text: The psychoacoustic masking codec was first proposed in 1979, apparently independently, by Manfred R. Schroeder, et al. from Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. in Murray Hill, NJ, and M. A. Krasner both in the United States. Krasner was the first to publish and to produce hardware for speech (not usable as music bit compression), but the publication of his results as a relatively obscure Lincoln Laboratory Technical Report did not immediately influence the mainstream of psychoacoustic codec development. Manfred Schroeder was already a well-known and revered figure in the worldwide community of acoustical and electrical engineers, but his paper was not much noticed, since it described negative results due to the particular nature of speech and the linear predictive coding (LPC) gain present in speech. Both Krasner and Schroeder built upon the work performed by Eberhard F. Zwicker in the areas of tuning and masking of critical bands, that in turn built on the fundamental research in the area from Bell Labs of Harvey Fletcher and his collaborators. A wide variety of (mostly perceptual) audio compression algorithms were reported in IEEE's refereed Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. That journal reported in February 1988 on a wide range of established, working audio bit compression technologies, some of them using auditory masking as part of their fundamental design, and several showing real-time hardware implementations.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: The

text: psychoacoustic

text: masking

text: codec

text: was

text: first

text: proposed

text: in

text: apparently

text: independently

text: by

text: Manfred

text: R.

text: Schroeder

text: et

text: al

text: from

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Laboratories

text: Inc.

text: in

text: Murray

text: Hill

text: NJ

text: and

text: M.

text: A.

text: Krasner

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Krasner

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: publish

text: and

text: to

text: produce

text: hardware

text: for

text: speech

text: not

text: usable

text: as

text: music

text: bit

text: compression

text: but

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: his

text: results

text: as

text: a

text: relatively

text: obscure

text: Lincoln

text: Laboratory

text: Technical

text: Report

text: did

text: not

text: immediately

text: influence

text: the

text: mainstream

text: of

text: psychoacoustic

text: codec

text: development

text: Manfred

text: Schroeder

text: was

text: already

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: and

text: revered

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: worldwide

text: community

text: of

text: acoustical

text: and

text: electrical

text: engineers

text: but

text: his

text: paper

text: was

text: not

text: much

text: noticed

text: since

text: it

text: described

text: negative

text: results

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: particular

text: nature

text: of

text: speech

text: and

text: the

text: linear

text: predictive

text: coding

text: LPC

text: gain

text: present

text: in

text: speech

text: Both

text: Krasner

text: and

text: Schroeder

text: built

text: upon

text: the

text: work

text: performed

text: by

text: Eberhard

text: F.

text: Zwicker

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: tuning

text: and

text: masking

text: of

text: critical

text: bands

text: that

text: in

text: turn

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: fundamental

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: from

text: Bell

text: Labs

text: of

text: Harvey

text: Fletcher

text: and

text: his

text: collaborators

text: A

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: mostly

text: perceptual

text: audio

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: were

text: reported

text: in

text: IEEE

text: 's

text: refereed

text: Journal

text: on

text: Selected

text: Areas

text: in

text: Communications

text: That

text: journal

text: reported

text: in

text: February

text: on

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: established

text: working

text: audio

text: bit

text: compression

text: technologies

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: using

text: auditory

text: masking

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: fundamental

text: design

text: and

text: several

text: showing

text: real

text: time

text: hardware

text: implementations

question: What was first proposed in 1979?

answer: The psychoacoustic masking codec

text: The psychoacoustic masking codec

question: Which country were the researchers located in?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Who was the first to produce hardware for speech?

answer: Krasner

text: Krasner

question: What does LPC stand for?

answer: linear predictive coding

text: linear predictive coding

question: What was reported in IEEE's Journal on Selected Areas in Communications?

answer: audio compression algorithms

text: audio compression algorithms


text: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking. Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual. Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits, which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages. However, linguistic change led to an eventual loss of mutual intelligibility.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: Sanskrit

text: linguist

text: Madhav

text: Deshpande

text: says

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: term

text: Sanskrit

text: arose

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: a

text: specific

text: language

text: set

text: apart

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: but

text: rather

text: as

text: a

text: particularly

text: refined

text: or

text: perfected

text: manner

text: of

text: speaking

text: Knowledge

text: of

text: Sanskrit

text: was

text: a

text: marker

text: of

text: social

text: class

text: and

text: educational

text: attainment

text: in

text: ancient

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: language

text: was

text: taught

text: mainly

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: castes

text: through

text: the

text: close

text: analysis

text: of

text: Vyākaraṇins

text: such

text: as

text: Pāṇini

text: and

text: Patanjali

text: who

text: exhorted

text: proper

text: Sanskrit

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: especially

text: during

text: ritual

text: Sanskrit

text: as

text: the

text: learned

text: language

text: of

text: Ancient

text: India

text: thus

text: existed

text: alongside

text: the

text: vernacular

text: Prakrits

text: which

text: were

text: Middle

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: However

text: linguistic

text: change

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: eventual

text: loss

text: of

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

question: In Ancient India, which vernacular languages existed alongside Sanskrit?

answer: Prakrits

text: Prakrits

question: The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India?

answer: Pāṇini and Patanjali

text: Pāṇini and Patanjali

question: The use of Sanskrit was considered to be a marker of what in Ancient India?

answer: social class and educational attainment

text: social class and educational attainment

question: What type of language were Prakrits?

answer: Middle Indo-Aryan

text: Middle Indo-Aryan

question: Which Sanskrit linguist describes Sanskrit as a "particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking?"

answer: Madhav Deshpande

text: Madhav Deshpande

question: What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as?

answer: perfected manner

text: perfected manner

question: Of what was Sanskrit once thought to be a divider?

answer: social class

text: social class

question: How was Sanskrit originally used?

answer: ritual

text: ritual

question: Where was Sanskrit a learned language of the high classes?

answer: Ancient India

text: Ancient India

question: With what did Sanskrit exist beside?

answer: vernacular Prakrits

text: vernacular Prakrits


text: After the Romans left, Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples. By AD 600 they had established control over much of what is now England, but Somerset was still in native British hands. The British held back Saxon advance into the south-west for some time longer, but by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset. The Saxon royal palace in Cheddar was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot. After the Norman Conquest, the county was divided into 700 fiefs, and large areas were owned by the crown, with fortifications such as Dunster Castle used for control and defence. Somerset contains HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was England's oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610. In the English Civil War Somerset was largely Parliamentarian, with key engagements being the Sieges of Taunton and the Battle of Langport. In 1685 the Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset. The rebels landed at Lyme Regis and travelled north, hoping to capture Bristol and Bath, but they were defeated in the Battle of Sedgemoor at Westonzoyland, the last pitched battle fought in England. Arthur Wellesley took his title, Duke of Wellington from the town of Wellington; he is commemorated on a nearby hill by a large, spotlit obelisk, known as the Wellington Monument.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: After

text: the

text: Romans

text: left

text: Britain

text: was

text: invaded

text: by

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: peoples

text: By

text: AD

text: they

text: had

text: established

text: control

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: England

text: but

text: Somerset

text: was

text: still

text: in

text: native

text: British

text: hands

text: The

text: British

text: held

text: back

text: Saxon

text: advance

text: into

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: longer

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: eighth

text: century

text: King

text: Ine

text: of

text: Wessex

text: had

text: pushed

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Saxon

text: kingdom

text: far

text: enough

text: west

text: to

text: include

text: Somerset

text: The

text: Saxon

text: royal

text: palace

text: in

text: Cheddar

text: was

text: used

text: several

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: Witenagemot

text: After

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: the

text: county

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: fiefs

text: and

text: large

text: areas

text: were

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: crown

text: with

text: fortifications

text: such

text: as

text: Dunster

text: Castle

text: used

text: for

text: control

text: and

text: defence

text: Somerset

text: contains

text: HM

text: Prison

text: Shepton

text: Mallet

text: which

text: was

text: England

text: 's

text: oldest

text: prison

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: prior

text: to

text: its

text: closure

text: in

text: having

text: opened

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Somerset

text: was

text: largely

text: Parliamentarian

text: with

text: key

text: engagements

text: being

text: the

text: Sieges

text: of

text: Taunton

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Langport

text: In

text: the

text: Monmouth

text: Rebellion

text: was

text: played

text: out

text: in

text: Somerset

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: Dorset

text: The

text: rebels

text: landed

text: at

text: Lyme

text: Regis

text: and

text: travelled

text: north

text: hoping

text: to

text: capture

text: Bristol

text: and

text: Bath

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sedgemoor

text: at

text: Westonzoyland

text: the

text: last

text: pitched

text: battle

text: fought

text: in

text: England

text: Arthur

text: Wellesley

text: took

text: his

text: title

text: Duke

text: of

text: Wellington

text: from

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Wellington

text: he

text: is

text: commemorated

text: on

text: a

text: nearby

text: hill

text: by

text: a

text: large

text: spotlit

text: obelisk

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Wellington

text: Monument

question: Who invaded Britain when the Romans Left

answer: Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples

text: Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples

question: It took how long for the Anglo Saxons to control  the Somerset area

answer: by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset

text: by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset

question: What was the Saxon Royal Palace used for

answer: was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot

text: was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot

question: What prison does somerset county contain

answer: HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was England's oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610

text: HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was England's oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610

question: What rebellion took place in Somerset in 1685

answer: Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset

text: Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset


text: The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: declining

text: trend

text: however

text: continued

text: into

text: season

text: eight

text: as

text: total

text: viewers

text: numbers

text: fell

text: by

text: for

text: early

text: episodes

text: compared

text: to

text: season

text: seven

text: and

text: by

text: for

text: the

text: finale

text: In

text: season

text: nine

text: Idol

text: 's

text: six

text: year

text: extended

text: streak

text: of

text: perfection

text: in

text: the

text: ratings

text: was

text: broken

text: when

text: NBC

text: 's

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: on

text: February

text: beat

text: Idol

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: slot

text: with

text: million

text: viewers

text: over

text: Idol

text: 's

text: million

text: Nevertheless

text: American

text: Idol

text: overall

text: finished

text: its

text: ninth

text: season

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: watched

text: TV

text: series

text: for

text: the

text: sixth

text: year

text: running

text: breaking

text: the

text: previous

text: record

text: of

text: five

text: consecutive

text: seasons

text: achieved

text: by

text: CBS

text: All

text: in

text: the

text: Family

text: and

text: NBC

text: 's

text: The

text: Cosby

text: Show

question: Which television network aired the Winter Olympics in 2010?

answer: NBC

text: NBC

question: Which television network originally aired All in the Family?

answer: CBS

text: CBS

question: In what year did NBC beat American Idol in the ratings for the first time?

answer: 2010

question: What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine?

answer: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: 2010 Winter Olympics

question: How many people watched the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 as compared to the 18.4 million who tuned into Idol?

answer: 30.1 million

text: 30.1 million

question: At the end of season nine, American Idol remained on top as the most watched show for how many years in a row?

answer: six

text: six


text: The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation." The U.S. Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: Endangered

text: Species

text: Act

text: of

text: ESA

text: U.S.C.

text: et

text: seq

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: dozens

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: environmental

text: laws

text: passed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: enacting

text: legislation

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: the

text: provisions

text: outlined

text: in

text: The

text: Convention

text: on

text: International

text: Trade

text: in

text: Endangered

text: Species

text: of

text: Wild

text: Fauna

text: and

text: Flora

text: CITES

text: The

text: ESA

text: was

text: signed

text: into

text: law

text: by

text: President

text: Richard

text: Nixon

text: on

text: December

text: it

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: protect

text: critically

text: imperiled

text: species

text: from

text: extinction

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: economic

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: untempered

text: by

text: adequate

text: concern

text: and

text: conservation

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: plain

text: intent

text: of

text: Congress

text: in

text: enacting

text: the

text: ESA

text: was

text: to

text: halt

text: and

text: reverse

text: the

text: trend

text: toward

text: species

text: extinction

text: whatever

text: the

text: cost

text: The

text: Act

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: two

text: federal

text: agencies

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Fish

text: and

text: Wildlife

text: Service

text: FWS

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Oceanic

text: and

text: Atmospheric

text: Administration

text: NOAA

question: Which president signed the Act into law?

answer: Richard Nixon

text: Richard Nixon

question: On what day was the Endangered Species Act signed?

answer: December 28

text: December 28

question: What did the Supreme Court cite as the intent of Congress in enacting the Endangered Species Act?

answer: to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost

text: to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost

question: Which two federal agencies administer the Act?

answer: the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

text: the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

question: In what year did the Endangered Species Act become law?

answer: 1973


text: The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: The

text: styles

text: that

text: resulted

text: fall

text: within

text: several

text: categories

text: In

text: the

text: mainstream

text: of

text: Georgian

text: style

text: were

text: both

text: Palladian

text: architecture—

text: and

text: its

text: whimsical

text: alternatives

text: Gothic

text: and

text: Chinoiserie

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: 's

text: equivalent

text: of

text: European

text: Rococo

text: From

text: the

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: Neoclassical

text: modes

text: were

text: fashionable

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: architects

text: Robert

text: Adam

text: James

text: Gibbs

text: Sir

text: William

text: Chambers

text: James

text: Wyatt

text: George

text: Dance

text: the

text: Younger

text: Henry

text: Holland

text: and

text: Sir

text: John

text: Soane

text: John

text: Nash

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prolific

text: architects

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Georgian

text: era

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Regency

text: style

text: he

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: designing

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: London

text: Greek

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: repertory

text: beginning

text: around

text: but

text: increasing

text: in

text: popularity

text: after

text: Leading

text: exponents

text: were

text: William

text: Wilkins

text: and

text: Robert

text: Smirke

question: What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture?

answer: Gothic and Chinoiserie

text: Gothic and Chinoiserie

question: Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style?

answer: European Rococo

text: European Rococo

question: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style?

answer: The Regency style

text: The Regency style

question: Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory?

answer: around 1750

text: around 1750

question: Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style?

answer: William Wilkins and Robert Smirke

text: William Wilkins and Robert Smirke


text: During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged musical drama began to differentiate itself from earlier musical and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: During

text: the

text: Baroque

text: era

text: keyboard

text: music

text: played

text: on

text: the

text: harpsichord

text: and

text: pipe

text: organ

text: became

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: and

text: the

text: violin

text: family

text: of

text: stringed

text: instruments

text: took

text: the

text: form

text: generally

text: seen

text: today

text: Opera

text: as

text: a

text: staged

text: musical

text: drama

text: began

text: to

text: differentiate

text: itself

text: from

text: earlier

text: musical

text: and

text: dramatic

text: forms

text: and

text: vocal

text: forms

text: like

text: the

text: cantata

text: and

text: oratorio

text: became

text: more

text: common

text: Vocalists

text: began

text: adding

text: embellishments

text: to

text: melodies

text: Instrumental

text: ensembles

text: began

text: to

text: distinguish

text: and

text: standardize

text: by

text: size

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: orchestra

text: for

text: larger

text: ensembles

text: with

text: chamber

text: music

text: being

text: written

text: for

text: smaller

text: groups

text: of

text: instruments

text: where

text: parts

text: are

text: played

text: by

text: individual

text: instead

text: of

text: massed

text: instruments

text: The

text: concerto

text: as

text: a

text: vehicle

text: for

text: solo

text: performance

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: became

text: widespread

text: although

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: soloist

text: and

text: orchestra

text: was

text: relatively

text: simple

question: Keyboard music became popular during what era?

answer: Baroque

text: Baroque

question: The violin family is what type of instrument?

answer: stringed

text: stringed

question: Opera began to differentiate itself from earlier forms as what?

answer: staged musical drama

text: staged musical drama

question: What became more common during the Baroque era?

answer: vocal forms

text: vocal forms

question: What did vocalist add to melodies beginning in the Baroque era?

answer: embellishments

text: embellishments


text: However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata. In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of the body, and the two coelomata are widely separated and run the length of the body. They function as the main blood vessels, although they are side-by-side rather than upper and lower. However, they are lined with mesothelium, like the coelomata and unlike the blood vessels of other annelids. Leeches generally use suckers at their front and rear ends to move like inchworms. The anus is on the upper surface of the pygidium.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: However

text: leeches

text: and

text: their

text: closest

text: relatives

text: have

text: a

text: body

text: structure

text: that

text: is

text: very

text: uniform

text: within

text: the

text: group

text: but

text: significantly

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: other

text: annelids

text: including

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Clitellata

text: In

text: leeches

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: septa

text: the

text: connective

text: tissue

text: layer

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: wall

text: is

text: so

text: thick

text: that

text: it

text: occupies

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: coelomata

text: are

text: widely

text: separated

text: and

text: run

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: They

text: function

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: blood

text: vessels

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: rather

text: than

text: upper

text: and

text: lower

text: However

text: they

text: are

text: lined

text: with

text: mesothelium

text: like

text: the

text: coelomata

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: blood

text: vessels

text: of

text: other

text: annelids

text: Leeches

text: generally

text: use

text: suckers

text: at

text: their

text: front

text: and

text: rear

text: ends

text: to

text: move

text: like

text: inchworms

text: The

text: anus

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: pygidium

question: What type of annelids are very different from others?

answer: leeches and their closest relatives

text: leeches and their closest relatives

question: What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech?

answer: connective tissue layer of the body wall

text: connective tissue layer of the body wall

question: How many coelomata do leeches have?

answer: two

text: two

question: What lines the coelomata of leeches?

answer: mesothelium

text: mesothelium

question: What do leeches use to move?

answer: suckers at their front and rear ends

text: suckers at their front and rear ends


text: Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: Pepsi

text: since

text: and

text: in

text: appeared

text: in

text: a

text: Gladiator

text: themed

text: commercial

text: with

text: Britney

text: Spears

text: Pink

text: and

text: Enrique

text: Iglesias

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: signed

text: a

text: million

text: deal

text: to

text: endorse

text: Pepsi

text: The

text: Center

text: for

text: Science

text: in

text: the

text: Public

text: Interest

text: CSPINET

text: wrote

text: Beyoncé

text: an

text: open

text: letter

text: asking

text: her

text: to

text: reconsider

text: the

text: deal

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: unhealthiness

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: and

text: to

text: donate

text: the

text: proceeds

text: to

text: a

text: medical

text: organisation

text: Nevertheless

text: NetBase

text: found

text: that

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: campaign

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: talked

text: about

text: endorsement

text: in

text: April

text: with

text: a

text: per

text: cent

text: positive

text: audience

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: commercial

text: and

text: print

text: ads

question: Which soda company has Beyonce partnered with since 2002?

answer: Pepsi

text: Pepsi

question: Pepsi paid Beyonce how much in 2012 for her endorsement?

answer: 50 million

text: 50 million

question: Which organization wrote a letter to Beyonce after her Pepsi endorsement deal?

answer: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

text: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

question: What percentage of people were positive about Beyonce's endorsement of Pepsi?

answer: 70

question: When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments?

answer: 2002

question: Who was in the commercial with Beyonce in 2004?

answer: Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias

text: Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias

question: What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012?

answer: endorse Pepsi

text: endorse Pepsi

question: Who sent her a letter asking that she reconsider the Pepsi deal?

answer: Center for Science in the Public Interest

text: Center for Science in the Public Interest

question: What soft drink company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002?

answer: Pepsi

text: Pepsi

question: How much did Beyoncé get for a deal with a soft drink company in 2012?

answer: $50 million

text: $50 million

question: Who asked her to change her mind about the soft drink deal due to the nature of the product?

answer: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

text: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

question: What organization discovered that the advertisements Beyoncé did for the soft drink company were 70% positive?

answer: NetBase

text: NetBase


text: A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: A

text: thorough

text: understanding

text: of

text: adolescence

text: in

text: society

text: depends

text: on

text: information

text: from

text: various

text: perspectives

text: including

text: psychology

text: biology

text: history

text: sociology

text: education

text: and

text: anthropology

text: Within

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: perspectives

text: adolescence

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: transitional

text: period

text: between

text: childhood

text: and

text: adulthood

text: whose

text: cultural

text: purpose

text: is

text: the

text: preparation

text: of

text: children

text: for

text: adult

text: roles

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: multiple

text: transitions

text: involving

text: education

text: training

text: employment

text: and

text: unemployment

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: transitions

text: from

text: one

text: living

text: circumstance

text: to

text: another

question: Adolescene is viewed as what?

answer: a transitional period between childhood and adulthood

text: a transitional period between childhood and adulthood

question: A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on what?

answer: information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology.

text: information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology.

question: What is the purpose of adolescence?

answer: preparation of children for adult roles.

text: preparation of children for adult roles.

question: What is the cultural purpose of adolescence?

answer: preparation of children for adult roles

text: preparation of children for adult roles

question: What is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood viewed as?

answer: adolescence

text: adolescence

question: Is adolescence a period of one transition or multiple transitions?

answer: multiple transitions

text: multiple transitions

question: What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances?

answer: education, training, employment and unemployment

text: education, training, employment and unemployment


text: Whereas the chromosomes of prokaryotes are relatively gene-dense, those of eukaryotes often contain regions of DNA that serve no obvious function. Simple single-celled eukaryotes have relatively small amounts of such DNA, whereas the genomes of complex multicellular organisms, including humans, contain an absolute majority of DNA without an identified function. This DNA has often been referred to as "junk DNA". However, more recent analyses suggest that, although protein-coding DNA makes up barely 2% of the human genome, about 80% of the bases in the genome may be expressed, so the term "junk DNA" may be a misnomer.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Whereas

text: the

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: prokaryotes

text: are

text: relatively

text: gene

text: dense

text: those

text: of

text: eukaryotes

text: often

text: contain

text: regions

text: of

text: DNA

text: that

text: serve

text: no

text: obvious

text: function

text: Simple

text: single

text: celled

text: eukaryotes

text: have

text: relatively

text: small

text: amounts

text: of

text: such

text: DNA

text: whereas

text: the

text: genomes

text: of

text: complex

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: including

text: humans

text: contain

text: an

text: absolute

text: majority

text: of

text: DNA

text: without

text: an

text: identified

text: function

text: This

text: DNA

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: junk

text: DNA

text: However

text: more

text: recent

text: analyses

text: suggest

text: that

text: although

text: protein

text: coding

text: DNA

text: makes

text: up

text: barely

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: genome

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: bases

text: in

text: the

text: genome

text: may

text: be

text: expressed

text: so

text: the

text: term

text: junk

text: DNA

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: misnomer

question: What type of organism has relatively gene dense chromosomes?

answer: prokaryotes

text: prokaryotes

question: Regions of DNA that serve no obvious function are often found in what type of organism?

answer: eukaryotes

text: eukaryotes

question: What is referred to as "junk DNA"?

answer: DNA without an identified function

text: DNA without an identified function

question: What percentage of the human genome is made of protein coding DNA?

answer: barely 2%

text: barely 2%

question: What percentage of bases in the human genome are expressed by protein coding DNA

answer: about 80%

text: about 80%


text: In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain, albeit by a narrow margin of two percent.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: In

text: presidential

text: elections

text: Montana

text: was

text: long

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: swing

text: state

text: though

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: voted

text: for

text: the

text: Republican

text: candidate

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: two

text: elections

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: The

text: state

text: last

text: supported

text: a

text: Democrat

text: for

text: president

text: in

text: when

text: Bill

text: Clinton

text: won

text: a

text: plurality

text: victory

text: Overall

text: since

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: voted

text: for

text: Democratic

text: governors

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: Democratic

text: presidents

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: with

text: these

text: numbers

text: being

text: for

text: Republican

text: candidates

text: In

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: Montana

text: was

text: considered

text: a

text: swing

text: state

text: and

text: was

text: ultimately

text: won

text: by

text: Republican

text: John

text: McCain

text: albeit

text: by

text: a

text: narrow

text: margin

text: of

text: two

text: percent

question: In elections, what is Montana considered?

answer: a swing state

text: a swing state

question: What year was the last Democrat for president supported?

answer: 1992

question: How often has Montana voted for a Democratic governor?

answer: 60 percent

text: 60 percent

question: How often does Montana voted for a Democratic president?

answer: 40 percent

text: 40 percent


text: Satyagraha, an opera by Philip Glass, uses texts from the Bhagavad Gita, sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which won a Grammy, is the ashtanga vinyasa yoga chant. The lyrics include the mantra Om shanti. Composer John Williams featured choirs singing in Sanskrit for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The theme song of Battlestar Galactica 2004 is the Gayatri Mantra, taken from the Rigveda. The lyrics of "The Child In Us" by Enigma also contains Sanskrit verses.[better source needed].

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: Satyagraha

text: an

text: opera

text: by

text: Philip

text: Glass

text: uses

text: texts

text: from

text: the

text: Bhagavad

text: Gita

text: sung

text: in

text: Sanskrit

text: The

text: closing

text: credits

text: of

text: The

text: Matrix

text: Revolutions

text: has

text: a

text: prayer

text: from

text: the

text: Brihadaranyaka

text: Upanishad

text: The

text: song

text: Cyber

text: raga

text: from

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: album

text: Music

text: includes

text: Sanskrit

text: chants

text: and

text: Shanti

text: Ashtangi

text: from

text: her

text: album

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: which

text: won

text: a

text: Grammy

text: is

text: the

text: ashtanga

text: vinyasa

text: yoga

text: chant

text: The

text: lyrics

text: include

text: the

text: mantra

text: Om

text: shanti

text: Composer

text: John

text: Williams

text: featured

text: choirs

text: singing

text: in

text: Sanskrit

text: for

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Temple

text: of

text: Doom

text: and

text: in

text: Star

text: Wars

text: Episode

text: I

text: The

text: Phantom

text: Menace

text: The

text: theme

text: song

text: of

text: Battlestar

text: Galactica

text: is

text: the

text: Gayatri

text: Mantra

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: Rigveda

text: The

text: lyrics

text: of

text: The

text: Child

text: In

text: Us

text: by

text: Enigma

text: also

text: contains

text: Sanskrit

text: verses.[better

text: source

text: needed

question: Who wrote an opera in Sanskrit?

answer: Philip Glass

text: Philip Glass

question: On what was the Philip Glass opera based?

answer: Bhagavad Gita

text: Bhagavad Gita

question: Which well known performer has used Sanskrit chants in her music?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: Which composer featured Sanskrit music in his movies?

answer: John Williams

text: John Williams

question: What is the source of the theme song of Battlestar Galactica?

answer: Rigveda

text: Rigveda


text: Notable Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory (known for the Carathéodory theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), Manolis Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in Vergina), Michael Dertouzos, John Argyris, Panagiotis Kondylis, John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of Computer Science), Christos Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis (2005 Knuth Prize), Dimitri Nanopoulos and Helene Ahrweiler.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Notable

text: Greek

text: scientists

text: of

text: modern

text: times

text: include

text: Dimitrios

text: Galanos

text: Georgios

text: Papanikolaou

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: Pap

text: test

text: Nicholas

text: Negroponte

text: Constantin

text: Carathéodory

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: Carathéodory

text: theorems

text: and

text: Carathéodory

text: conjecture

text: Manolis

text: Andronikos

text: discovered

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: Philip

text: II

text: of

text: Macedon

text: in

text: Vergina

text: Michael

text: Dertouzos

text: John

text: Argyris

text: Panagiotis

text: Kondylis

text: John

text: Iliopoulos

text: Dirac

text: Prize

text: for

text: his

text: contributions

text: on

text: the

text: physics

text: of

text: the

text: charm

text: quark

text: a

text: major

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: Standard

text: Model

text: the

text: modern

text: theory

text: of

text: Elementary

text: Particles

text: Joseph

text: Sifakis

text: Turing

text: Award

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: of

text: Computer

text: Science

text: Christos

text: Papadimitriou

text: Knuth

text: Prize

text: Gödel

text: Prize

text: Mihalis

text: Yannakakis

text: Knuth

text: Prize

text: Dimitri

text: Nanopoulos

text: and

text: Helene

text: Ahrweiler

question: What Greek scientist invented the Pap test?

answer: Georgios Papanikolaou

text: Georgios Papanikolaou

question: Who found the tomb of Philip II of Macedon?

answer: Manolis Andronikos

text: Manolis Andronikos

question: What Greek won the 2007 Turing award?

answer: Joseph Sifakis

text: Joseph Sifakis

question: What Greek won the 2002 Knuth prize?

answer: Christos Papadimitriou

text: Christos Papadimitriou

question: What Greek won the 2005 Knuth prize?

answer: Mihalis Yannakakis

text: Mihalis Yannakakis


text: The earliest examples of visual representations in Iranian history are traced back to the bas-reliefs of Persepolis, c. 500 BC. Persepolis was the ritual center of the ancient kingdom of Achaemenids, and the figures at Persepolis remain bound by the rules of grammar and syntax of visual language. The Iranian visual arts reached a pinnacle by the Sassanid Era. A bas-relief from this period in Taq Bostan depicts a complex hunting scene. Similar works from the period have been found to articulate movements and actions in a highly sophisticated manner. It is even possible to see a progenitor of the cinema close-up in one of these works of art, which shows a wounded wild pig escaping from the hunting ground.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: earliest

text: examples

text: of

text: visual

text: representations

text: in

text: Iranian

text: history

text: are

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: bas

text: reliefs

text: of

text: Persepolis

text: c.

text: BC

text: Persepolis

text: was

text: the

text: ritual

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Achaemenids

text: and

text: the

text: figures

text: at

text: Persepolis

text: remain

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: rules

text: of

text: grammar

text: and

text: syntax

text: of

text: visual

text: language

text: The

text: Iranian

text: visual

text: arts

text: reached

text: a

text: pinnacle

text: by

text: the

text: Sassanid

text: Era

text: A

text: bas

text: relief

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: in

text: Taq

text: Bostan

text: depicts

text: a

text: complex

text: hunting

text: scene

text: Similar

text: works

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: articulate

text: movements

text: and

text: actions

text: in

text: a

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: manner

text: It

text: is

text: even

text: possible

text: to

text: see

text: a

text: progenitor

text: of

text: the

text: cinema

text: close

text: up

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: which

text: shows

text: a

text: wounded

text: wild

text: pig

text: escaping

text: from

text: the

text: hunting

text: ground

question: What were the first known examples of Iranian visual art?

answer: the bas-reliefs of Persepolis

text: the bas-reliefs of Persepolis

question: How far back can the first known examples of Iranian visual art be traced to?

answer: c. 500 BC

text: c. 500 BC

question: What city was the ritual center of the Archaemenids?

answer: Persepolis

text: Persepolis

question: In what era did Iranian visual art reach its peak?

answer: the Sassanid Era

text: the Sassanid Era


text: After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes "Anson's Colts", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the "Orphans".

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: After

text: back

text: to

text: back

text: pennants

text: in

text: and

text: Hulbert

text: died

text: and

text: Spalding

text: who

text: had

text: retired

text: to

text: start

text: Spalding

text: sporting

text: goods

text: assumed

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: club

text: The

text: White

text: Stockings

text: with

text: Anson

text: acting

text: as

text: player

text: manager

text: captured

text: their

text: third

text: consecutive

text: pennant

text: in

text: and

text: Anson

text: established

text: himself

text: as

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: first

text: true

text: superstar

text: In

text: and

text: after

text: winning

text: N.L.

text: pennants

text: the

text: White

text: Stockings

text: met

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: American

text: Association

text: champion

text: in

text: that

text: era

text: 's

text: version

text: of

text: a

text: World

text: Series

text: Both

text: seasons

text: resulted

text: in

text: match

text: ups

text: with

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Brown

text: Stockings

text: with

text: the

text: clubs

text: tying

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: St.

text: Louis

text: winning

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: genesis

text: of

text: what

text: would

text: eventually

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: rivalries

text: in

text: sports

text: In

text: all

text: the

text: Anson

text: led

text: Chicago

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Club

text: won

text: six

text: National

text: League

text: pennants

text: between

text: and

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: club

text: nickname

text: transitioned

text: and

text: by

text: they

text: had

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Colts

text: or

text: sometimes

text: Anson

text: 's

text: Colts

text: referring

text: to

text: Cap

text: 's

text: influence

text: within

text: the

text: club

text: Anson

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: player

text: in

text: history

text: credited

text: with

text: collecting

text: career

text: hits

text: After

text: a

text: disappointing

text: record

text: of

text: and

text: a

text: place

text: finish

text: in

text: Anson

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: Cubs

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: player

text: and

text: manager

text: Due

text: to

text: Anson

text: 's

text: absence

text: from

text: the

text: club

text: after

text: years

text: local

text: newspaper

text: reporters

text: started

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Cubs

text: as

text: the

text: Orphans

question: Who assumed ownership of the Cubs after Hulbert died?

answer: Spalding

text: Spalding

question: What year did the White Stockings capture their third consecutive pennant?

answer: 1882

question: While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many National League pennants did they win?

answer: six

text: six

question: What did the Chicago Cubs become know as by 1890?

answer: Chicago Colts

text: Chicago Colts

question: Who was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits?

answer: Anson

text: Anson


text: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for the flourishing of an increasingly elaborate polyphonic style. The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs. Towards the end of the period, the early dramatic precursors of opera such as monody, the madrigal comedy, and the intermedio are seen.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Vocal

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: the

text: flourishing

text: of

text: an

text: increasingly

text: elaborate

text: polyphonic

text: style

text: The

text: principal

text: liturgical

text: forms

text: which

text: endured

text: throughout

text: the

text: entire

text: Renaissance

text: period

text: were

text: masses

text: and

text: motets

text: with

text: some

text: other

text: developments

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: especially

text: as

text: composers

text: of

text: sacred

text: music

text: began

text: to

text: adopt

text: secular

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: madrigal

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: designs

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: early

text: dramatic

text: precursors

text: of

text: opera

text: such

text: as

text: monody

text: the

text: madrigal

text: comedy

text: and

text: the

text: intermedio

text: are

text: seen

question: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?

answer: polyphonic style

text: polyphonic style

question: What liturgical form besides motets endured throughout the entire Renaissance period?

answer: masses

text: masses

question: Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?

answer: opera

text: opera


text: Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox"; and Andrew Pickens. The British retained control of the city until December 1782. After the British left, the city's name was officially changed to Charleston in 1783.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Clinton

text: returned

text: in

text: with

text: soldiers

text: American

text: General

text: Benjamin

text: Lincoln

text: was

text: trapped

text: and

text: surrendered

text: his

text: entire

text: force

text: after

text: a

text: long

text: fight

text: and

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Charles

text: Towne

text: was

text: the

text: greatest

text: American

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Several

text: Americans

text: who

text: escaped

text: the

text: carnage

text: joined

text: other

text: militias

text: including

text: those

text: of

text: Francis

text: Marion

text: the

text: Swamp

text: Fox

text: and

text: Andrew

text: Pickens

text: The

text: British

text: retained

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: until

text: December

text: After

text: the

text: British

text: left

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: name

text: was

text: officially

text: changed

text: to

text: Charleston

text: in

question: What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?

answer: Siege of Charles Towne

text: Siege of Charles Towne

question: How many soldiers did General Clinton return with?

answer: 14,000

question: In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?

answer: 1780

question: Who was the leader of the American forces defending Charles Towne?

answer: General Benjamin Lincoln

text: General Benjamin Lincoln

question: How many soldiers did General Lincoln lead?

answer: 5,400


text: Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Of

text: the

text: territories

text: of

text: Poland

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: region

text: around

text: Białystok

text: and

text: a

text: minor

text: part

text: of

text: Galicia

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: river

text: around

text: Przemyśl

text: were

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: Polish

text: state

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Of

text: all

text: other

text: territories

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: the

text: ones

text: detached

text: from

text: Finland

text: Karelia

text: Petsamo

text: Estonia

text: Ingrian

text: area

text: and

text: Petseri

text: County

text: and

text: Latvia

text: Abrene

text: remained

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: the

text: successor

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: after

text: Northern

text: Bukovina

text: Southern

text: Bessarabia

text: and

text: Hertza

text: remain

text: part

text: of

text: Ukraine

question: The regions of Białystok, Galicia and Przemyśl were returned to what country after world war II?

answer: Polish state

text: Polish state

question: What regions remained part of the Soviet Union?

answer: (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation

text: (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation

question: After World War II, what regions remain part of Ukraine?

answer: Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza

text: Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza


text: Rescue efforts performed by the Chinese government were praised by western media, especially in comparison with Myanmar's blockage of foreign aid during Cyclone Nargis, as well as China's previous performance during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake led a professor at the Peking University to say, “This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards”. Los Angeles Times praised China's media coverage of the quake of being "democratic".

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Rescue

text: efforts

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: were

text: praised

text: by

text: western

text: media

text: especially

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: blockage

text: of

text: foreign

text: aid

text: during

text: Cyclone

text: Nargis

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: China

text: 's

text: previous

text: performance

text: during

text: the

text: Tangshan

text: earthquake

text: China

text: 's

text: openness

text: during

text: the

text: media

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: earthquake

text: led

text: a

text: professor

text: at

text: the

text: Peking

text: University

text: to

text: say

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: media

text: has

text: lived

text: up

text: to

text: international

text: standards

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: praised

text: China

text: 's

text: media

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: quake

text: of

text: being

text: democratic

question: What did a professor at the Peking University say about the handling of the earthquake?

answer: This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards

text: This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards

question: What did Myanmar block after Cyclone Nargis?

answer: foreign aid

text: foreign aid

question: What did a Peking professor say about Chinese media coverage?

answer: up to international standards

text: up to international standards

question: Who praised Chinese media coverage as being democratic?

answer: Los Angeles Times

text: Los Angeles Times

question: In which previous catastrophe not live up to international standards?

answer: 1976 Tangshan earthquake

text: 1976 Tangshan earthquake


text: The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) conducted 86,320 videoconferenced hearings, a 55% increase over FY 2008. In August 2010, the SSA opened its fifth and largest videoconferencing-only National Hearing Center (NHC), in St. Louis, Missouri. This continues the SSA's effort to use video hearings as a means to clear its substantial hearing backlog. Since 2007, the SSA has also established NHCs in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Baltimore, Maryland, Falls Church, Virginia, and Chicago, Illinois.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Social

text: Security

text: Administration

text: SSA

text: which

text: oversees

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: administrative

text: judicial

text: system

text: under

text: its

text: Office

text: of

text: Disability

text: Adjudication

text: and

text: Review

text: ODAR

text: has

text: made

text: extensive

text: use

text: of

text: videoconferencing

text: to

text: conduct

text: hearings

text: at

text: remote

text: locations

text: In

text: Fiscal

text: Year

text: FY

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Social

text: Security

text: Administration

text: SSA

text: conducted

text: videoconferenced

text: hearings

text: a

text: increase

text: over

text: FY

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: SSA

text: opened

text: its

text: fifth

text: and

text: largest

text: videoconferencing

text: only

text: National

text: Hearing

text: Center

text: NHC

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Missouri

text: This

text: continues

text: the

text: SSA

text: 's

text: effort

text: to

text: use

text: video

text: hearings

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: clear

text: its

text: substantial

text: hearing

text: backlog

text: Since

text: the

text: SSA

text: has

text: also

text: established

text: NHCs

text: in

text: Albuquerque

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: Falls

text: Church

text: Virginia

text: and

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

question: Who has the world's largest administrative judicial system?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What US Department oversees the World's largest administrative judicial system?

answer: Social Security Administration (SSA)

text: Social Security Administration (SSA)

question: In what year did the SSA see a 55% increase in videoconferenced hearings?

answer: 2009

question: When did the SSA open its largest videoconferencing-only center?

answer: August 2010

text: August 2010

question: Where is the SSA's fifth videoconferencing only center located?

answer: St. Louis, Missouri

text: St. Louis, Missouri


text: In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite, malachite and turquoise and have been widely used historically as pigments. Architectural structures built with copper corrode to give green verdigris (or patina). Decorative art prominently features copper, both by itself and in the form of pigments.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: In

text: the

text: Roman

text: era

text: copper

text: was

text: principally

text: mined

text: on

text: Cyprus

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: metal

text: from

text: aes

text: сyprium

text: metal

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: later

text: corrupted

text: to

text: сuprum

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: words

text: copper

text: English

text: cuivre

text: French

text: Koper

text: Dutch

text: and

text: Kupfer

text: German

text: are

text: all

text: derived

text: Its

text: compounds

text: are

text: commonly

text: encountered

text: as

text: copper(II

text: salts

text: which

text: often

text: impart

text: blue

text: or

text: green

text: colors

text: to

text: minerals

text: such

text: as

text: azurite

text: malachite

text: and

text: turquoise

text: and

text: have

text: been

text: widely

text: used

text: historically

text: as

text: pigments

text: Architectural

text: structures

text: built

text: with

text: copper

text: corrode

text: to

text: give

text: green

text: verdigris

text: or

text: patina

text: Decorative

text: art

text: prominently

text: features

text: copper

text: both

text: by

text: itself

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: pigments

question: Where was copper mostly mined at in the Roman era?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

question: What term does the name copper originate from?

answer: сuprum

text: сuprum

question: What componds are common in copper?

answer: copper(II) salts

text: copper(II) salts

question: What is one color common in copper salts?

answer: blue

text: blue

question: What is the name of the color pigment on building structures that are made using copper.

answer: green verdigris

text: green verdigris


text: During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere followers. That same year, Nasser had the Muslim Brotherhood chief ideologue Sayyed Qutb imprisoned. Qutb was charged and found guilty by the court of plotting to assassinate Nasser, and was executed in 1966. Beginning in 1966, as Egypt's economy slowed and government debt became increasingly burdensome, Nasser began to ease state control over the private sector, encouraging state-owned bank loans to private business and introducing incentives to increase exports. During the 60's, the Egyptian economy went from sluggishness to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: During

text: the

text: presidential

text: referendum

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Nasser

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: to

text: a

text: second

text: term

text: as

text: UAR

text: president

text: and

text: took

text: his

text: oath

text: on

text: March

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: candidate

text: for

text: the

text: position

text: with

text: virtually

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: political

text: opponents

text: forbidden

text: by

text: law

text: from

text: running

text: for

text: office

text: and

text: his

text: fellow

text: party

text: members

text: reduced

text: to

text: mere

text: followers

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: Nasser

text: had

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: chief

text: ideologue

text: Sayyed

text: Qutb

text: imprisoned

text: Qutb

text: was

text: charged

text: and

text: found

text: guilty

text: by

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: plotting

text: to

text: assassinate

text: Nasser

text: and

text: was

text: executed

text: in

text: Beginning

text: in

text: as

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: economy

text: slowed

text: and

text: government

text: debt

text: became

text: increasingly

text: burdensome

text: Nasser

text: began

text: to

text: ease

text: state

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: encouraging

text: state

text: owned

text: bank

text: loans

text: to

text: private

text: business

text: and

text: introducing

text: incentives

text: to

text: increase

text: exports

text: During

text: the

text: 's

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: economy

text: went

text: from

text: sluggishness

text: to

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: collapse

text: the

text: society

text: became

text: less

text: free

text: and

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: appeal

text: waned

text: considerably

question: What was Nasser's political opposition like in the 1965 election?

answer: He was the only candidate

text: He was the only candidate

question: The leader of what organization was imprisoned by Nasser?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood

question: What was Qutb's sentence?

answer: executed

text: executed

question: What economic element did Nasser try to encourage with bank loans?

answer: private sector

text: private sector

question: How did Egypt's economy do during the 1960s?

answer: from sluggishness to the verge of collapse

text: from sluggishness to the verge of collapse


text: The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Spanish

text: ship

text: San

text: Pedro

text: and

text: two

text: other

text: vessels

text: in

text: an

text: expedition

text: commanded

text: by

text: Miguel

text: López

text: de

text: Legazpi

text: discovered

text: an

text: island

text: on

text: January

text: possibly

text: Mejit

text: at

text: N

text: which

text: they

text: named

text: Los

text: Barbudos

text: The

text: Spaniards

text: went

text: ashore

text: and

text: traded

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: inhabitants

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: sighted

text: another

text: island

text: that

text: they

text: named

text: Placeres

text: perhaps

text: Ailuk

text: ten

text: leagues

text: away

text: they

text: sighted

text: another

text: island

text: that

text: they

text: called

text: Pajares

text: perhaps

text: Jemo

text: On

text: January

text: they

text: sighted

text: another

text: island

text: at

text: N

text: that

text: they

text: called

text: Corrales

text: possibly

text: Wotho

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: sighted

text: another

text: low

text: island

text: perhaps

text: Ujelang

text: at

text: N

text: where

text: they

text: described

text: the

text: people

text: on

text: Barbudos

text: After

text: that

text: ships

text: including

text: the

text: San

text: Jeronimo

text: Los

text: Reyes

text: and

text: Todos

text: los

text: Santos

text: also

text: visited

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: different

text: years

question: What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530?

answer: Los Barbudos

text: Los Barbudos

question: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?

answer: Mejit

text: Mejit

question: On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres?

answer: January 10

text: January 10

question: What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th?

answer: Corrales

text: Corrales

question: What was the location of Corrales?

answer: 10°N

question: Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro?

answer: Miguel López de Legazpi

text: Miguel López de Legazpi

question: What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?

answer: Los Barbudos

text: Los Barbudos

question: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?

answer: Placeres

text: Placeres

question: On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?

answer: January 12

text: January 12

question: What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15?

answer: Ujelang

text: Ujelang


text: Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) on July 29, 1972, but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit. After the DOS-2 failure, the USSR attempted to launch four more Salyut-class stations through 1975, with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage, which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it wouldn't hold pressure. While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories, some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Salyut

text: 's

text: orbit

text: was

text: increased

text: to

text: prevent

text: premature

text: reentry

text: but

text: further

text: piloted

text: flights

text: were

text: delayed

text: while

text: the

text: Soyuz

text: was

text: redesigned

text: to

text: fix

text: the

text: new

text: safety

text: problem

text: The

text: station

text: re

text: entered

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: days

text: in

text: orbit

text: The

text: USSR

text: attempted

text: to

text: launch

text: a

text: second

text: Salyut

text: class

text: station

text: designated

text: Durable

text: Orbital

text: on

text: July

text: but

text: a

text: rocket

text: failure

text: caused

text: it

text: to

text: fail

text: to

text: achieve

text: orbit

text: After

text: the

text: failure

text: the

text: USSR

text: attempted

text: to

text: launch

text: four

text: more

text: Salyut

text: class

text: stations

text: through

text: with

text: another

text: failure

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: explosion

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: rocket

text: stage

text: which

text: punctured

text: the

text: station

text: with

text: shrapnel

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: n't

text: hold

text: pressure

text: While

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Salyuts

text: were

text: presented

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: as

text: non

text: military

text: scientific

text: laboratories

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: actually

text: covers

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: Almaz

text: reconnaissance

text: stations

question: The station, Salyut 1, came back to Earth on which date?

answer: October 11

text: October 11

question: How long did the station, Salyut 1, stay in orbit?

answer: 175 days

text: 175 days

question: Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?

answer: rocket failure

text: rocket failure


text: Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223).

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: Originally

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: alphabet

text: ASCII

text: encodes

text: specified

text: characters

text: into

text: seven

text: bit

text: integers

text: as

text: shown

text: by

text: the

text: ASCII

text: chart

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: The

text: characters

text: encoded

text: are

text: numbers

text: to

text: lowercase

text: letters

text: a

text: to

text: z

text: uppercase

text: letters

text: A

text: to

text: Z

text: basic

text: punctuation

text: symbols

text: control

text: codes

text: that

text: originated

text: with

text: Teletype

text: machines

text: and

text: a

text: space

text: For

text: example

text: lowercase

text: j

text: would

text: become

text: binary

text: and

text: decimal

text: ASCII

text: includes

text: definitions

text: for

text: characters

text: are

text: non

text: printing

text: control

text: characters

text: many

text: now

text: obsolete

text: that

text: affect

text: how

text: text

text: and

text: space

text: are

text: processed

text: and

text: printable

text: characters

text: including

text: the

text: space

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: invisible

question: What is the ASCII based on?

answer: English alphabet

text: English alphabet

question: How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code?

answer: 128 specified characters

text: 128 specified characters

question: How many are non-printing control characters?

answer: 33 are non-printing control characters

text: 33 are non-printing control characters

question: How many characters are printable characters?

answer: 95 printable characters

text: 95 printable characters

question: What is the space also known as what?

answer: invisible graphic:223

text: invisible graphic:223


text: In 1989, the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field, Don Zimmer's Cubs were led by a core group of veterans in Ryne Sandberg, Rick Sutcliffe and Andre Dawson, who were boosted by a crop of youngsters such as Mark Grace, Shawon Dunston, Greg Maddux, Rookie of the Year Jerome Walton, and Rookie of the Year Runner-Up Dwight Smith. The Cubs won the NL East once again that season winning 93 games. This time the Cubs met the San Francisco Giants in the NLCS. After splitting the first two games at home, the Cubs headed to the Bay Area, where despite holding a lead at some point in each of the next three games, bullpen meltdowns and managerial blunders ultimately led to three straight losses. The Cubs couldn't overcome the efforts of Will Clark, whose home run off Maddux, just after a managerial visit to the mound, led Maddux to think Clark knew what pitch was coming. Afterward, Maddux would speak into his glove during any mound conversation, beginning what is a norm today. Mark Grace was 11–17 in the series with 8 RBI. Eventually, the Giants lost to the "Bash Brothers" and the Oakland A's in the famous "Earthquake Series."

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: full

text: season

text: with

text: night

text: baseball

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: Don

text: Zimmer

text: 's

text: Cubs

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: core

text: group

text: of

text: veterans

text: in

text: Ryne

text: Sandberg

text: Rick

text: Sutcliffe

text: and

text: Andre

text: Dawson

text: who

text: were

text: boosted

text: by

text: a

text: crop

text: of

text: youngsters

text: such

text: as

text: Mark

text: Grace

text: Shawon

text: Dunston

text: Greg

text: Maddux

text: Rookie

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Jerome

text: Walton

text: and

text: Rookie

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Runner

text: Up

text: Dwight

text: Smith

text: The

text: Cubs

text: won

text: the

text: NL

text: East

text: once

text: again

text: that

text: season

text: winning

text: games

text: This

text: time

text: the

text: Cubs

text: met

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Giants

text: in

text: the

text: NLCS

text: After

text: splitting

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: games

text: at

text: home

text: the

text: Cubs

text: headed

text: to

text: the

text: Bay

text: Area

text: where

text: despite

text: holding

text: a

text: lead

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: three

text: games

text: bullpen

text: meltdowns

text: and

text: managerial

text: blunders

text: ultimately

text: led

text: to

text: three

text: straight

text: losses

text: The

text: Cubs

text: could

text: n't

text: overcome

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: Will

text: Clark

text: whose

text: home

text: run

text: off

text: Maddux

text: just

text: after

text: a

text: managerial

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: mound

text: led

text: Maddux

text: to

text: think

text: Clark

text: knew

text: what

text: pitch

text: was

text: coming

text: Afterward

text: Maddux

text: would

text: speak

text: into

text: his

text: glove

text: during

text: any

text: mound

text: conversation

text: beginning

text: what

text: is

text: a

text: norm

text: today

text: Mark

text: Grace

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: with

text: RBI

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Giants

text: lost

text: to

text: the

text: Bash

text: Brothers

text: and

text: the

text: Oakland

text: A

text: 's

text: in

text: the

text: famous

text: Earthquake

text: Series

question: What year was the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field?

answer: 1989

question: Who was rookie of the year in 1989?

answer: Jerome Walton

text: Jerome Walton

question: Who was rookie of the year Runner-Up in 1989?

answer: Dwight Smith

text: Dwight Smith

question: Who did the Cubs meet in the NLCS during 1989?

answer: San Francisco Giants

text: San Francisco Giants


text: He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion. Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanhá was elected after a transition. In the 2009 election to replace the assassinated Vieira, Sanhá was the presidential candidate of the PAIGC while Kumba Ialá was the presidential candidate of the PRS.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: He

text: was

text: killed

text: on

text: March

text: possibly

text: by

text: soldiers

text: in

text: retaliation

text: for

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: General

text: Batista

text: Tagme

text: Waie

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: joint

text: chiefs

text: of

text: staff

text: killed

text: in

text: an

text: explosion

text: Vieira

text: 's

text: death

text: did

text: not

text: trigger

text: widespread

text: violence

text: but

text: there

text: were

text: signs

text: of

text: turmoil

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: advocacy

text: group

text: Swisspeace

text: Malam

text: Bacai

text: Sanhá

text: was

text: elected

text: after

text: a

text: transition

text: In

text: the

text: election

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: assassinated

text: Vieira

text: Sanhá

text: was

text: the

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: of

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: while

text: Kumba

text: Ialá

text: was

text: the

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: of

text: the

text: PRS

question: What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?

answer: widespread violence

text: widespread violence

question: When was Vieira killed?

answer: 2 March 2009

text: 2 March 2009

question: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PAIGC?

answer: Sanhá

text: Sanhá

question: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PRS?

answer: Kumba Ialá

text: Kumba Ialá

question: Who won the 2009 election?

answer: Sanhá

text: Sanhá


text: Inheritance in plants follows the same fundamental principles of genetics as in other multicellular organisms. Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in Pisum sativum (peas). What Mendel learned from studying plants has had far reaching benefits outside of botany. Similarly, "jumping genes" were discovered by Barbara McClintock while she was studying maize. Nevertheless, there are some distinctive genetic differences between plants and other organisms.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Inheritance

text: in

text: plants

text: follows

text: the

text: same

text: fundamental

text: principles

text: of

text: genetics

text: as

text: in

text: other

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: Gregor

text: Mendel

text: discovered

text: the

text: genetic

text: laws

text: of

text: inheritance

text: by

text: studying

text: inherited

text: traits

text: such

text: as

text: shape

text: in

text: Pisum

text: sativum

text: peas

text: What

text: Mendel

text: learned

text: from

text: studying

text: plants

text: has

text: had

text: far

text: reaching

text: benefits

text: outside

text: of

text: botany

text: Similarly

text: jumping

text: genes

text: were

text: discovered

text: by

text: Barbara

text: McClintock

text: while

text: she

text: was

text: studying

text: maize

text: Nevertheless

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: distinctive

text: genetic

text: differences

text: between

text: plants

text: and

text: other

text: organisms

question: Does inheritance work differently in plants?

answer: same fundamental principles of genetics

text: same fundamental principles of genetics

question: What plant did Mendel use to demonstrate inheritance?

answer: Pisum sativum (peas)

text: Pisum sativum (peas)

question: What other plant was used in the discovery of different genes?

answer: maize

text: maize

question: Are plants and animals genetically the same?

answer: distinctive genetic differences

text: distinctive genetic differences


text: From 1996 to 2002, Tuvalu was one of the best-performing Pacific Island economies and achieved an average real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 5.6% per annum. Since 2002 economic growth has slowed, with GDP growth of 1.5% in 2008. Tuvalu was exposed to rapid rises in world prices of fuel and food in 2008, with the level of inflation peaking at 13.4%. The International Monetary Fund 2010 Report on Tuvalu estimates that Tuvalu experienced zero growth in its 2010 GDP, after the economy contracted by about 2% in 2009. On 5 August 2012, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Tuvalu, and assessed the economy of Tuvalu: "A slow recovery is underway in Tuvalu, but there are important risks. GDP grew in 2011 for the first time since the global financial crisis, led by the private retail sector and education spending. We expect growth to rise slowly". The IMF 2014 Country Report noted that real GDP growth in Tuvalu had been volatile averaging only 1 percent in the past decade. The 2014 Country Report describes economic growth prospects as generally positive as the result of large revenues from fishing licenses, together with substantial foreign aid.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: From

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: performing

text: Pacific

text: Island

text: economies

text: and

text: achieved

text: an

text: average

text: real

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: GDP

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: annum

text: Since

text: economic

text: growth

text: has

text: slowed

text: with

text: GDP

text: growth

text: of

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: exposed

text: to

text: rapid

text: rises

text: in

text: world

text: prices

text: of

text: fuel

text: and

text: food

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: inflation

text: peaking

text: at

text: The

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: Report

text: on

text: Tuvalu

text: estimates

text: that

text: Tuvalu

text: experienced

text: zero

text: growth

text: in

text: its

text: GDP

text: after

text: the

text: economy

text: contracted

text: by

text: about

text: in

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Executive

text: Board

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: IMF

text: concluded

text: the

text: Article

text: IV

text: consultation

text: with

text: Tuvalu

text: and

text: assessed

text: the

text: economy

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: A

text: slow

text: recovery

text: is

text: underway

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: important

text: risks

text: GDP

text: grew

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: global

text: financial

text: crisis

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: private

text: retail

text: sector

text: and

text: education

text: spending

text: We

text: expect

text: growth

text: to

text: rise

text: slowly

text: The

text: IMF

text: Country

text: Report

text: noted

text: that

text: real

text: GDP

text: growth

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: had

text: been

text: volatile

text: averaging

text: only

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: decade

text: The

text: Country

text: Report

text: describes

text: economic

text: growth

text: prospects

text: as

text: generally

text: positive

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: large

text: revenues

text: from

text: fishing

text: licenses

text: together

text: with

text: substantial

text: foreign

text: aid

question: What was Tuvalu's GDP rate from 1996 to 2002?

answer: 5.6%

question: What has been the GDP of Tuvalu in 2008?

answer: 1.5%

question: What rises in cost have effected Tuvalu's domestic growth?

answer: fuel and food

text: fuel and food

question: What has been the level of domestic growth in 2010 on Tuvalu?

answer: zero growth

text: zero growth

question: What does Tuvalu expect as a return in fishing licenses and foreign aid?

answer: large revenues

text: large revenues