text: Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world: in the Azores, and in particular on the island of Madeira, there are large forests of endemic Laurisilva forests (the latter protected as a natural heritage preserve). There are several species of diverse mammalian fauna, including the fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear[citation needed] (spotted near Rio Minho, close to Peneda-Gerês) and many others. Portugal is an important stopover for migratory birds, in places such as Cape St. Vincent or the Monchique mountains, where thousands of birds cross from Europe to Africa during the autumn or in the spring (return migration).

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Laurisilva

text: is

text: a

text: unique

text: type

text: of

text: subtropical

text: rainforest

text: found

text: in

text: few

text: areas

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: Azores

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Madeira

text: there

text: are

text: large

text: forests

text: of

text: endemic

text: Laurisilva

text: forests

text: the

text: latter

text: protected

text: as

text: a

text: natural

text: heritage

text: preserve

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: diverse

text: mammalian

text: fauna

text: including

text: the

text: fox

text: badger

text: iberian

text: lynx

text: iberian

text: wolf

text: wild

text: goat

text: Capra

text: pyrenaica

text: wild

text: cat

text: Felis

text: silvestris

text: hare

text: weasel

text: polecat

text: chameleon

text: mongoose

text: civet

text: brown

text: bear[citation

text: needed

text: spotted

text: near

text: Rio

text: Minho

text: close

text: to

text: Peneda

text: Gerês

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: Portugal

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: stopover

text: for

text: migratory

text: birds

text: in

text: places

text: such

text: as

text: Cape

text: St.

text: Vincent

text: or

text: the

text: Monchique

text: mountains

text: where

text: thousands

text: of

text: birds

text: cross

text: from

text: Europe

text: to

text: Africa

text: during

text: the

text: autumn

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: return

text: migration

question: What is Laurisilva?

answer: a unique type of subtropical rainforest

text: a unique type of subtropical rainforest

question: What are some examples of  mammalian fauna found in Laurisilva forests?

answer: fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear

text: fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear

question: What type of animal crosses between Europe and Africa during the Autumn?

answer: migratory birds

text: migratory birds


text: The Solís Theatre is Uruguay's oldest theatre. It was built in 1856 and is currently owned by the government of Montevideo. In 1998, the government of Montevideo started a major reconstruction of the theatre, which included two US$110,000 columns designed by Philippe Starck. The reconstruction was completed in 2004, and the theatre reopened in August of that year. The plaza is also the site of the offices of the President of Uruguay (both the Estévez Palace and the Executive Tower). The Artigas Mausoleum is located at the centre of the plaza. Statues include that of José Gervasio Artigas, hero of Uruguay's independence movement; an honour guard keeps vigil at the Mausoleum.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: Solís

text: Theatre

text: is

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: oldest

text: theatre

text: It

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: In

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: started

text: a

text: major

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: which

text: included

text: two

text: US$

text: columns

text: designed

text: by

text: Philippe

text: Starck

text: The

text: reconstruction

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: theatre

text: reopened

text: in

text: August

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: The

text: plaza

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: offices

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: both

text: the

text: Estévez

text: Palace

text: and

text: the

text: Executive

text: Tower

text: The

text: Artigas

text: Mausoleum

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: plaza

text: Statues

text: include

text: that

text: of

text: José

text: Gervasio

text: Artigas

text: hero

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: independence

text: movement

text: an

text: honour

text: guard

text: keeps

text: vigil

text: at

text: the

text: Mausoleum

question: What is Uruguay's oldest theater?

answer: The Solís Theatre

text: The Solís Theatre

question: When was The Solis Theater built?

answer: 1856

question: Who owns The Solis Theater?

answer: the government of Montevideo

text: the government of Montevideo

question: What year did the government of Montevideo start a major reconstruction of the Solis  Theater?

answer: 1998

question: What year was the reconstruction of the solis theater completed?

answer: 2004


text: An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment. Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patronage, by its deceptive nature and often great financial resources, an unholy alliance can be much more dangerous to the public interest. An early use of the term was by former US President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt:

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: An

text: unholy

text: alliance

text: is

text: a

text: coalition

text: among

text: seemingly

text: antagonistic

text: groups

text: for

text: ad

text: hoc

text: or

text: hidden

text: gain

text: generally

text: some

text: influential

text: non

text: governmental

text: group

text: forming

text: ties

text: with

text: political

text: parties

text: supplying

text: funding

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: the

text: favorable

text: treatment

text: Like

text: patronage

text: unholy

text: alliances

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: illegal

text: but

text: unlike

text: patronage

text: by

text: its

text: deceptive

text: nature

text: and

text: often

text: great

text: financial

text: resources

text: an

text: unholy

text: alliance

text: can

text: be

text: much

text: more

text: dangerous

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: interest

text: An

text: early

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: by

text: former

text: US

text: President

text: Theodore

text: Teddy

text: Roosevelt

question: When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what?

answer: unholy alliance

text: unholy alliance

question: While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?

answer: patronage

text: patronage


text: In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and most of the Mission lands were sold to wealthy Californio settlers. The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde ("municipal magistrate"), defeating Pío Pico in the vote. (See, List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego.) However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents. Beyond town Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: In

text: Mexico

text: won

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: Spain

text: and

text: San

text: Diego

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: territory

text: of

text: Alta

text: California

text: In

text: Mexico

text: began

text: attempting

text: to

text: extend

text: its

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: coastal

text: territory

text: of

text: Alta

text: California

text: The

text: fort

text: on

text: Presidio

text: Hill

text: was

text: gradually

text: abandoned

text: while

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: grew

text: up

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: land

text: below

text: Presidio

text: Hill

text: The

text: Mission

text: was

text: secularized

text: by

text: the

text: Mexican

text: government

text: in

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Mission

text: lands

text: were

text: sold

text: to

text: wealthy

text: Californio

text: settlers

text: The

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: petitioned

text: the

text: governor

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: pueblo

text: and

text: Juan

text: María

text: Osuna

text: was

text: elected

text: the

text: first

text: alcalde

text: municipal

text: magistrate

text: defeating

text: Pío

text: Pico

text: in

text: the

text: vote

text: See

text: List

text: of

text: pre

text: statehood

text: mayors

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: However

text: San

text: Diego

text: had

text: been

text: losing

text: population

text: throughout

text: the

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: lost

text: its

text: pueblo

text: status

text: because

text: its

text: size

text: dropped

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: residents

text: Beyond

text: town

text: Mexican

text: land

text: grants

text: expanded

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: California

text: ranchos

text: that

text: modestly

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: economy

question: Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?

answer: Juan María Osuna

text: Juan María Osuna

question: What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821?

answer: Alta California

text: Alta California

question: Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?

answer: its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents

text: its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents

question: What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill?

answer: The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned

text: The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned

question: Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?

answer: Pío Pico

text: Pío Pico


text: Most capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three numeric digits and a letter, where the digits indicate the capacitance in pF (calculated as XY × 10Z for digits XYZ) and the letter indicates the tolerance (J, K or M for ±5%, ±10% and ±20% respectively).

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Most

text: capacitors

text: have

text: numbers

text: printed

text: on

text: their

text: bodies

text: to

text: indicate

text: their

text: electrical

text: characteristics

text: Larger

text: capacitors

text: like

text: electrolytics

text: usually

text: display

text: the

text: actual

text: capacitance

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: unit

text: for

text: example

text: μF

text: Smaller

text: capacitors

text: like

text: ceramics

text: however

text: use

text: a

text: shorthand

text: consisting

text: of

text: three

text: numeric

text: digits

text: and

text: a

text: letter

text: where

text: the

text: digits

text: indicate

text: the

text: capacitance

text: in

text: pF

text: calculated

text: as

text: XY

text: for

text: digits

text: XYZ

text: and

text: the

text: letter

text: indicates

text: the

text: tolerance

text: J

text: K

text: or

text: M

text: for

text: ±5

text: and

text: respectively

question: How do larger capacitors present their electrical characteristics?

answer: display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF)

text: display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF)

question: What does the abbreviated electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors consist of?

answer: three numeric digits and a letter

text: three numeric digits and a letter

question: What part of the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors do the digits of the abbreviated notation represent ?

answer: the digits indicate the capacitance

text: the digits indicate the capacitance

question: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent?

answer: the letter indicates the tolerance

text: the letter indicates the tolerance

question: In what SI unit is the capacitance reported on smaller capacitors?

answer: in pF

text: in pF


text: Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC.  Mark Antony, Caesar's lieutenant, condemned Caesar's assassination, and war broke out between the two factions. Antony was denounced as a public enemy, and Caesar's adopted son and chosen heir, Gaius Octavianus, was entrusted with the command of the war against him. At the Battle of Mutina Mark Antony was defeated by the consuls Hirtius and Pansa, who were both killed.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Caesar

text: was

text: now

text: the

text: primary

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: state

text: enforcing

text: and

text: entrenching

text: his

text: powers

text: His

text: enemies

text: feared

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: ambitions

text: to

text: become

text: an

text: autocratic

text: ruler

text: Arguing

text: that

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: was

text: in

text: danger

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: senators

text: hatched

text: a

text: conspiracy

text: and

text: assassinated

text: Caesar

text: at

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: in

text: March

text: BC

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: lieutenant

text: condemned

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: assassination

text: and

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: factions

text: Antony

text: was

text: denounced

text: as

text: a

text: public

text: enemy

text: and

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: and

text: chosen

text: heir

text: Gaius

text: Octavianus

text: was

text: entrusted

text: with

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: him

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Mutina

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: was

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: consuls

text: Hirtius

text: and

text: Pansa

text: who

text: were

text: both

text: killed

question: Who was now considered to be the primary figure in the Roman state?

answer: Caesar

text: Caesar

question: Which group of people conspired against Caesar in order to have him assassinated?

answer: senators

text: senators

question: Which former lieutenant of Caesar was considered a public threat after Caesar was assassinated?

answer: Mark Antony

text: Mark Antony

question: When did Julius Caesar die?

answer: March 44 BC

text: March 44 BC

question: Why did the Roman senators wish to have Caesar assassinated?

answer: the Roman Republic was in danger

text: the Roman Republic was in danger


text: In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: In

text: May

text: The

text: Daily

text: Telegraph

text: citing

text: unnamed

text: sources

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: Queen

text: was

text: exasperated

text: and

text: frustrated

text: by

text: the

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: concerned

text: the

text: British

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: were

text: overstretched

text: in

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: that

text: she

text: had

text: raised

text: concerns

text: over

text: rural

text: and

text: countryside

text: issues

text: with

text: Blair

text: She

text: was

text: however

text: said

text: to

text: admire

text: Blair

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: achieve

text: peace

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: On

text: March

text: at

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Ireland

text: St

text: Patrick

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: Armagh

text: the

text: Queen

text: attended

text: the

text: first

text: Maundy

text: service

text: held

text: outside

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: At

text: the

text: invitation

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: President

text: Mary

text: McAleese

text: the

text: Queen

text: made

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: by

text: a

text: British

text: monarch

text: in

text: May

question: Who, in 2007, frustrated Elizabeth?

answer: Prime Minister, Tony Blair

text: Prime Minister, Tony Blair

question: What issue of Blair's did Elizabeth admire?

answer: peace in Northern Ireland

text: peace in Northern Ireland

question: When did Elizabeth attend a service at Armagm, in Ireland?

answer: 20 March 2008

text: 20 March 2008

question: What service did Elizabeth attend in Armagm?

answer: Maundy

text: Maundy

question: When did Elizabeth make the first visit to Ireland by a British monarch?

answer: May 2011.

text: May 2011.


text: Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Shiraz

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: census

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: major

text: city

text: of

text: Iran

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Fars

text: Province

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: former

text: capital

text: of

text: Iran

text: The

text: area

text: was

text: greatly

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Babylonian

text: civilization

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Persians

text: soon

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: Persis

text: Persians

text: were

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: became

text: rulers

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: empire

text: under

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: The

text: ruins

text: of

text: Persepolis

text: and

text: Pasargadae

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: capitals

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: are

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: city

text: of

text: Shiraz

question: What is the sixth most populous city of Iran?

answer: Shiraz

text: Shiraz

question: What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census?

answer: 1.4 million

text: 1.4 million

question: Shiraz is the capital of what Province?

answer: Fars Province

text: Fars Province

question: What ancient civilization has majorly influenced the Fars Province?

answer: Babylonian civilization

text: Babylonian civilization

question: Persians have been in the Fars Province since what century?

answer: 9th century BC

text: 9th century BC


text: In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981, which he called the IXI. He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: In

text: September

text: during

text: a

text: lawsuit

text: with

text: patent

text: holding

text: company

text: Burst.com

text: Apple

text: drew

text: attention

text: to

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: a

text: similar

text: device

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: Kane

text: Kramer

text: applied

text: for

text: a

text: UK

text: patent

text: for

text: his

text: design

text: of

text: a

text: plastic

text: music

text: box

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: IXI

text: He

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: secure

text: funding

text: to

text: renew

text: the

text: US$

text: worldwide

text: patent

text: so

text: it

text: lapsed

text: and

text: Kramer

text: never

text: profited

text: from

text: his

text: idea

question: Apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007?

answer: Burst.com

text: Burst.com

question: Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?

answer: Kane Kramer

text: Kane Kramer

question: In what country did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?

answer: UK

text: UK

question: In what year did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?

answer: 1981

question: What did Kane Kramer call the device for which he wanted a patent?

answer: IXI

text: IXI

question: What patent holding company sued Apple in 2007?

answer: Burst.com

text: Burst.com

question: What was the name of the previously-patented music player from 1981?

answer: IXI

text: IXI

question: Who was the holder of the previous patent for the "plastic music box"?

answer: Kane Kramer

text: Kane Kramer


text: The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondary starch source, such as maize (corn), rice or sugar, often being termed an adjunct, especially when used as a lower-cost substitute for malted barley. Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava root in Africa, and potato in Brazil, and agave in Mexico, among others. The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: basic

text: ingredients

text: of

text: beer

text: are

text: water

text: a

text: starch

text: source

text: such

text: as

text: malted

text: barley

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: saccharified

text: converted

text: to

text: sugars

text: then

text: fermented

text: converted

text: into

text: ethanol

text: and

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: a

text: brewer

text: 's

text: yeast

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: fermentation

text: and

text: a

text: flavouring

text: such

text: as

text: hops

text: A

text: mixture

text: of

text: starch

text: sources

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: a

text: secondary

text: starch

text: source

text: such

text: as

text: maize

text: corn

text: rice

text: or

text: sugar

text: often

text: being

text: termed

text: an

text: adjunct

text: especially

text: when

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: lower

text: cost

text: substitute

text: for

text: malted

text: barley

text: Less

text: widely

text: used

text: starch

text: sources

text: include

text: millet

text: sorghum

text: and

text: cassava

text: root

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: potato

text: in

text: Brazil

text: and

text: agave

text: in

text: Mexico

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: each

text: starch

text: source

text: in

text: a

text: beer

text: recipe

text: is

text: collectively

text: called

text: the

text: grain

text: bill

question: What causes fermentation during the brewing process when making a beer?

answer: yeast

text: yeast

question: Which ingredient gives beer its flavor?

answer: hops

text: hops

question: What vegetable is sometimes used as a grain source for beer in Brazil?

answer: potato

text: potato

question: What is a popular grain source for brewing beer in Mexico?

answer: agave

text: agave

question: In a recipe, what would you call the list of each source of starch in beer?

answer: the grain bill

text: the grain bill


text: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: his

text: native

text: Poland

text: in

text: France

text: where

text: he

text: composed

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: and

text: beyond

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: music

text: his

text: status

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: music

text: 's

text: earliest

text: superstars

text: his

text: association

text: if

text: only

text: indirect

text: with

text: political

text: insurrection

text: his

text: love

text: life

text: and

text: his

text: early

text: death

text: have

text: made

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: consciousness

text: a

text: leading

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: Romantic

text: era

text: His

text: works

text: remain

text: popular

text: and

text: he

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: numerous

text: films

text: and

text: biographies

text: of

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: historical

text: accuracy

question: What was the degree of Frédéric's association with political insurrection?

answer: indirect

text: indirect

question: What parts of Frédéric's personal life influenced his legacy as a leading symbol of the era?

answer: his love life and his early death

text: his love life and his early death

question: In which era was Frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol?

answer: Romantic era

text: Romantic era

question: In what forms of media has Frédéric been the subject of?

answer: films and biographies

text: films and biographies

question: Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?

answer: France

text: France

question: Chopin is a native of what country?

answer: Poland

text: Poland

question: He had a non-direct association with what?

answer: political insurrection

text: political insurrection

question: Chopin is closely associated with what era?

answer: Romantic era

text: Romantic era

question: Where did Chopin create most of his works?

answer: France

text: France

question: Chopin was indirectly related to what?

answer: political insurrection

text: political insurrection

question: Chopin is considered a prominent symbol of what?

answer: Romantic era

text: Romantic era


text: In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: In

text: antiquity

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: people

text: were

text: an

text: important

text: link

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: connecting

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: commerce

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: Somali

text: sailors

text: and

text: merchants

text: were

text: the

text: main

text: suppliers

text: of

text: frankincense

text: myrrh

text: and

text: spices

text: items

text: which

text: were

text: considered

text: valuable

text: luxuries

text: by

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Egyptians

text: Phoenicians

text: Mycenaeans

text: and

text: Babylonians

question: What economic activity in the Horn of Africa did the ancient Somalis connect to the rest of the world?

answer: commerce

text: commerce

question: Along with myrrh and spices, what important luxury did ancient Somali merchants provide?

answer: frankincense

text: frankincense

question: Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?

answer: Mycenaeans

text: Mycenaeans


text: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: While

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: far

text: enough

text: from

text: the

text: coast

text: to

text: avoid

text: any

text: direct

text: impact

text: from

text: a

text: hurricane

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: makes

text: it

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: impacted

text: from

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: tropical

text: cyclones

text: which

text: weaken

text: over

text: land

text: and

text: can

text: cause

text: significant

text: rainfall

text: such

text: as

text: Tropical

text: Storm

text: Chris

text: in

text: and

text: Hurricane

text: Opal

text: in

text: The

text: state

text: averages

text: around

text: days

text: of

text: thunderstorms

text: per

text: year

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: severe

text: with

text: large

text: hail

text: and

text: damaging

text: winds

text: Tornadoes

text: are

text: possible

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: with

text: West

text: and

text: Middle

text: Tennessee

text: the

text: most

text: vulnerable

text: Occasionally

text: strong

text: or

text: violent

text: tornadoes

text: occur

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: devastating

text: April

text: tornadoes

text: that

text: killed

text: people

text: in

text: North

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Tennessee

text: On

text: average

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: tornadoes

text: per

text: year

text: Tornadoes

text: in

text: Tennessee

text: can

text: be

text: severe

text: and

text: Tennessee

text: leads

text: the

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: total

text: tornadoes

text: which

text: have

text: fatalities

text: Winter

text: storms

text: are

text: an

text: occasional

text: problem

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: infamous

text: Blizzard

text: of

text: although

text: ice

text: storms

text: are

text: a

text: more

text: likely

text: occurrence

text: Fog

text: is

text: a

text: persistent

text: problem

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: especially

text: in

text: East

text: Tennessee

question: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?

answer: Hurricane Opal

text: Hurricane Opal

question: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?

answer: 50

question: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?

answer: West and Middle Tennessee

text: West and Middle Tennessee

question: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?

answer: 15

question: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?

answer: 1993


text: Switzerland has one of the best environmental records among nations in the developed world; it was one of the countries to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1998 and ratified it in 2003. With Mexico and the Republic of Korea it forms the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG). The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-littering regulations and is one of the top recyclers in the world, with 66% to 96% of recyclable materials being recycled, depending on the area of the country. The 2014 Global Green Economy Index ranked Switzerland among the top 10 green economies in the world.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: environmental

text: records

text: among

text: nations

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: Kyoto

text: Protocol

text: in

text: and

text: ratified

text: it

text: in

text: With

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: Environmental

text: Integrity

text: Group

text: EIG

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: heavily

text: active

text: in

text: recycling

text: and

text: anti

text: littering

text: regulations

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: recyclers

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: to

text: of

text: recyclable

text: materials

text: being

text: recycled

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: Global

text: Green

text: Economy

text: Index

text: ranked

text: Switzerland

text: among

text: the

text: top

text: green

text: economies

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: When did Switzerland sign the Kyoto Protocol?

answer: 1998

question: When did Switzerland ratify the Kyoto Protocol

answer: 2003

question: What was formed by Switzerland, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea?

answer: Environmental Integrity Group (EIG)

text: Environmental Integrity Group (EIG)

question: What percentage of recyclable materials are being recycled in Switzerland?

answer: 66% to 96%

text: 66% to 96%

question: How did the 2010 Global Green Economy Index rank Switzerland?

answer: among the top 10 green economies in the world

text: among the top 10 green economies in the world


text: At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: At

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: this

text: wing

text: is

text: the

text: famous

text: balcony

text: with

text: the

text: Centre

text: Room

text: behind

text: its

text: glass

text: doors

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: Chinese

text: style

text: saloon

text: enhanced

text: by

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: who

text: working

text: with

text: the

text: designer

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Allom

text: created

text: a

text: more

text: binding

text: Chinese

text: theme

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: although

text: the

text: lacquer

text: doors

text: were

text: brought

text: from

text: Brighton

text: in

text: Running

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: piano

text: nobile

text: of

text: the

text: east

text: wing

text: is

text: the

text: great

text: gallery

text: modestly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Principal

text: Corridor

text: which

text: runs

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: quadrangle

text: It

text: has

text: mirrored

text: doors

text: and

text: mirrored

text: cross

text: walls

text: reflecting

text: porcelain

text: pagodas

text: and

text: other

text: oriental

text: furniture

text: from

text: Brighton

text: The

text: Chinese

text: Luncheon

text: Room

text: and

text: Yellow

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: are

text: situated

text: at

text: each

text: end

text: of

text: this

text: gallery

text: with

text: the

text: Centre

text: Room

text: obviously

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: centre

question: Which room has the famous balcony used by the royals?

answer: Centre Room

text: Centre Room

question: What is the main theme of the Centre Room?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?

answer: Queen Mary

text: Queen Mary

question: The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?

answer: 1873

question: The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?

answer: mirrored doors

text: mirrored doors

question: Which room feature the famous balcony?

answer: Centre Room

text: Centre Room

question: Which designer did Queen Mary work with to enhance the Centre Room?

answer: Sir Charles Allom

text: Sir Charles Allom

question: The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?

answer: mirrored doors

text: mirrored doors

question: What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?

answer: 1873


text: The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts, all licensed NTSC and PAL cartridges are a standard shade of gray plastic. Unlicensed carts were produced in black, robin egg blue, and gold, and are all slightly different shapes than standard NES cartridges. Nintendo also produced yellow-plastic carts for internal use at Nintendo Service Centers, although these "test carts" were never made available for purchase. All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami and Acclaim. For promotion of DuckTales: Remastered, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the Remastered art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies. The instruction label on the back included the opening lyric from the show's theme song, "Life is like a hurricane".

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: back

text: of

text: the

text: cartridge

text: bears

text: a

text: label

text: with

text: instructions

text: on

text: handling

text: Production

text: and

text: software

text: revision

text: codes

text: were

text: imprinted

text: as

text: stamps

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: label

text: to

text: correspond

text: with

text: the

text: software

text: version

text: and

text: producer

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: The

text: Legend

text: of

text: Zelda

text: and

text: Zelda

text: II

text: The

text: Adventure

text: of

text: Link

text: manufactured

text: in

text: gold

text: plastic

text: carts

text: all

text: licensed

text: NTSC

text: and

text: PAL

text: cartridges

text: are

text: a

text: standard

text: shade

text: of

text: gray

text: plastic

text: Unlicensed

text: carts

text: were

text: produced

text: in

text: black

text: robin

text: egg

text: blue

text: and

text: gold

text: and

text: are

text: all

text: slightly

text: different

text: shapes

text: than

text: standard

text: NES

text: cartridges

text: Nintendo

text: also

text: produced

text: yellow

text: plastic

text: carts

text: for

text: internal

text: use

text: at

text: Nintendo

text: Service

text: Centers

text: although

text: these

text: test

text: carts

text: were

text: never

text: made

text: available

text: for

text: purchase

text: All

text: licensed

text: US

text: cartridges

text: were

text: made

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: Konami

text: and

text: Acclaim

text: For

text: promotion

text: of

text: DuckTales

text: Remastered

text: Capcom

text: sent

text: limited

text: edition

text: gold

text: NES

text: cartridges

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: game

text: featuring

text: the

text: Remastered

text: art

text: as

text: the

text: sticker

text: to

text: different

text: gaming

text: news

text: agencies

text: The

text: instruction

text: label

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: included

text: the

text: opening

text: lyric

text: from

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: theme

text: song

text: Life

text: is

text: like

text: a

text: hurricane

question: The Zelda games were manufactured in what color cartridge?

answer: gold

text: gold

question: What is the standard color of all other cartridges?

answer: gray

text: gray

question: What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for internal use?

answer: yellow

text: yellow

question: What was distinctly made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim?

answer: licensed US cartridges

text: licensed US cartridges

question: What was the opening lyric from the Duck Tales theme show?

answer: Life is like a hurricane

text: Life is like a hurricane


text: The Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu to assist with recovery, including WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, OCHA, World Bank, DFAT, New Zealand Red Cross & IFRC, Fiji National University and governments of New Zealand, Netherlands, UAE, Taiwan and the United States.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: Tuvalu

text: Government

text: carried

text: out

text: assessments

text: of

text: the

text: damage

text: caused

text: by

text: Cyclone

text: Pam

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: and

text: has

text: provided

text: medical

text: aid

text: food

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: assistance

text: for

text: the

text: cleaning

text: up

text: of

text: storm

text: debris

text: Government

text: and

text: Non

text: Government

text: Organisations

text: provided

text: assistance

text: technical

text: funding

text: and

text: material

text: support

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: to

text: assist

text: with

text: recovery

text: including

text: WHO

text: UNICEF

text: UNDP

text: OCHA

text: World

text: Bank

text: DFAT

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Red

text: Cross

text: IFRC

text: Fiji

text: National

text: University

text: and

text: governments

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Netherlands

text: UAE

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What did the Tuvalu government assess after Cyclone Pam?

answer: damage

text: damage

question: What event on Tuvalu made assistance to the population necessary?

answer: Cyclone Pam

text: Cyclone Pam

question: What assistance did many international groups give to Tuvalu?

answer: recovery

text: recovery

question: For what action was government assistance necessary after the Tuvalu cyclone??

answer: cleaning-up

text: cleaning-up


text: Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Rugby

text: league

text: is

text: mostly

text: played

text: by

text: Samoans

text: living

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Australia,[citation

text: needed

text: with

text: Samoa

text: reaching

text: the

text: quarter

text: finals

text: of

text: the

text: Rugby

text: League

text: World

text: Cup

text: made

text: of

text: players

text: playing

text: in

text: the

text: NRL

text: Super

text: League

text: and

text: domestic

text: players

text: Many

text: Samoans

text: and

text: New

text: Zealanders

text: or

text: Australians

text: of

text: Samoan

text: descent

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Super

text: League

text: and

text: National

text: Leagues

text: in

text: Britain

text: Francis

text: Meli

text: Ta'ane

text: Lavulavu

text: of

text: Workington

text: Town

text: Maurie

text: Fa'asavalu

text: of

text: St

text: Helens

text: and

text: David

text: Fatialofa

text: of

text: Whitehaven

text: and

text: Setima

text: Sa

text: who

text: signed

text: with

text: London

text: Irish

text: rugby

text: club

text: Other

text: noteworthy

text: players

text: from

text: NZ

text: and

text: Australia

text: have

text: represented

text: the

text: Samoan

text: National

text: team

text: The

text: domestic

text: Samoan

text: rugby

text: league

text: competition

text: contained

text: teams

text: with

text: plans

text: to

text: expand

text: to

text: in

question: In what competition did the Samoan rugby team reach the quarter finals in 2013?

answer: Rugby League World Cup

text: Rugby League World Cup

question: Apart from Australia, in what country other than Samoa might Samoan rugby players live?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: What Samoan rugby player signed to London Irish rugby club?

answer: Setima Sa

text: Setima Sa

question: How many teams played in the 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition?

answer: 10

question: What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for?

answer: St Helens

text: St Helens


text: On 27 April 1944 Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city was published; it called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east–west linked by a north–south avenue (Armada Way) linking the railway station with the vista of Plymouth Hoe. A peripheral road system connecting the historic Barbican on the east and Union Street to the west determines the principal form of the city centre, even following pedestrianisation of the shopping centre in the late 1980s, and continues to inform the present 'Vision for Plymouth' developed by a team led by Barcelona-based architect David MacKay in 2003 which calls for revivification of the city centre with mixed-use and residential. In suburban areas, post-War prefabs had already begun to appear by 1946, and over 1,000 permanent council houses were built each year from 1951–57 according to the Modernist zoned low-density garden city model advocated by Abercrombie. By 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built, more than 13,500 of them permanent council homes and 853 built by the Admiralty. Plymouth is home to 28 parks with an average size of 45,638 square metres (491,240 sq ft). Its largest park is Central Park, with other sizeable green spaces including Victoria Park, Freedom Fields Park, Alexandra Park, Devonport Park and the Hoe.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: On

text: April

text: Sir

text: Patrick

text: Abercrombie

text: 's

text: Plan

text: for

text: Plymouth

text: to

text: rebuild

text: the

text: bomb

text: damaged

text: city

text: was

text: published

text: it

text: called

text: for

text: demolition

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: remaining

text: pre

text: War

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: to

text: make

text: way

text: for

text: their

text: replacement

text: with

text: wide

text: parallel

text: modern

text: boulevards

text: aligned

text: east

text: west

text: linked

text: by

text: a

text: north

text: south

text: avenue

text: Armada

text: Way

text: linking

text: the

text: railway

text: station

text: with

text: the

text: vista

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: Hoe

text: A

text: peripheral

text: road

text: system

text: connecting

text: the

text: historic

text: Barbican

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Union

text: Street

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: determines

text: the

text: principal

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: even

text: following

text: pedestrianisation

text: of

text: the

text: shopping

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: inform

text: the

text: present

text: Vision

text: for

text: Plymouth

text: developed

text: by

text: a

text: team

text: led

text: by

text: Barcelona

text: based

text: architect

text: David

text: MacKay

text: in

text: which

text: calls

text: for

text: revivification

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: with

text: mixed

text: use

text: and

text: residential

text: In

text: suburban

text: areas

text: post

text: War

text: prefabs

text: had

text: already

text: begun

text: to

text: appear

text: by

text: and

text: over

text: permanent

text: council

text: houses

text: were

text: built

text: each

text: year

text: from

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Modernist

text: zoned

text: low

text: density

text: garden

text: city

text: model

text: advocated

text: by

text: Abercrombie

text: By

text: over

text: new

text: homes

text: had

text: been

text: built

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: them

text: permanent

text: council

text: homes

text: and

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Admiralty

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: parks

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: size

text: of

text: square

text: metres

text: sq

text: ft

text: Its

text: largest

text: park

text: is

text: Central

text: Park

text: with

text: other

text: sizeable

text: green

text: spaces

text: including

text: Victoria

text: Park

text: Freedom

text: Fields

text: Park

text: Alexandra

text: Park

text: Devonport

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Hoe

question: On what date was the publication of the Plan for Plymouth?

answer: 27 April 1944

text: 27 April 1944

question: Who wrote the Plan for Plymouth?

answer: Sir Patrick Abercrombie

text: Sir Patrick Abercrombie

question: What street was intended to connect Plymouth Hoe to the railroad station?

answer: Armada Way

text: Armada Way

question: Who headed the team that created the 'Vision for Plymouth'?

answer: David MacKay

text: David MacKay

question: How many parks exist in Plymouth?

answer: 28


text: The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans (who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: PLP

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: government

text: when

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: join

text: CARICOM

text: was

text: made

text: has

text: been

text: dominated

text: for

text: decades

text: by

text: West

text: Indians

text: and

text: their

text: descendants

text: The

text: prominent

text: roles

text: of

text: West

text: Indians

text: among

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: black

text: politicians

text: and

text: labour

text: activists

text: predated

text: party

text: politics

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: as

text: exemplified

text: by

text: Dr.

text: E.

text: F.

text: Gordon

text: The

text: late

text: PLP

text: leader

text: Dame

text: Lois

text: Browne

text: Evans

text: and

text: her

text: Trinidadian

text: born

text: husband

text: John

text: Evans

text: who

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: West

text: Indian

text: Association

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: in

text: were

text: prominent

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: They

text: have

text: emphasised

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: cultural

text: connections

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: Many

text: Bermudians

text: both

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: who

text: lack

text: family

text: connections

text: to

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: have

text: objected

text: to

text: this

text: emphasis

question: What cultural group has dominated the PLP?

answer: West Indians and their descendants.

text: West Indians and their descendants.

question: Who are two prominent members of the PLP?

answer: Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans

text: Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans

question: What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on?

answer: Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies

text: Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies

question: Why are some Bermudians against the emphasis of West Indies cultural connections?

answer: Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies

text: Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies


text: Due to reciprocity (discussed above) the gain of an antenna used for transmitting must be proportional to its effective area when used for receiving. Consider an antenna with no loss, that is, one whose electrical efficiency is 100%. It can be shown that its effective area averaged over all directions must be equal to λ2/4π, the wavelength squared divided by 4π. Gain is defined such that the average gain over all directions for an antenna with 100% electrical efficiency is equal to 1. Therefore, the effective area Aeff in terms of the gain G in a given direction is given by:

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Due

text: to

text: reciprocity

text: discussed

text: above

text: the

text: gain

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: used

text: for

text: transmitting

text: must

text: be

text: proportional

text: to

text: its

text: effective

text: area

text: when

text: used

text: for

text: receiving

text: Consider

text: an

text: antenna

text: with

text: no

text: loss

text: that

text: is

text: one

text: whose

text: electrical

text: efficiency

text: is

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: shown

text: that

text: its

text: effective

text: area

text: averaged

text: over

text: all

text: directions

text: must

text: be

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: wavelength

text: squared

text: divided

text: by

text: Gain

text: is

text: defined

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: average

text: gain

text: over

text: all

text: directions

text: for

text: an

text: antenna

text: with

text: electrical

text: efficiency

text: is

text: equal

text: to

text: Therefore

text: the

text: effective

text: area

text: Aeff

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: gain

text: G

text: in

text: a

text: given

text: direction

text: is

text: given

text: by

question: What must the relationship of an antenna and the receiving area be due to reciprocity?

answer: proportional

text: proportional

question: what could an antenna with complete electrical efficiency be said to have?

answer: no loss

text: no loss

question: Another term for the effective area is?

answer: Aeff

text: Aeff

question: hat could an antenna with complete electrical efficiency be said to have?

answer: 1


text: Starting in 2006, Apple's industrial design shifted to favor aluminum, which was used in the construction of the first MacBook Pro. Glass was added in 2008 with the introduction of the unibody MacBook Pro. These materials are billed as environmentally friendly. The iMac, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini lines currently all use aluminum enclosures, and are now made of a single unibody. Chief designer Jonathan Ive continues to guide products towards a minimalist and simple feel, including eliminating of replaceable batteries in notebooks. Multi-touch gestures from the iPhone's interface have been applied to the Mac line in the form of touch pads on notebooks and the Magic Mouse and Magic Trackpad for desktops.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Starting

text: in

text: Apple

text: 's

text: industrial

text: design

text: shifted

text: to

text: favor

text: aluminum

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: Glass

text: was

text: added

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: unibody

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: These

text: materials

text: are

text: billed

text: as

text: environmentally

text: friendly

text: The

text: iMac

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: and

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: lines

text: currently

text: all

text: use

text: aluminum

text: enclosures

text: and

text: are

text: now

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: unibody

text: Chief

text: designer

text: Jonathan

text: I

text: ve

text: continues

text: to

text: guide

text: products

text: towards

text: a

text: minimalist

text: and

text: simple

text: feel

text: including

text: eliminating

text: of

text: replaceable

text: batteries

text: in

text: notebooks

text: Multi

text: touch

text: gestures

text: from

text: the

text: iPhone

text: 's

text: interface

text: have

text: been

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: Mac

text: line

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: touch

text: pads

text: on

text: notebooks

text: and

text: the

text: Magic

text: Mouse

text: and

text: Magic

text: Trackpad

text: for

text: desktops

question: When did Apple begin to favor aluminum in their design?

answer: 2006

question: Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction?

answer: MacBook Pro

text: MacBook Pro

question: Which material did Apple add with the 2008 unibody MacBrook Pro?

answer: Glass

text: Glass

question: Are aluminum and glass considered to be environmentally friendly or environmentally harmful?

answer: environmentally friendly

text: environmentally friendly

question: What has Chief Designer Jonathan Ive been able to eliminate in Mac notebooks?

answer: replaceable batteries

text: replaceable batteries


text: These motors were originally invented to drive the capstan(s) of magnetic tape drives in the burgeoning computer industry, where minimal time to reach operating speed and minimal stopping distance were critical. Pancake motors are still widely used in high-performance servo-controlled systems, robotic systems, industrial automation and medical devices. Due to the variety of constructions now available, the technology is used in applications from high temperature military to low cost pump and basic servos.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: These

text: motors

text: were

text: originally

text: invented

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: capstan(s

text: of

text: magnetic

text: tape

text: drives

text: in

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: computer

text: industry

text: where

text: minimal

text: time

text: to

text: reach

text: operating

text: speed

text: and

text: minimal

text: stopping

text: distance

text: were

text: critical

text: Pancake

text: motors

text: are

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: high

text: performance

text: servo

text: controlled

text: systems

text: robotic

text: systems

text: industrial

text: automation

text: and

text: medical

text: devices

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: constructions

text: now

text: available

text: the

text: technology

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: applications

text: from

text: high

text: temperature

text: military

text: to

text: low

text: cost

text: pump

text: and

text: basic

text: servos

question: What was the original purpose for pancake motors?

answer: drive the capstan(s) of magnetic tape drives

text: drive the capstan(s) of magnetic tape drives

question: What are advantages of pancake motors?

answer: minimal time to reach operating speed and minimal stopping distance

text: minimal time to reach operating speed and minimal stopping distance

question: For what type of military applications are pancake motors currently used?

answer: high temperature

text: high temperature

question: What type of servo-controlled systems use pancake motors?

answer: high-performance

text: high-performance


text: In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: winter

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: is

text: colder

text: than

text: the

text: coast

text: with

text: temperatures

text: usually

text: averaging

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: lower

text: F

text: C

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: often

text: dropping

text: below

text: the

text: freezing

text: point

text: at

text: night

text: The

text: region

text: averages

text: around

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: snowfall

text: annually

text: in

text: the

text: Charlotte

text: area

text: and

text: slightly

text: more

text: north

text: toward

text: the

text: Virginia

text: border

text: The

text: Piedmont

text: is

text: especially

text: notorious

text: for

text: sleet

text: and

text: freezing

text: rain

text: Freezing

text: rain

text: can

text: be

text: heavy

text: enough

text: to

text: snarl

text: traffic

text: and

text: break

text: down

text: trees

text: and

text: power

text: lines

text: Annual

text: precipitation

text: and

text: humidity

text: are

text: lower

text: in

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: or

text: the

text: coast

text: but

text: even

text: at

text: its

text: lowest

text: the

text: average

text: is

text: in

text: mm

text: per

text: year

question: The Piedmont is colder than the coast in what season?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: What is the average winter daytime temperature in the Piedmont?

answer: upper 40s–lower 50s °F

text: upper 40s–lower 50s °F

question: What do the temperatures often drop to at night in the piedmont region in the winter?

answer: below the freezing point

text: below the freezing point

question: What is the average snowfall per year in Charlotte?

answer: 3–5 in

text: 3–5 in

question: What type of precipitation is the Piedmont known for?

answer: sleet and freezing rain

text: sleet and freezing rain


text: Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating, photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of bioenergy. Third-generation technologies require continued R&D efforts in order to make large contributions on a global scale and include advanced biomass gasification, hot-dry-rock geothermal power, and ocean energy. As of 2012, renewable energy accounts for about half of new nameplate electrical capacity installed and costs are continuing to fall.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: commercialization

text: involves

text: the

text: deployment

text: of

text: three

text: generations

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: dating

text: back

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: First

text: generation

text: technologies

text: which

text: are

text: already

text: mature

text: and

text: economically

text: competitive

text: include

text: biomass

text: hydroelectricity

text: geothermal

text: power

text: and

text: heat

text: Second

text: generation

text: technologies

text: are

text: market

text: ready

text: and

text: are

text: being

text: deployed

text: at

text: the

text: present

text: time

text: they

text: include

text: solar

text: heating

text: photovoltaics

text: wind

text: power

text: solar

text: thermal

text: power

text: stations

text: and

text: modern

text: forms

text: of

text: bioenergy

text: Third

text: generation

text: technologies

text: require

text: continued

text: R&D

text: efforts

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: make

text: large

text: contributions

text: on

text: a

text: global

text: scale

text: and

text: include

text: advanced

text: biomass

text: gasification

text: hot

text: dry

text: rock

text: geothermal

text: power

text: and

text: ocean

text: energy

text: As

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: new

text: nameplate

text: electrical

text: capacity

text: installed

text: and

text: costs

text: are

text: continuing

text: to

text: fall

question: As of 2012, what accounts for about half of new nameplate electrical capacity?

answer: renewable energy

text: renewable energy

question: What involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years?

answer: Renewable energy commercialization

text: Renewable energy commercialization

question: Name one second-generation technology that is market ready.

answer: wind power

text: wind power


text: The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way. It serves primarily as a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: The

text: abomasum

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: and

text: final

text: stomach

text: compartment

text: in

text: ruminants

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: close

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: monogastric

text: stomach

text: e.g.

text: those

text: in

text: humans

text: or

text: pigs

text: and

text: digesta

text: is

text: processed

text: here

text: in

text: much

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: It

text: serves

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: site

text: for

text: acid

text: hydrolysis

text: of

text: microbial

text: and

text: dietary

text: protein

text: preparing

text: these

text: protein

text: sources

text: for

text: further

text: digestion

text: and

text: absorption

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: Digesta

text: is

text: finally

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: where

text: the

text: digestion

text: and

text: absorption

text: of

text: nutrients

text: occurs

text: Microbes

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: reticulo

text: rumen

text: are

text: also

text: digested

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

question: What is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants?

answer: The abomasum

text: The abomasum

question: What is the abomasums close equivalent?

answer: a monogastric stomach

text: a monogastric stomach

question: What does this site serve primarily as?

answer: a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

text: a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

question: What happens to digesta when it moves to the small intestine?

answer: the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs

text: the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs

question: What is also digested in the small intestine?

answer: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine

text: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine


text: The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with ribavirin, it has been shown that genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in the treatment-induced clearance of the virus. This finding, originally reported in Nature, showed that genotype 1 hepatitis C patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene are more possibly to achieve sustained virological response after the treatment than others. Later report from Nature demonstrated that the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: The

text: clearance

text: of

text: the

text: pathogens

text: either

text: treatment

text: induced

text: or

text: spontaneous

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: genetic

text: variants

text: carried

text: by

text: the

text: individual

text: patients

text: For

text: instance

text: for

text: genotype

text: hepatitis

text: C

text: treated

text: with

text: Pegylated

text: interferon

text: or

text: Pegylated

text: interferon

text: brand

text: names

text: Pegasys

text: or

text: PEG

text: Intron

text: combined

text: with

text: ribavirin

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: that

text: genetic

text: polymorphisms

text: near

text: the

text: human

text: gene

text: encoding

text: interferon

text: lambda

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: significant

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: induced

text: clearance

text: of

text: the

text: virus

text: This

text: finding

text: originally

text: reported

text: in

text: Nature

text: showed

text: that

text: genotype

text: hepatitis

text: C

text: patients

text: carrying

text: certain

text: genetic

text: variant

text: alleles

text: near

text: the

text: gene

text: are

text: more

text: possibly

text: to

text: achieve

text: sustained

text: virological

text: response

text: after

text: the

text: treatment

text: than

text: others

text: Later

text: report

text: from

text: Nature

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: the

text: same

text: genetic

text: variants

text: are

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: natural

text: clearance

text: of

text: the

text: genotype

text: hepatitis

text: C

text: virus

question: What can the clearance of pathogens be influenced by in an individual?

answer: genetic variants

text: genetic variants

question: What is the brand name Pegasys for?

answer: Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b

text: Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b

question: What are patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene more likely to achieve?

answer: sustained virological response

text: sustained virological response


text: Red was also a badge of rank. During the Song dynasty (906–1279), officials of the top three ranks wore purple clothes; those of the fourth and fifth wore bright red; those of the sixth and seventh wore green; and the eighth and ninth wore blue. Red was the color worn by the royal guards of honor, and the color of the carriages of the imperial family. When the imperial family traveled, their servants and accompanying officials carried red and purple umbrellas. Of an official who had talent and ambition, it was said "he is so red he becomes purple."

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: badge

text: of

text: rank

text: During

text: the

text: Song

text: dynasty

text: officials

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: ranks

text: wore

text: purple

text: clothes

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: and

text: fifth

text: wore

text: bright

text: red

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: sixth

text: and

text: seventh

text: wore

text: green

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: and

text: ninth

text: wore

text: blue

text: Red

text: was

text: the

text: color

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: royal

text: guards

text: of

text: honor

text: and

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: the

text: carriages

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: When

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: traveled

text: their

text: servants

text: and

text: accompanying

text: officials

text: carried

text: red

text: and

text: purple

text: umbrellas

text: Of

text: an

text: official

text: who

text: had

text: talent

text: and

text: ambition

text: it

text: was

text: said

text: he

text: is

text: so

text: red

text: he

text: becomes

text: purple

question: During what years did the Song dynasty occur?

answer: 906–1279

question: Which number of ranks wore purple clothing in the Song dynasty?

answer: three

text: three

question: What color did sixth rank Song dynasty officials wear?

answer: green

text: green

question: What ranks in the Song dynasty wore blue?

answer: eighth and ninth

text: eighth and ninth


text: The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or breaking. The electrical contacts in a USB connector are protected by an adjacent plastic tongue, and the entire connecting assembly is usually protected by an enclosing metal sheath.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: standard

text: connectors

text: were

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: robust

text: Because

text: USB

text: is

text: hot

text: pluggable

text: the

text: connectors

text: would

text: be

text: used

text: more

text: frequently

text: and

text: perhaps

text: with

text: less

text: care

text: than

text: other

text: connectors

text: Many

text: previous

text: connector

text: designs

text: were

text: fragile

text: specifying

text: embedded

text: component

text: pins

text: or

text: other

text: delicate

text: parts

text: that

text: were

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: bending

text: or

text: breaking

text: The

text: electrical

text: contacts

text: in

text: a

text: USB

text: connector

text: are

text: protected

text: by

text: an

text: adjacent

text: plastic

text: tongue

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: connecting

text: assembly

text: is

text: usually

text: protected

text: by

text: an

text: enclosing

text: metal

text: sheath

question: Standard connectors were designed to be what?

answer: robust

text: robust

question: Why were standard connectors designed to be so robust?

answer: the connectors would be used more frequently

text: the connectors would be used more frequently

question: What as a drawback of previous connectors?

answer: Many previous connector designs were fragile

text: Many previous connector designs were fragile

question: How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected?

answer: by an adjacent plastic tongue

text: by an adjacent plastic tongue

question: How is the entire connecting assembly of a USB connector protected?

answer: by an enclosing metal sheath

text: by an enclosing metal sheath


text: Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: rapidly

text: developing

text: Virginia

text: BioTechnology

text: Research

text: Park

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: as

text: an

text: incubator

text: facility

text: for

text: biotechnology

text: and

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: Located

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: Medical

text: College

text: of

text: Virginia

text: MCV

text: Campus

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Commonwealth

text: University

text: the

text: park

text: currently[when

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: square

text: feet

text: of

text: research

text: laboratory

text: and

text: office

text: space

text: for

text: a

text: diverse

text: tenant

text: mix

text: of

text: companies

text: research

text: institutes

text: government

text: laboratories

text: and

text: non

text: profit

text: organizations

text: The

text: United

text: Network

text: for

text: Organ

text: Sharing

text: which

text: maintains

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: organ

text: transplant

text: waiting

text: list

text: occupies

text: one

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: park

text: Philip

text: Morris

text: USA

text: opened

text: a

text: million

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: facility

text: in

text: the

text: park

text: in

text: Once

text: fully

text: developed

text: park

text: officials

text: expect

text: the

text: site

text: to

text: employ

text: roughly

text: scientists

text: technicians

text: and

text: engineers

question: How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of?

answer: 53,400

question: What does the United Network for Organ Sharing do?

answer: maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list

text: maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list

question: What was the cost of the Philip Morris R&D facility opened at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?

answer: $350 million

text: $350 million

question: When did Philip Morris' R&D facility open?

answer: 2007

question: What Virginia Commonwealth University campus is near Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?

answer: Medical College of Virginia

text: Medical College of Virginia


text: After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-election. Further laws attempted to relieve the burden of debt from plebeians by banning interest on loans. In 337 BC, the first plebeian praetor was elected. During these years, the tribunes and the senators grew increasingly close. The senate realised the need to use plebeian officials to accomplish desired goals. To win over the tribunes, the senators gave the tribunes a great deal of power and the tribunes began to feel obligated to the senate. As the tribunes and the senators grew closer, plebeian senators were often able to secure the tribunate for members of their own families. In time, the tribunate became a stepping stone to higher office.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: After

text: the

text: consulship

text: had

text: been

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: plebeians

text: the

text: plebeians

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: hold

text: both

text: the

text: dictatorship

text: and

text: the

text: censorship

text: Plebiscites

text: of

text: BC

text: placed

text: limits

text: on

text: political

text: offices

text: an

text: individual

text: could

text: hold

text: only

text: one

text: office

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: and

text: ten

text: years

text: must

text: elapse

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: official

text: term

text: and

text: his

text: re

text: election

text: Further

text: laws

text: attempted

text: to

text: relieve

text: the

text: burden

text: of

text: debt

text: from

text: plebeians

text: by

text: banning

text: interest

text: on

text: loans

text: In

text: BC

text: the

text: first

text: plebeian

text: praetor

text: was

text: elected

text: During

text: these

text: years

text: the

text: tribunes

text: and

text: the

text: senators

text: grew

text: increasingly

text: close

text: The

text: senate

text: realised

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: use

text: plebeian

text: officials

text: to

text: accomplish

text: desired

text: goals

text: To

text: win

text: over

text: the

text: tribunes

text: the

text: senators

text: gave

text: the

text: tribunes

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: tribunes

text: began

text: to

text: feel

text: obligated

text: to

text: the

text: senate

text: As

text: the

text: tribunes

text: and

text: the

text: senators

text: grew

text: closer

text: plebeian

text: senators

text: were

text: often

text: able

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: tribunate

text: for

text: members

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: families

text: In

text: time

text: the

text: tribunate

text: became

text: a

text: stepping

text: stone

text: to

text: higher

text: office

question: What year were limits placed upon plebeians that prevented them from holding more than one office concurrently?

answer: 342 BC

text: 342 BC

question: What could no longer be associated with debt after laws were passed preventing it?

answer: interest

text: interest

question: What year saw the election of a plebeian to the office of praetor?

answer: 337 BC

text: 337 BC

question: How did senators attempt to gain the favor of the tribunes?

answer: gave the tribunes a great deal of power

text: gave the tribunes a great deal of power

question: What was considered a pathway to holding a higher office?

answer: the tribunate

text: the tribunate


text: Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Simultaneously

text: with

text: these

text: conflicts

text: bison

text: a

text: keystone

text: species

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: protein

text: source

text: that

text: Native

text: people

text: had

text: survived

text: on

text: for

text: centuries

text: were

text: being

text: destroyed

text: Some

text: estimates

text: say

text: there

text: were

text: over

text: million

text: bison

text: in

text: Montana

text: in

text: In

text: General

text: Philip

text: Sheridan

text: pleaded

text: to

text: a

text: joint

text: session

text: of

text: Congress

text: to

text: authorize

text: the

text: slaughtering

text: of

text: herds

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: deprive

text: the

text: Indians

text: of

text: their

text: source

text: of

text: food

text: By

text: commercial

text: hunting

text: had

text: brought

text: bison

text: to

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: extinction

text: only

text: about

text: bison

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: United

text: States

question: About how many bison were in Montana in 1870?

answer: over 13 million

text: over 13 million

question: In 1884 about how many bison remained?

answer: about 325

text: about 325

question: Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?

answer: General Philip Sheridan

text: General Philip Sheridan

question: What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?

answer: 1875


text: In India, the British retained the Northern Circars, but returned all the French trading ports. The treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt, while only minimal garrisons could be maintained there, thus rendering them worthless as military bases. Combined with the loss of France's ally in Bengal and the defection of Hyderabad to the British as a result of the war, this effectively brought French power in India to an end, making way for British hegemony and eventual control of the subcontinent.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: India

text: the

text: British

text: retained

text: the

text: Northern

text: Circars

text: but

text: returned

text: all

text: the

text: French

text: trading

text: ports

text: The

text: treaty

text: however

text: required

text: that

text: the

text: fortifications

text: of

text: these

text: settlements

text: be

text: destroyed

text: and

text: never

text: rebuilt

text: while

text: only

text: minimal

text: garrisons

text: could

text: be

text: maintained

text: there

text: thus

text: rendering

text: them

text: worthless

text: as

text: military

text: bases

text: Combined

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: ally

text: in

text: Bengal

text: and

text: the

text: defection

text: of

text: Hyderabad

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: this

text: effectively

text: brought

text: French

text: power

text: in

text: India

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: making

text: way

text: for

text: British

text: hegemony

text: and

text: eventual

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

question: What did France retain in India?

answer: returned all the French trading ports

text: returned all the French trading ports

question: How were the French settlements changed to eliminate their military usefulness?

answer: treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt

text: treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt

question: What French ally in the area abandoned the French?

answer: loss of France's ally in Bengal

text: loss of France's ally in Bengal

question: What happened to French power in the area?

answer: this effectively brought French power in India to an end

text: this effectively brought French power in India to an end

question: Who defected to the British?

answer: the defection of Hyderabad to the British

text: the defection of Hyderabad to the British


text: In India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). The Supreme Court is also vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: In

text: India

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: was

text: created

text: on

text: January

text: after

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: law

text: declared

text: by

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: binding

text: on

text: all

text: Courts

text: within

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: has

text: ultimate

text: judicial

text: authority

text: to

text: interpret

text: the

text: Constitution

text: and

text: decide

text: questions

text: of

text: national

text: law

text: including

text: local

text: bylaws

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: also

text: vested

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: judicial

text: review

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

question: On what date was India's Supreme Court established?

answer: January 28, 1950

text: January 28, 1950

question: What article of India's Constitution makes decisions by their Supreme Court binding on lower courts?

answer: Article 141

text: Article 141

question: India's Supreme Court has ultimate power to determine interpretations of what?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: When the Supreme Court ensures that lower courts have properly applied the law it is called what?

answer: judicial review

text: judicial review

question: In addition to national laws, India's Supreme Court may also interpret what regulations?

answer: local bylaws

text: local bylaws


text: In the extreme empiricism of the neopositivists—at least before the 1930s—any genuinely synthetic assertion must be reducible to an ultimate assertion (or set of ultimate assertions) that expresses direct observations or perceptions. In later years, Carnap and Neurath abandoned this sort of phenomenalism in favor of a rational reconstruction of knowledge into the language of an objective spatio-temporal physics. That is, instead of translating sentences about physical objects into sense-data, such sentences were to be translated into so-called protocol sentences, for example, "X at location Y and at time T observes such and such." The central theses of logical positivism (verificationism, the analytic-synthetic distinction, reductionism, etc.) came under sharp attack after World War II by thinkers such as Nelson Goodman, W.V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty. By the late 1960s, it had become evident to most philosophers that the movement had pretty much run its course, though its influence is still significant among contemporary analytic philosophers such as Michael Dummett and other anti-realists.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: the

text: extreme

text: empiricism

text: of

text: the

text: neopositivists

text: at

text: least

text: before

text: the

text: any

text: genuinely

text: synthetic

text: assertion

text: must

text: be

text: reducible

text: to

text: an

text: ultimate

text: assertion

text: or

text: set

text: of

text: ultimate

text: assertions

text: that

text: expresses

text: direct

text: observations

text: or

text: perceptions

text: In

text: later

text: years

text: Carnap

text: and

text: Neurath

text: abandoned

text: this

text: sort

text: of

text: phenomenalism

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: rational

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: knowledge

text: into

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: an

text: objective

text: spatio

text: temporal

text: physics

text: That

text: is

text: instead

text: of

text: translating

text: sentences

text: about

text: physical

text: objects

text: into

text: sense

text: data

text: such

text: sentences

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: translated

text: into

text: so

text: called

text: protocol

text: sentences

text: for

text: example

text: X

text: at

text: location

text: Y

text: and

text: at

text: time

text: T

text: observes

text: such

text: and

text: such

text: The

text: central

text: theses

text: of

text: logical

text: positivism

text: verificationism

text: the

text: analytic

text: synthetic

text: distinction

text: reductionism

text: etc

text: came

text: under

text: sharp

text: attack

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: by

text: thinkers

text: such

text: as

text: Nelson

text: Goodman

text: W.V.

text: Quine

text: Hilary

text: Putnam

text: Karl

text: Popper

text: and

text: Richard

text: Rorty

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: it

text: had

text: become

text: evident

text: to

text: most

text: philosophers

text: that

text: the

text: movement

text: had

text: pretty

text: much

text: run

text: its

text: course

text: though

text: its

text: influence

text: is

text: still

text: significant

text: among

text: contemporary

text: analytic

text: philosophers

text: such

text: as

text: Michael

text: Dummett

text: and

text: other

text: anti

text: realists

question: Who were extreme empiricists?

answer: neopositivists

text: neopositivists

question: Who attacked logical positivism?

answer: Nelson Goodman, W.V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty

text: Nelson Goodman, W.V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty

question: What position does Dummett take?

answer: anti-realists

text: anti-realists

question: Who abandoned phenomenalism?

answer: Carnap and Neurath

text: Carnap and Neurath