text: After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels. The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Jewish Holocaust survivors and refugees sought a new life far from their destroyed communities in Europe. The Yishuv attempted to bring these refugees to Palestine but many were turned away or rounded up and placed in detention camps in Atlit and Cyprus by the British. Escalating violence culminated with the 1946 King David Hotel bombing which Bruce Hoffman characterized as one of the "most lethal terrorist incidents of the twentieth century". In 1947, the British government announced it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine, stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Britain

text: found

text: itself

text: in

text: intense

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Jewish

text: community

text: over

text: Jewish

text: immigration

text: limits

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: continued

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Arab

text: community

text: over

text: limit

text: levels

text: The

text: Haganah

text: joined

text: Irgun

text: and

text: Lehi

text: in

text: an

text: armed

text: struggle

text: against

text: British

text: rule

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: and

text: refugees

text: sought

text: a

text: new

text: life

text: far

text: from

text: their

text: destroyed

text: communities

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Yishuv

text: attempted

text: to

text: bring

text: these

text: refugees

text: to

text: Palestine

text: but

text: many

text: were

text: turned

text: away

text: or

text: rounded

text: up

text: and

text: placed

text: in

text: detention

text: camps

text: in

text: Atlit

text: and

text: Cyprus

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Escalating

text: violence

text: culminated

text: with

text: the

text: King

text: David

text: Hotel

text: bombing

text: which

text: Bruce

text: Hoffman

text: characterized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: lethal

text: terrorist

text: incidents

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: announced

text: it

text: would

text: withdraw

text: from

text: Mandatory

text: Palestine

text: stating

text: it

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: arrive

text: at

text: a

text: solution

text: acceptable

text: to

text: both

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Jews

question: What country experienced conflict with the Jewish community after World War II?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: When was the King David Hotel bombing?

answer: 1946

question: When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?

answer: 1947


text: The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of "defence diplomacy". As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate intensively in military matters. The UK is establishing air and naval bases in the Persian Gulf, located in the UAE and Bahrain. A presence in Oman is also being considered.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: MoD

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: leader

text: in

text: elaborating

text: the

text: post

text: Cold

text: War

text: organising

text: concept

text: of

text: defence

text: diplomacy

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Strategic

text: Defence

text: and

text: Security

text: Review

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: David

text: Cameron

text: signed

text: a

text: treaty

text: with

text: French

text: President

text: Nicolas

text: Sarkozy

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: co

text: operate

text: intensively

text: in

text: military

text: matters

text: The

text: UK

text: is

text: establishing

text: air

text: and

text: naval

text: bases

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: UAE

text: and

text: Bahrain

text: A

text: presence

text: in

text: Oman

text: is

text: also

text: being

text: considered

question: In what concept is the MoD considered a leader?

answer: defence diplomacy

text: defence diplomacy

question: Who was the PM of Britain in 2010?

answer: David Cameron

text: David Cameron

question: Who was the president of France in 2010?

answer: Nicolas Sarkozy

text: Nicolas Sarkozy

question: In which two countries is the UK installing military bases?

answer: UAE and Bahrain

text: UAE and Bahrain

question: In which other country is the UK thinking about installing a military base?

answer: Oman

text: Oman


text: Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: displayed

text: an

text: intellectual

text: and

text: academic

text: bent

text: from

text: a

text: very

text: young

text: age

text: He

text: read

text: fluently

text: and

text: frequently

text: before

text: going

text: to

text: school

text: At

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: suggestion

text: Hayek

text: as

text: a

text: teenager

text: read

text: the

text: genetic

text: and

text: evolutionary

text: works

text: of

text: Hugo

text: de

text: Vries

text: and

text: the

text: philosophical

text: works

text: of

text: Ludwig

text: Feuerbach

text: In

text: school

text: Hayek

text: was

text: much

text: taken

text: by

text: one

text: instructor

text: 's

text: lectures

text: on

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: ethics

text: In

text: his

text: unpublished

text: autobiographical

text: notes

text: Hayek

text: recalled

text: a

text: division

text: between

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: younger

text: brothers

text: who

text: were

text: only

text: few

text: years

text: younger

text: than

text: him

text: but

text: he

text: believed

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: somehow

text: of

text: a

text: different

text: generation

text: He

text: preferred

text: to

text: associate

text: with

text: adults

question: What did Hayek conclude regarding his brothers?

answer: they were somehow of a different generation

text: they were somehow of a different generation

question: With whom did Hayek more frequently converse?

answer: adults

text: adults

question: Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills?

answer: read fluently and frequently

text: read fluently and frequently

question: Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works?

answer: his father

text: his father

question: Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle


text: In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime republics such as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa expanded their trade throughout the Mediterranean.[V] Great trading fairs were established and flourished in northern France during the period, allowing Italian and German merchants to trade with each other as well as local merchants. In the late 13th century new land and sea routes to the Far East were pioneered, famously described in The Travels of Marco Polo written by one of the traders, Marco Polo (d. 1324). Besides new trading opportunities, agricultural and technological improvements enabled an increase in crop yields, which in turn allowed the trade networks to expand. Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared among merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also appeared, allowing easy transmission of money.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: Italy

text: and

text: in

text: Flanders

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: towns

text: that

text: were

text: to

text: a

text: degree

text: self

text: governing

text: stimulated

text: economic

text: growth

text: and

text: created

text: an

text: environment

text: for

text: new

text: types

text: of

text: trade

text: associations

text: Commercial

text: cities

text: on

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: entered

text: into

text: agreements

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: Maritime

text: republics

text: such

text: as

text: Venice

text: Genoa

text: and

text: Pisa

text: expanded

text: their

text: trade

text: throughout

text: the

text: Mediterranean.[V

text: Great

text: trading

text: fairs

text: were

text: established

text: and

text: flourished

text: in

text: northern

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: allowing

text: Italian

text: and

text: German

text: merchants

text: to

text: trade

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: local

text: merchants

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: new

text: land

text: and

text: sea

text: routes

text: to

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: were

text: pioneered

text: famously

text: described

text: in

text: The

text: Travels

text: of

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: written

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: traders

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: d.

text: Besides

text: new

text: trading

text: opportunities

text: agricultural

text: and

text: technological

text: improvements

text: enabled

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: crop

text: yields

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: allowed

text: the

text: trade

text: networks

text: to

text: expand

text: Rising

text: trade

text: brought

text: new

text: methods

text: of

text: dealing

text: with

text: money

text: and

text: gold

text: coinage

text: was

text: again

text: minted

text: in

text: Europe

text: first

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: New

text: forms

text: of

text: commercial

text: contracts

text: emerged

text: allowing

text: risk

text: to

text: be

text: shared

text: among

text: merchants

text: Accounting

text: methods

text: improved

text: partly

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: double

text: entry

text: bookkeeping

text: letters

text: of

text: credit

text: also

text: appeared

text: allowing

text: easy

text: transmission

text: of

text: money

question: What sea were the Hanseatic cities located on?

answer: Baltic

text: Baltic

question: Along with Venice and Pisa, what was a notable Italian maritime republic?

answer: Genoa

text: Genoa

question: Who wrote The Travels of Marco Polo?

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

question: What accounting method was utilized in this period?

answer: double-entry bookkeeping

text: double-entry bookkeeping

question: In what region was gold coinage first reintroduced?

answer: Italy

text: Italy


text: Stressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss later on. The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus are destroyed due to glucocorticoids decreasing the release of glucose and the reuptake of glutamate. This high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors which in return kills neurons. Stressful life experiences can also cause repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind. This directly relates to traumatic events in one's past such as kidnappings, being prisoners of war or sexual abuse as a child.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Stressful

text: life

text: experiences

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: cause

text: of

text: memory

text: loss

text: as

text: a

text: person

text: ages

text: Glucocorticoids

text: that

text: are

text: released

text: during

text: stress

text: damage

text: neurons

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: hippocampal

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: Therefore

text: the

text: more

text: stressful

text: situations

text: that

text: someone

text: encounters

text: the

text: more

text: susceptible

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: memory

text: loss

text: later

text: on

text: The

text: neurons

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: are

text: destroyed

text: due

text: to

text: glucocorticoids

text: decreasing

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: glucose

text: and

text: the

text: reuptake

text: of

text: glutamate

text: This

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: extracellular

text: glutamate

text: allow

text: calcium

text: to

text: enter

text: NMDA

text: receptors

text: which

text: in

text: return

text: kills

text: neurons

text: Stressful

text: life

text: experiences

text: can

text: also

text: cause

text: repression

text: of

text: memories

text: where

text: a

text: person

text: moves

text: an

text: unbearable

text: memory

text: to

text: the

text: unconscious

text: mind

text: This

text: directly

text: relates

text: to

text: traumatic

text: events

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: past

text: such

text: as

text: kidnappings

text: being

text: prisoners

text: of

text: war

text: or

text: sexual

text: abuse

text: as

text: a

text: child

question: What neurons are damaged during stressful events?

answer: The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus

text: The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus

question: What can make someone more prone to memory loss as they age?

answer: the more stressful situations that someone encounters,

text: the more stressful situations that someone encounters,

question: What will a person often do with extremely stressful memories?

answer: repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind

text: repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind

question: What is the cause of neuron loss due to stress?

answer: high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors

text: high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors


text: In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf. Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts; this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season. In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: In

text: Herbert

text: Chapman

text: wanting

text: his

text: players

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: distinctly

text: dressed

text: updated

text: the

text: kit

text: adding

text: white

text: sleeves

text: and

text: changing

text: the

text: shade

text: to

text: a

text: brighter

text: pillar

text: box

text: red

text: Two

text: possibilities

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: for

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: white

text: sleeves

text: One

text: story

text: reports

text: that

text: Chapman

text: noticed

text: a

text: supporter

text: in

text: the

text: stands

text: wearing

text: a

text: red

text: sleeveless

text: sweater

text: over

text: a

text: white

text: shirt

text: another

text: was

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: a

text: similar

text: outfit

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: cartoonist

text: Tom

text: Webster

text: with

text: whom

text: Chapman

text: played

text: golf

text: Regardless

text: of

text: which

text: story

text: is

text: true

text: the

text: red

text: and

text: white

text: shirts

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: define

text: Arsenal

text: and

text: the

text: team

text: have

text: worn

text: the

text: combination

text: ever

text: since

text: aside

text: from

text: two

text: seasons

text: The

text: first

text: was

text: when

text: Arsenal

text: wore

text: all

text: red

text: shirts

text: this

text: proved

text: unpopular

text: and

text: the

text: white

text: sleeves

text: returned

text: the

text: following

text: season

text: The

text: second

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: season

text: that

text: Arsenal

text: played

text: at

text: Highbury

text: when

text: the

text: team

text: wore

text: commemorative

text: redcurrant

text: shirts

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: worn

text: in

text: their

text: first

text: season

text: in

text: the

text: stadium

text: the

text: club

text: reverted

text: to

text: their

text: normal

text: colours

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: season

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: Arsenal

text: replaced

text: the

text: traditional

text: all

text: white

text: sleeves

text: with

text: red

text: sleeves

text: with

text: a

text: broad

text: white

text: stripe

question: What manager updated the players uniforms in 1933?

answer: Herbert Chapman

text: Herbert Chapman

question: What brighter shade of red did Chapman adopt?

answer: pillar box red

text: pillar box red

question: What distinctive change did Chapman make to the Arsenal shirts?

answer: white sleeves

text: white sleeves

question: For what style of shirts Arsenal known ?

answer: red and white

text: red and white

question: What did Arsenal want to commemorate by wearing dark red shirts in their last season at Highbury?

answer: first season

text: first season


text: Politechnika (translated as a "technical university" or "university of technology") is a main kind of technical university name in Poland. There are some biggest Polytechnic in Poland:

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Politechnika

text: translated

text: as

text: a

text: technical

text: university

text: or

text: university

text: of

text: technology

text: is

text: a

text: main

text: kind

text: of

text: technical

text: university

text: name

text: in

text: Poland

text: There

text: are

text: some

text: biggest

text: Polytechnic

text: in

text: Poland

question: What word do they use in Poland for an institute of technology?

answer: Politechnika

text: Politechnika


text: Frederick the Great, the king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, saw himself as a leader of the Enlightenment and patronized philosophers and scientists at his court in Berlin. Voltaire, who had been imprisoned and maltreated by the French government, was eager to accept Frederick's invitation to live at his palace. Frederick explained, "My principal occupation is to combat ignorance and prejudice ... to enlighten minds, cultivate morality, and to make people as happy as it suits human nature, and as the means at my disposal permit."

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Great

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Prussia

text: from

text: to

text: saw

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: and

text: patronized

text: philosophers

text: and

text: scientists

text: at

text: his

text: court

text: in

text: Berlin

text: Voltaire

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: imprisoned

text: and

text: maltreated

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: was

text: eager

text: to

text: accept

text: Frederick

text: 's

text: invitation

text: to

text: live

text: at

text: his

text: palace

text: Frederick

text: explained

text: My

text: principal

text: occupation

text: is

text: to

text: combat

text: ignorance

text: and

text: prejudice

text: to

text: enlighten

text: minds

text: cultivate

text: morality

text: and

text: to

text: make

text: people

text: as

text: happy

text: as

text: it

text: suits

text: human

text: nature

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: means

text: at

text: my

text: disposal

text: permit

question: Which king of Prussia saw himself as the leader of the Enlightenment?

answer: Frederick the Great

text: Frederick the Great

question: Which Enlightenment theorist was extended an invitation to live at the palace after being iprisoned by the French government?

answer: Voltaire

text: Voltaire

question: Who was the king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786?

answer: Frederick the Great,

text: Frederick the Great,


text: Samkhya philosophy includes a theory of gunas (qualities, innate tendencies, psyche). Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative. Everything, all life forms and human beings, state Samkhya scholars, have these three gunas, but in different proportions. The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life. Samkhya theorises a pluralism of souls (Jeevatmas) who possess consciousness, but denies the existence of Ishvara (God). Classical Samkhya is considered an atheist / non-theistic Hindu philosophy.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Samkhya

text: philosophy

text: includes

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: gunas

text: qualities

text: innate

text: tendencies

text: psyche

text: Guna

text: it

text: states

text: are

text: of

text: three

text: types

text: Sattva

text: being

text: good

text: compassionate

text: illuminating

text: positive

text: and

text: constructive

text: Rajas

text: guna

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: activity

text: chaotic

text: passion

text: impulsive

text: potentially

text: good

text: or

text: bad

text: and

text: Tamas

text: being

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: darkness

text: ignorance

text: destructive

text: lethargic

text: negative

text: Everything

text: all

text: life

text: forms

text: and

text: human

text: beings

text: state

text: Samkhya

text: scholars

text: have

text: these

text: three

text: gunas

text: but

text: in

text: different

text: proportions

text: The

text: interplay

text: of

text: these

text: gunas

text: defines

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: someone

text: or

text: something

text: of

text: nature

text: and

text: determines

text: the

text: progress

text: of

text: life

text: Samkhya

text: theorises

text: a

text: pluralism

text: of

text: souls

text: Jeevatmas

text: who

text: possess

text: consciousness

text: but

text: denies

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: Ishvara

text: God

text: Classical

text: Samkhya

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: atheist

text: non

text: theistic

text: Hindu

text: philosophy

question: How many types of Guna exist in Hindu philosophy?

answer: three

text: three

question: Which state of guna is that of compassion, positiveness, and goodness?

answer: Sattva

text: Sattva

question: Which type of guna is concened with passion and activity?

answer: Rajas

text: Rajas

question: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?

answer: Tamas

text: Tamas

question: What is the interpretation of classical  of Samkhya?

answer: atheist / non-theistic

text: atheist / non-theistic


text: In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: In

text: Charles

text: Taze

text: Russell

text: and

text: others

text: formed

text: a

text: group

text: in

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: Bible

text: During

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: his

text: ministry

text: Russell

text: disputed

text: many

text: beliefs

text: of

text: mainstream

text: Christianity

text: including

text: immortality

text: of

text: the

text: soul

text: hellfire

text: predestination

text: the

text: fleshly

text: return

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: the

text: Trinity

text: and

text: the

text: burning

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: Russell

text: met

text: Nelson

text: H.

text: Barbour

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: they

text: jointly

text: produced

text: the

text: book

text: Three

text: Worlds

text: which

text: combined

text: restitutionist

text: views

text: with

text: end

text: time

text: prophecy

text: The

text: book

text: taught

text: that

text: God

text: 's

text: dealings

text: with

text: humanity

text: were

text: divided

text: dispensationally

text: each

text: ending

text: with

text: a

text: harvest

text: that

text: Christ

text: had

text: returned

text: as

text: an

text: invisible

text: spirit

text: being

text: in

text: inaugurating

text: the

text: harvest

text: of

text: the

text: Gospel

text: age

text: and

text: that

text: would

text: mark

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: period

text: called

text: the

text: Gentile

text: Times

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: world

text: society

text: would

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: full

text: establishment

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: kingdom

text: on

text: earth

text: Beginning

text: in

text: Russell

text: and

text: Barbour

text: jointly

text: edited

text: a

text: religious

text: journal

text: Herald

text: of

text: the

text: Morning

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: two

text: split

text: over

text: doctrinal

text: differences

text: and

text: in

text: July

text: Russell

text: began

text: publishing

text: the

text: magazine

text: Zion

text: 's

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: and

text: Herald

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: Presence

text: stating

text: that

text: its

text: purpose

text: was

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: new

text: age

text: of

text: earthly

text: and

text: human

text: restitution

text: under

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Christ

text: was

text: imminent

question: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?

answer: 1870

question: Where did Russell and others form their group?

answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

question: What was the purpose of Russell's group?

answer: to study the Bible

text: to study the Bible

question: 1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what?

answer: the Gentile Times

text: the Gentile Times

question: When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book?

answer: Three Worlds

text: Three Worlds


text: There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females. The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: There

text: are

text: males

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: females

text: The

text: age

text: range

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: people

text: falling

text: in

text: this

text: age

text: range

text: Next

text: largest

text: is

text: the

text: range

text: with

text: people

text: and

text: then

text: years

text: with

text: By

text: population

text: Southampton

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: monocentric

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: region

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Coast

text: after

text: Plymouth

question: Are there more males or females in Southampton?

answer: males

text: males

question: What age range contains the most people from Southampton?

answer: 20–24

question: How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?

answer: 17,800

question: How many women live in Southampton?

answer: 117,400

question: What's the only monocentric city on the South Coast larger than Southampton?

answer: Plymouth

text: Plymouth


text: The numbered streets carry crosstown traffic. In general, even-numbered streets are one-way eastbound and odd-numbered streets are one-way west. Several exceptions reverse this. Most wider streets carry two-way traffic, as do a few of the narrow ones.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: The

text: numbered

text: streets

text: carry

text: crosstown

text: traffic

text: In

text: general

text: even

text: numbered

text: streets

text: are

text: one

text: way

text: eastbound

text: and

text: odd

text: numbered

text: streets

text: are

text: one

text: way

text: west

text: Several

text: exceptions

text: reverse

text: this

text: Most

text: wider

text: streets

text: carry

text: two

text: way

text: traffic

text: as

text: do

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: the

text: narrow

text: ones

question: Which streets are one-way eastbound?

answer: even-numbered

text: even-numbered

question: Odd-numbered streets are one-way in which direction?

answer: west

text: west

question: Do most wide streets carry one-way or two-way traffic?

answer: two-way

text: two-way


text: Thomas Davidson taught a philosophy called "apeirotheism", a "form of pluralistic idealism...coupled with a stern ethical rigorism" which he defined as "a theory of Gods infinite in number." The theory was indebted to Aristotle's pluralism and his concepts of Soul, the rational, living aspect of a living substance which cannot exist apart from the body because it is not a substance but an essence, and nous, rational thought, reflection and understanding. Although a perennial source of controversy, Aristotle arguably views the latter as both eternal and immaterial in nature, as exemplified in his theology of unmoved movers. Identifying Aristotle's God with rational thought, Davidson argued, contrary to Aristotle, that just as the soul cannot exist apart from the body, God cannot exist apart from the world.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Thomas

text: Davidson

text: taught

text: a

text: philosophy

text: called

text: apeirotheism

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: pluralistic

text: idealism

text: coupled

text: with

text: a

text: stern

text: ethical

text: rigorism

text: which

text: he

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: Gods

text: infinite

text: in

text: number

text: The

text: theory

text: was

text: indebted

text: to

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: pluralism

text: and

text: his

text: concepts

text: of

text: Soul

text: the

text: rational

text: living

text: aspect

text: of

text: a

text: living

text: substance

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: exist

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: substance

text: but

text: an

text: essence

text: and

text: nous

text: rational

text: thought

text: reflection

text: and

text: understanding

text: Although

text: a

text: perennial

text: source

text: of

text: controversy

text: Aristotle

text: arguably

text: views

text: the

text: latter

text: as

text: both

text: eternal

text: and

text: immaterial

text: in

text: nature

text: as

text: exemplified

text: in

text: his

text: theology

text: of

text: unmoved

text: movers

text: Identifying

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: God

text: with

text: rational

text: thought

text: Davidson

text: argued

text: contrary

text: to

text: Aristotle

text: that

text: just

text: as

text: the

text: soul

text: can

text: not

text: exist

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: God

text: can

text: not

text: exist

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: world

question: What was the name of the philosophy preached by Thomas Davidson?

answer: apeirotheism

text: apeirotheism

question: What type of idealism was Thomas Davidson's philosophy?

answer: pluralistic

text: pluralistic

question: According to Davidson, how many gods are there?

answer: infinite

text: infinite

question: By whose philosophy was Davidson influenced?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: What did Davidson believe the God of Aristotle is synonymous with?

answer: rational thought

text: rational thought


text: Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the ceremony are to preserve girls' chastity, provide tribute labour for the Queen mother, and to encourage solidarity by working together. The royal family appoints a commoner maiden to be "induna" (captain) of the girls and she announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She will be an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol. One of the King's daughters will be her counterpart.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: Swaziland

text: 's

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: cultural

text: event

text: is

text: the

text: annual

text: Umhlanga

text: Reed

text: Dance

text: In

text: the

text: eight

text: day

text: ceremony

text: girls

text: cut

text: reeds

text: and

text: present

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: queen

text: mother

text: and

text: then

text: dance

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: formal

text: competition

text: It

text: is

text: done

text: in

text: late

text: August

text: or

text: early

text: September

text: Only

text: childless

text: unmarried

text: girls

text: can

text: take

text: part

text: The

text: aims

text: of

text: the

text: ceremony

text: are

text: to

text: preserve

text: girls

text: chastity

text: provide

text: tribute

text: labour

text: for

text: the

text: Queen

text: mother

text: and

text: to

text: encourage

text: solidarity

text: by

text: working

text: together

text: The

text: royal

text: family

text: appoints

text: a

text: commoner

text: maiden

text: to

text: be

text: induna

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: girls

text: and

text: she

text: announces

text: over

text: the

text: radio

text: the

text: dates

text: of

text: the

text: ceremony

text: She

text: will

text: be

text: an

text: expert

text: dancer

text: and

text: knowledgeable

text: on

text: royal

text: protocol

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: daughters

text: will

text: be

text: her

text: counterpart

question: What is the most widely known event in Swazi culture?

answer: Umhlanga Reed Dance.

text: Umhlanga Reed Dance.

question: How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: late August or early September

text: late August or early September

question: What individuals can take part in the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: childless, unmarried girls

text: childless, unmarried girls

question: As it relates to girls, what is the purpose of the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: to preserve girls' chastity

text: to preserve girls' chastity


text: The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: first

text: non

text: Native

text: American

text: inhabitant

text: of

text: what

text: would

text: eventually

text: become

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: was

text: Dominican

text: trader

text: Juan

text: Rodriguez

text: transliterated

text: to

text: Dutch

text: as

text: Jan

text: Rodrigues

text: Born

text: in

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: African

text: descent

text: he

text: arrived

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: trapping

text: for

text: pelts

text: and

text: trading

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: population

text: as

text: a

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Broadway

text: from

text: Street

text: to

text: Street

text: is

text: named

text: Juan

text: Rodriguez

text: Way

text: in

text: his

text: honor

question: Where was Juan Rodriguez born?

answer: Santo Domingo

text: Santo Domingo

question: What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez?

answer: Jan Rodrigues

text: Jan Rodrigues

question: What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation?

answer: trader

text: trader

question: What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez?

answer: Juan Rodriguez Way

text: Juan Rodriguez Way

question: During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC?

answer: Juan Rodriguez

text: Juan Rodriguez

question: Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez?

answer: Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street

text: Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street


text: All vertebrates have a blood–brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body. Glial cells play a major role in brain metabolism by controlling the chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons, including levels of ions and nutrients.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: All

text: vertebrates

text: have

text: a

text: blood

text: brain

text: barrier

text: that

text: allows

text: metabolism

text: inside

text: the

text: brain

text: to

text: operate

text: differently

text: from

text: metabolism

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Glial

text: cells

text: play

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: brain

text: metabolism

text: by

text: controlling

text: the

text: chemical

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: fluid

text: that

text: surrounds

text: neurons

text: including

text: levels

text: of

text: ions

text: and

text: nutrients

question: What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?

answer: Glial cells

text: Glial cells

question: Glial cells control what inside the brain?

answer: chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons

text: chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons


text: According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikohus, with nineteen justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president. The official Head of State is the President of Estonia, who gives assent to the laws passed by Riigikogu, also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Estonia

text: Estonian

text: Põhiseadus

text: the

text: supreme

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: people

text: The

text: people

text: exercise

text: their

text: supreme

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: elections

text: of

text: the

text: Riigikogu

text: through

text: citizens

text: who

text: have

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: The

text: supreme

text: judicial

text: power

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: or

text: Riigikohus

text: with

text: nineteen

text: justices

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: is

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: parliament

text: for

text: nine

text: years

text: on

text: nomination

text: by

text: the

text: president

text: The

text: official

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: is

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Estonia

text: who

text: gives

text: assent

text: to

text: the

text: laws

text: passed

text: by

text: Riigikogu

text: also

text: having

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: sending

text: them

text: back

text: and

text: proposing

text: new

text: laws

question: What document declares supreme power for the people?

answer: the Constitution of Estonia

text: the Constitution of Estonia

question: Who holds supreme judicial power in Estonia?

answer: the Supreme Court or Riigikohus

text: the Supreme Court or Riigikohus

question: How many judges are on Estonia's supreme court?

answer: nineteen

text: nineteen

question: How many years does the Chief justice serve?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990. The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as the former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated. Today's environmental problems are the salination of the Werra river, caused by discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach and overfertilisation in agriculture, damaging the soil and small rivers.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: Environmental

text: damage

text: in

text: Thuringia

text: has

text: been

text: reduced

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: extent

text: after

text: The

text: condition

text: of

text: forests

text: rivers

text: and

text: air

text: was

text: improved

text: by

text: modernizing

text: factories

text: houses

text: decline

text: of

text: coal

text: heating

text: and

text: cars

text: and

text: contaminated

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: Uranium

text: surface

text: mines

text: around

text: Ronneburg

text: have

text: been

text: remediated

text: Today

text: 's

text: environmental

text: problems

text: are

text: the

text: salination

text: of

text: the

text: Werra

text: river

text: caused

text: by

text: discharges

text: of

text: K+S

text: salt

text: mines

text: around

text: Unterbreizbach

text: and

text: overfertilisation

text: in

text: agriculture

text: damaging

text: the

text: soil

text: and

text: small

text: rivers

question: Since when has environmental damage in Thuringia been reduced?

answer: 1990

question: What is one thing that helped to improve condition of forests, rivers and air?

answer: modernizing factories

text: modernizing factories

question: What has been done to former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg?

answer: Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated

text: Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated

question: What are today's big environmental problems?

answer: the salination of the Werra river

text: the salination of the Werra river

question: What is causing the salination of the Werra river?

answer: discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach

text: discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach


text: In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: In

text: during

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: a

text: Parliamentary

text: garrison

text: moved

text: into

text: Southampton

text: The

text: Royalists

text: advanced

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Redbridge

text: Southampton

text: in

text: March

text: but

text: were

text: prevented

text: from

text: taking

text: the

text: town

question: What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?

answer: English Civil War

text: English Civil War

question: What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?

answer: 1642

question: What is the furthest town the Royalists reached during their advance into Southampton in 1644?

answer: Redbridge

text: Redbridge

question: In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?

answer: March

text: March


text: Most types of capacitor include a dielectric spacer, which increases their capacitance. These dielectrics are most often insulators. However, low capacitance devices are available with a vacuum between their plates, which allows extremely high voltage operation and low losses. Variable capacitors with their plates open to the atmosphere were commonly used in radio tuning circuits. Later designs use polymer foil dielectric between the moving and stationary plates, with no significant air space between them.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Most

text: types

text: of

text: capacitor

text: include

text: a

text: dielectric

text: spacer

text: which

text: increases

text: their

text: capacitance

text: These

text: dielectrics

text: are

text: most

text: often

text: insulators

text: However

text: low

text: capacitance

text: devices

text: are

text: available

text: with

text: a

text: vacuum

text: between

text: their

text: plates

text: which

text: allows

text: extremely

text: high

text: voltage

text: operation

text: and

text: low

text: losses

text: Variable

text: capacitors

text: with

text: their

text: plates

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: were

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: radio

text: tuning

text: circuits

text: Later

text: designs

text: use

text: polymer

text: foil

text: dielectric

text: between

text: the

text: moving

text: and

text: stationary

text: plates

text: with

text: no

text: significant

text: air

text: space

text: between

text: them

question: What do many capacitors contain that raises the capacitance?

answer: a dielectric spacer

text: a dielectric spacer

question: What sort of dielectric is used in low capacitance devices?

answer: a vacuum

text: a vacuum

question: What sort of capacitors have traditionally been used in radio tuning circuits?

answer: Variable capacitors

text: Variable capacitors

question: How did the capacitor traditionally used in radio tuning circuits change over time?

answer: use polymer foil dielectric between the moving and stationary plates

text: use polymer foil dielectric between the moving and stationary plates

question: What did the later designs of capacitors used in radio tuning circuits no longer have?

answer: no significant air space

text: no significant air space


text: Russia feared losing Russian America without compensation in some future conflict, especially to the British. While Alaska attracted little interest at the time, the population of nearby British Columbia started to increase rapidly a few years after hostilities ended. Therefore, the Russian emperor, Alexander II, decided to sell Alaska. In 1859 the Russians offered to sell the territory to the United States, hoping that its presence in the region would offset the plans of Russia's greatest regional rival, the United Kingdom.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Russia

text: feared

text: losing

text: Russian

text: America

text: without

text: compensation

text: in

text: some

text: future

text: conflict

text: especially

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: While

text: Alaska

text: attracted

text: little

text: interest

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: nearby

text: British

text: Columbia

text: started

text: to

text: increase

text: rapidly

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: after

text: hostilities

text: ended

text: Therefore

text: the

text: Russian

text: emperor

text: Alexander

text: II

text: decided

text: to

text: sell

text: Alaska

text: In

text: the

text: Russians

text: offered

text: to

text: sell

text: the

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: hoping

text: that

text: its

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: would

text: offset

text: the

text: plans

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: greatest

text: regional

text: rival

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

question: What did the Russians fear losing without compensation?

answer: British Columbia

text: British Columbia

question: What province became more popular and saw a increase in population after the war?

answer: British Columbia

text: British Columbia

question: Who made the call to sell Alaska?

answer: Alexander II

text: Alexander II

question: Who did the Russians offer to sell Alaska to?

answer: the United States

text: the United States

question: Who is Russia's largest regional rival?

answer: the United Kingdom

text: the United Kingdom


text: Since the Middle Ages, the Galician Catholic Church has been organized into five ecclesiastical dioceses (Lugo, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Mondoñedo-Ferrol and Tui-Vigo). While these may have coincided with contemporary 15th-century civil provinces, they no longer have the same boundaries as the modern civil provincial divisions. The church is led by one archbishop and four bishops. Moreover, of five dioceses, Galicia is divided between 163 districts and 3,792 parishes, a few of which are governed by administrators, the remainder by parish priests.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Since

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: Galician

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: has

text: been

text: organized

text: into

text: five

text: ecclesiastical

text: dioceses

text: Lugo

text: Ourense

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Compostela

text: Mondoñedo

text: Ferrol

text: and

text: Tui

text: Vigo

text: While

text: these

text: may

text: have

text: coincided

text: with

text: contemporary

text: century

text: civil

text: provinces

text: they

text: no

text: longer

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: boundaries

text: as

text: the

text: modern

text: civil

text: provincial

text: divisions

text: The

text: church

text: is

text: led

text: by

text: one

text: archbishop

text: and

text: four

text: bishops

text: Moreover

text: of

text: five

text: dioceses

text: Galicia

text: is

text: divided

text: between

text: districts

text: and

text: parishes

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: administrators

text: the

text: remainder

text: by

text: parish

text: priests

question: Which church has had a large influence over Galicia since the Middle Ages?

answer: Catholic Church

text: Catholic Church

question: Which five positions are held by church leaders?

answer: one archbishop and four bishops

text: one archbishop and four bishops


text: Natural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, rather than alpha emission. There are also five other trace isotopes: uranium-239, which is formed when 238U undergoes spontaneous fission, releasing neutrons that are captured by another 238U atom; uranium-237, which is formed when 238U captures a neutron but emits two more, which then decays to neptunium-237; uranium-233, which is formed in the decay chain of that neptunium-237; and finally, uranium-236 and -240, which appear in the decay chain of primordial plutonium-244. It is also expected that thorium-232 should be able to undergo double beta decay, which would produce uranium-232, but this has not yet been observed experimentally.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: Natural

text: uranium

text: consists

text: of

text: three

text: major

text: isotopes

text: natural

text: abundance

text: and

text: All

text: three

text: are

text: radioactive

text: emitting

text: alpha

text: particles

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: that

text: all

text: three

text: of

text: these

text: isotopes

text: have

text: small

text: probabilities

text: of

text: undergoing

text: spontaneous

text: fission

text: rather

text: than

text: alpha

text: emission

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: five

text: other

text: trace

text: isotopes

text: which

text: is

text: formed

text: when

text: undergoes

text: spontaneous

text: fission

text: releasing

text: neutrons

text: that

text: are

text: captured

text: by

text: another

text: atom

text: which

text: is

text: formed

text: when

text: captures

text: a

text: neutron

text: but

text: emits

text: two

text: more

text: which

text: then

text: decays

text: to

text: which

text: is

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: decay

text: chain

text: of

text: that

text: and

text: finally

text: and

text: which

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: decay

text: chain

text: of

text: primordial

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: expected

text: that

text: should

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: undergo

text: double

text: beta

text: decay

text: which

text: would

text: produce

text: but

text: this

text: has

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: observed

text: experimentally

question: What is the least prevalent major isotope of natural uranium?

answer: uranium-234

question: What is the natural abundance of uranium-235?

answer: 0.71%

question: What isotope of uranium is formed when 238U experiences spontaneous fission?

answer: uranium-239

question: When uranium isotope is formed from the decay of neptunium-237?

answer: uranium-233

question: What isotope is it theorized will form uranium-2343 after double beta decay?

answer: thorium-232


text: Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke's Appeal, they wished he had used more moderate language. Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing "the doctrines I have sworn by, long and long since". Francis Basset, a backbench Whig MP, wrote to Burke: "...though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments, I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution". Burke sent a copy of the Appeal to the king and the king requested a friend to communicate to Burke that he had read it "with great Satisfaction". Burke wrote of its reception: "Not one word from one of our party. They are secretly galled. They agree with me to a title; but they dare not speak out for fear of hurting Fox. ... They leave me to myself; they see that I can do myself justice". Charles Burney viewed it as "a most admirable book—the best & most useful on political subjects that I have ever seen" but believed the differences in the Whig Party between Burke and Fox should not be aired publicly.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Although

text: Whig

text: grandees

text: such

text: as

text: Portland

text: and

text: Fitzwilliam

text: privately

text: agreed

text: with

text: Burke

text: 's

text: Appeal

text: they

text: wished

text: he

text: had

text: used

text: more

text: moderate

text: language

text: Fitzwilliam

text: saw

text: the

text: Appeal

text: as

text: containing

text: the

text: doctrines

text: I

text: have

text: sworn

text: by

text: long

text: and

text: long

text: since

text: Francis

text: Basset

text: a

text: backbench

text: Whig

text: MP

text: wrote

text: to

text: Burke

text: though

text: for

text: reasons

text: which

text: I

text: will

text: not

text: now

text: detail

text: I

text: did

text: not

text: then

text: deliver

text: my

text: sentiments

text: I

text: most

text: perfectly

text: differ

text: from

text: Mr.

text: Fox

text: from

text: the

text: great

text: Body

text: of

text: opposition

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Burke

text: sent

text: a

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: Appeal

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: the

text: king

text: requested

text: a

text: friend

text: to

text: communicate

text: to

text: Burke

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: read

text: it

text: with

text: great

text: Satisfaction

text: Burke

text: wrote

text: of

text: its

text: reception

text: Not

text: one

text: word

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: our

text: party

text: They

text: are

text: secretly

text: galled

text: They

text: agree

text: with

text: me

text: to

text: a

text: title

text: but

text: they

text: dare

text: not

text: speak

text: out

text: for

text: fear

text: of

text: hurting

text: Fox

text: They

text: leave

text: me

text: to

text: myself

text: they

text: see

text: that

text: I

text: can

text: do

text: myself

text: justice

text: Charles

text: Burney

text: viewed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: most

text: admirable

text: book

text: the

text: best

text: most

text: useful

text: on

text: political

text: subjects

text: that

text: I

text: have

text: ever

text: seen

text: but

text: believed

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: Whig

text: Party

text: between

text: Burke

text: and

text: Fox

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: aired

text: publicly

question: Who thought Burke should have written in a more moderate tone?

answer: Portland and Fitzwilliam

text: Portland and Fitzwilliam

question: Who said he 'perfectly differed from Mr. Fox'?

answer: Francis Basset

text: Francis Basset

question: What was Francis Basset's political party?

answer: Whig

text: Whig

question: How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt?

answer: galled

text: galled

question: Who thought Burke and Fox shouldn't have made their argument public?

answer: Charles Burney

text: Charles Burney


text: The massive work was arranged according to a "tree of knowledge." The tree reflected the marked division between the arts and sciences, which was largely a result of the rise of empiricism. Both areas of knowledge were united by philosophy, or the trunk of the tree of knowledge. The Enlightenment's desacrilization of religion was pronounced in the tree's design, particularly where theology accounted for a peripheral branch, with black magic as a close neighbour. As the Encyclopédie gained popularity, it was published in quarto and octavo editions after 1777. The quarto and octavo editions were much less expensive than previous editions, making the Encyclopédie more accessible to the non-elite. Robert Darnton estimates that there were approximately 25 000 copies of the Encyclopédie in circulation throughout France and Europe before the French Revolution. The extensive, yet affordable encyclopedia came to represent the transmission of Enlightenment and scientific education to an expanding audience.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: massive

text: work

text: was

text: arranged

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: tree

text: of

text: knowledge

text: The

text: tree

text: reflected

text: the

text: marked

text: division

text: between

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: which

text: was

text: largely

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: empiricism

text: Both

text: areas

text: of

text: knowledge

text: were

text: united

text: by

text: philosophy

text: or

text: the

text: trunk

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: of

text: knowledge

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: 's

text: desacrilization

text: of

text: religion

text: was

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: tree

text: 's

text: design

text: particularly

text: where

text: theology

text: accounted

text: for

text: a

text: peripheral

text: branch

text: with

text: black

text: magic

text: as

text: a

text: close

text: neighbour

text: As

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

text: gained

text: popularity

text: it

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: quarto

text: and

text: octavo

text: editions

text: after

text: The

text: quarto

text: and

text: octavo

text: editions

text: were

text: much

text: less

text: expensive

text: than

text: previous

text: editions

text: making

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

text: more

text: accessible

text: to

text: the

text: non

text: elite

text: Robert

text: Darnton

text: estimates

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: approximately

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

text: in

text: circulation

text: throughout

text: France

text: and

text: Europe

text: before

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: The

text: extensive

text: yet

text: affordable

text: encyclopedia

text: came

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: and

text: scientific

text: education

text: to

text: an

text: expanding

text: audience

question: How was the Encyclopedie arranged?

answer: according to a "tree of knowledge."

text: according to a "tree of knowledge."

question: The rise of empiricism caused a division between which two subjects?

answer: the arts and sciences

text: the arts and sciences

question: What was considered the trunk of the tree of knowledge?

answer: philosophy

text: philosophy

question: Which editions of the Encyclopedie were less expensive and more accessible to the non-elite?

answer: quarto and octavo

text: quarto and octavo

question: How many copies of the Encyclopedie were estimated to be in circulation throughout France and Europe before the French Revolution?

answer: 25 000

text: 25 000


text: The Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worms, such as earthworms and leeches. These two groups have long been considered close relatives because of the common presence of trochophore larvae, but the annelids were considered closer to the arthropods because they are both segmented. Now, this is generally considered convergent evolution, owing to many morphological and genetic differences between the two phyla. The Lophotrochozoa also include the Nemertea or ribbon worms, the Sipuncula, and several phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth, called a lophophore. These were traditionally grouped together as the lophophorates. but it now appears that the lophophorate group may be paraphyletic, with some closer to the nemerteans and some to the molluscs and annelids. They include the Brachiopoda or lamp shells, which are prominent in the fossil record, the Entoprocta, the Phoronida, and possibly the Bryozoa or moss animals.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: The

text: Lophotrochozoa

text: evolved

text: within

text: Protostomia

text: include

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: animal

text: phyla

text: the

text: Mollusca

text: and

text: Annelida

text: The

text: former

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: animal

text: phylum

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: described

text: species

text: includes

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: snails

text: clams

text: and

text: squids

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: comprises

text: the

text: segmented

text: worms

text: such

text: as

text: earthworms

text: and

text: leeches

text: These

text: two

text: groups

text: have

text: long

text: been

text: considered

text: close

text: relatives

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: presence

text: of

text: trochophore

text: larvae

text: but

text: the

text: annelids

text: were

text: considered

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: arthropods

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: both

text: segmented

text: Now

text: this

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: convergent

text: evolution

text: owing

text: to

text: many

text: morphological

text: and

text: genetic

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: phyla

text: The

text: Lophotrochozoa

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: Nemertea

text: or

text: ribbon

text: worms

text: the

text: Sipuncula

text: and

text: several

text: phyla

text: that

text: have

text: a

text: ring

text: of

text: ciliated

text: tentacles

text: around

text: the

text: mouth

text: called

text: a

text: lophophore

text: These

text: were

text: traditionally

text: grouped

text: together

text: as

text: the

text: lophophorates

text: but

text: it

text: now

text: appears

text: that

text: the

text: lophophorate

text: group

text: may

text: be

text: paraphyletic

text: with

text: some

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: nemerteans

text: and

text: some

text: to

text: the

text: molluscs

text: and

text: annelids

text: They

text: include

text: the

text: Brachiopoda

text: or

text: lamp

text: shells

text: which

text: are

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: the

text: Entoprocta

text: the

text: Phoronida

text: and

text: possibly

text: the

text: Bryozoa

text: or

text: moss

text: animals

question: What are two of the most successful animal phyla?

answer: Mollusca and Annelida

text: Mollusca and Annelida

question: What are some of the animals in Mollusca?

answer: snails, clams, and squids

text: snails, clams, and squids

question: What are some of the animals in Annelida?

answer: earthworms and leeches

text: earthworms and leeches

question: Why are the Mollusca and Annelida considered to be close relatives?

answer: common presence of trochophore larvae

text: common presence of trochophore larvae

question: What are the phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth called?

answer: lophophore

text: lophophore


text: The fourth Digimon series, which began airing on April 7, 2002, radically departs from the previous three by focusing on a new and very different kind of evolution, Spirit Evolution, in which the human characters use their D-Tectors (this series' Digivice) to transform themselves into special Digimon called Legendary Warriors, detracting from the customary formula of having digital partners. After receiving unusual phone messages from Ophanimon (one of the three ruling Digimon alongside Seraphimon and Cherubimon) Takuya Kanbara, Koji Minamoto, Junpei Shibayama, Zoe Orimoto, Tommy Himi, and Koichi Kimura go to a subway station and take a train to the Digital World. Summoned by Ophanimon, the Digidestined realize that they must find the ten legendary spirits and stop the forces of Cherubimon from physically destroying the Digital World. After finding the ten spirits of the Legendary Warriors and defeating Mercurymon, Grumblemon, Ranamon, and Arbormon, they finally end up fighting Cherubimon hoping to foil his effort to dominate the Digital World. After the defeat of Cherubimon, the Digidestined find they must face an even greater challenge as they try to stop the Royal Knights—Dynasmon and Crusadermon—from destroying the Digital World and using the collected data to revive the original ruler of the Digital World: the tyrannical Lucemon. Ultimately the Digidestined fail in preventing Lucemon from reawakening but they do manage to prevent him from escaping into the Real World. In the final battle, all of the legendary spirits the digidestined have collected thus far merge and create Susanoomon. With this new form, the digidestined are able to effectively defeat Lucemon and save the Digital World. In general, Frontier has a much lighter tone than that of Tamers, yet remains darker than Adventure and Adventure 02.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: fourth

text: Digimon

text: series

text: which

text: began

text: airing

text: on

text: April

text: radically

text: departs

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: three

text: by

text: focusing

text: on

text: a

text: new

text: and

text: very

text: different

text: kind

text: of

text: evolution

text: Spirit

text: Evolution

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: human

text: characters

text: use

text: their

text: D

text: Tectors

text: this

text: series

text: Digivice

text: to

text: transform

text: themselves

text: into

text: special

text: Digimon

text: called

text: Legendary

text: Warriors

text: detracting

text: from

text: the

text: customary

text: formula

text: of

text: having

text: digital

text: partners

text: After

text: receiving

text: unusual

text: phone

text: messages

text: from

text: Ophanimon

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: ruling

text: Digimon

text: alongside

text: Seraphimon

text: and

text: Cherubimon

text: Takuya

text: Kanbara

text: Koji

text: Minamoto

text: Junpei

text: Shibayama

text: Zoe

text: Orimoto

text: Tommy

text: Himi

text: and

text: Koichi

text: Kimura

text: go

text: to

text: a

text: subway

text: station

text: and

text: take

text: a

text: train

text: to

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: Summoned

text: by

text: Ophanimon

text: the

text: Digidestined

text: realize

text: that

text: they

text: must

text: find

text: the

text: ten

text: legendary

text: spirits

text: and

text: stop

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: Cherubimon

text: from

text: physically

text: destroying

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: After

text: finding

text: the

text: ten

text: spirits

text: of

text: the

text: Legendary

text: Warriors

text: and

text: defeating

text: Mercurymon

text: Grumblemon

text: Ranamon

text: and

text: Arbormon

text: they

text: finally

text: end

text: up

text: fighting

text: Cherubimon

text: hoping

text: to

text: foil

text: his

text: effort

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Cherubimon

text: the

text: Digidestined

text: find

text: they

text: must

text: face

text: an

text: even

text: greater

text: challenge

text: as

text: they

text: try

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: Royal

text: Knights

text: Dynasmon

text: and

text: Crusadermon

text: from

text: destroying

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: and

text: using

text: the

text: collected

text: data

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: original

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: the

text: tyrannical

text: Lucemon

text: Ultimately

text: the

text: Digidestined

text: fail

text: in

text: preventing

text: Lucemon

text: from

text: reawakening

text: but

text: they

text: do

text: manage

text: to

text: prevent

text: him

text: from

text: escaping

text: into

text: the

text: Real

text: World

text: In

text: the

text: final

text: battle

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: spirits

text: the

text: digidestined

text: have

text: collected

text: thus

text: far

text: merge

text: and

text: create

text: Susanoomon

text: With

text: this

text: new

text: form

text: the

text: digidestined

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: effectively

text: defeat

text: Lucemon

text: and

text: save

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: In

text: general

text: Frontier

text: has

text: a

text: much

text: lighter

text: tone

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Tamers

text: yet

text: remains

text: darker

text: than

text: Adventure

text: and

text: Adventure

question: When did the fourth series of Digimon begin?

answer: April 7, 2002

text: April 7, 2002

question: What was the main focus surrounding the fourth series?

answer: Spirit Evolution

text: Spirit Evolution

question: What did the characters use to transform themselves into special Digimons?

answer: D-Tectors

text: D-Tectors

question: After the characters transformed into special Digimons, what were they called?

answer: Legendary Warriors

text: Legendary Warriors


text: Double deck elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower. Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors. The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors. For example, the 85th floor restaurants can be accessed from the 60th floor sky-lobby. Restaurant customers must clear their reservations at the reception counter on the 2nd floor. A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Double

text: deck

text: elevators

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Taipei

text: office

text: tower

text: Tenants

text: of

text: even

text: numbered

text: floors

text: first

text: take

text: an

text: escalator

text: or

text: an

text: elevator

text: from

text: the

text: parking

text: garage

text: to

text: the

text: level

text: where

text: they

text: will

text: enter

text: the

text: upper

text: deck

text: and

text: arrive

text: at

text: their

text: floors

text: The

text: lower

text: deck

text: is

text: turned

text: off

text: during

text: low

text: volume

text: hours

text: and

text: the

text: upper

text: deck

text: can

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: level

text: elevator

text: stopping

text: at

text: all

text: adjacent

text: floors

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: floor

text: restaurants

text: can

text: be

text: accessed

text: from

text: the

text: floor

text: sky

text: lobby

text: Restaurant

text: customers

text: must

text: clear

text: their

text: reservations

text: at

text: the

text: reception

text: counter

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: A

text: bank

text: of

text: express

text: elevators

text: stop

text: only

text: on

text: the

text: sky

text: lobby

text: levels

text: and

text: upper

text: deck

text: car

text: where

text: tenants

text: can

text: transfer

text: to

text: local

text: elevators

question: What type of elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower?

answer: Double deck elevators

text: Double deck elevators

question: During what hours is the lower deck turned off?

answer: low-volume hours

text: low-volume hours

question: During the low volume hours, what can the upper deck function as?

answer: a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors

text: a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors

question: On what floor must restaurant customers clear their reservations?

answer: at the reception counter on the 2nd floor

text: at the reception counter on the 2nd floor

question: What levels make up the "sky lobby"?

answer: 36 and 60, upper-deck car

text: 36 and 60, upper-deck car


text: The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: a

text: huge

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: drinking

text: establishments

text: primarily

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: gin

text: Gin

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: England

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: after

text: the

text: Glorious

text: Revolution

text: of

text: and

text: became

text: very

text: popular

text: after

text: the

text: government

text: created

text: a

text: market

text: for

text: cuckoo

text: grain

text: or

text: cuckoo

text: malt

text: that

text: was

text: unfit

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: brewing

text: and

text: distilling

text: by

text: allowing

text: unlicensed

text: gin

text: and

text: beer

text: production

text: while

text: imposing

text: a

text: heavy

text: duty

text: on

text: all

text: imported

text: spirits

text: As

text: thousands

text: of

text: gin

text: shops

text: sprang

text: up

text: all

text: over

text: England

text: brewers

text: fought

text: back

text: by

text: increasing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: alehouses

text: By

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: gin

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: six

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: beer

text: and

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: cheapness

text: it

text: became

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: poor

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Gin

text: Craze

text: Over

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: drinking

text: establishments

text: in

text: London

text: were

text: gin

text: shops

question: After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?

answer: the Glorious Revolution

text: the Glorious Revolution

question: What people introduced gin to England?

answer: the Dutch

text: the Dutch

question: In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?

answer: 1688

question: How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?

answer: six times

text: six times

question: In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?

answer: half

text: half


text: In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Major pubertal and biological changes include changes to the sex organs, height, weight, and muscle mass, as well as major changes in brain structure and organization. Cognitive advances encompass both increases in knowledge and in the ability to think abstractly and to reason more effectively. The study of adolescent development often involves interdisciplinary collaborations. For example, researchers in neuroscience or bio-behavioral health might focus on pubertal changes in brain structure and its effects on cognition or social relations. Sociologists interested in adolescence might focus on the acquisition of social roles (e.g., worker or romantic partner) and how this varies across cultures or social conditions. Developmental psychologists might focus on changes in relations with parents and peers as a function of school structure and pubertal status.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: In

text: studying

text: adolescent

text: development

text: adolescence

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: biologically

text: as

text: the

text: physical

text: transition

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: puberty

text: and

text: the

text: termination

text: of

text: physical

text: growth

text: cognitively

text: as

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: think

text: abstractly

text: and

text: multi

text: dimensionally

text: or

text: socially

text: as

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: preparation

text: for

text: adult

text: roles

text: Major

text: pubertal

text: and

text: biological

text: changes

text: include

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: sex

text: organs

text: height

text: weight

text: and

text: muscle

text: mass

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: major

text: changes

text: in

text: brain

text: structure

text: and

text: organization

text: Cognitive

text: advances

text: encompass

text: both

text: increases

text: in

text: knowledge

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: think

text: abstractly

text: and

text: to

text: reason

text: more

text: effectively

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: adolescent

text: development

text: often

text: involves

text: interdisciplinary

text: collaborations

text: For

text: example

text: researchers

text: in

text: neuroscience

text: or

text: bio

text: behavioral

text: health

text: might

text: focus

text: on

text: pubertal

text: changes

text: in

text: brain

text: structure

text: and

text: its

text: effects

text: on

text: cognition

text: or

text: social

text: relations

text: Sociologists

text: interested

text: in

text: adolescence

text: might

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: social

text: roles

text: e.g.

text: worker

text: or

text: romantic

text: partner

text: and

text: how

text: this

text: varies

text: across

text: cultures

text: or

text: social

text: conditions

text: Developmental

text: psychologists

text: might

text: focus

text: on

text: changes

text: in

text: relations

text: with

text: parents

text: and

text: peers

text: as

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: school

text: structure

text: and

text: pubertal

text: status

question: How is adolescence defined biologically?

answer: the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth

text: the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth

question: How is adolescence defined cognitively?

answer: changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally

text: changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally

question: How is adolescence defined socially?

answer: a period of preparation for adult roles

text: a period of preparation for adult roles

question: Changes to sex organs, height, weight, and muscle mass are examples of which type of change?

answer: biological

text: biological

question: Increases in knowledge and the ability to think abstractly are examples of which kind of change?

answer: Cognitive

text: Cognitive


text: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: During

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: philosophers

text: such

text: as

text: John

text: Locke

text: advocated

text: the

text: principle

text: in

text: their

text: writings

text: whereas

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: Thomas

text: Hobbes

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: it

text: Montesquieu

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: foremost

text: supporters

text: of

text: separating

text: the

text: legislature

text: the

text: executive

text: and

text: the

text: judiciary

text: His

text: writings

text: considerably

text: influenced

text: the

text: opinions

text: of

text: the

text: framers

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

question: Which Enlightenment thinker supported the idea of separation of powers?

answer: John Locke

text: John Locke

question: Which Enlightenment thinker was against the separation of powers?

answer: Thomas Hobbes

text: Thomas Hobbes

question: Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches?

answer: Montesquieu

text: Montesquieu

question: Whose thoughts were impacted by Montesquieu's philosophy?

answer: the framers of the United States Constitution

text: the framers of the United States Constitution

question: Who was an advocate of separation of powers?

answer: John Locke

text: John Locke

question: Who was an opponent of separation of powers?

answer: Thomas Hobbes

text: Thomas Hobbes

question: Who's writing were very influential on the design of the United States Constitution?

answer: Montesquieu

text: Montesquieu


text: The Enlightenment took hold in most European countries, often with a specific local emphasis. For example, in France it became associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism while in Germany it reached deep into the middle classes and where it expressed a spiritualistic and nationalistic tone without threatening governments or established churches. Government responses varied widely. In France, the government was hostile, and the philosophes fought against its censorship, sometimes being imprisoned or hounded into exile. The British government for the most part ignored the Enlightenment's leaders in England and Scotland, although it did give Isaac Newton a knighthood and a very lucrative government office.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: took

text: hold

text: in

text: most

text: European

text: countries

text: often

text: with

text: a

text: specific

text: local

text: emphasis

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: France

text: it

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: anti

text: government

text: and

text: anti

text: Church

text: radicalism

text: while

text: in

text: Germany

text: it

text: reached

text: deep

text: into

text: the

text: middle

text: classes

text: and

text: where

text: it

text: expressed

text: a

text: spiritualistic

text: and

text: nationalistic

text: tone

text: without

text: threatening

text: governments

text: or

text: established

text: churches

text: Government

text: responses

text: varied

text: widely

text: In

text: France

text: the

text: government

text: was

text: hostile

text: and

text: the

text: philosophes

text: fought

text: against

text: its

text: censorship

text: sometimes

text: being

text: imprisoned

text: or

text: hounded

text: into

text: exile

text: The

text: British

text: government

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: ignored

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: 's

text: leaders

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: although

text: it

text: did

text: give

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: a

text: knighthood

text: and

text: a

text: very

text: lucrative

text: government

text: office

question: In which country did the Enlightenment become associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism?

answer: France

text: France

question: Which of the Enlightenment's leaders did the British government give a knighthood and lucrative government office?

answer: Isaac Newton

text: Isaac Newton

question: In which country did the government respond with hostility to the Enlightenment, even imprisoning philosophes?

answer: France

text: France

question: Was government response to the Enlightenment uniformly positive or widely varied?

answer: varied

text: varied

question: In which class did the Enlightenment reach deepest, expressing a nationalistic tone?

answer: middle

text: middle


text: A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: A

text: situated

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: developed

text: by

text: Paul

text: E.

text: Griffiths

text: and

text: Andrea

text: Scarantino

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: external

text: factors

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: and

text: communication

text: of

text: emotion

text: drawing

text: upon

text: the

text: situationism

text: approach

text: in

text: psychology

text: This

text: theory

text: is

text: markedly

text: different

text: from

text: both

text: cognitivist

text: and

text: neo

text: Jamesian

text: theories

text: of

text: emotion

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: see

text: emotion

text: as

text: a

text: purely

text: internal

text: process

text: with

text: the

text: environment

text: only

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: stimulus

text: to

text: the

text: emotion

text: In

text: contrast

text: a

text: situationist

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: views

text: emotion

text: as

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: investigating

text: its

text: environment

text: and

text: observing

text: the

text: responses

text: of

text: other

text: organisms

text: Emotion

text: stimulates

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: social

text: relationships

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: signal

text: to

text: mediate

text: the

text: behavior

text: of

text: other

text: organisms

text: In

text: some

text: contexts

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: emotion

text: both

text: voluntary

text: and

text: involuntary

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: strategic

text: moves

text: in

text: the

text: transactions

text: between

text: different

text: organisms

text: The

text: situated

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: states

text: that

text: conceptual

text: thought

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: inherent

text: part

text: of

text: emotion

text: since

text: emotion

text: is

text: an

text: action

text: oriented

text: form

text: of

text: skillful

text: engagement

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: Griffiths

text: and

text: Scarantino

text: suggested

text: that

text: this

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: could

text: be

text: helpful

text: in

text: understanding

text: phobias

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: emotions

text: of

text: infants

text: and

text: animals

question: Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?

answer: Paul E. Griffiths

text: Paul E. Griffiths

question: What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?

answer: external

text: external

question: The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?

answer: situationism

text: situationism

question: Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?

answer: phobias

text: phobias


text: In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: In

text: the

text: band

text: left

text: for

text: a

text: world

text: tour

text: with

text: each

text: member

text: in

text: Zandra

text: Rhodes

text: created

text: costumes

text: and

text: accompanied

text: with

text: banks

text: of

text: lights

text: and

text: effects

text: They

text: toured

text: the

text: US

text: as

text: headliners

text: and

text: played

text: in

text: Canada

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: In

text: September

text: after

text: an

text: acromonious

text: split

text: with

text: Trident

text: the

text: band

text: negotiated

text: themselves

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: Trident

text: Studios

text: contract

text: and

text: searched

text: for

text: new

text: management

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: options

text: they

text: considered

text: was

text: an

text: offer

text: from

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: 's

text: manager

text: Peter

text: Grant

text: Grant

text: wanted

text: them

text: to

text: sign

text: with

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: 's

text: own

text: production

text: company

text: Swan

text: Song

text: Records

text: The

text: band

text: found

text: the

text: contract

text: unacceptable

text: and

text: instead

text: contacted

text: Elton

text: John

text: 's

text: manager

text: John

text: Reid

text: who

text: accepted

text: the

text: position

question: Who created the costumes for Queen's 1975 tour?

answer: Zandra Rhodes

text: Zandra Rhodes

question: What country did Queen play in for the first time in 1975?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: Queen had a bitter split with what management company in 1975?

answer: Trident Studios

text: Trident Studios

question: What manager of Led Zeppelin tried to sign Queen?

answer: Peter Grant

text: Peter Grant

question: Whom did Queen eventually sign with after rejecting the Swan Song records contract?

answer: John Reid

text: John Reid