text: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: A

text: study

text: of

text: haplotypes

text: of

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: published

text: in

text: addressed

text: the

text: paternal

text: origins

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: Hammer

text: et

text: al

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: and

text: Sephardic

text: Jews

text: contained

text: mutations

text: that

text: are

text: also

text: common

text: among

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: peoples

text: but

text: uncommon

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: population

text: This

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: male

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: could

text: be

text: traced

text: mostly

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: proportion

text: of

text: male

text: genetic

text: admixture

text: in

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: amounts

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: per

text: generation

text: over

text: an

text: estimated

text: generations

text: with

text: relatively

text: minor

text: contribution

text: of

text: European

text: Y

text: chromosomes

text: to

text: the

text: Ashkenazim

text: and

text: a

text: total

text: admixture

text: estimate

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: Motulsky

text: 's

text: average

text: estimate

text: of

text: This

text: supported

text: the

text: finding

text: that

text: Diaspora

text: Jews

text: from

text: Europe

text: Northwest

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: resemble

text: each

text: other

text: more

text: closely

text: than

text: they

text: resemble

text: their

text: non

text: Jewish

text: neighbors

text: Past

text: research

text: found

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: DNA

text: from

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: trace

text: the

text: male

text: lineage

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: Richards

text: said

question: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common with what other people?

answer: Middle Eastern peoples

text: Middle Eastern peoples

question: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people?

answer: uncommon in the general European population

text: uncommon in the general European population

question: The findings related to the Y-chromosomes suggest that males ancestors of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to where?

answer: the Middle East

text: the Middle East


text: In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: In

text: BC

text: Cyrus

text: the

text: Great

text: son

text: of

text: Mandane

text: and

text: Cambyses

text: I

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: Median

text: Empire

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: by

text: unifying

text: other

text: city

text: states

text: The

text: conquest

text: of

text: Media

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Persian

text: Revolt

text: The

text: brouhaha

text: was

text: initially

text: triggered

text: by

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: the

text: Median

text: ruler

text: Astyages

text: and

text: was

text: quickly

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: provinces

text: as

text: they

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Persians

text: Later

text: conquests

text: under

text: Cyrus

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: expanded

text: the

text: empire

text: to

text: include

text: Lydia

text: Babylon

text: Egypt

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: proper

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: lands

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: and

text: Oxus

text: rivers

question: Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification?

answer: Cyrus the Great

text: Cyrus the Great

question: When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire?

answer: 550 BC

text: 550 BC

question: Who triggered the Persian Revolt?

answer: the Median ruler Astyages

text: the Median ruler Astyages

question: What resulted from the Persian Revolt?

answer: The conquest of Media

text: The conquest of Media


text: Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him. However, on April 18, Sanjaya was voted off.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Teenager

text: Sanjaya

text: Malakar

text: was

text: the

text: season

text: 's

text: most

text: talked

text: about

text: contestant

text: for

text: his

text: unusual

text: hairdo

text: and

text: for

text: managing

text: to

text: survive

text: elimination

text: for

text: many

text: weeks

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: the

text: weblog

text: Vote

text: for

text: the

text: Worst

text: and

text: satellite

text: radio

text: personality

text: Howard

text: Stern

text: who

text: both

text: encouraged

text: fans

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: him

text: However

text: on

text: April

text: Sanjaya

text: was

text: voted

text: off

question: Who was the most discussed singer in American Idols sixth season?

answer: Sanjaya Malakar

text: Sanjaya Malakar

question: What celebrity asked his fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?

answer: Howard Stern

text: Howard Stern

question: What is the name of the blog that tried to rally votes for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?

answer: Vote for the Worst

text: Vote for the Worst

question: What date was Sanjaya Malakar eliminated on American Idol?

answer: April 18

text: April 18

question: What season six American Idol contestant was known for his strange hairstyles?

answer: Sanjaya Malakar

text: Sanjaya Malakar

question: Which contestant was talked about more than any other this season?

answer: Sanjaya Malakar

text: Sanjaya Malakar

question: What was the main reason Sanjaya garnered such attention?

answer: hair

text: hair

question: Which weblog helped Sanjaya survive elimination week over and over again?

answer: Vote for the Worst

text: Vote for the Worst

question: Which shock jock urged people to vote for Sanjaya?

answer: Howard Stern

text: Howard Stern

question: When was Sanjaya eliminated?

answer: April 18

text: April 18


text: United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. Under terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U.S. is committed to provide US$57.7 million per year in assistance to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2013, and then US$62.7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U.S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: assistance

text: is

text: the

text: mainstay

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: Under

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Amended

text: Compact

text: of

text: Free

text: Association

text: the

text: U.S.

text: is

text: committed

text: to

text: provide

text: US$

text: million

text: per

text: year

text: in

text: assistance

text: to

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: RMI

text: through

text: and

text: then

text: US$

text: million

text: through

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: a

text: trust

text: fund

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: U.S.

text: and

text: RMI

text: contributions

text: will

text: begin

text: perpetual

text: annual

text: payouts

question: How much money did the Marshall Islands receive yearly from the United States until 2013?

answer: US$57.7 million

text: US$57.7 million

question: How much money will the United States give the Marshal Islands every year until 2023?

answer: US$62.7 million

text: US$62.7 million

question: What document defines how much money is transferred from the United States to the Marshall Islands?

answer: the Amended Compact of Free Association

text: the Amended Compact of Free Association

question: What will be established in 2023?

answer: a trust fund

text: a trust fund


text: Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: ⟨ʰp⟩ represents the preaspirated bilabial stop.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Preaspirated

text: consonants

text: are

text: marked

text: by

text: placing

text: the

text: aspiration

text: modifier

text: letter

text: before

text: the

text: consonant

text: symbol

text: ⟨ʰp⟩

text: represents

text: the

text: preaspirated

text: bilabial

text: stop

question: A preaspirated consonant is marked how?

answer: placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol

text: placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol

question: What represents a preaspirated bilabial stop?

answer: ⟨ʰp⟩

text: ⟨ʰp⟩


text: English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: English

text: Freemasonry

text: spread

text: to

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: as

text: lodges

text: of

text: expatriates

text: and

text: exiled

text: Jacobites

text: and

text: then

text: as

text: distinctively

text: French

text: lodges

text: which

text: still

text: follow

text: the

text: ritual

text: of

text: the

text: Moderns

text: From

text: France

text: and

text: England

text: Freemasonry

text: spread

text: to

text: most

text: of

text: Continental

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Grande

text: Loge

text: de

text: France

text: formed

text: under

text: the

text: Grand

text: Mastership

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Clermont

text: who

text: exercised

text: only

text: nominal

text: authority

text: His

text: successor

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Orléans

text: reconstituted

text: the

text: central

text: body

text: as

text: the

text: Grand

text: Orient

text: de

text: France

text: in

text: Briefly

text: eclipsed

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: French

text: Freemasonry

text: continued

text: to

text: grow

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: century

question: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?

answer: the 1720s

text: the 1720s

question: Who were the first English Freemasons in France?

answer: lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites

text: lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites

question: When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Europe?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century

question: Who formed the Grand Loge de France?

answer: Duke of Clermont

text: Duke of Clermont

question: Who was the successor to the Duke of Clermont?

answer: Duke of Orléans

text: Duke of Orléans

question: When did English Freemasonry spread to France?

answer: the 1720s

text: the 1720s

question: When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe?

answer: the 18th century

text: the 18th century

question: The Grand Loge de France formed under who?

answer: the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont

text: the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont

question: Who was the successor to the Grand Mastership of The Duke of Clermont?

answer: the Duke of Orléans

text: the Duke of Orléans

question: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?

answer: 1773


text: In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth".

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: In

text: May

text: and

text: June

text: the

text: King

text: and

text: Queen

text: toured

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: From

text: Ottawa

text: the

text: royal

text: couple

text: were

text: accompanied

text: throughout

text: by

text: Canadian

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: William

text: Lyon

text: Mackenzie

text: King

text: to

text: present

text: themselves

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: as

text: King

text: and

text: Queen

text: of

text: Canada

text: George

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: of

text: Canada

text: to

text: visit

text: North

text: America

text: although

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: to

text: Canada

text: previously

text: as

text: Prince

text: Albert

text: and

text: as

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: Both

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: Canada

text: Lord

text: Tweedsmuir

text: and

text: Mackenzie

text: King

text: hoped

text: that

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: presence

text: in

text: Canada

text: would

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: Westminster

text: which

text: gave

text: full

text: sovereignty

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Dominions

text: On

text: May

text: George

text: VI

text: personally

text: accepted

text: and

text: approved

text: the

text: Letter

text: of

text: Credence

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: U.S.

text: Ambassador

text: to

text: Canada

text: Daniel

text: Calhoun

text: Roper

text: gave

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: to

text: nine

text: parliamentary

text: bills

text: and

text: ratified

text: two

text: international

text: treaties

text: with

text: the

text: Great

text: Seal

text: of

text: Canada

text: The

text: official

text: royal

text: tour

text: historian

text: Gustave

text: Lanctot

text: wrote

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: Westminster

text: had

text: assumed

text: full

text: reality

text: and

text: George

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: emphasising

text: the

text: free

text: and

text: equal

text: association

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

question: Which two countries did the King and Queen tour in 1939?

answer: Canada and the United States

text: Canada and the United States

question: Who was the prime minister of Canada in 1939?

answer: William Lyon Mackenzie King

text: William Lyon Mackenzie King

question: What title was the king and queen presented with when touring Canada?

answer: King and Queen of Canada

text: King and Queen of Canada

question: What was Roper's position?

answer: U.S. Ambassador to Canada

text: U.S. Ambassador to Canada

question: What did the Statute of Westminster do?

answer: gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions

text: gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions


text: During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth, except Ireland, was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained as king of both countries, but the title Emperor of India was abandoned in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, and India became a republic within the Commonwealth the following year. George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. His elder daughter, Elizabeth, succeeded him.

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: During

text: George

text: 's

text: reign

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: transition

text: into

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: accelerated

text: The

text: parliament

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: Free

text: State

text: removed

text: direct

text: mention

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: constitution

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: his

text: accession

text: From

text: the

text: Empire

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: except

text: Ireland

text: was

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: War

text: with

text: Italy

text: and

text: Japan

text: followed

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: Though

text: Britain

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: were

text: ultimately

text: victorious

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: rose

text: as

text: pre

text: eminent

text: world

text: powers

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: declined

text: After

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: George

text: remained

text: as

text: king

text: of

text: both

text: countries

text: but

text: the

text: title

text: Emperor

text: of

text: India

text: was

text: abandoned

text: in

text: June

text: Ireland

text: formally

text: declared

text: itself

text: a

text: republic

text: and

text: left

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: in

text: and

text: India

text: became

text: a

text: republic

text: within

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: George

text: adopted

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: of

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: He

text: was

text: beset

text: by

text: health

text: problems

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: His

text: elder

text: daughter

text: Elizabeth

text: succeeded

text: him

question: For which country did George VI stop using the title Emperor but continue to use the title of King?

answer: India

text: India

question: In what month and year did George VI discontinue using the title Emperor of India?

answer: June 1948

text: June 1948

question: In 1949 what country solely proclaimed independence from the Commonwealth?

answer: Ireland

text: Ireland

question: What Child of George VI ascended the throne?

answer: Elizabeth

text: Elizabeth

question: What was the name used after the dissolution of the British Empire?

answer: Commonwealth of Nations

text: Commonwealth of Nations

question: What year was Britain and allies victorious in the war?

answer: 1945

question: When did India and Pakistan gain independence?

answer: 1947

question: What title did George have in India prior to 1948?

answer: Emperor of India

text: Emperor of India

question: What did Ireland declare itself in 1950?

answer: republic

text: republic


text: The terms "language" and "dialect" are not necessarily mutually exclusive: There is nothing contradictory in the statement "the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German".

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: The

text: terms

text: language

text: and

text: dialect

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: mutually

text: exclusive

text: There

text: is

text: nothing

text: contradictory

text: in

text: the

text: statement

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Dutch

text: is

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: German

question: The language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of what language?

answer: German

text: German


text: The city has an average elevation of 43 metres (141 ft). Its highest elevations are two hills: the Cerro de Montevideo and the Cerro de la Victoria, with the highest point, the peak of Cerro de Montevideo, crowned by a fortress, the Fortaleza del Cerro at a height of 134 metres (440 ft). Closest cities by road are Las Piedras to the north and the so-called Ciudad de la Costa (a conglomeration of coastal towns) to the east, both in the range of 20 to 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the city center. The approximate distances to the neighbouring department capitals by road are, 90 kilometres (56 mi) to San Jose de Mayo (San Jose Department) and 46 kilometres (29 mi) to Canelones (Canelones Department).

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: Its

text: highest

text: elevations

text: are

text: two

text: hills

text: the

text: Cerro

text: de

text: Montevideo

text: and

text: the

text: Cerro

text: de

text: la

text: Victoria

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: Cerro

text: de

text: Montevideo

text: crowned

text: by

text: a

text: fortress

text: the

text: Fortaleza

text: del

text: Cerro

text: at

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: Closest

text: cities

text: by

text: road

text: are

text: Las

text: Piedras

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Ciudad

text: de

text: la

text: Costa

text: a

text: conglomeration

text: of

text: coastal

text: towns

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: to

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: The

text: approximate

text: distances

text: to

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: department

text: capitals

text: by

text: road

text: are

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: to

text: San

text: Jose

text: de

text: Mayo

text: San

text: Jose

text: Department

text: and

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: to

text: Canelones

text: Canelones

text: Department

question: The city of Montevideo has an average elevation of what?

answer: 43 metres

text: 43 metres

question: How far is to the neighboring capitol of San Jose de Mayo?

answer: 90 kilometres

text: 90 kilometres

question: How far is to the neighboring capitol of Canelones?

answer: 46 kilometres

text: 46 kilometres


text: Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as "just as noble a conception of Deity". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation".

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Natural

text: theology

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: unified

text: doctrine

text: and

text: while

text: some

text: such

text: as

text: Louis

text: Agassiz

text: were

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: ideas

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: others

text: sought

text: a

text: reconciliation

text: in

text: which

text: evolution

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: purposeful

text: In

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: some

text: liberal

text: clergymen

text: interpreted

text: natural

text: selection

text: as

text: an

text: instrument

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: design

text: with

text: the

text: cleric

text: Charles

text: Kingsley

text: seeing

text: it

text: as

text: just

text: as

text: noble

text: a

text: conception

text: of

text: Deity

text: In

text: the

text: second

text: edition

text: of

text: January

text: Darwin

text: quoted

text: Kingsley

text: as

text: a

text: celebrated

text: cleric

text: and

text: added

text: the

text: phrase

text: by

text: the

text: Creator

text: to

text: the

text: closing

text: sentence

text: which

text: from

text: then

text: on

text: read

text: life

text: with

text: its

text: several

text: powers

text: having

text: been

text: originally

text: breathed

text: by

text: the

text: Creator

text: into

text: a

text: few

text: forms

text: or

text: into

text: one

text: While

text: some

text: commentators

text: have

text: taken

text: this

text: as

text: a

text: concession

text: to

text: religion

text: that

text: Darwin

text: later

text: regretted

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: view

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: of

text: God

text: creating

text: life

text: through

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: nature

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: there

text: are

text: several

text: references

text: to

text: creation

question: What view did Louis Agassiz have of On the Origin of Species?

answer: strongly opposed to the ideas in the book

text: strongly opposed to the ideas in the book

question: What view did some clergymen in the Church of England take of the theory of natural selection?

answer: interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design

text: interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design

question: What did Darwin do to show that he admired the cleric Charles Kingsley?

answer: Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence,

text: Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence,

question: What did some commentators think about Darwin changing the phrasing in his book?

answer: some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted

text: some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted

question: What were Darwin's views on the part of God in his theory?

answer: Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature

text: Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature


text: Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri. The caste communities residing in Himachal include the Khatri, Brahmins of the Hindu Faith and the Sikh Brahmin Caste Bhatra, Rajputs, Gujjars, Gaddis, Ghirth (choudhary), Kannets, Rathis and Kolis, Sood There are tribal populations in the state which mainly comprise Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis.The people Of Himachal Pradesh are very simple and live a traditional ´Pahari' lifestyle.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Himachal

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: states

text: that

text: had

text: remained

text: largely

text: untouched

text: by

text: external

text: customs

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: difficult

text: terrain

text: With

text: the

text: technological

text: advancements

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: changed

text: very

text: rapidly

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: multireligional

text: multicultural

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: multilingual

text: state

text: like

text: other

text: Indian

text: states

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: languages

text: includes

text: Hindi

text: Pahari

text: Dogri

text: Mandeali

text: Kangri

text: Mandyali

text: Gojri

text: and

text: Kinnauri

text: The

text: caste

text: communities

text: residing

text: in

text: Himachal

text: include

text: the

text: Khatri

text: Brahmins

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Faith

text: and

text: the

text: Sikh

text: Brahmin

text: Caste

text: Bhatra

text: Rajputs

text: Gujjars

text: Gaddis

text: Ghirth

text: choudhary

text: Kannets

text: Rathis

text: and

text: Kolis

text: Sood

text: There

text: are

text: tribal

text: populations

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: mainly

text: comprise

text: Kinnars

text: Pangawals

text: Sulehria

text: and

text: Lahaulis

text: The

text: people

text: Of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: are

text: very

text: simple

text: and

text: live

text: a

text: traditional

text: Pahari

text: lifestyle

question: Who was largely untouched by external customs?

answer: Himachal

text: Himachal

question: What has made the state change very rapidly?

answer: technological advancements

text: technological advancements

question: What are the common languages spoken?

answer: Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri

text: Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri

question: Who makes up the tribal populations?

answer: Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis

text: Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis

question: Himachal is?

answer: multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states

text: multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states


text: In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy that could not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King Constantine wished Cyprus "a speedy union with the mother country". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: In

text: Turkey

text: tried

text: to

text: invade

text: Cyprus

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: continuing

text: Cypriot

text: intercommunal

text: violence

text: But

text: Turkey

text: was

text: stopped

text: by

text: a

text: strongly

text: worded

text: telegram

text: from

text: the

text: US

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: on

text: June

text: warning

text: that

text: the

text: US

text: would

text: not

text: stand

text: beside

text: Turkey

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: consequential

text: Soviet

text: invasion

text: of

text: Turkish

text: territory

text: Meanwhile

text: by

text: enosis

text: was

text: a

text: Greek

text: policy

text: that

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: abandoned

text: Makarios

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: prime

text: minister

text: Georgios

text: Papandreou

text: agreed

text: that

text: enosis

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: ultimate

text: aim

text: and

text: King

text: Constantine

text: wished

text: Cyprus

text: a

text: speedy

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: mother

text: country

text: Greece

text: dispatched

text: troops

text: to

text: Cyprus

text: to

text: counter

text: a

text: possible

text: Turkish

text: invasion

question: Who tried to invade Cyprus in 1964?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey

question: Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: What policy could not be abandoned in 1964?

answer: enosis

text: enosis

question: How many troops did Greece send to Cyprus?

answer: 10,000


text: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: is

text: an

text: intellectual

text: technological

text: and

text: political

text: center

text: but

text: has

text: lost

text: some

text: important

text: regional

text: institutions

text: including

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: The

text: Boston

text: Globe

text: by

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: and

text: the

text: loss

text: to

text: mergers

text: and

text: acquisitions

text: of

text: local

text: financial

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: FleetBoston

text: Financial

text: which

text: was

text: acquired

text: by

text: Charlotte

text: based

text: Bank

text: of

text: America

text: in

text: Boston

text: based

text: department

text: stores

text: Jordan

text: Marsh

text: and

text: Filene

text: 's

text: have

text: both

text: been

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Cincinnati

text: based

text: Macy

text: 's

text: Boston

text: has

text: experienced

text: gentrification

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: housing

text: prices

text: increasing

text: sharply

text: since

text: the

text: Living

text: expenses

text: have

text: risen

text: and

text: Boston

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: costs

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: a

text: survey

text: of

text: cities

text: Despite

text: cost

text: of

text: living

text: issues

text: Boston

text: ranks

text: high

text: on

text: livability

text: ratings

text: ranking

text: worldwide

text: in

text: quality

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: in

text: a

text: survey

text: of

text: major

text: cities

question: The New York Times bought what famous Boston newspaper?

answer: The Boston Globe

text: The Boston Globe

question: Who bought FleetBoston Financial?

answer: Bank of America

text: Bank of America

question: What year did Bank of America buy FleetBoston Fonancial?

answer: 2004

question: Two Boston department stores merged to form what Cincinnati based department store?

answer: Macy's

text: Macy's

question: What department stores merged to form Macy's?

answer: Jordan Marsh and Filene's

text: Jordan Marsh and Filene's


text: Instruction is the facilitation of another's learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be called teachers, instructors, or professors, depending on the type of institution; and they primarily teach only their specific discipline. Studies from the United States suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most important factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score highly on international tests have multiple policies in place to ensure that the teachers they employ are as effective as possible. With the passing of NCLB in the United States (No Child Left Behind), teachers must be highly qualified. A popular way to gauge teaching performance is to use student evaluations of teachers (SETS), but these evaluations have been criticized for being counterproductive to learning and inaccurate due to student bias.

title: Education

title: Education

text: Instruction

text: is

text: the

text: facilitation

text: of

text: another

text: 's

text: learning

text: Instructors

text: in

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: institutions

text: are

text: often

text: called

text: teachers

text: and

text: they

text: direct

text: the

text: education

text: of

text: students

text: and

text: might

text: draw

text: on

text: many

text: subjects

text: like

text: reading

text: writing

text: mathematics

text: science

text: and

text: history

text: Instructors

text: in

text: post

text: secondary

text: institutions

text: might

text: be

text: called

text: teachers

text: instructors

text: or

text: professors

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: institution

text: and

text: they

text: primarily

text: teach

text: only

text: their

text: specific

text: discipline

text: Studies

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: teachers

text: is

text: the

text: single

text: most

text: important

text: factor

text: affecting

text: student

text: performance

text: and

text: that

text: countries

text: which

text: score

text: highly

text: on

text: international

text: tests

text: have

text: multiple

text: policies

text: in

text: place

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: teachers

text: they

text: employ

text: are

text: as

text: effective

text: as

text: possible

text: With

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: NCLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: No

text: Child

text: Left

text: Behind

text: teachers

text: must

text: be

text: highly

text: qualified

text: A

text: popular

text: way

text: to

text: gauge

text: teaching

text: performance

text: is

text: to

text: use

text: student

text: evaluations

text: of

text: teachers

text: SETS

text: but

text: these

text: evaluations

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: for

text: being

text: counterproductive

text: to

text: learning

text: and

text: inaccurate

text: due

text: to

text: student

text: bias

question: What is another term used for instructors?

answer: teachers

text: teachers

question: What are the main subjects that are covered by the instructor?

answer: reading, writing, mathematics, science and history

text: reading, writing, mathematics, science and history

question: In the United States what is considered the single most important factor in a child's education?

answer: quality of teachers

text: quality of teachers


text: UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: UNFPA

text: provided

text: aid

text: to

text: Peru

text: 's

text: reproductive

text: health

text: program

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: When

text: it

text: was

text: discovered

text: a

text: Peruvian

text: program

text: had

text: been

text: engaged

text: in

text: carrying

text: out

text: coercive

text: sterilizations

text: UNFPA

text: called

text: for

text: reforms

text: and

text: protocols

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: women

text: seeking

text: assistance

text: UNFPA

text: was

text: not

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: scandal

text: but

text: continued

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: country

text: after

text: the

text: abuses

text: had

text: become

text: public

text: to

text: help

text: end

text: the

text: abuses

text: and

text: reform

text: laws

text: and

text: practices

question: During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?

answer: the mid-to-late '90s

text: the mid-to-late '90s

question: Peru was found to have been coercing what?

answer: sterilizations

text: sterilizations

question: UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?

answer: reforms and protocols

text: reforms and protocols

question: UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?

answer: women seeking assistance

text: women seeking assistance

question: After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?

answer: laws and practices

text: laws and practices


text: Ethernet standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds. USB has no such requirement as it was designed for peripherals closely associated with a host computer, and in fact it connects the peripheral and host grounds. This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Ethernet

text: standards

text: require

text: electrical

text: isolation

text: between

text: the

text: networked

text: device

text: computer

text: phone

text: etc

text: and

text: the

text: network

text: cable

text: up

text: to

text: V

text: AC

text: or

text: V

text: DC

text: for

text: seconds

text: USB

text: has

text: no

text: such

text: requirement

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: designed

text: for

text: peripherals

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: host

text: computer

text: and

text: in

text: fact

text: it

text: connects

text: the

text: peripheral

text: and

text: host

text: grounds

text: This

text: gives

text: Ethernet

text: a

text: significant

text: safety

text: advantage

text: over

text: USB

text: with

text: peripherals

text: such

text: as

text: cable

text: and

text: DSL

text: modems

text: connected

text: to

text: external

text: wiring

text: that

text: can

text: assume

text: hazardous

text: voltages

text: under

text: certain

text: fault

text: conditions

question: USB  was designed for peripherals to be what?

answer: closely associated with a host computer

text: closely associated with a host computer

question: USB connects what?

answer: the peripheral and host grounds

text: the peripheral and host grounds

question: Ethernet standards require what?

answer: isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds

text: isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds


text: Paris and its close suburbs is home to numerous newspapers, magazines and publications including Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, Le Nouvel Observateur, Le Canard enchaîné, La Croix, Pariscope, Le Parisien (in Saint-Ouen), Les Échos, Paris Match (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Réseaux & Télécoms, Reuters France, and L'Officiel des Spectacles. France's two most prestigious newspapers, Le Monde and Le Figaro, are the centrepieces of the Parisian publishing industry. Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies. AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835. France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. Another news agency is France Diplomatie, owned and operated by the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, and pertains solely to diplomatic news and occurrences.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: and

text: its

text: close

text: suburbs

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: newspapers

text: magazines

text: and

text: publications

text: including

text: Le

text: Monde

text: Le

text: Figaro

text: Libération

text: Le

text: Nouvel

text: Observateur

text: Le

text: Canard

text: enchaîné

text: La

text: Croix

text: Pariscope

text: Le

text: Parisien

text: in

text: Saint

text: Ouen

text: Les

text: Échos

text: Paris

text: Match

text: Neuilly

text: sur

text: Seine

text: Réseaux

text: Télécoms

text: Reuters

text: France

text: and

text: L'Officiel

text: des

text: Spectacles

text: France

text: 's

text: two

text: most

text: prestigious

text: newspapers

text: Le

text: Monde

text: and

text: Le

text: Figaro

text: are

text: the

text: centrepieces

text: of

text: the

text: Parisian

text: publishing

text: industry

text: Agence

text: France

text: Presse

text: is

text: France

text: 's

text: oldest

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: continually

text: operating

text: news

text: agencies

text: AFP

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: colloquially

text: abbreviated

text: maintains

text: its

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Paris

text: as

text: it

text: has

text: since

text: France

text: is

text: a

text: television

text: news

text: channel

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Paris

text: Another

text: news

text: agency

text: is

text: France

text: Diplomatie

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Foreign

text: and

text: European

text: Affairs

text: and

text: pertains

text: solely

text: to

text: diplomatic

text: news

text: and

text: occurrences

question: What are France's two most prestigious newspapers?

answer: Le Monde and Le Figaro

text: Le Monde and Le Figaro

question: What is France's oldest operating news agency?

answer: Agence

text: Agence

question: When did Agence open in Paris?

answer: 1835

question: What television station is operated by the French government?

answer: France 24

text: France 24


text: In Japan, an institute of technology (工業大学, kōgyō daigaku?) is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: Japan

text: an

text: institute

text: of

text: technology

text: 工業大学

text: kōgyō

text: daigaku

text: is

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: university

text: that

text: specializes

text: in

text: the

text: sciences

text: See

text: also

text: the

text: Imperial

text: College

text: of

text: Engineering

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: forerunner

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Tokyo

text: 's

text: engineering

text: faculty

question: What college was the forerunner for the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo?

answer: Imperial College of Engineering

text: Imperial College of Engineering

question: What area of discipline do Japan's institutes of technology specialize in?

answer: sciences

text: sciences


text: After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital Helsinki, which Finland rejected. The Soviets staged the shelling of Mainila and used it as a pretext to withdraw from the non-aggression pact. The Red Army attacked in November 1939. Simultaneously, Stalin set up a puppet government in the Finnish Democratic Republic.[clarification needed] The leader of the Leningrad Military District Andrei Zhdanov commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, entitled "Suite on Finnish Themes" to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki. After Finnish defenses surprisingly held out for over three months while inflicting stiff losses on Soviet forces, the Soviets settled for an interim peace. Finland ceded southeastern areas of Karelia (10% of Finnish territory), which resulted in approximately 422,000 Karelians (12% of Finland's population) losing their homes. Soviet official casualty counts in the war exceeded 200,000, although Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev later claimed the casualties may have been one million.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: After

text: the

text: Baltic

text: states

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: accept

text: treaties

text: Stalin

text: turned

text: his

text: sights

text: on

text: Finland

text: confident

text: that

text: Finnish

text: capitulation

text: could

text: be

text: attained

text: without

text: great

text: effort

text: The

text: Soviets

text: demanded

text: territories

text: on

text: the

text: Karelian

text: Isthmus

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: and

text: a

text: military

text: base

text: near

text: the

text: Finnish

text: capital

text: Helsinki

text: which

text: Finland

text: rejected

text: The

text: Soviets

text: staged

text: the

text: shelling

text: of

text: Mainila

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: pretext

text: to

text: withdraw

text: from

text: the

text: non

text: aggression

text: pact

text: The

text: Red

text: Army

text: attacked

text: in

text: November

text: Simultaneously

text: Stalin

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: puppet

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: Finnish

text: Democratic

text: Republic.[clarification

text: needed

text: The

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Leningrad

text: Military

text: District

text: Andrei

text: Zhdanov

text: commissioned

text: a

text: celebratory

text: piece

text: from

text: Dmitri

text: Shostakovich

text: entitled

text: Suite

text: on

text: Finnish

text: Themes

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: as

text: the

text: marching

text: bands

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: would

text: be

text: parading

text: through

text: Helsinki

text: After

text: Finnish

text: defenses

text: surprisingly

text: held

text: out

text: for

text: over

text: three

text: months

text: while

text: inflicting

text: stiff

text: losses

text: on

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: the

text: Soviets

text: settled

text: for

text: an

text: interim

text: peace

text: Finland

text: ceded

text: southeastern

text: areas

text: of

text: Karelia

text: of

text: Finnish

text: territory

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: approximately

text: Karelians

text: of

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: losing

text: their

text: homes

text: Soviet

text: official

text: casualty

text: counts

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: exceeded

text: although

text: Soviet

text: Premier

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: later

text: claimed

text: the

text: casualties

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: one

text: million

question: The Soviets took over and setup a fake government in what country?

answer: Finnish Democratic Republic

text: Finnish Democratic Republic

question: How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets?

answer: over three months

text: over three months

question: Although officially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million?

answer: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

text: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

question: How many Finnish people lost their homes?

answer: 422,000


text: Further desertions of John's local allies at the beginning of 1203 steadily reduced John's freedom to manoeuvre in the region. He attempted to convince Pope Innocent III to intervene in the conflict, but Innocent's efforts were unsuccessful. As the situation became worse for John, he appears to have decided to have Arthur killed, with the aim of removing his potential rival and of undermining the rebel movement in Brittany. Arthur had initially been imprisoned at Falaise and was then moved to Rouen. After this, Arthur's fate remains uncertain, but modern historians believe he was murdered by John. The annals of Margam Abbey suggest that "John had captured Arthur and kept him alive in prison for some time in the castle of Rouen ... when John was drunk he slew Arthur with his own hand and tying a heavy stone to the body cast it into the Seine."[nb 7] Rumours of the manner of Arthur's death further reduced support for John across the region. Arthur's sister, Eleanor, who had also been captured at Mirebeau, was kept imprisoned by John for many years, albeit in relatively good conditions.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Further

text: desertions

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: local

text: allies

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: steadily

text: reduced

text: John

text: 's

text: freedom

text: to

text: manoeuvre

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: He

text: attempted

text: to

text: convince

text: Pope

text: Innocent

text: III

text: to

text: intervene

text: in

text: the

text: conflict

text: but

text: Innocent

text: 's

text: efforts

text: were

text: unsuccessful

text: As

text: the

text: situation

text: became

text: worse

text: for

text: John

text: he

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: decided

text: to

text: have

text: Arthur

text: killed

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: removing

text: his

text: potential

text: rival

text: and

text: of

text: undermining

text: the

text: rebel

text: movement

text: in

text: Brittany

text: Arthur

text: had

text: initially

text: been

text: imprisoned

text: at

text: Falaise

text: and

text: was

text: then

text: moved

text: to

text: Rouen

text: After

text: this

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: fate

text: remains

text: uncertain

text: but

text: modern

text: historians

text: believe

text: he

text: was

text: murdered

text: by

text: John

text: The

text: annals

text: of

text: Margam

text: Abbey

text: suggest

text: that

text: John

text: had

text: captured

text: Arthur

text: and

text: kept

text: him

text: alive

text: in

text: prison

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: castle

text: of

text: Rouen

text: when

text: John

text: was

text: drunk

text: he

text: slew

text: Arthur

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: hand

text: and

text: tying

text: a

text: heavy

text: stone

text: to

text: the

text: body

text: cast

text: it

text: into

text: the

text: Seine."[nb

text: Rumours

text: of

text: the

text: manner

text: of

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: death

text: further

text: reduced

text: support

text: for

text: John

text: across

text: the

text: region

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: sister

text: Eleanor

text: who

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: captured

text: at

text: Mirebeau

text: was

text: kept

text: imprisoned

text: by

text: John

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: albeit

text: in

text: relatively

text: good

text: conditions

question: Who did John attempt to convince?

answer: Pope Innocent III

text: Pope Innocent III

question: Where was Arthur imprisoned?

answer: Falaise

text: Falaise

question: Who was kept imprisoned by John for many years?

answer: Eleanor

text: Eleanor


text: Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an interest in a new contemporary architecture aimed at expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents. Postmodernism produced a style that combined contemporary building technology and cheap materials, with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles, from high classical architecture to popular or vernacular regional building styles. Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist "ducks" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms).

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: architectural

text: phenomenology

text: emerged

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: reaction

text: against

text: modernism

text: with

text: architects

text: like

text: Charles

text: Moore

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: Christian

text: Norberg

text: Schulz

text: in

text: Norway

text: and

text: Ernesto

text: Nathan

text: Rogers

text: and

text: Vittorio

text: Gregotti

text: in

text: Italy

text: who

text: collectively

text: popularized

text: an

text: interest

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: contemporary

text: architecture

text: aimed

text: at

text: expanding

text: human

text: experience

text: using

text: historical

text: buildings

text: as

text: models

text: and

text: precedents

text: Postmodernism

text: produced

text: a

text: style

text: that

text: combined

text: contemporary

text: building

text: technology

text: and

text: cheap

text: materials

text: with

text: the

text: aesthetics

text: of

text: older

text: pre

text: modern

text: and

text: non

text: modern

text: styles

text: from

text: high

text: classical

text: architecture

text: to

text: popular

text: or

text: vernacular

text: regional

text: building

text: styles

text: Robert

text: Venturi

text: famously

text: defined

text: postmodern

text: architecture

text: as

text: a

text: decorated

text: shed

text: an

text: ordinary

text: building

text: which

text: is

text: functionally

text: designed

text: inside

text: and

text: embellished

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: and

text: upheld

text: it

text: against

text: modernist

text: and

text: brutalist

text: ducks

text: buildings

text: with

text: unnecessarily

text: expressive

text: tectonic

text: forms

question: When was the start of the  architectural phenomenology movement?

answer: the late 1950s and 1960s

text: the late 1950s and 1960s

question: What was  architectural phenomenology reacting to?

answer: modernism

text: modernism

question: What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand?

answer: human experience

text: human experience

question: Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"?

answer: Robert Venturi

text: Robert Venturi

question: What term did Venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings?

answer: "ducks"

text: "ducks"


text: New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: New

text: Delhi

text: lies

text: on

text: several

text: fault

text: lines

text: and

text: thus

text: experiences

text: frequent

text: earthquakes

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: of

text: mild

text: intensity

text: There

text: has

text: however

text: been

text: a

text: spike

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: earthquakes

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: six

text: years

text: most

text: notable

text: being

text: a

text: magnitude

text: earthquake

text: in

text: with

text: its

text: epicentre

text: in

text: Nepal

text: a

text: earthquake

text: on

text: November

text: a

text: earthquake

text: on

text: September

text: a

text: earthquake

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: a

text: swarm

text: of

text: twelve

text: earthquakes

text: including

text: four

text: of

text: magnitudes

text: and

text: on

text: November

question: What was the magnitude of the notable 2015 earthquake that shook New Delhi?

answer: 5.4 magnitude

text: 5.4 magnitude

question: A 4.7 magnitude earthquake that affected New Delhi occurred on what date?

answer: 25 November 2007

text: 25 November 2007

question: What was the magnitude of the earthquake that affected New Delhi on September 2011?

answer: 4.2-magnitude

question: How many earthquakes occurred on March 5, 2012?

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: What is the geographical feature New Delhi lies on that is responsible for frequent earthquakes?

answer: fault lines

text: fault lines


text: At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this meeting was to define Christian orthodoxy and clearly differentiate it from Christian heresies. The meeting reached consensus on the Nicene Creed and other statements. Later, Philostorgius criticized Christians who offered sacrifice at statues of the divus Constantine. Constantine nevertheless took great pains to assuage traditionalist and Christian anxieties.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: there

text: were

text: many

text: varying

text: opinions

text: about

text: Christian

text: doctrine

text: and

text: no

text: centralized

text: way

text: of

text: enforcing

text: orthodoxy

text: Constantine

text: called

text: all

text: the

text: Christian

text: bishops

text: throughout

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: a

text: meeting

text: and

text: some

text: bishops

text: very

text: few

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: Empire

text: attended

text: the

text: First

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: this

text: meeting

text: was

text: to

text: define

text: Christian

text: orthodoxy

text: and

text: clearly

text: differentiate

text: it

text: from

text: Christian

text: heresies

text: The

text: meeting

text: reached

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: Nicene

text: Creed

text: and

text: other

text: statements

text: Later

text: Philostorgius

text: criticized

text: Christians

text: who

text: offered

text: sacrifice

text: at

text: statues

text: of

text: the

text: divus

text: Constantine

text: Constantine

text: nevertheless

text: took

text: great

text: pains

text: to

text: assuage

text: traditionalist

text: and

text: Christian

text: anxieties

question: What group did Constantine call to a meeting?

answer: First Council of Nicaea

text: First Council of Nicaea

question: From where were the bishops in attendance at the Council few in number?

answer: Western Empire

text: Western Empire

question: How many bishops attended the First Council?

answer: 318

question: What agreement was reached a the Council of Nicaea ?

answer: Nicene Creed

text: Nicene Creed

question: What was the Council of Nicaea meant to define?

answer: Christian orthodoxy

text: Christian orthodoxy


text: In species which show a distinct difference between heartwood and sapwood the natural color of heartwood is usually darker than that of the sapwood, and very frequently the contrast is conspicuous (see section of yew log above). This is produced by deposits in the heartwood of chemical substances, so that a dramatic color difference does not mean a dramatic difference in the mechanical properties of heartwood and sapwood, although there may be a dramatic chemical difference.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: species

text: which

text: show

text: a

text: distinct

text: difference

text: between

text: heartwood

text: and

text: sapwood

text: the

text: natural

text: color

text: of

text: heartwood

text: is

text: usually

text: darker

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: sapwood

text: and

text: very

text: frequently

text: the

text: contrast

text: is

text: conspicuous

text: see

text: section

text: of

text: yew

text: log

text: above

text: This

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: deposits

text: in

text: the

text: heartwood

text: of

text: chemical

text: substances

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: dramatic

text: color

text: difference

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: a

text: dramatic

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: of

text: heartwood

text: and

text: sapwood

text: although

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: dramatic

text: chemical

text: difference

question: When trees have a visible difference in color between sapwood and heartwood, which is darker?

answer: heartwood

text: heartwood

question: What is deposited naturally in heartwood that changes its color?

answer: chemical substances

text: chemical substances

question: Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous?

answer: conspicuous

text: conspicuous

question: What type of properties of heartwood and sapwood is often the same even if their colors are very different?

answer: mechanical

text: mechanical

question: Although heartwood and sapwood might be similar mechanically, if their colors are very different, what other type of difference would they have?

answer: chemical

text: chemical


text: The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed]

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: The

text: Olympic

text: Flame

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: remain

text: lit

text: for

text: the

text: whole

text: relay

text: When

text: the

text: Torch

text: is

text: extinguished

text: at

text: night

text: on

text: airplanes

text: in

text: bad

text: weather

text: or

text: during

text: protests

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: several

text: occasions

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Flame

text: is

text: kept

text: alight

text: in

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: lanterns.[citation

text: needed

question: In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?

answer: lanterns.

text: lanterns.

question: The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?

answer: during protests

text: during protests


text: In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming "Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring." The line was developed over the following four years – with multiple pieces teased by West himself – before the line was ultimately cancelled in 2009. In 2009, West collaborated with Nike to release his own shoe, the Air Yeezys, with a second version released in 2012. In January 2009, West introduced his first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week. The line was released in summer 2009. West has additionally designed shoewear for Bape and Italian shoemaker Giuseppe Zanotti.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: In

text: September

text: West

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: release

text: his

text: Pastelle

text: Clothing

text: line

text: in

text: spring

text: claiming

text: Now

text: that

text: I

text: have

text: a

text: Grammy

text: under

text: my

text: belt

text: and

text: Late

text: Registration

text: is

text: finished

text: I

text: am

text: ready

text: to

text: launch

text: my

text: clothing

text: line

text: next

text: spring

text: The

text: line

text: was

text: developed

text: over

text: the

text: following

text: four

text: years

text: with

text: multiple

text: pieces

text: teased

text: by

text: West

text: himself

text: before

text: the

text: line

text: was

text: ultimately

text: cancelled

text: in

text: In

text: West

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Nike

text: to

text: release

text: his

text: own

text: shoe

text: the

text: Air

text: Yeezys

text: with

text: a

text: second

text: version

text: released

text: in

text: In

text: January

text: West

text: introduced

text: his

text: first

text: shoe

text: line

text: designed

text: for

text: Louis

text: Vuitton

text: during

text: Paris

text: Fashion

text: Week

text: The

text: line

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: summer

text: West

text: has

text: additionally

text: designed

text: shoewear

text: for

text: Bape

text: and

text: Italian

text: shoemaker

text: Giuseppe

text: Zanotti

question: What did Kanye announce he would release after acquiring a Grammy in 2005?

answer: clothing line

text: clothing line

question: What finally become of Kanye's clothing line in 2009?

answer: cancelled

text: cancelled

question: When did Kanye West annouce his Pastelle Clothing line?

answer: September 2005

text: September 2005

question: What year was Kanye's Pastelle Clothing Line scrapped?

answer: 2009

question: What company worked with Kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line?

answer: Nike

text: Nike

question: For what brand did Kanye design a shoe meant for Paris Fashion Week?

answer: Louis Vuitton

text: Louis Vuitton


text: In modern Iran, he is considered a national icon, and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived. A monument was erected outside the Bukhara museum[year needed]. The Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum in Hamadan was built in 1952. Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan (Iran), Avicenna Research Institute in Tehran (Iran), the ibn Sīnā Tajik State Medical University in Dushanbe, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences at Aligarh, India, Avicenna School in Karachi and Avicenna Medical College in Lahore, Pakistan Ibne Sina Balkh Medical School in his native province of Balkh in Afghanistan, Ibni Sina Faculty Of Medicine of Ankara University Ankara, Turkey and Ibn Sina Integrated School in Marawi City (Philippines) are all named in his honour. His portrait hangs in the Hall of the Avicenna Faculty of Medicine in the University of Paris. There is also a crater on the Moon named Avicenna and a plant genus Avicennia.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: In

text: modern

text: Iran

text: he

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: national

text: icon

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: Persians

text: to

text: have

text: ever

text: lived

text: A

text: monument

text: was

text: erected

text: outside

text: the

text: Bukhara

text: museum[year

text: needed

text: The

text: Avicenna

text: Mausoleum

text: and

text: Museum

text: in

text: Hamadan

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: Bu

text: Ali

text: Sina

text: University

text: in

text: Hamadan

text: Iran

text: Avicenna

text: Research

text: Institute

text: in

text: Tehran

text: Iran

text: the

text: ibn

text: Sīnā

text: Tajik

text: State

text: Medical

text: University

text: in

text: Dushanbe

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: Academy

text: of

text: Medieval

text: Medicine

text: and

text: Sciences

text: at

text: Aligarh

text: India

text: Avicenna

text: School

text: in

text: Karachi

text: and

text: Avicenna

text: Medical

text: College

text: in

text: Lahore

text: Pakistan

text: Ibne

text: Sina

text: Balkh

text: Medical

text: School

text: in

text: his

text: native

text: province

text: of

text: Balkh

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: Ibni

text: Sina

text: Faculty

text: Of

text: Medicine

text: of

text: Ankara

text: University

text: Ankara

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: Integrated

text: School

text: in

text: Marawi

text: City

text: Philippines

text: are

text: all

text: named

text: in

text: his

text: honour

text: His

text: portrait

text: hangs

text: in

text: the

text: Hall

text: of

text: the

text: Avicenna

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Medicine

text: in

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: crater

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: named

text: Avicenna

text: and

text: a

text: plant

text: genus

text: Avicennia

question: In what modern country is Avicenna considered an icon?

answer: Iran

text: Iran

question: Where is a monument located that honors Avicenna?

answer: the Bukhara museum

text: the Bukhara museum

question: In what European school does Avicenna's portrait hang in their hall of medicine?

answer: the University of Paris

text: the University of Paris

question: Where is the Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum located?

answer: Hamadan

text: Hamadan

question: What plant genus is named after Avicenna?

answer: Avicennia

text: Avicennia


text: The majority of Paris' salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs, concentrated in the north-western 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. Paris' financial service companies are concentrated in the central-western 8th and 9th arrondissement banking and insurance district. Paris' department store district in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements employ 10 percent of mostly female Paris workers, with 100,000 of these registered in the retail trade. Fourteen percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants and other services to individuals. Nineteen percent of Paris employees work for the State in either in administration or education. The majority of Paris' healthcare and social workers work at the hospitals and social housing concentrated in the peripheral 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th and 20th arrondissements. Outside Paris, the western Hauts-de-Seine department La Défense district specialising in finance, insurance and scientific research district, employs 144,600, and the north-eastern Seine-Saint-Denis audiovisual sector has 200 media firms and 10 major film studios.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: Paris

text: salaried

text: employees

text: fill

text: businesses

text: services

text: jobs

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: and

text: arrondissements

text: Paris

text: financial

text: service

text: companies

text: are

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: and

text: arrondissement

text: banking

text: and

text: insurance

text: district

text: Paris

text: department

text: store

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: arrondissements

text: employ

text: percent

text: of

text: mostly

text: female

text: Paris

text: workers

text: with

text: of

text: these

text: registered

text: in

text: the

text: retail

text: trade

text: Fourteen

text: percent

text: of

text: Parisians

text: work

text: in

text: hotels

text: and

text: restaurants

text: and

text: other

text: services

text: to

text: individuals

text: Nineteen

text: percent

text: of

text: Paris

text: employees

text: work

text: for

text: the

text: State

text: in

text: either

text: in

text: administration

text: or

text: education

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: Paris

text: healthcare

text: and

text: social

text: workers

text: work

text: at

text: the

text: hospitals

text: and

text: social

text: housing

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: peripheral

text: and

text: arrondissements

text: Outside

text: Paris

text: the

text: western

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: department

text: La

text: Défense

text: district

text: specialising

text: in

text: finance

text: insurance

text: and

text: scientific

text: research

text: district

text: employs

text: and

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: Seine

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: audiovisual

text: sector

text: has

text: media

text: firms

text: and

text: major

text: film

text: studios

question: In what districts are the majority of businesses service jobs located?

answer: 8th, 16th and 17th

text: 8th, 16th and 17th

question: Where are Paris' financial service companies majorly located?

answer: 8th and 9th arrondissement

text: 8th and 9th arrondissement

question: What industry is located in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements?

answer: department store

text: department store

question: What percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants?

answer: Fourteen

text: Fourteen

question: How many peole work in the La Defense district?

answer: 144,600


text: Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not "run" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize that the alum they added liberally to cure almost every problem encountered in making their product would eventually be detrimental. The cellulose fibres that make up paper are hydrolyzed by acid, and the presence of alum would eventually degrade the fibres until the paper disintegrated in a process that has come to be known as "slow fire". Documents written on rag paper were significantly more stable. The use of non-acidic additives to make paper is becoming more prevalent, and the stability of these papers is less of an issue.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: paper

text: made

text: from

text: wood

text: pulp

text: contained

text: significant

text: amounts

text: of

text: alum

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: aluminium

text: sulfate

text: salts

text: that

text: is

text: significantly

text: acidic

text: Alum

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: paper

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: sizing

text: making

text: it

text: somewhat

text: water

text: resistant

text: so

text: that

text: inks

text: did

text: not

text: run

text: or

text: spread

text: uncontrollably

text: Early

text: papermakers

text: did

text: not

text: realize

text: that

text: the

text: alum

text: they

text: added

text: liberally

text: to

text: cure

text: almost

text: every

text: problem

text: encountered

text: in

text: making

text: their

text: product

text: would

text: eventually

text: be

text: detrimental

text: The

text: cellulose

text: fibres

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: paper

text: are

text: hydrolyzed

text: by

text: acid

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: alum

text: would

text: eventually

text: degrade

text: the

text: fibres

text: until

text: the

text: paper

text: disintegrated

text: in

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: slow

text: fire

text: Documents

text: written

text: on

text: rag

text: paper

text: were

text: significantly

text: more

text: stable

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: non

text: acidic

text: additives

text: to

text: make

text: paper

text: is

text: becoming

text: more

text: prevalent

text: and

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: these

text: papers

text: is

text: less

text: of

text: an

text: issue

question: What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced?

answer: Alum

text: Alum

question: Early papermakers added alum to help in what process?

answer: sizing

text: sizing

question: How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum?

answer: more stable

text: more stable


text: In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker. At the following year's Game Developers Conference, director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working title The Wind Waker 2; it was set to use a similar graphical style to that of its predecessor. Nintendo of America told Aonuma that North American sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish because its cartoon appearance created the impression that the game was designed for a young audience. Concerned that the sequel would have the same problem, Aonuma expressed to producer Shigeru Miyamoto that he wanted to create a realistic Zelda game that would appeal to the North American market. Miyamoto, hesitant about solely changing the game's presentation, suggested the team's focus should instead be on coming up with gameplay innovations. He advised that Aonuma should start by doing what could not be done in Ocarina of Time, particularly horseback combat.[l]

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: In

text: Nintendo

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: new

text: The

text: Legend

text: of

text: Zelda

text: game

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: works

text: for

text: the

text: GameCube

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: team

text: that

text: had

text: created

text: the

text: cel

text: shaded

text: The

text: Wind

text: Waker

text: At

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: 's

text: Game

text: Developers

text: Conference

text: director

text: Eiji

text: Aonuma

text: unintentionally

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: sequel

text: was

text: in

text: development

text: under

text: the

text: working

text: title

text: The

text: Wind

text: Waker

text: it

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: similar

text: graphical

text: style

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: its

text: predecessor

text: Nintendo

text: of

text: America

text: told

text: Aonuma

text: that

text: North

text: American

text: sales

text: of

text: The

text: Wind

text: Waker

text: were

text: sluggish

text: because

text: its

text: cartoon

text: appearance

text: created

text: the

text: impression

text: that

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: designed

text: for

text: a

text: young

text: audience

text: Concerned

text: that

text: the

text: sequel

text: would

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: problem

text: Aonuma

text: expressed

text: to

text: producer

text: Shigeru

text: Miyamoto

text: that

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: realistic

text: Zelda

text: game

text: that

text: would

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: market

text: Miyamoto

text: hesitant

text: about

text: solely

text: changing

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: presentation

text: suggested

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: focus

text: should

text: instead

text: be

text: on

text: coming

text: up

text: with

text: gameplay

text: innovations

text: He

text: advised

text: that

text: Aonuma

text: should

text: start

text: by

text: doing

text: what

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: done

text: in

text: Ocarina

text: of

text: Time

text: particularly

text: horseback

text: combat.[l

question: In what year did Nintendo reveal the start of development on what would become Twilight Princess?

answer: 2003

question: At what event was a potential follow-up to The Wind Waker mentioned?

answer: Game Developers Conference

text: Game Developers Conference

question: What region of the world did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Zelda game for?

answer: North American

text: North American

question: What was one feature that could not be implemented in Ocarina of Time?

answer: horseback combat

text: horseback combat

question: What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube?

answer: 2003

question: Who was the director that unintentionally announced a Zelda game was in the works?

answer: Eiji Aonuma

text: Eiji Aonuma

question: What was the specific area of gameplay that had not been done in Ocarina of Time?

answer: horseback combat

text: horseback combat


text: The Abbot of Monte Cassino, Desiderius sent envoys to Constantinople some time after 1066 to hire expert Byzantine mosaicists for the decoration of the rebuilt abbey church. According to chronicler Leo of Ostia the Greek artists decorated the apse, the arch and the vestibule of the basilica. Their work was admired by contemporaries but was totally destroyed in later centuries except two fragments depicting greyhounds (now in the Monte Cassino Museum). "The abbot in his wisdom decided that great number of young monks in the monastery should be thoroughly initiated in these arts" – says the chronicler about the role of the Greeks in the revival of mosaic art in medieval Italy.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Abbot

text: of

text: Monte

text: Cassino

text: Desiderius

text: sent

text: envoys

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: to

text: hire

text: expert

text: Byzantine

text: mosaicists

text: for

text: the

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: rebuilt

text: abbey

text: church

text: According

text: to

text: chronicler

text: Leo

text: of

text: Ostia

text: the

text: Greek

text: artists

text: decorated

text: the

text: apse

text: the

text: arch

text: and

text: the

text: vestibule

text: of

text: the

text: basilica

text: Their

text: work

text: was

text: admired

text: by

text: contemporaries

text: but

text: was

text: totally

text: destroyed

text: in

text: later

text: centuries

text: except

text: two

text: fragments

text: depicting

text: greyhounds

text: now

text: in

text: the

text: Monte

text: Cassino

text: Museum

text: The

text: abbot

text: in

text: his

text: wisdom

text: decided

text: that

text: great

text: number

text: of

text: young

text: monks

text: in

text: the

text: monastery

text: should

text: be

text: thoroughly

text: initiated

text: in

text: these

text: arts

text: says

text: the

text: chronicler

text: about

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: in

text: the

text: revival

text: of

text: mosaic

text: art

text: in

text: medieval

text: Italy

question: Who hired Byzantine experts to decorate a rebuilt abbey church?

answer: The Abbot of Monte Cassino

text: The Abbot of Monte Cassino

question: After what time did the Abbot of Monte Cassino send for Byzantine mosaicists?

answer: 1066

question: What animal was on the only surviving mosaics created by the greeks at the rebuilt abbey?

answer: greyhounds

text: greyhounds

question: Where are the only remaining greek mosaic panels now kept?

answer: in the Monte Cassino Museum

text: in the Monte Cassino Museum


text: A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: A

text: developed

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: advanced

text: high

text: income

text: economy

text: and

text: high

text: living

text: standards

text: Estonia

text: ranks

text: very

text: high

text: in

text: the

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: and

text: performs

text: favourably

text: in

text: measurements

text: of

text: economic

text: freedom

text: civil

text: liberties

text: education

text: and

text: press

text: freedom

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: Estonia

text: has

text: been

text: among

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: economies

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: and

text: the

text: Nordic

text: Investment

text: Bank

text: Estonia

text: is

text: often

text: described

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: internet

text: focused

text: countries

text: in

text: Europe

question: What features describe Estonia as a developed nation?

answer: high-income economy and high living standards

text: high-income economy and high living standards

question: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in?

answer: the Human Development Index

text: the Human Development Index

question: What country performs well in evaluation of economic freedom, civil liberties, and education?

answer: Estonia

text: Estonia

question: What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?

answer: 2012

question: What financial institution is associated with Estonia?

answer: the Nordic Investment Bank

text: the Nordic Investment Bank


text: There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: There

text: were

text: numerous

text: previous

text: attempts

text: to

text: obtain

text: general

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: budget

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: it

text: was

text: revealed

text: that

text: CIA

text: 's

text: annual

text: budget

text: in

text: Fiscal

text: Year

text: was

text: US

text: million

text: inflation

text: adjusted

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: overall

text: intelligence

text: budget

text: in

text: FY

text: was

text: US

text: billion

text: inflation

text: adjusted

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: accidental

text: disclosures

text: for

text: instance

text: Mary

text: Margaret

text: Graham

text: a

text: former

text: CIA

text: official

text: and

text: deputy

text: director

text: of

text: national

text: intelligence

text: for

text: collection

text: in

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: annual

text: intelligence

text: budget

text: was

text: billion

text: and

text: in

text: Congress

text: accidentally

text: published

text: a

text: budget

text: of

text: billion

text: in

text: dollars

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: non

text: military

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: Program

text: including

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: CIA

text: After

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Plan

text: was

text: approved

text: appropriating

text: billion

text: over

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: those

text: funds

text: or

text: million

text: were

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: CIA

question: What was the first year the CIA's budget was disclosed?

answer: 1963

question: Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005?

answer: Mary Margaret Graham

text: Mary Margaret Graham

question: What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: What plan appropriated $13.7 billion over five years?

answer: the Marshall Plan

text: the Marshall Plan

question: What percent of the $13.7 billion did the CIA receive?

answer: 5%