text: In 1966, Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with German Jewish author Nelly Sachs. Leading Israeli poets have been Yehuda Amichai, Nathan Alterman and Rachel Bluwstein. Internationally famous contemporary Israeli novelists include Amos Oz, Etgar Keret and David Grossman. The Israeli-Arab satirist Sayed Kashua (who writes in Hebrew) is also internationally known.[citation needed] Israel has also been the home of two leading Palestinian poets and writers: Emile Habibi, whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist, and other writings, won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature; and Mahmoud Darwish, considered by many to be "the Palestinian national poet." Darwish was born and raised in northern Israel, but lived his adult life abroad after joining the Palestine Liberation Organization.[citation needed]

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: In

text: Shmuel

text: Yosef

text: Agnon

text: shared

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Literature

text: with

text: German

text: Jewish

text: author

text: Nelly

text: Sachs

text: Leading

text: Israeli

text: poets

text: have

text: been

text: Yehuda

text: Amichai

text: Nathan

text: Alterman

text: and

text: Rachel

text: Bluwstein

text: Internationally

text: famous

text: contemporary

text: Israeli

text: novelists

text: include

text: Amos

text: Oz

text: Etgar

text: Keret

text: and

text: David

text: Grossman

text: The

text: Israeli

text: Arab

text: satirist

text: Sayed

text: Kashua

text: who

text: writes

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: is

text: also

text: internationally

text: known.[citation

text: needed

text: Israel

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: two

text: leading

text: Palestinian

text: poets

text: and

text: writers

text: Emile

text: Habibi

text: whose

text: novel

text: The

text: Secret

text: Life

text: of

text: Saeed

text: the

text: Pessoptimist

text: and

text: other

text: writings

text: won

text: him

text: the

text: Israel

text: prize

text: for

text: Arabic

text: literature

text: and

text: Mahmoud

text: Darwish

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: national

text: poet

text: Darwish

text: was

text: born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: northern

text: Israel

text: but

text: lived

text: his

text: adult

text: life

text: abroad

text: after

text: joining

text: the

text: Palestine

text: Liberation

text: Organization.[citation

text: needed

question: Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize with who in 1966?

answer: Nelly Sachs

text: Nelly Sachs

question: What Israel-Arab satirist is internationally known?

answer: Sayed Kashua

text: Sayed Kashua

question: Who wrote the novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist?

answer: Emile Habibi

text: Emile Habibi


text: The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday. In Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent. In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands, the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11/11 (often at 11:11 a.m.). This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: term

text: Carnival

text: is

text: traditionally

text: used

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: Catholic

text: presence

text: However

text: the

text: Philippines

text: a

text: predominantly

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: country

text: does

text: not

text: celebrate

text: Carnival

text: anymore

text: since

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Manila

text: Carnival

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: carnival

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: historically

text: Lutheran

text: countries

text: the

text: celebration

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Fastelavn

text: and

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: concentration

text: of

text: Anglicans

text: and

text: Methodists

text: pre

text: Lenten

text: celebrations

text: along

text: with

text: penitential

text: observances

text: occur

text: on

text: Shrove

text: Tuesday

text: In

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: nations

text: Maslenitsa

text: is

text: celebrated

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: week

text: before

text: Great

text: Lent

text: In

text: German

text: speaking

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: the

text: Carnival

text: season

text: traditionally

text: opens

text: on

text: often

text: at

text: a.m.

text: This

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: celebrations

text: before

text: the

text: Advent

text: season

text: or

text: with

text: harvest

text: celebrations

text: of

text: St.

text: Martin

text: 's

text: Day

question: When does Fastelavn occur?

answer: Shrove Tuesday

text: Shrove Tuesday

question: The Philippines stopped celebrating Carnival after what year?

answer: 1939

question: Maslenitsa is celebrated in what type of nation?

answer: Eastern Orthodox

text: Eastern Orthodox

question: What is the Carnival celebration known as in Lutheran countries?

answer: Fastelavn

text: Fastelavn

question: When does Carnival typically begin in the Netherlands?

answer: on 11/11

text: on 11/11

question: The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: What country no longer celebrates Carnival?

answer: the Philippines

text: the Philippines

question: The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year?

answer: 1939

question: What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran?

answer: Fastelavn

text: Fastelavn

question: What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent?

answer: Maslenitsa

text: Maslenitsa


text: Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House, he had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the Democratic Caucus for four years, had been a 1988 presidential candidate, and had been majority leader from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican John Rhodes of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: Like

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leaders

text: are

text: typically

text: experienced

text: lawmakers

text: when

text: they

text: win

text: election

text: to

text: this

text: position

text: When

text: Nancy

text: Pelosi

text: D

text: CA

text: became

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: in

text: the

text: Congress

text: she

text: had

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: nearly

text: years

text: and

text: had

text: served

text: as

text: minority

text: whip

text: in

text: the

text: Congress

text: When

text: her

text: predecessor

text: Richard

text: Gephardt

text: D

text: MO

text: became

text: minority

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: for

text: almost

text: years

text: had

text: served

text: as

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Caucus

text: for

text: four

text: years

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: majority

text: leader

text: from

text: June

text: until

text: Republicans

text: captured

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: in

text: the

text: November

text: elections

text: Gephardt

text: 's

text: predecessor

text: in

text: the

text: minority

text: leadership

text: position

text: was

text: Robert

text: Michel

text: R

text: IL

text: who

text: became

text: GOP

text: Leader

text: in

text: after

text: spending

text: years

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: Michel

text: 's

text: predecessor

text: Republican

text: John

text: Rhodes

text: of

text: Arizona

text: was

text: elected

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: in

text: after

text: years

text: of

text: House

text: service

question: Are minority leaders usually experienced?

answer: Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position

text: Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position

question: In what congress did Nancy Pelosi bdcome minority leader?

answer: 108th Congress

text: 108th Congress

question: How long had Richard Gephart served in house prior to being elected to minority leader?

answer: 20 years

text: 20 years

question: When was Robert Michel elected minority leader?

answer: 1981

question: John Rhodes served as minority leader beginning in what year?

answer: 1973


text: Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during the months of November, December and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period. In late fall and early winter, atmospheric rivers (also known as "Pineapple Express" systems), strong frontal systems, and Pacific low pressure systems are common. Light rain & drizzle are the predominant forms of precipitation during the remainder of the year; for instance, on average, less than 1.6 in (41 mm) of rain falls in July and August combined when rain is rare. On occasion, Seattle experiences somewhat more significant weather events. One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon. Precipitation totals exceeded 13.8 in (350 mm) in some areas with winds topping out at 209 km/h (130 mph) along coastal Oregon. It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period. Lack of adaptation to the heavy rain contributed to five deaths and widespread flooding and damage.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: experiences

text: its

text: heaviest

text: rainfall

text: during

text: the

text: months

text: of

text: November

text: December

text: and

text: January

text: receiving

text: roughly

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: by

text: volume

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: In

text: late

text: fall

text: and

text: early

text: winter

text: atmospheric

text: rivers

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Pineapple

text: Express

text: systems

text: strong

text: frontal

text: systems

text: and

text: Pacific

text: low

text: pressure

text: systems

text: are

text: common

text: Light

text: rain

text: drizzle

text: are

text: the

text: predominant

text: forms

text: of

text: precipitation

text: during

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: for

text: instance

text: on

text: average

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: mm

text: of

text: rain

text: falls

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: combined

text: when

text: rain

text: is

text: rare

text: On

text: occasion

text: Seattle

text: experiences

text: somewhat

text: more

text: significant

text: weather

text: events

text: One

text: such

text: event

text: occurred

text: on

text: December

text: when

text: sustained

text: hurricane

text: force

text: winds

text: and

text: widespread

text: heavy

text: rainfall

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: strong

text: Pineapple

text: Express

text: event

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: greater

text: Puget

text: Sound

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: parts

text: of

text: Washington

text: and

text: Oregon

text: Precipitation

text: totals

text: exceeded

text: in

text: mm

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: with

text: winds

text: topping

text: out

text: at

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: along

text: coastal

text: Oregon

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: second

text: wettest

text: event

text: in

text: Seattle

text: history

text: when

text: a

text: little

text: over

text: mm

text: in

text: of

text: rain

text: fell

text: on

text: Seattle

text: in

text: a

text: period

text: Lack

text: of

text: adaptation

text: to

text: the

text: heavy

text: rain

text: contributed

text: to

text: five

text: deaths

text: and

text: widespread

text: flooding

text: and

text: damage

question: What quantity of yearly rainfall does Seattle have during the winter?

answer: half

text: half

question: What type of weather does Seattle have in the winter months?

answer: heaviest rainfall

text: heaviest rainfall

question: What are atmospheric rivers called  in the Seattle area?

answer: Pineapple Express

text: Pineapple Express

question: When did Seattle have hurricane type winds and heavy rains?

answer: December 2–4, 2007

text: December 2–4, 2007

question: How many deaths occurred during the 2007  heavy rains?

answer: five deaths

text: five deaths


text: The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: The

text: oldest

text: known

text: archaeological

text: fragments

text: of

text: the

text: immediate

text: precursor

text: to

text: modern

text: paper

text: date

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: in

text: China

text: The

text: pulp

text: papermaking

text: process

text: is

text: ascribed

text: to

text: Cai

text: Lun

text: a

text: century

text: AD

text: Han

text: court

text: eunuch

text: With

text: paper

text: as

text: an

text: effective

text: substitute

text: for

text: silk

text: in

text: many

text: applications

text: China

text: could

text: export

text: silk

text: in

text: greater

text: quantity

text: contributing

text: to

text: a

text: Golden

text: Age

question: Who is credited with the papermaking process?

answer: Cai Lun

text: Cai Lun

question: What material did paper replace upon its invention?

answer: silk

text: silk

question: Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards?

answer: Golden Age

text: Golden Age

question: What century is the first papermaking process attributed to?

answer: 2nd


text: The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Singapore and Vietnam show more Chinese influence in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India - only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: The

text: culture

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: is

text: very

text: diverse

text: on

text: mainland

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: the

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: Indochinese

text: Burma

text: Cambodia

text: Laos

text: and

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Chinese

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: While

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: the

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: indigenous

text: Austronesian

text: Indian

text: Islamic

text: Western

text: and

text: Chinese

text: cultures

text: Also

text: Brunei

text: shows

text: a

text: strong

text: influence

text: from

text: Arabia

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: show

text: more

text: Chinese

text: influence

text: in

text: that

text: Singapore

text: although

text: being

text: geographically

text: a

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: nation

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: Chinese

text: majority

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: in

text: China

text: 's

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: Indian

text: influence

text: in

text: Singapore

text: is

text: only

text: evident

text: through

text: the

text: Tamil

text: migrants

text: which

text: influenced

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: the

text: cuisine

text: of

text: Singapore

text: Throughout

text: Vietnam

text: 's

text: history

text: it

text: has

text: had

text: no

text: direct

text: influence

text: from

text: India

text: only

text: through

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Thai

text: Khmer

text: and

text: Cham

text: peoples

question: Arabia has a strong influence in which Southeast Asian country?

answer: Brunei

text: Brunei

question: Singapore & Vietnam shows which influence predominantly?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: The Indian influence is evident in which country through the Tamil migrants?

answer: Singapore

text: Singapore


text: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final, as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's European Championships.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: final

text: is

text: normally

text: held

text: the

text: Saturday

text: after

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: season

text: finishes

text: in

text: May.

text: The

text: only

text: seasons

text: in

text: recent

text: times

text: when

text: this

text: pattern

text: was

text: not

text: followed

text: were

text: when

text: most

text: rounds

text: were

text: played

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

text: earlier

text: than

text: normal

text: as

text: an

text: experiment

text: and

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: was

text: played

text: before

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: season

text: had

text: finished

text: to

text: allow

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: to

text: be

text: ready

text: for

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Champions

text: League

text: final

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: to

text: allow

text: England

text: time

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: that

text: summer

text: 's

text: European

text: Championships

question: When does the final take place?

answer: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.

text: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.

question: Was there a time this was not the case?

answer: in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000

text: in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000

question: Why was that?

answer: most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment

text: most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment

question: Did that ever happen again?

answer: 2010–11 and 2012–13

text: 2010–11 and 2012–13

question: What happened during those years?

answer: the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final

text: the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final


text: Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale. However, new heroes emerged, such as Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert, Luis Enrique and Rivaldo, and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year. Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Like

text: Maradona

text: Ronaldo

text: only

text: stayed

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: before

text: he

text: left

text: for

text: Internazionale

text: However

text: new

text: heroes

text: emerged

text: such

text: as

text: Luís

text: Figo

text: Patrick

text: Kluivert

text: Luis

text: Enrique

text: and

text: Rivaldo

text: and

text: the

text: team

text: won

text: a

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: and

text: La

text: Liga

text: double

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: club

text: celebrated

text: its

text: centenari

text: winning

text: the

text: Primera

text: División

text: title

text: and

text: Rivaldo

text: became

text: the

text: fourth

text: Barcelona

text: player

text: to

text: be

text: awarded

text: European

text: Footballer

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Despite

text: this

text: domestic

text: success

text: the

text: failure

text: to

text: emulate

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: in

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: led

text: to

text: van

text: Gaal

text: and

text: Núñez

text: resigning

text: in

question: In what year did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?

answer: 1998

question: In what year did Barcelona win the Primera División title?

answer: 1999

question: In what year did van Gaal and Núñez resign from Barcelona?

answer: 2000

question: Who was the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year?

answer: Rivaldo

text: Rivaldo

question: How long did Ronaldo remain with Barcelona?

answer: short time

text: short time

question: When did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?

answer: 1998

question: When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?

answer: 1999

question: What title did Barcelona win in 1999?

answer: Primera División

text: Primera División

question: Which Barcelona player was the fourth to win European Footballer of the Year?

answer: Rivaldo

text: Rivaldo


text: Drug discovery and development is very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries. In 2010 18 NMEs (New Molecular Entities) were approved and three biologics by the FDA, or 21 in total, which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008. On the other hand, there were only 18 approvals in total in 2007 and 22 back in 2006. Since 2001, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research has averaged 22.9 approvals a year. This approval comes only after heavy investment in pre-clinical development and clinical trials, as well as a commitment to ongoing safety monitoring. Drugs which fail part-way through this process often incur large costs, while generating no revenue in return. If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account, the cost of developing a successful new drug (new chemical entity, or NCE), has been estimated at about 1.3 billion USD(not including marketing expenses). Professors Light and Lexchin reported in 2012, however, that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Drug

text: discovery

text: and

text: development

text: is

text: very

text: expensive

text: of

text: all

text: compounds

text: investigated

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: humans

text: only

text: a

text: small

text: fraction

text: are

text: eventually

text: approved

text: in

text: most

text: nations

text: by

text: government

text: appointed

text: medical

text: institutions

text: or

text: boards

text: who

text: have

text: to

text: approve

text: new

text: drugs

text: before

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: marketed

text: in

text: those

text: countries

text: In

text: NMEs

text: New

text: Molecular

text: Entities

text: were

text: approved

text: and

text: three

text: biologics

text: by

text: the

text: FDA

text: or

text: in

text: total

text: which

text: is

text: down

text: from

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: approvals

text: in

text: total

text: in

text: and

text: back

text: in

text: Since

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Drug

text: Evaluation

text: and

text: Research

text: has

text: averaged

text: approvals

text: a

text: year

text: This

text: approval

text: comes

text: only

text: after

text: heavy

text: investment

text: in

text: pre

text: clinical

text: development

text: and

text: clinical

text: trials

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: ongoing

text: safety

text: monitoring

text: Drugs

text: which

text: fail

text: part

text: way

text: through

text: this

text: process

text: often

text: incur

text: large

text: costs

text: while

text: generating

text: no

text: revenue

text: in

text: return

text: If

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: these

text: failed

text: drugs

text: is

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: developing

text: a

text: successful

text: new

text: drug

text: new

text: chemical

text: entity

text: or

text: NCE

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: at

text: about

text: billion

text: USD(not

text: including

text: marketing

text: expenses

text: Professors

text: Light

text: and

text: Lexchin

text: reported

text: in

text: however

text: that

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: approval

text: for

text: new

text: drugs

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: relatively

text: stable

text: average

text: rate

text: of

text: to

text: for

text: decades

question: How much does it cost to develop a new drug?

answer: about 1.3 billion

text: about 1.3 billion

question: How many approvals of new drugs happen every year?

answer: averaged 22.9 approvals

text: averaged 22.9 approvals

question: Who is responsible for approval or rejection of new drugs?

answer: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

text: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

question: How many drugs were approved in 2007?

answer: 18 approvals

text: 18 approvals

question: Who reported the stable average rate in 2012?

answer: Professors Light and Lexchin

text: Professors Light and Lexchin

question: What does NMEs stand for?

answer: New Molecular Entities

text: New Molecular Entities

question: How many pharmaceutical drugs were approved on average since 2001?

answer: 22.9

question: What is the approximate cost of developing a new drug, including the costs of failure?

answer: 1.3 billion USD

text: 1.3 billion USD

question: What has been the stable approval rate of new drugs?

answer: 15 to 25

text: 15 to 25


text: Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's "new" police three decades later.

title: Police

title: Police

text: Colquhoun

text: 's

text: utilitarian

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: problem

text: using

text: a

text: cost

text: benefit

text: argument

text: to

text: obtain

text: support

text: from

text: businesses

text: standing

text: to

text: benefit

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: achieve

text: what

text: Henry

text: and

text: John

text: Fielding

text: failed

text: for

text: their

text: Bow

text: Street

text: detectives

text: Unlike

text: the

text: stipendiary

text: system

text: at

text: Bow

text: Street

text: the

text: river

text: police

text: were

text: full

text: time

text: salaried

text: officers

text: prohibited

text: from

text: taking

text: private

text: fees

text: His

text: other

text: contribution

text: was

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: preventive

text: policing

text: his

text: police

text: were

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: highly

text: visible

text: deterrent

text: to

text: crime

text: by

text: their

text: permanent

text: presence

text: on

text: the

text: Thames

text: Colquhoun

text: 's

text: innovations

text: were

text: a

text: critical

text: development

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: Robert

text: Peel

text: 's

text: new

text: police

text: three

text: decades

text: later

question: How did the Bow Street group pay their employees?

answer: stipendiary system

text: stipendiary system

question: Who started the Bow Street detectives?

answer: Henry and John Fielding

text: Henry and John Fielding

question: Who came up with the concept of the 'new' police?

answer: Robert Peel

text: Robert Peel

question: How did the Thames River Police pay their employees?

answer: full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees

text: full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees

question: What schedule did the Thames River Police employees work?

answer: full-time

text: full-time


text: While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in the District of Columbia, including the Federal Government, and any segregation in the Armed Forces". When he encountered opposition from the services, he used government control of military spending to force the change through, stating "Wherever Federal Funds are expended ..., I do not see how any American can justify ... a discrimination in the expenditure of those funds".

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: While

text: President

text: Truman

text: had

text: begun

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: desegregating

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: in

text: actual

text: implementation

text: had

text: been

text: slow

text: Eisenhower

text: made

text: clear

text: his

text: stance

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: address

text: in

text: February

text: saying

text: I

text: propose

text: to

text: use

text: whatever

text: authority

text: exists

text: in

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: to

text: end

text: segregation

text: in

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: including

text: the

text: Federal

text: Government

text: and

text: any

text: segregation

text: in

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: When

text: he

text: encountered

text: opposition

text: from

text: the

text: services

text: he

text: used

text: government

text: control

text: of

text: military

text: spending

text: to

text: force

text: the

text: change

text: through

text: stating

text: Wherever

text: Federal

text: Funds

text: are

text: expended

text: I

text: do

text: not

text: see

text: how

text: any

text: American

text: can

text: justify

text: a

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: expenditure

text: of

text: those

text: funds

question: Which president initially began to desegregate the US military?

answer: Truman

text: Truman

question: When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin?

answer: 1948

question: When did Eisenhower deliver his first State of the Union?

answer: February 1953

text: February 1953

question: What control did Eisenhower use to push through desegregation?

answer: military spending

text: military spending

question: In what geographical area did Eisenhower promise to end desegregation in his State of the Union address?

answer: District of Columbia

text: District of Columbia


text: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Countries

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: quartile

text: of

text: HDI

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: group

text: with

text: a

text: missing

text: IHDI

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Singapore

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Liechtenstein

text: Brunei

text: Qatar

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Andorra

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: Bahrain

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Kuwait

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

answer: Cuba

text: Cuba

question: Is the top quartile of HDI considered "high" or "very high" human development?

answer: very high

text: very high


text: East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the following centuries, Germans became the dominant ethnic group, while Poles and Lithuanians formed minorities. From the 13th century, East Prussia was part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 it became a fief of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525, with the Prussian Homage, the province became the Duchy of Prussia. The Old Prussian language had become extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: East

text: Prussia

text: enclosed

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: ancestral

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Old

text: Prussians

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: native

text: Prussians

text: were

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: crusading

text: Teutonic

text: Knights

text: The

text: indigenous

text: Balts

text: who

text: survived

text: the

text: conquest

text: were

text: gradually

text: converted

text: to

text: Christianity

text: Because

text: of

text: Germanization

text: and

text: colonisation

text: over

text: the

text: following

text: centuries

text: Germans

text: became

text: the

text: dominant

text: ethnic

text: group

text: while

text: Poles

text: and

text: Lithuanians

text: formed

text: minorities

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: monastic

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Knights

text: After

text: the

text: Second

text: Peace

text: of

text: Thorn

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: fief

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: In

text: with

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Homage

text: the

text: province

text: became

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: The

text: Old

text: Prussian

text: language

text: had

text: become

text: extinct

text: by

text: the

text: or

text: early

text: century

question: Who defeated the native Prussians during the 13 century?

answer: Teutonic Knights

text: Teutonic Knights

question: What other groups during this period for form minorities?

answer: Poles and Lithuanians

text: Poles and Lithuanians

question: The Balts were gradually converted into which religion?

answer: Christianity

text: Christianity

question: Which ethnic group become dominant following the 13 century just a few hundred years later?

answer: Germans

text: Germans

question: Around when did the Old Prussian language become extinct?

answer: 17th or early 18th century

text: 17th or early 18th century


text: Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection settings (including APNs and carrier branding), and reduce its internet usage in order to conserve bandwidth on metered networks. Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: also

text: incorporates

text: improved

text: support

text: for

text: mobile

text: broadband

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: can

text: now

text: detect

text: the

text: insertion

text: of

text: a

text: SIM

text: card

text: and

text: automatically

text: configure

text: connection

text: settings

text: including

text: APNs

text: and

text: carrier

text: branding

text: and

text: reduce

text: its

text: internet

text: usage

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: conserve

text: bandwidth

text: on

text: metered

text: networks

text: Windows

text: also

text: adds

text: an

text: integrated

text: airplane

text: mode

text: setting

text: to

text: globally

text: disable

text: all

text: wireless

text: connectivity

text: as

text: well

text: Carriers

text: can

text: also

text: offer

text: account

text: management

text: systems

text: through

text: Windows

text: Store

text: apps

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: automatically

text: installed

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: connection

text: process

text: and

text: offer

text: usage

text: statistics

text: on

text: their

text: respective

text: tile

question: What does airplone mode do?

answer: disable all wireless connectivity

text: disable all wireless connectivity

question: Where can Carrier account management systems be found?

answer: Windows Store apps

text: Windows Store apps

question: What are some connection settings in Windows 8?

answer: APNs and carrier branding

text: APNs and carrier branding

question: What registers the insertion of a SIM card?

answer: the operating system

text: the operating system


text: In the political realm, historians debate whether Napoleon was "an enlightened despot who laid the foundations of modern Europe or, instead, a megalomaniac who wrought greater misery than any man before the coming of Hitler." Many historians have concluded that he had grandiose foreign policy ambitions. The Continental powers as late as 1808 were willing to give him nearly all of his remarkable gains and titles, but some scholars maintain he was overly aggressive and pushed for too much, until his empire collapsed.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: In

text: the

text: political

text: realm

text: historians

text: debate

text: whether

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: an

text: enlightened

text: despot

text: who

text: laid

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: modern

text: Europe

text: or

text: instead

text: a

text: megalomaniac

text: who

text: wrought

text: greater

text: misery

text: than

text: any

text: man

text: before

text: the

text: coming

text: of

text: Hitler

text: Many

text: historians

text: have

text: concluded

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: grandiose

text: foreign

text: policy

text: ambitions

text: The

text: Continental

text: powers

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: give

text: him

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: remarkable

text: gains

text: and

text: titles

text: but

text: some

text: scholars

text: maintain

text: he

text: was

text: overly

text: aggressive

text: and

text: pushed

text: for

text: too

text: much

text: until

text: his

text: empire

text: collapsed

question: How have many historians described Napoleon's foreign policy ambitions?

answer: grandiose

text: grandiose

question: As late as what year were the Continental powers willing to give Napoleon most of the gains and titles he had acquired?

answer: 1808

question: Who continue to debate whether Napoleon was an enlightened despot, or a megalomaniac?

answer: historians

text: historians

question: Some scholars maintain Napoleon's excessive aggression and pushing caused what to collapse?

answer: his empire

text: his empire


text: The Louvre was the world's most visited art museum in 2014, with 9.3 million visitors. Its treasures include the Mona Lisa (La Joconde) and the Venus de Milo statue. Starkly apparent with its service-pipe exterior, the Centre Georges Pompidou, the second-most visited art museum in Paris, also known as Beaubourg, houses the Musée National d'Art Moderne. The Musée d'Orsay, in the former Orsay railway station, was the third-most visited museum in the city in 2014; it displays French art of the 19th century, including major collections of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. The original building - a railway station - was constructed for the Universal Exhibition of 1900. The Musée du quai Branly was the fourth-most visited national museum in Paris in 2014; it displays art objects from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. The Musée national du Moyen Âge, or Cluny Museum, presents Medieval art, including the famous tapestry cycle of The Lady and the Unicorn. The Guimet Museum, or Musée national des arts asiatiques, has one of the largest collections of Asian art in Europe. There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists, including the Picasso Museum the Rodin Museum, and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: Louvre

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: visited

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: with

text: million

text: visitors

text: Its

text: treasures

text: include

text: the

text: Mona

text: Lisa

text: La

text: Joconde

text: and

text: the

text: Venus

text: de

text: Milo

text: statue

text: Starkly

text: apparent

text: with

text: its

text: service

text: pipe

text: exterior

text: the

text: Centre

text: Georges

text: Pompidou

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: visited

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: Paris

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Beaubourg

text: houses

text: the

text: Musée

text: National

text: d'Art

text: Moderne

text: The

text: Musée

text: d'Orsay

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Orsay

text: railway

text: station

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: visited

text: museum

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: it

text: displays

text: French

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: including

text: major

text: collections

text: of

text: the

text: Impressionists

text: and

text: Post

text: Impressionists

text: The

text: original

text: building

text: a

text: railway

text: station

text: was

text: constructed

text: for

text: the

text: Universal

text: Exhibition

text: of

text: The

text: Musée

text: du

text: quai

text: Branly

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: visited

text: national

text: museum

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: it

text: displays

text: art

text: objects

text: from

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: Oceania

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: The

text: Musée

text: national

text: du

text: Moyen

text: Âge

text: or

text: Cluny

text: Museum

text: presents

text: Medieval

text: art

text: including

text: the

text: famous

text: tapestry

text: cycle

text: of

text: The

text: Lady

text: and

text: the

text: Unicorn

text: The

text: Guimet

text: Museum

text: or

text: Musée

text: national

text: des

text: arts

text: asiatiques

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: collections

text: of

text: Asian

text: art

text: in

text: Europe

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: notable

text: museums

text: devoted

text: to

text: individual

text: artists

text: including

text: the

text: Picasso

text: Museum

text: the

text: Rodin

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Musée

text: national

text: Eugène

text: Delacroix

question: What was the most visited art museum in Paris in 2014?

answer: The Louvre

text: The Louvre

question: Where is the Mona Lisa housed?

answer: The Louvre

text: The Louvre

question: What is the second most visited art museum in Paris?

answer: Centre Georges Pompidou

text: Centre Georges Pompidou

question: What museum is known for its display of French art of the 19th century?

answer: Musée du quai Branly

text: Musée du quai Branly

question: What is Musee national des arts asiatiques famous for housing?

answer: collections of Asian art

text: collections of Asian art


text: Interracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with women of native tribes. In the 17th century, faced with a continuing, critical labor shortage, colonists primarily in the Chesapeake Bay Colony, imported Africans as laborers, sometimes as indentured servants and, increasingly, as slaves. African slaves were also imported into New York and other northern ports by the Dutch and later English. Some African slaves were freed by their masters during these early years.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Interracial

text: relationships

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: intermixing

text: of

text: European

text: explorers

text: and

text: soldiers

text: who

text: took

text: native

text: women

text: as

text: companions

text: After

text: European

text: settlement

text: increased

text: traders

text: and

text: fur

text: trappers

text: often

text: married

text: or

text: had

text: unions

text: with

text: women

text: of

text: native

text: tribes

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: faced

text: with

text: a

text: continuing

text: critical

text: labor

text: shortage

text: colonists

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: Colony

text: imported

text: Africans

text: as

text: laborers

text: sometimes

text: as

text: indentured

text: servants

text: and

text: increasingly

text: as

text: slaves

text: African

text: slaves

text: were

text: also

text: imported

text: into

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: other

text: northern

text: ports

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: and

text: later

text: English

text: Some

text: African

text: slaves

text: were

text: freed

text: by

text: their

text: masters

text: during

text: these

text: early

text: years

question: What jobs did the earliest Europeans who mingled with natives hold?

answer: explorers and soldiers

text: explorers and soldiers

question: Who started marrying or having unions with native women after settlment increased?

answer: traders and fur trappers

text: traders and fur trappers

question: Why did Chesapeake Bay colonists begin to buy slaves?

answer: a continuing, critical labor shortage

text: a continuing, critical labor shortage

question: Who first imported slaves to New York?

answer: the Dutch

text: the Dutch

question: Who freed some of the early slaves?

answer: their masters

text: their masters


text: Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to be involved in emotional memory. Damage to certain areas in patients and animal models and subsequent memory deficits is a primary source of information. However, rather than implicating a specific area, it could be that damage to adjacent areas, or to a pathway traveling through the area is actually responsible for the observed deficit. Further, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions. Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses, thought to be mediated by long-term potentiation and long-term depression.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Brain

text: areas

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: neuroanatomy

text: of

text: memory

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: the

text: amygdala

text: the

text: striatum

text: or

text: the

text: mammillary

text: bodies

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: specific

text: types

text: of

text: memory

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: spatial

text: learning

text: and

text: declarative

text: learning

text: while

text: the

text: amygdala

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: emotional

text: memory

text: Damage

text: to

text: certain

text: areas

text: in

text: patients

text: and

text: animal

text: models

text: and

text: subsequent

text: memory

text: deficits

text: is

text: a

text: primary

text: source

text: of

text: information

text: However

text: rather

text: than

text: implicating

text: a

text: specific

text: area

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: that

text: damage

text: to

text: adjacent

text: areas

text: or

text: to

text: a

text: pathway

text: traveling

text: through

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: actually

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: observed

text: deficit

text: Further

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: sufficient

text: to

text: describe

text: memory

text: and

text: its

text: counterpart

text: learning

text: as

text: solely

text: dependent

text: on

text: specific

text: brain

text: regions

text: Learning

text: and

text: memory

text: are

text: attributed

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: neuronal

text: synapses

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: mediated

text: by

text: long

text: term

text: potentiation

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: depression

question: What role does the amygdala play in memory?

answer: thought to be involved in emotional memory

text: thought to be involved in emotional memory

question: Can you pin point certain areas of the brain to certain memories.

answer: it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions

text: it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions

question: What changes can be linked to learning and memory?

answer: neuronal synapses,

text: neuronal synapses,

question: What is the hippocampus's relationship to memory?

answer: believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning

text: believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning


text: The city's Greektown and three downtown casino resort hotels serve as part of an entertainment hub. The Eastern Market farmer's distribution center is the largest open-air flowerbed market in the United States and has more than 150 foods and specialty businesses. On Saturdays, about 45,000 people shop the city's historic Eastern Market. The Midtown and the New Center area are centered on Wayne State University and Henry Ford Hospital. Midtown has about 50,000 residents and attracts millions of visitors each year to its museums and cultural centers; for example, the Detroit Festival of the Arts in Midtown draws about 350,000 people.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: Greektown

text: and

text: three

text: downtown

text: casino

text: resort

text: hotels

text: serve

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: entertainment

text: hub

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Market

text: farmer

text: 's

text: distribution

text: center

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: open

text: air

text: flowerbed

text: market

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: foods

text: and

text: specialty

text: businesses

text: On

text: Saturdays

text: about

text: people

text: shop

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: historic

text: Eastern

text: Market

text: The

text: Midtown

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Center

text: area

text: are

text: centered

text: on

text: Wayne

text: State

text: University

text: and

text: Henry

text: Ford

text: Hospital

text: Midtown

text: has

text: about

text: residents

text: and

text: attracts

text: millions

text: of

text: visitors

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: its

text: museums

text: and

text: cultural

text: centers

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Festival

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: in

text: Midtown

text: draws

text: about

text: people

question: Which market has the largest open air flowerbed in the US?

answer: Eastern Market

text: Eastern Market

question: How big is Midtown's population?

answer: 50,000

question: Which festival attracts over a quarter million visitors?

answer: Detroit Festival of the Arts

text: Detroit Festival of the Arts

question: How many casino resorts ore in downtown?

answer: three

text: three

question: On which day does Eastern Market attract the most visitors?

answer: Saturdays

text: Saturdays


text: Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the body and its abilities of perception. Thus, the philosopher's connection between the soul and body is explained almost entirely by his understanding of perception; in this way, bodily perception interrelates with the immaterial human intellect. In sense perception, the perceiver senses the form of the object; first, by perceiving features of the object by our external senses. This sensory information is supplied to the internal senses, which merge all the pieces into a whole, unified conscious experience. This process of perception and abstraction is the nexus of the soul and body, for the material body may only perceive material objects, while the immaterial soul may only receive the immaterial, universal forms. The way the soul and body interact in the final abstraction of the universal from the concrete particular is the key to their relationship and interaction, which takes place in the physical body.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: psychology

text: requires

text: that

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: soul

text: be

text: strong

text: enough

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: soul

text: 's

text: individuation

text: but

text: weak

text: enough

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: its

text: immortality

text: Avicenna

text: grounds

text: his

text: psychology

text: on

text: physiology

text: which

text: means

text: his

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: soul

text: is

text: one

text: that

text: deals

text: almost

text: entirely

text: with

text: the

text: natural

text: science

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: its

text: abilities

text: of

text: perception

text: Thus

text: the

text: philosopher

text: 's

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: soul

text: and

text: body

text: is

text: explained

text: almost

text: entirely

text: by

text: his

text: understanding

text: of

text: perception

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: bodily

text: perception

text: interrelates

text: with

text: the

text: immaterial

text: human

text: intellect

text: In

text: sense

text: perception

text: the

text: perceiver

text: senses

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: first

text: by

text: perceiving

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: by

text: our

text: external

text: senses

text: This

text: sensory

text: information

text: is

text: supplied

text: to

text: the

text: internal

text: senses

text: which

text: merge

text: all

text: the

text: pieces

text: into

text: a

text: whole

text: unified

text: conscious

text: experience

text: This

text: process

text: of

text: perception

text: and

text: abstraction

text: is

text: the

text: nexus

text: of

text: the

text: soul

text: and

text: body

text: for

text: the

text: material

text: body

text: may

text: only

text: perceive

text: material

text: objects

text: while

text: the

text: immaterial

text: soul

text: may

text: only

text: receive

text: the

text: immaterial

text: universal

text: forms

text: The

text: way

text: the

text: soul

text: and

text: body

text: interact

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: abstraction

text: of

text: the

text: universal

text: from

text: the

text: concrete

text: particular

text: is

text: the

text: key

text: to

text: their

text: relationship

text: and

text: interaction

text: which

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: physical

text: body

question: What does Avicenna ground his psychology on?

answer: physiology

text: physiology

question: According to Avicenna, the body and soul must be what in order to ensure the soul's individuation?

answer: strong enough

text: strong enough

question: How does Avicenna  explain the connection between body and soul?

answer: his understanding of perception

text: his understanding of perception

question: How does man first perceive features of an object?

answer: external senses

text: external senses

question: The body and soul's interaction takes place where?

answer: the physical body

text: the physical body


text: The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form. Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: The

text: islands

text: have

text: been

text: shaped

text: by

text: numerous

text: glaciations

text: during

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: being

text: the

text: Devensian.[citation

text: needed

text: As

text: this

text: ended

text: the

text: central

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: was

text: deglaciated

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: flooded

text: with

text: sea

text: levels

text: rising

text: to

text: current

text: levels

text: some

text: to

text: years

text: ago

text: leaving

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: in

text: their

text: current

text: form

text: Whether

text: or

text: not

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: is

text: somewhat

text: disputed

text: though

text: there

text: was

text: certainly

text: a

text: single

text: ice

text: sheet

text: covering

text: the

text: entire

text: sea

question: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?

answer: Devensian

text: Devensian

question: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended?

answer: the English Channel flooded

text: the English Channel flooded

question: When did sea levels reach their current highth?

answer: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

text: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

question: What covered the sea between Ireland and Great Britian during the last glacier?

answer: a single ice sheet

text: a single ice sheet


text: Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Accordingly

text: leaving

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Count

text: Kurt

text: von

text: Schwerin

text: in

text: Silesia

text: with

text: soldiers

text: to

text: guard

text: against

text: incursions

text: from

text: Moravia

text: or

text: Hungary

text: and

text: leaving

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Hans

text: von

text: Lehwaldt

text: in

text: East

text: Prussia

text: to

text: guard

text: against

text: Russian

text: invasion

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: Frederick

text: set

text: off

text: with

text: his

text: army

text: for

text: Saxony

text: The

text: Prussian

text: army

text: marched

text: in

text: three

text: columns

text: On

text: the

text: right

text: was

text: a

text: column

text: of

text: about

text: men

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Prince

text: Ferdinand

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: On

text: the

text: left

text: was

text: a

text: column

text: of

text: men

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Bevern

text: In

text: the

text: centre

text: was

text: Frederick

text: II

text: himself

text: with

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: James

text: Keith

text: commanding

text: a

text: corps

text: of

text: troops

text: Ferdinand

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: was

text: to

text: close

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Chemnitz

text: The

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Bevern

text: was

text: to

text: traverse

text: Lusatia

text: to

text: close

text: in

text: on

text: Bautzen

text: Meanwhile

text: Frederick

text: and

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Keith

text: would

text: make

text: for

text: Dresden

question: How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?

answer: leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary

text: leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary

question: How did Frederick protect East Prussia when he went to invade Saxony?

answer: leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east

text: leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east

question: Describe the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.

answer: a column of about 15,000 men

text: a column of about 15,000 men

question: Describe the command of the Duke ofBrunswich-Bevern.

answer: a column of 18,000 men

text: a column of 18,000 men

question: Describe the command of Field Marshall James Keith

answer: a corps of 30,000 troops.

text: a corps of 30,000 troops.


text: The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: UK

text: government

text: has

text: spent

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: airport

text: Expected

text: to

text: be

text: fully

text: operational

text: early

text: it

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: island

text: towards

text: self

text: sufficiency

text: and

text: encourage

text: economic

text: development

text: reducing

text: dependence

text: on

text: British

text: government

text: aid

text: The

text: airport

text: is

text: also

text: expected

text: to

text: kick

text: start

text: the

text: tourism

text: industry

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: visitors

text: expected

text: annually

text: As

text: of

text: August

text: ticketing

text: was

text: postponed

text: until

text: an

text: airline

text: could

text: be

text: firmly

text: designated

question: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?

answer: 250 million

text: 250 million

question: Which government built the island's airport?

answer: UK government

text: UK government

question: When was the airport expected to be fully functional?

answer: early 2016

text: early 2016

question: Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?

answer: tourism

text: tourism

question: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?

answer: up to 30,000

text: up to 30,000


text: Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. His selection was unexpected, and Roncalli himself had come to Rome with a return train ticket to Venice. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated question of official numbering attached to this papal name due to the antipope of this name. Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962–65), the first session opening on 11 October 1962. His passionate views on equality were summed up in his famous statement, "We were all made in God's image, and thus, we are all Godly alike." John XXIII made many passionate speeches during his pontificate, one of which was on the day that he opened the Second Vatican Council in the middle of the night to the crowd gathered in St. Peter's Square: "Dear children, returning home, you will find children: give your children a hug and say: This is a hug from the Pope!"

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Roncalli

text: was

text: elected

text: pope

text: on

text: October

text: at

text: age

text: after

text: ballots

text: His

text: selection

text: was

text: unexpected

text: and

text: Roncalli

text: himself

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: Rome

text: with

text: a

text: return

text: train

text: ticket

text: to

text: Venice

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: pope

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: pontifical

text: name

text: of

text: John

text: upon

text: election

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: and

text: his

text: choice

text: settled

text: the

text: complicated

text: question

text: of

text: official

text: numbering

text: attached

text: to

text: this

text: papal

text: name

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: antipope

text: of

text: this

text: name

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: surprised

text: those

text: who

text: expected

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: caretaker

text: pope

text: by

text: calling

text: the

text: historic

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: the

text: first

text: session

text: opening

text: on

text: October

text: His

text: passionate

text: views

text: on

text: equality

text: were

text: summed

text: up

text: in

text: his

text: famous

text: statement

text: We

text: were

text: all

text: made

text: in

text: God

text: 's

text: image

text: and

text: thus

text: we

text: are

text: all

text: Godly

text: alike

text: John

text: XXIII

text: made

text: many

text: passionate

text: speeches

text: during

text: his

text: pontificate

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: that

text: he

text: opened

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: night

text: to

text: the

text: crowd

text: gathered

text: in

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Square

text: Dear

text: children

text: returning

text: home

text: you

text: will

text: find

text: children

text: give

text: your

text: children

text: a

text: hug

text: and

text: say

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: hug

text: from

text: the

text: Pope

question: How old was Roncalli when elected pope?

answer: 76

question: When was Roncalli elected pope?

answer: 28 October 1958

text: 28 October 1958

question: He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in how long?

answer: 500 years

text: 500 years

question: Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling what?

answer: Second Vatican Council

text: Second Vatican Council

question: When did he call the Second Vatican Council?

answer: 11 October 1962

text: 11 October 1962


text: Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG. Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, originally intending John Madden to direct. The film was written by E.T. screenwriter Melissa Mathison and is co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures, marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. The BFG is set to premiere out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2016, before its wide release in the US on July 1, 2016.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: has

text: filmed

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: post

text: production

text: on

text: an

text: adaptation

text: of

text: Roald

text: Dahl

text: 's

text: celebrated

text: children

text: 's

text: story

text: The

text: BFG

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: DreamWorks

text: bought

text: the

text: rights

text: in

text: originally

text: intending

text: John

text: Madden

text: to

text: direct

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: E.T.

text: screenwriter

text: Melissa

text: Mathison

text: and

text: is

text: co

text: produced

text: by

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Pictures

text: marking

text: the

text: first

text: Disney

text: branded

text: film

text: to

text: be

text: directed

text: by

text: Spielberg

text: The

text: BFG

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: premiere

text: out

text: of

text: competition

text: at

text: the

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

text: in

text: May

text: before

text: its

text: wide

text: release

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: on

text: July

question: Who wrote 'The BFG'?

answer: Roald Dahl

text: Roald Dahl

question: Who wrote E.T.'s script?

answer: Melissa Mathison

text: Melissa Mathison

question: What film festival will first air 'The BFG'?

answer: Cannes Film Festival

text: Cannes Film Festival

question: In what month is Cannes held?

answer: May

text: May

question: When will 'The BFG' be in most theaters?

answer: July 1, 2016

text: July 1, 2016


text: Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying:

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Shuman

text: built

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: first

text: solar

text: thermal

text: power

text: station

text: in

text: Maadi

text: Egypt

text: between

text: and

text: Shuman

text: ’s

text: plant

text: used

text: parabolic

text: troughs

text: to

text: power

text: a

text: kilowatts

text: hp

text: engine

text: that

text: pumped

text: more

text: than

text: litres

text: imp

text: gal

text: US

text: gal

text: of

text: water

text: per

text: minute

text: from

text: the

text: Nile

text: River

text: to

text: adjacent

text: cotton

text: fields

text: Although

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: cheap

text: oil

text: in

text: the

text: discouraged

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: Shuman

text: ’s

text: vision

text: and

text: basic

text: design

text: were

text: resurrected

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: wave

text: of

text: interest

text: in

text: solar

text: thermal

text: energy

text: In

text: Shuman

text: was

text: quoted

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: advocating

text: solar

text: energy

text: 's

text: utilization

text: saying

question: Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station?

answer: Maadi, Egypt

text: Maadi, Egypt

question: How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres?

answer: 22,000

question: In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s

question: Where was the first solar thermal power plant built?

answer: Maadi, Egypt

text: Maadi, Egypt

question: What was used to power the plants engine?

answer: parabolic troughs

text: parabolic troughs

question: From what river did the engine pump water?

answer: Nile River

text: Nile River

question: What slowed down the growth of solar energy?

answer: the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil

text: the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil

question: When was the interest in solar energy restored?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s


text: In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, Christopher Gray of The New York Times described it as "a writhing composition in white Tyrolean marble depicting Lorelei, the mythical German figure, surrounded by mermaids, dolphins and seashells."

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: In

text: the

text: memorial

text: by

text: the

text: Berlin

text: sculptor

text: Ernst

text: Gustav

text: Herter

text: finally

text: came

text: to

text: rest

text: although

text: subject

text: to

text: repeated

text: vandalism

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: at

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: Concourse

text: or

text: Joyce

text: Kilmer

text: Park

text: near

text: today

text: 's

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: Concourse

text: In

text: Christopher

text: Gray

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: described

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: writhing

text: composition

text: in

text: white

text: Tyrolean

text: marble

text: depicting

text: Lorelei

text: the

text: mythical

text: German

text: figure

text: surrounded

text: by

text: mermaids

text: dolphins

text: and

text: seashells

question: When did Herter die?

answer: 1917

question: When was Herter born?

answer: 1846

question: What was Herter's career?

answer: sculptor

text: sculptor

question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial placed in 1899?

answer: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park

text: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park

question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?

answer: 161st Street and the Concourse

text: 161st Street and the Concourse


text: Bradley was the apparent target of G. E. Moore's radical rejection of idealism. Moore claimed that Bradley did not understand the statement that something is real. We know for certain, through common sense and prephilosophical beliefs, that some things are real, whether they are objects of thought or not, according to Moore. The 1903 article The Refutation of Idealism is one of the first demonstrations of Moore's commitment to analysis. He examines each of the three terms in the Berkeleian aphorism esse est percipi, "to be is to be perceived", finding that it must mean that the object and the subject are necessarily connected so that "yellow" and "the sensation of yellow" are identical - "to be yellow" is "to be experienced as yellow". But it also seems there is a difference between "yellow" and "the sensation of yellow" and "that esse is held to be percipi, solely because what is experienced is held to be identical with the experience of it". Though far from a complete refutation, this was the first strong statement by analytic philosophy against its idealist predecessors, or at any rate against the type of idealism represented by Berkeley. This argument did not show that the GEM (in post–Stove vernacular, see below) is logically invalid.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Bradley

text: was

text: the

text: apparent

text: target

text: of

text: G.

text: E.

text: Moore

text: 's

text: radical

text: rejection

text: of

text: idealism

text: Moore

text: claimed

text: that

text: Bradley

text: did

text: not

text: understand

text: the

text: statement

text: that

text: something

text: is

text: real

text: We

text: know

text: for

text: certain

text: through

text: common

text: sense

text: and

text: prephilosophical

text: beliefs

text: that

text: some

text: things

text: are

text: real

text: whether

text: they

text: are

text: objects

text: of

text: thought

text: or

text: not

text: according

text: to

text: Moore

text: The

text: article

text: The

text: Refutation

text: of

text: Idealism

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: demonstrations

text: of

text: Moore

text: 's

text: commitment

text: to

text: analysis

text: He

text: examines

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: terms

text: in

text: the

text: Berkeleian

text: aphorism

text: esse

text: est

text: percipi

text: to

text: be

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: perceived

text: finding

text: that

text: it

text: must

text: mean

text: that

text: the

text: object

text: and

text: the

text: subject

text: are

text: necessarily

text: connected

text: so

text: that

text: yellow

text: and

text: the

text: sensation

text: of

text: yellow

text: are

text: identical

text: to

text: be

text: yellow

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: experienced

text: as

text: yellow

text: But

text: it

text: also

text: seems

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: difference

text: between

text: yellow

text: and

text: the

text: sensation

text: of

text: yellow

text: and

text: that

text: esse

text: is

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: percipi

text: solely

text: because

text: what

text: is

text: experienced

text: is

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: identical

text: with

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: it

text: Though

text: far

text: from

text: a

text: complete

text: refutation

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: strong

text: statement

text: by

text: analytic

text: philosophy

text: against

text: its

text: idealist

text: predecessors

text: or

text: at

text: any

text: rate

text: against

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: idealism

text: represented

text: by

text: Berkeley

text: This

text: argument

text: did

text: not

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: GEM

text: in

text: post

text: Stove

text: vernacular

text: see

text: below

text: is

text: logically

text: invalid

question: Who wrote The Refutation of Idealism?

answer: Moore

text: Moore

question: In his rejection of idealism, whose thought did Moore attack?

answer: Bradley

text: Bradley

question: Who originated the saying 'esse est percipi'?

answer: Berkeley

text: Berkeley


text: Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferencing, such as teachers and psychologists conducting online sessions, personal videocalls to inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries, and videoconferencing to resolve airline engineering issues at maintenance facilities, are being created or evolving on an ongoing basis.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: Typical

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: technologies

text: described

text: above

text: include

text: calling

text: or

text: conferencing

text: on

text: a

text: one

text: on

text: one

text: one

text: to

text: many

text: or

text: many

text: to

text: many

text: basis

text: for

text: personal

text: business

text: educational

text: deaf

text: Video

text: Relay

text: Service

text: and

text: tele

text: medical

text: diagnostic

text: and

text: rehabilitative

text: use

text: or

text: services

text: New

text: services

text: utilizing

text: videocalling

text: and

text: videoconferencing

text: such

text: as

text: teachers

text: and

text: psychologists

text: conducting

text: online

text: sessions

text: personal

text: videocalls

text: to

text: inmates

text: incarcerated

text: in

text: penitentiaries

text: and

text: videoconferencing

text: to

text: resolve

text: airline

text: engineering

text: issues

text: at

text: maintenance

text: facilities

text: are

text: being

text: created

text: or

text: evolving

text: on

text: an

text: ongoing

text: basis

question: What is a common use of conferencing technology?

answer: deaf Video Relay Service

text: deaf Video Relay Service

question: What profession utilizes videoconferencing technology to conduct online sessions?

answer: teachers

text: teachers

question: What is one way that videocalling can be used?

answer: personal videocalls to inmates

text: personal videocalls to inmates

question: What is a common use of conferencing technology?

answer: tele-medical

text: tele-medical


text: Following a tentative agreement on by December 1, on December 3, 2009, the parties announced that Comcast would buy a controlling 51% stake in NBCUniversal for $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming. GE would take over the remaining 49% stake in NBCUniversal, using $5.8 billion to buy out Vivendi's 20% minority stake in NBCUniversal. On January 18, 2011, the FCC approved the deal by a vote of 4 to 1. The sale was completed on January 28, 2011. In late December 2012, Comcast added the NBC peacock symbol to their new logo. On February 12, 2013, Comcast announced an intention to acquire the remaining 49% of General Electric's interest in NBCUniversal, which Comcast completed on March 19, 2013.

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: Following

text: a

text: tentative

text: agreement

text: on

text: by

text: December

text: on

text: December

text: the

text: parties

text: announced

text: that

text: Comcast

text: would

text: buy

text: a

text: controlling

text: stake

text: in

text: NBCUniversal

text: for

text: billion

text: in

text: cash

text: and

text: billion

text: in

text: programming

text: GE

text: would

text: take

text: over

text: the

text: remaining

text: stake

text: in

text: NBCUniversal

text: using

text: billion

text: to

text: buy

text: out

text: Vivendi

text: 's

text: minority

text: stake

text: in

text: NBCUniversal

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: FCC

text: approved

text: the

text: deal

text: by

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: to

text: The

text: sale

text: was

text: completed

text: on

text: January

text: In

text: late

text: December

text: Comcast

text: added

text: the

text: NBC

text: peacock

text: symbol

text: to

text: their

text: new

text: logo

text: On

text: February

text: Comcast

text: announced

text: an

text: intention

text: to

text: acquire

text: the

text: remaining

text: of

text: General

text: Electric

text: 's

text: interest

text: in

text: NBCUniversal

text: which

text: Comcast

text: completed

text: on

text: March

question: On what date was Comcast's purchase of controlling interest in NBCUniversal reported?

answer: December 3, 2009

text: December 3, 2009

question: What did Comcast pay for their stake in NBC?

answer: $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming

text: $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming

question: How did the FCC vote approval of the Comcast-NBC deal?

answer: 4 to 1

text: 4 to 1

question: On what date was the sale finally completed?

answer: January 28, 2011

text: January 28, 2011

question: On what date did Comcast buy out the remaining stake of General Electric in NBC?

answer: March 19, 2013

text: March 19, 2013


text: Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool to cellar temperature (typically between 11–13 °C or 52–55 °F), before being tapped and vented—a tap is driven through a (usually rubber) bung at the bottom of one end, and a hard spile or other implement is used to open a hole in the side of the cask, which is now uppermost. The act of stillaging and then venting a beer in this manner typically disturbs all the sediment, so it must be left for a suitable period to "drop" (clear) again, as well as to fully condition—this period can take anywhere from several hours to several days. At this point the beer is ready to sell, either being pulled through a beer line with a hand pump, or simply being "gravity-fed" directly into the glass.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Cask

text: conditioned

text: ales

text: or

text: cask

text: ales

text: are

text: unfiltered

text: and

text: unpasteurised

text: beers

text: These

text: beers

text: are

text: termed

text: real

text: ale

text: by

text: the

text: CAMRA

text: organisation

text: Typically

text: when

text: a

text: cask

text: arrives

text: in

text: a

text: pub

text: it

text: is

text: placed

text: horizontally

text: on

text: a

text: frame

text: called

text: a

text: stillage

text: which

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: hold

text: it

text: steady

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: right

text: angle

text: and

text: then

text: allowed

text: to

text: cool

text: to

text: cellar

text: temperature

text: typically

text: between

text: C

text: or

text: F

text: before

text: being

text: tapped

text: and

text: vented

text: a

text: tap

text: is

text: driven

text: through

text: a

text: usually

text: rubber

text: bung

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: one

text: end

text: and

text: a

text: hard

text: spile

text: or

text: other

text: implement

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: open

text: a

text: hole

text: in

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: cask

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: uppermost

text: The

text: act

text: of

text: stillaging

text: and

text: then

text: venting

text: a

text: beer

text: in

text: this

text: manner

text: typically

text: disturbs

text: all

text: the

text: sediment

text: so

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: left

text: for

text: a

text: suitable

text: period

text: to

text: drop

text: clear

text: again

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: fully

text: condition

text: this

text: period

text: can

text: take

text: anywhere

text: from

text: several

text: hours

text: to

text: several

text: days

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: the

text: beer

text: is

text: ready

text: to

text: sell

text: either

text: being

text: pulled

text: through

text: a

text: beer

text: line

text: with

text: a

text: hand

text: pump

text: or

text: simply

text: being

text: gravity

text: fed

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: glass

question: What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?

answer: stillage

text: stillage

question: What temperature are cask ales stored at before being tapped?

answer: 52–55 °F

text: 52–55 °F

question: What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?

answer: Cask-conditioned ales

text: Cask-conditioned ales

question: How long does it take for sediment to settle and clear after a cask ale has been tapped?

answer: from several hours to several days

text: from several hours to several days

question: What tool is used to pull beer from a cask to serve?

answer: a hand pump

text: a hand pump


text: New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history. The city has been home to a number of architects and architectural firms that have left their mark on the city including Ithiel Town and Henry Austin in the 19th century and Cesar Pelli, Warren Platner, Kevin Roche, Herbert Newman and Barry Svigals in the 20th. The Yale School of Architecture has fostered this important component of the city's economy. Cass Gilbert, of the Beaux-Arts school, designed New Haven's Union Station and the New Haven Free Public Library and was also commissioned for a City Beautiful plan in 1919. Frank Lloyd Wright, Marcel Breuer, Alexander Jackson Davis, Philip C. Johnson, Gordon Bunshaft, Louis Kahn, James Gamble Rogers, Frank Gehry, Charles Willard Moore, Stefan Behnisch, James Polshek, Paul Rudolph, Eero Saarinen and Robert Venturi all have designed buildings in New Haven. Yale's 1950s-era Ingalls Rink, designed by Eero Saarinen, was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list created in 2007.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: has

text: many

text: architectural

text: landmarks

text: dating

text: from

text: every

text: important

text: time

text: period

text: and

text: architectural

text: style

text: in

text: American

text: history

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: architects

text: and

text: architectural

text: firms

text: that

text: have

text: left

text: their

text: mark

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: Ithiel

text: Town

text: and

text: Henry

text: Austin

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: Cesar

text: Pelli

text: Warren

text: Platner

text: Kevin

text: Roche

text: Herbert

text: Newman

text: and

text: Barry

text: Svigals

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: has

text: fostered

text: this

text: important

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: economy

text: Cass

text: Gilbert

text: of

text: the

text: Beaux

text: Arts

text: school

text: designed

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: Union

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: Free

text: Public

text: Library

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: commissioned

text: for

text: a

text: City

text: Beautiful

text: plan

text: in

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: Marcel

text: Breuer

text: Alexander

text: Jackson

text: Davis

text: Philip

text: C.

text: Johnson

text: Gordon

text: Bunshaft

text: Louis

text: Kahn

text: James

text: Gamble

text: Rogers

text: Frank

text: Gehry

text: Charles

text: Willard

text: Moore

text: Stefan

text: Behnisch

text: James

text: Polshek

text: Paul

text: Rudolph

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: and

text: Robert

text: Venturi

text: all

text: have

text: designed

text: buildings

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: Yale

text: 's

text: era

text: Ingalls

text: Rink

text: designed

text: by

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: was

text: included

text: on

text: the

text: America

text: 's

text: Favorite

text: Architecture

text: list

text: created

text: in

question: New Haven served as home to what two notable 19th century architects?

answer: Ithiel Town and Henry Austin

text: Ithiel Town and Henry Austin

question: What division of Yale University is credited with nurturing the architectural component of New Havens economy?

answer: The Yale School of Architecture

text: The Yale School of Architecture

question: Who is the notable artist of the Beaux-Arts school responsible for designing both New Haven's Union Station and New Haven Public Library?

answer: Cass Gilbert

text: Cass Gilbert

question: In what year did New Haven commission the City Beautiful plan?

answer: 1919

question: Who is responsible for designing Ingalls Rink at Yale University in New Haven?

answer: Eero Saarinen

text: Eero Saarinen

question: New Haven is also known for a very notable architecture institution, it's name?

answer: Yale School of Architecture

text: Yale School of Architecture

question: Who was the architect that design the New Haven Free Public Library?

answer: Cass Gilbert

text: Cass Gilbert

question: What was the name of the building that was feature in America's Favorite Architecture list of 2007?

answer: Ingalls Rink

text: Ingalls Rink