text: In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwaffe's Lorenz receivers were more than blind-landing devices. Jones therefore began a search for the German beams. Avro Ansons of the Beam Approach Training Development Unit (BATDU) were flown up and down Britain fitted with a 30 MHz receiver to detect them. Soon a beam was traced to Derby (which had been mentioned in Luftwaffe transmissions). The first jamming operations were carried out using requisitioned hospital electrocautery machines. A subtle form of distortion was introduced. Up to nine special transmitters directed their signals at the beams in a manner that widened its path, negating its ability to accurately locate targets. Confidence in the device was diminished by the time the Luftwaffe decided to launch large-scale raids. The counter operations were carried out by British Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) units under Wing Commander Edward Addison, No. 80 Wing RAF. The production of false radio navigation signals by re-transmitting the originals was a technique known as masking beacons (meacons).

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: In

text: June

text: a

text: German

text: prisoner

text: of

text: war

text: was

text: overheard

text: boasting

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: would

text: never

text: find

text: the

text: Knickebein

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: under

text: their

text: noses

text: The

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: conversation

text: were

text: passed

text: to

text: an

text: RAF

text: Air

text: Staff

text: technical

text: advisor

text: Dr.

text: R.

text: V.

text: Jones

text: who

text: started

text: an

text: in

text: depth

text: investigation

text: which

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: 's

text: Lorenz

text: receivers

text: were

text: more

text: than

text: blind

text: landing

text: devices

text: Jones

text: therefore

text: began

text: a

text: search

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: beams

text: Avro

text: Ansons

text: of

text: the

text: Beam

text: Approach

text: Training

text: Development

text: Unit

text: BATDU

text: were

text: flown

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: Britain

text: fitted

text: with

text: a

text: MHz

text: receiver

text: to

text: detect

text: them

text: Soon

text: a

text: beam

text: was

text: traced

text: to

text: Derby

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Luftwaffe

text: transmissions

text: The

text: first

text: jamming

text: operations

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: using

text: requisitioned

text: hospital

text: electrocautery

text: machines

text: A

text: subtle

text: form

text: of

text: distortion

text: was

text: introduced

text: Up

text: to

text: nine

text: special

text: transmitters

text: directed

text: their

text: signals

text: at

text: the

text: beams

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: that

text: widened

text: its

text: path

text: negating

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: accurately

text: locate

text: targets

text: Confidence

text: in

text: the

text: device

text: was

text: diminished

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: decided

text: to

text: launch

text: large

text: scale

text: raids

text: The

text: counter

text: operations

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: British

text: Electronic

text: Counter

text: Measures

text: ECM

text: units

text: under

text: Wing

text: Commander

text: Edward

text: Addison

text: No

text: Wing

text: RAF

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: false

text: radio

text: navigation

text: signals

text: by

text: re

text: transmitting

text: the

text: originals

text: was

text: a

text: technique

text: known

text: as

text: masking

text: beacons

text: meacons

question: The beam was traced to what town?

answer: Derby

text: Derby

question: The Bean Approach Training Development Unit were fitted with what kind of transmitter to search for the Knickebein?

answer: 30 MHz receiver

text: 30 MHz receiver

question: In 1940 a German prisoner overheard boasting that the British would never find what system?

answer: Knickebein

text: Knickebein

question: Which RAF technical advisor was the conversation passed onto?

answer: Dr. R. V. Jones

text: Dr. R. V. Jones

question: The first jamming operation was carried out using what machines?

answer: electrocautery machines

text: electrocautery machines


text: Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration).

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: Originally

text: each

text: branch

text: and

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: maintaining

text: its

text: own

text: documents

text: which

text: often

text: resulted

text: in

text: records

text: loss

text: and

text: destruction

text: Congress

text: established

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: Establishment

text: in

text: to

text: centralize

text: federal

text: record

text: keeping

text: with

text: the

text: Archivist

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: chief

text: administrator

text: The

text: National

text: Archives

text: was

text: incorporated

text: with

text: GSA

text: in

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: independent

text: agency

text: as

text: NARA

text: National

text: Archives

text: and

text: Records

text: Administration

question: What year was the National Archives Establishment established in?

answer: 1934

question: In what year did NARA become an independent agency?

answer: 1985

question: In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?

answer: 1949


text: By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guerrillas in the country side. The Japanese army began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945. Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as well as the 86th Independent Brigade, for a total of 80,000 men to seize Chinese airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with He Yingqin as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from Kunming to Zhijiang. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men in 20 divisions. They were supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces achieved a decisive victory and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese managed to repel a Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei provinces in South China. Chinese launched a counter offensive to retake Guangxi which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces successfully retook Guangxi.[citation needed]

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: By

text: April

text: China

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Japan

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: seven

text: years

text: Both

text: nations

text: were

text: exhausted

text: by

text: years

text: of

text: battles

text: bombings

text: and

text: blockades

text: After

text: Japanese

text: victories

text: in

text: Operation

text: Ichi

text: Go

text: Japan

text: were

text: losing

text: the

text: battle

text: in

text: Burma

text: and

text: facing

text: constant

text: attacks

text: from

text: Chinese

text: Nationalists

text: forces

text: and

text: Communist

text: guerrillas

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: side

text: The

text: Japanese

text: army

text: began

text: preparations

text: for

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: West

text: Hunan

text: in

text: March

text: Japanese

text: mobilized

text: and

text: Divisions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Independent

text: Brigade

text: for

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: men

text: to

text: seize

text: Chinese

text: airfields

text: and

text: secure

text: railroads

text: in

text: West

text: Hunan

text: by

text: early

text: April

text: In

text: response

text: the

text: Chinese

text: National

text: Military

text: Council

text: dispatched

text: the

text: Front

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: and

text: Army

text: Groups

text: with

text: He

text: Yingqin

text: as

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: it

text: airlifted

text: the

text: entire

text: Chinese

text: New

text: Corps

text: an

text: American

text: equipped

text: corps

text: and

text: veterans

text: of

text: the

text: Burma

text: Expeditionary

text: Force

text: from

text: Kunming

text: to

text: Zhijiang

text: Chinese

text: forces

text: totaled

text: men

text: in

text: divisions

text: They

text: were

text: supported

text: by

text: about

text: aircraft

text: from

text: Chinese

text: and

text: American

text: air

text: forces

text: Chinese

text: forces

text: achieved

text: a

text: decisive

text: victory

text: and

text: launched

text: a

text: large

text: counterattack

text: in

text: this

text: campaign

text: Concurrently

text: the

text: Chinese

text: managed

text: to

text: repel

text: a

text: Japanese

text: offensive

text: in

text: Henan

text: and

text: Hubei

text: Afterwards

text: Chinese

text: forces

text: retook

text: Hunan

text: and

text: Hubei

text: provinces

text: in

text: South

text: China

text: Chinese

text: launched

text: a

text: counter

text: offensive

text: to

text: retake

text: Guangxi

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: Japanese

text: stronghold

text: in

text: South

text: China

text: In

text: August

text: Chinese

text: forces

text: successfully

text: retook

text: Guangxi.[citation

text: needed

question: In 1945, how many years had Japan already been at war with China?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What battle did the Japanese Army begin to prepare for in March 1945?

answer: Battle of West Hunan

text: Battle of West Hunan

question: How many Japanese soldiers were mobilized to capture the Chinese airfields and railroads in West Hunan?

answer: 80,000

question: Who was the Chinese commander-in-chief of the 10th and 27th Army Groups?

answer: He Yingqin

text: He Yingqin

question: When did Chinese forces retake Guangxi?

answer: August 1945

text: August 1945


text: Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Devotion

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: most

text: Buddhists

text: Devotional

text: practices

text: include

text: bowing

text: offerings

text: pilgrimage

text: and

text: chanting

text: In

text: Pure

text: Land

text: Buddhism

text: devotion

text: to

text: the

text: Buddha

text: Amitabha

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: practice

text: In

text: Nichiren

text: Buddhism

text: devotion

text: to

text: the

text: Lotus

text: Sutra

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: practice

question: Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what?

answer: Buddhists

text: Buddhists

question: What are the devotional practices?

answer: bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting

text: bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting


text: Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Other

text: influential

text: Muslim

text: philosophers

text: include

text: al

text: Jahiz

text: a

text: pioneer

text: in

text: evolutionary

text: thought

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhazen

text: a

text: pioneer

text: of

text: phenomenology

text: and

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: a

text: critic

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: place

text: topos

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: a

text: critic

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: pioneers

text: of

text: the

text: philosophical

text: novel

text: Shahab

text: al

text: Din

text: Suhrawardi

text: founder

text: of

text: Illuminationist

text: philosophy

text: Fakhr

text: al

text: Din

text: al

text: Razi

text: a

text: critic

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: logic

text: and

text: a

text: pioneer

text: of

text: inductive

text: logic

text: and

text: Ibn

text: Khaldun

text: a

text: pioneer

text: in

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: history

question: Which philosopher of the Muslim world is considered an important author of work on evolution?

answer: al-Jahiz

text: al-Jahiz

question: Ibn al-Haytham can be known by another name, what is it?

answer: Alhazen

text: Alhazen

question: What type of work is Ibn al-Haytham known to have pioneered?

answer: phenomenology and the philosophy of science

text: phenomenology and the philosophy of science

question: Who is considered to have been the one that founded Illuminationist philosophy?

answer: Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi

text: Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi

question: Which philosopher in the Muslim world championed inductive logic in their works?

answer: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

text: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi


text: After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another very common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: After

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: London

text: Porter

text: breweries

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: trend

text: grew

text: for

text: pubs

text: to

text: become

text: tied

text: houses

text: which

text: could

text: only

text: sell

text: beer

text: from

text: one

text: brewery

text: a

text: pub

text: not

text: tied

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: was

text: called

text: a

text: Free

text: house

text: The

text: usual

text: arrangement

text: for

text: a

text: tied

text: house

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: pub

text: was

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: brewery

text: but

text: rented

text: out

text: to

text: a

text: private

text: individual

text: landlord

text: who

text: ran

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: business

text: even

text: though

text: contracted

text: to

text: buy

text: the

text: beer

text: from

text: the

text: brewery

text: Another

text: very

text: common

text: arrangement

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: for

text: the

text: landlord

text: to

text: own

text: the

text: premises

text: whether

text: freehold

text: or

text: leasehold

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: brewer

text: but

text: then

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: mortgage

text: loan

text: from

text: a

text: brewery

text: either

text: to

text: finance

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: the

text: pub

text: initially

text: or

text: to

text: refurbish

text: it

text: and

text: be

text: required

text: as

text: a

text: term

text: of

text: the

text: loan

text: to

text: observe

text: the

text: solus

text: tie

question: What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery?

answer: a Free house

text: a Free house

question: In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery?

answer: 18th

question: What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery?

answer: landlord

text: landlord


text: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of how material objects will be experienced or perceived:

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Arthur

text: Schopenhauer

text: wrote

text: that

text: materialism

text: is

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: the

text: subject

text: who

text: forgets

text: to

text: take

text: account

text: of

text: himself

text: He

text: claimed

text: that

text: an

text: observing

text: subject

text: can

text: only

text: know

text: material

text: objects

text: through

text: the

text: mediation

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: its

text: particular

text: organization

text: That

text: is

text: the

text: brain

text: itself

text: is

text: the

text: determiner

text: of

text: how

text: material

text: objects

text: will

text: be

text: experienced

text: or

text: perceived

question: Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?

answer: 1788-1860

question: What did he say that the brain would decide?

answer: how material objects will be experienced or perceived

text: how material objects will be experienced or perceived


text: Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir, and parts of Pakistan. It included a diverse population estimated at fifty to sixty million people. Under Antiochus I (c. 324/3 – 261 BC), however, the unwieldy empire was already beginning to shed territories. Pergamum broke away under Eumenes I who defeated a Seleucid army sent against him. The kingdoms of Cappadocia, Bithynia and Pontus were all practically independent by this time as well. Like the Ptolemies, Antiochus I established a dynastic religious cult, deifying his father Seleucus I. Seleucus, officially said to be descended from Apollo, had his own priests and monthly sacrifices. The erosion of the empire continued under Seleucus II, who was forced to fight a civil war (239-236) against his brother Antiochus Hierax and was unable to keep Bactria, Sogdiana and Parthia from breaking away. Hierax carved off most of Seleucid Anatolia for himself, but was defeated, along with his Galatian allies, by Attalus I of Pergamon who now also claimed kingship.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Following

text: division

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: empire

text: Seleucus

text: I

text: Nicator

text: received

text: Babylonia

text: From

text: there

text: he

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: empire

text: which

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: much

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: near

text: eastern

text: territories

text: At

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: it

text: included

text: central

text: Anatolia

text: the

text: Levant

text: Mesopotamia

text: Persia

text: today

text: 's

text: Turkmenistan

text: Pamir

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: It

text: included

text: a

text: diverse

text: population

text: estimated

text: at

text: fifty

text: to

text: sixty

text: million

text: people

text: Under

text: Antiochus

text: I

text: c.

text: BC

text: however

text: the

text: unwieldy

text: empire

text: was

text: already

text: beginning

text: to

text: shed

text: territories

text: Pergamum

text: broke

text: away

text: under

text: Eumenes

text: I

text: who

text: defeated

text: a

text: Seleucid

text: army

text: sent

text: against

text: him

text: The

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Cappadocia

text: Bithynia

text: and

text: Pontus

text: were

text: all

text: practically

text: independent

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: as

text: well

text: Like

text: the

text: Ptolemies

text: Antiochus

text: I

text: established

text: a

text: dynastic

text: religious

text: cult

text: deifying

text: his

text: father

text: Seleucus

text: I.

text: Seleucus

text: officially

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: Apollo

text: had

text: his

text: own

text: priests

text: and

text: monthly

text: sacrifices

text: The

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: continued

text: under

text: Seleucus

text: II

text: who

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: fight

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: against

text: his

text: brother

text: Antiochus

text: Hierax

text: and

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: keep

text: Bactria

text: Sogdiana

text: and

text: Parthia

text: from

text: breaking

text: away

text: Hierax

text: carved

text: off

text: most

text: of

text: Seleucid

text: Anatolia

text: for

text: himself

text: but

text: was

text: defeated

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: Galatian

text: allies

text: by

text: Attalus

text: I

text: of

text: Pergamon

text: who

text: now

text: also

text: claimed

text: kingship

question: After Alexander's empire was split, what region did Seleucus I Nicator receive?

answer: Babylonia

text: Babylonia

question: Pergamum was led by whom when they defeated a Seleucid army?

answer: Eumenes I

text: Eumenes I

question: Who defied his father Seleucus I, and set up a religous cult?

answer: Antiochus I

text: Antiochus I

question: What was the name of Seleucus II brother, whom he fought in civil war?

answer: Antiochus Hierax

text: Antiochus Hierax

question: Who ultimately defeated Seleucid Anatolia?

answer: Attalus I

text: Attalus I


text: The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: Swazi

text: bicameral

text: Parliament

text: or

text: Libandla

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: seats

text: members

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: and

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: to

text: serve

text: five

text: year

text: terms

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: seats

text: members

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: and

text: elected

text: by

text: popular

text: vote

text: to

text: serve

text: five

text: year

text: terms

text: The

text: elections

text: are

text: held

text: every

text: five

text: years

text: after

text: dissolution

text: of

text: parliament

text: by

text: the

text: king

text: The

text: last

text: elections

text: were

text: held

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: balloting

text: is

text: done

text: on

text: a

text: non

text: party

text: basis

text: in

text: all

text: categories

text: All

text: election

text: procedures

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: the

text: elections

text: and

text: boundaries

text: commission

question: How many seats are in the Senate of Swaziland?

answer: 30 seats

text: 30 seats

question: How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?

answer: 65

question: When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?

answer: 20 September 2013

text: 20 September 2013

question: How many members of the Swazi House of Assembly are chosen by the king?

answer: 10

question: Which group looks over elections in Swaziland?

answer: the elections and boundaries commission

text: the elections and boundaries commission


text: The Bronx street grid is irregular. Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan, the West Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free-style street grid. Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx. This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: street

text: grid

text: is

text: irregular

text: Like

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: upper

text: Manhattan

text: the

text: West

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: hilly

text: terrain

text: leaves

text: a

text: relatively

text: free

text: style

text: street

text: grid

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: street

text: numbering

text: carries

text: over

text: from

text: upper

text: Manhattan

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: match

text: it

text: exactly

text: East

text: Street

text: is

text: the

text: lowest

text: numbered

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: This

text: dates

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: the

text: southwestern

text: area

text: of

text: Westchester

text: County

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: River

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Northside

question: What part of Manhattan are the West Bronx's streets similar to?

answer: northernmost part of upper Manhattan

text: northernmost part of upper Manhattan

question: What is the lowest street number seen in the Bronx?

answer: 132nd

question: What was the Bronx called in the mid-19th century?

answer: the Northside

text: the Northside

question: When was the Bronx added to NYC?

answer: the mid-19th century

text: the mid-19th century


text: Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madrasahs became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics.

title: University

title: University

text: Their

text: endowment

text: by

text: a

text: prince

text: or

text: monarch

text: and

text: their

text: role

text: in

text: training

text: government

text: officials

text: made

text: these

text: Mediterranean

text: universities

text: similar

text: to

text: Islamic

text: madrasas

text: although

text: madrasas

text: were

text: generally

text: smaller

text: and

text: individual

text: teachers

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: madrasa

text: itself

text: granted

text: the

text: license

text: or

text: degree

text: Scholars

text: like

text: Arnold

text: H.

text: Green

text: and

text: Hossein

text: Nasr

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: some

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: madrasahs

text: became

text: universities

text: George

text: Makdisi

text: and

text: others

text: however

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: European

text: university

text: has

text: no

text: parallel

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: world

text: Other

text: scholars

text: regard

text: the

text: university

text: as

text: uniquely

text: European

text: in

text: origin

text: and

text: characteristics

question: What type of university was an Islamic madrasa akin to?

answer: Mediterranean universities

text: Mediterranean universities

question: What type of individual funded a Mediterranean university?

answer: prince or monarch

text: prince or monarch

question: From where did a degree come in a madrasa?

answer: individual teachers

text: individual teachers

question: In which century did Islamic madrasas start to transform into universities?

answer: 10th


text: In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further gains were halted by Hindu kingdoms in India in the battle of Rajasthan. The Arabs tried to invade India but they were defeated by the north Indian king Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty and by the south Indian Emperor Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty in the early 8th century. After this the Arab chroniclers admit that the Caliph Mahdi "gave up the project of conquering any part of India."

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: Muhammad

text: bin

text: Qasim

text: an

text: Umayyad

text: general

text: sailed

text: from

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: into

text: Sindh

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: conquered

text: both

text: the

text: Sindh

text: and

text: the

text: Punjab

text: regions

text: along

text: the

text: Indus

text: river

text: The

text: conquest

text: of

text: Sindh

text: and

text: Punjab

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Pakistan

text: although

text: costly

text: were

text: major

text: gains

text: for

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: Caliphate

text: However

text: further

text: gains

text: were

text: halted

text: by

text: Hindu

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Rajasthan

text: The

text: Arabs

text: tried

text: to

text: invade

text: India

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: north

text: Indian

text: king

text: Nagabhata

text: of

text: the

text: Pratihara

text: Dynasty

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: south

text: Indian

text: Emperor

text: Vikramaditya

text: II

text: of

text: the

text: Chalukya

text: dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: After

text: this

text: the

text: Arab

text: chroniclers

text: admit

text: that

text: the

text: Caliph

text: Mahdi

text: gave

text: up

text: the

text: project

text: of

text: conquering

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: India

question: When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan?

answer: 712

question: Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer?

answer: Sindh

text: Sindh

question: At what battle did the Hindus of India defeat the Umayyads?

answer: Rajasthan

text: Rajasthan

question: Who was a notable king in this period from the Pratihara dynasty?

answer: Nagabhata

text: Nagabhata

question: To what dynasty did Vikramaditya II belong?

answer: Pratihara

text: Pratihara


text: In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become "the nervous system of commerce". Orton had contracted with inventors Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray to find a way to send multiple telegraph messages on each telegraph line to avoid the great cost of constructing new lines. When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments. Patent matters would be handled by Hubbard's patent attorney, Anthony Pollok.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: In

text: telegraph

text: message

text: traffic

text: was

text: rapidly

text: expanding

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Western

text: Union

text: President

text: William

text: Orton

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: of

text: commerce

text: Orton

text: had

text: contracted

text: with

text: inventors

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: and

text: Elisha

text: Gray

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: send

text: multiple

text: telegraph

text: messages

text: on

text: each

text: telegraph

text: line

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: great

text: cost

text: of

text: constructing

text: new

text: lines

text: When

text: Bell

text: mentioned

text: to

text: Gardiner

text: Hubbard

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Sanders

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: working

text: on

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: sending

text: multiple

text: tones

text: on

text: a

text: telegraph

text: wire

text: using

text: a

text: multi

text: reed

text: device

text: the

text: two

text: wealthy

text: patrons

text: began

text: to

text: financially

text: support

text: Bell

text: 's

text: experiments

text: Patent

text: matters

text: would

text: be

text: handled

text: by

text: Hubbard

text: 's

text: patent

text: attorney

text: Anthony

text: Pollok

question: What business was William Orton in charge of?

answer: Western Union

text: Western Union

question: In 1874 the telegraph was known as the what of commerce?

answer: nervous system

text: nervous system

question: What was the primary motivation for not building new telegraph lines?

answer: cost

text: cost

question: Thomas Edison and what other scientist were already asked to work on a better telegraph?

answer: Elisha Gray

text: Elisha Gray


text: In a book called Science Versus Crime, Houck writes that Popper's falsificationism can be questioned logically: it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like "for every metal, there is a temperature at which it will melt." The hypothesis cannot be falsified by any possible observation, for there will always be a higher temperature than tested at which the metal may in fact melt, yet it seems to be a valid scientific hypothesis. These examples were pointed out by Carl Gustav Hempel. Hempel came to acknowledge that Logical Positivism's verificationism was untenable, but argued that falsificationism was equally untenable on logical grounds alone. The simplest response to this is that, because Popper describes how theories attain, maintain and lose scientific status, individual consequences of currently accepted scientific theories are scientific in the sense of being part of tentative scientific knowledge, and both of Hempel's examples fall under this category. For instance, atomic theory implies that all metals melt at some temperature.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: In

text: a

text: book

text: called

text: Science

text: Versus

text: Crime

text: Houck

text: writes

text: that

text: Popper

text: 's

text: falsificationism

text: can

text: be

text: questioned

text: logically

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: how

text: Popper

text: would

text: deal

text: with

text: a

text: statement

text: like

text: for

text: every

text: metal

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: temperature

text: at

text: which

text: it

text: will

text: melt

text: The

text: hypothesis

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: falsified

text: by

text: any

text: possible

text: observation

text: for

text: there

text: will

text: always

text: be

text: a

text: higher

text: temperature

text: than

text: tested

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: metal

text: may

text: in

text: fact

text: melt

text: yet

text: it

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: valid

text: scientific

text: hypothesis

text: These

text: examples

text: were

text: pointed

text: out

text: by

text: Carl

text: Gustav

text: Hempel

text: Hempel

text: came

text: to

text: acknowledge

text: that

text: Logical

text: Positivism

text: 's

text: verificationism

text: was

text: untenable

text: but

text: argued

text: that

text: falsificationism

text: was

text: equally

text: untenable

text: on

text: logical

text: grounds

text: alone

text: The

text: simplest

text: response

text: to

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: because

text: Popper

text: describes

text: how

text: theories

text: attain

text: maintain

text: and

text: lose

text: scientific

text: status

text: individual

text: consequences

text: of

text: currently

text: accepted

text: scientific

text: theories

text: are

text: scientific

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: being

text: part

text: of

text: tentative

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: and

text: both

text: of

text: Hempel

text: 's

text: examples

text: fall

text: under

text: this

text: category

text: For

text: instance

text: atomic

text: theory

text: implies

text: that

text: all

text: metals

text: melt

text: at

text: some

text: temperature

question: Which book by Houck points out logical flaws in Popper's falsificationism?

answer: Science Versus Crime

text: Science Versus Crime

question: Who argued that Popper's falsificationism was just as logically untenable as Logical Positivism's verificationism?

answer: Carl Gustav Hempel

text: Carl Gustav Hempel

question: Who wrote the book Science Versus Crime which challenged the logic of falsificationism?

answer: Houck

text: Houck


text: Other developmental and reproductive variations include haplodiploidy, polymorphism, paedomorphosis or peramorphosis, sexual dimorphism, parthenogenesis and more rarely hermaphroditism.:143 In haplodiploidy, which is a type of sex-determination system, the offspring's sex is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. This system is typical in bees and wasps. Polymorphism is where a species may have different morphs or forms, as in the oblong winged katydid, which has four different varieties: green, pink and yellow or tan. Some insects may retain phenotypes that are normally only seen in juveniles; this is called paedomorphosis. In peramorphosis, an opposite sort of phenomenon, insects take on previously unseen traits after they have matured into adults. Many insects display sexual dimorphism, in which males and females have notably different appearances, such as the moth Orgyia recens as an exemplar of sexual dimorphism in insects.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Other

text: developmental

text: and

text: reproductive

text: variations

text: include

text: haplodiploidy

text: polymorphism

text: paedomorphosis

text: or

text: peramorphosis

text: sexual

text: dimorphism

text: parthenogenesis

text: and

text: more

text: rarely

text: In

text: haplodiploidy

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: sex

text: determination

text: system

text: the

text: offspring

text: 's

text: sex

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: sets

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: an

text: individual

text: receives

text: This

text: system

text: is

text: typical

text: in

text: bees

text: and

text: wasps

text: Polymorphism

text: is

text: where

text: a

text: species

text: may

text: have

text: different

text: morphs

text: or

text: forms

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: oblong

text: winged

text: katydid

text: which

text: has

text: four

text: different

text: varieties

text: green

text: pink

text: and

text: yellow

text: or

text: tan

text: Some

text: insects

text: may

text: retain

text: phenotypes

text: that

text: are

text: normally

text: only

text: seen

text: in

text: juveniles

text: this

text: is

text: called

text: paedomorphosis

text: In

text: peramorphosis

text: an

text: opposite

text: sort

text: of

text: phenomenon

text: insects

text: take

text: on

text: previously

text: unseen

text: traits

text: after

text: they

text: have

text: matured

text: into

text: adults

text: Many

text: insects

text: display

text: sexual

text: dimorphism

text: in

text: which

text: males

text: and

text: females

text: have

text: notably

text: different

text: appearances

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: moth

text: Orgyia

text: recens

text: as

text: an

text: exemplar

text: of

text: sexual

text: dimorphism

text: in

text: insects

question: Polymophism is a developmental and reproductive what?

answer: variations

text: variations

question: Haplodiploidy is what type of system?

answer: sex-determination system

text: sex-determination system

question: The number of chromosome sets determines the offspring's what?

answer: sex

text: sex

question: The sex-determination system is found in which insects?

answer: bees and wasps

text: bees and wasps

question: Polymophism species have different forms or what else?

answer: morphs

text: morphs


text: In Ancient Greece, green and blue were sometimes considered the same color, and the same word sometimes described the color of the sea and the color of trees. The philosopher Democritus described two different greens; cloron, or pale green, and prasinon, or leek green. Aristotle considered that green was located midway between black, symbolizing the earth, and white, symbolizing water. However, green was not counted among of the four classic colors of Greek painting; red, yellow, black and white, and is rarely found in Greek art.

title: Green

title: Green

text: In

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: green

text: and

text: blue

text: were

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: the

text: same

text: color

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: word

text: sometimes

text: described

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: trees

text: The

text: philosopher

text: Democritus

text: described

text: two

text: different

text: greens

text: cloron

text: or

text: pale

text: green

text: and

text: prasinon

text: or

text: leek

text: green

text: Aristotle

text: considered

text: that

text: green

text: was

text: located

text: midway

text: between

text: black

text: symbolizing

text: the

text: earth

text: and

text: white

text: symbolizing

text: water

text: However

text: green

text: was

text: not

text: counted

text: among

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: classic

text: colors

text: of

text: Greek

text: painting

text: red

text: yellow

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: and

text: is

text: rarely

text: found

text: in

text: Greek

text: art

question: Which ancient greek philosopher considered green to be located midway between black and white?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: Which ancient greek philosopher describe pale green as cloron and leek green as prasinon?

answer: Democritus

text: Democritus

question: Red, yellow, and black are three of the four classis colors of Greek painting. What is the fourth color?

answer: white

text: white


text: Heritage buildings constructed during the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval, Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad. In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India".

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Heritage

text: buildings

text: constructed

text: during

text: the

text: Qutb

text: Shahi

text: and

text: Nizam

text: eras

text: showcase

text: Indo

text: Islamic

text: architecture

text: influenced

text: by

text: Medieval

text: Mughal

text: and

text: European

text: styles

text: After

text: the

text: flooding

text: of

text: the

text: Musi

text: River

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: expanded

text: and

text: civic

text: monuments

text: constructed

text: particularly

text: during

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Mir

text: Osman

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: the

text: VIIth

text: Nizam

text: whose

text: patronage

text: of

text: architecture

text: led

text: to

text: him

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: maker

text: of

text: modern

text: Hyderabad

text: In

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: India

text: declared

text: Hyderabad

text: the

text: first

text: Best

text: heritage

text: city

text: of

text: India

question: After a flood in what year did Hyderabad expand?

answer: 1908

question: Which river flooded in 1908, preceding the expansion of Hyderabad?

answer: Musi River

text: Musi River

question: The Mir Osman Ali Khan had a title, what was it?

answer: the VIIth Nizam

text: the VIIth Nizam

question: What did India declare Hyderabad om 2012?

answer: Best heritage city of India

text: Best heritage city of India

question: What type of heritage architecture is mainly displayed in Hyderabad?

answer: Indo-Islamic architecture

text: Indo-Islamic architecture


text: There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club. A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million. The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: There

text: have

text: always

text: been

text: Arsenal

text: supporters

text: outside

text: London

text: and

text: since

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: satellite

text: television

text: a

text: supporter

text: 's

text: attachment

text: to

text: a

text: football

text: club

text: has

text: become

text: less

text: dependent

text: on

text: geography

text: Consequently

text: Arsenal

text: have

text: a

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: fans

text: from

text: beyond

text: London

text: and

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: UK

text: Irish

text: and

text: other

text: overseas

text: supporters

text: clubs

text: were

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: club

text: A

text: report

text: by

text: SPORT+MARKT

text: estimated

text: Arsenal

text: 's

text: global

text: fanbase

text: at

text: million

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: social

text: media

text: activity

text: was

text: the

text: fifth

text: highest

text: in

text: world

text: football

text: during

text: the

text: season

question: What medium has added to the fan base of Arsenal?

answer: satellite television

text: satellite television

question: How many supporter clubs outside Britain  were there in 2007 affiliated with Arsenal?

answer: 49

question: In 2011 what was Arsenal's estimated fan base?

answer: 113 million

text: 113 million

question: What was the world ranking of Arsenal's social media in 2015-15 season?

answer: fifth highest

text: fifth highest

question: In this era of satelites and social media,on what are fans now less dependent ?

answer: geography

text: geography


text: In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: Mongolian

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: asked

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: under

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: For

text: this

text: purpose

text: a

text: special

text: protocol

text: should

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: since

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: applied

text: only

text: to

text: Europe

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: emerging

text: Sino

text: Soviet

text: split

text: Mongolia

text: remained

text: on

text: observer

text: status

text: Soviet

text: stationing

text: troops

text: were

text: agreed

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: Mongolia

text: from

question: In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?

answer: 1963

question: In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia?

answer: 1966


text: Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: Liberia

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: rich

text: history

text: in

text: textile

text: arts

text: and

text: quilting

text: as

text: the

text: settlers

text: brought

text: with

text: them

text: their

text: sewing

text: and

text: quilting

text: skills

text: Liberia

text: hosted

text: National

text: Fairs

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: which

text: prizes

text: were

text: awarded

text: for

text: various

text: needle

text: arts

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: Liberian

text: quilters

text: was

text: Martha

text: Ann

text: Ricks

text: who

text: presented

text: a

text: quilt

text: featuring

text: the

text: famed

text: Liberian

text: coffee

text: tree

text: to

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: in

text: When

text: President

text: Ellen

text: Johnson

text: Sirleaf

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: Executive

text: Mansion

text: she

text: reportedly

text: had

text: a

text: Liberian

text: made

text: quilt

text: installed

text: in

text: her

text: presidential

text: office

question: What arts does Liberia have a rich history of?

answer: textile arts and quilting

text: textile arts and quilting

question: In what years did Liberia host national fairs?

answer: 1857 and 1858

text: 1857 and 1858

question: Who is Martha Ann Ricks?

answer: the most well-known Liberian quilters

text: the most well-known Liberian quilters

question: Who did Martha Ann Ricks present the famed Liberian coffee tree to?

answer: Queen Victoria

text: Queen Victoria

question: What did President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf have installed in her presidential office?

answer: Liberian-made quilt

text: Liberian-made quilt


text: Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. It charts, measures, and contextualizes the: physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Immunology

text: is

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: biomedical

text: science

text: that

text: covers

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: immune

text: systems

text: in

text: all

text: organisms

text: It

text: charts

text: measures

text: and

text: contextualizes

text: the

text: physiological

text: functioning

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: in

text: states

text: of

text: both

text: health

text: and

text: diseases

text: malfunctions

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: in

text: immunological

text: disorders

text: such

text: as

text: autoimmune

text: diseases

text: hypersensitivities

text: immune

text: deficiency

text: and

text: transplant

text: rejection

text: the

text: physical

text: chemical

text: and

text: physiological

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: in

text: vitro

text: in

text: situ

text: and

text: in

text: vivo

text: Immunology

text: has

text: applications

text: in

text: numerous

text: disciplines

text: of

text: medicine

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: organ

text: transplantation

text: oncology

text: virology

text: bacteriology

text: parasitology

text: psychiatry

text: and

text: dermatology

question: In general, what does immunology study?

answer: immune systems in all organisms

text: immune systems in all organisms

question: Immunology studies the functioning of the immune system in which two states of being?

answer: both health and diseases

text: both health and diseases

question: Name three types of immunological disorders?

answer: autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection

text: autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection

question: Immunology studies the immune system in which three stages of existence?

answer: in vitro, in situ, and in vivo

text: in vitro, in situ, and in vivo

question: What disciplines in medicine have particularly strong immunology applications?

answer: organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology

text: organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology


text: For instance, if a transmitter delivers 100 W into an antenna having an efficiency of 80%, then the antenna will radiate 80 W as radio waves and produce 20 W of heat. In order to radiate 100 W of power, one would need to use a transmitter capable of supplying 125 W to the antenna. Note that antenna efficiency is a separate issue from impedance matching, which may also reduce the amount of power radiated using a given transmitter. If an SWR meter reads 150 W of incident power and 50 W of reflected power, that means that 100 W have actually been absorbed by the antenna (ignoring transmission line losses). How much of that power has actually been radiated cannot be directly determined through electrical measurements at (or before) the antenna terminals, but would require (for instance) careful measurement of field strength. Fortunately the loss resistance of antenna conductors such as aluminum rods can be calculated and the efficiency of an antenna using such materials predicted.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: For

text: instance

text: if

text: a

text: transmitter

text: delivers

text: W

text: into

text: an

text: antenna

text: having

text: an

text: efficiency

text: of

text: then

text: the

text: antenna

text: will

text: radiate

text: W

text: as

text: radio

text: waves

text: and

text: produce

text: W

text: of

text: heat

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: radiate

text: W

text: of

text: power

text: one

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: transmitter

text: capable

text: of

text: supplying

text: W

text: to

text: the

text: antenna

text: Note

text: that

text: antenna

text: efficiency

text: is

text: a

text: separate

text: issue

text: from

text: impedance

text: matching

text: which

text: may

text: also

text: reduce

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: power

text: radiated

text: using

text: a

text: given

text: transmitter

text: If

text: an

text: SWR

text: meter

text: reads

text: W

text: of

text: incident

text: power

text: and

text: W

text: of

text: reflected

text: power

text: that

text: means

text: that

text: W

text: have

text: actually

text: been

text: absorbed

text: by

text: the

text: antenna

text: ignoring

text: transmission

text: line

text: losses

text: How

text: much

text: of

text: that

text: power

text: has

text: actually

text: been

text: radiated

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: directly

text: determined

text: through

text: electrical

text: measurements

text: at

text: or

text: before

text: the

text: antenna

text: terminals

text: but

text: would

text: require

text: for

text: instance

text: careful

text: measurement

text: of

text: field

text: strength

text: Fortunately

text: the

text: loss

text: resistance

text: of

text: antenna

text: conductors

text: such

text: as

text: aluminum

text: rods

text: can

text: be

text: calculated

text: and

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: using

text: such

text: materials

text: predicted

question: What would need to be placed into the transmitter to create ten W oh warmth?

answer: 100 W

text: 100 W

question: What would need to be investigated to determine how much power was radiated?

answer: electrical measurements

text: electrical measurements

question: What factor may play a hand in lessened power from a transmitter?

answer: impedance matching

text: impedance matching


text: Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Since

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: its

text: oldest

text: buildings

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: physical

text: plant

text: has

text: grown

text: substantially

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: residence

text: halls

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: to

text: accommodate

text: students

text: and

text: each

text: has

text: been

text: constructed

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: chapel

text: Many

text: academic

text: building

text: were

text: added

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: libraries

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Theodore

text: Hesburgh

text: Library

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: today

text: containing

text: almost

text: million

text: books

text: Since

text: several

text: buildings

text: have

text: been

text: added

text: including

text: the

text: DeBartolo

text: Performing

text: Arts

text: Center

text: the

text: Guglielmino

text: Complex

text: and

text: the

text: Jordan

text: Hall

text: of

text: Science

text: Additionally

text: a

text: new

text: residence

text: for

text: men

text: Duncan

text: Hall

text: was

text: begun

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: began

text: accepting

text: residents

text: for

text: the

text: Fall

text: semester

text: Ryan

text: Hall

text: was

text: completed

text: and

text: began

text: housing

text: undergraduate

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: A

text: new

text: engineering

text: building

text: Stinson

text: Remick

text: Hall

text: a

text: new

text: combination

text: Center

text: for

text: Social

text: Concerns

text: Institute

text: for

text: Church

text: Life

text: building

text: Geddes

text: Hall

text: and

text: a

text: law

text: school

text: addition

text: have

text: recently

text: been

text: completed

text: as

text: well

text: Additionally

text: the

text: new

text: hockey

text: arena

text: opened

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: The

text: Stayer

text: Center

text: for

text: Executive

text: Education

text: which

text: houses

text: the

text: Mendoza

text: College

text: of

text: Business

text: Executive

text: Education

text: Department

text: opened

text: in

text: March

text: just

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: Mendoza

text: College

text: of

text: Business

text: building

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: long

text: athletic

text: tradition

text: the

text: university

text: features

text: also

text: many

text: building

text: dedicated

text: to

text: sport

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: is

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Stadium

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Fighting

text: Irish

text: football

text: team

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: renovated

text: several

text: times

text: and

text: today

text: it

text: can

text: hold

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: people

text: Prominent

text: venues

text: include

text: also

text: the

text: Edmund

text: P.

text: Joyce

text: Center

text: with

text: indoor

text: basketball

text: and

text: volleyball

text: courts

text: and

text: the

text: Compton

text: Family

text: Ice

text: Arena

text: a

text: two

text: rink

text: facility

text: dedicated

text: to

text: hockey

text: Also

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: outdoor

text: fields

text: as

text: the

text: Frank

text: Eck

text: Stadium

text: for

text: baseball

question: How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?

answer: 29

question: Which library was built at Notre Dame in 1963?

answer: Theodore Hesburgh Library

text: Theodore Hesburgh Library

question: How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?

answer: almost 4 million

text: almost 4 million

question: Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame?

answer: Duncan Hall

text: Duncan Hall

question: Which baseball stadium is found at Notre Dame?

answer: Frank Eck Stadium

text: Frank Eck Stadium


text: From 2004 to 2007, the top five U.S. investment banks each significantly increased their financial leverage (see diagram), which increased their vulnerability to a financial shock. Changes in capital requirements, intended to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts, allowed lower risk weightings for AAA securities. The shift from first-loss tranches to AAA tranches was seen by regulators as a risk reduction that compensated the higher leverage. These five institutions reported over $4.1 trillion in debt for fiscal year 2007, about 30% of USA nominal GDP for 2007. Lehman Brothers went bankrupt and was liquidated, Bear Stearns and Merrill Lynch were sold at fire-sale prices, and Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley became commercial banks, subjecting themselves to more stringent regulation. With the exception of Lehman, these companies required or received government support. Lehman reported that it had been in talks with Bank of America and Barclays for the company's possible sale. However, both Barclays and Bank of America ultimately declined to purchase the entire company.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: U.S.

text: investment

text: banks

text: each

text: significantly

text: increased

text: their

text: financial

text: leverage

text: see

text: diagram

text: which

text: increased

text: their

text: vulnerability

text: to

text: a

text: financial

text: shock

text: Changes

text: in

text: capital

text: requirements

text: intended

text: to

text: keep

text: U.S.

text: banks

text: competitive

text: with

text: their

text: European

text: counterparts

text: allowed

text: lower

text: risk

text: weightings

text: for

text: AAA

text: securities

text: The

text: shift

text: from

text: first

text: loss

text: tranches

text: to

text: AAA

text: tranches

text: was

text: seen

text: by

text: regulators

text: as

text: a

text: risk

text: reduction

text: that

text: compensated

text: the

text: higher

text: leverage

text: These

text: five

text: institutions

text: reported

text: over

text: trillion

text: in

text: debt

text: for

text: fiscal

text: year

text: about

text: of

text: USA

text: nominal

text: GDP

text: for

text: Lehman

text: Brothers

text: went

text: bankrupt

text: and

text: was

text: liquidated

text: Bear

text: Stearns

text: and

text: Merrill

text: Lynch

text: were

text: sold

text: at

text: fire

text: sale

text: prices

text: and

text: Goldman

text: Sachs

text: and

text: Morgan

text: Stanley

text: became

text: commercial

text: banks

text: subjecting

text: themselves

text: to

text: more

text: stringent

text: regulation

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Lehman

text: these

text: companies

text: required

text: or

text: received

text: government

text: support

text: Lehman

text: reported

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: talks

text: with

text: Bank

text: of

text: America

text: and

text: Barclays

text: for

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: possible

text: sale

text: However

text: both

text: Barclays

text: and

text: Bank

text: of

text: America

text: ultimately

text: declined

text: to

text: purchase

text: the

text: entire

text: company

question: How many U.S. investment banks significantly increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007?

answer: five

text: five

question: U.S. investment banks Increased their financial leverage and also increased their vulnerability to what?

answer: financial shock

text: financial shock

question: Changes in what intended to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts?

answer: capital requirements

text: capital requirements

question: How much debt did the top five U.S. investment banks report in fiscal year 2007?

answer: over $4.1 trillion

text: over $4.1 trillion

question: What financial institution went bankrupt and was liquidated in 2007?

answer: Lehman Brothers

text: Lehman Brothers


text: Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become important netting materials in the aquaculture industry because they are antimicrobial and prevent biofouling, even in extreme conditions and have strong structural and corrosion-resistant properties in marine environments.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: is

text: biostatic

text: meaning

text: bacteria

text: will

text: not

text: grow

text: on

text: it

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: it

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: line

text: parts

text: of

text: ships

text: to

text: protect

text: against

text: barnacles

text: and

text: mussels

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: pure

text: but

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: superseded

text: by

text: Muntz

text: metal

text: Similarly

text: as

text: discussed

text: in

text: copper

text: alloys

text: in

text: aquaculture

text: copper

text: alloys

text: have

text: become

text: important

text: netting

text: materials

text: in

text: the

text: aquaculture

text: industry

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: antimicrobial

text: and

text: prevent

text: biofouling

text: even

text: in

text: extreme

text: conditions

text: and

text: have

text: strong

text: structural

text: and

text: corrosion

text: resistant

text: properties

text: in

text: marine

text: environments

question: What word means that bacteria won't grow on a substrate?

answer: biostatic

text: biostatic

question: What has pure copper been replaced with in the building of ships?

answer: Muntz metal

text: Muntz metal

question: Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?

answer: ships

text: ships

question: In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make?

answer: netting materials

text: netting materials

question: Name a property that makes copper a good material to use in marine environments?

answer: corrosion-resistant

text: corrosion-resistant


text: Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2014 it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP. Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DELL), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500, until it was taken private in a leveraged buyout which closed on October 30, 2013.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: was

text: listed

text: at

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: Fortune

text: list

text: until

text: After

text: going

text: private

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: confidential

text: nature

text: of

text: its

text: financial

text: information

text: prevents

text: the

text: company

text: from

text: being

text: ranked

text: by

text: Fortune

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: PC

text: vendor

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Lenovo

text: and

text: HP

text: Dell

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: shipper

text: of

text: PC

text: monitors

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Dell

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: company

text: in

text: Texas

text: by

text: total

text: revenue

text: according

text: to

text: Fortune

text: magazine

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: non

text: oil

text: company

text: in

text: Texas

text: behind

text: AT&T

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Austin

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: publicly

text: traded

text: company

text: NASDAQ

text: DELL

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: S&P

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: taken

text: private

text: in

text: a

text: leveraged

text: buyout

text: which

text: closed

text: on

text: October

question: What number was dell on the Fortune 500 list until 2014?

answer: 51

question: When did Dell go private?

answer: 2013

question: Dell is currently the #1 shipper of what?

answer: PC monitors

text: PC monitors

question: In which state is Dell the sixth largest company?

answer: Texas

text: Texas

question: What PC vendor rank did Dell hold?

answer: third largest

text: third largest


text: Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, leotards, tracksuits, and trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing) and leotards (for gymnastics). Also, spandex materials are often used as base layers to soak up sweat. Spandex is also preferable for active sports that require form fitting garments, such as volleyball, wrestling, track & field, dance, gymnastics and swimming.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Most

text: sports

text: and

text: physical

text: activities

text: are

text: practiced

text: wearing

text: special

text: clothing

text: for

text: practical

text: comfort

text: or

text: safety

text: reasons

text: Common

text: sportswear

text: garments

text: include

text: shorts

text: T

text: shirts

text: tennis

text: shirts

text: leotards

text: tracksuits

text: and

text: trainers

text: Specialized

text: garments

text: include

text: wet

text: suits

text: for

text: swimming

text: diving

text: or

text: surfing

text: salopettes

text: for

text: skiing

text: and

text: leotards

text: for

text: gymnastics

text: Also

text: spandex

text: materials

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: base

text: layers

text: to

text: soak

text: up

text: sweat

text: Spandex

text: is

text: also

text: preferable

text: for

text: active

text: sports

text: that

text: require

text: form

text: fitting

text: garments

text: such

text: as

text: volleyball

text: wrestling

text: track

text: field

text: dance

text: gymnastics

text: and

text: swimming

question: Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing.

answer: special

text: special

question: Leotards are an example of what type of garment?

answer: sportswear

text: sportswear

question: What does spandex soak up?

answer: sweat

text: sweat

question: What's an example of a form fitting garment?

answer: Spandex

text: Spandex

question: What type of sport is wrestling considered?

answer: active

text: active


text: Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Australia by an American president, his friend Lyndon B. Johnson. Holt's government introduced the Migration Act 1966, which effectively dismantled the White Australia Policy and increased access to non-European migrants, including refugees fleeing the Vietnam War. Holt also called the 1967 Referendum which removed the discriminatory clause in the Australian Constitution which excluded Aboriginal Australians from being counted in the census – the referendum was one of the few to be overwhelmingly endorsed by the Australian electorate (over 90% voted 'yes'). By the end of 1967, the Liberals' initially popular support for the war in Vietnam was causing increasing public protest.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: Holt

text: increased

text: Australian

text: commitment

text: to

text: the

text: growing

text: War

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: which

text: met

text: with

text: some

text: public

text: opposition

text: His

text: government

text: oversaw

text: conversion

text: to

text: decimal

text: currency

text: Holt

text: faced

text: Britain

text: 's

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: visiting

text: and

text: hosting

text: many

text: Asian

text: leaders

text: and

text: by

text: expanding

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: hosting

text: the

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: Australia

text: by

text: an

text: American

text: president

text: his

text: friend

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: Holt

text: 's

text: government

text: introduced

text: the

text: Migration

text: Act

text: which

text: effectively

text: dismantled

text: the

text: White

text: Australia

text: Policy

text: and

text: increased

text: access

text: to

text: non

text: European

text: migrants

text: including

text: refugees

text: fleeing

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: Holt

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Referendum

text: which

text: removed

text: the

text: discriminatory

text: clause

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: Constitution

text: which

text: excluded

text: Aboriginal

text: Australians

text: from

text: being

text: counted

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: referendum

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: to

text: be

text: overwhelmingly

text: endorsed

text: by

text: the

text: Australian

text: electorate

text: over

text: voted

text: yes

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Liberals

text: initially

text: popular

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: causing

text: increasing

text: public

text: protest

question: Government under whom experienced the conversion to decimal currency?

answer: Holt

text: Holt

question: Which of Holt's stances received some public opposition?

answer: commitment to the growing War in Vietnam

text: commitment to the growing War in Vietnam

question: Which Referendum allowed Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census?

answer: 1967 Referendum

text: 1967 Referendum

question: What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?

answer: 90%


text: Hyderabad was historically known as a pearl and diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known as the City of Pearls. Many of the city's traditional bazaars, including Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar, have remained open for centuries. However, industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian manufacturing, research and financial institutions, including Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the National Geophysical Research Institute and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. Special economic zones dedicated to information technology have encouraged companies from across India and around the world to set up operations and the emergence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the 1990s led to the area's naming as India's "Genome Valley". With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India's overall gross domestic product.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: was

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: pearl

text: and

text: diamond

text: trading

text: centre

text: and

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Pearls

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: traditional

text: bazaars

text: including

text: Laad

text: Bazaar

text: Begum

text: Bazaar

text: and

text: Sultan

text: Bazaar

text: have

text: remained

text: open

text: for

text: centuries

text: However

text: industrialisation

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: attracted

text: major

text: Indian

text: manufacturing

text: research

text: and

text: financial

text: institutions

text: including

text: Bharat

text: Heavy

text: Electricals

text: Limited

text: the

text: National

text: Geophysical

text: Research

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: Centre

text: for

text: Cellular

text: and

text: Molecular

text: Biology

text: Special

text: economic

text: zones

text: dedicated

text: to

text: information

text: technology

text: have

text: encouraged

text: companies

text: from

text: across

text: India

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: operations

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: pharmaceutical

text: and

text: biotechnology

text: industries

text: in

text: the

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: naming

text: as

text: India

text: 's

text: Genome

text: Valley

text: With

text: an

text: output

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: contributor

text: to

text: India

text: 's

text: overall

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

question: What items had been historically traded in Hyderabad?

answer: pearl and diamond

text: pearl and diamond

question: What is a nickname for Hyderabad?

answer: City of Pearls

text: City of Pearls

question: What are three historic bazaars in Hyderabad?

answer: Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar

text: Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar

question: What is the economic output of Hyderabad?

answer: US$74 billion

text: US$74 billion

question: What is the rank of Hyderabad among cities contributing to India's GDP?

answer: fifth-largest

text: fifth-largest


text: The Mīmāṃsā school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: The

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: school

text: has

text: several

text: subschools

text: defined

text: by

text: epistemology

text: The

text: Prābhākara

text: subschool

text: of

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: considered

text: five

text: epistemically

text: reliable

text: means

text: to

text: gaining

text: knowledge

text: pratyakṣa

text: perception

text: anumāṇa

text: inference

text: upamāṇa

text: comparison

text: and

text: analogy

text: arthāpatti

text: postulation

text: derivation

text: from

text: circumstances

text: and

text: śabda

text: word

text: testimony

text: of

text: past

text: or

text: present

text: reliable

text: experts

text: The

text: Kumārila

text: Bhaṭṭa

text: sub

text: school

text: of

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: added

text: sixth

text: to

text: its

text: canon

text: of

text: reliable

text: epistemology

text: anupalabdi

text: non

text: perception

text: negative

text: cognitive

text: proof

question: How many ways does the Mimamsa separate into subschools?

answer: several

text: several

question: How many ways does the Prabhakara subschool of Mimamsa say there are to gain knowledge?

answer: five

text: five

question: How is pratyaksa defined in the Prabhakara subschool?

answer: perception

text: perception

question: What is the word for inference in the Prabhakara subschool?

answer: anumāṇa

text: anumāṇa

question: What is comparison and analogy in the Prabhakara school?

answer: upamāṇa

text: upamāṇa


text: The university operates under 11 colleges or schools, which collectively offer 194 bachelor's degree programs, 68 master's degree programs, 25 PhD programs, and a Juris Doctor program. BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college departments, including Undergraduate Education, Graduate Studies, Independent Study, Continuing Education, and the Honors Program. BYU's Winter semester ends earlier than most universities in April since there is no Spring break, thus allowing students to pursue internships and other summer activities earlier. A typical academic year is broken up into two semesters: Fall (September–December) and Winter (January–April), as well as two shorter terms during the summer months: Spring (May–June) and Summer (July–August).

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: The

text: university

text: operates

text: under

text: colleges

text: or

text: schools

text: which

text: collectively

text: offer

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: programs

text: master

text: 's

text: degree

text: programs

text: PhD

text: programs

text: and

text: a

text: Juris

text: Doctor

text: program

text: BYU

text: also

text: manages

text: some

text: courses

text: and

text: majors

text: through

text: the

text: David

text: M.

text: Kennedy

text: Center

text: for

text: International

text: Studies

text: and

text: miscellaneous

text: college

text: departments

text: including

text: Undergraduate

text: Education

text: Graduate

text: Studies

text: Independent

text: Study

text: Continuing

text: Education

text: and

text: the

text: Honors

text: Program

text: BYU

text: 's

text: Winter

text: semester

text: ends

text: earlier

text: than

text: most

text: universities

text: in

text: April

text: since

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: Spring

text: break

text: thus

text: allowing

text: students

text: to

text: pursue

text: internships

text: and

text: other

text: summer

text: activities

text: earlier

text: A

text: typical

text: academic

text: year

text: is

text: broken

text: up

text: into

text: two

text: semesters

text: Fall

text: September

text: December

text: and

text: Winter

text: January

text: April

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: two

text: shorter

text: terms

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: Spring

text: May

text: June

text: and

text: Summer

text: July

text: August

question: Why does BYU's Winter semester end earlier than most colleges?

answer: there is no Spring break

text: there is no Spring break

question: How many semesters is a typical BYU year broken up into?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many shorter terms does BYU have during the summer?

answer: two

text: two

question: What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU?

answer: Juris

text: Juris

question: What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students?

answer: Winter semester ends earlier than most universities

text: Winter semester ends earlier than most universities


text: Since the armature windings of a direct-current or universal motor are moving through a magnetic field, they have a voltage induced in them. This voltage tends to oppose the motor supply voltage and so is called "back electromotive force (emf)". The voltage is proportional to the running speed of the motor. The back emf of the motor, plus the voltage drop across the winding internal resistance and brushes, must equal the voltage at the brushes. This provides the fundamental mechanism of speed regulation in a DC motor. If the mechanical load increases, the motor slows down; a lower back emf results, and more current is drawn from the supply. This increased current provides the additional torque to balance the new load.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Since

text: the

text: armature

text: windings

text: of

text: a

text: direct

text: current

text: or

text: universal

text: motor

text: are

text: moving

text: through

text: a

text: magnetic

text: field

text: they

text: have

text: a

text: voltage

text: induced

text: in

text: them

text: This

text: voltage

text: tends

text: to

text: oppose

text: the

text: motor

text: supply

text: voltage

text: and

text: so

text: is

text: called

text: back

text: electromotive

text: force

text: emf

text: The

text: voltage

text: is

text: proportional

text: to

text: the

text: running

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: motor

text: The

text: back

text: emf

text: of

text: the

text: motor

text: plus

text: the

text: voltage

text: drop

text: across

text: the

text: winding

text: internal

text: resistance

text: and

text: brushes

text: must

text: equal

text: the

text: voltage

text: at

text: the

text: brushes

text: This

text: provides

text: the

text: fundamental

text: mechanism

text: of

text: speed

text: regulation

text: in

text: a

text: DC

text: motor

text: If

text: the

text: mechanical

text: load

text: increases

text: the

text: motor

text: slows

text: down

text: a

text: lower

text: back

text: emf

text: results

text: and

text: more

text: current

text: is

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: supply

text: This

text: increased

text: current

text: provides

text: the

text: additional

text: torque

text: to

text: balance

text: the

text: new

text: load

question: Voltage opposing the motor supply voltage is called what?

answer: back electromotive force

text: back electromotive force

question: EMP is proportional to what?

answer: the running speed of the motor

text: the running speed of the motor

question: Voltage at the brushes is equal to what?

answer: back emf of the motor, plus the voltage drop across the winding internal resistance

text: back emf of the motor, plus the voltage drop across the winding internal resistance

question: If load increases, what happens to current drawn?

answer: more current is drawn from the supply

text: more current is drawn from the supply


text: With the financial expansion, trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite. Towns saw the growing power of guilds, while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades, like the English wool Staple. The beneficiaries of these developments would accumulate immense wealth. Families like the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England, and individuals like Jacques Coeur in France would help finance the wars of kings, and achieve great political influence in the process.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: With

text: the

text: financial

text: expansion

text: trading

text: rights

text: became

text: more

text: jealously

text: guarded

text: by

text: the

text: commercial

text: elite

text: Towns

text: saw

text: the

text: growing

text: power

text: of

text: guilds

text: while

text: on

text: a

text: national

text: level

text: special

text: companies

text: would

text: be

text: granted

text: monopolies

text: on

text: particular

text: trades

text: like

text: the

text: English

text: wool

text: Staple

text: The

text: beneficiaries

text: of

text: these

text: developments

text: would

text: accumulate

text: immense

text: wealth

text: Families

text: like

text: the

text: Fuggers

text: in

text: Germany

text: the

text: Medicis

text: in

text: Italy

text: the

text: de

text: la

text: Poles

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: individuals

text: like

text: Jacques

text: Coeur

text: in

text: France

text: would

text: help

text: finance

text: the

text: wars

text: of

text: kings

text: and

text: achieve

text: great

text: political

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: process

question: What privilege was granted to companies on a national level?

answer: monopolies

text: monopolies

question: Which families financed the wars of kings?

answer: the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England

text: the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England

question: Which economic associations gained power in the towns?

answer: guilds

text: guilds

question: Where was Jacques Couer from?

answer: France

text: France


text: On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the "awful error" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its "past sins". In January 2005, The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman admitting the Hillsborough coverage was "the worst mistake in our history", added: "What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989."

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: July

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: verbal

text: attacks

text: in

text: Liverpool

text: on

text: Wayne

text: Rooney

text: just

text: before

text: his

text: transfer

text: from

text: Everton

text: to

text: Manchester

text: United

text: who

text: had

text: sold

text: his

text: life

text: story

text: to

text: The

text: Sun

text: the

text: paper

text: devoted

text: a

text: full

text: page

text: editorial

text: to

text: an

text: apology

text: for

text: the

text: awful

text: error

text: of

text: its

text: Hillsborough

text: coverage

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: Rooney

text: who

text: was

text: still

text: only

text: three

text: years

text: old

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Hillsborough

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: punished

text: for

text: its

text: past

text: sins

text: In

text: January

text: The

text: Sun

text: 's

text: managing

text: editor

text: Graham

text: Dudman

text: admitting

text: the

text: Hillsborough

text: coverage

text: was

text: the

text: worst

text: mistake

text: in

text: our

text: history

text: added

text: What

text: we

text: did

text: was

text: a

text: terrible

text: mistake

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: terrible

text: insensitive

text: horrible

text: article

text: with

text: a

text: dreadful

text: headline

text: but

text: what

text: we

text: 'd

text: also

text: say

text: is

text: we

text: have

text: apologised

text: for

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: senior

text: team

text: here

text: now

text: is

text: completely

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: team

text: that

text: put

text: the

text: paper

text: out

text: in

question: Which footballer was verbally attacked in Liverpool?

answer: Wayne Rooney

text: Wayne Rooney

question: What team did Rooney transfer to?

answer: Manchester United

text: Manchester United

question: What was Rooney's age at the time of the Hillsborough disaster?

answer: three years old

text: three years old

question: Who was managing editor of The Sun in 2005?

answer: Graham Dudman

text: Graham Dudman

question: How did Dudman describe The Sun's Hillsborough coverage?

answer: "the worst mistake in our history"

text: "the worst mistake in our history"