text: Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; Shabtai, 1882, the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4).

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: 's

text: secret

text: society

text: buildings

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: called

text: tombs

text: were

text: built

text: both

text: to

text: be

text: private

text: yet

text: unmistakable

text: A

text: diversity

text: of

text: architectural

text: styles

text: is

text: represented

text: Berzelius

text: Donn

text: Barber

text: in

text: an

text: austere

text: cube

text: with

text: classical

text: detailing

text: erected

text: in

text: or

text: Book

text: and

text: Snake

text: Louis

text: R.

text: Metcalfe

text: in

text: a

text: Greek

text: Ionic

text: style

text: erected

text: in

text: Elihu

text: architect

text: unknown

text: but

text: built

text: in

text: a

text: Colonial

text: style

text: constructed

text: on

text: an

text: early

text: century

text: foundation

text: although

text: the

text: building

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Mace

text: and

text: Chain

text: in

text: a

text: late

text: colonial

text: early

text: Victorian

text: style

text: built

text: in

text: Interior

text: moulding

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: belonged

text: to

text: Benedict

text: Arnold

text: Manuscript

text: Society

text: King

text: Lui

text: Wu

text: with

text: Dan

text: Kniley

text: responsible

text: for

text: landscaping

text: and

text: Josef

text: Albers

text: for

text: the

text: brickwork

text: intaglio

text: mural

text: Building

text: constructed

text: in

text: a

text: mid

text: century

text: modern

text: style

text: Scroll

text: and

text: Key

text: Richard

text: Morris

text: Hunt

text: in

text: a

text: Moorish-

text: or

text: Islamic

text: inspired

text: Beaux

text: Arts

text: style

text: erected

text: Skull

text: and

text: Bones

text: possibly

text: Alexander

text: Jackson

text: Davis

text: or

text: Henry

text: Austin

text: in

text: an

text: Egypto

text: Doric

text: style

text: utilizing

text: Brownstone

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: wing

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: wing

text: the

text: Neo

text: Gothic

text: towers

text: in

text: rear

text: garden

text: were

text: completed

text: St.

text: Elmo

text: former

text: tomb

text: Kenneth

text: M.

text: Murchison

text: designs

text: inspired

text: by

text: Elizabethan

text: manor

text: Current

text: location

text: brick

text: colonial

text: Shabtai

text: the

text: Anderson

text: Mansion

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Empire

text: architectural

text: style

text: and

text: Wolf

text: 's

text: Head

text: Bertram

text: Grosvenor

text: Goodhue

text: erected

question: What is another term for some of Yale's secret society buildings?

answer: tombs

text: tombs

question: Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?

answer: Benedict Arnold

text: Benedict Arnold

question: Who was responsible for landscaping the Manuscript Society building?

answer: Dan Kniley

text: Dan Kniley

question: Who was the architect for St. Elmo?

answer: Kenneth M. Murchison

text: Kenneth M. Murchison

question: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?

answer: King Lui-Wu

text: King Lui-Wu


text: In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters ... it is not in the public interest that any of their conversations or communications, or any documents or reproductions, concerning such advice be disclosed." This was an unprecedented step by Eisenhower to protect communication beyond the confines of a cabinet meeting, and soon became a tradition known as executive privilege. Ike's denial of McCarthy's access to his staff reduced McCarthy's hearings to rants about trivial matters, and contributed to his ultimate downfall.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: May

text: McCarthy

text: threatened

text: to

text: issue

text: subpoenas

text: to

text: White

text: House

text: personnel

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: furious

text: and

text: issued

text: an

text: order

text: as

text: follows

text: It

text: is

text: essential

text: to

text: efficient

text: and

text: effective

text: administration

text: that

text: employees

text: of

text: the

text: Executive

text: Branch

text: be

text: in

text: a

text: position

text: to

text: be

text: completely

text: candid

text: in

text: advising

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: on

text: official

text: matters

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: interest

text: that

text: any

text: of

text: their

text: conversations

text: or

text: communications

text: or

text: any

text: documents

text: or

text: reproductions

text: concerning

text: such

text: advice

text: be

text: disclosed

text: This

text: was

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: step

text: by

text: Eisenhower

text: to

text: protect

text: communication

text: beyond

text: the

text: confines

text: of

text: a

text: cabinet

text: meeting

text: and

text: soon

text: became

text: a

text: tradition

text: known

text: as

text: executive

text: privilege

text: Ike

text: 's

text: denial

text: of

text: McCarthy

text: 's

text: access

text: to

text: his

text: staff

text: reduced

text: McCarthy

text: 's

text: hearings

text: to

text: rants

text: about

text: trivial

text: matters

text: and

text: contributed

text: to

text: his

text: ultimate

text: downfall

question: What did McCarthy threaten to do in May of 1955?

answer: issue subpoenas to White House personnel

text: issue subpoenas to White House personnel

question: What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats?

answer: executive privilege

text: executive privilege

question: Eisenhower denied McCarthy access to the personnel of what branch of the federal government?

answer: Executive

text: Executive


text: The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: area

text: receives

text: about

text: millimetres

text: in

text: of

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: which

text: is

text: concentrated

text: from

text: June

text: through

text: September

text: October

text: with

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: precipitation

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: area

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: seasons

text: The

text: rainy

text: season

text: runs

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: October

text: when

text: winds

text: bring

text: in

text: tropical

text: moisture

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: The

text: dry

text: season

text: runs

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: May

text: when

text: the

text: air

text: is

text: relatively

text: drier

text: This

text: dry

text: season

text: subdivides

text: into

text: a

text: cold

text: period

text: and

text: a

text: warm

text: period

text: The

text: cold

text: period

text: spans

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: February

text: when

text: polar

text: air

text: masses

text: push

text: down

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: keep

text: the

text: air

text: fairly

text: dry

text: The

text: warm

text: period

text: extends

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: when

text: tropical

text: winds

text: again

text: dominate

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: yet

text: carry

text: enough

text: moisture

text: for

text: rain

question: How much rain falls on Mexico City?

answer: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)

text: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)

question: When is it warm, yet does not rain?

answer: March to May

text: March to May

question: When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City?

answer: June to October

text: June to October

question: When is it coldest in Mexico City?

answer: November to February

text: November to February

question: What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City?

answer: tropical winds

text: tropical winds


text: From 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964. The following year, Congress passed and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities in order to prevent the discrimination and disenfranchisement that had excluded most of them for decades from the political process.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: From

text: to

text: most

text: voters

text: were

text: registered

text: Democrats

text: but

text: the

text: state

text: voted

text: for

text: the

text: Republican

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: in

text: every

text: election

text: except

text: for

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Congress

text: passed

text: and

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: signed

text: the

text: Voting

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: providing

text: for

text: oversight

text: of

text: state

text: practices

text: and

text: enforcement

text: of

text: constitutional

text: voting

text: rights

text: for

text: African

text: Americans

text: and

text: other

text: minorities

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: discrimination

text: and

text: disenfranchisement

text: that

text: had

text: excluded

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: for

text: decades

text: from

text: the

text: political

text: process

question: Voter demographics of florida in the 1950's

answer: 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964

text: 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964

question: what did the voting rights act provide for

answer: Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities

text: Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities

question: what president signed the voting right act

answer: President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965

text: President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965


text: The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: eight

text: battleships

text: and

text: Americans

text: at

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: forced

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: its

text: remaining

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: which

text: won

text: a

text: major

text: victory

text: over

text: Japan

text: at

text: Midway

text: just

text: six

text: months

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: on

text: its

text: growing

text: submarine

text: fleet

text: The

text: Navy

text: and

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: followed

text: this

text: up

text: with

text: an

text: island

text: hopping

text: campaign

text: across

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: south

text: Pacific

text: in

text: reaching

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Okinawa

text: During

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: deployed

text: millions

text: of

text: men

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: planes

text: and

text: tanks

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: and

text: occupied

text: Europe

text: and

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Allied

text: invasions

text: of

text: occupied

text: North

text: Africa

text: in

text: November

text: Sicily

text: and

text: Italy

text: in

text: France

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Germany

text: in

text: parallel

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: invasion

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: That

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: in

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: Pacific

text: the

text: U.S.

text: experienced

text: much

text: success

text: in

text: naval

text: campaigns

text: during

text: but

text: bloody

text: battles

text: at

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: and

text: Okinawa

text: in

text: led

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: look

text: for

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: end

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: minimal

text: loss

text: of

text: American

text: lives

text: The

text: U.S.

text: used

text: atomic

text: bombs

text: on

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: Japanese

text: war

text: effort

text: and

text: to

text: shock

text: the

text: Japanese

text: leadership

text: which

text: quickly

text: caused

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: Japan

question: How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?

answer: 2,403

question: What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII?

answer: island hopping

text: island hopping

question: When did the Allies invade North Africa?

answer: 1942

question: Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs?

answer: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

text: Hiroshima and Nagasaki


text: Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as publicizing anti-piracy litigation successes and imposing forms of digital media copy protection, such as controversial DRM technology and anti-circumvention laws, which limit the amount of control consumers have over the use of products and content they have purchased.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Corporations

text: and

text: legislatures

text: take

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: preventative

text: measures

text: to

text: deter

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: focus

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: being

text: on

text: preventing

text: or

text: reducing

text: digital

text: methods

text: of

text: infringement

text: Strategies

text: include

text: education

text: civil

text: criminal

text: legislation

text: and

text: international

text: agreements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: publicizing

text: anti

text: piracy

text: litigation

text: successes

text: and

text: imposing

text: forms

text: of

text: digital

text: media

text: copy

text: protection

text: such

text: as

text: controversial

text: DRM

text: technology

text: and

text: anti

text: circumvention

text: laws

text: which

text: limit

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: control

text: consumers

text: have

text: over

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: products

text: and

text: content

text: they

text: have

text: purchased

question: Who takes different steps to prevent infringement?

answer: Corporations and legislatures

text: Corporations and legislatures

question: What is the major focus of these steps?

answer: preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement

text: preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement

question: What kinds of legislation are a strategy for preventing infringement?

answer: civil & criminal

text: civil & criminal

question: What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do?

answer: limit the amount of control consumers have

text: limit the amount of control consumers have


text: In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: In

text: Scherer

text: 's

text: components

text: processing

text: model

text: of

text: emotion

text: five

text: crucial

text: elements

text: of

text: emotion

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: exist

text: From

text: the

text: component

text: processing

text: perspective

text: emotion

text: experience

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: require

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: processes

text: become

text: coordinated

text: and

text: synchronized

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: driven

text: by

text: appraisal

text: processes

text: Although

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: cognitive

text: appraisal

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: is

text: slightly

text: controversial

text: since

text: some

text: theorists

text: make

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: emotion

text: and

text: cognition

text: are

text: separate

text: but

text: interacting

text: systems

text: the

text: component

text: processing

text: model

text: provides

text: a

text: sequence

text: of

text: events

text: that

text: effectively

text: describes

text: the

text: coordination

text: involved

text: during

text: an

text: emotional

text: episode

question: What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?

answer: components processing model

text: components processing model

question: How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?

answer: five

text: five

question: What processes drive the other components processing model processes?

answer: appraisal

text: appraisal


text: An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of "academic freedom". This is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988, 430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bologna's foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, drawing from all parts of the world.

title: University

title: University

text: An

text: important

text: idea

text: in

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: university

text: is

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: academic

text: freedom

text: The

text: first

text: documentary

text: evidence

text: of

text: this

text: comes

text: from

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: university

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Bologna

text: adopted

text: an

text: academic

text: charter

text: the

text: Constitutio

text: Habita

text: in

text: or

text: which

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: a

text: traveling

text: scholar

text: to

text: unhindered

text: passage

text: in

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: education

text: Today

text: this

text: is

text: claimed

text: as

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: academic

text: freedom

text: This

text: is

text: now

text: widely

text: recognised

text: internationally

text: on

text: September

text: university

text: rectors

text: signed

text: the

text: Magna

text: Charta

text: Universitatum

text: marking

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Bologna

text: 's

text: foundation

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: universities

text: signing

text: the

text: Magna

text: Charta

text: Universitatum

text: continues

text: to

text: grow

text: drawing

text: from

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university?

answer: academic freedom

text: academic freedom

question: What was the first university?

answer: University of Bologna

text: University of Bologna

question: What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university?

answer: the Constitutio Habita

text: the Constitutio Habita

question: What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed?

answer: unhindered passage in the interests of education

text: unhindered passage in the interests of education

question: On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed?

answer: 18 September 1988

text: 18 September 1988


text: The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmetz made an overzealous, unplanned move, leading the 1st Army south from his position on the Moselle. He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren, cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Spicheren

text: on

text: August

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: three

text: critical

text: French

text: defeats

text: Moltke

text: had

text: originally

text: planned

text: to

text: keep

text: Bazaine

text: 's

text: army

text: on

text: the

text: Saar

text: River

text: until

text: he

text: could

text: attack

text: it

text: with

text: the

text: Army

text: in

text: front

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: on

text: its

text: left

text: flank

text: while

text: the

text: Army

text: closed

text: towards

text: the

text: rear

text: The

text: aging

text: General

text: von

text: Steinmetz

text: made

text: an

text: overzealous

text: unplanned

text: move

text: leading

text: the

text: Army

text: south

text: from

text: his

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: Moselle

text: He

text: moved

text: straight

text: toward

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Spicheren

text: cutting

text: off

text: Prince

text: Frederick

text: Charles

text: from

text: his

text: forward

text: cavalry

text: units

text: in

text: the

text: process

question: Which battle was the second of three key French losses?

answer: Battle of Spicheren

text: Battle of Spicheren

question: On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place?

answer: 5 August

text: 5 August

question: Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river?

answer: the Saar River

text: the Saar River

question: Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?

answer: General von Steinmetz

text: General von Steinmetz

question: Which town was the site of General von Steinmetz's grave error?

answer: Spicheren

text: Spicheren


text: Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during Middle Ages. Two chronicles, one written by Leontios Machairas and the other by Georgios Voustronios, cover the entire Middle Ages until the end of Frankish rule (4th century–1489). Poèmes d'amour written in medieval Greek Cypriot date back from the 16th century. Some of them are actual translations of poems written by Petrarch, Bembo, Ariosto and G. Sannazzaro. Many Cypriot scholars fled Cyprus at troubled times such as Ioannis Kigalas (c. 1622–1687) who migrated from Cyprus to Italy in the 17th century, several of his works have survived in books of other scholars.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Epic

text: poetry

text: notably

text: the

text: acritic

text: songs

text: flourished

text: during

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Two

text: chronicles

text: one

text: written

text: by

text: Leontios

text: Machairas

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: by

text: Georgios

text: Voustronios

text: cover

text: the

text: entire

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Frankish

text: rule

text: Poèmes

text: d'amour

text: written

text: in

text: medieval

text: Greek

text: Cypriot

text: date

text: back

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Some

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: actual

text: translations

text: of

text: poems

text: written

text: by

text: Petrarch

text: Bembo

text: Ariosto

text: and

text: G.

text: Sannazzaro

text: Many

text: Cypriot

text: scholars

text: fled

text: Cyprus

text: at

text: troubled

text: times

text: such

text: as

text: Ioannis

text: Kigalas

text: c.

text: who

text: migrated

text: from

text: Cyprus

text: to

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: have

text: survived

text: in

text: books

text: of

text: other

text: scholars

question: What type of artistic form flourished at the time of the Middle Ages?

answer: Epic poetry

text: Epic poetry

question: What was the time period of Frankish rule?

answer: 4th century–1489

text: 4th century–1489

question: Who is one of the scholars that fled Cyprus during troubled times?

answer: Ioannis Kigalas

text: Ioannis Kigalas

question: Where did scholar Ioannis Kigalas flee to in the 17th century?

answer: Italy

text: Italy


text: The first USAF dress uniform, in 1947, was dubbed and patented "Uxbridge Blue" after "Uxbridge 1683 Blue", developed at the former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company. The current Service Dress Uniform, which was adopted in 1993 and standardized in 1995, consists of a three-button, pocketless coat, similar to that of a men's "sport jacket" (with silver "U.S." pins on the lapels, with a silver ring surrounding on those of enlisted members), matching trousers, and either a service cap or flight cap, all in Shade 1620, "Air Force Blue" (a darker purplish-blue). This is worn with a light blue shirt (Shade 1550) and Shade 1620 herringbone patterned necktie. Enlisted members wear sleeve insignia on both the jacket and shirt, while officers wear metal rank insignia pinned onto the coat, and Air Force Blue slide-on epaulet loops on the shirt. USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: first

text: USAF

text: dress

text: uniform

text: in

text: was

text: dubbed

text: and

text: patented

text: Uxbridge

text: Blue

text: after

text: Uxbridge

text: Blue

text: developed

text: at

text: the

text: former

text: Bachman

text: Uxbridge

text: Worsted

text: Company

text: The

text: current

text: Service

text: Dress

text: Uniform

text: which

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

text: and

text: standardized

text: in

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: three

text: button

text: pocketless

text: coat

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: men

text: 's

text: sport

text: jacket

text: with

text: silver

text: U.S.

text: pins

text: on

text: the

text: lapels

text: with

text: a

text: silver

text: ring

text: surrounding

text: on

text: those

text: of

text: enlisted

text: members

text: matching

text: trousers

text: and

text: either

text: a

text: service

text: cap

text: or

text: flight

text: cap

text: all

text: in

text: Shade

text: Air

text: Force

text: Blue

text: a

text: darker

text: purplish

text: blue

text: This

text: is

text: worn

text: with

text: a

text: light

text: blue

text: shirt

text: Shade

text: and

text: Shade

text: herringbone

text: patterned

text: necktie

text: Enlisted

text: members

text: wear

text: sleeve

text: insignia

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: jacket

text: and

text: shirt

text: while

text: officers

text: wear

text: metal

text: rank

text: insignia

text: pinned

text: onto

text: the

text: coat

text: and

text: Air

text: Force

text: Blue

text: slide

text: on

text: epaulet

text: loops

text: on

text: the

text: shirt

text: USAF

text: personnel

text: assigned

text: to

text: Base

text: Honor

text: Guard

text: duties

text: wear

text: for

text: certain

text: occasions

text: a

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: service

text: dress

text: uniform

text: but

text: with

text: silver

text: trim

text: on

text: the

text: sleeves

text: and

text: trousers

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: ceremonial

text: belt

text: if

text: necessary

text: wheel

text: cap

text: with

text: silver

text: trim

text: and

text: Hap

text: Arnold

text: Device

text: and

text: a

text: silver

text: aiguillette

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: shoulder

text: seam

text: and

text: all

text: devices

text: and

text: accoutrement

question: Where was the Uxbridge Blue dress uniform developed?

answer: former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company

text: former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company

question: When was the first USAF dress uniform introduced?

answer: 1947

question: When was the current USAF dress uniform standardized?

answer: 1995

question: Where does an officer in the USAF wear their rank insignia?

answer: pinned onto the coat

text: pinned onto the coat


text: There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: There

text: are

text: autonomous

text: Indian

text: Institutes

text: of

text: Technology

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: National

text: Institutes

text: of

text: Technology

text: which

text: are

text: Government

text: Institutions

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: these

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: Universities

text: which

text: offer

text: higher

text: technical

text: courses

text: The

text: Authority

text: over

text: technical

text: education

text: in

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: AICTE

question: How many private institutes of technology are there in India?

answer: 16

question: How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?

answer: 30

question: What organization oversees India's technical education institutions?

answer: AICTE

text: AICTE


text: In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the United States, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the petroleum-rich Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina. In Japan, the government and nationalists viewed these embargos as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy, let alone its military, would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists,[nb 10] began to refer to the embargoes as the "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch") encirclement" or "ABCD line".

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: discourage

text: Japanese

text: militarism

text: Western

text: powers

text: including

text: Australia

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: government

text: in

text: exile

text: which

text: controlled

text: the

text: petroleum

text: rich

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: stopped

text: selling

text: oil

text: iron

text: ore

text: and

text: steel

text: to

text: Japan

text: denying

text: it

text: the

text: raw

text: materials

text: needed

text: to

text: continue

text: its

text: activities

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: French

text: Indochina

text: In

text: Japan

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: nationalists

text: viewed

text: these

text: embargos

text: as

text: acts

text: of

text: aggression

text: imported

text: oil

text: made

text: up

text: about

text: of

text: domestic

text: consumption

text: without

text: which

text: Japan

text: 's

text: economy

text: let

text: alone

text: its

text: military

text: would

text: grind

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: The

text: Japanese

text: media

text: influenced

text: by

text: military

text: propagandists,[nb

text: began

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: embargoes

text: as

text: the

text: ABCD

text: American

text: British

text: Chinese

text: Dutch

text: encirclement

text: or

text: ABCD

text: line

question: What were these embargoes called by the Japanese media?

answer: "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch")

text: "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch")

question: What did The West do to disuade Japan in China and French Indochina?

answer: stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan

text: stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan

question: Why was denying supplies important to the western countries?

answer: denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities

text: denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities

question: Why did Western powers stop selling resources to Japan?

answer: to discourage Japanese militarism

text: to discourage Japanese militarism

question: How did Japan view Western embargos?

answer: as acts of aggression

text: as acts of aggression

question: What percent of oil made up Japan's domestic consumption?

answer: about 80%

text: about 80%

question: What did the Japanese media refer to the embargoes as?

answer: "ABCD line"

text: "ABCD line"


text: Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for ritual expiation. In 207 BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved "at least twenty days" of dedicated rites.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Prodigies

text: were

text: transgressions

text: in

text: the

text: natural

text: predictable

text: order

text: of

text: the

text: cosmos

text: signs

text: of

text: divine

text: anger

text: that

text: portended

text: conflict

text: and

text: misfortune

text: The

text: Senate

text: decided

text: whether

text: a

text: reported

text: prodigy

text: was

text: false

text: or

text: genuine

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: interest

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: it

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: priests

text: augurs

text: and

text: haruspices

text: for

text: ritual

text: expiation

text: In

text: BC

text: during

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Punic

text: Wars

text: worst

text: crises

text: the

text: Senate

text: dealt

text: with

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: number

text: of

text: confirmed

text: prodigies

text: whose

text: expiation

text: would

text: have

text: involved

text: at

text: least

text: twenty

text: days

text: of

text: dedicated

text: rites

question: What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans?

answer: Prodigies

text: Prodigies

question: Of what were prodigies predictors?

answer: conflict and misfortune

text: conflict and misfortune

question: What did prodigies show the Romans?

answer: divine anger

text: divine anger

question: What did the expiation of a prodigy impose?

answer: dedicated rites

text: dedicated rites

question: What group determined the truth of a prodigy?

answer: Senate

text: Senate


text: By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. That summer, the Bells had a vacation on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, spending time at the small village of Baddeck. Returning in 1886, Bell started building an estate on a point across from Baddeck, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. By 1889, a large house, christened The Lodge was completed and two years later, a larger complex of buildings, including a new laboratory, were begun that the Bells would name Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: beautiful mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands.[N 21] Bell also built the Bell Boatyard on the estate, employing up to 40 people building experimental craft as well as wartime lifeboats and workboats for the Royal Canadian Navy and pleasure craft for the Bell family. An enthusiastic boater, Bell and his family sailed or rowed a long series of vessels on Bras d'Or Lake, ordering additional vessels from the H.W. Embree and Sons boatyard in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. In his final, and some of his most productive years, Bell split his residency between Washington, D.C., where he and his family initially resided for most of the year, and at Beinn Bhreagh where they spent increasing amounts of time.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: By

text: a

text: new

text: summer

text: retreat

text: was

text: contemplated

text: That

text: summer

text: the

text: Bells

text: had

text: a

text: vacation

text: on

text: Cape

text: Breton

text: Island

text: in

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: spending

text: time

text: at

text: the

text: small

text: village

text: of

text: Baddeck

text: Returning

text: in

text: Bell

text: started

text: building

text: an

text: estate

text: on

text: a

text: point

text: across

text: from

text: Baddeck

text: overlooking

text: Bras

text: d'Or

text: Lake

text: By

text: a

text: large

text: house

text: christened

text: The

text: Lodge

text: was

text: completed

text: and

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: a

text: larger

text: complex

text: of

text: buildings

text: including

text: a

text: new

text: laboratory

text: were

text: begun

text: that

text: the

text: Bells

text: would

text: name

text: Beinn

text: Bhreagh

text: Gaelic

text: beautiful

text: mountain

text: after

text: Bell

text: 's

text: ancestral

text: Scottish

text: highlands.[N

text: Bell

text: also

text: built

text: the

text: Bell

text: Boatyard

text: on

text: the

text: estate

text: employing

text: up

text: to

text: people

text: building

text: experimental

text: craft

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: wartime

text: lifeboats

text: and

text: workboats

text: for

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Navy

text: and

text: pleasure

text: craft

text: for

text: the

text: Bell

text: family

text: An

text: enthusiastic

text: boater

text: Bell

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: sailed

text: or

text: rowed

text: a

text: long

text: series

text: of

text: vessels

text: on

text: Bras

text: d'Or

text: Lake

text: ordering

text: additional

text: vessels

text: from

text: the

text: H.W.

text: Embree

text: and

text: Sons

text: boatyard

text: in

text: Port

text: Hawkesbury

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: In

text: his

text: final

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: productive

text: years

text: Bell

text: split

text: his

text: residency

text: between

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: where

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: initially

text: resided

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: at

text: Beinn

text: Bhreagh

text: where

text: they

text: spent

text: increasing

text: amounts

text: of

text: time

question: What Island in Nova Scotia did the Bells go to in 1885?

answer: Breton Island

text: Breton Island

question: In 1886, what lake did Bell start building a house near?

answer: Bras d'Or

text: Bras d'Or

question: What did the Bells call the house completed in 1889?

answer: The Lodge

text: The Lodge

question: How many people worked for the Bell Boatyard?

answer: 40


text: During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: the

text: palace

text: then

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: King

text: George

text: V

text: and

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: escaped

text: unscathed

text: Its

text: more

text: valuable

text: contents

text: were

text: evacuated

text: to

text: Windsor

text: but

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: remained

text: in

text: situ

text: The

text: King

text: imposed

text: rationing

text: at

text: the

text: palace

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: dismay

text: of

text: his

text: guests

text: and

text: household

text: To

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: later

text: regret

text: David

text: Lloyd

text: George

text: persuaded

text: him

text: to

text: go

text: further

text: by

text: ostentatiously

text: locking

text: the

text: wine

text: cellars

text: and

text: refraining

text: from

text: alcohol

text: to

text: set

text: a

text: good

text: example

text: to

text: the

text: supposedly

text: inebriated

text: working

text: class

text: The

text: workers

text: continued

text: to

text: imbibe

text: and

text: the

text: King

text: was

text: left

text: unhappy

text: at

text: his

text: enforced

text: abstinence

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: pavilion

text: designed

text: by

text: Nash

text: as

text: a

text: conservatory

text: was

text: converted

text: into

text: a

text: swimming

text: pool

question: Who lived at Buckingham Palace during WWI?

answer: King George V and Queen Mary

text: King George V and Queen Mary

question: Where were valuable items from Buckingham Palace taken during WWI?

answer: Windsor

text: Windsor

question: The king refrained from doing what during the war?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: In what year was the north-west pavilion turned into a swimming pool?

answer: 1938

question: Who persuaded the king to lock the wine cellars during WWI?

answer: David Lloyd George

text: David Lloyd George

question: Buckingham Palace was untouched during which war?

answer: World War I

text: World War I

question: Where were valuables evacuated to during the war?

answer: Windsor

text: Windsor

question: What did the King give up during the war?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: Who convinced the king to lock the wine cellars?

answer: David Lloyd George

text: David Lloyd George

question: What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938?

answer: swimming pool

text: swimming pool


text: Since Israel's capture of these territories, Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them. Israel has applied civilian law to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem and granted their inhabitants permanent residency status and the ability to apply for citizenship. The West Bank, outside of the Israeli settlements within the territory, has remained under direct military rule, and Palestinians in this area cannot become Israeli citizens. Israel withdrew its military forces and dismantled the Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip as part of its disengagement from Gaza though it continues to maintain control of its airspace and waters. The UN Security Council has declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be "null and void" and continues to view the territories as occupied. The International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, asserted, in its 2004 advisory opinion on the legality of the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War, including East Jerusalem, are occupied territory.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Since

text: Israel

text: 's

text: capture

text: of

text: these

text: territories

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: and

text: military

text: installations

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: within

text: each

text: of

text: them

text: Israel

text: has

text: applied

text: civilian

text: law

text: to

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: and

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: granted

text: their

text: inhabitants

text: permanent

text: residency

text: status

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: apply

text: for

text: citizenship

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: within

text: the

text: territory

text: has

text: remained

text: under

text: direct

text: military

text: rule

text: and

text: Palestinians

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: can

text: not

text: become

text: Israeli

text: citizens

text: Israel

text: withdrew

text: its

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: dismantled

text: the

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: disengagement

text: from

text: Gaza

text: though

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: maintain

text: control

text: of

text: its

text: airspace

text: and

text: waters

text: The

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: has

text: declared

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: and

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: to

text: be

text: and

text: void

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: view

text: the

text: territories

text: as

text: occupied

text: The

text: International

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: principal

text: judicial

text: organ

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: asserted

text: in

text: its

text: advisory

text: opinion

text: on

text: the

text: legality

text: of

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: West

text: Bank

text: barrier

text: that

text: the

text: lands

text: captured

text: by

text: Israel

text: in

text: the

text: Six

text: Day

text: War

text: including

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: are

text: occupied

text: territory

question: Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?

answer: UN Security Council

text: UN Security Council

question: What was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War?

answer: Israeli West Bank

text: Israeli West Bank

question: Where did Israel withdraw and disband its military forces?

answer: Gaza Strip

text: Gaza Strip


text: Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may have their surfaces polished by calendering. Coated papers are divided into matte, semi-matte or silk, and gloss. Gloss papers give the highest optical density in the printed image.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Paper

text: at

text: this

text: point

text: is

text: uncoated

text: Coated

text: paper

text: has

text: a

text: thin

text: layer

text: of

text: material

text: such

text: as

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: or

text: china

text: clay

text: applied

text: to

text: one

text: or

text: both

text: sides

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: surface

text: more

text: suitable

text: for

text: high

text: resolution

text: halftone

text: screens

text: Uncoated

text: papers

text: are

text: rarely

text: suitable

text: for

text: screens

text: above

text: lpi

text: Coated

text: or

text: uncoated

text: papers

text: may

text: have

text: their

text: surfaces

text: polished

text: by

text: calendering

text: Coated

text: papers

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: matte

text: semi

text: matte

text: or

text: silk

text: and

text: gloss

text: Gloss

text: papers

text: give

text: the

text: highest

text: optical

text: density

text: in

text: the

text: printed

text: image

question: Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?

answer: china clay

text: china clay

question: What process is done to polish the surface of the paper?

answer: calendering

text: calendering

question: What is the shiniest type of coated paper?

answer: Gloss

text: Gloss

question: What papers give the best optical density?

answer: Gloss

text: Gloss


text: Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws have not been updated to conform with this decision. In the American legal system, unconstitutional laws do not need to be repealed; instead, they are held to be unenforceable. (See also List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States)

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Sixteen

text: was

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: minimum

text: permissible

text: age

text: in

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decision

text: of

text: Thompson

text: v.

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: Court

text: considering

text: the

text: case

text: Roper

text: v.

text: Simmons

text: in

text: March

text: found

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: juvenile

text: offenders

text: unconstitutional

text: by

text: a

text: margin

text: effectively

text: raising

text: the

text: minimum

text: permissible

text: age

text: to

text: State

text: laws

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: conform

text: with

text: this

text: decision

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: legal

text: system

text: unconstitutional

text: laws

text: do

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: repealed

text: instead

text: they

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: unenforceable

text: See

text: also

text: List

text: of

text: juvenile

text: offenders

text: executed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed?

answer: Sixteen

text: Sixteen

question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?

answer: 1988

question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided?

answer: March 2005

text: March 2005

question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional?

answer: 5

question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States?

answer: 18


text: As of the 2000 census other Christian minority communities include Neo-Pietism (0.44%), Pentecostalism (0.28%, mostly incorporated in the Schweizer Pfingstmission), Methodism (0.13%), the New Apostolic Church (0.45%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.28%), other Protestant denominations (0.20%), the Old Catholic Church (0.18%), other Christian denominations (0.20%). Non-Christian religions are Hinduism (0.38%), Buddhism (0.29%), Judaism (0.25%) and others (0.11%); 4.3% did not make a statement. 21.4% in 2012 declared themselves as unchurched i.e. not affiliated with any church or other religious body (Agnostic, Atheist, or just not related to any official religion).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: other

text: Christian

text: minority

text: communities

text: include

text: Neo

text: Pietism

text: Pentecostalism

text: mostly

text: incorporated

text: in

text: the

text: Schweizer

text: Pfingstmission

text: Methodism

text: the

text: New

text: Apostolic

text: Church

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: other

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: the

text: Old

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: other

text: Christian

text: denominations

text: Non

text: Christian

text: religions

text: are

text: Hinduism

text: Buddhism

text: Judaism

text: and

text: others

text: did

text: not

text: make

text: a

text: statement

text: in

text: declared

text: themselves

text: as

text: unchurched

text: i.e.

text: not

text: affiliated

text: with

text: any

text: church

text: or

text: other

text: religious

text: body

text: Agnostic

text: Atheist

text: or

text: just

text: not

text: related

text: to

text: any

text: official

text: religion

question: What percentage of Swiss people claimed no church affiliation in 2012?

answer: 21.4%

question: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are pentecostal?

answer: 0.28%

question: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are Jehova's Witnesses?

answer: 0.28%

question: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are Buddhists?

answer: 0.29%


text: A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large tooltip displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the Aero Glass theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: A

text: vertical

text: toolbar

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: charms

text: accessed

text: by

text: swiping

text: from

text: the

text: right

text: edge

text: of

text: a

text: touchscreen

text: or

text: pointing

text: the

text: cursor

text: at

text: hotspots

text: in

text: the

text: right

text: corners

text: of

text: a

text: screen

text: provides

text: access

text: to

text: system

text: and

text: app

text: related

text: functions

text: such

text: as

text: search

text: sharing

text: device

text: management

text: settings

text: and

text: a

text: Start

text: button

text: The

text: traditional

text: desktop

text: environment

text: for

text: running

text: desktop

text: applications

text: is

text: accessed

text: via

text: a

text: tile

text: on

text: the

text: Start

text: screen

text: The

text: Start

text: button

text: on

text: the

text: taskbar

text: from

text: previous

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: has

text: been

text: converted

text: into

text: a

text: hotspot

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: left

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: screen

text: which

text: displays

text: a

text: large

text: tooltip

text: displaying

text: a

text: thumbnail

text: of

text: the

text: Start

text: screen

text: Swiping

text: from

text: the

text: left

text: edge

text: of

text: a

text: touchscreen

text: or

text: clicking

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: left

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: screen

text: allows

text: one

text: to

text: switch

text: between

text: apps

text: and

text: Desktop

text: Pointing

text: the

text: cursor

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: left

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: screen

text: and

text: moving

text: down

text: reveals

text: a

text: thumbnail

text: list

text: of

text: active

text: apps

text: Aside

text: from

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: Start

text: button

text: and

text: the

text: replacement

text: of

text: the

text: Aero

text: Glass

text: theme

text: with

text: a

text: flatter

text: and

text: solid

text: colored

text: design

text: the

text: desktop

text: interface

text: on

text: Windows

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Windows

question: What is charms?

answer: A vertical toolbar

text: A vertical toolbar

question: What is the purpose of charms?

answer: provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button

text: provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button

question: How is an active list of apps accessed?

answer: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down

text: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down

question: What does swiping from the left edge of the screen do?

answer: allows one to switch between apps and Desktop

text: allows one to switch between apps and Desktop

question: How is the traditional desktop evironment opened?

answer: via a tile on the Start screen

text: via a tile on the Start screen


text: Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human principles – a secular Religion of Humanity (which worshiped the dead, since most humans who have ever lived are dead), complete with holidays and liturgy, modeled on the rituals of what was seen as a discredited and dilapidated Catholicism. Although Comte's English followers, like Eliot and Martineau, for the most part rejected the full gloomy panoply of his system, they liked the idea of a religion of humanity. Comte's austere vision of the universe, his injunction to "vivre pour altrui" ("live for others", from which comes the word "altruism"), and his idealisation of women inform the works of Victorian novelists and poets from George Eliot and Matthew Arnold to Thomas Hardy.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Eliot

text: and

text: her

text: circle

text: who

text: included

text: her

text: companion

text: George

text: Henry

text: Lewes

text: the

text: biographer

text: of

text: Goethe

text: and

text: the

text: abolitionist

text: and

text: social

text: theorist

text: Harriet

text: Martineau

text: were

text: much

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: positivism

text: of

text: Auguste

text: Comte

text: whom

text: Martineau

text: had

text: translated

text: Comte

text: had

text: proposed

text: an

text: atheistic

text: culte

text: founded

text: on

text: human

text: principles

text: a

text: secular

text: Religion

text: of

text: Humanity

text: which

text: worshiped

text: the

text: dead

text: since

text: most

text: humans

text: who

text: have

text: ever

text: lived

text: are

text: dead

text: complete

text: with

text: holidays

text: and

text: liturgy

text: modeled

text: on

text: the

text: rituals

text: of

text: what

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: discredited

text: and

text: dilapidated

text: Catholicism

text: Although

text: Comte

text: 's

text: English

text: followers

text: like

text: Eliot

text: and

text: Martineau

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: rejected

text: the

text: full

text: gloomy

text: panoply

text: of

text: his

text: system

text: they

text: liked

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: religion

text: of

text: humanity

text: Comte

text: 's

text: austere

text: vision

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: his

text: injunction

text: to

text: vivre

text: pour

text: altrui

text: live

text: for

text: others

text: from

text: which

text: comes

text: the

text: word

text: altruism

text: and

text: his

text: idealisation

text: of

text: women

text: inform

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Victorian

text: novelists

text: and

text: poets

text: from

text: George

text: Eliot

text: and

text: Matthew

text: Arnold

text: to

text: Thomas

text: Hardy

question: What abolitionist was greatly affected by the writings of Comte?

answer: Harriet Martineau

text: Harriet Martineau

question: What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism?

answer: atheistic

text: atheistic

question: What main idea did the English believers of Comte's philosophy take from his writings?

answer: religion of humanity

text: religion of humanity

question: What currently used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?

answer: altruism

text: altruism


text: Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Soteriologically

text: most

text: Methodists

text: are

text: Arminian

text: emphasizing

text: that

text: Christ

text: accomplished

text: salvation

text: for

text: every

text: human

text: being

text: and

text: that

text: humans

text: must

text: exercise

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: will

text: to

text: receive

text: it

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: Calvinist

text: doctrine

text: of

text: monergism

text: Methodism

text: is

text: traditionally

text: low

text: church

text: in

text: liturgy

text: although

text: this

text: varies

text: greatly

text: between

text: individual

text: congregations

text: the

text: Wesleys

text: themselves

text: greatly

text: valued

text: the

text: Anglican

text: liturgy

text: and

text: tradition

text: Methodism

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: rich

text: musical

text: tradition

text: John

text: Wesley

text: 's

text: brother

text: Charles

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: writing

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: hymnody

text: of

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: eminent

text: hymn

text: writers

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Methodist

text: tradition

question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes?

answer: its rich musical tradition

text: its rich musical tradition

question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom?

answer: every human being

text: every human being

question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation?

answer: exercise an act of the will

text: exercise an act of the will

question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?

answer: John Wesley's brother, Charles

text: John Wesley's brother, Charles

question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?

answer: monergism

text: monergism


text: Most bacteria have a single circular chromosome that can range in size from only 160,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, to 12,200,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacteria Sorangium cellulosum. Spirochaetes of the genus Borrelia are a notable exception to this arrangement, with bacteria such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease, containing a single linear chromosome. The genes in bacterial genomes are usually a single continuous stretch of DNA and although several different types of introns do exist in bacteria, these are much rarer than in eukaryotes.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Most

text: bacteria

text: have

text: a

text: single

text: circular

text: chromosome

text: that

text: can

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: only

text: base

text: pairs

text: in

text: the

text: endosymbiotic

text: bacteria

text: Candidatus

text: Carsonella

text: ruddii

text: to

text: base

text: pairs

text: in

text: the

text: soil

text: dwelling

text: bacteria

text: Sorangium

text: cellulosum

text: Spirochaetes

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Borrelia

text: are

text: a

text: notable

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: arrangement

text: with

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Borrelia

text: burgdorferi

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: Lyme

text: disease

text: containing

text: a

text: single

text: linear

text: chromosome

text: The

text: genes

text: in

text: bacterial

text: genomes

text: are

text: usually

text: a

text: single

text: continuous

text: stretch

text: of

text: DNA

text: and

text: although

text: several

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: introns

text: do

text: exist

text: in

text: bacteria

text: these

text: are

text: much

text: rarer

text: than

text: in

text: eukaryotes

question: What shape is chromosome of bacteria?

answer: circular chromosome

text: circular chromosome

question: What bacteria is an exception to single circular chromosome rule?

answer: Spirochaetes of the genus Borrelia

text: Spirochaetes of the genus Borrelia

question: What bacteria is responsible for Lyme disease?

answer: Borrelia burgdorferi

text: Borrelia burgdorferi

question: How does chromosome of Borrelia burgdoferi look like?

answer: single linear chromosome

text: single linear chromosome


text: In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide. The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: judgement

text: the

text: ECHR

text: reviewed

text: the

text: judgements

text: of

text: several

text: international

text: and

text: municipal

text: courts

text: judgements

text: It

text: noted

text: that

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Tribunal

text: for

text: the

text: Former

text: Yugoslavia

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: had

text: agreed

text: with

text: the

text: narrow

text: interpretation

text: that

text: biological

text: physical

text: destruction

text: was

text: necessary

text: for

text: an

text: act

text: to

text: qualify

text: as

text: genocide

text: The

text: ECHR

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: judgement

text: apart

text: from

text: courts

text: in

text: Germany

text: which

text: had

text: taken

text: a

text: broad

text: view

text: that

text: there

text: had

text: been

text: few

text: cases

text: of

text: genocide

text: under

text: other

text: Convention

text: States

text: municipal

text: laws

text: and

text: that

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: reported

text: cases

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: courts

text: of

text: these

text: States

text: have

text: defined

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: group

text: destruction

text: the

text: perpetrator

text: must

text: have

text: intended

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: genocide

question: Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide?

answer: that biological-physical destruction was necessary

text: that biological-physical destruction was necessary

question: A definition of what, by the States, was necessary to preserve and expand genocidal law?

answer: the type of group destruction

text: the type of group destruction

question: Which country's courts were noted by the ECHR for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: The ECHR found most states to have largely undefined definitions of group destruction, despite what factor?

answer: Convention States municipal laws

text: Convention States municipal laws

question: In its preparations, what was the source of other considerations by the ECHR?

answer: the judgements of several international and municipal courts

text: the judgements of several international and municipal courts


text: At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition platform. In 2008, Gates and president of Entertainment & Devices Robbie Bach announced a partnership with BT in the United Kingdom, in which the BT Vision advanced TV service, using the newer Microsoft Mediaroom IPTV platform, would be accessible via Xbox 360, planned for the middle of the year. BT Vision's DVR-based features would not be available on Xbox 360 due to limited hard drive capacity. In 2010, while announcing version 2.0 of Microsoft Mediaroom, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer mentioned that AT&T's U-verse IPTV service would enable Xbox 360s to be used as set-top boxes later in the year. As of January 2010, IPTV on Xbox 360 has yet to be deployed beyond limited trials.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: At

text: the

text: and

text: Consumer

text: Electronics

text: Shows

text: Microsoft

text: had

text: announced

text: that

text: IPTV

text: services

text: would

text: soon

text: be

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: use

text: through

text: the

text: Xbox

text: In

text: Microsoft

text: chairman

text: Bill

text: Gates

text: stated

text: that

text: IPTV

text: on

text: Xbox

text: was

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: available

text: to

text: consumers

text: by

text: the

text: holiday

text: season

text: using

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: TV

text: IPTV

text: Edition

text: platform

text: In

text: Gates

text: and

text: president

text: of

text: Entertainment

text: Devices

text: Robbie

text: Bach

text: announced

text: a

text: partnership

text: with

text: BT

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: BT

text: Vision

text: advanced

text: TV

text: service

text: using

text: the

text: newer

text: Microsoft

text: Mediaroom

text: IPTV

text: platform

text: would

text: be

text: accessible

text: via

text: Xbox

text: planned

text: for

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: BT

text: Vision

text: 's

text: DVR

text: based

text: features

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: available

text: on

text: Xbox

text: due

text: to

text: limited

text: hard

text: drive

text: capacity

text: In

text: while

text: announcing

text: version

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: Mediaroom

text: Microsoft

text: CEO

text: Steve

text: Ballmer

text: mentioned

text: that

text: AT&T

text: 's

text: U

text: verse

text: IPTV

text: service

text: would

text: enable

text: Xbox

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: set

text: top

text: boxes

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: As

text: of

text: January

text: IPTV

text: on

text: Xbox

text: has

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: deployed

text: beyond

text: limited

text: trials

question: At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360?

answer: Consumer Electronics Shows

text: Consumer Electronics Shows

question: Which Microsoft executive announced IPTV as "soon" in 2007?

answer: Bill Gates

text: Bill Gates

question: Who was Microsoft's president of Entertainment & Devices in 2008?

answer: Robbie Bach

text: Robbie Bach

question: What UK company did Microsoft partner with to bring IPTV to the 360?

answer: BT

text: BT

question: What Microsoft executive announced the launch of version 2.0 of Mediaroom?

answer: Steve Ballmer

text: Steve Ballmer


text: Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently only for large integrated circuits). It has solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads. Because they are smaller and have shorter interconnections, SMDs have better high-frequency characteristics but lower power rating.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: Discrete

text: transistors

text: are

text: individually

text: packaged

text: transistors

text: Transistors

text: come

text: in

text: many

text: different

text: semiconductor

text: packages

text: see

text: image

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: categories

text: are

text: through

text: hole

text: or

text: leaded

text: and

text: surface

text: mount

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: surface

text: mount

text: device

text: SMD

text: The

text: ball

text: grid

text: array

text: BGA

text: is

text: the

text: latest

text: surface

text: mount

text: package

text: currently

text: only

text: for

text: large

text: integrated

text: circuits

text: It

text: has

text: solder

text: balls

text: on

text: the

text: underside

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: leads

text: Because

text: they

text: are

text: smaller

text: and

text: have

text: shorter

text: interconnections

text: SMDs

text: have

text: better

text: high

text: frequency

text: characteristics

text: but

text: lower

text: power

text: rating

question: What is a discrete transistor?

answer: individually packaged transistors

text: individually packaged transistors

question: What are the two most common types of transistor?

answer: through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount

text: through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount

question: What is the newest surface-mount transistor?

answer: ball grid array (BGA)

text: ball grid array (BGA)

question: What is another name for the surface-mount transistor?

answer: surface-mount device (SMD)

text: surface-mount device (SMD)

question: What is a ball grid array composed of?

answer: solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads

text: solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads


text: The Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople were considered by the Ottoman governments as the ruling authorities of the entire Orthodox Christian population of the Ottoman Empire, whether ethnically Greek or not. Although the Ottoman state did not force non-Muslims to convert to Islam, Christians faced several types of discrimination intended to highlight their inferior status in the Ottoman Empire. Discrimination against Christians, particularly when combined with harsh treatment by local Ottoman authorities, led to conversions to Islam, if only superficially. In the 19th century, many "crypto-Christians" returned to their old religious allegiance.[page needed]

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Ecumenical

text: Patriarchate

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: were

text: considered

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: governments

text: as

text: the

text: ruling

text: authorities

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Orthodox

text: Christian

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: whether

text: ethnically

text: Greek

text: or

text: not

text: Although

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: did

text: not

text: force

text: non

text: Muslims

text: to

text: convert

text: to

text: Islam

text: Christians

text: faced

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: discrimination

text: intended

text: to

text: highlight

text: their

text: inferior

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Discrimination

text: against

text: Christians

text: particularly

text: when

text: combined

text: with

text: harsh

text: treatment

text: by

text: local

text: Ottoman

text: authorities

text: led

text: to

text: conversions

text: to

text: Islam

text: if

text: only

text: superficially

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: crypto

text: Christians

text: returned

text: to

text: their

text: old

text: religious

text: allegiance.[page

text: needed

question: Due to discrimination, some Christians converted to what religion?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: What is the name of one of the churches that ruled over the Christian population?

answer: Greek Orthodox Church

text: Greek Orthodox Church

question: Which empire thought that Christians were inferior?

answer: Ottoman Empire

text: Ottoman Empire


text: Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a "prolific goal setter" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of successful business ventures and investments.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: highly

text: successful

text: business

text: career

text: Following

text: his

text: move

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Schwarzenegger

text: became

text: a

text: prolific

text: goal

text: setter

text: and

text: would

text: write

text: his

text: objectives

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: on

text: index

text: cards

text: like

text: starting

text: a

text: mail

text: order

text: business

text: or

text: buying

text: a

text: new

text: car

text: and

text: succeed

text: in

text: doing

text: so

text: By

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: a

text: millionaire

text: well

text: before

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: His

text: financial

text: independence

text: came

text: from

text: his

text: success

text: as

text: a

text: budding

text: entrepreneur

text: with

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: successful

text: business

text: ventures

text: and

text: investments

question: Where would Schwarzenegger write down his goals?

answer: index cards

text: index cards

question: Schwarzenegger became a millionaire by what age?

answer: 30


text: One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or "MOR") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: One

text: big

text: impetus

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: AC

text: radio

text: format

text: was

text: that

text: when

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: music

text: first

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: many

text: more

text: conservative

text: radio

text: stations

text: wanted

text: to

text: continue

text: to

text: play

text: current

text: hit

text: songs

text: while

text: shying

text: away

text: from

text: rock

text: These

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: road

text: or

text: MOR

text: stations

text: also

text: frequently

text: included

text: older

text: pre

text: rock

text: era

text: adult

text: standards

text: and

text: big

text: band

text: titles

text: to

text: further

text: appeal

text: to

text: adult

text: listeners

text: who

text: had

text: grown

text: up

text: with

text: those

text: songs

question: During what decade did rock and roll music first rise to popularity?

answer: 1950s

question: What does the acronym MOR stand for?

answer: middle of the road

text: middle of the road

question: Along with pre-rock standards, what type of older songs did MOR stations play?

answer: big band titles

text: big band titles


text: The Houses of Parliament in London by Sir Charles Barry with interiors by a major exponent of the early Gothic Revival, Augustus Welby Pugin, is an example of the Gothic revival style from its earlier period in the second quarter of the 19th century. Examples from the High Victorian Gothic period include George Gilbert Scott's design for the Albert Memorial in London, and William Butterfield's chapel at Keble College, Oxford. From the second half of the 19th century onwards it became more common in Britain for neo-Gothic to be used in the design of non-ecclesiastical and non-governmental buildings types. Gothic details even began to appear in working-class housing schemes subsidised by philanthropy, though given the expense, less frequently than in the design of upper and middle-class housing.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: Houses

text: of

text: Parliament

text: in

text: London

text: by

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Barry

text: with

text: interiors

text: by

text: a

text: major

text: exponent

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Gothic

text: Revival

text: Augustus

text: Welby

text: Pugin

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: Gothic

text: revival

text: style

text: from

text: its

text: earlier

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Examples

text: from

text: the

text: High

text: Victorian

text: Gothic

text: period

text: include

text: George

text: Gilbert

text: Scott

text: 's

text: design

text: for

text: the

text: Albert

text: Memorial

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: William

text: Butterfield

text: 's

text: chapel

text: at

text: Keble

text: College

text: Oxford

text: From

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: it

text: became

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: Britain

text: for

text: neo

text: Gothic

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: non

text: ecclesiastical

text: and

text: non

text: governmental

text: buildings

text: types

text: Gothic

text: details

text: even

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: working

text: class

text: housing

text: schemes

text: subsidised

text: by

text: philanthropy

text: though

text: given

text: the

text: expense

text: less

text: frequently

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: class

text: housing

question: Who was the exterior architect of the Houses of Parliament?

answer: Sir Charles Barry

text: Sir Charles Barry

question: Who was the interior architect of the Houses of Parliament?

answer: Augustus Welby Pugin

text: Augustus Welby Pugin

question: What style of architecture does the Houses of Parliament exemplify?

answer: the Gothic revival style

text: the Gothic revival style

question: Who designed the Albert Memorial in London?

answer: George Gilbert Scott

text: George Gilbert Scott

question: Who designed the chapel at Keble College, Oxford?

answer: William Butterfield

text: William Butterfield


text: Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: distrusted

text: the

text: Parisians

text: and

text: moved

text: his

text: court

text: to

text: Versailles

text: in

text: but

text: his

text: reign

text: also

text: saw

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: flourishing

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: in

text: Paris

text: The

text: Comédie

text: Française

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Painting

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: were

text: founded

text: and

text: made

text: their

text: headquarters

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: To

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: safe

text: against

text: attack

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: city

text: walls

text: demolished

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: Grands

text: Boulevards

text: To

text: leave

text: monuments

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: he

text: built

text: the

text: Collège

text: des

text: Quatre

text: Nations

text: Place

text: Vendôme

text: Place

text: des

text: Victoires

text: and

text: began

text: Les

text: Invalides

question: In what year did Louis XIV move his court to Versailles?

answer: 1682

question: What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed?

answer: Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

text: Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

question: What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls?

answer: To show that the city was safe against attack

text: To show that the city was safe against attack

question: In what city was the French Academy of Science founded

answer: Paris

text: Paris


text: If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work, it may be "Sent Up For Good", storing the effort in the College Archives for posterity. This award has been around since the 18th century. As Sending Up For Good is fairly infrequent, the process is rather mysterious to many of Eton's boys. First, the master wishing to Send Up For Good must gain the permission of the relevant Head of Department. Upon receiving his or her approval, the piece of work will be marked with Sent Up For Good and the student will receive a card to be signed by House Master, tutor and division master.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: If

text: any

text: boy

text: produces

text: an

text: outstanding

text: piece

text: of

text: work

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: Sent

text: Up

text: For

text: Good

text: storing

text: the

text: effort

text: in

text: the

text: College

text: Archives

text: for

text: posterity

text: This

text: award

text: has

text: been

text: around

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: As

text: Sending

text: Up

text: For

text: Good

text: is

text: fairly

text: infrequent

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: rather

text: mysterious

text: to

text: many

text: of

text: Eton

text: 's

text: boys

text: First

text: the

text: master

text: wishing

text: to

text: Send

text: Up

text: For

text: Good

text: must

text: gain

text: the

text: permission

text: of

text: the

text: relevant

text: Head

text: of

text: Department

text: Upon

text: receiving

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: approval

text: the

text: piece

text: of

text: work

text: will

text: be

text: marked

text: with

text: Sent

text: Up

text: For

text: Good

text: and

text: the

text: student

text: will

text: receive

text: a

text: card

text: to

text: be

text: signed

text: by

text: House

text: Master

text: tutor

text: and

text: division

text: master

question: What action results in something being "Sent Up For Good?"

answer: If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work

text: If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work

question: What does a student receive when work is Sent Up For Good?

answer: a card

text: a card

question: When a student has work Sent Up For Good, who signs the card that they receive?

answer: House Master, tutor and division master

text: House Master, tutor and division master

question: Where is work that has been Sent Up For Good stored?

answer: College Archives

text: College Archives


text: Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz also stopped the personal allowance offered to his relatives stating that he could only give them an allowance if he gave an allowance to everyone else in the empire. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz was later poisoned in the year 720. When successive governments tried to reverse Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies it created rebellion.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: Only

text: Umayyad

text: ruler

text: Caliphs

text: of

text: Damascus

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: Abd

text: al

text: Aziz

text: is

text: unanimously

text: praised

text: by

text: Sunni

text: sources

text: for

text: his

text: devout

text: piety

text: and

text: justice

text: In

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: spread

text: Islam

text: he

text: established

text: liberties

text: for

text: the

text: Mawali

text: by

text: abolishing

text: the

text: jizya

text: tax

text: for

text: converts

text: to

text: Islam

text: Imam

text: Abu

text: Muhammad

text: Adbullah

text: ibn

text: Abdul

text: Hakam

text: stated

text: that

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: Abd

text: al

text: Aziz

text: also

text: stopped

text: the

text: personal

text: allowance

text: offered

text: to

text: his

text: relatives

text: stating

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: only

text: give

text: them

text: an

text: allowance

text: if

text: he

text: gave

text: an

text: allowance

text: to

text: everyone

text: else

text: in

text: the

text: empire

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: Abd

text: al

text: Aziz

text: was

text: later

text: poisoned

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: When

text: successive

text: governments

text: tried

text: to

text: reverse

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: Abd

text: al

text: Aziz

text: 's

text: tax

text: policies

text: it

text: created

text: rebellion

question: What Umayyad ruler is regarded as especially just and pious by Sunni scholars?

answer: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz

text: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz

question: For whom did Umar end the jizya?

answer: converts to Islam

text: converts to Islam

question: In what year did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz die?

answer: 720

question: What was Umar ibn Ad al-Aziz's cause of death?

answer: poisoned

text: poisoned

question: What group did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz grant liberties to?

answer: Mawali

text: Mawali