text: The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary, but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Mount Baker, and Crown Hill neighborhoods are technically located on hills as well. Many of the hilliest areas are near the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constituting something of a ridge along an isthmus between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many regrading projects that reshaped the topography of the city center. The topography of the city center was also changed by the construction of a seawall and the artificial Harbor Island (completed 1909) at the mouth of the city's industrial Duwamish Waterway, the terminus of the Green River. The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle, which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St. Other notable hills include Crown Hill, View Ridge/Wedgwood/Bryant, Maple Leaf, Phinney Ridge, Mt. Baker Ridge and Highlands/Carkeek/Bitterlake.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: city

text: itself

text: is

text: hilly

text: though

text: not

text: uniformly

text: so

text: Like

text: Rome

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: lie

text: on

text: seven

text: hills

text: the

text: lists

text: vary

text: but

text: typically

text: include

text: Capitol

text: Hill

text: First

text: Hill

text: West

text: Seattle

text: Beacon

text: Hill

text: Queen

text: Anne

text: Magnolia

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Denny

text: Hill

text: The

text: Wallingford

text: Mount

text: Baker

text: and

text: Crown

text: Hill

text: neighborhoods

text: are

text: technically

text: located

text: on

text: hills

text: as

text: well

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: hilliest

text: areas

text: are

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: with

text: Capitol

text: Hill

text: First

text: Hill

text: and

text: Beacon

text: Hill

text: collectively

text: constituting

text: something

text: of

text: a

text: ridge

text: along

text: an

text: isthmus

text: between

text: Elliott

text: Bay

text: and

text: Lake

text: Washington

text: The

text: break

text: in

text: the

text: ridge

text: between

text: First

text: Hill

text: and

text: Beacon

text: Hill

text: is

text: man

text: made

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: regrading

text: projects

text: that

text: reshaped

text: the

text: topography

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: The

text: topography

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: was

text: also

text: changed

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: seawall

text: and

text: the

text: artificial

text: Harbor

text: Island

text: completed

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: industrial

text: Duwamish

text: Waterway

text: the

text: terminus

text: of

text: the

text: Green

text: River

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: is

text: at

text: High

text: Point

text: in

text: West

text: Seattle

text: which

text: is

text: roughly

text: located

text: near

text: Ave

text: SW

text: and

text: SW

text: Myrtle

text: St.

text: Other

text: notable

text: hills

text: include

text: Crown

text: Hill

text: View

text: Ridge

text: Wedgwood

text: Bryant

text: Maple

text: Leaf

text: Phinney

text: Ridge

text: Mt.

text: Baker

text: Ridge

text: and

text: Highlands

text: Carkeek

text: Bitterlake

question: What other famous city, besides Seattle, lies on seven hills?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: What type of land area does Capital hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill constitute?

answer: ridge

text: ridge

question: What artificial geological feature was added to Seattle in 1909?

answer: Harbor Island

text: Harbor Island

question: Where is the highest place in Seattle?

answer: High Point

text: High Point

question: Where was Harbor Island built?

answer: Duwamish Waterway

text: Duwamish Waterway


text: The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the term, and may have feared greater international scrutiny of its own Great Purge. Other nations feared that including political groups in the definition would invite international intervention in domestic politics. However leading genocide scholar William Schabas states: “Rigorous examination of the travaux fails to confirm a popular impression in the literature that the opposition to inclusion of political genocide was some Soviet machination. The Soviet views were also shared by a number of other States for whom it is difficult to establish any geographic or social common denominator: Lebanon, Sweden, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, the Philippines, the Dominican Republic, Iran, Egypt, Belgium, and Uruguay. The exclusion of political groups was in fact originally promoted by a non-governmental organization, the World Jewish Congress, and it corresponded to Raphael Lemkin’s vision of the nature of the crime of genocide.”

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: The

text: first

text: draft

text: of

text: the

text: Convention

text: included

text: political

text: killings

text: but

text: these

text: provisions

text: were

text: removed

text: in

text: a

text: political

text: and

text: diplomatic

text: compromise

text: following

text: objections

text: from

text: some

text: countries

text: including

text: the

text: USSR

text: a

text: permanent

text: security

text: council

text: member

text: The

text: USSR

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: Convention

text: 's

text: definition

text: should

text: follow

text: the

text: etymology

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: feared

text: greater

text: international

text: scrutiny

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: Great

text: Purge

text: Other

text: nations

text: feared

text: that

text: including

text: political

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: definition

text: would

text: invite

text: international

text: intervention

text: in

text: domestic

text: politics

text: However

text: leading

text: genocide

text: scholar

text: William

text: Schabas

text: states

text: Rigorous

text: examination

text: of

text: the

text: travaux

text: fails

text: to

text: confirm

text: a

text: popular

text: impression

text: in

text: the

text: literature

text: that

text: the

text: opposition

text: to

text: inclusion

text: of

text: political

text: genocide

text: was

text: some

text: Soviet

text: machination

text: The

text: Soviet

text: views

text: were

text: also

text: shared

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: States

text: for

text: whom

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: establish

text: any

text: geographic

text: or

text: social

text: common

text: denominator

text: Lebanon

text: Sweden

text: Brazil

text: Peru

text: Venezuela

text: the

text: Philippines

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Iran

text: Egypt

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: The

text: exclusion

text: of

text: political

text: groups

text: was

text: in

text: fact

text: originally

text: promoted

text: by

text: a

text: non

text: governmental

text: organization

text: the

text: World

text: Jewish

text: Congress

text: and

text: it

text: corresponded

text: to

text: Raphael

text: Lemkin

text: ’s

text: vision

text: of

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: of

text: genocide

question: Which provision was initially included in the first write-up of the Convention and then removed?

answer: political killings

text: political killings

question: What is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the Convention?

answer: USSR

text: USSR

question: What was the primary concern of other nations who objected to including political groups in the definition of genocide?

answer: international intervention in domestic politics

text: international intervention in domestic politics

question: Which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries opposed to including political genocide in the Convention?

answer: William Schabas

text: William Schabas

question: What atrocity motivated a self-serving USSR to object to the provision of political killings drafted into the Convention?

answer: its own Great Purge

text: its own Great Purge


text: A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—an illustration of how the "planetary orbit" conception of electron motion differs from reality.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: A

text: more

text: accurate

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: atom

text: comes

text: from

text: a

text: purely

text: quantum

text: mechanical

text: treatment

text: that

text: uses

text: the

text: Schrödinger

text: equation

text: Dirac

text: equation

text: or

text: even

text: the

text: Feynman

text: path

text: integral

text: formulation

text: to

text: calculate

text: the

text: probability

text: density

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: around

text: the

text: proton

text: The

text: most

text: complicated

text: treatments

text: allow

text: for

text: the

text: small

text: effects

text: of

text: special

text: relativity

text: and

text: vacuum

text: polarization

text: In

text: the

text: quantum

text: mechanical

text: treatment

text: the

text: electron

text: in

text: a

text: ground

text: state

text: hydrogen

text: atom

text: has

text: no

text: angular

text: momentum

text: at

text: all

text: an

text: illustration

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: planetary

text: orbit

text: conception

text: of

text: electron

text: motion

text: differs

text: from

text: reality

question: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?

answer: angular

text: angular


text: When Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small monthly stipend. The pay was small, however, so Ibn Sina wandered from place to place through the districts of Nishapur and Merv to the borders of Khorasan, seeking an opening for his talents. Qabus, the generous ruler of Tabaristan, himself a poet and a scholar, with whom Ibn Sina had expected to find asylum, was on about that date (1012) starved to death by his troops who had revolted. Ibn Sina himself was at this time stricken by a severe illness. Finally, at Gorgan, near the Caspian Sea, Ibn Sina met with a friend, who bought a dwelling near his own house in which Ibn Sina lectured on logic and astronomy. Several of Ibn Sina's treatises were written for this patron; and the commencement of his Canon of Medicine also dates from his stay in Hyrcania.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: When

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: he

text: lost

text: his

text: father

text: The

text: Samanid

text: dynasty

text: came

text: to

text: its

text: end

text: in

text: December

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: declined

text: the

text: offers

text: of

text: Mahmud

text: of

text: Ghazni

text: and

text: proceeded

text: westwards

text: to

text: Urgench

text: in

text: modern

text: Turkmenistan

text: where

text: the

text: vizier

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: friend

text: of

text: scholars

text: gave

text: him

text: a

text: small

text: monthly

text: stipend

text: The

text: pay

text: was

text: small

text: however

text: so

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: wandered

text: from

text: place

text: to

text: place

text: through

text: the

text: districts

text: of

text: Nishapur

text: and

text: Merv

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Khorasan

text: seeking

text: an

text: opening

text: for

text: his

text: talents

text: Qabus

text: the

text: generous

text: ruler

text: of

text: Tabaristan

text: himself

text: a

text: poet

text: and

text: a

text: scholar

text: with

text: whom

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: had

text: expected

text: to

text: find

text: asylum

text: was

text: on

text: about

text: that

text: date

text: starved

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: his

text: troops

text: who

text: had

text: revolted

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: himself

text: was

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: stricken

text: by

text: a

text: severe

text: illness

text: Finally

text: at

text: Gorgan

text: near

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: met

text: with

text: a

text: friend

text: who

text: bought

text: a

text: dwelling

text: near

text: his

text: own

text: house

text: in

text: which

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: lectured

text: on

text: logic

text: and

text: astronomy

text: Several

text: of

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: 's

text: treatises

text: were

text: written

text: for

text: this

text: patron

text: and

text: the

text: commencement

text: of

text: his

text: Canon

text: of

text: Medicine

text: also

text: dates

text: from

text: his

text: stay

text: in

text: Hyrcania

question: At what age did Avicenna lose his father?

answer: 22

question: What dynasty ended in December 1004?

answer: The Samanid dynasty

text: The Samanid dynasty

question: What modern country did Ibn Sina travel to after the end of the Samanid dynasty?

answer: Turkmenistan

text: Turkmenistan

question: What is one district that Ibn Sina traveled through in search of more work?

answer: Nishapur

text: Nishapur

question: Who did Ibn Sina turn down in order to travel westwards after the Samanid dynasty ended?

answer: Mahmud of Ghazni

text: Mahmud of Ghazni


text: Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates. Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country. Some children of the southern elite went to Great Britain to pursue higher education. By independence in 1960, regional differences in modern educational access were marked. The legacy, though less pronounced, continues to the present-day. Imbalances between North and South were expressed in Nigeria's political life as well. For instance, northern Nigeria did not outlaw slavery until 1936 whilst in other parts of Nigeria slavery was abolished soon after colonialism.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Christian

text: missions

text: established

text: Western

text: educational

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: Protectorates

text: Under

text: Britain

text: 's

text: policy

text: of

text: indirect

text: rule

text: and

text: validation

text: of

text: Islamic

text: tradition

text: the

text: Crown

text: did

text: not

text: encourage

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: Christian

text: missions

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Islamic

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Some

text: children

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: elite

text: went

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: to

text: pursue

text: higher

text: education

text: By

text: independence

text: in

text: regional

text: differences

text: in

text: modern

text: educational

text: access

text: were

text: marked

text: The

text: legacy

text: though

text: less

text: pronounced

text: continues

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Imbalances

text: between

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: were

text: expressed

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: political

text: life

text: as

text: well

text: For

text: instance

text: northern

text: Nigeria

text: did

text: not

text: outlaw

text: slavery

text: until

text: whilst

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: slavery

text: was

text: abolished

text: soon

text: after

text: colonialism

question: What religion built Western schools in Nigeria?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria?

answer: northern

text: northern

question: What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria?

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

question: When did Nigeria receive independence?

answer: 1960

question: When did northern Nigeria ban slavery?

answer: 1936


text: In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides (1883–1958) who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice. Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's Royal College of Art and Christopheros Savva (1924–1968) who also studied in London, at Saint Martin's School of Art. In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day. In particular the majority of Cypriot artists still train in England while others train at art schools in Greece and local art institutions such as the Cyprus College of Art, University of Nicosia and the Frederick Institute of Technology.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Cypriot

text: art

text: history

text: begins

text: with

text: the

text: painter

text: Vassilis

text: Vryonides

text: who

text: studied

text: at

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: in

text: Venice

text: Arguably

text: the

text: two

text: founding

text: fathers

text: of

text: modern

text: Cypriot

text: art

text: were

text: Adamantios

text: Diamantis

text: who

text: studied

text: at

text: London

text: 's

text: Royal

text: College

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: Christopheros

text: Savva

text: who

text: also

text: studied

text: in

text: London

text: at

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: 's

text: School

text: of

text: Art

text: In

text: many

text: ways

text: these

text: two

text: artists

text: set

text: the

text: template

text: for

text: subsequent

text: Cypriot

text: art

text: and

text: both

text: their

text: artistic

text: styles

text: and

text: the

text: patterns

text: of

text: their

text: education

text: remain

text: influential

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Cypriot

text: artists

text: still

text: train

text: in

text: England

text: while

text: others

text: train

text: at

text: art

text: schools

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: local

text: art

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Cyprus

text: College

text: of

text: Art

text: University

text: of

text: Nicosia

text: and

text: the

text: Frederick

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

question: Who was the first important Cyprus painter of modern times?

answer: Vassilis Vryonides

text: Vassilis Vryonides

question: Where did Vassilis Vryonides study?

answer: Academy of Fine Arts in Venice

text: Academy of Fine Arts in Venice

question: Name one of the individuals considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art.

answer: Adamantios Diamantis

text: Adamantios Diamantis

question: Name the other individual considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art.

answer: Christopheros Savva

text: Christopheros Savva

question: Where do many Cypriot artists train?

answer: England

text: England


text: Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Like

text: all

text: the

text: Romance

text: languages

text: Catalan

text: verbal

text: inflection

text: is

text: more

text: complex

text: than

text: the

text: nominal

text: Suffixation

text: is

text: omnipresent

text: whereas

text: morphological

text: alternations

text: play

text: a

text: secondary

text: role

text: Vowel

text: alternances

text: are

text: active

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: infixation

text: and

text: suppletion

text: However

text: these

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: productive

text: as

text: in

text: Spanish

text: and

text: are

text: mostly

text: restricted

text: to

text: irregular

text: verbs

question: What is Catalan verbal inflection ?

answer: more complex

text: more complex

question: What plays a primary part in Catalan?

answer: Suffixation

text: Suffixation

question: What plays a secondary part in Catalan?

answer: morphological alternations

text: morphological alternations

question: How are vowel alternances in Catalan?

answer: active

text: active


text: Islamic tradition relates that Muhammad received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to hadith and Muslim history, after Muhammad immigrated to Medina and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his companions to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily. It is related that some of the Quraysh who were taken prisoners at the battle of Badr regained their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a group of Muslims gradually became literate. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most suras were in use amongst early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both Sunni and Shia sources, relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death in 632. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the revelation.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Islamic

text: tradition

text: relates

text: that

text: Muhammad

text: received

text: his

text: first

text: revelation

text: in

text: the

text: Cave

text: of

text: Hira

text: during

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: isolated

text: retreats

text: to

text: the

text: mountains

text: Thereafter

text: he

text: received

text: revelations

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: years

text: According

text: to

text: hadith

text: and

text: Muslim

text: history

text: after

text: Muhammad

text: immigrated

text: to

text: Medina

text: and

text: formed

text: an

text: independent

text: Muslim

text: community

text: he

text: ordered

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: companions

text: to

text: recite

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: to

text: learn

text: and

text: teach

text: the

text: laws

text: which

text: were

text: revealed

text: daily

text: It

text: is

text: related

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Quraysh

text: who

text: were

text: taken

text: prisoners

text: at

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Badr

text: regained

text: their

text: freedom

text: after

text: they

text: had

text: taught

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Muslims

text: the

text: simple

text: writing

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Thus

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Muslims

text: gradually

text: became

text: literate

text: As

text: it

text: was

text: initially

text: spoken

text: the

text: Quran

text: was

text: recorded

text: on

text: tablets

text: bones

text: and

text: the

text: wide

text: flat

text: ends

text: of

text: date

text: palm

text: fronds

text: Most

text: suras

text: were

text: in

text: use

text: amongst

text: early

text: Muslims

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: mentioned

text: in

text: numerous

text: sayings

text: by

text: both

text: Sunni

text: and

text: Shia

text: sources

text: relating

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: as

text: a

text: call

text: to

text: Islam

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: prayer

text: and

text: the

text: manner

text: of

text: recitation

text: However

text: the

text: Quran

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: There

text: is

text: agreement

text: among

text: scholars

text: that

text: Muhammad

text: himself

text: did

text: not

text: write

text: down

text: the

text: revelation

question: In which mountain cave did Mohammad experience his first revelation?

answer: Cave of Hira

text: Cave of Hira

question: Where did Mohammad move to found a separate Muslim community?

answer: Medina

text: Medina

question: Prisoners from which battle are thought to have helped Muslims learn to write?

answer: Badr

text: Badr

question: Vegetation from which tree served as an early recording medium for the Quran?

answer: date palm

text: date palm

question: When Muhammad dies, what had not yet been compiled as a book?

answer: Quran

text: Quran


text: The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed. This period marked vast social change in the subcontinent as the Hindu majority were ruled over by the Mughal emperors, most of whom showed religious tolerance, liberally patronising Hindu culture. The famous emperor Akbar, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. However, later emperors such as Aurangazeb tried to establish complete Muslim dominance, and as a result several historical temples were destroyed during this period and taxes imposed on non-Muslims. Akbar declared "Amari" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jainism. He rolled back the jizya tax for non-Muslims. The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local maharajas, and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Saracenic architecture. It was the erosion of this tradition coupled with increased brutality and centralization that played a large part in the dynasty's downfall after Aurangzeb, who unlike previous emperors, imposed relatively non-pluralistic policies on the general population, which often inflamed the majority Hindu population.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Mughals

text: were

text: perhaps

text: the

text: richest

text: single

text: dynasty

text: to

text: have

text: ever

text: existed

text: During

text: the

text: Mughal

text: era

text: the

text: dominant

text: political

text: forces

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: the

text: rising

text: successor

text: states

text: including

text: the

text: Maratha

text: Empire

text: which

text: fought

text: an

text: increasingly

text: weak

text: Mughal

text: dynasty

text: The

text: Mughals

text: while

text: often

text: employing

text: brutal

text: tactics

text: to

text: subjugate

text: their

text: empire

text: had

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: integration

text: with

text: Indian

text: culture

text: which

text: is

text: what

text: made

text: them

text: successful

text: where

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Sultanates

text: of

text: Delhi

text: had

text: failed

text: This

text: period

text: marked

text: vast

text: social

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: as

text: the

text: Hindu

text: majority

text: were

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: Mughal

text: emperors

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: showed

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: liberally

text: patronising

text: Hindu

text: culture

text: The

text: famous

text: emperor

text: Akbar

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: Babar

text: tried

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: good

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Hindus

text: However

text: later

text: emperors

text: such

text: as

text: Aurangazeb

text: tried

text: to

text: establish

text: complete

text: Muslim

text: dominance

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: several

text: historical

text: temples

text: were

text: destroyed

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: taxes

text: imposed

text: on

text: non

text: Muslims

text: Akbar

text: declared

text: Amari

text: or

text: non

text: killing

text: of

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: holy

text: days

text: of

text: Jainism

text: He

text: rolled

text: back

text: the

text: jizya

text: tax

text: for

text: non

text: Muslims

text: The

text: Mughal

text: emperors

text: married

text: local

text: royalty

text: allied

text: themselves

text: with

text: local

text: maharajas

text: and

text: attempted

text: to

text: fuse

text: their

text: Turko

text: Persian

text: culture

text: with

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: styles

text: creating

text: a

text: unique

text: Indo

text: Saracenic

text: architecture

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: erosion

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: coupled

text: with

text: increased

text: brutality

text: and

text: centralization

text: that

text: played

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: downfall

text: after

text: Aurangzeb

text: who

text: unlike

text: previous

text: emperors

text: imposed

text: relatively

text: non

text: pluralistic

text: policies

text: on

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: which

text: often

text: inflamed

text: the

text: majority

text: Hindu

text: population

question: What was the richest of all the dynasties?

answer: The Mughals

text: The Mughals

question: What policy made the Mughals a successful dynasty?

answer: integration with Indian culture

text: integration with Indian culture

question: Which Mughal ruler tried to form a good relationship with non-Muslims?

answer: emperor Akbar

text: emperor Akbar

question: Which Mughal ruler tried to establish complete dominance over the Hindu populace?

answer: Aurangazeb

text: Aurangazeb

question: With what styles did Mughal Rulers merge their Tuko-Persian culture?

answer: ancient Indian

text: ancient Indian


text: Each island has its own high-chief, or ulu-aliki, and several sub-chiefs (alikis). The community council is the Falekaupule (the traditional assembly of elders) or te sina o fenua (literally: "grey-hairs of the land"). In the past, another caste, the priests (tofuga), were also amongst the decision-makers. The ulu-aliki and aliki exercise informal authority at the local level. Ulu-aliki are always chosen based on ancestry. Under the Falekaupule Act (1997), the powers and functions of the Falekaupule are now shared with the pule o kaupule (elected village presidents; one on each atoll).

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Each

text: island

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: high

text: chief

text: or

text: ulu

text: aliki

text: and

text: several

text: sub

text: chiefs

text: alikis

text: The

text: community

text: council

text: is

text: the

text: Falekaupule

text: the

text: traditional

text: assembly

text: of

text: elders

text: or

text: te

text: sina

text: o

text: fenua

text: literally

text: grey

text: hairs

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: another

text: caste

text: the

text: priests

text: tofuga

text: were

text: also

text: amongst

text: the

text: decision

text: makers

text: The

text: ulu

text: aliki

text: and

text: aliki

text: exercise

text: informal

text: authority

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: Ulu

text: aliki

text: are

text: always

text: chosen

text: based

text: on

text: ancestry

text: Under

text: the

text: Falekaupule

text: Act

text: the

text: powers

text: and

text: functions

text: of

text: the

text: Falekaupule

text: are

text: now

text: shared

text: with

text: the

text: pule

text: o

text: kaupule

text: elected

text: village

text: presidents

text: one

text: on

text: each

text: atoll

question: What is the Tuvalu high chief on each island called?

answer: ulu-aliki

text: ulu-aliki

question: What is the name of the sub-chiefs in Tuvalu?

answer: alikis

text: alikis

question: What is the Tuvaluan traditional assembly of elders?

answer: Falekaupule

text: Falekaupule

question: What was the caste of priests in the past on Tuvalu?

answer: tofuga

text: tofuga

question: With what group do the falekaupule share power on Tuvalu?

answer: pule o kaupule

text: pule o kaupule


text: Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was "too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Back

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: that

text: year

text: Chopin

text: heard

text: Niccolò

text: Paganini

text: play

text: the

text: violin

text: and

text: composed

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: variations

text: Souvenir

text: de

text: Paganini

text: It

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: this

text: experience

text: which

text: encouraged

text: him

text: to

text: commence

text: writing

text: his

text: first

text: Études

text: exploring

text: the

text: capacities

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: instrument

text: On

text: August

text: three

text: weeks

text: after

text: completing

text: his

text: studies

text: at

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Conservatory

text: he

text: made

text: his

text: debut

text: in

text: Vienna

text: He

text: gave

text: two

text: piano

text: concerts

text: and

text: received

text: many

text: favourable

text: reviews

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: some

text: commenting

text: in

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: own

text: words

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: too

text: delicate

text: for

text: those

text: accustomed

text: to

text: the

text: piano

text: bashing

text: of

text: local

text: artists

text: In

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: concerts

text: he

text: premiered

text: his

text: Variations

text: on

text: Là

text: ci

text: darem

text: la

text: mano

text: Op

text: variations

text: on

text: an

text: aria

text: from

text: Mozart

text: 's

text: opera

text: Don

text: Giovanni

text: for

text: piano

text: and

text: orchestra

text: He

text: returned

text: to

text: Warsaw

text: in

text: September

text: where

text: he

text: premiered

text: his

text: Piano

text: Concerto

text: No

text: in

text: F

text: minor

text: Op

text: on

text: March

question: What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin?

answer: Souvenir de Paganini

text: Souvenir de Paganini

question: During what month did Frédéric make his first appearance in Vienna?

answer: August

text: August

question: How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time?

answer: two

text: two

question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21?

answer: 17 March 1830

text: 17 March 1830

question: What did Chopin compose after hearing Niccolo Paganini?

answer: Souvenir de Paganini

text: Souvenir de Paganini

question: Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies?

answer: Vienna

text: Vienna

question: What piece did Chopin debut after returning to Warsaw?

answer: Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21

text: Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21

question: When did Chopin return to Warsaw?

answer: September 1829

text: September 1829

question: Why did some critics say that Chopin was too delicate?

answer: accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists

text: accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists

question: Who did Chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition?

answer: Niccolò Paganini

text: Niccolò Paganini

question: Where did Chopin make his debut after completing his education?

answer: Vienna

text: Vienna

question: How many public performances did Chopin do where he made his debut after completing his education?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut?

answer: three

text: three


text: Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that "The Bronx is burning": in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. The line entered the pop-consciousness with Game Two of the 1977 World Series, when a fire broke out near Yankee Stadium as the team was playing the Los Angeles Dodgers. Numerous fires had previously broken out in the Bronx prior to this fire. As the fire was captured on live television, announcer Howard Cosell is wrongly remembered to have said something like, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen: the Bronx is burning". Historians of New York City frequently point to Cosell's remark as an acknowledgement of both the city and the borough's decline. A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production in 2006, chronicling what led up to the numerous arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s in the borough.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: Bronx

text: often

text: symbolized

text: violence

text: decay

text: and

text: urban

text: ruin

text: The

text: wave

text: of

text: arson

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Bronx

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: inspired

text: the

text: observation

text: that

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: burning

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: both

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: editorial

text: and

text: a

text: BBC

text: documentary

text: film

text: The

text: line

text: entered

text: the

text: pop

text: consciousness

text: with

text: Game

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: when

text: a

text: fire

text: broke

text: out

text: near

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: as

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: playing

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Dodgers

text: Numerous

text: fires

text: had

text: previously

text: broken

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: prior

text: to

text: this

text: fire

text: As

text: the

text: fire

text: was

text: captured

text: on

text: live

text: television

text: announcer

text: Howard

text: Cosell

text: is

text: wrongly

text: remembered

text: to

text: have

text: said

text: something

text: like

text: There

text: it

text: is

text: ladies

text: and

text: gentlemen

text: the

text: Bronx

text: is

text: burning

text: Historians

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: frequently

text: point

text: to

text: Cosell

text: 's

text: remark

text: as

text: an

text: acknowledgement

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: decline

text: A

text: new

text: feature

text: length

text: documentary

text: film

text: by

text: Edwin

text: Pagan

text: called

text: Bronx

text: Burning

text: is

text: in

text: production

text: in

text: chronicling

text: what

text: led

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: numerous

text: arson

text: for

text: insurance

text: fraud

text: fires

text: of

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: borough

question: Where was arson a big problem in the Bronx?

answer: the South Bronx

text: the South Bronx

question: When was the phrase "The Bronx is burning" first widespread?

answer: 1974

question: Who made a documentary called "The Bronx is burning"?

answer: BBC

text: BBC

question: Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"?

answer: New York Times

text: New York Times

question: Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?

answer: Edwin Pagan

text: Edwin Pagan


text: During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world."

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: tested

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: at

text: its

text: Pacific

text: Proving

text: Grounds

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: including

text: the

text: largest

text: atmospheric

text: nuclear

text: test

text: ever

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: code

text: named

text: Castle

text: Bravo

text: The

text: bombs

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: yield

text: of

text: kilotons

text: over

text: times

text: more

text: powerful

text: than

text: the

text: atomic

text: weapons

text: used

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: With

text: the

text: test

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: U.S.

text: hydrogen

text: bomb

text: code

text: named

text: Ivy

text: Mike

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Elugelab

text: in

text: the

text: Enewetak

text: atoll

text: was

text: destroyed

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Commission

text: regarded

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: as

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: contaminated

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: In what year did the Cold War begin?

answer: 1946

question: How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958?

answer: 67

question: What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test?

answer: Castle Bravo

text: Castle Bravo

question: What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons?

answer: 108,496

question: Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test?

answer: Elugelab

text: Elugelab


text: Polytechnics in Singapore provides industry oriented education equivalent to a junior college or sixth form college in the UK. Singapore retains a system similar but not the same as in the United Kingdom from 1970–1992, distinguishing between polytechnics and universities. Unlike the British Polytechnic (United Kingdom) system Singapore Polytechnics do not offer bachelors, masters or PhD degrees. Under this system, most Singaporean students sit for their O-Level examinations after a four or five years of education in secondary school, and apply for a place at either a technical school termed ITE, a polytechnic or a university-preparatory school (a junior college or the Millennia Institute, a centralized institute). Polytechnic graduates may be granted transfer credits when they apply to local and overseas universities, depending on the overall performance in their grades, as well as the university's policies on transfer credits. A few secondary schools are now offering six-year program which leads directly to university entrance.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Polytechnics

text: in

text: Singapore

text: provides

text: industry

text: oriented

text: education

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: junior

text: college

text: or

text: sixth

text: form

text: college

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Singapore

text: retains

text: a

text: system

text: similar

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: from

text: distinguishing

text: between

text: polytechnics

text: and

text: universities

text: Unlike

text: the

text: British

text: Polytechnic

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: system

text: Singapore

text: Polytechnics

text: do

text: not

text: offer

text: bachelors

text: masters

text: or

text: PhD

text: degrees

text: Under

text: this

text: system

text: most

text: Singaporean

text: students

text: sit

text: for

text: their

text: O

text: Level

text: examinations

text: after

text: a

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: education

text: in

text: secondary

text: school

text: and

text: apply

text: for

text: a

text: place

text: at

text: either

text: a

text: technical

text: school

text: termed

text: ITE

text: a

text: polytechnic

text: or

text: a

text: university

text: preparatory

text: school

text: a

text: junior

text: college

text: or

text: the

text: Millennia

text: Institute

text: a

text: centralized

text: institute

text: Polytechnic

text: graduates

text: may

text: be

text: granted

text: transfer

text: credits

text: when

text: they

text: apply

text: to

text: local

text: and

text: overseas

text: universities

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: overall

text: performance

text: in

text: their

text: grades

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: policies

text: on

text: transfer

text: credits

text: A

text: few

text: secondary

text: schools

text: are

text: now

text: offering

text: six

text: year

text: program

text: which

text: leads

text: directly

text: to

text: university

text: entrance

question: What's the name of Singapore's centralized institute that students can attend before university?

answer: Millennia Institute

text: Millennia Institute


text: The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: Polish

text: nobility

text: enjoyed

text: many

text: rights

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: noble

text: classes

text: of

text: other

text: countries

text: and

text: typically

text: each

text: new

text: monarch

text: conceded

text: them

text: further

text: privileges

text: Those

text: privileges

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: Golden

text: Liberty

text: in

text: the

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: Despite

text: having

text: a

text: king

text: Poland

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: nobility

text: 's

text: Commonwealth

text: because

text: the

text: king

text: was

text: elected

text: by

text: all

text: interested

text: members

text: of

text: hereditary

text: nobility

text: and

text: Poland

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: this

text: class

text: not

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: or

text: the

text: ruling

text: dynasty

text: This

text: state

text: of

text: affairs

text: grew

text: up

text: in

text: part

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: male

text: line

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: royal

text: dynasty

text: first

text: the

text: Piasts

text: then

text: the

text: Jagiellons

text: and

text: the

text: selection

text: by

text: the

text: nobility

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: king

text: from

text: among

text: the

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: female

text: line

text: descendants

question: THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what?

answer: many rights

text: many rights

question: What was the nobilities commonwealth?

answer: Poland

text: Poland

question: WHo elected the king?

answer: not of the king or the ruling dynasty

text: not of the king or the ruling dynasty

question: WHy did the state affairs partly grow up on?

answer: the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty

text: the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty

question: The selection of nobility oh the polish kingdom was selected my whom?

answer: dynasty's female-line descendants.

text: dynasty's female-line descendants.


text: After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: After

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: thousands

text: of

text: temporary

text: visitors

text: were

text: soon

text: withdrawn

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: resumed

text: full

text: control

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: EIC

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: the

text: packet

text: schooner

text: St

text: Helena

text: which

text: made

text: multiple

text: trips

text: per

text: year

text: between

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: Cape

text: carrying

text: passengers

text: both

text: ways

text: and

text: supplies

text: of

text: wine

text: and

text: provisions

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: island

question: Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?

answer: the packet schooner St Helena

text: the packet schooner St Helena

question: The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?

answer: wine and provisions

text: wine and provisions


text: On February 12, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Comcast sought to acquire Time Warner Cable in a deal valued at $45.2 billion. On February 13, it was reported that Time Warner Cable agreed to the acquisition. This was to add several metropolitan areas to the Comcast portfolio, such as New York City, Los Angeles, Dallas-Fort Worth, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Charlotte, San Diego, and San Antonio. Time Warner Cable and Comcast aimed to merge into one company by the end of 2014 and both have praised the deal, emphasizing the increased capabilities of a combined telecommunications network, and to "create operating efficiencies and economies of scale".

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: reported

text: that

text: Comcast

text: sought

text: to

text: acquire

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Cable

text: in

text: a

text: deal

text: valued

text: at

text: billion

text: On

text: February

text: it

text: was

text: reported

text: that

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Cable

text: agreed

text: to

text: the

text: acquisition

text: This

text: was

text: to

text: add

text: several

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: to

text: the

text: Comcast

text: portfolio

text: such

text: as

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Dallas

text: Fort

text: Worth

text: Cleveland

text: Columbus

text: Cincinnati

text: Charlotte

text: San

text: Diego

text: and

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Cable

text: and

text: Comcast

text: aimed

text: to

text: merge

text: into

text: one

text: company

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: and

text: both

text: have

text: praised

text: the

text: deal

text: emphasizing

text: the

text: increased

text: capabilities

text: of

text: a

text: combined

text: telecommunications

text: network

text: and

text: to

text: create

text: operating

text: efficiencies

text: and

text: economies

text: of

text: scale

question: What publication originally reported a potential deal between Comcast and Time Warner?

answer: the Los Angeles Times

text: the Los Angeles Times

question: What was the value of the deal reported to be at the time?

answer: $45.2 billion

text: $45.2 billion

question: When did Comcast hope to complete its deal for Time Warner?

answer: by the end of 2014

text: by the end of 2014


text: The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries BC during the Hallstatt culture, Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals are found throughout much of the Alpine region such as cinnabar, amethyst, and quartz. The cinnabar deposits in Slovenia are a notable source of cinnabar pigments.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: minerals

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: mined

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: Hallstatt

text: culture

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: mined

text: copper

text: later

text: the

text: Romans

text: mined

text: gold

text: for

text: coins

text: in

text: the

text: Bad

text: Gastein

text: area

text: Erzberg

text: in

text: Styria

text: furnishes

text: high

text: quality

text: iron

text: ore

text: for

text: the

text: steel

text: industry

text: Crystals

text: are

text: found

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Alpine

text: region

text: such

text: as

text: cinnabar

text: amethyst

text: and

text: quartz

text: The

text: cinnabar

text: deposits

text: in

text: Slovenia

text: are

text: a

text: notable

text: source

text: of

text: cinnabar

text: pigments

question: What have been mined in the Alps for thousands of years?

answer: minerals

text: minerals

question: What did Celtic tribes mine from the Alps?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What did the Romans mine in the Bad Gastein area?

answer: gold

text: gold

question: What does Erzberd in Styria furnish?

answer: high-quality iron ore

text: high-quality iron ore

question: The cinnabar deposits are found in what area?

answer: Slovenia

text: Slovenia


text: On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: On

text: May

text: May

text: and

text: Taylor

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: quitting

text: their

text: record

text: label

text: EMI

text: after

text: almost

text: years

text: On

text: August

text: Queen

text: 's

text: manager

text: Jim

text: Beach

text: put

text: out

text: a

text: Newsletter

text: stating

text: that

text: the

text: band

text: had

text: signed

text: a

text: new

text: contract

text: with

text: Universal

text: Music

text: During

text: an

text: interview

text: for

text: Hardtalk

text: on

text: the

text: BBC

text: on

text: September

text: May

text: confirmed

text: that

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: new

text: deal

text: was

text: with

text: Island

text: Records

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: Queen

text: 's

text: catalogue

text: will

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: distributor

text: worldwide

text: as

text: their

text: current

text: North

text: American

text: label

text: Hollywood

text: Records

text: is

text: currently

text: distributed

text: by

text: Universal

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Queen

text: was

text: on

text: EMI

text: owned

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: in

text: the

text: US

question: What record label did May and Taylor leave in 2010?

answer: EMI

text: EMI

question: What label did Queen join in August 2010?

answer: Universal Music

text: Universal Music

question: What program interviewed Queen on 22 September 2010?

answer: Hardtalk

text: Hardtalk

question: Island records is a subsidiary of what group?

answer: Universal Music Group

text: Universal Music Group


text: AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: AC

text: radio

text: stations

text: may

text: play

text: mainstream

text: music

text: but

text: they

text: will

text: exclude

text: hip

text: hop

text: dance

text: tracks

text: hard

text: rock

text: and

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: teen

text: pop

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: less

text: popular

text: amongst

text: the

text: target

text: demographic

text: of

text: these

text: radio

text: stations

text: which

text: is

text: intended

text: for

text: an

text: adult

text: audience

text: AC

text: radio

text: often

text: targets

text: the

text: age

text: group

text: the

text: demographic

text: that

text: has

text: received

text: the

text: most

text: attention

text: from

text: advertisers

text: since

text: the

text: A

text: common

text: practice

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: is

text: that

text: many

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: stations

text: play

text: less

text: newer

text: music

text: because

text: they

text: also

text: give

text: ample

text: airtime

text: to

text: hits

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: so

text: the

text: de

text: emphasis

text: on

text: new

text: songs

text: slows

text: the

text: progression

text: of

text: the

text: AC

text: chart

question: What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?

answer: 25–44

question: Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?

answer: hip hop

text: hip hop

question: When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?

answer: 1960s

question: What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?

answer: newer music

text: newer music


text: Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: Greece

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: advanced

text: high

text: income

text: economy

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Organisation

text: for

text: Economic

text: Co

text: operation

text: and

text: Development

text: OECD

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Organization

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Economic

text: Cooperation

text: BSEC

text: The

text: country

text: joined

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: in

text: In

text: Greece

text: adopted

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: its

text: currency

text: replacing

text: the

text: Greek

text: drachma

text: at

text: an

text: exchange

text: rate

text: of

text: drachmae

text: per

text: euro

text: Greece

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: and

text: ranked

text: on

text: Ernst

text: Young

text: 's

text: Globalization

text: Index

question: What organization was Greek a founding member?

answer: OECD

text: OECD

question: What does the abbreviation OECD expand to?

answer: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

text: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

question: What is Greece's economy classified as?

answer: advanced, high-income

text: advanced, high-income

question: When did Greece join what is now the European Union?

answer: 1981

question: When did Greece adopt the Euro as its currency?

answer: 2001


text: Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did not believe that air power alone could be decisive. Contrary to popular belief, the Luftwaffe did not have a systematic policy of what became known as "terror bombing". Evidence suggests that the Luftwaffe did not adopt an official bombing policy in which civilians became the primary target until 1942.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Within

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: more

text: muted

text: view

text: of

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: The

text: OKL

text: did

text: not

text: oppose

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombardment

text: of

text: enemy

text: industries

text: and

text: or

text: cities

text: and

text: believed

text: it

text: could

text: greatly

text: affect

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: in

text: Germany

text: 's

text: favour

text: by

text: disrupting

text: production

text: and

text: damaging

text: civilian

text: morale

text: but

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: believe

text: that

text: air

text: power

text: alone

text: could

text: be

text: decisive

text: Contrary

text: to

text: popular

text: belief

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: systematic

text: policy

text: of

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: terror

text: bombing

text: Evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: did

text: not

text: adopt

text: an

text: official

text: bombing

text: policy

text: in

text: which

text: civilians

text: became

text: the

text: primary

text: target

text: until

question: Who believe air power alone would not be decisive?

answer: Luftwaffe

text: Luftwaffe

question: What was the name of the Luftwaffe's bombing raids?

answer: terror bombing

text: terror bombing

question: What year did the terror bombing policy become official?

answer: 1942


text: Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Terry

text: Neill

text: was

text: recruited

text: by

text: the

text: Arsenal

text: board

text: to

text: replace

text: Bertie

text: Mee

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: youngest

text: Arsenal

text: manager

text: to

text: date

text: With

text: new

text: signings

text: like

text: Malcolm

text: Macdonald

text: and

text: Pat

text: Jennings

text: and

text: a

text: crop

text: of

text: talent

text: in

text: the

text: side

text: such

text: as

text: Liam

text: Brady

text: and

text: Frank

text: Stapleton

text: the

text: club

text: enjoyed

text: their

text: best

text: form

text: since

text: the

text: double

text: reaching

text: a

text: trio

text: of

text: FA

text: Cup

text: finals

text: and

text: and

text: losing

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: Final

text: on

text: penalties

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: only

text: success

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: was

text: a

text: last

text: minute

text: victory

text: over

text: Manchester

text: United

text: in

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: classic

question: On what date was Bertie Mee replaced by Arsenal?

answer: 9 July 1976

text: 9 July 1976

question: What Arsenal manager replaced Mee?

answer: Terry Neill

text: Terry Neill

question: What action brought prosperity to Arsenal?

answer: new signings

text: new signings

question: What number of cup finals did Arsenal reach in

answer: trio

text: trio

question: In what years did Arsenal get into the FA Cup finals?

answer: 1978, 1979 and 1980

text: 1978, 1979 and 1980


text: For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: For

text: users

text: and

text: small

text: businesses

text: traditional

text: options

text: include

text: copper

text: wires

text: to

text: provide

text: dial

text: up

text: DSL

text: typically

text: asymmetric

text: digital

text: subscriber

text: line

text: ADSL

text: cable

text: modem

text: or

text: Integrated

text: Services

text: Digital

text: Network

text: ISDN

text: typically

text: basic

text: rate

text: interface

text: Using

text: fiber

text: optics

text: to

text: end

text: users

text: is

text: called

text: Fiber

text: To

text: The

text: Home

text: or

text: similar

text: names

question: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses?

answer: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface)

text: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface)

question: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?

answer: Fiber To The Home

text: Fiber To The Home

question: who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns?

answer: users and small businesses

text: users and small businesses


text: In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. These two transactions are similar, i.e. bonds are used as collaterals for loans, the difference being of legal nature. In the repos the ownership of the collateral changes to the ECB until the loan is repaid.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: Fed

text: the

text: ECB

text: normally

text: does

text: not

text: buy

text: bonds

text: outright

text: The

text: normal

text: procedure

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: ECB

text: for

text: manipulating

text: the

text: money

text: supply

text: has

text: been

text: via

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: refinancing

text: facilities

text: In

text: these

text: facilities

text: bonds

text: are

text: not

text: purchased

text: but

text: used

text: in

text: reverse

text: transactions

text: repurchase

text: agreements

text: or

text: collateralised

text: loans

text: These

text: two

text: transactions

text: are

text: similar

text: i.e.

text: bonds

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: collaterals

text: for

text: loans

text: the

text: difference

text: being

text: of

text: legal

text: nature

text: In

text: the

text: repos

text: the

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: collateral

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: ECB

text: until

text: the

text: loan

text: is

text: repaid

question: Who retains ownership of the collateral until the debt is paid?

answer: ECB

text: ECB

question: Since the ECB doesn't buy bonds outright, how are they used?

answer: refinancing facilities

text: refinancing facilities

question: What is the manner in which bonds are used at refinancing facilities?

answer: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans

text: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans

question: Who buys the bonds instead of using them in reverse transactions?

answer: the Fed

text: the Fed


text: Unicode was designed to provide code-point-by-code-point round-trip format conversion to and from any preexisting character encodings, so that text files in older character sets can be naïvely converted to Unicode, and then back and get back the same file. That has meant that inconsistent legacy architectures, such as combining diacritics and precomposed characters, both exist in Unicode, giving more than one method of representing some text. This is most pronounced in the three different encoding forms for Korean Hangul. Since version 3.0, any precomposed characters that can be represented by a combining sequence of already existing characters can no longer be added to the standard in order to preserve interoperability between software using different versions of Unicode.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Unicode

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: provide

text: code

text: point

text: by

text: code

text: point

text: round

text: trip

text: format

text: conversion

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: any

text: preexisting

text: character

text: encodings

text: so

text: that

text: text

text: files

text: in

text: older

text: character

text: sets

text: can

text: be

text: naïvely

text: converted

text: to

text: Unicode

text: and

text: then

text: back

text: and

text: get

text: back

text: the

text: same

text: file

text: That

text: has

text: meant

text: that

text: inconsistent

text: legacy

text: architectures

text: such

text: as

text: combining

text: diacritics

text: and

text: precomposed

text: characters

text: both

text: exist

text: in

text: Unicode

text: giving

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: method

text: of

text: representing

text: some

text: text

text: This

text: is

text: most

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: different

text: encoding

text: forms

text: for

text: Korean

text: Hangul

text: Since

text: version

text: any

text: precomposed

text: characters

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: represented

text: by

text: a

text: combining

text: sequence

text: of

text: already

text: existing

text: characters

text: can

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: standard

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: preserve

text: interoperability

text: between

text: software

text: using

text: different

text: versions

text: of

text: Unicode

question: Unicode was designed for a round trip format conversion to and from what?

answer: preexisting character encodings

text: preexisting character encodings

question: How many encoding forms are there for Korean Hangul?

answer: three different encoding forms

text: three different encoding forms

question: Since what version can already existing characters no longer be added to the standard?

answer: version 3.0

text: version 3.0


text: High-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for standard gauge national networks. The meter gauge Rhaetian Railway (RhB) and the neighbouring Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB) operate on 11 kV at 16.7 Hz frequency. Practice has proven that both Swiss and German 15 kV trains can operate under these lower voltages. The RhB started trials of the 11 kV system in 1913 on the Engadin line (St. Moritz-Scuol/Tarasp). The MGB constituents Furka-Oberalp-Bahn (FO) and Brig-Visp-Zermatt Bahn (BVZ) introduced their electric services in 1941 and 1929 respectively, adopting the already proven RhB system.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: High

text: voltage

text: AC

text: overhead

text: systems

text: are

text: not

text: only

text: for

text: standard

text: gauge

text: national

text: networks

text: The

text: meter

text: gauge

text: Rhaetian

text: Railway

text: RhB

text: and

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: Matterhorn

text: Gotthard

text: Bahn

text: MGB

text: operate

text: on

text: kV

text: at

text: Hz

text: frequency

text: Practice

text: has

text: proven

text: that

text: both

text: Swiss

text: and

text: German

text: kV

text: trains

text: can

text: operate

text: under

text: these

text: lower

text: voltages

text: The

text: RhB

text: started

text: trials

text: of

text: the

text: kV

text: system

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: Engadin

text: line

text: St.

text: Moritz

text: Scuol

text: Tarasp

text: The

text: MGB

text: constituents

text: Furka

text: Oberalp

text: Bahn

text: FO

text: and

text: Brig

text: Visp

text: Zermatt

text: Bahn

text: BVZ

text: introduced

text: their

text: electric

text: services

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: adopting

text: the

text: already

text: proven

text: RhB

text: system

question: How did non-standard gauge trains start to operate with high-voltage AC?

answer: adopting the already proven RhB system.

text: adopting the already proven RhB system.

question: When was the first trail of RhB system tested?

answer: 1913


text: Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: Postwar

text: broadcast

text: coverage

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: Birmingham

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Sutton

text: Coldfield

text: transmitting

text: station

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: covered

text: transmitting

text: a

text: interlaced

text: image

text: on

text: VHF.[original

text: research

question: What city received BBC signals starting in 1949?

answer: Birmingham

text: Birmingham

question: Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?

answer: Sutton Coldfield transmitting station

text: Sutton Coldfield transmitting station

question: What kind of image was broadcasted by the BBC by the mid-'50s?

answer: 405-line interlaced image

text: 405-line interlaced image

question: On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s?

answer: VHF

text: VHF


text: While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: While

text: the

text: footprint

text: of

text: the

text: Astra

text: satellite

text: was

text: smaller

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Astra

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: previously

text: broadcast

text: encrypted

text: it

text: meant

text: that

text: viewers

text: with

text: appropriate

text: equipment

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: receive

text: BBC

text: channels

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Consequently

text: some

text: rights

text: concerns

text: have

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: resolved

text: with

text: programme

text: providers

text: such

text: as

text: Hollywood

text: studios

text: and

text: sporting

text: organisations

text: which

text: have

text: expressed

text: concern

text: about

text: the

text: unencrypted

text: signal

text: leaking

text: out

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: some

text: broadcasts

text: being

text: made

text: unavailable

text: on

text: the

text: Sky

text: Digital

text: platform

text: such

text: as

text: Scottish

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: Scottish

text: Cup

text: football

text: while

text: on

text: other

text: platforms

text: such

text: broadcasts

text: were

text: not

text: disrupted

text: Later

text: when

text: rights

text: contracts

text: were

text: renewed

text: this

text: problem

text: was

text: resolved

question: With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?

answer: Western Europe

text: Western Europe

question: What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?

answer: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations

text: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations

question: On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights?

answer: Sky Digital

text: Sky Digital

question: What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?

answer: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football

text: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football


text: The city's K-12 enrollment in district run schools has dropped in the last five years from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. During the same time period, the enrollment in charter schools has increased from 33,995 students in 2010 to 62,358 students in 2015. This consistent drop in enrollment has led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013. During the 2014 school year, the city spent an average of $12,570 per pupil, below the average among comparable urban school districts.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: enrollment

text: in

text: district

text: run

text: schools

text: has

text: dropped

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: five

text: years

text: from

text: students

text: in

text: to

text: students

text: in

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: the

text: enrollment

text: in

text: charter

text: schools

text: has

text: increased

text: from

text: students

text: in

text: to

text: students

text: in

text: This

text: consistent

text: drop

text: in

text: enrollment

text: has

text: led

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: close

text: of

text: its

text: public

text: schools

text: in

text: During

text: the

text: school

text: year

text: the

text: city

text: spent

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: per

text: pupil

text: below

text: the

text: average

text: among

text: comparable

text: urban

text: school

text: districts

question: Has public school enrollment dropped or increased in the last 5 years?

answer: dropped

text: dropped

question: How many public schools have been closed in 2013?

answer: 24

question: How much does the city spend per year per child?

answer: $12,570


text: Early work in molecular genetics suggested the model that one gene makes one protein. This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Early

text: work

text: in

text: molecular

text: genetics

text: suggested

text: the

text: model

text: that

text: one

text: gene

text: makes

text: one

text: protein

text: This

text: model

text: has

text: been

text: refined

text: since

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: genes

text: that

text: can

text: encode

text: multiple

text: proteins

text: by

text: alternative

text: splicing

text: and

text: coding

text: sequences

text: split

text: in

text: short

text: section

text: across

text: the

text: genome

text: whose

text: mRNAs

text: are

text: concatenated

text: by

text: trans

text: splicing

question: What model did early work in molecular genetics suggest?

answer: the model that one gene makes one protein.

text: the model that one gene makes one protein.

question: What discovery caused the model that one gene makes one protein to be refined?

answer: the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins

text: the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins

question: How do genes encode multiple proteins?

answer: by alternative splicing and coding sequences

text: by alternative splicing and coding sequences

question: How are alternative splicing and coding sequences distributed?

answer: split in short section across the genome

text: split in short section across the genome

question: In order for a gene to encode multiple proteins, how must its mRNAs be arranged?

answer: concatenated by trans-splicing.

text: concatenated by trans-splicing.


text: The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: Armenians

text: collective

text: has

text: at

text: times

text: constituted

text: a

text: Christian

text: island

text: in

text: a

text: mostly

text: Muslim

text: region

text: There

text: is

text: however

text: a

text: minority

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Armenian

text: Muslims

text: known

text: as

text: Hamshenis

text: but

text: many

text: Armenians

text: view

text: them

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: race

text: while

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: in

text: Armenia

text: dates

text: back

text: years

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: had

text: close

text: ties

text: to

text: European

text: Crusader

text: States

text: Later

text: on

text: the

text: deteriorating

text: situation

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: led

text: the

text: bishops

text: of

text: Armenia

text: to

text: elect

text: a

text: Catholicos

text: in

text: Etchmiadzin

text: the

text: original

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Catholicosate

text: In

text: a

text: new

text: Catholicos

text: was

text: elected

text: in

text: Etchmiadzin

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: Kirakos

text: Virapetsi

text: while

text: Krikor

text: Moussapegiants

text: preserved

text: his

text: title

text: as

text: Catholicos

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: Therefore

text: since

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: two

text: Catholicosates

text: in

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Church

text: with

text: equal

text: rights

text: and

text: privileges

text: and

text: with

text: their

text: respective

text: jurisdictions

text: The

text: primacy

text: of

text: honor

text: of

text: the

text: Catholicosate

text: of

text: Etchmiadzin

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: Catholicosate

text: of

text: Cilicia

question: What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: What are Hamshenis?

answer: ethnic Armenian Muslims

text: ethnic Armenian Muslims

question: Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?

answer: Kirakos Virapetsi

text: Kirakos Virapetsi

question: Who remained Catholicos of Cilicia?

answer: Krikor Moussapegiants

text: Krikor Moussapegiants

question: How do the two Catholicosates compare?

answer: equal rights and privileges

text: equal rights and privileges


text: In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to pay tribute. They remained a strong power until 796. An additional problem to face the empire came as a result of the involvement of Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) in Persian politics when he intervened in a succession dispute. This led to a period of peace, but when Maurice was overthrown, the Persians invaded and during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) controlled large chunks of the empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, until Heraclius' successful counterattack. In 628 the empire secured a peace treaty and recovered all of its lost territories.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Empire

text: the

text: slow

text: infiltration

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: by

text: the

text: Slavs

text: added

text: a

text: further

text: difficulty

text: for

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: successors

text: It

text: began

text: gradually

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Slavic

text: tribes

text: were

text: in

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Illyrium

text: and

text: had

text: defeated

text: an

text: imperial

text: army

text: near

text: Adrianople

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: Avars

text: began

text: to

text: expand

text: from

text: their

text: base

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Danube

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: dominant

text: power

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: routinely

text: able

text: to

text: force

text: the

text: eastern

text: emperors

text: to

text: pay

text: tribute

text: They

text: remained

text: a

text: strong

text: power

text: until

text: An

text: additional

text: problem

text: to

text: face

text: the

text: empire

text: came

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: involvement

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Maurice

text: r.

text: in

text: Persian

text: politics

text: when

text: he

text: intervened

text: in

text: a

text: succession

text: dispute

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: peace

text: but

text: when

text: Maurice

text: was

text: overthrown

text: the

text: Persians

text: invaded

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Heraclius

text: r.

text: controlled

text: large

text: chunks

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: including

text: Egypt

text: Syria

text: and

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: until

text: Heraclius

text: successful

text: counterattack

text: In

text: the

text: empire

text: secured

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: and

text: recovered

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: lost

text: territories

question: Who defeated the Eastern Roman Empire near Adrianople in 551?

answer: Slavic tribes

text: Slavic tribes

question: What tribe received tribute from the Eastern Roman emperors in the 6th century?

answer: the Avars

text: the Avars

question: Near what river were the Avars originally based?

answer: the Danube

text: the Danube

question: During the reign of what Emperor did the Persians occupy Egypt?

answer: Heraclius

text: Heraclius

question: In what year did the reign of Maurice end?

answer: 602


text: Baptists, like other Christians, are defined by doctrine—some of it common to all orthodox and evangelical groups and a portion of it distinctive to Baptists. Through the years, different Baptist groups have issued confessions of faith—without considering them to be creeds—to express their particular doctrinal distinctions in comparison to other Christians as well as in comparison to other Baptists. Most Baptists are evangelical in doctrine, but Baptist beliefs can vary due to the congregational governance system that gives autonomy to individual local Baptist churches. Historically, Baptists have played a key role in encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Baptists

text: like

text: other

text: Christians

text: are

text: defined

text: by

text: doctrine

text: some

text: of

text: it

text: common

text: to

text: all

text: orthodox

text: and

text: evangelical

text: groups

text: and

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: it

text: distinctive

text: to

text: Baptists

text: Through

text: the

text: years

text: different

text: Baptist

text: groups

text: have

text: issued

text: confessions

text: of

text: faith

text: without

text: considering

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: creeds

text: to

text: express

text: their

text: particular

text: doctrinal

text: distinctions

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: other

text: Christians

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: other

text: Baptists

text: Most

text: Baptists

text: are

text: evangelical

text: in

text: doctrine

text: but

text: Baptist

text: beliefs

text: can

text: vary

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: congregational

text: governance

text: system

text: that

text: gives

text: autonomy

text: to

text: individual

text: local

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: Historically

text: Baptists

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: encouraging

text: religious

text: freedom

text: and

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

question: Baptists are defined by what?

answer: doctrine

text: doctrine

question: Baptists have issued what without considering them to be creeds?

answer: confessions of faith

text: confessions of faith

question: Most Baptists are what in doctrine?

answer: evangelical

text: evangelical

question: Baptists have played a key role in what?

answer: encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.

text: encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.