text: In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation College of Advanced Technology. They became universities in the 1960s meaning they could award their own degrees. The designation "Institute of Technology" was occasionally used by polytechnics (Bolton), Central Institutions (Dundee, Robert Gordon's), and postgraduate universities, (Cranfield and Wessex), most of which later adopted the designation University, and there were two "Institutes of Science and Technology": UMIST and UWIST, part of the University of Wales. Loughborough University was called Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996, the only institution in the UK to have had such a designation.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: some

text: colleges

text: of

text: technology

text: received

text: the

text: designation

text: College

text: of

text: Advanced

text: Technology

text: They

text: became

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: meaning

text: they

text: could

text: award

text: their

text: own

text: degrees

text: The

text: designation

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: was

text: occasionally

text: used

text: by

text: polytechnics

text: Bolton

text: Central

text: Institutions

text: Dundee

text: Robert

text: Gordon

text: 's

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: universities

text: Cranfield

text: and

text: Wessex

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: later

text: adopted

text: the

text: designation

text: University

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: two

text: Institutes

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: UMIST

text: and

text: UWIST

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Wales

text: Loughborough

text: University

text: was

text: called

text: Loughborough

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: only

text: institution

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: such

text: a

text: designation

question: How many Institutes of Science and Technology were affiliated with the University of Wales?

answer: two

text: two

question: What was the name Loughborough University was known by from 1966 to 1996?

answer: Loughborough University of Technology

text: Loughborough University of Technology

question: In what decade did colleges of technology gain the University designation?

answer: 1960s


text: In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes. Aristotle notes that the Hellenes were related with Grai/Greeks (Meteorologica I.xiv) a native name of a Dorian tribe in Epirus which was used by the Illyrians. He also claims that the great deluge must have occurred in the region around Dodona, where the Selloi dwelt. However, according to the Greek tradition it is more possible that the homeland of the Greeks was originally in central Greece. A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia. Greek colonists from Graia helped to found Cumae (900 BC) in Italy, where they were called Graeces. When the Romans encountered them they used this name for the colonists and then for all Greeks (Graeci.) The word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root *ǵerh2-/*ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu; the same root later gave γέρας geras (/keras/), "gift of honour" in Mycenean Greek. The Germanic languages borrowed the word Greeks with an initial "k" sound which probably was their initial sound closest to the Latin "g" at the time (Goth. Kreks). The area out of ancient Attica including Boeotia was called Graïke and is connected with the older deluge of Ogyges, the mythological ruler of Boeotia. The region was originally occupied by the Minyans who were autochthonous or Proto-Greek speaking people. In ancient Greek the name Ogygios came to mean "from earliest days".

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: In

text: the

text: Hesiodic

text: Catalogue

text: of

text: Women

text: Graecus

text: is

text: presented

text: as

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Zeus

text: and

text: Pandora

text: II

text: sister

text: of

text: Hellen

text: the

text: patriarch

text: of

text: Hellenes

text: Hellen

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Deucalion

text: who

text: ruled

text: around

text: Phthia

text: in

text: central

text: Greece

text: The

text: Parian

text: Chronicle

text: mentions

text: that

text: when

text: Deucalion

text: became

text: king

text: of

text: Phthia

text: the

text: previously

text: called

text: Graikoi

text: were

text: named

text: Hellenes

text: Aristotle

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: Hellenes

text: were

text: related

text: with

text: Grai

text: Greeks

text: Meteorologica

text: I.xiv

text: a

text: native

text: name

text: of

text: a

text: Dorian

text: tribe

text: in

text: Epirus

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Illyrians

text: He

text: also

text: claims

text: that

text: the

text: great

text: deluge

text: must

text: have

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: around

text: Dodona

text: where

text: the

text: Selloi

text: dwelt

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Greek

text: tradition

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: was

text: originally

text: in

text: central

text: Greece

text: A

text: modern

text: theory

text: derives

text: the

text: name

text: Greek

text: Latin

text: Graeci

text: from

text: Graikos

text: inhabitant

text: of

text: Graia

text: Graea

text: a

text: town

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Boeotia

text: Greek

text: colonists

text: from

text: Graia

text: helped

text: to

text: found

text: Cumae

text: BC

text: in

text: Italy

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: called

text: Graeces

text: When

text: the

text: Romans

text: encountered

text: them

text: they

text: used

text: this

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: colonists

text: and

text: then

text: for

text: all

text: Greeks

text: Graeci

text: The

text: word

text: γραῖα

text: graia

text: old

text: woman

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: PIE

text: root

text: to

text: grow

text: old

text: via

text: Proto

text: Greek

text: gera-/grau

text: iu

text: the

text: same

text: root

text: later

text: gave

text: γέρας

text: geras

text: /keras/

text: gift

text: of

text: honour

text: in

text: Mycenean

text: Greek

text: The

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: borrowed

text: the

text: word

text: Greeks

text: with

text: an

text: initial

text: k

text: sound

text: which

text: probably

text: was

text: their

text: initial

text: sound

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: Latin

text: g

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Goth

text: Kreks

text: The

text: area

text: out

text: of

text: ancient

text: Attica

text: including

text: Boeotia

text: was

text: called

text: Graïke

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: older

text: deluge

text: of

text: Ogyges

text: the

text: mythological

text: ruler

text: of

text: Boeotia

text: The

text: region

text: was

text: originally

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Minyans

text: who

text: were

text: autochthonous

text: or

text: Proto

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: people

text: In

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: the

text: name

text: Ogygios

text: came

text: to

text: mean

text: from

text: earliest

text: days

question: what does the author of the mortal female focused early example hexameter poetry say of the Hellenic protector ?

answer: Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece.

text: Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece.

question: What caused a name change according to the Chronicles of Parian ?

answer: the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes.

text: the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes.

question: What  is the origins of the term "old woman " ?

answer: word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root *ǵerh2-/*ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu

text: word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root *ǵerh2-/*ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu

question: Where do modern theorist believe the name of Greek originated from ?

answer: A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia.

text: A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia.


text: The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz, who used to be a Special Agent with the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

text: The

text: FAA

text: has

text: been

text: cited

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: regulatory

text: capture

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: airline

text: industry

text: openly

text: dictates

text: to

text: its

text: regulators

text: its

text: governing

text: rules

text: arranging

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: beneficial

text: regulation

text: but

text: placing

text: key

text: people

text: to

text: head

text: these

text: regulators

text: Retired

text: NASA

text: Office

text: of

text: Inspector

text: General

text: Senior

text: Special

text: Agent

text: Joseph

text: Gutheinz

text: who

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Special

text: Agent

text: with

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Inspector

text: General

text: for

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Transportation

text: and

text: with

text: FAA

text: Security

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: outspoken

text: critics

text: of

text: FAA

text: Rather

text: than

text: commend

text: the

text: agency

text: for

text: proposing

text: a

text: million

text: fine

text: against

text: Southwest

text: Airlines

text: for

text: its

text: failure

text: to

text: conduct

text: mandatory

text: inspections

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: quoted

text: as

text: saying

text: the

text: following

text: in

text: an

text: Associated

text: Press

text: story

text: Penalties

text: against

text: airlines

text: that

text: violate

text: FAA

text: directives

text: should

text: be

text: stiffer

text: At

text: per

text: violation

text: Gutheinz

text: said

text: airlines

text: can

text: justify

text: rolling

text: the

text: dice

text: and

text: taking

text: the

text: chance

text: on

text: getting

text: caught

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: the

text: FAA

text: is

text: often

text: too

text: quick

text: to

text: bend

text: to

text: pressure

text: from

text: airlines

text: and

text: pilots

text: Other

text: experts

text: have

text: been

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: constraints

text: and

text: expectations

text: under

text: which

text: the

text: FAA

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: operate

text: The

text: dual

text: role

text: of

text: encouraging

text: aerospace

text: travel

text: and

text: regulating

text: aerospace

text: travel

text: are

text: contradictory

text: For

text: example

text: to

text: levy

text: a

text: heavy

text: penalty

text: upon

text: an

text: airline

text: for

text: violating

text: an

text: FAA

text: regulation

text: which

text: would

text: impact

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: continue

text: operating

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: considered

text: encouraging

text: aerospace

text: travel

question: What retired NASA Office of inspector general is outspoken about the FAA?

answer: Joseph Gutheinz

text: Joseph Gutheinz

question: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?

answer: $25,000

question: A heavy penalty for violating FAA reulations could said to be do what?

answer: impact their ability to continue operating

text: impact their ability to continue operating

question: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?

answer: $10.2 million

text: $10.2 million


text: The popular sports in Tuvalu include kilikiti, Ano, football, futsal, volleyball, handball, basketball and rugby union. Tuvalu has sports organisations for athletics, badminton, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, football, basketball, rugby union, weightlifting and powerlifting. At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch. (He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.) In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: popular

text: sports

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: include

text: kilikiti

text: Ano

text: football

text: futsal

text: volleyball

text: handball

text: basketball

text: and

text: rugby

text: union

text: Tuvalu

text: has

text: sports

text: organisations

text: for

text: athletics

text: badminton

text: tennis

text: table

text: tennis

text: volleyball

text: football

text: basketball

text: rugby

text: union

text: weightlifting

text: and

text: powerlifting

text: At

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Mini

text: Games

text: Tuau

text: Lapua

text: Lapua

text: won

text: Tuvalu

text: 's

text: first

text: gold

text: medal

text: in

text: an

text: international

text: competition

text: in

text: the

text: weightlifting

text: kilogram

text: male

text: snatch

text: He

text: also

text: won

text: bronze

text: in

text: the

text: clean

text: and

text: jerk

text: and

text: obtained

text: the

text: silver

text: medal

text: overall

text: for

text: the

text: combined

text: event

text: In

text: Telupe

text: Iosefa

text: received

text: the

text: first

text: gold

text: medal

text: won

text: by

text: Tuvalu

text: at

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Games

text: in

text: the

text: powerlifting

text: kg

text: male

text: division

question: What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition?

answer: Tuau Lapua Lapua

text: Tuau Lapua Lapua

question: In which competition did Lapua win a metal for Tuvalu?

answer: Pacific Mini Games

text: Pacific Mini Games

question: In what contests did Lapua win  metals for Tuvalu?

answer: weightlifting

text: weightlifting

question: Who won a gold metal at the Pacific Games?

answer: Telupe Iosefa

text: Telupe Iosefa

question: In what type of competition did Telupe losefa win in 2015?

answer: powerlifting

text: powerlifting


text: Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its international counterpart and dropped the hardwired controllers in favor of detachable controller ports. However, the controllers included with the Famicom AV had cables which were 90 cm (3 feet) long, as opposed to the standard 180 cm(6 feet) of NES controllers.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: 's

text: lifespan

text: upon

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: AV

text: Famicom

text: and

text: the

text: top

text: loading

text: NES

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: controllers

text: was

text: modified

text: slightly

text: Though

text: the

text: original

text: button

text: layout

text: was

text: retained

text: the

text: redesigned

text: device

text: abandoned

text: the

text: brick

text: shell

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: dog

text: bone

text: shape

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: AV

text: Famicom

text: joined

text: its

text: international

text: counterpart

text: and

text: dropped

text: the

text: hardwired

text: controllers

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: detachable

text: controller

text: ports

text: However

text: the

text: controllers

text: included

text: with

text: the

text: Famicom

text: AV

text: had

text: cables

text: which

text: were

text: cm

text: feet

text: long

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: standard

text: feet

text: of

text: NES

text: controllers

question: Which console featured a top-loading design?

answer: NES 2

text: NES 2

question: The design of what was modified slightly?

answer: game controllers

text: game controllers

question: the original design of the controller was what shape?

answer: brick

text: brick

question: What was the new design shape of the controller?

answer: dog bone

text: dog bone

question: How long were standard NES controller cables?

answer: 6 feet

text: 6 feet


text: The University of the Republic is the country's largest and most important university, with a student body of 81,774, according to the census of 2007. It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo, where most of its buildings and facilities are still located. Its current Rector is Dr. Rodrigo Arocena. The university houses 14 faculties (departments) and various institutes and schools. Many eminent Uruguayans have graduated from this university, including Carlos Vaz Ferreira, José Luis Massera, Gabriel Paternain, Mario Wschebor, Roman Fresnedo Siri, Carlos Ott and Eladio Dieste

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: important

text: university

text: with

text: a

text: student

text: body

text: of

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: of

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: July

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: where

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: buildings

text: and

text: facilities

text: are

text: still

text: located

text: Its

text: current

text: Rector

text: is

text: Dr.

text: Rodrigo

text: Arocena

text: The

text: university

text: houses

text: faculties

text: departments

text: and

text: various

text: institutes

text: and

text: schools

text: Many

text: eminent

text: Uruguayans

text: have

text: graduated

text: from

text: this

text: university

text: including

text: Carlos

text: Vaz

text: Ferreira

text: José

text: Luis

text: Massera

text: Gabriel

text: Paternain

text: Mario

text: Wschebor

text: Roman

text: Fresnedo

text: Siri

text: Carlos

text: Ott

text: and

text: Eladio

text: Dieste

question: What is the country's largest university?

answer: The University of the Republic

text: The University of the Republic

question: In 2007 the University of the Republic had a student body of how many people?

answer: 81,774

question: When was the University of the Republic founded?

answer: 18 July 1849

text: 18 July 1849

question: Who is the current rector of The University of the Republic?

answer: Dr. Rodrigo Arocena

text: Dr. Rodrigo Arocena


text: The show had been criticized in earlier seasons over the onerous contract contestants had to sign that gave excessive control to 19 Entertainment over their future career, and handed a large part of their future earnings to the management.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: show

text: had

text: been

text: criticized

text: in

text: earlier

text: seasons

text: over

text: the

text: onerous

text: contract

text: contestants

text: had

text: to

text: sign

text: that

text: gave

text: excessive

text: control

text: to

text: Entertainment

text: over

text: their

text: future

text: career

text: and

text: handed

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: future

text: earnings

text: to

text: the

text: management

question: What company are contestants required to sign a contract with on American Idol?

answer: 19 Entertainment

text: 19 Entertainment


text: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Russian

text: Revolution

text: is

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: revolutions

text: in

text: Russia

text: in

text: which

text: destroyed

text: the

text: Tsarist

text: autocracy

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Following

text: the

text: abdication

text: of

text: Nicholas

text: II

text: of

text: Russia

text: the

text: Russian

text: Provisional

text: Government

text: was

text: established

text: In

text: October

text: a

text: red

text: faction

text: revolution

text: occurred

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Red

text: Guard

text: armed

text: groups

text: of

text: workers

text: and

text: deserting

text: soldiers

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Bolshevik

text: Party

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Petrograd

text: and

text: began

text: an

text: immediate

text: armed

text: takeover

text: of

text: cities

text: and

text: villages

text: throughout

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

question: What event happened in October of 1917?

answer: a red faction revolution

text: a red faction revolution

question: What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?

answer: the Russian Provisional Government was established.

text: the Russian Provisional Government was established.

question: What happened during the red faction revolution?

answer: armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg

text: armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg

question: What is the Russian Revolution?

answer: the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

text: the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.


text: Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution. Article 95 states, "The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity of Namibia, and utilisation of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of all Namibians, both present and future."

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Namibia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: few

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: specifically

text: address

text: conservation

text: and

text: protection

text: of

text: natural

text: resources

text: in

text: its

text: constitution

text: Article

text: states

text: The

text: State

text: shall

text: actively

text: promote

text: and

text: maintain

text: the

text: welfare

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: by

text: adopting

text: international

text: policies

text: aimed

text: at

text: the

text: following

text: maintenance

text: of

text: ecosystems

text: essential

text: ecological

text: processes

text: and

text: biological

text: diversity

text: of

text: Namibia

text: and

text: utilisation

text: of

text: living

text: natural

text: resources

text: on

text: a

text: sustainable

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: all

text: Namibians

text: both

text: present

text: and

text: future

question: What does Namibia protect in it's constitution?

answer: natural resources

text: natural resources

question: What article in the Namibia constitution supports natural conservation?

answer: Article 95

text: Article 95

question: What do Namibians believe sustains them?

answer: utilisation of living natural resources

text: utilisation of living natural resources


text: Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Within

text: a

text: species

text: not

text: all

text: populations

text: may

text: be

text: migratory

text: this

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: partial

text: migration

text: Partial

text: migration

text: is

text: very

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: continents

text: in

text: Australia

text: of

text: non

text: passerine

text: birds

text: and

text: of

text: passerine

text: species

text: are

text: partially

text: migratory

text: In

text: some

text: species

text: the

text: population

text: at

text: higher

text: latitudes

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: migratory

text: and

text: will

text: often

text: winter

text: at

text: lower

text: latitude

text: The

text: migrating

text: birds

text: bypass

text: the

text: latitudes

text: where

text: other

text: populations

text: may

text: be

text: sedentary

text: where

text: suitable

text: wintering

text: habitats

text: may

text: already

text: be

text: occupied

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: leap

text: frog

text: migration

text: Many

text: fully

text: migratory

text: species

text: show

text: leap

text: frog

text: migration

text: birds

text: that

text: nest

text: at

text: higher

text: latitudes

text: spend

text: the

text: winter

text: at

text: lower

text: latitudes

text: and

text: many

text: show

text: the

text: alternative

text: chain

text: migration

text: where

text: populations

text: slide

text: more

text: evenly

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: without

text: reversing

text: order

question: What is partial migration?

answer: not all populations may be migratory

text: not all populations may be migratory

question: Where is partial migration most common?

answer: the southern continents

text: the southern continents

question: In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory?

answer: 44%

question: In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory?

answer: 32%

question: What is leap frog migration?

answer: birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes

text: birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes


text: Despite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as "an exceedingly elusive notion". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or "thin" definition, and a substantive or "thick" definition; one occasionally encounters a third "functional" conception. Formalist definitions of the rule of law do not make a judgment about the "justness" of law itself, but define specific procedural attributes that a legal framework must have in order to be in compliance with the rule of law. Substantive conceptions of the rule of law go beyond this and include certain substantive rights that are said to be based on, or derived from, the rule of law.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: Despite

text: wide

text: use

text: by

text: politicians

text: judges

text: and

text: academics

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: an

text: exceedingly

text: elusive

text: notion

text: Among

text: modern

text: legal

text: theorists

text: one

text: finds

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: principal

text: conceptions

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: can

text: be

text: identified

text: a

text: formalist

text: or

text: thin

text: definition

text: and

text: a

text: substantive

text: or

text: thick

text: definition

text: one

text: occasionally

text: encounters

text: a

text: third

text: functional

text: conception

text: Formalist

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: do

text: not

text: make

text: a

text: judgment

text: about

text: the

text: justness

text: of

text: law

text: itself

text: but

text: define

text: specific

text: procedural

text: attributes

text: that

text: a

text: legal

text: framework

text: must

text: have

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: compliance

text: with

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: Substantive

text: conceptions

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: go

text: beyond

text: this

text: and

text: include

text: certain

text: substantive

text: rights

text: that

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: or

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

question: What is another word for a thin definition?

answer: formalist

text: formalist

question: What is another word for a thick definition?

answer: substantive

text: substantive

question: Who commonly, or at least attempt to, abide by the rule of law?

answer: politicians, judges and academics

text: politicians, judges and academics

question: On what do aspects of the rule of law do formalist definitions focus?

answer: specific procedural attributes

text: specific procedural attributes

question: What is the third and lesser referred to approach on defining the rule of law?

answer: functional

text: functional


text: Xinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays, to a greater extent than Western media, but not those who, like Marie-José Pérec, expressed understanding and support for the protestors. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mentioned the "smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets", of cheering and supportive Londoners. Xinhua said that protesters were "radicals" who "trampled human rights" and whose activities were condemned by "the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit".

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Xinhua

text: and

text: CCTV

text: quoted

text: relay

text: spectators

text: who

text: condemned

text: the

text: protests

text: to

text: a

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: most

text: Western

text: media

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: quote

text: any

text: alternate

text: viewpoints

text: providing

text: no

text: coverage

text: of

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: protests

text: by

text: some

text: ordinary

text: citizens

text: in

text: Western

text: countries

text: It

text: quoted

text: athletes

text: who

text: expressed

text: pride

text: at

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: relays

text: to

text: a

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: Western

text: media

text: but

text: not

text: those

text: who

text: like

text: Marie

text: José

text: Pérec

text: expressed

text: understanding

text: and

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: protestors

text: The

text: Beijing

text: Organising

text: Committee

text: for

text: the

text: Games

text: mentioned

text: the

text: smiling

text: faces

text: of

text: the

text: elderly

text: children

text: and

text: the

text: artists

text: on

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: cheering

text: and

text: supportive

text: Londoners

text: Xinhua

text: said

text: that

text: protesters

text: were

text: radicals

text: who

text: trampled

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: whose

text: activities

text: were

text: condemned

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: who

text: cordially

text: love

text: the

text: Olympic

text: spirit

question: Xinhua and CCTV focused on people who what?

answer: condemned the protests

text: condemned the protests

question: Which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters?

answer: Marie-José Pérec

text: Marie-José Pérec

question: What did Xinhua call protesters?

answer: radicals

text: radicals

question: Which athlete showed support for the people protesting?

answer: Marie-José Pérec

text: Marie-José Pérec

question: Which publication said that protesters were trampling human rights?

answer: Xinhua

text: Xinhua


text: Railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit (subways) and trams. Speed was controlled by connecting the traction motors in various series-parallel combinations, by varying the traction motors' fields, and by inserting and removing starting resistances to limit motor current.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Railways

text: must

text: operate

text: at

text: variable

text: speeds

text: Until

text: the

text: mid

text: this

text: was

text: only

text: practical

text: with

text: the

text: brush

text: type

text: DC

text: motor

text: although

text: such

text: DC

text: can

text: be

text: supplied

text: from

text: an

text: AC

text: catenary

text: via

text: on

text: board

text: electric

text: power

text: conversion

text: Since

text: such

text: conversion

text: was

text: not

text: well

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: most

text: early

text: electrified

text: railways

text: used

text: DC

text: and

text: many

text: still

text: do

text: particularly

text: rapid

text: transit

text: subways

text: and

text: trams

text: Speed

text: was

text: controlled

text: by

text: connecting

text: the

text: traction

text: motors

text: in

text: various

text: series

text: parallel

text: combinations

text: by

text: varying

text: the

text: traction

text: motors

text: fields

text: and

text: by

text: inserting

text: and

text: removing

text: starting

text: resistances

text: to

text: limit

text: motor

text: current

question: What is speed limit for railways?

answer: variable speeds

text: variable speeds

question: Why is DC motor being used more than AC type?

answer: conversion was not well developed

text: conversion was not well developed

question: What are two types of railway transportation still use DC motor?

answer: rapid transit (subways) and trams

text: rapid transit (subways) and trams


text: The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day. The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to numerous international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably it is not part of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area. However the country does participate in the Schengen Area and the EU's single market through a number of bilateral treaties.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: traditionally

text: dated

text: to

text: August

text: which

text: is

text: celebrated

text: annually

text: as

text: the

text: Swiss

text: National

text: Day

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: armed

text: neutrality

text: it

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: war

text: internationally

text: since

text: did

text: not

text: join

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: until

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: pursues

text: an

text: active

text: foreign

text: policy

text: and

text: is

text: frequently

text: involved

text: in

text: peace

text: building

text: processes

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: being

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Cross

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: international

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: UN

text: office

text: On

text: the

text: European

text: level

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Association

text: but

text: notably

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: nor

text: the

text: European

text: Economic

text: Area

text: However

text: the

text: country

text: does

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: and

text: the

text: EU

text: 's

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: bilateral

text: treaties

question: What is the traditional date of the establishment of the Swiss Confederation?

answer: 1 August 1291

text: 1 August 1291

question: What year did Switzerland join the United Nations?

answer: 2002

question: What country is the birthplace of the Red Cross?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

question: In what year was Switzerland last involved in a war internationally?

answer: 1815

question: What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year?

answer: Swiss National Day

text: Swiss National Day


text: The city's largest private school by number of students is Temple University, followed by Drexel University. Along with the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University make up the city's major research universities. The city is also home to five schools of medicine: Drexel University College of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, and the Thomas Jefferson University. Hospitals, universities, and higher education research institutions in Philadelphia's four congressional districts received more than $252 million in National Institutes of Health grants in 2015.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: largest

text: private

text: school

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: students

text: is

text: Temple

text: University

text: followed

text: by

text: Drexel

text: University

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Temple

text: University

text: and

text: Drexel

text: University

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: major

text: research

text: universities

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: five

text: schools

text: of

text: medicine

text: Drexel

text: University

text: College

text: of

text: Medicine

text: Perelman

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Philadelphia

text: College

text: of

text: Osteopathic

text: Medicine

text: Temple

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: and

text: the

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: University

text: Hospitals

text: universities

text: and

text: higher

text: education

text: research

text: institutions

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: four

text: congressional

text: districts

text: received

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: in

text: National

text: Institutes

text: of

text: Health

text: grants

text: in

question: What is the largest private institution in the city?

answer: Temple University

text: Temple University

question: What are the 3 research universities in the city?

answer: University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University

text: University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University

question: How many med schools are there?

answer: five

text: five


text: Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Patience

text: Latting

text: was

text: elected

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: first

text: female

text: mayor

text: Latting

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: mayor

text: of

text: a

text: U.S.

text: city

text: with

text: over

text: residents

question: Who was the Oklahoma Cities  first female mayor?

answer: Patience Latting

text: Patience Latting

question: When was Patience Latting elected?

answer: 1971


text: 6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xenophanes refused to recognise the gods of his time and reserved the divine for the principle of unity in the universe. These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm. Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of rational inquiry from Ionia to Athens. Pericles, the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras. Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum "man is the measure of all things" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms. Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers, principally Plato and Aristotle. The historian Thucydides, noted for his scientific and rational approach to history, is also much admired by later humanists. In the 3rd century BCE, Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil, lack of belief in the afterlife, and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia. He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: century

text: BCE

text: pre

text: Socratic

text: Greek

text: philosophers

text: Thales

text: of

text: Miletus

text: and

text: Xenophanes

text: of

text: Colophon

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: human

text: reason

text: rather

text: than

text: myth

text: and

text: tradition

text: thus

text: can

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: humanists

text: Thales

text: questioned

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: anthropomorphic

text: gods

text: and

text: Xenophanes

text: refused

text: to

text: recognise

text: the

text: gods

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: and

text: reserved

text: the

text: divine

text: for

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: unity

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: These

text: Ionian

text: Greeks

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: thinkers

text: to

text: assert

text: that

text: nature

text: is

text: available

text: to

text: be

text: studied

text: separately

text: from

text: the

text: supernatural

text: realm

text: Anaxagoras

text: brought

text: philosophy

text: and

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: rational

text: inquiry

text: from

text: Ionia

text: to

text: Athens

text: Pericles

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: Athens

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: its

text: greatest

text: glory

text: was

text: an

text: admirer

text: of

text: Anaxagoras

text: Other

text: influential

text: pre

text: Socratics

text: or

text: rational

text: philosophers

text: include

text: Protagoras

text: like

text: Anaxagoras

text: a

text: friend

text: of

text: Pericles

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: famous

text: dictum

text: man

text: is

text: the

text: measure

text: of

text: all

text: things

text: and

text: Democritus

text: who

text: proposed

text: that

text: matter

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: atoms

text: Little

text: of

text: the

text: written

text: work

text: of

text: these

text: early

text: philosophers

text: survives

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: mainly

text: from

text: fragments

text: and

text: quotations

text: in

text: other

text: writers

text: principally

text: Plato

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: The

text: historian

text: Thucydides

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: scientific

text: and

text: rational

text: approach

text: to

text: history

text: is

text: also

text: much

text: admired

text: by

text: later

text: humanists

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Epicurus

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: concise

text: phrasing

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: evil

text: lack

text: of

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: afterlife

text: and

text: human

text: centred

text: approaches

text: to

text: achieving

text: eudaimonia

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: philosopher

text: to

text: admit

text: women

text: to

text: his

text: school

text: as

text: a

text: rule

question: Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?

answer: Thales of Miletus

text: Thales of Miletus

question: Where did this type of thinking next travel to?

answer: Athens

text: Athens

question: Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?

answer: Democritus

text: Democritus

question: Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?

answer: Epicurus

text: Epicurus


text: The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: The

text: RIBA

text: Guide

text: to

text: its

text: Archive

text: and

text: History

text: has

text: a

text: section

text: on

text: the

text: Statutory

text: registration

text: of

text: architects

text: with

text: a

text: bibliography

text: extending

text: from

text: a

text: draft

text: bill

text: of

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: The

text: Guide

text: 's

text: section

text: on

text: Education

text: records

text: the

text: setting

text: up

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: RIBA

text: Board

text: of

text: Architectural

text: Education

text: and

text: the

text: system

text: by

text: which

text: any

text: school

text: which

text: applied

text: for

text: recognition

text: whose

text: syllabus

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: Board

text: and

text: whose

text: examinations

text: were

text: conducted

text: by

text: an

text: approved

text: external

text: examiner

text: and

text: whose

text: standard

text: of

text: attainment

text: was

text: guaranteed

text: by

text: periodical

text: inspections

text: by

text: a

text: Visiting

text: Board

text: from

text: the

text: BAE

text: could

text: be

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: recognized

text: schools

text: and

text: its

text: successful

text: students

text: could

text: qualify

text: for

text: exemption

text: from

text: RIBA

text: examinations

question: When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the first RIBA Board was established?

answer: 1904

question: What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?

answer: syllabus

text: syllabus

question: What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?

answer: an approved external examiner

text: an approved external examiner

question: What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?

answer: Visiting Board

text: Visiting Board


text: In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to prove their point, and threatened to dump customer data unless the website was taken down permanently. With this initial data release, the group stated “Avid Life Media has been instructed to take Ashley Madison and Established Men offline permanently in all forms, or we will release all customer records, including profiles with all the customers' secret sexual fantasies and matching credit card transactions, real names and addresses, and employee documents and emails. The other websites may stay online.”  When Avid Life Media, the parent company that created the Ashley Madison website, did not take the site offline, The Impact Group released two more compressed files, one 9.7GB and the second 20GB. After the second data dump, Avid Life Media CEO Noel Biderman resigned, but the website remained functional.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: In

text: July

text: of

text: a

text: hacker

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Impact

text: Team

text: successfully

text: breached

text: the

text: extramarital

text: relationship

text: website

text: Ashley

text: Madison

text: The

text: group

text: claimed

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: taken

text: not

text: only

text: company

text: data

text: but

text: user

text: data

text: as

text: well

text: After

text: the

text: breach

text: The

text: Impact

text: Team

text: dumped

text: emails

text: from

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: CEO

text: to

text: prove

text: their

text: point

text: and

text: threatened

text: to

text: dump

text: customer

text: data

text: unless

text: the

text: website

text: was

text: taken

text: down

text: permanently

text: With

text: this

text: initial

text: data

text: release

text: the

text: group

text: stated

text: Avid

text: Life

text: Media

text: has

text: been

text: instructed

text: to

text: take

text: Ashley

text: Madison

text: and

text: Established

text: Men

text: offline

text: permanently

text: in

text: all

text: forms

text: or

text: we

text: will

text: release

text: all

text: customer

text: records

text: including

text: profiles

text: with

text: all

text: the

text: customers

text: secret

text: sexual

text: fantasies

text: and

text: matching

text: credit

text: card

text: transactions

text: real

text: names

text: and

text: addresses

text: and

text: employee

text: documents

text: and

text: emails

text: The

text: other

text: websites

text: may

text: stay

text: online

text: When

text: Avid

text: Life

text: Media

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: that

text: created

text: the

text: Ashley

text: Madison

text: website

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: the

text: site

text: offline

text: The

text: Impact

text: Group

text: released

text: two

text: more

text: compressed

text: files

text: one

text: GB

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: GB

text: After

text: the

text: second

text: data

text: dump

text: Avid

text: Life

text: Media

text: CEO

text: Noel

text: Biderman

text: resigned

text: but

text: the

text: website

text: remained

text: functional

question: When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison?

answer: July of 2015

text: July of 2015

question: What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison?

answer: Avid Life Media

text: Avid Life Media

question: When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign?

answer: After the second data dump

text: After the second data dump

question: What was in the first data dump?

answer: emails from the company's CEO

text: emails from the company's CEO

question: What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline?

answer: Established Men

text: Established Men


text: A further line in the directive stressed the need to inflict the heaviest losses possible, but also to intensify the air war in order to create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941. However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations. Airfields became water-logged and the 18 Kampfgruppen (bomber groups) of the Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwadern (bomber wings) were relocated to Germany for rest and re-equipment.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: A

text: further

text: line

text: in

text: the

text: directive

text: stressed

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: inflict

text: the

text: heaviest

text: losses

text: possible

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: intensify

text: the

text: air

text: war

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: impression

text: an

text: amphibious

text: assault

text: on

text: Britain

text: was

text: planned

text: for

text: However

text: meteorological

text: conditions

text: over

text: Britain

text: were

text: not

text: favourable

text: for

text: flying

text: and

text: prevented

text: an

text: escalation

text: in

text: air

text: operations

text: Airfields

text: became

text: water

text: logged

text: and

text: the

text: Kampfgruppen

text: bomber

text: groups

text: of

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: 's

text: Kampfgeschwadern

text: bomber

text: wings

text: were

text: relocated

text: to

text: Germany

text: for

text: rest

text: and

text: re

text: equipment

question: What was inflicting heavy losses and increasing the air war designed to do?

answer: create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941

text: create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941

question: What was preventing escalation of air operations?

answer: meteorological conditions over Britain

text: meteorological conditions over Britain

question: What happened to airfields?

answer: Airfields became water-logged

text: Airfields became water-logged

question: How many bomber groups were relocated to Germany?

answer: 18


text: The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its time will be set to the current local time. If the time adjustment is changed, the timestamps of the original file and the copy will be different. The same effect can be observed when compressing and uncompressing files with some file archivers. It is the NTFS file that changes seen time. This effect should be kept in mind when trying to determine if a file is a duplicate of another, although there are other methods of comparing files for equality (such as using a checksum algorithm).

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: NTFS

text: file

text: system

text: used

text: by

text: recent

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: stores

text: the

text: file

text: with

text: a

text: UTC

text: time

text: stamp

text: but

text: displays

text: it

text: corrected

text: to

text: local

text: or

text: seasonal

text: time

text: However

text: the

text: FAT

text: filesystem

text: commonly

text: used

text: on

text: removable

text: devices

text: stores

text: only

text: the

text: local

text: time

text: Consequently

text: when

text: a

text: file

text: is

text: copied

text: from

text: the

text: hard

text: disk

text: onto

text: separate

text: media

text: its

text: time

text: will

text: be

text: set

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: local

text: time

text: If

text: the

text: time

text: adjustment

text: is

text: changed

text: the

text: timestamps

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: file

text: and

text: the

text: copy

text: will

text: be

text: different

text: The

text: same

text: effect

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: when

text: compressing

text: and

text: uncompressing

text: files

text: with

text: some

text: file

text: archivers

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: NTFS

text: file

text: that

text: changes

text: seen

text: time

text: This

text: effect

text: should

text: be

text: kept

text: in

text: mind

text: when

text: trying

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: a

text: file

text: is

text: a

text: duplicate

text: of

text: another

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: other

text: methods

text: of

text: comparing

text: files

text: for

text: equality

text: such

text: as

text: using

text: a

text: checksum

text: algorithm

question: What file system do recent Windows versions use?

answer: NTFS

text: NTFS

question: Under NTFS, what does Windows use for file time stamps in storage?

answer: UTC

text: UTC

question: What file system do most removable devices use?

answer: FAT

text: FAT

question: What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?

answer: current local time

text: current local time


text: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty, and HIV/AIDS. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater. Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70% to 80% of those infected. Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009. Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate. Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: In

text: the

text: Swaziland

text: government

text: acknowledged

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: it

text: suffered

text: an

text: AIDS

text: crisis

text: with

text: of

text: tested

text: pregnant

text: women

text: infected

text: with

text: HIV

text: see

text: AIDS

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: then

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Themba

text: Dlamini

text: declared

text: a

text: humanitarian

text: crisis

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: combined

text: effect

text: of

text: drought

text: land

text: degradation

text: increased

text: poverty

text: and

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: UNAIDS

text: Report

text: Swaziland

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: achieving

text: universal

text: access

text: to

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: treatment

text: defined

text: as

text: coverage

text: or

text: greater

text: Estimates

text: of

text: treatment

text: coverage

text: range

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: those

text: infected

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: had

text: fallen

text: from

text: years

text: in

text: to

text: years

text: in

text: Tuberculosis

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: significant

text: problem

text: with

text: an

text: mortality

text: rate

text: Many

text: patients

text: have

text: a

text: multi

text: drug

text: resistant

text: strain

text: and

text: are

text: co

text: infected

text: with

text: HIV

question: Of pregnant women, how many are believed to be infected with HIV?

answer: 38.8%

question: What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment?

answer: 80% coverage or greater

text: 80% coverage or greater

question: Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004?

answer: Themba Dlamini

text: Themba Dlamini

question: What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated?

answer: 70% to 80%

text: 70% to 80%

question: What is the rate of mortality for those with tuberculosis in Swaziland?

answer: 18%


text: About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić and Drago Nikolić, have been found guilty of aiding and abetting genocide. Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgić lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights. A further eight men, former members of the Bosnian Serb security forces were found guilty of genocide by the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (See List of Bosnian genocide prosecutions).

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: About

text: people

text: have

text: been

text: indicted

text: for

text: participating

text: in

text: genocide

text: or

text: complicity

text: in

text: genocide

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: To

text: date

text: after

text: several

text: plea

text: bargains

text: and

text: some

text: convictions

text: that

text: were

text: successfully

text: challenged

text: on

text: appeal

text: two

text: men

text: Vujadin

text: Popović

text: and

text: Ljubiša

text: Beara

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: committing

text: genocide

text: Zdravko

text: Tolimir

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: committing

text: genocide

text: and

text: conspiracy

text: to

text: commit

text: genocide

text: and

text: two

text: others

text: Radislav

text: Krstić

text: and

text: Drago

text: Nikolić

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: aiding

text: and

text: abetting

text: genocide

text: Three

text: others

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: participating

text: in

text: genocides

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: by

text: German

text: courts

text: one

text: of

text: whom

text: Nikola

text: Jorgić

text: lost

text: an

text: appeal

text: against

text: his

text: conviction

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Court

text: of

text: Human

text: Rights

text: A

text: further

text: eight

text: men

text: former

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Bosnian

text: Serb

text: security

text: forces

text: were

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: genocide

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: Court

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: See

text: List

text: of

text: Bosnian

text: genocide

text: prosecutions

question: In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide?

answer: About 30

text: About 30

question: Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action?

answer: several plea bargains

text: several plea bargains

question: Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge?

answer: conspiracy to commit genocide

text: conspiracy to commit genocide

question: Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what?

answer: aiding and abetting genocide

text: aiding and abetting genocide

question: Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts?

answer: German courts

text: German courts


text: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: Henry

text: VIII

text: assumed

text: direct

text: royal

text: control

text: in

text: and

text: granted

text: the

text: abbey

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: a

text: cathedral

text: by

text: charter

text: in

text: simultaneously

text: issuing

text: letters

text: patent

text: establishing

text: the

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Westminster

text: By

text: granting

text: the

text: abbey

text: cathedral

text: status

text: Henry

text: VIII

text: gained

text: an

text: excuse

text: to

text: spare

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: destruction

text: or

text: dissolution

text: which

text: he

text: inflicted

text: on

text: most

text: English

text: abbeys

text: during

text: this

text: period

question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?

answer: 1539

question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?

answer: Henry VIII

text: Henry VIII

question: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?

answer: destruction

text: destruction

question: What did changing the status of the abbey create?

answer: the Diocese of Westminster

text: the Diocese of Westminster


text: During the summer of 1969, a Chicago studio group produced a single record called "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" whose title and lyrics incorporated the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers for the Cubs, Jack Brickhouse and Vince Lloyd. Several members of the Cubs recorded an album called Cub Power which contained a cover of the song. The song received a good deal of local airplay that summer, associating it very strongly with that bittersweet season. It was played much less frequently thereafter, although it remained an unofficial Cubs theme song for some years after.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: During

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: a

text: Chicago

text: studio

text: group

text: produced

text: a

text: single

text: record

text: called

text: Hey

text: Hey

text: Holy

text: Mackerel

text: The

text: Cubs

text: Song

text: whose

text: title

text: and

text: lyrics

text: incorporated

text: the

text: catch

text: phrases

text: of

text: the

text: respective

text: TV

text: and

text: radio

text: announcers

text: for

text: the

text: Cubs

text: Jack

text: Brickhouse

text: and

text: Vince

text: Lloyd

text: Several

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Cubs

text: recorded

text: an

text: album

text: called

text: Cub

text: Power

text: which

text: contained

text: a

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: The

text: song

text: received

text: a

text: good

text: deal

text: of

text: local

text: airplay

text: that

text: summer

text: associating

text: it

text: very

text: strongly

text: with

text: that

text: bittersweet

text: season

text: It

text: was

text: played

text: much

text: less

text: frequently

text: thereafter

text: although

text: it

text: remained

text: an

text: unofficial

text: Cubs

text: theme

text: song

text: for

text: some

text: years

text: after

question: What year was the single "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" produced?

answer: 1969

question: What was the name of the album several members of the cubs recorded?

answer: Cub Power

text: Cub Power

question: What did The Cubs Song incorporate?

answer: the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers

text: the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers


text: Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight Han Banners (zh), and around the time of the Qing takeover of Beijing, their numbers rapidly swelled. Han Bannermen held high status and power in the early Qing period, especially immediately after the conquest during Shunzhi and Kangxi's reign where they dominated Governor-Generalships and Governorships across China at the expense of both Manchu Bannermen and Han civilians. Han also numerically dominated the Banners up until the mid 18th century. European visitors in Beijing called them "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese". It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or striking their names off. This led to a change from Han majority to a Manchu majority within the Banner system, and previous Han Bannermen garrisons in southern China such as at Fuzhou, Zhenjiang, Guangzhou, were replaced by Manchu Bannermen in the purge, which started in 1754. The turnover by Qianlong most heavily impacted Han banner garrisons stationed in the provinces while it less impacted Han Bannermen in Beijing, leaving a larger proportion of remaining Han Bannermen in Beijing than the provinces. Han Bannermen's status was decreased from that point on with Manchu Banners gaining higher status. Han Bannermen numbered 75% in 1648 Shunzhi's reign, 72% in 1723 Yongzheng's reign, but decreased to 43% in 1796 during the first year of Jiaqing's reign, which was after Qianlong's purge. The mass discharge was known as the Disbandment of the Han Banners (zh). Qianlong directed most of his ire at those Han Bannermen descended from defectors who joined the Qing after the Qing passed through the Great Wall at Shanhai Pass in 1644, deeming their ancestors as traitors to the Ming and therefore untrustworthy, while retaining Han Bannermen who were descended from defectors who joined the Qing before 1644 in Liaodong and marched through Shanhai pass, also known as those who "followed the Dragon through the pass" (從龍入關; cong long ru guan).

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Banner

text: Armies

text: were

text: organized

text: along

text: ethnic

text: lines

text: namely

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: but

text: included

text: non

text: Manchu

text: bondservants

text: registered

text: under

text: the

text: household

text: of

text: their

text: Manchu

text: masters

text: The

text: years

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: conquest

text: increased

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: under

text: Manchu

text: rule

text: leading

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: Eight

text: Han

text: Banners

text: zh

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: takeover

text: of

text: Beijing

text: their

text: numbers

text: rapidly

text: swelled

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: held

text: high

text: status

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Qing

text: period

text: especially

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: conquest

text: during

text: Shunzhi

text: and

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: reign

text: where

text: they

text: dominated

text: Governor

text: Generalships

text: and

text: Governorships

text: across

text: China

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: both

text: Manchu

text: Bannermen

text: and

text: Han

text: civilians

text: Han

text: also

text: numerically

text: dominated

text: the

text: Banners

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: European

text: visitors

text: in

text: Beijing

text: called

text: them

text: Tartarized

text: Chinese

text: or

text: Tartarified

text: Chinese

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: Qianlong

text: 's

text: reign

text: that

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: concerned

text: about

text: maintaining

text: Manchu

text: identity

text: re

text: emphasized

text: Manchu

text: ethnicity

text: ancestry

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: and

text: started

text: a

text: mass

text: discharge

text: of

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: from

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: either

text: asking

text: them

text: to

text: voluntarily

text: resign

text: from

text: the

text: Banner

text: rolls

text: or

text: striking

text: their

text: names

text: off

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: change

text: from

text: Han

text: majority

text: to

text: a

text: Manchu

text: majority

text: within

text: the

text: Banner

text: system

text: and

text: previous

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: garrisons

text: in

text: southern

text: China

text: such

text: as

text: at

text: Fuzhou

text: Zhenjiang

text: Guangzhou

text: were

text: replaced

text: by

text: Manchu

text: Bannermen

text: in

text: the

text: purge

text: which

text: started

text: in

text: The

text: turnover

text: by

text: Qianlong

text: most

text: heavily

text: impacted

text: Han

text: banner

text: garrisons

text: stationed

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: while

text: it

text: less

text: impacted

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: in

text: Beijing

text: leaving

text: a

text: larger

text: proportion

text: of

text: remaining

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: in

text: Beijing

text: than

text: the

text: provinces

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: 's

text: status

text: was

text: decreased

text: from

text: that

text: point

text: on

text: with

text: Manchu

text: Banners

text: gaining

text: higher

text: status

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: numbered

text: in

text: Shunzhi

text: 's

text: reign

text: in

text: Yongzheng

text: 's

text: reign

text: but

text: decreased

text: to

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: Jiaqing

text: 's

text: reign

text: which

text: was

text: after

text: Qianlong

text: 's

text: purge

text: The

text: mass

text: discharge

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Disbandment

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: Banners

text: zh

text: Qianlong

text: directed

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: ire

text: at

text: those

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: descended

text: from

text: defectors

text: who

text: joined

text: the

text: Qing

text: after

text: the

text: Qing

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

text: at

text: Shanhai

text: Pass

text: in

text: deeming

text: their

text: ancestors

text: as

text: traitors

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: and

text: therefore

text: untrustworthy

text: while

text: retaining

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: who

text: were

text: descended

text: from

text: defectors

text: who

text: joined

text: the

text: Qing

text: before

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: and

text: marched

text: through

text: Shanhai

text: pass

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: those

text: who

text: followed

text: the

text: Dragon

text: through

text: the

text: pass

text: 從龍入關

text: cong

text: long

text: ru

text: guan

question: How were Banner's organized?

answer: along ethnic lines

text: along ethnic lines

question: Which two ethnicities made up the majority of the Banner Armies?

answer: Manchu and Mongol

text: Manchu and Mongol

question: Which ethnicity dominated the army in the reigns of Shunzhi and Kangxi?

answer: Han Bannermen

text: Han Bannermen

question: When did Manchu ethnicity become important again in the Eight Banners?

answer: Qianlong's reign

text: Qianlong's reign

question: What did the Europeans call Han Bannermen?

answer: "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese"

text: "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese"


text: Local anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into the phantom limb for ten minutes or so and may be followed by hours, weeks or even longer of partial or total relief from phantom pain. Vigorous vibration or electrical stimulation of the stump, or current from electrodes surgically implanted onto the spinal cord, all produce relief in some patients.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Local

text: anesthetic

text: injections

text: into

text: the

text: nerves

text: or

text: sensitive

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: stump

text: may

text: relieve

text: pain

text: for

text: days

text: weeks

text: or

text: sometimes

text: permanently

text: despite

text: the

text: drug

text: wearing

text: off

text: in

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: hours

text: and

text: small

text: injections

text: of

text: hypertonic

text: saline

text: into

text: the

text: soft

text: tissue

text: between

text: vertebrae

text: produces

text: local

text: pain

text: that

text: radiates

text: into

text: the

text: phantom

text: limb

text: for

text: ten

text: minutes

text: or

text: so

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: followed

text: by

text: hours

text: weeks

text: or

text: even

text: longer

text: of

text: partial

text: or

text: total

text: relief

text: from

text: phantom

text: pain

text: Vigorous

text: vibration

text: or

text: electrical

text: stimulation

text: of

text: the

text: stump

text: or

text: current

text: from

text: electrodes

text: surgically

text: implanted

text: onto

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: all

text: produce

text: relief

text: in

text: some

text: patients

question: What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump?

answer: may relieve pain

text: may relieve pain

question: How long can an anesthetic, at max, relieve pain for, despite wearing off in only hours?

answer: permanently

text: permanently

question: What is injected in small amounts into the soft tissue between vertebrae to produce local pain?

answer: hypertonic saline

text: hypertonic saline

question: Vibrating the stump of an amputee's limb can produce what in some patients?

answer: relief

text: relief


text: In addition to Mesa, the club has held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas (1886, 1896–1900), (1909–1910) New Orleans (1870, 1907, 1911–1912); Champaign, Illinois (1901–02, 1906); Los Angeles (1903–04, 1948–1949), Santa Monica, California (1905); French Lick, Indiana (1908, 1943–1945); Tampa, Florida (1913–1916); Pasadena, California (1917–1921); Santa Catalina Island, California (1922–1942, 1946–1947, 1950–1951); Rendezvous Park in Mesa (1952–1965); Blair Field in Long Beach, California (1966); and Scottsdale, Arizona (1967–1978).

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Mesa

text: the

text: club

text: has

text: held

text: spring

text: training

text: in

text: Hot

text: Springs

text: Arkansas

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Champaign

text: Illinois

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: California

text: French

text: Lick

text: Indiana

text: Tampa

text: Florida

text: Pasadena

text: California

text: Santa

text: Catalina

text: Island

text: California

text: Rendezvous

text: Park

text: in

text: Mesa

text: Blair

text: Field

text: in

text: Long

text: Beach

text: California

text: and

text: Scottsdale

text: Arizona

question: Where is Rendezvous Park?

answer: Mesa

text: Mesa

question: Where is Blair Field?

answer: Long Beach, California

text: Long Beach, California

question: Between what years did the club hold spring training in Scottsdale, Arizona?

answer: (1967–1978)


text: Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Religious

text: beliefs

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Empire

text: and

text: Persia

text: were

text: in

text: flux

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Judaism

text: was

text: an

text: active

text: proselytising

text: faith

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: Arab

text: political

text: leader

text: converted

text: to

text: it.[J

text: Christianity

text: had

text: active

text: missions

text: competing

text: with

text: the

text: Persians

text: Zoroastrianism

text: in

text: seeking

text: converts

text: especially

text: among

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: All

text: these

text: strands

text: came

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: Arabia

text: during

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: d.

text: After

text: his

text: death

text: Islamic

text: forces

text: conquered

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Empire

text: and

text: Persia

text: starting

text: with

text: Syria

text: in

text: and

text: reaching

text: Egypt

text: in

text: Persia

text: between

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: By

text: Islamic

text: forces

text: controlled

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: they

text: called

text: Al

text: Andalus

question: What was the ethnicity of a leader who converted to Judaism in this era?

answer: Arab

text: Arab

question: What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam?

answer: Zoroastrianism

text: Zoroastrianism

question: In what yer did Muhammad die?

answer: 632

question: In what period did Islamic armies conquer Syria?

answer: 634–635

question: In what century did Muslims conquer North Africa?

answer: 7th


text: Next to sound shifts, there are ample examples of suffix differences. Often simple suffix shifts (like switching between -the, -ske, -ke, -je, ...), sometimes the suffixes even depend on quite specific grammar rules for a certain dialect. Again taking West Flemish as an example. In that language, the words "ja" (yes) and "nee" (no) are also conjugated to the (often implicit) subject of the sentence. These separate grammar rules are a lot more difficult to imitate correctly than simple sound shifts, making it easy to recognise people who didn't grow up in a certain region, even decades after they moved.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Next

text: to

text: sound

text: shifts

text: there

text: are

text: ample

text: examples

text: of

text: suffix

text: differences

text: Often

text: simple

text: suffix

text: shifts

text: like

text: switching

text: between

text: -the

text: -ske

text: -ke

text: -je

text: sometimes

text: the

text: suffixes

text: even

text: depend

text: on

text: quite

text: specific

text: grammar

text: rules

text: for

text: a

text: certain

text: dialect

text: Again

text: taking

text: West

text: Flemish

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: In

text: that

text: language

text: the

text: words

text: ja

text: yes

text: and

text: nee

text: no

text: are

text: also

text: conjugated

text: to

text: the

text: often

text: implicit

text: subject

text: of

text: the

text: sentence

text: These

text: separate

text: grammar

text: rules

text: are

text: a

text: lot

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: imitate

text: correctly

text: than

text: simple

text: sound

text: shifts

text: making

text: it

text: easy

text: to

text: recognise

text: people

text: who

text: did

text: n't

text: grow

text: up

text: in

text: a

text: certain

text: region

text: even

text: decades

text: after

text: they

text: moved

question: What's the West Flemish word for "no"?

answer: nee

text: nee

question: How would you tell a West Flemish speaker "yes"?

answer: ja

text: ja

question: What piece of a sentence does West Flemish match the case of a "yes" or "no" to?

answer: subject

text: subject

question: Would linguistic differences make it difficult or easy to point out someone who moved from a different region of the Netherlands?

answer: easy

text: easy

question: Which is easier for a non-native speaker to imitate: grammar rules or sound shifts?

answer: sound shifts

text: sound shifts


text: Over three quarters of the student body has some proficiency in a second language (numbering 107 languages in total). This is partially due to the fact that 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church, and many of them learned a foreign language as part of their mission assignment. During any given semester, about one-third of the student body is enrolled in foreign language classes, a rate nearly four times the national average. BYU offers courses in over 60 different languages, many with advanced courses that are seldom offered elsewhere. Several of its language programs are the largest of their kind in the nation, the Russian program being one example. The university was selected by the United States Department of Education as the location of the national Middle East Language Resource Center, making the school a hub for experts on that region. It was also selected as a Center for International Business Education Research, a function of which is to train business employees in international languages and relations.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: Over

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: has

text: some

text: proficiency

text: in

text: a

text: second

text: language

text: numbering

text: languages

text: in

text: total

text: This

text: is

text: partially

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: at

text: BYU

text: has

text: been

text: missionaries

text: for

text: LDS

text: Church

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: learned

text: a

text: foreign

text: language

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: mission

text: assignment

text: During

text: any

text: given

text: semester

text: about

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: is

text: enrolled

text: in

text: foreign

text: language

text: classes

text: a

text: rate

text: nearly

text: four

text: times

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: BYU

text: offers

text: courses

text: in

text: over

text: different

text: languages

text: many

text: with

text: advanced

text: courses

text: that

text: are

text: seldom

text: offered

text: elsewhere

text: Several

text: of

text: its

text: language

text: programs

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: their

text: kind

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: the

text: Russian

text: program

text: being

text: one

text: example

text: The

text: university

text: was

text: selected

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Education

text: as

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: Middle

text: East

text: Language

text: Resource

text: Center

text: making

text: the

text: school

text: a

text: hub

text: for

text: experts

text: on

text: that

text: region

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: selected

text: as

text: a

text: Center

text: for

text: International

text: Business

text: Education

text: Research

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: to

text: train

text: business

text: employees

text: in

text: international

text: languages

text: and

text: relations

question: What percentage of the student body of BYU has some proficiency in a second language?

answer: Over three quarters

text: Over three quarters

question: What can be attributed to BYU's high percentage of second language proficient students?

answer: 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church

text: 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church

question: How many languages are offered as courses at BYU?

answer: over 60

text: over 60

question: What designation does BYU's Russian language program hold?

answer: largest of their kind in the nation

text: largest of their kind in the nation

question: Who chose BYU as the location of the national Middle East Language Resource Center?

answer: United States Department of Education

text: United States Department of Education


text: Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: rose

text: from

text: to

text: two

text: million

text: Currently

text: Jews

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: population

text: or

text: million

text: people

text: The

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: were

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: mass

text: immigration

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: and

text: Jews

text: fleeing

text: Arab

text: lands

text: Israel

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: population

text: of

text: Ethiopian

text: Jews

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: airlifted

text: to

text: Israel

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Between

text: and

text: nearly

text: immigrants

text: arrived

text: in

text: Israel

text: about

text: half

text: being

text: from

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: This

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: immigration

text: to

text: Israel

text: from

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: North

text: America

question: What years did the Jewish population rise from 800,000 to two million?

answer: 1948 and 1958

text: 1948 and 1958

question: What is the population of Israel?

answer: 6 million

text: 6 million

question: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?

answer: 227,258