text: The soviet film "Youth of Genius" (1982), filmed and studios Uzbekfilm and Tajikfilm, dedicated to children and youth years Avicenna. The film's director Elyor Ishmuhamedov. Romantic and stormy, performed works, danger and irresistible thirst of knowledge was the youth of Al-Husayn ibn Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sina, which will be known around the world under the name of Avicenna – a great physician, scientist and educator X-XI centuries. The film is set in the ancient city of Bukhara at the turn of the millennium. In Louis L'Amour's 1985 historical novel The Walking Drum, Kerbouchard studies and discusses Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine. In his book The Physician (1988) Noah Gordon tells the story of a young English medical apprentice who disguises himself as a Jew to travel from England to Persia and learn from Avicenna, the great master of his time. The novel was adapted into a feature film, The Physician, in 2013. Avicenna was played by Ben Kingsley.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: The

text: soviet

text: film

text: Youth

text: of

text: Genius

text: filmed

text: and

text: studios

text: Uzbekfilm

text: and

text: Tajikfilm

text: dedicated

text: to

text: children

text: and

text: youth

text: years

text: Avicenna

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: director

text: Elyor

text: Ishmuhamedov

text: Romantic

text: and

text: stormy

text: performed

text: works

text: danger

text: and

text: irresistible

text: thirst

text: of

text: knowledge

text: was

text: the

text: youth

text: of

text: Al

text: Husayn

text: ibn

text: Abdallah

text: ibn

text: al

text: Hasan

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Sina

text: which

text: will

text: be

text: known

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Avicenna

text: a

text: great

text: physician

text: scientist

text: and

text: educator

text: X

text: XI

text: centuries

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Bukhara

text: at

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: In

text: Louis

text: L'Amour

text: 's

text: historical

text: novel

text: The

text: Walking

text: Drum

text: Kerbouchard

text: studies

text: and

text: discusses

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: The

text: Canon

text: of

text: Medicine

text: In

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Physician

text: Noah

text: Gordon

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: a

text: young

text: English

text: medical

text: apprentice

text: who

text: disguises

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: Jew

text: to

text: travel

text: from

text: England

text: to

text: Persia

text: and

text: learn

text: from

text: Avicenna

text: the

text: great

text: master

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: The

text: novel

text: was

text: adapted

text: into

text: a

text: feature

text: film

text: The

text: Physician

text: in

text: Avicenna

text: was

text: played

text: by

text: Ben

text: Kingsley

question: What movie was made about Avicenna's younger years?

answer: Youth of Genius

text: Youth of Genius


text: Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking "refuge in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhist

text: schools

text: vary

text: on

text: the

text: exact

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: path

text: to

text: liberation

text: the

text: importance

text: and

text: canonicity

text: of

text: various

text: teachings

text: and

text: scriptures

text: and

text: especially

text: their

text: respective

text: practices

text: Buddhism

text: denies

text: a

text: creator

text: deity

text: and

text: posits

text: that

text: mundane

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Mahabrahma

text: are

text: misperceived

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: creator

text: The

text: foundations

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: tradition

text: and

text: practice

text: are

text: the

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: the

text: Buddha

text: the

text: Dharma

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: the

text: Sangha

text: the

text: community

text: Taking

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: triple

text: gem

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: a

text: declaration

text: and

text: commitment

text: to

text: being

text: on

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: path

text: and

text: in

text: general

text: distinguishes

text: a

text: Buddhist

text: from

text: a

text: non

text: Buddhist

text: Other

text: practices

text: are

text: Ten

text: Meritorious

text: Deeds

text: including

text: giving

text: charity

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: greediness

text: following

text: ethical

text: precepts

text: renouncing

text: conventional

text: living

text: and

text: becoming

text: a

text: monastic

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: mindfulness

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: meditation

text: cultivation

text: of

text: higher

text: wisdom

text: and

text: discernment

text: study

text: of

text: scriptures

text: devotional

text: practices

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: tradition

text: invocation

text: of

text: buddhas

text: and

text: bodhisattvas

question: What are the Three Jewels of the Buddhist tradition?

answer: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)

text: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)

question: What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism?

answer: cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment

text: cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment

question: What other practices do Buddhists adhere to?

answer: Ten Meritorious Deeds

text: Ten Meritorious Deeds

question: What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds?

answer: renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic

text: renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic

question: Buddhism denies what kind of deity?

answer: creator

text: creator

question: Of the Ten Meritorious Deeds, giving charity reduces what?

answer: greediness

text: greediness

question: Invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas is in what tradition?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana


text: A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: A

text: peninsula

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: approximately

text: miles

text: km

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: sedimentary

text: soil

text: The

text: climate

text: varies

text: from

text: subtropical

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: tropical

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: American

text: alligator

text: American

text: crocodile

text: Florida

text: panther

text: and

text: manatee

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Everglades

text: National

text: Park

question: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US

answer: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles

text: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles

question: What level is most of the land in florida

answer: Much of the state is at or near sea level

text: Much of the state is at or near sea level

question: What is the florida climate

answer: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south

text: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south

question: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida

answer: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee

text: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee

question: Name a National Park in Florida

answer: Everglades National Park

text: Everglades National Park


text: In the general election, Kerry was initially favored to defeat the Republican candidate, former State Representative Paul W. Cronin, and conservative Democrat Roger P. Durkin, who ran as an Independent. A week after the primary, one poll put Kerry 26-points ahead of Cronin. His campaign called for a national health insurance system, discounted prescription drugs for the unemployed, a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River and rent controls in Lowell and Lawrence. A major obstacle, however, was the district's leading newspaper, the conservative The Sun. The paper editorialized against him. It also ran critical news stories about his out-of-state contributions and his "carpetbagging", because he had only moved into the district in April. Subsequently released "Watergate" Oval Office tape recordings of the Nixon White House showed that defeating Kerry's candidacy had attracted the personal attention of President Nixon. Kerry himself asserts that Nixon sent operatives to Lowell to help derail his campaign.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: In

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: Kerry

text: was

text: initially

text: favored

text: to

text: defeat

text: the

text: Republican

text: candidate

text: former

text: State

text: Representative

text: Paul

text: W.

text: Cronin

text: and

text: conservative

text: Democrat

text: Roger

text: P.

text: Durkin

text: who

text: ran

text: as

text: an

text: Independent

text: A

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: primary

text: one

text: poll

text: put

text: Kerry

text: ahead

text: of

text: Cronin

text: His

text: campaign

text: called

text: for

text: a

text: national

text: health

text: insurance

text: system

text: discounted

text: prescription

text: drugs

text: for

text: the

text: unemployed

text: a

text: jobs

text: programme

text: to

text: clean

text: up

text: the

text: Merrimack

text: River

text: and

text: rent

text: controls

text: in

text: Lowell

text: and

text: Lawrence

text: A

text: major

text: obstacle

text: however

text: was

text: the

text: district

text: 's

text: leading

text: newspaper

text: the

text: conservative

text: The

text: Sun

text: The

text: paper

text: editorialized

text: against

text: him

text: It

text: also

text: ran

text: critical

text: news

text: stories

text: about

text: his

text: out

text: of

text: state

text: contributions

text: and

text: his

text: carpetbagging

text: because

text: he

text: had

text: only

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: district

text: in

text: April

text: Subsequently

text: released

text: Watergate

text: Oval

text: Office

text: tape

text: recordings

text: of

text: the

text: Nixon

text: White

text: House

text: showed

text: that

text: defeating

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: candidacy

text: had

text: attracted

text: the

text: personal

text: attention

text: of

text: President

text: Nixon

text: Kerry

text: himself

text: asserts

text: that

text: Nixon

text: sent

text: operatives

text: to

text: Lowell

text: to

text: help

text: derail

text: his

text: campaign

question: What party did Durkin run as?

answer: Independent

text: Independent

question: How far ahead of Cronin did Kerry poll?

answer: 26-points

question: What slant did The Sun have?

answer: conservative

text: conservative

question: Who did Kerry say tried to stop his campaign?

answer: President Nixon

text: President Nixon

question: How did Kerry want to create jobs?

answer: a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River

text: a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River


text: Melbourne has a highly diversified economy with particular strengths in finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism. Melbourne houses the headquarters for many of Australia's largest corporations, including five of the ten largest in the country (based on revenue), and four of the largest six in the country (based on market capitalisation) (ANZ, BHP Billiton (the world's largest mining company), the National Australia Bank and Telstra), as well as such representative bodies and think tanks as the Business Council of Australia and the Australian Council of Trade Unions. Melbourne's suburbs also have the Head Offices of Wesfarmers companies Coles (including Liquorland), Bunnings, Target, K-Mart & Officeworks. The city is home to Australia's largest and busiest seaport which handles more than $75 billion in trade every year and 39% of the nation's container trade. Melbourne Airport provides an entry point for national and international visitors, and is Australia's second busiest airport.[citation needed]

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: has

text: a

text: highly

text: diversified

text: economy

text: with

text: particular

text: strengths

text: in

text: finance

text: manufacturing

text: research

text: IT

text: education

text: logistics

text: transportation

text: and

text: tourism

text: Melbourne

text: houses

text: the

text: headquarters

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: largest

text: corporations

text: including

text: five

text: of

text: the

text: ten

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: based

text: on

text: revenue

text: and

text: four

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: six

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: based

text: on

text: market

text: capitalisation

text: ANZ

text: BHP

text: Billiton

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: mining

text: company

text: the

text: National

text: Australia

text: Bank

text: and

text: Telstra

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: such

text: representative

text: bodies

text: and

text: think

text: tanks

text: as

text: the

text: Business

text: Council

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: Council

text: of

text: Trade

text: Unions

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: suburbs

text: also

text: have

text: the

text: Head

text: Offices

text: of

text: Wesfarmers

text: companies

text: Coles

text: including

text: Liquorland

text: Bunnings

text: Target

text: K

text: Mart

text: Officeworks

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Australia

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: busiest

text: seaport

text: which

text: handles

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: in

text: trade

text: every

text: year

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: container

text: trade

text: Melbourne

text: Airport

text: provides

text: an

text: entry

text: point

text: for

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: visitors

text: and

text: is

text: Australia

text: 's

text: second

text: busiest

text: airport.[citation

text: needed

question: In which areas does Melbourne's diversified economy have strengths?

answer: finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism

text: finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism

question: Which city is home to Australia's largest and busiest seaport?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: Which company is the world's largest mining company?

answer: BHP Billiton

text: BHP Billiton

question: Which city is home to Australia's second busiest airport?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: How much money in trade does Australia's largest and busiest seaport handle?

answer: $75 billion

text: $75 billion


text: After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Guam

text: Organic

text: Act

text: of

text: established

text: Guam

text: as

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: organized

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: provided

text: for

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: civilian

text: government

text: and

text: granted

text: the

text: people

text: U.S.

text: citizenship

text: The

text: Governor

text: of

text: Guam

text: was

text: federally

text: appointed

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Guam

text: Elective

text: Governor

text: Act

text: provided

text: for

text: the

text: office

text: 's

text: popular

text: Since

text: Guam

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: U.S.

text: state

text: U.S.

text: citizens

text: residing

text: on

text: Guam

text: are

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: president

text: and

text: their

text: congressional

text: representative

text: is

text: a

text: non

text: voting

text: member

question: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory?

answer: Guam Organic Act of 1950

text: Guam Organic Act of 1950

question: What conflict did the Organic Act come after?

answer: After World War II

text: After World War II

question: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory?

answer: granted the people U.S. citizenship

text: granted the people U.S. citizenship


text: There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: There

text: were

text: several

text: protests

text: along

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: route

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Alliance

text: in

text: Support

text: of

text: Patriotic

text: Democratic

text: Movements

text: in

text: China

text: including

text: pro

text: democracy

text: activist

text: Szeto

text: Wah

text: waved

text: novelty

text: inflatable

text: plastic

text: Olympic

text: flames

text: which

text: they

text: said

text: symbolised

text: democracy

text: They

text: wanted

text: accountability

text: for

text: the

text: Tiananmen

text: Square

text: protests

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: democracy

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Political

text: activist

text: and

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: member

text: Leung

text: Kwok

text: hung

text: Longhair

text: also

text: joined

text: the

text: protest

text: saying

text: I

text: 'm

text: very

text: proud

text: that

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: we

text: still

text: have

text: people

text: brave

text: enough

text: to

text: speak

text: out

text: Pro

text: democracy

text: activists

text: were

text: overwhelmed

text: by

text: a

text: crowd

text: of

text: torch

text: supporters

text: with

text: insults

text: like

text: running

text: dog

text: traitor

text: get

text: out

text: and

text: I

text: love

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: about

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Civil

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Front

text: had

text: orange

text: banners

text: calling

text: for

text: human

text: rights

text: improvements

text: and

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: Onlookers

text: were

text: saying

text: Are

text: n't

text: you

text: Chinese

text: in

text: Mandarin

text: putonghua

text: as

text: they

text: tried

text: to

text: cover

text: the

text: orange

text: banners

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: Chinese

text: national

text: flag

text: One

text: woman

text: had

text: an

text: orange

text: sign

text: that

text: said

text: Olympic

text: flame

text: for

text: democracy

text: while

text: a

text: man

text: carried

text: a

text: poster

text: with

text: a

text: tank

text: and

text: the

text: slogan

text: One

text: world

text: two

text: dreams

text: A

text: university

text: student

text: and

text: former

text: RDHK

text: radio

text: host

text: Christina

text: Chan

text: wrapped

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: snow

text: lion

text: flag

text: around

text: her

text: body

text: and

text: later

text: began

text: waving

text: it

text: Several

text: onlookers

text: heckled

text: Chan

text: shouting

text: What

text: kind

text: of

text: Chinese

text: are

text: you

text: and

text: What

text: a

text: shame

text: In

text: the

text: end

text: she

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: protesters

text: were

text: taken

text: away

text: against

text: their

text: will

text: by

text: the

text: authorities

text: via

text: a

text: police

text: vehicle

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: protection

text: Chan

text: is

text: currently[when

text: suing

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: government

text: claiming

text: her

text: human

text: rights

text: were

text: breached

text: case

text: number

question: What did Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China members wave to symbolize democracy?

answer: plastic Olympic flames

text: plastic Olympic flames

question: This group wanted accountability for what 1989 event?

answer: Tiananmen Square protests

text: Tiananmen Square protests

question: Who wrapped a Tibetan flag around her body and later waved it?

answer: Christina Chan

text: Christina Chan

question: Who removed Chan from the protest?

answer: police

text: police

question: Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government?

answer: her human rights were breached.

text: her human rights were breached.

question: Some people waved plastic inflated flames, saying they symbolize what?

answer: democracy.

text: democracy.

question: Who was proud that Hong Kong still has brave people speaking out?

answer: Leung Kwok-hung

text: Leung Kwok-hung

question: What did radio host Christina Chan wear before waving it?

answer: Tibetan snow lion flag

text: Tibetan snow lion flag


text: On June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an event contrary to official Soviet history. The authorities did not crack down on demonstrators, which encouraged more and larger demonstrations throughout the Baltic States. The next major anniversary after the August 23 Molotov Pact demonstration was on November 18, the date of Latvia’s independence in 1918. On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: June

text: about

text: people

text: gathered

text: again

text: at

text: Freedom

text: Monument

text: in

text: Riga

text: and

text: laid

text: flowers

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: mass

text: deportation

text: of

text: Latvians

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: large

text: demonstration

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: republics

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: an

text: event

text: contrary

text: to

text: official

text: Soviet

text: history

text: The

text: authorities

text: did

text: not

text: crack

text: down

text: on

text: demonstrators

text: which

text: encouraged

text: more

text: and

text: larger

text: demonstrations

text: throughout

text: the

text: Baltic

text: States

text: The

text: next

text: major

text: anniversary

text: after

text: the

text: August

text: Molotov

text: Pact

text: demonstration

text: was

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: Latvia

text: ’s

text: independence

text: in

text: On

text: November

text: hundreds

text: of

text: police

text: and

text: civilian

text: militiamen

text: cordoned

text: off

text: the

text: central

text: square

text: to

text: prevent

text: any

text: demonstration

text: at

text: Freedom

text: Monument

text: but

text: thousands

text: lined

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Riga

text: in

text: silent

text: protest

text: regardless

question: Where did the demonstrators meet in June of 1987?

answer: Freedom Monument

text: Freedom Monument

question: Where is Freedom Monument?

answer: Riga

text: Riga

question: What did the protesters do?

answer: laid flowers

text: laid flowers

question: Where did further protests take place?

answer: Baltic States

text: Baltic States

question: Who were the protesters remembering?

answer: Latvians

text: Latvians


text: The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss] The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which comprise an overseas territory of France. The system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging around 3,000 ft (910 m). The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: The

text: range

text: is

text: mostly

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: extends

text: into

text: southeastern

text: Canada

text: forming

text: a

text: zone

text: from

text: to

text: mi

text: to

text: km

text: wide

text: running

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: mi

text: km

text: southwestward

text: to

text: Central

text: Alabama

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States.[discuss

text: The

text: range

text: covers

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: and

text: Miquelon

text: which

text: comprise

text: an

text: overseas

text: territory

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: system

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: ranges

text: with

text: the

text: individual

text: mountains

text: averaging

text: around

text: ft

text: m

text: The

text: highest

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: is

text: Mount

text: Mitchell

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

question: What country do the Appalachian mountains extend into?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: How large is the zone in Canada?

answer: 100 to 300 mi

text: 100 to 300 mi

question: Where does it start in Canada?

answer: Newfoundland

text: Newfoundland

question: Where does it end in the US?

answer: Central Alabama

text: Central Alabama

question: What island is included in the range?

answer: Saint Pierre and Miquelon

text: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


text: The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Moscow. Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through snow up to their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: Russian

text: army

text: withdrew

text: and

text: retreated

text: past

text: Moscow

text: Napoleon

text: entered

text: the

text: city

text: assuming

text: its

text: fall

text: would

text: end

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: Alexander

text: would

text: negotiate

text: peace

text: However

text: on

text: orders

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: governor

text: Feodor

text: Rostopchin

text: rather

text: than

text: capitulation

text: Moscow

text: was

text: burned

text: After

text: five

text: weeks

text: Napoleon

text: and

text: his

text: army

text: left

text: In

text: early

text: November

text: Napoleon

text: got

text: concerned

text: about

text: loss

text: of

text: control

text: back

text: in

text: France

text: after

text: the

text: Malet

text: coup

text: of

text: His

text: army

text: walked

text: through

text: snow

text: up

text: to

text: their

text: knees

text: and

text: nearly

text: men

text: and

text: horses

text: froze

text: to

text: death

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: November

text: alone

text: After

text: Battle

text: of

text: Berezina

text: Napoleon

text: succeeded

text: to

text: escape

text: but

text: had

text: to

text: abandon

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: remaining

text: artillery

text: and

text: baggage

text: train

text: On

text: December

text: shortly

text: before

text: arriving

text: in

text: Vilnius

text: Napoleon

text: left

text: the

text: army

text: in

text: a

text: sledge

question: When Napoleon entered Moscow, he expected an offer of peace from whom?

answer: Alexander

text: Alexander

question: What was the name of the governor who ordered the burning of Moscow?

answer: Feodor Rostopchin

text: Feodor Rostopchin

question: How long did Napoleon stay in Moscow before leaving?

answer: five weeks

text: five weeks

question: What 1812 event turned Napoleon's attention back to France?

answer: the Malet coup

text: the Malet coup

question: Approximately how many French men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November?

answer: 10,000


text: Each August, Turner Classic Movies suspends its regular schedule for a special month of film marathons called "Summer Under the Stars", which features entire daily schedules devoted to the work of a particular actor, with movies and specials that pertain to the star of the day. In the summer of 2007, the channel debuted "Funday Night at the Movies", a block hosted by actor Tom Kenny (best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants). This summer block featured classic feature films (such as The Wizard of Oz, Sounder, Bringing Up Baby, Singin' in the Rain, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, The Adventures of Robin Hood and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) aimed at introducing these movies to new generations of children and their families.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: Each

text: August

text: Turner

text: Classic

text: Movies

text: suspends

text: its

text: regular

text: schedule

text: for

text: a

text: special

text: month

text: of

text: film

text: marathons

text: called

text: Summer

text: Under

text: the

text: Stars

text: which

text: features

text: entire

text: daily

text: schedules

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: actor

text: with

text: movies

text: and

text: specials

text: that

text: pertain

text: to

text: the

text: star

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: In

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: the

text: channel

text: debuted

text: Funday

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Movies

text: a

text: block

text: hosted

text: by

text: actor

text: Tom

text: Kenny

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: voice

text: of

text: SpongeBob

text: SquarePants

text: This

text: summer

text: block

text: featured

text: classic

text: feature

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Wizard

text: of

text: Oz

text: Sounder

text: Bringing

text: Up

text: Baby

text: Singin

text: in

text: the

text: Rain

text: Mr.

text: Smith

text: Goes

text: to

text: Washington

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Robin

text: Hood

text: and

text: Leagues

text: Under

text: the

text: Sea

text: aimed

text: at

text: introducing

text: these

text: movies

text: to

text: new

text: generations

text: of

text: children

text: and

text: their

text: families

question: In what month does the Summer Under the Stars event take place?

answer: August

text: August

question: Who hosted Funday Night at the Movies?

answer: Tom Kenny

text: Tom Kenny

question: What character was Tom Kenny best known for portraying?

answer: SpongeBob SquarePants

text: SpongeBob SquarePants

question: In what year did Funday Night at the Movies first appear?

answer: 2007


text: The deliberate or accidental hybridising of two or more species of closely related animals through captive breeding is a human activity which has been in existence for millennia and has grown in recent times for economic purposes. The number of successful interspecific mammalian hybrids is relatively small, although it has come to be known that there is a significant number of naturally occurring hybrids between forms or regional varieties of a single species.[citation needed] These may form zones of gradation known as clines. Indeed, the distinction between some hitherto distinct species can become clouded once it can be shown that they may not only breed but produce fertile offspring. Some hybrid animals exhibit greater strength and resilience than either parent. This is known as hybrid vigor. The existence of the mule (donkey sire; horse dam) being used widely as a hardy draught animal throughout ancient and modern history is testament to this. Other well known examples are the lion/tiger hybrid, the liger, which is by far the largest big cat and sometimes used in circuses; and cattle hybrids such as between European and Indian domestic cattle or between domestic cattle and American bison, which are used in the meat industry and marketed as Beefalo. There is some speculation that the donkey itself may be the result of an ancient hybridisation between two wild ass species or sub-species. Hybrid animals are normally infertile partly because their parents usually have slightly different numbers of chromosomes, resulting in unpaired chromosomes in their cells, which prevents division of sex cells and the gonads from operating correctly, particularly in males. There are exceptions to this rule, especially if the speciation process was relatively recent or incomplete as is the case with many cattle and dog species. Normally behavior traits, natural hostility, natural ranges and breeding cycle differences maintain the separateness of closely related species and prevent natural hybridisation. However, the widespread disturbances to natural animal behaviours and range caused by human activity, cities, dumping grounds with food, agriculture, fencing, roads and so on do force animals together which would not normally breed. Clear examples exist between the various sub-species of grey wolf, coyote and domestic dog in North America. As many birds and mammals imprint on their mother and immediate family from infancy, a practice used by animal hybridizers is to foster a planned parent in a hybridization program with the same species as the one with which they are planned to mate.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: The

text: deliberate

text: or

text: accidental

text: hybridising

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: species

text: of

text: closely

text: related

text: animals

text: through

text: captive

text: breeding

text: is

text: a

text: human

text: activity

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: existence

text: for

text: millennia

text: and

text: has

text: grown

text: in

text: recent

text: times

text: for

text: economic

text: purposes

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: successful

text: interspecific

text: mammalian

text: hybrids

text: is

text: relatively

text: small

text: although

text: it

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: hybrids

text: between

text: forms

text: or

text: regional

text: varieties

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: species.[citation

text: needed

text: These

text: may

text: form

text: zones

text: of

text: gradation

text: known

text: as

text: clines

text: Indeed

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: some

text: hitherto

text: distinct

text: species

text: can

text: become

text: clouded

text: once

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: shown

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: not

text: only

text: breed

text: but

text: produce

text: fertile

text: offspring

text: Some

text: hybrid

text: animals

text: exhibit

text: greater

text: strength

text: and

text: resilience

text: than

text: either

text: parent

text: This

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: hybrid

text: vigor

text: The

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: mule

text: donkey

text: sire

text: horse

text: dam

text: being

text: used

text: widely

text: as

text: a

text: hardy

text: draught

text: animal

text: throughout

text: ancient

text: and

text: modern

text: history

text: is

text: testament

text: to

text: this

text: Other

text: well

text: known

text: examples

text: are

text: the

text: lion

text: tiger

text: hybrid

text: the

text: liger

text: which

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: big

text: cat

text: and

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: circuses

text: and

text: cattle

text: hybrids

text: such

text: as

text: between

text: European

text: and

text: Indian

text: domestic

text: cattle

text: or

text: between

text: domestic

text: cattle

text: and

text: American

text: bison

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: meat

text: industry

text: and

text: marketed

text: as

text: Beefalo

text: There

text: is

text: some

text: speculation

text: that

text: the

text: donkey

text: itself

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: an

text: ancient

text: hybridisation

text: between

text: two

text: wild

text: ass

text: species

text: or

text: sub

text: species

text: Hybrid

text: animals

text: are

text: normally

text: infertile

text: partly

text: because

text: their

text: parents

text: usually

text: have

text: slightly

text: different

text: numbers

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: resulting

text: in

text: unpaired

text: chromosomes

text: in

text: their

text: cells

text: which

text: prevents

text: division

text: of

text: sex

text: cells

text: and

text: the

text: gonads

text: from

text: operating

text: correctly

text: particularly

text: in

text: males

text: There

text: are

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: especially

text: if

text: the

text: speciation

text: process

text: was

text: relatively

text: recent

text: or

text: incomplete

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: many

text: cattle

text: and

text: dog

text: species

text: Normally

text: behavior

text: traits

text: natural

text: hostility

text: natural

text: ranges

text: and

text: breeding

text: cycle

text: differences

text: maintain

text: the

text: separateness

text: of

text: closely

text: related

text: species

text: and

text: prevent

text: natural

text: hybridisation

text: However

text: the

text: widespread

text: disturbances

text: to

text: natural

text: animal

text: behaviours

text: and

text: range

text: caused

text: by

text: human

text: activity

text: cities

text: dumping

text: grounds

text: with

text: food

text: agriculture

text: fencing

text: roads

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: do

text: force

text: animals

text: together

text: which

text: would

text: not

text: normally

text: breed

text: Clear

text: examples

text: exist

text: between

text: the

text: various

text: sub

text: species

text: of

text: grey

text: wolf

text: coyote

text: and

text: domestic

text: dog

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: As

text: many

text: birds

text: and

text: mammals

text: imprint

text: on

text: their

text: mother

text: and

text: immediate

text: family

text: from

text: infancy

text: a

text: practice

text: used

text: by

text: animal

text: hybridizers

text: is

text: to

text: foster

text: a

text: planned

text: parent

text: in

text: a

text: hybridization

text: program

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: as

text: the

text: one

text: with

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: planned

text: to

text: mate

question: What is the name given when zones of gradation exits?

answer: clines

text: clines

question: What is the given name of a lion and tiger hybrid?

answer: liger

text: liger

question: What is the marketed name given in the meat industry when you involve a european or indian domestic cattle mixed with an American bison?

answer: Beefalo

text: Beefalo

question: What is the given name of a offspring from two different animals?

answer: hybrid

text: hybrid


text: In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan).

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: mixed

text: breeds

text: live

text: on

text: average

text: years

text: longer

text: than

text: pure

text: breeds

text: and

text: that

text: increasing

text: body

text: weight

text: was

text: negatively

text: correlated

text: with

text: longevity

text: i.e.

text: the

text: heavier

text: the

text: dog

text: the

text: shorter

text: its

text: lifespan

question: Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs?

answer: 1.2 years

text: 1.2 years

question: Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?

answer: shorter

text: shorter

question: When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?

answer: 2013

question: Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live?

answer: 1.2 years longer

text: 1.2 years longer


text: The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from: Pouka, (Hernandia peltata); Ngia or Ingia bush, (Pemphis acidula); Miro, (Thespesia populnea); Tonga, (Rhizophora mucronata); Fau or Fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus). and fibre from: coconut; Ferra, native fig (Ficus aspem); Fala, screw pine or Pandanus. The buildings were constructed without nails and were lashed and tied together with a plaited sennit rope that was handmade from dried coconut fibre.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: traditional

text: buildings

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: used

text: plants

text: and

text: trees

text: from

text: the

text: native

text: broadleaf

text: forest

text: including

text: timber

text: from

text: Pouka

text: Hernandia

text: peltata

text: Ngia

text: or

text: Ingia

text: bush

text: Pemphis

text: acidula

text: Miro

text: Thespesia

text: populnea

text: Tonga

text: Rhizophora

text: mucronata

text: Fau

text: or

text: Fo

text: fafini

text: or

text: woman

text: 's

text: fibre

text: tree

text: Hibiscus

text: tiliaceus

text: and

text: fibre

text: from

text: coconut

text: Ferra

text: native

text: fig

text: Ficus

text: aspem

text: Fala

text: screw

text: pine

text: or

text: Pandanus

text: The

text: buildings

text: were

text: constructed

text: without

text: nails

text: and

text: were

text: lashed

text: and

text: tied

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: plaited

text: sennit

text: rope

text: that

text: was

text: handmade

text: from

text: dried

text: coconut

text: fibre

question: What were the traditional building materials on Tuvalu?

answer: plants and trees

text: plants and trees

question: What type of trees provided lumber for building on Tuvalu?

answer: broadleaf forest

text: broadleaf forest

question: What building material did coconut provide?

answer: fibre

text: fibre

question: What construction feature was lacking in Tuvaluan building?

answer: nails

text: nails

question: From what was rope made for tying buildings together?

answer: dried coconut fibre

text: dried coconut fibre


text: Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Legal

text: studies

text: advanced

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: Both

text: secular

text: law

text: and

text: canon

text: law

text: or

text: ecclesiastical

text: law

text: were

text: studied

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Secular

text: law

text: or

text: Roman

text: law

text: was

text: advanced

text: greatly

text: by

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Corpus

text: Juris

text: Civilis

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: Roman

text: law

text: was

text: being

text: taught

text: at

text: Bologna

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: recording

text: and

text: standardisation

text: of

text: legal

text: codes

text: throughout

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Canon

text: law

text: was

text: also

text: studied

text: and

text: around

text: a

text: monk

text: named

text: Gratian

text: fl

text: century

text: a

text: teacher

text: at

text: Bologna

text: wrote

text: what

text: became

text: the

text: standard

text: text

text: of

text: canon

text: law

text: the

text: Decretum

question: What is another name for canon law?

answer: ecclesiastical law

text: ecclesiastical law

question: What is another name for Roman law?

answer: Secular law

text: Secular law

question: Where could one study Roman law in 1100?

answer: Bologna

text: Bologna

question: In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?

answer: 11th

question: Who wrote the Decretum?

answer: Gratian

text: Gratian


text: The Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10) begins in Santa Monica near the Pacific Ocean and heads east. The Santa Monica Freeway between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles has the distinction of being one of the busiest highways in all of North America. After traversing Los Angeles County, I-10 crosses seven more states, terminating at Jacksonville, Florida. In Santa Monica, there is a road sign designating this route as the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. State Route 2 (Santa Monica Boulevard) begins in Santa Monica, barely grazing State Route 1 at Lincoln Boulevard, and continues northeast across Los Angeles County, through the Angeles National Forest, crossing the San Gabriel Mountains as the Angeles Crest Highway, ending in Wrightwood. Santa Monica is also the western (Pacific) terminus of historic U.S. Route 66. Close to the eastern boundary of Santa Monica, Sepulveda Boulevard reaches from Long Beach at the south, to the northern end of the San Fernando Valley. Just east of Santa Monica is Interstate 405, the "San Diego Freeway", a major north-south route in Los Angeles County and Orange County, California.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: The

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Freeway

text: Interstate

text: begins

text: in

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: near

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: heads

text: east

text: The

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Freeway

text: between

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: and

text: downtown

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: has

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: busiest

text: highways

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: After

text: traversing

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: crosses

text: seven

text: more

text: states

text: terminating

text: at

text: Jacksonville

text: Florida

text: In

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: road

text: sign

text: designating

text: this

text: route

text: as

text: the

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: Transcontinental

text: Highway

text: State

text: Route

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Boulevard

text: begins

text: in

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: barely

text: grazing

text: State

text: Route

text: at

text: Lincoln

text: Boulevard

text: and

text: continues

text: northeast

text: across

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: through

text: the

text: Angeles

text: National

text: Forest

text: crossing

text: the

text: San

text: Gabriel

text: Mountains

text: as

text: the

text: Angeles

text: Crest

text: Highway

text: ending

text: in

text: Wrightwood

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: terminus

text: of

text: historic

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: Close

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: boundary

text: of

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Sepulveda

text: Boulevard

text: reaches

text: from

text: Long

text: Beach

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Fernando

text: Valley

text: Just

text: east

text: of

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: is

text: Interstate

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Freeway

text: a

text: major

text: north

text: south

text: route

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: Orange

text: County

text: California

question: What is the name of the Santa Monica Freeway?

answer: Interstate 10

text: Interstate 10

question: What road does state route 2 begin on?

answer: Santa Monica Boulevard

text: Santa Monica Boulevard

question: How many more states aside from California does the interstate 10 run through?

answer: seven more

text: seven more

question: What city and state does the interstate 10 end at?

answer: Jacksonville, Florida

text: Jacksonville, Florida

question: Where does the Santa Monica Freeway begin around?

answer: Pacific Ocean

text: Pacific Ocean


text: In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who was elected President of Texas in September 1836. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the older slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the domestic slave trade. New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but there were slave dealers in Houston. Thousands of enslaved African-Americans lived near the city before the Civil War. Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. In 1860 forty-nine percent of the city's population was enslaved. A few slaves, perhaps as many as 2,000 between 1835 and 1865, came through the illegal African trade. Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state. They also brought or purchased enslaved African Americans, whose numbers nearly tripled in the state from 1850 to 1860, from 58,000 to 182,566.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: In

text: August

text: two

text: real

text: estate

text: entrepreneurs

text: Augustus

text: Chapman

text: Allen

text: and

text: John

text: Kirby

text: Allen

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: purchased

text: acres

text: of

text: land

text: along

text: Buffalo

text: Bayou

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: founding

text: a

text: city

text: The

text: Allen

text: brothers

text: decided

text: to

text: name

text: the

text: city

text: after

text: Sam

text: Houston

text: the

text: popular

text: general

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: San

text: Jacinto

text: who

text: was

text: elected

text: President

text: of

text: Texas

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: slaves

text: in

text: Texas

text: came

text: with

text: their

text: owners

text: from

text: the

text: older

text: slave

text: states

text: Sizable

text: numbers

text: however

text: came

text: through

text: the

text: domestic

text: slave

text: trade

text: New

text: Orleans

text: was

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: this

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: Deep

text: South

text: but

text: there

text: were

text: slave

text: dealers

text: in

text: Houston

text: Thousands

text: of

text: enslaved

text: African

text: Americans

text: lived

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: before

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: Many

text: of

text: them

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: worked

text: on

text: sugar

text: and

text: cotton

text: plantations

text: while

text: most

text: of

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: had

text: domestic

text: and

text: artisan

text: jobs

text: In

text: forty

text: nine

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: enslaved

text: A

text: few

text: slaves

text: perhaps

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: between

text: and

text: came

text: through

text: the

text: illegal

text: African

text: trade

text: Post

text: war

text: Texas

text: grew

text: rapidly

text: as

text: migrants

text: poured

text: into

text: the

text: cotton

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: They

text: also

text: brought

text: or

text: purchased

text: enslaved

text: African

text: Americans

text: whose

text: numbers

text: nearly

text: tripled

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

question: Where were Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen from?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: How many acres of land did Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen purchase in 1836?

answer: 6,642

question: What was the reason the Allen brothers purchased land in 1836?

answer: founding a city

text: founding a city

question: Who did the Allen brothers name the city they founded after?

answer: Sam Houston

text: Sam Houston

question: In what year was Sam Houston elected President of Texas?

answer: 1836

question: Who bought land along Buffalo Bayou to build a city?

answer: Allen brothers

text: Allen brothers

question: How much land did the Allen brothers buy?

answer: 6,642 acres

text: 6,642 acres

question: After which famous general was the city named?

answer: Sam Houston

text: Sam Houston

question: In 1860 what percentage of the city's population was slaves?

answer: forty-nine percent

text: forty-nine percent

question: How much did the slave population of Houston increase from 1850 to 1860?

answer: tripled

text: tripled


text: LaserDisc's support for multiple audio tracks allowed for vast supplemental materials to be included on-disc and made it the first available format for "Special Edition" releases; the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane is generally credited as being the first "Special Edition" release to home video,[citation needed] and for setting the standard by which future SE discs were measured. The disc provided interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs, and other features for historians and collectors.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

text: 's

text: support

text: for

text: multiple

text: audio

text: tracks

text: allowed

text: for

text: vast

text: supplemental

text: materials

text: to

text: be

text: included

text: on

text: disc

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: the

text: first

text: available

text: format

text: for

text: Special

text: Edition

text: releases

text: the

text: Criterion

text: Collection

text: edition

text: of

text: Citizen

text: Kane

text: is

text: generally

text: credited

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: Special

text: Edition

text: release

text: to

text: home

text: video,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: for

text: setting

text: the

text: standard

text: by

text: which

text: future

text: SE

text: discs

text: were

text: measured

text: The

text: disc

text: provided

text: interviews

text: commentary

text: tracks

text: documentaries

text: still

text: photographs

text: and

text: other

text: features

text: for

text: historians

text: and

text: collectors

question: LaserDisc was the first format to provide what type of releases to consumers?

answer: "Special Edition"

text: "Special Edition"

question: What was the first "Special Edition" film to be released to home video?

answer: the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane

text: the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane

question: What bonus features were available on the first home video "Special Edition"?

answer: interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs

text: interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs

question: What feature, unique to LaserDisc, made bonus content possible?

answer: support for multiple audio tracks

text: support for multiple audio tracks


text: In 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, along with Avicenna's, prefigured the 19th-century development of specificity theory. Specificity theory saw pain as "a specific sensation, with its own sensory apparatus independent of touch and other senses". Another theory that came to prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries was intensive theory, which conceived of pain not as a unique sensory modality, but an emotional state produced by stronger than normal stimuli such as intense light, pressure or temperature. By the mid-1890s, specificity was backed mostly by physiologists and physicians, and the intensive theory was mostly backed by psychologists. However, after a series of clinical observations by Henry Head and experiments by Max von Frey, the psychologists migrated to specificity almost en masse, and by century's end, most textbooks on physiology and psychology were presenting pain specificity as fact.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: In

text: René

text: Descartes

text: theorized

text: that

text: pain

text: was

text: a

text: disturbance

text: that

text: passed

text: down

text: along

text: nerve

text: fibers

text: until

text: the

text: disturbance

text: reached

text: the

text: brain

text: a

text: development

text: that

text: transformed

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: pain

text: from

text: a

text: spiritual

text: mystical

text: experience

text: to

text: a

text: physical

text: mechanical

text: sensation[citation

text: needed

text: Descartes

text: 's

text: work

text: along

text: with

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: prefigured

text: the

text: century

text: development

text: of

text: specificity

text: theory

text: Specificity

text: theory

text: saw

text: pain

text: as

text: a

text: specific

text: sensation

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: sensory

text: apparatus

text: independent

text: of

text: touch

text: and

text: other

text: senses

text: Another

text: theory

text: that

text: came

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: was

text: intensive

text: theory

text: which

text: conceived

text: of

text: pain

text: not

text: as

text: a

text: unique

text: sensory

text: modality

text: but

text: an

text: emotional

text: state

text: produced

text: by

text: stronger

text: than

text: normal

text: stimuli

text: such

text: as

text: intense

text: light

text: pressure

text: or

text: temperature

text: By

text: the

text: specificity

text: was

text: backed

text: mostly

text: by

text: physiologists

text: and

text: physicians

text: and

text: the

text: intensive

text: theory

text: was

text: mostly

text: backed

text: by

text: psychologists

text: However

text: after

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: clinical

text: observations

text: by

text: Henry

text: Head

text: and

text: experiments

text: by

text: Max

text: von

text: Frey

text: the

text: psychologists

text: migrated

text: to

text: specificity

text: almost

text: en

text: masse

text: and

text: by

text: century

text: 's

text: end

text: most

text: textbooks

text: on

text: physiology

text: and

text: psychology

text: were

text: presenting

text: pain

text: specificity

text: as

text: fact

question: When was Descartes pontificating about his theories regarding pain?

answer: 1644

question: What did Descartes think pain was?

answer: a disturbance

text: a disturbance

question: What state does the intensive theory conceive pain as being?

answer: emotional

text: emotional

question: What theory perceives pain as being a specific sensation?

answer: Specificity

text: Specificity

question: Who migrated to the theory of specificity en mass?

answer: psychologists

text: psychologists


text: It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of slaves including the Jewish exiles in Babylon, building infrastructures such as road and postal systems, and the use of an official language, the Imperial Aramaic, throughout its territories. The empire had a centralized, bureaucratic administration under the emperor, a large professional army, and civil services, inspiring similar developments in later empires. Furthermore, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, was built in the empire between 353 and 350 BC.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: in

text: BC

text: million

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: The

text: empire

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: ruled

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: the

text: highest

text: such

text: figure

text: for

text: any

text: empire

text: in

text: history

text: In

text: Greek

text: history

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: is

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: antagonist

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: for

text: the

text: emancipation

text: of

text: slaves

text: including

text: the

text: Jewish

text: exiles

text: in

text: Babylon

text: building

text: infrastructures

text: such

text: as

text: road

text: and

text: postal

text: systems

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Aramaic

text: throughout

text: its

text: territories

text: The

text: empire

text: had

text: a

text: centralized

text: bureaucratic

text: administration

text: under

text: the

text: emperor

text: a

text: large

text: professional

text: army

text: and

text: civil

text: services

text: inspiring

text: similar

text: developments

text: in

text: later

text: empires

text: Furthermore

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Wonders

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: World

text: the

text: Mausoleum

text: at

text: Halicarnassus

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: empire

text: between

text: and

text: BC

question: The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence?

answer: the Greek city states

text: the Greek city states

question: How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC?

answer: 50 million people

text: 50 million people

question: The Achaemenid Empire had what percentage of the word's population in 480BC?

answer: 44% of the world's population

text: 44% of the world's population

question: What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language?

answer: Imperial Aramaic

text: Imperial Aramaic

question: What Seven Wonder of the Ancient world was built by the Archaemenid Empire in the 4th Century BC?

answer: the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

text: the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus


text: Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition parties are registered.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: above

text: issues

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: political

text: parties

text: are

text: pan

text: national

text: and

text: secular

text: in

text: character

text: though

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: preclude

text: the

text: continuing

text: preeminence

text: of

text: the

text: dominant

text: ethnicities

text: The

text: major

text: political

text: parties

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: included

text: the

text: then

text: ruling

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: which

text: maintains

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: and

text: respectively

text: the

text: opposition

text: formerly

text: All

text: Nigeria

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: now

text: All

text: Progressives

text: Congress

text: has

text: House

text: seats

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: and

text: About

text: twenty

text: minor

text: opposition

text: parties

text: are

text: registered

question: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the House?

answer: 223

question: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the Senate?

answer: 76

question: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the House?

answer: 96

question: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the Senate?

answer: 27

question: How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have?

answer: About twenty

text: About twenty


text: Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: i

text: saʊθˈæmptən

text: -hæmptən/

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: is

text: situated

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: miles

text: km

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: Southampton

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: port

text: and

text: the

text: closest

text: city

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: Forest

text: It

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: northernmost

text: point

text: of

text: Southampton

text: Water

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Test

text: and

text: River

text: Itchen

text: with

text: the

text: River

text: Hamble

text: joining

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: unitary

text: authority

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: in

text: writing

text: to

text: So'ton

text: or

text: Soton

text: and

text: a

text: resident

text: of

text: Southampton

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: Sotonian

question: What's the estimated population of Southampton?

answer: 253,651

question: What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?

answer: Sotonian

text: Sotonian

question: In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?

answer: Hampshire

text: Hampshire

question: How many miles away from London is Southampton?

answer: 75

question: In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?

answer: north-west

text: north-west


text: Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Windows

text: in

text: all

text: types

text: of

text: buildings

text: were

text: large

text: and

text: regularly

text: placed

text: on

text: a

text: grid

text: this

text: was

text: partly

text: to

text: minimize

text: window

text: tax

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: force

text: throughout

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Some

text: windows

text: were

text: subsequently

text: bricked

text: in

text: Their

text: height

text: increasingly

text: varied

text: between

text: the

text: floors

text: and

text: they

text: increasingly

text: began

text: below

text: waist

text: height

text: in

text: the

text: main

text: rooms

text: making

text: a

text: small

text: balcony

text: desirable

text: Before

text: this

text: the

text: internal

text: plan

text: and

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: rooms

text: can

text: generally

text: not

text: be

text: deduced

text: from

text: the

text: outside

text: To

text: open

text: these

text: large

text: windows

text: the

text: sash

text: window

text: already

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: became

text: very

text: widespread

text: Corridor

text: plans

text: became

text: universal

text: inside

text: larger

text: houses

question: What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?

answer: window tax

text: window tax

question: When was the sash window developed?

answer: the 1670s

text: the 1670s

question: What plans became universal inside larger houses?

answer: Corridor plans

text: Corridor plans

question: What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?

answer: the internal plan and function of the rooms

text: the internal plan and function of the rooms

question: What aspect of windows generally varied between floors?

answer: Their height

text: Their height


text: New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl is commonly used for modern audiophile vinyl releases in all genres. Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play. 180 g vinyl is more expensive to produce only because it uses more vinyl. Manufacturing processes are identical regardless of weight. In fact, pressing lightweight records requires more care. An exception is the propensity of 200 g pressings to be slightly more prone to non-fill, when the vinyl biscuit does not sufficiently fill a deep groove during pressing (percussion or vocal amplitude changes are the usual locations of these artifacts). This flaw causes a grinding or scratching sound at the non-fill point.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: New

text: or

text: virgin

text: heavy

text: heavyweight

text: g

text: vinyl

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: for

text: modern

text: audiophile

text: vinyl

text: releases

text: in

text: all

text: genres

text: Many

text: collectors

text: prefer

text: to

text: have

text: heavyweight

text: vinyl

text: albums

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: reported

text: to

text: have

text: better

text: sound

text: than

text: normal

text: vinyl

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: higher

text: tolerance

text: against

text: deformation

text: caused

text: by

text: normal

text: play

text: g

text: vinyl

text: is

text: more

text: expensive

text: to

text: produce

text: only

text: because

text: it

text: uses

text: more

text: vinyl

text: Manufacturing

text: processes

text: are

text: identical

text: regardless

text: of

text: weight

text: In

text: fact

text: pressing

text: lightweight

text: records

text: requires

text: more

text: care

text: An

text: exception

text: is

text: the

text: propensity

text: of

text: g

text: pressings

text: to

text: be

text: slightly

text: more

text: prone

text: to

text: non

text: fill

text: when

text: the

text: vinyl

text: biscuit

text: does

text: not

text: sufficiently

text: fill

text: a

text: deep

text: groove

text: during

text: pressing

text: percussion

text: or

text: vocal

text: amplitude

text: changes

text: are

text: the

text: usual

text: locations

text: of

text: these

text: artifacts

text: This

text: flaw

text: causes

text: a

text: grinding

text: or

text: scratching

text: sound

text: at

text: the

text: non

text: fill

text: point

question: What is the most used material for modern audiophile vinyl releases?

answer: New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl

text: New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl

question: What is the material preference of collectors?

answer: heavyweight vinyl

text: heavyweight vinyl

question: How does the manufacturing process differ between heavyweight and normal vinyl?

answer: Manufacturing processes are identical

text: Manufacturing processes are identical

question: Would would a non filled area in a vinyl press cause when listening to a record?

answer: grinding or scratching sound

text: grinding or scratching sound

question: Which pressing of vinyl require more attention to detail, lightweight or heavyweight?

answer: lightweight records requires more care

text: lightweight records requires more care


text: Because the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which they placed on 21 March. However, the Church of Rome still regarded 25 March as the equinox (until 342) and used a different cycle to compute the day of the moon. In the Alexandrian system, since the 14th day of the Easter moon could fall at earliest on 21 March its first day could fall no earlier than 8 March and no later than 5 April. This meant that Easter varied between 22 March and 25 April. In Rome, Easter was not allowed to fall later than 21 April, that being the day of the Parilia or birthday of Rome and a pagan festival.The first day of the Easter moon could fall no earlier than 5 March and no later than 2 April.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Because

text: the

text: spring

text: equinox

text: was

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: Easter

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: considered

text: the

text: seasonal

text: drift

text: in

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: Easter

text: undesirable

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: celebrated

text: Easter

text: on

text: the

text: Sunday

text: after

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: computed

text: using

text: the

text: Metonic

text: cycle

text: that

text: falls

text: on

text: or

text: after

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: which

text: they

text: placed

text: on

text: March

text: However

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Rome

text: still

text: regarded

text: March

text: as

text: the

text: equinox

text: until

text: and

text: used

text: a

text: different

text: cycle

text: to

text: compute

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: In

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: system

text: since

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: Easter

text: moon

text: could

text: fall

text: at

text: earliest

text: on

text: March

text: its

text: first

text: day

text: could

text: fall

text: no

text: earlier

text: than

text: March

text: and

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: April

text: This

text: meant

text: that

text: Easter

text: varied

text: between

text: March

text: and

text: April

text: In

text: Rome

text: Easter

text: was

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: fall

text: later

text: than

text: April

text: that

text: being

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: Parilia

text: or

text: birthday

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: a

text: pagan

text: festival

text: The

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: Easter

text: moon

text: could

text: fall

text: no

text: earlier

text: than

text: March

text: and

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: April

question: Who thought that the seasonal drift in the date of Easter unacceptable?

answer: Roman Catholic Church

text: Roman Catholic Church

question: What even is tired to the date for Easter?

answer: spring equinox

text: spring equinox

question: What did the Church of Alexandria use to calculate the date of Easter?

answer: Metonic cycle

text: Metonic cycle

question: Where did the Church of Alexandria place the vernal equinox?

answer: 21 March

text: 21 March

question: Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell?

answer: 25 March

text: 25 March


text: Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis. Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees and the International Red Cross, based in Geneva, played an important part during the conflict. Strict immigration and asylum policies as well as the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy, but not until the end of the 20th century.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: trade

text: was

text: blockaded

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Axis

text: Economic

text: cooperation

text: and

text: extension

text: of

text: credit

text: to

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: varied

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: perceived

text: likelihood

text: of

text: invasion

text: and

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: other

text: trading

text: partners

text: Concessions

text: reached

text: a

text: peak

text: after

text: a

text: crucial

text: rail

text: link

text: through

text: Vichy

text: France

text: was

text: severed

text: in

text: leaving

text: Switzerland

text: completely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Axis

text: Over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Switzerland

text: interned

text: over

text: refugees

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Red

text: Cross

text: based

text: in

text: Geneva

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: during

text: the

text: conflict

text: Strict

text: immigration

text: and

text: asylum

text: policies

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: financial

text: relationships

text: with

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: raised

text: controversy

text: but

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: Who blockaded Switzerland's trade during World War II?

answer: by both the Allies and by the Axis

text: by both the Allies and by the Axis

question: What was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis?

answer: a crucial rail link through Vichy France

text: a crucial rail link through Vichy France

question: How many refugees did Switzerland intern during World War II?

answer: over 300,000

text: over 300,000

question: When did the financial relationship Switzerland had with Nazi Germany begin to raise controversy?

answer: end of the 20th century

text: end of the 20th century

question: Where was the International Red Cross based?

answer: Geneva

text: Geneva


text: The ship RMS Saint Helena runs between St Helena and Cape Town on a 5-day voyage, also visiting Ascension Island and Walvis Bay, and occasionally voyaging north to Tenerife and Portland, UK. It berths in James Bay, St Helena approximately thirty times per year. The RMS Saint Helena was due for decommissioning in 2010. However, its service life has been extended indefinitely until the airport is completed.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: ship

text: RMS

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: runs

text: between

text: St

text: Helena

text: and

text: Cape

text: Town

text: on

text: a

text: voyage

text: also

text: visiting

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: and

text: Walvis

text: Bay

text: and

text: occasionally

text: voyaging

text: north

text: to

text: Tenerife

text: and

text: Portland

text: UK

text: It

text: berths

text: in

text: James

text: Bay

text: St

text: Helena

text: approximately

text: thirty

text: times

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: RMS

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: was

text: due

text: for

text: decommissioning

text: in

text: However

text: its

text: service

text: life

text: has

text: been

text: extended

text: indefinitely

text: until

text: the

text: airport

text: is

text: completed

question: What ship runs between Saint Helena and Cape town on 5 day voyages?

answer: RMS Saint Helena

text: RMS Saint Helena

question: What year was the RMS Saint Helena supposed to be decommissioned?

answer: 2010

question: What needs to be completed before the RMS Saint Helena can be decommissioned?

answer: the airport

text: the airport


text: On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: On

text: January

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: HP

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: sell

text: HP

text: branded

text: iPods

text: under

text: a

text: license

text: agreement

text: from

text: Apple

text: Several

text: new

text: retail

text: channels

text: were

text: used

text: including

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: and

text: these

text: iPods

text: eventually

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: all

text: iPod

text: sales

text: In

text: July

text: HP

text: stopped

text: selling

text: iPods

text: due

text: to

text: unfavorable

text: terms

text: and

text: conditions

text: imposed

text: by

text: Apple

question: When did HP unveil their own edition of the iPod?

answer: January 8, 2004

text: January 8, 2004

question: What does HP stand for?

answer: Hewlett-Packard

text: Hewlett-Packard

question: What major retailer sold HP-branded iPod devices?

answer: Wal-Mart

text: Wal-Mart

question: HP-branded iPods accounted for what share of iPod purchases?

answer: 5%

question: What kind of terms and conditions led HP to leave the iPod market?

answer: unfavorable

text: unfavorable

question: Which computer company sold iPods from 2004-05 as part of a license agreement with Apple?

answer: HP

text: HP


text: In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the supply of relatively safe, income generating investments had not grown as fast. Investment banks on Wall Street answered this demand with products such as the mortgage-backed security and the collateralized debt obligation that were assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: a

text: Peabody

text: Award

text: winning

text: program

text: NPR

text: correspondents

text: argued

text: that

text: a

text: Giant

text: Pool

text: of

text: Money

text: represented

text: by

text: trillion

text: in

text: worldwide

text: fixed

text: income

text: investments

text: sought

text: higher

text: yields

text: than

text: those

text: offered

text: by

text: U.S.

text: Treasury

text: bonds

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: This

text: pool

text: of

text: money

text: had

text: roughly

text: doubled

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: to

text: yet

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: relatively

text: safe

text: income

text: generating

text: investments

text: had

text: not

text: grown

text: as

text: fast

text: Investment

text: banks

text: on

text: Wall

text: Street

text: answered

text: this

text: demand

text: with

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: mortgage

text: backed

text: security

text: and

text: the

text: collateralized

text: debt

text: obligation

text: that

text: were

text: assigned

text: safe

text: ratings

text: by

text: the

text: credit

text: rating

text: agencies

question: What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies?

answer: collateralized debt obligation

text: collateralized debt obligation

question: How much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments?

answer: $70 trillion

text: $70 trillion

question: How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007?

answer: roughly doubled in size

text: roughly doubled in size

question: What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments?

answer: mortgage-backed security

text: mortgage-backed security

question: In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment?

answer: U.S. Treasury bonds

text: U.S. Treasury bonds


text: Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained acceptance in recent decades.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: Immanuel

text: Velikovsky

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: recent

text: scientific

text: exoheretic

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: appropriate

text: scientific

text: credentials

text: or

text: did

text: not

text: publish

text: in

text: scientific

text: journals

text: While

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: are

text: in

text: scientific

text: disrepute

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: catastrophic

text: change

text: extinction

text: event

text: and

text: punctuated

text: equilibrium

text: has

text: gained

text: acceptance

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

question: What label is associated with Immanuel Velikovsky due to his works outside the accepted discipline?

answer: exoheretic

text: exoheretic

question: What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?

answer: scientific journals

text: scientific journals

question: What two examples of ideas from Immanuel Velikovsky are stated as to have gained some acceptance?

answer: extinction event and punctuated equilibrium

text: extinction event and punctuated equilibrium


text: Many factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially. Due to poor employment opportunities for many parents, sending their children to work on farms and in factories was a way to help feed and support the family. Child Labour first started to occur in England when household businesses were turned into local labour markets that mass-produced the once homemade goods. Because children often helped produce the goods out of their homes, working in a factory to make those same goods was a simple change for many of these youths. Although there are many counts of children under the age of ten working for factories, the majority of children workers were between the ages of ten and fourteen. This age range was an important time for many youths as they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Many

text: factors

text: played

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: Britain

text: ’s

text: long

text: term

text: economic

text: growth

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: industrial

text: revolution

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: the

text: prominent

text: presence

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: during

text: the

text: industrial

text: age

text: Children

text: who

text: worked

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: were

text: often

text: not

text: forced

text: but

text: did

text: so

text: because

text: they

text: needed

text: to

text: help

text: their

text: family

text: survive

text: financially

text: Due

text: to

text: poor

text: employment

text: opportunities

text: for

text: many

text: parents

text: sending

text: their

text: children

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: farms

text: and

text: in

text: factories

text: was

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: help

text: feed

text: and

text: support

text: the

text: family

text: Child

text: Labour

text: first

text: started

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: England

text: when

text: household

text: businesses

text: were

text: turned

text: into

text: local

text: labour

text: markets

text: that

text: mass

text: produced

text: the

text: once

text: homemade

text: goods

text: Because

text: children

text: often

text: helped

text: produce

text: the

text: goods

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: homes

text: working

text: in

text: a

text: factory

text: to

text: make

text: those

text: same

text: goods

text: was

text: a

text: simple

text: change

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: youths

text: Although

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: counts

text: of

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: ten

text: working

text: for

text: factories

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: children

text: workers

text: were

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: ten

text: and

text: fourteen

text: This

text: age

text: range

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: time

text: for

text: many

text: youths

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: first

text: helping

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: their

text: families

text: while

text: also

text: transitioning

text: to

text: save

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: future

text: families

question: If not forced why did children work?

answer: to help feed and support the family

text: to help feed and support the family

question: What was the age of the majority of child workers in Britain?

answer: between the ages of ten and fourteen

text: between the ages of ten and fourteen

question: Why was this age range important?

answer: they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families

text: they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families

question: How were the work oppurtunies for parents during this time period?

answer: poor

text: poor