text: A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them. Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualisms between the plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: A

text: large

text: percentage

text: of

text: herbivores

text: have

text: mutualistic

text: gut

text: flora

text: that

text: help

text: them

text: digest

text: plant

text: matter

text: which

text: is

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: digest

text: than

text: animal

text: prey

text: This

text: gut

text: flora

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: cellulose

text: digesting

text: protozoans

text: or

text: bacteria

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: herbivores

text: intestines

text: Coral

text: reefs

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: mutualisms

text: between

text: coral

text: organisms

text: and

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: algae

text: that

text: live

text: inside

text: them

text: Most

text: land

text: plants

text: and

text: land

text: ecosystems

text: rely

text: on

text: mutualisms

text: between

text: the

text: plants

text: which

text: fix

text: carbon

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: mycorrhyzal

text: fungi

text: which

text: help

text: in

text: extracting

text: water

text: and

text: minerals

text: from

text: the

text: ground

question: What type of relationship do herbivores have with the bacteria in their intestines?

answer: mutualistic

text: mutualistic

question: What do coral and algae produce together?

answer: Coral reefs

text: Coral reefs

question: How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?

answer: fix carbon from the air

text: fix carbon from the air

question: What type of fungus draws liquid and minerals out of the earth?

answer: mycorrhyzal

text: mycorrhyzal


text: Albertus Magnus championed the idea, drawn from Dionysus, that positive knowledge of God is possible, but obscure. Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to what He is in Himself. And there is no contradiction between a relative affirmation and an absolute negation. It is not contradictory to say that someone is white-toothed and not white".

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Albertus

text: Magnus

text: championed

text: the

text: idea

text: drawn

text: from

text: Dionysus

text: that

text: positive

text: knowledge

text: of

text: God

text: is

text: possible

text: but

text: obscure

text: Thus

text: it

text: is

text: easier

text: to

text: state

text: what

text: God

text: is

text: not

text: than

text: to

text: state

text: what

text: God

text: is

text: we

text: affirm

text: things

text: of

text: God

text: only

text: relatively

text: that

text: is

text: casually

text: whereas

text: we

text: deny

text: things

text: of

text: God

text: absolutely

text: that

text: is

text: with

text: reference

text: to

text: what

text: He

text: is

text: in

text: Himself

text: And

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: contradiction

text: between

text: a

text: relative

text: affirmation

text: and

text: an

text: absolute

text: negation

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: contradictory

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: someone

text: is

text: white

text: toothed

text: and

text: not

text: white

question: What idea did Albertus champion?

answer: positive knowledge of God is possible

text: positive knowledge of God is possible

question: Who influenced Magnus at this time?

answer: Dionysus

text: Dionysus

question: What is it easier to do regarding God?

answer: state what God is not

text: state what God is not

question: How do we deny things of God?

answer: absolutely

text: absolutely


text: The victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan—because the United States, meant to be the fifth permanent member, left because the US Senate voted on 19 March 1920 against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: The

text: victorious

text: great

text: powers

text: also

text: gained

text: an

text: acknowledgement

text: of

text: their

text: status

text: through

text: permanent

text: seats

text: at

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: Council

text: where

text: they

text: acted

text: as

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: executive

text: body

text: directing

text: the

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: However

text: the

text: Council

text: began

text: with

text: only

text: four

text: permanent

text: members

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: France

text: Italy

text: and

text: Japan

text: because

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: fifth

text: permanent

text: member

text: left

text: because

text: the

text: US

text: Senate

text: voted

text: on

text: March

text: against

text: the

text: ratification

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: thus

text: preventing

text: American

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: League

question: Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations Council?

answer: United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan

text: United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan

question: What organiztion acted as acknowledgement of status of great powers?

answer: League of Nations Council

text: League of Nations Council

question: Why was United Stated excluded from League of Nations Council?

answer: against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League

text: against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League

question: When did US Senate vote against treaty of versailles ratification?

answer: 19 March 1920

text: 19 March 1920


text: The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where the federal government would be located. This location would then be appropriated as federal land, with the federal government acting as the local authority. The two main candidates to become the capital were Mexico City and Querétaro.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: Acta

text: Constitutiva

text: de

text: la

text: Federación

text: of

text: January

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Constitution

text: of

text: October

text: fixed

text: the

text: political

text: and

text: administrative

text: organization

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: In

text: addition

text: Section

text: XXVIII

text: of

text: Article

text: gave

text: the

text: new

text: Congress

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: choose

text: where

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: would

text: be

text: located

text: This

text: location

text: would

text: then

text: be

text: appropriated

text: as

text: federal

text: land

text: with

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: acting

text: as

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: candidates

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: capital

text: were

text: Mexico

text: City

text: and

text: Querétaro

question: What was the other city in the running to become capital of Mexico?

answer: Querétaro

text: Querétaro

question: What part of the constitution established the right to create a capital city?

answer: Section XXVIII of Article 50

text: Section XXVIII of Article 50

question: When was the federal constitution signed?

answer: October 4, 1824

text: October 4, 1824

question: What type of land is Mexico City?

answer: federal

text: federal

question: Who is in charge of the land of Mexico City according to the original constitution?

answer: federal government

text: federal government


text: Later, von Neumann suggested a new method of linear programming, using the homogeneous linear system of Gordan (1873), which was later popularized by Karmarkar's algorithm. Von Neumann's method used a pivoting algorithm between simplices, with the pivoting decision determined by a nonnegative least squares subproblem with a convexity constraint (projecting the zero-vector onto the convex hull of the active simplex). Von Neumann's algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Later

text: von

text: Neumann

text: suggested

text: a

text: new

text: method

text: of

text: linear

text: programming

text: using

text: the

text: homogeneous

text: linear

text: system

text: of

text: Gordan

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: popularized

text: by

text: Karmarkar

text: 's

text: algorithm

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: method

text: used

text: a

text: pivoting

text: algorithm

text: between

text: simplices

text: with

text: the

text: pivoting

text: decision

text: determined

text: by

text: a

text: nonnegative

text: least

text: squares

text: subproblem

text: with

text: a

text: convexity

text: constraint

text: projecting

text: the

text: zero

text: vector

text: onto

text: the

text: convex

text: hull

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: simplex

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: algorithm

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: interior

text: point

text: method

text: of

text: linear

text: programming

question: What was the new method of linear programming that von Neumann suggested?

answer: homogeneous linear system of Gordan

text: homogeneous linear system of Gordan

question: What did von Neuman's method use?

answer: pivoting algorithm between simplices

text: pivoting algorithm between simplices

question: What was von Neumann's method known to be the first of?

answer: algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming.

text: algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming.


text: Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ to female scholars, giving information on 1,075 of them. More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: women

text: accounted

text: for

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: Islamic

text: scholars

text: However

text: al

text: Sakhawi

text: and

text: Mohammad

text: Akram

text: Nadwi

text: have

text: since

text: found

text: evidence

text: of

text: over

text: female

text: scholars

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: al

text: Sakhawi

text: devotes

text: an

text: entire

text: volume

text: of

text: his

text: biographical

text: dictionary

text: al

text: Ḍawʾ

text: al

text: lāmiʻ

text: to

text: female

text: scholars

text: giving

text: information

text: on

text: of

text: them

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: scholar

text: Mohammad

text: Akram

text: Nadwi

text: currently

text: a

text: researcher

text: from

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Centre

text: for

text: Islamic

text: Studies

text: has

text: written

text: volumes

text: on

text: the

text: muḥaddithāt

text: the

text: women

text: scholars

text: of

text: ḥadīth

text: and

text: found

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: them

question: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 1200s?

answer: less than one percent

text: less than one percent

question: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1400s?

answer: over 8,000

text: over 8,000

question: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students?

answer: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ

text: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ

question: How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami?

answer: 1,075


text: Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: Investitures

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: conferring

text: of

text: knighthoods

text: by

text: dubbing

text: with

text: a

text: sword

text: and

text: other

text: awards

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: palace

text: 's

text: Ballroom

text: built

text: in

text: At

text: m

text: ft

text: long

text: m

text: ft

text: wide

text: and

text: m

text: ft

text: high

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: room

text: in

text: the

text: palace

text: It

text: has

text: replaced

text: the

text: throne

text: room

text: in

text: importance

text: and

text: use

text: During

text: investitures

text: the

text: Queen

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: throne

text: dais

text: beneath

text: a

text: giant

text: domed

text: velvet

text: canopy

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: shamiana

text: or

text: a

text: baldachin

text: that

text: was

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Durbar

text: in

text: A

text: military

text: band

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: musicians

text: gallery

text: as

text: award

text: recipients

text: approach

text: the

text: Queen

text: and

text: receive

text: their

text: honours

text: watched

text: by

text: their

text: families

text: and

text: friends

question: Where do Investitures take place?

answer: in the palace's Ballroom

text: in the palace's Ballroom

question: What year was The Ballroom built?

answer: 1854

question: Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?

answer: the throne room

text: the throne room

question: What is the largest room in the palace?

answer: the palace's Ballroom

text: the palace's Ballroom

question: What does the Queen stand on during Investitures?

answer: the throne dais

text: the throne dais

question: Knighthood is given by being dubbed with what object?

answer: a sword

text: a sword

question: What is the largest room in the palace?

answer: Ballroom

text: Ballroom

question: The Ballroom replaced which other room in terms of importance and use?

answer: the throne room

text: the throne room


text: In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland (later Barbara Outland Baker), an English teacher he lived with until 1974. Schwarzenegger talked about Barbara in his memoir in 1977: "Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life." Baker has described Schwarzenegger as "[a] joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic" but claims towards the end of the relationship he became "insufferable – classically conceited – the world revolved around him". Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak. Although Baker, at times, painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover, Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword, and also met with Baker for three hours. Baker claims, for example, that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split, and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life. Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ. The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S – their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television. They shared an apartment in Santa Monica for three and a half years, and having little money, would visit the beach all day, or have barbecues in the back yard. Although Baker claims that when she first met him, he had "little understanding of polite society" and she found him a turn-off, she says, "He's as much a self-made man as it's possible to be – he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive … I'll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me."

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: met

text: Barbara

text: Outland

text: later

text: Barbara

text: Outland

text: Baker

text: an

text: English

text: teacher

text: he

text: lived

text: with

text: until

text: Schwarzenegger

text: talked

text: about

text: Barbara

text: in

text: his

text: memoir

text: in

text: Basically

text: it

text: came

text: down

text: to

text: this

text: she

text: was

text: a

text: well

text: balanced

text: woman

text: who

text: wanted

text: an

text: ordinary

text: solid

text: life

text: and

text: I

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: well

text: balanced

text: man

text: and

text: hated

text: the

text: very

text: idea

text: of

text: ordinary

text: life

text: Baker

text: has

text: described

text: Schwarzenegger

text: as

text: a

text: joyful

text: personality

text: totally

text: charismatic

text: adventurous

text: and

text: athletic

text: but

text: claims

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: he

text: became

text: insufferable

text: classically

text: conceited

text: the

text: world

text: revolved

text: around

text: him

text: Baker

text: published

text: her

text: memoir

text: in

text: entitled

text: Arnold

text: and

text: Me

text: In

text: the

text: Shadow

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Oak

text: Although

text: Baker

text: at

text: times

text: painted

text: an

text: unflattering

text: portrait

text: of

text: her

text: former

text: lover

text: Schwarzenegger

text: actually

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: tell

text: all

text: book

text: with

text: a

text: foreword

text: and

text: also

text: met

text: with

text: Baker

text: for

text: three

text: hours

text: Baker

text: claims

text: for

text: example

text: that

text: she

text: only

text: learned

text: of

text: his

text: being

text: unfaithful

text: after

text: they

text: split

text: and

text: talks

text: of

text: a

text: turbulent

text: and

text: passionate

text: love

text: life

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: that

text: their

text: respective

text: recollection

text: of

text: events

text: can

text: differ

text: The

text: couple

text: first

text: met

text: six

text: to

text: eight

text: months

text: after

text: his

text: arrival

text: in

text: the

text: U.S

text: their

text: first

text: date

text: was

text: watching

text: the

text: first

text: Apollo

text: Moon

text: landing

text: on

text: television

text: They

text: shared

text: an

text: apartment

text: in

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: for

text: three

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: years

text: and

text: having

text: little

text: money

text: would

text: visit

text: the

text: beach

text: all

text: day

text: or

text: have

text: barbecues

text: in

text: the

text: back

text: yard

text: Although

text: Baker

text: claims

text: that

text: when

text: she

text: first

text: met

text: him

text: he

text: had

text: little

text: understanding

text: of

text: polite

text: society

text: and

text: she

text: found

text: him

text: a

text: turn

text: off

text: she

text: says

text: He

text: 's

text: as

text: much

text: a

text: self

text: made

text: man

text: as

text: it

text: 's

text: possible

text: to

text: be

text: he

text: never

text: got

text: encouragement

text: from

text: his

text: parents

text: his

text: family

text: his

text: brother

text: He

text: just

text: had

text: this

text: huge

text: determination

text: to

text: prove

text: himself

text: and

text: that

text: was

text: very

text: attractive

text: I

text: 'll

text: go

text: to

text: my

text: grave

text: knowing

text: Arnold

text: loved

text: me

question: In what year did Schwarzenegger's former girlfriend Barbara Outland Baker publish her memoir?

answer: 2006

question: What did Baker say Schwarzenegger didn't understand when she first met him?

answer: polite society

text: polite society

question: What historical event did Baker and Schwarzenegger watch on TV together on their first date?

answer: the first Apollo Moon landing

text: the first Apollo Moon landing


text: The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919 nor by the Basic Law (Constitution) of 1949. Three Länder call themselves Freistaaten (Free States, which is the old-fashioned German expression for Republic), Bavaria (since 1919), Saxony (originally since 1919 and again since 1990), and Thuringia (since 1994). There is little continuity between the current states and their predecessors of the Weimar Republic with the exception of the three free states, and the two city-states of Hamburg and Bremen.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Länder

text: Lands

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Before

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: constituent

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: were

text: called

text: Staaten

text: States

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: common

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: Bundesland

text: Federal

text: Land

text: However

text: this

text: term

text: is

text: not

text: used

text: officially

text: neither

text: by

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: nor

text: by

text: the

text: Basic

text: Law

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Three

text: Länder

text: call

text: themselves

text: Freistaaten

text: Free

text: States

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: old

text: fashioned

text: German

text: expression

text: for

text: Republic

text: Bavaria

text: since

text: Saxony

text: originally

text: since

text: and

text: again

text: since

text: and

text: Thuringia

text: since

text: There

text: is

text: little

text: continuity

text: between

text: the

text: current

text: states

text: and

text: their

text: predecessors

text: of

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: free

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: Bremen

question: What does the term Länder date back to?

answer: the Weimar Constitution of 1919

text: the Weimar Constitution of 1919

question: Before 1919 what were the German states called?

answer: Staaten

text: Staaten

question: What does Bavaria refer to itself as?

answer: Freistaaten

text: Freistaaten

question: How many free states are there in Germany?

answer: three

text: three

question: What are the two city-states in Germany?

answer: Hamburg and Bremen

text: Hamburg and Bremen


text: A major feature is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics. It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics, amidst the general bacchanal. Calypso tents, also originating in Trinidad, feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commentaries, political exposés or rousing exhortations to "wuk dah waistline" and "roll dat bumper". The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award, while the air is redolent with the smells of Bajan cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair. The Cohobblopot Festival blends dance, drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the "Pic-o-de-Crop" Show is performed after the King of Calypso is finally crowned. The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with pulsating Barbadian rhythms and fireworks.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: A

text: major

text: feature

text: is

text: the

text: calypso

text: competition

text: Calypso

text: music

text: originating

text: in

text: Trinidad

text: uses

text: syncopated

text: rhythm

text: and

text: topical

text: lyrics

text: It

text: offers

text: a

text: medium

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: satirise

text: local

text: politics

text: amidst

text: the

text: general

text: bacchanal

text: Calypso

text: tents

text: also

text: originating

text: in

text: Trinidad

text: feature

text: cadres

text: of

text: musicians

text: who

text: perform

text: biting

text: social

text: commentaries

text: political

text: exposés

text: or

text: rousing

text: exhortations

text: to

text: wuk

text: dah

text: waistline

text: and

text: roll

text: dat

text: bumper

text: The

text: groups

text: compete

text: for

text: the

text: Calypso

text: Monarch

text: Award

text: while

text: the

text: air

text: is

text: redolent

text: with

text: the

text: smells

text: of

text: Bajan

text: cooking

text: during

text: the

text: Bridgetown

text: Market

text: Street

text: Fair

text: The

text: Cohobblopot

text: Festival

text: blends

text: dance

text: drama

text: and

text: music

text: with

text: the

text: crowning

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: and

text: Queen

text: of

text: costume

text: bands

text: Every

text: evening

text: the

text: Pic

text: o

text: de

text: Crop

text: Show

text: is

text: performed

text: after

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Calypso

text: is

text: finally

text: crowned

text: The

text: climax

text: of

text: the

text: festival

text: is

text: Kadooment

text: Day

text: celebrated

text: with

text: a

text: national

text: holiday

text: when

text: costume

text: bands

text: fill

text: the

text: streets

text: with

text: pulsating

text: Barbadian

text: rhythms

text: and

text: fireworks

question: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?

answer: calypso

text: calypso

question: Where did Calypso music originate?

answer: Trinidad

text: Trinidad

question: Who perform biting social commentaries?

answer: musicians

text: musicians

question: What do the musical groups compete for?

answer: the Calypso Monarch Award

text: the Calypso Monarch Award

question: What is the climax of the festival called?

answer: Kadooment Day

text: Kadooment Day


text: According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: International

text: Organization

text: for

text: Migration

text: Nigeria

text: witnessed

text: a

text: dramatic

text: increase

text: in

text: remittances

text: sent

text: home

text: from

text: overseas

text: Nigerians

text: going

text: from

text: USD

text: billion

text: in

text: to

text: billion

text: in

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: accounts

text: for

text: the

text: largest

text: portion

text: of

text: official

text: remittances

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Italy

text: Canada

text: Spain

text: and

text: France

text: On

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: Egypt

text: Equatorial

text: Guinea

text: Chad

text: Libya

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: are

text: important

text: source

text: countries

text: of

text: remittance

text: flows

text: to

text: Nigeria

text: while

text: China

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: remittance

text: sending

text: country

text: in

text: Asia

question: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2004?

answer: USD 2.3 billion

text: USD 2.3 billion

question: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2007?

answer: 17.9 billion

text: 17.9 billion

question: Which country has Nigerians sending the most money home?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Which country has Nigerians sending the second-most money home?

answer: United Kingdom

text: United Kingdom

question: Which Asian country has Nigerians sending the most money home?

answer: China

text: China


text: The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration of democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC (Processo Revolucionário Em Curso). This period was characterized by social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces. The retreat from the overseas territories and the acceptance of its independence terms by Portuguese head representatives for overseas negotiations, which would create independent states in 1975, prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from Portuguese Angola and Mozambique).

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: government

text: and

text: army

text: successfully

text: resisted

text: the

text: decolonization

text: of

text: its

text: overseas

text: territories

text: until

text: April

text: when

text: a

text: bloodless

text: left

text: wing

text: military

text: coup

text: in

text: Lisbon

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Carnation

text: Revolution

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: overseas

text: territories

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: democracy

text: after

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: a

text: transitional

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: PREC

text: Processo

text: Revolucionário

text: Em

text: Curso

text: This

text: period

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: social

text: turmoil

text: and

text: power

text: disputes

text: between

text: left-

text: and

text: right

text: wing

text: political

text: forces

text: The

text: retreat

text: from

text: the

text: overseas

text: territories

text: and

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: its

text: independence

text: terms

text: by

text: Portuguese

text: head

text: representatives

text: for

text: overseas

text: negotiations

text: which

text: would

text: create

text: independent

text: states

text: in

text: prompted

text: a

text: mass

text: exodus

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: citizens

text: from

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: African

text: territories

text: mostly

text: from

text: Portuguese

text: Angola

text: and

text: Mozambique

question: Until when did the Portuguese government resist decolonization of their overseas territories?

answer: April 1974

text: April 1974

question: What was the Carnation Revolution?

answer: left-wing military coup in Lisbon

text: left-wing military coup in Lisbon

question: By what was the PREC characterized by?

answer: social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces

text: social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces


text: In 1409, a hospital was founded and placed under the patronage of Santa María de los Inocentes; to this was attached a confraternity devoted to recovering the bodies of the unfriended dead in the city and within a radius of three miles (4.8 km) around it. At the end of the 15th century this confraternity separated from the hospital, and continued its work under the name of "Cofradia para el ámparo de los desamparados". King Philip IV of Spain and the Duke of Arcos suggested the building of the new chapel, and in 1647 the Viceroy, Conde de Oropesa, who had been preserved from the bubonic plague, insisted on carrying out their project. The Blessed Virgin was proclaimed patroness of the city under the title of Virgen de los desamparados (Virgin of the Forsaken), and Archbishop Pedro de Urbina, on 31 June 1652, laid the cornerstone of the new chapel of this name. The archiepiscopal palace, a grain market in the time of the Moors, is simple in design, with an inside cloister and a handsome chapel. In 1357, the arch that connects it with the cathedral was built. In the council chamber are preserved the portraits of all the prelates of Valencia.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: In

text: a

text: hospital

text: was

text: founded

text: and

text: placed

text: under

text: the

text: patronage

text: of

text: Santa

text: María

text: de

text: los

text: Inocentes

text: to

text: this

text: was

text: attached

text: a

text: confraternity

text: devoted

text: to

text: recovering

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: the

text: unfriended

text: dead

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: within

text: a

text: radius

text: of

text: three

text: miles

text: km

text: around

text: it

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: this

text: confraternity

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: hospital

text: and

text: continued

text: its

text: work

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Cofradia

text: para

text: el

text: ámparo

text: de

text: los

text: desamparados

text: King

text: Philip

text: IV

text: of

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Arcos

text: suggested

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: chapel

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: Conde

text: de

text: Oropesa

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: preserved

text: from

text: the

text: bubonic

text: plague

text: insisted

text: on

text: carrying

text: out

text: their

text: project

text: The

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: patroness

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Virgen

text: de

text: los

text: desamparados

text: Virgin

text: of

text: the

text: Forsaken

text: and

text: Archbishop

text: Pedro

text: de

text: Urbina

text: on

text: June

text: laid

text: the

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: chapel

text: of

text: this

text: name

text: The

text: archiepiscopal

text: palace

text: a

text: grain

text: market

text: in

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Moors

text: is

text: simple

text: in

text: design

text: with

text: an

text: inside

text: cloister

text: and

text: a

text: handsome

text: chapel

text: In

text: the

text: arch

text: that

text: connects

text: it

text: with

text: the

text: cathedral

text: was

text: built

text: In

text: the

text: council

text: chamber

text: are

text: preserved

text: the

text: portraits

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: prelates

text: of

text: Valencia

question: Who was the hospital's patroness?

answer: Santa María de los Inocentes

text: Santa María de los Inocentes

question: What was the confraternity called after its separation from the hospital?

answer: Cofradia para el ámparo de los desamparados

text: Cofradia para el ámparo de los desamparados

question: Who placed the chapel's cornerstone?

answer: Archbishop Pedro de Urbina

text: Archbishop Pedro de Urbina

question: What was the archiepiscopal palace during the Moorish period?

answer: a grain market

text: a grain market

question: Who insisted on building the new chapel?

answer: Conde de Oropesa

text: Conde de Oropesa


text: After the Voyager 2 flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible at in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been a couple of discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner. In 2003, there was a proposal in NASA's "Vision Missions Studies" for a "Neptune Orbiter with Probes" mission that does Cassini-level science. Another, more recent proposal was for Argo, a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019, that would visit Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object. The focus would be on Neptune and its largest moon Triton to be investigated around 2029. The proposed New Horizons 2 mission (which was later scrapped) might also have done a close flyby of the Neptunian system.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: After

text: the

text: Voyager

text: flyby

text: mission

text: the

text: next

text: step

text: in

text: scientific

text: exploration

text: of

text: the

text: Neptunian

text: system

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Flagship

text: orbital

text: mission

text: Such

text: a

text: hypothetical

text: mission

text: is

text: envisioned

text: to

text: be

text: possible

text: at

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: or

text: early

text: However

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: couple

text: of

text: discussions

text: to

text: launch

text: Neptune

text: missions

text: sooner

text: In

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: proposal

text: in

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Vision

text: Missions

text: Studies

text: for

text: a

text: Neptune

text: Orbiter

text: with

text: Probes

text: mission

text: that

text: does

text: Cassini

text: level

text: science

text: Another

text: more

text: recent

text: proposal

text: was

text: for

text: Argo

text: a

text: flyby

text: spacecraft

text: to

text: be

text: launched

text: in

text: that

text: would

text: visit

text: Jupiter

text: Saturn

text: Neptune

text: and

text: a

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: object

text: The

text: focus

text: would

text: be

text: on

text: Neptune

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: moon

text: Triton

text: to

text: be

text: investigated

text: around

text: The

text: proposed

text: New

text: Horizons

text: mission

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: scrapped

text: might

text: also

text: have

text: done

text: a

text: close

text: flyby

text: of

text: the

text: Neptunian

text: system

question: When is the next hypothetical mission to Neptune?

answer: late 2020s

text: late 2020s

question: What about Neptune did NASA propose in 2003 in their "Vision Missions Studies"?

answer: Neptune Orbiter with Probes

text: Neptune Orbiter with Probes

question: When will Argo be launched?

answer: 2019

question: What will Argo visit?

answer: Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object

text: Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object

question: When can we expect Argo to visit Triton?

answer: 2029


text: An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: An

text: important

text: guiding

text: principle

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: practice

text: is

text: the

text: Middle

text: Way

text: or

text: Middle

text: Path

text: which

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: by

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: prior

text: to

text: his

text: enlightenment

text: The

text: Middle

text: Way

text: has

text: several

text: definitions

question: When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way?

answer: prior to his enlightenment

text: prior to his enlightenment

question: An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?

answer: the Middle Way

text: the Middle Way

question: Guatama discovered the middle path before his what?

answer: enlightenment

text: enlightenment


text: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates. The journal's mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research, drawing from fields such as history, literature, economics, philosophy, and art. Founded in 2008, the journal features articles by professors, law students, practitioners, and undergraduates. The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: Interdisciplinary

text: Law

text: Review

text: is

text: a

text: scholarly

text: legal

text: publication

text: published

text: annually

text: by

text: an

text: editorial

text: board

text: of

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: undergraduates

text: The

text: journal

text: 's

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: publish

text: interdisciplinary

text: legal

text: research

text: drawing

text: from

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: history

text: literature

text: economics

text: philosophy

text: and

text: art

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: journal

text: features

text: articles

text: by

text: professors

text: law

text: students

text: practitioners

text: and

text: undergraduates

text: The

text: journal

text: is

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: Buffett

text: Center

text: for

text: International

text: and

text: Comparative

text: Studies

text: and

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: Provost

question: What journal was founded in 2008 that features articles by professors and law students?

answer: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review

text: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review

question: Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

answer: Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost

text: Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost

question: How often is The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published?

answer: annually

text: annually

question: Who publishes The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

answer: an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates

text: an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates


text: In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: In

text: his

text: father

text: was

text: elevated

text: to

text: the

text: nobility

text: for

text: his

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: by

text: Emperor

text: Franz

text: Joseph

text: The

text: Neumann

text: family

text: thus

text: acquired

text: the

text: hereditary

text: appellation

text: Margittai

text: meaning

text: of

text: Marghita

text: The

text: family

text: had

text: no

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: town

text: the

text: appellation

text: was

text: chosen

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: Margaret

text: as

text: was

text: those

text: chosen

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: depicting

text: three

text: marguerites

text: Neumann

text: János

text: became

text: Margittai

text: Neumann

text: János

text: John

text: Neumann

text: of

text: Marghita

text: which

text: he

text: later

text: changed

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Johann

text: von

text: Neumann

question: In what year was Von Neumann's father elevated to nobility?

answer: 1913

question: What Emperor elevated Von Neumann's father to nobility?

answer: Emperor Franz Joseph

text: Emperor Franz Joseph

question: What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility?

answer: Marghita

text: Marghita

question: What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility?

answer: Margittai Neumann János

text: Margittai Neumann János


text: With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: With

text: increasing

text: environmental

text: concerns

text: about

text: synthetic

text: coatings

text: such

text: as

text: PFOA

text: and

text: the

text: higher

text: prices

text: of

text: hydrocarbon

text: based

text: petrochemicals

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: focus

text: on

text: zein

text: corn

text: protein

text: as

text: a

text: coating

text: for

text: paper

text: in

text: high

text: grease

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: popcorn

text: bags

question: What is newly used as a coating in high grease applications?

answer: corn protein

text: corn protein

question: Popcorn bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?

answer: corn protein

text: corn protein

question: PFOA is what type of coating?

answer: synthetic

text: synthetic


text: Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch ⟨◌ʱ⟩ for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Some

text: linguists

text: restrict

text: the

text: double

text: dot

text: subscript

text: to

text: murmured

text: sonorants

text: such

text: as

text: vowels

text: and

text: nasals

text: which

text: are

text: murmured

text: throughout

text: their

text: duration

text: and

text: use

text: the

text: superscript

text: hook

text: aitch

text: ʱ⟩

text: for

text: the

text: breathy

text: voiced

text: release

text: of

text: obstruents

question: What do some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to?

answer: murmured sonorants

text: murmured sonorants

question: What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration?

answer: vowels and nasals

text: vowels and nasals

question: What uses the ⟨◌ʱ⟩?

answer: breathy-voiced release of obstruents.

text: breathy-voiced release of obstruents.


text: The year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of the new year. Even though the year used for dates changed, the civil year always displayed its months in the order January to December from the Roman Republican period until the present.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: The

text: year

text: used

text: in

text: dates

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: consular

text: year

text: which

text: began

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: when

text: consuls

text: first

text: entered

text: office

text: probably

text: May

text: before

text: BC

text: March

text: from

text: BC

text: and

text: January

text: from

text: BC

text: The

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: BC

text: continued

text: to

text: use

text: January

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: year

text: Even

text: though

text: the

text: year

text: used

text: for

text: dates

text: changed

text: the

text: civil

text: year

text: always

text: displayed

text: its

text: months

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: January

text: to

text: December

text: from

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republican

text: period

text: until

text: the

text: present

question: What year did the Roman Republic use for dates?

answer: consular year

text: consular year

question: What event started the consular year?

answer: consuls first entered office

text: consuls first entered office

question: What was the date of the consular year before 222 BC?

answer: 1 May

text: 1 May

question: What was the date of the start of the consular year from 222 BC?

answer: 15 March

text: 15 March

question: When did Rome begin to use the Julian calendar?

answer: 45 BC

text: 45 BC


text: Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous diseases and several types of damage. In humans, the effects of strokes and other types of brain damage have been a key source of information about brain function. Because there is no ability to experimentally control the nature of the damage, however, this information is often difficult to interpret. In animal studies, most commonly involving rats, it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce precise patterns of damage and then examine the consequences for behavior.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Another

text: approach

text: to

text: brain

text: function

text: is

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: damage

text: to

text: specific

text: brain

text: areas

text: Even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: skull

text: and

text: meninges

text: surrounded

text: by

text: cerebrospinal

text: fluid

text: and

text: isolated

text: from

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: by

text: the

text: blood

text: brain

text: barrier

text: the

text: delicate

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: makes

text: it

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: numerous

text: diseases

text: and

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: damage

text: In

text: humans

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: strokes

text: and

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: brain

text: damage

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: key

text: source

text: of

text: information

text: about

text: brain

text: function

text: Because

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: ability

text: to

text: experimentally

text: control

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: damage

text: however

text: this

text: information

text: is

text: often

text: difficult

text: to

text: interpret

text: In

text: animal

text: studies

text: most

text: commonly

text: involving

text: rats

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: use

text: electrodes

text: or

text: locally

text: injected

text: chemicals

text: to

text: produce

text: precise

text: patterns

text: of

text: damage

text: and

text: then

text: examine

text: the

text: consequences

text: for

text: behavior

question: The brain is surrounded by what type of fluid?

answer: cerebrospinal fluid

text: cerebrospinal fluid

question: The brain is separated from the bloodstream by what feature?

answer: the blood–brain barrier

text: the blood–brain barrier

question: The two main structures that protect the brain are what?

answer: the skull and meninges

text: the skull and meninges

question: What type of disease if often studied to understand damage to the brain?

answer: strokes

text: strokes

question: What type of animal is most commonly used to study brain damage?

answer: rats

text: rats


text: It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase. The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the Pekin duck, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days. In the Western world, ducks are not as popular as chickens, because the latter produce larger quantities of white, lean meat and are easier to keep intensively, making the price of chicken meat lower than that of duck meat. While popular in haute cuisine, duck appears less frequently in the mass-market food industry. However, things are different in the East. Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in harvested rice fields and other wet environments.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: agreed

text: that

text: the

text: mallard

text: Anas

text: platyrhynchos

text: is

text: the

text: ancestor

text: of

text: all

text: breeds

text: of

text: domestic

text: duck

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Muscovy

text: duck

text: Cairina

text: moschata

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: other

text: ducks

text: Ducks

text: are

text: farmed

text: mainly

text: for

text: their

text: meat

text: eggs

text: and

text: down

text: As

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: chickens

text: various

text: breeds

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: selected

text: for

text: egg

text: laying

text: ability

text: fast

text: growth

text: and

text: a

text: well

text: covered

text: carcase

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: commercial

text: breed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: Pekin

text: duck

text: which

text: can

text: lay

text: eggs

text: a

text: year

text: and

text: can

text: reach

text: a

text: weight

text: of

text: kg

text: lb

text: in

text: days

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: ducks

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: popular

text: as

text: chickens

text: because

text: the

text: latter

text: produce

text: larger

text: quantities

text: of

text: white

text: lean

text: meat

text: and

text: are

text: easier

text: to

text: keep

text: intensively

text: making

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: chicken

text: meat

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: duck

text: meat

text: While

text: popular

text: in

text: haute

text: cuisine

text: duck

text: appears

text: less

text: frequently

text: in

text: the

text: mass

text: market

text: food

text: industry

text: However

text: things

text: are

text: different

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Ducks

text: are

text: more

text: popular

text: there

text: than

text: chickens

text: and

text: are

text: mostly

text: still

text: herded

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: way

text: and

text: selected

text: for

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: find

text: sufficient

text: food

text: in

text: harvested

text: rice

text: fields

text: and

text: other

text: wet

text: environments

question: What breed of duck is considered the first?

answer: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck

text: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck

question: What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans?

answer: various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase.

text: various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase.

question: What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K.

answer: Pekin duck

text: Pekin duck

question: Why is the Pekin duck the favored of the western world?

answer: can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days

text: can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days

question: Why is duck more common than other poultry in the east society ??

answer: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in

text: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in


text: In the mid-16th century, "botanical gardens" were founded in a number of Italian universities – the Padua botanical garden in 1545 is usually considered to be the first which is still in its original location. These gardens continued the practical value of earlier "physic gardens", often associated with monasteries, in which plants were cultivated for medical use. They supported the growth of botany as an academic subject. Lectures were given about the plants grown in the gardens and their medical uses demonstrated. Botanical gardens came much later to northern Europe; the first in England was the University of Oxford Botanic Garden in 1621. Throughout this period, botany remained firmly subordinate to medicine.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: botanical

text: gardens

text: were

text: founded

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Italian

text: universities

text: the

text: Padua

text: botanical

text: garden

text: in

text: is

text: usually

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: its

text: original

text: location

text: These

text: gardens

text: continued

text: the

text: practical

text: value

text: of

text: earlier

text: physic

text: gardens

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: monasteries

text: in

text: which

text: plants

text: were

text: cultivated

text: for

text: medical

text: use

text: They

text: supported

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: botany

text: as

text: an

text: academic

text: subject

text: Lectures

text: were

text: given

text: about

text: the

text: plants

text: grown

text: in

text: the

text: gardens

text: and

text: their

text: medical

text: uses

text: demonstrated

text: Botanical

text: gardens

text: came

text: much

text: later

text: to

text: northern

text: Europe

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: England

text: was

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Oxford

text: Botanic

text: Garden

text: in

text: Throughout

text: this

text: period

text: botany

text: remained

text: firmly

text: subordinate

text: to

text: medicine

question: What was the first botanical garden at an Italian university?

answer: Padua

text: Padua

question: Where is the Padua garden?

answer: its original location

text: its original location

question: Why did monasteries have gardens?

answer: for medical use

text: for medical use

question: What science was botany considered to be a part of?

answer: medicine

text: medicine

question: Where was the first European botany garden at a university?

answer: University of Oxford

text: University of Oxford


text: Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: Estonian

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: Finnic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Uralic

text: languages

text: along

text: with

text: Finnish

text: Karelian

text: and

text: other

text: nearby

text: languages

text: The

text: Uralic

text: languages

text: do

text: not

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: Estonian

text: is

text: distantly

text: related

text: to

text: Hungarian

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Sami

text: languages

question: What Uralic language branch contains Estonian?

answer: Finnic

text: Finnic

question: What are two other languages in the Finnic branch?

answer: Finnish, Karelian

text: Finnish, Karelian

question: What language group is Estonian not a part of?

answer: Indo-European languages

text: Indo-European languages

question: What languages are related to Estonian but not closely?

answer: Hungarian and to the Sami languages

text: Hungarian and to the Sami languages


text: China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: China

text: The

text: torch

text: returned

text: to

text: China

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: April

text: The

text: torch

text: arrived

text: in

text: Sanya

text: Hainan

text: on

text: May

text: with

text: celebrations

text: attended

text: by

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: IOC

text: officials

text: and

text: Chinese

text: big

text: names

text: like

text: Jackie

text: Chan

text: The

text: entire

text: relay

text: through

text: Mainland

text: China

text: was

text: largely

text: a

text: success

text: with

text: many

text: people

text: welcoming

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: along

text: the

text: way

question: After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?

answer: May 4

text: May 4

question: What actor attended a torch celebration in China?

answer: Jackie Chan

text: Jackie Chan

question: When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan?

answer: May 4

text: May 4

question: When was the last time the torch had been in China?

answer: April.

text: April.

question: Who attended the celebrations?

answer: IOC

text: IOC

question: Which actor also attended the celebrations?

answer: Jackie Chan.

text: Jackie Chan.


text: In the higher education sector, there are seven designated Universities of Technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase "university of technology", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universities with the ability - most important of all - to confer doctorates):

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: the

text: higher

text: education

text: sector

text: there

text: are

text: seven

text: designated

text: Universities

text: of

text: Technology

text: in

text: Australia

text: though

text: note

text: not

text: all

text: use

text: the

text: phrase

text: university

text: of

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Universities

text: of

text: Canberra

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: which

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: Colleges

text: of

text: Advanced

text: Education

text: before

text: transitioning

text: into

text: fully

text: fledged

text: universities

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: most

text: important

text: of

text: all

text: to

text: confer

text: doctorates

question: In Australia, how many universities are recognized as Universities of Technology?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation. (The prayer required by the New York State Board of Regents prior to the Court's decision consisted of: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country. Amen.") As the Court stated:

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: addressed

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: officially

text: sponsored

text: prayer

text: or

text: religious

text: recitations

text: in

text: public

text: schools

text: In

text: Engel

text: v.

text: Vitale

text: U.S.

text: the

text: Court

text: by

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: determined

text: it

text: unconstitutional

text: for

text: state

text: officials

text: to

text: compose

text: an

text: official

text: school

text: prayer

text: and

text: require

text: its

text: recitation

text: in

text: public

text: schools

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: prayer

text: is

text: non

text: denominational

text: and

text: students

text: may

text: excuse

text: themselves

text: from

text: participation

text: The

text: prayer

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: Board

text: of

text: Regents

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Court

text: 's

text: decision

text: consisted

text: of

text: Almighty

text: God

text: we

text: acknowledge

text: our

text: dependence

text: upon

text: Thee

text: and

text: we

text: beg

text: Thy

text: blessings

text: upon

text: us

text: our

text: parents

text: our

text: teachers

text: and

text: our

text: country

text: Amen

text: As

text: the

text: Court

text: stated

question: When did the Supreme Court address the issue of officially sponsored prayer in public schools?

answer: 1962

question: What was the case in 1962 where the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially sponsored school prayer?

answer: Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421

text: Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421

question: By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an official school prayer?

answer: 6-1

question: Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?

answer: unconstitutional

text: unconstitutional


text: Many modern specialty matches have been devised, with unique winning conditions. The most common of these is the ladder match. In the basic ladder match, the wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoisted above the ring. The key to winning this match is that the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder and secure that prize for their team. As a result, the ladder can be used as a weapon. The prizes include – but are not limited to any given championship belt (the traditional prize), a document granting the winner the right to a future title shot, or any document that matters to the wrestlers involved in the match (such as one granting the winner a cash prize). Another common specialty match is known as the battle royal. In a battle royal, all the wrestlers enter the ring to the point that there are 20-30 wrestlers in the ring at one time. When the match begins, the simple objective is to throw the opponent over the top rope and out of the ring with both feet on the floor in order to eliminate that opponent. The last wrestler standing is declared the winner. A variant on this type of match is the WWE's Royal Rumble where two wrestlers enter the ring to start the match and other wrestlers follow in 90 second intervals (previously 2 minutes) until 30-40 wrestlers have entered the ring. All other rules stay the same. For more match types, see Professional wrestling match types.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Many

text: modern

text: specialty

text: matches

text: have

text: been

text: devised

text: with

text: unique

text: winning

text: conditions

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: of

text: these

text: is

text: the

text: ladder

text: match

text: In

text: the

text: basic

text: ladder

text: match

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: or

text: teams

text: of

text: wrestlers

text: must

text: climb

text: a

text: ladder

text: to

text: obtain

text: a

text: prize

text: that

text: is

text: hoisted

text: above

text: the

text: ring

text: The

text: key

text: to

text: winning

text: this

text: match

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: wrestler

text: or

text: team

text: of

text: wrestlers

text: must

text: try

text: to

text: incapacitate

text: each

text: other

text: long

text: enough

text: for

text: one

text: wrestler

text: to

text: climb

text: the

text: ladder

text: and

text: secure

text: that

text: prize

text: for

text: their

text: team

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: ladder

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: weapon

text: The

text: prizes

text: include

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: any

text: given

text: championship

text: belt

text: the

text: traditional

text: prize

text: a

text: document

text: granting

text: the

text: winner

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: a

text: future

text: title

text: shot

text: or

text: any

text: document

text: that

text: matters

text: to

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: match

text: such

text: as

text: one

text: granting

text: the

text: winner

text: a

text: cash

text: prize

text: Another

text: common

text: specialty

text: match

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: battle

text: royal

text: In

text: a

text: battle

text: royal

text: all

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: enter

text: the

text: ring

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: wrestlers

text: in

text: the

text: ring

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: When

text: the

text: match

text: begins

text: the

text: simple

text: objective

text: is

text: to

text: throw

text: the

text: opponent

text: over

text: the

text: top

text: rope

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: with

text: both

text: feet

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: eliminate

text: that

text: opponent

text: The

text: last

text: wrestler

text: standing

text: is

text: declared

text: the

text: winner

text: A

text: variant

text: on

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: match

text: is

text: the

text: WWE

text: 's

text: Royal

text: Rumble

text: where

text: two

text: wrestlers

text: enter

text: the

text: ring

text: to

text: start

text: the

text: match

text: and

text: other

text: wrestlers

text: follow

text: in

text: second

text: intervals

text: previously

text: minutes

text: until

text: wrestlers

text: have

text: entered

text: the

text: ring

text: All

text: other

text: rules

text: stay

text: the

text: same

text: For

text: more

text: match

text: types

text: see

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: match

text: types

question: What is the most common of the special matches?

answer: The most common of these is the ladder match

text: The most common of these is the ladder match

question: What must the wrestlers do in a ladder match?

answer: In the basic ladder match, the wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoisted above the ring.

text: In the basic ladder match, the wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoisted above the ring.

question: How does one win a ladder match?

answer: the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder and secure that prize for their team.

text: the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder and secure that prize for their team.

question: What is a common prize in a ladder match?

answer: championship belt

text: championship belt

question: How many wrestlers are in a standard battle royal match?

answer: 20-30 wrestlers

text: 20-30 wrestlers


text: By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive. This term was accepted as normal, including by people classified as Negroes, until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s. One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. of his own race as "Negro" in his famous speech of 1963, I Have a Dream. During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse. Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: By

text: the

text: nigger

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: pejorative

text: word

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: its

text: stead

text: the

text: term

text: colored

text: became

text: the

text: mainstream

text: alternative

text: to

text: negro

text: and

text: its

text: derived

text: terms

text: After

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: Civil

text: rights

text: movement

text: the

text: terms

text: colored

text: and

text: negro

text: gave

text: way

text: to

text: black

text: Negro

text: had

text: superseded

text: colored

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: polite

text: word

text: for

text: African

text: Americans

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: black

text: was

text: considered

text: more

text: offensive

text: This

text: term

text: was

text: accepted

text: as

text: normal

text: including

text: by

text: people

text: classified

text: as

text: Negroes

text: until

text: the

text: later

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: One

text: well

text: known

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: identification

text: by

text: Reverend

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: King

text: Jr.

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: race

text: as

text: Negro

text: in

text: his

text: famous

text: speech

text: of

text: I

text: Have

text: a

text: Dream

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: some

text: African

text: American

text: leaders

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: notably

text: Malcolm

text: X

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: word

text: Negro

text: because

text: they

text: associated

text: it

text: with

text: the

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: slavery

text: segregation

text: and

text: discrimination

text: that

text: treated

text: African

text: Americans

text: as

text: second

text: class

text: citizens

text: or

text: worse

text: Malcolm

text: X

text: preferred

text: Black

text: to

text: Negro

text: but

text: later

text: gradually

text: abandoned

text: that

text: as

text: well

text: for

text: Afro

text: American

text: after

text: leaving

text: the

text: Nation

text: of

text: Islam

question: When did "nigger" become a pejorative word?

answer: By the 1900s

text: By the 1900s

question: What term replaced negro as mainstream?

answer: colored

text: colored

question: What term followed "negro" and "colored"?

answer: "black"

text: "black"

question: What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric?

answer: the African-American Civil rights movement

text: the African-American Civil rights movement

question: Who led the Civil Rights movement?

answer: Reverend Martin Luther King

text: Reverend Martin Luther King


text: Germany's high-altitude needs were originally going to be filled by a 75 mm gun from Krupp, designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors, but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance. In response Krupp's engineers presented a new 88 mm design, the FlaK 36. First used in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, the gun proved to be one of the best anti-aircraft guns in the world, as well as particularly deadly against light, medium, and even early heavy tanks.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Germany

text: 's

text: high

text: altitude

text: needs

text: were

text: originally

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: filled

text: by

text: a

text: mm

text: gun

text: from

text: Krupp

text: designed

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: their

text: Swedish

text: counterpart

text: Bofors

text: but

text: the

text: specifications

text: were

text: later

text: amended

text: to

text: require

text: much

text: higher

text: performance

text: In

text: response

text: Krupp

text: 's

text: engineers

text: presented

text: a

text: new

text: mm

text: design

text: the

text: FlaK

text: First

text: used

text: in

text: Spain

text: during

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: gun

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: guns

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: particularly

text: deadly

text: against

text: light

text: medium

text: and

text: even

text: early

text: heavy

text: tanks

question: High altitude needs in Germany were going to be handled by what?

answer: a 75 mm gun from Krupp

text: a 75 mm gun from Krupp

question: Who also collaborated in the design of the 75 mm gun?

answer: Bofors

text: Bofors

question: Because higher performance was needed, Krupp's workers designed what?

answer: a new 88 mm design, the FlaK 36

text: a new 88 mm design, the FlaK 36

question: Where was the first place the FlaK 36 was used?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: What war was the FlaK first used in?

answer: Spanish Civil War

text: Spanish Civil War


text: Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Historians

text: estimate

text: that

text: between

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: million

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Black

text: Africans

text: were

text: enslaved

text: by

text: Arab

text: slave

text: traders

text: and

text: transported

text: to

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: This

text: number

text: far

text: exceeded

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: slaves

text: who

text: were

text: taken

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: Several

text: factors

text: affected

text: the

text: visibility

text: of

text: descendants

text: of

text: this

text: diaspora

text: in

text: century

text: Arab

text: societies

text: The

text: traders

text: shipped

text: more

text: female

text: slaves

text: than

text: males

text: as

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: demand

text: for

text: them

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: concubines

text: in

text: harems

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: Male

text: slaves

text: were

text: castrated

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: harem

text: guards

text: The

text: death

text: toll

text: of

text: Black

text: African

text: slaves

text: from

text: forced

text: labor

text: was

text: high

text: The

text: mixed

text: race

text: children

text: of

text: female

text: slaves

text: and

text: Arab

text: owners

text: were

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: Arab

text: owners

text: families

text: under

text: the

text: patrilineal

text: kinship

text: system

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: few

text: distinctive

text: Afro

text: Arab

text: black

text: communities

text: have

text: survived

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: neighboring

text: countries

question: How many sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved?

answer: 10 to 18 million

text: 10 to 18 million

question: In what time frame were these people enslaved?

answer: between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century

text: between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century

question: Who enslaved these people?

answer: Arab slave traders

text: Arab slave traders

question: Why were women slaves more popular?

answer: for them to serve as concubines

text: for them to serve as concubines

question: Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?

answer: The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners

text: The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners


text: An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air Force's scheduled TriStar flights to the Falkland Islands. Some airbases are co-located with civilian airports, sharing the same ATC facilities, runways, taxiways and emergency services, but with separate terminals, parking areas and hangars. Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: An

text: airbase

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: air

text: station

text: or

text: airfield

text: provides

text: basing

text: and

text: support

text: of

text: military

text: aircraft

text: Some

text: airbases

text: known

text: as

text: military

text: airports

text: provide

text: facilities

text: similar

text: to

text: their

text: civilian

text: counterparts

text: For

text: example

text: RAF

text: Brize

text: Norton

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: has

text: a

text: terminal

text: which

text: caters

text: to

text: passengers

text: for

text: the

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: 's

text: scheduled

text: TriStar

text: flights

text: to

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: Some

text: airbases

text: are

text: co

text: located

text: with

text: civilian

text: airports

text: sharing

text: the

text: same

text: ATC

text: facilities

text: runways

text: taxiways

text: and

text: emergency

text: services

text: but

text: with

text: separate

text: terminals

text: parking

text: areas

text: and

text: hangars

text: Bardufoss

text: Airport

text: Bardufoss

text: Air

text: Station

text: in

text: Norway

text: and

text: Pune

text: Airport

text: in

text: India

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: this

question: An airfield is also referred to as what?

answer: airbase

text: airbase

question: What provides basing and support of military aircraft?

answer: airbase

text: airbase

question: Where is RAF Brize Norton located?

answer: the UK

text: the UK

question: Where is Bardufoss Air Station located?

answer: Norway

text: Norway

question: Where is Pune Airport located?

answer: India

text: India


text: Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world, over most of human history. They suggest that the causes for child labour include both the demand and the supply side. While poverty and unavailability of good schools explain the child labour supply side, they suggest that the growth of low-paying informal economy rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the causes of the demand side. Other scholars too suggest that inflexible labour market, sise of informal economy, inability of industries to scale up and lack of modern manufacturing technologies are major macroeconomic factors affecting demand and acceptability of child labour.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Biggeri

text: and

text: Mehrotra

text: have

text: studied

text: the

text: macroeconomic

text: factors

text: that

text: encourage

text: child

text: labour

text: They

text: focus

text: their

text: study

text: on

text: five

text: Asian

text: nations

text: including

text: India

text: Pakistan

text: Indonesia

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Philippines

text: They

text: suggest

text: that

text: child

text: labour

text: is

text: a

text: serious

text: problem

text: in

text: all

text: five

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: new

text: problem

text: Macroeconomic

text: causes

text: encouraged

text: widespread

text: child

text: labour

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: over

text: most

text: of

text: human

text: history

text: They

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: causes

text: for

text: child

text: labour

text: include

text: both

text: the

text: demand

text: and

text: the

text: supply

text: side

text: While

text: poverty

text: and

text: unavailability

text: of

text: good

text: schools

text: explain

text: the

text: child

text: labour

text: supply

text: side

text: they

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: low

text: paying

text: informal

text: economy

text: rather

text: than

text: higher

text: paying

text: formal

text: economy

text: is

text: amongst

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: the

text: demand

text: side

text: Other

text: scholars

text: too

text: suggest

text: that

text: inflexible

text: labour

text: market

text: sise

text: of

text: informal

text: economy

text: inability

text: of

text: industries

text: to

text: scale

text: up

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: modern

text: manufacturing

text: technologies

text: are

text: major

text: macroeconomic

text: factors

text: affecting

text: demand

text: and

text: acceptability

text: of

text: child

text: labour

question: Biggeri and Mehrotra studied primarily Asia nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines and what other country?

answer: Thailand

text: Thailand

question: Is child labour a new issue in these Asian countries?

answer: not a new problem

text: not a new problem

question: Supply and what else causes child labour to still exist today?

answer: demand

text: demand

question: What encourages child labour across the globe?

answer: Macroeconomic

text: Macroeconomic


text: Near the intersection of Craycroft and Ft. Lowell Roads are the remnants of the Historic Fort Lowell. This area has become one of Tucson's iconic neighborhoods. In 1891, the Fort was abandoned and much of the interior was stripped of their useful components and it quickly fell into ruin. In 1900, three of the officer buildings were purchased for use as a sanitarium. The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928. The Bolsius family Pete, Nan and Charles Bolsius purchased and renovated surviving adobe buildings of the Fort – transforming them into spectacular artistic southwestern architectural examples. Their woodwork, plaster treatment and sense of proportion drew on their Dutch heritage and New Mexican experience. Other artists and academics throughout the middle of the 20th century, including: Win Ellis, Jack Maul, Madame Cheruy, Giorgio Belloli, Charels Bode, Veronica Hughart, Edward and Rosamond Spicer, Hazel Larson Archer and Ruth Brown, renovated adobes, built homes and lived in the area. The artist colony attracted writers and poets including beat generation Alan Harrington and Jack Kerouac whose visit is documented in his iconic book On the Road. This rural pocket in the middle of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Each year in February the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark it owns and restored the San Pedro Chapel.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Near

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: Craycroft

text: and

text: Ft

text: Lowell

text: Roads

text: are

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: Historic

text: Fort

text: Lowell

text: This

text: area

text: has

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: Tucson

text: 's

text: iconic

text: neighborhoods

text: In

text: the

text: Fort

text: was

text: abandoned

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: interior

text: was

text: stripped

text: of

text: their

text: useful

text: components

text: and

text: it

text: quickly

text: fell

text: into

text: ruin

text: In

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: officer

text: buildings

text: were

text: purchased

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: sanitarium

text: The

text: sanitarium

text: was

text: then

text: sold

text: to

text: Harvey

text: Adkins

text: in

text: The

text: Bolsius

text: family

text: Pete

text: and

text: Charles

text: Bolsius

text: purchased

text: and

text: renovated

text: surviving

text: adobe

text: buildings

text: of

text: the

text: Fort

text: transforming

text: them

text: into

text: spectacular

text: artistic

text: southwestern

text: architectural

text: examples

text: Their

text: woodwork

text: plaster

text: treatment

text: and

text: sense

text: of

text: proportion

text: drew

text: on

text: their

text: Dutch

text: heritage

text: and

text: New

text: Mexican

text: experience

text: Other

text: artists

text: and

text: academics

text: throughout

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: including

text: Win

text: Ellis

text: Jack

text: Maul

text: Madame

text: Cheruy

text: Giorgio

text: Belloli

text: Charels

text: Bode

text: Veronica

text: Hughart

text: Edward

text: and

text: Rosamond

text: Spicer

text: Hazel

text: Larson

text: Archer

text: and

text: Ruth

text: Brown

text: renovated

text: adobes

text: built

text: homes

text: and

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: artist

text: colony

text: attracted

text: writers

text: and

text: poets

text: including

text: beat

text: generation

text: Alan

text: Harrington

text: and

text: Jack

text: Kerouac

text: whose

text: visit

text: is

text: documented

text: in

text: his

text: iconic

text: book

text: On

text: the

text: Road

text: This

text: rural

text: pocket

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: Each

text: year

text: in

text: February

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: celebrates

text: its

text: history

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: Landmark

text: it

text: owns

text: and

text: restored

text: the

text: San

text: Pedro

text: Chapel

question: Who bought The sanitarium in 1928?

answer: Harvey Adkins

text: Harvey Adkins

question: What year where three officer building bought and used for a sanitarium?

answer: 1900

question: Jack Kerouac authored what iconic book?

answer: On the Road

text: On the Road

question: Alan Harrington is considered part of what generation?

answer: beat generation

text: beat generation

question: Which month does the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark?

answer: February

text: February

question: When was Fort Lowell shut down?

answer: 1891

question: What were some buildings of Fort Lowell bought to be used for in 1900?

answer: a sanitarium

text: a sanitarium

question: Who bought the Fort Lowell sanitarium in 1928?

answer: Harvey Adkins

text: Harvey Adkins

question: Who renovated Fort Lowell's adobe buildings?

answer: The Bolsius family Pete, Nan and Charles Bolsius

text: The Bolsius family Pete, Nan and Charles Bolsius

question: In what book did Jack Kerouac write about visiting Tucson?

answer: On the Road

text: On the Road


text: The GDP of Thuringia is below the national average, in line with the other former East German Lands. Until 2004, Thuringia was one of the weakest regions within the European Union. The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth in Germany since 2005 has brought the Thuringian GDP close to the EU average since then. The high economic subsidies granted by the federal government and the EU after 1990 are being reduced gradually and will end around 2020.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: GDP

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: is

text: below

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: former

text: East

text: German

text: Lands

text: Until

text: Thuringia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: weakest

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: accession

text: of

text: several

text: new

text: countries

text: the

text: crisis

text: in

text: southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sustained

text: economic

text: growth

text: in

text: Germany

text: since

text: has

text: brought

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: GDP

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: EU

text: average

text: since

text: then

text: The

text: high

text: economic

text: subsidies

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: EU

text: after

text: are

text: being

text: reduced

text: gradually

text: and

text: will

text: end

text: around

question: Where is the GDP of Thuringia?

answer: below the national average

text: below the national average

question: For how long was Thuringia one of the weakest regions in the EU?

answer: Until 2004

text: Until 2004

question: What has helped to improve Thuringia?

answer: The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth

text: The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth

question: When will government subsidies to Thuringia end?

answer: around 2020

text: around 2020