text: Vinyl pressings were made with stampers from master cuts that were electroplated in vacuo by means of gold sputtering. Audio response was claimed out to 8,000 Hz, later 13,000 Hz, using light weight pickups employing jeweled styli. Amplifiers and cutters both using negative feedback were employed thereby improving the range of frequencies cut and lowering distortion levels. Radio transcription producers such as World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers (AMP) were the dominant licensees of the Western Electric wide range system and towards the end of the 1930s were responsible for two-thirds of the total radio transcription business. These recordings use a bass turnover of 300 Hz and a 10,000 Hz rolloff of −8.5 dB.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Vinyl

text: pressings

text: were

text: made

text: with

text: stampers

text: from

text: master

text: cuts

text: that

text: were

text: electroplated

text: in

text: vacuo

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: gold

text: sputtering

text: Audio

text: response

text: was

text: claimed

text: out

text: to

text: Hz

text: later

text: Hz

text: using

text: light

text: weight

text: pickups

text: employing

text: jeweled

text: styli

text: Amplifiers

text: and

text: cutters

text: both

text: using

text: negative

text: feedback

text: were

text: employed

text: thereby

text: improving

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: frequencies

text: cut

text: and

text: lowering

text: distortion

text: levels

text: Radio

text: transcription

text: producers

text: such

text: as

text: World

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: and

text: Associated

text: Music

text: Publishers

text: AMP

text: were

text: the

text: dominant

text: licensees

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Electric

text: wide

text: range

text: system

text: and

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: radio

text: transcription

text: business

text: These

text: recordings

text: use

text: a

text: bass

text: turnover

text: of

text: Hz

text: and

text: a

text: Hz

text: rolloff

text: of

text: dB.

question: What were used to make vinyl pressings?

answer: master cuts

text: master cuts

question: What were the top licensees of the Western Electric system in the 1930s?

answer: World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers

text: World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers

question: Who was responsible for 2/3 of all recordings in the 1930s?

answer: World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers

text: World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers

question: How was gold spluttering used in vinyl creation?

answer: cuts that were electroplated in vacuo by means of gold sputtering

text: cuts that were electroplated in vacuo by means of gold sputtering


text: Financial problems and a reduction in tourism led to Norfolk Island's administration appealing to the Australian federal government for assistance in 2010. In return, the islanders were to pay income tax for the first time but would be eligible for greater welfare benefits. However, by May 2013 agreement had not been reached and islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare. An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on 12 March 2015 to replace self-government with a local council but against the wishes of the Norfolk Island government. A majority of Norfolk Islanders have objected to the Australian plan to make changes to Norfolk Island without first consulting them and allowing their say with 68% of voters against forced changes.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Financial

text: problems

text: and

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: tourism

text: led

text: to

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: 's

text: administration

text: appealing

text: to

text: the

text: Australian

text: federal

text: government

text: for

text: assistance

text: in

text: In

text: return

text: the

text: islanders

text: were

text: to

text: pay

text: income

text: tax

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: but

text: would

text: be

text: eligible

text: for

text: greater

text: welfare

text: benefits

text: However

text: by

text: May

text: agreement

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: reached

text: and

text: islanders

text: were

text: having

text: to

text: leave

text: to

text: find

text: work

text: and

text: welfare

text: An

text: agreement

text: was

text: finally

text: signed

text: in

text: Canberra

text: on

text: March

text: to

text: replace

text: self

text: government

text: with

text: a

text: local

text: council

text: but

text: against

text: the

text: wishes

text: of

text: the

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: government

text: A

text: majority

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: Islanders

text: have

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: Australian

text: plan

text: to

text: make

text: changes

text: to

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: without

text: first

text: consulting

text: them

text: and

text: allowing

text: their

text: say

text: with

text: of

text: voters

text: against

text: forced

text: changes

question: What lead to Norfolk Island asking for assistance from Australia in 2010?

answer: Financial problems and a reduction in tourism

text: Financial problems and a reduction in tourism

question: What benefit were residents of Norfolk Island told they would receive as a result of Australia's assistance?

answer: greater welfare benefits

text: greater welfare benefits

question: What actually ended up happening after Norfolk Island asked Australia for help?

answer: islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare

text: islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare

question: An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on March 12, 2015, to do what for Norfolk Island?

answer: replace self-government with a local council

text: replace self-government with a local council

question: What percentage of Norfolk Island voters were against the changes brought by Australia?

answer: 68%


text: Unlike in multicellular organisms, increases in cell size (cell growth) and reproduction by cell division are tightly linked in unicellular organisms. Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely rapidly, and bacterial populations can double as quickly as every 9.8 minutes. In cell division, two identical clone daughter cells are produced. Some bacteria, while still reproducing asexually, form more complex reproductive structures that help disperse the newly formed daughter cells. Examples include fruiting body formation by Myxobacteria and aerial hyphae formation by Streptomyces, or budding. Budding involves a cell forming a protrusion that breaks away and produces a daughter cell.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Unlike

text: in

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: increases

text: in

text: cell

text: size

text: cell

text: growth

text: and

text: reproduction

text: by

text: cell

text: division

text: are

text: tightly

text: linked

text: in

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: Bacteria

text: grow

text: to

text: a

text: fixed

text: size

text: and

text: then

text: reproduce

text: through

text: binary

text: fission

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: asexual

text: reproduction

text: Under

text: optimal

text: conditions

text: bacteria

text: can

text: grow

text: and

text: divide

text: extremely

text: rapidly

text: and

text: bacterial

text: populations

text: can

text: double

text: as

text: quickly

text: as

text: every

text: minutes

text: In

text: cell

text: division

text: two

text: identical

text: clone

text: daughter

text: cells

text: are

text: produced

text: Some

text: bacteria

text: while

text: still

text: reproducing

text: asexually

text: form

text: more

text: complex

text: reproductive

text: structures

text: that

text: help

text: disperse

text: the

text: newly

text: formed

text: daughter

text: cells

text: Examples

text: include

text: fruiting

text: body

text: formation

text: by

text: Myxobacteria

text: and

text: aerial

text: hyphae

text: formation

text: by

text: Streptomyces

text: or

text: budding

text: Budding

text: involves

text: a

text: cell

text: forming

text: a

text: protrusion

text: that

text: breaks

text: away

text: and

text: produces

text: a

text: daughter

text: cell

question: How size and reproduction are linked in bacteria?

answer: Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce

text: Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce

question: How does bacteria reproduce?

answer: through binary fission

text: through binary fission

question: If the conditions are right how long does it take for bacteria to reproduce?

answer: divide extremely rapidly

text: divide extremely rapidly

question: What are produced in cell division?

answer: two identical clone daughter cells

text: two identical clone daughter cells


text: Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Historically

text: pubs

text: have

text: been

text: socially

text: and

text: culturally

text: distinct

text: from

text: cafés

text: bars

text: and

text: German

text: beer

text: halls

text: Most

text: pubs

text: offer

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: beers

text: wines

text: spirits

text: and

text: soft

text: drinks

text: and

text: snacks

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: windows

text: of

text: town

text: pubs

text: were

text: of

text: smoked

text: or

text: frosted

text: glass

text: to

text: obscure

text: the

text: clientele

text: from

text: the

text: street

text: but

text: from

text: the

text: onwards

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: move

text: towards

text: clear

text: glass

text: in

text: keeping

text: with

text: brighter

text: interiors

question: Why were the windows of town pubs made of smoked or frosted glass traditionally?

answer: to obscure the clientele from the street

text: to obscure the clientele from the street

question: What fares do most pubs offer?

answer: beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks

text: beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks

question: What are traditional pub windows made out of?

answer: smoked or frosted glass

text: smoked or frosted glass

question: What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?

answer: clear glass

text: clear glass

question: Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?

answer: snacks

text: snacks


text: In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had failed in generating mass public participation. In the new movement, Nasser attempted to incorporate more citizens, approved by local-level party committees, in order to solidify popular backing for his government. The NU would select a nominee for the presidential election whose name would be provided for public approval.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: new

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Egypt

text: was

text: drafted

text: entailing

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: party

text: system

text: under

text: the

text: National

text: Union

text: NU

text: a

text: movement

text: Nasser

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cadre

text: through

text: which

text: we

text: will

text: realize

text: our

text: revolution

text: The

text: NU

text: was

text: a

text: reconfiguration

text: of

text: the

text: Liberation

text: Rally

text: which

text: Nasser

text: determined

text: had

text: failed

text: in

text: generating

text: mass

text: public

text: participation

text: In

text: the

text: new

text: movement

text: Nasser

text: attempted

text: to

text: incorporate

text: more

text: citizens

text: approved

text: by

text: local

text: level

text: party

text: committees

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: solidify

text: popular

text: backing

text: for

text: his

text: government

text: The

text: NU

text: would

text: select

text: a

text: nominee

text: for

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: whose

text: name

text: would

text: be

text: provided

text: for

text: public

text: approval

question: In what year did Egypt get a new constitution?

answer: 1956

question: What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution?

answer: single-party system

text: single-party system

question: What was the dominant political party?

answer: National Union

text: National Union

question: From what group did the National Union originate?

answer: Liberation Rally

text: Liberation Rally

question: Who did Nasser want more involved in his new political order?

answer: citizens

text: citizens


text: From earliest days, Virginia, and Richmond in particular, have welcomed live theatrical performances. From Lewis Hallam's early productions of Shakespeare in Williamsburg, the focus shifted to Richmond's antebellum prominence as a main colonial and early 19th century performance venue for such celebrated American and English actors as William Macready, Edwin Forrest, and the Booth family. In the 20th century, Richmonders' love of theater continued with many amateur troupes and regular touring professional productions. In the 1960s a small renaissance or golden age accompanied the growth of professional dinner theaters and the fostering of theater by the Virginia Museum, reaching a peak in the 1970s with the establishment of a resident Equity company at the Virginia Museum Theater (now the Leslie Cheek) and the birth of Theatre IV, a company that continues to this day.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: From

text: earliest

text: days

text: Virginia

text: and

text: Richmond

text: in

text: particular

text: have

text: welcomed

text: live

text: theatrical

text: performances

text: From

text: Lewis

text: Hallam

text: 's

text: early

text: productions

text: of

text: Shakespeare

text: in

text: Williamsburg

text: the

text: focus

text: shifted

text: to

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: antebellum

text: prominence

text: as

text: a

text: main

text: colonial

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: performance

text: venue

text: for

text: such

text: celebrated

text: American

text: and

text: English

text: actors

text: as

text: William

text: Macready

text: Edwin

text: Forrest

text: and

text: the

text: Booth

text: family

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Richmonders

text: love

text: of

text: theater

text: continued

text: with

text: many

text: amateur

text: troupes

text: and

text: regular

text: touring

text: professional

text: productions

text: In

text: the

text: a

text: small

text: renaissance

text: or

text: golden

text: age

text: accompanied

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: professional

text: dinner

text: theaters

text: and

text: the

text: fostering

text: of

text: theater

text: by

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Museum

text: reaching

text: a

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: resident

text: Equity

text: company

text: at

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Museum

text: Theater

text: now

text: the

text: Leslie

text: Cheek

text: and

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Theatre

text: IV

text: a

text: company

text: that

text: continues

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: In what city did Lewis Hallam present Shakespeare's plays?

answer: Williamsburg

text: Williamsburg

question: What family of actors notably performed in 19th century Richmond?

answer: Booth

text: Booth

question: What is Virginia Museum Theater known as today?

answer: Leslie Cheek

text: Leslie Cheek

question: During what decade did the Virginia Museum most significantly work to promote theater in Richmond?

answer: 1970s


text: Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Later

text: the

text: public

text: bars

text: gradually

text: improved

text: until

text: sometimes

text: almost

text: the

text: only

text: difference

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: prices

text: so

text: that

text: customers

text: could

text: choose

text: between

text: economy

text: and

text: exclusivity

text: or

text: youth

text: and

text: age

text: or

text: a

text: jukebox

text: or

text: dartboard).[citation

text: needed

text: With

text: the

text: blurring

text: of

text: class

text: divisions

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: needed

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: saloon

text: and

text: the

text: public

text: bar

text: was

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: archaic,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: was

text: frequently

text: abolished

text: usually

text: by

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: dividing

text: wall

text: or

text: partition.[citation

text: needed

text: While

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: saloon

text: and

text: public

text: bar

text: may

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: doors

text: of

text: pubs

text: the

text: prices

text: and

text: often

text: the

text: standard

text: of

text: furnishings

text: and

text: decoration

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: throughout

text: the

text: premises

text: and

text: many

text: pubs

text: now

text: comprise

text: one

text: large

text: room

text: However

text: the

text: modern

text: importance

text: of

text: dining

text: in

text: pubs

text: encourages

text: some

text: establishments

text: to

text: maintain

text: distinct

text: rooms

text: or

text: areas

question: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?

answer: the 1960s and 1970s

text: the 1960s and 1970s

question: What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?

answer: removal of the dividing wall or partition

text: removal of the dividing wall or partition


text: As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate can be large enough to detect outside the skull, using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). EEG recordings, along with recordings made from electrodes implanted inside the brains of animals such as rats, show that the brain of a living animal is constantly active, even during sleep. Each part of the brain shows a mixture of rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity, which may vary according to behavioral state. In mammals, the cerebral cortex tends to show large slow delta waves during sleep, faster alpha waves when the animal is awake but inattentive, and chaotic-looking irregular activity when the animal is actively engaged in a task. During an epileptic seizure, the brain's inhibitory control mechanisms fail to function and electrical activity rises to pathological levels, producing EEG traces that show large wave and spike patterns not seen in a healthy brain. Relating these population-level patterns to the computational functions of individual neurons is a major focus of current research in neurophysiology.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: As

text: a

text: side

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: electrochemical

text: processes

text: used

text: by

text: neurons

text: for

text: signaling

text: brain

text: tissue

text: generates

text: electric

text: fields

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: active

text: When

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: neurons

text: show

text: synchronized

text: activity

text: the

text: electric

text: fields

text: that

text: they

text: generate

text: can

text: be

text: large

text: enough

text: to

text: detect

text: outside

text: the

text: skull

text: using

text: electroencephalography

text: EEG

text: or

text: magnetoencephalography

text: MEG

text: EEG

text: recordings

text: along

text: with

text: recordings

text: made

text: from

text: electrodes

text: implanted

text: inside

text: the

text: brains

text: of

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: rats

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: brain

text: of

text: a

text: living

text: animal

text: is

text: constantly

text: active

text: even

text: during

text: sleep

text: Each

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: shows

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: rhythmic

text: and

text: nonrhythmic

text: activity

text: which

text: may

text: vary

text: according

text: to

text: behavioral

text: state

text: In

text: mammals

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: tends

text: to

text: show

text: large

text: slow

text: delta

text: waves

text: during

text: sleep

text: faster

text: alpha

text: waves

text: when

text: the

text: animal

text: is

text: awake

text: but

text: inattentive

text: and

text: chaotic

text: looking

text: irregular

text: activity

text: when

text: the

text: animal

text: is

text: actively

text: engaged

text: in

text: a

text: task

text: During

text: an

text: epileptic

text: seizure

text: the

text: brain

text: 's

text: inhibitory

text: control

text: mechanisms

text: fail

text: to

text: function

text: and

text: electrical

text: activity

text: rises

text: to

text: pathological

text: levels

text: producing

text: EEG

text: traces

text: that

text: show

text: large

text: wave

text: and

text: spike

text: patterns

text: not

text: seen

text: in

text: a

text: healthy

text: brain

text: Relating

text: these

text: population

text: level

text: patterns

text: to

text: the

text: computational

text: functions

text: of

text: individual

text: neurons

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: focus

text: of

text: current

text: research

text: in

text: neurophysiology

question: An EEG of the brain stands for what?

answer: electroencephalography

text: electroencephalography

question: MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?

answer: magnetoencephalography

text: magnetoencephalography

question: What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep?

answer: EEG

text: EEG

question: What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep?

answer: large slow delta waves

text: large slow delta waves

question: What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive?

answer: faster alpha waves

text: faster alpha waves


text: In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. Later that year, the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: the

text: Musharraf

text: led

text: government

text: took

text: a

text: firm

text: stand

text: against

text: the

text: jihadi

text: organizations

text: and

text: groups

text: promoting

text: extremism

text: and

text: arrested

text: Maulana

text: Masood

text: Azhar

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Jaish

text: e

text: Mohammed

text: and

text: Hafiz

text: Muhammad

text: Saeed

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Lashkar

text: e

text: Taiba

text: and

text: took

text: dozens

text: of

text: activists

text: into

text: custody

text: An

text: official

text: ban

text: was

text: imposed

text: on

text: the

text: groups

text: on

text: January

text: Later

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: Saudi

text: born

text: Zayn

text: al

text: Abidn

text: Muhammed

text: Hasayn

text: Abu

text: Zubaydah

text: was

text: arrested

text: by

text: Pakistani

text: officials

text: during

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: joint

text: U.S

text: Pakistan

text: raids

text: Zubaydah

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: high

text: ranking

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: official

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: operations

text: chief

text: and

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: running

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: training

text: camps

text: Other

text: prominent

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: members

text: were

text: arrested

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: two

text: years

text: namely

text: Ramzi

text: bin

text: al

text: Shibh

text: who

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: financial

text: backer

text: of

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: operations

text: and

text: Khalid

text: Sheikh

text: Mohammed

text: who

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: capture

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: ranking

text: official

text: in

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: directly

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: planning

text: for

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

question: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?

answer: 2002

question: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?

answer: Jaish-e-Mohammed

text: Jaish-e-Mohammed

question: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?

answer: Lashkar-e-Taiba

text: Lashkar-e-Taiba

question: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?

answer: Saudi

text: Saudi

question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?

answer: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

text: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed


text: In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network. As of 2006, films that have been rescored include the 1921 Rudolph Valentino film Camille, two Lon Chaney films: 1921's The Ace of Hearts and 1928's Laugh, Clown, Laugh, and Greta Garbo's 1926 film The Temptress.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: In

text: TCM

text: started

text: the

text: annual

text: Young

text: Composers

text: Film

text: Competition

text: inviting

text: aspiring

text: composers

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: a

text: judged

text: competition

text: that

text: offers

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: each

text: year

text: 's

text: competition

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: score

text: a

text: restored

text: feature

text: length

text: silent

text: film

text: as

text: a

text: grand

text: prize

text: mentored

text: by

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: composer

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: work

text: subsequently

text: premiering

text: on

text: the

text: network

text: As

text: of

text: films

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: rescored

text: include

text: the

text: Rudolph

text: Valentino

text: film

text: Camille

text: two

text: Lon

text: Chaney

text: films

text: 's

text: The

text: Ace

text: of

text: Hearts

text: and

text: 's

text: Laugh

text: Clown

text: Laugh

text: and

text: Greta

text: Garbo

text: 's

text: film

text: The

text: Temptress

question: In what year did TCM begin the Young Composers Film Competition?

answer: 2000

question: How often is the Young Composers Film Competition?

answer: annual

text: annual

question: What is the grand prize in the Young Composers Film Competition?

answer: score a restored, feature-length silent film

text: score a restored, feature-length silent film

question: In what year was Laugh, Clown, Laugh released?

answer: 1928

question: Who starred in The Temptress?

answer: Greta Garbo

text: Greta Garbo


text: John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: remained

text: Lord

text: of

text: Ireland

text: throughout

text: his

text: reign

text: He

text: drew

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: for

text: resources

text: to

text: fight

text: his

text: war

text: with

text: Philip

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: Conflict

text: continued

text: in

text: Ireland

text: between

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: settlers

text: and

text: the

text: indigenous

text: Irish

text: chieftains

text: with

text: John

text: manipulating

text: both

text: groups

text: to

text: expand

text: his

text: wealth

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: During

text: Richard

text: 's

text: rule

text: John

text: had

text: successfully

text: increased

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: his

text: lands

text: in

text: Ireland

text: and

text: he

text: continued

text: this

text: policy

text: as

text: king

text: In

text: the

text: king

text: crossed

text: into

text: Ireland

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: army

text: to

text: crush

text: a

text: rebellion

text: by

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: lords

text: he

text: reasserted

text: his

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: used

text: a

text: new

text: charter

text: to

text: order

text: compliance

text: with

text: English

text: laws

text: and

text: customs

text: in

text: Ireland

text: John

text: stopped

text: short

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: actively

text: enforce

text: this

text: charter

text: on

text: the

text: native

text: Irish

text: kingdoms

text: but

text: historian

text: David

text: Carpenter

text: suspects

text: that

text: he

text: might

text: have

text: done

text: so

text: had

text: the

text: baronial

text: conflict

text: in

text: England

text: not

text: intervened

text: Simmering

text: tensions

text: remained

text: with

text: the

text: native

text: Irish

text: leaders

text: even

text: after

text: John

text: left

text: for

text: England

question: John remained what throughout his reign?

answer: Lord of Ireland

text: Lord of Ireland

question: When did the king cross into Ireland with a large army?

answer: 1210

question: During Richard's rule, what did John successfully do?

answer: increased the size of his lands in Ireland

text: increased the size of his lands in Ireland


text: In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. On the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel, the complement of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red.

title: Green

title: Green

text: In

text: the

text: subtractive

text: color

text: system

text: used

text: in

text: painting

text: and

text: color

text: printing

text: green

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: yellow

text: and

text: blue

text: or

text: yellow

text: and

text: cyan

text: in

text: the

text: RGB

text: color

text: model

text: used

text: on

text: television

text: and

text: computer

text: screens

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: additive

text: primary

text: colors

text: along

text: with

text: red

text: and

text: blue

text: which

text: are

text: mixed

text: in

text: different

text: combinations

text: to

text: create

text: all

text: other

text: colors

text: On

text: the

text: HSV

text: color

text: wheel

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: RGB

text: color

text: wheel

text: the

text: complement

text: of

text: green

text: is

text: magenta

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: color

text: corresponding

text: to

text: an

text: equal

text: mixture

text: of

text: red

text: and

text: blue

text: light

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: purples

text: On

text: a

text: traditional

text: color

text: wheel

text: based

text: on

text: subtractive

text: color

text: the

text: complementary

text: color

text: to

text: green

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: red

question: In which color system is green created by combining yellow and blue?

answer: subtractive

text: subtractive

question: In which color model is green one of the additive primary colors?

answer: RGB

text: RGB

question: What is the complement of green on the HSV color wheel?

answer: magenta

text: magenta

question: What is the complement of green on the traditional color wheel?

answer: red

text: red


text: During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: During

text: the

text: fighting

text: the

text: Communards

text: killed

text: c.

text: people

text: including

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Paris

text: and

text: burned

text: down

text: many

text: government

text: buildings

text: including

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Palace

text: and

text: the

text: Hotel

text: de

text: Ville

text: Communards

text: captured

text: with

text: weapons

text: were

text: routinely

text: shot

text: by

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: Government

text: troops

text: killed

text: from

text: Communards

text: in

text: the

text: fighting

text: and

text: in

text: massacres

text: of

text: men

text: women

text: and

text: children

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Commune

text: More

text: recent

text: histories

text: based

text: on

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: buried

text: in

text: Paris

text: cemeteries

text: and

text: in

text: mass

text: graves

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Commune

text: put

text: the

text: number

text: killed

text: at

text: between

text: and

text: Twenty

text: six

text: courts

text: were

text: established

text: to

text: try

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: arrested

text: which

text: took

text: until

text: and

text: imposed

text: death

text: sentences

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: inflicted

text: Forced

text: labour

text: for

text: life

text: was

text: imposed

text: on

text: people

text: people

text: were

text: transported

text: to

text: a

text: fortified

text: place

text: and

text: people

text: were

text: transported

text: About

text: Communards

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: prison

text: hulks

text: until

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: great

text: many

text: Communards

text: fled

text: abroad

text: to

text: England

text: Switzerland

text: Belgium

text: or

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: survivors

text: were

text: amnestied

text: by

text: a

text: bill

text: introduced

text: by

text: Gambetta

text: in

text: and

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

question: How many were killed by the Communards?

answer: 500 people

text: 500 people

question: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting?

answer: Archbishop of Paris

text: Archbishop of Paris

question: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down?

answer: government buildings

text: government buildings

question: What famous palace was also burned down?

answer: Tuileries Palace

text: Tuileries Palace

question: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?

answer: between 6,000 and 10,000

text: between 6,000 and 10,000


text: Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at the Santa Fe Depot downtown. The downtown branch consists of two building on two opposite streets. The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: Many

text: popular

text: museums

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Natural

text: History

text: Museum

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Museum

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Photographic

text: Arts

text: and

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Air

text: Space

text: Museum

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Balboa

text: Park

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Zoo

text: The

text: Museum

text: of

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: San

text: Diego

text: MCASD

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: La

text: Jolla

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: branch

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Santa

text: Fe

text: Depot

text: downtown

text: The

text: downtown

text: branch

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: building

text: on

text: two

text: opposite

text: streets

text: The

text: Columbia

text: district

text: downtown

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: historic

text: ship

text: exhibits

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Maritime

text: Museum

text: headlined

text: by

text: the

text: Star

text: of

text: India

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: unrelated

text: San

text: Diego

text: Aircraft

text: Carrier

text: Museum

text: featuring

text: the

text: USS

text: Midway

text: aircraft

text: carrier

question: What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot?

answer: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD)

text: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD)

question: In what district can historic ship exhibits be found?

answer: Columbia district downtown

text: Columbia district downtown

question: Where can one find the San Diego Zoo?

answer: Balboa Park

text: Balboa Park

question: Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier?

answer: San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum

text: San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum

question: What space-focused museum is in Balboa Park?

answer: San Diego Air & Space Museum

text: San Diego Air & Space Museum


text: A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others have a reduced life expectancy.[citation needed] Most people with congenital insensitivity to pain have one of five hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (which includes familial dysautonomia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis). These conditions feature decreased sensitivity to pain together with other neurological abnormalities, particularly of the autonomic nervous system. A very rare syndrome with isolated congenital insensitivity to pain has been linked with mutations in the SCN9A gene, which codes for a sodium channel (Nav1.7) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: A

text: much

text: smaller

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: are

text: insensitive

text: to

text: pain

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: inborn

text: abnormality

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: known

text: as

text: congenital

text: insensitivity

text: to

text: pain

text: Children

text: with

text: this

text: condition

text: incur

text: carelessly

text: repeated

text: damage

text: to

text: their

text: tongues

text: eyes

text: joints

text: skin

text: and

text: muscles

text: Some

text: die

text: before

text: adulthood

text: and

text: others

text: have

text: a

text: reduced

text: life

text: expectancy.[citation

text: needed

text: Most

text: people

text: with

text: congenital

text: insensitivity

text: to

text: pain

text: have

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: hereditary

text: sensory

text: and

text: autonomic

text: neuropathies

text: which

text: includes

text: familial

text: dysautonomia

text: and

text: congenital

text: insensitivity

text: to

text: pain

text: with

text: anhidrosis

text: These

text: conditions

text: feature

text: decreased

text: sensitivity

text: to

text: pain

text: together

text: with

text: other

text: neurological

text: abnormalities

text: particularly

text: of

text: the

text: autonomic

text: nervous

text: system

text: A

text: very

text: rare

text: syndrome

text: with

text: isolated

text: congenital

text: insensitivity

text: to

text: pain

text: has

text: been

text: linked

text: with

text: mutations

text: in

text: the

text: gene

text: which

text: codes

text: for

text: a

text: sodium

text: channel

text: necessary

text: in

text: conducting

text: pain

text: nerve

text: stimuli

question: An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what?

answer: pain

text: pain

question: What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system?

answer: congenital insensitivity to pain

text: congenital insensitivity to pain

question: What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain?

answer: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles

text: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles

question: What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?

answer: reduced

text: reduced

question: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?

answer: SCN9A


text: Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the Michigan Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The city provides law enforcement through the Detroit Police Department and emergency services through the Detroit Fire Department.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: courts

text: are

text: state

text: administered

text: and

text: elections

text: are

text: nonpartisan

text: The

text: Probate

text: Court

text: for

text: Wayne

text: County

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Coleman

text: A.

text: Young

text: Municipal

text: Center

text: in

text: downtown

text: Detroit

text: The

text: Circuit

text: Court

text: is

text: located

text: across

text: Gratiot

text: Ave

text: in

text: the

text: Frank

text: Murphy

text: Hall

text: of

text: Justice

text: in

text: downtown

text: Detroit

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Sixth

text: District

text: Court

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: District

text: of

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeals

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: Eastern

text: District

text: of

text: Michigan

text: The

text: city

text: provides

text: law

text: enforcement

text: through

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Police

text: Department

text: and

text: emergency

text: services

text: through

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Fire

text: Department

question: Where is the Circuit Court located?

answer: Frank Murphy Hall of Justice

text: Frank Murphy Hall of Justice

question: Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located?

answer: Coleman A. Young Municipal Center

text: Coleman A. Young Municipal Center

question: Which District Court is Detroit home to?

answer: Thirty-Sixth

text: Thirty-Sixth


text: A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are spread nationally. The landlord of a tied pub may be an employee of the brewery—in which case he/she would be a manager of a managed house, or a self-employed tenant who has entered into a lease agreement with a brewery, a condition of which is the legal obligation (trade tie) only to purchase that brewery's beer. The beer selection is mainly limited to beers brewed by that particular company. The Beer Orders, passed in 1989, were aimed at getting tied houses to offer at least one alternative beer, known as a guest beer, from another brewery. This law has now been repealed but while in force it dramatically altered the industry. Some pubs still offer a regularly changing selection of guest beers.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: A

text: trend

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: was

text: for

text: breweries

text: to

text: run

text: their

text: pubs

text: directly

text: using

text: managers

text: rather

text: than

text: tenants

text: Most

text: such

text: breweries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: regional

text: brewery

text: Shepherd

text: Neame

text: in

text: Kent

text: and

text: Young

text: 's

text: and

text: Fuller

text: 's

text: in

text: London

text: control

text: hundreds

text: of

text: pubs

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: while

text: a

text: few

text: such

text: as

text: Greene

text: King

text: are

text: spread

text: nationally

text: The

text: landlord

text: of

text: a

text: tied

text: pub

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: employee

text: of

text: the

text: brewery

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: he

text: she

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: manager

text: of

text: a

text: managed

text: house

text: or

text: a

text: self

text: employed

text: tenant

text: who

text: has

text: entered

text: into

text: a

text: lease

text: agreement

text: with

text: a

text: brewery

text: a

text: condition

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: legal

text: obligation

text: trade

text: tie

text: only

text: to

text: purchase

text: that

text: brewery

text: 's

text: beer

text: The

text: beer

text: selection

text: is

text: mainly

text: limited

text: to

text: beers

text: brewed

text: by

text: that

text: particular

text: company

text: The

text: Beer

text: Orders

text: passed

text: in

text: were

text: aimed

text: at

text: getting

text: tied

text: houses

text: to

text: offer

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: alternative

text: beer

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: guest

text: beer

text: from

text: another

text: brewery

text: This

text: law

text: has

text: now

text: been

text: repealed

text: but

text: while

text: in

text: force

text: it

text: dramatically

text: altered

text: the

text: industry

text: Some

text: pubs

text: still

text: offer

text: a

text: regularly

text: changing

text: selection

text: of

text: guest

text: beers

question: What is a notable brewery in Kent that owns hundreds of pubs?

answer: Shepherd Neame

text: Shepherd Neame

question: What London breweries each own many pubs?

answer: Young's and Fuller's

text: Young's and Fuller's

question: What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout Britain?

answer: Greene King

text: Greene King

question: What law required that a pub offer at least one beer from a brewery it wasn't tied to?

answer: The Beer Orders

text: The Beer Orders

question: In what year were the Beer Orders passed?

answer: 1989


text: Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: Writings

text: in

text: Estonian

text: became

text: significant

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: ideas

text: of

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: during

text: the

text: Estophile

text: Enlightenment

text: Period

text: Although

text: Baltic

text: Germans

text: at

text: large

text: regarded

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: Estonians

text: as

text: being

text: a

text: fusion

text: with

text: themselves

text: the

text: Estophile

text: educated

text: class

text: admired

text: the

text: ancient

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: Estonians

text: and

text: their

text: era

text: of

text: freedom

text: before

text: the

text: conquests

text: by

text: Danes

text: and

text: Germans

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?

answer: Age of Enlightenment

text: Age of Enlightenment

question: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?

answer: Baltic Germans

text: Baltic Germans

question: Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?

answer: Estophile educated class

text: Estophile educated class

question: Who conquered the ancient Estonians?

answer: Danes and Germans

text: Danes and Germans

question: When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?

answer: 13th century

text: 13th century


text: In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~550 nm; this "green" primary is combined with an orangish-red "red" primary and a purplish-blue "blue" primary to produce any color in between – the RGB color model. A unique green (green appearing neither yellowish nor bluish) is produced on such a device by mixing light from the green primary with some light from the blue primary.

title: Green

title: Green

text: In

text: additive

text: color

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: computer

text: displays

text: and

text: televisions

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: light

text: sources

text: is

text: typically

text: a

text: narrow

text: spectrum

text: yellowish

text: green

text: of

text: dominant

text: wavelength

text: nm

text: this

text: green

text: primary

text: is

text: combined

text: with

text: an

text: orangish

text: red

text: red

text: primary

text: and

text: a

text: purplish

text: blue

text: blue

text: primary

text: to

text: produce

text: any

text: color

text: in

text: between

text: the

text: RGB

text: color

text: model

text: A

text: unique

text: green

text: green

text: appearing

text: neither

text: yellowish

text: nor

text: bluish

text: is

text: produced

text: on

text: such

text: a

text: device

text: by

text: mixing

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: green

text: primary

text: with

text: some

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: blue

text: primary

question: What is produced on a computer display when light from the green primary is mixed with some light from the blue primary?

answer: A unique green

text: A unique green

question: At what wavelength is green on computer displays?

answer: ~550 nm

text: ~550 nm

question: What type of color devices are computer displays and televisions?

answer: additive

text: additive


text: Wherever the Magisterial Reformation, which received support from the ruling authorities, took place, the result was a reformed national Protestant church envisioned to be a part of the whole invisible church, but disagreeing, in certain important points of doctrine and doctrine-linked practice, with what had until then been considered the normative reference point on such matters, namely the Papacy and central authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformed churches thus believed in some form of Catholicity, founded on their doctrines of the five solas and a visible ecclesiastical organization based on the 14th and 15th century Conciliar movement, rejecting the papacy and papal infallibility in favor of ecumenical councils, but rejecting the latest ecumenical council, the Council of Trent. Religious unity therefore became not one of doctrine and identity but one of invisible character, wherein the unity was one of faith in Jesus Christ, not common identity, doctrine, belief, and collaborative action.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Wherever

text: the

text: Magisterial

text: Reformation

text: which

text: received

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: ruling

text: authorities

text: took

text: place

text: the

text: result

text: was

text: a

text: reformed

text: national

text: Protestant

text: church

text: envisioned

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: whole

text: invisible

text: church

text: but

text: disagreeing

text: in

text: certain

text: important

text: points

text: of

text: doctrine

text: and

text: doctrine

text: linked

text: practice

text: with

text: what

text: had

text: until

text: then

text: been

text: considered

text: the

text: normative

text: reference

text: point

text: on

text: such

text: matters

text: namely

text: the

text: Papacy

text: and

text: central

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: Reformed

text: churches

text: thus

text: believed

text: in

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: Catholicity

text: founded

text: on

text: their

text: doctrines

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: solas

text: and

text: a

text: visible

text: ecclesiastical

text: organization

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: Conciliar

text: movement

text: rejecting

text: the

text: papacy

text: and

text: papal

text: infallibility

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: ecumenical

text: councils

text: but

text: rejecting

text: the

text: latest

text: ecumenical

text: council

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

text: Religious

text: unity

text: therefore

text: became

text: not

text: one

text: of

text: doctrine

text: and

text: identity

text: but

text: one

text: of

text: invisible

text: character

text: wherein

text: the

text: unity

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: faith

text: in

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: not

text: common

text: identity

text: doctrine

text: belief

text: and

text: collaborative

text: action

question: Who supported the Magisterial Reformation?

answer: the ruling authorities

text: the ruling authorities

question: The Reformed churches based their beliefs about ecclesiastical organization on what movement?

answer: Conciliar

text: Conciliar

question: What are the doctrines of the Reformed churches called?

answer: the five solas

text: the five solas

question: What ecumenical council did the Reformed churches reject?

answer: the Council of Trent

text: the Council of Trent

question: What type of character became central to religious unity in Reformed churches?

answer: invisible

text: invisible


text: This season also saw the launch of the American Idol Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the "coronation song". Thousands of recordings of original songs were submitted by songwriters, and 20 entries selected for the public vote. The winning song, "This Is My Now", was performed by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks on May 24, 2007.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: This

text: season

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Idol

text: Songwriter

text: contest

text: which

text: allows

text: fans

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: coronation

text: song

text: Thousands

text: of

text: recordings

text: of

text: original

text: songs

text: were

text: submitted

text: by

text: songwriters

text: and

text: entries

text: selected

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: vote

text: The

text: winning

text: song

text: This

text: Is

text: My

text: Now

text: was

text: performed

text: by

text: both

text: finalists

text: during

text: the

text: finale

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Sparks

text: on

text: May

question: In what year did American Idol begin a contest to decide the winners single?

answer: 2007

question: What is the first song released by Jordin Sparks after winning American Idol?

answer: This Is My Now

text: This Is My Now

question: How was "This is My Now" decided as the first single for the American Idol winner in 2007?

answer: public vote

text: public vote

question: Which contest started during this season?

answer: American Idol Songwriter contest

text: American Idol Songwriter contest

question: Fans could vote for what during this contest?

answer: coronation song

text: coronation song

question: Of the thousands of songs entered, how many were the public able to vote for?

answer: 20

question: What song won the contest?

answer: This Is My Now

text: This Is My Now

question: When did Sparks release her version of the song?

answer: May 24, 2007

text: May 24, 2007


text: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its famous passion for orthodoxy since the days of Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Dionysius and Theognostus, had begun to take on an almost secular character in the comprehensiveness of its interests, and had counted influential pagans among its serious auditors.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Alexandria

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: trade

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: empire

text: during

text: Athanasius

text: 's

text: boyhood

text: Intellectually

text: morally

text: and

text: politically

text: it

text: epitomized

text: the

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: Graeco

text: Roman

text: world

text: even

text: more

text: than

text: Rome

text: or

text: Constantinople

text: Antioch

text: or

text: Marseilles

text: Its

text: famous

text: catechetical

text: school

text: while

text: sacrificing

text: of

text: its

text: famous

text: passion

text: for

text: orthodoxy

text: since

text: the

text: days

text: of

text: Pantaenus

text: Clement

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: Origen

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: Dionysius

text: and

text: Theognostus

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: an

text: almost

text: secular

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: comprehensiveness

text: of

text: its

text: interests

text: and

text: had

text: counted

text: influential

text: pagans

text: among

text: its

text: serious

text: auditors

question: What was Alexandria known for?

answer: important trade center

text: important trade center

question: Was the famous school in Alexandria religious only?

answer: secular character

text: secular character

question: Did only Christians attend the school?

answer: influential pagans

text: influential pagans

question: Was Alexandria welcoming to other cultures?

answer: ethnically diverse

text: ethnically diverse


text: The bandwidth characteristics of a resonant antenna element can be characterized according to its Q, just as one uses to characterize the sharpness of an L-C resonant circuit. However it is often assumed that there is an advantage in an antenna having a high Q. After all, Q is short for "quality factor" and a low Q typically signifies excessive loss (due to unwanted resistance) in a resonant L-C circuit. However this understanding does not apply to resonant antennas where the resistance involved is the radiation resistance, a desired quantity which removes energy from the resonant element in order to radiate it (the purpose of an antenna, after all!). The Q is a measure of the ratio of reactance to resistance, so with a fixed radiation resistance (an element's radiation resistance is almost independent of its diameter) a greater reactance off-resonance corresponds to the poorer bandwidth of a very thin conductor. The Q of such a narrowband antenna can be as high as 15. On the other hand, a thick element presents less reactance at an off-resonant frequency, and consequently a Q as low as 5. These two antennas will perform equivalently at the resonant frequency, but the second antenna will perform over a bandwidth 3 times as wide as the "hi-Q" antenna consisting of a thin conductor.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: bandwidth

text: characteristics

text: of

text: a

text: resonant

text: antenna

text: element

text: can

text: be

text: characterized

text: according

text: to

text: its

text: Q

text: just

text: as

text: one

text: uses

text: to

text: characterize

text: the

text: sharpness

text: of

text: an

text: L

text: C

text: resonant

text: circuit

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: assumed

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: advantage

text: in

text: an

text: antenna

text: having

text: a

text: high

text: Q.

text: After

text: all

text: Q

text: is

text: short

text: for

text: quality

text: factor

text: and

text: a

text: low

text: Q

text: typically

text: signifies

text: excessive

text: loss

text: due

text: to

text: unwanted

text: resistance

text: in

text: a

text: resonant

text: L

text: C

text: circuit

text: However

text: this

text: understanding

text: does

text: not

text: apply

text: to

text: resonant

text: antennas

text: where

text: the

text: resistance

text: involved

text: is

text: the

text: radiation

text: resistance

text: a

text: desired

text: quantity

text: which

text: removes

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: resonant

text: element

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: radiate

text: it

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: after

text: all

text: The

text: Q

text: is

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: reactance

text: to

text: resistance

text: so

text: with

text: a

text: fixed

text: radiation

text: resistance

text: an

text: element

text: 's

text: radiation

text: resistance

text: is

text: almost

text: independent

text: of

text: its

text: diameter

text: a

text: greater

text: reactance

text: off

text: resonance

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: poorer

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: a

text: very

text: thin

text: conductor

text: The

text: Q

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: narrowband

text: antenna

text: can

text: be

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: a

text: thick

text: element

text: presents

text: less

text: reactance

text: at

text: an

text: off

text: resonant

text: frequency

text: and

text: consequently

text: a

text: Q

text: as

text: low

text: as

text: These

text: two

text: antennas

text: will

text: perform

text: equivalently

text: at

text: the

text: resonant

text: frequency

text: but

text: the

text: second

text: antenna

text: will

text: perform

text: over

text: a

text: bandwidth

text: times

text: as

text: wide

text: as

text: the

text: hi

text: Q

text: antenna

text: consisting

text: of

text: a

text: thin

text: conductor

question: The properties of a usable radio frequency can be called its?

answer: Q

text: Q

question: What is a measure of the comparison between reactance and resistance?

answer: Q

text: Q

question: What is the largest Q that could be achieved with a slimmer band antenna?

answer: 15

question: What type of element would be used to encounter less reactance?

answer: thick

text: thick


text: During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court at this point. Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe under Jiajing was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era, an example being the costly escort of the eunuch Liu Yun as described above in his failed mission to Tibet. The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal, which Zhengde deemed permissible since he had an affinity for foreign and exotic people.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Jiajing

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: the

text: native

text: Chinese

text: ideology

text: of

text: Daoism

text: was

text: fully

text: sponsored

text: at

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: while

text: Tibetan

text: Vajrayana

text: and

text: even

text: Chinese

text: Buddhism

text: were

text: ignored

text: or

text: suppressed

text: Even

text: the

text: History

text: of

text: Ming

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: lamas

text: discontinued

text: their

text: trips

text: to

text: Ming

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: court

text: at

text: this

text: point

text: Grand

text: Secretary

text: Yang

text: Tinghe

text: under

text: Jiajing

text: was

text: determined

text: to

text: break

text: the

text: eunuch

text: influence

text: at

text: court

text: which

text: typified

text: the

text: Zhengde

text: era

text: an

text: example

text: being

text: the

text: costly

text: escort

text: of

text: the

text: eunuch

text: Liu

text: Yun

text: as

text: described

text: above

text: in

text: his

text: failed

text: mission

text: to

text: Tibet

text: The

text: court

text: eunuchs

text: were

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: expanding

text: and

text: building

text: new

text: commercial

text: ties

text: with

text: foreign

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Portugal

text: which

text: Zhengde

text: deemed

text: permissible

text: since

text: he

text: had

text: an

text: affinity

text: for

text: foreign

text: and

text: exotic

text: people

question: When did the Jiajing Emperor reign?

answer: 1521–1567

question: What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?

answer: the native Chinese ideology of Daoism

text: the native Chinese ideology of Daoism

question: Who stopped their trips to Ming China?

answer: the Tibetan lamas

text: the Tibetan lamas

question: Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?

answer: Yang Tinghe

text: Yang Tinghe

question: Who broke the eunuch influence at court?

answer: Yang Tinghe

text: Yang Tinghe


text: In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion. The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011. In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup. The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: In

text: a

text: Welsh

text: club

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: after

text: Swansea

text: City

text: gained

text: promotion

text: The

text: first

text: Premier

text: League

text: match

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: outside

text: England

text: was

text: Swansea

text: City

text: 's

text: home

text: match

text: at

text: the

text: Liberty

text: Stadium

text: against

text: Wigan

text: Athletic

text: on

text: August

text: In

text: Swansea

text: qualified

text: for

text: the

text: Europa

text: League

text: by

text: winning

text: the

text: League

text: Cup

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: Welsh

text: clubs

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: increased

text: to

text: two

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: as

text: Cardiff

text: City

text: gained

text: promotion

text: but

text: Cardiff

text: City

text: was

text: relegated

text: after

text: its

text: maiden

text: season

question: Did Swansea qualify for the Europa Leaque in 2012-13?

answer: In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League

text: In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League

question: When was Swansea City's home match played against Wigan Athletic?

answer: Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.

text: Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.

question: In 2013-14, how much did the Premier League's Welsh clubs increase by?

answer: The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14,

text: The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14,

question: How did Swansea qualify for the Europa League?

answer: Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup.

text: Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup.

question: Which team gained promotion then but was relegated after its first season?

answer: in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

text: in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

question: In which year did a Welsh club participate in the Premier League for the first time?

answer: 2011

question: Which team was promoted to the Premier League in 2011?

answer: Swansea City

text: Swansea City

question: In which stadium was the first Premier League match played outside of England?

answer: Liberty Stadium

text: Liberty Stadium

question: On which date did Swansea City play its first Premier League game?

answer: 20 August 2011

text: 20 August 2011

question: Against which team did Swansea City play its first Premier League game?

answer: Wigan Athletic

text: Wigan Athletic


text: These years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title "Tongzhi" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881, Ci'an suddenly died, aged only forty-three, leaving Cixi as sole regent.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: These

text: years

text: saw

text: an

text: evolution

text: in

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Cixi

text: Wade

text: Giles

text: Tz'u

text: Hsi

text: in

text: state

text: affairs

text: She

text: entered

text: the

text: imperial

text: palace

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: a

text: concubine

text: to

text: the

text: Xianfeng

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: and

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: after

text: her

text: five

text: year

text: old

text: son

text: the

text: Tongzhi

text: Emperor

text: ascended

text: the

text: throne

text: She

text: the

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Ci'an

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: Xianfeng

text: 's

text: empress

text: and

text: Prince

text: Gong

text: a

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Daoguang

text: Emperor

text: staged

text: a

text: coup

text: that

text: ousted

text: several

text: regents

text: for

text: the

text: boy

text: emperor

text: Between

text: and

text: she

text: and

text: Ci'an

text: served

text: as

text: regents

text: choosing

text: the

text: reign

text: title

text: Tongzhi

text: ruling

text: together

text: Following

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Cixi

text: 's

text: nephew

text: the

text: Guangxu

text: Emperor

text: took

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: dynastic

text: custom

text: that

text: the

text: new

text: emperor

text: be

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: and

text: another

text: regency

text: began

text: In

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: Ci'an

text: suddenly

text: died

text: aged

text: only

text: forty

text: three

text: leaving

text: Cixi

text: as

text: sole

text: regent

question: What was the name of Xianfeng's concubine?

answer: Cixi

text: Cixi

question: Who was Cixi's son?

answer: Tongzhi

text: Tongzhi

question: When did Tongzhi Emperor die?

answer: 1875

question: Who took over from Tongzhi?

answer: Guangxu

text: Guangxu


text: Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecules in the membrane of the target cell.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Axons

text: transmit

text: signals

text: to

text: other

text: neurons

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: specialized

text: junctions

text: called

text: synapses

text: A

text: single

text: axon

text: may

text: make

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: several

text: thousand

text: synaptic

text: connections

text: with

text: other

text: cells

text: When

text: an

text: action

text: potential

text: traveling

text: along

text: an

text: axon

text: arrives

text: at

text: a

text: synapse

text: it

text: causes

text: a

text: chemical

text: called

text: a

text: neurotransmitter

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: The

text: neurotransmitter

text: binds

text: to

text: receptor

text: molecules

text: in

text: the

text: membrane

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: cell

question: Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?

answer: synapses

text: synapses

question: The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell?

answer: receptor molecules

text: receptor molecules

question: An axon can connect to how many other cells?

answer: several thousand

text: several thousand


text: Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger brains, measured as a fraction of body size. For mammals, the relationship between brain volume and body mass essentially follows a power law with an exponent of about 0.75. This formula describes the central tendency, but every family of mammals departs from it to some degree, in a way that reflects in part the complexity of their behavior. For example, primates have brains 5 to 10 times larger than the formula predicts. Predators tend to have larger brains than their prey, relative to body size.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Brains

text: are

text: most

text: simply

text: compared

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: size

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: brain

text: size

text: body

text: size

text: and

text: other

text: variables

text: has

text: been

text: studied

text: across

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: vertebrate

text: species

text: As

text: a

text: rule

text: brain

text: size

text: increases

text: with

text: body

text: size

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: a

text: simple

text: linear

text: proportion

text: In

text: general

text: smaller

text: animals

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: larger

text: brains

text: measured

text: as

text: a

text: fraction

text: of

text: body

text: size

text: For

text: mammals

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: brain

text: volume

text: and

text: body

text: mass

text: essentially

text: follows

text: a

text: power

text: law

text: with

text: an

text: exponent

text: of

text: about

text: This

text: formula

text: describes

text: the

text: central

text: tendency

text: but

text: every

text: family

text: of

text: mammals

text: departs

text: from

text: it

text: to

text: some

text: degree

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: reflects

text: in

text: part

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: their

text: behavior

text: For

text: example

text: primates

text: have

text: brains

text: to

text: times

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: formula

text: predicts

text: Predators

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: larger

text: brains

text: than

text: their

text: prey

text: relative

text: to

text: body

text: size

question: Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey?

answer: larger

text: larger

question: In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what?

answer: 0.75

question: Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts?

answer: primates

text: primates


text: Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, ETA, Sardinian nationalists, Action directe, the Red Brigades, and the Red Army Faction in Europe, and the Armenian Secret Army, Japanese Red Army, Free Aceh Movement, and Moro National Liberation Front in Asia. Gaddafi was indiscriminate in the causes he funded, sometimes switching from supporting one side in a conflict to the other, as in the Eritrean War of Independence. Throughout the 1970s these groups received financial support from Libya, which came to be seen as a leader in the Third World's struggle against colonialism and neocolonialism. Though many of these groups were labelled "terrorists" by critics of their activities, Gaddafi rejected such a characterisation, instead considering them revolutionaries engaged in liberation struggles.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: financially

text: supported

text: other

text: militant

text: groups

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: including

text: the

text: Black

text: Panther

text: Party

text: Nation

text: of

text: Islam

text: Tupamaros

text: of

text: April

text: Movement

text: and

text: Sandinista

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: the

text: ANC

text: among

text: other

text: liberation

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: Apartheid

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: the

text: Provisional

text: Irish

text: Republican

text: Army

text: ETA

text: Sardinian

text: nationalists

text: Action

text: directe

text: the

text: Red

text: Brigades

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Secret

text: Army

text: Japanese

text: Red

text: Army

text: Free

text: Aceh

text: Movement

text: and

text: Moro

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: in

text: Asia

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: indiscriminate

text: in

text: the

text: causes

text: he

text: funded

text: sometimes

text: switching

text: from

text: supporting

text: one

text: side

text: in

text: a

text: conflict

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Throughout

text: the

text: these

text: groups

text: received

text: financial

text: support

text: from

text: Libya

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: Third

text: World

text: 's

text: struggle

text: against

text: colonialism

text: and

text: neocolonialism

text: Though

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: groups

text: were

text: labelled

text: terrorists

text: by

text: critics

text: of

text: their

text: activities

text: Gaddafi

text: rejected

text: such

text: a

text: characterisation

text: instead

text: considering

text: them

text: revolutionaries

text: engaged

text: in

text: liberation

text: struggles

question: During what decade did Libya finance militant groups?

answer: 1970s

question: During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides?

answer: Eritrean War of Independence

text: Eritrean War of Independence

question: On what continent did the Red Army Faction operate?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What was the Third World fighting against in the 1970s?

answer: colonialism and neocolonialism

text: colonialism and neocolonialism

question: What was the ANC combating?

answer: Apartheid

text: Apartheid


text: Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Hellenistic

text: art

text: saw

text: a

text: turn

text: from

text: the

text: idealistic

text: perfected

text: calm

text: and

text: composed

text: figures

text: of

text: classical

text: Greek

text: art

text: to

text: a

text: style

text: dominated

text: by

text: realism

text: and

text: the

text: depiction

text: of

text: emotion

text: pathos

text: and

text: character

text: ethos

text: The

text: motif

text: of

text: deceptively

text: realistic

text: naturalism

text: in

text: art

text: aletheia

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: stories

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: painter

text: Zeuxis

text: who

text: was

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: painted

text: grapes

text: that

text: seemed

text: so

text: real

text: that

text: birds

text: came

text: and

text: pecked

text: at

text: them

text: The

text: female

text: nude

text: also

text: became

text: more

text: popular

text: as

text: epitomized

text: by

text: the

text: Aphrodite

text: of

text: Cnidos

text: of

text: Praxiteles

text: and

text: art

text: in

text: general

text: became

text: more

text: erotic

text: e.g.

text: Leda

text: and

text: the

text: Swan

text: and

text: Scopa

text: 's

text: Pothos

text: The

text: dominant

text: ideals

text: of

text: Hellenistic

text: art

text: were

text: those

text: of

text: sensuality

text: and

text: passion

question: Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?

answer: pathos

text: pathos

question: Character is called what in Hellenistic art?

answer: ethos

text: ethos

question: Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?

answer: Zeuxis

text: Zeuxis

question: The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?

answer: passion

text: passion

question: What painting epitomized the female nude?

answer: Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles

text: Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles


text: The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, the Münster, and a 15th-century town hall. Thanks to 6 kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts one of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: Bern

text: 's

text: city

text: centre

text: is

text: largely

text: medieval

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: recognised

text: by

text: UNESCO

text: as

text: a

text: Cultural

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: Perhaps

text: its

text: most

text: famous

text: sight

text: is

text: the

text: Zytglogge

text: Bernese

text: German

text: for

text: Time

text: Bell

text: an

text: elaborate

text: medieval

text: clock

text: tower

text: with

text: moving

text: puppets

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: an

text: impressive

text: century

text: Gothic

text: cathedral

text: the

text: Münster

text: and

text: a

text: century

text: town

text: hall

text: Thanks

text: to

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: of

text: arcades

text: the

text: old

text: town

text: boasts

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: covered

text: shopping

text: promenades

text: in

text: Europe

question: The structure of Bern's city centre is mainly what type of buildings?

answer: medieval

text: medieval

question: What does UNESCO recognised Bern's city center to be?

answer: a Cultural World Heritage Site

text: a Cultural World Heritage Site

question: What is Berns most famous site?

answer: Zytglogge

text: Zytglogge

question: What is the name of the 15th century cathedral?

answer: Münster

text: Münster

question: What type of cathedral is Muster?

answer: Gothic

text: Gothic


text: Esoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, they are allusions (isharat) rather than explanations (tafsir). They indicate possibilities as much as they demonstrate the insights of each writer.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Esoteric

text: or

text: Sufi

text: interpretation

text: attempts

text: to

text: unveil

text: the

text: inner

text: meanings

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: Sufism

text: moves

text: beyond

text: the

text: apparent

text: zahir

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: verses

text: and

text: instead

text: relates

text: Quranic

text: verses

text: to

text: the

text: inner

text: or

text: esoteric

text: batin

text: and

text: metaphysical

text: dimensions

text: of

text: consciousness

text: and

text: existence

text: According

text: to

text: Sands

text: esoteric

text: interpretations

text: are

text: more

text: suggestive

text: than

text: declarative

text: they

text: are

text: allusions

text: isharat

text: rather

text: than

text: explanations

text: tafsir

text: They

text: indicate

text: possibilities

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: they

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: insights

text: of

text: each

text: writer

question: What is another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation?

answer: Esoteric

text: Esoteric

question: What Arabic word describes the aspects of Quranic verses that Sufism tries to push beyond?

answer: zahir

text: zahir

question: What is an Arabic term for allusions?

answer: isharat

text: isharat

question: Sands says Sufi interpretations tend to use which literary device rather than direct explanation?

answer: allusions

text: allusions


text: The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and retook the Netherlands. The republican forces fled to France, but then successfully re-invaded alongside the army of the French republic. After the French Republic became the French Empire under Napoleon, the Batavian Republic was replaced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: lasted

text: until

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: republican

text: revolutions

text: in

text: created

text: the

text: Batavian

text: Republic

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: republican

text: forces

text: took

text: several

text: major

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: After

text: initially

text: fleeing

text: the

text: monarchist

text: forces

text: came

text: back

text: with

text: British

text: Austrian

text: and

text: Prussian

text: troops

text: and

text: retook

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: republican

text: forces

text: fled

text: to

text: France

text: but

text: then

text: successfully

text: re

text: invaded

text: alongside

text: the

text: army

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: republic

text: After

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: became

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: under

text: Napoleon

text: the

text: Batavian

text: Republic

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Holland

question: What events created the Batavian Republic?

answer: a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795

text: a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795

question: The republican forces fled to which country?

answer: France

text: France

question: The Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland replaced which republic?

answer: the Batavian Republic

text: the Batavian Republic