text: Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation. Language can also be used to signal sexual orientation to others. The meaning of words referencing categories of sexual orientation are negotiated in the mass media in relation to social organization. New words may be brought into use to describe new terms or better describe complex interpretations of sexual orientation. Other words may pick up new layers or meaning. For example, the heterosexual Spanish terms marido and mujer for "husband" and "wife", respectively, have recently been replaced in Spain by the gender-neutral terms cónyuges or consortes meaning "spouses".

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Translation

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: obstacle

text: when

text: comparing

text: different

text: cultures

text: Many

text: English

text: terms

text: lack

text: equivalents

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: while

text: concepts

text: and

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: fail

text: to

text: be

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: Translation

text: and

text: vocabulary

text: obstacles

text: are

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: Language

text: can

text: force

text: individuals

text: to

text: identify

text: with

text: a

text: label

text: that

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: accurately

text: reflect

text: their

text: true

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Language

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: signal

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: to

text: others

text: The

text: meaning

text: of

text: words

text: referencing

text: categories

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: are

text: negotiated

text: in

text: the

text: mass

text: media

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: social

text: organization

text: New

text: words

text: may

text: be

text: brought

text: into

text: use

text: to

text: describe

text: new

text: terms

text: or

text: better

text: describe

text: complex

text: interpretations

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Other

text: words

text: may

text: pick

text: up

text: new

text: layers

text: or

text: meaning

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: heterosexual

text: Spanish

text: terms

text: marido

text: and

text: mujer

text: for

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: respectively

text: have

text: recently

text: been

text: replaced

text: in

text: Spain

text: by

text: the

text: gender

text: neutral

text: terms

text: cónyuges

text: or

text: consortes

text: meaning

text: spouses

question: What tends to be a major obstacle when comparing cultures?

answer: Translation

text: Translation

question: What can force individuals to identify with a label that may not reflect true orientation?

answer: Language

text: Language

question: Where are the meanings of words negotiated?

answer: mass media

text: mass media

question: What can be brought into play to describe interpretations of sexual orientation?

answer: New words

text: New words

question: What is a major hurdle when studying different cultures?

answer: Translation

text: Translation

question: Why does translation cause such issues among different cultures?

answer: English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language.

text: English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language.

question: What problems can arise due to translation issues?

answer: can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation

text: can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation

question: What can be used to signal sexual idenitys to others?

answer: Language

text: Language


text: Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Harper University Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Kresge Eye Institute, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute. The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit. The center is staffed by physicians from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the United States' fourth largest medical school overall.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Detroit

text: there

text: are

text: over

text: a

text: dozen

text: major

text: hospitals

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Medical

text: Center

text: DMC

text: Henry

text: Ford

text: Health

text: System

text: St.

text: John

text: Health

text: System

text: and

text: the

text: John

text: D.

text: Dingell

text: VA

text: Medical

text: Center

text: The

text: DMC

text: a

text: regional

text: Level

text: I

text: trauma

text: center

text: consists

text: of

text: Detroit

text: Receiving

text: Hospital

text: and

text: University

text: Health

text: Center

text: Children

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: of

text: Michigan

text: Harper

text: University

text: Hospital

text: Hutzel

text: Women

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: Kresge

text: Eye

text: Institute

text: Rehabilitation

text: Institute

text: of

text: Michigan

text: Sinai

text: Grace

text: Hospital

text: and

text: the

text: Karmanos

text: Cancer

text: Institute

text: The

text: DMC

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: licensed

text: beds

text: and

text: affiliated

text: physicians

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: private

text: employer

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Detroit

text: The

text: center

text: is

text: staffed

text: by

text: physicians

text: from

text: the

text: Wayne

text: State

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: the

text: largest

text: single

text: campus

text: medical

text: school

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: fourth

text: largest

text: medical

text: school

text: overall

question: How many major hospitals are in Detroit?

answer: over a dozen

text: over a dozen

question: What is the Detroit VA hospital called?

answer: John D. Dingell

text: John D. Dingell

question: How many affiliated physicians does the DMC have?

answer: 3,000

question: How many beds does the DMC have?

answer: 2,000

question: Who is the largest private employer in Detroit?

answer: DMC

text: DMC


text: Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems, Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Though

text: earlier

text: approaches

text: to

text: translation

text: are

text: less

text: commonly

text: used

text: today

text: they

text: retain

text: importance

text: when

text: dealing

text: with

text: their

text: products

text: as

text: when

text: historians

text: view

text: ancient

text: or

text: medieval

text: records

text: to

text: piece

text: together

text: events

text: which

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: non

text: Western

text: or

text: pre

text: Western

text: environments

text: Also

text: though

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: Western

text: traditions

text: and

text: practiced

text: by

text: translators

text: taught

text: in

text: Western

text: style

text: educational

text: systems

text: Chinese

text: and

text: related

text: translation

text: traditions

text: retain

text: some

text: theories

text: and

text: philosophies

text: unique

text: to

text: the

text: Chinese

text: tradition

question: When it comes to translation, what is less commonly used today?

answer: earlier approaches

text: earlier approaches

question: When do earlier approaches to translation still have relevance for historians?

answer: when historians view ancient or medieval records

text: when historians view ancient or medieval records

question: What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments?

answer: events

text: events

question: What do Chinese and related translations retain unique to their tradition?

answer: theories and philosophies

text: theories and philosophies


text: The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Guam

text: is

text: miles

text: km

text: long

text: and

text: to

text: miles

text: to

text: km

text: wide

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Singapore

text: The

text: island

text: experiences

text: occasional

text: earthquakes

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Plate

text: and

text: near

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: Plate

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: earthquakes

text: with

text: epicenters

text: near

text: Guam

text: have

text: had

text: magnitudes

text: ranging

text: from

text: to

text: Unlike

text: the

text: Anatahan

text: volcano

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: Guam

text: is

text: not

text: volcanically

text: active

text: However

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: Anatahan

text: vog

text: i.e.

text: volcanic

text: smog

text: does

text: occasionally

text: affect

text: Guam

question: How many miles is Guam across?

answer: 30 miles

text: 30 miles

question: What natural disaster that is not predictable does Guam have to worry about?

answer: earthquakes

text: earthquakes

question: Due to Guam being so close to Anatahan, what dod they have to worry about?

answer: volcanic smog

text: volcanic smog


text: By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: were

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: powerful

text: nations

text: dominated

text: by

text: German

text: speaking

text: elites

text: Both

text: sought

text: to

text: expand

text: their

text: influence

text: and

text: territory

text: The

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: like

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: a

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: state

text: but

text: German

text: speaking

text: people

text: there

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: an

text: absolute

text: numerical

text: majority

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: was

text: one

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: growing

text: nationalism

text: of

text: other

text: ethnicities

text: especially

text: the

text: Hungarians

text: Prussia

text: under

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: would

text: ride

text: on

text: the

text: coat

text: tails

text: of

text: nationalism

text: to

text: unite

text: all

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Germany

text: The

text: German

text: Empire

text: Second

text: Reich

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: proclamation

text: of

text: Wilhelm

text: I

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: a

text: union

text: of

text: German

text: speaking

text: states

text: while

text: disregarding

text: millions

text: of

text: its

text: non

text: German

text: subjects

text: who

text: desired

text: self

text: determination

text: from

text: German

text: rule

question: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?

answer: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire

text: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire

question: When was the German Empire created?

answer: 1871

question: Who was Wilhelm I?

answer: head of a union of German-speaking states

text: head of a union of German-speaking states

question: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?

answer: influence and territory

text: influence and territory

question: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?

answer: The Austrian Empire

text: The Austrian Empire


text: By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously. To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's "New Policies", also known as the "Late Qing Reform". The edict paved the way for the most far-reaching reforms in terms of their social consequences, including the creation of a national education system and the abolition of the imperial examinations in 1905.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: mass

text: civil

text: disorder

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: growing

text: continuously

text: To

text: overcome

text: such

text: problems

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Cixi

text: issued

text: an

text: imperial

text: edict

text: in

text: calling

text: for

text: reform

text: proposals

text: from

text: the

text: governors

text: general

text: and

text: governors

text: and

text: initiated

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: New

text: Policies

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Late

text: Qing

text: Reform

text: The

text: edict

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: far

text: reaching

text: reforms

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: social

text: consequences

text: including

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: national

text: education

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: examinations

text: in

question: What did Cixi do in 1901?

answer: issued an imperial edict

text: issued an imperial edict

question: What were the governments New Policies also called?

answer: "Late Qing Reform"

text: "Late Qing Reform"

question: When were imperial examinations halted?

answer: 1905


text: On 20 April 1992, The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert was held at London's Wembley Stadium to a 72,000-strong crowd. Performers, including Def Leppard, Robert Plant, Guns N' Roses, Elton John, David Bowie, George Michael, Annie Lennox, Seal, Extreme, and Metallica performed various Queen songs along with the three remaining Queen members (and Spike Edney.) The concert is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as "The largest rock star benefit concert", as it was televised to over 1.2 billion viewers worldwide, and raised over £20,000,000 for AIDS charities.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: On

text: April

text: The

text: Freddie

text: Mercury

text: Tribute

text: Concert

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: London

text: 's

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: to

text: a

text: crowd

text: Performers

text: including

text: Def

text: Leppard

text: Robert

text: Plant

text: Guns

text: N

text: Roses

text: Elton

text: John

text: David

text: Bowie

text: George

text: Michael

text: Annie

text: Lennox

text: Seal

text: Extreme

text: and

text: Metallica

text: performed

text: various

text: Queen

text: songs

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: three

text: remaining

text: Queen

text: members

text: and

text: Spike

text: Edney

text: The

text: concert

text: is

text: listed

text: in

text: the

text: Guinness

text: Book

text: of

text: Records

text: as

text: The

text: largest

text: rock

text: star

text: benefit

text: concert

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: televised

text: to

text: over

text: billion

text: viewers

text: worldwide

text: and

text: raised

text: over

text: for

text: AIDS

text: charities

question: When was the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert held?

answer: 20 April 1992

text: 20 April 1992

question: Where was the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert held?

answer: London's Wembley Stadium

text: London's Wembley Stadium

question: How many people attended the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert?

answer: 72,000

question: Which band was he largest benefit concert in history about?

answer: Queen

text: Queen

question: How many viewers did the largest rock star benefit concert attract?

answer: 1.2 billion viewers worldwide

text: 1.2 billion viewers worldwide


text: Many long-distance migrants appear to be genetically programmed to respond to changing day length. Species that move short distances, however, may not need such a timing mechanism, instead moving in response to local weather conditions. Thus mountain and moorland breeders, such as wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria and white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus, may move only altitudinally to escape the cold higher ground. Other species such as merlin Falco columbarius and Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis move further, to the coast or towards the south. Species like the chaffinch are much less migratory in Britain than those of continental Europe, mostly not moving more than 5 km in their lives.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Many

text: long

text: distance

text: migrants

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: genetically

text: programmed

text: to

text: respond

text: to

text: changing

text: day

text: length

text: Species

text: that

text: move

text: short

text: distances

text: however

text: may

text: not

text: need

text: such

text: a

text: timing

text: mechanism

text: instead

text: moving

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: local

text: weather

text: conditions

text: Thus

text: mountain

text: and

text: moorland

text: breeders

text: such

text: as

text: wallcreeper

text: Tichodroma

text: muraria

text: and

text: white

text: throated

text: dipper

text: Cinclus

text: cinclus

text: may

text: move

text: only

text: altitudinally

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: cold

text: higher

text: ground

text: Other

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: merlin

text: Falco

text: columbarius

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: skylark

text: Alauda

text: arvensis

text: move

text: further

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: or

text: towards

text: the

text: south

text: Species

text: like

text: the

text: chaffinch

text: are

text: much

text: less

text: migratory

text: in

text: Britain

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: mostly

text: not

text: moving

text: more

text: than

text: km

text: in

text: their

text: lives

question: What are many long distance migrants genetically programmed to do?

answer: respond to changing day length

text: respond to changing day length

question: How do species that move short distances know when to migrate?

answer: response to local weather conditions

text: response to local weather conditions

question: Why do mountain and moorland breeders move only altitudinally?

answer: to escape the cold higher ground

text: to escape the cold higher ground

question: Where do the merlin Falco columbarius migrate to?

answer: the coast or towards the south

text: the coast or towards the south

question: How far do British chaffinch more in their lives?

answer: 5 km

text: 5 km


text: From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The distinction between Han Chinese and Manchus extended to their court costumes. During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a small circular emblem on the back, whereas Han officials wore clothing with a square emblem.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: From

text: the

text: early

text: Qing

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: dual

text: appointments

text: by

text: which

text: each

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: had

text: a

text: Manchu

text: and

text: a

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: assigned

text: to

text: it

text: The

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: appointee

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: substantive

text: work

text: and

text: the

text: Manchu

text: to

text: ensure

text: Han

text: loyalty

text: to

text: Qing

text: rule

text: The

text: distinction

text: between

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Manchus

text: extended

text: to

text: their

text: court

text: costumes

text: During

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: reign

text: for

text: example

text: members

text: of

text: his

text: family

text: were

text: distinguished

text: by

text: garments

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: circular

text: emblem

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: whereas

text: Han

text: officials

text: wore

text: clothing

text: with

text: a

text: square

text: emblem

question: What shape of emblem signified a Han official?

answer: square emblem

text: square emblem

question: What shape of emblam signified members of the royal family?

answer: circular

text: circular

question: Which two ethnicities made up each position in government?

answer: Manchu and a Han Chinese

text: Manchu and a Han Chinese


text: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, Melbourne is, owing to the rain shadow of the Otway Ranges, nonetheless drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, however, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 millimetres (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 millimetres (49 in) on the eastern fringe at Gembrook. Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F).

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Port

text: Phillip

text: is

text: often

text: warmer

text: than

text: the

text: surrounding

text: oceans

text: and/or

text: the

text: land

text: mass

text: particularly

text: in

text: spring

text: and

text: autumn

text: this

text: can

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: bay

text: effect

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: lake

text: effect

text: seen

text: in

text: colder

text: climates

text: where

text: showers

text: are

text: intensified

text: leeward

text: of

text: the

text: bay

text: Relatively

text: narrow

text: streams

text: of

text: heavy

text: showers

text: can

text: often

text: affect

text: the

text: same

text: places

text: usually

text: the

text: eastern

text: suburbs

text: for

text: an

text: extended

text: period

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: surrounds

text: stays

text: dry

text: Overall

text: Melbourne

text: is

text: owing

text: to

text: the

text: rain

text: shadow

text: of

text: the

text: Otway

text: Ranges

text: nonetheless

text: drier

text: than

text: average

text: for

text: southern

text: Victoria

text: Within

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: surrounds

text: however

text: rainfall

text: varies

text: widely

text: from

text: around

text: millimetres

text: in

text: at

text: Little

text: River

text: to

text: millimetres

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: fringe

text: at

text: Gembrook

text: Melbourne

text: receives

text: clear

text: days

text: annually

text: Dewpoint

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: range

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: to

text: C

text: F

question: Approximately how many sunny days does Melbourne receive annually?

answer: 48.6

question: What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer?

answer: 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)

text: 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)

question: Which suburbs usually are affected by relatively narrow streams of heavy showers?

answer: eastern suburbs

text: eastern suburbs

question: Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass?

answer: warmer

text: warmer


text: The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the Professional Basketball Club LLC, a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at the Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: NBA

text: 's

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Hornets

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: league

text: sports

text: franchise

text: based

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: when

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: relocate

text: to

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: Ford

text: Center

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Chesapeake

text: Energy

text: Arena

text: for

text: two

text: seasons

text: following

text: Hurricane

text: Katrina

text: in

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: Seattle

text: SuperSonics

text: a

text: franchise

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Professional

text: Basketball

text: Club

text: LLC

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: businessmen

text: led

text: by

text: Clayton

text: Bennett

text: relocated

text: to

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: announced

text: that

text: play

text: would

text: begin

text: at

text: the

text: Ford

text: Center

text: as

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Thunder

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: becoming

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: first

text: permanent

text: major

text: league

text: franchise

question: Which NBA team temporarily relocated to Oklahoma?

answer: New Orleans Hornets

text: New Orleans Hornets

question: Where did the temporary NBA team play in Oklahoma?

answer: Oklahoma City's Ford Center

text: Oklahoma City's Ford Center

question: What caused the temporary NBA team to relocate to Oklahoma?

answer: Hurricane Katrina

text: Hurricane Katrina

question: What was the Thunder's previous name?

answer: Seattle SuperSonics

text: Seattle SuperSonics

question: Who owns the Thunder?

answer: Professional Basketball Club LLC

text: Professional Basketball Club LLC


text: The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasaki and Amano were awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in physics for their work. In 1995, Alberto Barbieri at the Cardiff University Laboratory (GB) investigated the efficiency and reliability of high-brightness LEDs and demonstrated a "transparent contact" LED using indium tin oxide (ITO) on (AlGaInP/GaAs).

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: The

text: first

text: high

text: brightness

text: blue

text: LED

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: Shuji

text: Nakamura

text: of

text: Nichia

text: Corporation

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: InGaN.

text: In

text: parallel

text: Isamu

text: Akasaki

text: and

text: Hiroshi

text: Amano

text: in

text: Nagoya

text: were

text: working

text: on

text: developing

text: the

text: important

text: GaN

text: nucleation

text: on

text: sapphire

text: substrates

text: and

text: the

text: demonstration

text: of

text: p

text: type

text: doping

text: of

text: GaN.

text: Nakamura

text: Akasaki

text: and

text: Amano

text: were

text: awarded

text: the

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: in

text: physics

text: for

text: their

text: work

text: In

text: Alberto

text: Barbieri

text: at

text: the

text: Cardiff

text: University

text: Laboratory

text: GB

text: investigated

text: the

text: efficiency

text: and

text: reliability

text: of

text: high

text: brightness

text: LEDs

text: and

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: transparent

text: contact

text: LED

text: using

text: indium

text: tin

text: oxide

text: ITO

text: on

text: AlGaInP

text: GaAs

question: What color LED was demonstrated in 1994?

answer: blue

text: blue

question: Who demonstrated the first blue LED?

answer: Shuji Nakamura

text: Shuji Nakamura

question: What did Nakamura, Akasaki, and Amano receive for their work?

answer: 2014 Nobel prize in physics

text: 2014 Nobel prize in physics

question: Who investigated the efficiency of high-brightness LED at Cardiff University in 1995?

answer: Alberto Barbieri

text: Alberto Barbieri

question: What substance did Barbieri use in his work with high-brightness LED?

answer: indium tin oxide

text: indium tin oxide


text: The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to leave the pub, making policing easier. In practice, alcohol-related hospital admissions rose following the change in the law, with alcohol involved in 207,800 admissions in 2006/7. Critics claimed that these laws would lead to "24-hour drinking". By the time the law came into effect, 60,326 establishments had applied for longer hours and 1,121 had applied for a licence to sell alcohol 24 hours a day. However nine months later many pubs had not changed their hours, although some stayed open longer at the weekend, but rarely beyond 1:00 am.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: Licensing

text: Act

text: which

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: on

text: November

text: consolidated

text: the

text: many

text: laws

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: Act

text: This

text: allowed

text: pubs

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: council

text: for

text: the

text: opening

text: hours

text: of

text: their

text: choice

text: It

text: was

text: argued

text: that

text: this

text: would

text: end

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: violence

text: around

text: pm

text: when

text: people

text: had

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: pub

text: making

text: policing

text: easier

text: In

text: practice

text: alcohol

text: related

text: hospital

text: admissions

text: rose

text: following

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: law

text: with

text: alcohol

text: involved

text: in

text: admissions

text: in

text: Critics

text: claimed

text: that

text: these

text: laws

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: drinking

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: law

text: came

text: into

text: effect

text: establishments

text: had

text: applied

text: for

text: longer

text: hours

text: and

text: had

text: applied

text: for

text: a

text: licence

text: to

text: sell

text: alcohol

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: However

text: nine

text: months

text: later

text: many

text: pubs

text: had

text: not

text: changed

text: their

text: hours

text: although

text: some

text: stayed

text: open

text: longer

text: at

text: the

text: weekend

text: but

text: rarely

text: beyond

text: am

question: When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect?

answer: 24 November 2005

text: 24 November 2005

question: After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?

answer: the local council

text: the local council

question: Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs?

answer: 11.30 pm

text: 11.30 pm

question: How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?

answer: 207,800

question: How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol 24 hours a day?

answer: 1,121


text: West's musical career has been defined by frequent stylistic shifts, and has seen him develop and explore a variety of different musical approaches and genres throughout his work. When asked about his musical inspirations, he has named A Tribe Called Quest, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, George Michael, LL Cool J, Phil Collins and Madonna as early interests. He has further described musician David Bowie as one of his "most important inspirations," and named producer Puff Daddy as the "most important cultural figure in my life." Early in his career, West pioneered a style of production dubbed "chipmunk soul" which utilized pitched-up vocal samples, usually from soul and R&B songs, along with his own drums and instrumentation. His first major release featuring his trademark soulful vocal sampling style was "This Can't Be Life", a track from Jay-Z’s The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West has said that Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA influenced him in his style, and has named Wu-Tang rappers Ghostface Killah and Ol' Dirty Bastard as inspirations. RZA spoke positively of the comparisons, stating in an interview for Rolling Stone, "All good. I got super respect for Kanye [...] [he] is going to inspire people to be like him." West further developed his style on his 2004 debut album, The College Dropout. After a rough version was leaked, he meticulously refined the production, adding string arrangements, gospel choirs, and improved drum programming.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: 's

text: musical

text: career

text: has

text: been

text: defined

text: by

text: frequent

text: stylistic

text: shifts

text: and

text: has

text: seen

text: him

text: develop

text: and

text: explore

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: musical

text: approaches

text: and

text: genres

text: throughout

text: his

text: work

text: When

text: asked

text: about

text: his

text: musical

text: inspirations

text: he

text: has

text: named

text: A

text: Tribe

text: Called

text: Quest

text: Stevie

text: Wonder

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: George

text: Michael

text: LL

text: Cool

text: J

text: Phil

text: Collins

text: and

text: Madonna

text: as

text: early

text: interests

text: He

text: has

text: further

text: described

text: musician

text: David

text: Bowie

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: important

text: inspirations

text: and

text: named

text: producer

text: Puff

text: Daddy

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: cultural

text: figure

text: in

text: my

text: life

text: Early

text: in

text: his

text: career

text: West

text: pioneered

text: a

text: style

text: of

text: production

text: dubbed

text: chipmunk

text: soul

text: which

text: utilized

text: pitched

text: up

text: vocal

text: samples

text: usually

text: from

text: soul

text: and

text: R&B

text: songs

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: drums

text: and

text: instrumentation

text: His

text: first

text: major

text: release

text: featuring

text: his

text: trademark

text: soulful

text: vocal

text: sampling

text: style

text: was

text: This

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Be

text: Life

text: a

text: track

text: from

text: Jay

text: Z

text: ’s

text: The

text: Dynasty

text: Roc

text: La

text: Familia

text: West

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: Wu

text: Tang

text: Clan

text: producer

text: RZA

text: influenced

text: him

text: in

text: his

text: style

text: and

text: has

text: named

text: Wu

text: Tang

text: rappers

text: Ghostface

text: Killah

text: and

text: Ol'

text: Dirty

text: Bastard

text: as

text: inspirations

text: RZA

text: spoke

text: positively

text: of

text: the

text: comparisons

text: stating

text: in

text: an

text: interview

text: for

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: All

text: good

text: I

text: got

text: super

text: respect

text: for

text: Kanye

text: he

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: inspire

text: people

text: to

text: be

text: like

text: him

text: West

text: further

text: developed

text: his

text: style

text: on

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: After

text: a

text: rough

text: version

text: was

text: leaked

text: he

text: meticulously

text: refined

text: the

text: production

text: adding

text: string

text: arrangements

text: gospel

text: choirs

text: and

text: improved

text: drum

text: programming

question: What English musician did Kanye cite as one of his biggest inspirations?

answer: David Bowie

text: David Bowie

question: Kanye has stated that members from which rap group influenced his early style?

answer: Wu-Tang Clan

text: Wu-Tang Clan

question: What name did Kanye's early production style coin.

answer: chipmunk soul

text: chipmunk soul

question: What artist was named by Kanye West to be his "most important inspiration"?

answer: David Bowie

text: David Bowie

question: Who was Kanye's greatest cultural figure?

answer: Puff Daddy

text: Puff Daddy

question: What was the name of the song that first featured Kanye's "chipmunk soul" style?

answer: "This Can't Be Life"

text: "This Can't Be Life"


text: In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator circuit. Although DVD players were capable of playing Dolby Digital tracks, the signal out of DVD player were not in a modulated form and not compatible with the inputs designed for LaserDisc AC-3. Outboard demodulators were available for a period that convert the AC-3 signal to standard Dolby Digital signal that was compatible with the standard Dolby Digital/PCM inputs on capable AV receivers. Another type marketed by Onkyo and others converted the RF AC-3 signal to 6-channel analog audio.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: many

text: higher

text: end

text: AV

text: receivers

text: included

text: the

text: demodulator

text: circuit

text: specifically

text: for

text: the

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: RF

text: modulated

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: signal

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: with

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: and

text: disc

text: sales

text: declining

text: due

text: to

text: DVD

text: 's

text: growing

text: popularity

text: the

text: AV

text: receiver

text: manufacturers

text: removed

text: the

text: demodulator

text: circuit

text: Although

text: DVD

text: players

text: were

text: capable

text: of

text: playing

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: tracks

text: the

text: signal

text: out

text: of

text: DVD

text: player

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: a

text: modulated

text: form

text: and

text: not

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: inputs

text: designed

text: for

text: LaserDisc

text: Outboard

text: demodulators

text: were

text: available

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: that

text: convert

text: the

text: signal

text: to

text: standard

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: signal

text: that

text: was

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: standard

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: PCM

text: inputs

text: on

text: capable

text: AV

text: receivers

text: Another

text: type

text: marketed

text: by

text: Onkyo

text: and

text: others

text: converted

text: the

text: RF

text: signal

text: to

text: analog

text: audio

question: What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline?

answer: DVD's growing popularity

text: DVD's growing popularity

question: Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models?

answer: higher-end

text: higher-end

question: What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to?

answer: 6-channel analog audio

text: 6-channel analog audio


text: To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Zagros

text: basin

text: experience

text: lower

text: temperatures

text: severe

text: winters

text: with

text: below

text: zero

text: average

text: daily

text: temperatures

text: and

text: heavy

text: snowfall

text: The

text: eastern

text: and

text: central

text: basins

text: are

text: arid

text: with

text: less

text: than

text: mm

text: in

text: of

text: rain

text: and

text: have

text: occasional

text: deserts

text: Average

text: summer

text: temperatures

text: rarely

text: exceed

text: C

text: F

text: The

text: coastal

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: southern

text: Iran

text: have

text: mild

text: winters

text: and

text: very

text: humid

text: and

text: hot

text: summers

text: The

text: annual

text: precipitation

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

question: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer?

answer: 38 °C (100.4 °F)

text: 38 °C (100.4 °F)

question: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?

answer: below zero

text: below zero

question: The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?

answer: less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain

text: less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain

question: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?

answer: 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)

text: 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)


text: The ancient history of Kathmandu is described in its traditional myths and legends. According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes. The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and he established a city called Manjupattan and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land. After sometimes, a demon named Banasur closed the outlet and the valley was again a lake. Then lots Krishna came to Nepal, killed Banasur and again drained out water. He has brought some Gops with him and made Bhuktaman the king of Nepal.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: ancient

text: history

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: described

text: in

text: its

text: traditional

text: myths

text: and

text: legends

text: According

text: to

text: Swayambhu

text: Purana

text: present

text: day

text: Kathmandu

text: was

text: once

text: a

text: huge

text: and

text: deep

text: lake

text: names

text: Nagdaha

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: full

text: of

text: snakes

text: The

text: lake

text: was

text: cut

text: drained

text: by

text: Bodhisatwa

text: Manjusri

text: with

text: his

text: sword

text: and

text: the

text: water

text: was

text: evacuated

text: out

text: from

text: there

text: and

text: he

text: established

text: a

text: city

text: called

text: Manjupattan

text: and

text: made

text: Dharmakar

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: land

text: After

text: sometimes

text: a

text: demon

text: named

text: Banasur

text: closed

text: the

text: outlet

text: and

text: the

text: valley

text: was

text: again

text: a

text: lake

text: Then

text: lots

text: Krishna

text: came

text: to

text: Nepal

text: killed

text: Banasur

text: and

text: again

text: drained

text: out

text: water

text: He

text: has

text: brought

text: some

text: Gops

text: with

text: him

text: and

text: made

text: Bhuktaman

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Nepal

question: According to legend, what body of water once existed on the site of Kathmandu?

answer: lake

text: lake

question: What animals notably resided in Nagdaha?

answer: snakes

text: snakes

question: Who was the founder of Manjupattan?

answer: Bodhisatwa Manjusri

text: Bodhisatwa Manjusri

question: What type of creature was Banasur?

answer: demon

text: demon

question: Who was Banasur's murderer?

answer: Krishna

text: Krishna


text: Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Historically

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: work

text: has

text: been

text: most

text: influential

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: American

text: progressive

text: theology

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: early

text: proponent

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: thought

text: in

text: a

text: theological

text: context

text: was

text: Charles

text: Hartshorne

text: who

text: spent

text: a

text: semester

text: at

text: Harvard

text: as

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: teaching

text: assistant

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: credited

text: with

text: developing

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: process

text: philosophy

text: into

text: a

text: full

text: blown

text: process

text: theology

text: Other

text: notable

text: process

text: theologians

text: include

text: John

text: B.

text: Cobb

text: Jr.

text: David

text: Ray

text: Griffin

text: Marjorie

text: Hewitt

text: Suchocki

text: C.

text: Robert

text: Mesle

text: Roland

text: Faber

text: and

text: Catherine

text: Keller

question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?

answer: American progressive theology

text: American progressive theology

question: Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?

answer: Charles Hartshorne

text: Charles Hartshorne

question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?

answer: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology

text: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology

question: Who are some other distinguished process theologians?

answer: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller

text: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller


text: Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a historic day for the peasant and indigenous movement", saying that, though he might make errors, he would "never betray the fight started by our ancestors and the fight of the Bolivian people". A vote on further autonomy will take place in referendums which are expected to be held in December 2009. The issue has divided the country.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Morales

text: began

text: work

text: on

text: his

text: indigenous

text: autonomy

text: policy

text: which

text: he

text: launched

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: lowlands

text: department

text: on

text: August

text: making

text: Bolivia

text: the

text: first

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: to

text: affirm

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: indigenous

text: people

text: to

text: govern

text: themselves

text: Speaking

text: in

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: Department

text: the

text: President

text: called

text: it

text: a

text: historic

text: day

text: for

text: the

text: peasant

text: and

text: indigenous

text: movement

text: saying

text: that

text: though

text: he

text: might

text: make

text: errors

text: he

text: would

text: never

text: betray

text: the

text: fight

text: started

text: by

text: our

text: ancestors

text: and

text: the

text: fight

text: of

text: the

text: Bolivian

text: people

text: A

text: vote

text: on

text: further

text: autonomy

text: will

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: referendums

text: which

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: December

text: The

text: issue

text: has

text: divided

text: the

text: country

question: Who came up with a policy for indigenous autonomy?

answer: Morales

text: Morales

question: When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands?

answer: 2009

question: What was Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to do?

answer: affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves

text: affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves

question: What did the President vow he would never betray?

answer: fight

text: fight

question: What effect has the issue of indigenous autonomy had on Bolivia?

answer: divided

text: divided

question: Who came up with a policy for indigenous autonomy?

answer: Morales

text: Morales

question: When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands?

answer: 2009

question: What was Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to do?

answer: affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves

text: affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves

question: What did the President vow he would never betray?

answer: fight

text: fight

question: What effect has the issue of indigenous autonomy had on Bolivia?

answer: divided

text: divided


text: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews").

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: The

text: identification

text: of

text: Jesus

text: as

text: the

text: Messiah

text: is

text: not

text: accepted

text: by

text: Judaism

text: The

text: term

text: for

text: a

text: Christian

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: is

text: נוּצְרי

text: Notzri—"Nazarene

text: a

text: Talmudic

text: term

text: originally

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Jesus

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: Galilean

text: village

text: of

text: Nazareth

text: today

text: in

text: northern

text: Israel

text: Adherents

text: of

text: Messianic

text: Judaism

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: modern

text: Hebrew

text: as

text: יְהוּדִים

text: מָשִׁיחַיים

text: Yehudim

text: Meshihi'im—"Messianic

text: Jews

question: Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?

answer: Messiah

text: Messiah

question: What village did Jesus come from?

answer: Galilean village

text: Galilean village

question: Where was the Galilean village?

answer: Nazareth

text: Nazareth

question: Where is Nazareth located?

answer: northern Israel

text: northern Israel


text: Bohr also introduced the quantity , now known as the reduced Planck constant, as the quantum of angular momentum. At first, Bohr thought that this was the angular momentum of each electron in an atom: this proved incorrect and, despite developments by Sommerfeld and others, an accurate description of the electron angular momentum proved beyond the Bohr model. The correct quantization rules for electrons – in which the energy reduces to the Bohr model equation in the case of the hydrogen atom – were given by Heisenberg's matrix mechanics in 1925 and the Schrödinger wave equation in 1926: the reduced Planck constant remains the fundamental quantum of angular momentum. In modern terms, if J is the total angular momentum of a system with rotational invariance, and Jz the angular momentum measured along any given direction, these quantities can only take on the values

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: Bohr

text: also

text: introduced

text: the

text: quantity

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

text: as

text: the

text: quantum

text: of

text: angular

text: momentum

text: At

text: first

text: Bohr

text: thought

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: angular

text: momentum

text: of

text: each

text: electron

text: in

text: an

text: atom

text: this

text: proved

text: incorrect

text: and

text: despite

text: developments

text: by

text: Sommerfeld

text: and

text: others

text: an

text: accurate

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: angular

text: momentum

text: proved

text: beyond

text: the

text: Bohr

text: model

text: The

text: correct

text: quantization

text: rules

text: for

text: electrons

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: energy

text: reduces

text: to

text: the

text: Bohr

text: model

text: equation

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: atom

text: were

text: given

text: by

text: Heisenberg

text: 's

text: matrix

text: mechanics

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Schrödinger

text: wave

text: equation

text: in

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

text: remains

text: the

text: fundamental

text: quantum

text: of

text: angular

text: momentum

text: In

text: modern

text: terms

text: if

text: J

text: is

text: the

text: total

text: angular

text: momentum

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: with

text: rotational

text: invariance

text: and

text: Jz

text: the

text: angular

text: momentum

text: measured

text: along

text: any

text: given

text: direction

text: these

text: quantities

text: can

text: only

text: take

text: on

text: the

text: values

question: Who introduced the reduced Planck constant?

answer: Bohr

text: Bohr

question: What is the reduced Planck constant also known as?

answer: the quantity

text: the quantity

question: Who helped to give the correct quantization rules for electrons in 1925?

answer: Heisenberg

text: Heisenberg

question: Who helped to give the correct quantization rules for electrons in 1926?

answer: Schrödinger

text: Schrödinger

question: According to Heisenberg and Schrödinger, the reduced Planck constant remains what?

answer: the fundamental quantum of angular momentum

text: the fundamental quantum of angular momentum

question: Bohr introduced what value as the quantum of angular momentum?

answer: the reduced Planck constant

text: the reduced Planck constant

question: What incorrect belief did Bohr hold about the reduced Planck constant?

answer: Bohr thought that this was the angular momentum of each electron in an atom

text: Bohr thought that this was the angular momentum of each electron in an atom

question: What scientist used matrix mechanics to bring electron behavior in line with the Bohr model?

answer: Heisenberg

text: Heisenberg

question: When was the Schrödinger wave equation proposed?

answer: 1926


text: With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 2000s. The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These so-called smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have become the dominant computing device on the market, with manufacturers reporting having shipped an estimated 237 million devices in 2Q 2013.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: With

text: the

text: continued

text: miniaturization

text: of

text: computing

text: resources

text: and

text: advancements

text: in

text: portable

text: battery

text: life

text: portable

text: computers

text: grew

text: in

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: same

text: developments

text: that

text: spurred

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: laptop

text: computers

text: and

text: other

text: portable

text: computers

text: allowed

text: manufacturers

text: to

text: integrate

text: computing

text: resources

text: into

text: cellular

text: phones

text: These

text: so

text: called

text: smartphones

text: and

text: tablets

text: run

text: on

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: and

text: have

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: computing

text: device

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: with

text: manufacturers

text: reporting

text: having

text: shipped

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: devices

text: in

question: Computing resources that are created in cell phones are called what?

answer: smartphones

text: smartphones

question: How many tablets were sold in 2Q 2013?

answer: 237 million devices

text: 237 million devices


text: Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian elaborations of general vertebrate arousal patterns, in which neurochemicals (for example, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) step-up or step-down the brain's activity level, as visible in body movements, gestures and postures. Emotions can likely be mediated by pheromones (see fear).

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Based

text: on

text: discoveries

text: made

text: through

text: neural

text: mapping

text: of

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: the

text: neurobiological

text: explanation

text: of

text: human

text: emotion

text: is

text: that

text: emotion

text: is

text: a

text: pleasant

text: or

text: unpleasant

text: mental

text: state

text: organized

text: in

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: mammalian

text: brain

text: If

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reactive

text: responses

text: of

text: reptiles

text: emotions

text: would

text: then

text: be

text: mammalian

text: elaborations

text: of

text: general

text: vertebrate

text: arousal

text: patterns

text: in

text: which

text: neurochemicals

text: for

text: example

text: dopamine

text: noradrenaline

text: and

text: serotonin

text: step

text: up

text: or

text: step

text: down

text: the

text: brain

text: 's

text: activity

text: level

text: as

text: visible

text: in

text: body

text: movements

text: gestures

text: and

text: postures

text: Emotions

text: can

text: likely

text: be

text: mediated

text: by

text: pheromones

text: see

text: fear

question: What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?

answer: limbic

text: limbic

question: What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?

answer: neurochemicals

text: neurochemicals

question: What chemicals may mediate emotions?

answer: pheromones

text: pheromones

question: Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?

answer: reptiles

text: reptiles

question: The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains?

answer: mammalian

text: mammalian


text: Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France". Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal memories, such as the sensations, emotions, and personal associations of a particular place or time. Episodic memories often reflect the "firsts" in life such as a first kiss, first day of school or first time winning a championship. These are key events in one's life that can be remembered clearly. Autobiographical memory - memory for particular events within one's own life - is generally viewed as either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory. Visual memory is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. One is able to place in memory information that resembles objects, places, animals or people in sort of a mental image. Visual memory can result in priming and it is assumed some kind of perceptual representational system underlies this phenomenon.[citation needed]

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Declarative

text: memory

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: semantic

text: memory

text: concerning

text: principles

text: and

text: facts

text: taken

text: independent

text: of

text: context

text: and

text: episodic

text: memory

text: concerning

text: information

text: specific

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: context

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: time

text: and

text: place

text: Semantic

text: memory

text: allows

text: the

text: encoding

text: of

text: abstract

text: knowledge

text: about

text: the

text: world

text: such

text: as

text: Paris

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: France

text: Episodic

text: memory

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: more

text: personal

text: memories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: sensations

text: emotions

text: and

text: personal

text: associations

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: place

text: or

text: time

text: Episodic

text: memories

text: often

text: reflect

text: the

text: firsts

text: in

text: life

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: first

text: kiss

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: school

text: or

text: first

text: time

text: winning

text: a

text: championship

text: These

text: are

text: key

text: events

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: remembered

text: clearly

text: Autobiographical

text: memory

text: memory

text: for

text: particular

text: events

text: within

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: life

text: is

text: generally

text: viewed

text: as

text: either

text: equivalent

text: to

text: or

text: a

text: subset

text: of

text: episodic

text: memory

text: Visual

text: memory

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: memory

text: preserving

text: some

text: characteristics

text: of

text: our

text: senses

text: pertaining

text: to

text: visual

text: experience

text: One

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: place

text: in

text: memory

text: information

text: that

text: resembles

text: objects

text: places

text: animals

text: or

text: people

text: in

text: sort

text: of

text: a

text: mental

text: image

text: Visual

text: memory

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: priming

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: assumed

text: some

text: kind

text: of

text: perceptual

text: representational

text: system

text: underlies

text: this

text: phenomenon.[citation

text: needed

question: When remembering your first day of school or first dance, which memory are you using?

answer: Episodic memories

text: Episodic memories

question: Which type of memory enables us to remember knowledge of the world?

answer: Semantic memory

text: Semantic memory

question: When fondly remembering your memory, which type of memory are you using?

answer: Autobiographical memory

text: Autobiographical memory

question: Which type of memory is used when remembering something that we've seen?

answer: Visual memory

text: Visual memory


text: It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of uranium exists in ore reserves that are economically viable at US$59 per lb of uranium, while 35 million tonnes are classed as mineral resources (reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction). Prices went from about $10/lb in May 2003 to $138/lb in July 2007. This has caused a big increase in spending on exploration, with US$200 million being spent worldwide in 2005, a 54% increase on the previous year. This trend continued through 2006, when expenditure on exploration rocketed to over $774 million, an increase of over 250% compared to 2004. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency said exploration figures for 2007 would likely match those for 2006.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: million

text: tonnes

text: of

text: uranium

text: exists

text: in

text: ore

text: reserves

text: that

text: are

text: economically

text: viable

text: at

text: US$

text: per

text: lb

text: of

text: uranium

text: while

text: million

text: tonnes

text: are

text: classed

text: as

text: mineral

text: resources

text: reasonable

text: prospects

text: for

text: eventual

text: economic

text: extraction

text: Prices

text: went

text: from

text: about

text: in

text: May

text: to

text: in

text: July

text: This

text: has

text: caused

text: a

text: big

text: increase

text: in

text: spending

text: on

text: exploration

text: with

text: US$

text: million

text: being

text: spent

text: worldwide

text: in

text: a

text: increase

text: on

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: This

text: trend

text: continued

text: through

text: when

text: expenditure

text: on

text: exploration

text: rocketed

text: to

text: over

text: million

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: over

text: compared

text: to

text: The

text: OECD

text: Nuclear

text: Energy

text: Agency

text: said

text: exploration

text: figures

text: for

text: would

text: likely

text: match

text: those

text: for

question: How much economically viable uranium is there in ore reserves, in millions of tonnes?

answer: 5.5

question: How many millions of tonnes are uranium are regarded as mineral resources?

answer: 35

question: What was the price of uranium per pound as of May 2003?

answer: $10

question: In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration?

answer: US$200 million

text: US$200 million

question: How much money was spent to explore for uranium in 2006?

answer: $774 million

text: $774 million


text: During fiscal year 2007, $537.5 million was received in total research support, including $444 million in federal obligations. The University has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, United States Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year. Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007. Washington University and its Medical School play a large part in the Human Genome Project, where it contributes approximately 25% of the finished sequence. The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals, plants, and cellular organisms, including the platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: During

text: fiscal

text: year

text: million

text: was

text: received

text: in

text: total

text: research

text: support

text: including

text: million

text: in

text: federal

text: obligations

text: The

text: University

text: has

text: over

text: National

text: Institutes

text: of

text: Health

text: funded

text: inventions

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: licensed

text: to

text: private

text: companies

text: Governmental

text: agencies

text: and

text: non

text: profit

text: foundations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: NIH

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: National

text: Science

text: Foundation

text: and

text: NASA

text: provide

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: research

text: grant

text: funding

text: with

text: Washington

text: University

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: recipients

text: in

text: NIH

text: grants

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: Nearly

text: of

text: NIH

text: grants

text: to

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Missouri

text: went

text: to

text: Washington

text: University

text: alone

text: in

text: Washington

text: University

text: and

text: its

text: Medical

text: School

text: play

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Human

text: Genome

text: Project

text: where

text: it

text: contributes

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: finished

text: sequence

text: The

text: Genome

text: Sequencing

text: Center

text: has

text: decoded

text: the

text: genome

text: of

text: many

text: animals

text: plants

text: and

text: cellular

text: organisms

text: including

text: the

text: platypus

text: chimpanzee

text: cat

text: and

text: corn

question: How much money in financial support did Washington University receive in 2007?

answer: $537.5 million

text: $537.5 million

question: How many inventions does Washington University have funded by the National Institute of health?

answer: 150

question: What percentage of NH grants in Missouri went to Washington University?

answer: 80%

question: What percentage of the sequencing did the Washington University Medical School contribute to the Human Genome Project?

answer: 25%

question: What  are some organisms for which  the Genome Sequencing Center at  Washington University Medical provided genome decoding?

answer: platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn

text: platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn


text: In 1903, Brigham Young Academy was dissolved, and was replaced by two institutions: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. (The BY High School class of 1907 was ultimately responsible for the famous giant "Y" that is to this day embedded on a mountain near campus.) The Board elected George H. Brimhall as the new President of BYU. He had not received a high school education until he was forty. Nevertheless, he was an excellent orator and organizer. Under his tenure in 1904 the new Brigham Young University bought 17 acres (69,000 m2) of land from Provo called "Temple Hill". After some controversy among locals over BYU's purchase of this property, construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus, the Karl G. Maeser Memorial. Brimhall also presided over the University during a brief crisis involving the theory of evolution. The religious nature of the school seemed at the time to collide with this scientific theory. Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school. A few have described the school at this time as nothing more than a "religious seminary". However, many of its graduates at this time would go on to great success and become well renowned in their fields.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: In

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: Academy

text: was

text: dissolved

text: and

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: two

text: institutions

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: High

text: School

text: and

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: The

text: BY

text: High

text: School

text: class

text: of

text: was

text: ultimately

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: famous

text: giant

text: Y

text: that

text: is

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: embedded

text: on

text: a

text: mountain

text: near

text: campus

text: The

text: Board

text: elected

text: George

text: H.

text: Brimhall

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: President

text: of

text: BYU

text: He

text: had

text: not

text: received

text: a

text: high

text: school

text: education

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: forty

text: Nevertheless

text: he

text: was

text: an

text: excellent

text: orator

text: and

text: organizer

text: Under

text: his

text: tenure

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: bought

text: acres

text: of

text: land

text: from

text: Provo

text: called

text: Temple

text: Hill

text: After

text: some

text: controversy

text: among

text: locals

text: over

text: BYU

text: 's

text: purchase

text: of

text: this

text: property

text: construction

text: began

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: building

text: on

text: the

text: current

text: campus

text: the

text: Karl

text: G.

text: Maeser

text: Memorial

text: Brimhall

text: also

text: presided

text: over

text: the

text: University

text: during

text: a

text: brief

text: crisis

text: involving

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: The

text: religious

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: seemed

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: to

text: collide

text: with

text: this

text: scientific

text: theory

text: Joseph

text: F.

text: Smith

text: LDS

text: Church

text: president

text: settled

text: the

text: question

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: by

text: asking

text: that

text: evolution

text: not

text: be

text: taught

text: at

text: the

text: school

text: A

text: few

text: have

text: described

text: the

text: school

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: as

text: nothing

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: religious

text: seminary

text: However

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: graduates

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: would

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: great

text: success

text: and

text: become

text: well

text: renowned

text: in

text: their

text: fields

question: In what year was Brigham Young Academy split into two separate schools?

answer: 1903

question: What was the name of the land purchased by BYU in 1904?

answer: Temple Hill

text: Temple Hill

question: How old was George H. Brimhall when he completed High School?

answer: forty

text: forty

question: What topic was excluded from being taught at BYU?

answer: evolution

text: evolution

question: Who was chosen to head BYU?

answer: George H. Brimhall

text: George H. Brimhall

question: In 1903, which two institutions was Brigham Young Univesity replaced with?

answer: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University

text: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University

question: Who we responsible for the giant "Y" that is embedded on a mountain near the campus?

answer: BY High School class of 1907

text: BY High School class of 1907

question: At what age did BYU's elected president in 1904, George H. Brimhall, receive his high school education?

answer: forty

text: forty

question: What brief crisis rose in the school at the time of Brimhall's presidency that caused the crises' theory to not be taught for a time?

answer: the theory of evolution

text: the theory of evolution

question: What property was George Brimhall responsible for purchasing for the campus?

answer: Temple Hill

text: Temple Hill


text: The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Gospel

text: of

text: Luke

text: begins

text: its

text: account

text: of

text: Mary

text: 's

text: life

text: with

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: when

text: the

text: angel

text: Gabriel

text: appeared

text: to

text: her

text: and

text: announced

text: her

text: divine

text: selection

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Jesus

text: According

text: to

text: gospel

text: accounts

text: Mary

text: was

text: present

text: at

text: the

text: Crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: is

text: depicted

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: community

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: According

text: to

text: Apocryphal

text: writings

text: at

text: some

text: time

text: soon

text: after

text: her

text: death

text: her

text: incorrupt

text: body

text: was

text: assumed

text: directly

text: into

text: Heaven

text: to

text: be

text: reunited

text: with

text: her

text: soul

text: and

text: the

text: apostles

text: thereupon

text: found

text: the

text: tomb

text: empty

text: this

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Christian

text: teaching

text: as

text: the

text: Assumption

question: Which angel appeared to Mary?

answer: Gabriel

text: Gabriel

question: What happened to Mary's body at death?

answer: assumed directly into Heaven

text: assumed directly into Heaven

question: What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation?

answer: her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus

text: her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus

question: How was Mary related to Jesus?

answer: mother of Jesus

text: mother of Jesus

question: Which goespel begins its story of Mary with the Annunciation?

answer: Gospel of Luke

text: Gospel of Luke


text: In the 1520s during the Protestant Reformation, the city, under the political guidance of Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and the spiritual guidance of Martin Bucer embraced the religious teachings of Martin Luther. Their adherents established a Gymnasium, headed by Johannes Sturm, made into a University in the following century. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. Protestant iconoclasm caused much destruction to churches and cloisters, notwithstanding that Luther himself opposed such a practice. Strasbourg was a centre of humanist scholarship and early book-printing in the Holy Roman Empire, and its intellectual and political influence contributed much to the establishment of Protestantism as an accepted denomination in the southwest of Germany. (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city). The Strasbourg Councillor Sturm and guildmaster Matthias represented the city at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), where their protest led to the schism of the Catholic Church and the evolution of Protestantism. Together with four other free cities, Strasbourg presented the confessio tetrapolitana as its Protestant book of faith at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where the slightly different Augsburg Confession was also handed over to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: In

text: the

text: during

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: the

text: city

text: under

text: the

text: political

text: guidance

text: of

text: Jacob

text: Sturm

text: von

text: Sturmeck

text: and

text: the

text: spiritual

text: guidance

text: of

text: Martin

text: Bucer

text: embraced

text: the

text: religious

text: teachings

text: of

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: Their

text: adherents

text: established

text: a

text: Gymnasium

text: headed

text: by

text: Johannes

text: Sturm

text: made

text: into

text: a

text: University

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: century

text: The

text: city

text: first

text: followed

text: the

text: Tetrapolitan

text: Confession

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Augsburg

text: Confession

text: Protestant

text: iconoclasm

text: caused

text: much

text: destruction

text: to

text: churches

text: and

text: cloisters

text: notwithstanding

text: that

text: Luther

text: himself

text: opposed

text: such

text: a

text: practice

text: Strasbourg

text: was

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: humanist

text: scholarship

text: and

text: early

text: book

text: printing

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: intellectual

text: and

text: political

text: influence

text: contributed

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Protestantism

text: as

text: an

text: accepted

text: denomination

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: of

text: Germany

text: John

text: Calvin

text: spent

text: several

text: years

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: refugee

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Strasbourg

text: Councillor

text: Sturm

text: and

text: guildmaster

text: Matthias

text: represented

text: the

text: city

text: at

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Diet

text: of

text: Speyer

text: where

text: their

text: protest

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: schism

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: Protestantism

text: Together

text: with

text: four

text: other

text: free

text: cities

text: Strasbourg

text: presented

text: the

text: confessio

text: tetrapolitana

text: as

text: its

text: Protestant

text: book

text: of

text: faith

text: at

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Diet

text: of

text: Augsburg

text: in

text: where

text: the

text: slightly

text: different

text: Augsburg

text: Confession

text: was

text: also

text: handed

text: over

text: to

text: Charles

text: V

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

question: Who was the political guide during the Protestant Reformation?

answer: Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck

text: Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck

question: Who was the spiritual guide during the Protestant Reformation?

answer: Martin Bucer

text: Martin Bucer

question: Who spent several years as a political refugee in the city?

answer: John Calvin

text: John Calvin

question: How many other cities joined Strasbourg at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530?

answer: four

text: four


text: On October 1, 1932, in game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees, Babe Ruth allegedly stepped to the plate, pointed his finger to Wrigley Field's center field bleachers and hit a long home run to center. There is speculation as to whether the "facts" surrounding the story are true or not, but nevertheless Ruth did help the Yankees secure a World Series win that year and the home run accounted for his 15th and last home run in the post season before he retired in 1935.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: On

text: October

text: in

text: game

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: between

text: the

text: Cubs

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Yankees

text: Babe

text: Ruth

text: allegedly

text: stepped

text: to

text: the

text: plate

text: pointed

text: his

text: finger

text: to

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: 's

text: center

text: field

text: bleachers

text: and

text: hit

text: a

text: long

text: home

text: run

text: to

text: center

text: There

text: is

text: speculation

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: the

text: facts

text: surrounding

text: the

text: story

text: are

text: true

text: or

text: not

text: but

text: nevertheless

text: Ruth

text: did

text: help

text: the

text: Yankees

text: secure

text: a

text: World

text: Series

text: win

text: that

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: home

text: run

text: accounted

text: for

text: his

text: and

text: last

text: home

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: season

text: before

text: he

text: retired

text: in

question: When was game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees?

answer: October 1, 1932

text: October 1, 1932

question: Who allegedly hit a home run to the Center?

answer: Babe Ruth

text: Babe Ruth

question: When did Babe Ruth retire?

answer: 1935


text: Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and—by agreement with the United States—occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently occupied the south and Japan surrendered. By 1948, two separate governments had been set up. Both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of Korea, and neither side accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union and China—invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950. On that day, the United Nations Security Council recognized this North Korean act as invasion and called for an immediate ceasefire. On 27 June, the Security Council adopted S/RES/83: Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea and decided the formation and dispatch of the UN Forces in Korea. Twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the defense of South Korea, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Korea

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: Japan

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: closing

text: days

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Japan

text: and

text: by

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: occupied

text: Korea

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: subsequently

text: occupied

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Japan

text: surrendered

text: By

text: two

text: separate

text: governments

text: had

text: been

text: set

text: up

text: Both

text: governments

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: legitimate

text: government

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: neither

text: side

text: accepted

text: the

text: border

text: as

text: permanent

text: The

text: conflict

text: escalated

text: into

text: open

text: warfare

text: when

text: North

text: Korean

text: forces

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: China

text: invaded

text: South

text: Korea

text: on

text: June

text: On

text: that

text: day

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: recognized

text: this

text: North

text: Korean

text: act

text: as

text: invasion

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: immediate

text: ceasefire

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Security

text: Council

text: adopted

text: S

text: Complaint

text: of

text: aggression

text: upon

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: decided

text: the

text: formation

text: and

text: dispatch

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: Forces

text: in

text: Korea

text: Twenty

text: one

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: eventually

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: defense

text: of

text: South

text: Korea

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: providing

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: 's

text: military

text: personnel

question: What nation ruled Korea in 1910?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: What part of Korea did the Soviet Union occupy?

answer: north of the 38th parallel

text: north of the 38th parallel

question: Who occupied Korea south of the 38th parallel?

answer: U.S. forces

text: U.S. forces

question: What United Nation's committee considered the invasion of Korea to be an act of aggression?

answer: United Nations Security Council

text: United Nations Security Council

question: How many countries assisted in the defense of South Korea?

answer: Twenty-one

text: Twenty-one


text: With the decline of Herodians, Judea, transformed into a Roman province, became the site of a violent struggle of Jews against Greco-Romans, culminating in the Jewish-Roman Wars, ending in wide-scale destruction, expulsions, and genocide. Jewish presence in the region significantly dwindled after the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Nevertheless, there was a continuous small Jewish presence and Galilee became its religious center. The Mishnah and part of the Talmud, central Jewish texts, were composed during the 2nd to 4th centuries CE in Tiberias and Jerusalem. The region came to be populated predominantly by Greco-Romans on the coast and Samaritans in the hill-country. Christianity was gradually evolving over Roman paganism, when the area stood under Byzantine rule. Through the 5th and 6th centuries, the dramatic events of the repeated Samaritan revolts reshaped the land, with massive destruction to Byzantine Christian and Samaritan societies and a resulting decrease of the population. After the Persian conquest and the installation of a short-lived Jewish Commonwealth in 614 CE, the Byzantine Empire reconquered the country in 628.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: With

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Herodians

text: Judea

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: Roman

text: province

text: became

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: a

text: violent

text: struggle

text: of

text: Jews

text: against

text: Greco

text: Romans

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: Jewish

text: Roman

text: Wars

text: ending

text: in

text: wide

text: scale

text: destruction

text: expulsions

text: and

text: genocide

text: Jewish

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: significantly

text: dwindled

text: after

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: Bar

text: Kokhba

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: CE

text: Nevertheless

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: continuous

text: small

text: Jewish

text: presence

text: and

text: Galilee

text: became

text: its

text: religious

text: center

text: The

text: Mishnah

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Talmud

text: central

text: Jewish

text: texts

text: were

text: composed

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: CE

text: in

text: Tiberias

text: and

text: Jerusalem

text: The

text: region

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: populated

text: predominantly

text: by

text: Greco

text: Romans

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: and

text: Samaritans

text: in

text: the

text: hill

text: country

text: Christianity

text: was

text: gradually

text: evolving

text: over

text: Roman

text: paganism

text: when

text: the

text: area

text: stood

text: under

text: Byzantine

text: rule

text: Through

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: dramatic

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: repeated

text: Samaritan

text: revolts

text: reshaped

text: the

text: land

text: with

text: massive

text: destruction

text: to

text: Byzantine

text: Christian

text: and

text: Samaritan

text: societies

text: and

text: a

text: resulting

text: decrease

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: After

text: the

text: Persian

text: conquest

text: and

text: the

text: installation

text: of

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: Jewish

text: Commonwealth

text: in

text: CE

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: reconquered

text: the

text: country

text: in

question: When did the Jewish presence dwindle in the region?

answer: 132 CE

text: 132 CE

question: Who conquered the country in 628?

answer: Byzantine Empire

text: Byzantine Empire

question: What was evolving over Roman paganism?

answer: Christianity

text: Christianity