text: In signal processing, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by identifying unnecessary information and removing it. The process of reducing the size of a data file is referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding (encoding done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted) in opposition to channel coding.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: In

text: signal

text: processing

text: data

text: compression

text: source

text: coding

text: or

text: bit

text: rate

text: reduction

text: involves

text: encoding

text: information

text: using

text: fewer

text: bits

text: than

text: the

text: original

text: representation

text: Compression

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: lossy

text: or

text: lossless

text: Lossless

text: compression

text: reduces

text: bits

text: by

text: identifying

text: and

text: eliminating

text: statistical

text: redundancy

text: No

text: information

text: is

text: lost

text: in

text: lossless

text: compression

text: Lossy

text: compression

text: reduces

text: bits

text: by

text: identifying

text: unnecessary

text: information

text: and

text: removing

text: it

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: reducing

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: a

text: data

text: file

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: data

text: compression

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: data

text: transmission

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: source

text: coding

text: encoding

text: done

text: at

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: data

text: before

text: it

text: is

text: stored

text: or

text: transmitted

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: channel

text: coding

question: What involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation?

answer: data compression

text: data compression

question: What can be either lossy or lossless?

answer: Compression

text: Compression

question: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy?

answer: Lossless compression

text: Lossless compression

question: What is the process called of reducing the size of a data file?

answer: data compression

text: data compression

question: What is the process called of encoding at the source of the data before it's processed?

answer: source coding

text: source coding


text: French policy was, moreover, complicated by the existence of the le Secret du roi—a system of private diplomacy conducted by King Louis XV. Unbeknownst to his foreign minister, Louis had established a network of agents throughout Europe with the goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies. Louis’s goals for le Secret du roi included an attempt to win the Polish crown for his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti, and the maintenance of Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: French

text: policy

text: was

text: moreover

text: complicated

text: by

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: le

text: Secret

text: du

text: roi

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: private

text: diplomacy

text: conducted

text: by

text: King

text: Louis

text: XV

text: Unbeknownst

text: to

text: his

text: foreign

text: minister

text: Louis

text: had

text: established

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: agents

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: pursuing

text: personal

text: political

text: objectives

text: that

text: were

text: often

text: at

text: odds

text: with

text: France

text: ’s

text: publicly

text: stated

text: policies

text: Louis

text: ’s

text: goals

text: for

text: le

text: Secret

text: du

text: roi

text: included

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Polish

text: crown

text: for

text: his

text: kinsman

text: Louis

text: François

text: de

text: Bourbon

text: prince

text: de

text: Conti

text: and

text: the

text: maintenance

text: of

text: Poland

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Turkey

text: as

text: French

text: client

text: states

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: Russian

text: and

text: Austrian

text: interests

question: What was the objective of le Secret du roi?

answer: goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies

text: goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies

question: Who did King Louis XV want on the Polish throne?

answer: his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti,

text: his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti,

question: What was King Louis XV's secret ambition for Sweden and Turkey?

answer: Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests

text: Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests

question: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?

answer: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister,

text: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister,

question: What countries did King Louis XV want keep in his sphere of influence to thwart the interests of Russia?

answer: Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian

text: Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian


text: The subsequent 1912 Salon des Indépendants was marked by the presentation of Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, which itself caused a scandal, even amongst the Cubists. It was in fact rejected by the hanging committee, which included his brothers and other Cubists. Although the work was shown in the Salon de la Section d'Or in October 1912 and the 1913 Armory Show in New York, Duchamp never forgave his brothers and former colleagues for censoring his work. Juan Gris, a new addition to the Salon scene, exhibited his Portrait of Picasso (Art Institute of Chicago), while Metzinger's two showings included La Femme au Cheval (Woman with a horse) 1911-1912 (National Gallery of Denmark). Delaunay's monumental La Ville de Paris (Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris) and Léger's La Noce, The Wedding (Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris) were also exhibited.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: subsequent

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: 's

text: Nude

text: Descending

text: a

text: Staircase

text: No

text: which

text: itself

text: caused

text: a

text: scandal

text: even

text: amongst

text: the

text: Cubists

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: fact

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: hanging

text: committee

text: which

text: included

text: his

text: brothers

text: and

text: other

text: Cubists

text: Although

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: shown

text: in

text: the

text: Salon

text: de

text: la

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: in

text: October

text: and

text: the

text: Armory

text: Show

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Duchamp

text: never

text: forgave

text: his

text: brothers

text: and

text: former

text: colleagues

text: for

text: censoring

text: his

text: work

text: Juan

text: Gris

text: a

text: new

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Salon

text: scene

text: exhibited

text: his

text: Portrait

text: of

text: Picasso

text: Art

text: Institute

text: of

text: Chicago

text: while

text: Metzinger

text: 's

text: two

text: showings

text: included

text: La

text: Femme

text: au

text: Cheval

text: Woman

text: with

text: a

text: horse

text: National

text: Gallery

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Delaunay

text: 's

text: monumental

text: La

text: Ville

text: de

text: Paris

text: Musée

text: d'art

text: moderne

text: de

text: la

text: Ville

text: de

text: Paris

text: and

text: Léger

text: 's

text: La

text: Noce

text: The

text: Wedding

text: Musée

text: National

text: d'Art

text: Moderne

text: Paris

text: were

text: also

text: exhibited

question: Which Duchamp presentation was displayed in the 1912 Salon des Independants?

answer: Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

text: Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

question: Was Duchamp's work considered controversial when displayed in 1912?

answer: caused a scandal

text: caused a scandal

question: What were one of  Metzingers two showings in 1912's Salon des Independants?

answer: La Femme au Cheval (Woman with a horse) 1911-1912

text: La Femme au Cheval (Woman with a horse) 1911-1912


text: Asphalt/bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites. However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct. The vast Alberta bitumen resources are believed to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean covered Alberta. They were covered by mud, buried deeply over the eons, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of 50 to 150 °C (120 to 300 °F). Due to pressure from the rising of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, 80 to 55 million years ago, the oil was driven northeast hundreds of kilometres into underground sand deposits left behind by ancient river beds and ocean beaches, thus forming the oil sands.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Asphalt

text: bitumen

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: organic

text: matter

text: in

text: carbonaceous

text: meteorites

text: However

text: detailed

text: studies

text: have

text: shown

text: these

text: materials

text: to

text: be

text: distinct

text: The

text: vast

text: Alberta

text: bitumen

text: resources

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: started

text: out

text: as

text: living

text: material

text: from

text: marine

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: mainly

text: algae

text: that

text: died

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: ago

text: when

text: an

text: ancient

text: ocean

text: covered

text: Alberta

text: They

text: were

text: covered

text: by

text: mud

text: buried

text: deeply

text: over

text: the

text: eons

text: and

text: gently

text: cooked

text: into

text: oil

text: by

text: geothermal

text: heat

text: at

text: a

text: temperature

text: of

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: Due

text: to

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: rising

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Alberta

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: the

text: oil

text: was

text: driven

text: northeast

text: hundreds

text: of

text: kilometres

text: into

text: underground

text: sand

text: deposits

text: left

text: behind

text: by

text: ancient

text: river

text: beds

text: and

text: ocean

text: beaches

text: thus

text: forming

text: the

text: oil

text: sands

question: To what is the organic matter in asphalt similar?

answer: meteorites

text: meteorites

question: What did the Alberta bitumen mines begin as?

answer: living material

text: living material

question: What kind of living materials formed the basis of bitumen?

answer: plants and animals

text: plants and animals

question: What feature originally covered Alberta?

answer: ocean

text: ocean

question: What temperatures did the organic deposits need to form bitumen over the eons?

answer: 50 to 150 °C

text: 50 to 150 °C


text: However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole "imperium" within the city of Rome, permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory, since all future generals were assumed to be acting under his command. In 27 BC Octavian was granted the use of the names "Augustus" and "Princeps", indicating his primary status above all other Romans, and he adopted the title "Imperator Caesar" making him the first Roman Emperor.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: However

text: civil

text: war

text: flared

text: again

text: when

text: the

text: Second

text: Triumvirate

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Lepidus

text: and

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: failed

text: The

text: ambitious

text: Octavian

text: built

text: a

text: power

text: base

text: of

text: patronage

text: and

text: then

text: launched

text: a

text: campaign

text: against

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: At

text: the

text: naval

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Greece

text: Octavian

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: Octavian

text: was

text: granted

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: special

text: powers

text: including

text: sole

text: imperium

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: permanent

text: consular

text: powers

text: and

text: credit

text: for

text: every

text: Roman

text: military

text: victory

text: since

text: all

text: future

text: generals

text: were

text: assumed

text: to

text: be

text: acting

text: under

text: his

text: command

text: In

text: BC

text: Octavian

text: was

text: granted

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: names

text: Augustus

text: and

text: Princeps

text: indicating

text: his

text: primary

text: status

text: above

text: all

text: other

text: Romans

text: and

text: he

text: adopted

text: the

text: title

text: Imperator

text: Caesar

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: first

text: Roman

text: Emperor

question: What failure caused the the flares of civil war to spark up again?

answer: Second Triumvirate of Octavian

text: Second Triumvirate of Octavian

question: In what year was Octavian first allowed to use the names Augustus and Princeps?

answer: 27 BC

text: 27 BC

question: Who defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium?

answer: Octavian

text: Octavian

question: Which individual was granted permanent consular powers?

answer: Octavian

text: Octavian

question: Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome?

answer: Octavian

text: Octavian


text: The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: London

text: Gazette

text: of

text: March

text: published

text: a

text: patent

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: John

text: Lofting

text: for

text: a

text: fire

text: engine

text: but

text: remarked

text: upon

text: and

text: recommended

text: another

text: invention

text: of

text: his

text: for

text: a

text: beer

text: pump

question: In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump?

answer: London Gazette

text: London Gazette

question: On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published?

answer: 17 March 1691

text: 17 March 1691


text: Napoleon had a civil marriage with Joséphine de Beauharnais, without religious ceremony. During the campaign in Egypt, Napoleon showed much tolerance towards religion for a revolutionary general, holding discussions with Muslim scholars and ordering religious celebrations, but General Dupuy, who accompanied Napoleon, revealed, shortly after Pope Pius VI's death, the political reasons for such behaviour: "We are fooling Egyptians with our pretended interest for their religion; neither Bonaparte nor we believe in this religion more than we did in Pius the Defunct's one".[note 8] In his memoirs, Bonaparte's secretary Bourienne wrote about Napoleon's religious interests in the same vein. His religious opportunism is epitomized in his famous quote: "It is by making myself Catholic that I brought peace to Brittany and Vendée. It is by making myself Italian that I won minds in Italy. It is by making myself a Moslem that I established myself in Egypt. If I governed a nation of Jews, I should reestablish the Temple of Solomon." However, according to Juan Cole, "Bonaparte's admiration for the Prophet Muhammad, in contrast, was genuine" and during his captivity on St Helena he defended him against Voltaire's critical play Mahomet.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: had

text: a

text: civil

text: marriage

text: with

text: Joséphine

text: de

text: Beauharnais

text: without

text: religious

text: ceremony

text: During

text: the

text: campaign

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Napoleon

text: showed

text: much

text: tolerance

text: towards

text: religion

text: for

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: general

text: holding

text: discussions

text: with

text: Muslim

text: scholars

text: and

text: ordering

text: religious

text: celebrations

text: but

text: General

text: Dupuy

text: who

text: accompanied

text: Napoleon

text: revealed

text: shortly

text: after

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: VI

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: political

text: reasons

text: for

text: such

text: behaviour

text: We

text: are

text: fooling

text: Egyptians

text: with

text: our

text: pretended

text: interest

text: for

text: their

text: religion

text: neither

text: Bonaparte

text: nor

text: we

text: believe

text: in

text: this

text: religion

text: more

text: than

text: we

text: did

text: in

text: Pius

text: the

text: Defunct

text: 's

text: one".[note

text: In

text: his

text: memoirs

text: Bonaparte

text: 's

text: secretary

text: Bourienne

text: wrote

text: about

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: religious

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: vein

text: His

text: religious

text: opportunism

text: is

text: epitomized

text: in

text: his

text: famous

text: quote

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: making

text: myself

text: Catholic

text: that

text: I

text: brought

text: peace

text: to

text: Brittany

text: and

text: Vendée

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: making

text: myself

text: Italian

text: that

text: I

text: won

text: minds

text: in

text: Italy

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: making

text: myself

text: a

text: Moslem

text: that

text: I

text: established

text: myself

text: in

text: Egypt

text: If

text: I

text: governed

text: a

text: nation

text: of

text: Jews

text: I

text: should

text: reestablish

text: the

text: Temple

text: of

text: Solomon

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: Juan

text: Cole

text: Bonaparte

text: 's

text: admiration

text: for

text: the

text: Prophet

text: Muhammad

text: in

text: contrast

text: was

text: genuine

text: and

text: during

text: his

text: captivity

text: on

text: St

text: Helena

text: he

text: defended

text: him

text: against

text: Voltaire

text: 's

text: critical

text: play

text: Mahomet

question: What type of marriage did Napoleon have with Joséphine de Beauharnais?

answer: civil

text: civil

question: What did Napoleon display tolerance related to during his time in Egypt?

answer: religion

text: religion

question: General Dupuy revealed the motives for Napoleon's religious tolerance after the death of which religious figure?

answer: Pope Pius VI

text: Pope Pius VI

question: Who argued that Bonaparte's admiration for Muhammad was sincere?

answer: Juan Cole

text: Juan Cole

question: Napoleon's marriage to Joséphine de Beauharnais lacked what kind of ceremony?

answer: religious

text: religious


text: As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A but does not allow concurrent data transmission. The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current[citation needed] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1.5 A.

title: USB

title: USB

text: As

text: with

text: previous

text: USB

text: versions

text: USB

text: ports

text: come

text: in

text: low

text: power

text: and

text: high

text: power

text: variants

text: providing

text: mA

text: and

text: mA

text: respectively

text: while

text: simultaneously

text: transmitting

text: data

text: at

text: SuperSpeed

text: rates

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: Battery

text: Charging

text: Specification

text: Version

text: December

text: which

text: increases

text: the

text: power

text: handling

text: capability

text: to

text: A

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: allow

text: concurrent

text: data

text: transmission

text: The

text: Battery

text: Charging

text: Specification

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: physical

text: ports

text: themselves

text: be

text: capable

text: of

text: handling

text: A

text: of

text: current[citation

text: needed

text: but

text: limits

text: the

text: maximum

text: current

text: drawn

text: to

text: A.

question: What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports?

answer: low-power and high-power

text: low-power and high-power

question: What do the power variants provide?

answer: 150 mA and 900 mA respectively

text: 150 mA and 900 mA respectively

question: What does the Battery Charging Specification do?

answer: increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A

text: increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A

question: What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification?

answer: does not allow concurrent data transmission

text: does not allow concurrent data transmission


text: At present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest. The opening is envisaged at the end of 2011, with an average usage of 41,000 vehicles a day. Estimates of the French Works Commissioner however, raised some doubts over the interest of such a project, since it would pick up only about 10% of the traffic of the A35 at Strasbourg. Paradoxically, this reversed the situation of the 1950s. At that time, the French trunk road left of the Rhine not been built, so that traffic would cross into Germany to use the Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: At

text: present

text: plans

text: are

text: being

text: considered

text: for

text: building

text: a

text: new

text: dual

text: carriageway

text: west

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: which

text: would

text: reduce

text: the

text: buildup

text: of

text: traffic

text: in

text: that

text: area

text: by

text: picking

text: up

text: north

text: and

text: southbound

text: vehicles

text: and

text: getting

text: rid

text: of

text: the

text: buildup

text: outside

text: Strasbourg

text: The

text: line

text: plans

text: to

text: link

text: up

text: the

text: interchange

text: of

text: Hœrdt

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: with

text: Innenheim

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: opening

text: is

text: envisaged

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: usage

text: of

text: vehicles

text: a

text: day

text: Estimates

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Works

text: Commissioner

text: however

text: raised

text: some

text: doubts

text: over

text: the

text: interest

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: project

text: since

text: it

text: would

text: pick

text: up

text: only

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: traffic

text: of

text: the

text: at

text: Strasbourg

text: Paradoxically

text: this

text: reversed

text: the

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: French

text: trunk

text: road

text: left

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: not

text: been

text: built

text: so

text: that

text: traffic

text: would

text: cross

text: into

text: Germany

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: Karlsruhe

text: Basel

text: Autobahn

question: What is currently being planed west of Strasbourg?

answer: new dual carriageway

text: new dual carriageway

question: What would the use of a new carriageway do in Alsace?

answer: reduce the buildup of traffic in that area

text: reduce the buildup of traffic in that area

question: What is the name the German Highway  that would of been crossed with the French Truck road?

answer: Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn

text: Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn

question: The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections?

answer: Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest

text: Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest


text: Spielberg next directed the historical drama film Lincoln, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. Based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's bestseller Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, the film covered the final four months of Lincoln's life. Written by Tony Kushner, the film was shot in Richmond, Virginia, in late 2011, and was released in the United States by Disney in November 2012. The film's international distribution was handled by 20th Century Fox. Upon release, Lincoln received widespread critical acclaim, and was nominated for twelve Academy Awards (the most of any film that year) including Best Picture and Best Director for Spielberg. It won the award for Best Production Design and Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Lincoln, becoming the first three time winner in that category as well as the first to win for a performance directed by Spielberg.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: next

text: directed

text: the

text: historical

text: drama

text: film

text: Lincoln

text: starring

text: Daniel

text: Day

text: Lewis

text: as

text: United

text: States

text: President

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: and

text: Sally

text: Field

text: as

text: Mary

text: Todd

text: Lincoln

text: Based

text: on

text: Doris

text: Kearns

text: Goodwin

text: 's

text: bestseller

text: Team

text: of

text: Rivals

text: The

text: Political

text: Genius

text: of

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: the

text: film

text: covered

text: the

text: final

text: four

text: months

text: of

text: Lincoln

text: 's

text: life

text: Written

text: by

text: Tony

text: Kushner

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: shot

text: in

text: Richmond

text: Virginia

text: in

text: late

text: and

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: Disney

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: international

text: distribution

text: was

text: handled

text: by

text: Century

text: Fox

text: Upon

text: release

text: Lincoln

text: received

text: widespread

text: critical

text: acclaim

text: and

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: twelve

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: any

text: film

text: that

text: year

text: including

text: Best

text: Picture

text: and

text: Best

text: Director

text: for

text: Spielberg

text: It

text: won

text: the

text: award

text: for

text: Best

text: Production

text: Design

text: and

text: Day

text: Lewis

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Lincoln

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: time

text: winner

text: in

text: that

text: category

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: win

text: for

text: a

text: performance

text: directed

text: by

text: Spielberg

question: Who starred in 'Lincoln' as Abraham Lincoln?

answer: Daniel Day-Lewis

text: Daniel Day-Lewis

question: What book was 'Lincoln' based on?

answer: Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

text: Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

question: What part of Lincoln's life did the film cover?

answer: the final four months

text: the final four months

question: Where was 'Lincoln' filmed?

answer: Richmond, Virginia

text: Richmond, Virginia

question: Who played Mary Todd Lincoln in 'Lincoln'?

answer: Sally Field

text: Sally Field


text: When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Coliseum rapidly deteriorated. Believing the upkeep on the venue to be a drain of tax dollars, the DeStefano administration closed the Coliseum in 2002; it was demolished in 2007. New Haven's last professional sports team, the New Haven County Cutters, left in 2009. The DeStefano administration did, however, see the construction of the New Haven Athletic Center in 1998, a 94,000-square-foot (8,700 m2) indoor athletic facility with a seating capacity of over 3,000. The NHAC, built adjacent to Hillhouse High School, is used for New Haven public schools athletics, as well as large-scale area and state sporting events; it is the largest high school indoor sports complex in the state.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: When

text: John

text: DeStefano

text: Jr.

text: became

text: mayor

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: in

text: he

text: outlined

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: transform

text: the

text: city

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: cultural

text: and

text: arts

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: Northeast

text: which

text: involved

text: investments

text: in

text: programs

text: and

text: projects

text: other

text: than

text: sports

text: franchises

text: As

text: nearby

text: Bridgeport

text: built

text: new

text: sports

text: facilities

text: the

text: brutalist

text: New

text: Haven

text: Coliseum

text: rapidly

text: deteriorated

text: Believing

text: the

text: upkeep

text: on

text: the

text: venue

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: drain

text: of

text: tax

text: dollars

text: the

text: DeStefano

text: administration

text: closed

text: the

text: Coliseum

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: demolished

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: last

text: professional

text: sports

text: team

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: County

text: Cutters

text: left

text: in

text: The

text: DeStefano

text: administration

text: did

text: however

text: see

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: Athletic

text: Center

text: in

text: a

text: foot

text: indoor

text: athletic

text: facility

text: with

text: a

text: seating

text: capacity

text: of

text: over

text: The

text: NHAC

text: built

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Hillhouse

text: High

text: School

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: New

text: Haven

text: public

text: schools

text: athletics

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: large

text: scale

text: area

text: and

text: state

text: sporting

text: events

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: high

text: school

text: indoor

text: sports

text: complex

text: in

text: the

text: state

question: What 1995 mayor of New Haven sought to reinvent the area into a northeastern hub of art and culture?

answer: John DeStefano, Jr.

text: John DeStefano, Jr.

question: What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002?

answer: New Haven Coliseum

text: New Haven Coliseum

question: What was New Haven's last professional sports team?

answer: New Haven County Cutters

text: New Haven County Cutters

question: What indoor sporting complex in New Haven was constructed by the DeStefano administration in 1998?

answer: New Haven Athletic Center

text: New Haven Athletic Center

question: What is the approximate seating capacity of the New Haven Athletic Center?

answer: over 3,000

text: over 3,000

question: Who was the mayor for the city in the late 90s?

answer: John DeStefano, Jr

text: John DeStefano, Jr

question: Due to the heavy upkeep, DeStefano decided to close what major infrastructure in the city?

answer: New Haven Coliseum

text: New Haven Coliseum

question: When was the last time New Haven had a professional sport team?

answer: 2009

question: In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center?

answer: over 3,000

text: over 3,000


text: CJON-DT, known on air as "NTV", is an independent station. The station sublicenses entertainment programming from Global and news programming from CTV and Global, rather than purchasing primary broadcast rights. Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters in St. John's, and their community channel Rogers TV airs local shows such as Out of the Fog and One Chef One Critic. CBC has its Newfoundland and Labrador headquarters in the city and their television station CBNT-DT broadcasts from University Avenue.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: CJON

text: DT

text: known

text: on

text: air

text: as

text: NTV

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: station

text: The

text: station

text: sublicenses

text: entertainment

text: programming

text: from

text: Global

text: and

text: news

text: programming

text: from

text: CTV

text: and

text: Global

text: rather

text: than

text: purchasing

text: primary

text: broadcast

text: rights

text: Rogers

text: Cable

text: has

text: its

text: provincial

text: headquarters

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: and

text: their

text: community

text: channel

text: Rogers

text: TV

text: airs

text: local

text: shows

text: such

text: as

text: Out

text: of

text: the

text: Fog

text: and

text: One

text: Chef

text: One

text: Critic

text: CBC

text: has

text: its

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: headquarters

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: their

text: television

text: station

text: CBNT

text: DT

text: broadcasts

text: from

text: University

text: Avenue

question: Where does Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters?

answer: St. John's

text: St. John's

question: What is the name of CBC's television station in St. John's?

answer: CBNT-DT

text: CBNT-DT

question: What channel in St. John's airs Out of the Fog?

answer: Rogers TV

text: Rogers TV

question: Where does CBNT-DT broadcast from?

answer: University Avenue

text: University Avenue


text: Carnivore and herbivore diets are contrasting, with basic nitrogen and carbon proportions vary for their particular foods. "The nitrogen content of plant tissues averages about 2%, while in fungi, animals, and bacteria it averages about 5% to 10%." Many herbivores rely on bacterial fermentation to create digestible nutrients from indigestible plant cellulose, while obligate carnivores must eat animal meats to obtain certain vitamins or nutrients their bodies cannot otherwise synthesize. All animals' diets must provide sufficient amounts of the basic building blocks they need, up to the point where their particular biology can synthesize the rest. Animal tissue contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds in turn consist of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and so on. All of these chemical compounds and elements occur in various forms and combinations (e.g. hormones, vitamins, phospholipids, hydroxyapatite).

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Carnivore

text: and

text: herbivore

text: diets

text: are

text: contrasting

text: with

text: basic

text: nitrogen

text: and

text: carbon

text: proportions

text: vary

text: for

text: their

text: particular

text: foods

text: The

text: nitrogen

text: content

text: of

text: plant

text: tissues

text: averages

text: about

text: while

text: in

text: fungi

text: animals

text: and

text: bacteria

text: it

text: averages

text: about

text: to

text: Many

text: herbivores

text: rely

text: on

text: bacterial

text: fermentation

text: to

text: create

text: digestible

text: nutrients

text: from

text: indigestible

text: plant

text: cellulose

text: while

text: obligate

text: carnivores

text: must

text: eat

text: animal

text: meats

text: to

text: obtain

text: certain

text: vitamins

text: or

text: nutrients

text: their

text: bodies

text: can

text: not

text: otherwise

text: synthesize

text: All

text: animals

text: diets

text: must

text: provide

text: sufficient

text: amounts

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: building

text: blocks

text: they

text: need

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: their

text: particular

text: biology

text: can

text: synthesize

text: the

text: rest

text: Animal

text: tissue

text: contains

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: carbohydrates

text: sugar

text: starch

text: and

text: fiber

text: amino

text: acids

text: in

text: proteins

text: fatty

text: acids

text: in

text: lipids

text: and

text: nucleic

text: acids

text: DNA

text: and

text: RNA

text: These

text: compounds

text: in

text: turn

text: consist

text: of

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: carbon

text: hydrogen

text: oxygen

text: nitrogen

text: phosphorus

text: calcium

text: iron

text: zinc

text: magnesium

text: manganese

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: and

text: elements

text: occur

text: in

text: various

text: forms

text: and

text: combinations

text: e.g.

text: hormones

text: vitamins

text: phospholipids

text: hydroxyapatite

question: Other than nitrogen, what other element varies greatly between a carnivore and herbivore diet?

answer: carbon

text: carbon

question: What percentage of nitrogen content is generally found in fungi?

answer: 5% to 10%

text: 5% to 10%

question: What process of breaking down cellulose do herbivores rely on for their essential nutrients?

answer: bacterial fermentation

text: bacterial fermentation

question: Other than sugar and fiber, what else are carbohydrates consisted of?

answer: starch

text: starch

question: Where can fatty acids be found?

answer: lipids

text: lipids


text: The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: The

text: Dean

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: titular

text: church

text: also

text: receives

text: the

text: titular

text: bishopric

text: of

text: Ostia

text: the

text: primary

text: suburbicarian

text: see

text: Cardinals

text: governing

text: a

text: particular

text: Church

text: retain

text: that

text: church

question: Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?

answer: The Dean of the College of Cardinals

text: The Dean of the College of Cardinals

question: What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?

answer: titular bishopric of Ostia

text: titular bishopric of Ostia


text: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons."

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Y

text: DNA

text: studies

text: tend

text: to

text: imply

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: founders

text: in

text: an

text: old

text: population

text: whose

text: members

text: parted

text: and

text: followed

text: different

text: migration

text: paths

text: In

text: most

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: these

text: male

text: line

text: ancestors

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: mainly

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: For

text: example

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: share

text: more

text: common

text: paternal

text: lineages

text: with

text: other

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: groups

text: than

text: with

text: non

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: Jews

text: lived

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Rhine

text: Valley

text: This

text: is

text: consistent

text: with

text: Jewish

text: traditions

text: in

text: placing

text: most

text: Jewish

text: paternal

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Conversely

text: the

text: maternal

text: lineages

text: of

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: studied

text: by

text: looking

text: at

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: are

text: generally

text: more

text: heterogeneous

text: Scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Harry

text: Ostrer

text: and

text: Raphael

text: Falk

text: believe

text: this

text: indicates

text: that

text: many

text: Jewish

text: males

text: found

text: new

text: mates

text: from

text: European

text: and

text: other

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: places

text: where

text: they

text: migrated

text: in

text: the

text: diaspora

text: after

text: fleeing

text: ancient

text: Israel

text: In

text: contrast

text: Behar

text: has

text: found

text: evidence

text: that

text: about

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: originate

text: maternally

text: from

text: just

text: four

text: female

text: founders

text: who

text: were

text: of

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: origin

text: The

text: populations

text: of

text: Sephardi

text: and

text: Mizrahi

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: showed

text: no

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: narrow

text: founder

text: effect

text: Subsequent

text: studies

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: Feder

text: et

text: al

text: confirmed

text: the

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: non

text: local

text: maternal

text: origin

text: among

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: Reflecting

text: on

text: their

text: findings

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: maternal

text: origin

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: the

text: authors

text: conclude

text: Clearly

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: Jews

text: and

text: non

text: Jews

text: are

text: far

text: larger

text: than

text: those

text: observed

text: among

text: the

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: Hence

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: can

text: be

text: overlooked

text: when

text: non

text: Jews

text: are

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: comparisons

question: Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with what group?

answer: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups

text: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups

question: Jewish traditions place most Jewish paternal origins in which region?

answer: Middle East

text: Middle East

question: Which lineages are generally more heterogeneous?

answer: maternal lineages

text: maternal lineages


text: DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: DST

text: has

text: mixed

text: effects

text: on

text: health

text: In

text: societies

text: with

text: fixed

text: work

text: schedules

text: it

text: provides

text: more

text: afternoon

text: sunlight

text: for

text: outdoor

text: exercise

text: It

text: alters

text: sunlight

text: exposure

text: whether

text: this

text: is

text: beneficial

text: depends

text: on

text: one

text: 's

text: location

text: and

text: daily

text: schedule

text: as

text: sunlight

text: triggers

text: vitamin

text: D

text: synthesis

text: in

text: the

text: skin

text: but

text: overexposure

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: skin

text: cancer

text: DST

text: may

text: help

text: in

text: depression

text: by

text: causing

text: individuals

text: to

text: rise

text: earlier

text: but

text: some

text: argue

text: the

text: reverse

text: The

text: Retinitis

text: Pigmentosa

text: Foundation

text: Fighting

text: Blindness

text: chaired

text: by

text: blind

text: sports

text: magnate

text: Gordon

text: Gund

text: successfully

text: lobbied

text: in

text: and

text: for

text: US

text: DST

text: extensions

question: What do societies with standardized work schedules have more time for because of the increase in afternoon daylight from DST?

answer: outdoor exercise

text: outdoor exercise

question: What vitamin does sunlight help the human body absorb?

answer: vitamin D

text: vitamin D

question: What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.?

answer: Gordon Gund

text: Gordon Gund

question: What cancer can be caused by too much time in the sun?

answer: skin cancer

text: skin cancer

question: Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?

answer: rise earlier

text: rise earlier


text: The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man. It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: Angel

text: Islington

text: was

text: formerly

text: a

text: coaching

text: inn

text: the

text: first

text: on

text: the

text: route

text: northwards

text: out

text: of

text: London

text: where

text: Thomas

text: Paine

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: written

text: much

text: of

text: The

text: Rights

text: of

text: Man

text: It

text: was

text: mentioned

text: by

text: Charles

text: Dickens

text: became

text: a

text: Lyons

text: Corner

text: House

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: a

text: Co

text: operative

text: Bank

question: At what pub did Thomas Paine write The Rights of Man?

answer: The Angel

text: The Angel

question: In what district of London is The Angel located?

answer: Islington

text: Islington

question: What writer mentioned The Angel pub in his writings?

answer: Charles Dickens

text: Charles Dickens

question: What is the present status of the Angel pub?

answer: a Co-operative Bank

text: a Co-operative Bank

question: Prior to becoming a pub, what did the Angel serve as?

answer: a coaching inn

text: a coaching inn


text: President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: President

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: promoted

text: a

text: good

text: neighbor

text: policy

text: that

text: sought

text: better

text: relations

text: with

text: Mexico

text: In

text: a

text: federal

text: judge

text: ruled

text: that

text: three

text: Mexican

text: immigrants

text: were

text: ineligible

text: for

text: citizenship

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: white

text: as

text: required

text: by

text: federal

text: law

text: Mexico

text: protested

text: and

text: Roosevelt

text: decided

text: to

text: circumvent

text: the

text: decision

text: and

text: make

text: sure

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: treated

text: Hispanics

text: as

text: white

text: The

text: State

text: Department

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: the

text: Labor

text: Department

text: and

text: other

text: government

text: agencies

text: therefore

text: made

text: sure

text: to

text: uniformly

text: classify

text: people

text: of

text: Mexican

text: descent

text: as

text: white

text: This

text: policy

text: encouraged

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: United

text: Latin

text: American

text: Citizens

text: in

text: its

text: quest

text: to

text: minimize

text: discrimination

text: by

text: asserting

text: their

text: whiteness

question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?

answer: 1935

question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?

answer: Roosevelt

text: Roosevelt

question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?

answer: Mexican

text: Mexican

question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?

answer: white

text: white


text: Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Later

text: fresco

text: replaced

text: the

text: more

text: labor

text: intensive

text: technique

text: of

text: mosaic

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: although

text: mosaics

text: were

text: sometimes

text: used

text: as

text: decoration

text: on

text: medieval

text: cathedrals

text: The

text: Royal

text: Basilica

text: of

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: kings

text: in

text: Székesfehérvár

text: Alba

text: Regia

text: had

text: a

text: mosaic

text: decoration

text: in

text: the

text: apse

text: It

text: was

text: probably

text: a

text: work

text: of

text: Venetian

text: or

text: Ravennese

text: craftsmen

text: executed

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: mosaic

text: was

text: almost

text: totally

text: destroyed

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: basilica

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Golden

text: Gate

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Vitus

text: Cathedral

text: in

text: Prague

text: got

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: golden

text: century

text: mosaic

text: of

text: the

text: Last

text: Judgement

text: above

text: the

text: portal

text: It

text: was

text: executed

text: by

text: Venetian

text: craftsmen

question: What would replace the labor intensive technique of mosaic?

answer: fresco

text: fresco

question: When was the the mosaic at the Royal Basilica of Hungarian Kings destroyed?

answer: the 17th century

text: the 17th century

question: Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral?

answer: Venetian craftsmen

text: Venetian craftsmen

question: What is the Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings also known as?

answer: Alba Regia

text: Alba Regia

question: Where is the Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings?

answer: Székesfehérvár

text: Székesfehérvár


text: Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: Soon

text: after

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Armada

text: in

text: London

text: merchants

text: presented

text: a

text: petition

text: to

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: I

text: for

text: permission

text: to

text: sail

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: The

text: permission

text: was

text: granted

text: and

text: despite

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Armada

text: in

text: on

text: April

text: three

text: ships

text: sailed

text: from

text: Torbay

text: around

text: the

text: Cape

text: of

text: Good

text: Hope

text: to

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: English

text: overseas

text: Indian

text: expeditions

text: One

text: of

text: them

text: Edward

text: Bonventure

text: then

text: sailed

text: around

text: Cape

text: Comorin

text: and

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: Malay

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: subsequently

text: returned

text: to

text: England

text: in

question: The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?

answer: 1588

question: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?

answer: 1589

question: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?

answer: Queen Elizabeth I

text: Queen Elizabeth I

question: how many ships sailed Torbay?

answer: three

text: three

question: who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?

answer: Edward Bonventure

text: Edward Bonventure

question: in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?

answer: 1588

question: how many ships sailed  from Torbay?

answer: three

text: three


text: In 1955, von Neumann was diagnosed with what was either bone or pancreatic cancer. His mother, Margaret von Neumann, was diagnosed with cancer in 1956 and died within two weeks. John had eighteen months from diagnosis till death. In this period von Neumann returned to the Roman Catholic faith that had also been significant to his mother after the family's conversion in 1929–1930. John had earlier said to his mother, "There is probably a God. Many things are easier to explain if there is than if there isn't." Von Neumann held on to his exemplary knowledge of Latin and quoted to a deathbed visitor the declamation "Judex ergo cum sedebit," and ends "Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit securus?" (When the judge His seat hath taken ... What shall wretched I then plead? Who for me shall intercede when the righteous scarce is freed?)

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: In

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: what

text: was

text: either

text: bone

text: or

text: pancreatic

text: cancer

text: His

text: mother

text: Margaret

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: cancer

text: in

text: and

text: died

text: within

text: two

text: weeks

text: John

text: had

text: eighteen

text: months

text: from

text: diagnosis

text: till

text: death

text: In

text: this

text: period

text: von

text: Neumann

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: faith

text: that

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: significant

text: to

text: his

text: mother

text: after

text: the

text: family

text: 's

text: conversion

text: in

text: John

text: had

text: earlier

text: said

text: to

text: his

text: mother

text: There

text: is

text: probably

text: a

text: God

text: Many

text: things

text: are

text: easier

text: to

text: explain

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: than

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: n't

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: held

text: on

text: to

text: his

text: exemplary

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Latin

text: and

text: quoted

text: to

text: a

text: deathbed

text: visitor

text: the

text: declamation

text: Judex

text: ergo

text: cum

text: sedebit

text: and

text: ends

text: Quid

text: sum

text: miser

text: tunc

text: dicturus

text: Quem

text: patronum

text: rogaturus

text: Cum

text: vix

text: iustus

text: sit

text: securus

text: When

text: the

text: judge

text: His

text: seat

text: hath

text: taken

text: What

text: shall

text: wretched

text: I

text: then

text: plead

text: Who

text: for

text: me

text: shall

text: intercede

text: when

text: the

text: righteous

text: scarce

text: is

text: freed

question: In what year was von Neumann diagnosed with cancer?

answer: 1955

question: From when his mother was diagnosed with cancer, how long did she live?

answer: died within two weeks

text: died within two weeks

question: How long did von Neumann survive with cancer?

answer: eighteen months

text: eighteen months


text: As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were calling for national self-determination. During World War I, representatives of the Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes set up organizations in the Allied countries to gain sympathy and recognition. In 1918, after World War I ended, the Slavs established such independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: three

text: free

text: Slavic

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: Bulgaria

text: was

text: also

text: free

text: but

text: was

text: de

text: jure

text: vassal

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: until

text: official

text: independence

text: was

text: declared

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: entire

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: about

text: million

text: were

text: Slavs

text: The

text: Slavic

text: peoples

text: who

text: were

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: denied

text: a

text: voice

text: in

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: were

text: calling

text: for

text: national

text: self

text: determination

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: Czechs

text: Slovaks

text: Poles

text: Serbs

text: Croats

text: and

text: Slovenes

text: set

text: up

text: organizations

text: in

text: the

text: Allied

text: countries

text: to

text: gain

text: sympathy

text: and

text: recognition

text: In

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: ended

text: the

text: Slavs

text: established

text: such

text: independent

text: states

text: as

text: Czechoslovakia

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Slovenes

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

question: What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?

answer: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro

text: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro

question: When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?

answer: 1878

question: Whose official independence was declared in 1908?

answer: Bulgaria

text: Bulgaria

question: When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?

answer: In 1918

text: In 1918


text: Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Although

text: there

text: were

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: department

text: stores

text: in

text: Australia

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Century

text: including

text: chains

text: such

text: as

text: Grace

text: Bros.

text: and

text: Waltons

text: many

text: disappeared

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: Today

text: Myer

text: and

text: David

text: Jones

text: located

text: nationally

text: are

text: practically

text: the

text: national

text: department

text: stores

text: duopoly

text: in

text: Australia

text: When

text: Russian

text: born

text: migrant

text: Sidney

text: Myer

text: came

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: he

text: formed

text: the

text: Myer

text: retail

text: group

text: with

text: his

text: brother

text: Elcon

text: Myer

text: In

text: they

text: opened

text: the

text: first

text: Myer

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: Bendigo

text: Victoria

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: Myer

text: retail

text: group

text: has

text: grown

text: to

text: be

text: Australia

text: 's

text: largest

text: retailer

text: Both

text: Myer

text: and

text: David

text: Jones

text: are

text: up

text: market

text: chains

text: offering

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: products

text: from

text: mid

text: range

text: names

text: to

text: luxury

text: brands

text: Other

text: retail

text: chain

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: Target

text: unrelated

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: chain

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: Venture

text: now

text: defunct

text: Kmart

text: and

text: Big

text: W

text: also

text: located

text: nationally

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: Australia

text: 's

text: discount

text: department

text: stores

text: Harris

text: Scarfe

text: though

text: only

text: operating

text: in

text: four

text: states

text: and

text: one

text: territory

text: is

text: a

text: department

text: store

text: using

text: both

text: the

text: large

text: full

text: line

text: and

text: small

text: discount

text: department

text: store

text: formats

text: Most

text: department

text: stores

text: in

text: Australia

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: credit

text: card

text: companies

text: each

text: having

text: their

text: own

text: benefits

text: while

text: the

text: discount

text: department

text: stores

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: credit

text: card

text: rights

question: What were some of the original Australian department stores?

answer: Grace Bros. and Waltons

text: Grace Bros. and Waltons

question: When did Sydney Myer come to Australia?

answer: 1899

question: Where did the Myer Retail Group open it's first store?

answer: Bendigo, Victoria

text: Bendigo, Victoria

question: What type of department stores are Myer and David Jones?

answer: up-market chains

text: up-market chains

question: What department store brand is now out of business in Australia?

answer: Venture

text: Venture


text: Despite their usurpation of imperial authority, the Fujiwara presided over a period of cultural and artistic flowering at the imperial court and among the aristocracy. There was great interest in graceful poetry and vernacular literature. Two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a simplified script that was developed by using parts of Chinese characters, was abbreviated to hiragana, a cursive syllabary with a distinct writing method that was uniquely Japanese. Hiragana gave written expression to the spoken word and, with it, to the rise in Japan's famous vernacular literature, much of it written by court women who had not been trained in Chinese as had their male counterparts. Three late tenth century and early eleventh century women presented their views of life and romance at the Heian court in Kagerō Nikki by "the mother of Fujiwara Michitsuna", The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. Indigenous art also flourished under the Fujiwara after centuries of imitating Chinese forms. Vividly colored yamato-e, Japanese style paintings of court life and stories about temples and shrines became common in the mid- and late Heian periods, setting patterns for Japanese art to this day.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: Despite

text: their

text: usurpation

text: of

text: imperial

text: authority

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: presided

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: cultural

text: and

text: artistic

text: flowering

text: at

text: the

text: imperial

text: court

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: There

text: was

text: great

text: interest

text: in

text: graceful

text: poetry

text: and

text: vernacular

text: literature

text: Two

text: types

text: of

text: phonetic

text: Japanese

text: script

text: katakana

text: a

text: simplified

text: script

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: using

text: parts

text: of

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: was

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: hiragana

text: a

text: cursive

text: syllabary

text: with

text: a

text: distinct

text: writing

text: method

text: that

text: was

text: uniquely

text: Japanese

text: Hiragana

text: gave

text: written

text: expression

text: to

text: the

text: spoken

text: word

text: and

text: with

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: in

text: Japan

text: 's

text: famous

text: vernacular

text: literature

text: much

text: of

text: it

text: written

text: by

text: court

text: women

text: who

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: trained

text: in

text: Chinese

text: as

text: had

text: their

text: male

text: counterparts

text: Three

text: late

text: tenth

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: eleventh

text: century

text: women

text: presented

text: their

text: views

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: romance

text: at

text: the

text: Heian

text: court

text: in

text: Kagerō

text: Nikki

text: by

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Fujiwara

text: Michitsuna

text: The

text: Pillow

text: Book

text: by

text: Sei

text: Shōnagon

text: and

text: The

text: Tale

text: of

text: Genji

text: by

text: Murasaki

text: Shikibu

text: Indigenous

text: art

text: also

text: flourished

text: under

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: after

text: centuries

text: of

text: imitating

text: Chinese

text: forms

text: Vividly

text: colored

text: yamato

text: e

text: Japanese

text: style

text: paintings

text: of

text: court

text: life

text: and

text: stories

text: about

text: temples

text: and

text: shrines

text: became

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: mid-

text: and

text: late

text: Heian

text: periods

text: setting

text: patterns

text: for

text: Japanese

text: art

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters?

answer: katakana

text: katakana

question: What was the name of the cursive script that gave expression to spoken words?

answer: hiragana

text: hiragana

question: Who is the author of The Pillow Book?

answer: Sei Shōnagon

text: Sei Shōnagon

question: Who is the author of The Tale of Genji?

answer: Murasaki Shikibu

text: Murasaki Shikibu

question: What was the name of the brightly colored paintings depicting court life?

answer: yamato-e

text: yamato-e


text: The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: Supermarine

text: Spitfire

text: was

text: designed

text: and

text: developed

text: in

text: Southampton

text: evolving

text: from

text: the

text: Schneider

text: trophy

text: winning

text: seaplanes

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Its

text: designer

text: R

text: J

text: Mitchell

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Portswood

text: area

text: of

text: Southampton

text: and

text: his

text: house

text: is

text: today

text: marked

text: with

text: a

text: blue

text: plaque

text: Heavy

text: bombing

text: of

text: the

text: factory

text: in

text: September

text: destroyed

text: it

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: homes

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: killing

text: civilians

text: and

text: workers

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: hit

text: Southampton

text: particularly

text: hard

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: strategic

text: importance

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: commercial

text: port

text: and

text: industrial

text: area

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Europe

text: components

text: for

text: a

text: Mulberry

text: harbour

text: were

text: built

text: here

text: After

text: D

text: Day

text: Southampton

text: docks

text: handled

text: military

text: cargo

text: to

text: help

text: keep

text: the

text: Allied

text: forces

text: supplied

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: key

text: target

text: of

text: Luftwaffe

text: bombing

text: raids

text: until

text: late

text: Southampton

text: docks

text: was

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: show

text: Live

text: Another

text: Day

text: in

text: Day

text: p.m.

text: p.m.

question: Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?

answer: R J Mitchell

text: R J Mitchell

question: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?

answer: Portswood

text: Portswood

question: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?

answer: blue

text: blue

question: In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?

answer: September

text: September

question: Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?

answer: Allied forces

text: Allied forces


text: To meet the need for more office space downtown without compromising the city's heritage, the city council amended heritage regulations, which originally restricted height to 15 metres in the area of land on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove, to create the "Commercial Central Retail – West Zone". The new zone will allow for buildings of greater height. A 47-metre, 12-storey office building, which includes retail space and a parking garage, was the first building to be approved in this area.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: To

text: meet

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: more

text: office

text: space

text: downtown

text: without

text: compromising

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: heritage

text: the

text: city

text: council

text: amended

text: heritage

text: regulations

text: which

text: originally

text: restricted

text: height

text: to

text: metres

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: land

text: on

text: Water

text: Street

text: between

text: Bishop

text: 's

text: Cove

text: and

text: Steer

text: 's

text: Cove

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: Commercial

text: Central

text: Retail

text: West

text: Zone

text: The

text: new

text: zone

text: will

text: allow

text: for

text: buildings

text: of

text: greater

text: height

text: A

text: office

text: building

text: which

text: includes

text: retail

text: space

text: and

text: a

text: parking

text: garage

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: building

text: to

text: be

text: approved

text: in

text: this

text: area

question: What was amended to provide more office space in downtown?

answer: heritage regulations

text: heritage regulations

question: What height was the original restriction in downtown for ?

answer: 15 metres

text: 15 metres

question: How tall was the first office building to be approved in the on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove?

answer: 47-metre


text: Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: Elizabeth

text: has

text: held

text: many

text: titles

text: and

text: honorary

text: military

text: positions

text: throughout

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: is

text: Sovereign

text: of

text: many

text: orders

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: countries

text: and

text: has

text: received

text: honours

text: and

text: awards

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: each

text: of

text: her

text: realms

text: she

text: has

text: a

text: distinct

text: title

text: that

text: follows

text: a

text: similar

text: formula

text: Queen

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: and

text: her

text: other

text: realms

text: and

text: territories

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: Queen

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: her

text: other

text: realms

text: and

text: territories

text: in

text: Australia

text: etc

text: In

text: the

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: and

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: which

text: are

text: Crown

text: dependencies

text: rather

text: than

text: separate

text: realms

text: she

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Duke

text: of

text: Normandy

text: and

text: Lord

text: of

text: Mann

text: respectively

text: Additional

text: styles

text: include

text: Defender

text: of

text: the

text: Faith

text: and

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: When

text: in

text: conversation

text: with

text: the

text: Queen

text: the

text: practice

text: is

text: to

text: initially

text: address

text: her

text: as

text: Your

text: Majesty

text: and

text: thereafter

text: as

text: Ma'am

question: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?

answer: similar formula

text: similar formula

question: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?

answer: Crown dependencies

text: Crown dependencies

question: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?

answer: Duke of Normandy

text: Duke of Normandy

question: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?

answer: Lord of Mann

text: Lord of Mann

question: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?

answer: Ma'am

text: Ma'am


text: The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: dogs

text: value

text: to

text: early

text: human

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: led

text: to

text: them

text: quickly

text: becoming

text: ubiquitous

text: across

text: world

text: cultures

text: Dogs

text: perform

text: many

text: roles

text: for

text: people

text: such

text: as

text: hunting

text: herding

text: pulling

text: loads

text: protection

text: assisting

text: police

text: and

text: military

text: companionship

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: aiding

text: handicapped

text: individuals

text: This

text: impact

text: on

text: human

text: society

text: has

text: given

text: them

text: the

text: nickname

text: man

text: 's

text: best

text: friend

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: In

text: some

text: cultures

text: however

text: dogs

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: meat

question: Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?

answer: hunter-gatherers

text: hunter-gatherers

question: Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?

answer: aiding handicapped individuals.

text: aiding handicapped individuals.

question: Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?

answer: man's best friend

text: man's best friend

question: Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions?

answer: a source of meat

text: a source of meat


text: Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, and offering havens for runaway slaves. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole War. The United States now effectively controlled East Florida. Control was necessary according to Secretary of State John Quincy Adams because Florida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage, of the United States, and serving no other earthly purpose than as a post of annoyance to them.".

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: Seminole

text: Indians

text: based

text: in

text: East

text: Florida

text: began

text: raiding

text: Georgia

text: settlements

text: and

text: offering

text: havens

text: for

text: runaway

text: slaves

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: led

text: increasingly

text: frequent

text: incursions

text: into

text: Spanish

text: territory

text: including

text: the

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Seminole

text: Indians

text: by

text: Andrew

text: Jackson

text: that

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Seminole

text: War

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: now

text: effectively

text: controlled

text: East

text: Florida

text: Control

text: was

text: necessary

text: according

text: to

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: John

text: Quincy

text: Adams

text: because

text: Florida

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: derelict

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: occupancy

text: of

text: every

text: enemy

text: civilized

text: or

text: savage

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: serving

text: no

text: other

text: earthly

text: purpose

text: than

text: as

text: a

text: post

text: of

text: annoyance

text: to

text: them

question: Where did Seminole Indians raid

answer: Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements

text: Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements

question: Who did the Indians offer haven to

answer: runaway slaves

text: runaway slaves

question: What is the first Incursion led by Jackson known as now

answer: First Seminole War

text: First Seminole War

question: Why did the US president say the Incursion of Florida was neccessary

answer: orida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage

text: orida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage


text: The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: Cherokee

text: Nation

text: instigated

text: a

text: language

text: preservation

text: plan

text: that

text: involved

text: growing

text: new

text: fluent

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: language

text: from

text: childhood

text: on

text: up

text: through

text: school

text: immersion

text: programs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: collaborative

text: community

text: effort

text: to

text: continue

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: language

text: at

text: home

text: This

text: plan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: ambitious

text: goal

text: that

text: in

text: years

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: people

text: will

text: be

text: fluent

text: in

text: the

text: language

text: The

text: Cherokee

text: Preservation

text: Foundation

text: has

text: invested

text: million

text: into

text: opening

text: schools

text: training

text: teachers

text: and

text: developing

text: curricula

text: for

text: language

text: education

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: initiating

text: community

text: gatherings

text: where

text: the

text: language

text: can

text: be

text: actively

text: used

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: Cherokee

text: language

text: immersion

text: school

text: in

text: Tahlequah

text: Oklahoma

text: that

text: educates

text: students

text: from

text: pre

text: school

text: through

text: eighth

text: grade

text: Graduates

text: are

text: fluent

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: Several

text: universities

text: offer

text: Cherokee

text: as

text: a

text: second

text: language

text: including

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: Northeastern

text: State

text: University

question: Which Native American group is involved in a language preservation project?

answer: Cherokee Nation

text: Cherokee Nation

question: What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee?

answer: 80% or more

text: 80% or more

question: What group runs the Cherokee language preservation project?

answer: Cherokee Preservation Foundation

text: Cherokee Preservation Foundation

question: How much has the Cherokee Preservation Foundation spent on schools?

answer: $3 million

text: $3 million

question: Where is there a Cherokee immersion school?

answer: Tahlequah, Oklahoma

text: Tahlequah, Oklahoma


text: Dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war was growing with the public in the UK and in other countries, aggravated by reports of fiascos, especially the humiliating defeat of the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava. On Sunday, 21 January 1855, a "snowball riot" occurred in Trafalgar Square near St. Martin-in-the-Field in which 1,500 people gathered to protest against the war by pelting buses, cabs, and pedestrians with snow balls. When the police intervened, the snowballs were directed at them. The riot was finally put down by troops and police acting with truncheons. In Parliament, Tories demanded an accounting of all soldiers, cavalry and sailors sent to the Crimea and accurate figures as to the number of casualties that had been sustained by all British armed forces in the Crimea; they were especially concerned with the Battle of Balaclava. When Parliament passed a bill to investigate by the vote of 305 to 148, Aberdeen said he had lost a vote of no confidence and resigned as prime minister on 30 January 1855. The veteran former Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston became prime minister. Palmerston took a hard line; he wanted to expand the war, foment unrest inside the Russian Empire, and permanently reduce the Russian threat to Europe. Sweden and Prussia were willing to join the UK and France, and Russia was isolated.:400–402, 406–408

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Dissatisfaction

text: with

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: growing

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: aggravated

text: by

text: reports

text: of

text: fiascos

text: especially

text: the

text: humiliating

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Balaclava

text: On

text: Sunday

text: January

text: a

text: snowball

text: riot

text: occurred

text: in

text: Trafalgar

text: Square

text: near

text: St.

text: Martin

text: in

text: the

text: Field

text: in

text: which

text: people

text: gathered

text: to

text: protest

text: against

text: the

text: war

text: by

text: pelting

text: buses

text: cabs

text: and

text: pedestrians

text: with

text: snow

text: balls

text: When

text: the

text: police

text: intervened

text: the

text: snowballs

text: were

text: directed

text: at

text: them

text: The

text: riot

text: was

text: finally

text: put

text: down

text: by

text: troops

text: and

text: police

text: acting

text: with

text: truncheons

text: In

text: Parliament

text: Tories

text: demanded

text: an

text: accounting

text: of

text: all

text: soldiers

text: cavalry

text: and

text: sailors

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: Crimea

text: and

text: accurate

text: figures

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: casualties

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: sustained

text: by

text: all

text: British

text: armed

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Crimea

text: they

text: were

text: especially

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Balaclava

text: When

text: Parliament

text: passed

text: a

text: bill

text: to

text: investigate

text: by

text: the

text: vote

text: of

text: to

text: Aberdeen

text: said

text: he

text: had

text: lost

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: no

text: confidence

text: and

text: resigned

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: veteran

text: former

text: Foreign

text: Secretary

text: Lord

text: Palmerston

text: became

text: prime

text: minister

text: Palmerston

text: took

text: a

text: hard

text: line

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: war

text: foment

text: unrest

text: inside

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: and

text: permanently

text: reduce

text: the

text: Russian

text: threat

text: to

text: Europe

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Prussia

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: Russia

text: was

question: On January 21 1855, where did people protest the war?

answer: Trafalgar Square

text: Trafalgar Square

question: How did troops stop the riot?

answer: with truncheons

text: with truncheons

question: What were the people using during the protest?

answer: snowballs

text: snowballs

question: Who resigned as Prime Minister on January 30, 1855?

answer: Aberdeen

text: Aberdeen

question: What position did Lord Palmerston previously hold before becoming a Prime Minister?

answer: Foreign Secretary

text: Foreign Secretary