text: Islington's 1 mile (1.6 km) long Upper Street, extending northwards from Angel, has more bars and restaurants than any other street in the United Kingdom. Europe's busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, a shopping street nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long, making it the longest shopping street in the United Kingdom. Oxford Street is home to vast numbers of retailers and department stores, including the world-famous Selfridges flagship store. Knightsbridge, home to the equally renowned Harrods department store, lies to the south-west.

title: London

title: London

text: Islington

text: 's

text: mile

text: km

text: long

text: Upper

text: Street

text: extending

text: northwards

text: from

text: Angel

text: has

text: more

text: bars

text: and

text: restaurants

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Europe

text: 's

text: busiest

text: shopping

text: area

text: is

text: Oxford

text: Street

text: a

text: shopping

text: street

text: nearly

text: mile

text: km

text: long

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: shopping

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Oxford

text: Street

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: vast

text: numbers

text: of

text: retailers

text: and

text: department

text: stores

text: including

text: the

text: world

text: famous

text: Selfridges

text: flagship

text: store

text: Knightsbridge

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: equally

text: renowned

text: Harrods

text: department

text: store

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

question: What street in Islington boasts more bars and restaurants than any other street in Britain?

answer: Upper Street

text: Upper Street

question: What is the longest street for shopping,, housing many shops and department stores, in the United Kingdom?

answer: Oxford Street

text: Oxford Street

question: How long is Islington's Upper Street?

answer: 1 mile (1.6 km)

text: 1 mile (1.6 km)

question: What famous high-end department store is located on Oxford Street?

answer: Selfridges flagship store

text: Selfridges flagship store

question: Which world-renowned luxury department store is located in the borough of Knightsbridge?

answer: Harrods

text: Harrods


text: The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: declaration

text: by

text: Russia

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: not

text: turn

text: its

text: clocks

text: back

text: and

text: stay

text: in

text: DST

text: all

text: year

text: long

text: was

text: subsequently

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: similar

text: declaration

text: from

text: Belarus

text: The

text: plan

text: generated

text: widespread

text: complaints

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: dark

text: of

text: wintertime

text: morning

text: and

text: thus

text: was

text: abandoned

text: in

text: The

text: country

text: changed

text: its

text: clocks

text: to

text: Standard

text: Time

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: intends

text: to

text: stay

text: there

text: permanently

question: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back?

answer: 2011

question: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?

answer: Belarus

text: Belarus

question: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time?

answer: 2014


text: All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: All

text: major

text: web

text: browsers

text: allow

text: the

text: user

text: to

text: open

text: multiple

text: information

text: resources

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: either

text: in

text: different

text: browser

text: windows

text: or

text: in

text: different

text: tabs

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: window

text: Major

text: browsers

text: also

text: include

text: pop

text: up

text: blockers

text: to

text: prevent

text: unwanted

text: windows

text: from

text: popping

text: up

text: without

text: the

text: user

text: 's

text: consent

question: What does not allow windows to pop up without consent?

answer: pop-up blockers

text: pop-up blockers


text: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Report

text: by

text: UNDP

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: period

text: up

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: titled

text: Overcoming

text: barriers

text: Human

text: mobility

text: and

text: development

text: The

text: top

text: countries

text: by

text: HDI

text: were

text: grouped

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: category

text: called

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: The

text: report

text: refers

text: to

text: these

text: countries

text: as

text: developed

text: countries

text: They

text: are

question: On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?

answer: October 5, 2009

text: October 5, 2009

question: What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?

answer: period up to 2007

text: period up to 2007

question: What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?

answer: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development

text: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development

question: What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?

answer: very high human development

text: very high human development

question: How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?

answer: developed countries

text: developed countries


text: The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements. Besides the Crusades and monastic reforms, people sought to participate in new forms of religious life. New monastic orders were founded, including the Carthusians and the Cistercians. The latter especially expanded rapidly in their early years under the guidance of Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153). These new orders were formed in response to the feeling of the laity that Benedictine monasticism no longer met the needs of the laymen, who along with those wishing to enter the religious life wanted a return to the simpler hermetical monasticism of early Christianity, or to live an Apostolic life. Religious pilgrimages were also encouraged. Old pilgrimage sites such as Rome, Jerusalem, and Compostela received increasing numbers of visitors, and new sites such as Monte Gargano and Bari rose to prominence.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: great

text: religious

text: movements

text: Besides

text: the

text: Crusades

text: and

text: monastic

text: reforms

text: people

text: sought

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: new

text: forms

text: of

text: religious

text: life

text: New

text: monastic

text: orders

text: were

text: founded

text: including

text: the

text: Carthusians

text: and

text: the

text: Cistercians

text: The

text: latter

text: especially

text: expanded

text: rapidly

text: in

text: their

text: early

text: years

text: under

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: Bernard

text: of

text: Clairvaux

text: d.

text: These

text: new

text: orders

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: feeling

text: of

text: the

text: laity

text: that

text: Benedictine

text: monasticism

text: no

text: longer

text: met

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: laymen

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: those

text: wishing

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: religious

text: life

text: wanted

text: a

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: simpler

text: hermetical

text: monasticism

text: of

text: early

text: Christianity

text: or

text: to

text: live

text: an

text: Apostolic

text: life

text: Religious

text: pilgrimages

text: were

text: also

text: encouraged

text: Old

text: pilgrimage

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: Rome

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: Compostela

text: received

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: of

text: visitors

text: and

text: new

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: Monte

text: Gargano

text: and

text: Bari

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

question: What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?

answer: Cistercians

text: Cistercians

question: When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?

answer: 1153

question: Along with Bari, what was a notable new pilgrimage site in this era?

answer: Monte Gargano

text: Monte Gargano

question: Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?

answer: Compostela

text: Compostela

question: Along with the Cistercians, what new monastic order was founded in the High Middle Ages?

answer: Carthusians

text: Carthusians


text: Approximately 26,000 citizen soldiers, sailors, and airmen and women, trained to the level of and interchangeable with their Regular Force counterparts, and posted to CAF operations or duties on a casual or ongoing basis, make up the Primary Reserve. This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force – the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) – in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: Approximately

text: citizen

text: soldiers

text: sailors

text: and

text: airmen

text: and

text: women

text: trained

text: to

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: and

text: interchangeable

text: with

text: their

text: Regular

text: Force

text: counterparts

text: and

text: posted

text: to

text: CAF

text: operations

text: or

text: duties

text: on

text: a

text: casual

text: or

text: ongoing

text: basis

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: Primary

text: Reserve

text: This

text: group

text: is

text: represented

text: though

text: not

text: commanded

text: at

text: NDHQ

text: by

text: the

text: Chief

text: of

text: Reserves

text: and

text: Cadets

text: who

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: major

text: general

text: or

text: rear

text: admiral

text: and

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: components

text: that

text: are

text: each

text: operationally

text: and

text: administratively

text: responsible

text: to

text: its

text: corresponding

text: environmental

text: command

text: in

text: the

text: Regular

text: Force

text: the

text: Naval

text: Reserve

text: NAVRES

text: Land

text: Force

text: Reserve

text: LFR

text: and

text: Air

text: Reserve

text: AIRRES

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: one

text: force

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: fall

text: under

text: an

text: environmental

text: command

text: the

text: Health

text: Services

text: Reserve

text: under

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Health

text: Services

text: Group

question: Who commands the reserves?

answer: Chief of Reserves and Cadets

text: Chief of Reserves and Cadets

question: What are some of the components of the reserve force?

answer: the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)

text: the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)


text: In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: it

text: has

text: become

text: common

text: for

text: many

text: AC

text: stations

text: particularly

text: soft

text: AC

text: stations

text: to

text: play

text: primarily

text: or

text: exclusively

text: Christmas

text: music

text: during

text: the

text: Christmas

text: season

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: December

text: While

text: these

text: tend

text: mostly

text: to

text: be

text: contemporary

text: seasonal

text: recordings

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: few

text: artists

text: featured

text: under

text: the

text: normal

text: format

text: most

text: stations

text: will

text: also

text: air

text: some

text: vintage

text: holiday

text: tunes

text: from

text: older

text: pop

text: MOR

text: and

text: adult

text: standards

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Nat

text: King

text: Cole

text: Bing

text: Crosby

text: Dean

text: Martin

text: The

text: Carpenters

text: Percy

text: Faith

text: Johnny

text: Mathis

text: and

text: Andy

text: Williams

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: would

text: never

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: these

text: stations

text: during

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: year

question: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?

answer: soft AC

text: soft AC

question: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?

answer: November and December

text: November and December

question: Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?

answer: Johnny Mathis

text: Johnny Mathis


text:
Spanish Supreme Court is the highest court for all cases in Spain (both private and public). Only those cases related to human rights can be appealed at the Constitutional Court (which also decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution).
In Spain, high courts cannot create binding precedents; however, lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations. In most private law cases, two Supreme Court judgements supporting a claim are needed to appeal at the Supreme Court.
Five sections form the Spanish Supreme court:

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: Spanish

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: for

text: all

text: cases

text: in

text: Spain

text: both

text: private

text: and

text: public

text: Only

text: those

text: cases

text: related

text: to

text: human

text: rights

text: can

text: be

text: appealed

text: at

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: which

text: also

text: decides

text: about

text: acts

text: accordance

text: with

text: Spanish

text: Constitution

text: In

text: Spain

text: high

text: courts

text: can

text: not

text: create

text: binding

text: precedents

text: however

text: lower

text: rank

text: courts

text: usually

text: observe

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: interpretations

text: In

text: most

text: private

text: law

text: cases

text: two

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: judgements

text: supporting

text: a

text: claim

text: are

text: needed

text: to

text: appeal

text: at

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Five

text: sections

text: form

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Supreme

text: court

question: The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas?

answer: private and public

text: private and public

question: What types of cases can be appealed to Spain's Constitutional Court?

answer: those cases related to human rights

text: those cases related to human rights

question: What is the other power of this latter court?

answer: decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution

text: decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution

question: High courts in Spain do not establish what for lower court rulings?

answer: binding precedents

text: binding precedents

question: In practicality, how do lower courts typically view the rulings of higher courts?

answer: lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations

text: lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations


text: During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts". The intellect itself develops from a material intellect (al-'aql al-hayulani), which is a potentiality "that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-'aql al-fa'il), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge". So the immaterial "active intellect", separate from any individual person, is still essential for understanding to occur.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: tabula

text: rasa

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: Islamic

text: philosophers

text: starting

text: with

text: Al

text: Farabi

text: developing

text: into

text: an

text: elaborate

text: theory

text: by

text: Avicenna

text: and

text: demonstrated

text: as

text: a

text: thought

text: experiment

text: by

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: For

text: Avicenna

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: tabula

text: rasa

text: is

text: a

text: pure

text: potentiality

text: that

text: is

text: actualized

text: through

text: education

text: and

text: knowledge

text: is

text: attained

text: through

text: empirical

text: familiarity

text: with

text: objects

text: in

text: this

text: world

text: from

text: which

text: one

text: abstracts

text: universal

text: concepts

text: developed

text: through

text: a

text: syllogistic

text: method

text: of

text: reasoning

text: in

text: which

text: observations

text: lead

text: to

text: propositional

text: statements

text: which

text: when

text: compounded

text: lead

text: to

text: further

text: abstract

text: concepts

text: The

text: intellect

text: itself

text: develops

text: from

text: a

text: material

text: intellect

text: al-'aql

text: al

text: hayulani

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: potentiality

text: that

text: can

text: acquire

text: knowledge

text: to

text: the

text: active

text: intellect

text: al-'aql

text: al

text: fa'il

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: intellect

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: perfect

text: source

text: of

text: knowledge

text: So

text: the

text: immaterial

text: active

text: intellect

text: separate

text: from

text: any

text: individual

text: person

text: is

text: still

text: essential

text: for

text: understanding

text: to

text: occur

question: Whose idea was 'tabula rasa'?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: What religion was Al Farabi?

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

question: What does al-'aql al-hayulani mean?

answer: material intellect

text: material intellect

question: What does al-'aql al-fa'il mean?

answer: active intellect

text: active intellect

question: What is crucial for understanding?

answer: the immaterial "active intellect"

text: the immaterial "active intellect"


text: The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: The

text: Ptolemaic

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: a

text: powerful

text: Hellenistic

text: state

text: extending

text: from

text: southern

text: Syria

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: Cyrene

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: frontier

text: with

text: Nubia

text: Alexandria

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: and

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: Greek

text: culture

text: and

text: trade

text: To

text: gain

text: recognition

text: by

text: the

text: native

text: Egyptian

text: populace

text: they

text: named

text: themselves

text: as

text: the

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: Pharaohs

text: The

text: later

text: Ptolemies

text: took

text: on

text: Egyptian

text: traditions

text: had

text: themselves

text: portrayed

text: on

text: public

text: monuments

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: style

text: and

text: dress

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: religious

text: life

question: What were the reaches of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?

answer: Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia

text: Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia

question: What were leaders known as during Ptolemaic Kingdom?

answer: Pharaohs

text: Pharaohs

question: What was the capital in the Prolemaic Kingdom?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: What religious life was the Ptolemaic Kingdom?

answer: Egyptian

text: Egyptian


text: In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: Apple

text: sued

text: Microsoft

text: and

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: they

text: infringed

text: Apple

text: 's

text: copyrighted

text: GUI

text: citing

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: rectangular

text: overlapping

text: and

text: resizable

text: windows

text: After

text: four

text: years

text: the

text: case

text: was

text: decided

text: against

text: Apple

text: as

text: were

text: later

text: appeals

text: Apple

text: 's

text: actions

text: were

text: criticized

text: by

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: software

text: community

text: including

text: the

text: Free

text: Software

text: Foundation

text: FSF

text: who

text: felt

text: Apple

text: was

text: trying

text: to

text: monopolize

text: on

text: GUIs

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: boycotted

text: GNU

text: software

text: for

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: platform

text: for

text: seven

text: years

question: On what grounds did Apple sue Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard in 1988?

answer: they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI

text: they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI

question: How was the lawsuit decided for Apple vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard?

answer: against Apple

text: against Apple

question: How long did the FSF boycott GNU software for the Macintosh platform?

answer: seven years

text: seven years

question: What are some of the issues Apple cited in the lawsuit against Microsoft and HP?

answer: the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows

text: the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows

question: What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on?

answer: GUIs in general

text: GUIs in general


text: The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower. Flowers show remarkable variation in form and elaboration, and provide the most trustworthy external characteristics for establishing relationships among angiosperm species. The function of the flower is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds. The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf (where the petiole attaches to the stem). Occasionally, as in violets, a flower arises singly in the axil of an ordinary foliage-leaf. More typically, the flower-bearing portion of the plant is sharply distinguished from the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an inflorescence.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: The

text: characteristic

text: feature

text: of

text: angiosperms

text: is

text: the

text: flower

text: Flowers

text: show

text: remarkable

text: variation

text: in

text: form

text: and

text: elaboration

text: and

text: provide

text: the

text: most

text: trustworthy

text: external

text: characteristics

text: for

text: establishing

text: relationships

text: among

text: angiosperm

text: species

text: The

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: flower

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: fertilization

text: of

text: the

text: ovule

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: fruit

text: containing

text: seeds

text: The

text: floral

text: apparatus

text: may

text: arise

text: terminally

text: on

text: a

text: shoot

text: or

text: from

text: the

text: axil

text: of

text: a

text: leaf

text: where

text: the

text: petiole

text: attaches

text: to

text: the

text: stem

text: Occasionally

text: as

text: in

text: violets

text: a

text: flower

text: arises

text: singly

text: in

text: the

text: axil

text: of

text: an

text: ordinary

text: foliage

text: leaf

text: More

text: typically

text: the

text: flower

text: bearing

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: is

text: sharply

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: foliage

text: bearing

text: or

text: vegetative

text: portion

text: and

text: forms

text: a

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: elaborate

text: branch

text: system

text: called

text: an

text: inflorescence

question: What is the defining feature of angiosperms?

answer: flower

text: flower

question: What characteristic flowers show variation in?

answer: form and elaboration

text: form and elaboration

question: What do flowers provide the best external feature for doing?

answer: establishing relationships among angiosperm species

text: establishing relationships among angiosperm species

question: What is it the function of the flower to ensure fertilization of?

answer: the ovule

text: the ovule

question: What is the name of a branch system?

answer: inflorescence

text: inflorescence


text: The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unsusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools (music schools) with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over the country.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: The

text: reasons

text: for

text: the

text: strong

text: Swedish

text: dominance

text: are

text: as

text: explained

text: by

text: Richard

text: Sparks

text: manifold

text: suffice

text: to

text: say

text: here

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: long

text: standing

text: tradition

text: an

text: unsusually

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: populations

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: regularly

text: sing

text: in

text: choirs

text: the

text: Swedish

text: choral

text: director

text: Eric

text: Ericson

text: had

text: an

text: enormous

text: impact

text: on

text: a

text: cappella

text: choral

text: development

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: Sweden

text: but

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: finally

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: very

text: popular

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: music

text: schools

text: with

text: high

text: admission

text: standards

text: based

text: on

text: auditions

text: that

text: combine

text: a

text: rigid

text: academic

text: regimen

text: with

text: high

text: level

text: choral

text: singing

text: on

text: every

text: school

text: day

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: started

text: with

text: Adolf

text: Fredrik

text: 's

text: Music

text: School

text: in

text: Stockholm

text: in

text: but

text: has

text: spread

text: over

text: the

text: country

question: What is the name of the Swedish man known for being a large influence to a cappella across the world?

answer: Eric Ericson

text: Eric Ericson

question: Which music school began the implementation of high musical standards?

answer: Adolf Fredrik's Music School

text: Adolf Fredrik's Music School

question: What portion of the Swedish population engages in a cappella singing?

answer: 5%

question: Who describes the many reasons for Sweden's heavy involvement in a cappella?

answer: Richard Sparks

text: Richard Sparks


text: Major reductions in the cost of lighting occurred with the discovery of whale oil and kerosene. Gas lighting was economical enough to power street lights in major cities starting in the early 1800s, and was also used in some commercial buildings and in the homes of wealthy people. The gas mantle boosted the luminosity of utility lighting and of kerosene lanterns. The next major drop in price came about with the incandescent light bulb powered by electricity.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Major

text: reductions

text: in

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: lighting

text: occurred

text: with

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: whale

text: oil

text: and

text: kerosene

text: Gas

text: lighting

text: was

text: economical

text: enough

text: to

text: power

text: street

text: lights

text: in

text: major

text: cities

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: commercial

text: buildings

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: homes

text: of

text: wealthy

text: people

text: The

text: gas

text: mantle

text: boosted

text: the

text: luminosity

text: of

text: utility

text: lighting

text: and

text: of

text: kerosene

text: lanterns

text: The

text: next

text: major

text: drop

text: in

text: price

text: came

text: about

text: with

text: the

text: incandescent

text: light

text: bulb

text: powered

text: by

text: electricity

question: What type of lighting was powered by electricity?

answer: incandescent light

text: incandescent light

question: When did gas powered street lights became economically available.

answer: early 1800s

text: early 1800s


text: Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, "George Bush doesn't care about black people." At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment reached much of the United States.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Myers

text: spoke

text: next

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: read

text: the

text: script

text: Once

text: it

text: was

text: West

text: 's

text: turn

text: to

text: speak

text: again

text: he

text: said

text: George

text: Bush

text: does

text: n't

text: care

text: about

text: black

text: people

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: telethon

text: producer

text: Rick

text: Kaplan

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: microphone

text: and

text: then

text: cut

text: away

text: to

text: Chris

text: Tucker

text: who

text: was

text: unaware

text: of

text: the

text: cut

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: Still

text: West

text: 's

text: comment

text: reached

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement?

answer: Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker

text: Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker

question: Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people?

answer: George Bush

text: George Bush


text: Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: Library

text: founded

text: in

text: houses

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: volumes

text: of

text: printed

text: materials

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: library

text: in

text: China

text: after

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: in

text: Beijing

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: Library

text: Other

text: libraries

text: such

text: as

text: city

text: owned

text: Jinling

text: Library

text: and

text: various

text: district

text: libraries

text: also

text: provide

text: considerable

text: amount

text: of

text: information

text: to

text: citizens

text: Nanjing

text: University

text: Library

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: university

text: libraries

text: in

text: China

text: after

text: Peking

text: University

text: Library

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: nationwide

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: precious

text: collections

question: When was the Nanjing Library completed?

answer: 1907

question: What is the Nanjing Library's ranking in China?

answer: the third largest library in China

text: the third largest library in China

question: How many volumes does the Nanjing Library have?

answer: more than 10 million volumes

text: more than 10 million volumes

question: What is the name of the fifth largest library in China?

answer: Nanjing University Library

text: Nanjing University Library

question: Which university library is larger than Nanjing University Library?

answer: Peking University Library

text: Peking University Library


text: Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: Westminster

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: seat

text: of

text: learning

text: in

text: England

text: after

text: Oxford

text: and

text: Cambridge

text: It

text: was

text: here

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: James

text: Bible

text: Old

text: Testament

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: were

text: translated

text: The

text: New

text: English

text: Bible

text: was

text: also

text: put

text: together

text: here

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Westminster

text: suffered

text: minor

text: damage

text: during

text: the

text: Blitz

text: on

text: November

question: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?

answer: Oxford and Cambridge

text: Oxford and Cambridge

question: The first third of what was translated at the abbey?

answer: King James Bible Old Testament

text: King James Bible Old Testament

question: The last half of what was also translated at the abbey?

answer: New Testament

text: New Testament

question: The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?

answer: the Blitz

text: the Blitz


text: Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Egypt increased considerably before the removal of Hosni Mubarak, exceeding $6 billion in 2006, due to economic liberalisation and privatisation measures taken by minister of investment Mahmoud Mohieddin.[citation needed] Since the fall of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, Egypt has experienced a drastic fall in both foreign investment and tourism revenues, followed by a 60% drop in foreign exchange reserves, a 3% drop in growth, and a rapid devaluation of the Egyptian pound.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Foreign

text: direct

text: investment

text: FDI

text: in

text: Egypt

text: increased

text: considerably

text: before

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: Hosni

text: Mubarak

text: exceeding

text: billion

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: economic

text: liberalisation

text: and

text: privatisation

text: measures

text: taken

text: by

text: minister

text: of

text: investment

text: Mahmoud

text: Mohieddin.[citation

text: needed

text: Since

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Hosni

text: Mubarak

text: in

text: Egypt

text: has

text: experienced

text: a

text: drastic

text: fall

text: in

text: both

text: foreign

text: investment

text: and

text: tourism

text: revenues

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: drop

text: in

text: foreign

text: exchange

text: reserves

text: a

text: drop

text: in

text: growth

text: and

text: a

text: rapid

text: devaluation

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: pound

question: How much had FDI increased to in 2006?

answer: $6 billion

text: $6 billion

question: Since 2011 direction has Forign direct investment gone?

answer: drastic fall

text: drastic fall

question: What has been the change in foreign exhange reserves since 2011?

answer: 60% drop

text: 60% drop

question: What has been the overall growth of economy since 2011?

answer: 3% drop

text: 3% drop


text: The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: The

text: economy

text: of

text: Russia

text: became

text: heavily

text: industrialized

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: electricity

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: USSR

text: It

text: was

text: by

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: producer

text: of

text: petroleum

text: due

text: to

text: new

text: discoveries

text: in

text: the

text: Volga

text: Urals

text: region

text: and

text: Siberia

text: trailing

text: only

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: institutes

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: republic

text: providing

text: education

text: in

text: languages

text: to

text: some

text: students

text: A

text: network

text: of

text: territorially

text: organized

text: public

text: health

text: services

text: provided

text: health

text: care

text: After

text: the

text: restructuring

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: Gorbachev

text: administration

text: relatively

text: liberalised

text: the

text: economy

text: which

text: had

text: become

text: stagnant

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: non

text: state

text: owned

text: enterprises

text: such

text: as

text: cooperatives

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: market

text: policies

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: many

text: enterprises

text: and

text: total

text: instability

text: by

question: How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?

answer: two-thirds

text: two-thirds

question: What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?

answer: the United States and Saudi Arabia

text: the United States and Saudi Arabia

question: How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?

answer: 23,941,000

question: How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?

answer: 475

question: In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?

answer: 47


text: ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: ASPEC

text: was

text: the

text: joint

text: proposal

text: of

text: AT&T

text: Bell

text: Laboratories

text: Thomson

text: Consumer

text: Electronics

text: Fraunhofer

text: Society

text: and

text: CNET

text: It

text: provided

text: the

text: highest

text: coding

text: efficiency

question: What was the name given to the proposal?

answer: ASPEC

text: ASPEC

question: What did the joint proposal provide?

answer: the highest coding efficiency

text: the highest coding efficiency

question: Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal?

answer: AT&T Bell Laboratories

text: AT&T Bell Laboratories


text: That same year, the comedy Junior was released, the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and again co-starring Danny DeVito. This film brought him his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy. It was followed by the action thriller Eraser (1996), the Christmas comedy Jingle All The Way (1996), and the comic book-based Batman & Robin (1997), in which he played the villain Mr. Freeze. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the critical failure of Batman & Robin, his film career and box office prominence went into decline. He returned with the supernatural thriller End of Days (1999), later followed by the action films The 6th Day (2000) and Collateral Damage (2002), both of which failed to do well at the box office. In 2003, he made his third appearance as the title character in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which went on to earn over $150 million domestically.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: comedy

text: Junior

text: was

text: released

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: three

text: collaborations

text: with

text: Ivan

text: Reitman

text: and

text: again

text: co

text: starring

text: Danny

text: DeVito

text: This

text: film

text: brought

text: him

text: his

text: second

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: nomination

text: this

text: time

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: Musical

text: or

text: Comedy

text: It

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: action

text: thriller

text: Eraser

text: the

text: Christmas

text: comedy

text: Jingle

text: All

text: The

text: Way

text: and

text: the

text: comic

text: book

text: based

text: Batman

text: Robin

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: played

text: the

text: villain

text: Mr.

text: Freeze

text: This

text: was

text: his

text: final

text: film

text: before

text: taking

text: time

text: to

text: recuperate

text: from

text: a

text: back

text: injury

text: Following

text: the

text: critical

text: failure

text: of

text: Batman

text: Robin

text: his

text: film

text: career

text: and

text: box

text: office

text: prominence

text: went

text: into

text: decline

text: He

text: returned

text: with

text: the

text: supernatural

text: thriller

text: End

text: of

text: Days

text: later

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: action

text: films

text: The

text: Day

text: and

text: Collateral

text: Damage

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: failed

text: to

text: do

text: well

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: In

text: he

text: made

text: his

text: third

text: appearance

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: in

text: Terminator

text: Rise

text: of

text: the

text: Machines

text: which

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: earn

text: over

text: million

text: domestically

question: What was Schwarzenegger's second film with co-star Danny DeVito?

answer: Junior

text: Junior

question: How much did the third Terminator movie make domestically alone?

answer: $150 million

text: $150 million


text: Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the daily life of ordinary people; increasingly, research is set in settings such as scientific laboratories, social movements, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Since

text: the

text: it

text: has

text: become

text: common

text: for

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: anthropologists

text: to

text: set

text: ethnographic

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: region

text: frequently

text: examining

text: the

text: connections

text: between

text: locations

text: rather

text: than

text: limiting

text: research

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: locale

text: There

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: a

text: related

text: shift

text: toward

text: broadening

text: the

text: focus

text: beyond

text: the

text: daily

text: life

text: of

text: ordinary

text: people

text: increasingly

text: research

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: settings

text: such

text: as

text: scientific

text: laboratories

text: social

text: movements

text: governmental

text: and

text: nongovernmental

text: organizations

text: and

text: businesses

question: What has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s?

answer: set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region

text: set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region

question: Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what?

answer: research to a single locale

text: research to a single locale

question: What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond?

answer: daily life of ordinary people

text: daily life of ordinary people

question: What setting have anthropologists done more research in recently?

answer: scientific laboratories

text: scientific laboratories

question: Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in?

answer: research

text: research


text: The Punjabi kingdom, ruled by members of the Sikh religion, was a political entity that governed the region of modern-day Punjab. The empire, based around the Punjab region, existed from 1799 to 1849. It was forged, on the foundations of the Khalsa, under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) from an array of autonomous Punjabi Misls. He consolidated many parts of northern India into a kingdom. He primarily used his highly disciplined Sikh army that he trained and equipped to be the equal of a European force. Ranjit Singh proved himself to be a master strategist and selected well qualified generals for his army. In stages, he added the central Punjab, the provinces of Multan and Kashmir, the Peshawar Valley, and the Derajat to his kingdom. This came in the face of the powerful British East India Company. At its peak, in the 19th century, the empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, to Sindh in the south, running along Sutlej river to Himachal in the east. This was among the last areas of the subcontinent to be conquered by the British. The first Anglo-Sikh war and second Anglo-Sikh war marked the downfall of the Sikh Empire.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Punjabi

text: kingdom

text: ruled

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Sikh

text: religion

text: was

text: a

text: political

text: entity

text: that

text: governed

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Punjab

text: The

text: empire

text: based

text: around

text: the

text: Punjab

text: region

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: forged

text: on

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: the

text: Khalsa

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Maharaja

text: Ranjit

text: Singh

text: from

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: autonomous

text: Punjabi

text: Misls

text: He

text: consolidated

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: northern

text: India

text: into

text: a

text: kingdom

text: He

text: primarily

text: used

text: his

text: highly

text: disciplined

text: Sikh

text: army

text: that

text: he

text: trained

text: and

text: equipped

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: equal

text: of

text: a

text: European

text: force

text: Ranjit

text: Singh

text: proved

text: himself

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: master

text: strategist

text: and

text: selected

text: well

text: qualified

text: generals

text: for

text: his

text: army

text: In

text: stages

text: he

text: added

text: the

text: central

text: Punjab

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Multan

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: the

text: Peshawar

text: Valley

text: and

text: the

text: Derajat

text: to

text: his

text: kingdom

text: This

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: powerful

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: At

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: empire

text: extended

text: from

text: the

text: Khyber

text: Pass

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: Kashmir

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: Sindh

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: running

text: along

text: Sutlej

text: river

text: to

text: Himachal

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: This

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: last

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: to

text: be

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: The

text: first

text: Anglo

text: Sikh

text: war

text: and

text: second

text: Anglo

text: Sikh

text: war

text: marked

text: the

text: downfall

text: of

text: the

text: Sikh

text: Empire

question: Followers what religion were the rulers of the Punjabi Kingdom?

answer: Sikh religion

text: Sikh religion

question: What was the time span of the Punjabi Kingdom?

answer: 1799 to 1849

text: 1799 to 1849

question: Who was the leader of the Punjabis?

answer: Maharaja Ranjit Singh

text: Maharaja Ranjit Singh

question: On what was the disciplined force Singh relied?

answer: Sikh army

text: Sikh army

question: Who finally was able to conquer the Sikh Empire?

answer: British

text: British


text: During the Age of Enlightenment, Freemasons comprised an international network of like-minded men, often meeting in secret in ritualistic programs at their lodges. they promoted the ideals of the Enlightenment, and helped diffuse these values across Britain and France and other places. Freemasonry as a systematic creed with its own myths, values and set of rituals originated in Scotland around 1600 and spread first to England and then across the Continent in the eighteenth century. They fostered new codes of conduct – including a communal understanding of liberty and equality inherited from guild sociability – "liberty, fraternity, and equality" Scottish soldiers and Jacobite Scots brought to the Continent ideals of fraternity which reflected not the local system of Scottish customs but the institutions and ideals originating in the English Revolution against royal absolutism. Freemasonry was particularly prevalent in France – by 1789, there were perhaps as many as 100,000 French Masons, making Freemasonry the most popular of all Enlightenment associations. The Freemasons displayed a passion for secrecy and created new degrees and ceremonies. Similar societies, partially imitating Freemasonry, emerged in France, Germany, Sweden and Russia. One example was the "Illuminati" founded in Bavaria in 1776, which was copied after the Freemasons but was never part of the movement. The Illuminati was an overtly political group, which most Masonic lodges decidedly were not.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: During

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: Freemasons

text: comprised

text: an

text: international

text: network

text: of

text: like

text: minded

text: men

text: often

text: meeting

text: in

text: secret

text: in

text: ritualistic

text: programs

text: at

text: their

text: lodges

text: they

text: promoted

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: and

text: helped

text: diffuse

text: these

text: values

text: across

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: other

text: places

text: Freemasonry

text: as

text: a

text: systematic

text: creed

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: myths

text: values

text: and

text: set

text: of

text: rituals

text: originated

text: in

text: Scotland

text: around

text: and

text: spread

text: first

text: to

text: England

text: and

text: then

text: across

text: the

text: Continent

text: in

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: They

text: fostered

text: new

text: codes

text: of

text: conduct

text: including

text: a

text: communal

text: understanding

text: of

text: liberty

text: and

text: equality

text: inherited

text: from

text: guild

text: sociability

text: liberty

text: fraternity

text: and

text: equality

text: Scottish

text: soldiers

text: and

text: Jacobite

text: Scots

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: Continent

text: ideals

text: of

text: fraternity

text: which

text: reflected

text: not

text: the

text: local

text: system

text: of

text: Scottish

text: customs

text: but

text: the

text: institutions

text: and

text: ideals

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Revolution

text: against

text: royal

text: absolutism

text: Freemasonry

text: was

text: particularly

text: prevalent

text: in

text: France

text: by

text: there

text: were

text: perhaps

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: French

text: Masons

text: making

text: Freemasonry

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: of

text: all

text: Enlightenment

text: associations

text: The

text: Freemasons

text: displayed

text: a

text: passion

text: for

text: secrecy

text: and

text: created

text: new

text: degrees

text: and

text: ceremonies

text: Similar

text: societies

text: partially

text: imitating

text: Freemasonry

text: emerged

text: in

text: France

text: Germany

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Russia

text: One

text: example

text: was

text: the

text: Illuminati

text: founded

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: copied

text: after

text: the

text: Freemasons

text: but

text: was

text: never

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: movement

text: The

text: Illuminati

text: was

text: an

text: overtly

text: political

text: group

text: which

text: most

text: Masonic

text: lodges

text: decidedly

text: were

text: not

question: Where did Freemasonry originate?

answer: Scotland

text: Scotland

question: Where did Freemasonry first spread?

answer: England

text: England

question: In what country was Freemaonry particularly prevalent?

answer: France

text: France

question: What was the most popular of all Enlightenment associations?

answer: Freemasonry

text: Freemasonry

question: Which group was copied from the Freemasons and founded in Bavaria in 1776?

answer: Illuminati

text: Illuminati


text: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Richard

text: Hagopian

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: kef

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: Vosbikian

text: Band

text: was

text: notable

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: for

text: developing

text: their

text: own

text: style

text: of

text: kef

text: music

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: popular

text: American

text: Big

text: Band

text: Jazz

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Later

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: and

text: influenced

text: by

text: Continental

text: European

text: especially

text: French

text: pop

text: music

text: the

text: Armenian

text: pop

text: music

text: genre

text: grew

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Adiss

text: Harmandian

text: and

text: Harout

text: Pamboukjian

text: performing

text: to

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: and

text: Armenia

text: also

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Sirusho

text: performing

text: pop

text: music

text: combined

text: with

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: entertainment

text: industry

question: Who is the most well know kef artist?

answer: Richard Hagopian

text: Richard Hagopian

question: What type of music had the biggest impact on the kef of the Vosbikian Band?

answer: American Big Band Jazz

text: American Big Band Jazz

question: When did Armenian pop music become popular?

answer: the 1960s and 1970s

text: the 1960s and 1970s

question: Who were some Armenian pop artists?

answer: Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian

text: Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian


text: Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. The city's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois, Brightmoor, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, North End, and Osborn. Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts. Additionally, the city has cleared a 1,200-acre (490 ha) section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction, which the city is calling the Far Eastside Plan. In 2011, Mayor Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Public

text: funding

text: and

text: private

text: investment

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: made

text: with

text: promises

text: to

text: rehabilitate

text: neighborhoods

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: city

text: announced

text: a

text: stimulus

text: plan

text: to

text: create

text: jobs

text: and

text: revitalize

text: neighborhoods

text: financed

text: by

text: city

text: bonds

text: and

text: paid

text: for

text: by

text: earmarking

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: wagering

text: tax

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: working

text: plans

text: for

text: neighborhood

text: revitalizations

text: include

text: Livernois

text: Brightmoor

text: East

text: English

text: Village

text: Grand

text: River

text: Greenfield

text: North

text: End

text: and

text: Osborn

text: Private

text: organizations

text: have

text: pledged

text: substantial

text: funding

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: Additionally

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: cleared

text: a

text: ha

text: section

text: of

text: land

text: for

text: large

text: scale

text: neighborhood

text: construction

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: calling

text: the

text: Far

text: Eastside

text: Plan

text: In

text: Mayor

text: Bing

text: announced

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: categorize

text: neighborhoods

text: by

text: their

text: needs

text: and

text: prioritize

text: the

text: most

text: needed

text: services

text: for

text: those

text: neighborhoods

question: How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?

answer: $300-million

question: Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?

answer: Mayor Bing

text: Mayor Bing

question: What is the plan called that seeks to clear land for neighborhood construction?

answer: Far Eastside Plan

text: Far Eastside Plan

question: How many acres of land does the Far Eastside Plan seek to clear?

answer: 1,200

question: How was the 2008 stimulus plan payed for?

answer: earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax

text: earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax


text: The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: unifying

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: heartland

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Gelug

text: school

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: after

text: defeating

text: the

text: rival

text: Kagyu

text: and

text: Jonang

text: sects

text: and

text: the

text: secular

text: ruler

text: the

text: Tsangpa

text: prince

text: in

text: a

text: prolonged

text: civil

text: war

text: His

text: efforts

text: were

text: successful

text: in

text: part

text: because

text: of

text: aid

text: from

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: the

text: Oirat

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Khoshut

text: Khanate

text: With

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: as

text: a

text: largely

text: uninvolved

text: overlord

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: and

text: his

text: intimates

text: established

text: a

text: civil

text: administration

text: which

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: historians

text: as

text: the

text: Lhasa

text: state

text: This

text: Tibetan

text: regime

text: or

text: government

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Ganden

text: Phodrang

question: Who is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland?

answer: 5th Dalai Lama

text: 5th Dalai Lama

question: Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama?

answer: Güshi Khan

text: Güshi Khan

question: What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish?

answer: Lhasa state

text: Lhasa state

question: What is the Tibetan goverment referred to as?

answer: Ganden Phodrang

text: Ganden Phodrang


text: Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Stretching

text: west

text: from

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: for

text: approximately

text: miles

text: km

text: is

text: the

text: Ridge

text: and

text: Valley

text: region

text: in

text: which

text: numerous

text: tributaries

text: join

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: Valley

text: This

text: area

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: fertile

text: valleys

text: separated

text: by

text: wooded

text: ridges

text: such

text: as

text: Bays

text: Mountain

text: and

text: Clinch

text: Mountain

text: The

text: western

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: Valley

text: where

text: the

text: depressions

text: become

text: broader

text: and

text: the

text: ridges

text: become

text: lower

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Great

text: Valley

text: In

text: this

text: valley

text: are

text: numerous

text: towns

text: and

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: three

text: urban

text: areas

text: Knoxville

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: Chattanooga

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: third

text: urban

text: area

text: the

text: Tri

text: Cities

text: comprising

text: Bristol

text: Johnson

text: City

text: and

text: Kingsport

text: and

text: their

text: environs

text: is

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Knoxville

question: Approximately how many miles long is Tennessee's Ridge and Valley region?

answer: 55

question: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?

answer: the Great Valley

text: the Great Valley

question: Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest?

answer: Chattanooga

text: Chattanooga

question: Together, Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport are known by what name?

answer: the Tri-Cities

text: the Tri-Cities

question: What river forms in the Tennessee Valley?

answer: Tennessee River

text: Tennessee River


text: Before going to Iberia, Napoleon decided to address several lingering issues with the Russians. At the Congress of Erfurt in October 1808, Napoleon hoped to keep Russia on his side during the upcoming struggle in Spain and during any potential conflict against Austria. The two sides reached an agreement, the Erfurt Convention, that called upon Britain to cease its war against France, that recognized the Russian conquest of Finland from Sweden, and that affirmed Russian support for France in a possible war against Austria "to the best of its ability." Napoleon then returned to France and prepared for war. The Grande Armée, under the Emperor's personal command, rapidly crossed the Ebro River in November 1808 and inflicted a series of crushing defeats against the Spanish forces. After clearing the last Spanish force guarding the capital at Somosierra, Napoleon entered Madrid on 4 December with 80,000 troops. He then unleashed his soldiers against Moore and the British forces. The British were swiftly driven to the coast, and they withdrew from Spain entirely after a last stand at the Battle of Corunna in January 1809.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Before

text: going

text: to

text: Iberia

text: Napoleon

text: decided

text: to

text: address

text: several

text: lingering

text: issues

text: with

text: the

text: Russians

text: At

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Erfurt

text: in

text: October

text: Napoleon

text: hoped

text: to

text: keep

text: Russia

text: on

text: his

text: side

text: during

text: the

text: upcoming

text: struggle

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: during

text: any

text: potential

text: conflict

text: against

text: Austria

text: The

text: two

text: sides

text: reached

text: an

text: agreement

text: the

text: Erfurt

text: Convention

text: that

text: called

text: upon

text: Britain

text: to

text: cease

text: its

text: war

text: against

text: France

text: that

text: recognized

text: the

text: Russian

text: conquest

text: of

text: Finland

text: from

text: Sweden

text: and

text: that

text: affirmed

text: Russian

text: support

text: for

text: France

text: in

text: a

text: possible

text: war

text: against

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: its

text: ability

text: Napoleon

text: then

text: returned

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: prepared

text: for

text: war

text: The

text: Grande

text: Armée

text: under

text: the

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: personal

text: command

text: rapidly

text: crossed

text: the

text: Ebro

text: River

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: inflicted

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: crushing

text: defeats

text: against

text: the

text: Spanish

text: forces

text: After

text: clearing

text: the

text: last

text: Spanish

text: force

text: guarding

text: the

text: capital

text: at

text: Somosierra

text: Napoleon

text: entered

text: Madrid

text: on

text: December

text: with

text: troops

text: He

text: then

text: unleashed

text: his

text: soldiers

text: against

text: Moore

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: forces

text: The

text: British

text: were

text: swiftly

text: driven

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: and

text: they

text: withdrew

text: from

text: Spain

text: entirely

text: after

text: a

text: last

text: stand

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Corunna

text: in

text: January

question: At which 1808 meeting did Napoleon attempt to keep the Russians on his side for future conflicts?

answer: the Congress of Erfurt

text: the Congress of Erfurt

question: In what year was the Congress of Erfurt held?

answer: 1808

question: The Erfurt Convention insisted that Britain stop war against which nation?

answer: France

text: France

question: The Erfurt Convention recognized the Russian takeover of which formerly Swedish possession?

answer: Finland

text: Finland

question: When was the Battle of Corunna fought?

answer: January 1809

text: January 1809


text: He also developed Feynman diagrams, a bookkeeping device that helps in conceptualizing and calculating interactions between particles in spacetime, including the interactions between electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons. This device allowed him, and later others, to approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes. Feynman's mental picture for these diagrams started with the hard sphere approximation, and the interactions could be thought of as collisions at first. It was not until decades later that physicists thought of analyzing the nodes of the Feynman diagrams more closely. Feynman painted Feynman diagrams on the exterior of his van.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: He

text: also

text: developed

text: Feynman

text: diagrams

text: a

text: bookkeeping

text: device

text: that

text: helps

text: in

text: conceptualizing

text: and

text: calculating

text: interactions

text: between

text: particles

text: in

text: spacetime

text: including

text: the

text: interactions

text: between

text: electrons

text: and

text: their

text: antimatter

text: counterparts

text: positrons

text: This

text: device

text: allowed

text: him

text: and

text: later

text: others

text: to

text: approach

text: time

text: reversibility

text: and

text: other

text: fundamental

text: processes

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: mental

text: picture

text: for

text: these

text: diagrams

text: started

text: with

text: the

text: hard

text: sphere

text: approximation

text: and

text: the

text: interactions

text: could

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: collisions

text: at

text: first

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: decades

text: later

text: that

text: physicists

text: thought

text: of

text: analyzing

text: the

text: nodes

text: of

text: the

text: Feynman

text: diagrams

text: more

text: closely

text: Feynman

text: painted

text: Feynman

text: diagrams

text: on

text: the

text: exterior

text: of

text: his

text: van

question: What did Feynman produce that help in understanding calculations between particles in space and time?

answer: Feynman diagrams

text: Feynman diagrams

question: What is the name of the antimatter counterpart of electrons?

answer: positrons

text: positrons

question: Where did Feynman paint his diagrams?

answer: his van

text: his van

question: What did Feynman digrams allow him and others to do?

answer: approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes

text: approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes


text: Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a "small demonstration" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Thailand

text: The

text: April

text: relay

text: through

text: Bangkok

text: was

text: the

text: Olympic

text: flame

text: 's

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: Thailand

text: The

text: relay

text: covered

text: just

text: over

text: km

text: and

text: included

text: Bangkok

text: 's

text: Chinatown

text: The

text: torch

text: was

text: carried

text: past

text: Democracy

text: Monument

text: Chitralada

text: Palace

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: city

text: landmarks

text: M.R.

text: Narisa

text: Chakrabongse

text: Green

text: World

text: Foundation

text: GWF

text: chairwoman

text: withdrew

text: from

text: the

text: torch

text: running

text: ceremony

text: protesting

text: against

text: China

text: 's

text: actions

text: in

text: Tibet

text: Several

text: hundred

text: protesters

text: were

text: present

text: along

text: with

text: Olympic

text: supporters

text: Thai

text: authorities

text: threatened

text: to

text: arrest

text: foreign

text: protesters

text: and

text: ban

text: them

text: from

text: future

text: entry

text: into

text: Thailand

text: A

text: coalition

text: of

text: Thai

text: human

text: rights

text: groups

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: organise

text: a

text: small

text: demonstration

text: during

text: the

text: relay

text: and

text: several

text: hundred

text: people

text: did

text: indeed

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: protests

text: facing

text: Beijing

text: supporters

text: Intended

text: torchbearer

text: Mom

text: Rajawongse

text: Narissara

text: Chakrabongse

text: boycotted

text: the

text: relay

text: to

text: protest

text: against

text: China

text: 's

text: actions

text: in

text: Tibet

text: In

text: Bangkok

text: students

text: told

text: the

text: media

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Embassy

text: provided

text: them

text: with

text: transportation

text: and

text: gave

text: them

text: shirts

text: to

text: wear

question: When did the Olympic torch reach Bangkok?

answer: April 18

text: April 18

question: Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay?

answer: M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse

text: M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse

question: The media was told that the Chinese supplied with shirts and transportation?

answer: students

text: students

question: When did the torch go through Bankok?

answer: April 18

text: April 18

question: The relay route was a little over how many kilometers?

answer: 10

question: Who were told they would be banned from reentering Thailand?

answer: foreign protesters

text: foreign protesters

question: What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted?

answer: Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse

text: Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse


text: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: At

text: the

text: inception

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: in

text: just

text: eleven

text: players

text: named

text: in

text: the

text: starting

text: line

text: ups

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: of

text: matches

text: hailed

text: from

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: Ireland

text: By

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: foreign

text: players

text: participating

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: was

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: figure

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: per

text: cent

text: On

text: December

text: Chelsea

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Premier

text: League

text: side

text: to

text: field

text: an

text: entirely

text: foreign

text: starting

text: line

text: up

text: and

text: on

text: February

text: Arsenal

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: name

text: a

text: completely

text: foreign

text: squad

text: for

text: a

text: match

text: By

text: under

text: of

text: the

text: players

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: were

text: English

question: Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players?

answer: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,

text: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,

question: At the beginning of the Premier League how many foreign players were there for the first  round of games?

answer: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches

text: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches

question: By the 2000-1 season what was the percentage of foreign players?

answer: By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.

text: By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.

question: Which team in 2005 had all-foreign team players?

answer: on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match

text: on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match

question: In 2009, what percent of the players were English in the Premier League?

answer: By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

text: By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

question: How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: By 2000-01, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?

answer: 36

question: By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?

answer: 45

question: On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so?

answer: 26 December 1999

text: 26 December 1999

question: On which date did Arsenal name a fully foreign 16-man squad for a match?

answer: 14 February 2005

text: 14 February 2005


text: Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti. According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give to his leader, thus proving his bravery." However, Robert Louis Stevenson, who lived in Samoa from 1889 until his death in 1894, wrote in A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa, "… the Samoans are gentle people."

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Mission

text: work

text: in

text: Samoa

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: late

text: by

text: John

text: Williams

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Missionary

text: Society

text: arriving

text: in

text: Sapapali'i

text: from

text: The

text: Cook

text: Islands

text: and

text: Tahiti

text: According

text: to

text: Barbara

text: A.

text: West

text: The

text: Samoans

text: were

text: also

text: known

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: headhunting

text: a

text: ritual

text: of

text: war

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: warrior

text: took

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: his

text: slain

text: opponent

text: to

text: give

text: to

text: his

text: leader

text: thus

text: proving

text: his

text: bravery

text: However

text: Robert

text: Louis

text: Stevenson

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: Samoa

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: wrote

text: in

text: A

text: Footnote

text: to

text: History

text: Eight

text: Years

text: of

text: Trouble

text: in

text: Samoa

text: the

text: Samoans

text: are

text: gentle

text: people

question: Who was the first missionary in Samoa?

answer: John Williams

text: John Williams

question: What English organization did John Williams belong to?

answer: London Missionary Society

text: London Missionary Society

question: What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in?

answer: headhunting

text: headhunting

question: What notable author who lived in Samoa called the Samoans "gentle people"?

answer: Robert Louis Stevenson

text: Robert Louis Stevenson

question: In what year did Robert Louis Stevenson die?

answer: 1894


text: The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elaborated them into new forms, which resulted in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity. Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits and customs, and therefore, the empire has been described as a Persianate empire. Intercultural marriages also played their part in creating the characteristic Ottoman elite culture. When compared to the Turkish folk culture, the influence of these new cultures in creating the culture of the Ottoman elite was clear.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: Ottomans

text: absorbed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: traditions

text: art

text: and

text: institutions

text: of

text: cultures

text: in

text: the

text: regions

text: they

text: conquered

text: and

text: added

text: new

text: dimensions

text: to

text: them

text: Numerous

text: traditions

text: and

text: cultural

text: traits

text: of

text: previous

text: empires

text: in

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: architecture

text: cuisine

text: music

text: leisure

text: and

text: government

text: were

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: who

text: elaborated

text: them

text: into

text: new

text: forms

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: and

text: distinctively

text: Ottoman

text: cultural

text: identity

text: Despite

text: newer

text: added

text: amalgamations

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: dynasty

text: like

text: their

text: predecessors

text: in

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Rum

text: and

text: the

text: Seljuk

text: Empire

text: were

text: thoroughly

text: Persianised

text: in

text: their

text: culture

text: language

text: habits

text: and

text: customs

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: empire

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: Persianate

text: empire

text: Intercultural

text: marriages

text: also

text: played

text: their

text: part

text: in

text: creating

text: the

text: characteristic

text: Ottoman

text: elite

text: culture

text: When

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: Turkish

text: folk

text: culture

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: these

text: new

text: cultures

text: in

text: creating

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: elite

text: was

text: clear

question: The Ottoman dynasty was preceded by what sultanate?

answer: Sultanate of Rum

text: Sultanate of Rum

question: What is one way that the Empire was described as it related to culture?

answer: Persianate empire

text: Persianate empire

question: When the Ottoman empire conquered a region what also became a part of the empire?

answer: some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures

text: some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures

question: The Seljuk Empire was influenced by the cultures of others resulting in it being referred to as what?

answer: Persianised

text: Persianised


text: Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: international

text: air

text: transport

text: hub

text: with

text: the

text: busiest

text: airport

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: three

text: commercial

text: international

text: airports

text: Paris

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: Paris

text: Orly

text: and

text: Beauvais

text: Tillé

text: Together

text: these

text: three

text: airports

text: recorded

text: traffic

text: of

text: million

text: passengers

text: in

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: general

text: aviation

text: airport

text: Paris

text: Le

text: Bourget

text: historically

text: the

text: oldest

text: Parisian

text: airport

text: and

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: only

text: for

text: private

text: business

text: flights

text: and

text: air

text: shows

question: Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: How many passengers did Paris see in 2014?

answer: 96.5 million

text: 96.5 million

question: What is the oldest air port in Paris?

answer: Paris-Le Bourget

text: Paris-Le Bourget


text: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade.

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: Any

text: individual

text: made

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: for

text: gallantry

text: could

text: wear

text: an

text: emblem

text: of

text: two

text: crossed

text: silver

text: oak

text: leaves

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: riband

text: ribbon

text: or

text: bow

text: as

text: the

text: badge

text: It

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: awarded

text: posthumously

text: and

text: was

text: effectively

text: replaced

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Gallantry

text: Medal

text: If

text: recipients

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: for

text: Gallantry

text: received

text: promotion

text: within

text: the

text: Order

text: whether

text: for

text: gallantry

text: or

text: otherwise

text: they

text: continued

text: to

text: wear

text: also

text: the

text: insignia

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: grade

text: with

text: the

text: oak

text: leaves

text: However

text: they

text: only

text: used

text: the

text: post

text: nominal

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: grade

question: Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves?

answer: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry

text: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry

question: What year was it replaced?

answer: 1974

question: What was the emblem?

answer: two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge

text: two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge

question: What kind of medal was replaced in 1974?

answer: Queen's Gallantry Medal

text: Queen's Gallantry Medal

question: They continued to wear what the insignia of what?

answer: lower grade with the oak leaves

text: lower grade with the oak leaves


text: As an electro-magnetic wave travels through the different parts of the antenna system (radio, feed line, antenna, free space) it may encounter differences in impedance (E/H, V/I, etc.). At each interface, depending on the impedance match, some fraction of the wave's energy will reflect back to the source, forming a standing wave in the feed line. The ratio of maximum power to minimum power in the wave can be measured and is called the standing wave ratio (SWR). A SWR of 1:1 is ideal. A SWR of 1.5:1 is considered to be marginally acceptable in low power applications where power loss is more critical, although an SWR as high as 6:1 may still be usable with the right equipment. Minimizing impedance differences at each interface (impedance matching) will reduce SWR and maximize power transfer through each part of the antenna system.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: As

text: an

text: electro

text: magnetic

text: wave

text: travels

text: through

text: the

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: system

text: radio

text: feed

text: line

text: antenna

text: free

text: space

text: it

text: may

text: encounter

text: differences

text: in

text: impedance

text: E

text: H

text: V

text: I

text: etc

text: At

text: each

text: interface

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: impedance

text: match

text: some

text: fraction

text: of

text: the

text: wave

text: 's

text: energy

text: will

text: reflect

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: source

text: forming

text: a

text: standing

text: wave

text: in

text: the

text: feed

text: line

text: The

text: ratio

text: of

text: maximum

text: power

text: to

text: minimum

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: wave

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: and

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: standing

text: wave

text: ratio

text: SWR

text: A

text: SWR

text: of

text: is

text: ideal

text: A

text: SWR

text: of

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: marginally

text: acceptable

text: in

text: low

text: power

text: applications

text: where

text: power

text: loss

text: is

text: more

text: critical

text: although

text: an

text: SWR

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: may

text: still

text: be

text: usable

text: with

text: the

text: right

text: equipment

text: Minimizing

text: impedance

text: differences

text: at

text: each

text: interface

text: impedance

text: matching

text: will

text: reduce

text: SWR

text: and

text: maximize

text: power

text: transfer

text: through

text: each

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: system

question: What is one piece that makes up an antenna system?

answer: radio

text: radio

question: What is created by a portion of a radio waves energy reversing?

answer: standing wave

text: standing wave

question: A term that refers to the highs and lows of power in electro magnetic waves is?

answer: standing wave ratio

text: standing wave ratio

question: Impedance matching makes an important difference in what antenna function?

answer: power transfer

text: power transfer