text: World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation." Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war. The U.S. emerged as one of the two undisputed superpowers along with the Soviet Union, and unlike the Soviet Union, the U.S. homeland was virtually untouched by the ravages of war. During and following World War II, the United States and Britain developed an increasingly strong defense and intelligence relationship. Manifestations of this include extensive basing of U.S. forces in the UK, shared intelligence, shared military technology (e.g. nuclear technology), and shared procurement.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: holds

text: a

text: special

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: psyche

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: greatest

text: triumph

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: personnel

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: are

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Generation

text: Over

text: million

text: served

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: over

text: died

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: U.S.

text: emerged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: undisputed

text: superpowers

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: U.S.

text: homeland

text: was

text: virtually

text: untouched

text: by

text: the

text: ravages

text: of

text: war

text: During

text: and

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Britain

text: developed

text: an

text: increasingly

text: strong

text: defense

text: and

text: intelligence

text: relationship

text: Manifestations

text: of

text: this

text: include

text: extensive

text: basing

text: of

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: shared

text: intelligence

text: shared

text: military

text: technology

text: e.g.

text: nuclear

text: technology

text: and

text: shared

text: procurement

question: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?

answer: Over 16 million

text: Over 16 million

question: How many American service personnel died in World War II?

answer: 400,000

question: What other country besides the United States became a super power after World War II?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?

answer: the Greatest Generation

text: the Greatest Generation

question: Both during and after the conclusion of  World War II, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?

answer: Britain

text: Britain


text: Several companies, refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo, found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system. Most of these companies created circuits that used a voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip in the NES. A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Australia came in the form of a dongle that would be connected to a licensed game, in order to use the licensed game's 10NES chip for authentication. In order to combat unlicensed games, Nintendo of America threatened retailers who sold them with losing their supply of licensed titles. In addition, multiple revisions were made to the NES PCBs to prevent these games from working.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Several

text: companies

text: refusing

text: to

text: pay

text: the

text: licensing

text: fee

text: or

text: having

text: been

text: rejected

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: found

text: ways

text: to

text: circumvent

text: the

text: console

text: 's

text: authentication

text: system

text: Most

text: of

text: these

text: companies

text: created

text: circuits

text: that

text: used

text: a

text: voltage

text: spike

text: to

text: temporarily

text: disable

text: the

text: chip

text: in

text: the

text: NES

text: A

text: few

text: unlicensed

text: games

text: released

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: dongle

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: licensed

text: game

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: licensed

text: game

text: 's

text: chip

text: for

text: authentication

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: combat

text: unlicensed

text: games

text: Nintendo

text: of

text: America

text: threatened

text: retailers

text: who

text: sold

text: them

text: with

text: losing

text: their

text: supply

text: of

text: licensed

text: titles

text: In

text: addition

text: multiple

text: revisions

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: NES

text: PCBs

text: to

text: prevent

text: these

text: games

text: from

text: working

question: Companies did what in an effort to circumvent Nintendo's console authentication?

answer: voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip

text: voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip

question: Why did the companies circumvent the authentication system?

answer: refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo

text: refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo

question: Where did unlicensed games feature a dongle?

answer: Europe and Australia

text: Europe and Australia

question: What did Nintendo do to curb unlicensed game sales?

answer: threatened retailers

text: threatened retailers


text: The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise and lead their army. He cut off the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthaginian naval supremacy. The Romans then again defeated the Carthaginians in naval battle at the Battle of the Aegates Islands and left Carthage with neither a fleet nor sufficient coin to raise one. For a maritime power the loss of their access to the Mediterranean stung financially and psychologically, and the Carthaginians sued for peace.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: first

text: few

text: naval

text: battles

text: were

text: disasters

text: for

text: Rome

text: However

text: after

text: training

text: more

text: sailors

text: and

text: inventing

text: a

text: grappling

text: engine

text: a

text: Roman

text: naval

text: force

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: defeat

text: a

text: Carthaginian

text: fleet

text: and

text: further

text: naval

text: victories

text: followed

text: The

text: Carthaginians

text: then

text: hired

text: Xanthippus

text: of

text: Carthage

text: a

text: Spartan

text: mercenary

text: general

text: to

text: reorganise

text: and

text: lead

text: their

text: army

text: He

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: Roman

text: army

text: from

text: its

text: base

text: by

text: re

text: establishing

text: Carthaginian

text: naval

text: supremacy

text: The

text: Romans

text: then

text: again

text: defeated

text: the

text: Carthaginians

text: in

text: naval

text: battle

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Aegates

text: Islands

text: and

text: left

text: Carthage

text: with

text: neither

text: a

text: fleet

text: nor

text: sufficient

text: coin

text: to

text: raise

text: one

text: For

text: a

text: maritime

text: power

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: their

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: stung

text: financially

text: and

text: psychologically

text: and

text: the

text: Carthaginians

text: sued

text: for

text: peace

question: What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome?

answer: naval battles

text: naval battles

question: What type of engine was invented by the Romans?

answer: grappling engine

text: grappling engine

question: Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans?

answer: Xanthippus

text: Xanthippus

question: Who claimed victory at the Battle of Aegates Islands?

answer: The Romans

text: The Romans

question: Who lost access to the Mediterranean after numerous naval losses?

answer: the Carthaginians

text: the Carthaginians


text: Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system from the version 4.1 Jelly Bean as well as Windows Phone 8 (Windows Phone 7 devices had used the Zune protocol which was an evolution of MTP). The primary reason for this is that MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does, alleviating potential problems should an Android program request the storage while it is attached to a computer. The main drawback is that MTP is not as well supported outside of Windows operating systems.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Media

text: Transfer

text: Protocol

text: MTP

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: to

text: give

text: higher

text: level

text: access

text: to

text: a

text: device

text: 's

text: filesystem

text: than

text: USB

text: mass

text: storage

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: files

text: rather

text: than

text: disk

text: blocks

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: optional

text: DRM

text: features

text: MTP

text: was

text: designed

text: for

text: use

text: with

text: portable

text: media

text: players

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: storage

text: access

text: protocol

text: of

text: the

text: Android

text: operating

text: system

text: from

text: the

text: version

text: Jelly

text: Bean

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: devices

text: had

text: used

text: the

text: Zune

text: protocol

text: which

text: was

text: an

text: evolution

text: of

text: MTP

text: The

text: primary

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: MTP

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: exclusive

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: storage

text: device

text: the

text: way

text: UMS

text: does

text: alleviating

text: potential

text: problems

text: should

text: an

text: Android

text: program

text: request

text: the

text: storage

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: attached

text: to

text: a

text: computer

text: The

text: main

text: drawback

text: is

text: that

text: MTP

text: is

text: not

text: as

text: well

text: supported

text: outside

text: of

text: Windows

text: operating

text: systems

question: Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who?

answer: Microsoft

text: Microsoft

question: Why was Media Transfer Protocol designed?

answer: to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem

text: to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem

question: What was MTP originally designed for?

answer: use with portable media players

text: use with portable media players

question: Why has MTP become the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system?

answer: MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does

text: MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does


text: In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood. Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums. The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: In

text: the

text: Detroit

text: blues

text: artist

text: John

text: Lee

text: Hooker

text: became

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: resident

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: southwest

text: Delray

text: neighborhood

text: Hooker

text: among

text: other

text: important

text: blues

text: musicians

text: migrated

text: from

text: his

text: home

text: in

text: Mississippi

text: bringing

text: the

text: Delta

text: blues

text: to

text: northern

text: cities

text: like

text: Detroit

text: Hooker

text: recorded

text: for

text: Fortune

text: Records

text: the

text: biggest

text: pre

text: Motown

text: blues

text: soul

text: label

text: During

text: the

text: the

text: city

text: became

text: a

text: center

text: for

text: jazz

text: with

text: stars

text: performing

text: in

text: the

text: Black

text: Bottom

text: neighborhood

text: Prominent

text: emerging

text: Jazz

text: musicians

text: of

text: the

text: included

text: trumpet

text: player

text: Donald

text: Byrd

text: who

text: attended

text: Cass

text: Tech

text: and

text: performed

text: with

text: Art

text: Blakey

text: and

text: the

text: Jazz

text: Messengers

text: early

text: in

text: his

text: career

text: and

text: Saxophonist

text: Pepper

text: Adams

text: who

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: solo

text: career

text: and

text: accompanied

text: Byrd

text: on

text: several

text: albums

text: The

text: Graystone

text: International

text: Jazz

text: Museum

text: documents

text: jazz

text: in

text: Detroit

question: Which artist resided in Delray?

answer: John Lee Hooker

text: John Lee Hooker

question: Which musician attended Cass Tech?

answer: Donald Byrd

text: Donald Byrd

question: Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?

answer: Pepper Adams

text: Pepper Adams

question: What is the name of the jazz museum in Detroit?

answer: Graystone International Jazz Museum

text: Graystone International Jazz Museum

question: What type of music is John Lee Hooker known for?

answer: blues

text: blues


text: Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: colonial

text: history

text: has

text: long

text: since

text: been

text: a

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: its

text: national

text: identity

text: as

text: has

text: its

text: geographic

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: corner

text: of

text: Europe

text: looking

text: out

text: into

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: western

text: colonial

text: European

text: powers

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: its

text: overseas

text: territories

text: among

text: them

text: Angola

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: in

text: turning

text: over

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: Macau

text: to

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Consequently

text: it

text: has

text: both

text: influenced

text: and

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: cultures

text: from

text: former

text: colonies

text: or

text: dependencies

text: resulting

text: in

text: immigration

text: from

text: these

text: former

text: territories

text: for

text: both

text: economic

text: and/or

text: personal

text: reasons

text: Portugal

text: long

text: a

text: country

text: of

text: emigration

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Brazilians

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: ancestry

text: has

text: now

text: become

text: a

text: country

text: of

text: net

text: immigration

text: and

text: not

text: just

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: Indian

text: Portuguese

text: until

text: African

text: Portuguese

text: until

text: and

text: Far

text: East

text: Asian

text: Portuguese

text: until

text: overseas

text: territories

text: An

text: estimated

text: Portuguese

text: returned

text: to

text: Portugal

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: African

text: possessions

text: gained

text: independence

text: in

text: By

text: Portugal

text: had

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: whom

text: about

text: were

text: legal

text: immigrants

question: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?

answer: colonial history

text: colonial history

question: Which ocean does Portugal border?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?

answer: Angola and Mozambique

text: Angola and Mozambique

question: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?

answer: 10,617,575


text: Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño and La Niña caused by changes in ocean temperatures in the equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical storms and cyclones, while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200 to 400 mm (8 to 16 in) of rainfall per month. However, in 2011 a weak La Niña effect caused a drought by cooling the surface of the sea around Tuvalu. A state of emergency was declared on 28 September 2011; with rationing of fresh-water on the islands of Funafuti and Nukulaelae. Households on Funafuti and Nukulaelae were restricted to two buckets of fresh water per day (40 litres).

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Tuvalu

text: experiences

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: El

text: Niño

text: and

text: La

text: Niña

text: caused

text: by

text: changes

text: in

text: ocean

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: equatorial

text: and

text: central

text: Pacific

text: El

text: Niño

text: effects

text: increase

text: the

text: chances

text: of

text: tropical

text: storms

text: and

text: cyclones

text: while

text: La

text: Niña

text: effects

text: increase

text: the

text: chances

text: of

text: drought

text: Typically

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: receive

text: between

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

text: of

text: rainfall

text: per

text: month

text: However

text: in

text: a

text: weak

text: La

text: Niña

text: effect

text: caused

text: a

text: drought

text: by

text: cooling

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: around

text: Tuvalu

text: A

text: state

text: of

text: emergency

text: was

text: declared

text: on

text: September

text: with

text: rationing

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Funafuti

text: and

text: Nukulaelae

text: Households

text: on

text: Funafuti

text: and

text: Nukulaelae

text: were

text: restricted

text: to

text: two

text: buckets

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: per

text: day

text: litres

question: What specific ocean temperature conditions effect Tuvalu?

answer: El Niño and La Niña

text: El Niño and La Niña

question: Which effect causes increases in sea storms like cyclones?

answer: El Niño

text: El Niño

question: What temperature effect causes drought?

answer: La Niña

text: La Niña

question: What did a drought in 2011 cause on Funafuti?

answer: rationing of fresh-water

text: rationing of fresh-water

question: What is the usual amount of rainfall per month on Tuvalu?

answer: 200 to 400 mm

text: 200 to 400 mm


text: Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s, with a total of 64 certifications. Her songs "Crazy in Love", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", "Halo", and "Irreplaceable" are some of the best-selling singles of all time worldwide. In 2009, The Observer named her the Artist of the Decade and Billboard named her the Top Female Artist and Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade. In 2010, Billboard named her in their "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list at number 15. In 2012 VH1 ranked her third on their list of the "100 Greatest Women in Music". Beyoncé was the first female artist to be honored with the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards. She has also received the Legend Award at the 2008 World Music Awards and the Billboard Millennium Award at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: has

text: received

text: numerous

text: awards

text: As

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: she

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: albums

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: over

text: million

text: records

text: worldwide

text: a

text: further

text: million

text: additionally

text: with

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: making

text: her

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: The

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: RIAA

text: listed

text: Beyoncé

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: certified

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: certifications

text: Her

text: songs

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: Put

text: a

text: Ring

text: on

text: It

text: Halo

text: and

text: Irreplaceable

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: singles

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: worldwide

text: In

text: The

text: Observer

text: named

text: her

text: the

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Decade

text: and

text: Billboard

text: named

text: her

text: the

text: Top

text: Female

text: Artist

text: and

text: Top

text: Radio

text: Songs

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Decade

text: In

text: Billboard

text: named

text: her

text: in

text: their

text: Top

text: R&B

text: Hip

text: Hop

text: Artists

text: of

text: the

text: Past

text: Years

text: list

text: at

text: number

text: In

text: ranked

text: her

text: third

text: on

text: their

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Women

text: in

text: Music

text: Beyoncé

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: artist

text: to

text: be

text: honored

text: with

text: the

text: International

text: Artist

text: Award

text: at

text: the

text: American

text: Music

text: Awards

text: She

text: has

text: also

text: received

text: the

text: Legend

text: Award

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Music

text: Awards

text: and

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Millennium

text: Award

text: at

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Music

text: Awards

question: How many copies of her albums as Beyonce sold in the US?

answer: 15 million

text: 15 million

question: Totaling worldwide, how many records as Beyonce sold?

answer: 118 million

text: 118 million

question: How many certifications was Beyonce awarded by the RIAA?

answer: 64

question: When Beyonce was with Destiny's Child, how many albums did she manage to sell?

answer: 60 million

text: 60 million

question: Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards?

answer: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

question: How many albums has Beyonce as a solo artist sold in the U.S?

answer: 15 million

text: 15 million

question: How many has she sold worldwide?

answer: 118 million

text: 118 million

question: How many records has she sold with Destiny's Child?

answer: 60 million

text: 60 million

question: When did she receive the Legend Award?

answer: 2008 World Music Awards

text: 2008 World Music Awards

question: How many music certifications has she received in the 2000s?

answer: 64 certifications

text: 64 certifications

question: How many records has Beyoncé sold in the United States?

answer: over 15 million

text: over 15 million

question: How many records has Beyoncé sold throughout the world?

answer: over 118 million

text: over 118 million

question: Who cited Beyoncé as being the top certified artist of the 2000s?

answer: The Recording Industry Association of America

text: The Recording Industry Association of America

question: How many certifications did RIAA give Beyoncé?

answer: 64

question: When did Beyoncé receive the Legend Award?

answer: the 2008 World Music Awards

text: the 2008 World Music Awards


text: Orthodox Judaism considers views on the part of Jews who depart from traditional Jewish principles of faith heretical. In addition, the more right-wing groups within Orthodox Judaism hold that all Jews who reject the simple meaning of Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. As such, most of Orthodox Judaism considers Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism heretical movements, and regards most of Conservative Judaism as heretical. The liberal wing of Modern Orthodoxy is more tolerant of Conservative Judaism, particularly its right wing, as there is some theological and practical overlap between these groups.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: considers

text: views

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: Jews

text: who

text: depart

text: from

text: traditional

text: Jewish

text: principles

text: of

text: faith

text: heretical

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: more

text: right

text: wing

text: groups

text: within

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: hold

text: that

text: all

text: Jews

text: who

text: reject

text: the

text: simple

text: meaning

text: of

text: Maimonides

text: 's

text: principles

text: of

text: Jewish

text: faith

text: are

text: heretics

text: As

text: such

text: most

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: considers

text: Reform

text: and

text: Reconstructionist

text: Judaism

text: heretical

text: movements

text: and

text: regards

text: most

text: of

text: Conservative

text: Judaism

text: as

text: heretical

text: The

text: liberal

text: wing

text: of

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: is

text: more

text: tolerant

text: of

text: Conservative

text: Judaism

text: particularly

text: its

text: right

text: wing

text: as

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: theological

text: and

text: practical

text: overlap

text: between

text: these

text: groups

question: What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as?

answer: heretical

text: heretical

question: What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith?

answer: right-wing groups

text: right-wing groups

question: Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism?

answer: The liberal wing

text: The liberal wing


text: Sunlight may be stored as gravitational potential energy after it strikes the Earth, as (for example) water evaporates from oceans and is deposited upon mountains (where, after being released at a hydroelectric dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce electricity). Sunlight also drives many weather phenomena, save those generated by volcanic events. An example of a solar-mediated weather event is a hurricane, which occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: Sunlight

text: may

text: be

text: stored

text: as

text: gravitational

text: potential

text: energy

text: after

text: it

text: strikes

text: the

text: Earth

text: as

text: for

text: example

text: water

text: evaporates

text: from

text: oceans

text: and

text: is

text: deposited

text: upon

text: mountains

text: where

text: after

text: being

text: released

text: at

text: a

text: hydroelectric

text: dam

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: drive

text: turbines

text: or

text: generators

text: to

text: produce

text: electricity

text: Sunlight

text: also

text: drives

text: many

text: weather

text: phenomena

text: save

text: those

text: generated

text: by

text: volcanic

text: events

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: solar

text: mediated

text: weather

text: event

text: is

text: a

text: hurricane

text: which

text: occurs

text: when

text: large

text: unstable

text: areas

text: of

text: warm

text: ocean

text: heated

text: over

text: months

text: give

text: up

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: thermal

text: energy

text: suddenly

text: to

text: power

text: a

text: few

text: days

text: of

text: violent

text: air

text: movement

question: This drives many weather phenomena, save those generated by volcanic events.

answer: Sunlight

text: Sunlight

question: When may sunlight be stored as gravitational potential energy?

answer: after it strikes the Earth

text: after it strikes the Earth

question: What is an example of a solar-mediated weather event?

answer: hurricane

text: hurricane

question: What occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement?

answer: hurricane

text: hurricane


text: Hogarth then proceeds to say where and why in some detail, but no more mention is made of the classics. His analysis is geopolitical. His map delineates the Nearer East with regular lines as though surveyed. They include Iran, the Balkans, but not the Danube lands, Egypt, but not the rest of North Africa. Except for the Balkans, the region matches the later Middle East. It differs from the Ottoman Empire of the times in including Greece and Iran. Hogarth gives no evidence of being familiar with the contemporaneous initial concept of the Middle East.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Hogarth

text: then

text: proceeds

text: to

text: say

text: where

text: and

text: why

text: in

text: some

text: detail

text: but

text: no

text: more

text: mention

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: the

text: classics

text: His

text: analysis

text: is

text: geopolitical

text: His

text: map

text: delineates

text: the

text: Nearer

text: East

text: with

text: regular

text: lines

text: as

text: though

text: surveyed

text: They

text: include

text: Iran

text: the

text: Balkans

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: Danube

text: lands

text: Egypt

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: Except

text: for

text: the

text: Balkans

text: the

text: region

text: matches

text: the

text: later

text: Middle

text: East

text: It

text: differs

text: from

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: of

text: the

text: times

text: in

text: including

text: Greece

text: and

text: Iran

text: Hogarth

text: gives

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: being

text: familiar

text: with

text: the

text: contemporaneous

text: initial

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

question: What does Hogarth say in detail?

answer: where and why

text: where and why

question: Hogarth makes no mention of what?

answer: the classics

text: the classics

question: How is Hogarth's analysis?

answer: geopolitical

text: geopolitical


text: Rumors began swirling with regards to bringing the AFL back to Austin and San Antonio, Texas. Both cities have hosted franchises in the past (Austin Wranglers, San Antonio Force and San Antonio Talons), but an AFL spokesman, BJ Pickard, was quoted as saying, "News to me." Announcements have yet to be made on any sort of expansion plans. An expected "big announcement" on Friday, October 30 at a San Antonio Spurs game never came to fruition.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: Rumors

text: began

text: swirling

text: with

text: regards

text: to

text: bringing

text: the

text: AFL

text: back

text: to

text: Austin

text: and

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Texas

text: Both

text: cities

text: have

text: hosted

text: franchises

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: Austin

text: Wranglers

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Force

text: and

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Talons

text: but

text: an

text: AFL

text: spokesman

text: BJ

text: Pickard

text: was

text: quoted

text: as

text: saying

text: News

text: to

text: me

text: Announcements

text: have

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: on

text: any

text: sort

text: of

text: expansion

text: plans

text: An

text: expected

text: big

text: announcement

text: on

text: Friday

text: October

text: at

text: a

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Spurs

text: game

text: never

text: came

text: to

text: fruition

question: What day of the week was October 30, 2015?

answer: Friday

text: Friday

question: At what team's game was an announcement by the AFL supposed to happen on October 30?

answer: San Antonio Spurs

text: San Antonio Spurs

question: Who worked as an AFL spokesman during this period?

answer: BJ Pickard

text: BJ Pickard

question: What prior AFL franchise was based in Austin?

answer: Austin Wranglers

text: Austin Wranglers

question: Along with the San Antonio Talons, what AFL franchise did San Antonio host at one time?

answer: San Antonio Force

text: San Antonio Force


text: Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Urban

text: AC

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: AC

text: music

text: geared

text: towards

text: adult

text: African

text: American

text: audiences

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: artists

text: that

text: are

text: played

text: on

text: these

text: stations

text: are

text: most

text: often

text: black

text: such

text: as

text: Des'ree

text: whose

text: album

text: I

text: Ai

text: n't

text: Movin

text: was

text: massively

text: popular

text: amongst

text: both

text: African

text: American

text: audience

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: wider

text: national

text: audience

question: What age group is Urban AC focused towards?

answer: adult

text: adult

question: What race is the target demographic of Urban AC radio?

answer: African-American

text: African-American

question: Who is an example of an artist played on Urban AC format radio stations?

answer: Des'ree

text: Des'ree

question: What is the name of the popular album released by Des'ree?

answer: I Ain't Movin'

text: I Ain't Movin'

question: What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?

answer: black

text: black


text: Plymouth's early history extends to the Bronze Age, when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten. This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton, now called Plymouth. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: 's

text: early

text: history

text: extends

text: to

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: when

text: a

text: first

text: settlement

text: emerged

text: at

text: Mount

text: Batten

text: This

text: settlement

text: continued

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: post

text: for

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: surpassed

text: by

text: the

text: more

text: prosperous

text: village

text: of

text: Sutton

text: now

text: called

text: Plymouth

text: In

text: the

text: Pilgrim

text: Fathers

text: departed

text: Plymouth

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: and

text: established

text: Plymouth

text: Colony

text: the

text: second

text: English

text: settlement

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: During

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: town

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Parliamentarians

text: and

text: was

text: besieged

text: between

text: and

question: What was the location of the earliest settlement near Plymouth?

answer: Mount Batten

text: Mount Batten

question: What was Plymouth's original name?

answer: Sutton

text: Sutton

question: In what year did the Pilgrim Fathers sail from Plymouth?

answer: 1620

question: When did the siege of Plymouth end during the English Civil War?

answer: 1646

question: What was the name of the colony founded by the Pilgrim Fathers in the New World?

answer: Plymouth Colony

text: Plymouth Colony


text: Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney. The Houston area is the top U.S. market for exports, surpassing New York City in 2013, according to data released by the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration. In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3 billion in merchandise exports. Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for approximately two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. The Top 3 destinations for exports were Mexico, Canada, and Brazil.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Houston

text: is

text: recognized

text: worldwide

text: for

text: its

text: energy

text: industry

text: particularly

text: for

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: biomedical

text: research

text: and

text: aeronautics

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: sources

text: wind

text: and

text: solar

text: are

text: also

text: growing

text: economic

text: bases

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Houston

text: Ship

text: Channel

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: Houston

text: 's

text: economic

text: base

text: Because

text: of

text: these

text: strengths

text: Houston

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: a

text: global

text: city

text: by

text: the

text: Globalization

text: and

text: World

text: Cities

text: Study

text: Group

text: and

text: Network

text: and

text: global

text: management

text: consulting

text: firm

text: A.T.

text: Kearney

text: The

text: Houston

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: top

text: U.S.

text: market

text: for

text: exports

text: surpassing

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: in

text: according

text: to

text: data

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Commerce

text: 's

text: International

text: Trade

text: Administration

text: In

text: the

text: Houston

text: The

text: Woodlands

text: Sugar

text: Land

text: area

text: recorded

text: billion

text: in

text: merchandise

text: exports

text: Petroleum

text: products

text: chemicals

text: and

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: extraction

text: equipment

text: accounted

text: for

text: approximately

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: 's

text: exports

text: last

text: year

text: The

text: Top

text: destinations

text: for

text: exports

text: were

text: Mexico

text: Canada

text: and

text: Brazil

question: Besides oil and gas, what is Houston known for?

answer: biomedical research and aeronautics

text: biomedical research and aeronautics

question: What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy?

answer: Houston Ship Channel

text: Houston Ship Channel

question: What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston?

answer: global city

text: global city

question: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?

answer: market for exports

text: market for exports

question: How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?

answer: $110.3 billion

text: $110.3 billion


text: In 1996, Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld, a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71% of the vote. The race was covered nationwide as one of the most closely watched Senate races that year. Kerry and Weld held several debates and negotiated a campaign spending cap of $6.9 million at Kerry's Beacon Hill townhouse. Both candidates spent more than the cap, with each camp accusing the other of being first to break the agreement. During the campaign, Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention. Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld's 45 percent.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: In

text: Kerry

text: faced

text: a

text: difficult

text: re

text: election

text: fight

text: against

text: Governor

text: William

text: Weld

text: a

text: popular

text: Republican

text: incumbent

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: re

text: elected

text: in

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: The

text: race

text: was

text: covered

text: nationwide

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: closely

text: watched

text: Senate

text: races

text: that

text: year

text: Kerry

text: and

text: Weld

text: held

text: several

text: debates

text: and

text: negotiated

text: a

text: campaign

text: spending

text: cap

text: of

text: million

text: at

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: Beacon

text: Hill

text: townhouse

text: Both

text: candidates

text: spent

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: cap

text: with

text: each

text: camp

text: accusing

text: the

text: other

text: of

text: being

text: first

text: to

text: break

text: the

text: agreement

text: During

text: the

text: campaign

text: Kerry

text: spoke

text: briefly

text: at

text: the

text: Democratic

text: National

text: Convention

text: Kerry

text: won

text: re

text: election

text: with

text: percent

text: to

text: Weld

text: 's

text: percent

question: Who ran against Kerry in 1996?

answer: William Weld

text: William Weld

question: When Weld was re-elected governor, how much of the vote did he get?

answer: 71%

question: When was Weld re-elected governor?

answer: 1994

question: What did Kerry and Weld agree to limit their campaign spending to?

answer: $6.9 million

text: $6.9 million

question: Who broke the agreed-upon spending cap?

answer: Both candidates

text: Both candidates


text: In June 1990, The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles ("Mr", "Mrs", or "Miss" prefixes) for living persons before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. The more formal style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page, though "Ms" is now acceptable in that section, as well as before surnames in news sections.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: In

text: June

text: The

text: Times

text: ceased

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: using

text: courtesy

text: titles

text: Mr

text: Mrs

text: or

text: Miss

text: prefixes

text: for

text: living

text: persons

text: before

text: full

text: names

text: on

text: first

text: reference

text: but

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: use

text: them

text: before

text: surnames

text: on

text: subsequent

text: references

text: The

text: more

text: formal

text: style

text: is

text: now

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: Court

text: and

text: Social

text: page

text: though

text: Ms

text: is

text: now

text: acceptable

text: in

text: that

text: section

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: before

text: surnames

text: in

text: news

text: sections

question: In what year did The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles for living persons before full names on first reference?

answer: 1990

question: What kind of style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page of The Times when referring to the use of courtesy titles?

answer: formal style

text: formal style

question: When The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles, it continued to use them for what kind of name on references after the first?

answer: surnames

text: surnames


text: A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: A

text: cappella

text: music

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: in

text: religious

text: music

text: especially

text: church

text: music

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: anasheed

text: and

text: zemirot

text: Gregorian

text: chant

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: cappella

text: singing

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: secular

text: vocal

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: The

text: madrigal

text: up

text: until

text: its

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Baroque

text: into

text: an

text: instrumentally

text: accompanied

text: form

text: is

text: also

text: usually

text: in

text: a

text: cappella

text: form

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Christian

text: music

text: were

text: originally

text: a

text: cappella,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: this

text: practice

text: has

text: continued

text: in

text: both

text: of

text: these

text: religions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Islam

question: What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?

answer: religious music

text: religious music

question: What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period?

answer: The madrigal

text: The madrigal

question: The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella?

answer: instrumentally-accompanied

text: instrumentally-accompanied

question: In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance


text: The best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli "nidāna" meaning "cause, foundation, source or origin"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: best

text: known

text: application

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: pratītyasamutpāda

text: is

text: the

text: scheme

text: of

text: Twelve

text: Nidānas

text: from

text: Pāli

text: nidāna

text: meaning

text: cause

text: foundation

text: source

text: or

text: origin

text: which

text: explain

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: cycle

text: of

text: suffering

text: and

text: rebirth

text: saṃsāra

text: in

text: detail.[note

question: What is the most common application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda?

answer: the scheme of Twelve Nidānas

text: the scheme of Twelve Nidānas

question: What does the scheme of Twelve Nidānas explain?

answer: the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.

text: the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.

question: An application of the idea of pratityasamutpada is the scheme of what?

answer: Twelve Nidānas

text: Twelve Nidānas

question: What doe nidana mean?

answer: cause, foundation, source or origin

text: cause, foundation, source or origin


text: A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history. Amir Arsalan was also a popular mythical Persian story, which has influenced some modern works of fantasy fiction, such as The Heroic Legend of Arslan.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: A

text: famous

text: example

text: of

text: Arabic

text: poetry

text: and

text: Persian

text: poetry

text: on

text: romance

text: love

text: is

text: Layla

text: and

text: Majnun

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: era

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: tragic

text: story

text: of

text: undying

text: love

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: later

text: Romeo

text: and

text: Juliet

text: which

text: was

text: itself

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inspired

text: by

text: a

text: Latin

text: version

text: of

text: Layla

text: and

text: Majnun

text: to

text: an

text: extent

text: Ferdowsi

text: 's

text: Shahnameh

text: the

text: national

text: epic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: a

text: mythical

text: and

text: heroic

text: retelling

text: of

text: Persian

text: history

text: Amir

text: Arsalan

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: popular

text: mythical

text: Persian

text: story

text: which

text: has

text: influenced

text: some

text: modern

text: works

text: of

text: fantasy

text: fiction

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Heroic

text: Legend

text: of

text: Arslan

question: Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?

answer: Arabic poetry and Persian poetry

text: Arabic poetry and Persian poetry

question: Which era is Layla and Majnun from?

answer: Umayyad era

text: Umayyad era

question: In what century does Layla and Majnun originate?

answer: 7th century

text: 7th century

question: What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?

answer: a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history

text: a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history

question: Who wrote Shahnameh?

answer: Ferdowsi

text: Ferdowsi


text: Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president. Bush's approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected mastermind of the September 11 attacks. By December, the Taliban had been removed as rulers of Kabul, although a long and ongoing reconstruction would follow, severely hampered by ongoing turmoil and violence within the country.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: Just

text: eight

text: months

text: into

text: his

text: presidency

text: the

text: terrorist

text: attacks

text: of

text: September

text: suddenly

text: transformed

text: Bush

text: into

text: a

text: wartime

text: president

text: Bush

text: 's

text: approval

text: ratings

text: surged

text: to

text: near

text: Within

text: a

text: month

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: a

text: coalition

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: entered

text: Afghanistan

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: sheltering

text: Osama

text: bin

text: Laden

text: suspected

text: mastermind

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: By

text: December

text: the

text: Taliban

text: had

text: been

text: removed

text: as

text: rulers

text: of

text: Kabul

text: although

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: ongoing

text: reconstruction

text: would

text: follow

text: severely

text: hampered

text: by

text: ongoing

text: turmoil

text: and

text: violence

text: within

text: the

text: country

question: What even occured during Bush's presidency that made him become a wartime president?

answer: terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

text: terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

question: How long into Bush's presidency did tragedy occur on American soil?

answer: eight months

text: eight months

question: Did Bush become disfavorable during the time of the 9/11 attacks?

answer: surged to near 90%

text: surged to near 90%

question: How long did it take for the US military to respond by infiltrating Afghanistan?

answer: Within a month

text: Within a month

question: By which month, were the Taliban no longer controlling Kabul?

answer: December

text: December


text: During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: During

text: the

text: Eocene

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: the

text: continents

text: continued

text: to

text: drift

text: toward

text: their

text: present

text: positions

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: Australia

text: and

text: Antarctica

text: remained

text: connected

text: and

text: warm

text: equatorial

text: currents

text: mixed

text: with

text: colder

text: Antarctic

text: waters

text: distributing

text: the

text: heat

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: keeping

text: global

text: temperatures

text: high

text: But

text: when

text: Australia

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: continent

text: around

text: Ma

text: the

text: warm

text: equatorial

text: currents

text: were

text: deflected

text: away

text: from

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: an

text: isolated

text: cold

text: water

text: channel

text: developed

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: continents

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: region

text: cooled

text: down

text: and

text: the

text: ocean

text: surrounding

text: Antarctica

text: began

text: to

text: freeze

text: sending

text: cold

text: water

text: and

text: ice

text: floes

text: north

text: reinforcing

text: the

text: cooling

text: The

text: present

text: pattern

text: of

text: ice

text: ages

text: began

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago.[citation

text: needed

question: During what years did the Eocene period take place?

answer: 56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago

text: 56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago

question: Australia was connected to which other continent at the start of the Eocene?

answer: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

question: How long ago did Antarctica and Australia split?

answer: around 45 Ma

text: around 45 Ma

question: Around how many years ago is the current ice age pattern believed to have begun?

answer: 40 million years

text: 40 million years

question: The mixing of equatorial currents with Antarctic waters in the Eocene resulted in what?

answer: keeping global temperatures high

text: keeping global temperatures high


text: Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%).

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Census

text: wise

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: population

text: chart

text: followed

text: by

text: Tripura

text: at

text: place

text: Kangra

text: district

text: was

text: top

text: ranked

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: strength

text: of

text: Mandi

text: district

text: Shimla

text: district

text: Solan

text: district

text: Sirmaur

text: district

text: Una

text: district

text: Chamba

text: district

text: Hamirpur

text: district

text: Kullu

text: district

text: Bilaspur

text: district

text: Kinnaur

text: district

text: and

text: Lahaul

text: Spiti

question: Where did the state place on population chart?

answer: 21st

question: Who was 22nd of chart?

answer: Tripura

text: Tripura

question: Who was top ranked in population strength?

answer: Kangra district

text: Kangra district

question: Who was last in population strength?

answer: Lahaul Spiti

text: Lahaul Spiti


text: Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A 2011 IEA report said: "A portfolio of renewable energy technologies is becoming cost-competitive in an increasingly broad range of circumstances, in some cases providing investment opportunities without the need for specific economic support," and added that "cost reductions in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue." As of 2011[update], there have been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies:

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: are

text: getting

text: cheaper

text: through

text: technological

text: change

text: and

text: through

text: the

text: benefits

text: of

text: mass

text: production

text: and

text: market

text: competition

text: A

text: IEA

text: report

text: said

text: A

text: portfolio

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: is

text: becoming

text: cost

text: competitive

text: in

text: an

text: increasingly

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: circumstances

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: providing

text: investment

text: opportunities

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: specific

text: economic

text: support

text: and

text: added

text: that

text: cost

text: reductions

text: in

text: critical

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: wind

text: and

text: solar

text: are

text: set

text: to

text: continue

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: substantial

text: reductions

text: in

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: solar

text: and

text: wind

text: technologies

question: What is getting cheaper as a result of technilogical change?

answer: Renewable energy technologies

text: Renewable energy technologies

question: As of what year have there been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies?

answer: 2011

question: What group stated that "cost reductions in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue?"

answer: IEA

text: IEA


text: In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that information is maintained over short periods of time. Finally the third process is the retrieval of information that has been stored. Such information must be located and returned to the consciousness. Some retrieval attempts may be effortless due to the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: In

text: psychology

text: memory

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: information

text: is

text: encoded

text: stored

text: and

text: retrieved

text: Encoding

text: allows

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: sensed

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: chemical

text: and

text: physical

text: stimuli

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: stage

text: the

text: information

text: must

text: be

text: changed

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: put

text: into

text: the

text: encoding

text: process

text: Storage

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: memory

text: stage

text: or

text: process

text: This

text: entails

text: that

text: information

text: is

text: maintained

text: over

text: short

text: periods

text: of

text: time

text: Finally

text: the

text: third

text: process

text: is

text: the

text: retrieval

text: of

text: information

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: stored

text: Such

text: information

text: must

text: be

text: located

text: and

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: consciousness

text: Some

text: retrieval

text: attempts

text: may

text: be

text: effortless

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: information

text: and

text: other

text: attempts

text: to

text: remember

text: stored

text: information

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: demanding

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

question: Which three processes does phychology recognize as memory?

answer: process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

text: process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

question: Why may some memory retrieval processes fail?

answer: the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons.

text: the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons.

question: What happens to information during the encoding process?

answer: g allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli.

text: g allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli.

question: What is the second memory stage?

answer: Storage

text: Storage

question: What is the third process that happens during the memory process?

answer: retrieval of information that has been stored

text: retrieval of information that has been stored


text: The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport and airport security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (ICE-HSI) has nearly the same amount of investigative man power as the FBI, and investigates the largest range of crimes. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, then-Attorney General Ashcroft assigned the FBI as the designated lead organization in terrorism investigations after the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE-HSI and the FBI are both integral members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: often

text: works

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: other

text: Federal

text: agencies

text: including

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: USCG

text: and

text: U.S.

text: Customs

text: and

text: Border

text: Protection

text: CBP

text: in

text: seaport

text: and

text: airport

text: security

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Transportation

text: Safety

text: Board

text: in

text: investigating

text: airplane

text: crashes

text: and

text: other

text: critical

text: incidents

text: Immigration

text: and

text: Customs

text: Enforcement

text: Homeland

text: Security

text: Investigations

text: ICE

text: HSI

text: has

text: nearly

text: the

text: same

text: amount

text: of

text: investigative

text: man

text: power

text: as

text: the

text: FBI

text: and

text: investigates

text: the

text: largest

text: range

text: of

text: crimes

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: then

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Ashcroft

text: assigned

text: the

text: FBI

text: as

text: the

text: designated

text: lead

text: organization

text: in

text: terrorism

text: investigations

text: after

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Homeland

text: Security

text: ICE

text: HSI

text: and

text: the

text: FBI

text: are

text: both

text: integral

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Terrorism

text: Task

text: Force

question: When does the FBI work with the US Coast Guard and US Customs and Board Protection?

answer: seaport and airport security

text: seaport and airport security

question: When does the FBI work with the National Transportation Safety Board?

answer: investigating airplane crashes

text: investigating airplane crashes

question: What organization in the US government investigates the largest array of crimes?

answer: ICE-HSI

text: ICE-HSI

question: What organization did General Ashcroft assign to lead organization in terrorism investigations?

answer: FBI

text: FBI

question: What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?

answer: Joint Terrorism Task Force

text: Joint Terrorism Task Force


text: David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: David

text: Attenborough

text: was

text: later

text: granted

text: sabbatical

text: leave

text: from

text: his

text: job

text: as

text: Controller

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: BBC

text: Natural

text: History

text: Unit

text: which

text: had

text: existed

text: since

text: the

text: This

text: unit

text: is

text: now

text: famed

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: producing

text: high

text: quality

text: programmes

text: with

text: Attenborough

text: such

text: as

text: Life

text: on

text: Earth

text: The

text: Private

text: Life

text: of

text: Plants

text: The

text: Blue

text: Planet

text: The

text: Life

text: of

text: Mammals

text: Planet

text: Earth

text: and

text: Frozen

text: Planet

question: Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical?

answer: BBC Natural History Unit

text: BBC Natural History Unit

question: When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?

answer: the 1950s

text: the 1950s

question: What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?

answer: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet

text: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet


text: An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of the populations of small objects observed in the trans-Neptunian region. The current most widely accepted explanation of the details of this hypothesis is known as the Nice model, which explores the effect of a migrating Neptune and the other giant planets on the structure of the Kuiper belt.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: An

text: alternative

text: concept

text: is

text: that

text: they

text: formed

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: where

text: the

text: matter

text: density

text: was

text: higher

text: and

text: then

text: subsequently

text: migrated

text: to

text: their

text: current

text: orbits

text: after

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: gaseous

text: protoplanetary

text: disc

text: This

text: hypothesis

text: of

text: migration

text: after

text: formation

text: is

text: favoured

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: better

text: explain

text: the

text: occupancy

text: of

text: the

text: populations

text: of

text: small

text: objects

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: trans

text: Neptunian

text: region

text: The

text: current

text: most

text: widely

text: accepted

text: explanation

text: of

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: this

text: hypothesis

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Nice

text: model

text: which

text: explores

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: a

text: migrating

text: Neptune

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: giant

text: planets

text: on

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Kuiper

text: belt

question: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what is the matter density?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what caused it to migrate to it's current orbit?

answer: removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc

text: removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc

question: What is the most widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called?

answer: the Nice model

text: the Nice model

question: What does The Nice model consider effected the migration of Neptune?

answer: Kuiper belt.

text: Kuiper belt.


text: Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: was

text: born

text: on

text: January

text: in

text: Bakos

text: Alexandria

text: the

text: first

text: son

text: of

text: Fahima

text: and

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: Hussein

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: father

text: was

text: a

text: postal

text: worker

text: born

text: in

text: Beni

text: Mur

text: in

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: his

text: mother

text: 's

text: family

text: came

text: from

text: Mallawi

text: el

text: Minya

text: His

text: parents

text: married

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: had

text: two

text: more

text: boys

text: Izz

text: al

text: Arab

text: and

text: al

text: Leithi

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: biographers

text: Robert

text: Stephens

text: and

text: Said

text: Aburish

text: wrote

text: that

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: family

text: believed

text: strongly

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: notion

text: of

text: glory

text: since

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: brother

text: Izz

text: al

text: Arab

text: translates

text: to

text: Glory

text: of

text: the

text: Arabs

text: a

text: rare

text: name

text: in

text: Egypt

question: What was Nasser's father's occupation?

answer: postal worker

text: postal worker

question: In what city was Nasser raised?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: What year was Nasser born?

answer: 1918

question: What does Nasser's brother's name translate to?

answer: Glory of the Arabs

text: Glory of the Arabs

question: What siblings did Nasser have?

answer: two more boys

text: two more boys


text: Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants" and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange. Other scholars argue that the primary stimulus for agriculture and domesticated animals (as well as mud-brick architecture and other Neolithic cultural features) in Egypt was from the Middle East.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Domestication

text: of

text: sheep

text: and

text: goats

text: reached

text: Egypt

text: from

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: possibly

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BC

text: Graeme

text: Barker

text: states

text: The

text: first

text: indisputable

text: evidence

text: for

text: domestic

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: Nile

text: valley

text: is

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: fifth

text: millennium

text: bc

text: in

text: northern

text: Egypt

text: and

text: a

text: thousand

text: years

text: later

text: further

text: south

text: in

text: both

text: cases

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: strategies

text: that

text: still

text: relied

text: heavily

text: on

text: fishing

text: hunting

text: and

text: the

text: gathering

text: of

text: wild

text: plants

text: and

text: suggests

text: that

text: these

text: subsistence

text: changes

text: were

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: farmers

text: migrating

text: from

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: but

text: was

text: an

text: indigenous

text: development

text: with

text: cereals

text: either

text: indigenous

text: or

text: obtained

text: through

text: exchange

text: Other

text: scholars

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: primary

text: stimulus

text: for

text: agriculture

text: and

text: domesticated

text: animals

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: mud

text: brick

text: architecture

text: and

text: other

text: Neolithic

text: cultural

text: features

text: in

text: Egypt

text: was

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

question: When did the domestication of sheep first appear in Egypt?

answer: 6,000 BC

text: 6,000 BC

question: How did Egyptians gather food before raising livestock?

answer: fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants

text: fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants

question: What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture?

answer: the Middle East

text: the Middle East


text: On 20 June 1794, Burke received a vote of thanks from the Commons for his services in the Hastings Trial and he immediately resigned his seat, being replaced by his son Richard. A tragic blow fell upon Burke with the loss of Richard in August 1794, to whom he was tenderly attached, and in whom he saw signs of promise, which were not patent to others and which, in fact, appear to have been non-existent (though this view may have rather reflected the fact that Richard Burke had worked successfully in the early battle for Catholic emancipation). King George III, whose favour he had gained by his attitude on the French Revolution, wished to create him Earl of Beaconsfield, but the death of his son deprived the opportunity of such an honour and all its attractions, so the only award he would accept was a pension of £2,500. Even this modest reward was attacked by the Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale, to whom Burke replied in his Letter to a Noble Lord (1796): "It cannot at this time be too often repeated; line upon line; precept upon precept; until it comes into the currency of a proverb, To innovate is not to reform". He argued that he was rewarded on merit, but the Duke of Bedford received his rewards from inheritance alone, his ancestor being the original pensioner: "Mine was from a mild and benevolent sovereign; his from Henry the Eighth". Burke also hinted at what would happen to such people if their revolutionary ideas were implemented, and included a description of the British constitution:

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: On

text: June

text: Burke

text: received

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: thanks

text: from

text: the

text: Commons

text: for

text: his

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: Hastings

text: Trial

text: and

text: he

text: immediately

text: resigned

text: his

text: seat

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: his

text: son

text: Richard

text: A

text: tragic

text: blow

text: fell

text: upon

text: Burke

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: Richard

text: in

text: August

text: to

text: whom

text: he

text: was

text: tenderly

text: attached

text: and

text: in

text: whom

text: he

text: saw

text: signs

text: of

text: promise

text: which

text: were

text: not

text: patent

text: to

text: others

text: and

text: which

text: in

text: fact

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: non

text: existent

text: though

text: this

text: view

text: may

text: have

text: rather

text: reflected

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Richard

text: Burke

text: had

text: worked

text: successfully

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: battle

text: for

text: Catholic

text: emancipation

text: King

text: George

text: III

text: whose

text: favour

text: he

text: had

text: gained

text: by

text: his

text: attitude

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: wished

text: to

text: create

text: him

text: Earl

text: of

text: Beaconsfield

text: but

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: deprived

text: the

text: opportunity

text: of

text: such

text: an

text: honour

text: and

text: all

text: its

text: attractions

text: so

text: the

text: only

text: award

text: he

text: would

text: accept

text: was

text: a

text: pension

text: of

text: Even

text: this

text: modest

text: reward

text: was

text: attacked

text: by

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Bedford

text: and

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Lauderdale

text: to

text: whom

text: Burke

text: replied

text: in

text: his

text: Letter

text: to

text: a

text: Noble

text: Lord

text: It

text: can

text: not

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: be

text: too

text: often

text: repeated

text: line

text: upon

text: line

text: precept

text: upon

text: precept

text: until

text: it

text: comes

text: into

text: the

text: currency

text: of

text: a

text: proverb

text: To

text: innovate

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: reform

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: rewarded

text: on

text: merit

text: but

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Bedford

text: received

text: his

text: rewards

text: from

text: inheritance

text: alone

text: his

text: ancestor

text: being

text: the

text: original

text: pensioner

text: Mine

text: was

text: from

text: a

text: mild

text: and

text: benevolent

text: sovereign

text: his

text: from

text: Henry

text: the

text: Eighth

text: Burke

text: also

text: hinted

text: at

text: what

text: would

text: happen

text: to

text: such

text: people

text: if

text: their

text: revolutionary

text: ideas

text: were

text: implemented

text: and

text: included

text: a

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: constitution

question: When did Burke receive a vote of thanks?

answer: 20 June 1794

text: 20 June 1794

question: When did Burke's son die?

answer: August 1794

text: August 1794

question: What did King George III want to make Burke an Earl of?

answer: Beaconsfield

text: Beaconsfield

question: How much money did Burke accept instead of the Earlship?

answer: £2,500

question: Who attacked Burke for receiving recognition from King George III?

answer: Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale

text: Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale


text: Hidalgo is hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustin de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821. Shortly after gaining independence, the day to celebrate it varied between September 16, the day of Hidalgo's Grito, and September 27, the day Iturbide rode into Mexico City to end the war. Later, political movements would favor the more liberal Hidalgo over the conservative Iturbide, so that eventually September 16, 1810 became the officially recognized day of Mexican independence. The reason for this is that Hidalgo is considered to be "precursor and creator of the rest of the heroes of the (Mexican War of) Independence." Hidalgo has become an icon for Mexicans who resist tyranny in the country. Diego Rivera painted Hidalgo's image in half a dozen murals. José Clemente Orozco depicted him with a flaming torch of liberty and considered the painting among his best work. David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned by San Nicolas University in Morelia to paint a mural for a celebration commemorating the 200th anniversary of Hidalgo's birth. The town of his parish was renamed Dolores Hidalgo in his honor and the state of Hidalgo was created in 1869. Every year on the night of 15–16 September, the president of Mexico re-enacts the Grito from the balcony of the National Palace. This scene is repeated by the heads of cities and towns all over Mexico. The remains of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lie in the column of the Angel of Independence in Mexico City. Next to it is a lamp lit to represent the sacrifice of those who gave their lives for Mexican Independence.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Hidalgo

text: is

text: hailed

text: as

text: the

text: Father

text: of

text: the

text: Nation

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: Agustin

text: de

text: Iturbide

text: and

text: not

text: Hidalgo

text: who

text: achieved

text: Mexican

text: Independence

text: in

text: Shortly

text: after

text: gaining

text: independence

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: celebrate

text: it

text: varied

text: between

text: September

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: 's

text: Grito

text: and

text: September

text: the

text: day

text: Iturbide

text: rode

text: into

text: Mexico

text: City

text: to

text: end

text: the

text: war

text: Later

text: political

text: movements

text: would

text: favor

text: the

text: more

text: liberal

text: Hidalgo

text: over

text: the

text: conservative

text: Iturbide

text: so

text: that

text: eventually

text: September

text: became

text: the

text: officially

text: recognized

text: day

text: of

text: Mexican

text: independence

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: Hidalgo

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: precursor

text: and

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: heroes

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Hidalgo

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: icon

text: for

text: Mexicans

text: who

text: resist

text: tyranny

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Diego

text: Rivera

text: painted

text: Hidalgo

text: 's

text: image

text: in

text: half

text: a

text: dozen

text: murals

text: José

text: Clemente

text: Orozco

text: depicted

text: him

text: with

text: a

text: flaming

text: torch

text: of

text: liberty

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: painting

text: among

text: his

text: best

text: work

text: David

text: Alfaro

text: Siqueiros

text: was

text: commissioned

text: by

text: San

text: Nicolas

text: University

text: in

text: Morelia

text: to

text: paint

text: a

text: mural

text: for

text: a

text: celebration

text: commemorating

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: 's

text: birth

text: The

text: town

text: of

text: his

text: parish

text: was

text: renamed

text: Dolores

text: Hidalgo

text: in

text: his

text: honor

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: Every

text: year

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: September

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: Mexico

text: re

text: enacts

text: the

text: Grito

text: from

text: the

text: balcony

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Palace

text: This

text: scene

text: is

text: repeated

text: by

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: cities

text: and

text: towns

text: all

text: over

text: Mexico

text: The

text: remains

text: of

text: Miguel

text: Hidalgo

text: y

text: Costilla

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: column

text: of

text: the

text: Angel

text: of

text: Independence

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Next

text: to

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: lamp

text: lit

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: gave

text: their

text: lives

text: for

text: Mexican

text: Independence

question: Who was hailed as the Father of the Nation?

answer: Hidalgo

text: Hidalgo

question: Who actually achieved independence for the nation?

answer: Agustin de Iturbide

text: Agustin de Iturbide

question: Which day eventually became the official day of Mexican Independence?

answer: September 16, 1810

text: September 16, 1810

question: Who painted Hidalgo's image on half a dozen murals?

answer: Diego Rivera

text: Diego Rivera

question: In which city do Hidalgo's remains lie?

answer: Mexico City.

text: Mexico City.


text: The term Nederduits, however introduced new confusion, since the non standardised dialects spoken in the north of Germany came to be known as Niederdeutsch as well, and thus the Duits reference in the name was dropped, leading to Nederlands as designation to refer to the Dutch language. The repeated use of Neder (or "low") to refer to the Dutch language is a reference to the Netherlands' downriver location at the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta near the North Sea, harking back to Latin nomenclature, e.g. Germania Inferior. See also: Netherlands (toponymy).

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: The

text: term

text: Nederduits

text: however

text: introduced

text: new

text: confusion

text: since

text: the

text: non

text: standardised

text: dialects

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Germany

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: Niederdeutsch

text: as

text: well

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: Duits

text: reference

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: dropped

text: leading

text: to

text: Nederlands

text: as

text: designation

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Dutch

text: language

text: The

text: repeated

text: use

text: of

text: Neder

text: or

text: low

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Dutch

text: language

text: is

text: a

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: downriver

text: location

text: at

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Meuse

text: Scheldt

text: delta

text: near

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: harking

text: back

text: to

text: Latin

text: nomenclature

text: e.g.

text: Germania

text: Inferior

text: See

text: also

text: Netherlands

text: toponymy

question: What was the new word for Dutch that still caused some confusion with the language spoken in Germany?

answer: Nederduits

text: Nederduits

question: What does the word "Neder" translate to in English?

answer: low

text: low

question: The Netherlands are "low" because of their placement near what delta by the North Sea?

answer: Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta

text: Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta

question: What language started the trend of referring to the Netherlands as "Germania Inferior"?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: "Nederduits" often caused people to mix up the language of the Netherlands with that spoken in what directional area of Germany?

answer: north

text: north


text: Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: central

text: city

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: following

text: the

text: plan

text: by

text: William

text: Penn

text: 's

text: surveyor

text: Thomas

text: Holme

text: Center

text: City

text: is

text: structured

text: with

text: long

text: straight

text: streets

text: running

text: east

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: south

text: forming

text: a

text: grid

text: pattern

text: The

text: original

text: city

text: plan

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: easy

text: travel

text: and

text: to

text: keep

text: residences

text: separated

text: by

text: open

text: space

text: that

text: would

text: help

text: prevent

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: fire

text: The

text: Delaware

text: River

text: and

text: Schuylkill

text: Rivers

text: served

text: as

text: early

text: boundaries

text: between

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: early

text: street

text: plan

text: was

text: kept

text: within

text: In

text: addition

text: Penn

text: planned

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: five

text: public

text: parks

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: were

text: renamed

text: in

text: in

text: parenthesis

text: Centre

text: Square

text: North

text: East

text: Publick

text: Square

text: Franklin

text: Square

text: Northwest

text: Square

text: Logan

text: Square

text: Southwest

text: Square

text: Rittenhouse

text: Square

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Square

text: Washington

text: Square

text: Center

text: City

text: has

text: grown

text: into

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: downtown

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: Midtown

text: Manhattan

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: residents

text: in

question: Who planned the central city?

answer: Thomas Holme

text: Thomas Holme

question: Which rivers run through the city?

answer: The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers

text: The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers

question: How many public parks did Penn plan?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many live in the central area today?

answer: 183,240


text: The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ideological bacillus that would prove fatal. This was Edmund Burke's paternalistic doctrine that colonial government was a trust. It was to be so exercised for the benefit of subject people that they would eventually attain their birthright—freedom". As a consequence of this opinion, Burke objected to the opium trade, which he called a "smuggling adventure" and condemned "the great Disgrace of the British character in India".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: The

text: historian

text: Piers

text: Brendon

text: asserts

text: that

text: Burke

text: laid

text: the

text: moral

text: foundations

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: epitomised

text: in

text: the

text: trial

text: of

text: Warren

text: Hastings

text: that

text: was

text: ultimately

text: to

text: be

text: its

text: undoing

text: when

text: Burke

text: stated

text: that

text: The

text: British

text: Empire

text: must

text: be

text: governed

text: on

text: a

text: plan

text: of

text: freedom

text: for

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: governed

text: by

text: no

text: other

text: this

text: was

text: an

text: ideological

text: bacillus

text: that

text: would

text: prove

text: fatal

text: This

text: was

text: Edmund

text: Burke

text: 's

text: paternalistic

text: doctrine

text: that

text: colonial

text: government

text: was

text: a

text: trust

text: It

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: so

text: exercised

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: subject

text: people

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: eventually

text: attain

text: their

text: birthright

text: freedom

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: this

text: opinion

text: Burke

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: opium

text: trade

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: a

text: smuggling

text: adventure

text: and

text: condemned

text: the

text: great

text: Disgrace

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: character

text: in

text: India

question: Who thought Burke's trial of Hastings was a moral foundation of the British Empire?

answer: Piers Brendon

text: Piers Brendon

question: What did Burke think the British Empire should be governed based on?

answer: a plan of freedom

text: a plan of freedom

question: What did Burke call 'a smuggling adventure'?

answer: opium trade

text: opium trade

question: What did Burke think had disgraced Britain in India?

answer: opium trade

text: opium trade