text: A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij). The papal brief was later revoked, on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: A

text: month

text: after

text: having

text: decreed

text: the

text: reform

text: the

text: pope

text: with

text: a

text: brief

text: of

text: April

text: granted

text: to

text: Antonio

text: Lilio

text: the

text: brother

text: of

text: Luigi

text: Lilio

text: the

text: exclusive

text: right

text: to

text: publish

text: the

text: calendar

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: ten

text: years

text: The

text: Lunario

text: Novo

text: secondo

text: la

text: nuova

text: riforma

text: printed

text: by

text: Vincenzo

text: Accolti

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: calendars

text: printed

text: in

text: Rome

text: after

text: the

text: reform

text: notes

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: signed

text: with

text: papal

text: authorization

text: and

text: by

text: Lilio

text: Con

text: licentia

text: delli

text: Superiori

text: et

text: permissu

text: Ant(onii

text: Lilij

text: The

text: papal

text: brief

text: was

text: later

text: revoked

text: on

text: September

text: because

text: Antonio

text: Lilio

text: proved

text: unable

text: to

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: copies

question: When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?

answer: 3 April 1582

text: 3 April 1582

question: Who awarded the rights to publish the calendar?

answer: the pope

text: the pope

question: What problem caused the papal brief granting the right to publish to be withdrawn?

answer: demand for copies

text: demand for copies

question: When were the rights to print the calendar withdrawn?

answer: 20 September 1582

text: 20 September 1582

question: Where were the first calendars printed?

answer: Rome

text: Rome


text: The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: Sangoma

text: is

text: a

text: traditional

text: diviner

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: that

text: particular

text: family

text: The

text: training

text: of

text: the

text: Sangoma

text: is

text: called

text: kwetfwasa

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: training

text: a

text: graduation

text: ceremony

text: takes

text: place

text: where

text: all

text: the

text: local

text: sangoma

text: come

text: together

text: for

text: feasting

text: and

text: dancing

text: The

text: diviner

text: is

text: consulted

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: such

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: sickness

text: or

text: even

text: death

text: His

text: diagnosis

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: kubhula

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: communication

text: through

text: trance

text: with

text: the

text: natural

text: superpowers

text: The

text: Inyanga

text: a

text: medical

text: and

text: pharmaceutical

text: specialist

text: in

text: western

text: terms

text: possesses

text: the

text: bone

text: throwing

text: skill

text: kushaya

text: ematsambo

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: sickness

question: In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa?

answer: training of the Sangoma

text: training of the Sangoma

question: What is a Sangoma in Swaziland?

answer: a traditional diviner

text: a traditional diviner

question: Why might one want to discover when consulting a sangoma in Swaziland?

answer: the cause of sickness or even death

text: the cause of sickness or even death

question: How does a sangoma in Swaziland communicate?

answer: kubhula

text: kubhula

question: What is kushaya ematsambo used for?

answer: to determine the cause of the sickness

text: to determine the cause of the sickness


text: If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: If

text: a

text: tree

text: grows

text: all

text: its

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: open

text: and

text: the

text: conditions

text: of

text: soil

text: and

text: site

text: remain

text: unchanged

text: it

text: will

text: make

text: its

text: most

text: rapid

text: growth

text: in

text: youth

text: and

text: gradually

text: decline

text: The

text: annual

text: rings

text: of

text: growth

text: are

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: quite

text: wide

text: but

text: later

text: they

text: become

text: narrower

text: and

text: narrower

text: Since

text: each

text: succeeding

text: ring

text: is

text: laid

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: wood

text: previously

text: formed

text: it

text: follows

text: that

text: unless

text: a

text: tree

text: materially

text: increases

text: its

text: production

text: of

text: wood

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: the

text: rings

text: must

text: necessarily

text: become

text: thinner

text: as

text: the

text: trunk

text: gets

text: wider

text: As

text: a

text: tree

text: reaches

text: maturity

text: its

text: crown

text: becomes

text: more

text: open

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: wood

text: production

text: is

text: lessened

text: thereby

text: reducing

text: still

text: more

text: the

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: rings

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: forest

text: grown

text: trees

text: so

text: much

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: competition

text: of

text: the

text: trees

text: in

text: their

text: struggle

text: for

text: light

text: and

text: nourishment

text: that

text: periods

text: of

text: rapid

text: and

text: slow

text: growth

text: may

text: alternate

text: Some

text: trees

text: such

text: as

text: southern

text: oaks

text: maintain

text: the

text: same

text: width

text: of

text: ring

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: years

text: Upon

text: the

text: whole

text: however

text: as

text: a

text: tree

text: gets

text: larger

text: in

text: diameter

text: the

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: rings

text: decreases

question: In what stage of its life does a tree usually grow the fastest?

answer: youth

text: youth

question: As a tree ages, do its growth rings usually get wider or narrower?

answer: narrower

text: narrower

question: What part of a tree opens and spreads out more as it matures?

answer: crown

text: crown

question: Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages?

answer: lessened

text: lessened

question: Along with nutrients, what do trees growing in forests have to compete for?

answer: light

text: light


text: The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: The

text: operational

text: framework

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: Byelaws

text: which

text: are

text: more

text: frequently

text: updated

text: than

text: the

text: Charter

text: Any

text: revisions

text: to

text: the

text: Charter

text: or

text: Byelaws

text: require

text: the

text: Privy

text: Council

text: 's

text: approval

question: What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?

answer: the Byelaws

text: the Byelaws

question: What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?

answer: the Byelaws

text: the Byelaws

question: What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?

answer: the Privy Council's approval

text: the Privy Council's approval


text: The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń and ǵ" respectively in the "Rječnik hrvatskog ili srpskog jezika", published by the former Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. The latter digraphs, however, are unused in the literary standard of the language. All in all, this makes Serbo-Croatian the only Slavic language to officially use both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, albeit the Latin version is more commonly used.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: The

text: Croatian

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: Gajica

text: followed

text: suit

text: shortly

text: afterwards

text: when

text: Ljudevit

text: Gaj

text: defined

text: it

text: as

text: standard

text: Latin

text: with

text: five

text: extra

text: letters

text: that

text: had

text: diacritics

text: apparently

text: borrowing

text: much

text: from

text: Czech

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: Polish

text: and

text: inventing

text: the

text: unique

text: digraphs

text: lj

text: nj

text: and

text: dž

text: These

text: digraphs

text: are

text: represented

text: as

text: ļ

text: ń

text: and

text: ǵ

text: respectively

text: in

text: the

text: Rječnik

text: hrvatskog

text: ili

text: srpskog

text: jezika

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslav

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: and

text: Arts

text: in

text: Zagreb

text: The

text: latter

text: digraphs

text: however

text: are

text: unused

text: in

text: the

text: literary

text: standard

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: All

text: in

text: all

text: this

text: makes

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: the

text: only

text: Slavic

text: language

text: to

text: officially

text: use

text: both

text: the

text: Latin

text: and

text: Cyrillic

text: scripts

text: albeit

text: the

text: Latin

text: version

text: is

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

question: Serbo-Croatian is the only Slavic language to use what two scripts together?

answer: Latin and Cyrillic

text: Latin and Cyrillic

question: Which version, Latin or Cyrillic, is most commonly used?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have?

answer: five

text: five


text: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: counties

text: that

text: govern

text: locally

text: each

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: three

text: member

text: council

text: of

text: elected

text: commissioners

text: a

text: tax

text: assessor

text: clerk

text: court

text: clerk

text: treasurer

text: and

text: sheriff

text: While

text: each

text: municipality

text: operates

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: and

text: independent

text: local

text: government

text: with

text: executive

text: legislative

text: and

text: judicial

text: power

text: county

text: governments

text: maintain

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: both

text: incorporated

text: cities

text: and

text: non

text: incorporated

text: areas

text: within

text: their

text: boundaries

text: but

text: have

text: executive

text: power

text: but

text: no

text: legislative

text: or

text: judicial

text: power

text: Both

text: county

text: and

text: municipal

text: governments

text: collect

text: taxes

text: employ

text: a

text: separate

text: police

text: force

text: hold

text: elections

text: and

text: operate

text: emergency

text: response

text: services

text: within

text: their

text: jurisdiction

text: Other

text: local

text: government

text: units

text: include

text: school

text: districts

text: technology

text: center

text: districts

text: community

text: college

text: districts

text: rural

text: fire

text: departments

text: rural

text: water

text: districts

text: and

text: other

text: special

text: use

text: districts

question: How many county commissioners does each Oklahoma county have?

answer: three

text: three

question: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?

answer: commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff

text: commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff

question: How many counties are in Oklahoma?

answer: 77

question: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma?

answer: Both county and municipal governments

text: Both county and municipal governments

question: Who can hold elections in Oklahoma?

answer: Both county and municipal governments

text: Both county and municipal governments


text: During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: During

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: a

text: principal

text: focus

text: of

text: Canadian

text: defence

text: policy

text: was

text: contributing

text: to

text: the

text: security

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: military

text: threat

text: Toward

text: that

text: end

text: Canadian

text: ground

text: and

text: air

text: forces

text: were

text: based

text: in

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: until

text: the

text: early

question: What war were the CAF involved in?

answer: Cold War

text: Cold War

question: What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war?

answer: the security of Europe

text: the security of Europe

question: What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe?

answer: the Soviet military threat

text: the Soviet military threat

question: Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe?

answer: the early 1950s

text: the early 1950s

question: What year did the CAF leave Europe?

answer: the early 1990s

text: the early 1990s


text: In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty" on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: In

text: Feynman

text: delivered

text: the

text: Caltech

text: commencement

text: address

text: on

text: the

text: topic

text: of

text: cargo

text: cult

text: science

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: semblance

text: of

text: science

text: but

text: is

text: only

text: pseudoscience

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: scientific

text: integrity

text: a

text: principle

text: of

text: scientific

text: thought

text: that

text: corresponds

text: to

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: utter

text: honesty

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: scientist

text: He

text: instructed

text: the

text: graduating

text: class

text: that

text: The

text: first

text: principle

text: is

text: that

text: you

text: must

text: not

text: fool

text: yourself

text: and

text: you

text: are

text: the

text: easiest

text: person

text: to

text: fool

text: So

text: you

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: careful

text: about

text: that

text: After

text: you

text: 've

text: not

text: fooled

text: yourself

text: it

text: 's

text: easy

text: not

text: to

text: fool

text: other

text: scientists

text: You

text: just

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: honest

text: in

text: a

text: conventional

text: way

text: after

text: that

question: In which year did Feynman orate the Caltech commencement speech?

answer: 1974

question: Which topic did Feynman's commencement speech at Caltech center around?

answer: cargo cult science

text: cargo cult science

question: What did Feyman tell the class that they must not do to themselves?

answer: fool yourself

text: fool yourself

question: What is cargo cult science?

answer: pseudoscience

text: pseudoscience


text: The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 92 professional teams. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, non-league teams have never reached the quarter finals, and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final.[note 1] As a result, as well as who wins, significant focus is given to those "minnows" (smaller teams) who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely "giant-killing" victory.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: first

text: six

text: rounds

text: are

text: the

text: Qualifying

text: Competition

text: from

text: which

text: teams

text: progress

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: of

text: the

text: Competition

text: Proper

text: meeting

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: professional

text: teams

text: The

text: last

text: entrants

text: are

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: Championship

text: clubs

text: into

text: the

text: draw

text: for

text: the

text: Third

text: Round

text: Proper

text: In

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: non

text: league

text: teams

text: have

text: never

text: reached

text: the

text: quarter

text: finals

text: and

text: teams

text: below

text: Level

text: have

text: never

text: reached

text: the

text: final.[note

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: who

text: wins

text: significant

text: focus

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: those

text: minnows

text: smaller

text: teams

text: who

text: progress

text: furthest

text: especially

text: if

text: they

text: achieve

text: an

text: unlikely

text: giant

text: killing

text: victory

question: What rounds are the qualifiers?

answer: first six rounds

text: first six rounds

question: How many teams in the first round?

answer: 92 professional teams.

text: 92 professional teams.

question: What league enters in the third round?

answer: Premier League and Championship clubs

text: Premier League and Championship clubs

question: In the modern era, has any non-league team reached the quarter finals??

answer: never reached the quarter finals

text: never reached the quarter finals

question: Has a level 2 club reached the finals ever?

answer: Level 2 have never reached the final.

text: Level 2 have never reached the final.


text: In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: In

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: Gilbert

text: and

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: campaign

text: invaded

text: and

text: occupied

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: destroying

text: or

text: isolating

text: the

text: Japanese

text: garrisons

text: In

text: just

text: one

text: month

text: in

text: Americans

text: captured

text: Kwajalein

text: Atoll

text: Majuro

text: and

text: Enewetak

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: months

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: except

text: for

text: Wotje

text: Mili

text: Maloelap

text: and

text: Jaluit

question: During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshall Islands?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls?

answer: the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

text: the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

question: In what year did the United States occupy the Marshalls?

answer: 1944

question: How many months did it take for the US to occupy Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak?

answer: one

text: one

question: Along with Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit, what parts of the Marshall Islands were not occupied in the first three months of the American campaign?

answer: Wotje

text: Wotje


text: The portable or table lamp is probably the most common fixture, found in many homes and offices. The standard lamp and shade that sits on a table is general lighting, while the desk lamp is considered task lighting. Magnifier lamps are also task lighting.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: The

text: portable

text: or

text: table

text: lamp

text: is

text: probably

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: fixture

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: homes

text: and

text: offices

text: The

text: standard

text: lamp

text: and

text: shade

text: that

text: sits

text: on

text: a

text: table

text: is

text: general

text: lighting

text: while

text: the

text: desk

text: lamp

text: is

text: considered

text: task

text: lighting

text: Magnifier

text: lamps

text: are

text: also

text: task

text: lighting

question: What is one type of fixture commonly found in offices?

answer: table lamp

text: table lamp

question: Magnifier lamps are considered what type of lighting?

answer: task lighting

text: task lighting


text: According to the same study, even though digital piracy inflicts additional costs on the production side of media, it also offers the main access to media goods in developing countries. The strong tradeoffs that favor using digital piracy in developing economies dictate the current neglected law enforcements toward digital piracy. In China, the issue of digital infringement is not merely legal, but social – originating from the high demand for cheap and affordable goods as well as the governmental connections of the businesses which produce such goods.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: study

text: even

text: though

text: digital

text: piracy

text: inflicts

text: additional

text: costs

text: on

text: the

text: production

text: side

text: of

text: media

text: it

text: also

text: offers

text: the

text: main

text: access

text: to

text: media

text: goods

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: The

text: strong

text: tradeoffs

text: that

text: favor

text: using

text: digital

text: piracy

text: in

text: developing

text: economies

text: dictate

text: the

text: current

text: neglected

text: law

text: enforcements

text: toward

text: digital

text: piracy

text: In

text: China

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: digital

text: infringement

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: legal

text: but

text: social

text: originating

text: from

text: the

text: high

text: demand

text: for

text: cheap

text: and

text: affordable

text: goods

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: governmental

text: connections

text: of

text: the

text: businesses

text: which

text: produce

text: such

text: goods

question: Even though piracy adds costs to production, what else is offered to developing countries?

answer: main access to media goods

text: main access to media goods

question: What do the tradeoffs of digital piracy support?

answer: current neglected law enforcements

text: current neglected law enforcements

question: In what country is the issue of digital infringement social?

answer: China

text: China

question: What is in high demand in this country?

answer: cheap and affordable goods

text: cheap and affordable goods

question: What does the government of this country provide to businesses that produce content?

answer: connections

text: connections


text: The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Report

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Program

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: calculates

text: HDI

text: values

text: based

text: on

text: estimates

text: for

text: Below

text: is

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: countries

question: On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?

answer: November 4, 2010

text: November 4, 2010

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?

answer: 2010


text: The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county. The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School (founded 1856) and Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907). It has a purpose-built campus at Claverton on the outskirts of Bath, and has 15,000 students. Bath Spa University, which is based at Newton St Loe, achieved university status in 2005, and has origins including the Bath Academy of Art (founded 1898), Bath Teacher Training College, and the Bath College of Higher Education. It has several campuses and 5,500 students.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Bath

text: and

text: Bath

text: Spa

text: University

text: are

text: higher

text: education

text: establishments

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Bath

text: gained

text: its

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: in

text: although

text: its

text: origins

text: go

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Trade

text: School

text: founded

text: and

text: Bath

text: School

text: of

text: Pharmacy

text: founded

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: purpose

text: built

text: campus

text: at

text: Claverton

text: on

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: Bath

text: and

text: has

text: students

text: Bath

text: Spa

text: University

text: which

text: is

text: based

text: at

text: Newton

text: St

text: Loe

text: achieved

text: university

text: status

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: origins

text: including

text: the

text: Bath

text: Academy

text: of

text: Art

text: founded

text: Bath

text: Teacher

text: Training

text: College

text: and

text: the

text: Bath

text: College

text: of

text: Higher

text: Education

text: It

text: has

text: several

text: campuses

text: and

text: students

question: Bath school of pharmacy founded in

answer: Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907

text: Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907

question: When did Bath Spa Gain University status

answer: achieved university status in 2005

text: achieved university status in 2005

question: When did the university of Bath gain royal charter

answer: The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School

text: The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School

question: What University are in Bath

answer: The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county

text: The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county


text: The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary greatly from year to year. These rains sustain summer pastures of grasses and herbs, with dry woodlands and shrublands along seasonal watercourses. This ecoregion covers 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2) in Algeria, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Sudan.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: The

text: South

text: Saharan

text: steppe

text: and

text: woodlands

text: ecoregion

text: is

text: a

text: narrow

text: band

text: running

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: between

text: the

text: hyper

text: arid

text: Sahara

text: and

text: the

text: Sahel

text: savannas

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Movements

text: of

text: the

text: equatorial

text: Intertropical

text: Convergence

text: Zone

text: ITCZ

text: bring

text: summer

text: rains

text: during

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: which

text: average

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

text: but

text: vary

text: greatly

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: These

text: rains

text: sustain

text: summer

text: pastures

text: of

text: grasses

text: and

text: herbs

text: with

text: dry

text: woodlands

text: and

text: shrublands

text: along

text: seasonal

text: watercourses

text: This

text: ecoregion

text: covers

text: in

text: Algeria

text: Chad

text: Mali

text: Mauritania

text: and

text: Sudan

question: Which directions does the South Saharan run?

answer: east and west

text: east and west

question: What months do the summer rains happen?

answer: July and August

text: July and August

question: What is the average rainfall between the months of July and   August?

answer: 100 to 200 mm

text: 100 to 200 mm

question: How much land does the ecoregion cover?

answer: 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2)

text: 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2)


text: Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986). Variation of specific gravity within the bole of a tree can occur in either the horizontal or vertical direction. :)

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Age

text: diameter

text: height

text: radial

text: growth

text: geographical

text: location

text: site

text: and

text: growing

text: conditions

text: silvicultural

text: treatment

text: and

text: seed

text: source

text: all

text: to

text: some

text: degree

text: influence

text: wood

text: density

text: Variation

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: expected

text: Within

text: an

text: individual

text: tree

text: the

text: variation

text: in

text: wood

text: density

text: is

text: often

text: as

text: great

text: as

text: or

text: even

text: greater

text: than

text: that

text: between

text: different

text: trees

text: Timell

text: Variation

text: of

text: specific

text: gravity

text: within

text: the

text: bole

text: of

text: a

text: tree

text: can

text: occur

text: in

text: either

text: the

text: horizontal

text: or

text: vertical

text: direction

question: What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density?

answer: Variation

text: Variation

question: What specific type of growth has an effect on the density of wood?

answer: radial

text: radial

question: Which part of a tree can have vertical or horizontal variation in its specific gravity?

answer: bole

text: bole

question: Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another?

answer: density

text: density

question: What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density?

answer: seed

text: seed


text: In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911). The former two books were aimed exclusively at professional mathematicians, while the latter book was intended for a larger audience, covering the history of mathematics and its philosophical foundations. Principia Mathematica in particular is regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: numerous

text: articles

text: on

text: mathematics

text: Whitehead

text: wrote

text: three

text: major

text: books

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: A

text: Treatise

text: on

text: Universal

text: Algebra

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: co

text: written

text: with

text: Bertrand

text: Russell

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: three

text: volumes

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: An

text: Introduction

text: to

text: Mathematics

text: The

text: former

text: two

text: books

text: were

text: aimed

text: exclusively

text: at

text: professional

text: mathematicians

text: while

text: the

text: latter

text: book

text: was

text: intended

text: for

text: a

text: larger

text: audience

text: covering

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: mathematics

text: and

text: its

text: philosophical

text: foundations

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: in

text: particular

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: works

text: in

text: mathematical

text: logic

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: What was Whitehead's first published book on mathematics?

answer: A Treatise on Universal Algebra

text: A Treatise on Universal Algebra

question: With what mathematician and philosopher did Whitehead collaborate to write Principia Mathematica?

answer: Bertrand Russell

text: Bertrand Russell

question: Who was the intended audience of Whitehead's first two mathematics books?

answer: professional mathematicians

text: professional mathematicians

question: What was Whitehead's final book on mathematics?

answer: An Introduction to Mathematics

text: An Introduction to Mathematics

question: What is the significance of Principia Mathematica currently?

answer: regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century

text: regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century

question: What did Whitehead publish numerous articles about?

answer: mathematics

text: mathematics

question: How many books on mathematics did Whitehead write?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Whitehead?

answer: Bertrand Russell

text: Bertrand Russell

question: Which of Whitehead's books is known as one of the most important works in mathematical logical?

answer: Principia Mathematica

text: Principia Mathematica

question: When did Whitehead write his first book?

answer: 1898


text: By the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a "dialect" of some language—"everybody speaks a dialect". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects of different languages.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: By

text: the

text: definition

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: by

text: linguists

text: any

text: linguistic

text: variety

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: some

text: language—"everybody

text: speaks

text: a

text: dialect

text: According

text: to

text: that

text: interpretation

text: the

text: criteria

text: above

text: merely

text: serve

text: to

text: distinguish

text: whether

text: two

text: varieties

text: are

text: dialects

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: language

text: or

text: dialects

text: of

text: different

text: languages

question: According to most linguistics, who speaks a dialect?

answer: everybody

text: everybody


text: On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free land to colonists to attract families to Detroit; when it reached a total population of 800 in 1765, it was the largest city between Montreal and New Orleans, both also French settlements. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400. By 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: On

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: strait

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: officer

text: Antoine

text: de

text: la

text: Mothe

text: Cadillac

text: along

text: with

text: fifty

text: one

text: French

text: people

text: and

text: French

text: Canadians

text: founded

text: a

text: settlement

text: called

text: Fort

text: Pontchartrain

text: du

text: Détroit

text: naming

text: it

text: after

text: Louis

text: Phélypeaux

text: comte

text: de

text: Pontchartrain

text: Minister

text: of

text: Marine

text: under

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: France

text: offered

text: free

text: land

text: to

text: colonists

text: to

text: attract

text: families

text: to

text: Detroit

text: when

text: it

text: reached

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: between

text: Montreal

text: and

text: New

text: Orleans

text: both

text: also

text: French

text: settlements

text: By

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Detroit

text: was

text: By

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Province

text: of

text: Quebec

question: What was Detroit's population in 1773?

answer: 1,400

question: What was Detroit's population in 1778?

answer: 2,144

question: What was Detroit's population in 1765?

answer: 800

question: Who was the French Minister of Marine in 1701?

answer: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain

text: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain

question: Which French officer led the 1701 expedition?

answer: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

text: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac


text: Vladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway, Vladimir assembled a Viking army and reconquered Novgorod and Kiev from Yaropolk. As Prince of Kiev, Vladimir's most notable achievement was the Christianization of Kievan Rus', a process that began in 988. The Primary Chronicle states that when Vladimir had decided to accept a new faith instead of the traditional idol-worship (paganism) of the Slavs, he sent out some of his most valued advisors and warriors as emissaries to different parts of Europe. They visited the Christians of the Latin Rite, the Jews, and the Muslims before finally arriving in Constantinople. They rejected Islam because, among other things, it prohibited the consumption of alcohol, and Judaism because the god of the Jews had permitted his chosen people to be deprived of their country. They found the ceremonies in the Roman church to be dull. But at Constantinople, they were so astounded by the beauty of the cathedral of Hagia Sophia and the liturgical service held there that they made up their minds there and then about the faith they would like to follow. Upon their arrival home, they convinced Vladimir that the faith of the Byzantine Rite was the best choice of all, upon which Vladimir made a journey to Constantinople and arranged to marry Princess Anna, the sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: Vladimir

text: had

text: been

text: prince

text: of

text: Novgorod

text: when

text: his

text: father

text: Sviatoslav

text: I

text: died

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: flee

text: to

text: Scandinavia

text: in

text: after

text: his

text: half

text: brother

text: Yaropolk

text: had

text: murdered

text: his

text: other

text: brother

text: Oleg

text: and

text: taken

text: control

text: of

text: Rus

text: In

text: Scandinavia

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: his

text: relative

text: Earl

text: Håkon

text: Sigurdsson

text: ruler

text: of

text: Norway

text: Vladimir

text: assembled

text: a

text: Viking

text: army

text: and

text: reconquered

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Kiev

text: from

text: Yaropolk

text: As

text: Prince

text: of

text: Kiev

text: Vladimir

text: 's

text: most

text: notable

text: achievement

text: was

text: the

text: Christianization

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: The

text: Primary

text: Chronicle

text: states

text: that

text: when

text: Vladimir

text: had

text: decided

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: new

text: faith

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: idol

text: worship

text: paganism

text: of

text: the

text: Slavs

text: he

text: sent

text: out

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: valued

text: advisors

text: and

text: warriors

text: as

text: emissaries

text: to

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: They

text: visited

text: the

text: Christians

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: Rite

text: the

text: Jews

text: and

text: the

text: Muslims

text: before

text: finally

text: arriving

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: They

text: rejected

text: Islam

text: because

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: it

text: prohibited

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: alcohol

text: and

text: Judaism

text: because

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: had

text: permitted

text: his

text: chosen

text: people

text: to

text: be

text: deprived

text: of

text: their

text: country

text: They

text: found

text: the

text: ceremonies

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: church

text: to

text: be

text: dull

text: But

text: at

text: Constantinople

text: they

text: were

text: so

text: astounded

text: by

text: the

text: beauty

text: of

text: the

text: cathedral

text: of

text: Hagia

text: Sophia

text: and

text: the

text: liturgical

text: service

text: held

text: there

text: that

text: they

text: made

text: up

text: their

text: minds

text: there

text: and

text: then

text: about

text: the

text: faith

text: they

text: would

text: like

text: to

text: follow

text: Upon

text: their

text: arrival

text: home

text: they

text: convinced

text: Vladimir

text: that

text: the

text: faith

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Rite

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: choice

text: of

text: all

text: upon

text: which

text: Vladimir

text: made

text: a

text: journey

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: arranged

text: to

text: marry

text: Princess

text: Anna

text: the

text: sister

text: of

text: Byzantine

text: emperor

text: Basil

text: II

question: What territory was Vladimar Prince of before his father died?

answer: Novgorod

text: Novgorod

question: In 976, where did Vladimir have to flee to?

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

question: When did the Christianization of Kievan begin?

answer: 988

question: Who did Vladimir marry that was the sister of the Byzantine emperor?

answer: Princess Anna

text: Princess Anna


text: Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: Major

text: sporting

text: venues

text: in

text: New

text: Delhi

text: include

text: the

text: Jawaharlal

text: Nehru

text: Stadium

text: Ambedkar

text: Stadium

text: Indira

text: Gandhi

text: Indoor

text: Stadium

text: Feroz

text: Shah

text: Kotla

text: Ground

text: R.K.

text: Khanna

text: Tennis

text: Complex

text: Dhyan

text: Chand

text: National

text: Stadium

text: and

text: Siri

text: Fort

text: Sports

text: Complex

question: What major tennis stadium is located in New Delhi?

answer: R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex

text: R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex

question: What major sports venue in New Delhi bears the name of the former prime minister Indira Gandhi?

answer: Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium

text: Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium

question: The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is located in which Indian city?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: In which Indian city is the Siri Fort Sports Complex located?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: The Dhyan Chand National Stadium is located in which major Indian city?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi


text: Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the Persian rule in Greece. However, Persis (Old Persian: Pārśa; Modern Persian: Pārse) was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia, in the 9th century BC. The settlement was then shifted to the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, and is today defined as Fars Province.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Historically

text: Iran

text: has

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Persia

text: by

text: the

text: West

text: due

text: mainly

text: to

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Greek

text: historians

text: who

text: called

text: Iran

text: Persis

text: Greek

text: Περσίς

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Persians

text: As

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: interactions

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greeks

text: had

text: with

text: any

text: outsider

text: was

text: with

text: the

text: Persians

text: the

text: term

text: persisted

text: even

text: long

text: after

text: the

text: Persian

text: rule

text: in

text: Greece

text: However

text: Persis

text: Old

text: Persian

text: Pārśa

text: Modern

text: Persian

text: Pārse

text: was

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: region

text: settled

text: by

text: Persians

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: shore

text: of

text: Lake

text: Urmia

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: The

text: settlement

text: was

text: then

text: shifted

text: to

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: and

text: is

text: today

text: defined

text: as

text: Fars

text: Province

question: Which historians referred to Iran as Persis?

answer: Greek historians

text: Greek historians

question: What has the West historically referred Iran as?

answer: Persia

text: Persia

question: When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia?

answer: the 9th century BC

text: the 9th century BC

question: After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region?

answer: the southern end of the Zagros Mountains,

text: the southern end of the Zagros Mountains,

question: What is Persis known as today?

answer: Fars Province

text: Fars Province


text: Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Georgian

text: succeeded

text: the

text: English

text: Baroque

text: of

text: Sir

text: Christopher

text: Wren

text: Sir

text: John

text: Vanbrugh

text: Thomas

text: Archer

text: William

text: Talman

text: and

text: Nicholas

text: Hawksmoor

text: this

text: in

text: fact

text: continued

text: into

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: overlapping

text: with

text: a

text: more

text: restrained

text: Georgian

text: style

text: The

text: architect

text: James

text: Gibbs

text: was

text: a

text: transitional

text: figure

text: his

text: earlier

text: buildings

text: are

text: Baroque

text: reflecting

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: spent

text: in

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: but

text: he

text: adjusted

text: his

text: style

text: after

text: Major

text: architects

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: direction

text: from

text: baroque

text: were

text: Colen

text: Campbell

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: influential

text: book

text: Vitruvius

text: Britannicus

text: Richard

text: Boyle

text: Earl

text: of

text: Burlington

text: and

text: his

text: protégé

text: William

text: Kent

text: Isaac

text: Ware

text: Henry

text: Flitcroft

text: and

text: the

text: Venetian

text: Giacomo

text: Leoni

text: who

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: England

text: Other

text: prominent

text: architects

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Georgian

text: period

text: include

text: James

text: Paine

text: Robert

text: Taylor

text: and

text: John

text: Wood

text: the

text: Elder

text: The

text: European

text: Grand

text: Tour

text: became

text: very

text: common

text: for

text: wealthy

text: patrons

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: and

text: Italian

text: influence

text: remained

text: dominant

text: though

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: Hanover

text: Square

text: Westminster

text: on

text: developed

text: and

text: occupied

text: by

text: Whig

text: supporters

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: dynasty

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: deliberately

text: adopted

text: German

text: stylisic

text: elements

text: in

text: their

text: honour

text: especially

text: vertical

text: bands

text: connecting

text: the

text: windows

question: What style did Georgian succeed?

answer: English Baroque

text: English Baroque

question: Which architect was a transitional figure?

answer: James Gibbs

text: James Gibbs

question: What became very popular with wealthy patrons during this period?

answer: The European Grand Tour

text: The European Grand Tour

question: Which book did Colen Campbell write?

answer: Vitruvius Britannicus

text: Vitruvius Britannicus

question: What Venetian spent most of his career in England?

answer: Giacomo Leoni

text: Giacomo Leoni


text: The presence of pain in an animal cannot be known for certain, but it can be inferred through physical and behavioral reactions. Specialists currently believe that all vertebrates can feel pain, and that certain invertebrates, like the octopus, might too. As for other animals, plants, or other entities, their ability to feel physical pain is at present a question beyond scientific reach, since no mechanism is known by which they could have such a feeling. In particular, there are no known nociceptors in groups such as plants, fungi, and most insects, except for instance in fruit flies.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: pain

text: in

text: an

text: animal

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: known

text: for

text: certain

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: inferred

text: through

text: physical

text: and

text: behavioral

text: reactions

text: Specialists

text: currently

text: believe

text: that

text: all

text: vertebrates

text: can

text: feel

text: pain

text: and

text: that

text: certain

text: invertebrates

text: like

text: the

text: octopus

text: might

text: too

text: As

text: for

text: other

text: animals

text: plants

text: or

text: other

text: entities

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: feel

text: physical

text: pain

text: is

text: at

text: present

text: a

text: question

text: beyond

text: scientific

text: reach

text: since

text: no

text: mechanism

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: which

text: they

text: could

text: have

text: such

text: a

text: feeling

text: In

text: particular

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: known

text: nociceptors

text: in

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: plants

text: fungi

text: and

text: most

text: insects

text: except

text: for

text: instance

text: in

text: fruit

text: flies

question: What about pain in an animal isn't able to be known with certainty?

answer: presence

text: presence

question: An animals physical and behavioral reactions may be inferred to indicate the presence of what?

answer: pain

text: pain

question: Who do specialists believe can feel pain?

answer: vertebrates

text: vertebrates

question: No mechanism is known by which what organisms would be able to have a feeling such as pain?

answer: plants

text: plants

question: What do fungi and fruit flies seem to lack?

answer: nociceptors

text: nociceptors


text: The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being built by the Russians at Mamelon, located on a hill in front of the Malakoff. Several weeks of fighting saw little change in the front line, and the Mamelon remained in Russian hands.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Allies

text: had

text: had

text: time

text: to

text: consider

text: the

text: problem

text: The

text: French

text: being

text: brought

text: around

text: to

text: agree

text: that

text: the

text: key

text: to

text: the

text: defence

text: was

text: the

text: Emphasis

text: of

text: the

text: siege

text: at

text: Sevastopol

text: shifted

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: left

text: against

text: the

text: fortifications

text: on

text: Malakoff

text: In

text: March

text: there

text: was

text: fighting

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: over

text: a

text: new

text: fort

text: being

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Russians

text: at

text: Mamelon

text: located

text: on

text: a

text: hill

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Malakoff

text: Several

text: weeks

text: of

text: fighting

text: saw

text: little

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: front

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: Mamelon

text: remained

text: in

text: Russian

text: hands

question: What did the French believe was instrumental in their defense?

answer: the Malakoff

text: the Malakoff

question: Where was the Russians building a new fort?

answer: Mamelon

text: Mamelon

question: Mamelon is found on a hill in front of what suburban commune?

answer: Malakoff

text: Malakoff

question: After fighting for weeks, what did the Russians continue to have control over?

answer: the Mamelon

text: the Mamelon


text: Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed. Elaborate tombs were built for the dead. These tombs are particularly numerous in Ireland, where there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the British Isles built long barrows and chamber tombs for their dead and causewayed camps, henges, flint mines and cursus monuments. It was also important to figure out ways of preserving food for future months, such as fashioning relatively airtight containers, and using substances like salt as preservatives.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Neolithic

text: peoples

text: in

text: the

text: Levant

text: Anatolia

text: Syria

text: northern

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: were

text: also

text: accomplished

text: builders

text: utilizing

text: mud

text: brick

text: to

text: construct

text: houses

text: and

text: villages

text: At

text: Çatal

text: höyük

text: houses

text: were

text: plastered

text: and

text: painted

text: with

text: elaborate

text: scenes

text: of

text: humans

text: and

text: animals

text: In

text: Europe

text: long

text: houses

text: built

text: from

text: wattle

text: and

text: daub

text: were

text: constructed

text: Elaborate

text: tombs

text: were

text: built

text: for

text: the

text: dead

text: These

text: tombs

text: are

text: particularly

text: numerous

text: in

text: Ireland

text: where

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: thousand

text: still

text: in

text: existence

text: Neolithic

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: built

text: long

text: barrows

text: and

text: chamber

text: tombs

text: for

text: their

text: dead

text: and

text: causewayed

text: camps

text: henges

text: flint

text: mines

text: and

text: cursus

text: monuments

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: important

text: to

text: figure

text: out

text: ways

text: of

text: preserving

text: food

text: for

text: future

text: months

text: such

text: as

text: fashioning

text: relatively

text: airtight

text: containers

text: and

text: using

text: substances

text: like

text: salt

text: as

text: preservatives

question: What did Neolithic people use mud-brick to build?

answer: houses and villages

text: houses and villages

question: What scenes did the paintings on homes depict?

answer: humans and animals

text: humans and animals

question: What were European homes constructed from?

answer: wattle and daub

text: wattle and daub

question: What types of sites were built for the deceased?

answer: Elaborate tombs

text: Elaborate tombs

question: Where do thousands of early tombs still exist?

answer: Ireland

text: Ireland


text: Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well as protected habitat for many plants and animals. Pippy Park is also home to the Fluvarium, an environmental education centre which offers a cross section view of Nagle's Hill Brook.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: Pippy

text: Park

text: is

text: an

text: urban

text: park

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: over

text: acres

text: of

text: land

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: largest

text: urban

text: parks

text: The

text: park

text: contains

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: recreational

text: facilities

text: including

text: two

text: golf

text: courses

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: 's

text: largest

text: serviced

text: campground

text: walking

text: and

text: skiing

text: trails

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: protected

text: habitat

text: for

text: many

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: Pippy

text: Park

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Fluvarium

text: an

text: environmental

text: education

text: centre

text: which

text: offers

text: a

text: cross

text: section

text: view

text: of

text: Nagle

text: 's

text: Hill

text: Brook

question: Where is Pippy Park located in the city?

answer: east end

text: east end

question: About how many acres is Pippy Park?

answer: 3,400

question: How many golf courses does Pippy Park have?

answer: two

text: two

question: What other trail besides walking trails does Pippy Park have?

answer: skiing

text: skiing

question: Where is the Fluvarium located?

answer: Pippy Park

text: Pippy Park


text: The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959 before finally closing in 1994; training was transferred to the University of Southampton.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Royal

text: Naval

text: Engineering

text: College

text: opened

text: in

text: in

text: Keyham

text: it

text: trained

text: engineering

text: students

text: for

text: five

text: years

text: before

text: they

text: completed

text: the

text: remaining

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: course

text: at

text: Greenwich

text: The

text: college

text: closed

text: in

text: but

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: college

text: opened

text: at

text: Manadon

text: This

text: was

text: renamed

text: Dockyard

text: Technical

text: College

text: in

text: before

text: finally

text: closing

text: in

text: training

text: was

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

question: What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880?

answer: the Royal Naval Engineering College

text: the Royal Naval Engineering College

question: When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?

answer: 1910

question: What was the Royal Naval Engineering College renamed in 1959?

answer: Dockyard Technical College

text: Dockyard Technical College

question: In what year did the Dockyard Technical College close?

answer: 1994

question: After the Dockyard Technical College closed, where were classes relocated to?

answer: University of Southampton

text: University of Southampton


text: The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was founded after the fall of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus. The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchens. When Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels in 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last Ming emperor, committed suicide. The Manchus then allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui and seized control of Beijing, which became the new capital of the Qing dynasty. The Mancus adopted the Confucian norms of traditional Chinese government in their rule of China proper. Schoppa, the editor of The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History argues, "A date around 1780 as the beginning of modern China is thus closer to what we know today as historical 'reality'. It also allows us to have a better baseline to understand the precipitous decline of the Chinese polity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries."

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: was

text: founded

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: the

text: last

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: dynasty

text: by

text: the

text: Manchus

text: The

text: Manchus

text: were

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Jurchens

text: When

text: Beijing

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: 's

text: peasant

text: rebels

text: in

text: the

text: Chongzhen

text: Emperor

text: the

text: last

text: Ming

text: emperor

text: committed

text: suicide

text: The

text: Manchus

text: then

text: allied

text: with

text: former

text: Ming

text: general

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: and

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: Beijing

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: The

text: Mancus

text: adopted

text: the

text: Confucian

text: norms

text: of

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: government

text: in

text: their

text: rule

text: of

text: China

text: proper

text: Schoppa

text: the

text: editor

text: of

text: The

text: Columbia

text: Guide

text: to

text: Modern

text: Chinese

text: History

text: argues

text: A

text: date

text: around

text: as

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: modern

text: China

text: is

text: thus

text: closer

text: to

text: what

text: we

text: know

text: today

text: as

text: historical

text: reality

text: It

text: also

text: allows

text: us

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: better

text: baseline

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: precipitous

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: polity

text: in

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: and

text: twentieth

text: centuries

question: What was founded after the fall of the Ming?

answer: The Qing dynasty

text: The Qing dynasty

question: The Qing dynasty lasted through what time period?

answer: 1644–1911

question: What were the Manchus originally known as?

answer: the Jurchens

text: the Jurchens

question: Why did the last Ming Emperor commit suicide?

answer: Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

text: Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

question: Who became allies with the Manchus to seize control over Beijing?

answer: former Ming general Wu Sangui

text: former Ming general Wu Sangui

question: The Qing dynasty formed after what event?

answer: after the fall of the Ming

text: after the fall of the Ming

question: During what time period did the Qing dynasty rule?

answer: 1644–1911

question: What were the Manchus originally named?

answer: Jurchens

text: Jurchens

question: Who was Beijing captured by in 1644?

answer: Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

text: Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

question: Who did the Manchus make an Ally with to seize control of Beijing?

answer: former Ming general Wu Sangui

text: former Ming general Wu Sangui


text: Coptic Christians face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from disproportionate representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance of Bahá'ís and non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as Sufis, Shi'a and Ahmadis, also remains a problem. When the government moved to computerise identification cards, members of religious minorities, such as Bahá'ís, could not obtain identification documents. An Egyptian court ruled in early 2008 that members of other faiths may obtain identity cards without listing their faiths, and without becoming officially recognised.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Coptic

text: Christians

text: face

text: discrimination

text: at

text: multiple

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: ranging

text: from

text: disproportionate

text: representation

text: in

text: government

text: ministries

text: to

text: laws

text: that

text: limit

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: build

text: or

text: repair

text: churches

text: Intolerance

text: of

text: Bahá'ís

text: and

text: non

text: orthodox

text: Muslim

text: sects

text: such

text: as

text: Sufis

text: Shi'a

text: and

text: Ahmadis

text: also

text: remains

text: a

text: problem

text: When

text: the

text: government

text: moved

text: to

text: computerise

text: identification

text: cards

text: members

text: of

text: religious

text: minorities

text: such

text: as

text: Bahá'ís

text: could

text: not

text: obtain

text: identification

text: documents

text: An

text: Egyptian

text: court

text: ruled

text: in

text: early

text: that

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: faiths

text: may

text: obtain

text: identity

text: cards

text: without

text: listing

text: their

text: faiths

text: and

text: without

text: becoming

text: officially

text: recognised

question: What do Coptic Christians face?

answer: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,

text: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,

question: When government computerised ID cards who were adversely impacted?

answer: religious minorities

text: religious minorities

question: When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith?

answer: 2008


text: In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was that a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith. He rejected the Separatist movement's doctrine of infant baptism (paedobaptism). Shortly thereafter, Smyth left the group, and layman Thomas Helwys took over the leadership, leading the church back to England in 1611. Ultimately, Smyth became committed to believers' baptism as the only biblical baptism. He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: In

text: while

text: still

text: there

text: Smyth

text: wrote

text: a

text: tract

text: titled

text: The

text: Character

text: of

text: the

text: Beast

text: or

text: The

text: False

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: In

text: it

text: he

text: expressed

text: two

text: propositions

text: first

text: infants

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: baptized

text: and

text: second

text: Antichristians

text: converted

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: admitted

text: into

text: the

text: true

text: Church

text: by

text: baptism

text: Hence

text: his

text: conviction

text: was

text: that

text: a

text: scriptural

text: church

text: should

text: consist

text: only

text: of

text: regenerate

text: believers

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: baptized

text: on

text: a

text: personal

text: confession

text: of

text: faith

text: He

text: rejected

text: the

text: Separatist

text: movement

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: of

text: infant

text: baptism

text: paedobaptism

text: Shortly

text: thereafter

text: Smyth

text: left

text: the

text: group

text: and

text: layman

text: Thomas

text: Helwys

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: leadership

text: leading

text: the

text: church

text: back

text: to

text: England

text: in

text: Ultimately

text: Smyth

text: became

text: committed

text: to

text: believers

text: baptism

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: biblical

text: baptism

text: He

text: was

text: convinced

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: his

text: interpretation

text: of

text: Scripture

text: that

text: infants

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: damned

text: should

text: they

text: die

text: in

text: infancy

question: Smyth wrote a tract titled what?

answer: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."

text: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."

question: What was his first proposition?

answer: infants are not to be baptized

text: infants are not to be baptized

question: What was his second proposition?

answer: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism

text: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism

question: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?

answer: baptized on a personal confession of faith

text: baptized on a personal confession of faith

question: What is paedobaptism?

answer: infant baptism

text: infant baptism


text: Mass production of glass window panes in the early twentieth century caused a similar effect. In glass factories, molten glass was poured onto a large cooling table and allowed to spread. The resulting glass is thicker at the location of the pour, located at the center of the large sheet. These sheets were cut into smaller window panes with nonuniform thickness, typically with the location of the pour centered in one of the panes (known as "bull's-eyes") for decorative effect. Modern glass intended for windows is produced as float glass and is very uniform in thickness.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Mass

text: production

text: of

text: glass

text: window

text: panes

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: twentieth

text: century

text: caused

text: a

text: similar

text: effect

text: In

text: glass

text: factories

text: molten

text: glass

text: was

text: poured

text: onto

text: a

text: large

text: cooling

text: table

text: and

text: allowed

text: to

text: spread

text: The

text: resulting

text: glass

text: is

text: thicker

text: at

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: pour

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: sheet

text: These

text: sheets

text: were

text: cut

text: into

text: smaller

text: window

text: panes

text: with

text: nonuniform

text: thickness

text: typically

text: with

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: pour

text: centered

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: panes

text: known

text: as

text: bull's

text: eyes

text: for

text: decorative

text: effect

text: Modern

text: glass

text: intended

text: for

text: windows

text: is

text: produced

text: as

text: float

text: glass

text: and

text: is

text: very

text: uniform

text: in

text: thickness

question: What were the areas at the center of an old sheet of glass called?

answer: bull's-eyes

text: bull's-eyes

question: In early 20th century glass production, the glass was thickest at what part of the sheet?

answer: the center

text: the center

question: Currently window glass is made as what?

answer: float glass

text: float glass

question: How was the bull's-eye used?

answer: for decorative effect

text: for decorative effect


text: Examples of Cyprus in foreign literature, include the works of Shakespeare, with the majority of the play Othello by William Shakespeare set on the island of Cyprus. British writer Lawrence Durrell lived in Cyprus from 1952 until 1956, during his time working for the British colonial government on the island, and wrote the book Bitter Lemons concerning his time in Cyprus which won the second Duff Cooper Prize in 1957. More recently British writer Victoria Hislop used Cyprus as the setting for her 2014 novel The Sunrise.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Examples

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: in

text: foreign

text: literature

text: include

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Shakespeare

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: play

text: Othello

text: by

text: William

text: Shakespeare

text: set

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: British

text: writer

text: Lawrence

text: Durrell

text: lived

text: in

text: Cyprus

text: from

text: until

text: during

text: his

text: time

text: working

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: colonial

text: government

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: wrote

text: the

text: book

text: Bitter

text: Lemons

text: concerning

text: his

text: time

text: in

text: Cyprus

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: second

text: Duff

text: Cooper

text: Prize

text: in

text: More

text: recently

text: British

text: writer

text: Victoria

text: Hislop

text: used

text: Cyprus

text: as

text: the

text: setting

text: for

text: her

text: novel

text: The

text: Sunrise

question: Where was William Shakespeare's Othello set?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

question: Where did British writer Lawrence Durrell reside from 1952-1956?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

question: Which 2014 novel uses Cyprus as its main location?

answer: The Sunrise

text: The Sunrise

question: What book did Lawrence Durrell write while living on Cyprus?

answer: Bitter Lemons

text: Bitter Lemons


text: Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Aburish

text: asserts

text: that

text: Nasser

text: was

text: not

text: distressed

text: by

text: his

text: frequent

text: relocations

text: which

text: broadened

text: his

text: horizons

text: and

text: showed

text: him

text: Egyptian

text: society

text: 's

text: class

text: divisions

text: His

text: own

text: social

text: status

text: was

text: well

text: below

text: the

text: wealthy

text: Egyptian

text: elite

text: and

text: his

text: discontent

text: with

text: those

text: born

text: into

text: wealth

text: and

text: power

text: grew

text: throughout

text: his

text: lifetime

text: Nasser

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: spare

text: time

text: reading

text: particularly

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: lived

text: near

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: read

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: the

text: sayings

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: the

text: Sahaba

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: companions

text: and

text: the

text: biographies

text: of

text: nationalist

text: leaders

text: Napoleon

text: Ataturk

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: and

text: Garibaldi

text: and

text: the

text: autobiography

text: of

text: Winston

text: Churchill

question: What did Nasser do in his spare time?

answer: reading

text: reading

question: What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933?

answer: National Library of Egypt

text: National Library of Egypt

question: What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth?

answer: Egyptian society's class divisions

text: Egyptian society's class divisions

question: What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society?

answer: well below the wealthy Egyptian elite

text: well below the wealthy Egyptian elite

question: What kind of biographies did Nasser read?

answer: nationalist leaders

text: nationalist leaders


text: Shift-work or chronic jet-lag have profound consequences on circadian and metabolic events in the body. Animals that are forced to eat during their resting period show increased body mass and altered expression of clock and metabolic genes.[medical citation needed] In humans, shift-work that favors irregular eating times is associated with altered insulin sensitivity and higher body mass. Shift-work also leads to increased metabolic risks for cardio-metabolic syndrome, hypertension, inflammation.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Shift

text: work

text: or

text: chronic

text: jet

text: lag

text: have

text: profound

text: consequences

text: on

text: circadian

text: and

text: metabolic

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: Animals

text: that

text: are

text: forced

text: to

text: eat

text: during

text: their

text: resting

text: period

text: show

text: increased

text: body

text: mass

text: and

text: altered

text: expression

text: of

text: clock

text: and

text: metabolic

text: genes.[medical

text: citation

text: needed

text: In

text: humans

text: shift

text: work

text: that

text: favors

text: irregular

text: eating

text: times

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: altered

text: insulin

text: sensitivity

text: and

text: higher

text: body

text: mass

text: Shift

text: work

text: also

text: leads

text: to

text: increased

text: metabolic

text: risks

text: for

text: cardio

text: metabolic

text: syndrome

text: hypertension

text: inflammation

question: What effect does jet-lag and shift-work have on the human body?

answer: profound consequences

text: profound consequences

question: Animals that eat during resting periods show what body increase?

answer: body mass

text: body mass

question: How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin?

answer: insulin sensitivity

text: insulin sensitivity

question: Besides insulin sensitivity, what other effect does shift-work have on the body?

answer: higher body mass

text: higher body mass

question: What type of work can lead to heart, hypertension and inflammation?

answer: Shift-work

text: Shift-work


text: The notion of the "Land of Israel", known in Hebrew as Eretz Yisrael, has been important and sacred to the Jewish people since Biblical times. According to the Torah, God promised the land to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish people. On the basis of scripture, the period of the three Patriarchs has been placed somewhere in the early 2nd millennium BCE, and the first Kingdom of Israel was established around the 11th century BCE. Subsequent Israelite kingdoms and states ruled intermittently over the next four hundred years, and are known from various extra-biblical sources.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: notion

text: of

text: the

text: Land

text: of

text: Israel

text: known

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: as

text: Eretz

text: Yisrael

text: has

text: been

text: important

text: and

text: sacred

text: to

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: since

text: Biblical

text: times

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Torah

text: God

text: promised

text: the

text: land

text: to

text: the

text: three

text: Patriarchs

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: On

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: scripture

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Patriarchs

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: somewhere

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Israel

text: was

text: established

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Subsequent

text: Israelite

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: states

text: ruled

text: intermittently

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: four

text: hundred

text: years

text: and

text: are

text: known

text: from

text: various

text: extra

text: biblical

text: sources

question: What is the "Land of Israel" known as in Hebrew?

answer: Eretz Yisrael

text: Eretz Yisrael

question: According to the Torah, God promised the land to how many people?

answer: three

text: three

question: When was the first Kingdom of Israel established?

answer: early 2nd millennium BCE

text: early 2nd millennium BCE


text: In 1996–1997, a research study was conducted on a large population of middle age students in the Cherry Creek School District in Denver, Colorado, USA. The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores. The research further indicated that students who listened to the music prior to an examination also had positively elevated achievement scores. Students who listened to rock-and-roll or country had moderately lower scores. The study further indicated that students who used classical during the course of study had a significant leap in their academic performance; whereas, those who listened to other types of music had significantly lowered academic scores. The research was conducted over several schools within the Cherry Creek School District and was conducted through University of Colorado. This study is reflective of several recent studies (i.e. Mike Manthei and Steve N. Kelly of the University of Nebraska at Omaha; Donald A. Hodges and Debra S. O'Connell of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; etc.) and others who had significant results through the discourse of their work.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: In

text: a

text: research

text: study

text: was

text: conducted

text: on

text: a

text: large

text: population

text: of

text: middle

text: age

text: students

text: in

text: the

text: Cherry

text: Creek

text: School

text: District

text: in

text: Denver

text: Colorado

text: USA

text: The

text: study

text: showed

text: that

text: students

text: who

text: actively

text: listen

text: to

text: classical

text: music

text: before

text: studying

text: had

text: higher

text: academic

text: scores

text: The

text: research

text: further

text: indicated

text: that

text: students

text: who

text: listened

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: prior

text: to

text: an

text: examination

text: also

text: had

text: positively

text: elevated

text: achievement

text: scores

text: Students

text: who

text: listened

text: to

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: or

text: country

text: had

text: moderately

text: lower

text: scores

text: The

text: study

text: further

text: indicated

text: that

text: students

text: who

text: used

text: classical

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: study

text: had

text: a

text: significant

text: leap

text: in

text: their

text: academic

text: performance

text: whereas

text: those

text: who

text: listened

text: to

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: had

text: significantly

text: lowered

text: academic

text: scores

text: The

text: research

text: was

text: conducted

text: over

text: several

text: schools

text: within

text: the

text: Cherry

text: Creek

text: School

text: District

text: and

text: was

text: conducted

text: through

text: University

text: of

text: Colorado

text: This

text: study

text: is

text: reflective

text: of

text: several

text: recent

text: studies

text: i.e.

text: Mike

text: Manthei

text: and

text: Steve

text: N.

text: Kelly

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Nebraska

text: at

text: Omaha

text: Donald

text: A.

text: Hodges

text: and

text: Debra

text: S.

text: O'Connell

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: at

text: Greensboro

text: etc

text: and

text: others

text: who

text: had

text: significant

text: results

text: through

text: the

text: discourse

text: of

text: their

text: work

question: Did student who actively listen to classical music before studying have higher or lower scores?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: What happened to the scores of students who listened to rock and roll or country?

answer: moderately lower

text: moderately lower

question: Who experience a significant leap in their academic performance?

answer: students who used classical during the course of study

text: students who used classical during the course of study

question: Who conducted the research study?

answer: University of Colorado

text: University of Colorado

question: What years was the study conducted in?

answer: 1996–1997


text: Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandonment, obliging many children to work from a young age. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. A high number of children also worked as prostitutes. The author Charles Dickens worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in debtor's prison.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Child

text: labour

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: from

text: its

text: outset

text: often

text: brought

text: about

text: by

text: economic

text: hardship

text: The

text: children

text: of

text: the

text: poor

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: their

text: family

text: income

text: In

text: century

text: Great

text: Britain

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: poor

text: families

text: were

text: without

text: a

text: breadwinner

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: death

text: or

text: abandonment

text: obliging

text: many

text: children

text: to

text: work

text: from

text: a

text: young

text: age

text: In

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: in

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: workers

text: in

text: water

text: powered

text: cotton

text: mills

text: were

text: described

text: as

text: children

text: A

text: high

text: number

text: of

text: children

text: also

text: worked

text: as

text: prostitutes

text: The

text: author

text: Charles

text: Dickens

text: worked

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: in

text: a

text: blacking

text: factory

text: with

text: his

text: family

text: in

text: debtor

text: 's

text: prison

question: How many families were without a bread winner?

answer: one-third

text: one-third

question: How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland?

answer: 143

question: Was it a low amount or high amount of children that also worked in prostitution?

answer: high number

text: high number

question: Where was Charles Dickens employed as a child?

answer: blacking factory

text: blacking factory

question: During the Industrial Revolution what was the main driving force behind child labour?

answer: economic hardship

text: economic hardship


text: Chinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them. In the South, some Chinese married into the black and mulatto communities, as generally discrimination meant they did not take white spouses. They rapidly left working as laborers, and set up groceries in small towns throughout the South. They worked to get their children educated and socially mobile.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Chinese

text: men

text: entered

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: laborers

text: primarily

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: and

text: in

text: western

text: territories

text: Following

text: the

text: Reconstruction

text: era

text: as

text: blacks

text: set

text: up

text: independent

text: farms

text: white

text: planters

text: imported

text: Chinese

text: laborers

text: to

text: satisfy

text: their

text: need

text: for

text: labor

text: In

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Exclusion

text: Act

text: was

text: passed

text: and

text: Chinese

text: workers

text: who

text: chose

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: have

text: their

text: wives

text: join

text: them

text: In

text: the

text: South

text: some

text: Chinese

text: married

text: into

text: the

text: black

text: and

text: mulatto

text: communities

text: as

text: generally

text: discrimination

text: meant

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: white

text: spouses

text: They

text: rapidly

text: left

text: working

text: as

text: laborers

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: groceries

text: in

text: small

text: towns

text: throughout

text: the

text: South

text: They

text: worked

text: to

text: get

text: their

text: children

text: educated

text: and

text: socially

text: mobile

question: Where did most Chinese men enter the US?

answer: primarily on the West Coast and in western territories

text: primarily on the West Coast and in western territories

question: Who imported Chinese laborers?

answer: white planters

text: white planters

question: What cause wives to be unable to move to the US with their Chinese husbands after 1882?

answer: the Chinese Exclusion Act

text: the Chinese Exclusion Act

question: What did racial bias generally mean for Chinese people?

answer: they did not take white spouses

text: they did not take white spouses

question: What did Chinese laborers do after they left that line of work?

answer: set up groceries in small towns throughout the South

text: set up groceries in small towns throughout the South