmitting

text: four

text: bits

text: that

text: represent

text: the

text: packet

text: type

text: twice

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: PID

text: byte

text: using

text: complemented

text: form

text: Three

text: basic

text: types

text: are

text: ACK

text: indicating

text: that

text: data

text: was

text: successfully

text: received

text: NAK

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: data

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: received

text: and

text: should

text: be

text: retried

text: and

text: STALL

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: device

text: has

text: an

text: error

text: condition

text: and

text: can

text: not

text: transfer

text: data

text: until

text: some

text: corrective

text: action

text: such

text: as

text: device

text: initialization

text: occurs

question: Handshake packets consist of only a single what?

answer: PID byte

text: PID byte

question: When are handshake packets generally sent?

answer: in response to data packets

text: in response to data packets

question: What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form?

answer: Error detection

text: Error detection


text: Evaporation and sublimation into a vacuum is called outgassing. All materials, solid or liquid, have a small vapour pressure, and their outgassing becomes important when the vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure. In man-made systems, outgassing has the same effect as a leak and can limit the achievable vacuum. Outgassing products may condense on nearby colder surfaces, which can be troublesome if they obscure optical instruments or react with other materials. This is of great concern to space missions, where an obscured telescope or solar cell can ruin an expensive mission.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Evaporation

text: and

text: sublimation

text: into

text: a

text: vacuum

text: is

text: called

text: outgassing

text: All

text: materials

text: solid

text: or

text: liquid

text: have

text: a

text: small

text: vapour

text: pressure

text: and

text: their

text: outgassing

text: becomes

text: important

text: when

text: the

text: vacuum

text: pressure

text: falls

text: below

text: this

text: vapour

text: pressure

text: In

text: man

text: made

text: systems

text: outgassing

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: effect

text: as

text: a

text: leak

text: and

text: can

text: limit

text: the

text: achievable

text: vacuum

text: Outgassing

text: products

text: may

text: condense

text: on

text: nearby

text: colder

text: surfaces

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: troublesome

text: if

text: they

text: obscure

text: optical

text: instruments

text: or

text: react

text: with

text: other

text: materials

text: This

text: is

text: of

text: great

text: concern

text: to

text: space

text: missions

text: where

text: an

text: obscured

text: telescope

text: or

text: solar

text: cell

text: can

text: ruin

text: an

text: expensive

text: mission

question: what is evaporation and sublimation in a vacuum?

answer: outgassing

text: outgassing

question: Why can outgassing products ruin a space mission?

answer: obscure optical instruments

text: obscure optical instruments

question: When does outgassing become important in all solid or liquid materials?

answer: vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure

text: vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure


text: In 1713 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. The death of Asif Jah I in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons, backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces, contended for the throne. The accession of Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the treaty of Masulipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: In

text: Farrukhsiyar

text: the

text: Mughal

text: emperor

text: appointed

text: Asif

text: Jah

text: I

text: to

text: be

text: Viceroy

text: of

text: the

text: Deccan

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: Nizam

text: ul

text: Mulk

text: Administrator

text: of

text: the

text: Realm

text: In

text: Asif

text: Jah

text: I

text: defeated

text: Mubariz

text: Khan

text: to

text: establish

text: autonomy

text: over

text: the

text: Deccan

text: Suba

text: named

text: the

text: region

text: Hyderabad

text: Deccan

text: and

text: started

text: what

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Asif

text: Jahi

text: dynasty

text: Subsequent

text: rulers

text: retained

text: the

text: title

text: Nizam

text: ul

text: Mulk

text: and

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Asif

text: Jahi

text: Nizams

text: or

text: Nizams

text: of

text: Hyderabad

text: The

text: death

text: of

text: Asif

text: Jah

text: I

text: in

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: political

text: unrest

text: as

text: his

text: sons

text: backed

text: by

text: opportunistic

text: neighbouring

text: states

text: and

text: colonial

text: foreign

text: forces

text: contended

text: for

text: the

text: throne

text: The

text: accession

text: of

text: Asif

text: Jah

text: II

text: who

text: reigned

text: from

text: to

text: ended

text: the

text: instability

text: In

text: he

text: signed

text: the

text: treaty

text: of

text: Masulipatnam

text: surrendering

text: the

text: coastal

text: region

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: a

text: fixed

text: annual

text: rent

question: What position did Farrukhsiyar hold?

answer: emperor

text: emperor

question: What official title did the Viceroy of Deccan hold?

answer: Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm)

text: Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm)

question: Who was the Viceroy of the Deccan under Farrukhsiyar?

answer: Asif Jah I

text: Asif Jah I

question: In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I?

answer: 1724

question: What did Asif Jah I rename Deccan Suba to?

answer: Hyderabad Deccan

text: Hyderabad Deccan


text: Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠540 THz (7014540000000000000♠540×1012 Hz). Each photon has an energy E = hf = 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J. That is a very small amount of energy in terms of everyday experience, but everyday experience is not concerned with individual photons any more than with individual atoms or molecules. An amount of light compatible with everyday experience is the energy of one mole of photons; its energy can be computed by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant, NA ≈ 7023602200000000000♠6.022×1023 mol−1. The result is that green light of wavelength 555 nm has an energy of 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol, a typical energy of everyday life.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: Equivalently

text: the

text: smallness

text: of

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: reflects

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: everyday

text: objects

text: and

text: systems

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: particles

text: For

text: example

text: green

text: light

text: with

text: a

text: wavelength

text: of

text: nanometres

text: the

text: approximate

text: wavelength

text: to

text: which

text: human

text: eyes

text: are

text: most

text: sensitive

text: has

text: a

text: frequency

text: of

text: THz

text: Hz

text: Each

text: photon

text: has

text: an

text: energy

text: E

text: hf

text: J.

text: That

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: energy

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: everyday

text: experience

text: but

text: everyday

text: experience

text: is

text: not

text: concerned

text: with

text: individual

text: photons

text: any

text: more

text: than

text: with

text: individual

text: atoms

text: or

text: molecules

text: An

text: amount

text: of

text: light

text: compatible

text: with

text: everyday

text: experience

text: is

text: the

text: energy

text: of

text: one

text: mole

text: of

text: photons

text: its

text: energy

text: can

text: be

text: computed

text: by

text: multiplying

text: the

text: photon

text: energy

text: by

text: the

text: Avogadro

text: constant

text: The

text: result

text: is

text: that

text: green

text: light

text: of

text: wavelength

text: nm

text: has

text: an

text: energy

text: of

text: kJ

text: mol

text: a

text: typical

text: energy

text: of

text: everyday

text: life

question: What are common things like furniture and stationary objects actually made of?

answer: particles

text: particles

question: Which light wavelength is the human eye most sensitive to?

answer: 555 nanometres

text: 555 nanometres

question: What color of light is the human eye most sensitive to?

answer: green

text: green

question: What does the smallness of the Planck constant show?

answer: the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles

text: the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles

question: At about what wavelength of light are human eyes most sensitive?

answer: 555 nanometres

text: 555 nanometres

question: What frequency does green light with a wavelength of 555 nanmetres have?

answer: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz

text: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz

question: How is the energy from one mole of photos computed?

answer: by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant

text: by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant

question: How much energy does a green light of wavelength 555 nm contain?

answer: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol

text: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol

question: What is the wavelength of light to which human eyes are most sensitive?

answer: 555 nanometres

text: 555 nanometres

question: What is the frequency of the light to which the human eye is most sensitive?

answer: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz

text: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz

question: What is the energy of a photon?

answer: 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J

text: 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J

question: How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive?

answer: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol

text: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol


text: Every major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud. Following charges of illegal marketing, two of the settlements set records last year for the largest criminal fines ever imposed on corporations. One involved Eli Lilly's antipsychotic Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra. In the Bextra case, the government also charged Pfizer with illegally marketing another antipsychotic, Geodon; Pfizer settled that part of the claim for $301 million, without admitting any wrongdoing.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Every

text: major

text: company

text: selling

text: the

text: antipsychotics

text: Bristol

text: Myers

text: Squibb

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: Pfizer

text: AstraZeneca

text: and

text: Johnson

text: Johnson

text: has

text: either

text: settled

text: recent

text: government

text: cases

text: under

text: the

text: False

text: Claims

text: Act

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: dollars

text: or

text: is

text: currently

text: under

text: investigation

text: for

text: possible

text: health

text: care

text: fraud

text: Following

text: charges

text: of

text: illegal

text: marketing

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: settlements

text: set

text: records

text: last

text: year

text: for

text: the

text: largest

text: criminal

text: fines

text: ever

text: imposed

text: on

text: corporations

text: One

text: involved

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: 's

text: antipsychotic

text: Zyprexa

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: involved

text: Bextra

text: In

text: the

text: Bextra

text: case

text: the

text: government

text: also

text: charged

text: Pfizer

text: with

text: illegally

text: marketing

text: another

text: antipsychotic

text: Geodon

text: Pfizer

text: settled

text: that

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: claim

text: for

text: million

text: without

text: admitting

text: any

text: wrongdoing

question: How much did Pfizer settle the illegal marketing suit for?

answer: $301 million

text: $301 million

question: What drugs were involved in cases of the largest criminal fines?

answer: Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra

text: Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra

question: What was Pfizer accused of illegally marketing?

answer: Geodon

text: Geodon

question: What companies have been involved with health care fraud cases?

answer: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson

text: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson

question: What do illegal marketing cases fall under?

answer: False Claims Act

text: False Claims Act

question: Firms such as Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca have settled claims under what act?

answer: False Claims Act

text: False Claims Act

question: Zyprexa was owned by what company?

answer: Eli Lilly

text: Eli Lilly

question: Pfizer was charged with illegally marketing what antipsychotic drug?

answer: Geodon

text: Geodon

question: Pfizer settled the Geodon lawsuit for how much money?

answer: $301 million

text: $301 million


text: The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: economy

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: advanced

text: and

text: high

text: income

text: Greece

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Organisation

text: for

text: Economic

text: Co

text: operation

text: and

text: Development

text: OECD

text: and

text: the

text: Organization

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Economic

text: Cooperation

text: BSEC

text: In

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Communities

text: and

text: the

text: single

text: market

text: was

text: signed

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: Greece

text: was

text: accepted

text: into

text: the

text: Economic

text: and

text: Monetary

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: in

text: January

text: adopted

text: the

text: Euro

text: as

text: its

text: currency

text: replacing

text: the

text: Greek

text: drachma

text: at

text: an

text: exchange

text: rate

text: of

text: drachma

text: to

text: the

text: Euro

text: Greece

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: and

text: is

text: ranked

text: on

text: the

text: KOF

text: Globalization

text: Index

text: for

question: What classification does the Greek economy hold?

answer: advanced and high-income

text: advanced and high-income

question: Greece help found what economic organizations?

answer: Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

text: Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

question: When was Greece accepted into the European Union?

answer: 19 June 2000

text: 19 June 2000

question: When did Greece start using the Euro as its currency?

answer: January 2001

text: January 2001

question: What was Greece's former currency?

answer: the Greek drachma

text: the Greek drachma


text: In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: In

text: John

text: Goldsmith

text: introduced

text: autosegmental

text: phonology

text: Phonological

text: phenomena

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: seen

text: as

text: operating

text: on

text: one

text: linear

text: sequence

text: of

text: segments

text: called

text: phonemes

text: or

text: feature

text: combinations

text: but

text: rather

text: as

text: involving

text: some

text: parallel

text: sequences

text: of

text: features

text: which

text: reside

text: on

text: multiple

text: tiers

text: Autosegmental

text: phonology

text: later

text: evolved

text: into

text: feature

text: geometry

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: standard

text: theory

text: of

text: representation

text: for

text: theories

text: of

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: phonology

text: as

text: different

text: as

text: lexical

text: phonology

text: and

text: optimality

text: theory

question: Who founded autosegmental phonology?

answer: John Goldsmith

text: John Goldsmith

question: When did John Goldsmith share his work?

answer: 1976

question: What did Autosegmental phonology morph into?

answer: feature geometry

text: feature geometry


text: In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age. The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: In

text: Thomas

text: J.

text: Watson

text: Jr.

text: published

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: first

text: written

text: equal

text: opportunity

text: policy

text: letter

text: one

text: year

text: before

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decision

text: in

text: Brown

text: vs.

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: and

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: In

text: IBM

text: 's

text: nondiscrimination

text: policy

text: was

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: sex

text: national

text: origin

text: and

text: age

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: IBM

text: hosted

text: its

text: first

text: Invention

text: Award

text: Dinner

text: honoring

text: outstanding

text: IBM

text: inventors

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: named

text: the

text: first

text: eight

text: IBM

text: Fellows

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: Fellowship

text: Program

text: that

text: recognizes

text: senior

text: IBM

text: scientists

text: engineers

text: and

text: other

text: professionals

text: for

text: outstanding

text: technical

text: achievements

question: Who published IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter?

answer: Thomas J. Watson, Jr

text: Thomas J. Watson, Jr

question: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?

answer: 1952

question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?

answer: sex, national origin, and age

text: sex, national origin, and age

question: Starting in 1963 IBM started a program by naming 8 of these.

answer: IBM Fellows

text: IBM Fellows

question: How many inventors were honored at IBM's first Invention Award Dinner?

answer: 34