text: The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side, with the distinction of being Tucson's first suburb, established in the late 1940s. Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948). Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road. The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords, and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll and five other people on January 8, 2011, occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes. The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: community

text: of

text: Casas

text: Adobes

text: is

text: also

text: on

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Side

text: with

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: Tucson

text: 's

text: first

text: suburb

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Casas

text: Adobes

text: is

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: historic

text: Casas

text: Adobes

text: Plaza

text: built

text: in

text: Casas

text: Adobes

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: Tohono

text: Chul

text: Park

text: a

text: nature

text: preserve

text: near

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: North

text: Oracle

text: Road

text: and

text: West

text: Ina

text: Road

text: The

text: attempted

text: assassination

text: of

text: Representative

text: Gabrielle

text: Giffords

text: and

text: the

text: murders

text: of

text: chief

text: judge

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: Arizona

text: John

text: Roll

text: and

text: five

text: other

text: people

text: on

text: January

text: occurred

text: at

text: the

text: La

text: Toscana

text: Village

text: in

text: Casas

text: Adobes

text: The

text: Foothills

text: Mall

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: northwest

text: side

text: in

text: Casas

text: Adobes

question: What is considered Tuscon's first suburb?

answer: Casas Adobes

text: Casas Adobes

question: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza established?

answer: 1948

question: What representative was almost assassinated at the La Toscana Village?

answer: Gabrielle Giffords

text: Gabrielle Giffords

question: What nature preserve is in Casas Adobes?

answer: Tohono Chul Park

text: Tohono Chul Park

question: What mall is located in Casas Adobes?

answer: Foothills Mall

text: Foothills Mall

question: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza built?

answer: 1948

question: What was Tucson's first suburb?

answer: Casas Adobes

text: Casas Adobes

question: Where is Tohono Chul Park?

answer: near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road

text: near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road

question: Who was nearly assassinated in Casas Adobes?

answer: Representative Gabrielle Giffords

text: Representative Gabrielle Giffords

question: What was John Roll's job title?

answer: chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona

text: chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona


text: Measuring corruption statistically is difficult if not impossible due to the illicit nature of the transaction and imprecise definitions of corruption. While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of these metrics address different proxies for corruption, such as public perceptions of the extent of the problem.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Measuring

text: corruption

text: statistically

text: is

text: difficult

text: if

text: not

text: impossible

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: illicit

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: transaction

text: and

text: imprecise

text: definitions

text: of

text: corruption

text: While

text: corruption

text: indices

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Corruption

text: Perceptions

text: Index

text: CPI

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: metrics

text: address

text: different

text: proxies

text: for

text: corruption

text: such

text: as

text: public

text: perceptions

text: of

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: problem

question: Why is it difficult to measure corruption?

answer: imprecise definitions of corruption

text: imprecise definitions of corruption

question: When did indices on corruption first appear?

answer: 1995

question: What was the first index on corruption, in 1995?

answer: the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI

text: the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI


text: Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel. Scout and Jem's mother died before Scout could remember her, Mayella's mother is dead, and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo's confinement to the house. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter, and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house until Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society can lead society astray. Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity; as one scholar explains: "It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism, bravery, and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality, to set the society straight."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Absent

text: mothers

text: and

text: abusive

text: fathers

text: are

text: another

text: theme

text: in

text: the

text: novel

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: 's

text: mother

text: died

text: before

text: Scout

text: could

text: remember

text: her

text: Mayella

text: 's

text: mother

text: is

text: dead

text: and

text: Mrs.

text: Radley

text: is

text: silent

text: about

text: Boo

text: 's

text: confinement

text: to

text: the

text: house

text: Apart

text: from

text: Atticus

text: the

text: fathers

text: described

text: are

text: abusers

text: Bob

text: Ewell

text: it

text: is

text: hinted

text: molested

text: his

text: daughter

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Radley

text: imprisons

text: his

text: son

text: in

text: his

text: house

text: until

text: Boo

text: is

text: remembered

text: only

text: as

text: a

text: phantom

text: Bob

text: Ewell

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Radley

text: represent

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: masculinity

text: that

text: Atticus

text: does

text: not

text: and

text: the

text: novel

text: suggests

text: that

text: such

text: men

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: traditionally

text: feminine

text: hypocrites

text: at

text: the

text: Missionary

text: Society

text: can

text: lead

text: society

text: astray

text: Atticus

text: stands

text: apart

text: as

text: a

text: unique

text: model

text: of

text: masculinity

text: as

text: one

text: scholar

text: explains

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: job

text: of

text: real

text: men

text: who

text: embody

text: the

text: traditional

text: masculine

text: qualities

text: of

text: heroic

text: individualism

text: bravery

text: and

text: an

text: unshrinking

text: knowledge

text: of

text: and

text: dedication

text: to

text: social

text: justice

text: and

text: morality

text: to

text: set

text: the

text: society

text: straight

question: In the book, which character was expected of molesting their child?

answer: Bob Ewell

text: Bob Ewell

question: Who was the only non-abusive father mentioned?

answer: Atticus

text: Atticus


text: Strong aftershocks continued to strike even months after the main quake. On May 25, an aftershock of 6.0 Mw (6.4 Ms according to CEA) hit northeast of the original earthquake's epicenter, in Qingchuan County, Sichuan, causing eight deaths, 1000 injuries, and destroying thousands of buildings. On May 27, two aftershocks, one 5.2 Mw in Qingchuan County and one 5.7 Mw in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi, led to the collapse of more than 420,000 homes and injured 63 people. The same area suffered two more aftershocks of 5.6 and 6.0 Ms (5.8 and 5.5 Mw, respectively, according to USGS) on July 23, resulting in 1 death, 6 serious injuries, collapse of hundreds of homes and damaging kilometers of highways. Pingwu County and Beichuan County, Sichuan, also northeast of Wenchuan and close to the epicenter of a 7.2 Ms earthquake in 1976, suffered a 6.1 Ms aftershock (5.7 Mw according to USGS) on August 1; it caused 2 deaths, 345 injuries, collapse of 707 homes, damages to over 1,000 homes, and blocked 25 kilometres (16 mi) of country roads. As late as August 5, yet another aftershock of 6.1 Ms (6.2 Mw according to USGS) hit Qingchuan, Sichuan, causing 1 death, 32 injuries, telecommunication interruptions, and widespread hill slides blocking roads in the area including a national highway.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Strong

text: aftershocks

text: continued

text: to

text: strike

text: even

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: main

text: quake

text: On

text: May

text: an

text: aftershock

text: of

text: Mw

text: Ms

text: according

text: to

text: CEA

text: hit

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: earthquake

text: 's

text: epicenter

text: in

text: Qingchuan

text: County

text: Sichuan

text: causing

text: eight

text: deaths

text: injuries

text: and

text: destroying

text: thousands

text: of

text: buildings

text: On

text: May

text: two

text: aftershocks

text: one

text: Mw

text: in

text: Qingchuan

text: County

text: and

text: one

text: Mw

text: in

text: Ningqiang

text: County

text: Shaanxi

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: homes

text: and

text: injured

text: people

text: The

text: same

text: area

text: suffered

text: two

text: more

text: aftershocks

text: of

text: and

text: Ms

text: and

text: Mw

text: respectively

text: according

text: to

text: USGS

text: on

text: July

text: resulting

text: in

text: death

text: serious

text: injuries

text: collapse

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: homes

text: and

text: damaging

text: kilometers

text: of

text: highways

text: Pingwu

text: County

text: and

text: Beichuan

text: County

text: Sichuan

text: also

text: northeast

text: of

text: Wenchuan

text: and

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: epicenter

text: of

text: a

text: Ms

text: earthquake

text: in

text: suffered

text: a

text: Ms

text: aftershock

text: Mw

text: according

text: to

text: USGS

text: on

text: August

text: it

text: caused

text: deaths

text: injuries

text: collapse

text: of

text: homes

text: damages

text: to

text: over

text: homes

text: and

text: blocked

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: of

text: country

text: roads

text: As

text: late

text: as

text: August

text: yet

text: another

text: aftershock

text: of

text: Ms

text: Mw

text: according

text: to

text: USGS

text: hit

text: Qingchuan

text: Sichuan

text: causing

text: death

text: injuries

text: telecommunication

text: interruptions

text: and

text: widespread

text: hill

text: slides

text: blocking

text: roads

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: including

text: a

text: national

text: highway

question: How many buildings collapsed as a result of the May 27th aftershocks?

answer: 420,000

question: How strong was the May 25 aftershock in Qingchuan county?

answer: 6.0 Mw

text: 6.0 Mw

question: How many people were injured in the May 25 aftershock?

answer: 1000

question: How many homes were destroyed because of the May 27 aftershocks?

answer: more than 420,000

text: more than 420,000

question: During the May 27 aftershock, how many people were injured?

answer: 63

question: Where was the aftershock of August 5 that caused widespread hill slides?

answer: Qingchuan, Sichuan

text: Qingchuan, Sichuan


text: The first attempts to use standard-frequency single-phase AC were made in Hungary as far back as 1923, by the Hungarian Kálmán Kandó on the line between Budapest-Nyugati and Alag, using 16 kV at 50 Hz. The locomotives carried a four-pole rotating phase converter feeding a single traction motor of the polyphase induction type at 600 to 1,100 V. The number of poles on the 2,500 hp motor could be changed using slip rings to run at one of four synchronous speeds. The tests were a success so, from 1932 until the 1960s, trains on the Budapest-Hegyeshalom line (towards Vienna) regularly used the same system. A few decades after the Second World War, the 16 kV was changed to the Russian and later French 25 kV system.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: The

text: first

text: attempts

text: to

text: use

text: standard

text: frequency

text: single

text: phase

text: AC

text: were

text: made

text: in

text: Hungary

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: by

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: Kálmán

text: Kandó

text: on

text: the

text: line

text: between

text: Budapest

text: Nyugati

text: and

text: Alag

text: using

text: kV

text: at

text: Hz

text: The

text: locomotives

text: carried

text: a

text: four

text: pole

text: rotating

text: phase

text: converter

text: feeding

text: a

text: single

text: traction

text: motor

text: of

text: the

text: polyphase

text: induction

text: type

text: at

text: to

text: V.

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: poles

text: on

text: the

text: hp

text: motor

text: could

text: be

text: changed

text: using

text: slip

text: rings

text: to

text: run

text: at

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: synchronous

text: speeds

text: The

text: tests

text: were

text: a

text: success

text: so

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: trains

text: on

text: the

text: Budapest

text: Hegyeshalom

text: line

text: towards

text: Vienna

text: regularly

text: used

text: the

text: same

text: system

text: A

text: few

text: decades

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: kV

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: the

text: Russian

text: and

text: later

text: French

text: kV

text: system

question: What country has first tried to use single-phase AC?

answer: Hungary

text: Hungary

question: What frequency did the line of Hungarian rail system used in 1923?

answer: 16 kV at 50 Hz

text: 16 kV at 50 Hz

question: What type of the converter was used in hungarian locomotives of that time?

answer: four-pole rotating phase converter

text: four-pole rotating phase converter

question: How could the locomotives run on four speed levels?

answer: motor could be changed using slip rings

text: motor could be changed using slip rings

question: What system was adopted in Hungary after WWII?

answer: Russian

text: Russian


text: Around 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650. Around 9000 BC during the PPNA, one of the world's first towns, Jericho, appeared in the Levant. It was surrounded by a stone and marble wall and contained a population of 2000–3000 people and a massive stone tower. Around 6,400 BC the Halaf culture appeared in Lebanon, Israel and Palestine, Syria, Anatolia, and Northern Mesopotamia and subsisted on dryland agriculture.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Around

text: BC

text: the

text: first

text: fully

text: developed

text: Neolithic

text: cultures

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: phase

text: Pre

text: Pottery

text: Neolithic

text: A

text: PPNA

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: fertile

text: crescent

text: Around

text: to

text: BC

text: a

text: settlement

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Tell

text: Qaramel

text: miles

text: north

text: of

text: Aleppo

text: The

text: settlement

text: included

text: temples

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: Around

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: PPNA

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: towns

text: Jericho

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Levant

text: It

text: was

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: stone

text: and

text: marble

text: wall

text: and

text: contained

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: a

text: massive

text: stone

text: tower

text: Around

text: BC

text: the

text: Halaf

text: culture

text: appeared

text: in

text: Lebanon

text: Israel

text: and

text: Palestine

text: Syria

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: Northern

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: subsisted

text: on

text: dryland

text: agriculture

question: When did the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)  phase start?

answer: Around 10,200 BC

text: Around 10,200 BC

question: When was a settlement developed in Tell Qaramel?

answer: Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC

text: Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC

question: How many temples were built in Tell Qaramel?

answer: 2

question: What was the name of the town that first appeared during the PPNA?

answer: Jericho

text: Jericho

question: What materials were used to build the wall around Jericho?

answer: stone and marble

text: stone and marble


text: As this process continued, the missile found itself being used for more and more of the roles formerly filled by guns. First to go were the large weapons, replaced by equally large missile systems of much higher performance. Smaller missiles soon followed, eventually becoming small enough to be mounted on armored cars and tank chassis. These started replacing, or at least supplanting, similar gun-based SPAAG systems in the 1960s, and by the 1990s had replaced almost all such systems in modern armies. Man-portable missiles, MANPADs as they are known today, were introduced in the 1960s and have supplanted or even replaced even the smallest guns in most advanced armies.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: As

text: this

text: process

text: continued

text: the

text: missile

text: found

text: itself

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: roles

text: formerly

text: filled

text: by

text: guns

text: First

text: to

text: go

text: were

text: the

text: large

text: weapons

text: replaced

text: by

text: equally

text: large

text: missile

text: systems

text: of

text: much

text: higher

text: performance

text: Smaller

text: missiles

text: soon

text: followed

text: eventually

text: becoming

text: small

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: mounted

text: on

text: armored

text: cars

text: and

text: tank

text: chassis

text: These

text: started

text: replacing

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: supplanting

text: similar

text: gun

text: based

text: SPAAG

text: systems

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: had

text: replaced

text: almost

text: all

text: such

text: systems

text: in

text: modern

text: armies

text: Man

text: portable

text: missiles

text: MANPADs

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: today

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: have

text: supplanted

text: or

text: even

text: replaced

text: even

text: the

text: smallest

text: guns

text: in

text: most

text: advanced

text: armies

question: The missile started being used more often instead of what weapon?

answer: guns

text: guns

question: Small missiles were designed that could be mounted on what?

answer: armored cars and tank chassis

text: armored cars and tank chassis

question: When did these missiles start to supplant gun-based SPAAG systems?

answer: in the 1960s

text: in the 1960s

question: What are man-portable missiles better known as?

answer: MANPADs

text: MANPADs

question: When were MANPADs introduced?

answer: the 1960s

text: the 1960s


text: Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popular among readers for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture.[citation needed] The samurai have also appeared frequently in Japanese comics (manga) and animation (anime). Samurai-like characters are not just restricted to historical settings and a number of works set in the modern age, and even the future, include characters who live, train and fight like samurai. Examples are Samurai Champloo, Requiem from the Darkness, Muramasa: The Demon Blade, and Afro Samurai. Some of these works have made their way to the west, where it has been increasing in popularity with America.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: Most

text: common

text: are

text: historical

text: works

text: where

text: the

text: protagonist

text: is

text: either

text: a

text: samurai

text: or

text: former

text: samurai

text: or

text: another

text: rank

text: or

text: position

text: who

text: possesses

text: considerable

text: martial

text: skill

text: Eiji

text: Yoshikawa

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: Japanese

text: historical

text: novelists

text: His

text: retellings

text: of

text: popular

text: works

text: including

text: Taiko

text: Musashi

text: and

text: Heike

text: Tale

text: are

text: popular

text: among

text: readers

text: for

text: their

text: epic

text: narratives

text: and

text: rich

text: realism

text: in

text: depicting

text: samurai

text: and

text: warrior

text: culture.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: samurai

text: have

text: also

text: appeared

text: frequently

text: in

text: Japanese

text: comics

text: manga

text: and

text: animation

text: anime

text: Samurai

text: like

text: characters

text: are

text: not

text: just

text: restricted

text: to

text: historical

text: settings

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: works

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: age

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: future

text: include

text: characters

text: who

text: live

text: train

text: and

text: fight

text: like

text: samurai

text: Examples

text: are

text: Samurai

text: Champloo

text: Requiem

text: from

text: the

text: Darkness

text: Muramasa

text: The

text: Demon

text: Blade

text: and

text: Afro

text: Samurai

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: works

text: have

text: made

text: their

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: where

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: increasing

text: in

text: popularity

text: with

text: America

question: Who is Eiji Yoshikawa?

answer: one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists

text: one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists

question: Why are Eiji Yoshikawa's books popular?

answer: for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture

text: for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture

question: What are Japanese comic books called?

answer: manga

text: manga

question: What are Japanese animation called?

answer: anime

text: anime


text: In February 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in eastern Texas federal court, claiming infringement of a portable MP3 player patent that Texas MP3 said it had been assigned. Apple, Samsung, and Sandisk all settled the claims against them in January 2009.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: In

text: February

text: Texas

text: Technologies

text: sued

text: Apple

text: Samsung

text: Electronics

text: and

text: Sandisk

text: in

text: eastern

text: Texas

text: federal

text: court

text: claiming

text: infringement

text: of

text: a

text: portable

text: player

text: patent

text: that

text: Texas

text: said

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: assigned

text: Apple

text: Samsung

text: and

text: Sandisk

text: all

text: settled

text: the

text: claims

text: against

text: them

text: in

text: January

question: Who sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in 2007?

answer: Texas MP3 Technologies

text: Texas MP3 Technologies

question: Which court did the lawsuit take place in?

answer: eastern Texas federal court

text: eastern Texas federal court

question: What action did the three companies being sued take?

answer: all settled the claims against them

text: all settled the claims against them

question: What year did the lawsuits end?

answer: 2009

question: What was the claim that the lawsuit was based on?

answer: infringement of a portable MP3 player patent

text: infringement of a portable MP3 player patent


text: Starting in 2002, Apple moved to eliminate CRT displays from its product line as part of aesthetic design and space-saving measures with the iMac G4. However, the new iMac with its flexible LCD flat-panel monitor was considerably more expensive on its debut than the preceding iMac G3, largely due to the higher cost of the LCD technology at the time. In order to keep the Macintosh affordable for the education market and due to obsolescence of the iMac G3, Apple created the eMac in April 2002 as the intended successor; however the eMac's CRT made it relatively bulky and somewhat outdated, while its all-in-one construction meant it could not be expanded to meet consumer demand for larger monitors. The iMac G4's relatively high prices were approaching that of laptops which were portable and had higher resolution LCD screens. Meanwhile, Windows PC manufacturers could offer desktop configurations with LCD flat panel monitors at prices comparable to the eMac and at much lower cost than the iMac G4. The flop of the Power Mac G4 Cube, along with the more expensive iMac G4 and heavy eMac, meant that Macintosh desktop sales never reached the market share attained by the previous iMac G3. For the next half-decade while Macintosh sales held steady, it would instead be the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service that would drive Apple's sales growth.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Starting

text: in

text: Apple

text: moved

text: to

text: eliminate

text: CRT

text: displays

text: from

text: its

text: product

text: line

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: aesthetic

text: design

text: and

text: space

text: saving

text: measures

text: with

text: the

text: iMac

text: However

text: the

text: new

text: iMac

text: with

text: its

text: flexible

text: LCD

text: flat

text: panel

text: monitor

text: was

text: considerably

text: more

text: expensive

text: on

text: its

text: debut

text: than

text: the

text: preceding

text: iMac

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: higher

text: cost

text: of

text: the

text: LCD

text: technology

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: affordable

text: for

text: the

text: education

text: market

text: and

text: due

text: to

text: obsolescence

text: of

text: the

text: iMac

text: Apple

text: created

text: the

text: eMac

text: in

text: April

text: as

text: the

text: intended

text: successor

text: however

text: the

text: eMac

text: 's

text: CRT

text: made

text: it

text: relatively

text: bulky

text: and

text: somewhat

text: outdated

text: while

text: its

text: all

text: in

text: one

text: construction

text: meant

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: expanded

text: to

text: meet

text: consumer

text: demand

text: for

text: larger

text: monitors

text: The

text: iMac

text: 's

text: relatively

text: high

text: prices

text: were

text: approaching

text: that

text: of

text: laptops

text: which

text: were

text: portable

text: and

text: had

text: higher

text: resolution

text: LCD

text: screens

text: Meanwhile

text: Windows

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: could

text: offer

text: desktop

text: configurations

text: with

text: LCD

text: flat

text: panel

text: monitors

text: at

text: prices

text: comparable

text: to

text: the

text: eMac

text: and

text: at

text: much

text: lower

text: cost

text: than

text: the

text: iMac

text: The

text: flop

text: of

text: the

text: Power

text: Mac

text: Cube

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: expensive

text: iMac

text: and

text: heavy

text: eMac

text: meant

text: that

text: Macintosh

text: desktop

text: sales

text: never

text: reached

text: the

text: market

text: share

text: attained

text: by

text: the

text: previous

text: iMac

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: half

text: decade

text: while

text: Macintosh

text: sales

text: held

text: steady

text: it

text: would

text: instead

text: be

text: the

text: iPod

text: portable

text: music

text: player

text: and

text: iTunes

text: music

text: download

text: service

text: that

text: would

text: drive

text: Apple

text: 's

text: sales

text: growth

question: What did Apple begin to eliminate in 2002?

answer: CRT displays

text: CRT displays

question: Why was the new iMac G4 considerably more expensive than the G3?

answer: higher cost of the LCD technology

text: higher cost of the LCD technology

question: Who did Apple create the more affordable eMac in April 2002 for?

answer: the education market

text: the education market

question: What was the main problem with the eMac's CRT?

answer: relatively bulky and somewhat outdated

text: relatively bulky and somewhat outdated

question: After Apple's failed desktop sales, what products drove their sales growth?

answer: the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service

text: the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service


text: Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are dependent entities of Yale College and have limited autonomy. The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship. Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as "Master's Teas," but do not contain programs of study or academic departments. Instead, all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: 's

text: residential

text: college

text: system

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: Edward

text: S.

text: Harkness

text: who

text: admired

text: the

text: social

text: intimacy

text: of

text: Oxford

text: and

text: Cambridge

text: and

text: donated

text: significant

text: funds

text: to

text: found

text: similar

text: colleges

text: at

text: Yale

text: and

text: Harvard

text: Though

text: Yale

text: 's

text: colleges

text: resemble

text: their

text: English

text: precursors

text: organizationally

text: and

text: architecturally

text: they

text: are

text: dependent

text: entities

text: of

text: Yale

text: College

text: and

text: have

text: limited

text: autonomy

text: The

text: colleges

text: are

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: master

text: and

text: an

text: academic

text: dean

text: who

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: college

text: and

text: university

text: faculty

text: and

text: affiliates

text: comprise

text: each

text: college

text: 's

text: fellowship

text: Colleges

text: offer

text: their

text: own

text: seminars

text: social

text: events

text: and

text: speaking

text: engagements

text: known

text: as

text: Master

text: 's

text: Teas

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: programs

text: of

text: study

text: or

text: academic

text: departments

text: Instead

text: all

text: undergraduate

text: courses

text: are

text: taught

text: by

text: the

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: and

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: any

text: college

question: When was Yale's residential college system established?

answer: 1933

question: Who established Yale's residential college system?

answer: Edward S. Harkness

text: Edward S. Harkness

question: Who runs Yale's residential colleges?

answer: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean

text: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean

question: Are there academic programs in Yale's residential colleges?

answer: do not contain programs of study or academic departments

text: do not contain programs of study or academic departments

question: Who teaches Yale's residential college's undergraduate classes?

answer: Faculty of Arts and Sciences

text: Faculty of Arts and Sciences


text: Frederick II of Prussia had received reports of the clashes in North America and had formed an alliance with Great Britain. On 29 August 1756, he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria. He intended this as a bold pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia. He had three goals in his new war on Austria. First, he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia, then using the Saxon army and treasury to aid the Prussian war effort. His second goal was to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense. Thirdly, he wanted to invade Moravia from Silesia, seize the fortress at Olmütz, and advance on Vienna to force an end to the war.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Frederick

text: II

text: of

text: Prussia

text: had

text: received

text: reports

text: of

text: the

text: clashes

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: had

text: formed

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: Great

text: Britain

text: On

text: August

text: he

text: led

text: Prussian

text: troops

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: Saxony

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: small

text: German

text: states

text: in

text: league

text: with

text: Austria

text: He

text: intended

text: this

text: as

text: a

text: bold

text: pre

text: emption

text: of

text: an

text: anticipated

text: Austro

text: French

text: invasion

text: of

text: Silesia

text: He

text: had

text: three

text: goals

text: in

text: his

text: new

text: war

text: on

text: Austria

text: First

text: he

text: would

text: seize

text: Saxony

text: and

text: eliminate

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: Prussia

text: then

text: using

text: the

text: Saxon

text: army

text: and

text: treasury

text: to

text: aid

text: the

text: Prussian

text: war

text: effort

text: His

text: second

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: advance

text: into

text: Bohemia

text: where

text: he

text: might

text: set

text: up

text: winter

text: quarters

text: at

text: Austria

text: 's

text: expense

text: Thirdly

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: invade

text: Moravia

text: from

text: Silesia

text: seize

text: the

text: fortress

text: at

text: Olmütz

text: and

text: advance

text: on

text: Vienna

text: to

text: force

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: war

question: How did Frederick II of Prussia respond to news of British and French clashes in North America?

answer: he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony

text: he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony

question: What country was Saxony aligned with?

answer: Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria

text: Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria

question: Fpr what possession of Prussia was the Saxony invasion a distraction?

answer: pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia

text: pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia

question: What was one goal of the invasion of Saxony?

answer: he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia

text: he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia

question: What was another goal of the invasion of Saxony?

answer: to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense

text: to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense


text: From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, and in 1884, Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles. By about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred "pilgrims," or traveling preachers. Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: From

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: supporters

text: gathered

text: as

text: autonomous

text: congregations

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: Bible

text: topically

text: Thirty

text: congregations

text: were

text: founded

text: and

text: during

text: and

text: Russell

text: visited

text: each

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: format

text: he

text: recommended

text: for

text: conducting

text: meetings

text: As

text: congregations

text: continued

text: to

text: form

text: during

text: Russell

text: 's

text: ministry

text: they

text: each

text: remained

text: self

text: administrative

text: functioning

text: under

text: the

text: congregationalist

text: style

text: of

text: church

text: governance

text: In

text: Zion

text: 's

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Tract

text: Society

text: was

text: presided

text: over

text: by

text: William

text: Henry

text: Conley

text: and

text: in

text: Charles

text: Taze

text: Russell

text: incorporated

text: the

text: society

text: as

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: business

text: to

text: distribute

text: tracts

text: and

text: Bibles

text: By

text: about

text: Russell

text: had

text: organized

text: thousands

text: of

text: part-

text: and

text: full

text: time

text: colporteurs

text: and

text: was

text: appointing

text: foreign

text: missionaries

text: and

text: establishing

text: branch

text: offices

text: By

text: the

text: Russell

text: 's

text: organization

text: maintained

text: nearly

text: a

text: hundred

text: pilgrims

text: or

text: traveling

text: preachers

text: Russell

text: engaged

text: in

text: significant

text: global

text: publishing

text: efforts

text: during

text: his

text: ministry

text: and

text: by

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: distributed

text: Christian

text: author

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: When did Watch Tower supporters gather as autonomous congregations to study the Bible?

answer: From 1879

text: From 1879

question: How many congregations were founded?

answer: Thirty

text: Thirty

question: What did the congregations which continued to form during Russell's ministry remain?

answer: self-administrative

text: self-administrative

question: When did Russell visit each of the congregations to provide the format he recommended to conduct their meetings?

answer: during 1879 and 1880

text: during 1879 and 1880

question: Who presided over Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881?

answer: William Henry Conley

text: William Henry Conley


text: On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" (Latin: "I accept nothing new except by common consent"). This forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility, in Sejm and Senat assembled, and thus greatly strengthened the nobility's political position. Basically, this act transferred legislative power from the king to the Sejm. This date commonly marks the beginning of the First Rzeczpospolita, the period of a szlachta-run "Commonwealth".

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: On

text: May

text: King

text: Alexander

text: I

text: Jagiellon

text: granted

text: the

text: Act

text: of

text: Nihil

text: novi

text: nisi

text: commune

text: consensu

text: Latin

text: I

text: accept

text: nothing

text: new

text: except

text: by

text: common

text: consent

text: This

text: forbade

text: the

text: king

text: to

text: pass

text: any

text: new

text: law

text: without

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: in

text: Sejm

text: and

text: Senat

text: assembled

text: and

text: thus

text: greatly

text: strengthened

text: the

text: nobility

text: 's

text: political

text: position

text: Basically

text: this

text: act

text: transferred

text: legislative

text: power

text: from

text: the

text: king

text: to

text: the

text: Sejm

text: This

text: date

text: commonly

text: marks

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Rzeczpospolita

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: a

text: szlachta

text: run

text: Commonwealth

question: When did the Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" happen?

answer: 3 May 1505

text: 3 May 1505

question: Who granted the act Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu"?

answer: King Alexander I Jagiellon

text: King Alexander I Jagiellon

question: What did The Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" Do

answer: forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility

text: forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility

question: What happened to the notabilities political position?

answer: greatly strengthened

text: greatly strengthened

question: What has happened to the legislative power?

answer: legislative power from the king to the Sejm.

text: legislative power from the king to the Sejm.


text: War work again brought local prosperity during World War II, this time centered on Boeing aircraft. The war dispersed the city's numerous Japanese-American businessmen due to the Japanese American internment. After the war, the local economy dipped. It rose again with Boeing's growing dominance in the commercial airliner market. Seattle celebrated its restored prosperity and made a bid for world recognition with the Century 21 Exposition, the 1962 World's Fair. Another major local economic downturn was in the late 1960s and early 1970s, at a time when Boeing was heavily affected by the oil crises, loss of Government contracts, and costs and delays associated with the Boeing 747. Many people left the area to look for work elsewhere, and two local real estate agents put up a billboard reading "Will the last person leaving Seattle – Turn out the lights."

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: War

text: work

text: again

text: brought

text: local

text: prosperity

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: this

text: time

text: centered

text: on

text: Boeing

text: aircraft

text: The

text: war

text: dispersed

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: numerous

text: Japanese

text: American

text: businessmen

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: American

text: internment

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: local

text: economy

text: dipped

text: It

text: rose

text: again

text: with

text: Boeing

text: 's

text: growing

text: dominance

text: in

text: the

text: commercial

text: airliner

text: market

text: Seattle

text: celebrated

text: its

text: restored

text: prosperity

text: and

text: made

text: a

text: bid

text: for

text: world

text: recognition

text: with

text: the

text: Century

text: Exposition

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Fair

text: Another

text: major

text: local

text: economic

text: downturn

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: Boeing

text: was

text: heavily

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: oil

text: crises

text: loss

text: of

text: Government

text: contracts

text: and

text: costs

text: and

text: delays

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Boeing

text: Many

text: people

text: left

text: the

text: area

text: to

text: look

text: for

text: work

text: elsewhere

text: and

text: two

text: local

text: real

text: estate

text: agents

text: put

text: up

text: a

text: billboard

text: reading

text: Will

text: the

text: last

text: person

text: leaving

text: Seattle

text: Turn

text: out

text: the

text: lights

question: During WWII what company added substantially to Seattle's economy?

answer: Boeing aircraft

text: Boeing aircraft

question: What national event during WWII left Seattle without Japanese businessmen?

answer: Japanese American internment

text: Japanese American internment

question: In what facet of the economy did Boeing excel?

answer: commercial airliner market

text: commercial airliner market

question: How did Seattle celebrate its economic rise in 1962?

answer: 1962 World's Fair

text: 1962 World's Fair

question: What company's downturn drastically effected Seattle's economy?

answer: Boeing

text: Boeing


text: Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO,[a] OECD, OIF, OSCE and the WTO. Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: is

text: a

text: democratic

text: and

text: developed

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: advanced

text: high

text: income

text: economy

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: a

text: very

text: high

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: A

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Greece

text: was

text: the

text: tenth

text: member

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: European

text: Communities

text: precursor

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: since

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: numerous

text: other

text: international

text: institutions

text: including

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Europe

text: NATO,[a

text: OECD

text: OIF

text: OSCE

text: and

text: the

text: WTO

text: Greece

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: shipping

text: powers

text: middle

text: powers

text: and

text: top

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: economy

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: regional

text: investor

question: Greece is one of the members who founded what organization?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations

question: Which political philosophy does Greece follow?

answer: democratic

text: democratic

question: When did Greece join the Eurozone?

answer: 2001

question: Greece has the biggest economic power where?

answer: Balkans

text: Balkans


text: Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the CDC: "Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries. This lack of access is one of many challenges to proper hygiene in less developed countries." Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: Basic

text: sanitation

text: techniques

text: can

text: have

text: a

text: profound

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: The

text: implementation

text: of

text: hand

text: washing

text: using

text: soap

text: and

text: water

text: for

text: example

text: has

text: been

text: experimentally

text: shown

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: incidence

text: of

text: disease

text: by

text: approximately

text: Hand

text: washing

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: however

text: is

text: compromised

text: by

text: poverty

text: as

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: the

text: CDC

text: Handwashing

text: is

text: integral

text: to

text: disease

text: prevention

text: in

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: however

text: access

text: to

text: soap

text: and

text: water

text: is

text: limited

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: less

text: developed

text: countries

text: This

text: lack

text: of

text: access

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: many

text: challenges

text: to

text: proper

text: hygiene

text: in

text: less

text: developed

text: countries

text: Solutions

text: to

text: this

text: barrier

text: require

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: educational

text: programs

text: that

text: encourage

text: sanitary

text: behaviours

question: What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases?

answer: Basic sanitation techniques

text: Basic sanitation techniques

question: How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease?

answer: approximately 42–48%

text: approximately 42–48%

question: Why do developing countries not wash their hands as much as other countries?

answer: access to soap and water is limited

text: access to soap and water is limited

question: What is a solution to help this problem?

answer: implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours

text: implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours


text: With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. It was also shown to 700 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne on 3 February 1879. These lamps used a carbon rod from an arc lamp rather than a slender filament. Thus they had low resistance and required very large conductors to supply the necessary current, so they were not commercially practical, although they did furnish a demonstration of the possibilities of incandescent lighting with relatively high vacuum, a carbon conductor, and platinum lead-in wires. Besides requiring too much current for a central station electric system to be practical, they had a very short lifetime. Swan turned his attention to producing a better carbon filament and the means of attaching its ends. He devised a method of treating cotton to produce 'parchmentised thread' and obtained British Patent 4933 in 1880. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and also the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. In 1878 the home of Lord Armstrong at Cragside was also among the first houses to be lit by electricity. In the early 1880s he had started his company. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: With

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: Charles

text: Stearn

text: an

text: expert

text: on

text: vacuum

text: pumps

text: in

text: Swan

text: developed

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: processing

text: that

text: avoided

text: the

text: early

text: bulb

text: blackening

text: This

text: received

text: a

text: British

text: Patent

text: in

text: discuss

text: On

text: December

text: a

text: lamp

text: using

text: a

text: slender

text: carbon

text: rod

text: was

text: shown

text: at

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Newcastle

text: Chemical

text: Society

text: and

text: Swan

text: gave

text: a

text: working

text: demonstration

text: at

text: their

text: meeting

text: on

text: January

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: shown

text: to

text: who

text: attended

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Literary

text: and

text: Philosophical

text: Society

text: of

text: Newcastle

text: upon

text: Tyne

text: on

text: February

text: These

text: lamps

text: used

text: a

text: carbon

text: rod

text: from

text: an

text: arc

text: lamp

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: slender

text: filament

text: Thus

text: they

text: had

text: low

text: resistance

text: and

text: required

text: very

text: large

text: conductors

text: to

text: supply

text: the

text: necessary

text: current

text: so

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: commercially

text: practical

text: although

text: they

text: did

text: furnish

text: a

text: demonstration

text: of

text: the

text: possibilities

text: of

text: incandescent

text: lighting

text: with

text: relatively

text: high

text: vacuum

text: a

text: carbon

text: conductor

text: and

text: platinum

text: lead

text: in

text: wires

text: Besides

text: requiring

text: too

text: much

text: current

text: for

text: a

text: central

text: station

text: electric

text: system

text: to

text: be

text: practical

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: very

text: short

text: lifetime

text: Swan

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: to

text: producing

text: a

text: better

text: carbon

text: filament

text: and

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: attaching

text: its

text: ends

text: He

text: devised

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: treating

text: cotton

text: to

text: produce

text: parchmentised

text: thread

text: and

text: obtained

text: British

text: Patent

text: in

text: From

text: this

text: year

text: he

text: began

text: installing

text: light

text: bulbs

text: in

text: homes

text: and

text: landmarks

text: in

text: England

text: His

text: house

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: by

text: a

text: lightbulb

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: by

text: hydroelectric

text: power

text: In

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Lord

text: Armstrong

text: at

text: Cragside

text: was

text: also

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: houses

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: by

text: electricity

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: he

text: had

text: started

text: his

text: company

text: In

text: the

text: Savoy

text: Theatre

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: London

text: was

text: lit

text: by

text: Swan

text: incandescent

text: lightbulbs

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: theatre

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: entirely

text: by

text: electricity

question: Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?

answer: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society

text: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society

question: Which vacuum pump expert helped Swan invent his lamp?

answer: Charles Stearn

text: Charles Stearn

question: Why was Swan's first lamp not commercially viable?

answer: 'parchmentised thread'

text: 'parchmentised thread'

question: When did Swan receive a patent for parchmentised thread?

answer: 1880

question: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?

answer: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London

text: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London


text: In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet. Much of the vocabulary, especially in the realms of science and sociology, comes directly from Chinese, comparable to Latin or Greek root words in European languages. However, due to the lack of tones in Korean,[citation needed] as the words were imported from Chinese, many dissimilar characters took on identical sounds, and subsequently identical spelling in hangul.[citation needed] Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed] It is also observed that the preference for Chinese characters is treated as being conservative and Confucian.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: times

text: past

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Korea

text: Literary

text: Chinese

text: was

text: the

text: dominant

text: form

text: of

text: written

text: communication

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: hangul

text: the

text: Korean

text: alphabet

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: vocabulary

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: realms

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: sociology

text: comes

text: directly

text: from

text: Chinese

text: comparable

text: to

text: Latin

text: or

text: Greek

text: root

text: words

text: in

text: European

text: languages

text: However

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: tones

text: in

text: Korean,[citation

text: needed

text: as

text: the

text: words

text: were

text: imported

text: from

text: Chinese

text: many

text: dissimilar

text: characters

text: took

text: on

text: identical

text: sounds

text: and

text: subsequently

text: identical

text: spelling

text: in

text: hangul.[citation

text: needed

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: for

text: either

text: clarification

text: in

text: a

text: practical

text: manner

text: or

text: to

text: give

text: a

text: distinguished

text: appearance

text: as

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: high

text: class

text: attribute

text: and

text: an

text: indispensable

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: classical

text: education.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: observed

text: that

text: the

text: preference

text: for

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: is

text: treated

text: as

text: being

text: conservative

text: and

text: Confucian

question: What was the dominant form of written communication?

answer: Literary Chinese

text: Literary Chinese

question: What is treated as being conservative and confucian?

answer: Chinese characters

text: Chinese characters

question: What comes directly from China?

answer: science and sociology

text: science and sociology


text: Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics (AO). The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics, was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii. Neptune is currently entering its spring and summer season and has been shown to be heating up, with increased atmospheric activity and brightness as a consequence. Combined with technological advancements, ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics are recording increasingly more detailed images of this Outer Planet. Both the HST and AO telescopes on Earth has made many new discoveries within the Solar System since the mid-1990s, with a large increase in the number of known satellites and moons around the Outer Planets for example. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: distance

text: of

text: Neptune

text: from

text: Earth

text: its

text: angular

text: diameter

text: only

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: arcseconds

text: the

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: planets

text: Its

text: small

text: apparent

text: size

text: makes

text: it

text: challenging

text: to

text: study

text: it

text: visually

text: Most

text: telescopic

text: data

text: was

text: fairly

text: limited

text: until

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: Hubble

text: Space

text: Telescope

text: HST

text: and

text: large

text: ground

text: based

text: telescopes

text: with

text: adaptive

text: optics

text: AO

text: The

text: first

text: scientifically

text: useful

text: observation

text: of

text: Neptune

text: from

text: ground

text: based

text: telescopes

text: using

text: adaptive

text: optics

text: was

text: commenced

text: in

text: from

text: Hawaii

text: Neptune

text: is

text: currently

text: entering

text: its

text: spring

text: and

text: summer

text: season

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: heating

text: up

text: with

text: increased

text: atmospheric

text: activity

text: and

text: brightness

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: Combined

text: with

text: technological

text: advancements

text: ground

text: based

text: telescopes

text: with

text: adaptive

text: optics

text: are

text: recording

text: increasingly

text: more

text: detailed

text: images

text: of

text: this

text: Outer

text: Planet

text: Both

text: the

text: HST

text: and

text: AO

text: telescopes

text: on

text: Earth

text: has

text: made

text: many

text: new

text: discoveries

text: within

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: since

text: the

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: known

text: satellites

text: and

text: moons

text: around

text: the

text: Outer

text: Planets

text: for

text: example

text: In

text: and

text: five

text: new

text: small

text: satellites

text: of

text: Neptune

text: with

text: diameters

text: between

text: and

text: kilometres

text: were

text: discovered

question: What is Neptune's angular diameter range?

answer: 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds

text: 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds

question: The advent of what telescope made it easier to study Neptune?

answer: Hubble Space Telescope

text: Hubble Space Telescope

question: When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground?

answer: 1997

question: What seasons are Neptune currently entering?

answer: spring and summer

text: spring and summer

question: What was discovered around Neptune in 2004 and 2005?

answer: five new small satellites

text: five new small satellites


text: However, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkish Cypriots under the 1960 constitution were too extensive and designed the Akritas plan, which was aimed at reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots, persuading the international community about the correctness of the changes and violently subjugating Turkish Cypriots in a few days should they not accept the plan. Tensions were heightened when Cypriot President Archbishop Makarios III called for constitutional changes, which were rejected by Turkey and opposed by Turkish Cypriots.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: However

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: power

text: as

text: foreseen

text: by

text: the

text: constitution

text: soon

text: resulted

text: in

text: legal

text: impasses

text: and

text: discontent

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: and

text: nationalist

text: militants

text: started

text: training

text: again

text: with

text: the

text: military

text: support

text: of

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: respectively

text: The

text: Greek

text: Cypriot

text: leadership

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: rights

text: given

text: to

text: Turkish

text: Cypriots

text: under

text: the

text: constitution

text: were

text: too

text: extensive

text: and

text: designed

text: the

text: Akritas

text: plan

text: which

text: was

text: aimed

text: at

text: reforming

text: the

text: constitution

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: Greek

text: Cypriots

text: persuading

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: about

text: the

text: correctness

text: of

text: the

text: changes

text: and

text: violently

text: subjugating

text: Turkish

text: Cypriots

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: days

text: should

text: they

text: not

text: accept

text: the

text: plan

text: Tensions

text: were

text: heightened

text: when

text: Cypriot

text: President

text: Archbishop

text: Makarios

text: III

text: called

text: for

text: constitutional

text: changes

text: which

text: were

text: rejected

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: opposed

text: by

text: Turkish

text: Cypriots

question: National militants had the support of what two countries?

answer: Greece and Turkey

text: Greece and Turkey

question: What was the goal of the Akritas plan?

answer: reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots

text: reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots

question: Which president called for constitutional changes?

answer: President Archbishop Makarios

text: President Archbishop Makarios

question: Who rejected the constitutional changes proposed by President Archbishop Makarios?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey


text: In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings. In September 1979, France overthrew Bokassa and "restored" Dacko to power (subsequently restoring the name of the country to the Central African Republic). Dacko, in turn, was again overthrown in a coup by General André Kolingba on 1 September 1981.

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: In

text: April

text: young

text: students

text: protested

text: against

text: Bokassa

text: 's

text: decree

text: that

text: all

text: school

text: attendees

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: buy

text: uniforms

text: from

text: a

text: company

text: owned

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: wives

text: The

text: government

text: violently

text: suppressed

text: the

text: protests

text: killing

text: children

text: and

text: teenagers

text: Bokassa

text: himself

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: personally

text: involved

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: killings

text: In

text: September

text: France

text: overthrew

text: Bokassa

text: and

text: restored

text: Dacko

text: to

text: power

text: subsequently

text: restoring

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: Dacko

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: again

text: overthrown

text: in

text: a

text: coup

text: by

text: General

text: André

text: Kolingba

text: on

text: September

question: What caused a violent uprising?

answer: young students protested against Bokassa's decree

text: young students protested against Bokassa's decree

question: How many were killed in the April 1979 protests?

answer: 100 children and teenagers

text: 100 children and teenagers

question: Who overthrew Bokassa after this incident?

answer: France

text: France

question: Who did France restore into power?

answer: Dacko

text: Dacko

question: Who eventually overthrew Dacko?

answer: General André Kolingba

text: General André Kolingba


text: Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation. Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity. About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly those defined as Turks, but also Greek Muslims like the Vallahades of western Macedonia, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Turkey. However, many refugees who settled in former Ottoman Muslim villages in Central Macedonia and were defined as Christian Orthodox Caucasus Greeks arrived from the former Russian Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast after it had been retroceded to Turkey but in the few years before the official population exchange.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Estimates

text: of

text: the

text: recognized

text: Greek

text: Muslim

text: minority

text: which

text: is

text: mostly

text: located

text: in

text: Thrace

text: range

text: from

text: to

text: about

text: while

text: the

text: immigrant

text: Muslim

text: community

text: numbers

text: between

text: and

text: Albanian

text: immigrants

text: to

text: Greece

text: are

text: usually

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Muslim

text: religion

text: although

text: most

text: are

text: secular

text: in

text: orientation

text: Following

text: the

text: Greco

text: Turkish

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lausanne

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: population

text: transfer

text: based

text: on

text: cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: identity

text: About

text: Muslims

text: from

text: Greece

text: predominantly

text: those

text: defined

text: as

text: Turks

text: but

text: also

text: Greek

text: Muslims

text: like

text: the

text: Vallahades

text: of

text: western

text: Macedonia

text: were

text: exchanged

text: with

text: approximately

text: Greeks

text: from

text: Turkey

text: However

text: many

text: refugees

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: former

text: Ottoman

text: Muslim

text: villages

text: in

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: were

text: defined

text: as

text: Christian

text: Orthodox

text: Caucasus

text: Greeks

text: arrived

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Transcaucasus

text: province

text: of

text: Kars

text: Oblast

text: after

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: retroceded

text: to

text: Turkey

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: few

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: official

text: population

text: exchange

question: What is the religious minority in Greece?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?

answer: Thrace

text: Thrace

question: Immigrants from Albania are usually what religion?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: Greek Muslims were in a population exchange with what country?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey


text: By the January 2004 Iowa caucuses, the field had dwindled down to nine candidates, as Bob Graham had dropped out of the race. Howard Dean was a strong front-runner. However, the Iowa caucuses yielded unexpectedly strong results for Democratic candidates John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards, who took 32%. Former front-runner Howard Dean slipped to 18% and third place, and Richard Gephardt finished fourth (11%). In the days leading up to the Iowa vote, there was much negative campaigning between the Dean and Gephardt camps.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: By

text: the

text: January

text: Iowa

text: caucuses

text: the

text: field

text: had

text: dwindled

text: down

text: to

text: nine

text: candidates

text: as

text: Bob

text: Graham

text: had

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: race

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: was

text: a

text: strong

text: front

text: runner

text: However

text: the

text: Iowa

text: caucuses

text: yielded

text: unexpectedly

text: strong

text: results

text: for

text: Democratic

text: candidates

text: John

text: Kerry

text: who

text: earned

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: delegates

text: and

text: John

text: Edwards

text: who

text: took

text: Former

text: front

text: runner

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: slipped

text: to

text: and

text: third

text: place

text: and

text: Richard

text: Gephardt

text: finished

text: fourth

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Iowa

text: vote

text: there

text: was

text: much

text: negative

text: campaigning

text: between

text: the

text: Dean

text: and

text: Gephardt

text: camps

question: How many candidates remained by the end of the Iowa caucuses, in January 2004?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: Which two candidates had surprising results despite Howard Dean being the strong front-runner?

answer: John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards

text: John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards

question: Which candidate slipped into third place, following the Iowa caucuses?

answer: Dean

text: Dean

question: Preceding the Iowa caucuses, which candidates used naysaying tactics in their campaigning?

answer: Dean and Gephardt

text: Dean and Gephardt

question: Which candidate dropped out of the race, leaving the field to nine candidates?

answer: Bob Graham

text: Bob Graham


text: In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coal mines and were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child labourers in the 1910s powerfully evoked the plight of working children in the American south. Hines took these photographs between 1908 and 1917 as the staff photographer for the National Child Labor Committee.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: over

text: million

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: age

text: group

text: were

text: employed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: This

text: included

text: children

text: who

text: rolled

text: cigarettes

text: engaged

text: in

text: factory

text: work

text: worked

text: as

text: bobbin

text: doffers

text: in

text: textile

text: mills

text: worked

text: in

text: coal

text: mines

text: and

text: were

text: employed

text: in

text: canneries

text: Lewis

text: Hine

text: 's

text: photographs

text: of

text: child

text: labourers

text: in

text: the

text: powerfully

text: evoked

text: the

text: plight

text: of

text: working

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: south

text: Hines

text: took

text: these

text: photographs

text: between

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: staff

text: photographer

text: for

text: the

text: National

text: Child

text: Labor

text: Committee

question: Where was photographer Lewis Hine employed?

answer: National Child Labor Committee

text: National Child Labor Committee

question: What year were over 2 million children employed in the US?

answer: 1910

question: What did children roll in a factory?

answer: cigarettes

text: cigarettes

question: What did child do in textile mills in the US?

answer: bobbin doffers

text: bobbin doffers


text: The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi mosque. Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit was appointed there by Hazrat Muhammad as teacher and among the students.[citation needed] In the curriculum of the madrasa, there were teachings of The Qur'an,The Hadith, fara'iz, tajweed, genealogy, treatises of first aid, etc. There were also trainings of horse-riding, art of war, handwriting and calligraphy, athletics and martial arts. The first part of madrasa based education is estimated from the first day of "nabuwwat" to the first portion of the "Umaiya" caliphate.[citation needed]

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: The

text: first

text: institute

text: of

text: madrasa

text: education

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: estate

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Zaid

text: bin

text: Arkam

text: near

text: a

text: hill

text: called

text: Safa

text: where

text: Hazrat

text: Muhammad

text: was

text: the

text: teacher

text: and

text: the

text: students

text: were

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: followers.[citation

text: needed

text: After

text: Hijrah

text: migration

text: the

text: madrasa

text: of

text: Suffa

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Madina

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Al

text: Masjid

text: an

text: Nabawi

text: mosque

text: Hazrat

text: Ubada

text: bin

text: Samit

text: was

text: appointed

text: there

text: by

text: Hazrat

text: Muhammad

text: as

text: teacher

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: students.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: curriculum

text: of

text: the

text: madrasa

text: there

text: were

text: teachings

text: of

text: The

text: Qur'an

text: The

text: Hadith

text: fara'iz

text: tajweed

text: genealogy

text: treatises

text: of

text: first

text: aid

text: etc

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: trainings

text: of

text: horse

text: riding

text: art

text: of

text: war

text: handwriting

text: and

text: calligraphy

text: athletics

text: and

text: martial

text: arts

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: madrasa

text: based

text: education

text: is

text: estimated

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: nabuwwat

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Umaiya

text: caliphate.[citation

text: needed

question: Where was the first madrasa located?

answer: the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam

text: the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam

question: Who was the teacher at the first madrasa?

answer: Hazrat Muhammad

text: Hazrat Muhammad

question: Who was named as a teacher at the second madrasa, housed in a mosque?

answer: Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit

text: Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit

question: What handwriting art form was taught in the early madaris?

answer: calligraphy

text: calligraphy

question: What type of physical fitness activities were taught in the early madaris?

answer: athletics and martial arts

text: athletics and martial arts


text: Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderson asserted that it's not far-fetched to say that online video will dramatically accelerate scientific advance, and that video contributors may be about to launch "the biggest learning cycle in human history." In education, for example, the Khan Academy grew from YouTube video tutoring sessions for founder Salman Khan's cousin into what Forbes'  Michael Noer called "the largest school in the world", with technology poised to disrupt how people learn.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: Observing

text: that

text: face

text: to

text: face

text: communication

text: of

text: the

text: type

text: that

text: online

text: videos

text: convey

text: has

text: been

text: fine

text: tuned

text: by

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: of

text: evolution

text: TED

text: curator

text: Chris

text: Anderson

text: referred

text: to

text: several

text: YouTube

text: contributors

text: and

text: asserted

text: that

text: what

text: Gutenberg

text: did

text: for

text: writing

text: online

text: video

text: can

text: now

text: do

text: for

text: face

text: to

text: face

text: communication

text: Anderson

text: asserted

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: far

text: fetched

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: online

text: video

text: will

text: dramatically

text: accelerate

text: scientific

text: advance

text: and

text: that

text: video

text: contributors

text: may

text: be

text: about

text: to

text: launch

text: the

text: biggest

text: learning

text: cycle

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: In

text: education

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Khan

text: Academy

text: grew

text: from

text: YouTube

text: video

text: tutoring

text: sessions

text: for

text: founder

text: Salman

text: Khan

text: 's

text: cousin

text: into

text: what

text: Forbes

text: Michael

text: Noer

text: called

text: the

text: largest

text: school

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: technology

text: poised

text: to

text: disrupt

text: how

text: people

text: learn

question: Who is the TED curator?

answer: Chris Anderson

text: Chris Anderson

question: What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize?

answer: face-to-face communication

text: face-to-face communication

question: Who is the founder of the Khan Academy?

answer: Salman Khan

text: Salman Khan

question: What other surprising aspect of human development will youtube likely have an impact on?

answer: education

text: education


text: Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off." As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: years

text: in

text: among

text: the

text: lowest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: AIDS

text: epidemic

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: problem

text: in

text: Namibia

text: Though

text: its

text: rate

text: of

text: infection

text: is

text: substantially

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: its

text: eastern

text: neighbour

text: Botswana

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: adult

text: population

text: is[update

text: infected

text: with

text: HIV

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: an

text: estimated

text: people

text: living

text: with

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: and

text: the

text: estimated

text: death

text: toll

text: in

text: was

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: UNAIDS

text: Report

text: the

text: epidemic

text: in

text: Namibia

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: leveling

text: off

text: As

text: the

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: epidemic

text: has

text: reduced

text: the

text: working

text: aged

text: population

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: orphans

text: has

text: increased

text: It

text: falls

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: to

text: provide

text: education

text: food

text: shelter

text: and

text: clothing

text: for

text: these

text: orphans

question: What is the life expectancy in Namibia?

answer: 52.2

question: What epidemic is a large problem in Namibia?

answer: AIDS

text: AIDS

question: How much of the Namibian population is infected with HIV?

answer: 13.1%

question: How many people living in 2001 had HIV/AIDS in Namibia?

answer: 210,000

question: How many deaths were associated with HIV/AIDS in Namibia in 2003?

answer: 16,000.


text: The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: existence

text: of

text: discrete

text: inheritable

text: units

text: was

text: first

text: suggested

text: by

text: Gregor

text: Mendel

text: From

text: to

text: he

text: studied

text: inheritance

text: patterns

text: in

text: common

text: edible

text: pea

text: plants

text: tracking

text: distinct

text: traits

text: from

text: parent

text: to

text: offspring

text: He

text: described

text: these

text: mathematically

text: as

text: combinations

text: where

text: n

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: differing

text: characteristics

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: peas

text: Although

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: gene

text: he

text: explained

text: his

text: results

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: discrete

text: inherited

text: units

text: that

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: observable

text: physical

text: characteristics

text: This

text: description

text: prefigured

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: genotype

text: the

text: genetic

text: material

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: and

text: phenotype

text: the

text: visible

text: traits

text: of

text: that

text: organism

text: Mendel

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: independent

text: assortment

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: dominant

text: and

text: recessive

text: traits

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: a

text: heterozygote

text: and

text: homozygote

text: and

text: the

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: discontinuous

text: inheritance

question: Who first suggested the existence of discrete inheritable units?

answer: Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)

text: Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)

question: If a distinct trait in edible pea plants is mathematically described as a 2n combination, what does n represent?

answer: n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas

text: n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas

question: What is one thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?

answer: independent assortment

text: independent assortment

question: What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?

answer: the distinction between dominant and recessive traits

text: the distinction between dominant and recessive traits

question: What did Gregor Mendel explain his results in terms of?

answer: discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics

text: discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics


text: As of 2010[update], the city of Montevideo has been divided into 8 political municipalities (Municipios), referred to with the letters from A to G, including CH, each presided over by a mayor elected by the citizens registered in the constituency. This division, according to the Municipality of Montevideo, "aims to advance political and administrative decentralization in the department of Montevideo, with the aim of deepening the democratic participation of citizens in governance." The head of each Municipio is called an alcalde or (if female) alcaldesa.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: has

text: been

text: divided

text: into

text: political

text: municipalities

text: Municipios

text: referred

text: to

text: with

text: the

text: letters

text: from

text: A

text: to

text: G

text: including

text: CH

text: each

text: presided

text: over

text: by

text: a

text: mayor

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: citizens

text: registered

text: in

text: the

text: constituency

text: This

text: division

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Municipality

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: aims

text: to

text: advance

text: political

text: and

text: administrative

text: decentralization

text: in

text: the

text: department

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: deepening

text: the

text: democratic

text: participation

text: of

text: citizens

text: in

text: governance

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: each

text: Municipio

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: alcalde

text: or

text: if

text: female

text: alcaldesa

question: How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010?

answer: 8

question: What is the head of each Municipio called?

answer: an alcalde

text: an alcalde

question: Who elects the mayor of the political municipalities?

answer: the citizens registered in the constituency

text: the citizens registered in the constituency


text: In 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads. Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison), allowed power from electric motors to be returned to the electric grid, provided for electric distribution to trolleys via overhead wires and the trolley pole, and provided controls systems for electric operations. This allowed Sprague to use electric motors to invent the first electric trolley system in 1887–88 in Richmond VA, the electric elevator and control system in 1892, and the electric subway with independently powered centrally controlled cars, which were first installed in 1892 in Chicago by the South Side Elevated Railway where it became popularly known as the "L". Sprague's motor and related inventions led to an explosion of interest and use in electric motors for industry, while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor, which would become much more widespread. The development of electric motors of acceptable efficiency was delayed for several decades by failure to recognize the extreme importance of a relatively small air gap between rotor and stator. Efficient designs have a comparatively small air gap. [a] The St. Louis motor, long used in classrooms to illustrate motor principles, is extremely inefficient for the same reason, as well as appearing nothing like a modern motor.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: In

text: Frank

text: Julian

text: Sprague

text: invented

text: the

text: first

text: practical

text: DC

text: motor

text: a

text: non

text: sparking

text: motor

text: that

text: maintained

text: relatively

text: constant

text: speed

text: under

text: variable

text: loads

text: Other

text: Sprague

text: electric

text: inventions

text: about

text: this

text: time

text: greatly

text: improved

text: grid

text: electric

text: distribution

text: prior

text: work

text: done

text: while

text: employed

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: allowed

text: power

text: from

text: electric

text: motors

text: to

text: be

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: electric

text: grid

text: provided

text: for

text: electric

text: distribution

text: to

text: trolleys

text: via

text: overhead

text: wires

text: and

text: the

text: trolley

text: pole

text: and

text: provided

text: controls

text: systems

text: for

text: electric

text: operations

text: This

text: allowed

text: Sprague

text: to

text: use

text: electric

text: motors

text: to

text: invent

text: the

text: first

text: electric

text: trolley

text: system

text: in

text: in

text: Richmond

text: VA

text: the

text: electric

text: elevator

text: and

text: control

text: system

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: electric

text: subway

text: with

text: independently

text: powered

text: centrally

text: controlled

text: cars

text: which

text: were

text: first

text: installed

text: in

text: in

text: Chicago

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: Side

text: Elevated

text: Railway

text: where

text: it

text: became

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: L

text: Sprague

text: 's

text: motor

text: and

text: related

text: inventions

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: explosion

text: of

text: interest

text: and

text: use

text: in

text: electric

text: motors

text: for

text: industry

text: while

text: almost

text: simultaneously

text: another

text: great

text: inventor

text: was

text: developing

text: its

text: primary

text: competitor

text: which

text: would

text: become

text: much

text: more

text: widespread

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: electric

text: motors

text: of

text: acceptable

text: efficiency

text: was

text: delayed

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: by

text: failure

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: extreme

text: importance

text: of

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: air

text: gap

text: between

text: rotor

text: and

text: stator

text: Efficient

text: designs

text: have

text: a

text: comparatively

text: small

text: air

text: gap

text: a

text: The

text: St.

text: Louis

text: motor

text: long

text: used

text: in

text: classrooms

text: to

text: illustrate

text: motor

text: principles

text: is

text: extremely

text: inefficient

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: reason

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: appearing

text: nothing

text: like

text: a

text: modern

text: motor

question: What needs to exist between the rotor and stator for increased efficiency?

answer: small air gap

text: small air gap

question: Which inventor created the first useful DC motor?

answer: Frank Julian Sprague

text: Frank Julian Sprague

question: What was the transportation advancement made possible by Sprague's designs?

answer: electric trolley system

text: electric trolley system

question: What was the name of Chicago's first electric trolley system?

answer: South Side Elevated Railway

text: South Side Elevated Railway

question: Who did Sprague work for early in his career?

answer: Thomas Edison

text: Thomas Edison