text: The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, rode on the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way won the nickname "Skid Road", supposedly after the timber skidding down the hill to Henry Yesler's sawmill. The later dereliction of the area may be a possible origin for the term which later entered the wider American lexicon as Skid Row.) Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: first

text: such

text: boom

text: covering

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: rode

text: on

text: the

text: lumber

text: industry

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: road

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Yesler

text: Way

text: won

text: the

text: nickname

text: Skid

text: Road

text: supposedly

text: after

text: the

text: timber

text: skidding

text: down

text: the

text: hill

text: to

text: Henry

text: Yesler

text: 's

text: sawmill

text: The

text: later

text: dereliction

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: possible

text: origin

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: which

text: later

text: entered

text: the

text: wider

text: American

text: lexicon

text: as

text: Skid

text: Row

text: Like

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: West

text: Seattle

text: saw

text: numerous

text: conflicts

text: between

text: labor

text: and

text: management

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ethnic

text: tensions

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: riots

text: of

text: This

text: violence

text: originated

text: with

text: unemployed

text: whites

text: who

text: were

text: determined

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: Chinese

text: from

text: Seattle

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: riots

text: also

text: occurred

text: in

text: Tacoma

text: In

text: Asians

text: were

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Authorities

text: declared

text: martial

text: law

text: and

text: federal

text: troops

text: arrived

text: to

text: put

text: down

text: the

text: disorder

question: What was the industry source that produced Seattle's first financial vigor?

answer: lumber

text: lumber

question: What name was given to the street Yesler Way?

answer: Skid Road

text: Skid Road

question: After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline?

answer: Skid Row

text: Skid Row

question: What percentage of the Seattle population was Asian in 1900?

answer: 4.2%

question: What events occurred in 1885-1886 due to racial disputes?

answer: anti-Chinese riots

text: anti-Chinese riots


text: Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Australia

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Canberra

text: Australian

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: covered

text: around

text: km

text: of

text: Canberra

text: 's

text: central

text: areas

text: from

text: Reconciliation

text: Place

text: to

text: Commonwealth

text: Park

text: Upon

text: its

text: arrival

text: in

text: Canberra

text: the

text: Olympic

text: flame

text: was

text: presented

text: by

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: to

text: local

text: Aboriginal

text: elder

text: Agnes

text: Shea

text: of

text: the

text: Ngunnawal

text: people

text: She

text: in

text: turn

text: offered

text: them

text: a

text: message

text: stick

text: as

text: a

text: gift

text: of

text: peace

text: and

text: welcome

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: protesters

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: Chinese

text: students

text: reportedly

text: attended

text: Demonstrators

text: and

text: counter

text: demonstrators

text: were

text: kept

text: apart

text: by

text: the

text: Australian

text: Federal

text: Police

text: Preparations

text: for

text: the

text: event

text: were

text: marred

text: by

text: a

text: disagreement

text: over

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: flame

text: attendants

text: with

text: Australian

text: and

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: arguing

text: publicly

text: over

text: their

text: function

text: and

text: prerogatives

text: during

text: a

text: press

text: conference

question: When did the torch arrive in Canberra?

answer: April 24

text: April 24

question: Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra?

answer: Agnes Shea

text: Agnes Shea

question: What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return?

answer: a message stick

text: a message stick

question: Who publicly argued at a press conference?

answer: Australian and Chinese officials

text: Australian and Chinese officials

question: Where was the relay held in Australia?

answer: Canberra

text: Canberra

question: How many kilometers was the route in Australia?

answer: 16

question: What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia?

answer: Reconciliation Place

text: Reconciliation Place

question: Who kept the demonstrators separated?

answer: Australian Federal Police.

text: Australian Federal Police.

question: What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials?

answer: Agnes Shea

text: Agnes Shea


text: Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Whitehead

text: describes

text: causal

text: efficacy

text: as

text: the

text: experience

text: dominating

text: the

text: primitive

text: living

text: organisms

text: which

text: have

text: a

text: sense

text: for

text: the

text: fate

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: emerged

text: and

text: the

text: fate

text: towards

text: which

text: they

text: go

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: causal

text: relations

text: between

text: entities

text: a

text: feeling

text: of

text: being

text: influenced

text: and

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: surrounding

text: environment

text: unmediated

text: by

text: the

text: senses

text: Presentational

text: immediacy

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: is

text: what

text: is

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: pure

text: sense

text: perception

text: unmediated

text: by

text: any

text: causal

text: or

text: symbolic

text: interpretation

text: even

text: unconscious

text: interpretation

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: is

text: pure

text: appearance

text: which

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: delusive

text: e.g.

text: mistaking

text: an

text: image

text: in

text: a

text: mirror

text: for

text: the

text: real

text: thing

question: How do the senses affect causal efficacy?

answer: unmediated by the senses

text: unmediated by the senses

question: What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?

answer: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive

text: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive

question: What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?

answer: causal efficacy

text: causal efficacy

question: What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?

answer: Presentational immediacy

text: Presentational immediacy

question: What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing?

answer: Presentational immediacy

text: Presentational immediacy

question: How does Whitehead define causal efficacy?

answer: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."

text: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."

question: How does Whitehead define presentational immediacy?

answer: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation

text: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation


text: The first record of the name Israel (as ysrỉꜣr) occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not." This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity of the central highlands, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as a possible challenge to their hegemony, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state; Ancestors of the Israelites may have included Semites native to Canaan and the Sea Peoples. McNutt says, "It is probably safe to assume that sometime during Iron Age a population began to identify itself as 'Israelite'", differentiating itself from the Canaanites through such markers as the prohibition of intermarriage, an emphasis on family history and genealogy, and religion.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: first

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Israel

text: as

text: ysrỉꜣr

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: Merneptah

text: stele

text: erected

text: for

text: Egyptian

text: Pharaoh

text: Merneptah

text: c.

text: BCE

text: Israel

text: is

text: laid

text: waste

text: and

text: his

text: seed

text: is

text: not

text: This

text: Israel

text: was

text: a

text: cultural

text: and

text: probably

text: political

text: entity

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: highlands

text: well

text: enough

text: established

text: to

text: be

text: perceived

text: by

text: the

text: Egyptians

text: as

text: a

text: possible

text: challenge

text: to

text: their

text: hegemony

text: but

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: organised

text: state

text: Ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: Israelites

text: may

text: have

text: included

text: Semites

text: native

text: to

text: Canaan

text: and

text: the

text: Sea

text: Peoples

text: McNutt

text: says

text: It

text: is

text: probably

text: safe

text: to

text: assume

text: that

text: sometime

text: during

text: Iron

text: Age

text: a

text: population

text: began

text: to

text: identify

text: itself

text: as

text: Israelite

text: differentiating

text: itself

text: from

text: the

text: Canaanites

text: through

text: such

text: markers

text: as

text: the

text: prohibition

text: of

text: intermarriage

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: family

text: history

text: and

text: genealogy

text: and

text: religion

question: When does the first record of the name Israel occurs?

answer: Merneptah stele

text: Merneptah stele

question: Who did the ancestors of Israelites include?

answer: Semites

text: Semites

question: What did Canaanites prohibit?

answer: intermarriage

text: intermarriage


text: The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: council

text: are

text: each

text: elected

text: from

text: single

text: member

text: districts

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: mayor

text: and

text: city

text: attorney

text: are

text: elected

text: directly

text: by

text: the

text: voters

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: The

text: mayor

text: city

text: attorney

text: and

text: council

text: members

text: are

text: elected

text: to

text: four

text: year

text: terms

text: with

text: a

text: two

text: term

text: limit

text: Elections

text: are

text: held

text: on

text: a

text: non

text: partisan

text: basis

text: per

text: California

text: state

text: law

text: nevertheless

text: most

text: officeholders

text: do

text: identify

text: themselves

text: as

text: either

text: Democrats

text: or

text: Republicans

text: In

text: registered

text: Democrats

text: outnumbered

text: Republicans

text: by

text: about

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: Democrats

text: currently

text: as

text: of

text: hold

text: a

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: council

text: The

text: current

text: mayor

text: Kevin

text: Faulconer

text: is

text: a

text: Republican

question: Who votes in the city's attorney and mayor?

answer: voters of the entire city

text: voters of the entire city

question: How long is the term for council members?

answer: four-year terms,

text: four-year terms,

question: Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007?

answer: Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6

text: Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6

question: Who is Kevin Faulconer?

answer: current mayor

text: current mayor

question: Who elects members of city council?

answer: single member districts within the city

text: single member districts within the city


text: In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision, and second his interest in the simplification of natural forms into cylinders, spheres, and cones. However, the cubists explored this concept further than Cézanne. They represented all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane, as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time. This new kind of depiction revolutionized the way objects could be visualized in painting and art.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Seurat

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: cubism

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: distinct

text: tendencies

text: of

text: Cézanne

text: 's

text: later

text: work

text: first

text: his

text: breaking

text: of

text: the

text: painted

text: surface

text: into

text: small

text: multifaceted

text: areas

text: of

text: paint

text: thereby

text: emphasizing

text: the

text: plural

text: viewpoint

text: given

text: by

text: binocular

text: vision

text: and

text: second

text: his

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: simplification

text: of

text: natural

text: forms

text: into

text: cylinders

text: spheres

text: and

text: cones

text: However

text: the

text: cubists

text: explored

text: this

text: concept

text: further

text: than

text: Cézanne

text: They

text: represented

text: all

text: the

text: surfaces

text: of

text: depicted

text: objects

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: picture

text: plane

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: objects

text: had

text: all

text: their

text: faces

text: visible

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: This

text: new

text: kind

text: of

text: depiction

text: revolutionized

text: the

text: way

text: objects

text: could

text: be

text: visualized

text: in

text: painting

text: and

text: art

question: Besides Seurat where else are the beginnigs of Cubism found?

answer: in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work

text: in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work

question: Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further explored by whom?

answer: Cézanne

text: Cézanne

question: Cubism revolutionized the way things could be seen in art how?

answer: all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane, as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time.

text: all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane, as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time.


text: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her biological and only son, whose conception and birth are held to be miraculous. While the Orthodox Churches hold the position articulated in the Protoevangelium of James that Jesus' brothers and sisters are older children of Joseph the Betrothed, step-siblings from an earlier marriage that left him widowed, Roman Catholic teaching follows the Latin father Jerome in considering them Jesus' cousins.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Perpetual

text: Virginity

text: of

text: Mary

text: asserts

text: Mary

text: 's

text: real

text: and

text: perpetual

text: virginity

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: giving

text: birth

text: to

text: the

text: Son

text: of

text: God

text: made

text: Man

text: The

text: term

text: Ever

text: Virgin

text: Greek

text: ἀειπάρθενος

text: is

text: applied

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: stating

text: that

text: Mary

text: remained

text: a

text: virgin

text: for

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: her

text: life

text: making

text: Jesus

text: her

text: biological

text: and

text: only

text: son

text: whose

text: conception

text: and

text: birth

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: miraculous

text: While

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Churches

text: hold

text: the

text: position

text: articulated

text: in

text: the

text: Protoevangelium

text: of

text: James

text: that

text: Jesus

text: brothers

text: and

text: sisters

text: are

text: older

text: children

text: of

text: Joseph

text: the

text: Betrothed

text: step

text: siblings

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: marriage

text: that

text: left

text: him

text: widowed

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: teaching

text: follows

text: the

text: Latin

text: father

text: Jerome

text: in

text: considering

text: them

text: Jesus

text: cousins

question: What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life?

answer: Ever-Virgin

text: Ever-Virgin

question: Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins?

answer: Jerome

text: Jerome

question: Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed?

answer: Orthodox Churches

text: Orthodox Churches

question: What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage?

answer: Protoevangelium of James

text: Protoevangelium of James

question: Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus?

answer: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary

text: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary


text: In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, aggregators of various kinds, such as news aggregators, universities, libraries and archives, web search engines, chat rooms, web blogs, mailing lists, and any website which provides access to third party content through, for example, hyperlinks, a crucial element of the World Wide Web.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: addition

text: intermediaries

text: are

text: now

text: also

text: generally

text: understood

text: to

text: include

text: Internet

text: portals

text: software

text: and

text: games

text: providers

text: those

text: providing

text: virtual

text: information

text: such

text: as

text: interactive

text: forums

text: and

text: comment

text: facilities

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: a

text: moderation

text: system

text: aggregators

text: of

text: various

text: kinds

text: such

text: as

text: news

text: aggregators

text: universities

text: libraries

text: and

text: archives

text: web

text: search

text: engines

text: chat

text: rooms

text: web

text: blogs

text: mailing

text: lists

text: and

text: any

text: website

text: which

text: provides

text: access

text: to

text: third

text: party

text: content

text: through

text: for

text: example

text: hyperlinks

text: a

text: crucial

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

question: What includes Internet portals, software and games?

answer: intermediaries

text: intermediaries

question: What examples provide virtual information?

answer: interactive forums and comment facilities

text: interactive forums and comment facilities

question: News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what?

answer: aggregators

text: aggregators

question: What is an important element of the World Wide Web?

answer: hyperlinks

text: hyperlinks


text: Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: lived

text: in

text: a

text: flat

text: at

text: the

text: Kramgasse

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Einsteinhaus

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: year

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Annus

text: Mirabilis

text: Papers

text: were

text: published

question: Where is Albert Einstein live?

answer: the Kramgasse 49

text: the Kramgasse 49

question: What was published the same years?

answer: Annus Mirabilis Papers

text: Annus Mirabilis Papers

question: What is the flat that Einstein called?

answer: Einsteinhaus

text: Einsteinhaus


text: At the time of this entry, we were not able to identify any specific nutrition literacy studies in the U.S. at a national level. However, the findings of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) provide a basis upon which to frame the nutrition literacy problem in the U.S. NAAL introduced the first ever measure of "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions" – an objective of Healthy People 2010 and of which nutrition literacy might be considered an important subset. On a scale of below basic, basic, intermediate and proficient, NAAL found 13 percent of adult Americans have proficient health literacy, 44% have intermediate literacy, 29 percent have basic literacy and 14 percent have below basic health literacy. The study found that health literacy increases with education and people living below the level of poverty have lower health literacy than those above it.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: this

text: entry

text: we

text: were

text: not

text: able

text: to

text: identify

text: any

text: specific

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: studies

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: at

text: a

text: national

text: level

text: However

text: the

text: findings

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Assessment

text: of

text: Adult

text: Literacy

text: NAAL

text: provide

text: a

text: basis

text: upon

text: which

text: to

text: frame

text: the

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: NAAL

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: individuals

text: have

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: obtain

text: process

text: and

text: understand

text: basic

text: health

text: information

text: and

text: services

text: needed

text: to

text: make

text: appropriate

text: health

text: decisions

text: an

text: objective

text: of

text: Healthy

text: People

text: and

text: of

text: which

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: might

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: important

text: subset

text: On

text: a

text: scale

text: of

text: below

text: basic

text: basic

text: intermediate

text: and

text: proficient

text: NAAL

text: found

text: percent

text: of

text: adult

text: Americans

text: have

text: proficient

text: health

text: literacy

text: have

text: intermediate

text: literacy

text: percent

text: have

text: basic

text: literacy

text: and

text: percent

text: have

text: below

text: basic

text: health

text: literacy

text: The

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: health

text: literacy

text: increases

text: with

text: education

text: and

text: people

text: living

text: below

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: poverty

text: have

text: lower

text: health

text: literacy

text: than

text: those

text: above

text: it

question: In which country were there no specific nutritional literacy studies on a national level that could be found?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What does the abbreviation NAAL represent?

answer: National Assessment of Adult Literacy

text: National Assessment of Adult Literacy

question: How many Americans were found to have intermediate health literacy?

answer: 44%

question: What percentage of Americans fell below the basics of health literacy?

answer: 14

question: People who had a lower health literacy rate were found to be living below what standard?

answer: level of poverty

text: level of poverty


text: Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem (on Manhattan island), and bought additional tracts from the local tribes. He eventually accumulated 500 acres (about 2 square km, or 3/4 of a square mile) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which became known as Bronck's River, or The Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land. The American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Bronck's son or his younger brother.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Jonas

text: Bronck

text: c.

text: was

text: a

text: Swedish

text: born

text: emigrant

text: from

text: Komstad

text: Norra

text: Ljunga

text: parish

text: in

text: Småland

text: Sweden

text: who

text: arrived

text: in

text: New

text: Netherland

text: during

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: recorded

text: European

text: settler

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bronx

text: He

text: leased

text: land

text: from

text: the

text: Dutch

text: West

text: India

text: Company

text: on

text: the

text: neck

text: of

text: the

text: mainland

text: immediately

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: settlement

text: in

text: Harlem

text: on

text: Manhattan

text: island

text: and

text: bought

text: additional

text: tracts

text: from

text: the

text: local

text: tribes

text: He

text: eventually

text: accumulated

text: acres

text: about

text: square

text: km

text: or

text: of

text: a

text: square

text: mile

text: between

text: the

text: Harlem

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Aquahung

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Bronck

text: 's

text: River

text: or

text: The

text: Bronx

text: Dutch

text: and

text: English

text: settlers

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: as

text: Bronck

text: 's

text: Land

text: The

text: American

text: poet

text: William

text: Bronk

text: was

text: a

text: descendant

text: of

text: Pieter

text: Bronck

text: either

text: Jonas

text: Bronck

text: 's

text: son

text: or

text: his

text: younger

text: brother

question: When was Jonas Bronck born?

answer: 1600

question: When did Bronck reach the New York area?

answer: spring of 1639

text: spring of 1639

question: Where did Bronck emigrate from?

answer: Småland, Sweden

text: Småland, Sweden

question: What entity did Bronck get his land from?

answer: the Dutch West India Company

text: the Dutch West India Company

question: How much land did Bronck eventually own?

answer: 500 acres

text: 500 acres


text: At the time of uploading a video, YouTube users are shown a message asking them not to violate copyright laws. Despite this advice, there are still many unauthorized clips of copyrighted material on YouTube. YouTube does not view videos before they are posted online, and it is left to copyright holders to issue a DMCA takedown notice pursuant to the terms of the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act. Three successful complaints for copyright infringement against a user account will result in the account and all of its uploaded videos being deleted.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: uploading

text: a

text: video

text: YouTube

text: users

text: are

text: shown

text: a

text: message

text: asking

text: them

text: not

text: to

text: violate

text: copyright

text: laws

text: Despite

text: this

text: advice

text: there

text: are

text: still

text: many

text: unauthorized

text: clips

text: of

text: copyrighted

text: material

text: on

text: YouTube

text: YouTube

text: does

text: not

text: view

text: videos

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: posted

text: online

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: left

text: to

text: copyright

text: holders

text: to

text: issue

text: a

text: DMCA

text: takedown

text: notice

text: pursuant

text: to

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Online

text: Copyright

text: Infringement

text: Liability

text: Limitation

text: Act

text: Three

text: successful

text: complaints

text: for

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: against

text: a

text: user

text: account

text: will

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: account

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: uploaded

text: videos

text: being

text: deleted

question: What does the message when uploading a video ask the user not to do?

answer: violate copyright laws

text: violate copyright laws

question: Posting a video without consent of the copyright holder is what according to youtube?

answer: unauthorized

text: unauthorized

question: How many copyright infringements must an account have before the account is deleted?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: Youtube doesn't do what to videos before they're posted?

answer: view

text: view

question: What kind of notice must a copyright holder issue when trying to take down content?

answer: DMCA

text: DMCA


text: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek). Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel. In addition to Greek, many Greeks in Greece and the Diaspora are bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: has

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: Standard

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: or

text: Dimotiki

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: dialects

text: of

text: varying

text: levels

text: of

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: including

text: Cypriot

text: Pontic

text: Cappadocian

text: Griko

text: and

text: Tsakonian

text: the

text: only

text: surviving

text: representative

text: of

text: ancient

text: Doric

text: Greek

text: Yevanic

text: is

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Romaniotes

text: and

text: survives

text: in

text: small

text: communities

text: in

text: Greece

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Israel

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Greek

text: many

text: Greeks

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: Diaspora

text: are

text: bilingual

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: or

text: dialects

text: such

text: as

text: English

text: Arvanitika

text: Albanian

text: Aromanian

text: Macedonian

text: Slavic

text: Russian

text: and

text: Turkish

question: What is different about the use of Greek language today as opposed to the language of the past ?

answer: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects

text: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects

question: What are some of the local jargon used in Greek speaking?

answer: wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian

text: wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian

question: What language still survives as the representation of the one of the three religious orders of historic Greece ?

answer: Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek)

text: Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek)

question: What ancient language is still in use today in some of the minuscule societies in the Grecian world ?

answer: Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel.

text: Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel.

question: Do the people of Greek ascendancy only speak Grecian languages ?

answer: bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.

text: bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.


text: Stochastic computing was first introduced in a pioneering paper by von Neumann in 1953. However, the theory could not be implemented until advances in computing of the 1960s. He also created the field of cellular automata without the aid of computers, constructing the first self-replicating automata with pencil and graph paper. The concept of a universal constructor was fleshed out in his posthumous work Theory of Self Reproducing Automata. Von Neumann proved that the most effective way of performing large-scale mining operations such as mining an entire moon or asteroid belt would be by using self-replicating spacecraft, taking advantage of their exponential growth. His rigorous mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication (of the semiotic relationship between constructor, description and that which is constructed), preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. Beginning in 1949, von Neumann's design for a self-reproducing computer program is considered the world's first computer virus, and he is considered to be the theoretical father of computer virology.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Stochastic

text: computing

text: was

text: first

text: introduced

text: in

text: a

text: pioneering

text: paper

text: by

text: von

text: Neumann

text: in

text: However

text: the

text: theory

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: implemented

text: until

text: advances

text: in

text: computing

text: of

text: the

text: He

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: cellular

text: automata

text: without

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: computers

text: constructing

text: the

text: first

text: self

text: replicating

text: automata

text: with

text: pencil

text: and

text: graph

text: paper

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: universal

text: constructor

text: was

text: fleshed

text: out

text: in

text: his

text: posthumous

text: work

text: Theory

text: of

text: Self

text: Reproducing

text: Automata

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: proved

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: effective

text: way

text: of

text: performing

text: large

text: scale

text: mining

text: operations

text: such

text: as

text: mining

text: an

text: entire

text: moon

text: or

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: would

text: be

text: by

text: using

text: self

text: replicating

text: spacecraft

text: taking

text: advantage

text: of

text: their

text: exponential

text: growth

text: His

text: rigorous

text: mathematical

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: self

text: replication

text: of

text: the

text: semiotic

text: relationship

text: between

text: constructor

text: description

text: and

text: that

text: which

text: is

text: constructed

text: preceded

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: Beginning

text: in

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: design

text: for

text: a

text: self

text: reproducing

text: computer

text: program

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: computer

text: virus

text: and

text: he

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: theoretical

text: father

text: of

text: computer

text: virology

question: When was stochastic computing introduced?

answer: 1953

question: How long before stochastic computing could be implemented?

answer: advances in computing of the 1960s.

text: advances in computing of the 1960s.

question: When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program?

answer: 1949

question: What is another name for the first self reproducing computer program?

answer: computer virus

text: computer virus


text: The concept's origins can potentially be traced back further. Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment) was used to justify limited-term publisher (but not author) copyright in the 16th century. In 500 BCE, the government of the Greek state of Sybaris offered one year's patent "to all who should discover any new refinement in luxury".

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: The

text: concept

text: 's

text: origins

text: can

text: potentially

text: be

text: traced

text: back

text: further

text: Jewish

text: law

text: includes

text: several

text: considerations

text: whose

text: effects

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: modern

text: intellectual

text: property

text: laws

text: though

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: intellectual

text: creations

text: as

text: property

text: does

text: not

text: seem

text: to

text: exist

text: notably

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: Hasagat

text: Ge'vul

text: unfair

text: encroachment

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: justify

text: limited

text: term

text: publisher

text: but

text: not

text: author

text: copyright

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: BCE

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: state

text: of

text: Sybaris

text: offered

text: one

text: year

text: 's

text: patent

text: to

text: all

text: who

text: should

text: discover

text: any

text: new

text: refinement

text: in

text: luxury

question: Jewish law includes which principle used to justify copyright?

answer: Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment)

text: Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment)

question: When did Jewish law recognize copyright?

answer: in the 16th century

text: in the 16th century

question: How long was a patent valid in Sybaris?

answer: one year

text: one year

question: When did Sybaris offer patents?

answer: 500 BCE

text: 500 BCE


text: If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: If

text: there

text: are

text: differences

text: within

text: a

text: growth

text: ring

text: then

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: growth

text: ring

text: nearest

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: and

text: formed

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: growing

text: season

text: when

text: growth

text: is

text: rapid

text: is

text: usually

text: composed

text: of

text: wider

text: elements

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: lighter

text: in

text: color

text: than

text: that

text: near

text: the

text: outer

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: earlywood

text: or

text: springwood

text: The

text: outer

text: portion

text: formed

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: is

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: latewood

text: or

text: summerwood

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: major

text: differences

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: wood

text: see

text: below

question: If a growth ring has differences over one season, would the part nearest the tree's center be narrower or wider?

answer: wider

text: wider

question: What name, besides springwood, is used for the part of a growth ring formed in the beginning of the growing season?

answer: earlywood

text: earlywood

question: If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood?

answer: latewood

text: latewood

question: Is earlywood usually lighter or darker than the part of the growth ring that forms later in the season?

answer: lighter

text: lighter

question: Is summerwood the inner or outer portion of a growth ring?

answer: outer

text: outer


text: Washington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level. The Bears have won 19 NCAA Division III Championships— one in women's cross country (2011), one in men's tennis (2008), two in men's basketball (2008, 2009), five in women's basketball (1998–2001, 2010), and ten in women's volleyball (1989, 1991–1996, 2003, 2007, 2009) – and 144 UAA titles in 15 different sports. The Athletic Department is headed by John Schael who has served as director of athletics since 1978. The 2000 Division III Central Region winner of the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics/Continental Airlines Athletics Director of the Year award, Schael has helped orchestrate the Bears athletics transformation into one of the top departments in Division III.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Washington

text: University

text: 's

text: sports

text: teams

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: Bears

text: They

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Collegiate

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: and

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: University

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: at

text: the

text: Division

text: III

text: level

text: The

text: Bears

text: have

text: won

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: III

text: Championships—

text: one

text: in

text: women

text: 's

text: cross

text: country

text: one

text: in

text: men

text: 's

text: tennis

text: two

text: in

text: men

text: 's

text: basketball

text: five

text: in

text: women

text: 's

text: basketball

text: and

text: ten

text: in

text: women

text: 's

text: volleyball

text: and

text: UAA

text: titles

text: in

text: different

text: sports

text: The

text: Athletic

text: Department

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: John

text: Schael

text: who

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: director

text: of

text: athletics

text: since

text: The

text: Division

text: III

text: Central

text: Region

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Collegiate

text: Directors

text: of

text: Athletics

text: Continental

text: Airlines

text: Athletics

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: award

text: Schael

text: has

text: helped

text: orchestrate

text: the

text: Bears

text: athletics

text: transformation

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: departments

text: in

text: Division

text: III

question: What is the name of the Washington University sports teams?

answer: the Bears

text: the Bears

question: At what division level does the Washington University sports teams compete?

answer: Division III

text: Division III

question: How many NCAA division championships have the Washington University sports teams won?

answer: 19

question: In what years did the Washington University men's basketball teams win division championships?

answer: 2008, 2009

text: 2008, 2009

question: Who is the head of the Washington University Athletic Department?

answer: John Schael

text: John Schael


text: During the English Civil War the majority of Londoners supported the Parliamentary cause. After an initial advance by the Royalists in 1642 culminating in the battles of Brentford and Turnham Green, London was surrounded by defensive perimeter wall known as the Lines of Communication. The lines were built by an up to 20,000 people, and were completed in under two months. The fortifications failed their only test when the New Model Army entered London in 1647, and they were levelled by Parliament the same year.

title: London

title: London

text: During

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Londoners

text: supported

text: the

text: Parliamentary

text: cause

text: After

text: an

text: initial

text: advance

text: by

text: the

text: Royalists

text: in

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: Brentford

text: and

text: Turnham

text: Green

text: London

text: was

text: surrounded

text: by

text: defensive

text: perimeter

text: wall

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Lines

text: of

text: Communication

text: The

text: lines

text: were

text: built

text: by

text: an

text: up

text: to

text: people

text: and

text: were

text: completed

text: in

text: under

text: two

text: months

text: The

text: fortifications

text: failed

text: their

text: only

text: test

text: when

text: the

text: New

text: Model

text: Army

text: entered

text: London

text: in

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: levelled

text: by

text: Parliament

text: the

text: same

text: year

question: What was the defensive wall that encircled London in 1642 called?

answer: the Lines of Communication

text: the Lines of Communication

question: How long did it take to build the Lines of Communication?

answer: under two months

text: under two months

question: Who did the Lines of Communication wall fail to prevent from coming into London?

answer: the New Model Army

text: the New Model Army

question: Approximately how many workers did it take to build the Lines of Communication?

answer: 20,000


text: Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Pressing

text: the

text: sheet

text: removes

text: the

text: water

text: by

text: force

text: once

text: the

text: water

text: is

text: forced

text: from

text: the

text: sheet

text: a

text: special

text: kind

text: of

text: felt

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: traditional

text: one

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: collect

text: the

text: water

text: whereas

text: when

text: making

text: paper

text: by

text: hand

text: a

text: blotter

text: sheet

text: is

text: used

text: instead

question: How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?

answer: Pressing

text: Pressing

question: What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?

answer: felt

text: felt

question: What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?

answer: blotter sheet

text: blotter sheet

question: Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?

answer: felt

text: felt


text: Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Whitehead

text: and

text: Russell

text: had

text: thought

text: originally

text: that

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: would

text: take

text: a

text: year

text: to

text: complete

text: it

text: ended

text: up

text: taking

text: them

text: ten

text: years

text: To

text: add

text: insult

text: to

text: injury

text: when

text: it

text: came

text: time

text: for

text: publication

text: the

text: three

text: volume

text: work

text: was

text: so

text: massive

text: more

text: than

text: pages

text: and

text: its

text: audience

text: so

text: narrow

text: professional

text: mathematicians

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: initially

text: published

text: at

text: a

text: loss

text: of

text: pounds

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: paid

text: by

text: Cambridge

text: University

text: Press

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: apiece

text: by

text: Whitehead

text: and

text: Russell

text: themselves

text: Despite

text: the

text: initial

text: loss

text: today

text: there

text: is

text: likely

text: no

text: major

text: academic

text: library

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: hold

text: a

text: copy

text: of

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

question: How long did Whitehead and Russell expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica?

answer: a year

text: a year

question: How long did it actually take to complete Principia Mathematica?

answer: ten years

text: ten years

question: Why was there a funding shortfall for the publishing of Princpia Mathematica?

answer: the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians)

text: the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians)

question: Who supplied the funding to cover the shortfall?

answer: 00 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell

text: 00 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell

question: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today?

answer: today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica

text: today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica

question: How long did Whitehead and Russell think it would take them to complete Principia Mathematica?

answer: a year

text: a year

question: How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica?

answer: ten years

text: ten years

question: How many volumes was Principia Mathematica?

answer: three

text: three

question: How many pages was Principia Mathematica?

answer: 2,000

question: Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica?

answer: Cambridge University Press

text: Cambridge University Press


text: Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Many

text: if

text: not

text: most

text: birds

text: migrate

text: in

text: flocks

text: For

text: larger

text: birds

text: flying

text: in

text: flocks

text: reduces

text: the

text: energy

text: cost

text: Geese

text: in

text: a

text: V

text: formation

text: may

text: conserve

text: of

text: the

text: energy

text: they

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: fly

text: alone

text: Red

text: knots

text: Calidris

text: canutus

text: and

text: dunlins

text: Calidris

text: alpina

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: radar

text: studies

text: to

text: fly

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: faster

text: in

text: flocks

text: than

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: flying

text: alone

question: How do most birds migrate?

answer: in flocks

text: in flocks

question: How much energy do geese conserve flying in a flock?

answer: 12–20%

question: How much faster do Red knots and dunlins fly in a flock?

answer: 3.1 mph

text: 3.1 mph

question: What does flying in flocks reduce?

answer: energy cost

text: energy cost

question: How do birds conserve energy?

answer: a V-formation

text: a V-formation


text: The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants might refuse to leave. Underground officials were ordered to lock station entrances during raids; but by the second week of heavy bombing the government relented and ordered the stations to be opened. Each day orderly lines of people queued until 4 pm, when they were allowed to enter the stations. In mid-September 1940 about 150,000 a night slept in the Underground, although by the winter and spring months the numbers had declined to 100,000 or less. Noises of battle were muffled and sleep was easier in the deepest stations, but many were killed from direct hits on several stations.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: existing

text: communal

text: shelters

text: were

text: the

text: London

text: Underground

text: stations

text: Although

text: many

text: civilians

text: had

text: used

text: them

text: as

text: such

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: refused

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: stations

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: shelters

text: so

text: as

text: not

text: to

text: interfere

text: with

text: commuter

text: and

text: troop

text: travel

text: and

text: the

text: fears

text: that

text: occupants

text: might

text: refuse

text: to

text: leave

text: Underground

text: officials

text: were

text: ordered

text: to

text: lock

text: station

text: entrances

text: during

text: raids

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: second

text: week

text: of

text: heavy

text: bombing

text: the

text: government

text: relented

text: and

text: ordered

text: the

text: stations

text: to

text: be

text: opened

text: Each

text: day

text: orderly

text: lines

text: of

text: people

text: queued

text: until

text: pm

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: stations

text: In

text: mid

text: September

text: about

text: a

text: night

text: slept

text: in

text: the

text: Underground

text: although

text: by

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: spring

text: months

text: the

text: numbers

text: had

text: declined

text: to

text: or

text: less

text: Noises

text: of

text: battle

text: were

text: muffled

text: and

text: sleep

text: was

text: easier

text: in

text: the

text: deepest

text: stations

text: but

text: many

text: were

text: killed

text: from

text: direct

text: hits

text: on

text: several

text: stations

question: Why did the government refuse to allow the London Underground stations to be used as shelters?

answer: interfere with commuter and troop travel

text: interfere with commuter and troop travel

question: Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?

answer: by the second week

text: by the second week

question: In 1940 how many people were sleeping in the Underground stations?

answer: 150,000 a night

text: 150,000 a night

question: Muffling the sound of batter made what easier in the Underground Stations?

answer: sleep

text: sleep

question: Why were many killed in Underground Stations?

answer: direct hits

text: direct hits


text: The Cubs enjoyed one more pennant at the close of World War II, finishing 98–56. Due to the wartime travel restrictions, the first three games of the 1945 World Series were played in Detroit, where the Cubs won two games, including a one-hitter by Claude Passeau, and the final four were played at Wrigley. In Game 4 of the Series, the Curse of the Billy Goat was allegedly laid upon the Cubs when P.K. Wrigley ejected Billy Sianis, who had come to Game 4 with two box seat tickets, one for him and one for his goat. They paraded around for a few innings, but Wrigley demanded the goat leave the park due to its unpleasant odor. Upon his ejection, Mr. Sianis uttered, "The Cubs, they ain't gonna win no more." The Cubs lost Game 4, lost the Series, and have not been back since. It has also been said by many that Sianis put a "curse" on the Cubs, apparently preventing the team from playing in the World Series. After losing the 1945 World Series to the Detroit Tigers, the Cubs finished with winning seasons the next two years, but those teams did not enter post-season play.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: Cubs

text: enjoyed

text: one

text: more

text: pennant

text: at

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: finishing

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: wartime

text: travel

text: restrictions

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: games

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: were

text: played

text: in

text: Detroit

text: where

text: the

text: Cubs

text: won

text: two

text: games

text: including

text: a

text: one

text: hitter

text: by

text: Claude

text: Passeau

text: and

text: the

text: final

text: four

text: were

text: played

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: In

text: Game

text: of

text: the

text: Series

text: the

text: Curse

text: of

text: the

text: Billy

text: Goat

text: was

text: allegedly

text: laid

text: upon

text: the

text: Cubs

text: when

text: P.K.

text: Wrigley

text: ejected

text: Billy

text: Sianis

text: who

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: Game

text: with

text: two

text: box

text: seat

text: tickets

text: one

text: for

text: him

text: and

text: one

text: for

text: his

text: goat

text: They

text: paraded

text: around

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: innings

text: but

text: Wrigley

text: demanded

text: the

text: goat

text: leave

text: the

text: park

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: unpleasant

text: odor

text: Upon

text: his

text: ejection

text: Mr.

text: Sianis

text: uttered

text: The

text: Cubs

text: they

text: ai

text: n't

text: gon

text: win

text: no

text: more

text: The

text: Cubs

text: lost

text: Game

text: lost

text: the

text: Series

text: and

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: back

text: since

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: said

text: by

text: many

text: that

text: Sianis

text: put

text: a

text: curse

text: on

text: the

text: Cubs

text: apparently

text: preventing

text: the

text: team

text: from

text: playing

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: After

text: losing

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: to

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Tigers

text: the

text: Cubs

text: finished

text: with

text: winning

text: seasons

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: years

text: but

text: those

text: teams

text: did

text: not

text: enter

text: post

text: season

text: play

question: Why were the first three games of the 1945 World Series played in Detroit?

answer: wartime travel restrictions

text: wartime travel restrictions

question: Where were the final four games of the 1945 World Series played?

answer: Wrigley

text: Wrigley

question: In what game was the Curse of the Billy Goat allegedly laid upon the Cubs?

answer: Game 4 of the Series

text: Game 4 of the Series

question: What was ejected from Wrigley park because of it's bad odor?

answer: goat

text: goat


text: With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: With

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: Spain

text: ceded

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: soon

text: thereafter

text: the

text: local

text: Catalan

text: varieties

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: French

text: which

text: in

text: became

text: the

text: sole

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: region

question: When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?

answer: 1659

question: What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France?

answer: northern part

text: northern part

question: Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France?

answer: Treaty of the Pyrenees

text: Treaty of the Pyrenees

question: What language began to influence Catalan?

answer: French

text: French

question: When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia?

answer: 1700


text: Growing scientific recognition of the role of private lands for endangered species recovery and the landmark 1981 court decision in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources both contributed to making Habitat Conservation Plans/ Incidental Take Permits "a major force for wildlife conservation and a major headache to the development community", wrote Robert D.Thornton in the 1991 Environmental Law article, Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: Growing

text: scientific

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: private

text: lands

text: for

text: endangered

text: species

text: recovery

text: and

text: the

text: landmark

text: court

text: decision

text: in

text: Palila

text: v.

text: Hawaii

text: Department

text: of

text: Land

text: and

text: Natural

text: Resources

text: both

text: contributed

text: to

text: making

text: Habitat

text: Conservation

text: Plans/

text: Incidental

text: Take

text: Permits

text: a

text: major

text: force

text: for

text: wildlife

text: conservation

text: and

text: a

text: major

text: headache

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: community

text: wrote

text: Robert

text: D.Thornton

text: in

text: the

text: Environmental

text: Law

text: article

text: Searching

text: for

text: Consensus

text: and

text: Predictability

text: Habitat

text: Conservation

text: Planning

text: under

text: the

text: Endangered

text: Species

text: Act

text: of

question: What 1981 court decision added to the power of HCPs and ITPs for conservation?

answer: Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources

text: Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources

question: Who wrote the article "Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973."

answer: Robert D.Thornton

text: Robert D.Thornton

question: What did Thornton compare the scientific and legal advances to, from the viewpoint of the development community?

answer: a major headache

text: a major headache


text: During the 18th and 19th centuries, federal law traditionally focused on areas where there was an express grant of power to the federal government in the federal Constitution, like the military, money, foreign relations (especially international treaties), tariffs, intellectual property (specifically patents and copyrights), and mail. Since the start of the 20th century, broad interpretations of the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution have enabled federal law to expand into areas like aviation, telecommunications, railroads, pharmaceuticals, antitrust, and trademarks. In some areas, like aviation and railroads, the federal government has developed a comprehensive scheme that preempts virtually all state law, while in others, like family law, a relatively small number of federal statutes (generally covering interstate and international situations) interacts with a much larger body of state law. In areas like antitrust, trademark, and employment law, there are powerful laws at both the federal and state levels that coexist with each other. In a handful of areas like insurance, Congress has enacted laws expressly refusing to regulate them as long as the states have laws regulating them (see, e.g., the McCarran-Ferguson Act).

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: federal

text: law

text: traditionally

text: focused

text: on

text: areas

text: where

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: express

text: grant

text: of

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: Constitution

text: like

text: the

text: military

text: money

text: foreign

text: relations

text: especially

text: international

text: treaties

text: tariffs

text: intellectual

text: property

text: specifically

text: patents

text: and

text: copyrights

text: and

text: mail

text: Since

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: broad

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: Commerce

text: and

text: Spending

text: Clauses

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: have

text: enabled

text: federal

text: law

text: to

text: expand

text: into

text: areas

text: like

text: aviation

text: telecommunications

text: railroads

text: pharmaceuticals

text: antitrust

text: and

text: trademarks

text: In

text: some

text: areas

text: like

text: aviation

text: and

text: railroads

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: has

text: developed

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: scheme

text: that

text: preempts

text: virtually

text: all

text: state

text: law

text: while

text: in

text: others

text: like

text: family

text: law

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: federal

text: statutes

text: generally

text: covering

text: interstate

text: and

text: international

text: situations

text: interacts

text: with

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: body

text: of

text: state

text: law

text: In

text: areas

text: like

text: antitrust

text: trademark

text: and

text: employment

text: law

text: there

text: are

text: powerful

text: laws

text: at

text: both

text: the

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: levels

text: that

text: coexist

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: In

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: areas

text: like

text: insurance

text: Congress

text: has

text: enacted

text: laws

text: expressly

text: refusing

text: to

text: regulate

text: them

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: the

text: states

text: have

text: laws

text: regulating

text: them

text: see

text: e.g.

text: the

text: McCarran

text: Ferguson

text: Act

question: What areas of the Constitution deal with issuses such as aviation, railroads, and trademarks?

answer: Commerce and Spending Clauses

text: Commerce and Spending Clauses

question: In areas of law such as insurance, there are laws refusing to regulate them as long as states have laws doing what?

answer: regulating them

text: regulating them

question: What type of property are trademarks and copyrights?

answer: intellectual property

text: intellectual property

question: What governs things such as military, money, foreign relations, etc.?

answer: federal law

text: federal law

question: What enabled federal law to begin expanding into other areas such as avaition, telecommunications, railroads, etc.?

answer: Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution

text: Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution

question: When did the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution allow federal power to begin expanding?

answer: start of the 20th century

text: start of the 20th century

question: What is a law enacted by Congress that states that it refuses to regulate some industries as long as the states have regulations in place already?

answer: McCarran-Ferguson Act

text: McCarran-Ferguson Act

question: What happens when both the federal and state governments have regulations that overlap?

answer: coexist with each other

text: coexist with each other


text: The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word "police" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.

title: Police

title: Police

text: The

text: word

text: police

text: was

text: borrowed

text: from

text: French

text: into

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: it

text: applied

text: only

text: to

text: French

text: and

text: continental

text: European

text: police

text: forces

text: The

text: word

text: and

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: police

text: itself

text: were

text: disliked

text: as

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: foreign

text: oppression

text: according

text: to

text: Britannica

text: Before

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: first

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: police

text: recorded

text: in

text: government

text: documents

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: Commissioners

text: of

text: Police

text: for

text: Scotland

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Marine

text: Police

text: in

question: When did the French language adopt the word 'police'?

answer: in the 18th century

text: in the 18th century

question: Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'?

answer: Britannica 1911

text: Britannica 1911

question: What language did French borrow the word 'police' from?

answer: English

text: English

question: When were the Marine Police created in the UK?

answer: 1798

question: What was the first use of 'police' in the UK?

answer: the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714

text: the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714


text: Graduate schools include the School of Medicine, currently ranked sixth in the nation, and the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, currently ranked first. The program in occupational therapy at Washington University currently occupies the first spot for the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, and the program in physical therapy is ranked first as well. For the 2015 edition, the School of Law is ranked 18th and the Olin Business School is ranked 19th. Additionally, the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design was ranked ninth in the nation by the journal DesignIntelligence in its 2013 edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools."

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Graduate

text: schools

text: include

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: currently

text: ranked

text: sixth

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: and

text: the

text: George

text: Warren

text: Brown

text: School

text: of

text: Social

text: Work

text: currently

text: ranked

text: first

text: The

text: program

text: in

text: occupational

text: therapy

text: at

text: Washington

text: University

text: currently

text: occupies

text: the

text: first

text: spot

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: News

text: World

text: Report

text: rankings

text: and

text: the

text: program

text: in

text: physical

text: therapy

text: is

text: ranked

text: first

text: as

text: well

text: For

text: the

text: edition

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: is

text: ranked

text: and

text: the

text: Olin

text: Business

text: School

text: is

text: ranked

text: Additionally

text: the

text: Graduate

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: and

text: Urban

text: Design

text: was

text: ranked

text: ninth

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: by

text: the

text: journal

text: DesignIntelligence

text: in

text: its

text: edition

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: Best

text: Architecture

text: Design

text: Schools

question: What is the current national rank of the School of Medicine at Washington University?

answer: sixth in the nation

text: sixth in the nation

question: What is the current national rank of Brown School of Social Work?

answer: currently ranked first

text: currently ranked first

question: What program at Washington University ranks first in the 2016 in the U.S. News & World Reports rankings?

answer: The program in occupational therapy

text: The program in occupational therapy

question: Where did the School of Law rank in  2015 by the U.S. News & World Reports?

answer: 18th

question: What year did the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design rank ninth by Designintellence?

answer: 2013


text: Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the cause (or principium), the word designates the Lord, who is the cause of the universe, the pati, or the ruler. Pashupatas disapproved of Vaishnava theology, known for its doctrine servitude of souls to the Supreme Being, on the grounds that dependence upon anything could not be the means of cessation of pain and other desired ends. They recognised that those depending upon another and longing for independence will not be emancipated because they still depend upon something other than themselves. According to Pāśupatas, soul possesses the attributes of the Supreme Deity when it becomes liberated from the 'germ of every pain'.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Pāśupata

text: Shaivism

text: Pāśupata

text: of

text: Paśupati

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: Shaiva

text: schools

text: The

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Pashupata

text: sect

text: was

text: systematized

text: by

text: Lakulish

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: Paśu

text: in

text: Paśupati

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: effect

text: or

text: created

text: world

text: the

text: word

text: designates

text: that

text: which

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: something

text: ulterior

text: Whereas

text: Pati

text: means

text: the

text: cause

text: or

text: principium

text: the

text: word

text: designates

text: the

text: Lord

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: the

text: pati

text: or

text: the

text: ruler

text: Pashupatas

text: disapproved

text: of

text: Vaishnava

text: theology

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: doctrine

text: servitude

text: of

text: souls

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Being

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: dependence

text: upon

text: anything

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: cessation

text: of

text: pain

text: and

text: other

text: desired

text: ends

text: They

text: recognised

text: that

text: those

text: depending

text: upon

text: another

text: and

text: longing

text: for

text: independence

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: emancipated

text: because

text: they

text: still

text: depend

text: upon

text: something

text: other

text: than

text: themselves

text: According

text: to

text: Pāśupatas

text: soul

text: possesses

text: the

text: attributes

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Deity

text: when

text: it

text: becomes

text: liberated

text: from

text: the

text: germ

text: of

text: every

text: pain

question: What is the oldest school of Shaivism?

answer: Pāśupata Shaivism

text: Pāśupata Shaivism

question: Who organized the Pasupata philosophy?

answer: Lakulish

text: Lakulish

question: When did Lakulish systematize the Pasupata Shaivism?

answer: 2nd century CE

text: 2nd century CE

question: What school of philosophy did the Pasupatas dislike?

answer: Vaishnava theology

text: Vaishnava theology

question: What aspect of Vaishnava was unpalatable for the Pasupatas?

answer: servitude of souls

text: servitude of souls


text: Hokkien dialects are typically written using Chinese characters (漢字, Hàn-jī). However, the written script was and remains adapted to the literary form, which is based on classical Chinese, not the vernacular and spoken form. Furthermore, the character inventory used for Mandarin (standard written Chinese) does not correspond to Hokkien words, and there are a large number of informal characters (替字, thè-jī or thòe-jī; 'substitute characters') which are unique to Hokkien (as is the case with Cantonese). For instance, about 20 to 25% of Taiwanese morphemes lack an appropriate or standard Chinese character.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: Hokkien

text: dialects

text: are

text: typically

text: written

text: using

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: 漢字

text: Hàn

text: jī

text: However

text: the

text: written

text: script

text: was

text: and

text: remains

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: literary

text: form

text: which

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: classical

text: Chinese

text: not

text: the

text: vernacular

text: and

text: spoken

text: form

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: character

text: inventory

text: used

text: for

text: Mandarin

text: standard

text: written

text: Chinese

text: does

text: not

text: correspond

text: to

text: Hokkien

text: words

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: informal

text: characters

text: 替字

text: thè

text: jī

text: or

text: thòe

text: jī

text: substitute

text: characters

text: which

text: are

text: unique

text: to

text: Hokkien

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: Cantonese

text: For

text: instance

text: about

text: to

text: of

text: Taiwanese

text: morphemes

text: lack

text: an

text: appropriate

text: or

text: standard

text: Chinese

text: character

question: Hokkien is usually written using what characters?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: Written Hokkein is based on what?

answer: classical Chinese

text: classical Chinese

question: What is another name for standard written chinese?

answer: Mandarin

text: Mandarin

question: Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character?

answer: 20 to 25%

text: 20 to 25%


text: This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or relative motion) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, Le Fauconnier’s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's City of Paris, shown at the Indépendants in 1912. These ambitious works are some of the largest paintings in the history of Cubism. Léger’s The Wedding, also shown at the Salon des Indépendants in 1912, gave form to the notion of simultaneity by presenting different motifs as occurring within a single temporal frame, where responses to the past and present interpenetrate with collective force. The conjunction of such subject matter with simultaneity aligns Salon Cubism with early Futurist paintings by Umberto Boccioni, Gino Severini and Carlo Carrà; themselves made in response to early Cubism.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: This

text: technique

text: of

text: representing

text: simultaneity

text: multiple

text: viewpoints

text: or

text: relative

text: motion

text: is

text: pushed

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: degree

text: of

text: complexity

text: in

text: Gleizes

text: monumental

text: Le

text: Dépiquage

text: des

text: Moissons

text: Harvest

text: Threshing

text: exhibited

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: de

text: la

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: Le

text: Fauconnier

text: ’s

text: Abundance

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: Indépendants

text: of

text: and

text: Delaunay

text: 's

text: City

text: of

text: Paris

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: Indépendants

text: in

text: These

text: ambitious

text: works

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: paintings

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Cubism

text: Léger

text: ’s

text: The

text: Wedding

text: also

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: in

text: gave

text: form

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: simultaneity

text: by

text: presenting

text: different

text: motifs

text: as

text: occurring

text: within

text: a

text: single

text: temporal

text: frame

text: where

text: responses

text: to

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: present

text: interpenetrate

text: with

text: collective

text: force

text: The

text: conjunction

text: of

text: such

text: subject

text: matter

text: with

text: simultaneity

text: aligns

text: Salon

text: Cubism

text: with

text: early

text: Futurist

text: paintings

text: by

text: Umberto

text: Boccioni

text: Gino

text: Severini

text: and

text: Carlo

text: Carrà

text: themselves

text: made

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: early

text: Cubism

question: What did the technique in Gliezes' piece Le Depiquage represent?

answer: relative motion)

text: relative motion)

question: Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1912?

answer: Léger

text: Léger

question: Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or?

answer: Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing)

text: Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing)


text: "Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC).

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Chopped

text: units

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: forces

text: The

text: top

text: level

text: structure

text: of

text: these

text: forces

text: is

text: the

text: Air

text: and

text: Space

text: Expeditionary

text: Task

text: Force

text: AETF

text: The

text: AETF

text: is

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: presentation

text: of

text: forces

text: to

text: a

text: CCDR

text: for

text: the

text: employment

text: of

text: Air

text: Power

text: Each

text: CCDR

text: is

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: standing

text: Component

text: Numbered

text: Air

text: Force

text: C

text: NAF

text: to

text: provide

text: planning

text: and

text: execution

text: of

text: aerospace

text: forces

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: CCDR

text: requirements

text: Each

text: C

text: NAF

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: Commander

text: Air

text: Force

text: Forces

text: COMAFFOR

text: and

text: AFFOR

text: A

text: staff

text: and

text: an

text: Air

text: Operations

text: Center

text: AOC

text: As

text: needed

text: to

text: support

text: multiple

text: Joint

text: Force

text: Commanders

text: JFC

text: in

text: the

text: COCOM

text: 's

text: Area

text: of

text: Responsibility

text: AOR

text: the

text: C

text: NAF

text: may

text: deploy

text: Air

text: Component

text: Coordinate

text: Elements

text: ACCE

text: to

text: liaise

text: with

text: the

text: JFC

text: If

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: possesses

text: the

text: preponderance

text: of

text: air

text: forces

text: in

text: a

text: JFC

text: 's

text: area

text: of

text: operations

text: the

text: COMAFFOR

text: will

text: also

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: Joint

text: Forces

text: Air

text: Component

text: Commander

text: JFACC

question: What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF?

answer: forces

text: forces

question: What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF?

answer: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force

text: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force

question: What does the C-NAF provide support to?

answer: planning and execution of aerospace forces

text: planning and execution of aerospace forces

question: Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions?

answer: JFC

text: JFC


text: On 28 April 2015, the Iranian navy seized the Marshall Island-flagged MV Maersk Tigris near the Strait of Hormuz. The ship had been chartered by Germany's Rickmers Ship Management, which stated that the ship contained no special cargo and no military weapons. The ship was reported to be under the control of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard according to the Pentagon. Tensions escallated in the region due to the intensifying of Saudi-led coalition attacks in Yemen. The Pentagon reported that the destroyer USS Farragut and a maritime reconnaissance aircraft were dispatched upon receiving a distress call from the ship Tigris and it was also reported that all 34 crew members were detained. US defense officials have said that they would review U.S. defense obligations to the Government of the Marshall Islands in the wake of recent events and also condemned the shots fired at the bridge as "inappropriate". It was reported in May 2015 that Tehran would release the ship after it paid a penalty.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: Iranian

text: navy

text: seized

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Island

text: flagged

text: MV

text: Maersk

text: Tigris

text: near

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: The

text: ship

text: had

text: been

text: chartered

text: by

text: Germany

text: 's

text: Rickmers

text: Ship

text: Management

text: which

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: ship

text: contained

text: no

text: special

text: cargo

text: and

text: no

text: military

text: weapons

text: The

text: ship

text: was

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Iranian

text: Revolutionary

text: Guard

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Pentagon

text: Tensions

text: escallated

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: intensifying

text: of

text: Saudi

text: led

text: coalition

text: attacks

text: in

text: Yemen

text: The

text: Pentagon

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: destroyer

text: USS

text: Farragut

text: and

text: a

text: maritime

text: reconnaissance

text: aircraft

text: were

text: dispatched

text: upon

text: receiving

text: a

text: distress

text: call

text: from

text: the

text: ship

text: Tigris

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: reported

text: that

text: all

text: crew

text: members

text: were

text: detained

text: US

text: defense

text: officials

text: have

text: said

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: review

text: U.S.

text: defense

text: obligations

text: to

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: recent

text: events

text: and

text: also

text: condemned

text: the

text: shots

text: fired

text: at

text: the

text: bridge

text: as

text: inappropriate

text: It

text: was

text: reported

text: in

text: May

text: that

text: Tehran

text: would

text: release

text: the

text: ship

text: after

text: it

text: paid

text: a

text: penalty

question: On what date did the Iranian Navy capture a Marshall Islands ship?

answer: 28 April 2015

text: 28 April 2015

question: What was the name of the Marshall Islands ship seized by Iran?

answer: MV Maersk Tigris

text: MV Maersk Tigris

question: Who chartered the captured Marshall Islands ship?

answer: Rickmers Ship Management

text: Rickmers Ship Management

question: How many crew members were on the MV Maersk Tigris?

answer: 34

question: Near what body of water was the Maersk Tigris seized?

answer: the Strait of Hormuz

text: the Strait of Hormuz


text: In the early 2000s, print media in Somalia reached a peak in activity. Around 50 newspapers were published in Mogadishu alone during this period, including Qaran, Mogadishu Times, Sana'a, Shabelle Press, Ayaamaha, Mandeeq, Sky Sport, Goal, The Nation, Dalka, Panorama, Aayaha Nolosha, Codka Xuriyada and Xidigta Maanta. In 2003, as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate, advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers. A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations, as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution. In 2012, the political Xog Doon and Xog Ogaal and Horyaal Sports were reportedly the last remaining newspapers printed in the capital. According to Issa Farah, a former editor with the Dalka broadsheet, newspaper publishing in Somalia is likely to experience a resurgence if the National Somali Printing Press is re-opened and the sector is given adequate public support.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: print

text: media

text: in

text: Somalia

text: reached

text: a

text: peak

text: in

text: activity

text: Around

text: newspapers

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: Mogadishu

text: alone

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: including

text: Qaran

text: Mogadishu

text: Times

text: Sana'a

text: Shabelle

text: Press

text: Ayaamaha

text: Mandeeq

text: Sky

text: Sport

text: Goal

text: The

text: Nation

text: Dalka

text: Panorama

text: Aayaha

text: Nolosha

text: Codka

text: Xuriyada

text: and

text: Xidigta

text: Maanta

text: In

text: as

text: new

text: free

text: electronic

text: media

text: outlets

text: started

text: to

text: proliferate

text: advertisers

text: increasingly

text: began

text: switching

text: over

text: from

text: print

text: ads

text: to

text: radio

text: and

text: online

text: commercials

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reach

text: more

text: customers

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: broadsheets

text: in

text: circulation

text: subsequently

text: closed

text: down

text: operations

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: able

text: to

text: cover

text: printing

text: costs

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: electronic

text: revolution

text: In

text: the

text: political

text: Xog

text: Doon

text: and

text: Xog

text: Ogaal

text: and

text: Horyaal

text: Sports

text: were

text: reportedly

text: the

text: last

text: remaining

text: newspapers

text: printed

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: According

text: to

text: Issa

text: Farah

text: a

text: former

text: editor

text: with

text: the

text: Dalka

text: broadsheet

text: newspaper

text: publishing

text: in

text: Somalia

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: experience

text: a

text: resurgence

text: if

text: the

text: National

text: Somali

text: Printing

text: Press

text: is

text: re

text: opened

text: and

text: the

text: sector

text: is

text: given

text: adequate

text: public

text: support

question: Where was The Mogadishu Times published?

answer: Mogadishu

text: Mogadishu

question: What year did free media outlets begin to expand?

answer: 2003

question: Advertisers switched from print ads to what to reach more customers?

answer: radio and online commercials

text: radio and online commercials

question: Whos is a former editor with The Delka Broadsheet?

answer: Issa Farah

text: Issa Farah