text: In his Harvard "Lectures on Pragmatism" (1903), Peirce enumerated what he called the "three cotary propositions of pragmatism" (L: cos, cotis whetstone), saying that they "put the edge on the maxim of pragmatism". First among these he listed the peripatetic-thomist observation mentioned above, but he further observed that this link between sensory perception and intellectual conception is a two-way street. That is, it can be taken to say that whatever we find in the intellect is also incipiently in the senses. Hence, if theories are theory-laden then so are the senses, and perception itself can be seen as a species of abductive inference, its difference being that it is beyond control and hence beyond critique – in a word, incorrigible. This in no way conflicts with the fallibility and revisability of scientific concepts, since it is only the immediate percept in its unique individuality or "thisness" – what the Scholastics called its haecceity – that stands beyond control and correction. Scientific concepts, on the other hand, are general in nature, and transient sensations do in another sense find correction within them. This notion of perception as abduction has received periodic revivals in artificial intelligence and cognitive science research, most recently for instance with the work of Irvin Rock on indirect perception.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: his

text: Harvard

text: Lectures

text: on

text: Pragmatism

text: Peirce

text: enumerated

text: what

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: three

text: cotary

text: propositions

text: of

text: pragmatism

text: L

text: cos

text: cotis

text: whetstone

text: saying

text: that

text: they

text: put

text: the

text: edge

text: on

text: the

text: maxim

text: of

text: pragmatism

text: First

text: among

text: these

text: he

text: listed

text: the

text: peripatetic

text: thomist

text: observation

text: mentioned

text: above

text: but

text: he

text: further

text: observed

text: that

text: this

text: link

text: between

text: sensory

text: perception

text: and

text: intellectual

text: conception

text: is

text: a

text: two

text: way

text: street

text: That

text: is

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: taken

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: whatever

text: we

text: find

text: in

text: the

text: intellect

text: is

text: also

text: incipiently

text: in

text: the

text: senses

text: Hence

text: if

text: theories

text: are

text: theory

text: laden

text: then

text: so

text: are

text: the

text: senses

text: and

text: perception

text: itself

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: species

text: of

text: abductive

text: inference

text: its

text: difference

text: being

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: beyond

text: control

text: and

text: hence

text: beyond

text: critique

text: in

text: a

text: word

text: incorrigible

text: This

text: in

text: no

text: way

text: conflicts

text: with

text: the

text: fallibility

text: and

text: revisability

text: of

text: scientific

text: concepts

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: the

text: immediate

text: percept

text: in

text: its

text: unique

text: individuality

text: or

text: thisness

text: what

text: the

text: Scholastics

text: called

text: its

text: haecceity

text: that

text: stands

text: beyond

text: control

text: and

text: correction

text: Scientific

text: concepts

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: are

text: general

text: in

text: nature

text: and

text: transient

text: sensations

text: do

text: in

text: another

text: sense

text: find

text: correction

text: within

text: them

text: This

text: notion

text: of

text: perception

text: as

text: abduction

text: has

text: received

text: periodic

text: revivals

text: in

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: and

text: cognitive

text: science

text: research

text: most

text: recently

text: for

text: instance

text: with

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Irvin

text: Rock

text: on

text: indirect

text: perception

question: Who wrote 'Lectures on Pragmatism'?

answer: Peirce

text: Peirce

question: When was 'Lectures on Pragmatism' published?

answer: 1903

question: What is 'haecceity'?

answer: unique individuality or "thisness"

text: unique individuality or "thisness"

question: What did Irvin Rock write about?

answer: indirect perception

text: indirect perception

question: Where has 'perception as abduction' come up repeatedly?

answer: in artificial intelligence and cognitive science research

text: in artificial intelligence and cognitive science research


text: Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: Although

text: browsers

text: are

text: primarily

text: intended

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: they

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: access

text: information

text: provided

text: by

text: web

text: servers

text: in

text: private

text: networks

text: or

text: files

text: in

text: file

text: systems

question: The primary function of a browser is to use what?

answer: the World Wide Web

text: the World Wide Web

question: In addition to accessing the Internet, browsers can also access info that is put there by web servers in what?

answer: private networks

text: private networks

question: A browser can also access files where?

answer: file systems

text: file systems


text: The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out through eleven wings located across Canada. The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions. 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings. Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons, both operational and support, under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Force

text: RCAF

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Force

text: The

text: commander

text: of

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Division

text: and

text: Canadian

text: NORAD

text: Region

text: based

text: in

text: Winnipeg

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: operational

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: Air

text: Force

text: activities

text: throughout

text: Canada

text: and

text: worldwide

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Division

text: operations

text: are

text: carried

text: out

text: through

text: eleven

text: wings

text: located

text: across

text: Canada

text: The

text: commander

text: of

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Division

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: training

text: and

text: support

text: functions

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Division

text: operations

text: are

text: carried

text: out

text: at

text: two

text: wings

text: Wings

text: represent

text: the

text: grouping

text: of

text: various

text: squadrons

text: both

text: operational

text: and

text: support

text: under

text: a

text: single

text: tactical

text: commander

text: reporting

text: to

text: the

text: operational

text: commander

text: and

text: vary

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: several

text: hundred

text: personnel

text: to

text: several

text: thousand

question: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?

answer: the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force

text: the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force

question: Where is the commander based out of?

answer: Winnipeg

text: Winnipeg

question: How many air force wings are located across Canada?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?

answer: tactical commander

text: tactical commander


text: It was at Port Said that Nasser saw a confrontation with the invading forces as being the strategic and psychological focal point of Egypt's defense. A third infantry battalion and hundreds of national guardsmen were sent to the city as reinforcements, while two regular companies were dispatched to organize popular resistance. Nasser and Boghdadi traveled to the canal zone to boost the morale of the armed volunteers. According to Boghdadi's memoirs, Nasser described the Egyptian Army as "shattered" as he saw the wreckage of Egyptian military equipment en route. When British and French forces landed in Port Said on 5–6 November, its local militia put up a stiff resistance, resulting in street-to-street fighting. The Egyptian Army commander in the city was preparing to request terms for a ceasefire, but Nasser ordered him to desist. The British-French forces managed to largely secure the city by 7 November. Between 750 and 1,000 Egyptians were killed in the battle for Port Said.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: It

text: was

text: at

text: Port

text: Said

text: that

text: Nasser

text: saw

text: a

text: confrontation

text: with

text: the

text: invading

text: forces

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: strategic

text: and

text: psychological

text: focal

text: point

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: defense

text: A

text: third

text: infantry

text: battalion

text: and

text: hundreds

text: of

text: national

text: guardsmen

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: reinforcements

text: while

text: two

text: regular

text: companies

text: were

text: dispatched

text: to

text: organize

text: popular

text: resistance

text: Nasser

text: and

text: Boghdadi

text: traveled

text: to

text: the

text: canal

text: zone

text: to

text: boost

text: the

text: morale

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: volunteers

text: According

text: to

text: Boghdadi

text: 's

text: memoirs

text: Nasser

text: described

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Army

text: as

text: shattered

text: as

text: he

text: saw

text: the

text: wreckage

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: military

text: equipment

text: en

text: route

text: When

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: forces

text: landed

text: in

text: Port

text: Said

text: on

text: November

text: its

text: local

text: militia

text: put

text: up

text: a

text: stiff

text: resistance

text: resulting

text: in

text: street

text: to

text: street

text: fighting

text: The

text: Egyptian

text: Army

text: commander

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: preparing

text: to

text: request

text: terms

text: for

text: a

text: ceasefire

text: but

text: Nasser

text: ordered

text: him

text: to

text: desist

text: The

text: British

text: French

text: forces

text: managed

text: to

text: largely

text: secure

text: the

text: city

text: by

text: November

text: Between

text: and

text: Egyptians

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: for

text: Port

text: Said

question: How many Egyptians died in the battle for Port Said?

answer: Between 750 and 1,000

text: Between 750 and 1,000

question: What did Nasser think was the most importatnt location in the battle for the canal?

answer: Port Said

text: Port Said

question: In what state was the Egyptian army after fighting the French and UK?

answer: shattered

text: shattered

question: Who was ultimately able to claim victoy in Port Said?

answer: British-French forces

text: British-French forces


text: U.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred." In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using "Overseas Contingency Operation". Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been "effectively destroyed", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is "to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from "Overseas Contingency Operations" to "Countering Violent Extremism" in 2010.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: has

text: rarely

text: used

text: the

text: term

text: but

text: in

text: his

text: inaugural

text: address

text: on

text: January

text: he

text: stated

text: Our

text: nation

text: is

text: at

text: war

text: against

text: a

text: far

text: reaching

text: network

text: of

text: violence

text: and

text: hatred

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: Defense

text: Department

text: officially

text: changed

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: operations

text: from

text: Global

text: War

text: on

text: Terror

text: to

text: Overseas

text: Contingency

text: Operation

text: OCO

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: Obama

text: administration

text: requested

text: that

text: Pentagon

text: staff

text: members

text: avoid

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: instead

text: using

text: Overseas

text: Contingency

text: Operation

text: Basic

text: objectives

text: of

text: the

text: Bush

text: administration

text: war

text: on

text: terror

text: such

text: as

text: targeting

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: and

text: building

text: international

text: counterterrorism

text: alliances

text: remain

text: in

text: place

text: In

text: December

text: Jeh

text: Johnson

text: the

text: General

text: Counsel

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: military

text: fight

text: will

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: law

text: enforcement

text: operation

text: when

text: speaking

text: at

text: Oxford

text: University

text: predicting

text: that

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: will

text: be

text: so

text: weakened

text: to

text: be

text: ineffective

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: effectively

text: destroyed

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: conflict

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: an

text: armed

text: conflict

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: In

text: May

text: Obama

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: dismantle

text: specific

text: networks

text: of

text: violent

text: extremists

text: that

text: threaten

text: America

text: which

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Office

text: of

text: Management

text: and

text: Budget

text: having

text: changed

text: the

text: wording

text: from

text: Overseas

text: Contingency

text: Operations

text: to

text: Countering

text: Violent

text: Extremism

text: in

question: What did Obama say the US is at war with, in 2009?

answer: a far-reaching network of violence and hatred

text: a far-reaching network of violence and hatred

question: What was the "Global War on Terror" officially renamed to in March 2009?

answer: Overseas Contingency Operation

text: Overseas Contingency Operation

question: What term did Obama want the government to stop using?

answer: war on terror

text: war on terror

question: Who said in 2012 that the fight would change from military to law enforcement?

answer: Jeh Johnson

text: Jeh Johnson

question: What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?

answer: Countering Violent Extremism

text: Countering Violent Extremism


text: The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence of clouds moving even faster than those that had initially been detected by Voyager 2). The Small Dark Spot is a southern cyclonic storm, the second-most-intense storm observed during the 1989 encounter. It was initially completely dark, but as Voyager 2 approached the planet, a bright core developed and can be seen in most of the highest-resolution images.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: The

text: Scooter

text: is

text: another

text: storm

text: a

text: white

text: cloud

text: group

text: farther

text: south

text: than

text: the

text: Great

text: Dark

text: Spot

text: This

text: nickname

text: first

text: arose

text: during

text: the

text: months

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Voyager

text: encounter

text: in

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: observed

text: moving

text: at

text: speeds

text: faster

text: than

text: the

text: Great

text: Dark

text: Spot

text: and

text: images

text: acquired

text: later

text: would

text: subsequently

text: reveal

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: clouds

text: moving

text: even

text: faster

text: than

text: those

text: that

text: had

text: initially

text: been

text: detected

text: by

text: Voyager

text: The

text: Small

text: Dark

text: Spot

text: is

text: a

text: southern

text: cyclonic

text: storm

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: intense

text: storm

text: observed

text: during

text: the

text: encounter

text: It

text: was

text: initially

text: completely

text: dark

text: but

text: as

text: Voyager

text: approached

text: the

text: planet

text: a

text: bright

text: core

text: developed

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: resolution

text: images

question: What white cloud group on Neptune is farther south than the dark great spot?

answer: The Scooter

text: The Scooter

question: When was The Scooter on Neptune observed?

answer: 1989

question: What type of storm is The Scooter on Neptune?

answer: southern cyclonic storm

text: southern cyclonic storm

question: What detected the storms on Neptune?

answer: Voyager 2)

text: Voyager 2)

question: What is the second most intense storm on Neptune?

answer: The Small Dark Spot

text: The Small Dark Spot


text: Xbox Live Gold includes the same features as Free and includes integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions. Microsoft has allowed previous Xbox Live subscribers to maintain their profile information, friends list, and games history when they make the transition to Xbox Live Gold. To transfer an Xbox Live account to the new system, users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com. When users add an Xbox Live enabled profile to their console, they are required to provide the console with their passport account information and the last four digits of their credit card number, which is used for verification purposes and billing. An Xbox Live Gold account has an annual cost of US$59.99, C$59.99, NZ$90.00, GB£39.99, or €59.99. As of January 5, 2011, Xbox Live has over 30 million subscribers.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Gold

text: includes

text: the

text: same

text: features

text: as

text: Free

text: and

text: includes

text: integrated

text: online

text: game

text: playing

text: capabilities

text: outside

text: of

text: third

text: party

text: subscriptions

text: Microsoft

text: has

text: allowed

text: previous

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: subscribers

text: to

text: maintain

text: their

text: profile

text: information

text: friends

text: list

text: and

text: games

text: history

text: when

text: they

text: make

text: the

text: transition

text: to

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Gold

text: To

text: transfer

text: an

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: account

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: system

text: users

text: need

text: to

text: link

text: a

text: Windows

text: Live

text: ID

text: to

text: their

text: gamertag

text: on

text: Xbox.com

text: When

text: users

text: add

text: an

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: enabled

text: profile

text: to

text: their

text: console

text: they

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: console

text: with

text: their

text: passport

text: account

text: information

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: four

text: digits

text: of

text: their

text: credit

text: card

text: number

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: verification

text: purposes

text: and

text: billing

text: An

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Gold

text: account

text: has

text: an

text: annual

text: cost

text: of

text: US$

text: C$

text: or

text: As

text: of

text: January

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: has

text: over

text: million

text: subscribers

question: What extra features do Xbox Live Gold members get?

answer: integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions

text: integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions

question: What information does Microsoft allow users to retain when transitioning Live subscriptions?

answer: profile information, friends list, and games history

text: profile information, friends list, and games history

question: What does a user need to do to transfer a Live account to the new system?

answer: users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com

text: users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com

question: What is the annual cost of a Live Gold membership in USD?

answer: $59.99

question: How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live?

answer: 30 million

text: 30 million


text: The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that encouraged workers on the assembly line to work harder. The Imperial measurement production drawings the British had developed were supplied to the Americans who produced their own (unlicensed) copy of the 40 mm at the start of the war, moving to licensed production in mid-1941.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: British

text: had

text: already

text: arranged

text: licence

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: Bofors

text: mm

text: and

text: introduced

text: these

text: into

text: service

text: These

text: had

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: knock

text: down

text: aircraft

text: of

text: any

text: size

text: yet

text: were

text: light

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: mobile

text: and

text: easily

text: swung

text: The

text: gun

text: became

text: so

text: important

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: war

text: effort

text: that

text: they

text: even

text: produced

text: a

text: movie

text: The

text: Gun

text: that

text: encouraged

text: workers

text: on

text: the

text: assembly

text: line

text: to

text: work

text: harder

text: The

text: Imperial

text: measurement

text: production

text: drawings

text: the

text: British

text: had

text: developed

text: were

text: supplied

text: to

text: the

text: Americans

text: who

text: produced

text: their

text: own

text: unlicensed

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: mm

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: moving

text: to

text: licensed

text: production

text: in

question: What did the British get a license to build?

answer: the Bofors 40 mm

text: the Bofors 40 mm

question: While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft?

answer: aircraft of any size

text: aircraft of any size

question: What was produced to inspire people on the assembly line to work harder?

answer: a movie

text: a movie

question: What was the movie made to inspire assembly line workers called?

answer: The Gun

text: The Gun

question: Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war?

answer: Americans

text: Americans


text: President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: President

text: Juárez

text: once

text: again

text: based

text: his

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: and

text: it

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: resistance

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: invasion

text: throughout

text: Mexico

text: On

text: March

text: a

text: battle

text: ensued

text: in

text: the

text: Plaza

text: de

text: Armas

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: between

text: the

text: French

text: imperial

text: forces

text: that

text: were

text: guarding

text: the

text: plaza

text: and

text: the

text: Republican

text: forces

text: led

text: by

text: General

text: Terrazas

text: Being

text: completely

text: caught

text: off

text: guard

text: the

text: French

text: imperial

text: forces

text: sought

text: refuge

text: by

text: bunkering

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Regla

text: and

text: St

text: Fancis

text: of

text: Assisi

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: almost

text: impossible

text: to

text: penetrate

text: their

text: defenses

text: General

text: Terrazas

text: then

text: decided

text: to

text: fire

text: a

text: heavy

text: artillery

text: barrage

text: with

text: kg

text: cannonballs

text: The

text: first

text: cannon

text: fired

text: hit

text: a

text: bell

text: in

text: the

text: tower

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: instantly

text: breaking

text: it

text: in

text: half

text: soon

text: after

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: army

text: forces

text: surrendered

text: The

text: republican

text: forces

text: had

text: recovered

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: The

text: bell

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: was

text: declared

text: a

text: historical

text: monument

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: today

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: By

text: April

text: the

text: state

text: government

text: had

text: established

text: a

text: vital

text: trading

text: route

text: from

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: to

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Texas

text: the

text: government

text: began

text: to

text: replenish

text: their

text: supplies

text: and

text: reinforce

text: their

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: Imperial

text: forces

question: Juarez again based his government in which state?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua

question: The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?

answer: the French invasion

text: the French invasion

question: On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?

answer: Plaza de Armas

text: Plaza de Armas

question: Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?

answer: General Terrazas

text: General Terrazas

question: Which structure in the church became a historical monument?

answer: The bell

text: The bell


text: Although the atomic structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure in a supercooled liquid, glass tends to behave as a solid below its glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instantly if a crystal is added as a core. The change in heat capacity at a glass transition and a melting transition of comparable materials are typically of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the change in active degrees of freedom is comparable as well. Both in a glass and in a crystal it is mostly only the vibrational degrees of freedom that remain active, whereas rotational and translational motion is arrested. This helps to explain why both crystalline and non-crystalline solids exhibit rigidity on most experimental time scales.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Although

text: the

text: atomic

text: structure

text: of

text: glass

text: shares

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: in

text: a

text: supercooled

text: liquid

text: glass

text: tends

text: to

text: behave

text: as

text: a

text: solid

text: below

text: its

text: glass

text: transition

text: temperature

text: A

text: supercooled

text: liquid

text: behaves

text: as

text: a

text: liquid

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: below

text: the

text: freezing

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: will

text: crystallize

text: almost

text: instantly

text: if

text: a

text: crystal

text: is

text: added

text: as

text: a

text: core

text: The

text: change

text: in

text: heat

text: capacity

text: at

text: a

text: glass

text: transition

text: and

text: a

text: melting

text: transition

text: of

text: comparable

text: materials

text: are

text: typically

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: order

text: of

text: magnitude

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: active

text: degrees

text: of

text: freedom

text: is

text: comparable

text: as

text: well

text: Both

text: in

text: a

text: glass

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: crystal

text: it

text: is

text: mostly

text: only

text: the

text: vibrational

text: degrees

text: of

text: freedom

text: that

text: remain

text: active

text: whereas

text: rotational

text: and

text: translational

text: motion

text: is

text: arrested

text: This

text: helps

text: to

text: explain

text: why

text: both

text: crystalline

text: and

text: non

text: crystalline

text: solids

text: exhibit

text: rigidity

text: on

text: most

text: experimental

text: time

text: scales

question: Atomically, glass is similar to what?

answer: a supercooled liquid

text: a supercooled liquid

question: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?

answer: A supercooled liquid

text: A supercooled liquid

question: Despite its atomic structure, cooled glass acts like what?

answer: a solid

text: a solid

question: In cooled glass, what types of movement stop?

answer: rotational and translational

text: rotational and translational


text: The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: term

text: classical

text: music

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: distinctly

text: canonize

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: Johann

text: Sebastian

text: Bach

text: to

text: Beethoven

text: as

text: a

text: golden

text: age

text: The

text: earliest

text: reference

text: to

text: classical

text: music

text: recorded

text: by

text: the

text: Oxford

text: English

text: Dictionary

text: is

text: from

text: about

question: When did the term "classical music" appear?

answer: the early 19th century

text: the early 19th century

question: What period is referred to as a "golden age"?

answer: the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven

text: the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven

question: What year is the earliest reference to 'classical music'?

answer: 1836

question: What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'?

answer: Oxford English Dictionary

text: Oxford English Dictionary

question: What term did not appear until the early 19th century?

answer: classical music

text: classical music

question: What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as?

answer: golden age

text: golden age

question: What year was the earliest reference to classical music?

answer: 1836

question: In what book was the earliest reference to classical music?

answer: Oxford English Dictionary

text: Oxford English Dictionary


text: Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness".

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: notably

text: confrontational

text: in

text: his

text: approach

text: to

text: foreign

text: powers

text: and

text: generally

text: shunned

text: western

text: ambassadors

text: and

text: diplomats

text: believing

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: spies

text: He

text: once

text: said

text: that

text: HIV

text: was

text: a

text: peaceful

text: virus

text: not

text: an

text: aggressive

text: virus

text: and

text: assured

text: attendees

text: at

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: that

text: if

text: you

text: are

text: straight

text: you

text: have

text: nothing

text: to

text: fear

text: from

text: AIDS

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: influenza

text: virus

text: was

text: a

text: biological

text: weapon

text: manufactured

text: by

text: a

text: foreign

text: military

text: and

text: he

text: assured

text: Africans

text: that

text: the

text: tsetse

text: fly

text: and

text: mosquito

text: were

text: God

text: 's

text: armies

text: which

text: will

text: protect

text: us

text: against

text: colonialists

text: Should

text: these

text: enemies

text: come

text: to

text: Africa

text: they

text: will

text: get

text: malaria

text: and

text: sleeping

text: sickness

question: What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as?

answer: peaceful

text: peaceful

question: Who did Gaddafi claim created H1N1?

answer: a foreign military

text: a foreign military

question: According to Gaddafi, what insects made up God's armies?

answer: tsetse fly and mosquito

text: tsetse fly and mosquito

question: What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists?

answer: malaria and sleeping sickness

text: malaria and sleeping sickness


text: Two controversies during the campaign tested him and his staff, but did not affect the campaign. One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust. Nixon spoke out adroitly to avoid potential damage, but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates. The second issue centered on Eisenhower's relented decision to confront the controversial methods of Joseph McCarthy on his home turf in a Wisconsin appearance. Just two weeks prior to the election, Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there. He promised to maintain a strong commitment against Communism while avoiding the topic of NATO; finally, he stressed a corruption-free, frugal administration at home.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Two

text: controversies

text: during

text: the

text: campaign

text: tested

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: staff

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: campaign

text: One

text: involved

text: a

text: report

text: that

text: Nixon

text: had

text: improperly

text: received

text: funds

text: from

text: a

text: secret

text: trust

text: Nixon

text: spoke

text: out

text: adroitly

text: to

text: avoid

text: potential

text: damage

text: but

text: the

text: matter

text: permanently

text: alienated

text: the

text: two

text: candidates

text: The

text: second

text: issue

text: centered

text: on

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: relented

text: decision

text: to

text: confront

text: the

text: controversial

text: methods

text: of

text: Joseph

text: McCarthy

text: on

text: his

text: home

text: turf

text: in

text: a

text: Wisconsin

text: appearance

text: Just

text: two

text: weeks

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: election

text: Eisenhower

text: vowed

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: Korea

text: and

text: end

text: the

text: war

text: there

text: He

text: promised

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: strong

text: commitment

text: against

text: Communism

text: while

text: avoiding

text: the

text: topic

text: of

text: NATO

text: finally

text: he

text: stressed

text: a

text: corruption

text: free

text: frugal

text: administration

text: at

text: home

question: What was the home state of Joseph McCarthy?

answer: Wisconsin

text: Wisconsin

question: Where did Eisenhower claim he would end the war?

answer: Korea

text: Korea

question: During the campaign, from where was it claimed Nixon had received money improperly?

answer: a secret trust

text: a secret trust

question: What topic did Eisenhower not discuss during the campaign?

answer: NATO

text: NATO


text: St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1610, and the Bristol's Hope colony at Harbour Grace, founded in 1618. In fact, although English fishermen had begun setting up seasonal camps in Newfoundland in the 16th Century, they were expressly forbidden by the British government, at the urging of the West Country fishing industry, from establishing permanent settlements along the English controlled coast, hence the town of St. John's was not established as a permanent community until after the 1630s at the earliest. Other permanent English settlements in the Americas that predate St. John's include: St. George's, Bermuda (1612) and Jamestown, Virginia (1607).

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: settlements

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: with

text: year

text: round

text: settlement

text: beginning

text: sometime

text: after

text: and

text: seasonal

text: habitation

text: long

text: before

text: that

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: however

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: English

text: settlement

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: or

text: Canada

text: having

text: been

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Cuper

text: 's

text: Cove

text: colony

text: at

text: Cupids

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: 's

text: Hope

text: colony

text: at

text: Harbour

text: Grace

text: founded

text: in

text: In

text: fact

text: although

text: English

text: fishermen

text: had

text: begun

text: setting

text: up

text: seasonal

text: camps

text: in

text: Newfoundland

text: in

text: the

text: Century

text: they

text: were

text: expressly

text: forbidden

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: at

text: the

text: urging

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Country

text: fishing

text: industry

text: from

text: establishing

text: permanent

text: settlements

text: along

text: the

text: English

text: controlled

text: coast

text: hence

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: was

text: not

text: established

text: as

text: a

text: permanent

text: community

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: at

text: the

text: earliest

text: Other

text: permanent

text: English

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: that

text: predate

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: include

text: St.

text: George

text: 's

text: Bermuda

text: and

text: Jamestown

text: Virginia

question: Which city is considered one of the oldest settlements in North America?

answer: St. John's

text: St. John's

question: Around what year did settlement begin to occur in St. John's?

answer: 1630

question: When was Cuper's Cove colony founded?

answer: 1610

question: What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded?

answer: 1618

question: Who forbade the  english fisherman to setup seasonal camps in Newfoundland?

answer: British government

text: British government


text: One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach, over the years. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the "Skyscraper By The Sea." The city became known as the "The World's Playground.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: One

text: by

text: one

text: additional

text: large

text: hotels

text: were

text: constructed

text: along

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: including

text: the

text: Brighton

text: Chelsea

text: Shelburne

text: Ambassador

text: Ritz

text: Carlton

text: Mayflower

text: Madison

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: Breakers

text: The

text: Quaker

text: owned

text: Chalfonte

text: House

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: Haddon

text: House

text: opened

text: in

text: flanked

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Avenue

text: at

text: the

text: beach

text: end

text: Their

text: original

text: wood

text: frame

text: structures

text: would

text: be

text: enlarged

text: and

text: even

text: moved

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: beach

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: The

text: modern

text: Chalfonte

text: Hotel

text: eight

text: stories

text: tall

text: opened

text: in

text: The

text: modern

text: Haddon

text: Hall

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: stages

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: at

text: eleven

text: stories

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: they

text: were

text: under

text: the

text: same

text: ownership

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Chalfonte

text: Haddon

text: Hall

text: Hotel

text: becoming

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: largest

text: hotel

text: with

text: nearly

text: rooms

text: By

text: the

text: Claridge

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: last

text: large

text: hotel

text: before

text: the

text: casinos

text: opened

text: its

text: doors

text: The

text: Claridge

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: a

text: partnership

text: that

text: included

text: renowned

text: Philadelphia

text: contractor

text: John

text: McShain

text: At

text: stories

text: it

text: would

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Skyscraper

text: By

text: The

text: Sea

text: The

text: city

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: The

text: World

text: 's

text: Playground

question: What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open?

answer: 1868

question: What year did the Haddon House open?

answer: 1869

question: How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel?

answer: nearly 1,000

text: nearly 1,000

question: What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge?

answer: Skyscraper By The Sea

text: Skyscraper By The Sea


text: The term heartwood derives solely from its position and not from any vital importance to the tree. This is evidenced by the fact that a tree can thrive with its heart completely decayed. Some species begin to form heartwood very early in life, so having only a thin layer of live sapwood, while in others the change comes slowly. Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule. Others never form heartwood.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: The

text: term

text: heartwood

text: derives

text: solely

text: from

text: its

text: position

text: and

text: not

text: from

text: any

text: vital

text: importance

text: to

text: the

text: tree

text: This

text: is

text: evidenced

text: by

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: a

text: tree

text: can

text: thrive

text: with

text: its

text: heart

text: completely

text: decayed

text: Some

text: species

text: begin

text: to

text: form

text: heartwood

text: very

text: early

text: in

text: life

text: so

text: having

text: only

text: a

text: thin

text: layer

text: of

text: live

text: sapwood

text: while

text: in

text: others

text: the

text: change

text: comes

text: slowly

text: Thin

text: sapwood

text: is

text: characteristic

text: of

text: such

text: species

text: as

text: chestnut

text: black

text: locust

text: mulberry

text: osage

text: orange

text: and

text: sassafras

text: while

text: in

text: maple

text: ash

text: hickory

text: hackberry

text: beech

text: and

text: pine

text: thick

text: sapwood

text: is

text: the

text: rule

text: Others

text: never

text: form

text: heartwood

question: If a tree starts forming heartwood right away, will its sapwood layer be thin or thick?

answer: thin

text: thin

question: What property of heartwood that has nothing to do with how important it is to trees got it its name?

answer: position

text: position

question: Does a beech tree usually have thin or thick sapwood?

answer: thick

text: thick

question: Does a sassafras tree typically have a thin or thick sapwood layer?

answer: Thin

text: Thin

question: Would a thin or a thick sapwood layer be found in a pine tree?

answer: thick

text: thick


text: Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood itself.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Mahayana

text: schools

text: recognize

text: all

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: Sutras

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: sutras

text: became

text: for

text: Mahayanists

text: a

text: manifestation

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: himself

text: and

text: faith

text: in

text: and

text: veneration

text: of

text: those

text: texts

text: are

text: stated

text: in

text: some

text: sutras

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Lotus

text: Sutra

text: and

text: the

text: Mahaparinirvana

text: Sutra

text: to

text: lay

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: the

text: later

text: attainment

text: of

text: Buddhahood

text: itself

question: Mahayana schools recognize all or part of what?

answer: Mahayana Sutras

text: Mahayana Sutras

question: A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?

answer: the Buddha

text: the Buddha

question: Faith in and veneration of Mahayana are stated in what sutras?

answer: Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra

text: Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra


text: Inimitability of the Quran (or "I'jaz") is the belief that no human speech can match the Quran in its content and form. The Quran is considered an inimitable miracle by Muslims, effective until the Day of Resurrection—and, thereby, the central proof granted to Muhammad in authentication of his prophetic status. The concept of inimitability originates in the Quran where in five different verses opponents are challenged to produce something like the Quran: "If men and sprites banded together to produce the like of this Quran they would never produce its like not though they backed one another." So the suggestion is that if there are doubts concerning the divine authorship of the Quran, come forward and create something like it. From the ninth century, numerous works appeared which studied the Quran and examined its style and content. Medieval Muslim scholars including al-Jurjani (d. 1078) and al-Baqillani (d. 1013) have written treatises on the subject, discussed its various aspects, and used linguistic approaches to study the Quran. Others argue that the Quran contains noble ideas, has inner meanings, maintained its freshness through the ages and has caused great transformations in individual level and in the history. Some scholars state that the Quran contains scientific information that agrees with modern science. The doctrine of miraculousness of the Quran is further emphasized by Muhammad's illiteracy since the unlettered prophet could not have been suspected of composing the Quran.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Inimitability

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: or

text: I'jaz

text: is

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: no

text: human

text: speech

text: can

text: match

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: its

text: content

text: and

text: form

text: The

text: Quran

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: inimitable

text: miracle

text: by

text: Muslims

text: effective

text: until

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: Resurrection

text: and

text: thereby

text: the

text: central

text: proof

text: granted

text: to

text: Muhammad

text: in

text: authentication

text: of

text: his

text: prophetic

text: status

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: inimitability

text: originates

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: where

text: in

text: five

text: different

text: verses

text: opponents

text: are

text: challenged

text: to

text: produce

text: something

text: like

text: the

text: Quran

text: If

text: men

text: and

text: sprites

text: banded

text: together

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: like

text: of

text: this

text: Quran

text: they

text: would

text: never

text: produce

text: its

text: like

text: not

text: though

text: they

text: backed

text: one

text: another

text: So

text: the

text: suggestion

text: is

text: that

text: if

text: there

text: are

text: doubts

text: concerning

text: the

text: divine

text: authorship

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: come

text: forward

text: and

text: create

text: something

text: like

text: it

text: From

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: numerous

text: works

text: appeared

text: which

text: studied

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: examined

text: its

text: style

text: and

text: content

text: Medieval

text: Muslim

text: scholars

text: including

text: al

text: Jurjani

text: d.

text: and

text: al

text: Baqillani

text: d.

text: have

text: written

text: treatises

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: discussed

text: its

text: various

text: aspects

text: and

text: used

text: linguistic

text: approaches

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: Quran

text: Others

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: Quran

text: contains

text: noble

text: ideas

text: has

text: inner

text: meanings

text: maintained

text: its

text: freshness

text: through

text: the

text: ages

text: and

text: has

text: caused

text: great

text: transformations

text: in

text: individual

text: level

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: Some

text: scholars

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: Quran

text: contains

text: scientific

text: information

text: that

text: agrees

text: with

text: modern

text: science

text: The

text: doctrine

text: of

text: miraculousness

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: further

text: emphasized

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: illiteracy

text: since

text: the

text: unlettered

text: prophet

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: suspected

text: of

text: composing

text: the

text: Quran

question: What term indicates that the contents of the Quran cannot be reproduced in speech?

answer: I'jaz

text: I'jaz

question: Until what day is the Quran believed to be in effect?

answer: Day of Resurrection

text: Day of Resurrection

question: In which year did the Medieval Muslim scholar al-Baqillani die?

answer: 1013

question: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?

answer: al-Jurjani

text: al-Jurjani


text: Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact).

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Catalan

text: sociolinguistics

text: studies

text: the

text: situation

text: of

text: Catalan

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: different

text: varieties

text: that

text: this

text: language

text: presents

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: subdiscipline

text: of

text: Catalan

text: philology

text: and

text: other

text: affine

text: studies

text: and

text: has

text: as

text: an

text: objective

text: to

text: analyse

text: the

text: relation

text: between

text: the

text: Catalan

text: language

text: the

text: speakers

text: and

text: the

text: close

text: reality

text: including

text: the

text: one

text: of

text: other

text: languages

text: in

text: contact

question: What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world?

answer: Catalan sociolinguistics

text: Catalan sociolinguistics

question: What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan?

answer: Catalan sociolinguistics

text: Catalan sociolinguistics

question: What is this a subdiscipline of?

answer: Catalan philology

text: Catalan philology

question: What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality?

answer: analyse the relation

text: analyse the relation

question: What outside affects does this study include?

answer: other languages in contact

text: other languages in contact


text: Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the United States. For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course. The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Most

text: graduate

text: immunology

text: schools

text: follow

text: the

text: AAI

text: courses

text: immunology

text: which

text: are

text: offered

text: throughout

text: numerous

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: there

text: are

text: several

text: universities

text: that

text: offer

text: the

text: AAI

text: courses

text: immunology

text: Albany

text: Medical

text: College

text: Cornell

text: University

text: Icahn

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: at

text: Mount

text: Sinai

text: New

text: York

text: University

text: Langone

text: Medical

text: Center

text: University

text: at

text: Albany

text: SUNY

text: University

text: at

text: Buffalo

text: SUNY

text: University

text: of

text: Rochester

text: Medical

text: Center

text: and

text: Upstate

text: Medical

text: University

text: SUNY

text: The

text: AAI

text: immunology

text: courses

text: include

text: an

text: Introductory

text: Course

text: and

text: an

text: Advance

text: Course

text: The

text: Introductory

text: Course

text: is

text: a

text: course

text: that

text: gives

text: students

text: an

text: overview

text: of

text: the

text: basics

text: of

text: immunology

question: Most graduate schools specializing in immunology follow what organization's parameters?

answer: AAI courses

text: AAI courses

question: What is the name of the immunology school at Mount Sinai?

answer: Icahn School of Medicine

text: Icahn School of Medicine

question: AAI immunology courses include what two components?

answer: Introductory Course and an Advance Course

text: Introductory Course and an Advance Course

question: What does the introductory AAI immunology course do?

answer: gives students an overview of the basics of immunology

text: gives students an overview of the basics of immunology

question: The Langone Medical Center is part of what college?

answer: New York University

text: New York University


text: The phenomenalist phase of post-Humean empiricism ended by the 1940s, for by that time it had become obvious that statements about physical things could not be translated into statements about actual and possible sense data. If a physical object statement is to be translatable into a sense-data statement, the former must be at least deducible from the latter. But it came to be realized that there is no finite set of statements about actual and possible sense-data from which we can deduce even a single physical-object statement. Remember that the translating or paraphrasing statement must be couched in terms of normal observers in normal conditions of observation. There is, however, no finite set of statements that are couched in purely sensory terms and can express the satisfaction of the condition of the presence of a normal observer. According to phenomenalism, to say that a normal observer is present is to make the hypothetical statement that were a doctor to inspect the observer, the observer would appear to the doctor to be normal. But, of course, the doctor himself must be a normal observer. If we are to specify this doctor's normality in sensory terms, we must make reference to a second doctor who, when inspecting the sense organs of the first doctor, would himself have to have the sense data a normal observer has when inspecting the sense organs of a subject who is a normal observer. And if we are to specify in sensory terms that the second doctor is a normal observer, we must refer to a third doctor, and so on (also see the third man).

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: The

text: phenomenalist

text: phase

text: of

text: post

text: Humean

text: empiricism

text: ended

text: by

text: the

text: for

text: by

text: that

text: time

text: it

text: had

text: become

text: obvious

text: that

text: statements

text: about

text: physical

text: things

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: translated

text: into

text: statements

text: about

text: actual

text: and

text: possible

text: sense

text: data

text: If

text: a

text: physical

text: object

text: statement

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: translatable

text: into

text: a

text: sense

text: data

text: statement

text: the

text: former

text: must

text: be

text: at

text: least

text: deducible

text: from

text: the

text: latter

text: But

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: realized

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: finite

text: set

text: of

text: statements

text: about

text: actual

text: and

text: possible

text: sense

text: data

text: from

text: which

text: we

text: can

text: deduce

text: even

text: a

text: single

text: physical

text: object

text: statement

text: Remember

text: that

text: the

text: translating

text: or

text: paraphrasing

text: statement

text: must

text: be

text: couched

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: normal

text: observers

text: in

text: normal

text: conditions

text: of

text: observation

text: There

text: is

text: however

text: no

text: finite

text: set

text: of

text: statements

text: that

text: are

text: couched

text: in

text: purely

text: sensory

text: terms

text: and

text: can

text: express

text: the

text: satisfaction

text: of

text: the

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: normal

text: observer

text: According

text: to

text: phenomenalism

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: a

text: normal

text: observer

text: is

text: present

text: is

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: hypothetical

text: statement

text: that

text: were

text: a

text: doctor

text: to

text: inspect

text: the

text: observer

text: the

text: observer

text: would

text: appear

text: to

text: the

text: doctor

text: to

text: be

text: normal

text: But

text: of

text: course

text: the

text: doctor

text: himself

text: must

text: be

text: a

text: normal

text: observer

text: If

text: we

text: are

text: to

text: specify

text: this

text: doctor

text: 's

text: normality

text: in

text: sensory

text: terms

text: we

text: must

text: make

text: reference

text: to

text: a

text: second

text: doctor

text: who

text: when

text: inspecting

text: the

text: sense

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: doctor

text: would

text: himself

text: have

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: sense

text: data

text: a

text: normal

text: observer

text: has

text: when

text: inspecting

text: the

text: sense

text: organs

text: of

text: a

text: subject

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: normal

text: observer

text: And

text: if

text: we

text: are

text: to

text: specify

text: in

text: sensory

text: terms

text: that

text: the

text: second

text: doctor

text: is

text: a

text: normal

text: observer

text: we

text: must

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: doctor

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: also

text: see

text: the

text: third

text: man

question: What phase of empiricism ended in the 1940s?

answer: phenomenalist

text: phenomenalist

question: How can't a finite set of statements be described?

answer: in purely sensory terms

text: in purely sensory terms

question: What is necessary to explain a doctor's normality in sensory terms?

answer: a second doctor

text: a second doctor


text: In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cuprum, hence the English copper. Aphrodite and Venus represented copper in mythology and alchemy, because of its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess. The seven heavenly bodies known to the ancients were associated with the seven metals known in antiquity, and Venus was assigned to copper.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: In

text: Greece

text: copper

text: was

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: chalkos

text: χαλκός

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: resource

text: for

text: the

text: Romans

text: Greeks

text: and

text: other

text: ancient

text: peoples

text: In

text: Roman

text: times

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: aes

text: Cyprium

text: aes

text: being

text: the

text: generic

text: Latin

text: term

text: for

text: copper

text: alloys

text: and

text: Cyprium

text: from

text: Cyprus

text: where

text: much

text: copper

text: was

text: mined

text: The

text: phrase

text: was

text: simplified

text: to

text: cuprum

text: hence

text: the

text: English

text: copper

text: Aphrodite

text: and

text: Venus

text: represented

text: copper

text: in

text: mythology

text: and

text: alchemy

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: lustrous

text: beauty

text: its

text: ancient

text: use

text: in

text: producing

text: mirrors

text: and

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: Cyprus

text: which

text: was

text: sacred

text: to

text: the

text: goddess

text: The

text: seven

text: heavenly

text: bodies

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: ancients

text: were

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: seven

text: metals

text: known

text: in

text: antiquity

text: and

text: Venus

text: was

text: assigned

text: to

text: copper

question: What was copper called in Greece?

answer: chalkos

text: chalkos

question: In what area was copper first mined?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

question: What is the Greek goddess that symbolizes copper?

answer: Aphrodite

text: Aphrodite

question: What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper?

answer: Venus

text: Venus

question: What property does copper have that links it to Aphrodite and Venus?

answer: lustrous beauty

text: lustrous beauty


text: Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five federally endangered species–black-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon and white sturgeon and seven threatened species including the grizzly bear, Canadian lynx and bull trout. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish including seven species of trout, walleye and smallmouth bass and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf and bighorn sheep.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: diverse

text: array

text: of

text: fauna

text: that

text: includes

text: amphibian

text: fish

text: mammal

text: reptile

text: and

text: bird

text: species

text: Additionally

text: there

text: are

text: over

text: invertebrate

text: species

text: including

text: mollusks

text: and

text: crustaceans

text: Montana

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: grizzly

text: bear

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: states

text: Montana

text: hosts

text: five

text: federally

text: endangered

text: species

text: black

text: footed

text: ferret

text: whooping

text: crane

text: least

text: tern

text: pallid

text: sturgeon

text: and

text: white

text: sturgeon

text: and

text: seven

text: threatened

text: species

text: including

text: the

text: grizzly

text: bear

text: Canadian

text: lynx

text: and

text: bull

text: trout

text: The

text: Montana

text: Department

text: of

text: Fish

text: Wildlife

text: and

text: Parks

text: manages

text: fishing

text: and

text: hunting

text: seasons

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: species

text: of

text: game

text: fish

text: including

text: seven

text: species

text: of

text: trout

text: walleye

text: and

text: smallmouth

text: bass

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: species

text: of

text: game

text: birds

text: and

text: animals

text: including

text: ring

text: neck

text: pheasant

text: grey

text: partridge

text: elk

text: pronghorn

text: antelope

text: mule

text: deer

text: whitetail

text: deer

text: gray

text: wolf

text: and

text: bighorn

text: sheep

question: How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana?

answer: 90

question: What type of bear does Montana have the highest population of?

answer: grizzly bear

text: grizzly bear

question: How many endangered species are in Montana?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many species of game fish have hunting seasons?

answer: at least 17

text: at least 17


text: In addition to professional team sports, North Carolina has a strong affiliation with NASCAR and stock-car racing, with Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord hosting two Sprint Cup Series races every year. Charlotte also hosts the NASCAR Hall of Fame, while Concord is the home of several top-flight racing teams, including Hendrick Motorsports, Roush Fenway Racing, Richard Petty Motorsports, Stewart-Haas Racing, and Chip Ganassi Racing. Numerous other tracks around North Carolina host races from low-tier NASCAR circuits as well.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: professional

text: team

text: sports

text: North

text: Carolina

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: affiliation

text: with

text: NASCAR

text: and

text: stock

text: car

text: racing

text: with

text: Charlotte

text: Motor

text: Speedway

text: in

text: Concord

text: hosting

text: two

text: Sprint

text: Cup

text: Series

text: races

text: every

text: year

text: Charlotte

text: also

text: hosts

text: the

text: NASCAR

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: while

text: Concord

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: several

text: top

text: flight

text: racing

text: teams

text: including

text: Hendrick

text: Motorsports

text: Roush

text: Fenway

text: Racing

text: Richard

text: Petty

text: Motorsports

text: Stewart

text: Haas

text: Racing

text: and

text: Chip

text: Ganassi

text: Racing

text: Numerous

text: other

text: tracks

text: around

text: North

text: Carolina

text: host

text: races

text: from

text: low

text: tier

text: NASCAR

text: circuits

text: as

text: well

question: What Speedway in North Carolina hosts two Sprint cupseries races each year?

answer: Charlotte Motor Speedway

text: Charlotte Motor Speedway

question: Where is Charlotte motor Speedway located?

answer: Concord

text: Concord

question: What North Carolina city hosts the NASCAR Hall of Fame?

answer: Charlotte

text: Charlotte

question: What North carolina city is home to several top racing teams?

answer: Concord

text: Concord


text: Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Forms

text: of

text: corruption

text: vary

text: but

text: include

text: bribery

text: extortion

text: cronyism

text: nepotism

text: gombeenism

text: parochialism

text: patronage

text: influence

text: peddling

text: graft

text: and

text: embezzlement

text: Corruption

text: may

text: facilitate

text: criminal

text: enterprise

text: such

text: as

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: money

text: laundering

text: and

text: human

text: trafficking

text: though

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: to

text: these

text: activities

text: Misuse

text: of

text: government

text: power

text: for

text: other

text: purposes

text: such

text: as

text: repression

text: of

text: political

text: opponents

text: and

text: general

text: police

text: brutality

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: political

text: corruption

question: Bribery and embezzelment are forms of what?

answer: corruption

text: corruption

question: Drug trafficking and money laundering are considered what?

answer: criminal enterprise

text: criminal enterprise

question: Repression of political opponants and police brutality are forms of political what?

answer: corruption

text: corruption

question: One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what?

answer: nepotism

text: nepotism

question: Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what?

answer: gombeenism

text: gombeenism

question: Three forms of corruption that can promote criminal activities include drugs, money laundering, and what?

answer: human trafficking

text: human trafficking

question: The repression of what is also considered political corruption?

answer: political opponents

text: political opponents


text: Australian rules football and cricket are the most popular sports in Melbourne. It is considered the spiritual home of the two sports in Australia. The first official Test cricket match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877. The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858. The Australian Football League is headquartered at Docklands Stadium. Nine of the League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area: Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, and Western Bulldogs. Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game. Additionally, the city annually hosts the AFL Grand Final.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Australian

text: rules

text: football

text: and

text: cricket

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: sports

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: spiritual

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: sports

text: in

text: Australia

text: The

text: first

text: official

text: Test

text: cricket

text: match

text: was

text: played

text: at

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Cricket

text: Ground

text: in

text: March

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: Australian

text: rules

text: football

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: matches

text: played

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: MCG

text: in

text: The

text: Australian

text: Football

text: League

text: is

text: headquartered

text: at

text: Docklands

text: Stadium

text: Nine

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: 's

text: teams

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Carlton

text: Collingwood

text: Essendon

text: Hawthorn

text: Melbourne

text: North

text: Melbourne

text: Richmond

text: St

text: Kilda

text: and

text: Western

text: Bulldogs

text: Up

text: to

text: five

text: AFL

text: matches

text: are

text: played

text: each

text: week

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: attracting

text: an

text: average

text: people

text: per

text: game

text: Additionally

text: the

text: city

text: annually

text: hosts

text: the

text: AFL

text: Grand

text: Final

question: What are the two most popular sports in Melbourne?

answer: Australian rules football and cricket

text: Australian rules football and cricket

question: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground?

answer: March 1877

text: March 1877

question: Where is the Australian Football League headquartered?

answer: Docklands Stadium

text: Docklands Stadium

question: How many of the Australian Football League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area?

answer: Nine

text: Nine

question: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne?

answer: five

text: five


text: If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: If

text: conditions

text: change

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: pope

text: judges

text: it

text: safe

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: appointment

text: public

text: he

text: may

text: do

text: so

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: The

text: cardinal

text: in

text: question

text: then

text: ranks

text: in

text: precedence

text: with

text: those

text: raised

text: to

text: the

text: cardinalate

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: in

text: pectore

text: appointment

text: If

text: a

text: pope

text: dies

text: before

text: revealing

text: the

text: identity

text: of

text: an

text: in

text: pectore

text: cardinal

text: the

text: cardinalate

text: expires

question: What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies?

answer: the cardinalate expires

text: the cardinalate expires


text: More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: More

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: Muslim

text: Current

text: estimates

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Muslims

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: around

text: billion

text: Muslims

text: are

text: the

text: majority

text: in

text: countries

text: they

text: speak

text: hundreds

text: of

text: languages

text: and

text: come

text: from

text: diverse

text: ethnic

text: backgrounds

text: Major

text: languages

text: spoken

text: by

text: Muslims

text: include

text: Arabic

text: Urdu

text: Bengali

text: Punjabi

text: Malay

text: Javanese

text: Sundanese

text: Swahili

text: Hausa

text: Fula

text: Berber

text: Tuareg

text: Somali

text: Albanian

text: Bosnian

text: Russian

text: Turkish

text: Azeri

text: Kazakh

text: Uzbek

text: Tatar

text: Persian

text: Kurdish

text: Pashto

text: Balochi

text: Sindhi

text: and

text: Kashmiri

text: among

text: many

text: others

question: What percentage of the humans in the world are considered Muslim?

answer: 20%

question: How many Muslims are believed to live on earth?

answer: 1,5 billion

text: 1,5 billion

question: In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?

answer: 49

question: How many languages are spoken by Muslims?

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds


text: It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many of these technologies, such as the Media space, are not as widely used today as videoconferencing but were still an important area of research. The first dedicated systems started to appear in the market as ISDN networks were expanding throughout the world. One of the first commercial videoconferencing systems sold to companies came from PictureTel Corp., which had an Initial Public Offering in November, 1984.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: It

text: was

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: that

text: digital

text: telephony

text: transmission

text: networks

text: became

text: possible

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: ISDN

text: networks

text: assuring

text: a

text: minimum

text: bit

text: rate

text: usually

text: kilobits

text: s

text: for

text: compressed

text: video

text: and

text: audio

text: transmission

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: research

text: into

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: digital

text: video

text: and

text: audio

text: communication

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Media

text: space

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: widely

text: used

text: today

text: as

text: videoconferencing

text: but

text: were

text: still

text: an

text: important

text: area

text: of

text: research

text: The

text: first

text: dedicated

text: systems

text: started

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: market

text: as

text: ISDN

text: networks

text: were

text: expanding

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: commercial

text: videoconferencing

text: systems

text: sold

text: to

text: companies

text: came

text: from

text: PictureTel

text: Corp.

text: which

text: had

text: an

text: Initial

text: Public

text: Offering

text: in

text: November

question: In what decade was digital telephony transmission made possible?

answer: the 1980s

text: the 1980s

question: What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission?

answer: 128 kilobits/s

text: 128 kilobits/s

question: What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication?

answer: the Media space

text: the Media space

question: In what form did the first dedicated videoconferencing system appear as?

answer: ISDN networks

text: ISDN networks

question: What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system?

answer: PictureTel Corp.

text: PictureTel Corp.


text: West in 1930 and later P. G. A. H. Voigt (1940) showed that the early Wente-style condenser microphones contributed to a 4 to 6 dB midrange brilliance or pre-emphasis in the recording chain. This meant that the electrical recording characteristics of Western Electric licensees such as Columbia Records and Victor Talking Machine Company in the 1925 era had a higher amplitude in the midrange region. Brilliance such as this compensated for dullness in many early magnetic pickups having drooping midrange and treble response. As a result, this practice was the empirical beginning of using pre-emphasis above 1,000 Hz in 78 rpm and 33 1⁄3 rpm records.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: West

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: P.

text: G.

text: A.

text: H.

text: Voigt

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: early

text: Wente

text: style

text: condenser

text: microphones

text: contributed

text: to

text: a

text: to

text: dB

text: midrange

text: brilliance

text: or

text: pre

text: emphasis

text: in

text: the

text: recording

text: chain

text: This

text: meant

text: that

text: the

text: electrical

text: recording

text: characteristics

text: of

text: Western

text: Electric

text: licensees

text: such

text: as

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: and

text: Victor

text: Talking

text: Machine

text: Company

text: in

text: the

text: era

text: had

text: a

text: higher

text: amplitude

text: in

text: the

text: midrange

text: region

text: Brilliance

text: such

text: as

text: this

text: compensated

text: for

text: dullness

text: in

text: many

text: early

text: magnetic

text: pickups

text: having

text: drooping

text: midrange

text: and

text: treble

text: response

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: this

text: practice

text: was

text: the

text: empirical

text: beginning

text: of

text: using

text: pre

text: emphasis

text: above

text: Hz

text: in

text: rpm

text: and

text: rpm

text: records

question: Whom found Wente-style condenser microphones helpful?

answer: P. G. A. H. Voigt

text: P. G. A. H. Voigt

question: How were Wente-Style condenser microphones helpful?

answer: pre-emphasis in the recording

text: pre-emphasis in the recording

question: When was a pre-emphasis most useful?

answer: above 1,000 Hz

text: above 1,000 Hz

question: On which recording types were pre-emphasis used most in the 1920s?

answer: 78 rpm and 33 1⁄3 rpm

text: 78 rpm and 33 1⁄3 rpm

question: In which Era was this finding most significant?

answer: 1925 era

text: 1925 era


text: With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: With

text: inches

text: of

text: rainfall

text: May

text: was

text: by

text: far

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: record

text: wettest

text: month

text: since

text: record

text: keeping

text: began

text: in

text: Across

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: Texas

text: generally

text: there

text: was

text: record

text: flooding

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: month

question: When was the most rainfall for Oklahoma city?

answer: May 2015

text: May 2015


text: In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See "Redevelopment" below).

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: In

text: then

text: mayor

text: Richard

text: C.

text: Lee

text: began

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: major

text: urban

text: renewal

text: projects

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Certain

text: sections

text: of

text: downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: were

text: redeveloped

text: to

text: include

text: museums

text: new

text: office

text: towers

text: a

text: hotel

text: and

text: large

text: shopping

text: complexes

text: Other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: were

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Interstate

text: along

text: the

text: Long

text: Wharf

text: section

text: Interstate

text: and

text: the

text: Oak

text: Street

text: Connector

text: The

text: Oak

text: Street

text: Connector

text: Route

text: running

text: between

text: Interstate

text: downtown

text: and

text: The

text: Hill

text: neighborhood

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: as

text: a

text: highway

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: western

text: suburbs

text: but

text: was

text: only

text: completed

text: as

text: a

text: highway

text: to

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: with

text: the

text: area

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: becoming

text: a

text: boulevard

text: See

text: Redevelopment

text: below

question: What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954?

answer: Richard C. Lee

text: Richard C. Lee

question: What major U.S. interstate runs along the Long Wharf section of New Haven?

answer: Interstate 95

text: Interstate 95

question: What New Haven thoroughfare runs between Interstate 95, downtown, and the neighborhood known as The Hill?

answer: The Oak Street Connector

text: The Oak Street Connector

question: What area of New Haven was Route 34 originally intended to service?

answer: the city's western suburbs

text: the city's western suburbs

question: What did the western portion of Route 34 ultimately become?

answer: a boulevard

text: a boulevard

question: What was the name of the mayor that lead the urban development project in New Haven 1954?

answer: Richard C. Lee

text: Richard C. Lee

question: What was of the major urban development that affected several New Haven neighborhood?

answer: construction of Interstate 95

text: construction of Interstate 95

question: During this redevelopment process what happen to the West part of Route 34?

answer: becoming a boulevard

text: becoming a boulevard


text: Transferring GameCube development to the Wii was relatively simple, since the Wii was being created to be compatible with the GameCube.[o] At E3 2005, Nintendo released a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess. They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (then codenamed "Revolution"), but it was not clear to the media if this meant Twilight Princess or a different game.

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: Transferring

text: GameCube

text: development

text: to

text: the

text: Wii

text: was

text: relatively

text: simple

text: since

text: the

text: Wii

text: was

text: being

text: created

text: to

text: be

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: GameCube.[o

text: At

text: Nintendo

text: released

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: game

text: cards

text: containing

text: a

text: preview

text: trailer

text: for

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: They

text: also

text: announced

text: that

text: Zelda

text: would

text: appear

text: on

text: the

text: Wii

text: then

text: codenamed

text: Revolution

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: clear

text: to

text: the

text: media

text: if

text: this

text: meant

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: or

text: a

text: different

text: game

question: What console boasted compatibility with the Wii?

answer: GameCube

text: GameCube

question: Where did Nintendo provide a limited number of Twilight Princess previews?

answer: E3 2005

text: E3 2005

question: At E3 in 2005, what console did Nintendo reveal the next Zelda game would be developed for?

answer: Wii

text: Wii

question: When did Nintendo announce Zelda would appear on the Wii?

answer: At E3 2005

text: At E3 2005


text: On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: January

text: at

text: the

text: third

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: All

text: Russian

text: Congress

text: of

text: Soviets

text: the

text: unrecognized

text: state

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Russian

text: Republic

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Brest

text: Litovsk

text: was

text: signed

text: giving

text: away

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: to

text: Germany

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: peace

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Russian

text: Constitution

text: of

text: renamed

text: the

text: country

text: the

text: Russian

text: Socialist

text: Federative

text: Soviet

text: Republic

text: By

text: during

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: several

text: states

text: within

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: had

text: seceded

text: reducing

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: even

text: more

question: Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?

answer: the Soviet Russian Republic

text: the Soviet Russian Republic

question: To which country did Russia give land during World War I?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War I?

answer: the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

text: the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

question: What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?

answer: the Russian Civil War

text: the Russian Civil War

question: What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?

answer: third

text: third

question: On January 25, 1918, what was the official name given to the Soviet state?

answer: the Soviet Russian Republic

text: the Soviet Russian Republic

question: What did Russia receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

answer: peace in World War I

text: peace in World War I

question: On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?

answer: July 10, 1918

text: July 10, 1918

question: During what 1918 conflict did states secede from Russia?

answer: the Russian Civil War

text: the Russian Civil War


text: As of 2015, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Delhi

text: Municipal

text: Council

text: includes

text: a

text: chairperson

text: three

text: members

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: two

text: members

text: nominated

text: by

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: NCT

text: of

text: Delhi

text: and

text: five

text: members

text: nominated

text: by

text: the

text: central

text: government

question: The government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes three members from what government body?

answer: New Delhi's Legislative Assembly

text: New Delhi's Legislative Assembly

question: What government body is responsible for nominating five members to the New Delhi Municipal Council?

answer: the central government

text: the central government

question: What government official is responsible for nominating two members to the New Delhi Municipal Council?

answer: Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi

text: Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi

question: The Chief Minister of what NCT is responsible for nominating two members to the New Delhi Municipal Council?

answer: NCT of Delhi

text: NCT of Delhi

question: What is the name of the government structure created for New Delhi that is comprised of ten representatives?

answer: New Delhi Municipal Council

text: New Delhi Municipal Council