text: The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Joint

text: Operations

text: Command

text: is

text: an

text: operational

text: element

text: established

text: in

text: October

text: with

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Canada

text: Command

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Expeditionary

text: Force

text: Command

text: and

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Operational

text: Support

text: Command

text: The

text: new

text: command

text: created

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: cost

text: cutting

text: measures

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: budget

text: combines

text: the

text: resources

text: roles

text: and

text: responsibilities

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: former

text: commands

text: under

text: a

text: single

text: headquarters

question: When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established?

answer: October 2012

text: October 2012

question: What are the parts that merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command?

answer: Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command

text: Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command

question: What specifically prompted this merger?

answer: the 2012 federal budget

text: the 2012 federal budget


text: The rivalries between the Arab tribes had caused unrest in the provinces outside Syria, most notably in the Second Muslim Civil War of 680–692 CE and the Berber Revolt of 740–743 CE. During the Second Civil War, leadership of the Umayyad clan shifted from the Sufyanid branch of the family to the Marwanid branch. As the constant campaigning exhausted the resources and manpower of the state, the Umayyads, weakened by the Third Muslim Civil War of 744–747 CE, were finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750 CE/132 AH. A branch of the family fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus, where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until 1031 before falling due to the Fitna of al-Ándalus.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: The

text: rivalries

text: between

text: the

text: Arab

text: tribes

text: had

text: caused

text: unrest

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: outside

text: Syria

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Muslim

text: Civil

text: War

text: of

text: CE

text: and

text: the

text: Berber

text: Revolt

text: of

text: CE

text: During

text: the

text: Second

text: Civil

text: War

text: leadership

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: clan

text: shifted

text: from

text: the

text: Sufyanid

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: to

text: the

text: Marwanid

text: branch

text: As

text: the

text: constant

text: campaigning

text: exhausted

text: the

text: resources

text: and

text: manpower

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: weakened

text: by

text: the

text: Third

text: Muslim

text: Civil

text: War

text: of

text: CE

text: were

text: finally

text: toppled

text: by

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: Revolution

text: in

text: AH

text: A

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: fled

text: across

text: North

text: Africa

text: to

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: where

text: they

text: established

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: of

text: Córdoba

text: which

text: lasted

text: until

text: before

text: falling

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Fitna

text: of

text: al

text: Ándalus

question: In what year CE did the Second Muslim Civil War end?

answer: 692

question: During what period did the Berber Revolt occur?

answer: 740–743 CE

text: 740–743 CE

question: What branch took over Umayyad leadership during the Second Civil War?

answer: Marwanid

text: Marwanid


text: In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon. In Latin texts, on the other hand, Joseph Fontenrose declared himself unable to find any conflation of Apollo with Sol among the Augustan poets of the 1st century, not even in the conjurations of Aeneas and Latinus in Aeneid XII (161–215). Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 3rd century CE.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: In

text: Hellenistic

text: times

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: as

text: Apollo

text: Helios

text: he

text: became

text: identified

text: among

text: Greeks

text: with

text: Helios

text: Titan

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: his

text: sister

text: Artemis

text: similarly

text: equated

text: with

text: Selene

text: Titan

text: goddess

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: In

text: Latin

text: texts

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Joseph

text: Fontenrose

text: declared

text: himself

text: unable

text: to

text: find

text: any

text: conflation

text: of

text: Apollo

text: with

text: Sol

text: among

text: the

text: Augustan

text: poets

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: not

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: conjurations

text: of

text: Aeneas

text: and

text: Latinus

text: in

text: Aeneid

text: XII

text: Apollo

text: and

text: Helios

text: Sol

text: remained

text: separate

text: beings

text: in

text: literary

text: and

text: mythological

text: texts

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: CE

question: Who was the Titan goddess of the moon?

answer: Selene

text: Selene

question: In Hellenestic times, Greeks identified Apollo Helios as what name?

answer: Helios

text: Helios

question: What was the name of Apollo's sister?

answer: Artemis

text: Artemis


text: Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (mp3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression (data of 5 percent to 20 percent of the original stream, rather than 50 percent to 60 percent), by discarding less-critical data.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Lossy

text: audio

text: compression

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: applications

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: direct

text: applications

text: players

text: or

text: computers

text: digitally

text: compressed

text: audio

text: streams

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: most

text: video

text: DVDs

text: digital

text: television

text: streaming

text: media

text: on

text: the

text: internet

text: satellite

text: and

text: cable

text: radio

text: and

text: increasingly

text: in

text: terrestrial

text: radio

text: broadcasts

text: Lossy

text: compression

text: typically

text: achieves

text: far

text: greater

text: compression

text: than

text: lossless

text: compression

text: data

text: of

text: percent

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: stream

text: rather

text: than

text: percent

text: to

text: percent

text: by

text: discarding

text: less

text: critical

text: data

question: What compression is used in a lot of applications?

answer: Lossy

text: Lossy

question: What is used in most video DVDs?

answer: digitally compressed audio streams

text: digitally compressed audio streams

question: What compression usually achieves far greater compression then lossless?

answer: Lossy

text: Lossy


text: The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: The

text: conflict

text: in

text: northern

text: Mali

text: began

text: in

text: January

text: with

text: radical

text: Islamists

text: affiliated

text: to

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: advancing

text: into

text: northern

text: Mali

text: The

text: Malian

text: government

text: had

text: a

text: hard

text: time

text: maintaining

text: full

text: control

text: over

text: their

text: country

text: The

text: fledgling

text: government

text: requested

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: on

text: combating

text: the

text: Islamic

text: militants

text: In

text: January

text: France

text: intervened

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: Malian

text: government

text: 's

text: request

text: and

text: deployed

text: troops

text: into

text: the

text: region

text: They

text: launched

text: Operation

text: Serval

text: on

text: January

text: with

text: the

text: hopes

text: of

text: dislodging

text: the

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: affiliated

text: groups

text: from

text: northern

text: Mali

question: When did a Mali conflict begin?

answer: January 2012

text: January 2012

question: What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with?

answer: al-Qaeda

text: al-Qaeda

question: When did France provide troops in Mali?

answer: January 2013

text: January 2013

question: What did France call its Mali operation?

answer: Operation Serval

text: Operation Serval

question: What was Operation Serval's goal?

answer: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali

text: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali


text: The Chihuahuan Desert is home to a diverse ecosystem which is home to a large variety of mammals. The most common mammals in the desert include: Desert cottontail Sylvilagus audubonii, black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus, hooded skunk Mephitis macroura, cactus mouse Peromyscus eremicus, swift fox Vulpes velox, white-throated woodrat Neotoma albigula, pallid bat Antrozous pallidus, and coyote Canis latrans. The most observed reptiles in the desert include: Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus, twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei, prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis, ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi, whip snake Masticophis flagellum, New Mexico whiptail Cnemidophorus neomexicanus, and red-spotted toad Bufo punctatus.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: Chihuahuan

text: Desert

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: diverse

text: ecosystem

text: which

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: mammals

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: mammals

text: in

text: the

text: desert

text: include

text: Desert

text: cottontail

text: Sylvilagus

text: audubonii

text: black

text: tailed

text: jackrabbit

text: Lepus

text: californicus

text: hooded

text: skunk

text: Mephitis

text: macroura

text: cactus

text: mouse

text: Peromyscus

text: eremicus

text: swift

text: fox

text: Vulpes

text: velox

text: white

text: throated

text: woodrat

text: Neotoma

text: albigula

text: pallid

text: bat

text: Antrozous

text: pallidus

text: and

text: coyote

text: Canis

text: latrans

text: The

text: most

text: observed

text: reptiles

text: in

text: the

text: desert

text: include

text: Mohave

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: scutulatus

text: twin

text: spotted

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: pricei

text: prairie

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: viridis

text: ridge

text: nosed

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: willardi

text: whip

text: snake

text: Masticophis

text: flagellum

text: New

text: Mexico

text: whiptail

text: Cnemidophorus

text: neomexicanus

text: and

text: red

text: spotted

text: toad

text: Bufo

text: punctatus

question: The Chihuahuan Desert is home to many of which type of animal?

answer: mammals

text: mammals

question: Which type of reptile is most common in the desert?

answer: rattlesnake

text: rattlesnake

question: Mephitis macroura is which type of mammal?

answer: skunk

text: skunk


text: Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and vegetable sacrifices. Granaries and storehouses were usually located near the temples. After a time the Sumerians began to place the temples on top of multi-layered square constructions built as a series of rising terraces, giving rise to the Ziggurat style.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: Ziggurats

text: Sumerian

text: temples

text: each

text: had

text: an

text: individual

text: name

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: a

text: forecourt

text: with

text: a

text: central

text: pond

text: for

text: purification

text: The

text: temple

text: itself

text: had

text: a

text: central

text: nave

text: with

text: aisles

text: along

text: either

text: side

text: Flanking

text: the

text: aisles

text: would

text: be

text: rooms

text: for

text: the

text: priests

text: At

text: one

text: end

text: would

text: stand

text: the

text: podium

text: and

text: a

text: mudbrick

text: table

text: for

text: animal

text: and

text: vegetable

text: sacrifices

text: Granaries

text: and

text: storehouses

text: were

text: usually

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: temples

text: After

text: a

text: time

text: the

text: Sumerians

text: began

text: to

text: place

text: the

text: temples

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: multi

text: layered

text: square

text: constructions

text: built

text: as

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: rising

text: terraces

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: Ziggurat

text: style

question: What were Sumerian temples known as?

answer: Ziggurats

text: Ziggurats

question: What was the central pond in the forecourt of a Ziggurat for?

answer: purification

text: purification

question: Who were the rooms on either side of the aisles in the temple for?

answer: the priests

text: the priests

question: What was the mudbrick table in the temple for?

answer: animal and vegetable sacrifices

text: animal and vegetable sacrifices

question: Where did the Sumerians usually locate their granaries and storehouses?

answer: near the temples

text: near the temples


text: Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, a member of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, which recorded at Gennett Records in 1923, remembered that at first Oliver and his young second trumpet, Louis Armstrong, stood next to each other and Oliver's horn could not be heard. "They put Louis about fifteen feet over in the corner, looking all sad." For fading instrumental parts in and out while recording, some performers were placed on a moveable platform, which could draw the performer(s) nearer or further away as required.[citation needed]

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Contrary

text: to

text: popular

text: belief

text: if

text: placed

text: properly

text: and

text: prepared

text: for

text: drums

text: could

text: be

text: effectively

text: used

text: and

text: heard

text: on

text: even

text: the

text: earliest

text: jazz

text: and

text: military

text: band

text: recordings

text: The

text: loudest

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: drums

text: and

text: trumpets

text: were

text: positioned

text: the

text: farthest

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: collecting

text: horn

text: Lillian

text: Hardin

text: Armstrong

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: King

text: Oliver

text: 's

text: Creole

text: Jazz

text: Band

text: which

text: recorded

text: at

text: Gennett

text: Records

text: in

text: remembered

text: that

text: at

text: first

text: Oliver

text: and

text: his

text: young

text: second

text: trumpet

text: Louis

text: Armstrong

text: stood

text: next

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: Oliver

text: 's

text: horn

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: heard

text: They

text: put

text: Louis

text: about

text: fifteen

text: feet

text: over

text: in

text: the

text: corner

text: looking

text: all

text: sad

text: For

text: fading

text: instrumental

text: parts

text: in

text: and

text: out

text: while

text: recording

text: some

text: performers

text: were

text: placed

text: on

text: a

text: moveable

text: platform

text: which

text: could

text: draw

text: the

text: performer(s

text: nearer

text: or

text: further

text: away

text: as

text: required.[citation

text: needed

question: What tool was used to improve sound quality in early recordings for special effects?

answer: moveable platform

text: moveable platform

question: Where were loud instruments best placed for good sound quality?

answer: farthest away from the collecting horn

text: farthest away from the collecting horn

question: How far away has a trumpeter been known to stand?

answer: fifteen feet

text: fifteen feet

question: Were drums heard on early jazz recordings?

answer: drums could be effectively used

text: drums could be effectively used

question: What was the item called that recorded the sounds?

answer: collecting horn

text: collecting horn


text: These reforms were based heavily on French models, as indicated by the adoption of a three-tiered court system. Referred to as Nizamiye, this system was extended to the local magistrate level with the final promulgation of the Mecelle, a civil code that regulated marriage, divorce, alimony, will, and other matters of personal status. In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: These

text: reforms

text: were

text: based

text: heavily

text: on

text: French

text: models

text: as

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: a

text: three

text: tiered

text: court

text: system

text: Referred

text: to

text: as

text: Nizamiye

text: this

text: system

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: magistrate

text: level

text: with

text: the

text: final

text: promulgation

text: of

text: the

text: Mecelle

text: a

text: civil

text: code

text: that

text: regulated

text: marriage

text: divorce

text: alimony

text: will

text: and

text: other

text: matters

text: of

text: personal

text: status

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: clarify

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: judicial

text: competences

text: an

text: administrative

text: council

text: laid

text: down

text: that

text: religious

text: matters

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: handled

text: by

text: religious

text: courts

text: and

text: statute

text: matters

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: handled

text: by

text: the

text: Nizamiye

text: courts

question: Reforms in the Ottoman court system were based on what model?

answer: French models

text: French models

question: How many tiers did the Ottoman court system adopt?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was the new Ottoman court system known as?

answer: Nizamiye

text: Nizamiye

question: What code regulated marriage?

answer: the Mecelle

text: the Mecelle


text: During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period, and into the Late Middle Ages.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: During

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: which

text: began

text: after

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Europe

text: increased

text: greatly

text: as

text: technological

text: and

text: agricultural

text: innovations

text: allowed

text: trade

text: to

text: flourish

text: and

text: the

text: Medieval

text: Warm

text: Period

text: climate

text: change

text: allowed

text: crop

text: yields

text: to

text: increase

text: Manorialism

text: the

text: organisation

text: of

text: peasants

text: into

text: villages

text: that

text: owed

text: rent

text: and

text: labour

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: nobles

text: and

text: feudalism

text: the

text: political

text: structure

text: whereby

text: knights

text: and

text: lower

text: status

text: nobles

text: owed

text: military

text: service

text: to

text: their

text: overlords

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: rent

text: from

text: lands

text: and

text: manors

text: were

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: ways

text: society

text: was

text: organised

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: Crusades

text: first

text: preached

text: in

text: were

text: military

text: attempts

text: by

text: Western

text: European

text: Christians

text: to

text: regain

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: from

text: the

text: Muslims

text: Kings

text: became

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: centralised

text: nation

text: states

text: reducing

text: crime

text: and

text: violence

text: but

text: making

text: the

text: ideal

text: of

text: a

text: unified

text: Christendom

text: more

text: distant

text: Intellectual

text: life

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: scholasticism

text: a

text: philosophy

text: that

text: emphasised

text: joining

text: faith

text: to

text: reason

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: universities

text: The

text: theology

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: the

text: paintings

text: of

text: Giotto

text: the

text: poetry

text: of

text: Dante

text: and

text: Chaucer

text: the

text: travels

text: of

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: and

text: the

text: architecture

text: of

text: Gothic

text: cathedrals

text: such

text: as

text: Chartres

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: outstanding

text: achievements

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages?

answer: 1000

question: What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages?

answer: the Medieval Warm Period

text: the Medieval Warm Period

question: What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles?

answer: Manorialism

text: Manorialism

question: What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service?

answer: feudalism

text: feudalism

question: In what year did the Crusades begin?

answer: 1095


text: Stanley Crouch wrote in a New York Daily News piece "Obama's mother is of white U.S. stock. His father is a black Kenyan," in a column entitled "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me." During the 2008 campaign, the African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times accused white liberals of flocking to Obama because he was a "Magic Negro", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white (as cultural protagonists/drivers) agenda. Ehrenstein went on to say "He's there to assuage white 'guilt' they feel over the role of slavery and racial segregation in American history."

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Stanley

text: Crouch

text: wrote

text: in

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Daily

text: News

text: piece

text: Obama

text: 's

text: mother

text: is

text: of

text: white

text: U.S.

text: stock

text: His

text: father

text: is

text: a

text: black

text: Kenyan

text: in

text: a

text: column

text: entitled

text: What

text: Obama

text: Is

text: n't

text: Black

text: Like

text: Me

text: During

text: the

text: campaign

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: columnist

text: David

text: Ehrenstein

text: of

text: the

text: LA

text: Times

text: accused

text: white

text: liberals

text: of

text: flocking

text: to

text: Obama

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: Magic

text: Negro

text: a

text: term

text: that

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: black

text: person

text: with

text: no

text: past

text: who

text: simply

text: appears

text: to

text: assist

text: the

text: mainstream

text: white

text: as

text: cultural

text: protagonists

text: drivers

text: agenda

text: Ehrenstein

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: say

text: He

text: 's

text: there

text: to

text: assuage

text: white

text: guilt

text: they

text: feel

text: over

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: slavery

text: and

text: racial

text: segregation

text: in

text: American

text: history

question: Who wrote an article in the New York Dail News about Obama?

answer: Stanley Crouch

text: Stanley Crouch

question: What did David Ehrenstein call Obama in 2008?

answer: "Magic Negro",

text: "Magic Negro",

question: What did Ehrenstein say Obama does for white people?

answer: assuage white 'guilt'

text: assuage white 'guilt'

question: What was the title of Crouch's article?

answer: "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me."

text: "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me."


text: Pope John XXIII offered to mediate between US President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. Both men applauded the pope for his deep commitment to peace. Khrushchev would later send a message via Norman Cousins and the letter expressed his best wishes for the pontiff's ailing health. John XXIII personally typed and sent a message back to him, thanking him for his letter. Cousins, meanwhile, travelled to New York City and ensured that John would become Time magazine's 'Man of the Year'. John XXIII became the first Pope to receive the title, followed by John Paul II in 1994 and Francis in 2013.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: offered

text: to

text: mediate

text: between

text: US

text: President

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: during

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Missile

text: Crisis

text: in

text: October

text: Both

text: men

text: applauded

text: the

text: pope

text: for

text: his

text: deep

text: commitment

text: to

text: peace

text: Khrushchev

text: would

text: later

text: send

text: a

text: message

text: via

text: Norman

text: Cousins

text: and

text: the

text: letter

text: expressed

text: his

text: best

text: wishes

text: for

text: the

text: pontiff

text: 's

text: ailing

text: health

text: John

text: XXIII

text: personally

text: typed

text: and

text: sent

text: a

text: message

text: back

text: to

text: him

text: thanking

text: him

text: for

text: his

text: letter

text: Cousins

text: meanwhile

text: travelled

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: John

text: would

text: become

text: Time

text: magazine

text: 's

text: Man

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: John

text: XXIII

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Pope

text: to

text: receive

text: the

text: title

text: followed

text: by

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: in

text: and

text: Francis

text: in

question: John XXIII offered to mediate between who?

answer: US President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev

text: US President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev

question: When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

answer: October 1962

text: October 1962

question: Who expressed best wishes for the pope's health?

answer: Nikita Khrushchev

text: Nikita Khrushchev

question: John XXIII became the first pope to receive what title?

answer: Time magazine's 'Man of the Year'

text: Time magazine's 'Man of the Year'

question: Who was the latest pope to hold the title of 'Man of the Year?'

answer: Francis

text: Francis


text: 23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations:

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: another

text: main

text: numbered

text: street

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: It

text: begins

text: at

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: and

text: ends

text: at

text: Eleventh

text: Avenue

text: Its

text: length

text: is

text: m

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: way

text: travel

text: On

text: Street

text: there

text: are

text: five

text: local

text: subway

text: stations

question: Where does 23rd Street begin?

answer: FDR Drive

text: FDR Drive

question: Where does 23rd Street end?

answer: Eleventh Avenue

text: Eleventh Avenue

question: What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?

answer: 3.1 km

text: 3.1 km

question: Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street?

answer: two-way

text: two-way

question: How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street?

answer: five

text: five


text: There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: main

text: termini

text: for

text: bus

text: services

text: As

text: the

text: biggest

text: operator

text: First

text: uses

text: stops

text: around

text: Pound

text: Tree

text: Road

text: This

text: leaves

text: the

text: other

text: terminal

text: of

text: West

text: Quay

text: available

text: for

text: other

text: operators

text: Uni

text: link

text: passes

text: West

text: Quay

text: in

text: both

text: directions

text: and

text: Wilts

text: Dorset

text: drop

text: passengers

text: off

text: and

text: pick

text: them

text: up

text: there

text: terminating

text: at

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: bus

text: stands

text: along

text: the

text: road

text: Certain

text: Bluestar

text: services

text: also

text: do

text: this

text: while

text: others

text: stop

text: at

text: Bargate

text: and

text: some

text: loop

text: round

text: West

text: Quay

text: stopping

text: at

text: Hanover

text: Buildings

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: tram

text: system

text: from

text: to

question: What road does First use stops around to leave a terminal available for other buses?

answer: Pound Tree Road

text: Pound Tree Road

question: Which bus service passes West Quay going in both directions?

answer: Uni-link

text: Uni-link

question: What operator drops off and picks up passengers at West Quay?

answer: Wilts & Dorset

text: Wilts & Dorset

question: When did the tram system stop operating in Southampton?

answer: 1949

question: Where do buses that loop around West Quay stop?

answer: Hanover Buildings

text: Hanover Buildings


text: Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-government militants in Tunisia into the 1980s. Turning his attention to Algeria, in 1975 Libya signed the Hassi Messaoud defence agreement allegedly to counter "Moroccan expansionism", also funding the Polisario Front of Western Sahara in their independence struggle against Morocco. Seeking to diversify Libya's economy, Gaddafi's government began purchasing shares in major European corporations like Fiat as well as buying real estate in Malta and Italy, which would become a valuable source of income during the 1980s oil slump.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: sought

text: to

text: develop

text: closer

text: links

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: in

text: January

text: Libya

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: announced

text: a

text: political

text: union

text: the

text: Arab

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: Although

text: advocated

text: by

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: Tunisian

text: President

text: Habib

text: Bourguiba

text: the

text: move

text: was

text: deeply

text: unpopular

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: soon

text: abandoned

text: Retaliating

text: Gaddafi

text: sponsored

text: anti

text: government

text: militants

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: into

text: the

text: Turning

text: his

text: attention

text: to

text: Algeria

text: in

text: Libya

text: signed

text: the

text: Hassi

text: Messaoud

text: defence

text: agreement

text: allegedly

text: to

text: counter

text: Moroccan

text: expansionism

text: also

text: funding

text: the

text: Polisario

text: Front

text: of

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: in

text: their

text: independence

text: struggle

text: against

text: Morocco

text: Seeking

text: to

text: diversify

text: Libya

text: 's

text: economy

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: government

text: began

text: purchasing

text: shares

text: in

text: major

text: European

text: corporations

text: like

text: Fiat

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: buying

text: real

text: estate

text: in

text: Malta

text: and

text: Italy

text: which

text: would

text: become

text: a

text: valuable

text: source

text: of

text: income

text: during

text: the

text: oil

text: slump

question: What country formed a political union with Libya in 1974?

answer: Tunisia

text: Tunisia

question: What was the name of the abortive political union between Tunisia and Libya in 1974?

answer: Arab Islamic Republic

text: Arab Islamic Republic

question: Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974?

answer: Habib Bourguiba

text: Habib Bourguiba

question: With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement?

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

question: Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against?

answer: Moroccan

text: Moroccan


text: The nervous system is large relative to the bird's size. The most developed part of the brain is the one that controls the flight-related functions, while the cerebellum coordinates movement and the cerebrum controls behaviour patterns, navigation, mating and nest building. Most birds have a poor sense of smell with notable exceptions including kiwis, New World vultures and tubenoses. The avian visual system is usually highly developed. Water birds have special flexible lenses, allowing accommodation for vision in air and water. Some species also have dual fovea. Birds are tetrachromatic, possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones. This allows them to perceive ultraviolet light, which is involved in courtship. Birds have specialized light-sensing cells deep in their brains that respond to light without input from eyes or other sensory neurons. These photo-receptive cells in the hypothalamus are involved in detecting the longer days of spring, and thus regulate breeding activities.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: nervous

text: system

text: is

text: large

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: bird

text: 's

text: size

text: The

text: most

text: developed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: is

text: the

text: one

text: that

text: controls

text: the

text: flight

text: related

text: functions

text: while

text: the

text: cerebellum

text: coordinates

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: cerebrum

text: controls

text: behaviour

text: patterns

text: navigation

text: mating

text: and

text: nest

text: building

text: Most

text: birds

text: have

text: a

text: poor

text: sense

text: of

text: smell

text: with

text: notable

text: exceptions

text: including

text: kiwis

text: New

text: World

text: vultures

text: and

text: tubenoses

text: The

text: avian

text: visual

text: system

text: is

text: usually

text: highly

text: developed

text: Water

text: birds

text: have

text: special

text: flexible

text: lenses

text: allowing

text: accommodation

text: for

text: vision

text: in

text: air

text: and

text: water

text: Some

text: species

text: also

text: have

text: dual

text: fovea

text: Birds

text: are

text: tetrachromatic

text: possessing

text: ultraviolet

text: UV

text: sensitive

text: cone

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: eye

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: green

text: red

text: and

text: blue

text: ones

text: This

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: perceive

text: ultraviolet

text: light

text: which

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: courtship

text: Birds

text: have

text: specialized

text: light

text: sensing

text: cells

text: deep

text: in

text: their

text: brains

text: that

text: respond

text: to

text: light

text: without

text: input

text: from

text: eyes

text: or

text: other

text: sensory

text: neurons

text: These

text: photo

text: receptive

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: detecting

text: the

text: longer

text: days

text: of

text: spring

text: and

text: thus

text: regulate

text: breeding

text: activities

question: Which bird system is large relative to a bird's size?

answer: nervous system

text: nervous system

question: What is tetrachromatic?

answer: possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones

text: possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones

question: Why do birds need to perceive ultraviolet light?

answer: courtship

text: courtship

question: What regulates breeding activities?

answer: photo-receptive cells in

text: photo-receptive cells in


text: When the Central Junta fell to the French, numerous new Juntas appeared all across the Americas, eventually resulting in a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina and Chile in the south, to Mexico in the north. After the death of the king Ferdinand VII, in 1833, only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule, until the Spanish–American War in 1898. Unlike the Spanish, the Portuguese did not divide their colonial territory in America. The captaincies they created were subdued to a centralized administration in Salvador (later relocated to Rio de Janeiro) which reported directly to the Portuguese Crown until its independence in 1822, becoming the Empire of Brazil.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: When

text: the

text: Central

text: Junta

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: numerous

text: new

text: Juntas

text: appeared

text: all

text: across

text: the

text: Americas

text: eventually

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: chain

text: of

text: newly

text: independent

text: countries

text: stretching

text: from

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Mexico

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: Ferdinand

text: VII

text: in

text: only

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: remained

text: under

text: Spanish

text: rule

text: until

text: the

text: Spanish

text: American

text: War

text: in

text: Unlike

text: the

text: Spanish

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: did

text: not

text: divide

text: their

text: colonial

text: territory

text: in

text: America

text: The

text: captaincies

text: they

text: created

text: were

text: subdued

text: to

text: a

text: centralized

text: administration

text: in

text: Salvador

text: later

text: relocated

text: to

text: Rio

text: de

text: Janeiro

text: which

text: reported

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Crown

text: until

text: its

text: independence

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Brazil

question: Who did the central Junta fall to?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: What king died in 1833?

answer: king Ferdinand VII

text: king Ferdinand VII

question: After King Ferdinand died, who remained under Spanish rule?

answer: Cuba and Puerto Rico

text: Cuba and Puerto Rico

question: When did the Spanish-American war occur?

answer: in 1898

text: in 1898

question: Where were the Portuguese capacities centralized?

answer: Salvador

text: Salvador


text: Charles Darwin's book The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881) presented the first scientific analysis of earthworms' contributions to soil fertility. Some burrow while others live entirely on the surface, generally in moist leaf litter. The burrowers loosen the soil so that oxygen and water can penetrate it, and both surface and burrowing worms help to produce soil by mixing organic and mineral matter, by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and thus making it more quickly available to other organisms, and by concentrating minerals and converting them to forms that plants can use more easily. Earthworms are also important prey for birds ranging in size from robins to storks, and for mammals ranging from shrews to badgers, and in some cases conserving earthworms may be essential for conserving endangered birds.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Formation

text: of

text: Vegetable

text: Mould

text: through

text: the

text: Action

text: of

text: Worms

text: presented

text: the

text: first

text: scientific

text: analysis

text: of

text: earthworms

text: contributions

text: to

text: soil

text: fertility

text: Some

text: burrow

text: while

text: others

text: live

text: entirely

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: generally

text: in

text: moist

text: leaf

text: litter

text: The

text: burrowers

text: loosen

text: the

text: soil

text: so

text: that

text: oxygen

text: and

text: water

text: can

text: penetrate

text: it

text: and

text: both

text: surface

text: and

text: burrowing

text: worms

text: help

text: to

text: produce

text: soil

text: by

text: mixing

text: organic

text: and

text: mineral

text: matter

text: by

text: accelerating

text: the

text: decomposition

text: of

text: organic

text: matter

text: and

text: thus

text: making

text: it

text: more

text: quickly

text: available

text: to

text: other

text: organisms

text: and

text: by

text: concentrating

text: minerals

text: and

text: converting

text: them

text: to

text: forms

text: that

text: plants

text: can

text: use

text: more

text: easily

text: Earthworms

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: prey

text: for

text: birds

text: ranging

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: robins

text: to

text: storks

text: and

text: for

text: mammals

text: ranging

text: from

text: shrews

text: to

text: badgers

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: conserving

text: earthworms

text: may

text: be

text: essential

text: for

text: conserving

text: endangered

text: birds

question: Who published a book about worms in 1881?

answer: Charles Darwin

text: Charles Darwin

question: What was the first scientific study of how earthworms help soil?

answer: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms

text: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms

question: Where do earthworms prefer to live on the surface?

answer: generally in moist leaf litter

text: generally in moist leaf litter

question: How does burrowers' loosening help the soil?

answer: oxygen and water can penetrate it

text: oxygen and water can penetrate it

question: What is the largest bird that eats earthworms?

answer: storks

text: storks


text: Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $5,766 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but more than 200 children escaped harm due to efforts of the New York City Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as well as New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: candidates

text: were

text: consistently

text: elected

text: to

text: local

text: office

text: increasing

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: and

text: its

text: dominant

text: party

text: In

text: Mayor

text: Fernando

text: Wood

text: called

text: on

text: the

text: aldermen

text: to

text: declare

text: independence

text: from

text: Albany

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: South

text: seceded

text: but

text: his

text: proposal

text: was

text: not

text: acted

text: on

text: Anger

text: at

text: new

text: military

text: conscription

text: laws

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: which

text: spared

text: wealthier

text: men

text: who

text: could

text: afford

text: to

text: pay

text: a

text: equivalent

text: to

text: in

text: commutation

text: fee

text: to

text: hire

text: a

text: substitute

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Draft

text: Riots

text: of

text: whose

text: most

text: visible

text: participants

text: were

text: ethnic

text: Irish

text: working

text: class

text: The

text: situation

text: deteriorated

text: into

text: attacks

text: on

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: elite

text: followed

text: by

text: attacks

text: on

text: black

text: New

text: Yorkers

text: and

text: their

text: property

text: after

text: fierce

text: competition

text: for

text: a

text: decade

text: between

text: Irish

text: immigrants

text: and

text: blacks

text: for

text: work

text: Rioters

text: burned

text: the

text: Colored

text: Orphan

text: Asylum

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: but

text: more

text: than

text: children

text: escaped

text: harm

text: due

text: to

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Police

text: Department

text: which

text: was

text: mainly

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Irish

text: immigrants

text: According

text: to

text: historian

text: James

text: M.

text: McPherson

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: In

text: all

text: eleven

text: black

text: men

text: were

text: lynched

text: over

text: five

text: days

text: and

text: the

text: riots

text: forced

text: hundreds

text: of

text: blacks

text: to

text: flee

text: the

text: city

text: for

text: Williamsburg

text: Brooklyn

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: New

text: Jersey

text: the

text: black

text: population

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: fell

text: below

text: by

text: which

text: it

text: had

text: last

text: been

text: in

text: The

text: white

text: working

text: class

text: had

text: established

text: dominance

text: Violence

text: by

text: longshoremen

text: against

text: black

text: men

text: was

text: especially

text: fierce

text: in

text: the

text: docks

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: incidents

text: of

text: civil

text: unrest

text: in

text: American

text: history

question: Who was the mayor of New York City in 1861?

answer: Fernando Wood

text: Fernando Wood

question: What was the commutation fee to avoid being conscripted during the American Civil War?

answer: $300

question: People of what ethnicity most visibly participated in the Draft Riots of 1863?

answer: Irish

text: Irish

question: About how many people died during the Draft Riots of 1863?

answer: 120

question: What was the approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865?

answer: 10,000

question: The Draft Riots caused which building to burn down in 1863?

answer: Colored Orphan Asylum

text: Colored Orphan Asylum


text: The Oeselians or Osilians (Estonian saarlased; singular: saarlane) were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa (Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel), an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea. They were first mentioned as early as the second century BC in Ptolemy's Geography III. The Oeselians were known in the Old Norse Icelandic Sagas and in Heimskringla as Víkingr frá Esthland (Estonian Vikings). Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: Oeselians

text: or

text: Osilians

text: Estonian

text: saarlased

text: singular

text: saarlane

text: were

text: a

text: historical

text: subdivision

text: of

text: Estonians

text: inhabiting

text: Saaremaa

text: Danish

text: Øsel

text: German

text: Ösel

text: Swedish

text: Ösel

text: an

text: Estonian

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: They

text: were

text: first

text: mentioned

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: century

text: BC

text: in

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: Geography

text: III

text: The

text: Oeselians

text: were

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Icelandic

text: Sagas

text: and

text: in

text: Heimskringla

text: as

text: Víkingr

text: frá

text: Esthland

text: Estonian

text: Vikings

text: Their

text: sailing

text: vessels

text: were

text: called

text: pirate

text: ships

text: by

text: Henry

text: of

text: Latvia

text: in

text: his

text: Latin

text: chronicles

text: written

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: Which subdivision of Estonians lived in Saaremaa?

answer: The Oeselians

text: The Oeselians

question: Where is Saaremaa located?

answer: the Baltic Sea

text: the Baltic Sea

question: Where was the initial mention of the Oeselians?

answer: Ptolemy's Geography III

text: Ptolemy's Geography III

question: Who described the sailboats of the Estonians as pirate ships?

answer: Henry of Latvia

text: Henry of Latvia


text: Switzerland has an overwhelmingly private sector economy and low tax rates by Western World standards; overall taxation is one of the smallest of developed countries. Switzerland is a relatively easy place to do business, currently ranking 20th of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index. The slow growth Switzerland experienced in the 1990s and the early 2000s has brought greater support for economic reforms and harmonization with the European Union. According to Credit Suisse, only about 37% of residents own their own homes, one of the lowest rates of home ownership in Europe. Housing and food price levels were 171% and 145% of the EU-25 index in 2007, compared to 113% and 104% in Germany.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: has

text: an

text: overwhelmingly

text: private

text: sector

text: economy

text: and

text: low

text: tax

text: rates

text: by

text: Western

text: World

text: standards

text: overall

text: taxation

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: smallest

text: of

text: developed

text: countries

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: a

text: relatively

text: easy

text: place

text: to

text: do

text: business

text: currently

text: ranking

text: of

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: Ease

text: of

text: Doing

text: Business

text: Index

text: The

text: slow

text: growth

text: Switzerland

text: experienced

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: has

text: brought

text: greater

text: support

text: for

text: economic

text: reforms

text: and

text: harmonization

text: with

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: According

text: to

text: Credit

text: Suisse

text: only

text: about

text: of

text: residents

text: own

text: their

text: own

text: homes

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: rates

text: of

text: home

text: ownership

text: in

text: Europe

text: Housing

text: and

text: food

text: price

text: levels

text: were

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: index

text: in

text: compared

text: to

text: and

text: in

text: Germany

question: How is Switzerland ranked of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index?

answer: 20th

question: According to Credit Suisse, what percentage of residents own their homes?

answer: about 37%

text: about 37%

question: How do Switzerland's tax rates compare by Western World standards?

answer: low

text: low


text: Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also criticising the "cheap" design and disc-loader, stating: "Sometimes [the cover] doesn't catch and you feel like you're using one of those old credit card imprinter machines. In short, it feels cheap. You don't realize how convenient autoloading disc trays are until they're gone. Whether it was to cut costs or save space, this move is ultimately a step back." The criticism also was due to price, stating the cheapest Super Slim model was still more expensive than the cheapest Slim model, and that the smaller size and bigger hard drive shouldn't be considered an upgrade when the hard drive on a Slim model is easily removed and replaced. They did praise that the hard drive of the Super Slim model is "the easiest yet. Simply sliding off the side panel reveals the drive bay, which can quickly be unscrewed." They also stated that whilst the Super Slim model is not in any way an upgrade, it could be an indicator as to what's to come. "It may not be revolutionary, but the Super Slim PS3 is the same impressive machine in a much smaller package. There doesn't seem to be any reason for existing PS3 owners to upgrade, but for the prospective PS3 buyer, the Super Slim is probably the way to go if you can deal with not having a slot-loading disc drive."

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Tech

text: media

text: website

text: CNET

text: gave

text: new

text: Super

text: Slim

text: out

text: of

text: stars

text: Excellent

text: saying

text: The

text: Super

text: Slim

text: PlayStation

text: shrinks

text: a

text: powerful

text: gaming

text: machine

text: into

text: an

text: even

text: tinier

text: package

text: while

text: maintaining

text: the

text: same

text: features

text: as

text: its

text: predecessors

text: a

text: great

text: gaming

text: library

text: and

text: a

text: strong

text: array

text: of

text: streaming

text: services

text: whilst

text: also

text: criticising

text: the

text: cheap

text: design

text: and

text: disc

text: loader

text: stating

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: cover

text: does

text: n't

text: catch

text: and

text: you

text: feel

text: like

text: you

text: 're

text: using

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: old

text: credit

text: card

text: imprinter

text: machines

text: In

text: short

text: it

text: feels

text: cheap

text: You

text: do

text: n't

text: realize

text: how

text: convenient

text: autoloading

text: disc

text: trays

text: are

text: until

text: they

text: 're

text: gone

text: Whether

text: it

text: was

text: to

text: cut

text: costs

text: or

text: save

text: space

text: this

text: move

text: is

text: ultimately

text: a

text: step

text: back

text: The

text: criticism

text: also

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: price

text: stating

text: the

text: cheapest

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: was

text: still

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: the

text: cheapest

text: Slim

text: model

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: smaller

text: size

text: and

text: bigger

text: hard

text: drive

text: should

text: n't

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: upgrade

text: when

text: the

text: hard

text: drive

text: on

text: a

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: easily

text: removed

text: and

text: replaced

text: They

text: did

text: praise

text: that

text: the

text: hard

text: drive

text: of

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: the

text: easiest

text: yet

text: Simply

text: sliding

text: off

text: the

text: side

text: panel

text: reveals

text: the

text: drive

text: bay

text: which

text: can

text: quickly

text: be

text: unscrewed

text: They

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: whilst

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: any

text: way

text: an

text: upgrade

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: an

text: indicator

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: 's

text: to

text: come

text: It

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: revolutionary

text: but

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: impressive

text: machine

text: in

text: a

text: much

text: smaller

text: package

text: There

text: does

text: n't

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: any

text: reason

text: for

text: existing

text: owners

text: to

text: upgrade

text: but

text: for

text: the

text: prospective

text: buyer

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: is

text: probably

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: go

text: if

text: you

text: can

text: deal

text: with

text: not

text: having

text: a

text: slot

text: loading

text: disc

text: drive

question: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars?

answer: CNET

text: CNET

question: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS3 Super Slim's design?

answer: "cheap"

text: "cheap"

question: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the easiest yet"?

answer: hard drive

text: hard drive

question: What hardware component did CNET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader?

answer: disc-loader

text: disc-loader

question: Was the lowest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models?

answer: more expensive

text: more expensive


text: Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray dubbed Wickers "Leather Lungs" for his ability to shout for hours at a time. He is not employed by the team, although the club has on two separate occasions allowed him into the broadcast booth and allow him some degree of freedom once he purchases or is given a ticket by fans to get into the games. He is largely allowed to roam the park and interact with fans by Wrigley Field security.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Another

text: unofficial

text: but

text: much

text: more

text: well

text: known

text: mascot

text: is

text: Ronnie

text: Woo

text: Woo

text: Wickers

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: longtime

text: fan

text: and

text: local

text: celebrity

text: in

text: the

text: Chicago

text: area

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: visitors

text: for

text: his

text: idiosyncratic

text: cheers

text: at

text: baseball

text: games

text: generally

text: punctuated

text: with

text: an

text: exclamatory

text: Woo

text: e.g.

text: Cubs

text: woo

text: Cubs

text: woo

text: Big

text: Z

text: woo

text: Zambrano

text: woo

text: Cubs

text: woo

text: Longtime

text: Cubs

text: announcer

text: Harry

text: Caray

text: dubbed

text: Wickers

text: Leather

text: Lungs

text: for

text: his

text: ability

text: to

text: shout

text: for

text: hours

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: He

text: is

text: not

text: employed

text: by

text: the

text: team

text: although

text: the

text: club

text: has

text: on

text: two

text: separate

text: occasions

text: allowed

text: him

text: into

text: the

text: broadcast

text: booth

text: and

text: allow

text: him

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: freedom

text: once

text: he

text: purchases

text: or

text: is

text: given

text: a

text: ticket

text: by

text: fans

text: to

text: get

text: into

text: the

text: games

text: He

text: is

text: largely

text: allowed

text: to

text: roam

text: the

text: park

text: and

text: interact

text: with

text: fans

text: by

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: security

question: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?

answer: Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers

text: Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers

question: What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?

answer: idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games

text: idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games

question: What did Harry Caray dub Wickers?

answer: "Leather Lungs

text: "Leather Lungs


text: Near the end of the first decade of the double-Bills' guidance, the Cubs won the NL pennant in 1929 and then achieved the unusual feat of winning a pennant every three years, following up the 1929 flag with league titles in 1932, 1935, and 1938. Unfortunately, their success did not extend to the Fall Classic, as they fell to their AL rivals each time. The '32 series against the Yankees featured Babe Ruth's "called shot" at Wrigley Field in Game 3. There were some historic moments for the Cubs as well; In 1930, Hack Wilson, one of the top home run hitters in the game, had one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history, hitting 56 home runs and establishing the current runs-batted-in record of 191. That 1930 club, which boasted six eventual Hall of Famers (Wilson, Gabby Hartnett, Rogers Hornsby, George "High Pockets" Kelly, Kiki Cuyler and manager Joe McCarthy) established the current team batting average record of .309. In 1935 the Cubs claimed the pennant in thrilling fashion, winning a record 21 games in a row in September. The '38 club saw Dizzy Dean lead the team's pitching staff and provided a historic moment when they won a crucial late-season game at Wrigley Field over the Pittsburgh Pirates with a walk-off home run by Gabby Hartnett, which became known in baseball lore as "The Homer in the Gloamin'".

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: Bills

text: guidance

text: the

text: Cubs

text: won

text: the

text: NL

text: pennant

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: achieved

text: the

text: unusual

text: feat

text: of

text: winning

text: a

text: pennant

text: every

text: three

text: years

text: following

text: up

text: the

text: flag

text: with

text: league

text: titles

text: in

text: and

text: Unfortunately

text: their

text: success

text: did

text: not

text: extend

text: to

text: the

text: Fall

text: Classic

text: as

text: they

text: fell

text: to

text: their

text: AL

text: rivals

text: each

text: time

text: The

text: series

text: against

text: the

text: Yankees

text: featured

text: Babe

text: Ruth

text: 's

text: called

text: shot

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: in

text: Game

text: There

text: were

text: some

text: historic

text: moments

text: for

text: the

text: Cubs

text: as

text: well

text: In

text: Hack

text: Wilson

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: home

text: run

text: hitters

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: had

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: impressive

text: seasons

text: in

text: MLB

text: history

text: hitting

text: home

text: runs

text: and

text: establishing

text: the

text: current

text: runs

text: batted

text: in

text: record

text: of

text: That

text: club

text: which

text: boasted

text: six

text: eventual

text: Hall

text: of

text: Famers

text: Wilson

text: Gabby

text: Hartnett

text: Rogers

text: Hornsby

text: George

text: High

text: Pockets

text: Kelly

text: Kiki

text: Cuyler

text: and

text: manager

text: Joe

text: McCarthy

text: established

text: the

text: current

text: team

text: batting

text: average

text: record

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: Cubs

text: claimed

text: the

text: pennant

text: in

text: thrilling

text: fashion

text: winning

text: a

text: record

text: games

text: in

text: a

text: row

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: club

text: saw

text: Dizzy

text: Dean

text: lead

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: pitching

text: staff

text: and

text: provided

text: a

text: historic

text: moment

text: when

text: they

text: won

text: a

text: crucial

text: late

text: season

text: game

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: over

text: the

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pirates

text: with

text: a

text: walk

text: off

text: home

text: run

text: by

text: Gabby

text: Hartnett

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: in

text: baseball

text: lore

text: as

text: The

text: Homer

text: in

text: the

text: Gloamin

question: What year did Hack Wilson have one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history?

answer: 1930

question: How many games in a row did the Cubs win in a row during 1935?

answer: 21

question: What year did the Cubs win the NL pennant?

answer: 1929


text: Tennessee politics, like that of most U.S. states, are dominated by the Republican and the Democratic parties. Historian Dewey W. Grantham traces divisions in the state to the period of the American Civil War: for decades afterward, the eastern third of the state was Republican and the western two thirds voted Democrat. This division was related to the state's pattern of farming, plantations and slaveholding. The eastern section was made up of yeoman farmers, but Middle and West Tennessee cultivated crops, such as tobacco and cotton, that were dependent on the use of slave labor. These areas became defined as Democratic after the war.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Tennessee

text: politics

text: like

text: that

text: of

text: most

text: U.S.

text: states

text: are

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Republican

text: and

text: the

text: Democratic

text: parties

text: Historian

text: Dewey

text: W.

text: Grantham

text: traces

text: divisions

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: for

text: decades

text: afterward

text: the

text: eastern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: Republican

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: two

text: thirds

text: voted

text: Democrat

text: This

text: division

text: was

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: pattern

text: of

text: farming

text: plantations

text: and

text: slaveholding

text: The

text: eastern

text: section

text: was

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: yeoman

text: farmers

text: but

text: Middle

text: and

text: West

text: Tennessee

text: cultivated

text: crops

text: such

text: as

text: tobacco

text: and

text: cotton

text: that

text: were

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: slave

text: labor

text: These

text: areas

text: became

text: defined

text: as

text: Democratic

text: after

text: the

text: war

question: Which are the two main parties in Tennessee politics?

answer: Republican and the Democratic

text: Republican and the Democratic

question: Which part of Tennessee voted more Republican in the years following the Civil War?

answer: eastern

text: eastern

question: What type of farmers inhabited eastern Tennessee in the late 19th century?

answer: yeoman

text: yeoman

question: Which crops grown in West Tennessee had required a great deal of slave labor?

answer: tobacco and cotton

text: tobacco and cotton


text: The Odrysian Kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes under the kings of the powerful Odrysian tribe centered around the region of Thrace. Various parts of Thrace were under Macedonian rule under Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Lysimachus, Ptolemy II, and Philip V but were also often ruled by their own kings. The Thracians and Agrianes were widely used by Alexander as peltasts and light cavalry, forming about one fifth of his army. The Diadochi also used Thracian mercenaries in their armies and they were also used as colonists. The Odrysians used Greek as the language of administration and of the nobility. The nobility also adopted Greek fashions in dress, ornament and military equipment, spreading it to the other tribes. Thracian kings were among the first to be Hellenized.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: Odrysian

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: a

text: union

text: of

text: Thracian

text: tribes

text: under

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: the

text: powerful

text: Odrysian

text: tribe

text: centered

text: around

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Thrace

text: Various

text: parts

text: of

text: Thrace

text: were

text: under

text: Macedonian

text: rule

text: under

text: Philip

text: II

text: of

text: Macedon

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: Lysimachus

text: Ptolemy

text: II

text: and

text: Philip

text: V

text: but

text: were

text: also

text: often

text: ruled

text: by

text: their

text: own

text: kings

text: The

text: Thracians

text: and

text: Agrianes

text: were

text: widely

text: used

text: by

text: Alexander

text: as

text: peltasts

text: and

text: light

text: cavalry

text: forming

text: about

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: his

text: army

text: The

text: Diadochi

text: also

text: used

text: Thracian

text: mercenaries

text: in

text: their

text: armies

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: colonists

text: The

text: Odrysians

text: used

text: Greek

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: administration

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: The

text: nobility

text: also

text: adopted

text: Greek

text: fashions

text: in

text: dress

text: ornament

text: and

text: military

text: equipment

text: spreading

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: tribes

text: Thracian

text: kings

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: be

text: Hellenized

question: What region was the center of the Odrysian Kingdom?

answer: Thrace

text: Thrace

question: Who used Thracians and Agrianes as light cavalry?

answer: Alexander

text: Alexander

question: What fraction of Alexander's army was made up of Thracians and Agrianes?

answer: one fifth

text: one fifth

question: What language was spoken by the Odrysians?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: Which kings wre among the first to be Hellenized?

answer: Thracian

text: Thracian


text: Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within the top 12, slipping from the 4th-most affluent such county in the U.S. in 2004 to 11th-most affluent in 2009. Detroit dominates Wayne County, which has an average household income of about $38,000, compared to Oakland County's $62,000.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Oakland

text: County

text: in

text: Metro

text: Detroit

text: once

text: rated

text: amongst

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: US

text: counties

text: per

text: household

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: shown

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: listing

text: of

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: But

text: internal

text: county

text: statistical

text: methods

text: based

text: on

text: measuring

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: for

text: counties

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: million

text: residents

text: show

text: that

text: Oakland

text: is

text: still

text: within

text: the

text: top

text: slipping

text: from

text: the

text: most

text: affluent

text: such

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: in

text: to

text: most

text: affluent

text: in

text: Detroit

text: dominates

text: Wayne

text: County

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: average

text: household

text: income

text: of

text: about

text: compared

text: to

text: Oakland

text: County

text: 's

question: What is Oakland Counties rank in affluence in 2009?

answer: 11th

question: What city dominates Wayne County?

answer: Detroit

text: Detroit

question: What is Oakland Counties average income?

answer: $62,000

question: What is Wayne Counties average income?

answer: $38,000


text: The securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system started to close down in the spring of 2007 and nearly shut-down in the fall of 2008. More than a third of the private credit markets thus became unavailable as a source of funds. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume." The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions."

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: The

text: securitization

text: markets

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: shadow

text: banking

text: system

text: started

text: to

text: close

text: down

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: and

text: nearly

text: shut

text: down

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: private

text: credit

text: markets

text: thus

text: became

text: unavailable

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: funds

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Brookings

text: Institution

text: the

text: traditional

text: banking

text: system

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: the

text: capital

text: to

text: close

text: this

text: gap

text: as

text: of

text: June

text: It

text: would

text: take

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: years

text: of

text: strong

text: profits

text: to

text: generate

text: sufficient

text: capital

text: to

text: support

text: that

text: additional

text: lending

text: volume

text: The

text: authors

text: also

text: indicate

text: that

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: securitization

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: vanish

text: forever

text: having

text: been

text: an

text: artifact

text: of

text: excessively

text: loose

text: credit

text: conditions

question: When did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking systems start to close down?

answer: spring of 2007

text: spring of 2007

question: When did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system nearly shut-down completely?

answer: fall of 2008

text: fall of 2008

question: How much of the private credit markets become unavailable as a source of funds?

answer: More than a third

text: More than a third

question: What is the firm who reported that the traditional banking system does not have capital to close the gap as of June 2009?

answer: Brookings Institution

text: Brookings Institution

question: How many years would of strong profit would it take to generate enough capital to support additional lending?

answer: a number of years

text: a number of years


text: Namibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German:  Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Namibia

text: i

text: nəˈmɪbiə/

text: /næˈ-/

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Namibia

text: German

text: Republik

text: Namibia

text: help·info

text: Afrikaans

text: Republiek

text: van

text: Namibië

text: is

text: a

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: whose

text: western

text: border

text: is

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Zimbabwe

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: essentially

text: a

text: small

text: bulge

text: in

text: Botswana

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: Botswana

text: Zambia

text: micro

text: border

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: that

text: country

text: Namibia

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: on

text: March

text: following

text: the

text: Namibian

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Windhoek

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: SADC

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: AU

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

question: What is the Afrikaans name for Namibia?

answer: Namibië

text: Namibië

question: Where in Africa is Namibia?

answer: southern

text: southern

question: When did Namibia gain independence from South Africa?

answer: 21 March 1990

text: 21 March 1990

question: What ocean borders Namibia?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: How far away is Namibia to the Zambezi River?

answer: 200 metres

text: 200 metres


text: Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from 1943 to 1991–92. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program. Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism"). In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries. A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s. His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade, and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics. He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Tito

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: architect

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: Yugoslavia

text: a

text: socialist

text: federation

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: Despite

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: Cominform

text: soon

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Cominform

text: member

text: to

text: defy

text: Soviet

text: hegemony

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: to

text: manage

text: to

text: leave

text: Cominform

text: and

text: begin

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: socialist

text: program

text: Tito

text: was

text: a

text: backer

text: of

text: independent

text: roads

text: to

text: socialism

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: national

text: communism

text: In

text: he

text: implemented

text: a

text: self

text: management

text: system

text: that

text: differentiated

text: Yugoslavia

text: from

text: other

text: socialist

text: countries

text: A

text: turn

text: towards

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: market

text: socialism

text: brought

text: economic

text: expansion

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: and

text: a

text: decline

text: during

text: the

text: His

text: internal

text: policies

text: included

text: the

text: suppression

text: of

text: nationalist

text: sentiment

text: and

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: the

text: brotherhood

text: and

text: unity

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: Yugoslav

text: nations

text: After

text: Tito

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: tensions

text: between

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: republics

text: emerged

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: disintegrated

text: and

text: went

text: into

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: wars

text: and

text: unrest

text: that

text: lasted

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: and

text: which

text: continue

text: to

text: impact

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslav

text: republics

text: He

text: remains

text: a

text: very

text: controversial

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

question: When did the second Yugoslavia start?

answer: 1943

question: What group did Tito found?

answer: Cominform

text: Cominform

question: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?

answer: 1951

question: When did Tito die?

answer: 1980

question: When did Yugoslavia disintegrate?

answer: 1991


text: In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: In

text: China

text: a

text: call

text: to

text: boycott

text: French

text: hypermart

text: Carrefour

text: from

text: May

text: began

text: spreading

text: through

text: mobile

text: text

text: messaging

text: and

text: online

text: chat

text: rooms

text: amongst

text: the

text: Chinese

text: over

text: the

text: weekend

text: from

text: April

text: accusing

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: major

text: shareholder

text: the

text: LVMH

text: Group

text: of

text: donating

text: funds

text: to

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: calls

text: to

text: extend

text: the

text: boycott

text: to

text: include

text: French

text: luxury

text: goods

text: and

text: cosmetic

text: products

text: Chinese

text: protesters

text: organized

text: boycotts

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: owned

text: retail

text: chain

text: Carrefour

text: in

text: major

text: Chinese

text: cities

text: including

text: Kunming

text: Hefei

text: and

text: Wuhan

text: accusing

text: the

text: French

text: nation

text: of

text: pro

text: secessionist

text: conspiracy

text: and

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: racism

text: Some

text: burned

text: French

text: flags

text: some

text: added

text: Swastika

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: conotaions

text: with

text: Nazism

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: flag

text: and

text: spread

text: short

text: online

text: messages

text: calling

text: for

text: large

text: protests

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: French

text: consulates

text: and

text: embassy

text: Some

text: shoppers

text: who

text: insisted

text: on

text: entering

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Carrefour

text: stores

text: in

text: Kunming

text: were

text: blocked

text: by

text: boycotters

text: wielding

text: large

text: Chinese

text: flags

text: and

text: hit

text: by

text: water

text: bottles

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: people

text: joined

text: Anti

text: French

text: rallies

text: in

text: Beijing

text: Wuhan

text: Hefei

text: Kunming

text: and

text: Qingdao

text: which

text: quickly

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: cities

text: like

text: Xi'an

text: Harbin

text: and

text: Jinan

text: Carrefour

text: denied

text: any

text: support

text: or

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: issue

text: and

text: had

text: its

text: staff

text: in

text: its

text: Chinese

text: stores

text: wear

text: uniforms

text: emblazoned

text: with

text: the

text: Chinese

text: national

text: flag

text: and

text: caps

text: with

text: Olympic

text: insignia

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: words

text: Beijing

text: to

text: show

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: games

text: The

text: effort

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: ceased

text: when

text: the

text: BOCOG

text: deemed

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: official

text: Olympic

text: insignia

text: as

text: illegal

text: and

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: copyright

question: Which French company was boycotted?

answer: Carrefour

text: Carrefour

question: Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?

answer: LVMH Group

text: LVMH Group

question: Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?

answer: the Dalai Lama

text: the Dalai Lama

question: What was burned during these boycotts?

answer: the French flag

text: the French flag

question: Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?

answer: LVMH Group

text: LVMH Group

question: Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?

answer: anti-Chinese racism.

text: anti-Chinese racism.


text: The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, but can resume after a four-year break. The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: Mayor

text: and

text: council

text: members

text: are

text: elected

text: to

text: four

text: year

text: terms

text: The

text: City

text: Council

text: is

text: a

text: unicameral

text: body

text: consisting

text: of

text: council

text: members

text: whose

text: districts

text: are

text: defined

text: by

text: geographic

text: population

text: boundaries

text: Each

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: mayor

text: and

text: council

text: members

text: lasts

text: four

text: years

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: three

text: consecutive

text: term

text: limit

text: but

text: can

text: resume

text: after

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: break

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Administrative

text: Code

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Rules

text: and

text: the

text: City

text: Record

text: are

text: the

text: code

text: of

text: local

text: laws

text: compilation

text: of

text: regulations

text: and

text: official

text: journal

text: respectively

question: How many members are on the NYC city council?

answer: 51

question: How many terms can the mayjor of NYC serve in total?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the duration of a New York City councilperson's term?

answer: four-year

text: four-year

question: How many councilors sit on the City Council?

answer: 51

question: How many terms in a row can a person serve as mayor?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the official journal of New York City?

answer: the City Record

text: the City Record

question: If someone serves three consecutive terms as mayor and wants to run again, how many years must they wait?

answer: four

text: four


text: France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary. After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: united

text: by

text: mutual

text: opposition

text: to

text: Habsburg

text: rule

text: became

text: strong

text: allies

text: The

text: French

text: conquests

text: of

text: Nice

text: and

text: Corsica

text: occurred

text: as

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: between

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: king

text: Francis

text: I

text: and

text: Suleiman

text: and

text: were

text: commanded

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: admirals

text: Barbarossa

text: Hayreddin

text: Pasha

text: and

text: Turgut

text: Reis

text: A

text: month

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Nice

text: France

text: supported

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: with

text: an

text: artillery

text: unit

text: during

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: conquest

text: of

text: Esztergom

text: in

text: northern

text: Hungary

text: After

text: further

text: advances

text: by

text: the

text: Turks

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: ruler

text: Ferdinand

text: officially

text: recognized

text: Ottoman

text: ascendancy

text: in

text: Hungary

text: in

question: France and the Ottoman Empire united against what?

answer: Habsburg rule

text: Habsburg rule

question: Where did the French lay conquest in 1553?

answer: Corsica

text: Corsica

question: The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king?

answer: Francis I

text: Francis I

question: What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice?

answer: Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis

text: Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis

question: What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547?

answer: Ferdinand

text: Ferdinand