text: Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Following

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: for

text: a

text: brief

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: Armenia

text: was

text: an

text: independent

text: republic

text: In

text: late

text: the

text: communists

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: following

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Armenia

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: and

text: in

text: Armenia

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Transcaucasian

text: SFSR

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: later

text: forming

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: to

text: September

text: In

text: Armenia

text: declared

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: second

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

question: What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920?

answer: independent republic

text: independent republic

question: When did communists take over Armenia?

answer: late 1920

text: late 1920

question: Who invaded Armenia in 1920?

answer: the Red Army

text: the Red Army

question: What part of the USSR did Armenia join?

answer: the Transcaucasian SFSR

text: the Transcaucasian SFSR

question: When did Armenia leave the USSR?

answer: 1991


text: In recent years there was a high demand for massively distributed databases with high partition tolerance but according to the CAP theorem it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously provide consistency, availability and partition tolerance guarantees. A distributed system can satisfy any two of these guarantees at the same time, but not all three. For that reason many NoSQL databases are using what is called eventual consistency to provide both availability and partition tolerance guarantees with a reduced level of data consistency.

title: Database

title: Database

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: high

text: demand

text: for

text: massively

text: distributed

text: databases

text: with

text: high

text: partition

text: tolerance

text: but

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: CAP

text: theorem

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: for

text: a

text: distributed

text: system

text: to

text: simultaneously

text: provide

text: consistency

text: availability

text: and

text: partition

text: tolerance

text: guarantees

text: A

text: distributed

text: system

text: can

text: satisfy

text: any

text: two

text: of

text: these

text: guarantees

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: but

text: not

text: all

text: three

text: For

text: that

text: reason

text: many

text: NoSQL

text: databases

text: are

text: using

text: what

text: is

text: called

text: eventual

text: consistency

text: to

text: provide

text: both

text: availability

text: and

text: partition

text: tolerance

text: guarantees

text: with

text: a

text: reduced

text: level

text: of

text: data

text: consistency

question: What is used to offer a balance in guarantees?

answer: eventual consistency

text: eventual consistency

question: What explains the difficulty in a system containing availability, consistency, and partition tolerance guarantees?

answer: the CAP theorem

text: the CAP theorem

question: How many guarantees will most databases tolerate?

answer: two

text: two


text: In the 2005 OECD report for Greece, it was clearly stated that "the impact of new accounting rules on the fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999 ranged from 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP; this retroactive change of methodology was responsible for the revised deficit exceeding 3% in 1999, the year of [Greece's] EMU membership qualification". The above led the Greek minister of finance to clarify that the 1999 budget deficit was below the prescribed 3% limit when calculated with the ESA79 methodology in force at the time of Greece's application, and thus the criteria had been met.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: In

text: the

text: OECD

text: report

text: for

text: Greece

text: it

text: was

text: clearly

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: new

text: accounting

text: rules

text: on

text: the

text: fiscal

text: figures

text: for

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: ranged

text: from

text: to

text: percentage

text: point

text: of

text: GDP

text: this

text: retroactive

text: change

text: of

text: methodology

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: revised

text: deficit

text: exceeding

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: Greece

text: 's

text: EMU

text: membership

text: qualification

text: The

text: above

text: led

text: the

text: Greek

text: minister

text: of

text: finance

text: to

text: clarify

text: that

text: the

text: budget

text: deficit

text: was

text: below

text: the

text: prescribed

text: limit

text: when

text: calculated

text: with

text: the

text: methodology

text: in

text: force

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Greece

text: 's

text: application

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: criteria

text: had

text: been

text: met

question: Who provided a report for Greece in 2005?

answer: OECD

text: OECD

question: What was the range of the impact of the new accounting rules on the Greek fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999?

answer: 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP

text: 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP

question: What was the year of Greece's EMU membership qualification?

answer: 1999

question: What methodology was in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification?

answer: ESA79

question: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was below when calculated with the ESA79 methodology?

answer: the prescribed 3% limit

text: the prescribed 3% limit


text: Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on. Thus the term "physicalism" is preferred over "materialism" by some, while others use the terms as if they are synonymous.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Materialism

text: is

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: physicalism

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: all

text: that

text: exists

text: is

text: ultimately

text: physical

text: Philosophical

text: physicalism

text: has

text: evolved

text: from

text: materialism

text: with

text: the

text: discoveries

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: sciences

text: to

text: incorporate

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: notions

text: of

text: physicality

text: than

text: mere

text: ordinary

text: matter

text: such

text: as

text: spacetime

text: physical

text: energies

text: and

text: forces

text: dark

text: matter

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: Thus

text: the

text: term

text: physicalism

text: is

text: preferred

text: over

text: materialism

text: by

text: some

text: while

text: others

text: use

text: the

text: terms

text: as

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: synonymous

question: What are some examples of philosophical physicalism?

answer: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter

text: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter

question: Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what?

answer: Materialism

text: Materialism


text: The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: The

text: Archaic

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: saw

text: a

text: changing

text: environment

text: featuring

text: a

text: warmer

text: more

text: arid

text: climate

text: and

text: the

text: disappearance

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: megafauna

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: population

text: groups

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: were

text: still

text: highly

text: mobile

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: but

text: now

text: individual

text: groups

text: started

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: resources

text: available

text: to

text: them

text: locally

text: thus

text: with

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: time

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: pattern

text: of

text: increasing

text: regional

text: generalization

text: like

text: the

text: Southwest

text: Arctic

text: Poverty

text: Dalton

text: and

text: Plano

text: traditions

text: This

text: regional

text: adaptations

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: norm

text: with

text: reliance

text: less

text: on

text: hunting

text: and

text: gathering

text: with

text: a

text: more

text: mixed

text: economy

text: of

text: small

text: game

text: fish

text: seasonally

text: wild

text: vegetables

text: and

text: harvested

text: plant

text: foods

question: What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?

answer: warmer more arid

text: warmer more arid

question: What disappeared during the Archaic period?

answer: megafauna

text: megafauna

question: What became the norm for the mobile bands?

answer: regional adaptations

text: regional adaptations

question: What did they rely less and less on?

answer: hunting and gathering

text: hunting and gathering

question: What was there a pattern of in this period?

answer: increasing regional generalization

text: increasing regional generalization


text: California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: California

text: governor

text: Arnold

text: Schwarzenegger

text: signed

text: the

text: Donda

text: West

text: Law

text: legislation

text: which

text: makes

text: it

text: mandatory

text: for

text: patients

text: to

text: provide

text: medical

text: clearance

text: for

text: elective

text: cosmetic

text: surgery

question: What famous governor signed legislation in honor of Donda West's death?

answer: Arnold Schwarzenegger

text: Arnold Schwarzenegger

question: What governor passed a law in honor of Donda West?

answer: Arnold Schwarzenegger

text: Arnold Schwarzenegger

question: What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger?

answer: "Donda West Law"

text: "Donda West Law"


text: Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in W magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery. It traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews. She commented, "[American Life] was like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from The Advocate felt that "American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent" while condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously." The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Following

text: Die

text: Another

text: Day

text: Madonna

text: collaborated

text: with

text: fashion

text: photographer

text: Steven

text: Klein

text: in

text: for

text: an

text: exhibition

text: installation

text: named

text: X

text: STaTIC

text: Pro

text: CeSS

text: It

text: included

text: photography

text: from

text: a

text: photo

text: shoot

text: in

text: W

text: magazine

text: and

text: seven

text: video

text: segments

text: The

text: installation

text: ran

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Deitch

text: Projects

text: gallery

text: It

text: traveled

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: an

text: edited

text: form

text: The

text: same

text: year

text: Madonna

text: released

text: her

text: ninth

text: studio

text: album

text: American

text: Life

text: which

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: her

text: observations

text: of

text: American

text: society

text: it

text: received

text: mixed

text: reviews

text: She

text: commented

text: American

text: Life

text: was

text: like

text: a

text: trip

text: down

text: memory

text: lane

text: looking

text: back

text: at

text: everything

text: I

text: 've

text: accomplished

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: things

text: I

text: once

text: valued

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: things

text: that

text: were

text: important

text: to

text: me

text: Larry

text: Flick

text: from

text: The

text: Advocate

text: felt

text: that

text: American

text: Life

text: is

text: an

text: album

text: that

text: is

text: among

text: her

text: most

text: adventurous

text: and

text: lyrically

text: intelligent

text: while

text: condemning

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: lazy

text: half

text: arsed

text: effort

text: to

text: sound

text: and

text: take

text: her

text: seriously

text: The

text: title

text: song

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Hot

text: Its

text: original

text: music

text: video

text: was

text: canceled

text: as

text: Madonna

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: video

text: featuring

text: violence

text: and

text: war

text: imagery

text: would

text: be

text: deemed

text: unpatriotic

text: since

text: America

text: was

text: then

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Iraq

text: With

text: four

text: million

text: copies

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: American

text: Life

text: was

text: the

text: lowest

text: selling

text: album

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: at

text: that

text: point

question: What is the name of the exhibition installation that Madonna teamed up with fashion photographer Chris Klein called?

answer: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS

text: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS

question: What was Madonna's ninth album called?

answer: American Life

text: American Life

question: When was American Life released?

answer: 2003

question: American Life reached which number at the Hot 100?

answer: 37

question: How many copies did the album sell worldwide?

answer: four million

text: four million


text: Affirmative action is a subject of controversy. Some policies adopted as affirmative action, such as racial quotas or gender quotas for collegiate admission, have been criticized as a form of reverse discrimination, and such implementation of affirmative action has been ruled unconstitutional by the majority opinion of Gratz v. Bollinger. Affirmative action as a practice was upheld by the Supreme Court's decision in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003. Affirmative action policies were developed in order to correct decades of discrimination stemming from the Reconstruction Era by granting disadvantaged minorities opportunities. Many believe that the diversity of current American society suggests that affirmative action policies succeeded and are no longer required. Opponents of affirmative action argue that these policies are outdated and lead to reverse discrimination which entails favoring one group over another based upon racial preference rather than achievement.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: is

text: a

text: subject

text: of

text: controversy

text: Some

text: policies

text: adopted

text: as

text: affirmative

text: action

text: such

text: as

text: racial

text: quotas

text: or

text: gender

text: quotas

text: for

text: collegiate

text: admission

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: and

text: such

text: implementation

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: has

text: been

text: ruled

text: unconstitutional

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: opinion

text: of

text: Gratz

text: v.

text: Bollinger

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: as

text: a

text: practice

text: was

text: upheld

text: by

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: Grutter

text: v.

text: Bollinger

text: in

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: correct

text: decades

text: of

text: discrimination

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: Reconstruction

text: Era

text: by

text: granting

text: disadvantaged

text: minorities

text: opportunities

text: Many

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: diversity

text: of

text: current

text: American

text: society

text: suggests

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: succeeded

text: and

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: required

text: Opponents

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: argue

text: that

text: these

text: policies

text: are

text: outdated

text: and

text: lead

text: to

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: which

text: entails

text: favoring

text: one

text: group

text: over

text: another

text: based

text: upon

text: racial

text: preference

text: rather

text: than

text: achievement

question: What is another example aside from racial quotes of affirmative action for collegiate admissions?

answer: gender quotas

text: gender quotas

question: Having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination?

answer: reverse

text: reverse

question: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was unconstitutional?

answer: Gratz v. Bollinger

text: Gratz v. Bollinger

question: In which time period did discrimination policies originate from?

answer: Reconstruction Era

text: Reconstruction Era

question: What do critics of affirmative action believe should be the main factor in hiring?

answer: achievement

text: achievement


text: Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination in schools and businesses for many years and this discrimination produced unfair advantages for whites and males in education and employment. The impetus toward affirmative action is redressing the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Further impetus is a desire to ensure public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: tends

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: education

text: and

text: employment

text: specifically

text: granting

text: special

text: consideration

text: to

text: racial

text: minorities

text: Native

text: Americans

text: and

text: women

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: historically

text: excluded

text: groups

text: in

text: America

text: Reports

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: minorities

text: and

text: women

text: have

text: faced

text: discrimination

text: in

text: schools

text: and

text: businesses

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: and

text: this

text: discrimination

text: produced

text: unfair

text: advantages

text: for

text: whites

text: and

text: males

text: in

text: education

text: and

text: employment

text: The

text: impetus

text: toward

text: affirmative

text: action

text: is

text: redressing

text: the

text: disadvantages

text: associated

text: with

text: past

text: and

text: present

text: discrimination

text: Further

text: impetus

text: is

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: ensure

text: public

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: universities

text: hospitals

text: and

text: police

text: forces

text: are

text: more

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: populations

text: they

text: serve

question: Outside of employment, what is the other main issue that affirmative action focuses on?

answer: education

text: education

question: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women?

answer: racial minorities

text: racial minorities

question: Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in advantages for what group of people?

answer: whites and males

text: whites and males

question: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?

answer: are more representative of the populations they serve

text: are more representative of the populations they serve


text: The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas "Amerindian" is used in Quebec, The Guianas, and the English-speaking Caribbean. Indigenous peoples are commonly known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, which include First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. Indigenous peoples of the United States are commonly known as Native Americans or American Indians, and Alaska Natives.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: are

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: Pueblos

text: indígenas

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: term

text: in

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: countries

text: Aborigen

text: aboriginal

text: native

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: Argentina

text: whereas

text: Amerindian

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: Quebec

text: The

text: Guianas

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: Caribbean

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: Canada

text: as

text: Aboriginal

text: peoples

text: which

text: include

text: First

text: Nations

text: Inuit

text: and

text: Métis

text: peoples

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Native

text: Americans

text: or

text: American

text: Indians

text: and

text: Alaska

text: Natives

question: Who are the indigenous people of the Americas descended from?

answer: pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas

text: pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas

question: What is a common term in Spanish speaking countries for the indigenous peoples?

answer: Pueblos indígenas

text: Pueblos indígenas

question: In Quebec, The Guianas and places in the Caribbean where English is spoken, what is the preferred term for the indigenous people of the Americas?

answer: Amerindian

text: Amerindian

question: What term is used in Argentina to refer to the original peoples of a continent?

answer: Aborigen

text: Aborigen

question: How are the indigenous people most commonly referred to by citizens of the U.S.?

answer: Native Americans

text: Native Americans


text: A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time. The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail. The incident highlighted French and British weakness, exemplified by their reluctance to alienate Italy and lose her as their ally. The limited actions taken by the Western powers pushed Mussolini's Italy towards alliance with Hitler's Germany anyway. The Abyssinian war showed Hitler how weak the League was and encouraged the remilitarization of the Rhineland in flagrant disregard of the Treaty of Versailles. This was the first in a series of provocative acts culminating in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the beginning of the Second World War.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: international

text: crises

text: strained

text: the

text: League

text: to

text: its

text: limits

text: the

text: earliest

text: being

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: by

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Abyssinian

text: crisis

text: of

text: in

text: which

text: Italy

text: invaded

text: Abyssinia

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: only

text: free

text: African

text: nations

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: The

text: League

text: tried

text: to

text: enforce

text: economic

text: sanctions

text: upon

text: Italy

text: but

text: to

text: no

text: avail

text: The

text: incident

text: highlighted

text: French

text: and

text: British

text: weakness

text: exemplified

text: by

text: their

text: reluctance

text: to

text: alienate

text: Italy

text: and

text: lose

text: her

text: as

text: their

text: ally

text: The

text: limited

text: actions

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: powers

text: pushed

text: Mussolini

text: 's

text: Italy

text: towards

text: alliance

text: with

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: Germany

text: anyway

text: The

text: Abyssinian

text: war

text: showed

text: Hitler

text: how

text: weak

text: the

text: League

text: was

text: and

text: encouraged

text: the

text: remilitarization

text: of

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: in

text: flagrant

text: disregard

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: provocative

text: acts

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

question: Who was first to invade Manchuria?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: What is the Abyssinian crisis?

answer: Italy invaded Abyssinia

text: Italy invaded Abyssinia

question: What is Abyssinia?

answer: one of the only free African nations at that time

text: one of the only free African nations at that time

question: When did the Abyssinian crisis occur?

answer: 1935/36

question: Who did The League try to force economic sanctions on?

answer: Italy

text: Italy


text: London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI and Warner Music Group as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms). London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum. The UK's largest pipe organ is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: classical

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: capitals

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: major

text: music

text: corporations

text: such

text: as

text: EMI

text: and

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: countless

text: bands

text: musicians

text: and

text: industry

text: professionals

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: orchestras

text: and

text: concert

text: halls

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Barbican

text: Arts

text: Centre

text: principal

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Symphony

text: Chorus

text: Cadogan

text: Hall

text: Royal

text: Philharmonic

text: Orchestra

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: Albert

text: Hall

text: The

text: Proms

text: London

text: 's

text: two

text: main

text: opera

text: houses

text: are

text: the

text: Royal

text: Opera

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Coliseum

text: The

text: UK

text: 's

text: largest

text: pipe

text: organ

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Albert

text: Hall

text: Other

text: significant

text: instruments

text: are

text: at

text: the

text: cathedrals

text: and

text: major

text: churches

text: Several

text: conservatoires

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: Royal

text: Academy

text: of

text: Music

text: Royal

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: Guildhall

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: Drama

text: and

text: Trinity

text: Laban

question: What musical instrument is situated at Royal Albert Hall?

answer: The UK's largest pipe organ

text: The UK's largest pipe organ

question: London-based EMI is a corporation focused on what industry?

answer: music

text: music

question: In which facility is the London Symphony Orchestra based?

answer: the Barbican Arts Centre

text: the Barbican Arts Centre

question: What are the names of London's two primary opera houses?

answer: the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum

text: the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum

question: Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Music are examples of what?

answer: conservatoires

text: conservatoires


text: Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other types of domestic child labour include working in commercial plantations, begging, and other sales such as boot shining. In total, there is an estimated five million children who are currently working in the field of agriculture which steadily increases during the time of harvest. Along with 30 percent of children who are picking coffee, there are an estimated 25,000 school age children who work year round.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Children

text: working

text: at

text: a

text: young

text: age

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: consistent

text: theme

text: throughout

text: Africa

text: Many

text: children

text: began

text: first

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: help

text: their

text: parents

text: run

text: the

text: family

text: farm

text: Children

text: in

text: Africa

text: today

text: are

text: often

text: forced

text: into

text: exploitative

text: labour

text: due

text: to

text: family

text: debt

text: and

text: other

text: financial

text: factors

text: leading

text: to

text: ongoing

text: poverty

text: Other

text: types

text: of

text: domestic

text: child

text: labour

text: include

text: working

text: in

text: commercial

text: plantations

text: begging

text: and

text: other

text: sales

text: such

text: as

text: boot

text: shining

text: In

text: total

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: estimated

text: five

text: million

text: children

text: who

text: are

text: currently

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: agriculture

text: which

text: steadily

text: increases

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: harvest

text: Along

text: with

text: percent

text: of

text: children

text: who

text: are

text: picking

text: coffee

text: there

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: school

text: age

text: children

text: who

text: work

text: year

text: round

question: Where do African children find their first jobs?

answer: home

text: home

question: What do African children do primarily while working at home?

answer: help their parents run the family farm

text: help their parents run the family farm

question: How many children in Africa are working in the arigucultural sector?

answer: estimated five million

text: estimated five million

question: How many children in Africa pick coffee?

answer: 30 percent

text: 30 percent

question: How many children work year round in Africa?

answer: estimated 25,000

text: estimated 25,000


text: It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: It

text: was

text: temporarily

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: empire

text: and

text: Chinese

text: from

text: and

text: then

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: in

text: The

text: Samanid

text: Empire

text: to

text: restored

text: Persian

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: enlarged

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Samarkand

text: and

text: Bukhara

text: both

text: cities

text: are

text: today

text: part

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: cultural

text: centers

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Khorasan

text: The

text: Kara

text: Khanid

text: Khanate

text: conquered

text: Transoxania

text: which

text: corresponds

text: approximately

text: with

text: modern

text: day

text: Uzbekistan

text: Tajikistan

text: southern

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: southwest

text: Kazakhstan

text: and

text: ruled

text: between

text: Their

text: arrival

text: in

text: Transoxania

text: signaled

text: a

text: definitive

text: shift

text: from

text: Iranian

text: to

text: Turkic

text: predominance

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: but

text: gradually

text: the

text: Kara

text: khanids

text: became

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: Perso

text: Arab

text: Muslim

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: region

question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?

answer: 650–680

question: Who took control of the regin in 710?

answer: Umayyads

text: Umayyads

question: Who restored Persian control of the region?

answer: The Samanid Empire,

text: The Samanid Empire,

question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?

answer: Khorasan

text: Khorasan

question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?

answer: 650–680

question: Who took control of the regin in 710?

answer: Umayyads

text: Umayyads

question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?

answer: 650–680

question: Who restored Persian control of the region?

answer: The Samanid Empire,

text: The Samanid Empire,

question: Who took control of the regin in 710?

answer: Umayyads

text: Umayyads

question: Who restored Persian control of the region?

answer: The Samanid Empire,

text: The Samanid Empire,

question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?

answer: Khorasan

text: Khorasan

question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?

answer: Khorasan

text: Khorasan

question: When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese?

answer: 650–680

question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?

answer: 710

question: Who conquered Tansaxania?

answer: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

text: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

question: When did the Samanid Empire rule the land?

answer: The Samanid Empire

text: The Samanid Empire


text: The links between religious and political life were vital to Rome's internal governance, diplomacy and development from kingdom, to Republic and to Empire. Post-regal politics dispersed the civil and religious authority of the kings more or less equitably among the patrician elite: kingship was replaced by two annually elected consular offices. In the early Republic, as presumably in the regal era, plebeians were excluded from high religious and civil office, and could be punished for offenses against laws of which they had no knowledge. They resorted to strikes and violence to break the oppressive patrician monopolies of high office, public priesthood, and knowledge of civil and religious law. The senate appointed Camillus as dictator to handle the emergency; he negotiated a settlement, and sanctified it by the dedication of a temple to Concordia. The religious calendars and laws were eventually made public. Plebeian tribunes were appointed, with sacrosanct status and the right of veto in legislative debate. In principle, the augural and pontifical colleges were now open to plebeians. In reality, the patrician and to a lesser extent, plebeian nobility dominated religious and civil office throughout the Republican era and beyond.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: links

text: between

text: religious

text: and

text: political

text: life

text: were

text: vital

text: to

text: Rome

text: 's

text: internal

text: governance

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: development

text: from

text: kingdom

text: to

text: Republic

text: and

text: to

text: Empire

text: Post

text: regal

text: politics

text: dispersed

text: the

text: civil

text: and

text: religious

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: kings

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: equitably

text: among

text: the

text: patrician

text: elite

text: kingship

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: two

text: annually

text: elected

text: consular

text: offices

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Republic

text: as

text: presumably

text: in

text: the

text: regal

text: era

text: plebeians

text: were

text: excluded

text: from

text: high

text: religious

text: and

text: civil

text: office

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: punished

text: for

text: offenses

text: against

text: laws

text: of

text: which

text: they

text: had

text: no

text: knowledge

text: They

text: resorted

text: to

text: strikes

text: and

text: violence

text: to

text: break

text: the

text: oppressive

text: patrician

text: monopolies

text: of

text: high

text: office

text: public

text: priesthood

text: and

text: knowledge

text: of

text: civil

text: and

text: religious

text: law

text: The

text: senate

text: appointed

text: Camillus

text: as

text: dictator

text: to

text: handle

text: the

text: emergency

text: he

text: negotiated

text: a

text: settlement

text: and

text: sanctified

text: it

text: by

text: the

text: dedication

text: of

text: a

text: temple

text: to

text: Concordia

text: The

text: religious

text: calendars

text: and

text: laws

text: were

text: eventually

text: made

text: public

text: Plebeian

text: tribunes

text: were

text: appointed

text: with

text: sacrosanct

text: status

text: and

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: veto

text: in

text: legislative

text: debate

text: In

text: principle

text: the

text: augural

text: and

text: pontifical

text: colleges

text: were

text: now

text: open

text: to

text: plebeians

text: In

text: reality

text: the

text: patrician

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: plebeian

text: nobility

text: dominated

text: religious

text: and

text: civil

text: office

text: throughout

text: the

text: Republican

text: era

text: and

text: beyond

question: The link between what groups was necessary to Rome?

answer: religious and political

text: religious and political

question: Where was the basic power in Rome to be found?

answer: patrician elite

text: patrician elite

question: What group was excluded from high offices ?

answer: plebeians

text: plebeians

question: Who did the Senate select to settle a strike by the lower classes?

answer: Camillus

text: Camillus

question: To whom was a temple dedicated at the settlement of the strike?

answer: Concordia

text: Concordia


text: In response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation of Namibia, in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. During the South African occupation of Namibia, white commercial farmers, most of whom came as settlers from South Africa and represented 0.2% of the national population, owned 74% of the arable land. Outside the central-southern area of Namibia (known as the "Police Zone" since the German era and which contained the main towns, industries, mines and best arable land), the country was divided into "homelands", the version of South African bantustan applied to Namibia, although only a few were actually established because indigenous Namibians often did not cooperate.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: ruling

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: South

text: West

text: Africa

text: People

text: 's

text: Organisation

text: SWAPO

text: military

text: wing

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: of

text: Namibia

text: a

text: guerrilla

text: group

text: began

text: their

text: armed

text: struggle

text: for

text: independence

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: South

text: Africa

text: agreed

text: to

text: end

text: its

text: occupation

text: of

text: Namibia

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: a

text: UN

text: peace

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: region

text: During

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: occupation

text: of

text: Namibia

text: white

text: commercial

text: farmers

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: came

text: as

text: settlers

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: population

text: owned

text: of

text: the

text: arable

text: land

text: Outside

text: the

text: central

text: southern

text: area

text: of

text: Namibia

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Police

text: Zone

text: since

text: the

text: German

text: era

text: and

text: which

text: contained

text: the

text: main

text: towns

text: industries

text: mines

text: and

text: best

text: arable

text: land

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: homelands

text: the

text: version

text: of

text: South

text: African

text: bantustan

text: applied

text: to

text: Namibia

text: although

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: were

text: actually

text: established

text: because

text: indigenous

text: Namibians

text: often

text: did

text: not

text: cooperate

question: Which guerrilla group fought for Namibia's independence?

answer: People's Liberation Army of Namibia

text: People's Liberation Army of Namibia

question: When did a guerrilla group fight for Namibia's independence?

answer: 1966

question: When did South Africa end occupation of Namibia?

answer: 1988

question: Why did South Africa end occupation in Namibia?

answer: UN peace plan

text: UN peace plan

question: What is the central-southern area of Namibia known as?

answer: Police Zone

text: Police Zone


text: Ski troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close. The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area, where American troops found 75 kilos of gold coins stored in a single mine, were used to store looted art, jewels, and currency; vast quantities of looted art were found and returned to the owners.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Ski

text: troops

text: were

text: trained

text: for

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: battles

text: were

text: waged

text: in

text: mountainous

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: battle

text: at

text: Riva

text: Ridge

text: in

text: Italy

text: where

text: the

text: American

text: Mountain

text: Division

text: encountered

text: heavy

text: resistance

text: in

text: February

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: a

text: substantial

text: amount

text: of

text: Nazi

text: plunder

text: was

text: found

text: stored

text: in

text: Austria

text: where

text: Hitler

text: had

text: hoped

text: to

text: retreat

text: as

text: the

text: war

text: drew

text: to

text: a

text: close

text: The

text: salt

text: mines

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Altaussee

text: area

text: where

text: American

text: troops

text: found

text: kilos

text: of

text: gold

text: coins

text: stored

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: mine

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: store

text: looted

text: art

text: jewels

text: and

text: currency

text: vast

text: quantities

text: of

text: looted

text: art

text: were

text: found

text: and

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: owners

question: Who were trained for the war?

answer: Ski troops

text: Ski troops

question: Where was the battle at Riva Ridge?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Where was a substantial amount of Nazi plunder found at the end of the war?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: Where did American troops find 75 kilos of gold coins?

answer: The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area

text: The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area


text: Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Phillips

text: became

text: the

text: winner

text: beating

text: Sanchez

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: announcement

text: of

text: the

text: winner

text: season

text: five

text: finalist

text: Ace

text: Young

text: proposed

text: marriage

text: to

text: season

text: three

text: runner

text: up

text: Diana

text: DeGarmo

text: on

text: stage

text: which

text: she

text: accepted

question: What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him?

answer: Diana DeGarmo

text: Diana DeGarmo

question: In what season was Ace Young a finalist on American Idol?

answer: five

text: five

question: In What season did Diana DeGarmo come in second on American Idol?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who won this season of Idol?

answer: Phillips

text: Phillips

question: Which season was Ace Young on?

answer: season five

text: season five

question: Which season was Diana DeGarmo on?

answer: season three

text: season three


text: Avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376. With the return of the Pope to Rome in 1378, the Papal State developed into a major secular power, culminating in the morally corrupt papacy of Alexander VI. Florence grew to prominence amongst the Italian city-states through financial business, and the dominant Medici family became important promoters of the Renaissance through their patronage of the arts. Other city states in northern Italy also expanded their territories and consolidated their power, primarily Milan and Venice. The War of the Sicilian Vespers had by the early 14th century divided southern Italy into an Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples. In 1442, the two kingdoms were effectively united under Aragonese control.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Avignon

text: was

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: papacy

text: from

text: to

text: With

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: to

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: Papal

text: State

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: secular

text: power

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: morally

text: corrupt

text: papacy

text: of

text: Alexander

text: VI

text: Florence

text: grew

text: to

text: prominence

text: amongst

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: states

text: through

text: financial

text: business

text: and

text: the

text: dominant

text: Medici

text: family

text: became

text: important

text: promoters

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: through

text: their

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: Other

text: city

text: states

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: also

text: expanded

text: their

text: territories

text: and

text: consolidated

text: their

text: power

text: primarily

text: Milan

text: and

text: Venice

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: Vespers

text: had

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: divided

text: southern

text: Italy

text: into

text: an

text: Aragon

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sicily

text: and

text: an

text: Anjou

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Naples

text: In

text: the

text: two

text: kingdoms

text: were

text: effectively

text: united

text: under

text: Aragonese

text: control

question: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 14th century?

answer: Avignon

text: Avignon

question: In what year did the papacy return to Rome?

answer: 1378

question: What 14th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms?

answer: The War of the Sicilian Vespers

text: The War of the Sicilian Vespers

question: What were the names of the two kingdoms into which southern Italy was divided?

answer: Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples

text: Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples

question: In what year were the two southern Italian kingdoms re-united?

answer: 1442


text: French-speaking naturalists in several countries showed appreciation of the much modified French translation by Clémence Royer, but Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism. The intelligentsia in Russia had accepted the general phenomenon of evolution for several years before Darwin had published his theory, and scientists were quick to take it into account, although the Malthusian aspects were felt to be relatively unimportant. The political economy of struggle was criticised as a British stereotype by Karl Marx and by Leo Tolstoy, who had the character Levin in his novel Anna Karenina voice sharp criticism of the morality of Darwin's views.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: French

text: speaking

text: naturalists

text: in

text: several

text: countries

text: showed

text: appreciation

text: of

text: the

text: much

text: modified

text: French

text: translation

text: by

text: Clémence

text: Royer

text: but

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: ideas

text: had

text: little

text: impact

text: in

text: France

text: where

text: any

text: scientists

text: supporting

text: evolutionary

text: ideas

text: opted

text: for

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: Lamarckism

text: The

text: intelligentsia

text: in

text: Russia

text: had

text: accepted

text: the

text: general

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: evolution

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: before

text: Darwin

text: had

text: published

text: his

text: theory

text: and

text: scientists

text: were

text: quick

text: to

text: take

text: it

text: into

text: account

text: although

text: the

text: Malthusian

text: aspects

text: were

text: felt

text: to

text: be

text: relatively

text: unimportant

text: The

text: political

text: economy

text: of

text: struggle

text: was

text: criticised

text: as

text: a

text: British

text: stereotype

text: by

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: and

text: by

text: Leo

text: Tolstoy

text: who

text: had

text: the

text: character

text: Levin

text: in

text: his

text: novel

text: Anna

text: Karenina

text: voice

text: sharp

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: morality

text: of

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: views

question: What was the general feeling toward Darwin's ideas in France?

answer: Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism

text: Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism

question: What people in what country had embraced the idea of evolution for many years before Darwin published his theory?

answer: The intelligentsia in Russia

text: The intelligentsia in Russia

question: Which aspects of evolution theory were thought to be unimportant by many who read Darwin's work?

answer: the Malthusian aspects

text: the Malthusian aspects

question: Which author voiced his displeasure of the morality of Darwin's views in a novel?

answer: Leo Tolstoy

text: Leo Tolstoy


text: Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: company

text: to

text: publicly

text: state

text: a

text: timeline

text: for

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: toxic

text: polyvinyl

text: chloride

text: PVC

text: and

text: brominated

text: flame

text: retardants

text: BFRs

text: which

text: it

text: planned

text: to

text: phase

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: It

text: revised

text: this

text: commitment

text: and

text: now

text: aims

text: to

text: remove

text: these

text: toxics

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: but

text: only

text: in

text: its

text: computing

text: products

text: In

text: March

text: Greenpeace

text: activists

text: protested

text: at

text: Dell

text: offices

text: in

text: Bangalore

text: Amsterdam

text: and

text: Copenhagen

text: calling

text: for

text: Dell

text: ’s

text: founder

text: and

text: CEO

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: to

text: drop

text: the

text: toxics’

text: and

text: claiming

text: that

text: Dell

text: ’s

text: aspiration

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: greenest

text: technology

text: company

text: on

text: the

text: planet’

text: was

text: hypocritical’

text: Dell

text: has

text: launched

text: its

text: first

text: products

text: completely

text: free

text: of

text: PVC

text: and

text: BFRs

text: with

text: the

text: G

text: Series

text: monitors

text: and

text: in

question: What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products?

answer: polyvinyl chloride

text: polyvinyl chloride

question: By what year does Dell plan to remove chemicals from its computers?

answer: 2011

question: What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals?

answer: Greenpeace

text: Greenpeace

question: What year did Dell launch its first products that were free of toxic chemicals?

answer: 2009


text: The government collapsed after only nine months when the Liberals voted for a Select Committee inquiry into the Campbell Case, a vote which MacDonald had declared to be a vote of confidence. The ensuing 1924 general election saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the Zinoviev letter, in which Moscow talked about a Communist revolution in Britain. The letter had little impact on the Labour vote—which held up. It was the collapse of the Liberal party that led to the Conservative landslide. The Conservatives were returned to power although Labour increased its vote from 30.7% to a third of the popular vote, most Conservative gains being at the expense of the Liberals. However many Labourites for years blamed their defeat on foul play (the Zinoviev Letter), thereby according to A. J. P. Taylor misunderstanding the political forces at work and delaying needed reforms in the party.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: government

text: collapsed

text: after

text: only

text: nine

text: months

text: when

text: the

text: Liberals

text: voted

text: for

text: a

text: Select

text: Committee

text: inquiry

text: into

text: the

text: Campbell

text: Case

text: a

text: vote

text: which

text: MacDonald

text: had

text: declared

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: confidence

text: The

text: ensuing

text: general

text: election

text: saw

text: the

text: publication

text: four

text: days

text: before

text: polling

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: Zinoviev

text: letter

text: in

text: which

text: Moscow

text: talked

text: about

text: a

text: Communist

text: revolution

text: in

text: Britain

text: The

text: letter

text: had

text: little

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: Labour

text: vote

text: which

text: held

text: up

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Liberal

text: party

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Conservative

text: landslide

text: The

text: Conservatives

text: were

text: returned

text: to

text: power

text: although

text: Labour

text: increased

text: its

text: vote

text: from

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: vote

text: most

text: Conservative

text: gains

text: being

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: Liberals

text: However

text: many

text: Labourites

text: for

text: years

text: blamed

text: their

text: defeat

text: on

text: foul

text: play

text: the

text: Zinoviev

text: Letter

text: thereby

text: according

text: to

text: A.

text: J.

text: P.

text: Taylor

text: misunderstanding

text: the

text: political

text: forces

text: at

text: work

text: and

text: delaying

text: needed

text: reforms

text: in

text: the

text: party

question: When was the Zinoviev letter published?

answer: 1924

question: After how long did the government collapse?

answer: nine months

text: nine months


text: To Popper, who was an anti-justificationist, traditional philosophy is misled by the false principle of sufficient reason. He thinks that no assumption can ever be or needs ever to be justified, so a lack of justification is not a justification for doubt. Instead, theories should be tested and scrutinised. It is not the goal to bless theories with claims of certainty or justification, but to eliminate errors in them. He writes, "there are no such things as good positive reasons; nor do we need such things [...] But [philosophers] obviously cannot quite bring [themselves] to believe that this is my opinion, let alone that it is right" (The Philosophy of Karl Popper, p. 1043)

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: To

text: Popper

text: who

text: was

text: an

text: anti

text: justificationist

text: traditional

text: philosophy

text: is

text: misled

text: by

text: the

text: false

text: principle

text: of

text: sufficient

text: reason

text: He

text: thinks

text: that

text: no

text: assumption

text: can

text: ever

text: be

text: or

text: needs

text: ever

text: to

text: be

text: justified

text: so

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: justification

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: justification

text: for

text: doubt

text: Instead

text: theories

text: should

text: be

text: tested

text: and

text: scrutinised

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: goal

text: to

text: bless

text: theories

text: with

text: claims

text: of

text: certainty

text: or

text: justification

text: but

text: to

text: eliminate

text: errors

text: in

text: them

text: He

text: writes

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: such

text: things

text: as

text: good

text: positive

text: reasons

text: nor

text: do

text: we

text: need

text: such

text: things

text: But

text: philosophers

text: obviously

text: can

text: not

text: quite

text: bring

text: themselves

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: this

text: is

text: my

text: opinion

text: let

text: alone

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: right

text: The

text: Philosophy

text: of

text: Karl

text: Popper

text: p.

question: According to Popper, what is not grounds for doubt?

answer: lack of justification

text: lack of justification

question: What principle of traditional philosophy did Popper take an anti-justificationist stance against?

answer: principle of sufficient reason

text: principle of sufficient reason

question: What does Popper believe is essential to do to theories instead of justification?

answer: eliminate errors

text: eliminate errors

question: What don't we need to look for about theories in Popper's view?

answer: good positive reasons

text: good positive reasons


text: The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base form of programming for TCM upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release (the rest of the library went to Turner Home Entertainment).

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: The

text: film

text: library

text: of

text: Turner

text: Entertainment

text: would

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: base

text: form

text: of

text: programming

text: for

text: TCM

text: upon

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: launch

text: Before

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Turner

text: Classic

text: Movies

text: films

text: from

text: Turner

text: 's

text: library

text: of

text: movies

text: aired

text: on

text: the

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: 's

text: advertiser

text: supported

text: cable

text: network

text: TNT

text: along

text: with

text: colorized

text: versions

text: of

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: classics

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Maltese

text: Falcon

text: After

text: the

text: library

text: was

text: acquired

text: MGM

text: UA

text: signed

text: a

text: deal

text: with

text: Turner

text: to

text: continue

text: distributing

text: the

text: pre

text: May

text: MGM

text: and

text: to

text: begin

text: distributing

text: the

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: film

text: libraries

text: for

text: video

text: release

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: library

text: went

text: to

text: Turner

text: Home

text: Entertainment

question: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of TCM?

answer: TNT

text: TNT

question: What was a notable film that Turner colorized?

answer: The Maltese Falcon

text: The Maltese Falcon

question: Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?

answer: MGM/UA

text: MGM/UA

question: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned MGM films released prior to what date?

answer: May 1986

text: May 1986


text: Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure. Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Both

text: intensive

text: and

text: free

text: range

text: farming

text: have

text: animal

text: welfare

text: concerns

text: In

text: intensive

text: systems

text: cannibalism

text: feather

text: pecking

text: and

text: vent

text: pecking

text: can

text: be

text: common

text: with

text: some

text: farmers

text: using

text: beak

text: trimming

text: as

text: a

text: preventative

text: measure

text: Diseases

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: common

text: and

text: spread

text: rapidly

text: through

text: the

text: flock

text: In

text: extensive

text: systems

text: the

text: birds

text: are

text: exposed

text: to

text: adverse

text: weather

text: conditions

text: and

text: are

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: predators

text: and

text: disease

text: carrying

text: wild

text: birds

text: Barn

text: systems

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: worst

text: bird

text: welfare

text: In

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: disease

text: control

text: in

text: free

text: range

text: farming

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: avian

text: influenza

question: What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs?

answer: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common

text: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common

question: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others?

answer: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure

text: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure

question: What are some of the major concerns with extensive breeding programs such as free range ?

answer: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.

text: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.

question: How is the spread of the avian flu related to the conditions in which chickens are kept?

answer: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

text: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

question: What is considered the most alarming setting for chickens to be raised in?

answer: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.

text: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.


text: A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States. The proletariat was often exploited, and found no legal protection or political recourse to redress injustices.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: A

text: handful

text: of

text: families

text: owned

text: large

text: estates

text: known

text: as

text: haciendas

text: and

text: controlled

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: across

text: the

text: state

text: while

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Chihuahuans

text: were

text: landless

text: The

text: state

text: economy

text: was

text: largely

text: defined

text: by

text: ranching

text: and

text: mining

text: At

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: working

text: class

text: the

text: Díaz

text: administration

text: promoted

text: economic

text: growth

text: by

text: encouraging

text: investment

text: from

text: foreign

text: companies

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: France

text: Imperial

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: proletariat

text: was

text: often

text: exploited

text: and

text: found

text: no

text: legal

text: protection

text: or

text: political

text: recourse

text: to

text: redress

text: injustices

question: The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.

answer: ranching and mining

text: ranching and mining

question: Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?

answer: working class

text: working class

question: What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?

answer: haciendas

text: haciendas

question: This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.

answer: proletariat

text: proletariat


text: International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists explain the high standard of living on the island. St. Barthélemy is considered a playground of the rich and famous,[citation needed] especially as a winter haven, and is known for its beaches, gourmet dining and high-end designers. Most of the food is imported by airplane or boat from the US or France. Tourism attracts about 200,000 visitors every year. As a result, there is a boom in house building activity catering to the tourists and also to the permanent residents of the island, with prices as high as €61,200,000 for a beachfront villa.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: International

text: investment

text: and

text: the

text: wealth

text: generated

text: by

text: wealthy

text: tourists

text: explain

text: the

text: high

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: St.

text: Barthélemy

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: playground

text: of

text: the

text: rich

text: and

text: famous,[citation

text: needed

text: especially

text: as

text: a

text: winter

text: haven

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: beaches

text: gourmet

text: dining

text: and

text: high

text: end

text: designers

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: food

text: is

text: imported

text: by

text: airplane

text: or

text: boat

text: from

text: the

text: US

text: or

text: France

text: Tourism

text: attracts

text: about

text: visitors

text: every

text: year

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: boom

text: in

text: house

text: building

text: activity

text: catering

text: to

text: the

text: tourists

text: and

text: also

text: to

text: the

text: permanent

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: prices

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: for

text: a

text: beachfront

text: villa

question: St. Barts is considered a playground for whom?

answer: the rich and famous

text: the rich and famous

question: How many tourists visit St. Barts each year?

answer: 200,000

question: What is the highest propoerty value recorded in St. Barts?

answer: €61,200,000

question: What besides investment is responsible for the high standard of living on the island?

answer: wealth generated by wealthy tourists

text: wealth generated by wealthy tourists

question: Besides boats how does St. Barts import most of its food?

answer: by airplane

text: by airplane


text: Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to allow NATO to use its land for a military base, in turn offering them foreign aid. Compromising, Malta's government continued allowing NATO use of the island, but only on the condition that they would not use it for launching attacks on Arab territory. Orchestrating a military build-up, the RCC began purchasing weapons from France and the Soviet Union. The commercial relationship with the latter led to an increasingly strained relationship with the U.S., who were then engaged in the Cold War with the Soviets.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Moving

text: to

text: reduce

text: Italian

text: influence

text: in

text: October

text: all

text: Italian

text: owned

text: assets

text: were

text: expropriated

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: community

text: expelled

text: from

text: Libya

text: alongside

text: a

text: smaller

text: number

text: of

text: Jews

text: The

text: day

text: became

text: a

text: national

text: holiday

text: Aiming

text: to

text: reduce

text: NATO

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: in

text: Libya

text: requested

text: that

text: Malta

text: cease

text: to

text: allow

text: NATO

text: to

text: use

text: its

text: land

text: for

text: a

text: military

text: base

text: in

text: turn

text: offering

text: them

text: foreign

text: aid

text: Compromising

text: Malta

text: 's

text: government

text: continued

text: allowing

text: NATO

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: but

text: only

text: on

text: the

text: condition

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: not

text: use

text: it

text: for

text: launching

text: attacks

text: on

text: Arab

text: territory

text: Orchestrating

text: a

text: military

text: build

text: up

text: the

text: RCC

text: began

text: purchasing

text: weapons

text: from

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: The

text: commercial

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: latter

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: increasingly

text: strained

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: who

text: were

text: then

text: engaged

text: in

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: with

text: the

text: Soviets

question: How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?

answer: 12,000

question: In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970?

answer: Jews

text: Jews

question: Who did the RCC buy military equipment from?

answer: France and the Soviet Union

text: France and the Soviet Union

question: Who were the adversaries of the Soviets during the Cold War?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: Who did Libya offer foreign aid to in 1971?

answer: Malta

text: Malta


text: Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Numerous

text: examples

text: show

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: opposite

text: direction

text: including

text: popular

text: songs

text: based

text: on

text: classical

text: music

text: the

text: use

text: to

text: which

text: Pachelbel

text: 's

text: Canon

text: has

text: been

text: put

text: since

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: musical

text: crossover

text: phenomenon

text: where

text: classical

text: musicians

text: have

text: achieved

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: popular

text: music

text: arena

text: In

text: heavy

text: metal

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: lead

text: guitarists

text: playing

text: electric

text: guitar

text: modeled

text: their

text: playing

text: styles

text: on

text: Baroque

text: or

text: Classical

text: era

text: instrumental

text: music

text: including

text: Ritchie

text: Blackmore

text: and

text: Randy

text: Rhoads

question: Pachelbel's Canon has influenced popular songs since what decade?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s

question: What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?

answer: the musical crossover phenomenon

text: the musical crossover phenomenon

question: Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style?

answer: heavy metal

text: heavy metal

question: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?

answer: electric guitar

text: electric guitar


text: In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown section. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for brotherly love (from philos, "love" or "friendship", and adelphos, "brother"). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local Native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, as they crowded by the Delaware River, the port, and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. It became an important trading center, poor at first, but with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: in

text: partial

text: repayment

text: of

text: a

text: debt

text: Charles

text: II

text: of

text: England

text: granted

text: William

text: Penn

text: a

text: charter

text: for

text: what

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: colony

text: Despite

text: the

text: royal

text: charter

text: Penn

text: bought

text: the

text: land

text: from

text: the

text: local

text: Lenape

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: good

text: terms

text: with

text: the

text: Native

text: Americans

text: and

text: ensure

text: peace

text: for

text: his

text: colony

text: Penn

text: made

text: a

text: treaty

text: of

text: friendship

text: with

text: Lenape

text: chief

text: Tammany

text: under

text: an

text: elm

text: tree

text: at

text: Shackamaxon

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Fishtown

text: section

text: Penn

text: named

text: the

text: city

text: Philadelphia

text: which

text: is

text: Greek

text: for

text: brotherly

text: love

text: from

text: philos

text: love

text: or

text: friendship

text: and

text: adelphos

text: brother

text: As

text: a

text: Quaker

text: Penn

text: had

text: experienced

text: religious

text: persecution

text: and

text: wanted

text: his

text: colony

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: place

text: where

text: anyone

text: could

text: worship

text: freely

text: This

text: tolerance

text: far

text: more

text: than

text: afforded

text: by

text: most

text: other

text: colonies

text: led

text: to

text: better

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: Native

text: tribes

text: and

text: fostered

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: rapid

text: growth

text: into

text: America

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: city

text: Penn

text: planned

text: a

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: Delaware

text: River

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: port

text: and

text: place

text: for

text: government

text: Hoping

text: that

text: Philadelphia

text: would

text: become

text: more

text: like

text: an

text: English

text: rural

text: town

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: city

text: Penn

text: laid

text: out

text: roads

text: on

text: a

text: grid

text: plan

text: to

text: keep

text: houses

text: and

text: businesses

text: spread

text: far

text: apart

text: with

text: areas

text: for

text: gardens

text: and

text: orchards

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: did

text: not

text: follow

text: Penn

text: 's

text: plans

text: as

text: they

text: crowded

text: by

text: the

text: Delaware

text: River

text: the

text: port

text: and

text: subdivided

text: and

text: resold

text: their

text: lots

text: Before

text: Penn

text: left

text: Philadelphia

text: for

text: the

text: last

text: time

text: he

text: issued

text: the

text: Charter

text: of

text: establishing

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: It

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: trading

text: center

text: poor

text: at

text: first

text: but

text: with

text: tolerable

text: living

text: conditions

text: by

text: the

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: a

text: leading

text: citizen

text: helped

text: improve

text: city

text: services

text: and

text: founded

text: new

text: ones

text: such

text: as

text: fire

text: protection

text: a

text: library

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: colonies

text: first

text: hospitals

question: Who founded the Pennsylvania colony?

answer: William Penn

text: William Penn

question: Who did Penn buy the land from?

answer: Lenape

text: Lenape

question: What religion did William Penn practice?

answer: Quaker

text: Quaker

question: When was Philadelphia established as a city?

answer: 1701

question: What type of street layout did Penn use for Philadelphia?

answer: grid plan

text: grid plan


text: The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Policy aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land, territorial waters, airspace and its constitutional order. Current strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, develop the armed forces for interoperability with other NATO and EU member forces, and participation in NATO missions.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: military

text: of

text: Estonia

text: is

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: Estonian

text: Defence

text: Forces

text: Estonian

text: Kaitsevägi

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: unified

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: republic

text: with

text: Maavägi

text: Army

text: Merevägi

text: Navy

text: Õhuvägi

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: a

text: paramilitary

text: national

text: guard

text: organisation

text: Kaitseliit

text: Defence

text: League

text: The

text: Estonian

text: National

text: Defence

text: Policy

text: aim

text: is

text: to

text: guarantee

text: the

text: preservation

text: of

text: the

text: independence

text: and

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: integrity

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territorial

text: waters

text: airspace

text: and

text: its

text: constitutional

text: order

text: Current

text: strategic

text: goals

text: are

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: interests

text: develop

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: for

text: interoperability

text: with

text: other

text: NATO

text: and

text: EU

text: member

text: forces

text: and

text: participation

text: in

text: NATO

text: missions

question: What is the name of Estonia's Army?

answer: Maavägi

text: Maavägi

question: What is the name of Estonia's Navy?

answer: Merevägi

text: Merevägi

question: What is the name of Estonia's Air Force?

answer: Õhuvägi

text: Õhuvägi

question: What name describes the combined body of all Estonia military?

answer: the Estonian Defence Forces

text: the Estonian Defence Forces


text: Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Some

text: types

text: of

text: residential

text: elevators

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: a

text: traditional

text: elevator

text: shaft

text: machine

text: room

text: and

text: elevator

text: hoistway

text: This

text: allows

text: an

text: elevator

text: to

text: be

text: installed

text: where

text: a

text: traditional

text: elevator

text: may

text: not

text: fit

text: and

text: simplifies

text: installation

text: The

text: ASME

text: board

text: first

text: approved

text: machine

text: room

text: less

text: systems

text: in

text: a

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: ASME

text: in

text: Machine

text: room

text: less

text: elevators

text: have

text: been

text: available

text: commercially

text: since

text: the

text: mid

text: however

text: cost

text: and

text: overall

text: size

text: prevented

text: their

text: adoption

text: to

text: the

text: residential

text: elevator

text: market

text: until

text: around

question: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?

answer: residential

text: residential

question: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?

answer: 2007

question: This decision reflected a revision of what?

answer: the ASME A17.1

text: the ASME A17.1

question: What benefits does this serve?

answer: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation

text: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation


text: In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs. After the kick is made, change of possession occurs and subsequent penalties are assessed against either the spot where the ball is caught, or the runback.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: the

text: non

text: penalized

text: team

text: will

text: have

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: declining

text: the

text: penalty

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: play

text: stand

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: penalty

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: called

text: One

text: notable

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: is

text: if

text: the

text: kicking

text: team

text: on

text: a

text: down

text: punt

text: play

text: is

text: penalized

text: before

text: the

text: kick

text: occurs

text: the

text: receiving

text: team

text: may

text: not

text: decline

text: the

text: penalty

text: and

text: take

text: over

text: on

text: downs

text: After

text: the

text: kick

text: is

text: made

text: change

text: of

text: possession

text: occurs

text: and

text: subsequent

text: penalties

text: are

text: assessed

text: against

text: either

text: the

text: spot

text: where

text: the

text: ball

text: is

text: caught

text: or

text: the

text: runback

question: Who can decline a penalty?

answer: the non-penalized team

text: the non-penalized team

question: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?

answer: 3rd down

text: 3rd down

question: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined?

answer: the previous play

text: the previous play

question: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?

answer: decline the penalty

text: decline the penalty


text: More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis. Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance, he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population. However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable. It was not until the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a model of heredity became completely integrated with a model of variation. This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: More

text: detail

text: was

text: given

text: in

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: on

text: The

text: Variation

text: of

text: Animals

text: and

text: Plants

text: under

text: Domestication

text: which

text: tried

text: to

text: explain

text: heredity

text: through

text: his

text: hypothesis

text: of

text: pangenesis

text: Although

text: Darwin

text: had

text: privately

text: questioned

text: blending

text: inheritance

text: he

text: struggled

text: with

text: the

text: theoretical

text: difficulty

text: that

text: novel

text: individual

text: variations

text: would

text: tend

text: to

text: blend

text: into

text: a

text: population

text: However

text: inherited

text: variation

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: and

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: selection

text: working

text: on

text: a

text: population

text: with

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: small

text: variations

text: was

text: workable

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: heredity

text: became

text: completely

text: integrated

text: with

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: variation

text: This

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: had

text: been

text: dubbed

text: Neo

text: Darwinian

text: Evolution

text: because

text: it

text: encompasses

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: theories

text: of

text: evolution

text: with

text: Gregor

text: Mendel

text: 's

text: theories

text: of

text: genetic

text: inheritance

question: When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published?

answer: 1868

question: What was the hypothesis that attempted to explain heredity?

answer: hypothesis of pangenesis.

text: hypothesis of pangenesis.

question: While Darwin wasn't sure about blending inherited traits, what was his opinion about utilizing inherited variation?

answer: Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable

text: Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable

question: When did a model of heredity begin to be integrated with that of variation?

answer: in the 1930s and 1940s

text: in the 1930s and 1940s

question: What was the modern evolutionary synthesis named?

answer: Neo Darwinian Evolution

text: Neo Darwinian Evolution