text: British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: British

text: imperial

text: strength

text: was

text: underpinned

text: by

text: the

text: steamship

text: and

text: the

text: telegraph

text: new

text: technologies

text: invented

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: allowing

text: it

text: to

text: control

text: and

text: defend

text: the

text: Empire

text: By

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: was

text: linked

text: together

text: by

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: telegraph

text: cables

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: All

text: Red

text: Line

text: Growing

text: until

text: around

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: territory

text: and

text: roughly

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: The

text: British

text: established

text: colonies

text: in

text: Australia

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: in

text: and

text: Fiji

text: in

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: Oceania

text: becoming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

question: What was British imperial strength replace by?

answer: steamship and the telegraph

text: steamship and the telegraph

question: What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?

answer: a network of telegraph cables

text: a network of telegraph cables

question: When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?

answer: the second half of the 19th century

text: the second half of the 19th century

question: How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?

answer: 458 million

text: 458 million

question: When did the British establish colonies in Australia?

answer: 1788


text: This idea was later developed in ancient philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology generally emphasized that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon." Later stoics, such as Sextus of Chaeronea, would continue this idea of empiricism in later Stoic writings as well. As Sextus contends "For every thought comes from sense-perception or not without sense-perception and either from direct experience or not without direct experience" (Against the Professors, 8.56-8).

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: This

text: idea

text: was

text: later

text: developed

text: in

text: ancient

text: philosophy

text: by

text: the

text: Stoic

text: school

text: Stoic

text: epistemology

text: generally

text: emphasized

text: that

text: the

text: mind

text: starts

text: blank

text: but

text: acquires

text: knowledge

text: as

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: is

text: impressed

text: upon

text: it

text: The

text: doxographer

text: Aetius

text: summarizes

text: this

text: view

text: as

text: When

text: a

text: man

text: is

text: born

text: the

text: Stoics

text: say

text: he

text: has

text: the

text: commanding

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: soul

text: like

text: a

text: sheet

text: of

text: paper

text: ready

text: for

text: writing

text: upon

text: Later

text: stoics

text: such

text: as

text: Sextus

text: of

text: Chaeronea

text: would

text: continue

text: this

text: idea

text: of

text: empiricism

text: in

text: later

text: Stoic

text: writings

text: as

text: well

text: As

text: Sextus

text: contends

text: For

text: every

text: thought

text: comes

text: from

text: sense

text: perception

text: or

text: not

text: without

text: sense

text: perception

text: and

text: either

text: from

text: direct

text: experience

text: or

text: not

text: without

text: direct

text: experience

text: Against

text: the

text: Professors

question: What is the Stoic view?

answer: the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it

text: the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it

question: What was Aetius's career?

answer: doxographer

text: doxographer

question: Where was Sextus from?

answer: Chaeronea

text: Chaeronea

question: Who wrote 'Against the Professors'?

answer: Sextus

text: Sextus

question: Whose ideas did Sextus build on?

answer: Aetius

text: Aetius


text: The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama, after increasing their presence in the Amdo region. This culminated in Güshi Khan's (1582–1655) conquest of Tibet from 1637–1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: The

text: Ming

text: initiated

text: sporadic

text: armed

text: intervention

text: in

text: Tibet

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: garrison

text: permanent

text: troops

text: there

text: At

text: times

text: the

text: Tibetans

text: also

text: used

text: armed

text: resistance

text: against

text: Ming

text: forays

text: The

text: Wanli

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: made

text: attempts

text: to

text: reestablish

text: Sino

text: Tibetan

text: relations

text: after

text: the

text: Mongol

text: Tibetan

text: alliance

text: initiated

text: in

text: which

text: affected

text: the

text: foreign

text: policy

text: of

text: the

text: subsequent

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: of

text: China

text: in

text: their

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: of

text: the

text: Gelug

text: school

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: Mongols

text: were

text: successful

text: armed

text: protectors

text: of

text: the

text: Gelug

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: after

text: increasing

text: their

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: Amdo

text: region

text: This

text: culminated

text: in

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: 's

text: conquest

text: of

text: Tibet

text: from

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Ganden

text: Phodrang

text: regime

text: by

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: with

text: his

text: help

question: What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?

answer: armed resistance

text: armed resistance

question: Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?

answer: the Mongols

text: the Mongols

question: Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish?

answer: the Ganden Phodrang

text: the Ganden Phodrang

question: When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?

answer: 1578


text: In 1945, Plymouth-born Michael Foot was elected Labour MP for the war-torn constituency of Plymouth Devonport and after serving as Secretary of State for Education and responsible for the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act, went on to become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: In

text: Plymouth

text: born

text: Michael

text: Foot

text: was

text: elected

text: Labour

text: MP

text: for

text: the

text: war

text: torn

text: constituency

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: Devonport

text: and

text: after

text: serving

text: as

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Education

text: and

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: Health

text: and

text: Safety

text: at

text: Work

text: Act

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: distinguished

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: party

question: What constituency did MP Michael Foot represent?

answer: Plymouth Devonport

text: Plymouth Devonport

question: What position was Michael Foot noted to occupy in government?

answer: Secretary of State for Education

text: Secretary of State for Education

question: What notable piece of legislation did Michael Foot contribute to?

answer: 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act

text: 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act

question: What party did Michael Foot become a leader of?

answer: Labour

text: Labour

question: In what town was Michael Foot born?

answer: Plymouth

text: Plymouth


text: Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Natalia Kills. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed and evolved". The album, titled Rebel Heart, was released on March 10, 2015. From September 2015, she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album; the tour ended in March 2016 and traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was the singer's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a one-off show for her fans. It grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales. While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of her son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London, and after multiple deliberations, Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody, and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: also

text: began

text: work

text: on

text: her

text: thirteenth

text: studio

text: album

text: with

text: collaborators

text: including

text: Avicii

text: Diplo

text: and

text: Natalia

text: Kills

text: In

text: December

text: thirteen

text: demos

text: recorded

text: for

text: the

text: album

text: leaked

text: onto

text: the

text: Internet

text: She

text: posted

text: in

text: response

text: that

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: tracks

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: final

text: release

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: half

text: had

text: changed

text: and

text: evolved

text: The

text: album

text: titled

text: Rebel

text: Heart

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: From

text: September

text: she

text: embarked

text: on

text: the

text: Rebel

text: Heart

text: Tour

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: album

text: the

text: tour

text: ended

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: traveled

text: throughout

text: North

text: America

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: singer

text: 's

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: years

text: where

text: she

text: also

text: performed

text: a

text: one

text: off

text: show

text: for

text: her

text: fans

text: It

text: grossed

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: from

text: the

text: shows

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: ticket

text: sales

text: While

text: on

text: tour

text: Madonna

text: became

text: embroiled

text: in

text: a

text: legal

text: battle

text: with

text: Ritchie

text: over

text: the

text: custody

text: of

text: her

text: son

text: Rocco

text: The

text: dispute

text: started

text: when

text: Rocco

text: decided

text: to

text: continue

text: living

text: at

text: England

text: with

text: Ritchie

text: when

text: the

text: Rebel

text: Heart

text: Tour

text: had

text: visited

text: there

text: while

text: Madonna

text: wanted

text: him

text: to

text: return

text: with

text: her

text: Court

text: hearings

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: both

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: London

text: and

text: after

text: multiple

text: deliberations

text: Madonna

text: decided

text: to

text: withdraw

text: her

text: application

text: for

text: custody

text: and

text: appealed

text: for

text: a

text: mutual

text: discussion

text: between

text: herself

text: and

text: Ritchie

text: about

text: Rocco

question: When did Madonna's album demo leaked online?

answer: December 2014

text: December 2014

question: What is Madonna's thirteenth album called?

answer: Rebel Heart

text: Rebel Heart

question: When was Rebel Heart released?

answer: March 10, 2015

text: March 10, 2015

question: When did Madonna embark on the Rebel Heart Tour?

answer: September 2015

text: September 2015

question: How much did Rebel Heart Tour grossed?

answer: $169.8 million

text: $169.8 million


text: The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: The

text: route

text: carried

text: the

text: torch

text: through

text: six

text: continents

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: to

text: August

text: The

text: planned

text: route

text: originally

text: included

text: a

text: stop

text: in

text: Taipei

text: between

text: Ho

text: Chi

text: Minh

text: City

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: but

text: there

text: was

text: disagreement

text: in

text: Beijing

text: and

text: Taipei

text: over

text: language

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: whether

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: international

text: or

text: a

text: domestic

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: route

text: While

text: the

text: Olympic

text: committees

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: Chinese

text: Taipei

text: reached

text: initial

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: approach

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: intervened

text: stating

text: that

text: this

text: placement

text: could

text: be

text: interpreted

text: as

text: placing

text: Taiwan

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: as

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: an

text: implication

text: it

text: objected

text: to

text: The

text: Beijing

text: Organizing

text: Committee

text: attempted

text: to

text: continue

text: negotiation

text: but

text: further

text: disputes

text: arose

text: over

text: the

text: flag

text: or

text: the

text: anthem

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: along

text: the

text: km

text: torch

text: route

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: By

text: the

text: midnight

text: deadline

text: for

text: concluding

text: the

text: negotiation

text: on

text: September

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: China

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: come

text: to

text: terms

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: Torch

text: Relay

text: In

text: the

text: end

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Strait

text: decided

text: to

text: eliminate

text: the

text: Taipei

text: leg

question: How many continents did the torch visit?

answer: six

text: six

question: What was the stop that was to happen between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong?

answer: Taipei

text: Taipei

question: The Republic of China felt that the wrong decision could place Taiwan on the same level as what two areas?

answer: Hong Kong and Macau

text: Hong Kong and Macau

question: The torch route covered six what?

answer: continents

text: continents

question: What government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route?

answer: Taiwan.

text: Taiwan.

question: What two places did Taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch's route description?

answer: Hong Kong and Macau

text: Hong Kong and Macau

question: How many kilometers was the torch supposed to go through Taiwan?

answer: 24


text: In the first half of the 11th century, Hai Gaon refers to questions that had been addressed to him from Ashkenaz, by which he undoubtedly means Germany. Rashi in the latter half of the 11th century refers to both the language of Ashkenaz and the country of Ashkenaz. During the 12th century, the word appears quite frequently. In the Mahzor Vitry, the kingdom of Ashkenaz is referred to chiefly in regard to the ritual of the synagogue there, but occasionally also with regard to certain other observances.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Hai

text: Gaon

text: refers

text: to

text: questions

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: addressed

text: to

text: him

text: from

text: Ashkenaz

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: undoubtedly

text: means

text: Germany

text: Rashi

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: refers

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: Ashkenaz

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: Ashkenaz

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: word

text: appears

text: quite

text: frequently

text: In

text: the

text: Mahzor

text: Vitry

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Ashkenaz

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: chiefly

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: ritual

text: of

text: the

text: synagogue

text: there

text: but

text: occasionally

text: also

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: certain

text: other

text: observances

question: When did Hai Gaon refer to questions that had been addressed to him from Ashkenaz?

answer: the first half of the 11th century

text: the first half of the 11th century

question: Who is Hai Gaon thought to be referring to when he says Ashkenaz?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: In the latter half of the 11th century, Rashi refers to what two things?

answer: both the language of Ashkenaz and the country of Ashkenaz

text: both the language of Ashkenaz and the country of Ashkenaz


text: In Old Chinese, (e.g. Classical Chinese) most words were monosyllabic and there was a close correspondence between characters and words. In modern Chinese (esp. Mandarin Chinese), characters do not necessarily correspond to words; indeed the majority of Chinese words today consist of two or more characters due to the merging and loss of sounds in the Chinese language over time. Rather, a character almost always corresponds to a single syllable that is also a morpheme. However, there are a few exceptions to this general correspondence, including bisyllabic morphemes (written with two characters), bimorphemic syllables (written with two characters) and cases where a single character represents a polysyllabic word or phrase.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: Old

text: Chinese

text: e.g.

text: Classical

text: Chinese

text: most

text: words

text: were

text: monosyllabic

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: close

text: correspondence

text: between

text: characters

text: and

text: words

text: In

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: esp

text: Mandarin

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: do

text: not

text: necessarily

text: correspond

text: to

text: words

text: indeed

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Chinese

text: words

text: today

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: characters

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: merging

text: and

text: loss

text: of

text: sounds

text: in

text: the

text: Chinese

text: language

text: over

text: time

text: Rather

text: a

text: character

text: almost

text: always

text: corresponds

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: syllable

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: morpheme

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: few

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: general

text: correspondence

text: including

text: bisyllabic

text: morphemes

text: written

text: with

text: two

text: characters

text: bimorphemic

text: syllables

text: written

text: with

text: two

text: characters

text: and

text: cases

text: where

text: a

text: single

text: character

text: represents

text: a

text: polysyllabic

text: word

text: or

text: phrase

question: What are most words in Old Chinese?

answer: monosyllabic

text: monosyllabic

question: What almost always corresponds to a single syllable?

answer: character

text: character

question: What is written with two characters?

answer: bisyllabic morphemes

text: bisyllabic morphemes


text: In the United States, political commentators often refer to the "red states", which traditionally vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections, and "blue states", which vote for the Democratic candidate. This convention is relatively recent: before the 2000 presidential election, media outlets assigned red and blue to both parties, sometimes alternating the allocation for each election. Fixed usage was established during the 39-day recount following the 2000 election, when the media began to discuss the contest in terms of "red states" versus "blue states".

title: Red

title: Red

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: political

text: commentators

text: often

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: red

text: states

text: which

text: traditionally

text: vote

text: for

text: Republican

text: candidates

text: in

text: presidential

text: elections

text: and

text: blue

text: states

text: which

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: Democratic

text: candidate

text: This

text: convention

text: is

text: relatively

text: recent

text: before

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: media

text: outlets

text: assigned

text: red

text: and

text: blue

text: to

text: both

text: parties

text: sometimes

text: alternating

text: the

text: allocation

text: for

text: each

text: election

text: Fixed

text: usage

text: was

text: established

text: during

text: the

text: recount

text: following

text: the

text: election

text: when

text: the

text: media

text: began

text: to

text: discuss

text: the

text: contest

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: red

text: states

text: versus

text: blue

text: states

question: How many days did the recount after the 2000 US election last for?

answer: 39

question: In the USA red states are known to do what, in terms of politics?

answer: vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections

text: vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections

question: In what year did the concept of red and blue states become relatively fixed?

answer: 2000

question: In the United States states that vote for Democratic presidential candidates are known as what?

answer: blue states

text: blue states


text: Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central government which controlled foreign policy and military affairs, while leaving most of the local governing to the city states, a system termed sympoliteia. In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans. The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Other

text: city

text: states

text: formed

text: federated

text: states

text: in

text: self

text: defense

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Aetolian

text: League

text: est

text: BCE

text: the

text: Achaean

text: League

text: est

text: BCE

text: the

text: Boeotian

text: league

text: the

text: Northern

text: League

text: Byzantium

text: Chalcedon

text: Heraclea

text: Pontica

text: and

text: Tium

text: and

text: the

text: Nesiotic

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Cyclades

text: These

text: federations

text: involved

text: a

text: central

text: government

text: which

text: controlled

text: foreign

text: policy

text: and

text: military

text: affairs

text: while

text: leaving

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: governing

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: states

text: a

text: system

text: termed

text: sympoliteia

text: In

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Achaean

text: league

text: this

text: also

text: involved

text: the

text: admission

text: of

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: into

text: the

text: federation

text: with

text: equal

text: rights

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: non

text: Achaeans

text: The

text: Achean

text: league

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: drive

text: out

text: the

text: Macedonians

text: from

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: and

text: free

text: Corinth

text: which

text: duly

text: joined

text: the

text: league

question: When was the Aetolian League formed?

answer: 370 BCE

text: 370 BCE

question: When was the Achaean League formed?

answer: 280 BCE

text: 280 BCE

question: Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium formed what league?

answer: Northern League

text: Northern League

question: What system delegates military and foreign affairs to the central government and local affairs to the city states?

answer: sympoliteia

text: sympoliteia

question: What league freed Corinth?

answer: Achean

text: Achean


text: Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College; there is one main theatre, called the Farrer (seating 400) and 2 Studio theatres, called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space (seating 90 and 80 respectively). There are about 8 or 9 house productions each year, around 3 or 4 "independent" plays (not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians) and three school plays, one specifically for boys in the first two years, and two open to all years. The School Plays have such good reputations that they are normally fully booked every night. Productions also take place in varying locations around the School, varying from the sports fields to more historic buildings such as Upper School and College Chapel.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Numerous

text: plays

text: are

text: put

text: on

text: every

text: year

text: at

text: Eton

text: College

text: there

text: is

text: one

text: main

text: theatre

text: called

text: the

text: Farrer

text: seating

text: and

text: Studio

text: theatres

text: called

text: the

text: Caccia

text: Studio

text: and

text: Empty

text: Space

text: seating

text: and

text: respectively

text: There

text: are

text: about

text: or

text: house

text: productions

text: each

text: year

text: around

text: or

text: independent

text: plays

text: not

text: confined

text: solely

text: to

text: one

text: house

text: produced

text: directed

text: and

text: funded

text: by

text: Etonians

text: and

text: three

text: school

text: plays

text: one

text: specifically

text: for

text: boys

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: years

text: and

text: two

text: open

text: to

text: all

text: years

text: The

text: School

text: Plays

text: have

text: such

text: good

text: reputations

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: normally

text: fully

text: booked

text: every

text: night

text: Productions

text: also

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: varying

text: locations

text: around

text: the

text: School

text: varying

text: from

text: the

text: sports

text: fields

text: to

text: more

text: historic

text: buildings

text: such

text: as

text: Upper

text: School

text: and

text: College

text: Chapel

question: How many people can sit in the audience at Eton's main theatre?

answer: 400

question: What is the name of Eton's largest theatre?

answer: Farrer

text: Farrer

question: How many house productions does Eton run each year?

answer: about 8 or 9

text: about 8 or 9

question: What are "independent" theatre productions at Eton?

answer: not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians

text: not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians

question: Do the plays sport high attendance rates?

answer: fully booked every night

text: fully booked every night


text: In Burma the British, under intense pressure, made a fighting retreat from Rangoon to the Indo-Burmese border. This cut the Burma Road which was the western Allies' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists. In March 1942, Chinese Expeditionary Force started to attack Japanese forces in northern Burma. On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division led by Sun Li-jen. Cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan, and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their area of operations in occupied territories. Most of the Nationalist guerrilla areas were eventually overtaken by the Communists. On the other hand, some Nationalist units were deployed to blockade the Communists and not the Japanese. Furthermore, many of the forces of the Chinese Nationalists were warlords allied to Chiang Kai-Shek, but not directly under his command. "Of the 1,200,000 troops under Chiang's control, only 650,000 were directly controlled by his generals, and another 550,000 controlled by warlords who claimed loyalty to his government; the strongest force was the Szechuan army of 320,000 men. The defeat of this army would do much to end Chiang's power." The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their offensives.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: In

text: Burma

text: the

text: British

text: under

text: intense

text: pressure

text: made

text: a

text: fighting

text: retreat

text: from

text: Rangoon

text: to

text: the

text: Indo

text: Burmese

text: border

text: This

text: cut

text: the

text: Burma

text: Road

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: western

text: Allies

text: supply

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Nationalists

text: In

text: March

text: Chinese

text: Expeditionary

text: Force

text: started

text: to

text: attack

text: Japanese

text: forces

text: in

text: northern

text: Burma

text: On

text: April

text: British

text: soldiers

text: were

text: encircled

text: by

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Division

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Yenangyaung

text: and

text: rescued

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Division

text: led

text: by

text: Sun

text: Li

text: jen

text: Cooperation

text: between

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Nationalists

text: and

text: the

text: Communists

text: had

text: waned

text: from

text: its

text: zenith

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Wuhan

text: and

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: had

text: gone

text: sour

text: as

text: both

text: attempted

text: to

text: expand

text: their

text: area

text: of

text: operations

text: in

text: occupied

text: territories

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: guerrilla

text: areas

text: were

text: eventually

text: overtaken

text: by

text: the

text: Communists

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: some

text: Nationalist

text: units

text: were

text: deployed

text: to

text: blockade

text: the

text: Communists

text: and

text: not

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Furthermore

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Nationalists

text: were

text: warlords

text: allied

text: to

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: Shek

text: but

text: not

text: directly

text: under

text: his

text: command

text: Of

text: the

text: troops

text: under

text: Chiang

text: 's

text: control

text: only

text: were

text: directly

text: controlled

text: by

text: his

text: generals

text: and

text: another

text: controlled

text: by

text: warlords

text: who

text: claimed

text: loyalty

text: to

text: his

text: government

text: the

text: strongest

text: force

text: was

text: the

text: Szechuan

text: army

text: of

text: men

text: The

text: defeat

text: of

text: this

text: army

text: would

text: do

text: much

text: to

text: end

text: Chiang

text: 's

text: power

text: The

text: Japanese

text: exploited

text: this

text: lack

text: of

text: unity

text: to

text: press

text: ahead

text: in

text: their

text: offensives

question: When did the Chinese attack Burma?

answer: March 1942

text: March 1942

question: How many British soldiers were rescued by the Chinese 38th Division on April 16??

answer: 7,000

question: Who led the rescue of British forces during the Battle of Yenangyaung?

answer: Sun Li-jen

text: Sun Li-jen

question: How many of Chiang Kai-Shek's troops were controlled by warlords?

answer: 550,000

question: What was Chiang Kai-Shek's strongest army?

answer: Szechuan army

text: Szechuan army


text: The Hebrew Bible, a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews, established the first of the Abrahamic religions, which are now practiced by 54% of the world. Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, and has been called not only a religion, but also a "way of life," which has made drawing a clear distinction between Judaism, Jewish culture, and Jewish identity rather difficult. Throughout history, in eras and places as diverse as the ancient Hellenic world, in Europe before and after The Age of Enlightenment (see Haskalah), in Islamic Spain and Portugal, in North Africa and the Middle East, India, China, or the contemporary United States and Israel, cultural phenomena have developed that are in some sense characteristically Jewish without being at all specifically religious. Some factors in this come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews or specific communities of Jews with their surroundings, others from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community, as opposed to from the religion itself. This phenomenon has led to considerably different Jewish cultures unique to their own communities, each as authentically Jewish as the next.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: The

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: a

text: religious

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: traditions

text: and

text: early

text: national

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: which

text: are

text: now

text: practiced

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Judaism

text: guides

text: its

text: adherents

text: in

text: both

text: practice

text: and

text: belief

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: not

text: only

text: a

text: religion

text: but

text: also

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: which

text: has

text: made

text: drawing

text: a

text: clear

text: distinction

text: between

text: Judaism

text: Jewish

text: culture

text: and

text: Jewish

text: identity

text: rather

text: difficult

text: Throughout

text: history

text: in

text: eras

text: and

text: places

text: as

text: diverse

text: as

text: the

text: ancient

text: Hellenic

text: world

text: in

text: Europe

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: The

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: see

text: Haskalah

text: in

text: Islamic

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: India

text: China

text: or

text: the

text: contemporary

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Israel

text: cultural

text: phenomena

text: have

text: developed

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: some

text: sense

text: characteristically

text: Jewish

text: without

text: being

text: at

text: all

text: specifically

text: religious

text: Some

text: factors

text: in

text: this

text: come

text: from

text: within

text: Judaism

text: others

text: from

text: the

text: interaction

text: of

text: Jews

text: or

text: specific

text: communities

text: of

text: Jews

text: with

text: their

text: surroundings

text: others

text: from

text: the

text: inner

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: dynamics

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: from

text: the

text: religion

text: itself

text: This

text: phenomenon

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: considerably

text: different

text: Jewish

text: cultures

text: unique

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: communities

text: each

text: as

text: authentically

text: Jewish

text: as

text: the

text: next

question: What book is considered a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews?

answer: The Hebrew Bible

text: The Hebrew Bible

question: What religions are now practiced by 54% of the world?

answer: Abrahamic religions

text: Abrahamic religions

question: What is the Hebrew Bible?

answer: a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews

text: a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews


text: At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Minorca. Gibraltar became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean. Spain also ceded the rights to the lucrative asiento (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America) to Britain.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: At

text: the

text: concluding

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: Philip

text: renounced

text: his

text: and

text: his

text: descendants

text: right

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: throne

text: and

text: Spain

text: lost

text: its

text: empire

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: British

text: Empire

text: was

text: territorially

text: enlarged

text: from

text: France

text: Britain

text: gained

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Acadia

text: and

text: from

text: Spain

text: Gibraltar

text: and

text: Minorca

text: Gibraltar

text: became

text: a

text: critical

text: naval

text: base

text: and

text: allowed

text: Britain

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: entry

text: and

text: exit

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Spain

text: also

text: ceded

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: lucrative

text: asiento

text: permission

text: to

text: sell

text: slaves

text: in

text: Spanish

text: America

text: to

text: Britain

question: King Philip renounced his right to the throne after what treaty?

answer: Treaty of Utrecht

text: Treaty of Utrecht

question: Which country did Britain acquire Newfoundland and Acadia from?

answer: France

text: France

question: Which country did Britain acquire Gibraltar and Minorca from?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: Which colony allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean?

answer: permission to sell slaves in Spanish America

text: permission to sell slaves in Spanish America

question: What was the Spanish term for permission to sell slaves in Spanish America?

answer: asiento

text: asiento


text: Around 930 BCE, the kingdom split into a southern Kingdom of Judah and a northern Kingdom of Israel. From the middle of the 8th century BCE Israel came into increasing conflict with the expanding neo-Assyrian empire. Under Tiglath-Pileser III it first split Israel's territory into several smaller units and then destroyed its capital, Samaria (722 BCE). An Israelite revolt (724–722 BCE) was crushed after the siege and capture of Samaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II. Sargon's son, Sennacherib, tried and failed to conquer Judah. Assyrian records say he leveled 46 walled cities and besieged Jerusalem, leaving after receiving extensive tribute.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Around

text: BCE

text: the

text: kingdom

text: split

text: into

text: a

text: southern

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: and

text: a

text: northern

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Israel

text: From

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Israel

text: came

text: into

text: increasing

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: expanding

text: neo

text: Assyrian

text: empire

text: Under

text: Tiglath

text: Pileser

text: III

text: it

text: first

text: split

text: Israel

text: 's

text: territory

text: into

text: several

text: smaller

text: units

text: and

text: then

text: destroyed

text: its

text: capital

text: Samaria

text: BCE

text: An

text: Israelite

text: revolt

text: BCE

text: was

text: crushed

text: after

text: the

text: siege

text: and

text: capture

text: of

text: Samaria

text: by

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: king

text: Sargon

text: II

text: Sargon

text: 's

text: son

text: Sennacherib

text: tried

text: and

text: failed

text: to

text: conquer

text: Judah

text: Assyrian

text: records

text: say

text: he

text: leveled

text: walled

text: cities

text: and

text: besieged

text: Jerusalem

text: leaving

text: after

text: receiving

text: extensive

text: tribute

question: When did the kingdom split?

answer: 930 BCE

text: 930 BCE

question: What was the name of the destroyed capital?

answer: Samaria

text: Samaria

question: Who captured Samaria?

answer: Assyrian king Sargon II

text: Assyrian king Sargon II


text: Before the war, many observers believed the US and its allies could win but might suffer substantial casualties (certainly more than any conflict since Vietnam), and that the tank battles across the harsh desert might rival those of North Africa during World War II. After nearly 50 years of proxy wars, and constant fears of another war in Europe between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, some thought the Persian Gulf War might finally answer the question of which military philosophy would have reigned supreme. Iraqi forces were battle-hardened after 8 years of war with Iran, and they were well equipped with late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters, but the antiaircraft weapons were crippled; in comparison, the US had no large-scale combat experience since its withdrawal from Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier, and major changes in US doctrine, equipment and technology since then had never been tested under fire.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: Before

text: the

text: war

text: many

text: observers

text: believed

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: could

text: win

text: but

text: might

text: suffer

text: substantial

text: casualties

text: certainly

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: conflict

text: since

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: tank

text: battles

text: across

text: the

text: harsh

text: desert

text: might

text: rival

text: those

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: After

text: nearly

text: years

text: of

text: proxy

text: wars

text: and

text: constant

text: fears

text: of

text: another

text: war

text: in

text: Europe

text: between

text: NATO

text: and

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: some

text: thought

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: War

text: might

text: finally

text: answer

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: which

text: military

text: philosophy

text: would

text: have

text: reigned

text: supreme

text: Iraqi

text: forces

text: were

text: battle

text: hardened

text: after

text: years

text: of

text: war

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: well

text: equipped

text: with

text: late

text: model

text: Soviet

text: tanks

text: and

text: jet

text: fighters

text: but

text: the

text: antiaircraft

text: weapons

text: were

text: crippled

text: in

text: comparison

text: the

text: US

text: had

text: no

text: large

text: scale

text: combat

text: experience

text: since

text: its

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: Vietnam

text: nearly

text: years

text: earlier

text: and

text: major

text: changes

text: in

text: US

text: doctrine

text: equipment

text: and

text: technology

text: since

text: then

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: tested

text: under

text: fire

question: What conflict was supposed to have provided Iraqi forces with battle experience?

answer: 8 years of war with Iran

text: 8 years of war with Iran

question: Some observers thought that the Persian Gulf War would have tank battles similar to what war?

answer: North Africa during World War II

text: North Africa during World War II

question: What equipment did the Iraqi army possess?

answer: late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters

text: late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters

question: Prior to the Persian Gulf War, where and when was the last major American military conflict?

answer: Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier

text: Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier

question: What problem did the Iraqi forces have?

answer: the antiaircraft weapons were crippled

text: the antiaircraft weapons were crippled


text: Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect which is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Beer

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: widely

text: consumed

text: and

text: likely

text: the

text: oldest

text: alcoholic

text: beverage

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: popular

text: drink

text: overall

text: after

text: water

text: and

text: tea

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: brewing

text: which

text: involves

text: the

text: fermentation

text: of

text: starches

text: mainly

text: derived

text: from

text: cereal

text: grains

text: most

text: commonly

text: malted

text: barley

text: although

text: wheat

text: maize

text: corn

text: and

text: rice

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: Most

text: beer

text: is

text: flavoured

text: with

text: hops

text: which

text: add

text: bitterness

text: and

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: natural

text: preservative

text: though

text: other

text: flavourings

text: such

text: as

text: herbs

text: or

text: fruit

text: may

text: occasionally

text: be

text: included

text: The

text: fermentation

text: process

text: causes

text: a

text: natural

text: carbonation

text: effect

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: removed

text: during

text: processing

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: forced

text: carbonation

text: Some

text: of

text: humanity

text: 's

text: earliest

text: known

text: writings

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: beer

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Hammurabi

text: included

text: laws

text: regulating

text: beer

text: and

text: beer

text: parlours

text: and

text: The

text: Hymn

text: to

text: Ninkasi

text: a

text: prayer

text: to

text: the

text: Mesopotamian

text: goddess

text: of

text: beer

text: served

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: prayer

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: remembering

text: the

text: recipe

text: for

text: beer

text: in

text: a

text: culture

text: with

text: few

text: literate

text: people

question: What is most popular alcoholic drink in the world?

answer: Beer

text: Beer

question: What is believed to be the oldest alcoholic drinking the world?

answer: Beer

text: Beer

question: What is the term used to describe the making beer?

answer: brewing

text: brewing

question: What brewing process naturally carbonates beer?

answer: fermentation

text: fermentation

question: What prayer did people use in Mesopotamia to remember a beer recipe?

answer: The Hymn to Ninkasi

text: The Hymn to Ninkasi


text: Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: pink

text: sand

text: beaches

text: and

text: clear

text: cerulean

text: blue

text: ocean

text: waters

text: are

text: popular

text: with

text: tourists

text: Many

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: hotels

text: are

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: south

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: its

text: beaches

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: sightseeing

text: attractions

text: Historic

text: St

text: George

text: 's

text: is

text: a

text: designated

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: Scuba

text: divers

text: can

text: explore

text: numerous

text: wrecks

text: and

text: coral

text: reefs

text: in

text: relatively

text: shallow

text: water

text: typically

text: ft

text: or

text: m

text: in

text: depth

text: with

text: virtually

text: unlimited

text: visibility

text: Many

text: nearby

text: reefs

text: are

text: readily

text: accessible

text: from

text: shore

text: by

text: snorkellers

text: especially

text: at

text: Church

text: Bay

question: What directional shore of Bermuda is home to the majority of its hotels?

answer: the south shore of the island

text: the south shore of the island

question: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular?

answer: Scuba

text: Scuba

question: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?

answer: World Heritage Site

text: World Heritage Site

question: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?

answer: pink

text: pink

question: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?

answer: south shore of the island

text: south shore of the island

question: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?

answer: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters

text: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters

question: What has St. George been designated as?

answer: World Heritage Site

text: World Heritage Site

question: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda?

answer: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water

text: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water

question: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers?

answer: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore

text: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore


text: The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global standards. Ben Nevis rises to an elevation of only 1,344 metres (4,409 ft), and Lough Neagh, which is notably larger than other lakes on the isles, covers 390 square kilometres (151 sq mi). The climate is temperate marine, with mild winters and warm summers. The North Atlantic Drift brings significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the latitude. This led to a landscape which was long dominated by temperate rainforest, although human activity has since cleared the vast majority of forest cover. The region was re-inhabited after the last glacial period of Quaternary glaciation, by 12,000 BC when Great Britain was still a peninsula of the European continent. Ireland, which became an island by 12,000 BC, was not inhabited until after 8000 BC. Great Britain became an island by 5600 BC.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: The

text: oldest

text: rocks

text: in

text: the

text: group

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Ireland

text: and

text: North

text: Wales

text: and

text: are

text: million

text: years

text: old

text: During

text: the

text: Silurian

text: period

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: regions

text: collided

text: with

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: separate

text: continental

text: landmass

text: The

text: topography

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: is

text: modest

text: in

text: scale

text: by

text: global

text: standards

text: Ben

text: Nevis

text: rises

text: to

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: only

text: metres

text: ft

text: and

text: Lough

text: Neagh

text: which

text: is

text: notably

text: larger

text: than

text: other

text: lakes

text: on

text: the

text: isles

text: covers

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: climate

text: is

text: temperate

text: marine

text: with

text: mild

text: winters

text: and

text: warm

text: summers

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Drift

text: brings

text: significant

text: moisture

text: and

text: raises

text: temperatures

text: C

text: F

text: above

text: the

text: global

text: average

text: for

text: the

text: latitude

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: landscape

text: which

text: was

text: long

text: dominated

text: by

text: temperate

text: rainforest

text: although

text: human

text: activity

text: has

text: since

text: cleared

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: forest

text: cover

text: The

text: region

text: was

text: re

text: inhabited

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: glacial

text: period

text: of

text: Quaternary

text: glaciation

text: by

text: BC

text: when

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: peninsula

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: Ireland

text: which

text: became

text: an

text: island

text: by

text: BC

text: was

text: not

text: inhabited

text: until

text: after

text: BC

text: Great

text: Britain

text: became

text: an

text: island

text: by

text: BC

question: What is the age of the oldest rocks in the north western part of Scotland?

answer: 2,700 million years old

text: 2,700 million years old

question: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?

answer: 1,344 metres (4,409 ft

text: 1,344 metres (4,409 ft

question: What type of climate does this area have?

answer: temperate marine

text: temperate marine

question: Around 12,000 BC, Great Britain was still a peninsula on what continent?

answer: European continent.

text: European continent.

question: When is it believed that Ireland became inhabited?

answer: after 8000 BC

text: after 8000 BC


text: Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction:

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Integral

text: to

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: how

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: named

text: Terra

text: Australis

text: this

text: name

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: Australia

text: instead

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: mistake

text: made

text: by

text: people

text: who

text: decided

text: that

text: a

text: significant

text: landmass

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: found

text: farther

text: south

text: than

text: Australia

text: Explorer

text: Matthew

text: Flinders

text: in

text: particular

text: has

text: been

text: credited

text: with

text: popularizing

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Terra

text: Australis

text: to

text: Australia

text: He

text: justified

text: the

text: titling

text: of

text: his

text: book

text: A

text: Voyage

text: to

text: Terra

text: Australis

text: by

text: writing

text: in

text: the

text: introduction

question: What country was given the name Terra Australis instead of Antarctica?

answer: Australia

text: Australia

question: Who was credited with popularizing the use of name Terra Australis to Australia?

answer: Explorer Matthew Flinders

text: Explorer Matthew Flinders

question: In what year did Matthew Flinders write his book A Voyage to Terra Australis?

answer: 1814

question: What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia?

answer: significant landmass

text: significant landmass

question: What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia?

answer: Matthew Flinders

text: Matthew Flinders

question: What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia?

answer: A Voyage to Terra Australis

text: A Voyage to Terra Australis

question: When did Flinders write his book of discovery?

answer: 1814

question: What event caused people to misname Antarctica?

answer: mistake

text: mistake


text: Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries which are then closed down. Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of traditional names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Pubs

text: within

text: a

text: chain

text: will

text: usually

text: have

text: items

text: in

text: common

text: such

text: as

text: fittings

text: promotions

text: ambience

text: and

text: range

text: of

text: food

text: and

text: drink

text: on

text: offer

text: A

text: pub

text: chain

text: will

text: position

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: marketplace

text: for

text: a

text: target

text: audience

text: One

text: company

text: may

text: run

text: several

text: pub

text: chains

text: aimed

text: at

text: different

text: segments

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: Pubs

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: a

text: chain

text: are

text: bought

text: and

text: sold

text: in

text: large

text: units

text: often

text: from

text: regional

text: breweries

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: closed

text: down

text: Newly

text: acquired

text: pubs

text: are

text: often

text: renamed

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: owners

text: and

text: many

text: people

text: resent

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: traditional

text: names

text: especially

text: if

text: their

text: favourite

text: regional

text: beer

text: disappears

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

question: When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them?

answer: renamed

text: renamed

question: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?

answer: closed down

text: closed down


text: Bushi interests were diverse, cutting across old power structures to form new associations in the tenth century. Mutual interests, family connections, and kinship were consolidated in military groups that became part of family administration. In time, large regional military families formed around members of the court aristocracy who had become prominent provincial figures. These military families gained prestige from connections to the imperial court and court-granted military titles and access to manpower. The Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan were among the most prominent families supported by the new military class.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: Bushi

text: interests

text: were

text: diverse

text: cutting

text: across

text: old

text: power

text: structures

text: to

text: form

text: new

text: associations

text: in

text: the

text: tenth

text: century

text: Mutual

text: interests

text: family

text: connections

text: and

text: kinship

text: were

text: consolidated

text: in

text: military

text: groups

text: that

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: family

text: administration

text: In

text: time

text: large

text: regional

text: military

text: families

text: formed

text: around

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: aristocracy

text: who

text: had

text: become

text: prominent

text: provincial

text: figures

text: These

text: military

text: families

text: gained

text: prestige

text: from

text: connections

text: to

text: the

text: imperial

text: court

text: and

text: court

text: granted

text: military

text: titles

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: manpower

text: The

text: Fujiwara

text: family

text: Taira

text: clan

text: and

text: Minamoto

text: clan

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: families

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: military

text: class

question: Bushi formed new associations in what century?

answer: tenth

text: tenth

question: How did military families gain prestige?

answer: connections to the imperial court

text: connections to the imperial court

question: Who were the three prominent families during the rise of the warrior classes?

answer: Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan

text: Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan


text: Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a standing position. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on the speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation in the case of more difficult and complex vaults.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: Gymnasts

text: sprint

text: down

text: a

text: runway

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: meters

text: in

text: length

text: before

text: hurdling

text: onto

text: a

text: spring

text: board

text: The

text: gymnast

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: choose

text: where

text: they

text: start

text: on

text: the

text: runway

text: The

text: body

text: position

text: is

text: maintained

text: while

text: punching

text: blocking

text: using

text: only

text: a

text: shoulder

text: movement

text: the

text: vaulting

text: platform

text: The

text: gymnast

text: then

text: rotates

text: to

text: a

text: standing

text: position

text: In

text: advanced

text: gymnastics

text: multiple

text: twists

text: and

text: somersaults

text: may

text: be

text: added

text: before

text: landing

text: Successful

text: vaults

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: run

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: hurdle

text: the

text: power

text: the

text: gymnast

text: generates

text: from

text: the

text: legs

text: and

text: shoulder

text: girdle

text: the

text: kinesthetic

text: awareness

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: rotation

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: more

text: difficult

text: and

text: complex

text: vaults

question: What is the maximum length of the runway gymnasts sprint down before hurdling onto a spring board?

answer: 25 meters

text: 25 meters

question: What is blocking using only a shoulder movement called?

answer: punching

text: punching

question: What is one thing a successful vault depends on?

answer: the length of the hurdle

text: the length of the hurdle

question: What may be added to a vault before landing in advanced gymnastics?

answer: multiple twists and somersaults

text: multiple twists and somersaults

question: What is the maximum length of a runway?

answer: 25 meters

text: 25 meters

question: Who gets to chose where a gymnast starts to run on the runway?

answer: The gymnast

text: The gymnast

question: What position is the gymnast when in the air?

answer: a standing position

text: a standing position

question: What are later added to the landing by advanced gymnasts?

answer: multiple twists and somersaults

text: multiple twists and somersaults

question: What do successful vaults depend on other than speed of the run?

answer: the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation

text: the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation


text: The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as "despicable" by the Chinese government, condemning them as "deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France" and who "tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to "impede the Olympic spirit". Large-scale counter-protests by overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals became prevalent in later segments of the relay. In San Francisco, the number of supporters were much more than the number of protesters, and in Australia, Japan, South Korea, the counter-protesters overwhelmed the protesters. A couple of skirmishes between the protesters and supporters were reported. No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: The

text: attacks

text: on

text: the

text: torch

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: Paris

text: were

text: described

text: as

text: despicable

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: condemning

text: them

text: as

text: deliberate

text: disruptions

text: who

text: gave

text: no

text: thought

text: to

text: the

text: Olympic

text: spirit

text: or

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: who

text: tarnish

text: the

text: lofty

text: Olympic

text: spirit

text: and

text: vowed

text: they

text: would

text: continue

text: with

text: the

text: relay

text: and

text: not

text: allow

text: the

text: protests

text: to

text: impede

text: the

text: Olympic

text: spirit

text: Large

text: scale

text: counter

text: protests

text: by

text: overseas

text: Chinese

text: and

text: foreign

text: based

text: Chinese

text: nationals

text: became

text: prevalent

text: in

text: later

text: segments

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: In

text: San

text: Francisco

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: supporters

text: were

text: much

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: protesters

text: and

text: in

text: Australia

text: Japan

text: South

text: Korea

text: the

text: counter

text: protesters

text: overwhelmed

text: the

text: protesters

text: A

text: couple

text: of

text: skirmishes

text: between

text: the

text: protesters

text: and

text: supporters

text: were

text: reported

text: No

text: major

text: protests

text: were

text: visible

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: America

text: Africa

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: legs

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

question: Who condemned the various attacks on the torch relay route?

answer: the Chinese government

text: the Chinese government

question: In San Francisco, who had a larger presence than the protesters?

answer: supporters

text: supporters

question: Who overwhelmed the protesters in Japan?

answer: counter-protesters

text: counter-protesters

question: Who amassed in large scale against protesters?

answer: counter-protesters

text: counter-protesters

question: What was said to have occurred between some supporters and protesters?

answer: skirmishes

text: skirmishes

question: What three areas of the globe were protests reported as not big?

answer: Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia

text: Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia


text: Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Both of these narratives had protagonists (Hayy in Philosophus Autodidactus and Kamil in Theologus Autodidactus) who were autodidactic feral children living in seclusion on a desert island, both being the earliest examples of a desert island story. However, while Hayy lives alone with animals on the desert island for the rest of the story in Philosophus Autodidactus, the story of Kamil extends beyond the desert island setting in Theologus Autodidactus, developing into the earliest known coming of age plot and eventually becoming the first example of a science fiction novel.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: Abubacer

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: were

text: pioneers

text: of

text: the

text: philosophical

text: novel

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: wrote

text: the

text: first

text: Arabic

text: novel

text: Hayy

text: ibn

text: Yaqdhan

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: Al

text: Ghazali

text: 's

text: The

text: Incoherence

text: of

text: the

text: Philosophers

text: and

text: then

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: also

text: wrote

text: a

text: novel

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: 's

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: narratives

text: had

text: protagonists

text: Hayy

text: in

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: and

text: Kamil

text: in

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: who

text: were

text: autodidactic

text: feral

text: children

text: living

text: in

text: seclusion

text: on

text: a

text: desert

text: island

text: both

text: being

text: the

text: earliest

text: examples

text: of

text: a

text: desert

text: island

text: story

text: However

text: while

text: Hayy

text: lives

text: alone

text: with

text: animals

text: on

text: the

text: desert

text: island

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: in

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: Kamil

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: desert

text: island

text: setting

text: in

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: developing

text: into

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: plot

text: and

text: eventually

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: science

text: fiction

text: novel

question: What is another name for Ibn Tufail?

answer: Abubacer

text: Abubacer

question: What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?

answer: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)

text: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)

question: Who wrote Theologus Autodidactus?

answer: Ibn al-Nafis

text: Ibn al-Nafis

question: What person wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers?

answer: Al-Ghazali

text: Al-Ghazali

question: Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus?

answer: Hayy

text: Hayy


text: In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this went way beyond geo-political and military cooperation (protecting both nations' interests in Africa, the Americas and Asia against French, Spanish and Dutch rivals) and maintained strong trade and cultural ties between the two old European allies. Particularly in the Oporto region, there is visible English influence to this day.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: In

text: and

text: Portugal

text: like

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: was

text: devastated

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: In

text: Portugal

text: made

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: England

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: standing

text: alliance

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: This

text: alliance

text: served

text: both

text: nations

text: interests

text: throughout

text: history

text: and

text: is

text: regarded

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: predecessor

text: to

text: NATO

text: Over

text: time

text: this

text: went

text: way

text: beyond

text: geo

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: cooperation

text: protecting

text: both

text: nations

text: interests

text: in

text: Africa

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: Asia

text: against

text: French

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Dutch

text: rivals

text: and

text: maintained

text: strong

text: trade

text: and

text: cultural

text: ties

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: old

text: European

text: allies

text: Particularly

text: in

text: the

text: Oporto

text: region

text: there

text: is

text: visible

text: English

text: influence

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: Which years were plagued by the Black Death?

answer: 1348 and 1349

text: 1348 and 1349

question: In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country?

answer: England

text: England

question: What is the longest standing alliance in the world?

answer: Portugal made an alliance with England

text: Portugal made an alliance with England

question: The Portugal-English alliance served as the predecessor to what?

answer: NATO

text: NATO

question: In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence?

answer: Oporto region

text: Oporto region


text: Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BCE after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah).

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Between

text: and

text: BCE

text: the

text: Ptolemies

text: ruled

text: Judea

text: in

text: relative

text: peace

text: and

text: Jews

text: often

text: found

text: themselves

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: administration

text: and

text: army

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: a

text: Hellenized

text: Jewish

text: elite

text: class

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Tobiads

text: The

text: wars

text: of

text: Antiochus

text: III

text: brought

text: the

text: region

text: into

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: empire

text: Jerusalem

text: fell

text: to

text: his

text: control

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Temple

text: was

text: repaired

text: and

text: provided

text: with

text: money

text: and

text: tribute

text: Antiochus

text: IV

text: Epiphanes

text: sacked

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: looted

text: the

text: Temple

text: in

text: BCE

text: after

text: disturbances

text: in

text: Judea

text: during

text: his

text: abortive

text: invasion

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Antiochus

text: then

text: banned

text: key

text: Jewish

text: religious

text: rites

text: and

text: traditions

text: in

text: Judea

text: He

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: attempting

text: to

text: Hellenize

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: unify

text: his

text: empire

text: and

text: the

text: Jewish

text: resistance

text: to

text: this

text: eventually

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: escalation

text: of

text: violence

text: Whatever

text: the

text: case

text: tensions

text: between

text: pro

text: and

text: anti

text: Seleucid

text: Jewish

text: factions

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: BCE

text: Maccabean

text: Revolt

text: of

text: Judas

text: Maccabeus

text: whose

text: victory

text: is

text: celebrated

text: in

text: the

text: Jewish

text: festival

text: of

text: Hanukkah

question: What was the Jewish elite class called?

answer: the Tobiads

text: the Tobiads

question: Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader?

answer: Antiochus III

text: Antiochus III

question: When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III?

answer: 198

question: What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah?

answer: Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus

text: Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus

question: What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?

answer: 174–135 BCE

text: 174–135 BCE


text: It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York).

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: It

text: was

text: against

text: this

text: background

text: of

text: public

text: anger

text: that

text: Jean

text: Metzinger

text: and

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: wrote

text: Du

text: Cubisme

text: published

text: by

text: Eugène

text: Figuière

text: in

text: translated

text: to

text: English

text: and

text: Russian

text: in

text: Among

text: the

text: works

text: exhibited

text: were

text: Le

text: Fauconnier

text: 's

text: vast

text: composition

text: Les

text: Montagnards

text: attaqués

text: par

text: des

text: ours

text: Mountaineers

text: Attacked

text: by

text: Bears

text: now

text: at

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: School

text: of

text: Design

text: Museum

text: Joseph

text: Csaky

text: 's

text: Deux

text: Femme

text: Two

text: Women

text: a

text: sculpture

text: now

text: lost

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: highly

text: abstract

text: paintings

text: by

text: Kupka

text: Amorpha

text: The

text: National

text: Gallery

text: Prague

text: and

text: Picabia

text: La

text: Source

text: The

text: Spring

text: Museum

text: of

text: Modern

text: Art

text: New

text: York

question: What against did Metzinger and Gleizes write Du "Cubsime"?

answer: public anger

text: public anger

question: Who published Du "Cubisme"?

answer: Eugène Figuière

text: Eugène Figuière

question: In what year was  Du "Cubisme" published?

answer: 1912


text: Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley.[a] Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States' independence pushed them further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma and surrounding territory) under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with some communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario (Canada) and in their traditional homelands.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Before

text: Europeans

text: arrived

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: area

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Lenape

text: Delaware

text: Indians

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Shackamaxon

text: The

text: Lenape

text: are

text: a

text: Native

text: American

text: tribe

text: and

text: First

text: Nations

text: band

text: government

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: called

text: Delaware

text: Indians

text: and

text: their

text: historical

text: territory

text: was

text: along

text: the

text: Delaware

text: River

text: watershed

text: western

text: Long

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: Lower

text: Hudson

text: Valley.[a

text: Most

text: Lenape

text: were

text: pushed

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: Delaware

text: homeland

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: expanding

text: European

text: colonies

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: losses

text: from

text: intertribal

text: conflicts

text: Lenape

text: communities

text: were

text: weakened

text: by

text: newly

text: introduced

text: diseases

text: mainly

text: smallpox

text: and

text: violent

text: conflict

text: with

text: Europeans

text: Iroquois

text: people

text: occasionally

text: fought

text: the

text: Lenape

text: Surviving

text: Lenape

text: moved

text: west

text: into

text: the

text: upper

text: Ohio

text: River

text: basin

text: The

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: independence

text: pushed

text: them

text: further

text: west

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: sent

text: most

text: Lenape

text: remaining

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: present

text: day

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: surrounding

text: territory

text: under

text: the

text: Indian

text: removal

text: policy

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: most

text: Lenape

text: now

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: with

text: some

text: communities

text: living

text: also

text: in

text: Wisconsin

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: and

text: in

text: their

text: traditional

text: homelands

question: What native American tribe lived in the area before settlement?

answer: Lenape

text: Lenape

question: What other tribe occasionally fought against the Lenape?

answer: Iroquois

text: Iroquois

question: What disease killed the most Lenape?

answer: smallpox

text: smallpox

question: Where did the Lenape go after being pushed out of the Philidelphia area?

answer: upper Ohio River basin

text: upper Ohio River basin

question: Where do the Lenape reside today?

answer: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma


text: Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III and Manu Folau provide round trip visits to the outer islands every three or four weeks. The Manu Folau is a 50-metre vessel that was a gift from Japan to the people of Tuvalu. In 2015 the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) assisted the government of Tuvalu to acquire MV Talamoana, a 30-metre vessel that will be used to implement Tuvalu's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to transport government officials and project personnel to the outer islands. In 2015 the Nivaga III was donated by the government of Japan; it replaced the Nivaga II, which had serviced Tuvalu from 1989.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Funafuti

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: port

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: deep

text: water

text: berth

text: in

text: the

text: harbour

text: at

text: Nukufetau

text: The

text: merchant

text: marine

text: fleet

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: passenger

text: cargo

text: ships

text: Nivaga

text: III

text: and

text: Manu

text: Folau

text: These

text: ships

text: carry

text: cargo

text: and

text: passengers

text: between

text: the

text: main

text: atolls

text: and

text: travel

text: between

text: Suva

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Funafuti

text: to

text: times

text: a

text: year

text: The

text: Nivaga

text: III

text: and

text: Manu

text: Folau

text: provide

text: round

text: trip

text: visits

text: to

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: every

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: weeks

text: The

text: Manu

text: Folau

text: is

text: a

text: vessel

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: gift

text: from

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Program

text: UNDP

text: assisted

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: to

text: acquire

text: MV

text: Talamoana

text: a

text: vessel

text: that

text: will

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: implement

text: Tuvalu

text: 's

text: National

text: Adaptation

text: Programme

text: of

text: Action

text: NAPA

text: to

text: transport

text: government

text: officials

text: and

text: project

text: personnel

text: to

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: In

text: the

text: Nivaga

text: III

text: was

text: donated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Japan

text: it

text: replaced

text: the

text: Nivaga

text: II

text: which

text: had

text: serviced

text: Tuvalu

text: from

question: Where is Tuvalu's only port?

answer: Funafuti

text: Funafuti

question: Where is there a deep water berth available on Tuvalu?

answer: Nukufetau

text: Nukufetau

question: Of how many ships does the merchant marine fleet consist?

answer: two

text: two

question: What ship did Japan donate to Tuvalu in 2015?

answer: Nivaga III

text: Nivaga III

question: What do Tuvalu's merchant fleet carry?

answer: cargo and passengers

text: cargo and passengers


text: Borders Books, started in Ann Arbor, was opened by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 with a stock of used books. The Borders chain was based in the city, as was its flagship store until it closed in September 2011. Domino's Pizza's headquarters is near Ann Arbor on Domino's Farms, a 271-acre (110 ha) Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired complex just northeast of the city. Another Ann Arbor-based company is Zingerman's Delicatessen, which serves sandwiches and has developed businesses under a variety of brand names. Zingerman's has grown into a family of companies which offers a variety of products (bake shop, mail order, creamery, coffee) and services (business education). Flint Ink Corp., another Ann Arbor-based company, was the world's largest privately held ink manufacturer until it was acquired by Stuttgart-based XSYS Print Solutions in October 2005. Avfuel, a global supplier of aviation fuels and services, is also headquartered in Ann Arbor. Aastrom Biosciences, a publicly traded company that develops stem cell treatments for cardiovascular diseases, is headquartered in Ann Arbor.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Borders

text: Books

text: started

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: was

text: opened

text: by

text: brothers

text: Tom

text: and

text: Louis

text: Borders

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: stock

text: of

text: used

text: books

text: The

text: Borders

text: chain

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: was

text: its

text: flagship

text: store

text: until

text: it

text: closed

text: in

text: September

text: Domino

text: 's

text: Pizza

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: is

text: near

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: on

text: Domino

text: 's

text: Farms

text: a

text: ha

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: inspired

text: complex

text: just

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Another

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: based

text: company

text: is

text: Zingerman

text: 's

text: Delicatessen

text: which

text: serves

text: sandwiches

text: and

text: has

text: developed

text: businesses

text: under

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: brand

text: names

text: Zingerman

text: 's

text: has

text: grown

text: into

text: a

text: family

text: of

text: companies

text: which

text: offers

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: products

text: bake

text: shop

text: mail

text: order

text: creamery

text: coffee

text: and

text: services

text: business

text: education

text: Flint

text: Ink

text: Corp.

text: another

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: based

text: company

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: privately

text: held

text: ink

text: manufacturer

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: acquired

text: by

text: Stuttgart

text: based

text: XSYS

text: Print

text: Solutions

text: in

text: October

text: Avfuel

text: a

text: global

text: supplier

text: of

text: aviation

text: fuels

text: and

text: services

text: is

text: also

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Aastrom

text: Biosciences

text: a

text: publicly

text: traded

text: company

text: that

text: develops

text: stem

text: cell

text: treatments

text: for

text: cardiovascular

text: diseases

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

question: When did the Borders Books open up in Ann Arbor?

answer: 1971

question: Who opened the Borders Books store in Ann Arbor?

answer: Tom and Louis Borders

text: Tom and Louis Borders

question: Which pizza chain is headquartered at Ann Arbor?

answer: Domino's Pizza's

text: Domino's Pizza's

question: Which company was the world's largest privately held ink manufacturer till 2005?

answer: Flint Ink Corp

text: Flint Ink Corp

question: Avfuel, a global supplier of what services is headquartered in Ann Arbor?

answer: aviation fuels

text: aviation fuels


text: The main coastal towns are, from the west to the north-east, Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead. The coastal area between Minehead and the eastern extreme of the administrative county's coastline at Brean Down is known as Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve. North of that, the coast forms Weston Bay and Sand Bay whose northern tip, Sand Point, marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary. In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea. In the west, the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: The

text: main

text: coastal

text: towns

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Minehead

text: Watchet

text: Burnham

text: on

text: Sea

text: Weston

text: super

text: Mare

text: Clevedon

text: and

text: Portishead

text: The

text: coastal

text: area

text: between

text: Minehead

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: extreme

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: county

text: 's

text: coastline

text: at

text: Brean

text: Down

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Bridgwater

text: Bay

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: National

text: Nature

text: Reserve

text: North

text: of

text: that

text: the

text: coast

text: forms

text: Weston

text: Bay

text: and

text: Sand

text: Bay

text: whose

text: northern

text: tip

text: Sand

text: Point

text: marks

text: the

text: lower

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: Severn

text: Estuary

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: the

text: coastline

text: is

text: low

text: as

text: the

text: level

text: wetlands

text: of

text: the

text: levels

text: meet

text: the

text: sea

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: coastline

text: is

text: high

text: and

text: dramatic

text: where

text: the

text: plateau

text: of

text: Exmoor

text: meets

text: the

text: sea

text: with

text: high

text: cliffs

text: and

text: waterfalls

question: What are the main coastal towns

answer: Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead

text: Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead

question: what is the name of the natural reserve area

answer: Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve

text: Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve

question: what does the western coastline look like

answer: the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.

text: the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.