text: Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Portuguese

text: natives

text: comprise

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: percentage

text: of

text: Guinea

text: Bissauans

text: After

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: gained

text: independence

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: nationals

text: left

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: a

text: tiny

text: Chinese

text: population

text: These

text: include

text: traders

text: and

text: merchants

text: of

text: mixed

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Chinese

text: ancestry

text: from

text: Macau

text: a

text: former

text: Asian

text: Portuguese

text: colony

question: What natives comprise a very small percentage of the population?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?

answer: Portuguese nationals

text: Portuguese nationals

question: What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?

answer: Macau

text: Macau

question: What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry

text: mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry


text: The Governor of Michigan, Rick Snyder, declared a financial emergency for the city in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history. It was declared bankrupt by Judge Steven W. Rhodes of the Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan on December 3, 2013; he cited its $18.5 billion debt and declared that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were unfeasible. On November 7, 2014, Judge Rhodes approved the city's bankruptcy plan, allowing the city to begin the process of exiting bankruptcy. The City of Detroit successfully exited Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy with all finances handed back to the city at midnight on December 11, 2014.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: Governor

text: of

text: Michigan

text: Rick

text: Snyder

text: declared

text: a

text: financial

text: emergency

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: March

text: appointing

text: an

text: emergency

text: manager

text: On

text: July

text: Detroit

text: filed

text: the

text: largest

text: municipal

text: bankruptcy

text: case

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: It

text: was

text: declared

text: bankrupt

text: by

text: Judge

text: Steven

text: W.

text: Rhodes

text: of

text: the

text: Bankruptcy

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: Eastern

text: District

text: of

text: Michigan

text: on

text: December

text: he

text: cited

text: its

text: billion

text: debt

text: and

text: declared

text: that

text: negotiations

text: with

text: its

text: thousands

text: of

text: creditors

text: were

text: unfeasible

text: On

text: November

text: Judge

text: Rhodes

text: approved

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: bankruptcy

text: plan

text: allowing

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: begin

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: exiting

text: bankruptcy

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Detroit

text: successfully

text: exited

text: Chapter

text: municipal

text: bankruptcy

text: with

text: all

text: finances

text: handed

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: at

text: midnight

text: on

text: December

question: Who is the Governor in Michigan?

answer: Rick Snyder

text: Rick Snyder

question: On which date did Detroit file bankruptcy?

answer: July 18, 2013

text: July 18, 2013

question: How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?

answer: $18.5 billion

text: $18.5 billion

question: On which date was Detroit's bankruptcy plan approved?

answer: November 7, 2014

text: November 7, 2014

question: What type of bankruptcy did Detroit go through?

answer: Chapter 9

text: Chapter 9


text: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century BC, advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, because when raised in this way, the ducks "lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen". Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Clay

text: models

text: of

text: ducks

text: found

text: in

text: China

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: BC

text: may

text: indicate

text: the

text: domestication

text: of

text: ducks

text: took

text: place

text: there

text: during

text: the

text: Yangshao

text: culture

text: Even

text: if

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: case

text: domestication

text: of

text: the

text: duck

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: earlier

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Lucius

text: Columella

text: writing

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: BC

text: advised

text: those

text: who

text: sought

text: to

text: rear

text: ducks

text: to

text: collect

text: wildfowl

text: eggs

text: and

text: put

text: them

text: under

text: a

text: broody

text: hen

text: because

text: when

text: raised

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: the

text: ducks

text: lay

text: aside

text: their

text: wild

text: nature

text: and

text: without

text: hesitation

text: breed

text: when

text: shut

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: bird

text: pen

text: Despite

text: this

text: ducks

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: in

text: agricultural

text: texts

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: until

text: about

text: AD

text: when

text: they

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: mentioned

text: alongside

text: geese

text: chickens

text: and

text: peafowl

text: as

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: rental

text: payments

text: made

text: by

text: tenants

text: to

text: landowners

question: How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans?

answer: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture

text: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture

question: How far behind the east society was the western culture in domesticating ducks?

answer: domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West

text: domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West

question: How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go abbout the business of domesticating ducks.?

answer: collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen,

text: collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen,

question: When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ?

answer: ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD

text: ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD

question: Where ducks ever used as a type of commerence in the world?

answer: mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.

text: mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.


text: Critics noted in 2013 that Tom Wheeler, the head of the FCC, which has to approve the deal, is the former head of both the largest cable lobbying organization, the National Cable & Telecommunications Association, and as largest wireless lobby, CTIA – The Wireless Association. According to Politico, Comcast "donated to almost every member of Congress who has a hand in regulating it." The US Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the deal on April 9, 2014. The House Judiciary Committee planned its own hearing. On March 6, 2014 the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division confirmed it was investigating the deal. In March 2014, the division's chairman, William Baer, recused himself because he was involved in a prior Comcast NBCUniversal acquisition. Several states' attorneys general have announced support for the federal investigation. On April 24, 2015, Jonathan Sallet, general counsel of the F.C.C., said that he was going to recommend a hearing before an administrative law judge, equivalent to a collapse of the deal.

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: Critics

text: noted

text: in

text: that

text: Tom

text: Wheeler

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: FCC

text: which

text: has

text: to

text: approve

text: the

text: deal

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: head

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: largest

text: cable

text: lobbying

text: organization

text: the

text: National

text: Cable

text: Telecommunications

text: Association

text: and

text: as

text: largest

text: wireless

text: lobby

text: CTIA

text: The

text: Wireless

text: Association

text: According

text: to

text: Politico

text: Comcast

text: donated

text: to

text: almost

text: every

text: member

text: of

text: Congress

text: who

text: has

text: a

text: hand

text: in

text: regulating

text: it

text: The

text: US

text: Senate

text: Judiciary

text: Committee

text: held

text: a

text: hearing

text: on

text: the

text: deal

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: House

text: Judiciary

text: Committee

text: planned

text: its

text: own

text: hearing

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: Antitrust

text: Division

text: confirmed

text: it

text: was

text: investigating

text: the

text: deal

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: division

text: 's

text: chairman

text: William

text: Baer

text: recused

text: himself

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: a

text: prior

text: Comcast

text: NBCUniversal

text: acquisition

text: Several

text: states

text: attorneys

text: general

text: have

text: announced

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: federal

text: investigation

text: On

text: April

text: Jonathan

text: Sallet

text: general

text: counsel

text: of

text: the

text: F.C.C.

text: said

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: recommend

text: a

text: hearing

text: before

text: an

text: administrative

text: law

text: judge

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: deal

question: Who was the head of the FCC at the time of Comcast's proposed purchase of Time Warner Cable?

answer: Tom Wheeler

text: Tom Wheeler

question: What two organizations had Wheeler headed prior to joining the FCC?

answer: National Cable & Telecommunications Association, and as largest wireless lobby, CTIA – The Wireless Association

text: National Cable & Telecommunications Association, and as largest wireless lobby, CTIA – The Wireless Association

question: What group sought to investigate the purchase on anti-trust grounds?

answer: United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division

text: United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division

question: What Senate group held hearings on the purchase?

answer: US Senate Judiciary Committee

text: US Senate Judiciary Committee

question: Who was the general counsel of the FCC in 2015?

answer: Jonathan Sallet

text: Jonathan Sallet


text: His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1860), which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. The Standard Elocutionist appeared in 168 British editions and sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone. In this treatise, his father explains his methods of how to instruct deaf-mutes (as they were then known) to articulate words and read other people's lip movements to decipher meaning. Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound. Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities. He could decipher Visible Speech representing virtually every language, including Latin, Scottish Gaelic, and even Sanskrit, accurately reciting written tracts without any prior knowledge of their pronunciation.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: His

text: family

text: was

text: long

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: elocution

text: his

text: grandfather

text: Alexander

text: Bell

text: in

text: London

text: his

text: uncle

text: in

text: Dublin

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: were

text: all

text: elocutionists

text: His

text: father

text: published

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: works

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: several

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: still

text: well

text: known

text: especially

text: his

text: The

text: Standard

text: Elocutionist

text: which

text: appeared

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: in

text: The

text: Standard

text: Elocutionist

text: appeared

text: in

text: British

text: editions

text: and

text: sold

text: over

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: a

text: million

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: alone

text: In

text: this

text: treatise

text: his

text: father

text: explains

text: his

text: methods

text: of

text: how

text: to

text: instruct

text: deaf

text: mutes

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: then

text: known

text: to

text: articulate

text: words

text: and

text: read

text: other

text: people

text: 's

text: lip

text: movements

text: to

text: decipher

text: meaning

text: Bell

text: 's

text: father

text: taught

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: brothers

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: write

text: Visible

text: Speech

text: but

text: to

text: identify

text: any

text: symbol

text: and

text: its

text: accompanying

text: sound

text: Bell

text: became

text: so

text: proficient

text: that

text: he

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: public

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: astounded

text: audiences

text: with

text: his

text: abilities

text: He

text: could

text: decipher

text: Visible

text: Speech

text: representing

text: virtually

text: every

text: language

text: including

text: Latin

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: and

text: even

text: Sanskrit

text: accurately

text: reciting

text: written

text: tracts

text: without

text: any

text: prior

text: knowledge

text: of

text: their

text: pronunciation

question: Where did Bell's uncle live?

answer: Dublin

text: Dublin

question: What was Bell's father most famous for publishing?

answer: The Standard Elocutionist

text: The Standard Elocutionist

question: Bell learned to accurately read lips even without knowing what?

answer: pronunciation

text: pronunciation

question: The Standard Elocutionist was printed how many times?

answer: 168


text: In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia; it became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (CBS). WCAU-TV, WPVI-TV, WHYY-TV, WPHL-TV, and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s. In 1952, WFIL (now WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. Today, as in many large metropolitan areas, each of the commercial networks has an affiliate, and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs: CBS3, 6ABC, NBC10, Fox29, Telefutura28, Telemundo62, Univision65, plus My PHL 17 and CW Philly 57. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). In September 2007, Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: experimental

text: station

text: owned

text: by

text: Philco

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: television

text: station

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: it

text: became

text: NBC

text: 's

text: first

text: affiliate

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: became

text: KYW

text: TV

text: CBS

text: WCAU

text: TV

text: WPVI

text: TV

text: WHYY

text: TV

text: WPHL

text: TV

text: and

text: WTXF

text: TV

text: had

text: all

text: been

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: In

text: WFIL

text: now

text: WPVI

text: premiered

text: the

text: television

text: show

text: Bandstand

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: the

text: nationally

text: broadcast

text: American

text: Bandstand

text: hosted

text: by

text: Dick

text: Clark

text: Today

text: as

text: in

text: many

text: large

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: commercial

text: networks

text: has

text: an

text: affiliate

text: and

text: call

text: letters

text: have

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: corporate

text: IDs

text: plus

text: My

text: PHL

text: and

text: CW

text: Philly

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: served

text: also

text: by

text: public

text: broadcasting

text: stations

text: WYBE

text: TV

text: Philadelphia

text: WHYY

text: TV

text: Wilmington

text: Delaware

text: and

text: Philadelphia

text: WLVT

text: TV

text: Lehigh

text: Valley

text: and

text: NJTV

text: New

text: Jersey

text: In

text: September

text: Philadelphia

text: approved

text: a

text: Public

text: access

text: television

text: cable

text: TV

text: channel

question: Who owned W3XE?

answer: Philco

text: Philco

question: When did it become NBC's first affiliate?

answer: 1939

question: What show started out in the city?

answer: Bandstand

text: Bandstand


text: From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: "It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human population through the 20th century has had more impact on biodiversity than any other single factor." At least until the middle of the 21st century, worldwide losses of pristine biodiverse land will probably depend much on the worldwide human birth rate.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: From

text: to

text: world

text: population

text: increased

text: from

text: billion

text: to

text: billion

text: and

text: is

text: forecast

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: plateau

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: Sir

text: David

text: King

text: former

text: chief

text: scientific

text: adviser

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: told

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: inquiry

text: It

text: is

text: self

text: evident

text: that

text: the

text: massive

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: has

text: had

text: more

text: impact

text: on

text: biodiversity

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: single

text: factor

text: At

text: least

text: until

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: worldwide

text: losses

text: of

text: pristine

text: biodiverse

text: land

text: will

text: probably

text: depend

text: much

text: on

text: the

text: worldwide

text: human

text: birth

text: rate

question: What was the increase in population from 1950 to 2011?

answer: world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion

text: world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion

question: What year started the increase of population to 7 billion?

answer: From 1950

text: From 1950

question: What is the forecast plateau that the population will reach during the 21st century?

answer: more than 9 billion

text: more than 9 billion

question: Who is the former chief scientific adviser to the UK government?

answer: Sir David King

text: Sir David King


text: All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke. Especially in Crete, a prolonged revolt in 1866–1869 had raised nationalist fervour. When war broke out between Russia and the Ottomans in 1877, Greek popular sentiment rallied to Russia's side, but Greece was too poor, and too concerned of British intervention, to officially enter the war. Nevertheless, in 1881, Thessaly and small parts of Epirus were ceded to Greece as part of the Treaty of Berlin, while frustrating Greek hopes of receiving Crete.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: All

text: Greeks

text: were

text: united

text: however

text: in

text: their

text: determination

text: to

text: liberate

text: the

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: dialect

text: they

text: spoke

text: Especially

text: in

text: Crete

text: a

text: prolonged

text: revolt

text: in

text: had

text: raised

text: nationalist

text: fervour

text: When

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: in

text: Greek

text: popular

text: sentiment

text: rallied

text: to

text: Russia

text: 's

text: side

text: but

text: Greece

text: was

text: too

text: poor

text: and

text: too

text: concerned

text: of

text: British

text: intervention

text: to

text: officially

text: enter

text: the

text: war

text: Nevertheless

text: in

text: Thessaly

text: and

text: small

text: parts

text: of

text: Epirus

text: were

text: ceded

text: to

text: Greece

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Berlin

text: while

text: frustrating

text: Greek

text: hopes

text: of

text: receiving

text: Crete

question: War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year?

answer: 1877

question: A revolt lasted for 3 years on which Greek island?

answer: Crete

text: Crete

question: In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur?

answer: 1881


text: While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: While

text: most

text: artists

text: became

text: established

text: in

text: other

text: formats

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: Michael

text: Bublé

text: and

text: Josh

text: Groban

text: started

text: out

text: as

text: AC

text: artists

text: Throughout

text: this

text: decade

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Nick

text: Lachey

text: James

text: Blunt

text: John

text: Mayer

text: Bruno

text: Mars

text: Jason

text: Mraz

text: Kelly

text: Clarkson

text: Adele

text: Clay

text: Aiken

text: and

text: Susan

text: Boyle

text: have

text: become

text: successful

text: thanks

text: to

text: a

text: ballad

text: heavy

text: sound

text: Much

text: as

text: some

text: hot

text: AC

text: and

text: modern

text: rock

text: artists

text: have

text: crossed

text: over

text: into

text: each

text: other

text: so

text: too

text: has

text: soft

text: AC

text: crossed

text: with

text: country

text: music

text: in

text: this

text: decade

text: Country

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Faith

text: Hill

text: Shania

text: Twain

text: LeAnn

text: Rimes

text: and

text: Carrie

text: Underwood

text: have

text: had

text: success

text: on

text: both

text: charts

question: Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?

answer: Michael Bublé

text: Michael Bublé

question: What sort of sound does the music of Susan Boyle have?

answer: ballad heavy

text: ballad heavy

question: Along with Faith Hill, Shania Twain and LeAnn Rimes, what country artist has had adult contemporary hits?

answer: Carrie Underwood

text: Carrie Underwood

question: What genre of music has soft AC found common ground with?

answer: country

text: country


text: Von Neumann's mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. In a short list of facts about his life he submitted to the National Academy of Sciences, he stated "The part of my work I consider most essential is that on quantum mechanics, which developed in Göttingen in 1926, and subsequently in Berlin in 1927–1929. Also, my work on various forms of operator theory, Berlin 1930 and Princeton 1935–1939; on the ergodic theorem, Princeton, 1931–1932."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: mathematical

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: self

text: replication

text: preceded

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: In

text: a

text: short

text: list

text: of

text: facts

text: about

text: his

text: life

text: he

text: submitted

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: he

text: stated

text: The

text: part

text: of

text: my

text: work

text: I

text: consider

text: most

text: essential

text: is

text: that

text: on

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: which

text: developed

text: in

text: Göttingen

text: in

text: and

text: subsequently

text: in

text: Berlin

text: in

text: Also

text: my

text: work

text: on

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: operator

text: theory

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Princeton

text: on

text: the

text: ergodic

text: theorem

text: Princeton

question: Von Neumann's study of what preceded the discovery of DNA?

answer: mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication

text: mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication

question: What part of his work did Von Neumann consider to be his most important?

answer: quantum mechanics

text: quantum mechanics

question: Where was quantum mechanics developed?

answer: Göttingen

text: Göttingen

question: What work did Von Nemann do in Berlin in 1930 and Princeton 1935 - 39?

answer: operator theory

text: operator theory

question: What was the topic of Von Neumann's work at Princeton in 1931 - 32?

answer: ergodic theorem

text: ergodic theorem


text: Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all evolved in Paris. In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: was

text: in

text: its

text: artistic

text: prime

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: had

text: a

text: colony

text: of

text: artists

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: in

text: art

text: schools

text: associated

text: with

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: painters

text: of

text: the

text: times

text: Manet

text: Monet

text: Berthe

text: Morisot

text: Gauguin

text: Renoir

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: change

text: in

text: France

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: influence

text: on

text: art

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Paris

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Romanticism

text: in

text: art

text: with

text: painters

text: such

text: as

text: Gericault

text: Impressionism

text: Art

text: Nouveau

text: Symbolism

text: Fauvism

text: Cubism

text: and

text: Art

text: Deco

text: movements

text: all

text: evolved

text: in

text: Paris

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: many

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: provinces

text: and

text: worldwide

text: flocked

text: to

text: Paris

text: to

text: exhibit

text: their

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: numerous

text: salons

text: and

text: expositions

text: and

text: make

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: themselves

text: Artists

text: such

text: as

text: Pablo

text: Picasso

text: Henri

text: Matisse

text: Vincent

text: van

text: Gogh

text: Paul

text: Cézanne

text: Jean

text: Metzinger

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: Henri

text: Rousseau

text: Marc

text: Chagall

text: Amedeo

text: Modigliani

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: Paris

text: Picasso

text: living

text: in

text: Montmartre

text: painted

text: his

text: famous

text: La

text: Famille

text: de

text: Saltimbanques

text: and

text: Les

text: Demoiselles

text: d'Avignon

text: between

text: and

text: Montmartre

text: and

text: Montparnasse

text: became

text: centres

text: for

text: artistic

text: production

question: What type of art did Paris help develop with painters like Gericault?

answer: Romanticism

text: Romanticism

question: In what town did Picasso live?

answer: Montmartre

text: Montmartre

question: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production?

answer: Montmartre and Montparnasse

text: Montmartre and Montparnasse

question: Between what two years did Picasso paint La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

answer: 1905 and 1907

text: 1905 and 1907


text: According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varangians, driving them "back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute, set out to govern themselves." The tribes had no laws, however, and soon began to make war with one another, prompting them to invite the Varangians back to rule them and bring peace to the region:

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Primary

text: Chronicle

text: the

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Slavs

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: were

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Varangians

text: and

text: the

text: Khazars

text: The

text: Varangians

text: are

text: first

text: mentioned

text: imposing

text: tribute

text: from

text: Slavic

text: and

text: Finnic

text: tribes

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Finnic

text: and

text: Slavic

text: tribes

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Novgorod

text: rebelled

text: against

text: the

text: Varangians

text: driving

text: them

text: back

text: beyond

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: refusing

text: them

text: further

text: tribute

text: set

text: out

text: to

text: govern

text: themselves

text: The

text: tribes

text: had

text: no

text: laws

text: however

text: and

text: soon

text: began

text: to

text: make

text: war

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: prompting

text: them

text: to

text: invite

text: the

text: Varangians

text: back

text: to

text: rule

text: them

text: and

text: bring

text: peace

text: to

text: the

text: region

question: Which two groups were divided inn the territories of the East Slavs?

answer: Varangians and the Khazars

text: Varangians and the Khazars

question: In what year did the Varangians impose tribute from the Slavic and Finnic?

answer: 859

question: In what year did the Slavic and Finnic tribes rebel againts the Varangians?

answer: 862


text: Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.

title: Myocardial_infarction

title: Myocardial_infarction

text: Aspirin

text: is

text: an

text: appropriate

text: immediate

text: treatment

text: for

text: a

text: suspected

text: MI

text: Nitroglycerin

text: or

text: opioids

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: with

text: chest

text: pain

text: however

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: overall

text: outcomes

text: Supplemental

text: oxygen

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: low

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: or

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: In

text: ST

text: elevation

text: MIs

text: treatments

text: which

text: attempt

text: to

text: restore

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: are

text: typically

text: recommended

text: and

text: include

text: angioplasty

text: where

text: the

text: arteries

text: are

text: pushed

text: open

text: or

text: thrombolysis

text: where

text: the

text: blockage

text: is

text: removed

text: using

text: medications

text: People

text: who

text: have

text: a

text: non

text: ST

text: elevation

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: NSTEMI

text: are

text: often

text: managed

text: with

text: the

text: blood

text: thinner

text: heparin

text: with

text: the

text: additional

text: use

text: angioplasty

text: in

text: those

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: In

text: people

text: with

text: blockages

text: of

text: multiple

text: coronary

text: arteries

text: and

text: diabetes

text: bypass

text: surgery

text: CABG

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: rather

text: than

text: angioplasty

text: After

text: an

text: MI

text: lifestyle

text: modifications

text: along

text: with

text: long

text: term

text: treatment

text: with

text: aspirin

text: beta

text: blockers

text: and

text: statins

text: are

text: typically

text: recommended

question: What can be used for immediate treatment for MI?

answer: Aspirin

text: Aspirin

question: Nitroglycerin can be used to help what?

answer: chest pain

text: chest pain

question: WHat does NSTEMI stand for?

answer: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

text: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

question: When is bypass surgery recommended?

answer: blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes

text: blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes

question: What should be used for individuals with shortness of breath?

answer: Supplemental oxygen

text: Supplemental oxygen


text: Until the end of his life, Bell and his family would alternate between the two homes, but Beinn Bhreagh would, over the next 30 years, become more than a summer home as Bell became so absorbed in his experiments that his annual stays lengthened. Both Mabel and Bell became immersed in the Baddeck community and were accepted by the villagers as "their own".[N 22] The Bells were still in residence at Beinn Bhreagh when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6, 1917. Mabel and Bell mobilized the community to help victims in Halifax.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: Bell

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: would

text: alternate

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: homes

text: but

text: Beinn

text: Bhreagh

text: would

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: become

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: summer

text: home

text: as

text: Bell

text: became

text: so

text: absorbed

text: in

text: his

text: experiments

text: that

text: his

text: annual

text: stays

text: lengthened

text: Both

text: Mabel

text: and

text: Bell

text: became

text: immersed

text: in

text: the

text: Baddeck

text: community

text: and

text: were

text: accepted

text: by

text: the

text: villagers

text: as

text: their

text: own".[N

text: The

text: Bells

text: were

text: still

text: in

text: residence

text: at

text: Beinn

text: Bhreagh

text: when

text: the

text: Halifax

text: Explosion

text: occurred

text: on

text: December

text: Mabel

text: and

text: Bell

text: mobilized

text: the

text: community

text: to

text: help

text: victims

text: in

text: Halifax

question: Where did the Bells live when the Halifax Explosion happened?

answer: Beinn Bhreagh

text: Beinn Bhreagh

question: On what day did the Halifax Explosion happen?

answer: December 6, 1917

text: December 6, 1917

question: Which of their two homes did the Bells start spending more time as Bell aged?

answer: Beinn Bhreagh

text: Beinn Bhreagh

question: What city adopted the Bells?

answer: Baddeck

text: Baddeck

question: What did the Bells do to help the victims in Halifax?

answer: mobilized the community

text: mobilized the community


text: The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system. The additional rail carries the electrical return that, on third rail and overhead networks, is provided by the running rails. On the London Underground, a top-contact third rail is beside the track, energized at +420v DC, and a top-contact fourth rail is located centrally between the running rails at −210v DC, which combine to provide a traction voltage of 630v DC. London Underground is now upgrading its fourth rail system to 750v DC with a positive conductor rail energised to +500v DC and a negative conductor rail energised to -250v DC. However, many older sections in tunnels are still energised to 630v DC. The same system was used for Milan's earliest underground line, Milan Metro's line 1, whose more recent lines use an overhead catenary or a third rail.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: The

text: London

text: Underground

text: in

text: England

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: networks

text: that

text: uses

text: a

text: four

text: rail

text: system

text: The

text: additional

text: rail

text: carries

text: the

text: electrical

text: return

text: that

text: on

text: third

text: rail

text: and

text: overhead

text: networks

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: running

text: rails

text: On

text: the

text: London

text: Underground

text: a

text: top

text: contact

text: third

text: rail

text: is

text: beside

text: the

text: track

text: energized

text: at

text: DC

text: and

text: a

text: top

text: contact

text: fourth

text: rail

text: is

text: located

text: centrally

text: between

text: the

text: running

text: rails

text: at

text: DC

text: which

text: combine

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: traction

text: voltage

text: of

text: DC

text: London

text: Underground

text: is

text: now

text: upgrading

text: its

text: fourth

text: rail

text: system

text: to

text: DC

text: with

text: a

text: positive

text: conductor

text: rail

text: energised

text: to

text: DC

text: and

text: a

text: negative

text: conductor

text: rail

text: energised

text: to

text: DC

text: However

text: many

text: older

text: sections

text: in

text: tunnels

text: are

text: still

text: energised

text: to

text: DC

text: The

text: same

text: system

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: Milan

text: 's

text: earliest

text: underground

text: line

text: Milan

text: Metro

text: 's

text: line

text: whose

text: more

text: recent

text: lines

text: use

text: an

text: overhead

text: catenary

text: or

text: a

text: third

text: rail

question: What type of system does London Underground use?

answer: four-rail system

text: four-rail system

question: What is the purpose of the forth rail?

answer: carries the electrical return

text: carries the electrical return

question: What is the volatage surge of the third rail of London Underground system?

answer: +420v DC

text: +420v DC

question: What is the voltage of the return rail?

answer: −210v DC

text: −210v DC

question: Where was the system similar to London Underground used as well?

answer: Milan

text: Milan


text: Mexico City has numerous museums dedicated to art, including Mexican colonial, modern and contemporary art, and international art. The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo. The collection includes pieces by Picasso, Klee, Kandinsky, Warhol and many others, though most of the collection is stored while visiting exhibits are shown. The Museo de Arte Moderno (Museum of Modern Art) is a repository of Mexican artists from the 20th century, including Rivera, Orozco, Siqueiros, Kahlo, Gerzso, Carrington, Tamayo, among others, and also regularly hosts temporary exhibits of international modern art. In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: numerous

text: museums

text: dedicated

text: to

text: art

text: including

text: Mexican

text: colonial

text: modern

text: and

text: contemporary

text: art

text: and

text: international

text: art

text: The

text: Museo

text: Tamayo

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: international

text: contemporary

text: art

text: donated

text: by

text: famed

text: Mexican

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Oaxaca

text: painter

text: Rufino

text: Tamayo

text: The

text: collection

text: includes

text: pieces

text: by

text: Picasso

text: Klee

text: Kandinsky

text: Warhol

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: though

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: collection

text: is

text: stored

text: while

text: visiting

text: exhibits

text: are

text: shown

text: The

text: Museo

text: de

text: Arte

text: Moderno

text: Museum

text: of

text: Modern

text: Art

text: is

text: a

text: repository

text: of

text: Mexican

text: artists

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: including

text: Rivera

text: Orozco

text: Siqueiros

text: Kahlo

text: Gerzso

text: Carrington

text: Tamayo

text: among

text: others

text: and

text: also

text: regularly

text: hosts

text: temporary

text: exhibits

text: of

text: international

text: modern

text: art

text: In

text: southern

text: Mexico

text: City

text: the

text: Museo

text: Carrillo

text: Gil

text: Carrillo

text: Gil

text: Museum

text: showcases

text: avant

text: garde

text: artists

text: as

text: does

text: the

text: University

text: Museum

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: Museo

text: Universitario

text: Arte

text: Contemporáneo

text: or

text: MUAC

text: designed

text: by

text: famed

text: Mexican

text: architect

text: Teodoro

text: González

text: de

text: León

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: late

question: When was the Museo Tamayo opened?

answer: mid-1980s

question: Who's art collection was the reason the Museo Tamayo opened?

answer: Rufino Tamayo

text: Rufino Tamayo

question: Where was Rufino Tamayo born?

answer: Oaxaca

text: Oaxaca

question: What type of art is shown in The Museo Carrillo Gil?

answer: avant-garde

text: avant-garde

question: What famous art building was opened in late 2008?

answer: University Museum/Contemporary Art

text: University Museum/Contemporary Art


text: The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occurred from 1998–2000 and from 2000–2001. A reef restoration project has investigated reef restoration techniques; and researchers from Japan have investigated rebuilding the coral reefs through the introduction of foraminifera. The project of the Japan International Cooperation Agency is designed to increase the resilience of the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise through ecosystem rehabilitation and regeneration and through support for sand production.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: reefs

text: at

text: Funafuti

text: have

text: suffered

text: damage

text: with

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: coral

text: becoming

text: bleached

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: ocean

text: temperatures

text: and

text: ocean

text: acidification

text: The

text: coral

text: bleaching

text: which

text: includes

text: staghorn

text: corals

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: water

text: temperature

text: that

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: El

text: Niños

text: that

text: occurred

text: from

text: and

text: from

text: A

text: reef

text: restoration

text: project

text: has

text: investigated

text: reef

text: restoration

text: techniques

text: and

text: researchers

text: from

text: Japan

text: have

text: investigated

text: rebuilding

text: the

text: coral

text: reefs

text: through

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: foraminifera

text: The

text: project

text: of

text: the

text: Japan

text: International

text: Cooperation

text: Agency

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: resilience

text: of

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: coast

text: against

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: through

text: ecosystem

text: rehabilitation

text: and

text: regeneration

text: and

text: through

text: support

text: for

text: sand

text: production

question: What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached?

answer: 80 per cent

text: 80 per cent

question: What increase caused by the El Ninos is responsible for the coral bleaching?

answer: water temperature

text: water temperature

question: What has been investigated as a means of rebuilding the reefs at Tuvalu?

answer: foraminifera

text: foraminifera

question: What is hoped will strengthen the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise?

answer: ecosystem rehabilitation

text: ecosystem rehabilitation

question: What type of project has been started to rebuild the reefs at Tuvalu?

answer: reef restoration

text: reef restoration


text: Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "cellular" and "humoral" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, among others, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Immunology

text: is

text: strongly

text: experimental

text: in

text: everyday

text: practice

text: but

text: is

text: also

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: ongoing

text: theoretical

text: attitude

text: Many

text: theories

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: in

text: immunology

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: time

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: saw

text: a

text: battle

text: between

text: cellular

text: and

text: humoral

text: theories

text: of

text: immunity

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: cellular

text: theory

text: of

text: immunity

text: represented

text: in

text: particular

text: by

text: Elie

text: Metchnikoff

text: it

text: was

text: cells

text: more

text: precisely

text: phagocytes

text: that

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: immune

text: responses

text: In

text: contrast

text: the

text: humoral

text: theory

text: of

text: immunity

text: held

text: by

text: Robert

text: Koch

text: and

text: Emil

text: von

text: Behring

text: among

text: others

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: active

text: immune

text: agents

text: were

text: soluble

text: components

text: molecules

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: organism

text: ’s

text: humors

text: rather

text: than

text: its

text: cells

question: The routine practice of immunology can best be characterized as?

answer: strongly experimental

text: strongly experimental

question: What are two opposing theories of early 20th century immunology?

answer: "cellular" and "humoral"

text: "cellular" and "humoral"

question: Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses?

answer: phagocytes

text: phagocytes

question: Humoral immunology theorized that the origin of the immune system lay in what?

answer: soluble components (molecules)

text: soluble components (molecules)

question: Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside?

answer: the organism’s “humors”

text: the organism’s “humors”


text: Public policy and political leadership helps to "level the playing field" and drive the wider acceptance of renewable energy technologies. Countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Spain have led the way in implementing innovative policies which has driven most of the growth over the past decade. As of 2014, Germany has a commitment to the "Energiewende" transition to a sustainable energy economy, and Denmark has a commitment to 100% renewable energy by 2050. There are now 144 countries with renewable energy policy targets.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Public

text: policy

text: and

text: political

text: leadership

text: helps

text: to

text: level

text: the

text: playing

text: field

text: and

text: drive

text: the

text: wider

text: acceptance

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: Countries

text: such

text: as

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Spain

text: have

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: implementing

text: innovative

text: policies

text: which

text: has

text: driven

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: decade

text: As

text: of

text: Germany

text: has

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: the

text: Energiewende

text: transition

text: to

text: a

text: sustainable

text: energy

text: economy

text: and

text: Denmark

text: has

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: renewable

text: energy

text: by

text: There

text: are

text: now

text: countries

text: with

text: renewable

text: energy

text: policy

text: targets

question: What drives the wider acceptance of renewable energy technologies?

answer: Public policy and political leadership

text: Public policy and political leadership

question: Denmark has a committment to 100 percent renewable energy by what year?

answer: 2050

question: How many countries now have renewable energy policies?

answer: 144


text: One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31).

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: One

text: way

text: to

text: divide

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: groups

text: is

text: by

text: their

text: return

text: systems

text: James

text: Woodburn

text: uses

text: the

text: categories

text: immediate

text: return

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: for

text: egalitarian

text: and

text: delayed

text: return

text: for

text: nonegalitarian

text: Immediate

text: return

text: foragers

text: consume

text: their

text: food

text: within

text: a

text: day

text: or

text: two

text: after

text: they

text: procure

text: it

text: Delayed

text: return

text: foragers

text: store

text: the

text: surplus

text: food

text: Kelly

question: What  does the immediate return system mean?

answer: egalitarian

text: egalitarian

question: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?

answer: nonegalitarian

text: nonegalitarian

question: Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?

answer: immediate return

text: immediate return


text: In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: Spain

text: every

text: person

text: officially

text: has

text: two

text: surnames

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: father

text: 's

text: first

text: surname

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: the

text: mother

text: 's

text: first

text: surname

text: The

text: law

text: contemplates

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: joining

text: both

text: surnames

text: with

text: the

text: Catalan

text: conjunction

text: i

text: and

question: How many surnames does everyone in Spain have?

answer: two

text: two

question: Which one of one's father's surnames is used?

answer: first

text: first

question: What is Spain thinking of doing to the two surnames?

answer: joining both surnames

text: joining both surnames

question: What conjunction would be used to join a person's surnames?

answer: in

text: in


text: On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Deputies

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: adopted

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: State

text: Sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: Laws

text: pitting

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: against

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: and

text: other

text: constituent

text: republics

question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR adopted?

answer: June 12, 1990

text: June 12, 1990

question: What body passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?

answer: the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic

text: the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic

question: What was the name of the period inaugurated by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?

answer: the "War of Laws"

text: the "War of Laws"

question: What government was the Russian Federation fighting against during this period?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union


text: Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Its

text: average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: In

text: the

text: coldest

text: month

text: January

text: the

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: typically

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: the

text: minimum

text: temperature

text: typically

text: at

text: night

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: In

text: the

text: warmest

text: month

text: August

text: the

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: typically

text: ranges

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: about

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: Generally

text: temperatures

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: experienced

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: summer

text: last

text: about

text: months

text: from

text: April

text: to

text: November

text: March

text: is

text: transitional

text: the

text: temperature

text: often

text: exceeds

text: C

text: F

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: temperature

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: December

text: January

text: and

text: February

text: are

text: the

text: coldest

text: months

text: with

text: average

text: temperatures

text: around

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: Valencia

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: mildest

text: winters

text: in

text: Europe

text: owing

text: to

text: its

text: southern

text: location

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Foehn

text: phenomenon

text: The

text: January

text: average

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: temperatures

text: expected

text: for

text: May

text: and

text: September

text: in

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: of

text: northern

text: Europe

question: What is Valencia's average yearly temperature?

answer: 18.4 °C

text: 18.4 °C

question: Which month is the hottest in Valencia?

answer: August

text: August

question: Which month is the chilliest in Valencia?

answer: January

text: January

question: In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January?

answer: May and September

text: May and September

question: What is the average maximum daytime temperature in August in Valencia?

answer: 28–34 °C

text: 28–34 °C


text: The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS and ensure friendly, unimpeded access to the EM spectrum portion of the information environment. Electronic warfare aircraft are used to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it. They are often called "The Eye in the Sky." The roles of the aircraft vary greatly among the different variants to include Electronic Warfare/Jamming (EC-130H), Psychological Operations/Communications (EC-130J), Airborne Early Warning and Control (E-3), Airborne Command Post (E-4B), ground targeting radar (E-8C), range control (E-9A), and communications relay (E-11A)

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: electronic

text: warfare

text: is

text: to

text: deny

text: the

text: opponent

text: an

text: advantage

text: in

text: the

text: EMS

text: and

text: ensure

text: friendly

text: unimpeded

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: EM

text: spectrum

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: information

text: environment

text: Electronic

text: warfare

text: aircraft

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: keep

text: airspaces

text: friendly

text: and

text: send

text: critical

text: information

text: to

text: anyone

text: who

text: needs

text: it

text: They

text: are

text: often

text: called

text: The

text: Eye

text: in

text: the

text: Sky

text: The

text: roles

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: vary

text: greatly

text: among

text: the

text: different

text: variants

text: to

text: include

text: Electronic

text: Warfare

text: Jamming

text: Psychological

text: Operations

text: Communications

text: Airborne

text: Early

text: Warning

text: and

text: Control

text: Airborne

text: Command

text: Post

text: ground

text: targeting

text: radar

text: range

text: control

text: and

text: communications

text: relay

question: What is the purpose of electronic warfare?

answer: deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS

text: deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS

question: What nickname is given to Electronic warfare aircraft?

answer: The Eye in the Sky

text: The Eye in the Sky

question: What does the USAF use Electronic warfare aircraft for?

answer: to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it

text: to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it

question: What is the EC-130H used for by the US Air Force?

answer: Electronic Warfare/Jamming

text: Electronic Warfare/Jamming

question: What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for?

answer: Airborne Command Post

text: Airborne Command Post


text: In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor".

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: In

text: March

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: mother

text: died

text: with

text: Victoria

text: at

text: her

text: side

text: Through

text: reading

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: papers

text: Victoria

text: discovered

text: that

text: her

text: mother

text: had

text: loved

text: her

text: deeply

text: she

text: was

text: heart

text: broken

text: and

text: blamed

text: Conroy

text: and

text: Lehzen

text: for

text: wickedly

text: estranging

text: her

text: from

text: her

text: mother

text: To

text: relieve

text: his

text: wife

text: during

text: her

text: intense

text: and

text: deep

text: grief

text: Albert

text: took

text: on

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: duties

text: despite

text: being

text: ill

text: himself

text: with

text: chronic

text: stomach

text: trouble

text: In

text: August

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Albert

text: visited

text: their

text: son

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: who

text: was

text: attending

text: army

text: manoeuvres

text: near

text: Dublin

text: and

text: spent

text: a

text: few

text: days

text: holidaying

text: in

text: Killarney

text: In

text: November

text: Albert

text: was

text: made

text: aware

text: of

text: gossip

text: that

text: his

text: son

text: had

text: slept

text: with

text: an

text: actress

text: in

text: Ireland

text: Appalled

text: Albert

text: travelled

text: to

text: Cambridge

text: where

text: his

text: son

text: was

text: studying

text: to

text: confront

text: him

text: By

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: December

text: Albert

text: was

text: very

text: unwell

text: He

text: was

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: typhoid

text: fever

text: by

text: William

text: Jenner

text: and

text: died

text: on

text: December

text: Victoria

text: was

text: devastated

text: She

text: blamed

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: death

text: on

text: worry

text: over

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: 's

text: philandering

text: He

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: by

text: that

text: dreadful

text: business

text: she

text: said

text: She

text: entered

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: mourning

text: and

text: wore

text: black

text: for

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: her

text: life

text: She

text: avoided

text: public

text: appearances

text: and

text: rarely

text: set

text: foot

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: years

text: Her

text: seclusion

text: earned

text: her

text: the

text: nickname

text: widow

text: of

text: Windsor

question: During which year did Victoria's mother die?

answer: 1861

question: How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her?

answer: Through reading her mother's papers

text: Through reading her mother's papers

question: What was Albert ill with?

answer: chronic stomach trouble

text: chronic stomach trouble

question: What did Victoria blame Albert's death on?

answer: Prince of Wales's philandering

text: Prince of Wales's philandering

question: What was Prince of Wales attending to in Dublin?

answer: army manoeuvres

text: army manoeuvres

question: What year did Victoria's mother die?

answer: 1861

question: What year did Albert die?

answer: 1861

question: Who did Victoria blame for her poor relationship with her mother?

answer: Conroy and Lehzen

text: Conroy and Lehzen

question: Who took on most of Victoria's duties while she grieved her mothers death?

answer: Albert

text: Albert

question: What illness was Albert suffering from while he helped Victoria through her grief?

answer: chronic stomach trouble

text: chronic stomach trouble

question: When did Victoria's mother die?

answer: March 1861

text: March 1861

question: What disease was Albert diagnosed with?

answer: typhoid fever

text: typhoid fever

question: When did Albert die of his illness?

answer: 14 December 1861

text: 14 December 1861

question: What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death?

answer: widow of Windsor

text: widow of Windsor

question: Who was the Prince of Wales suspected to be having an affair with?

answer: an actress in Ireland

text: an actress in Ireland

question: When did the Duchess die?

answer: 1861

question: Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess?

answer: Conroy and Lehzen

text: Conroy and Lehzen

question: What caused Prince Albert's death?

answer: typhoid fever

text: typhoid fever

question: Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death?

answer: their son, the Prince of Wales

text: their son, the Prince of Wales

question: What gossip did Prince Albert hear about their son?

answer: had slept with an actress in Ireland

text: had slept with an actress in Ireland


text: High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully at the other antenna. An example of a high-gain antenna is a parabolic dish such as a satellite television antenna. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant. An example of a low-gain antenna is the whip antenna found on portable radios and cordless phones. Antenna gain should not be confused with amplifier gain, a separate parameter measuring the increase in signal power due to an amplifying device.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: High

text: gain

text: antennas

text: have

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: longer

text: range

text: and

text: better

text: signal

text: quality

text: but

text: must

text: be

text: aimed

text: carefully

text: at

text: the

text: other

text: antenna

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: gain

text: antenna

text: is

text: a

text: parabolic

text: dish

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: satellite

text: television

text: antenna

text: Low

text: gain

text: antennas

text: have

text: shorter

text: range

text: but

text: the

text: orientation

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: is

text: relatively

text: unimportant

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: low

text: gain

text: antenna

text: is

text: the

text: whip

text: antenna

text: found

text: on

text: portable

text: radios

text: and

text: cordless

text: phones

text: Antenna

text: gain

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: amplifier

text: gain

text: a

text: separate

text: parameter

text: measuring

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: signal

text: power

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: amplifying

text: device

question: Antennas with higher gain have what positive feature?

answer: longer range

text: longer range

question: What is a measure of how much efficient is improved by adding a device designed to make something stronger?

answer: amplifier gain

text: amplifier gain

question: Dish network Tv takes example of what type of antenna?

answer: parabolic dish

text: parabolic dish

question: What type of antenna would be best if placement was tricky?

answer: Low-gain

text: Low-gain


text: On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: On

text: March

text: Sassou

text: Nguesso

text: announced

text: that

text: his

text: government

text: would

text: hold

text: a

text: referendum

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: constitution

text: and

text: allow

text: him

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: a

text: third

text: consecutive

text: term

text: in

text: office

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: government

text: held

text: a

text: referendum

text: to

text: allow

text: Sassou

text: Nguesso

text: to

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: election

text: The

text: government

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: proposal

text: as

text: approved

text: by

text: percent

text: of

text: voters

text: with

text: percent

text: of

text: eligible

text: voters

text: participating

text: The

text: opposition

text: who

text: had

text: boycotted

text: the

text: referendum

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: statistics

text: were

text: false

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: vote

text: was

text: a

text: sham

question: When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?

answer: March 27, 2015

text: March 27, 2015

question: Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?

answer: third

text: third


text: Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE".

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: Honorary

text: knighthoods

text: are

text: appointed

text: to

text: citizens

text: of

text: nations

text: where

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: is

text: not

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: and

text: may

text: permit

text: use

text: of

text: post

text: nominal

text: letters

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Sir

text: or

text: Dame

text: Occasionally

text: honorary

text: appointees

text: are

text: incorrectly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Sir

text: or

text: Dame

text: Bill

text: Gates

text: or

text: Bob

text: Geldof

text: for

text: example

text: Honorary

text: appointees

text: who

text: later

text: become

text: a

text: citizen

text: of

text: a

text: Commonwealth

text: realm

text: can

text: convert

text: their

text: appointment

text: from

text: honorary

text: to

text: substantive

text: then

text: enjoy

text: all

text: privileges

text: of

text: membership

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: including

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Sir

text: and

text: Dame

text: for

text: the

text: senior

text: two

text: ranks

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: Irish

text: broadcaster

text: Terry

text: Wogan

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: an

text: honorary

text: Knight

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: in

text: and

text: on

text: successful

text: application

text: for

text: dual

text: British

text: and

text: Irish

text: citizenship

text: was

text: made

text: a

text: substantive

text: member

text: and

text: subsequently

text: styled

text: as

text: Sir

text: Terry

text: Wogan

text: KBE

question: Who are appointed to citizens of nations?

answer: Honorary knighthoods

text: Honorary knighthoods

question: Where was Queen Elizabeth ll not Head of State?

answer: citizens of nations

text: citizens of nations

question: What is honorary appointees are incorrectly referred to?

answer: Sir or Dame

text: Sir or Dame

question: Who are examples of Sir of Dame?

answer: Bill Gates or Bob Geldof

text: Bill Gates or Bob Geldof

question: What is an example of irish broadcaster?

answer: Terry Wogan

text: Terry Wogan


text: Literature allows readers to access intimate emotional aspects of a person’s character that would not be obvious otherwise. It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader. For example, it allows a person to access emotional states from which the person has distanced himself or herself. An entry written by D. Mitchell featured in ‘‘The English Journal’’ explains how the author utilized young adult literature in order to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child which she describes as a state of “wonder”.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Literature

text: allows

text: readers

text: to

text: access

text: intimate

text: emotional

text: aspects

text: of

text: a

text: person

text: ’s

text: character

text: that

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: obvious

text: otherwise

text: It

text: benefits

text: the

text: psychological

text: development

text: and

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: reader

text: For

text: example

text: it

text: allows

text: a

text: person

text: to

text: access

text: emotional

text: states

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: person

text: has

text: distanced

text: himself

text: or

text: herself

text: An

text: entry

text: written

text: by

text: D.

text: Mitchell

text: featured

text: in

text: The

text: English

text: Journal

text: explains

text: how

text: the

text: author

text: utilized

text: young

text: adult

text: literature

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: re

text: experience

text: the

text: emotional

text: psychology

text: she

text: experienced

text: as

text: a

text: child

text: which

text: she

text: describes

text: as

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: wonder

question: Literature gives the reader insights into what areas of its characters?

answer: intimate emotional aspects

text: intimate emotional aspects

question: How does literary fiction aid the person who reads it?

answer: It benefits the psychological development and understanding

text: It benefits the psychological development and understanding

question: What writer's entry in "The English Journal" was concerned with young adult fiction?

answer: D. Mitchell

text: D. Mitchell

question: Why did this author embrace young adult literature as a grownup?

answer: to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child

text: to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child

question: How did the writer refer to this psychological state experienced as a youth?

answer: “wonder”

text: “wonder”


text: As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome, lasted throughout most of the 5th century. The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church, with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in eastern politics that they did not have in Western Europe. Legal developments included the codification of Roman law; the first effort—the Theodosian Code—was completed in 438. Under Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565), another compilation took place—the Corpus Juris Civilis. Justinian also oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and the reconquest of North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Ostrogoths, under Belisarius (d. 565). The conquest of Italy was not complete, as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests. At the emperor's death, the Byzantines had control of most of Italy, North Africa, and a small foothold in southern Spain. Justinian's reconquests have been criticised by historians for overextending his realm and setting the stage for the Muslim conquests, but many of the difficulties faced by Justinian's successors were due not just to over-taxation to pay for his wars but to the essentially civilian nature of the empire, which made raising troops difficult.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: As

text: Western

text: Europe

text: witnessed

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: new

text: kingdoms

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: remained

text: intact

text: and

text: experienced

text: an

text: economic

text: revival

text: that

text: lasted

text: into

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: There

text: were

text: fewer

text: invasions

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: most

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Peace

text: with

text: Persia

text: the

text: traditional

text: enemy

text: of

text: Rome

text: lasted

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Empire

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: closer

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: political

text: state

text: and

text: Christian

text: Church

text: with

text: doctrinal

text: matters

text: assuming

text: an

text: importance

text: in

text: eastern

text: politics

text: that

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Legal

text: developments

text: included

text: the

text: codification

text: of

text: Roman

text: law

text: the

text: first

text: effort

text: the

text: Theodosian

text: Code

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: Under

text: Emperor

text: Justinian

text: r.

text: another

text: compilation

text: took

text: place

text: the

text: Corpus

text: Juris

text: Civilis

text: Justinian

text: also

text: oversaw

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Hagia

text: Sophia

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: the

text: reconquest

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: from

text: the

text: Vandals

text: and

text: Italy

text: from

text: the

text: Ostrogoths

text: under

text: Belisarius

text: d.

text: The

text: conquest

text: of

text: Italy

text: was

text: not

text: complete

text: as

text: a

text: deadly

text: outbreak

text: of

text: plague

text: in

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: reign

text: concentrating

text: on

text: defensive

text: measures

text: rather

text: than

text: further

text: conquests

text: At

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: had

text: control

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: Italy

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: a

text: small

text: foothold

text: in

text: southern

text: Spain

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: reconquests

text: have

text: been

text: criticised

text: by

text: historians

text: for

text: overextending

text: his

text: realm

text: and

text: setting

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquests

text: but

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: difficulties

text: faced

text: by

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: successors

text: were

text: due

text: not

text: just

text: to

text: over

text: taxation

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: his

text: wars

text: but

text: to

text: the

text: essentially

text: civilian

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: which

text: made

text: raising

text: troops

text: difficult

question: In what century did the economic revival in the Eastern Roman Empire end?

answer: 7th

question: In what century was there peace with one of Rome's traditional enemies?

answer: 5th

question: Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place?

answer: the Balkans

text: the Balkans

question: What year saw the completion of the Theodosian Code?

answer: 438

question: Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled?

answer: Justinian

text: Justinian


text: Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify as grey-box, because the input and output are clearly outside of the "black box" that we are calling the system under test. This distinction is particularly important when conducting integration testing between two modules of code written by two different developers, where only the interfaces are exposed for test.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Grey

text: box

text: testing

text: American

text: spelling

text: gray

text: box

text: testing

text: involves

text: having

text: knowledge

text: of

text: internal

text: data

text: structures

text: and

text: algorithms

text: for

text: purposes

text: of

text: designing

text: tests

text: while

text: executing

text: those

text: tests

text: at

text: the

text: user

text: or

text: black

text: box

text: level

text: The

text: tester

text: is

text: not

text: required

text: to

text: have

text: full

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: software

text: 's

text: source

text: code.[not

text: in

text: citation

text: given

text: Manipulating

text: input

text: data

text: and

text: formatting

text: output

text: do

text: not

text: qualify

text: as

text: grey

text: box

text: because

text: the

text: input

text: and

text: output

text: are

text: clearly

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: black

text: box

text: that

text: we

text: are

text: calling

text: the

text: system

text: under

text: test

text: This

text: distinction

text: is

text: particularly

text: important

text: when

text: conducting

text: integration

text: testing

text: between

text: two

text: modules

text: of

text: code

text: written

text: by

text: two

text: different

text: developers

text: where

text: only

text: the

text: interfaces

text: are

text: exposed

text: for

text: test

question: What does grey-box testing involve?

answer: having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms

text: having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms

question: What does a grey-box tester not need to run their test?

answer: not required to have full access to the software's source code

text: not required to have full access to the software's source code

question: What does not qualify as grey-box testing?

answer: Manipulating input data and formatting output

text: Manipulating input data and formatting output


text: Only scant remains prove that mosaics were still used in the Early Middle Ages. The Abbey of Saint-Martial in Limoges, originally an important place of pilgrimage, was totally demolished during the French Revolution except its crypt which was rediscovered in the 1960s. A mosaic panel was unearthed which was dated to the 9th century. It somewhat incongruously uses cubes of gilded glass and deep green marble, probably taken from antique pavements. This could also be the case with the early 9th century mosaic found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, where antique motifs are copied but using only simple colors. The mosaics in the Cathedral of Saint-Jean at Lyon have been dated to the 11th century because they employ the same non-antique simple colors. More fragments were found on the site of Saint-Croix at Poitiers which might be from the 6th or 9th century.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Only

text: scant

text: remains

text: prove

text: that

text: mosaics

text: were

text: still

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: Abbey

text: of

text: Saint

text: Martial

text: in

text: Limoges

text: originally

text: an

text: important

text: place

text: of

text: pilgrimage

text: was

text: totally

text: demolished

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: except

text: its

text: crypt

text: which

text: was

text: rediscovered

text: in

text: the

text: A

text: mosaic

text: panel

text: was

text: unearthed

text: which

text: was

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: somewhat

text: incongruously

text: uses

text: cubes

text: of

text: gilded

text: glass

text: and

text: deep

text: green

text: marble

text: probably

text: taken

text: from

text: antique

text: pavements

text: This

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: mosaic

text: found

text: under

text: the

text: Basilica

text: of

text: Saint

text: Quentin

text: in

text: Picardy

text: where

text: antique

text: motifs

text: are

text: copied

text: but

text: using

text: only

text: simple

text: colors

text: The

text: mosaics

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Saint

text: Jean

text: at

text: Lyon

text: have

text: been

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: because

text: they

text: employ

text: the

text: same

text: non

text: antique

text: simple

text: colors

text: More

text: fragments

text: were

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Saint

text: Croix

text: at

text: Poitiers

text: which

text: might

text: be

text: from

text: the

text: or

text: century

question: What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages?

answer: scant remains

text: scant remains

question: Where is the Abbey of Saint-Martial?

answer: Limoges

text: Limoges

question: When was the crypt of the Abbey of Saint-Martial re-discovered?

answer: the 1960s

text: the 1960s

question: What was found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin?

answer: 9th century mosaic

text: 9th century mosaic

question: What common element do mosaic panels from the 11th century have?

answer: simple colors

text: simple colors


text: In Catalonia people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty King Carnival), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes (King of the Crackpots), Princep etern de Cornudella (Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry), Duc de ximples i corrumputs (Duke of Fools and the Corrupt), Marquès de la bona mamella (Marquis of the lovely breast), Comte de tots els barruts (Count of the Insolent), Baró de les Calaverades (Baron of Nocturnal Debaucheries), and Senyor de l'alt Plàtan florit, dels barraquers i gamberrades i artista d'honor dalt del llit (Lord of the Tall Banana in Bloom, of the Voyeurs and Punks and the Artist of Honor upon the Bed).

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: In

text: Catalonia

text: people

text: dress

text: in

text: masks

text: and

text: costume

text: often

text: in

text: themed

text: groups

text: and

text: organize

text: a

text: week

text: long

text: series

text: of

text: parties

text: pranks

text: outlandish

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: bed

text: races

text: street

text: dramas

text: satirizing

text: public

text: figures

text: and

text: raucous

text: processions

text: to

text: welcome

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: Sa

text: Majestat

text: el

text: Rei

text: Carnestoltes

text: His

text: Majesty

text: King

text: Carnival

text: known

text: by

text: various

text: titles

text: including

text: el

text: Rei

text: dels

text: poca

text: soltes

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Crackpots

text: Princep

text: etern

text: de

text: Cornudella

text: Eternal

text: Prince

text: of

text: Cuckoldry

text: Duc

text: de

text: ximples

text: i

text: corrumputs

text: Duke

text: of

text: Fools

text: and

text: the

text: Corrupt

text: Marquès

text: de

text: la

text: bona

text: mamella

text: Marquis

text: of

text: the

text: lovely

text: breast

text: Comte

text: de

text: tots

text: els

text: barruts

text: Count

text: of

text: the

text: Insolent

text: Baró

text: de

text: les

text: Calaverades

text: Baron

text: of

text: Nocturnal

text: Debaucheries

text: and

text: Senyor

text: de

text: l'alt

text: Plàtan

text: florit

text: dels

text: barraquers

text: i

text: gamberrades

text: i

text: artista

text: d'honor

text: dalt

text: del

text: llit

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Tall

text: Banana

text: in

text: Bloom

text: of

text: the

text: Voyeurs

text: and

text: Punks

text: and

text: the

text: Artist

text: of

text: Honor

text: upon

text: the

text: Bed

question: Where do people dress in masks and costume?

answer: Catalonia

text: Catalonia

question: What are raced as part of the festivities?

answer: bed

text: bed

question: What is Cantalonian for Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry?

answer: Princep etern de Cornudella

text: Princep etern de Cornudella

question: Who has a lovely breast?

answer: Marquès

text: Marquès

question: Who is upon the bed?

answer: the Artist of Honor

text: the Artist of Honor