text: Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Similar

text: organizations

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: followed

text: The

text: American

text: Anthropological

text: Association

text: in

text: the

text: Anthropological

text: Society

text: of

text: Madrid

text: the

text: Anthropological

text: Society

text: of

text: Vienna

text: the

text: Italian

text: Society

text: of

text: Anthropology

text: and

text: Ethnology

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: subsequently

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: evolutionist

text: One

text: notable

text: exception

text: was

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Society

text: of

text: Anthropology

text: founded

text: by

text: Rudolph

text: Virchow

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: vituperative

text: attacks

text: on

text: the

text: evolutionists

text: Not

text: religious

text: himself

text: he

text: insisted

text: that

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: conclusions

text: lacked

text: empirical

text: foundation

question: Vienna created it's society in what year?

answer: 1870

question: When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?

answer: 1869

question: When was the American Anthropological Association founded?

answer: 1902

question: When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?

answer: 1865

question: What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked?

answer: empirical foundation

text: empirical foundation


text: Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Latin characters and the local script), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other).

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Unicode

text: has

text: the

text: explicit

text: aim

text: of

text: transcending

text: the

text: limitations

text: of

text: traditional

text: character

text: encodings

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: ISO

text: standard

text: which

text: find

text: wide

text: usage

text: in

text: various

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: but

text: remain

text: largely

text: incompatible

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: Many

text: traditional

text: character

text: encodings

text: share

text: a

text: common

text: problem

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: allow

text: bilingual

text: computer

text: processing

text: usually

text: using

text: Latin

text: characters

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: script

text: but

text: not

text: multilingual

text: computer

text: processing

text: computer

text: processing

text: of

text: arbitrary

text: scripts

text: mixed

text: with

text: each

text: other

question: What is the aim of Unicode?

answer: transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings

text: transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings

question: Traditional character encodings don't allow what type of computer processing?

answer: multilingual computer processing

text: multilingual computer processing

question: What is multilingual computer processing?

answer: (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other

text: (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other

question: Bilingual computer processing uses what characters?

answer: usually using Latin characters

text: usually using Latin characters

question: What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings?

answer: wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other

text: wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other


text: Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations). Other mutations can be neutral if they lead to amino acid sequence changes, but the protein still functions similarly with the new amino acid (e.g. conservative mutations). Many mutations, however, are deleterious or even lethal, and are removed from populations by natural selection. Genetic disorders are the result of deleterious mutations and can be due to spontaneous mutation in the affected individual, or can be inherited. Finally, a small fraction of mutations are beneficial, improving the organism's fitness and are extremely important for evolution, since their directional selection leads to adaptive evolution.:7.6

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Most

text: mutations

text: within

text: genes

text: are

text: neutral

text: having

text: no

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: organism

text: 's

text: phenotype

text: silent

text: mutations

text: Some

text: mutations

text: do

text: not

text: change

text: the

text: amino

text: acid

text: sequence

text: because

text: multiple

text: codons

text: encode

text: the

text: same

text: amino

text: acid

text: synonymous

text: mutations

text: Other

text: mutations

text: can

text: be

text: neutral

text: if

text: they

text: lead

text: to

text: amino

text: acid

text: sequence

text: changes

text: but

text: the

text: protein

text: still

text: functions

text: similarly

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: amino

text: acid

text: e.g.

text: conservative

text: mutations

text: Many

text: mutations

text: however

text: are

text: deleterious

text: or

text: even

text: lethal

text: and

text: are

text: removed

text: from

text: populations

text: by

text: natural

text: selection

text: Genetic

text: disorders

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: deleterious

text: mutations

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: spontaneous

text: mutation

text: in

text: the

text: affected

text: individual

text: or

text: can

text: be

text: inherited

text: Finally

text: a

text: small

text: fraction

text: of

text: mutations

text: are

text: beneficial

text: improving

text: the

text: organism

text: 's

text: fitness

text: and

text: are

text: extremely

text: important

text: for

text: evolution

text: since

text: their

text: directional

text: selection

text: leads

text: to

text: adaptive

question: What are mutations that have no effect on an organism's phenotype called?

answer: silent mutations

text: silent mutations

question: What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called?

answer: synonymous mutations

text: synonymous mutations

question: What are mutations that lead to amino acid sequence changes but leave the protein functioning similarly called?

answer: conservative mutations

text: conservative mutations

question: What is a result of deleterious mutations?

answer: Genetic disorders

text: Genetic disorders

question: What does the directional selection of beneficial mutations lead to?

answer: adaptive evolution

text: adaptive evolution


text: Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Bernanke

text: explained

text: that

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: current

text: account

text: deficit

text: increased

text: by

text: billion

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: Financing

text: these

text: deficits

text: required

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: borrow

text: large

text: sums

text: from

text: abroad

text: much

text: of

text: it

text: from

text: countries

text: running

text: trade

text: surpluses

text: These

text: were

text: mainly

text: the

text: emerging

text: economies

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: oil

text: exporting

text: nations

text: The

text: balance

text: of

text: payments

text: identity

text: requires

text: that

text: a

text: country

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: running

text: a

text: current

text: account

text: deficit

text: also

text: have

text: a

text: capital

text: account

text: investment

text: surplus

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: amount

text: Hence

text: large

text: and

text: growing

text: amounts

text: of

text: foreign

text: funds

text: capital

text: flowed

text: into

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: finance

text: its

text: imports

question: Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004?

answer: $650 billion

text: $650 billion

question: What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?

answer: 5.8%

question: What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports?

answer: Asia and oil-exporting nations

text: Asia and oil-exporting nations

question: What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit?

answer: capital account

text: capital account

question: Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports?

answer: foreign funds

text: foreign funds


text: Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Literary

text: Catalan

text: allows

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: words

text: from

text: different

text: dialects

text: except

text: those

text: of

text: very

text: restricted

text: use

text: However

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: tendency

text: of

text: favoring

text: words

text: of

text: Northern

text: dialects

text: in

text: detriment

text: of

text: others

text: even

text: though

text: nowadays

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: greater

text: freedom

text: of

text: choice

question: What can use words from different dialects?

answer: Literary Catalan

text: Literary Catalan

question: What kind of words are excepted from literary use?

answer: restricted use

text: restricted use

question: When did the preference of use of words from northern dialects begin?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: What affect did this favoring of northern dialects have on other dialects?

answer: detriment of others

text: detriment of others

question: What kind of choice is now available in word choice?

answer: greater freedom of choice

text: greater freedom of choice


text: Some devices, such as high-speed external disk drives, require more than 500 mA of current and therefore may have power issues if powered from just one USB 2.0 port: erratic function, failure to function, or overloading/damaging the port. Such devices may come with an external power source or a Y-shaped cable that has two USB connectors (one for power and data, the other for power only) to plug into a computer. With such a cable, a device can draw power from two USB ports simultaneously. However, USB compliance specification states that "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral", meaning that "if a USB peripheral requires more power than allowed by the USB specification to which it is designed, then it must be self-powered."

title: USB

title: USB

text: Some

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: high

text: speed

text: external

text: disk

text: drives

text: require

text: more

text: than

text: mA

text: of

text: current

text: and

text: therefore

text: may

text: have

text: power

text: issues

text: if

text: powered

text: from

text: just

text: one

text: USB

text: port

text: erratic

text: function

text: failure

text: to

text: function

text: or

text: overloading

text: damaging

text: the

text: port

text: Such

text: devices

text: may

text: come

text: with

text: an

text: external

text: power

text: source

text: or

text: a

text: Y

text: shaped

text: cable

text: that

text: has

text: two

text: USB

text: connectors

text: one

text: for

text: power

text: and

text: data

text: the

text: other

text: for

text: power

text: only

text: to

text: plug

text: into

text: a

text: computer

text: With

text: such

text: a

text: cable

text: a

text: device

text: can

text: draw

text: power

text: from

text: two

text: USB

text: ports

text: simultaneously

text: However

text: USB

text: compliance

text: specification

text: states

text: that

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: Y

text: cable

text: a

text: cable

text: with

text: two

text: A

text: plugs

text: is

text: prohibited

text: on

text: any

text: USB

text: peripheral

text: meaning

text: that

text: if

text: a

text: USB

text: peripheral

text: requires

text: more

text: power

text: than

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: designed

text: then

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: self

text: powered

question: What is an example of a device that requires more than 500 mA of current?

answer: high-speed external disk drives

text: high-speed external disk drives

question: What is an issue that may occur if a high-speed external disk drive is powered from just one USB 2.0 port.

answer: may have power issues

text: may have power issues

question: What does USB compliance specification prohibit?

answer: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)

text: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)


text: Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particularly the Black Death. Estimates of the death rate caused by this epidemic range from one third to as much as sixty percent. By around 1420, the accumulated effect of recurring plagues and famines had reduced the population of Europe to perhaps no more than a third of what it was a century earlier. The effects of natural disasters were exacerbated by armed conflicts; this was particularly the case in France during the Hundred Years' War.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Around

text: the

text: Medieval

text: Warm

text: Period

text: gave

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: Little

text: Ice

text: Age

text: The

text: colder

text: climate

text: resulted

text: in

text: agricultural

text: crises

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Famine

text: of

text: The

text: demographic

text: consequences

text: of

text: this

text: famine

text: however

text: were

text: not

text: as

text: severe

text: as

text: the

text: plagues

text: that

text: occurred

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: particularly

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: Estimates

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: rate

text: caused

text: by

text: this

text: epidemic

text: range

text: from

text: one

text: third

text: to

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: sixty

text: percent

text: By

text: around

text: the

text: accumulated

text: effect

text: of

text: recurring

text: plagues

text: and

text: famines

text: had

text: reduced

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Europe

text: to

text: perhaps

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: what

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: century

text: earlier

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: natural

text: disasters

text: were

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: armed

text: conflicts

text: this

text: was

text: particularly

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

question: Which climactic epoch followed the Medieval Warm Period?

answer: the Little Ice Age

text: the Little Ice Age

question: What was the high end of the estimated death rate of the Black Plague?

answer: sixty percent

text: sixty percent

question: What major conflict rocked France during the 13th and 14th centuries?

answer: Hundred Years' War

text: Hundred Years' War

question: When did the Medieval Warm Period end?

answer: Around 1300–1350

text: Around 1300–1350

question: What was the effect of the Little Ice Age?

answer: agricultural crises

text: agricultural crises


text: Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week, and the judges decided to use their "save" option on her, making her the first female recipient of the save. The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home. Sanchez later made the final two, the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Jessica

text: Sanchez

text: received

text: the

text: fewest

text: number

text: of

text: votes

text: during

text: the

text: Top

text: week

text: and

text: the

text: judges

text: decided

text: to

text: use

text: their

text: save

text: option

text: on

text: her

text: making

text: her

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: save

text: The

text: following

text: week

text: unlike

text: previous

text: seasons

text: Colton

text: Dixon

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: contestant

text: sent

text: home

text: Sanchez

text: later

text: made

text: the

text: final

text: two

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: where

text: a

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: save

text: reached

text: the

text: finale

question: Which contestant was saved by the judges on season 11 of American Idol?

answer: Jessica Sanchez

text: Jessica Sanchez

question: Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol?

answer: Jessica Sanchez

text: Jessica Sanchez

question: Who was eliminated the week after judges saved Jessica Sanchez on American Idol?

answer: Colton Dixon

text: Colton Dixon

question: How far did Jessica Sanchez make it on American Idol?

answer: final two

text: final two

question: When did the judges use their save this season?

answer: Top 7

text: Top 7

question: Who was the recipient of the Judges' Save?

answer: Jessica Sanchez

text: Jessica Sanchez

question: Which contestant was sent home the following week?

answer: Colton Dixon

text: Colton Dixon


text: In the beginning of 1996, several human rights groups brought cases to hold Shell accountable for alleged human rights violations in Nigeria, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment and arbitrary arrest and detention. In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other leaders of the Ogoni tribe of southern Nigeria, who were hanged in 1995 by Nigeria's then military rulers. The lawsuits were brought against Royal Dutch Shell and Brian Anderson, the head of its Nigerian operation. In 2009, Shell agreed to pay $15.5m in a legal settlement. Shell has not accepted any liability over the allegations against it.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: In

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: several

text: human

text: rights

text: groups

text: brought

text: cases

text: to

text: hold

text: Shell

text: accountable

text: for

text: alleged

text: human

text: rights

text: violations

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: including

text: summary

text: execution

text: crimes

text: against

text: humanity

text: torture

text: inhumane

text: treatment

text: and

text: arbitrary

text: arrest

text: and

text: detention

text: In

text: particular

text: Shell

text: stood

text: accused

text: of

text: collaborating

text: in

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: Ken

text: Saro

text: Wiwa

text: and

text: eight

text: other

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Ogoni

text: tribe

text: of

text: southern

text: Nigeria

text: who

text: were

text: hanged

text: in

text: by

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: then

text: military

text: rulers

text: The

text: lawsuits

text: were

text: brought

text: against

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: and

text: Brian

text: Anderson

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: its

text: Nigerian

text: operation

text: In

text: Shell

text: agreed

text: to

text: pay

text: m

text: in

text: a

text: legal

text: settlement

text: Shell

text: has

text: not

text: accepted

text: any

text: liability

text: over

text: the

text: allegations

text: against

text: it

question: In 1996, multiple groups filed lawsuits to hold Shell accountable for what?

answer: alleged human rights violations in Nigeria

text: alleged human rights violations in Nigeria

question: Shell was accused of participating in the execution of which southern Nigerian tribal leader?

answer: Ken Saro-Wiwa

text: Ken Saro-Wiwa

question: In what year did Shell agree to settle the lawsuits filed in 1996?

answer: 2009

question: For what amount did Shell agree to settle the 1996 lawsuits?

answer: $15.5m

question: In contrast to its agreement to settle the 1996 lawsuits, Shell refused to do what?

answer: accepted any liability over the allegations against it

text: accepted any liability over the allegations against it


text: Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Since

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: under

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: United

text: States

text: an

text: estimated

text: juvenile

text: offenders

text: have

text: been

text: put

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: execution

text: of

text: a

text: prisoner

text: for

text: crimes

text: committed

text: as

text: a

text: juvenile

text: was

text: Thomas

text: Graunger

text: in

text: Twenty

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: executions

text: occurred

text: after

text: in

text: seven

text: states

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: slow

text: process

text: of

text: appeals

text: it

text: was

text: highly

text: unusual

text: for

text: a

text: condemned

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: under

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: execution

text: The

text: youngest

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: executed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: George

text: Stinney

text: who

text: was

text: electrocuted

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: last

text: execution

text: of

text: a

text: juvenile

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: Leonard

text: Shockley

text: who

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: Maryland

text: gas

text: chamber

text: on

text: April

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: No

text: one

text: has

text: been

text: under

text: age

text: at

text: time

text: of

text: execution

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: Since

text: the

text: reinstatement

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: in

text: people

text: have

text: been

text: executed

text: for

text: crimes

text: committed

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Twenty

text: one

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: The

text: last

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: executed

text: for

text: a

text: crime

text: committed

text: as

text: a

text: juvenile

text: was

text: Scott

text: Hain

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: Oklahoma

question: About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?

answer: 364

question: In what year was Thomas Graunger executed?

answer: 1642

question: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?

answer: Twenty-two

text: Twenty-two

question: How old was George Stinney when he was executed?

answer: 14

question: What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley?

answer: gas chamber

text: gas chamber


text: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend," she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: first

text: met

text: actress

text: Amy

text: Irving

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: suggestion

text: of

text: director

text: Brian

text: De

text: Palma

text: who

text: knew

text: he

text: was

text: looking

text: for

text: an

text: actress

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: Close

text: Encounters

text: After

text: meeting

text: her

text: Spielberg

text: told

text: his

text: co

text: producer

text: Julia

text: Phillips

text: I

text: met

text: a

text: real

text: heartbreaker

text: last

text: Although

text: she

text: was

text: too

text: young

text: for

text: the

text: role

text: she

text: and

text: Spielberg

text: began

text: dating

text: and

text: she

text: eventually

text: moved

text: in

text: to

text: what

text: she

text: described

text: as

text: his

text: bachelor

text: funky

text: They

text: lived

text: together

text: for

text: four

text: years

text: but

text: the

text: stresses

text: of

text: their

text: professional

text: careers

text: took

text: a

text: toll

text: on

text: their

text: relationship

text: Irving

text: wanted

text: to

text: be

text: certain

text: that

text: whatever

text: success

text: she

text: attained

text: as

text: an

text: actress

text: would

text: be

text: her

text: own

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: want

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: Steven

text: 's

text: girlfriend

text: she

text: said

text: and

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: any

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: during

text: those

question: Who did Spielberg begin dating in 1976?

answer: Amy Irving

text: Amy Irving

question: What was Amy Irving's career?

answer: actress

text: actress

question: Who introduced Irving to Spielberg?

answer: Brian De Palma

text: Brian De Palma

question: How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?

answer: "bachelor funky"

text: "bachelor funky"

question: Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?

answer: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"

text: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"


text: The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It has generally been considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English. The classic version of this dialect is centered on middle and working-class people of European descent. However, the influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect, and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent among general New Yorkers as in the past.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: distinctive

text: regional

text: speech

text: pattern

text: called

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: dialect

text: alternatively

text: known

text: as

text: Brooklynese

text: or

text: New

text: Yorkese

text: It

text: has

text: generally

text: been

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: recognizable

text: accents

text: within

text: American

text: English

text: The

text: classic

text: version

text: of

text: this

text: dialect

text: is

text: centered

text: on

text: middle

text: and

text: working

text: class

text: people

text: of

text: European

text: descent

text: However

text: the

text: influx

text: of

text: non

text: European

text: immigrants

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: this

text: distinctive

text: dialect

text: and

text: the

text: traditional

text: form

text: of

text: this

text: speech

text: pattern

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: as

text: prevalent

text: among

text: general

text: New

text: Yorkers

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: past

question: Along with New Yorkese, what is another name for the New York dialect?

answer: Brooklynese

text: Brooklynese


text: The Augustan settlement built upon a cultural shift in Roman society. In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues. Politicians of the later Republic were less equivocal; both Sulla and Pompey claimed special relationships with Venus. Julius Caesar went further, and claimed her as his ancestress. Such claims suggested personal character and policy as divinely inspired; an appointment to priesthood offered divine validation. In 63 BC, Julius Caesar's appointment as pontifex maximus "signaled his emergence as a major player in Roman politics". Likewise, political candidates could sponsor temples, priesthoods and the immensely popular, spectacular public ludi and munera whose provision became increasingly indispensable to the factional politics of the Late Republic. Under the principate, such opportunities were limited by law; priestly and political power were consolidated in the person of the princeps ("first citizen").

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: Augustan

text: settlement

text: built

text: upon

text: a

text: cultural

text: shift

text: in

text: Roman

text: society

text: In

text: the

text: middle

text: Republican

text: era

text: even

text: Scipio

text: 's

text: tentative

text: hints

text: that

text: he

text: might

text: be

text: Jupiter

text: 's

text: special

text: protege

text: sat

text: ill

text: with

text: his

text: colleagues

text: Politicians

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: Republic

text: were

text: less

text: equivocal

text: both

text: Sulla

text: and

text: Pompey

text: claimed

text: special

text: relationships

text: with

text: Venus

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: went

text: further

text: and

text: claimed

text: her

text: as

text: his

text: ancestress

text: Such

text: claims

text: suggested

text: personal

text: character

text: and

text: policy

text: as

text: divinely

text: inspired

text: an

text: appointment

text: to

text: priesthood

text: offered

text: divine

text: validation

text: In

text: BC

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: appointment

text: as

text: pontifex

text: maximus

text: signaled

text: his

text: emergence

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: player

text: in

text: Roman

text: politics

text: Likewise

text: political

text: candidates

text: could

text: sponsor

text: temples

text: priesthoods

text: and

text: the

text: immensely

text: popular

text: spectacular

text: public

text: ludi

text: and

text: munera

text: whose

text: provision

text: became

text: increasingly

text: indispensable

text: to

text: the

text: factional

text: politics

text: of

text: the

text: Late

text: Republic

text: Under

text: the

text: principate

text: such

text: opportunities

text: were

text: limited

text: by

text: law

text: priestly

text: and

text: political

text: power

text: were

text: consolidated

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: the

text: princeps

text: first

text: citizen

question: What appointment was the start of Cesar's political rise?

answer: pontifex maximus

text: pontifex maximus

question: What did the Augustan settlement signify in Rome's classes?

answer: cultural shift

text: cultural shift

question: What did the claims of officials imply about the nature of the individuals?

answer: divinely inspired

text: divinely inspired

question: In what year was Cesar made pontifex maximus?

answer: 63 BC

text: 63 BC

question: How were opportunities limited in the principate for the citizens of Rome?

answer: by law

text: by law


text: Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Versions

text: of

text: revived

text: Palladian

text: architecture

text: dominated

text: English

text: country

text: house

text: architecture

text: Houses

text: were

text: increasingly

text: placed

text: in

text: grand

text: landscaped

text: settings

text: and

text: large

text: houses

text: were

text: generally

text: made

text: wide

text: and

text: relatively

text: shallow

text: largely

text: to

text: look

text: more

text: impressive

text: from

text: a

text: distance

text: The

text: height

text: was

text: usually

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: the

text: Baroque

text: emphasis

text: on

text: corner

text: pavilions

text: often

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: generally

text: avoided

text: In

text: grand

text: houses

text: an

text: entrance

text: hall

text: led

text: to

text: steps

text: up

text: to

text: a

text: piano

text: nobile

text: or

text: mezzanine

text: floor

text: where

text: the

text: main

text: reception

text: rooms

text: were

text: Typically

text: the

text: basement

text: area

text: or

text: rustic

text: with

text: kitchens

text: offices

text: and

text: service

text: areas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: male

text: guests

text: with

text: muddy

text: boots

text: came

text: some

text: way

text: above

text: ground

text: and

text: was

text: lit

text: by

text: windows

text: that

text: were

text: high

text: on

text: the

text: inside

text: but

text: just

text: above

text: ground

text: level

text: outside

text: A

text: single

text: block

text: was

text: typical

text: with

text: a

text: perhaps

text: a

text: small

text: court

text: for

text: carriages

text: at

text: the

text: front

text: marked

text: off

text: by

text: railings

text: and

text: a

text: gate

text: but

text: rarely

text: a

text: stone

text: gatehouse

text: or

text: side

text: wings

text: around

text: the

text: court

question: What revived style dominated English country house architecture?

answer: Palladian

text: Palladian

question: What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?

answer: made wide and relatively shallow

text: made wide and relatively shallow

question: Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture?

answer: the centre

text: the centre

question: Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found?

answer: basement area

text: basement area

question: What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?

answer: mezzanine floor

text: mezzanine floor


text: The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region and commissioned the world's first purpose-built oil tanker, the Murex (Latin for a type of snail shell), to enter this market; by 1907 the company had a fleet. Although for several decades the company had a refinery at Shell Haven on the Thames, there is no evidence of this having provided the name.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: The

text: name

text: Shell

text: is

text: linked

text: to

text: The

text: Shell

text: Transport

text: and

text: Trading

text: Company

text: In

text: the

text: founder

text: 's

text: father

text: Marcus

text: Samuel

text: founded

text: an

text: import

text: business

text: to

text: sell

text: seashells

text: to

text: London

text: collectors

text: When

text: collecting

text: seashell

text: specimens

text: in

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: younger

text: Samuel

text: realised

text: there

text: was

text: potential

text: in

text: exporting

text: lamp

text: oil

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: commissioned

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: purpose

text: built

text: oil

text: tanker

text: the

text: Murex

text: Latin

text: for

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: snail

text: shell

text: to

text: enter

text: this

text: market

text: by

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: a

text: fleet

text: Although

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: a

text: refinery

text: at

text: Shell

text: Haven

text: on

text: the

text: Thames

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: this

text: having

text: provided

text: the

text: name

question: The name Shell is connected to what company?

answer: The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company

text: The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company

question: What was the purpose of the created of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company?

answer: to sell seashells to London collectors

text: to sell seashells to London collectors

question: What did the younger founder of The "Shell" Transport and Trading company discover while collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area?

answer: there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region

text: there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region

question: By what year did the company have a fleet of oil tankers operating in the Caspian Sea region?

answer: 1907

question: The company operated a refinery on what river for several decades?

answer: Thames

text: Thames


text: Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate. The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain. The highest temperature in the continent of Asia (54.0 °C or 129.2 °F) was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Temperatures

text: in

text: Israel

text: vary

text: widely

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: Coastal

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: and

text: Haifa

text: have

text: a

text: typical

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: with

text: cool

text: rainy

text: winters

text: and

text: long

text: hot

text: summers

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: Beersheba

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Negev

text: has

text: a

text: semi

text: arid

text: climate

text: with

text: hot

text: summers

text: cool

text: winters

text: and

text: fewer

text: rainy

text: days

text: than

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: The

text: Southern

text: Negev

text: and

text: the

text: Arava

text: areas

text: have

text: desert

text: climate

text: with

text: very

text: hot

text: and

text: dry

text: summers

text: and

text: mild

text: winters

text: with

text: few

text: days

text: of

text: rain

text: The

text: highest

text: temperature

text: in

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Asia

text: C

text: or

text: F

text: was

text: recorded

text: in

text: at

text: Tirat

text: Zvi

text: kibbutz

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Jordan

text: river

text: valley

question: What kind of climate does Tel Aviv have?

answer: Mediterranean

text: Mediterranean

question: What kind of climate does Arava have?

answer: desert

text: desert

question: What was the highest recorded temperature in Tirat Zvi?

answer: 54.0 °C

text: 54.0 °C


text: As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Cohen.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: As

text: a

text: division

text: within

text: the

text: BBC

text: Television

text: was

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: BBC

text: Vision

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: until

text: its

text: name

text: reverted

text: to

text: Television

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: commissioning

text: producing

text: scheduling

text: and

text: broadcasting

text: of

text: all

text: programming

text: on

text: the

text: BBC

text: 's

text: television

text: channels

text: and

text: is

text: led

text: by

text: Danny

text: Cohen

question: When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television?

answer: 2013

question: Who is the current head of BBC Television?

answer: Danny Cohen

text: Danny Cohen

question: What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television?

answer: commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting

text: commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting


text: By 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goats, pigs and sheep. Metal objects replaced prior ones of stone. Tanning of animal skins, pottery and weaving were commonplace in this era also. There are indications of seasonal or only temporary occupation of the Al Fayyum in the 6th millennium BCE, with food activities centering on fishing, hunting and food-gathering. Stone arrowheads, knives and scrapers from the era are commonly found. Burial items included pottery, jewelry, farming and hunting equipment, and assorted foods including dried meat and fruit. Burial in desert environments appears to enhance Egyptian preservation rites, and dead were buried facing due west.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: By

text: BCE

text: predynastic

text: Egyptians

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: corner

text: of

text: Egypt

text: were

text: herding

text: cattle

text: and

text: constructing

text: large

text: buildings

text: Subsistence

text: in

text: organized

text: and

text: permanent

text: settlements

text: in

text: predynastic

text: Egypt

text: by

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: centered

text: predominantly

text: on

text: cereal

text: and

text: animal

text: agriculture

text: cattle

text: goats

text: pigs

text: and

text: sheep

text: Metal

text: objects

text: replaced

text: prior

text: ones

text: of

text: stone

text: Tanning

text: of

text: animal

text: skins

text: pottery

text: and

text: weaving

text: were

text: commonplace

text: in

text: this

text: era

text: also

text: There

text: are

text: indications

text: of

text: seasonal

text: or

text: only

text: temporary

text: occupation

text: of

text: the

text: Al

text: Fayyum

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: with

text: food

text: activities

text: centering

text: on

text: fishing

text: hunting

text: and

text: food

text: gathering

text: Stone

text: arrowheads

text: knives

text: and

text: scrapers

text: from

text: the

text: era

text: are

text: commonly

text: found

text: Burial

text: items

text: included

text: pottery

text: jewelry

text: farming

text: and

text: hunting

text: equipment

text: and

text: assorted

text: foods

text: including

text: dried

text: meat

text: and

text: fruit

text: Burial

text: in

text: desert

text: environments

text: appears

text: to

text: enhance

text: Egyptian

text: preservation

text: rites

text: and

text: dead

text: were

text: buried

text: facing

text: due

text: west

question: What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period?

answer: cattle

text: cattle

question: By what time period were the Egyptians constructing  large buildings?

answer: 6000 BCE

text: 6000 BCE

question: What items replaced previously items made of stone?

answer: Metal objects

text: Metal objects

question: In which direction were the dead facing when they were   buried?

answer: due west

text: due west


text: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which had unintentionally strayed into Soviet airspace after the pilot had radioed "difficulties with his oxygen equipment" while flying over Turkey. The Soviets put Captain Powers on trial and displayed parts of the U-2, which had been recovered almost fully intact.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Soviet

text: Premier

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: spy

text: plane

text: had

text: been

text: shot

text: down

text: but

text: intentionally

text: made

text: no

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: pilot

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: Eisenhower

text: Administration

text: thinking

text: the

text: pilot

text: had

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: crash

text: authorized

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: cover

text: story

text: claiming

text: that

text: the

text: plane

text: was

text: a

text: weather

text: research

text: aircraft

text: which

text: had

text: unintentionally

text: strayed

text: into

text: Soviet

text: airspace

text: after

text: the

text: pilot

text: had

text: radioed

text: difficulties

text: with

text: his

text: oxygen

text: equipment

text: while

text: flying

text: over

text: Turkey

text: The

text: Soviets

text: put

text: Captain

text: Powers

text: on

text: trial

text: and

text: displayed

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: recovered

text: almost

text: fully

text: intact

question: What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as?

answer: weather research aircraft

text: weather research aircraft

question: Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey

question: According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with?

answer: oxygen equipment

text: oxygen equipment

question: What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?

answer: trial

text: trial

question: What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as?

answer: spy-plane

text: spy-plane


text: Before 2006, geneticists had largely attributed the ethnogenesis of most of the world's Jewish populations, including Ashkenazi Jews, to Israelite Jewish male migrants from the Middle East and "the women from each local population whom they took as wives and converted to Judaism." Thus, in 2002, in line with this model of origin, David Goldstein, now of Duke University, reported that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities "did not seem to be Middle Eastern", and that each community had its own genetic pattern and even that "in some cases the mitochondrial DNA was closely related to that of the host community." In his view this suggested "that Jewish men had arrived from the Middle East, taken wives from the host population and converted them to Judaism, after which there was no further intermarriage with non-Jews."

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Before

text: geneticists

text: had

text: largely

text: attributed

text: the

text: ethnogenesis

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: including

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: to

text: Israelite

text: Jewish

text: male

text: migrants

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: women

text: from

text: each

text: local

text: population

text: whom

text: they

text: took

text: as

text: wives

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: Judaism

text: Thus

text: in

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: this

text: model

text: of

text: origin

text: David

text: Goldstein

text: now

text: of

text: Duke

text: University

text: reported

text: that

text: unlike

text: male

text: Ashkenazi

text: lineages

text: the

text: female

text: lineages

text: in

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: did

text: not

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: and

text: that

text: each

text: community

text: had

text: its

text: own

text: genetic

text: pattern

text: and

text: even

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: was

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: community

text: In

text: his

text: view

text: this

text: suggested

text: that

text: Jewish

text: men

text: had

text: arrived

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: taken

text: wives

text: from

text: the

text: host

text: population

text: and

text: converted

text: them

text: to

text: Judaism

text: after

text: which

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: further

text: intermarriage

text: with

text: non

text: Jews

question: What year did David Goldstein report that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities did not seem to be Middle Eastern?

answer: 2002


text: Other, prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer – who all scored local and national hits on the Fortune Records label. According to Smokey Robinson, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label was a family-operated label located on Third Avenue in Detroit, and was owned by the husband and wife team of Jack Brown and Devora Brown. Fortune, which also released country, gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s, laid the groundwork for Motown, which became Detroit's most legendary record label.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Other

text: prominent

text: Motor

text: City

text: R&B

text: stars

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: was

text: Nolan

text: Strong

text: Andre

text: Williams

text: and

text: Nathaniel

text: Mayer

text: who

text: all

text: scored

text: local

text: and

text: national

text: hits

text: on

text: the

text: Fortune

text: Records

text: label

text: According

text: to

text: Smokey

text: Robinson

text: Strong

text: was

text: a

text: primary

text: influence

text: on

text: his

text: voice

text: as

text: a

text: teenager

text: The

text: Fortune

text: label

text: was

text: a

text: family

text: operated

text: label

text: located

text: on

text: Third

text: Avenue

text: in

text: Detroit

text: and

text: was

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: team

text: of

text: Jack

text: Brown

text: and

text: Devora

text: Brown

text: Fortune

text: which

text: also

text: released

text: country

text: gospel

text: and

text: rockabilly

text: LPs

text: and

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: Motown

text: which

text: became

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: most

text: legendary

text: record

text: label

question: Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?

answer: Nolan Strong

text: Nolan Strong

question: What label operated in Third Avenue?

answer: Fortune

text: Fortune

question: Who was Jack Brown's wife?

answer: Devora Brown

text: Devora Brown

question: What label became Detroit's most famous?

answer: Motown

text: Motown


text: The French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd (1,100 m). It was developed in such secrecy, that little training with the weapon had occurred, leaving French gunners with no experience; the gun was treated like artillery and in this role it was ineffective. Worse still, once the small number of soldiers who had been trained how to use the new weapon became casualties, there were no replacements who knew how to operate the mitrailleuse.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: French

text: breech

text: loading

text: rifle

text: the

text: Chassepot

text: had

text: a

text: far

text: longer

text: range

text: than

text: the

text: German

text: needle

text: gun

text: yards

text: m

text: compared

text: to

text: yd

text: m

text: The

text: French

text: also

text: had

text: an

text: early

text: machine

text: gun

text: type

text: weapon

text: the

text: mitrailleuse

text: which

text: could

text: fire

text: its

text: thirty

text: seven

text: barrels

text: at

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: around

text: yd

text: m

text: It

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: such

text: secrecy

text: that

text: little

text: training

text: with

text: the

text: weapon

text: had

text: occurred

text: leaving

text: French

text: gunners

text: with

text: no

text: experience

text: the

text: gun

text: was

text: treated

text: like

text: artillery

text: and

text: in

text: this

text: role

text: it

text: was

text: ineffective

text: Worse

text: still

text: once

text: the

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: soldiers

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: trained

text: how

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: new

text: weapon

text: became

text: casualties

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: replacements

text: who

text: knew

text: how

text: to

text: operate

text: the

text: mitrailleuse

question: What aspect of the Chassepot was superior to the German needle gun?

answer: longer range

text: longer range

question: What French weapon was considered a rough prototype of the first machine gun?

answer: the mitrailleuse

text: the mitrailleuse

question: How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature?

answer: thirty-seven barrels

text: thirty-seven barrels

question: What was the range of the mitrailleuse?

answer: 1,200 yd (1,100 m)

text: 1,200 yd (1,100 m)

question: Treating the mitrailleuse like what rendered it far less effective

answer: artillery

text: artillery


text: During the 19th and 20th century, many national political parties organized themselves into international organizations along similar policy lines. Notable examples are The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association (also called the First International), the Socialist International (also called the Second International), the Communist International (also called the Third International), and the Fourth International, as organizations of working class parties, or the Liberal International (yellow), Hizb ut-Tahrir, Christian Democratic International and the International Democrat Union (blue). Organized in Italy in 1945, the International Communist Party, since 1974 headquartered in Florence has sections in six countries.[citation needed] Worldwide green parties have recently established the Global Greens. The Universal Party, The Socialist International, the Liberal International, and the International Democrat Union are all based in London. Some administrations (e.g. Hong Kong) outlaw formal linkages between local and foreign political organizations, effectively outlawing international political parties.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: many

text: national

text: political

text: parties

text: organized

text: themselves

text: into

text: international

text: organizations

text: along

text: similar

text: policy

text: lines

text: Notable

text: examples

text: are

text: The

text: Universal

text: Party

text: International

text: Workingmen

text: 's

text: Association

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: First

text: International

text: the

text: Socialist

text: International

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Second

text: International

text: the

text: Communist

text: International

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Third

text: International

text: and

text: the

text: Fourth

text: International

text: as

text: organizations

text: of

text: working

text: class

text: parties

text: or

text: the

text: Liberal

text: International

text: yellow

text: Hizb

text: ut

text: Tahrir

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: International

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Democrat

text: Union

text: blue

text: Organized

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: International

text: Communist

text: Party

text: since

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Florence

text: has

text: sections

text: in

text: six

text: countries.[citation

text: needed

text: Worldwide

text: green

text: parties

text: have

text: recently

text: established

text: the

text: Global

text: Greens

text: The

text: Universal

text: Party

text: The

text: Socialist

text: International

text: the

text: Liberal

text: International

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Democrat

text: Union

text: are

text: all

text: based

text: in

text: London

text: Some

text: administrations

text: e.g.

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: outlaw

text: formal

text: linkages

text: between

text: local

text: and

text: foreign

text: political

text: organizations

text: effectively

text: outlawing

text: international

text: political

text: parties

question: When did political parties organize themselves into international organizations?

answer: 19th and 20th century

text: 19th and 20th century

question: What are some examples of this?

answer: The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association

text: The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association

question: Name an example of an administration that outlaws links between local and foreign political organizations.

answer: Hong Kong

text: Hong Kong


text: Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no matter what the cost". Raised within the Sunni branch of Islam, Gaddafi called for the implementation of sharia within Libya. He desired unity across the Islamic world, and encouraged the propagation of the faith elsewhere. On a 2010 visit to Italy, he paid a modelling agency to find 200 young Italian women for a lecture he gave urging them to convert. He also funded the construction and renovation of two mosques in Africa, including Uganda's Kampala Mosque. He nevertheless clashed with conservative Libyan clerics as to his interpretation of Islam. Many criticised his attempts to encourage women to enter traditionally male-only sectors of society, such as the armed forces. Gaddafi was keen to improve women's status, though saw the sexes as "separate but equal" and therefore felt women should usually remain in traditional roles.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: ideological

text: worldview

text: was

text: moulded

text: by

text: his

text: environment

text: namely

text: his

text: Islamic

text: faith

text: his

text: Bedouin

text: upbringing

text: and

text: his

text: disgust

text: at

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: European

text: colonialists

text: in

text: Libya

text: He

text: was

text: driven

text: by

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: divine

text: mission

text: believing

text: himself

text: a

text: conduit

text: of

text: Allah

text: 's

text: will

text: and

text: thought

text: that

text: he

text: must

text: achieve

text: his

text: goals

text: no

text: matter

text: what

text: the

text: cost

text: Raised

text: within

text: the

text: Sunni

text: branch

text: of

text: Islam

text: Gaddafi

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: sharia

text: within

text: Libya

text: He

text: desired

text: unity

text: across

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: and

text: encouraged

text: the

text: propagation

text: of

text: the

text: faith

text: elsewhere

text: On

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: Italy

text: he

text: paid

text: a

text: modelling

text: agency

text: to

text: find

text: young

text: Italian

text: women

text: for

text: a

text: lecture

text: he

text: gave

text: urging

text: them

text: to

text: convert

text: He

text: also

text: funded

text: the

text: construction

text: and

text: renovation

text: of

text: two

text: mosques

text: in

text: Africa

text: including

text: Uganda

text: 's

text: Kampala

text: Mosque

text: He

text: nevertheless

text: clashed

text: with

text: conservative

text: Libyan

text: clerics

text: as

text: to

text: his

text: interpretation

text: of

text: Islam

text: Many

text: criticised

text: his

text: attempts

text: to

text: encourage

text: women

text: to

text: enter

text: traditionally

text: male

text: only

text: sectors

text: of

text: society

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: keen

text: to

text: improve

text: women

text: 's

text: status

text: though

text: saw

text: the

text: sexes

text: as

text: separate

text: but

text: equal

text: and

text: therefore

text: felt

text: women

text: should

text: usually

text: remain

text: in

text: traditional

text: roles

question: What variety of Islam was Gaddafi raised in?

answer: Sunni

text: Sunni

question: In what country is Kampala Mosque located?

answer: Uganda

text: Uganda

question: In what ethnic culture was Gaddafi raised?

answer: Bedouin

text: Bedouin

question: In what year did Gaddafi notably visit Italy?

answer: 2010


text: Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs. Of this amount $2.5 billion was recovered through False Claims Act cases in FY 2010. Examples of fraud cases include the GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion settlement, Pfizer $2.3 billion settlement and Merck & Co. $650 million settlement. Damages from fraud can be recovered by use of the False Claims Act, most commonly under the qui tam provisions which rewards an individual for being a "whistleblower", or relator (law).

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Pharmaceutical

text: fraud

text: involves

text: deceptions

text: which

text: bring

text: financial

text: gain

text: to

text: a

text: pharmaceutical

text: company

text: It

text: affects

text: individuals

text: and

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: insurers

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: different

text: schemes

text: used

text: to

text: defraud

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: system

text: which

text: are

text: particular

text: to

text: the

text: pharmaceutical

text: industry

text: These

text: include

text: Good

text: Manufacturing

text: Practice

text: GMP

text: Violations

text: Off

text: Label

text: Marketing

text: Best

text: Price

text: Fraud

text: CME

text: Fraud

text: Medicaid

text: Price

text: Reporting

text: and

text: Manufactured

text: Compound

text: Drugs

text: Of

text: this

text: amount

text: billion

text: was

text: recovered

text: through

text: False

text: Claims

text: Act

text: cases

text: in

text: FY

text: Examples

text: of

text: fraud

text: cases

text: include

text: the

text: GlaxoSmithKline

text: billion

text: settlement

text: Pfizer

text: billion

text: settlement

text: and

text: Merck

text: Co.

text: million

text: settlement

text: Damages

text: from

text: fraud

text: can

text: be

text: recovered

text: by

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: False

text: Claims

text: Act

text: most

text: commonly

text: under

text: the

text: qui

text: tam

text: provisions

text: which

text: rewards

text: an

text: individual

text: for

text: being

text: a

text: whistleblower

text: or

text: relator

text: law

question: How much money was recovered through the False Claims?

answer: $2.5 billion

text: $2.5 billion

question: What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system?

answer: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs.

text: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs.

question: What is pharmaceutical fraud?

answer: deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company

text: deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company

question: Who had the biggest fraud case settlement?

answer: GlaxoSmithKline

text: GlaxoSmithKline

question: What provision rewards "whistle-blowers"?

answer: qui tam

text: qui tam

question: What kind of fraud financially benefits a drug company?

answer: Pharmaceutical fraud

text: Pharmaceutical fraud

question: Who is affected by pharmaceutical fraud?

answer: individuals and public and private insurers

text: individuals and public and private insurers

question: How much money lost to pharmaceutical fraud was recovered in 2010?

answer: $2.5 billion

text: $2.5 billion

question: Which act allows whistleblowers to recover money lost from pharmaceutical fraud?

answer: False Claims Act

text: False Claims Act


text: As god of colonization, Apollo gave oracular guidance on colonies, especially during the height of colonization, 750–550 BCE. According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy. However, this story may reflect a cultural influence which had the reverse direction: Hittite cuneiform texts mention a Minor Asian god called Appaliunas or Apalunas in connection with the city of Wilusa attested in Hittite inscriptions, which is now generally regarded as being identical with the Greek Ilion by most scholars. In this interpretation, Apollo's title of Lykegenes can simply be read as "born in Lycia", which effectively severs the god's supposed link with wolves (possibly a folk etymology).

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: As

text: god

text: of

text: colonization

text: Apollo

text: gave

text: oracular

text: guidance

text: on

text: colonies

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: colonization

text: BCE

text: According

text: to

text: Greek

text: tradition

text: he

text: helped

text: Cretan

text: or

text: Arcadian

text: colonists

text: found

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Troy

text: However

text: this

text: story

text: may

text: reflect

text: a

text: cultural

text: influence

text: which

text: had

text: the

text: reverse

text: direction

text: Hittite

text: cuneiform

text: texts

text: mention

text: a

text: Minor

text: Asian

text: god

text: called

text: Appaliunas

text: or

text: Apalunas

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Wilusa

text: attested

text: in

text: Hittite

text: inscriptions

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: being

text: identical

text: with

text: the

text: Greek

text: Ilion

text: by

text: most

text: scholars

text: In

text: this

text: interpretation

text: Apollo

text: 's

text: title

text: of

text: Lykegenes

text: can

text: simply

text: be

text: read

text: as

text: born

text: in

text: Lycia

text: which

text: effectively

text: severs

text: the

text: god

text: 's

text: supposed

text: link

text: with

text: wolves

text: possibly

text: a

text: folk

text: etymology

question: Who was god of colonization?

answer: Apollo

text: Apollo

question: When was the height of colonization?

answer: 750–550 BCE

text: 750–550 BCE

question: What does Lykegenes mean?

answer: born in Lycia

text: born in Lycia


text: According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not true, as any experienced forensic anthropologist will affirm" and "Many morphological features tend to follow geographic boundaries coinciding often with climatic zones. This is not surprising since the selective forces of climate are probably the primary forces of nature that have shaped human races with regard not only to skin color and hair form but also the underlying bony structures of the nose, cheekbones, etc. (For example, more prominent noses humidify air better.)" While he can see good arguments for both sides, the complete denial of the opposing evidence "seems to stem largely from socio-political motivation and not science at all". He also states that many biological anthropologists see races as real yet "not one introductory textbook of physical anthropology even presents that perspective as a possibility. In a case as flagrant as this, we are not dealing with science but rather with blatant, politically motivated censorship".

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: a

text: popular

text: physical

text: anthropology

text: textbook

text: forensic

text: anthropologists

text: are

text: overwhelmingly

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: biological

text: reality

text: of

text: human

text: races

text: Forensic

text: physical

text: anthropologist

text: and

text: professor

text: George

text: W.

text: Gill

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: race

text: is

text: only

text: skin

text: deep

text: is

text: simply

text: not

text: true

text: as

text: any

text: experienced

text: forensic

text: anthropologist

text: will

text: affirm

text: and

text: Many

text: morphological

text: features

text: tend

text: to

text: follow

text: geographic

text: boundaries

text: coinciding

text: often

text: with

text: climatic

text: zones

text: This

text: is

text: not

text: surprising

text: since

text: the

text: selective

text: forces

text: of

text: climate

text: are

text: probably

text: the

text: primary

text: forces

text: of

text: nature

text: that

text: have

text: shaped

text: human

text: races

text: with

text: regard

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: skin

text: color

text: and

text: hair

text: form

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: underlying

text: bony

text: structures

text: of

text: the

text: nose

text: cheekbones

text: etc

text: For

text: example

text: more

text: prominent

text: noses

text: humidify

text: air

text: better

text: While

text: he

text: can

text: see

text: good

text: arguments

text: for

text: both

text: sides

text: the

text: complete

text: denial

text: of

text: the

text: opposing

text: evidence

text: seems

text: to

text: stem

text: largely

text: from

text: socio

text: political

text: motivation

text: and

text: not

text: science

text: at

text: all

text: He

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: many

text: biological

text: anthropologists

text: see

text: races

text: as

text: real

text: yet

text: not

text: one

text: introductory

text: textbook

text: of

text: physical

text: anthropology

text: even

text: presents

text: that

text: perspective

text: as

text: a

text: possibility

text: In

text: a

text: case

text: as

text: flagrant

text: as

text: this

text: we

text: are

text: not

text: dealing

text: with

text: science

text: but

text: rather

text: with

text: blatant

text: politically

text: motivated

text: censorship

question: What group of anthropologists overwhelmingly support the idea of human races?

answer: forensic

text: forensic

question: What does George W. Gill think about the veracity of the idea that race is only skin deep?

answer: simply not true

text: simply not true

question: What are probably the primary forces of nature which shaped human races?

answer: selective forces of climate

text: selective forces of climate

question: What does Gill think the complete denial of opposing evidence stems from?

answer: socio-political motivation

text: socio-political motivation

question: What does Gill attribute the lack of presenting the perspective as a possibility to?

answer: politically motivated censorship

text: politically motivated censorship


text: Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Cantonese. (See voice-onset time.)

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Cantonese

text: have

text: aspiration

text: that

text: lasts

text: about

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: English

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: unaspirated

text: stops

text: Korean

text: has

text: lightly

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: that

text: fall

text: between

text: the

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Cantonese

text: unaspirated

text: and

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: strongly

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: whose

text: aspiration

text: lasts

text: longer

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Armenian

text: or

text: Cantonese

text: See

text: voice

text: onset

text: time

question: As well as lasting as long as an English aspirated stop, the Armenian and Cantonese aspiration lasts as long as what?

answer: unaspirated stops

text: unaspirated stops


text: Von Neumann's results have been viewed as a special case of linear programming, where von Neumann's model uses only nonnegative matrices. The study of von Neumann's model of an expanding economy continues to interest mathematical economists with interests in computational economics. This paper has been called the greatest paper in mathematical economics by several authors, who recognized its introduction of fixed-point theorems, linear inequalities, complementary slackness, and saddlepoint duality. In the proceedings of a conference on von Neumann's growth model, Paul Samuelson said that many mathematicians had developed methods useful to economists, but that von Neumann was unique in having made significant contributions to economic theory itself.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: results

text: have

text: been

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: special

text: case

text: of

text: linear

text: programming

text: where

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: model

text: uses

text: only

text: nonnegative

text: matrices

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: model

text: of

text: an

text: expanding

text: economy

text: continues

text: to

text: interest

text: mathematical

text: economists

text: with

text: interests

text: in

text: computational

text: economics

text: This

text: paper

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: greatest

text: paper

text: in

text: mathematical

text: economics

text: by

text: several

text: authors

text: who

text: recognized

text: its

text: introduction

text: of

text: fixed

text: point

text: theorems

text: linear

text: inequalities

text: complementary

text: slackness

text: and

text: saddlepoint

text: duality

text: In

text: the

text: proceedings

text: of

text: a

text: conference

text: on

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: growth

text: model

text: Paul

text: Samuelson

text: said

text: that

text: many

text: mathematicians

text: had

text: developed

text: methods

text: useful

text: to

text: economists

text: but

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: unique

text: in

text: having

text: made

text: significant

text: contributions

text: to

text: economic

text: theory

text: itself

question: What were von Neumann's model an example of?

answer: viewed as a special case of linear programming

text: viewed as a special case of linear programming

question: What was the significance of von Neumann's model of expanding economy?

answer: unique in having made significant contributions to economic theory itself.

text: unique in having made significant contributions to economic theory itself.

question: What ideas were utilized in von Neumann's ecocomic model?

answer: fixed-point theorems, linear inequalities, complementary slackness, and saddlepoint duality

text: fixed-point theorems, linear inequalities, complementary slackness, and saddlepoint duality


text: In 1963, Egyptian director Youssef Chahine produced the film El Nasser Salah El Dine ("Saladin The Victorious"), which intentionally drew parallels between Saladin, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by Ahmed Zaki in Mohamed Fadel's 1996 Nasser 56. The film set the Egyptian box office record at the time, and focused on Nasser during the Suez Crisis. It is also considered a milestone in Egyptian and Arab cinema as the first film to dramatize the role of a modern-day Arab leader. Together with the 1999 Syrian biopic Gamal Abdel Nasser, the films marked the first biographical movies about contemporary public figures produced in the Arab world.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: Egyptian

text: director

text: Youssef

text: Chahine

text: produced

text: the

text: film

text: El

text: Nasser

text: Salah

text: El

text: Dine

text: Saladin

text: The

text: Victorious

text: which

text: intentionally

text: drew

text: parallels

text: between

text: Saladin

text: considered

text: a

text: hero

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: and

text: Nasser

text: and

text: his

text: pan

text: Arabist

text: policies

text: Nasser

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: Ahmed

text: Zaki

text: in

text: Mohamed

text: Fadel

text: 's

text: Nasser

text: The

text: film

text: set

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: box

text: office

text: record

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: Nasser

text: during

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: a

text: milestone

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: Arab

text: cinema

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: to

text: dramatize

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: day

text: Arab

text: leader

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: Syrian

text: biopic

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: the

text: films

text: marked

text: the

text: first

text: biographical

text: movies

text: about

text: contemporary

text: public

text: figures

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

question: What 1963 film compared Nasser to Saladin?

answer: El Nasser Salah El Dine

text: El Nasser Salah El Dine

question: What 1996 Nasser-related film set a box office record?

answer: Nasser 56

text: Nasser 56

question: What was Nasser 56 about?

answer: Suez Crisis

text: Suez Crisis

question: What was the famous biopic about Nasser?

answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser

text: Gamal Abdel Nasser


text: During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: shipbuilding

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: industry

text: for

text: the

text: town

text: Henry

text: V

text: 's

text: famous

text: warship

text: HMS

text: Grace

text: Dieu

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: Southampton

text: Walter

text: Taylor

text: 's

text: century

text: mechanisation

text: of

text: the

text: block

text: making

text: process

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: step

text: in

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Thornycroft

text: shipbuilding

text: yard

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: employer

text: in

text: Southampton

text: building

text: and

text: repairing

text: ships

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: World

text: Wars

question: What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?

answer: shipbuilding

text: shipbuilding

question: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?

answer: HMS Grace Dieu

text: HMS Grace Dieu

question: What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?

answer: Walter Taylor

text: Walter Taylor

question: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?

answer: Thornycroft

text: Thornycroft

question: In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?

answer: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution


text: A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: A

text: profile

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Health

text: Service

text: showed

text: Plymouth

text: had

text: higher

text: than

text: average

text: levels

text: of

text: poverty

text: and

text: deprivation

text: of

text: population

text: among

text: the

text: poorest

text: nationally

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: years

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: for

text: women

text: was

text: the

text: lowest

text: of

text: any

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: West

text: of

text: England

question: What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?

answer: 26.2%

question: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?

answer: 78.3 years

text: 78.3 years

question: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents?

answer: 82.1

question: Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?

answer: lowest

text: lowest


text: After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews were deported on 15 July 1940 and the main synagogue, a huge Romanesque revival building that had been a major architectural landmark with its 54-metre-high dome since its completion in 1897, was set ablaze, then razed.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: After

text: the

text: ceasefire

text: following

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: June

text: Alsace

text: was

text: annexed

text: to

text: Germany

text: and

text: a

text: rigorous

text: policy

text: of

text: Germanisation

text: was

text: imposed

text: upon

text: it

text: by

text: the

text: Gauleiter

text: Robert

text: Heinrich

text: Wagner

text: When

text: in

text: July

text: the

text: first

text: evacuees

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

text: only

text: residents

text: of

text: Alsatian

text: origin

text: were

text: admitted

text: The

text: last

text: Jews

text: were

text: deported

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: synagogue

text: a

text: huge

text: Romanesque

text: revival

text: building

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: major

text: architectural

text: landmark

text: with

text: its

text: high

text: dome

text: since

text: its

text: completion

text: in

text: was

text: set

text: ablaze

text: then

text: razed

question: In what year was the Fall of France?

answer: 1940

question: What country was Alsace annexed to?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?

answer: Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner

text: Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner

question: When were the first evacuees allowed to return?

answer: July 1940

text: July 1940

question: How high was the dome at the Romanesque revival building?

answer: 54-metre


text: The standard SNES controller adds two additional face buttons (X and Y) to the design of the NES iteration, arranging the four in a diamond shape, and introduces two shoulder buttons. It also features an ergonomic design by Lance Barr, later used for the NES-102 model controllers, also designed by Barr. The Japanese and PAL region versions incorporate the colors of the four action buttons into system's logo. The North American version's buttons are colored to match the redesigned console; the X and Y buttons are lavender with concave faces, and the A and B buttons are purple with convex faces. Several later consoles derive elements of their controller design from the SNES, including the PlayStation, Dreamcast, Xbox, and Wii Classic Controller.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: standard

text: SNES

text: controller

text: adds

text: two

text: additional

text: face

text: buttons

text: X

text: and

text: Y

text: to

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: iteration

text: arranging

text: the

text: four

text: in

text: a

text: diamond

text: shape

text: and

text: introduces

text: two

text: shoulder

text: buttons

text: It

text: also

text: features

text: an

text: ergonomic

text: design

text: by

text: Lance

text: Barr

text: later

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: model

text: controllers

text: also

text: designed

text: by

text: Barr

text: The

text: Japanese

text: and

text: PAL

text: region

text: versions

text: incorporate

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: action

text: buttons

text: into

text: system

text: 's

text: logo

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: version

text: 's

text: buttons

text: are

text: colored

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: redesigned

text: console

text: the

text: X

text: and

text: Y

text: buttons

text: are

text: lavender

text: with

text: concave

text: faces

text: and

text: the

text: A

text: and

text: B

text: buttons

text: are

text: purple

text: with

text: convex

text: faces

text: Several

text: later

text: consoles

text: derive

text: elements

text: of

text: their

text: controller

text: design

text: from

text: the

text: SNES

text: including

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Dreamcast

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Wii

text: Classic

text: Controller

question: What face buttons do SNES controllers have that NES controllers didn't?

answer: X and Y

text: X and Y

question: How many shoulder buttons do SNES controllers have?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who designed the SNES controllers?

answer: Lance Barr

text: Lance Barr

question: What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons?

answer: lavender

text: lavender

question: What color are the US SNES controllers' A and B buttons?

answer: purple

text: purple


text: Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States that had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from 5% (estimated in 2009) to 16% (estimated in 2005).

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Statistics

text: from

text: late

text: indicate

text: that

text: Apple

text: had

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: desktop

text: share

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: percent

text: by

text: As

text: of

text: October

text: research

text: firms

text: IDC

text: and

text: Gartner

text: reported

text: that

text: Apple

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: about

text: percent

text: Figures

text: from

text: December

text: showing

text: a

text: market

text: share

text: around

text: percent

text: IDC

text: and

text: percent

text: Gartner

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: increase

text: in

text: unit

text: sale

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: installed

text: base

text: of

text: Mac

text: computers

text: is

text: hard

text: to

text: determine

text: with

text: numbers

text: ranging

text: from

text: estimated

text: in

text: to

text: estimated

text: in

question: What percent of the desktop share in the U.S. did Apple have in 2003?

answer: 2.06

question: Who are IDC and Gartner?

answer: research firms

text: research firms

question: What was Apple's market share in the U.S. by 2006?

answer: 6.1 percent

text: 6.1 percent

question: What percentage of unit sale increase did Apple see from 2005 to 2006?

answer: 30

question: What was the estimated installed base of Mac computers in 2009?

answer: 16%


text: Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cells and extracellular components, forming secondary structures, such as microcolonies, through which there are networks of channels to enable better diffusion of nutrients. In natural environments, such as soil or the surfaces of plants, the majority of bacteria are bound to surfaces in biofilms. Biofilms are also important in medicine, as these structures are often present during chronic bacterial infections or in infections of implanted medical devices, and bacteria protected within biofilms are much harder to kill than individual isolated bacteria.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Bacteria

text: often

text: attach

text: to

text: surfaces

text: and

text: form

text: dense

text: aggregations

text: called

text: biofilms

text: or

text: bacterial

text: mats

text: These

text: films

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: a

text: few

text: micrometers

text: in

text: thickness

text: to

text: up

text: to

text: half

text: a

text: meter

text: in

text: depth

text: and

text: may

text: contain

text: multiple

text: species

text: of

text: bacteria

text: protists

text: and

text: archaea

text: Bacteria

text: living

text: in

text: biofilms

text: display

text: a

text: complex

text: arrangement

text: of

text: cells

text: and

text: extracellular

text: components

text: forming

text: secondary

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: microcolonies

text: through

text: which

text: there

text: are

text: networks

text: of

text: channels

text: to

text: enable

text: better

text: diffusion

text: of

text: nutrients

text: In

text: natural

text: environments

text: such

text: as

text: soil

text: or

text: the

text: surfaces

text: of

text: plants

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: bacteria

text: are

text: bound

text: to

text: surfaces

text: in

text: biofilms

text: Biofilms

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: in

text: medicine

text: as

text: these

text: structures

text: are

text: often

text: present

text: during

text: chronic

text: bacterial

text: infections

text: or

text: in

text: infections

text: of

text: implanted

text: medical

text: devices

text: and

text: bacteria

text: protected

text: within

text: biofilms

text: are

text: much

text: harder

text: to

text: kill

text: than

text: individual

text: isolated

text: bacteria

question: What does bacteria use to adhere to surfaces?

answer: biofilms

text: biofilms

question: How extent can biofilm be?

answer: up to half a meter in depth

text: up to half a meter in depth

question: What is part of secondary structure in the complex formation of bacteria?

answer: microcolonies,

text: microcolonies,

question: What is the purpose of networks of channels in microcolonies?

answer: to enable better diffusion of nutrients

text: to enable better diffusion of nutrients

question: Which bacteria is more difficult to eradicate?

answer: bacteria protected within biofilms

text: bacteria protected within biofilms