text: Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest of Europe (including the Dutch Rhenish territories) and until 1871 as well as old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories between 1681 and 1871 are displayed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts. Old master graphic arts until 1871 is displayed in the Cabinet des estampes et dessins. Decorative arts until 1681 ("German period") are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, decorative arts from 1681 to 1871 ("French period") are displayed in the Musée des Arts décoratifs. International art (painting, sculpture, graphic arts) and decorative art since 1871 is displayed in the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain. The latter museum also displays the city's photographic library.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Unlike

text: most

text: other

text: cities

text: Strasbourg

text: 's

text: collections

text: of

text: European

text: art

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: several

text: museums

text: according

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: type

text: and

text: area

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: epoch

text: Old

text: master

text: paintings

text: from

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Rhenish

text: territories

text: and

text: until

text: are

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Musée

text: de

text: l'Œuvre

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: old

text: master

text: paintings

text: from

text: all

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: including

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Rhenish

text: territories

text: and

text: until

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: old

text: master

text: paintings

text: from

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Rhenish

text: territories

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Musée

text: des

text: Beaux

text: Arts

text: Old

text: master

text: graphic

text: arts

text: until

text: is

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: des

text: estampes

text: et

text: dessins

text: Decorative

text: arts

text: until

text: German

text: period

text: are

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Musée

text: de

text: l'Œuvre

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: decorative

text: arts

text: from

text: to

text: French

text: period

text: are

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Musée

text: des

text: Arts

text: décoratifs

text: International

text: art

text: painting

text: sculpture

text: graphic

text: arts

text: and

text: decorative

text: art

text: since

text: is

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Musée

text: d'art

text: moderne

text: et

text: contemporain

text: The

text: latter

text: museum

text: also

text: displays

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: photographic

text: library

question: Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held?

answer: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

text: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

question: Where are old master graphic arts until 1871 displayed?

answer: Cabinet des estampes et dessins

text: Cabinet des estampes et dessins

question: Where are decorative arts until 1681 displayed?

answer: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

text: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

question: Where is the city's photographic library?

answer: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain

text: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain

question: Where is the international art since 1871 displayed?

answer: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain

text: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain


text: New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: traces

text: its

text: roots

text: to

text: its

text: founding

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: post

text: by

text: colonists

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: and

text: was

text: named

text: New

text: Amsterdam

text: in

text: The

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: surroundings

text: came

text: under

text: English

text: control

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: until

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: since

text: The

text: Statue

text: of

text: Liberty

text: greeted

text: millions

text: of

text: immigrants

text: as

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: ship

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: globally

text: recognized

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: its

text: democracy

question: What was the trading post that preceded New York City called?

answer: New Amsterdam

text: New Amsterdam

question: What nation founded New Amsterdam?

answer: the Dutch Republic

text: the Dutch Republic

question: In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States?

answer: 1790

question: When did the English take over the area from the Dutch?

answer: 1664

question: In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States?

answer: 1790

question: When was New York City established?

answer: 1624

question: New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?

answer: 1626

question: The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?

answer: 1664

question: New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date?

answer: 1790


text: Palacio Salvo, at the intersection of 18 de Julio Avenue and Plaza Independencia, was designed by the architect Mario Palanti and completed in 1925. Palanti, an Italian immigrant living in Buenos Aires, used a similar design for his Palacio Barolo in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Palacio Salvo stands 100 metres (330 ft) high, including its antenna. It is built on the former site of the Confitería La Giralda, renowned for being where Gerardo Matos Rodríguez wrote his tango "La Cumparsita" (1917.) Palacio Salvo was originally intended to function as a hotel but is now a mixture of offices and private residences.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Palacio

text: Salvo

text: at

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: de

text: Julio

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Plaza

text: Independencia

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: architect

text: Mario

text: Palanti

text: and

text: completed

text: in

text: Palanti

text: an

text: Italian

text: immigrant

text: living

text: in

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: used

text: a

text: similar

text: design

text: for

text: his

text: Palacio

text: Barolo

text: in

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Argentina

text: Palacio

text: Salvo

text: stands

text: metres

text: ft

text: high

text: including

text: its

text: antenna

text: It

text: is

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: former

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Confitería

text: La

text: Giralda

text: renowned

text: for

text: being

text: where

text: Gerardo

text: Matos

text: Rodríguez

text: wrote

text: his

text: tango

text: La

text: Cumparsita

text: Palacio

text: Salvo

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: function

text: as

text: a

text: hotel

text: but

text: is

text: now

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: offices

text: and

text: private

text: residences

question: Who designed the Palacio Salvo?

answer: Mario Palanti

text: Mario Palanti

question: What year was the Palacio Salvo completed?

answer: 1925

question: How high does the Palacio Salvo stand?

answer: 100 metres (330 ft) high

text: 100 metres (330 ft) high


text: Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time.[citation needed]

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Following

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: arcade

text: game

text: successes

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Nintendo

text: made

text: plans

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: cartridge

text: based

text: console

text: called

text: the

text: Famicom

text: Masayuki

text: Uemura

text: designed

text: the

text: system

text: Original

text: plans

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: advanced

text: system

text: which

text: would

text: function

text: as

text: a

text: full

text: fledged

text: computer

text: with

text: a

text: keyboard

text: and

text: floppy

text: disk

text: drive

text: but

text: Nintendo

text: president

text: Hiroshi

text: Yamauchi

text: rejected

text: this

text: and

text: instead

text: decided

text: to

text: go

text: for

text: a

text: cheaper

text: more

text: conventional

text: cartridge

text: based

text: game

text: console

text: as

text: he

text: felt

text: that

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: keyboards

text: and

text: disks

text: were

text: intimidating

text: to

text: non

text: technophiles

text: A

text: test

text: model

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: October

text: to

text: verify

text: the

text: functionality

text: of

text: the

text: hardware

text: after

text: which

text: work

text: began

text: on

text: programming

text: tools

text: Because

text: CPUs

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: manufactured

text: or

text: sold

text: in

text: Japan

text: up

text: to

text: that

text: time

text: no

text: cross

text: development

text: software

text: was

text: available

text: and

text: it

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: produced

text: from

text: scratch

text: Early

text: Famicom

text: games

text: were

text: written

text: on

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: ran

text: on

text: an

text: NEC

text: computer

text: and

text: LEDs

text: on

text: a

text: grid

text: were

text: used

text: with

text: a

text: digitizer

text: to

text: design

text: graphics

text: as

text: no

text: software

text: design

text: tools

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: existed

text: at

text: that

text: time.[citation

text: needed

question: Who designed the Famicom system?

answer: Masayuki Uemura

text: Masayuki Uemura

question: The plans called for how many bits as a feature?

answer: 16

question: Who was the Nintendo president at the time?

answer: Hiroshi Yamauchi

text: Hiroshi Yamauchi

question: When was the test model constructed?

answer: October 1982

text: October 1982

question: Early Famicom games were written on what computer system?

answer: NEC PC-8001

text: NEC PC-8001


text: Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photomask on a clear mylar sheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the mylar and then traces were routed to connect the pads. Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints increased efficiency. Traces were made with self-adhesive tape. Pre-printed non-reproducing grids on the mylar assisted in layout. To fabricate the board, the finished photomask was photolithographically reproduced onto a photoresist coating on the blank copper-clad boards.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Initially

text: PCBs

text: were

text: designed

text: manually

text: by

text: creating

text: a

text: photomask

text: on

text: a

text: clear

text: mylar

text: sheet

text: usually

text: at

text: two

text: or

text: four

text: times

text: the

text: true

text: size

text: Starting

text: from

text: the

text: schematic

text: diagram

text: the

text: component

text: pin

text: pads

text: were

text: laid

text: out

text: on

text: the

text: mylar

text: and

text: then

text: traces

text: were

text: routed

text: to

text: connect

text: the

text: pads

text: Rub

text: on

text: dry

text: transfers

text: of

text: common

text: component

text: footprints

text: increased

text: efficiency

text: Traces

text: were

text: made

text: with

text: self

text: adhesive

text: tape

text: Pre

text: printed

text: non

text: reproducing

text: grids

text: on

text: the

text: mylar

text: assisted

text: in

text: layout

text: To

text: fabricate

text: the

text: board

text: the

text: finished

text: photomask

text: was

text: photolithographically

text: reproduced

text: onto

text: a

text: photoresist

text: coating

text: on

text: the

text: blank

text: copper

text: clad

text: boards

question: In the old PCB design method, what was used to connect component pin pads?

answer: traces

text: traces

question: What did PCB designers used to employ on a mylar sheet?

answer: photomask

text: photomask

question: What were traces originally made out of?

answer: self-adhesive tape

text: self-adhesive tape

question: Designers would rub on a dry transfer of what to make the process of laying out components simpler?

answer: common component footprints

text: common component footprints

question: What kind of metal coated the blank boards used to make PCBs?

answer: copper

text: copper


text: In the United States, there was a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa. The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 in Washington, DC for this purpose, by a group of prominent politicians and slaveholders. But its membership grew to include mostly people who supported abolition of slavery. Slaveholders wanted to get free people of color out of the South, where they were thought to threaten the stability of the slave societies. Some abolitionists collaborated on relocation of free blacks, as they were discouraged by discrimination against them in the North and believed they would never be accepted in the larger society. Most African Americans, who were native-born by this time, wanted to improve conditions in the United States rather than emigrate. Leading activists in the North strongly opposed the ACS, but some free blacks were ready to try a different environment.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: movement

text: to

text: resettle

text: American

text: free

text: blacks

text: and

text: freed

text: slaves

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: American

text: Colonization

text: Society

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Washington

text: DC

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: prominent

text: politicians

text: and

text: slaveholders

text: But

text: its

text: membership

text: grew

text: to

text: include

text: mostly

text: people

text: who

text: supported

text: abolition

text: of

text: slavery

text: Slaveholders

text: wanted

text: to

text: get

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: thought

text: to

text: threaten

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: the

text: slave

text: societies

text: Some

text: abolitionists

text: collaborated

text: on

text: relocation

text: of

text: free

text: blacks

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: discouraged

text: by

text: discrimination

text: against

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: believed

text: they

text: would

text: never

text: be

text: accepted

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: society

text: Most

text: African

text: Americans

text: who

text: were

text: native

text: born

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: wanted

text: to

text: improve

text: conditions

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: rather

text: than

text: emigrate

text: Leading

text: activists

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: the

text: ACS

text: but

text: some

text: free

text: blacks

text: were

text: ready

text: to

text: try

text: a

text: different

text: environment

question: What is "the american colonization society"?

answer: a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa.

text: a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa.

question: When was the "american colonization society founded"?

answer: 1816

question: The "american colonization society" consisted mostly of whom"

answer: people who supported abolition of slavery

text: people who supported abolition of slavery

question: What did slave holders want to do?

answer: to get free people of color out of the South

text: to get free people of color out of the South

question: rather than emigrate African Americans wanted to do what?

answer: improve conditions in the United States

text: improve conditions in the United States


text: The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: global

text: dog

text: population

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: transparent

text: methodology

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: other

text: estimates

text: where

text: the

text: methodology

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: made

text: available

text: all

text: dog

text: population

text: estimates

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: regional

text: human

text: population

text: densities

text: and

text: land

text: uses

question: What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet?

answer: 525 million

text: 525 million

question: How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?

answer: 525 million

text: 525 million

question: What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses?

answer: human population densities

text: human population densities


text: Alexis de Tocqueville described the French Revolution as the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment. These men of letters constituted a sort of "substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power". This illusory power came from the rise of "public opinion", born when absolutist centralization removed the nobility and the bourgeoisie from the political sphere. The "literary politics" that resulted promoted a discourse of equality and was hence in fundamental opposition to the monarchical regime. De Tocqueville "clearly designates ... the cultural effects of transformation in the forms of the exercise of power". Nevertheless, it took another century before cultural approach became central to the historiography, as typified by Robert Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775–1800 (1979).

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Alexis

text: de

text: Tocqueville

text: described

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: as

text: the

text: inevitable

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: radical

text: opposition

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: These

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: constituted

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: substitute

text: aristocracy

text: that

text: was

text: both

text: all

text: powerful

text: and

text: without

text: real

text: power

text: This

text: illusory

text: power

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: public

text: opinion

text: born

text: when

text: absolutist

text: centralization

text: removed

text: the

text: nobility

text: and

text: the

text: bourgeoisie

text: from

text: the

text: political

text: sphere

text: The

text: literary

text: politics

text: that

text: resulted

text: promoted

text: a

text: discourse

text: of

text: equality

text: and

text: was

text: hence

text: in

text: fundamental

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: monarchical

text: regime

text: De

text: Tocqueville

text: clearly

text: designates

text: the

text: cultural

text: effects

text: of

text: transformation

text: in

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: power

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: took

text: another

text: century

text: before

text: cultural

text: approach

text: became

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: historiography

text: as

text: typified

text: by

text: Robert

text: Darnton

text: The

text: Business

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: A

text: Publishing

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

question: How did Alexis de Tocqueville describe the French Revolution?

answer: the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment

text: the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment

question: Which group was considered "a substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power" according to Tocqueville?

answer: men of letters

text: men of letters

question: From where did Tocqueville believe the illusory power of the men of letters came from?

answer: the rise of "public opinion"

text: the rise of "public opinion"


text: In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds.

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: In

text: October

text: Albert

text: went

text: up

text: to

text: Trinity

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: where

text: he

text: studied

text: history

text: economics

text: and

text: civics

text: for

text: a

text: year

text: On

text: June

text: he

text: was

text: created

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: Earl

text: of

text: Inverness

text: and

text: Baron

text: Killarney

text: He

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: more

text: royal

text: duties

text: He

text: represented

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: toured

text: coal

text: mines

text: factories

text: and

text: railyards

text: Through

text: such

text: visits

text: he

text: acquired

text: the

text: nickname

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Prince

text: His

text: stammer

text: and

text: his

text: embarrassment

text: over

text: it

text: together

text: with

text: his

text: tendency

text: to

text: shyness

text: caused

text: him

text: to

text: appear

text: much

text: less

text: impressive

text: than

text: his

text: older

text: brother

text: Edward

text: However

text: he

text: was

text: physically

text: active

text: and

text: enjoyed

text: playing

text: tennis

text: He

text: played

text: at

text: Wimbledon

text: in

text: the

text: Men

text: 's

text: Doubles

text: with

text: Louis

text: Greig

text: in

text: losing

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: He

text: developed

text: an

text: interest

text: in

text: working

text: conditions

text: and

text: was

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Welfare

text: Society

text: His

text: series

text: of

text: annual

text: summer

text: camps

text: for

text: boys

text: between

text: and

text: brought

text: together

text: boys

text: from

text: different

text: social

text: backgrounds

question: What did Albert study in Trinity College?

answer: history, economics and civics

text: history, economics and civics

question: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?

answer: Industrial Prince

text: Industrial Prince

question: Who is Albert's older brother?

answer: Edward

text: Edward

question: Which sport was Albert proficient at?

answer: tennis

text: tennis

question: Which society was Albert the president of?

answer: Industrial Welfare Society

text: Industrial Welfare Society


text: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Exclusive

text: Jurisdiction

text: is

text: a

text: concept

text: whereby

text: only

text: one

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: will

text: be

text: recognised

text: in

text: any

text: geographical

text: area

text: If

text: two

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: claim

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: the

text: same

text: area

text: the

text: other

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: will

text: have

text: to

text: choose

text: between

text: them

text: and

text: they

text: may

text: not

text: all

text: decide

text: to

text: recognise

text: the

text: same

text: one

text: In

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: rival

text: factions

text: each

text: claiming

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: legitimate

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: Other

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: had

text: to

text: choose

text: between

text: them

text: until

text: the

text: schism

text: was

text: healed

text: Exclusive

text: Jurisdiction

text: can

text: be

text: waived

text: when

text: the

text: two

text: over

text: lapping

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: are

text: themselves

text: in

text: Amity

text: and

text: agree

text: to

text: share

text: jurisdiction

text: for

text: example

text: since

text: the

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: is

text: in

text: Amity

text: with

text: the

text: Prince

text: Hall

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: Exclusive

text: Jurisdiction

text: does

text: not

text: apply

text: and

text: other

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: may

text: recognise

text: both

question: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction?

answer: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area

text: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area

question: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?

answer: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them

text: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them

question: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction?

answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived

text: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived

question: If two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to waive Exclusive Jurisdiction, who must the other Grand Lodges recognize?

answer: recognise both

text: recognise both

question: What must other Grand Lodges do if two over-lapping Grand Lodges cannot agree to share the territory?

answer: choose between them

text: choose between them

question: What concept only recognizes one Grand Lodge in a given geographical area?

answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction

text: Exclusive Jurisdiction

question: In what year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into two separate rival factions?

answer: 1849

question: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?

answer: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction

text: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction


text: Adolescence (from Latin adolescere, meaning "to grow up") is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority). The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, though its physical, psychological and cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later. For example, although puberty has been historically associated with the onset of adolescent development, it now typically begins prior to the teenage years and there has been a normative shift of it occurring in preadolescence, particularly in females (see precocious puberty). Physical growth, as distinct from puberty (particularly in males), and cognitive development generally seen in adolescence, can also extend into the early twenties. Thus chronological age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Adolescence

text: from

text: Latin

text: adolescere

text: meaning

text: to

text: grow

text: up

text: is

text: a

text: transitional

text: stage

text: of

text: physical

text: and

text: psychological

text: human

text: development

text: that

text: generally

text: occurs

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: puberty

text: to

text: legal

text: adulthood

text: age

text: of

text: majority

text: The

text: period

text: of

text: adolescence

text: is

text: most

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: teenage

text: years

text: though

text: its

text: physical

text: psychological

text: and

text: cultural

text: expressions

text: may

text: begin

text: earlier

text: and

text: end

text: later

text: For

text: example

text: although

text: puberty

text: has

text: been

text: historically

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: adolescent

text: development

text: it

text: now

text: typically

text: begins

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: teenage

text: years

text: and

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: normative

text: shift

text: of

text: it

text: occurring

text: in

text: preadolescence

text: particularly

text: in

text: females

text: see

text: precocious

text: puberty

text: Physical

text: growth

text: as

text: distinct

text: from

text: puberty

text: particularly

text: in

text: males

text: and

text: cognitive

text: development

text: generally

text: seen

text: in

text: adolescence

text: can

text: also

text: extend

text: into

text: the

text: early

text: twenties

text: Thus

text: chronological

text: age

text: provides

text: only

text: a

text: rough

text: marker

text: of

text: adolescence

text: and

text: scholars

text: have

text: found

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: agree

text: upon

text: a

text: precise

text: definition

text: of

text: adolescence

question: From which language does the word "adolescence" originate?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What is the Latin meaning of the word "adolescere"?

answer: to grow up

text: to grow up

question: What is another term for legal adulthood?

answer: age of majority

text: age of majority

question: Physical growth and cognitive development generally observed in adolescents can extend to what age?

answer: early twenties

text: early twenties


text: Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Department

text: stores

text: today

text: have

text: sections

text: that

text: sell

text: the

text: following

text: clothing

text: furniture

text: home

text: appliances

text: toys

text: cosmetics

text: gardening

text: toiletries

text: sporting

text: goods

text: do

text: it

text: yourself

text: paint

text: and

text: hardware

text: and

text: additionally

text: select

text: other

text: lines

text: of

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: food

text: books

text: jewelry

text: electronics

text: stationery

text: photographic

text: equipment

text: baby

text: products

text: and

text: products

text: for

text: pets

text: Customers

text: check

text: out

text: near

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: store

text: or

text: alternatively

text: at

text: sales

text: counters

text: within

text: each

text: department

text: Some

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: retail

text: chain

text: of

text: many

text: stores

text: while

text: others

text: may

text: be

text: independent

text: retailers

text: In

text: the

text: they

text: came

text: under

text: heavy

text: pressure

text: from

text: discounters

text: Since

text: they

text: have

text: come

text: under

text: even

text: heavier

text: pressure

text: from

text: online

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: Amazon

question: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?

answer: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods

text: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods

question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's?

answer: discounters

text: discounters

question: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years?

answer: online stores such as Amazon.

text: online stores such as Amazon.

question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?

answer: at sales counters within each department.

text: at sales counters within each department.


text: Global agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, give "sovereign national rights over biological resources" (not property). The agreements commit countries to "conserve biodiversity", "develop resources for sustainability" and "share the benefits" resulting from their use. Biodiverse countries that allow bioprospecting or collection of natural products, expect a share of the benefits rather than allowing the individual or institution that discovers/exploits the resource to capture them privately. Bioprospecting can become a type of biopiracy when such principles are not respected.[citation needed]

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Global

text: agreements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: Biological

text: Diversity

text: give

text: sovereign

text: national

text: rights

text: over

text: biological

text: resources

text: not

text: property

text: The

text: agreements

text: commit

text: countries

text: to

text: conserve

text: biodiversity

text: develop

text: resources

text: for

text: sustainability

text: and

text: share

text: the

text: benefits

text: resulting

text: from

text: their

text: use

text: Biodiverse

text: countries

text: that

text: allow

text: bioprospecting

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: natural

text: products

text: expect

text: a

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: benefits

text: rather

text: than

text: allowing

text: the

text: individual

text: or

text: institution

text: that

text: discovers

text: exploits

text: the

text: resource

text: to

text: capture

text: them

text: privately

text: Bioprospecting

text: can

text: become

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: biopiracy

text: when

text: such

text: principles

text: are

text: not

text: respected.[citation

text: needed

question: What global agreement gives sovereign national rights over biological resources?

answer: the Convention on Biological Diversity

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What agreement commits countries to conserve biodiversity?

answer: the Convention on Biological Diversity

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What agreement commits countries to develop resources for sustainability?

answer: the Convention on Biological Diversity

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What is the process of collecting natural products?

answer: bioprospecting

text: bioprospecting


text: A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target under the U.N. Security Council resolution. U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said that NATO was "not targeting Gaddafi specifically" but that his command-and-control facilities were legitimate targets—including a facility inside his sprawling Tripoli compound that was hit with airstrikes on 25 April.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: A

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: no

text: fly

text: zone

text: NATO

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: enforced

text: On

text: April

text: a

text: NATO

text: airstrike

text: killed

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: sixth

text: son

text: and

text: three

text: of

text: his

text: grandsons

text: in

text: Tripoli

text: though

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: were

text: unharmed

text: Western

text: officials

text: remained

text: divided

text: over

text: whether

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: a

text: legitimate

text: military

text: target

text: under

text: the

text: U.N.

text: Security

text: Council

text: resolution

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: Robert

text: Gates

text: said

text: that

text: NATO

text: was

text: not

text: targeting

text: Gaddafi

text: specifically

text: but

text: that

text: his

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: facilities

text: were

text: legitimate

text: targets

text: including

text: a

text: facility

text: inside

text: his

text: sprawling

text: Tripoli

text: compound

text: that

text: was

text: hit

text: with

text: airstrikes

text: on

text: April

question: On what date did NATO kill Gaddafi's son?

answer: 30 April

text: 30 April

question: At the time of these events, what was Robert Gates' title?

answer: Secretary of Defense

text: Secretary of Defense

question: What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?

answer: NATO

text: NATO

question: What city did NATO bomb on 25 April?

answer: Tripoli

text: Tripoli


text: The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers In the fourth century the First Council of Nicaea (325) calls canons the disciplinary measures of the Church: the term canon, κανὠν, means in Greek, a rule. There is a very early distinction between the rules enacted by the Church and the legislative measures taken by the State called leges, Latin for laws.

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: The

text: Apostolic

text: Canons

text: or

text: Ecclesiastical

text: Canons

text: of

text: the

text: Same

text: Holy

text: Apostles

text: is

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: ancient

text: ecclesiastical

text: decrees

text: eighty

text: five

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: fifty

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Church

text: concerning

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: discipline

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Christian

text: Church

text: incorporated

text: with

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Constitutions

text: which

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ante

text: Nicene

text: Fathers

text: In

text: the

text: fourth

text: century

text: the

text: First

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: calls

text: canons

text: the

text: disciplinary

text: measures

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: the

text: term

text: canon

text: κανὠν

text: means

text: in

text: Greek

text: a

text: rule

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: early

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: rules

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: legislative

text: measures

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: called

text: leges

text: Latin

text: for

text: laws

question: How many ancient canons exist in the Eastern Church?

answer: eighty-five

text: eighty-five

question: How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church?

answer: fifty

text: fifty

question: What is another term for Apostolic Canons?

answer: Ecclesiastical Canons

text: Ecclesiastical Canons

question: When was the First Council of Nicaea held?

answer: 325

question: What is the Greek definition of κανὠν?

answer: a rule

text: a rule


text: Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Ethnocentrism

text: tribalism

text: religious

text: persecution

text: and

text: prebendalism

text: have

text: affected

text: Nigerian

text: politics

text: both

text: prior

text: and

text: subsequent

text: to

text: independence

text: in

text: Kin

text: selective

text: altruism

text: has

text: made

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: Nigerian

text: politics

text: resulting

text: in

text: tribalist

text: efforts

text: to

text: concentrate

text: Federal

text: power

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: region

text: of

text: their

text: interests

text: Nationalism

text: has

text: also

text: led

text: to

text: active

text: secessionist

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: MASSOB

text: Nationalist

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: Oodua

text: Peoples

text: Congress

text: Movement

text: for

text: the

text: Emancipation

text: of

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: and

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: three

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Hausa

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: have

text: maintained

text: historical

text: preeminence

text: in

text: Nigerian

text: politics

text: competition

text: amongst

text: these

text: three

text: groups

text: has

text: fuelled

text: corruption

text: and

text: graft

question: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?

answer: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba

text: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba

question: When did Nigeria get independence?

answer: 1960

question: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?

answer: MASSOB

text: MASSOB

question: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?

answer: Oodua Peoples Congress

text: Oodua Peoples Congress


text: Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of the voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the areolae, and elevation of the nipples. The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages, named after the British pediatrician who devised the categorization system.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Changes

text: in

text: secondary

text: sex

text: characteristics

text: include

text: every

text: change

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: In

text: males

text: these

text: changes

text: involve

text: appearance

text: of

text: pubic

text: facial

text: and

text: body

text: hair

text: deepening

text: of

text: the

text: voice

text: roughening

text: of

text: the

text: skin

text: around

text: the

text: upper

text: arms

text: and

text: thighs

text: and

text: increased

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: sweat

text: glands

text: In

text: females

text: secondary

text: sex

text: changes

text: involve

text: elevation

text: of

text: the

text: breasts

text: widening

text: of

text: the

text: hips

text: development

text: of

text: pubic

text: and

text: underarm

text: hair

text: widening

text: of

text: the

text: areolae

text: and

text: elevation

text: of

text: the

text: nipples

text: The

text: changes

text: in

text: secondary

text: sex

text: characteristics

text: that

text: take

text: place

text: during

text: puberty

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: five

text: Tanner

text: stages

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: British

text: pediatrician

text: who

text: devised

text: the

text: categorization

text: system

question: What is a secondary sex characteristic change?

answer: every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction

text: every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction

question: How many Tanner stages are there?

answer: five

text: five

question: What was the occupation of the person who devised the Tanner categorization system?

answer: pediatrician

text: pediatrician

question: Elevation of the breasts, development of pubic hair, and elevation of the nippes are examples of what type of changes?

answer: Changes in secondary sex characteristics

text: Changes in secondary sex characteristics

question: Is deepening of the voice in males a primary or secondary sex characteristic?

answer: secondary

text: secondary


text: Differences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others.  While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Theotokos, one of their 12 Great Feasts. Protestants do not celebrate this, or any other Marian feasts.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Differences

text: in

text: feasts

text: may

text: also

text: originate

text: from

text: doctrinal

text: issues

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: the

text: Assumption

text: is

text: such

text: an

text: example

text: Given

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: agreement

text: among

text: all

text: Christians

text: on

text: the

text: circumstances

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: Dormition

text: or

text: Assumption

text: of

text: Mary

text: the

text: feast

text: of

text: assumption

text: is

text: celebrated

text: among

text: some

text: denominations

text: and

text: not

text: others

text: While

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: celebrates

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: the

text: Assumption

text: on

text: August

text: some

text: Eastern

text: Catholics

text: celebrate

text: it

text: as

text: Dormition

text: of

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: and

text: may

text: do

text: so

text: on

text: August

text: if

text: they

text: follow

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: also

text: celebrate

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: Dormition

text: of

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: Great

text: Feasts

text: Protestants

text: do

text: not

text: celebrate

text: this

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: Marian

text: feasts

question: On what date does the Catholic Church celebrate the Feast of the Assumption?

answer: August 15

text: August 15

question: What do Eastern Catholics call the Feast of the Assumption?

answer: Dormition of the Theotokos

text: Dormition of the Theotokos

question: On what date of the Julian calendar do Eastern Catholics celebrate the Domition of the Theotokos?

answer: August 28

text: August 28

question: How many Great Feasts does the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrate?

answer: 12

question: Do Protestants celebrate Marian feasts or not?

answer: do not

text: do not


text: During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: Paris

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: and

text: subject

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: greatest

text: writers

text: including

text: Charles

text: Baudelaire

text: Stéphane

text: Mallarmé

text: Mérimée

text: Alfred

text: de

text: Musset

text: Marcel

text: Proust

text: Émile

text: Zola

text: Alexandre

text: Dumas

text: Gustave

text: Flaubert

text: Guy

text: de

text: Maupassant

text: and

text: Honoré

text: de

text: Balzac

text: Victor

text: Hugo

text: 's

text: The

text: Hunchback

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: inspired

text: the

text: renovation

text: of

text: its

text: setting

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: Another

text: of

text: Victor

text: Hugo

text: 's

text: works

text: Les

text: Misérables

text: written

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: exile

text: outside

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Empire

text: described

text: the

text: social

text: change

text: and

text: political

text: turmoil

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: of

text: all

text: French

text: writers

text: Jules

text: Verne

text: worked

text: at

text: the

text: Theatre

text: Lyrique

text: and

text: the

text: Paris

text: stock

text: exchange

text: while

text: he

text: did

text: research

text: for

text: his

text: stories

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Library

question: What book inspired the renovation of Notre Dame?

answer: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

question: Who wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame?

answer: Victor Hugo

text: Victor Hugo

question: During what period of time was Victor Hugo exiled from France?

answer: Second Empire

text: Second Empire

question: Where did Jules Verne work during the day?

answer: Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange

text: Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange

question: Where did Jules Verne do research for his stories?

answer: National Library

text: National Library


text: Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar Plateau in the north. Agriculture is the chief source of income and employment in Punjab; wheat and cotton are the principal crops. Since independence, Punjab has become the seat of political and economic power; it remains the most industrialised province of Pakistan. It counts for 39.2% of large scale manufacturing and 70% of small scale manufacturing in the country. Its capital Lahore is a major regional cultural, historical, and economic centre.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Punjab

text: 's

text: geography

text: mostly

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: alluvial

text: plain

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: River

text: and

text: its

text: four

text: major

text: tributaries

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: the

text: Jhelum

text: Chenab

text: Ravi

text: and

text: Sutlej

text: rivers

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: mountainous

text: regions

text: including

text: the

text: Sulaiman

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: and

text: Margalla

text: Hills

text: Salt

text: Range

text: and

text: Pothohar

text: Plateau

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: source

text: of

text: income

text: and

text: employment

text: in

text: Punjab

text: wheat

text: and

text: cotton

text: are

text: the

text: principal

text: crops

text: Since

text: independence

text: Punjab

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: power

text: it

text: remains

text: the

text: most

text: industrialised

text: province

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: It

text: counts

text: for

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: of

text: small

text: scale

text: manufacturing

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Its

text: capital

text: Lahore

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: regional

text: cultural

text: historical

text: and

text: economic

text: centre

question: What plain is Punjab in?

answer: the alluvial plain of the Indus River

text: the alluvial plain of the Indus River

question: What are the Indus River's tributaries?

answer: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers

text: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers

question: How much of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?

answer: 39.2%

question: How much of Pakistan's small-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?

answer: 70%

question: What crops does Punjab grow?

answer: wheat and cotton

text: wheat and cotton


text: Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements. That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting. For his career accomplishments, service to others, and dedication to a new merit badge Spielberg was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Drawing

text: from

text: his

text: own

text: experiences

text: in

text: Scouting

text: Spielberg

text: helped

text: the

text: Boy

text: Scouts

text: of

text: America

text: develop

text: a

text: merit

text: badge

text: in

text: cinematography

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: help

text: promote

text: filmmaking

text: as

text: a

text: marketable

text: skill

text: The

text: badge

text: was

text: launched

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Scout

text: Jamboree

text: which

text: Spielberg

text: attended

text: and

text: where

text: he

text: personally

text: counseled

text: many

text: boys

text: in

text: their

text: work

text: on

text: requirements

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: saw

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Last

text: Crusade

text: The

text: opening

text: scene

text: shows

text: a

text: teenage

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: in

text: scout

text: uniform

text: bearing

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: a

text: Life

text: Scout

text: Spielberg

text: stated

text: he

text: made

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: a

text: Boy

text: Scout

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: his

text: experience

text: in

text: Scouting

text: For

text: his

text: career

text: accomplishments

text: service

text: to

text: others

text: and

text: dedication

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: merit

text: badge

text: Spielberg

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Distinguished

text: Eagle

text: Scout

text: Award

question: What Boy Scout merit badge did Spielberg help develop?

answer: cinematography

text: cinematography

question: Which Spielberg movie showed its main character was a Boy Scout?

answer: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

text: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

question: What was Indy's rank in Boy Scouts when shown in a movie?

answer: Life Scout

text: Life Scout

question: Which major Spielberg movie character was a Boy Scout?

answer: Indiana Jones

text: Indiana Jones

question: When was Spielberg's merit badge launched?

answer: 1989


text: Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah, and in 2004 she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means "star". She has donated millions of dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject. She faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption of the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case of celebrity dilettantism. Madonna defended her studies, saying: "It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is "not hurting anybody". The influence of the Kabbalah was subsequently observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray of Light and Music. During the Re-Invention World Tour, at one point in the show, Madonna and her dancers wore T-shirts that read "Kabbalists Do It Better". Her 2012 MDNA album has also drawn many influences from her Catholic upbringing, and since 2011 she has been attending meetings and services at an Opus Dei center, a Catholic institution that encourages spirituality through every day life.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: is

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Kabbalah

text: and

text: in

text: she

text: adopted

text: the

text: name

text: Esther

text: which

text: in

text: Persian

text: means

text: star

text: She

text: has

text: donated

text: millions

text: of

text: dollars

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: London

text: schools

text: teaching

text: the

text: subject

text: She

text: faced

text: opposition

text: from

text: rabbis

text: who

text: felt

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: Kabbalah

text: was

text: sacrilegious

text: and

text: a

text: case

text: of

text: celebrity

text: dilettantism

text: Madonna

text: defended

text: her

text: studies

text: saying

text: It

text: would

text: be

text: less

text: controversial

text: if

text: I

text: joined

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: and

text: that

text: her

text: involvement

text: with

text: the

text: Kabbalah

text: is

text: not

text: hurting

text: anybody

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Kabbalah

text: was

text: subsequently

text: observed

text: in

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: music

text: especially

text: albums

text: like

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: and

text: Music

text: During

text: the

text: Re

text: Invention

text: World

text: Tour

text: at

text: one

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: show

text: Madonna

text: and

text: her

text: dancers

text: wore

text: T

text: shirts

text: that

text: read

text: Kabbalists

text: Do

text: It

text: Better

text: Her

text: MDNA

text: album

text: has

text: also

text: drawn

text: many

text: influences

text: from

text: her

text: Catholic

text: upbringing

text: and

text: since

text: she

text: has

text: been

text: attending

text: meetings

text: and

text: services

text: at

text: an

text: Opus

text: Dei

text: center

text: a

text: Catholic

text: institution

text: that

text: encourages

text: spirituality

text: through

text: every

text: day

text: life

question: Which religion was Madonna dedicated to?

answer: Kabbalah

text: Kabbalah

question: Which year did she adopt the name Esther?

answer: 2004

question: The influence of Kabbalah is seen in which album?

answer: Ray of Light

text: Ray of Light

question: Where did Madonna attend Catholic services in 2011?

answer: Opus Dei center

text: Opus Dei center


text: The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043–1056. The exceptional mosaic decoration of the dome showing probably the nine orders of the angels was destroyed in 1822 but other panels survived (Theotokos with raised hands, four evangelists with seraphim, scenes from Christ's life and an interesting Anastasis where King Salomon bears resemblance to Constantine Monomachos). In comparison with Osios Loukas Nea Moni mosaics contain more figures, detail, landscape and setting.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Nea

text: Moni

text: Monastery

text: on

text: Chios

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: Constantine

text: Monomachos

text: in

text: The

text: exceptional

text: mosaic

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: dome

text: showing

text: probably

text: the

text: nine

text: orders

text: of

text: the

text: angels

text: was

text: destroyed

text: in

text: but

text: other

text: panels

text: survived

text: Theotokos

text: with

text: raised

text: hands

text: four

text: evangelists

text: with

text: seraphim

text: scenes

text: from

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: an

text: interesting

text: Anastasis

text: where

text: King

text: Salomon

text: bears

text: resemblance

text: to

text: Constantine

text: Monomachos

text: In

text: comparison

text: with

text: Osios

text: Loukas

text: Nea

text: Moni

text: mosaics

text: contain

text: more

text: figures

text: detail

text: landscape

text: and

text: setting

question: Where is the Nea Moni Monastery located?

answer: Chios

text: Chios

question: Who established the Nea Moni Monastery?

answer: Constantine Monomachos

text: Constantine Monomachos

question: When was the Nea Moni Monastery established?

answer: 1043–1056

question: When was the mosaic at the Nea Moni Monastery destroyed?

answer: 1822

question: The Nea Moni mosaics are more detailed than what what other famous mosaics?

answer: Osios Loukas

text: Osios Loukas


text: Though the country's foreign relations, particularly with Western nations, have been strained, relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections. After years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions, the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations on 13 January 2012 The European Union has placed sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Though

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: foreign

text: relations

text: particularly

text: with

text: Western

text: nations

text: have

text: been

text: strained

text: relations

text: have

text: thawed

text: since

text: the

text: reforms

text: following

text: the

text: elections

text: After

text: years

text: of

text: diplomatic

text: isolation

text: and

text: economic

text: and

text: military

text: sanctions

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: relaxed

text: curbs

text: on

text: foreign

text: aid

text: to

text: Myanmar

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: announced

text: the

text: resumption

text: of

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: has

text: placed

text: sanctions

text: on

text: Myanmar

text: including

text: an

text: arms

text: embargo

text: cessation

text: of

text: trade

text: preferences

text: and

text: suspension

text: of

text: all

text: aid

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: humanitarian

text: aid

question: How have international relations developed due to the recent political changes in Burma ?

answer: relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections.

text: relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections.

question: What did the United States do in response to the reform changes of the 2010 Burma elections ?

answer: the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations

text: the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations

question: What type of activity has the European Union engaged in in response to the reforms made in Burma ?

answer: sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid.

text: sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid.

question: How did the United States treat Myanmar prior to the changes made in Burmese government ?

answer: years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions

text: years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions


text: The War of the Austrian Succession had seen the belligerents aligned on a time-honoured basis. France’s traditional enemies, Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced just as they had done against Louis XIV. Prussia, the leading anti-Austrian state in Germany, had been supported by France. Neither group, however, found much reason to be satisfied with its partnership: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British, while the British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria. Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria in disregard of French interests. Even so, France had concluded a defensive alliance with Prussia in 1747, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Austrian alignment after 1748 was deemed essential by the Duke of Newcastle, British secretary of state in the ministry of his brother Henry Pelham. The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution” or the “reversal of alliances.”

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Succession

text: had

text: seen

text: the

text: belligerents

text: aligned

text: on

text: a

text: time

text: honoured

text: basis

text: France

text: ’s

text: traditional

text: enemies

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Austria

text: had

text: coalesced

text: just

text: as

text: they

text: had

text: done

text: against

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: Prussia

text: the

text: leading

text: anti

text: Austrian

text: state

text: in

text: Germany

text: had

text: been

text: supported

text: by

text: France

text: Neither

text: group

text: however

text: found

text: much

text: reason

text: to

text: be

text: satisfied

text: with

text: its

text: partnership

text: British

text: subsidies

text: to

text: Austria

text: had

text: produced

text: nothing

text: of

text: much

text: help

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: while

text: the

text: British

text: military

text: effort

text: had

text: not

text: saved

text: Silesia

text: for

text: Austria

text: Prussia

text: having

text: secured

text: Silesia

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: terms

text: with

text: Austria

text: in

text: disregard

text: of

text: French

text: interests

text: Even

text: so

text: France

text: had

text: concluded

text: a

text: defensive

text: alliance

text: with

text: Prussia

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: maintenance

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Austrian

text: alignment

text: after

text: was

text: deemed

text: essential

text: by

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Newcastle

text: British

text: secretary

text: of

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: ministry

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: Henry

text: Pelham

text: The

text: collapse

text: of

text: that

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: aligning

text: of

text: France

text: with

text: Austria

text: and

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: with

text: Prussia

text: constituted

text: what

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: diplomatic

text: revolution

text: or

text: the

text: reversal

text: of

text: alliances

question: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?

answer: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced

text: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced

question: What was gained or lost by Austria?

answer: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria

text: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria

question: What was the major gain by Great Britain by having Austria as it ally?

answer: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British

text: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British

question: What alliances were formed in the "diplomatic reversal"?

answer: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”

text: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”

question: Did the loss of Silesia by Austria intensify its battle with Prussia?

answer: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria

text: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria


text: Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive".

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: efforts

text: to

text: spread

text: their

text: beliefs

text: most

text: notably

text: by

text: visiting

text: people

text: from

text: house

text: to

text: house

text: distributing

text: literature

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: in

text: languages

text: The

text: objective

text: is

text: to

text: start

text: a

text: regular

text: Bible

text: study

text: with

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: already

text: a

text: member

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: that

text: the

text: student

text: be

text: baptized

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: advised

text: to

text: consider

text: discontinuing

text: Bible

text: studies

text: with

text: students

text: who

text: show

text: no

text: interest

text: in

text: becoming

text: members

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: taught

text: they

text: are

text: under

text: a

text: biblical

text: command

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: public

text: preaching

text: They

text: are

text: instructed

text: to

text: devote

text: as

text: much

text: time

text: as

text: possible

text: to

text: their

text: ministry

text: and

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: submit

text: an

text: individual

text: monthly

text: Field

text: Service

text: Report

text: Baptized

text: members

text: who

text: fail

text: to

text: report

text: a

text: month

text: of

text: preaching

text: are

text: termed

text: irregular

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: counseled

text: by

text: elders

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: submit

text: reports

text: for

text: six

text: consecutive

text: months

text: are

text: termed

text: inactive

question: What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders?

answer: their efforts to spread their beliefs

text: their efforts to spread their beliefs

question: How many languages is the Watch Tower Society literature published in?

answer: 700

question: What is the objective of Jehovah Witnesses' door to door ministry?

answer: start a regular "Bible study"

text: start a regular "Bible study"

question: When are Jehovah Witnesses advised to discontinue Bibles studies with students?

answer: show no interest in becoming members

text: show no interest in becoming members

question: What are baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching termed as?

answer: irregular

text: irregular


text: The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes. Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insurgentes. As the microbuses were removed from its route, it was hoped that the Metrobús could reduce pollution and decrease transit time for passengers. In June 2013, Mexico City's mayor announced two more lines to come: Line 5 serving Eje 3 Oriente and Line 6 serving Eje 5 Norte. As of June 2013, 367 Metrobús buses transported 850,000 passengers daily.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: first

text: bus

text: rapid

text: transit

text: line

text: the

text: Metrobús

text: began

text: operation

text: in

text: June

text: along

text: Avenida

text: Insurgentes

text: Line

text: opened

text: in

text: December

text: serving

text: Eje

text: Sur

text: line

text: opened

text: in

text: February

text: serving

text: Eje

text: Poniente

text: and

text: line

text: opened

text: in

text: April

text: connecting

text: the

text: airport

text: with

text: San

text: Lázaro

text: and

text: Buenavista

text: Station

text: at

text: Insurgentes

text: As

text: the

text: microbuses

text: were

text: removed

text: from

text: its

text: route

text: it

text: was

text: hoped

text: that

text: the

text: Metrobús

text: could

text: reduce

text: pollution

text: and

text: decrease

text: transit

text: time

text: for

text: passengers

text: In

text: June

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: mayor

text: announced

text: two

text: more

text: lines

text: to

text: come

text: Line

text: serving

text: Eje

text: Oriente

text: and

text: Line

text: serving

text: Eje

text: Norte

text: As

text: of

text: June

text: Metrobús

text: buses

text: transported

text: passengers

text: daily

question: What is the name of the city's fast bus line?

answer: Metrobús

text: Metrobús

question: When did Metrobus begin services?

answer: June 2005

text: June 2005

question: When did the second line of Metrobus open?

answer: December 2008

text: December 2008

question: How many people ride the Metrobus every day?

answer: 850,000

question: April 2012 was the year which Metrobus line opened?

answer: line 4

text: line 4


text: Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers are often grouped together based on kinship and band (or tribe) membership. Postmarital residence among hunter-gatherers tends to be matrilocal, at least initially. Young mothers can enjoy childcare support from their own mothers, who continue living nearby in the same camp. The systems of kinship and descent among human hunter-gatherers were relatively flexible, although there is evidence that early human kinship in general tended to be matrilineal.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Anthropologists

text: maintain

text: that

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: do

text: n't

text: have

text: permanent

text: leaders

text: instead

text: the

text: person

text: taking

text: the

text: initiative

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: task

text: being

text: performed

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: equality

text: in

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: societies

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: though

text: not

text: always

text: sexual

text: parity

text: as

text: well

text: Hunter

text: gatherers

text: are

text: often

text: grouped

text: together

text: based

text: on

text: kinship

text: and

text: band

text: or

text: tribe

text: membership

text: Postmarital

text: residence

text: among

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: matrilocal

text: at

text: least

text: initially

text: Young

text: mothers

text: can

text: enjoy

text: childcare

text: support

text: from

text: their

text: own

text: mothers

text: who

text: continue

text: living

text: nearby

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: camp

text: The

text: systems

text: of

text: kinship

text: and

text: descent

text: among

text: human

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: were

text: relatively

text: flexible

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: evidence

text: that

text: early

text: human

text: kinship

text: in

text: general

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: matrilineal

question: What permanent group representative do hunter-gatherers not have?

answer: permanent leaders

text: permanent leaders

question: Initiative within the group depends upon what factor?

answer: task being performed

text: task being performed

question: What group arrangement is usual in family authority?

answer: matrilocal

text: matrilocal

question: What is the kinship and decent system among hunter-gatherers?

answer: matrilineal

text: matrilineal


text: Following the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Venetians fortified Nicosia by building the Venetian Walls, and used it as an important commercial hub. Throughout Venetian rule, the Ottoman Empire frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed Limassol and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified Famagusta and Kyrenia.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Following

text: the

text: death

text: in

text: of

text: James

text: II

text: the

text: last

text: Lusignan

text: king

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venice

text: assumed

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: while

text: the

text: late

text: king

text: 's

text: Venetian

text: widow

text: Queen

text: Catherine

text: Cornaro

text: reigned

text: as

text: figurehead

text: Venice

text: formally

text: annexed

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: abdication

text: of

text: Catherine

text: The

text: Venetians

text: fortified

text: Nicosia

text: by

text: building

text: the

text: Venetian

text: Walls

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: commercial

text: hub

text: Throughout

text: Venetian

text: rule

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: frequently

text: raided

text: Cyprus

text: In

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: destroyed

text: Limassol

text: and

text: so

text: fearing

text: the

text: worst

text: the

text: Venetians

text: also

text: fortified

text: Famagusta

text: and

text: Kyrenia

question: In what year did James II die?

answer: 1473

question: Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II?

answer: Republic of Venice

text: Republic of Venice

question: In what year did Venice formally annex the kingdom of Cyprus?

answer: 1489

question: Which empire frequently raided Cyprus during Venetian rule?

answer: Ottoman Empire

text: Ottoman Empire

question: In what year did the Ottomans destroy Limassol?

answer: 1539


text: Most birds scoop water in their beaks and raise their head to let water run down the throat. Some species, especially of arid zones, belonging to the pigeon, finch, mousebird, button-quail and bustard families are capable of sucking up water without the need to tilt back their heads. Some desert birds depend on water sources and sandgrouse are particularly well known for their daily congregations at waterholes. Nesting sandgrouse and many plovers carry water to their young by wetting their belly feathers. Some birds carry water for chicks at the nest in their crop or regurgitate it along with food. The pigeon family, flamingos and penguins have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid called crop milk that they provide to their chicks.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Most

text: birds

text: scoop

text: water

text: in

text: their

text: beaks

text: and

text: raise

text: their

text: head

text: to

text: let

text: water

text: run

text: down

text: the

text: throat

text: Some

text: species

text: especially

text: of

text: arid

text: zones

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: pigeon

text: finch

text: mousebird

text: button

text: quail

text: and

text: bustard

text: families

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: sucking

text: up

text: water

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: tilt

text: back

text: their

text: heads

text: Some

text: desert

text: birds

text: depend

text: on

text: water

text: sources

text: and

text: sandgrouse

text: are

text: particularly

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: daily

text: congregations

text: at

text: waterholes

text: Nesting

text: sandgrouse

text: and

text: many

text: plovers

text: carry

text: water

text: to

text: their

text: young

text: by

text: wetting

text: their

text: belly

text: feathers

text: Some

text: birds

text: carry

text: water

text: for

text: chicks

text: at

text: the

text: nest

text: in

text: their

text: crop

text: or

text: regurgitate

text: it

text: along

text: with

text: food

text: The

text: pigeon

text: family

text: flamingos

text: and

text: penguins

text: have

text: adaptations

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: nutritive

text: fluid

text: called

text: crop

text: milk

text: that

text: they

text: provide

text: to

text: their

text: chicks

question: How do nesting sandgrouse carry water to their young?

answer: wetting their belly feathers

text: wetting their belly feathers

question: What is one family of birds have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid to their chicks?

answer: The pigeon family

text: The pigeon family

question: What is a nutritive fluid that some birds provide to their chicks?

answer: crop milk

text: crop milk

question: What is crop milk?

answer: a nutritive fluid

text: a nutritive fluid


text:
In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 over the same time span. A building’s carbon footprint from lighting can therefore be reduced by 85% by exchanging all incandescent bulbs for new LEDs if a building previously used only incandescent bulbs.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: one

text: kilowatt

text: hour

text: MJ

text: of

text: electricity

text: currently

text: causes

text: an

text: average

text: pounds

text: g

text: of

text: CO

text: emission

text: Assuming

text: the

text: average

text: light

text: bulb

text: is

text: on

text: for

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: a

text: bulb

text: will

text: cause

text: pounds

text: kg

text: of

text: CO

text: emission

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: LED

text: equivalent

text: will

text: only

text: cause

text: pounds

text: kg

text: of

text: CO

text: over

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: span

text: A

text: building

text: ’s

text: carbon

text: footprint

text: from

text: lighting

text: can

text: therefore

text: be

text: reduced

text: by

text: by

text: exchanging

text: all

text: incandescent

text: bulbs

text: for

text: new

text: LEDs

text: if

text: a

text: building

text: previously

text: used

text: only

text: incandescent

text: bulbs

question: In what country does one kilowatt-hour of electricity causes 1.34 pounds of CO 2 emission?

answer: US

text: US

question: How much CO2 emission would a 40-watt light bulb produce after 10 hours?

answer: 196 pounds

text: 196 pounds

question: A 6-watt LED left on for 10 hours a day will emit how much CO 2?

answer: 30 pounds

text: 30 pounds

question: How much can a building's carbon footprint be reduced by switching to LEDs?

answer: 85%


text: At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: At

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: Bermuda

text: competed

text: in

text: sailing

text: athletics

text: swimming

text: diving

text: triathlon

text: and

text: equestrian

text: events

text: In

text: those

text: Olympics

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: Katura

text: Horton

text: Perinchief

text: made

text: history

text: by

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: black

text: female

text: diver

text: to

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: Bermuda

text: has

text: had

text: one

text: Olympic

text: medallist

text: Clarence

text: Hill

text: who

text: won

text: a

text: bronze

text: medal

text: in

text: boxing

text: Bermuda

text: also

text: competed

text: in

text: Men

text: 's

text: Skeleton

text: at

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Turin

text: Italy

text: Patrick

text: Singleton

text: placed

text: with

text: a

text: final

text: time

text: of

text: Jillian

text: Teceira

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Olympics

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: tradition

text: for

text: Bermuda

text: to

text: march

text: in

text: the

text: Opening

text: Ceremony

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: shorts

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: summer

text: or

text: winter

text: Olympic

text: celebration

text: Bermuda

text: also

text: competes

text: in

text: the

text: biennial

text: Island

text: Games

text: which

text: it

text: hosted

text: in

question: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?

answer: sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events

text: sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events

question: What did Katura Horton-Perinchief do?

answer: made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games.

text: made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games.

question: What is the only medal Bermuda has ever won?

answer: bronze medal in boxing.

text: bronze medal in boxing.

question: What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season?

answer: march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts

text: march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts


text: For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour shortage in Peru. While some islanders were voluntary recruits the "blackbirders" were notorious for enticing islanders on to ships with tricks, such as pretending to be Christian missionaries, as well as kidnapping islanders at gun point. The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: For

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: year

text: between

text: Peruvian

text: ships

text: engaged

text: in

text: what

text: became

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: blackbirding

text: trade

text: combed

text: the

text: smaller

text: islands

text: of

text: Polynesia

text: from

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: Pacific

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: atolls

text: of

text: the

text: Gilbert

text: Islands

text: now

text: Kiribati

text: seeking

text: recruits

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: extreme

text: labour

text: shortage

text: in

text: Peru

text: While

text: some

text: islanders

text: were

text: voluntary

text: recruits

text: the

text: blackbirders

text: were

text: notorious

text: for

text: enticing

text: islanders

text: on

text: to

text: ships

text: with

text: tricks

text: such

text: as

text: pretending

text: to

text: be

text: Christian

text: missionaries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: kidnapping

text: islanders

text: at

text: gun

text: point

text: The

text: Rev.

text: A.

text: W.

text: Murray

text: the

text: earliest

text: European

text: missionary

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: reported

text: that

text: in

text: about

text: people

text: were

text: taken

text: from

text: Funafuti

text: and

text: about

text: were

text: taken

text: from

text: Nukulaelae

text: as

text: there

text: were

text: fewer

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: recorded

text: in

text: as

text: living

text: on

text: Nukulaelae

question: In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands?

answer: 1862–63

question: What was the name applied to the trade of dealing with labor hunters?

answer: blackbirding

text: blackbirding

question: Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?

answer: Rev. A. W. Murray

text: Rev. A. W. Murray

question: By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships?

answer: tricks

text: tricks

question: When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders?

answer: 1863


text: The term heresy is also used as an ideological pigeonhole for contemporary writers because, by definition, heresy depends on contrasts with an established orthodoxy. For example, the tongue-in-cheek contemporary usage of heresy, such as to categorize a "Wall Street heresy" a "Democratic heresy" or a "Republican heresy," are metaphors that invariably retain a subtext that links orthodoxies in geology or biology or any other field to religion. These expanded metaphoric senses allude to both the difference between the person's views and the mainstream and the boldness of such a person in propounding these views.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: The

text: term

text: heresy

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: ideological

text: pigeonhole

text: for

text: contemporary

text: writers

text: because

text: by

text: definition

text: heresy

text: depends

text: on

text: contrasts

text: with

text: an

text: established

text: orthodoxy

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: tongue

text: in

text: cheek

text: contemporary

text: usage

text: of

text: heresy

text: such

text: as

text: to

text: categorize

text: a

text: Wall

text: Street

text: heresy

text: a

text: Democratic

text: heresy

text: or

text: a

text: Republican

text: heresy

text: are

text: metaphors

text: that

text: invariably

text: retain

text: a

text: subtext

text: that

text: links

text: orthodoxies

text: in

text: geology

text: or

text: biology

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: field

text: to

text: religion

text: These

text: expanded

text: metaphoric

text: senses

text: allude

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: views

text: and

text: the

text: mainstream

text: and

text: the

text: boldness

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: person

text: in

text: propounding

text: these

text: views

question: By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on?

answer: an established orthodoxy

text: an established orthodoxy

question: What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios?

answer: metaphors

text: metaphors