text: The population grew rapidly, from 800,000 in 1814 to 914,000 in 1830 and 1,067,000 in 1846. The combination of economic and demographic factors led to hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people. Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew in numbers, with famous members such as Baron Haussmann – but also for more distant places like Russia and the Austrian Empire, to take advantage of the new opportunities offered there: Austria had conquered lands in Eastern Europe from the Ottoman Empire and offered generous terms to colonists as a way of consolidating its hold on the new territories. Many Alsatians also began to sail to the United States, settling in many areas from 1820 to 1850. In 1843 and 1844, sailing ships bringing immigrant families from Alsace arrived at the port of New York. Some settled in Illinois, many to farm or to seek success in commercial ventures: for example, the sailing ships Sully (in May 1843) and Iowa (in June 1844) brought families who set up homes in northern Illinois and northern Indiana. Some Alsatian immigrants were noted for their roles in 19th-century American economic development. Others ventured to Canada to settle in southwestern Ontario, notably Waterloo County.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: The

text: population

text: grew

text: rapidly

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: The

text: combination

text: of

text: economic

text: and

text: demographic

text: factors

text: led

text: to

text: hunger

text: housing

text: shortages

text: and

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: work

text: for

text: young

text: people

text: Thus

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: surprising

text: that

text: people

text: left

text: Alsace

text: not

text: only

text: for

text: Paris

text: where

text: the

text: Alsatian

text: community

text: grew

text: in

text: numbers

text: with

text: famous

text: members

text: such

text: as

text: Baron

text: Haussmann

text: but

text: also

text: for

text: more

text: distant

text: places

text: like

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: opportunities

text: offered

text: there

text: Austria

text: had

text: conquered

text: lands

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: offered

text: generous

text: terms

text: to

text: colonists

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: consolidating

text: its

text: hold

text: on

text: the

text: new

text: territories

text: Many

text: Alsatians

text: also

text: began

text: to

text: sail

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: settling

text: in

text: many

text: areas

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: and

text: sailing

text: ships

text: bringing

text: immigrant

text: families

text: from

text: Alsace

text: arrived

text: at

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: Some

text: settled

text: in

text: Illinois

text: many

text: to

text: farm

text: or

text: to

text: seek

text: success

text: in

text: commercial

text: ventures

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: sailing

text: ships

text: Sully

text: in

text: May

text: and

text: Iowa

text: in

text: June

text: brought

text: families

text: who

text: set

text: up

text: homes

text: in

text: northern

text: Illinois

text: and

text: northern

text: Indiana

text: Some

text: Alsatian

text: immigrants

text: were

text: noted

text: for

text: their

text: roles

text: in

text: century

text: American

text: economic

text: development

text: Others

text: ventured

text: to

text: Canada

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Ontario

text: notably

text: Waterloo

text: County

question: What was the population of Alsace in 1846?

answer: 1,067,000

question: What were the reasons for people to begin leaving Alsace?

answer: hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people

text: hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people

question: Between what years did Alatians begin to sail towards the United States?

answer: 1820 to 1850

text: 1820 to 1850


text: Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino, is the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive, which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This, much like the green housing developments, gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communities that support the environment. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Another

text: initiative

text: presented

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Mayor

text: Thomas

text: Menino

text: is

text: the

text: Renew

text: Boston

text: Whole

text: Building

text: Incentive

text: which

text: reduces

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: buildings

text: that

text: are

text: deemed

text: energy

text: efficient

text: This

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: green

text: housing

text: developments

text: gives

text: people

text: of

text: low

text: socioeconomic

text: status

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: find

text: housing

text: in

text: communities

text: that

text: support

text: the

text: environment

text: The

text: ultimate

text: goal

text: of

text: this

text: initiative

text: is

text: to

text: enlist

text: Bostonians

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: a

text: free

text: in

text: home

text: energy

text: assessment

question: Whos is the late Mayor of Boston?

answer: Thomas Menino

text: Thomas Menino

question: Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive?

answer: Mayor Thomas Menino

text: Mayor Thomas Menino

question: The incentive reduced the cost of what in buildings?

answer: cost of living

text: cost of living

question: The goal is to get how  many residents to sign up?

answer: 500

question: How much does the program cost?

answer: free

text: free


text: In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others. When it spreads to the bones, it is also known as "osseous tuberculosis", a form of osteomyelitis. Sometimes, bursting of a tubercular abscess through skin results in tuberculous ulcer. An ulcer originating from nearby infected lymph nodes is painless, slowly enlarging and has an appearance of "wash leather". A potentially more serious, widespread form of TB is called "disseminated tuberculosis", also known as miliary tuberculosis. Miliary TB makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: In

text: of

text: active

text: cases

text: the

text: infection

text: spreads

text: outside

text: the

text: lungs

text: causing

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: TB

text: These

text: are

text: collectively

text: denoted

text: as

text: extrapulmonary

text: tuberculosis

text: Extrapulmonary

text: TB

text: occurs

text: more

text: commonly

text: in

text: immunosuppressed

text: persons

text: and

text: young

text: children

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: HIV

text: this

text: occurs

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: cases

text: Notable

text: extrapulmonary

text: infection

text: sites

text: include

text: the

text: pleura

text: in

text: tuberculous

text: pleurisy

text: the

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: in

text: tuberculous

text: meningitis

text: the

text: lymphatic

text: system

text: in

text: scrofula

text: of

text: the

text: neck

text: the

text: genitourinary

text: system

text: in

text: urogenital

text: tuberculosis

text: and

text: the

text: bones

text: and

text: joints

text: in

text: Pott

text: disease

text: of

text: the

text: spine

text: among

text: others

text: When

text: it

text: spreads

text: to

text: the

text: bones

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: osseous

text: tuberculosis

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: osteomyelitis

text: Sometimes

text: bursting

text: of

text: a

text: tubercular

text: abscess

text: through

text: skin

text: results

text: in

text: tuberculous

text: ulcer

text: An

text: ulcer

text: originating

text: from

text: nearby

text: infected

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: is

text: painless

text: slowly

text: enlarging

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: appearance

text: of

text: wash

text: leather

text: A

text: potentially

text: more

text: serious

text: widespread

text: form

text: of

text: TB

text: is

text: called

text: disseminated

text: tuberculosis

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: miliary

text: tuberculosis

text: Miliary

text: TB

text: makes

text: up

text: about

text: of

text: extrapulmonary

text: cases

question: What's the medical term for TB when it spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body?

answer: extrapulmonary tuberculosis

text: extrapulmonary tuberculosis

question: At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection?

answer: 50%

question: What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"?

answer: miliary tuberculosis

text: miliary tuberculosis

question: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?

answer: young children

text: young children

question: If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called?

answer: tuberculous meningitis

text: tuberculous meningitis


text: In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: In

text: the

text: Neapolitan

text: architect

text: Gaetano

text: Genovese

text: installed

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Palace

text: of

text: Caserta

text: the

text: Flying

text: Chair

text: an

text: elevator

text: ahead

text: of

text: its

text: time

text: covered

text: with

text: chestnut

text: wood

text: outside

text: and

text: with

text: maple

text: wood

text: inside

text: It

text: included

text: a

text: light

text: two

text: benches

text: and

text: a

text: hand

text: operated

text: signal

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: activated

text: from

text: the

text: outside

text: without

text: any

text: effort

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: occupants

text: Traction

text: was

text: controlled

text: by

text: a

text: motor

text: mechanic

text: utilizing

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: toothed

text: wheels

text: A

text: safety

text: system

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: take

text: effect

text: if

text: the

text: cords

text: broke

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: a

text: beam

text: pushed

text: outwards

text: by

text: a

text: steel

text: spring

question: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?

answer: Gaetano Genovese

text: Gaetano Genovese

question: At what location was the "Flying Chair" installed in 1845?

answer: Royal Palace of Caserta

text: Royal Palace of Caserta

question: What type of wood was used on the inside ?

answer: maple

text: maple

question: What controlled the traction?

answer: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels

text: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels

question: What did the safety system consist of?

answer: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring

text: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring


text: After the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels. The binary division altered the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisiana, for instance, although they maintained a strong Louisiana Créole culture related to French culture and language, and practice of Catholicism. African Americans began to create common cause—regardless of their multiracial admixture or social and economic stratification. In 20th-century changes, during the rise of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, the African-American community increased its own pressure for people of any portion of African descent to be claimed by the black community to add to its power.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: After

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: racial

text: segregation

text: forced

text: African

text: Americans

text: to

text: share

text: more

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: lot

text: in

text: society

text: than

text: they

text: might

text: have

text: given

text: widely

text: varying

text: ancestry

text: educational

text: and

text: economic

text: levels

text: The

text: binary

text: division

text: altered

text: the

text: separate

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: traditionally

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: in

text: Louisiana

text: for

text: instance

text: although

text: they

text: maintained

text: a

text: strong

text: Louisiana

text: Créole

text: culture

text: related

text: to

text: French

text: culture

text: and

text: language

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: Catholicism

text: African

text: Americans

text: began

text: to

text: create

text: common

text: cause

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: multiracial

text: admixture

text: or

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: stratification

text: In

text: century

text: changes

text: during

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: and

text: Black

text: Power

text: movements

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: community

text: increased

text: its

text: own

text: pressure

text: for

text: people

text: of

text: any

text: portion

text: of

text: African

text: descent

text: to

text: be

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: black

text: community

text: to

text: add

text: to

text: its

text: power

question: As an example, whose status was downgraded after the civil war?

answer: traditionally free people of color in Louisiana

text: traditionally free people of color in Louisiana

question: Who were increasingly included as African Americans in the 20th century?

answer: people of any portion of African descent

text: people of any portion of African descent


text: Queen contributed music directly to the films Flash Gordon (1980), with "Flash" as the theme song, and Highlander (the original 1986 film), with "A Kind of Magic", "One Year of Love", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", and the theme "Princes of the Universe", which was also used as the theme of the Highlander TV series (1992–1998). In the United States, "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne's World. The single subsequently reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 (with "The Show Must Go On" as the first track on the single) and helped rekindle the band's popularity in North America.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Queen

text: contributed

text: music

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: films

text: Flash

text: Gordon

text: with

text: Flash

text: as

text: the

text: theme

text: song

text: and

text: Highlander

text: the

text: original

text: film

text: with

text: A

text: Kind

text: of

text: Magic

text: One

text: Year

text: of

text: Love

text: Who

text: Wants

text: to

text: Live

text: Forever

text: Hammer

text: to

text: Fall

text: and

text: the

text: theme

text: Princes

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: theme

text: of

text: the

text: Highlander

text: TV

text: series

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: was

text: re

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: in

text: after

text: appearing

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: film

text: Wayne

text: 's

text: World

text: The

text: single

text: subsequently

text: reached

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: with

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: track

text: on

text: the

text: single

text: and

text: helped

text: rekindle

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: popularity

text: in

text: North

text: America

question: Which 1980 movie contained song contributions from Queen?

answer: Flash Gordon

text: Flash Gordon

question: Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song?

answer: Highlander

text: Highlander

question: In what year was Bohemian Rhapsody re-released in the US?

answer: 1992

question: How high did the 1992 Bohemian Rhapsody chart?

answer: two

text: two


text: London has been the setting for many works of literature. The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: setting

text: for

text: many

text: works

text: of

text: literature

text: The

text: literary

text: centres

text: of

text: London

text: have

text: traditionally

text: been

text: hilly

text: Hampstead

text: and

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Bloomsbury

text: Writers

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: the

text: diarist

text: Samuel

text: Pepys

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: eyewitness

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Fire

text: Charles

text: Dickens

text: whose

text: representation

text: of

text: a

text: foggy

text: snowy

text: grimy

text: London

text: of

text: street

text: sweepers

text: and

text: pickpockets

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: major

text: influence

text: on

text: people

text: 's

text: vision

text: of

text: early

text: Victorian

text: London

text: and

text: Virginia

text: Woolf

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: foremost

text: modernist

text: literary

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: Who witnessed first-hand and wrote about the Great Fire of 1666?

answer: Samuel Pepys

text: Samuel Pepys

question: What area has historically been the literary hub of London?

answer: Hampstead

text: Hampstead

question: A more current, 20th century center for London's literary set is located where?

answer: Bloomsbury

text: Bloomsbury

question: Which author's novels painted a dismal portrait of Victorian London?

answer: Charles Dickens

text: Charles Dickens

question: What female writer is one of the leading literary minds of the 20th century?

answer: Virginia Woolf

text: Virginia Woolf


text: While most Hokkien morphemes have standard designated characters, they are not always etymological or phono-semantic. Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters are commonly borrowed or substituted to represent a particular morpheme. Examples include "beautiful" (美 bí is the literary form), whose vernacular morpheme suí is represented by characters like 媠 (an obsolete character), 婎 (a vernacular reading of this character) and even 水 (transliteration of the sound suí), or "tall" (高 ko is the literary form), whose morpheme kôan is 懸. Common grammatical particles are not exempt; the negation particle m̄ (not) is variously represented by 毋, 呣 or 唔, among others. In other cases, characters are invented to represent a particular morpheme (a common example is the character 𪜶 in, which represents the personal pronoun "they"). In addition, some characters have multiple and unrelated pronunciations, adapted to represent Hokkien words. For example, the Hokkien word bah ("meat") has been reduced to the character 肉, which has etymologically unrelated colloquial and literary readings (he̍k and jio̍k, respectively). Another case is the word 'to eat,' chia̍h, which is often transcribed in Taiwanese newspapers and media as 呷 (a Mandarin transliteration, xiā, to approximate the Hokkien term), even though its recommended character in dictionaries is 食.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: While

text: most

text: Hokkien

text: morphemes

text: have

text: standard

text: designated

text: characters

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: etymological

text: or

text: phono

text: semantic

text: Similar

text: sounding

text: similar

text: meaning

text: or

text: rare

text: characters

text: are

text: commonly

text: borrowed

text: or

text: substituted

text: to

text: represent

text: a

text: particular

text: morpheme

text: Examples

text: include

text: beautiful

text: 美

text: bí

text: is

text: the

text: literary

text: form

text: whose

text: vernacular

text: morpheme

text: suí

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: characters

text: like

text: 媠

text: an

text: obsolete

text: character

text: 婎

text: a

text: vernacular

text: reading

text: of

text: this

text: character

text: and

text: even

text: 水

text: transliteration

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: suí

text: or

text: tall

text: 高

text: ko

text: is

text: the

text: literary

text: form

text: whose

text: morpheme

text: kôan

text: is

text: 懸.

text: Common

text: grammatical

text: particles

text: are

text: not

text: exempt

text: the

text: negation

text: particle

text: m̄

text: not

text: is

text: variously

text: represented

text: by

text: 毋

text: 呣

text: or

text: 唔

text: among

text: others

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: characters

text: are

text: invented

text: to

text: represent

text: a

text: particular

text: morpheme

text: a

text: common

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: character

text: 𪜶

text: in

text: which

text: represents

text: the

text: personal

text: pronoun

text: they

text: In

text: addition

text: some

text: characters

text: have

text: multiple

text: and

text: unrelated

text: pronunciations

text: adapted

text: to

text: represent

text: Hokkien

text: words

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Hokkien

text: word

text: bah

text: meat

text: has

text: been

text: reduced

text: to

text: the

text: character

text: 肉

text: which

text: has

text: etymologically

text: unrelated

text: colloquial

text: and

text: literary

text: readings

text: he̍k

text: and

text: jio̍k

text: respectively

text: Another

text: case

text: is

text: the

text: word

text: to

text: eat

text: chia̍h

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: transcribed

text: in

text: Taiwanese

text: newspapers

text: and

text: media

text: as

text: 呷

text: a

text: Mandarin

text: transliteration

text: xiā

text: to

text: approximate

text: the

text: Hokkien

text: term

text: even

text: though

text: its

text: recommended

text: character

text: in

text: dictionaries

text: is

text: 食.

question: Most Hokkein morphemes have what type of characters?

answer: standard designated

text: standard designated

question: In some cases, charcters are invented to represent what?

answer: a particular morpheme

text: a particular morpheme

question: Hokkien morphemes are not always what?

answer: etymological or phono-semantic

text: etymological or phono-semantic

question: What are often borrowed to represent a particular morpheme?

answer: Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters

text: Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters


text: Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator. By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Apple Inc.)—which worked well in the commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices. Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized. Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver complete IT solutions and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett Packard and Oracle.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: had

text: a

text: reputation

text: as

text: a

text: company

text: that

text: relied

text: upon

text: supply

text: chain

text: efficiencies

text: to

text: sell

text: established

text: technologies

text: at

text: low

text: prices

text: instead

text: of

text: being

text: an

text: innovator

text: By

text: the

text: many

text: analysts

text: were

text: looking

text: to

text: innovating

text: companies

text: as

text: the

text: next

text: source

text: of

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: technology

text: sector

text: Dell

text: 's

text: low

text: spending

text: on

text: R&D

text: relative

text: to

text: its

text: revenue

text: compared

text: to

text: IBM

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: and

text: Apple

text: Inc.)—which

text: worked

text: well

text: in

text: the

text: commoditized

text: PC

text: market

text: prevented

text: it

text: from

text: making

text: inroads

text: into

text: more

text: lucrative

text: segments

text: such

text: as

text: players

text: and

text: later

text: mobile

text: devices

text: Increasing

text: spending

text: on

text: R&D

text: would

text: have

text: cut

text: into

text: the

text: operating

text: margins

text: that

text: the

text: company

text: emphasized

text: Dell

text: had

text: done

text: well

text: with

text: a

text: horizontal

text: organization

text: that

text: focused

text: on

text: PCs

text: when

text: the

text: computing

text: industry

text: moved

text: to

text: horizontal

text: mix

text: and

text: match

text: layers

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: the

text: industry

text: shifted

text: to

text: vertically

text: integrated

text: stacks

text: to

text: deliver

text: complete

text: IT

text: solutions

text: and

text: Dell

text: lagged

text: far

text: behind

text: competitors

text: like

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: and

text: Oracle

question: What did Dell rely on that gave it a reputation?

answer: supply chain efficiencies

text: supply chain efficiencies

question: What did Dell maintain lower spending on than its competitors?

answer: R&D

text: R&D

question: What was Dell's organizational structure considered?

answer: horizontal

text: horizontal

question: Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions?

answer: IT solutions

text: IT solutions


text: Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Since

text: the

text: USAF

text: has

text: placed

text: a

text: strong

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: improvement

text: of

text: Basic

text: Military

text: Training

text: BMT

text: for

text: enlisted

text: personnel

text: While

text: the

text: intense

text: training

text: has

text: become

text: longer

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: shifted

text: to

text: include

text: a

text: deployment

text: phase

text: This

text: deployment

text: phase

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: BEAST

text: places

text: the

text: trainees

text: in

text: a

text: surreal

text: environment

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: experience

text: once

text: they

text: deploy

text: While

text: the

text: trainees

text: do

text: tackle

text: the

text: massive

text: obstacle

text: courses

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: BEAST

text: the

text: other

text: portions

text: include

text: defending

text: and

text: protecting

text: their

text: base

text: of

text: operations

text: forming

text: a

text: structure

text: of

text: leadership

text: directing

text: search

text: and

text: recovery

text: and

text: basic

text: self

text: aid

text: buddy

text: care

text: During

text: this

text: event

text: the

text: Military

text: Training

text: Instructors

text: MTI

text: act

text: as

text: mentors

text: and

text: enemy

text: forces

text: in

text: a

text: deployment

text: exercise

question: What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005?

answer: Basic Military Training

text: Basic Military Training

question: What is the deployment phase of BMT called?

answer: BEAST

text: BEAST

question: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT?

answer: directing search and recovery

text: directing search and recovery

question: Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT?

answer: Military Training Instructors

text: Military Training Instructors


text: Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wide

text: ringed

text: wood

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: second

text: growth

text: because

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: young

text: timber

text: in

text: open

text: stands

text: after

text: the

text: old

text: trees

text: have

text: been

text: removed

text: is

text: more

text: rapid

text: than

text: in

text: trees

text: in

text: a

text: closed

text: forest

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: articles

text: where

text: strength

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: consideration

text: such

text: second

text: growth

text: hardwood

text: material

text: is

text: preferred

text: This

text: is

text: particularly

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: hickory

text: for

text: handles

text: and

text: spokes

text: Here

text: not

text: only

text: strength

text: but

text: toughness

text: and

text: resilience

text: are

text: important

text: The

text: results

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: tests

text: on

text: hickory

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Forest

text: Service

text: show

text: that

question: What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?

answer: second-growth

text: second-growth

question: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?

answer: open stands

text: open stands

question: What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?

answer: strength

text: strength

question: What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes?

answer: hickory

text: hickory

question: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?

answer: U.S. Forest Service

text: U.S. Forest Service


text: Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. "Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety." Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the "Papists" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Despite

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: 's

text: harsh

text: polemics

text: against

text: his

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: opponents

text: over

text: issues

text: concerning

text: Mary

text: and

text: the

text: saints

text: theologians

text: appear

text: to

text: agree

text: that

text: Luther

text: adhered

text: to

text: the

text: Marian

text: decrees

text: of

text: the

text: ecumenical

text: councils

text: and

text: dogmas

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: He

text: held

text: fast

text: to

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: a

text: perpetual

text: virgin

text: and

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: or

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: Special

text: attention

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: assertion

text: that

text: Luther

text: some

text: three

text: hundred

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: dogmatization

text: of

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: by

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IX

text: in

text: was

text: a

text: firm

text: adherent

text: of

text: that

text: view

text: Others

text: maintain

text: that

text: Luther

text: in

text: later

text: years

text: changed

text: his

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: which

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: was

text: undefined

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: maintaining

text: however

text: the

text: sinlessness

text: of

text: Mary

text: throughout

text: her

text: life

text: For

text: Luther

text: early

text: in

text: his

text: life

text: the

text: Assumption

text: of

text: Mary

text: was

text: an

text: understood

text: fact

text: although

text: he

text: later

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: Bible

text: did

text: not

text: say

text: anything

text: about

text: it

text: and

text: stopped

text: celebrating

text: its

text: feast

text: Important

text: to

text: him

text: was

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: Mary

text: and

text: the

text: saints

text: do

text: live

text: on

text: after

text: death

text: Throughout

text: his

text: career

text: as

text: a

text: priest

text: professor

text: reformer

text: Luther

text: preached

text: taught

text: and

text: argued

text: about

text: the

text: veneration

text: of

text: Mary

text: with

text: a

text: verbosity

text: that

text: ranged

text: from

text: childlike

text: piety

text: to

text: sophisticated

text: polemics

text: His

text: views

text: are

text: intimately

text: linked

text: to

text: his

text: Christocentric

text: theology

text: and

text: its

text: consequences

text: for

text: liturgy

text: and

text: piety

text: Luther

text: while

text: revering

text: Mary

text: came

text: to

text: criticize

text: the

text: Papists

text: for

text: blurring

text: the

text: line

text: between

text: high

text: admiration

text: of

text: the

text: grace

text: of

text: God

text: wherever

text: it

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: a

text: human

text: being

text: and

text: religious

text: service

text: given

text: to

text: another

text: creature

text: He

text: considered

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: practice

text: of

text: celebrating

text: saints

text: days

text: and

text: making

text: intercessory

text: requests

text: addressed

text: especially

text: to

text: Mary

text: and

text: other

text: departed

text: saints

text: to

text: be

text: idolatry

text: His

text: final

text: thoughts

text: on

text: Marian

text: devotion

text: and

text: veneration

text: are

text: preserved

text: in

text: a

text: sermon

text: preached

text: at

text: Wittenberg

text: only

text: a

text: month

text: before

text: his

text: death

question: Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?

answer: Martin Luther

text: Martin Luther

question: In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized?

answer: 1854

question: Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception?

answer: Pope Pius IX

text: Pope Pius IX

question: What does Theotokos mean?

answer: Mother of God

text: Mother of God

question: Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?

answer: Wittenberg

text: Wittenberg


text: In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute école specialisée for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below).

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: exists

text: also

text: the

text: term

text: haute

text: école

text: specialisée

text: for

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: institution

text: called

text: Fachhochschule

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: see

text: below

question: What's the term in German for what those in French-speaking Switzerland call haute école specialisée?

answer: Fachhochschule

text: Fachhochschule


text: Darwin continued to research and extensively revise his theory while focusing on his main work of publishing the scientific results of the Beagle voyage. He tentatively wrote of his ideas to Lyell in January 1842; then in June he roughed out a 35-page "Pencil Sketch" of his theory. Darwin began correspondence about his theorising with the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker in January 1844, and by July had rounded out his "sketch" into a 230-page "Essay", to be expanded with his research results and published if he died prematurely.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Darwin

text: continued

text: to

text: research

text: and

text: extensively

text: revise

text: his

text: theory

text: while

text: focusing

text: on

text: his

text: main

text: work

text: of

text: publishing

text: the

text: scientific

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: Beagle

text: voyage

text: He

text: tentatively

text: wrote

text: of

text: his

text: ideas

text: to

text: Lyell

text: in

text: January

text: then

text: in

text: June

text: he

text: roughed

text: out

text: a

text: Pencil

text: Sketch

text: of

text: his

text: theory

text: Darwin

text: began

text: correspondence

text: about

text: his

text: theorising

text: with

text: the

text: botanist

text: Joseph

text: Dalton

text: Hooker

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: by

text: July

text: had

text: rounded

text: out

text: his

text: sketch

text: into

text: a

text: Essay

text: to

text: be

text: expanded

text: with

text: his

text: research

text: results

text: and

text: published

text: if

text: he

text: died

text: prematurely

question: Who did Darwin write his ideas to in 1842?

answer: Lyell

text: Lyell

question: What was the name of Darwin's 35-page writing of his theory?

answer: "Pencil Sketch"

text: "Pencil Sketch"

question: Which botanist did Darwin begin a correspondence with about his theories?

answer: Joseph Dalton Hooker

text: Joseph Dalton Hooker

question: What information was Darwin's essay based on?

answer: scientific results of the Beagle voyage

text: scientific results of the Beagle voyage

question: How many pages had Darwin's sketch grown to in 1844?

answer: 230-page


text: As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style (2002) suggests capitalising "the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, but generally not articles, conjunctions and short prepositions". This is an old form of emphasis, similar to the more modern practice of using a larger or boldface font for titles. The rules for which words to capitalise are not based on any grammatically inherent correct/incorrect distinction and are not universally standardized; they are arbitrary and differ between style guides, although in most styles they tend to follow a few strong conventions, as follows:

title: Letter_case

title: Letter_case

text: As

text: regards

text: publication

text: titles

text: it

text: is

text: however

text: a

text: common

text: typographic

text: practice

text: among

text: both

text: British

text: and

text: U.S.

text: publishers

text: to

text: capitalise

text: significant

text: words

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: applied

text: to

text: headings

text: too

text: This

text: family

text: of

text: typographic

text: conventions

text: is

text: usually

text: called

text: title

text: case

text: For

text: example

text: R.

text: M.

text: Ritter

text: 's

text: Oxford

text: Manual

text: of

text: Style

text: suggests

text: capitalising

text: the

text: first

text: word

text: and

text: all

text: nouns

text: pronouns

text: adjectives

text: verbs

text: and

text: adverbs

text: but

text: generally

text: not

text: articles

text: conjunctions

text: and

text: short

text: prepositions

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: old

text: form

text: of

text: emphasis

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: modern

text: practice

text: of

text: using

text: a

text: larger

text: or

text: boldface

text: font

text: for

text: titles

text: The

text: rules

text: for

text: which

text: words

text: to

text: capitalise

text: are

text: not

text: based

text: on

text: any

text: grammatically

text: inherent

text: correct

text: incorrect

text: distinction

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: universally

text: standardized

text: they

text: are

text: arbitrary

text: and

text: differ

text: between

text: style

text: guides

text: although

text: in

text: most

text: styles

text: they

text: tend

text: to

text: follow

text: a

text: few

text: strong

text: conventions

text: as

text: follows

question: What is capitalization of significant words applied to in the United States besides titles?

answer: headings

text: headings

question: Capitalization of significant words refers to which family of typographic conventions?

answer: title case

text: title case

question: Which book of literature standards suggests capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs?

answer: R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style

text: R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style

question: The use of bold fonts and capilization in titles falls under which unusual grammatical distinction?

answer: not universally standardized

text: not universally standardized


text: Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed-

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Davis

text: and

text: his

text: cabinet

text: left

text: the

text: city

text: by

text: train

text: that

text: night

text: as

text: government

text: officials

text: burned

text: documents

text: and

text: departing

text: Confederate

text: troops

text: burned

text: tobacco

text: and

text: other

text: warehouses

text: to

text: deny

text: their

text: contents

text: to

text: the

text: victors

text: On

text: April

text: General

text: Godfrey

text: Weitzel

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: corps

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Colored

text: Troops

text: accepted

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: surrender

text: from

text: the

text: mayor

text: and

text: group

text: of

text: leading

text: citizens

text: who

text: remained

text: The

text: Union

text: troops

text: eventually

text: managed

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: raging

text: fires

text: but

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: buildings

text: were

text: destroyed-

question: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond?

answer: tobacco

text: tobacco

question: What general received the surrender of Richmond?

answer: Godfrey Weitzel

text: Godfrey Weitzel

question: On what day did the Confederacy surrender Richmond to the Union?

answer: April 2, 1865

text: April 2, 1865

question: By what means did Davis leave Richmond?

answer: train

text: train

question: What percentage of Richmond was destroyed by fire after the Confederate evacuation?

answer: 25


text: Improvisation stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes. However, this does not imply impulsive rambling: Nicholas Temperley writes that "improvisation is designed for an audience, and its starting-point is that audience's expectations, which include the current conventions of musical form." The works for piano and orchestra, including the two concertos, are held by Temperley to be "merely vehicles for brilliant piano playing ... formally longwinded and extremely conservative". After the piano concertos (which are both early, dating from 1830), Chopin made no attempts at large-scale multi-movement forms, save for his late sonatas for piano and for cello; "instead he achieved near-perfection in pieces of simple general design but subtle and complex cell-structure." Rosen suggests that an important aspect of Chopin's individuality is his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Improvisation

text: stands

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: creative

text: processes

text: However

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: impulsive

text: rambling

text: Nicholas

text: Temperley

text: writes

text: that

text: improvisation

text: is

text: designed

text: for

text: an

text: audience

text: and

text: its

text: starting

text: point

text: is

text: that

text: audience

text: 's

text: expectations

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: current

text: conventions

text: of

text: musical

text: form

text: The

text: works

text: for

text: piano

text: and

text: orchestra

text: including

text: the

text: two

text: concertos

text: are

text: held

text: by

text: Temperley

text: to

text: be

text: merely

text: vehicles

text: for

text: brilliant

text: piano

text: playing

text: formally

text: longwinded

text: and

text: extremely

text: conservative

text: After

text: the

text: piano

text: concertos

text: which

text: are

text: both

text: early

text: dating

text: from

text: Chopin

text: made

text: no

text: attempts

text: at

text: large

text: scale

text: multi

text: movement

text: forms

text: save

text: for

text: his

text: late

text: sonatas

text: for

text: piano

text: and

text: for

text: cello

text: instead

text: he

text: achieved

text: near

text: perfection

text: in

text: pieces

text: of

text: simple

text: general

text: design

text: but

text: subtle

text: and

text: complex

text: cell

text: structure

text: Rosen

text: suggests

text: that

text: an

text: important

text: aspect

text: of

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: individuality

text: is

text: his

text: flexible

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: bar

text: phrase

text: as

text: a

text: structural

text: unit

question: What is central to Chopin's process?

answer: Improvisation

text: Improvisation

question: Rosen suggests that a central part of Chopin's uniqueness is how he handles what?

answer: the four-bar phrase

text: the four-bar phrase

question: What is central to Chopin's creativeness?

answer: Improvisation

text: Improvisation

question: Who wrote that "improvisation is designed for an audience"?

answer: Nicholas Temperley

text: Nicholas Temperley

question: What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality?

answer: his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit.

text: his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit.


text: On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations. On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy. Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: On

text: August

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: and

text: Reitan

text: Group

text: the

text: owner

text: of

text: the

text: brand

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: announced

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: re

text: brand

text: some

text: service

text: stations

text: across

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: Finland

text: and

text: Denmark

text: subject

text: to

text: obtaining

text: regulatory

text: approvals

text: under

text: the

text: different

text: competition

text: laws

text: in

text: each

text: country

text: On

text: April

text: Shell

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: corporation

text: is

text: in

text: process

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: potential

text: buyer

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: operations

text: in

text: Finland

text: and

text: is

text: doing

text: similar

text: market

text: research

text: concerning

text: Swedish

text: operations

text: On

text: October

text: Shell

text: 's

text: gas

text: stations

text: and

text: the

text: heavy

text: vehicle

text: fuel

text: supply

text: networks

text: in

text: Finland

text: and

text: Sweden

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: refinery

text: located

text: in

text: Gothenburg

text: Sweden

text: were

text: sold

text: to

text: a

text: Finnish

text: energy

text: company

text: more

text: precisely

text: to

text: its

text: major

text: shareholding

text: parent

text: company

text: Keele

text: Oy

text: Shell

text: branded

text: gas

text: stations

text: will

text: be

text: rebranded

text: within

text: maximum

text: of

text: five

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: acquisition

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: gas

text: stations

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: reduced

text: Until

text: then

text: the

text: stations

text: will

text: operate

text: under

text: Shell

text: brand

text: licence

question: What company was the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia?

answer: Reitan Group

text: Reitan Group

question: In what year did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group announce an agreement?

answer: 2007

question: How many service stations did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group agree to re-brand?

answer: some 269

text: some 269

question: Shell announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010?

answer: trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland

text: trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland

question: In October 2010, Shell sold what to St1?

answer: gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden

text: gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden


text: SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: SC

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: ice

text: hockey

text: team

text: of

text: Bern

text: who

text: plays

text: at

text: the

text: PostFinance

text: Arena

text: The

text: team

text: has

text: ranked

text: highest

text: in

text: attendance

text: for

text: a

text: European

text: hockey

text: team

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: decade

text: The

text: PostFinance

text: Arena

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: host

text: of

text: the

text: IIHF

text: Ice

text: Hockey

text: World

text: Championship

text: including

text: the

text: opening

text: game

text: and

text: the

text: final

text: of

text: the

text: tournament

question: What is the major hockey league team of Bern?

answer: SC Bern

text: SC Bern

question: Where do they play?

answer: PostFinance Arena

text: PostFinance Arena

question: What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern?

answer: 2009


text: Von Neumann continued unperturbed in his work and became, along with Edward Teller, one of those who sustained the hydrogen bomb project. He then collaborated with Klaus Fuchs on further development of the bomb, and in 1946 the two filed a secret patent on "Improvement in Methods and Means for Utilizing Nuclear Energy", which outlined a scheme for using a fission bomb to compress fusion fuel to initiate nuclear fusion. The Fuchs–von Neumann patent used radiation implosion, but not in the same way as is used in what became the final hydrogen bomb design, the Teller–Ulam design. Their work was, however, incorporated into the "George" shot of Operation Greenhouse, which was instructive in testing out concepts that went into the final design. The Fuchs–von Neumann work was passed on, by Fuchs, to the Soviet Union as part of his nuclear espionage, but it was not used in the Soviets' own, independent development of the Teller–Ulam design. The historian Jeremy Bernstein has pointed out that ironically, "John von Neumann and Klaus Fuchs, produced a brilliant invention in 1946 that could have changed the whole course of the development of the hydrogen bomb, but was not fully understood until after the bomb had been successfully made."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: continued

text: unperturbed

text: in

text: his

text: work

text: and

text: became

text: along

text: with

text: Edward

text: Teller

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: sustained

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: bomb

text: project

text: He

text: then

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Klaus

text: Fuchs

text: on

text: further

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: filed

text: a

text: secret

text: patent

text: on

text: Improvement

text: in

text: Methods

text: and

text: Means

text: for

text: Utilizing

text: Nuclear

text: Energy

text: which

text: outlined

text: a

text: scheme

text: for

text: using

text: a

text: fission

text: bomb

text: to

text: compress

text: fusion

text: fuel

text: to

text: initiate

text: nuclear

text: fusion

text: The

text: Fuchs

text: von

text: Neumann

text: patent

text: used

text: radiation

text: implosion

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: as

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: what

text: became

text: the

text: final

text: hydrogen

text: bomb

text: design

text: the

text: Teller

text: Ulam

text: design

text: Their

text: work

text: was

text: however

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: George

text: shot

text: of

text: Operation

text: Greenhouse

text: which

text: was

text: instructive

text: in

text: testing

text: out

text: concepts

text: that

text: went

text: into

text: the

text: final

text: design

text: The

text: Fuchs

text: von

text: Neumann

text: work

text: was

text: passed

text: on

text: by

text: Fuchs

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: nuclear

text: espionage

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Soviets

text: own

text: independent

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Teller

text: Ulam

text: design

text: The

text: historian

text: Jeremy

text: Bernstein

text: has

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: ironically

text: John

text: von

text: Neumann

text: and

text: Klaus

text: Fuchs

text: produced

text: a

text: brilliant

text: invention

text: in

text: that

text: could

text: have

text: changed

text: the

text: whole

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: bomb

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: fully

text: understood

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: bomb

text: had

text: been

text: successfully

text: made

question: With whom did von Neumann collaborate for further development of the hydrogen bomb?

answer: Klaus Fuchs

text: Klaus Fuchs

question: What improvement did von Neumann see in the nuclear weaponry?

answer: using a fission bomb to compress fusion fuel to initiate nuclear fusion

text: using a fission bomb to compress fusion fuel to initiate nuclear fusion

question: What country was afforded access to design of improved nuclear weapon through espionage?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union


text: Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, serves just under 200 congregations. Unitarian Universalism has its headquarters on Beacon Hill. The Christian Scientists are headquartered in Back Bay at the Mother Church (1894). The oldest church in Boston is First Church in Boston, founded in 1630. King's Chapel, the city's first Anglican church, was founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. Other churches include Christ Church (better known as Old North Church, 1723), the oldest church building in the city, Trinity Church (1733), Park Street Church (1809), Old South Church (1874), Jubilee Christian Church and Basilica and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Mission Hill (1878).

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: noted

text: religious

text: center

text: from

text: its

text: earliest

text: days

text: The

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: Boston

text: serves

text: nearly

text: parishes

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: End

text: while

text: the

text: Episcopal

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: with

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: Church

text: of

text: St.

text: Paul

text: as

text: its

text: episcopal

text: seat

text: serves

text: just

text: under

text: congregations

text: Unitarian

text: Universalism

text: has

text: its

text: headquarters

text: on

text: Beacon

text: Hill

text: The

text: Christian

text: Scientists

text: are

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Back

text: Bay

text: at

text: the

text: Mother

text: Church

text: The

text: oldest

text: church

text: in

text: Boston

text: is

text: First

text: Church

text: in

text: Boston

text: founded

text: in

text: King

text: 's

text: Chapel

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: first

text: Anglican

text: church

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: Unitarianism

text: in

text: Other

text: churches

text: include

text: Christ

text: Church

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Old

text: North

text: Church

text: the

text: oldest

text: church

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Trinity

text: Church

text: Park

text: Street

text: Church

text: Old

text: South

text: Church

text: Jubilee

text: Christian

text: Church

text: and

text: Basilica

text: and

text: Shrine

text: of

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Perpetual

text: Help

text: on

text: Mission

text: Hill

question: How long has Boston been a religious center?

answer: from its earliest days

text: from its earliest days

question: How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston?

answer: nearly 300

text: nearly 300

question: Where is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross located?

answer: the South End

text: the South End

question: Where is the headquarters for the Christial Scientists?

answer: Back Bay

text: Back Bay

question: What was the city's first Anglican church?

answer: King's Chapel

text: King's Chapel


text: Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province. These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants. In 1932 the local paramilitary SA had already started to terrorise their political opponents. On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats in Königsberg, the Otto-Braun-House. The Communist politician Gustav Sauf was killed; the executive editor of the Social Democrat "Königsberger Volkszeitung", Otto Wyrgatsch, and the German People's Party politician Max von Bahrfeldt were severely injured. Members of the Reichsbanner were attacked and the local Reichsbanner Chairman of Lötzen, Kurt Kotzan, was murdered on 6 August 1932.

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: Erich

text: Koch

text: headed

text: the

text: East

text: Prussian

text: Nazi

text: party

text: from

text: He

text: led

text: the

text: district

text: from

text: This

text: period

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: efforts

text: to

text: collectivize

text: the

text: local

text: agriculture

text: and

text: ruthlessness

text: in

text: dealing

text: with

text: his

text: critics

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: the

text: Party

text: He

text: also

text: had

text: long

text: term

text: plans

text: for

text: mass

text: scale

text: industrialization

text: of

text: the

text: largely

text: agricultural

text: province

text: These

text: actions

text: made

text: him

text: unpopular

text: among

text: the

text: local

text: peasants

text: In

text: the

text: local

text: paramilitary

text: SA

text: had

text: already

text: started

text: to

text: terrorise

text: their

text: political

text: opponents

text: On

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: July

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: bomb

text: attack

text: on

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Social

text: Democrats

text: in

text: Königsberg

text: the

text: Otto

text: Braun

text: House

text: The

text: Communist

text: politician

text: Gustav

text: Sauf

text: was

text: killed

text: the

text: executive

text: editor

text: of

text: the

text: Social

text: Democrat

text: Königsberger

text: Volkszeitung

text: Otto

text: Wyrgatsch

text: and

text: the

text: German

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: politician

text: Max

text: von

text: Bahrfeldt

text: were

text: severely

text: injured

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: Reichsbanner

text: were

text: attacked

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: Reichsbanner

text: Chairman

text: of

text: Lötzen

text: Kurt

text: Kotzan

text: was

text: murdered

text: on

text: August

question: Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?

answer: Erich Koch

text: Erich Koch

question: What large plans did Koch have?

answer: mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province

text: mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province

question: What even occurred during the summer of 1932 in Konigsberg?

answer: attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats

text: attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats

question: Who was killed in the attack of the Social Democrats?

answer: Gustav Sauf

text: Gustav Sauf


text: Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. It is also used in woodcut printmaking, and for engraving.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: artistic

text: medium

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: sculptures

text: and

text: carvings

text: for

text: millennia

text: Examples

text: include

text: the

text: totem

text: poles

text: carved

text: by

text: North

text: American

text: indigenous

text: people

text: from

text: conifer

text: trunks

text: often

text: Western

text: Red

text: Cedar

text: Thuja

text: plicata

text: and

text: the

text: Millennium

text: clock

text: tower

text: now

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Scotland

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: woodcut

text: printmaking

text: and

text: for

text: engraving

question: Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries?

answer: carvings

text: carvings

question: What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?

answer: totem poles

text: totem poles

question: What type of tree was often used for totem poles?

answer: Western Red Cedar

text: Western Red Cedar

question: What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?

answer: Edinburgh

text: Edinburgh

question: What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?

answer: National Museum of Scotland

text: National Museum of Scotland


text: When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, "By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America."

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: When

text: one

text: Republican

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: for

text: the

text: election

text: ridiculed

text: the

text: liberalism

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: values

text: in

text: January

text: Donald

text: Trump

text: leading

text: in

text: the

text: polls

text: vigorously

text: defended

text: his

text: city

text: The

text: National

text: Review

text: a

text: conservative

text: magazine

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: since

text: its

text: founding

text: by

text: William

text: F.

text: Buckley

text: Jr.

text: in

text: commented

text: By

text: hearkening

text: back

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: heart

text: after

text: for

text: a

text: moment

text: Trump

text: transcended

text: politics

text: How

text: easily

text: we

text: forget

text: but

text: for

text: weeks

text: after

text: the

text: terror

text: attacks

text: New

text: York

text: was

text: America

question: What individual established the National Review?

answer: William F. Buckley, Jr.

text: William F. Buckley, Jr.

question: In what year was the National Review founded?

answer: 1955

question: What public figure defended New York in January 2016?

answer: Donald Trump

text: Donald Trump

question: A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism?

answer: Republican

text: Republican


text: Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: language

text: 's

text: spoken

text: form

text: was

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: only

text: the

text: upper

text: noble

text: classes

text: and

text: urban

text: population

text: as

text: Russian

text: peasants

text: from

text: the

text: countryside

text: continued

text: to

text: speak

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: dialects

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: such

text: dialects

text: were

text: forced

text: out

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: compulsory

text: education

text: system

text: that

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

text: Despite

text: the

text: formalization

text: of

text: Standard

text: Russian

text: some

text: nonstandard

text: dialectal

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: fricative

text: ɣ

text: in

text: Southern

text: Russian

text: dialects

text: are

text: still

text: observed

text: in

text: colloquial

text: speech

question: When did Russian language spread to the peasants?

answer: the 20th century

text: the 20th century

question: Who spoke Russian before the 20th century?

answer: the upper noble classes and urban population

text: the upper noble classes and urban population

question: When did the Soviets establish required education?

answer: the mid-20th century

text: the mid-20th century

question: What nonstandard feature does Southern Russian use?

answer: fricative

text: fricative


text: The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide. A record 3.3 million passengers used Richmond International Airport in 2006, a 13% increase over 2005.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: Greater

text: Richmond

text: area

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: Richmond

text: International

text: Airport

text: IATA

text: RIC

text: ICAO

text: KRIC

text: located

text: in

text: nearby

text: Sandston

text: seven

text: miles

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Richmond

text: and

text: within

text: an

text: hour

text: drive

text: of

text: historic

text: Williamsburg

text: Virginia

text: Richmond

text: International

text: is

text: now

text: served

text: by

text: nine

text: airlines

text: with

text: over

text: daily

text: flights

text: providing

text: non

text: stop

text: service

text: to

text: major

text: destination

text: markets

text: and

text: connecting

text: flights

text: to

text: destinations

text: worldwide

text: A

text: record

text: million

text: passengers

text: used

text: Richmond

text: International

text: Airport

text: in

text: a

text: increase

text: over

question: How many kilometers away from Richmond is Richmond International Airport?

answer: 11

question: About how long does it take to drive from Richmond International Airport to Williamsburg?

answer: an hour

text: an hour

question: How many airlines operate out of Richmond International?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What percentage increase in passenger traffic did Richmond International experience between 2005 and 2006?

answer: 13

question: What direction do you travel to get from Richmond to Sandston?

answer: southeast

text: southeast


text: Four boarders at his parents' apartments became Chopin's intimates: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu. He was friendly with members of Warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including Fontana, Józef Bohdan Zaleski and Stefan Witwicki. He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja Gładkowska. In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight." His final Conservatory report (July 1829) read: "Chopin F., third-year student, exceptional talent, musical genius."

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Four

text: boarders

text: at

text: his

text: parents

text: apartments

text: became

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: intimates

text: Tytus

text: Woyciechowski

text: Jan

text: Nepomucen

text: Białobłocki

text: Jan

text: Matuszyński

text: and

text: Julian

text: Fontana

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: would

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: Paris

text: milieu

text: He

text: was

text: friendly

text: with

text: members

text: of

text: Warsaw

text: 's

text: young

text: artistic

text: and

text: intellectual

text: world

text: including

text: Fontana

text: Józef

text: Bohdan

text: Zaleski

text: and

text: Stefan

text: Witwicki

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: attracted

text: to

text: the

text: singing

text: student

text: Konstancja

text: Gładkowska

text: In

text: letters

text: to

text: Woyciechowski

text: he

text: indicated

text: which

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: and

text: even

text: which

text: of

text: their

text: passages

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: his

text: fascination

text: with

text: her

text: his

text: letter

text: of

text: May

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: slow

text: movement

text: Larghetto

text: of

text: his

text: Piano

text: Concerto

text: No

text: in

text: E

text: minor

text: was

text: secretly

text: dedicated

text: to

text: her

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: like

text: dreaming

text: in

text: beautiful

text: springtime

text: by

text: moonlight

text: His

text: final

text: Conservatory

text: report

text: July

text: read

text: Chopin

text: F.

text: third

text: year

text: student

text: exceptional

text: talent

text: musical

text: genius

question: Of the individuals that became intimate with Frédéric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Frédéric's social environment in Paris?

answer: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

text: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

question: Which singer was cited specifically as someone Frédéric was attracted to?

answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

text: Konstancja Gładkowska

question: What four boys from his family's boarding house became friends with Chopin?

answer: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

text: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

question: Which singer did Chopin become fascinated with?

answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

text: Konstancja Gładkowska

question: Which of Chopin's works was unknowingly dedicated to Gladkowska?

answer: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

text: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

question: When did Chopin receive his last Conservatory report?

answer: July 1829

text: July 1829

question: Which two of Chopin's friends became part of his Paris milieu?

answer: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

text: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

question: What was the name of the singing student Chopin was attracted to?

answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

text: Konstancja Gładkowska

question: To whom did Chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with?

answer: Tytus Woyciechowski

text: Tytus Woyciechowski

question: What musical piece had a Larghetto dedicated to the female singing student Chopin was infatuated with?

answer: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

text: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

question: How many boarders of his family's boarding house became intimate friends with Chopin?

answer: Four

text: Four


text: The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal protopriest is Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: The

text: cardinal

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: cardinal

text: priests

text: is

text: titled

text: cardinal

text: protopriest

text: He

text: had

text: certain

text: ceremonial

text: duties

text: in

text: the

text: conclave

text: that

text: have

text: effectively

text: ceased

text: because

text: he

text: would

text: generally

text: have

text: already

text: reached

text: age

text: at

text: which

text: cardinals

text: are

text: barred

text: from

text: the

text: conclave

text: The

text: current

text: cardinal

text: protopriest

text: is

text: Paulo

text: Evaristo

text: Arns

text: of

text: Brazil

question: Who can become the cardinal protopriest?

answer: The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests

text: The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests

question: Who is the cardinal protopriest at this time?

answer: Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil

text: Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil


text: In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacred texts. The Samhitas (vedic collections) date to roughly 1500–1000 BCE, and the "circum-Vedic" texts, as well as the redaction of the Samhitas, date to c. 1000-500 BCE, resulting in a Vedic period, spanning the mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE, or the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. The period between approximately the 6th to 1st centuries BC saw the composition and redaction of the two most influential Indian epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, with subsequent redaction progressing down to the 4th century AD.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: In

text: ancient

text: India

text: literature

text: originated

text: from

text: stories

text: that

text: were

text: originally

text: orally

text: transmitted

text: Early

text: genres

text: included

text: drama

text: fables

text: sutras

text: and

text: epic

text: poetry

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: begins

text: with

text: the

text: Vedas

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: BCE

text: and

text: continues

text: with

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: Epics

text: of

text: Iron

text: Age

text: India

text: The

text: Vedas

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: oldest

text: sacred

text: texts

text: The

text: Samhitas

text: vedic

text: collections

text: date

text: to

text: roughly

text: BCE

text: and

text: the

text: circum

text: Vedic

text: texts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: redaction

text: of

text: the

text: Samhitas

text: date

text: to

text: c.

text: BCE

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: Vedic

text: period

text: spanning

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: mid

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: or

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: and

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: The

text: period

text: between

text: approximately

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: saw

text: the

text: composition

text: and

text: redaction

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: influential

text: Indian

text: epics

text: the

text: Mahabharata

text: and

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: with

text: subsequent

text: redaction

text: progressing

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

question: What were some different genres that emerged from ancient India's oral literary traditions?

answer: drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry

text: drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry

question: An important language for ancient Indian literature is what?

answer: Sanskrit

text: Sanskrit

question: What ancient religious scriptures were among the first examples of Indian literature?

answer: The Vedas

text: The Vedas

question: The Vedic Period refers to what expanse of time?

answer: the mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE

text: the mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE

question: The Vedic Period began in the Late Bronze Age and extended until when?

answer: the Iron Age

text: the Iron Age


text: It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and Majorca, saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward", and states the situation in Britain as follows:

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: that

text: migration

text: as

text: an

text: explanation

text: for

text: the

text: winter

text: disappearance

text: of

text: birds

text: from

text: northern

text: climes

text: was

text: accepted

text: Thomas

text: Bewick

text: 's

text: A

text: History

text: of

text: British

text: Birds

text: Volume

text: mentions

text: a

text: report

text: from

text: a

text: very

text: intelligent

text: master

text: of

text: a

text: vessel

text: who

text: between

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Minorca

text: and

text: Majorca

text: saw

text: great

text: numbers

text: of

text: Swallows

text: flying

text: northward

text: and

text: states

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: Britain

text: as

text: follows

question: When was migration finally accepted?

answer: the end of the eighteenth century

text: the end of the eighteenth century

question: Who wrote A History of British Birds?

answer: Thomas Bewick

text: Thomas Bewick

question: What year was Thomas Bewick's book published?

answer: 1797

question: Where were Swallows seen flying?

answer: between the islands of Minorca and Majorca

text: between the islands of Minorca and Majorca

question: Which directions were the Swallows flying?

answer: northward

text: northward


text: In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: In

text: George

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: principality

text: of

text: Calenberg

text: moved

text: his

text: residence

text: to

text: Hanover

text: The

text: Dukes

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: were

text: elevated

text: by

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: to

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: Prince

text: Elector

text: in

text: and

text: this

text: elevation

text: was

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Diet

text: in

text: Thus

text: the

text: principality

text: was

text: upgraded

text: to

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Hanover

text: after

text: Calenberg

text: 's

text: capital

text: see

text: also

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: Its

text: electors

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: monarchs

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: from

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: these

text: was

text: George

text: I

text: Louis

text: who

text: acceded

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: throne

text: in

text: The

text: last

text: British

text: monarch

text: who

text: ruled

text: in

text: Hanover

text: was

text: William

text: IV

text: Semi

text: Salic

text: law

text: which

text: required

text: succession

text: by

text: the

text: male

text: line

text: if

text: possible

text: forbade

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: in

text: Hanover

text: As

text: a

text: male

text: line

text: descendant

text: of

text: George

text: I

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: was

text: herself

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: Her

text: descendants

text: however

text: bore

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: titular

text: name

text: of

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: Gotha

text: Three

text: kings

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: or

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: were

text: concurrently

text: also

text: Electoral

text: Princes

text: of

text: Hanover

question: Where did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg move his residence to?

answer: Hanover

text: Hanover

question: Who elevated the status of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg?

answer: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Holy Roman Emperor

question: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?

answer: Imperial Diet

text: Imperial Diet

question: Which other nation would the electors of Hanover become monarchs of?

answer: Great Britain

text: Great Britain

question: Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne?

answer: George I Louis

text: George I Louis


text: Under the supervision of May and Taylor, numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen's lengthy audio and video catalogue. DVD releases of their 1986 Wembley concert (titled Live at Wembley Stadium), 1982 Milton Keynes concert (Queen on Fire – Live at the Bowl), and two Greatest Video Hits (Volumes 1 and 2, spanning the 1970s and 1980s) have seen the band's music remixed into 5.1 and DTS surround sound. So far, only two of the band's albums, A Night at the Opera and The Game, have been fully remixed into high-resolution multichannel surround on DVD-Audio. A Night at the Opera was re-released with some revised 5.1 mixes and accompanying videos in 2005 for the 30th anniversary of the album's original release (CD+DVD-Video set). In 2007, a Blu-ray edition of Queen's previously released concerts, Queen Rock Montreal & Live Aid, was released, marking their first project in 1080p HD.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: May

text: and

text: Taylor

text: numerous

text: restoration

text: projects

text: have

text: been

text: under

text: way

text: involving

text: Queen

text: 's

text: lengthy

text: audio

text: and

text: video

text: catalogue

text: DVD

text: releases

text: of

text: their

text: Wembley

text: concert

text: titled

text: Live

text: at

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: Milton

text: Keynes

text: concert

text: Queen

text: on

text: Fire

text: Live

text: at

text: the

text: Bowl

text: and

text: two

text: Greatest

text: Video

text: Hits

text: Volumes

text: and

text: spanning

text: the

text: and

text: have

text: seen

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: music

text: remixed

text: into

text: and

text: DTS

text: surround

text: sound

text: So

text: far

text: only

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: albums

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

text: and

text: The

text: Game

text: have

text: been

text: fully

text: remixed

text: into

text: high

text: resolution

text: multichannel

text: surround

text: on

text: DVD

text: Audio

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

text: was

text: re

text: released

text: with

text: some

text: revised

text: mixes

text: and

text: accompanying

text: videos

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: original

text: release

text: CD+DVD

text: Video

text: set

text: In

text: a

text: Blu

text: ray

text: edition

text: of

text: Queen

text: 's

text: previously

text: released

text: concerts

text: Queen

text: Rock

text: Montreal

text: Live

text: Aid

text: was

text: released

text: marking

text: their

text: first

text: project

text: in

text: HD

question: Queen's Live at Wembley Stadium DVD covered what year?

answer: 1986

question: Queen on Fire included this 1982 concert?

answer: Milton Keynes

text: Milton Keynes

question: When was Queen's A Night at the Opera re-released?

answer: 2005

question: When was the first Queen Bluray released?

answer: 2007

question: Which band members were involved in the restoration of Queen's prior projects?

answer: May and Taylor

text: May and Taylor


text: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath, and the Somerset County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Taunton. The county gained its first Football League club in 2003, when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions. They had achieved numerous FA Cup victories over football League sides in the past 50 years, and since joining the elite they have won promotion again—as League Two champions in 2005. They came close to yet another promotion in 2007, when they reached the League One playoff final, but lost to Blackpool at the newly reopened Wembley Stadium. Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final. Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: Bath

text: Rugby

text: play

text: at

text: the

text: Recreation

text: Ground

text: in

text: Bath

text: and

text: the

text: Somerset

text: County

text: Cricket

text: Club

text: are

text: based

text: at

text: the

text: County

text: Ground

text: in

text: Taunton

text: The

text: county

text: gained

text: its

text: first

text: Football

text: League

text: club

text: in

text: when

text: Yeovil

text: Town

text: won

text: promotion

text: to

text: Division

text: Three

text: as

text: Football

text: Conference

text: champions

text: They

text: had

text: achieved

text: numerous

text: FA

text: Cup

text: victories

text: over

text: football

text: League

text: sides

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: and

text: since

text: joining

text: the

text: elite

text: they

text: have

text: won

text: promotion

text: again

text: as

text: League

text: Two

text: champions

text: in

text: They

text: came

text: close

text: to

text: yet

text: another

text: promotion

text: in

text: when

text: they

text: reached

text: the

text: League

text: One

text: playoff

text: final

text: but

text: lost

text: to

text: Blackpool

text: at

text: the

text: newly

text: reopened

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: Yeovil

text: achieved

text: promotion

text: to

text: the

text: Championship

text: in

text: after

text: beating

text: Brentford

text: in

text: the

text: playoff

text: final

text: Horse

text: racing

text: courses

text: are

text: at

text: Taunton

text: and

text: Wincanton

question: Where does the rugby team play

answer: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath

text: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath

question: The county's first football team is

answer: Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions

text: Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions

question: When did yeovil achieve promotion to the champion league

answer: Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final

text: Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final

question: Where are the horse races held

answer: Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton

text: Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton