text: Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, NCAA Division I. The most prominent are the state's two members of the Big 12 Conference, one of the so-called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football, Division I FBS. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games. The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation. Two private institutions in Tulsa, the University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League. In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in NCAA Division II as members of four different conferences, and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Collegiate

text: athletics

text: are

text: a

text: popular

text: draw

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: four

text: schools

text: that

text: compete

text: at

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: of

text: college

text: sports

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: I.

text: The

text: most

text: prominent

text: are

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: two

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Conference

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Power

text: Five

text: conferences

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: tier

text: of

text: college

text: football

text: Division

text: I

text: FBS

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: State

text: University

text: average

text: well

text: over

text: fans

text: attending

text: their

text: football

text: games

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: football

text: program

text: ranked

text: in

text: attendance

text: among

text: American

text: colleges

text: in

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: people

text: attending

text: its

text: home

text: games

text: The

text: two

text: universities

text: meet

text: several

text: times

text: each

text: year

text: in

text: rivalry

text: matches

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bedlam

text: Series

text: which

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: sporting

text: draws

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: Sports

text: Illustrated

text: magazine

text: rates

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: State

text: among

text: the

text: top

text: colleges

text: for

text: athletics

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Two

text: private

text: institutions

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Tulsa

text: and

text: Oral

text: Roberts

text: University

text: are

text: also

text: Division

text: I

text: members

text: Tulsa

text: competes

text: in

text: FBS

text: football

text: and

text: other

text: sports

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Athletic

text: Conference

text: while

text: Oral

text: Roberts

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: sponsor

text: football

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: The

text: Summit

text: League

text: In

text: addition

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: smaller

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: compete

text: in

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: II

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: four

text: different

text: conferences

text: and

text: eight

text: other

text: Oklahoma

text: institutions

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: NAIA

text: mostly

text: within

text: the

text: Sooner

text: Athletic

text: Conference

question: How many NCAA Division I colleges does Oklahoma have?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many colleges does Oklahoma have in the Big 12?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many fans attend an average Oklahoma State University football game?

answer: over 50,000

text: over 50,000

question: What is the rivalry between OSU and University of Oklahoma called?

answer: Bedlam Series

text: Bedlam Series

question: Where is Oral Roberts University?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa


text: The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from non-dipolar components, including a strong quadrupole moment that may exceed the dipole moment in strength. By contrast, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn have only relatively small quadrupole moments, and their fields are less tilted from the polar axis. The large quadrupole moment of Neptune may be the result of offset from the planet's centre and geometrical constraints of the field's dynamo generator.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: The

text: dipole

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: magnetic

text: field

text: at

text: the

text: magnetic

text: equator

text: of

text: Neptune

text: is

text: about

text: microteslas

text: G

text: The

text: dipole

text: magnetic

text: moment

text: of

text: Neptune

text: is

text: about

text: where

text: RN

text: is

text: the

text: radius

text: of

text: Neptune

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: magnetic

text: field

text: has

text: a

text: complex

text: geometry

text: that

text: includes

text: relatively

text: large

text: contributions

text: from

text: non

text: dipolar

text: components

text: including

text: a

text: strong

text: quadrupole

text: moment

text: that

text: may

text: exceed

text: the

text: dipole

text: moment

text: in

text: strength

text: By

text: contrast

text: Earth

text: Jupiter

text: and

text: Saturn

text: have

text: only

text: relatively

text: small

text: quadrupole

text: moments

text: and

text: their

text: fields

text: are

text: less

text: tilted

text: from

text: the

text: polar

text: axis

text: The

text: large

text: quadrupole

text: moment

text: of

text: Neptune

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: offset

text: from

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: centre

text: and

text: geometrical

text: constraints

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: 's

text: dynamo

text: generator

question: What is Neptune's dipole magnetic moment?

answer: 2.2 × 1017 T·m3

text: 2.2 × 1017 T·m3

question: What is one of Neptune's non-dipolar component what may exceed the dipole moment in strength?

answer: strong quadrupole moment

text: strong quadrupole moment

question: Which three planets have small quadrupole moments compared to Neptune?

answer: Earth, Jupiter and Saturn

text: Earth, Jupiter and Saturn

question: Besides the geometrical constraints of Neptune's dynamo generator, what is another result of the quadrupole moment?

answer: the planet's centre

text: the planet's centre

question: What is the dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of neptune?

answer: 14 microteslas (0.14 G)

text: 14 microteslas (0.14 G)


text: In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia were still intermittently joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North America were beginning to separate. The Laramide orogeny of the late Cretaceous continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains in the American west, which ended in the succeeding epoch. South and North America remained separated by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: In

text: many

text: ways

text: the

text: Paleocene

text: continued

text: processes

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: During

text: the

text: Paleocene

text: the

text: continents

text: continued

text: to

text: drift

text: toward

text: their

text: present

text: positions

text: Supercontinent

text: Laurasia

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: separated

text: into

text: three

text: continents

text: Europe

text: and

text: Greenland

text: were

text: still

text: connected

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Asia

text: were

text: still

text: intermittently

text: joined

text: by

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: while

text: Greenland

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: were

text: beginning

text: to

text: separate

text: The

text: Laramide

text: orogeny

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: continued

text: to

text: uplift

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: west

text: which

text: ended

text: in

text: the

text: succeeding

text: epoch

text: South

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: remained

text: separated

text: by

text: equatorial

text: seas

text: they

text: joined

text: during

text: the

text: Neogene

text: the

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: southern

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: continued

text: to

text: split

text: apart

text: with

text: Africa

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: Australia

text: pulling

text: away

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: Africa

text: was

text: heading

text: north

text: toward

text: Europe

text: slowly

text: closing

text: the

text: Tethys

text: Ocean

text: and

text: India

text: began

text: its

text: migration

text: to

text: Asia

text: that

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: a

text: tectonic

text: collision

text: and

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

question: How many continents did Laurasia break into?

answer: three

text: three

question: In the Paleocene period Greenland was joined to which continent?

answer: North America

text: North America

question: What mountain chain in the Cretaceous was lifted as a result of the Laramide oregeny?

answer: the Rocky Mountains

text: the Rocky Mountains

question: In which period did North and South america join?

answer: Neogene

text: Neogene

question: Which ocean was closed when Africa moved northward during the Paleocene?

answer: Tethys

text: Tethys


text: Botany, also called plant science(s) or plant biology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specializes in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists study approximately 400,000 species of living organisms of which some 260,000 species are vascular plants and about 248,000 are flowering plants.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Botany

text: also

text: called

text: plant

text: science(s

text: or

text: plant

text: biology

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: plant

text: life

text: and

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: A

text: botanist

text: or

text: plant

text: scientist

text: is

text: a

text: scientist

text: who

text: specializes

text: in

text: this

text: field

text: The

text: term

text: botany

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: word

text: βοτάνη

text: botanē

text: meaning

text: pasture

text: grass

text: or

text: fodder

text: βοτάνη

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: derived

text: from

text: βόσκειν

text: boskein

text: to

text: feed

text: or

text: to

text: graze

text: Traditionally

text: botany

text: has

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: fungi

text: and

text: algae

text: by

text: mycologists

text: and

text: phycologists

text: respectively

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: these

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: organisms

text: remaining

text: within

text: the

text: sphere

text: of

text: interest

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Botanical

text: Congress

text: Nowadays

text: botanists

text: study

text: approximately

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: organisms

text: of

text: which

text: some

text: species

text: are

text: vascular

text: plants

text: and

text: about

text: are

text: flowering

text: plants

question: What is botany?

answer: science of plant life

text: science of plant life

question: What does the word botany mean?

answer: "to feed" or "to graze"

text: "to feed" or "to graze"

question: What is  a plant scientist called?

answer: A botanist

text: A botanist

question: Does botany only study plants?

answer: included the study of fungi and algae

text: included the study of fungi and algae


text: Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Instead

text: he

text: argues

text: this

text: development

text: has

text: been

text: artificially

text: frozen

text: in

text: an

text: intermediate

text: state

text: by

text: the

text: standardisation

text: of

text: Dutch

text: pronunciation

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: where

text: lowered

text: diphthongs

text: found

text: in

text: rural

text: dialects

text: were

text: perceived

text: as

text: ugly

text: by

text: the

text: educated

text: classes

text: and

text: accordingly

text: declared

text: substandard

text: Now

text: however

text: in

text: his

text: opinion

text: the

text: newly

text: affluent

text: and

text: independent

text: women

text: can

text: afford

text: to

text: let

text: that

text: natural

text: development

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: their

text: speech

text: Stroop

text: compares

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Polder

text: Dutch

text: with

text: the

text: urban

text: variety

text: of

text: British

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: called

text: Estuary

text: English

question: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation?

answer: "intermediate"

text: "intermediate"

question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?

answer: educated classes

text: educated classes

question: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?

answer: Estuary English

text: Estuary English

question: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?

answer: standardisation

text: standardisation

question: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?

answer: lowered diphthongs

text: lowered diphthongs


text: In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantius Chlorus, the father of Constantine I. Diocletian's successor Galerius maintained anti-Christian policy until his deathbed revocation in 311, when he asked Christians to pray for him. "This meant an ofﬁcial recognition of their importance in the religious world of the Roman empire, although one of the tetrarchs, Maximinus Daia, still oppressed Christians in his part of the empire up to 313."

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: places

text: the

text: edicts

text: were

text: strictly

text: enforced

text: some

text: Christians

text: resisted

text: and

text: were

text: imprisoned

text: or

text: martyred

text: Others

text: complied

text: Some

text: local

text: communities

text: were

text: not

text: only

text: pre

text: dominantly

text: Christian

text: but

text: powerful

text: and

text: influential

text: and

text: some

text: provincial

text: authorities

text: were

text: lenient

text: notably

text: the

text: Caesar

text: in

text: Gaul

text: Constantius

text: Chlorus

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Constantine

text: I.

text: Diocletian

text: 's

text: successor

text: Galerius

text: maintained

text: anti

text: Christian

text: policy

text: until

text: his

text: deathbed

text: revocation

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: asked

text: Christians

text: to

text: pray

text: for

text: him

text: This

text: meant

text: an

text: ofﬁcial

text: recognition

text: of

text: their

text: importance

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: world

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: empire

text: although

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tetrarchs

text: Maximinus

text: Daia

text: still

text: oppressed

text: Christians

text: in

text: his

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: up

text: to

question: How were the Roman edicts handled in some areas?

answer: strictly enforced

text: strictly enforced

question: In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians?

answer: imprisoned or martyred

text: imprisoned or martyred

question: What were some Christian communities?

answer: powerful and influential

text: powerful and influential

question: What were some provincial governors in enforcement of the Roman edicts?

answer: lenient

text: lenient

question: When did Galerius revoke the anti-Christian policies?

answer: 311


text: Nanjing is one of the most beautiful cities of mainland China with lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains, historical buildings and monuments, relics and much more, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: cities

text: of

text: mainland

text: China

text: with

text: lush

text: green

text: parks

text: natural

text: scenic

text: lakes

text: small

text: mountains

text: historical

text: buildings

text: and

text: monuments

text: relics

text: and

text: much

text: more

text: which

text: attracts

text: thousands

text: of

text: tourists

text: every

text: year

question: Nanjing is considered one of the most pretty cities in what region?

answer: mainland China

text: mainland China

question: How many tourists does Nanjing receive each year?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: What type of buildings attract tourists to Nanjing?

answer: historical buildings

text: historical buildings

question: List three natural attractions of Nanjing.

answer: lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains

text: lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains


text: Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: recovered

text: quickly

text: from

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: by

text: was

text: once

text: again

text: a

text: thriving

text: city

text: In

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Statute

text: for

text: Religious

text: Freedom

text: drafted

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: was

text: passed

text: at

text: the

text: temporary

text: capitol

text: in

text: Richmond

text: providing

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: a

text: key

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: freedom

text: of

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: A

text: permanent

text: home

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: government

text: the

text: Virginia

text: State

text: Capitol

text: building

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: with

text: the

text: assistance

text: of

text: Charles

text: Louis

text: Clérisseau

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

question: What is the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

answer: the basis for the separation of church and state

text: the basis for the separation of church and state

question: Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

answer: Thomas Jefferson

text: Thomas Jefferson

question: Who designed the Richmond Capital Building?

answer: Thomas Jefferson

text: Thomas Jefferson

question: Who is Charles-Louis Clerisseau?

answer: Capitol building, was designed by

text: Capitol building, was designed by

question: When was the Capital building completed?

answer: 1788

question: Who aided Jefferson in designing the Virginia State Capitol?

answer: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

text: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

question: In what year was the Virginia State Capitol finished?

answer: 1788

question: What was the capital of Virginia circa 1786?

answer: Richmond

text: Richmond

question: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786?

answer: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

text: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

question: In what year could Richmond first be said to have recovered from the destruction of the American Revolution?

answer: 1782


text: The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency".

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: doctrine

text: of

text: pratītyasamutpāda

text: Sanskrit

text: Pali

text: paticcasamuppāda

text: Tibetan

text: Wylie

text: rten

text: cing

text: brel

text: bar

text: byung

text: ba

text: Chinese

text: 緣起

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: metaphysics

text: It

text: states

text: that

text: phenomena

text: arise

text: together

text: in

text: a

text: mutually

text: interdependent

text: web

text: of

text: cause

text: and

text: effect

text: It

text: is

text: variously

text: rendered

text: into

text: English

text: as

text: dependent

text: origination

text: conditioned

text: genesis

text: dependent

text: relationship

text: dependent

text: co

text: arising

text: interdependent

text: arising

text: or

text: contingency

question: What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?

answer: pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起)

text: pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起)

question: Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean?

answer: "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency"

text: "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency"

question: The doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics?

answer: Buddhist

text: Buddhist


text: They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: They

text: do

text: not

text: work

text: in

text: industries

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: military

text: do

text: not

text: serve

text: in

text: the

text: armed

text: services

text: and

text: refuse

text: national

text: military

text: service

text: which

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: their

text: arrest

text: and

text: imprisonment

text: They

text: do

text: not

text: salute

text: or

text: pledge

text: allegiance

text: to

text: flags

text: or

text: sing

text: national

text: anthems

text: or

text: patriotic

text: songs

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: see

text: themselves

text: as

text: a

text: worldwide

text: brotherhood

text: that

text: transcends

text: national

text: boundaries

text: and

text: ethnic

text: loyalties

text: Sociologist

text: Ronald

text: Lawson

text: has

text: suggested

text: the

text: religion

text: 's

text: intellectual

text: and

text: organizational

text: isolation

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: intense

text: indoctrination

text: of

text: adherents

text: rigid

text: internal

text: discipline

text: and

text: considerable

text: persecution

text: has

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: consistency

text: of

text: its

text: sense

text: of

text: urgency

text: in

text: its

text: apocalyptic

text: message

question: What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?

answer: associated with the military

text: associated with the military

question: What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?

answer: their arrest and imprisonment

text: their arrest and imprisonment

question: What do Jehovah Witnesses see themselves as, which transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties?

answer: a worldwide brotherhood

text: a worldwide brotherhood

question: What profession is Ronald Lawson?

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

question: What does Lawson suggest has contributed to the consistency of the sense of urgency in Jehovah Witnesses' apocalyptic message?

answer: intellectual and organizational isolation

text: intellectual and organizational isolation


text: The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: theories

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: to

text: integrate

text: molecular

text: genetics

text: with

text: Darwinian

text: evolution

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: a

text: term

text: introduced

text: by

text: Julian

text: Huxley

text: Evolutionary

text: biologists

text: subsequently

text: refined

text: this

text: concept

text: such

text: as

text: George

text: C.

text: Williams

text: gene

text: centric

text: view

text: of

text: evolution

text: He

text: proposed

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: as

text: a

text: unit

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: with

text: the

text: definition

text: that

text: which

text: segregates

text: and

text: recombines

text: with

text: appreciable

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: the

text: molecular

text: gene

text: transcribes

text: as

text: a

text: unit

text: and

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: gene

text: inherits

text: as

text: a

text: unit

text: Related

text: ideas

text: emphasizing

text: the

text: centrality

text: of

text: genes

text: in

text: evolution

text: were

text: popularized

text: by

text: Richard

text: Dawkins

question: In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed?

answer: the 1930s and 1940s

text: the 1930s and 1940s

question: What are the theories that integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution called?

answer: the modern evolutionary synthesis

text: the modern evolutionary synthesis

question: Who proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?

answer: George C. Williams

text: George C. Williams

question: What is the definition of the concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?

answer: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency."

text: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency."

question: Who popularized ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution?

answer: Richard Dawkins

text: Richard Dawkins


text: It was rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. This turned out to be false.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: It

text: was

text: rumored

text: that

text: Schwarzenegger

text: might

text: run

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: in

text: as

text: his

text: governorship

text: would

text: be

text: term

text: limited

text: by

text: that

text: time

text: This

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: false

question: What political office did people speculate Schwarzenegger might try for in 2010?

answer: United States Senate

text: United States Senate


text: As the years went by, the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous. Finally, in 1673, Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor. The young emperor granted his retirement, but denied the heredity of his fief. In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve, thinking that he would not risk offending them. The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: As

text: the

text: years

text: went

text: by

text: the

text: three

text: feudal

text: lords

text: and

text: their

text: extensive

text: territories

text: became

text: increasingly

text: autonomous

text: Finally

text: in

text: Shang

text: Kexi

text: petitioned

text: Kangxi

text: for

text: permission

text: to

text: retire

text: to

text: his

text: hometown

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: province

text: and

text: nominated

text: his

text: son

text: as

text: his

text: successor

text: The

text: young

text: emperor

text: granted

text: his

text: retirement

text: but

text: denied

text: the

text: heredity

text: of

text: his

text: fief

text: In

text: reaction

text: the

text: two

text: other

text: generals

text: decided

text: to

text: petition

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: retirements

text: to

text: test

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: resolve

text: thinking

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: not

text: risk

text: offending

text: them

text: The

text: move

text: backfired

text: as

text: the

text: young

text: emperor

text: called

text: their

text: bluff

text: by

text: accepting

text: their

text: requests

text: and

text: ordering

text: that

text: all

text: three

text: fiefdoms

text: to

text: be

text: reverted

text: to

text: the

text: crown

question: When did Kexi retire?

answer: 1673

question: Who did Kexi thing should take over for him?

answer: his son

text: his son

question: What happened when Kexi, and the two other generals all retired?

answer: all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.

text: all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.


text: Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865. Across the South, sharecropping evolved, in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves. Until mechanical cotton pickers were developed, cotton farmers needed additional labor to hand-pick cotton. Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South. Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during "cotton-picking."

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Cotton

text: remained

text: a

text: key

text: crop

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: economy

text: after

text: emancipation

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: Across

text: the

text: South

text: sharecropping

text: evolved

text: in

text: which

text: landless

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: farmers

text: worked

text: land

text: owned

text: by

text: others

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: a

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: profits

text: Some

text: farmers

text: rented

text: the

text: land

text: and

text: bore

text: the

text: production

text: costs

text: themselves

text: Until

text: mechanical

text: cotton

text: pickers

text: were

text: developed

text: cotton

text: farmers

text: needed

text: additional

text: labor

text: to

text: hand

text: pick

text: cotton

text: Picking

text: cotton

text: was

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: income

text: for

text: families

text: across

text: the

text: South

text: Rural

text: and

text: small

text: town

text: school

text: systems

text: had

text: split

text: vacations

text: so

text: children

text: could

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: during

text: cotton

text: picking

question: What was the procedure called which involved workers to work for a share of the profits?

answer: sharecropping

text: sharecropping

question: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a large labor force?

answer: hand-pick

text: hand-pick

question: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?

answer: children

text: children

question: What function of southern schools was created for children to pick cotton?

answer: split vacations

text: split vacations

question: What part of the southern population worked as sharecroppers?

answer: landless

text: landless


text: However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams. In the early days of the NBA, league clubs sometimes challenged the legendary barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters, with mixed success. The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia. In the 2006 and 2007 seasons, the NBA and the primary European club competition, the Euroleague, conducted a preseason tournament featuring two NBA teams and the finalists from that year's Euroleague.[citation needed] In the 1998-99 and 2011-12 seasons, teams were limited to only two preseason games due to lockouts.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: However

text: from

text: to

text: NBA

text: teams

text: played

text: preseason

text: exhibitions

text: against

text: American

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: teams

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: NBA

text: league

text: clubs

text: sometimes

text: challenged

text: the

text: legendary

text: barnstorming

text: Harlem

text: Globetrotters

text: with

text: mixed

text: success

text: The

text: NBA

text: has

text: played

text: preseason

text: games

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: seasons

text: the

text: NBA

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: European

text: club

text: competition

text: the

text: Euroleague

text: conducted

text: a

text: preseason

text: tournament

text: featuring

text: two

text: NBA

text: teams

text: and

text: the

text: finalists

text: from

text: that

text: year

text: 's

text: Euroleague.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: seasons

text: teams

text: were

text: limited

text: to

text: only

text: two

text: preseason

text: games

text: due

text: to

text: lockouts

question: When did the NBA play preseason games against the ABA?

answer: 1971 to 1975

text: 1971 to 1975

question: What legendary team did the NBA sometimes formerly play against?

answer: Harlem Globetrotters

text: Harlem Globetrotters

question: On what continents have NBA teams played preseason games outside the US?

answer: Europe and Asia

text: Europe and Asia

question: How many preseason games were NBA teams limited to in the 2011-12 season?

answer: two

text: two

question: What is the main European basketball club?

answer: the Euroleague

text: the Euroleague


text: The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. Sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each correspond to a specific amino acid.:6 Additionally, a "start codon", and three "stop codons" indicate the beginning and end of the protein coding region. There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons) and only 20 standard amino acids; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid. The correspondence between codons and amino acids is nearly universal among all known living organisms.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: nucleotide

text: sequence

text: of

text: a

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: specifies

text: the

text: amino

text: acid

text: sequence

text: of

text: a

text: protein

text: through

text: the

text: genetic

text: code

text: Sets

text: of

text: three

text: nucleotides

text: known

text: as

text: codons

text: each

text: correspond

text: to

text: a

text: specific

text: amino

text: Additionally

text: a

text: start

text: codon

text: and

text: three

text: stop

text: codons

text: indicate

text: the

text: beginning

text: and

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: protein

text: coding

text: region

text: There

text: are

text: possible

text: codons

text: four

text: possible

text: nucleotides

text: at

text: each

text: of

text: three

text: positions

text: hence

text: possible

text: codons

text: and

text: only

text: standard

text: amino

text: acids

text: hence

text: the

text: code

text: is

text: redundant

text: and

text: multiple

text: codons

text: can

text: specify

text: the

text: same

text: amino

text: acid

text: The

text: correspondence

text: between

text: codons

text: and

text: amino

text: acids

text: is

text: nearly

text: universal

text: among

text: all

text: known

text: living

text: organisms

question: What specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein?

answer: The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA

text: The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA

question: What are sets of three nucleotides known as?

answer: codons

text: codons

question: What does each codon correspond to?

answer: a specific amino acid

text: a specific amino acid

question: What indicates the beginning and end of the protein coding region?

answer: a "start codon", and three "stop codons"

text: a "start codon", and three "stop codons"

question: How many possible codons are there?

answer: There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons)

text: There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons)


text: The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 megajoules of energy. Its expected performance is over 13,000 miles (21,000 km) per hour muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a 5-meter target from 200 nautical miles (370 km) away while shooting at 10 shots per minute. It is expected to be ready in 2020 to 2025.[verification needed] These systems while currently designed for static targets would only need the ability to be retargeted to become the next generation of AA system.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: future

text: of

text: projectile

text: based

text: weapons

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: railgun

text: Currently

text: tests

text: are

text: underway

text: on

text: developing

text: systems

text: that

text: could

text: create

text: as

text: much

text: damage

text: as

text: a

text: Tomahawk

text: missile

text: but

text: at

text: a

text: fraction

text: of

text: the

text: cost

text: In

text: February

text: the

text: US

text: Navy

text: tested

text: a

text: railgun

text: it

text: fired

text: a

text: shell

text: at

text: miles

text: km

text: per

text: hour

text: using

text: megajoules

text: of

text: energy

text: Its

text: expected

text: performance

text: is

text: over

text: miles

text: km

text: per

text: hour

text: muzzle

text: velocity

text: accurate

text: enough

text: to

text: hit

text: a

text: target

text: from

text: nautical

text: miles

text: km

text: away

text: while

text: shooting

text: at

text: shots

text: per

text: minute

text: It

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: ready

text: in

text: to

text: needed

text: These

text: systems

text: while

text: currently

text: designed

text: for

text: static

text: targets

text: would

text: only

text: need

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: be

text: retargeted

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: of

text: AA

text: system

question: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?

answer: the railgun

text: the railgun

question: Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost?

answer: a Tomahawk

text: a Tomahawk

question: When did the United States Navy test a railgun?

answer: February 2008

text: February 2008

question: How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun?

answer: 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour

text: 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour

question: When is the railgun expected to be ready?

answer: 2020 to 2025

text: 2020 to 2025


text: The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: Roland

text: Levinsky

text: building

text: the

text: landmark

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: central

text: quarter

text: Designed

text: by

text: leading

text: architect

text: Henning

text: Larsen

text: the

text: building

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: houses

text: the

text: University

text: 's

text: Arts

text: faculty

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: consistently

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: most

text: beautiful

text: university

text: buildings

question: Who designed the Roland Levinsky building?

answer: Henning Larsen

text: Henning Larsen

question: When did the Roland Levinsky building open?

answer: 2008

question: Of what university is the Roland Levinsky building a part?

answer: University of Plymouth

text: University of Plymouth

question: What academic discipline at the university is based in the Roland Levinsky building?

answer: Arts

text: Arts

question: What part of Plymouth is the Roland Levinsky building situated in?

answer: the city's central quarter

text: the city's central quarter


text: Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thought and method, was highly "risky", in the sense that it was possible to deduce consequences from it which were, in the light of the then-dominant Newtonian physics, highly improbable (e.g., that light is deflected towards solid bodies—confirmed by Eddington's experiments in 1919), and which would, if they turned out to be false, falsify the whole theory. In contrast, nothing could, even in principle, falsify psychoanalytic theories. He thus came to the conclusion that psychoanalytic theories had more in common with primitive myths than with genuine science.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: puzzled

text: over

text: the

text: stark

text: contrast

text: between

text: the

text: non

text: scientific

text: character

text: of

text: Freud

text: and

text: Adler

text: 's

text: theories

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: psychology

text: and

text: the

text: revolution

text: set

text: off

text: by

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: relativity

text: in

text: physics

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Popper

text: thought

text: that

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: theory

text: as

text: a

text: theory

text: properly

text: grounded

text: in

text: scientific

text: thought

text: and

text: method

text: was

text: highly

text: risky

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: possible

text: to

text: deduce

text: consequences

text: from

text: it

text: which

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: dominant

text: Newtonian

text: physics

text: highly

text: improbable

text: e.g.

text: that

text: light

text: is

text: deflected

text: towards

text: solid

text: bodies

text: confirmed

text: by

text: Eddington

text: 's

text: experiments

text: in

text: and

text: which

text: would

text: if

text: they

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: falsify

text: the

text: whole

text: theory

text: In

text: contrast

text: nothing

text: could

text: even

text: in

text: principle

text: falsify

text: psychoanalytic

text: theories

text: He

text: thus

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: psychoanalytic

text: theories

text: had

text: more

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: primitive

text: myths

text: than

text: with

text: genuine

text: science

question: Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories?

answer: Freud and Adler

text: Freud and Adler

question: Whose recent breakthrough in physics did Popper view as paradigmatic science?

answer: Einstein

text: Einstein

question: What quality of the theory of relativity did Popper believe made it proper science?

answer: risky

text: risky

question: What did Popper think psychoanalytic theory shared more feature with than real science ?

answer: primitive myths

text: primitive myths

question: What could you not do to psychoanalytic theory that Popper believed crucial in genuine science?

answer: falsify

text: falsify


text: Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Investment

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: continued

text: The

text: William

text: Enston

text: Home

text: a

text: planned

text: community

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: aged

text: and

text: infirm

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: An

text: elaborate

text: public

text: building

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Post

text: Office

text: and

text: Courthouse

text: was

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Democrat

text: dominated

text: state

text: legislature

text: passed

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: in

text: that

text: disfranchised

text: blacks

text: effectively

text: excluding

text: them

text: entirely

text: from

text: the

text: political

text: process

text: a

text: second

text: class

text: status

text: that

text: was

text: maintained

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: six

text: decades

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: that

text: was

text: majority

text: black

text: until

text: about

question: Which party dominated South Carolina's state legislature?

answer: Democrat

text: Democrat

question: What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against blacks were passed?

answer: 1896

question: The William Enston Home was built in what year?

answer: 1889.

question: Blacks were the majority in South Carolina until what year?

answer: 1930

question: A large post office and courthouse was built in what year?

answer: 1896


text: The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise was closely regulated by the government. Although there was no banking in the Mauryan society, usury was customary. A significant amount of written records on slavery are found, suggesting a prevalence thereof. During this period, a high quality steel called Wootz steel was developed in south India and was later exported to China and Arabia.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Arthashastra

text: and

text: the

text: Edicts

text: of

text: Ashoka

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: written

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: times

text: Archaeologically

text: this

text: period

text: falls

text: into

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Northern

text: Black

text: Polished

text: Ware

text: NBPW

text: The

text: Mauryan

text: Empire

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: modern

text: and

text: efficient

text: economy

text: and

text: society

text: However

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: merchandise

text: was

text: closely

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: Although

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: banking

text: in

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: society

text: usury

text: was

text: customary

text: A

text: significant

text: amount

text: of

text: written

text: records

text: on

text: slavery

text: are

text: found

text: suggesting

text: a

text: prevalence

text: thereof

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: steel

text: called

text: Wootz

text: steel

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: south

text: India

text: and

text: was

text: later

text: exported

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: Arabia

question: What are the basic written records of the Mauryans?

answer: Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka

text: Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka

question: What is the archaeological period of the Mauryan Empire?

answer: Northern Black Polished Ware

text: Northern Black Polished Ware

question: What metal was developed in south India during the time of the Mauryan Empire?

answer: Wootz steel

text: Wootz steel

question: To where was wootz steel exported?

answer: China and Arabia

text: China and Arabia

question: What organization closely monitored business dealings in the Mauryan Empire?

answer: government

text: government


text: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: first

text: geographical

text: entity

text: that

text: was

text: called

text: Armenia

text: by

text: neighboring

text: peoples

text: such

text: as

text: by

text: Hecataeus

text: of

text: Miletus

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Behistun

text: Inscription

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: BC

text: under

text: the

text: Orontid

text: dynasty

text: within

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: latters

text: territories

text: and

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: a

text: kingdom

text: At

text: its

text: zenith

text: BC

text: the

text: state

text: extended

text: from

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: central

text: Turkey

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: northern

text: Iran

text: The

text: imperial

text: reign

text: of

text: Tigranes

text: the

text: Great

text: is

text: thus

text: the

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: during

text: which

text: Armenia

text: itself

text: conquered

text: areas

text: populated

text: by

text: other

text: peoples

question: When was Armenia established?

answer: in the late 6th century BC

text: in the late 6th century BC

question: What famous inscription mentioned Armenia?

answer: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription

text: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription

question: During which dynasty was Armenia established?

answer: Orontid dynasty

text: Orontid dynasty

question: When was Armenia at its largest?

answer: 95–65 BC

text: 95–65 BC


text: In South Australia, initially a Liberal and Country Party affiliated party, the Liberal and Country League (LCL), mostly led by Premier of South Australia Tom Playford, was in power from the 1933 election to the 1965 election, though with assistance from an electoral malapportionment, or gerrymander, known as the Playmander. The LCL's Steele Hall governed for one term from the 1968 election to the 1970 election and during this time began the process of dismantling the Playmander. David Tonkin, as leader of the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia, became Premier at the 1979 election for one term, losing office at the 1982 election. The Liberals returned to power at the 1993 election, led by Premiers Dean Brown, John Olsen and Rob Kerin through two terms, until their defeat at the 2002 election. They have since remained in opposition under a record five Opposition Leaders.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: In

text: South

text: Australia

text: initially

text: a

text: Liberal

text: and

text: Country

text: Party

text: affiliated

text: party

text: the

text: Liberal

text: and

text: Country

text: League

text: LCL

text: mostly

text: led

text: by

text: Premier

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: Tom

text: Playford

text: was

text: in

text: power

text: from

text: the

text: election

text: to

text: the

text: election

text: though

text: with

text: assistance

text: from

text: an

text: electoral

text: malapportionment

text: or

text: gerrymander

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Playmander

text: The

text: LCL

text: 's

text: Steele

text: Hall

text: governed

text: for

text: one

text: term

text: from

text: the

text: election

text: to

text: the

text: election

text: and

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: began

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: dismantling

text: the

text: Playmander

text: David

text: Tonkin

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Australian

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: of

text: Australia

text: became

text: Premier

text: at

text: the

text: election

text: for

text: one

text: term

text: losing

text: office

text: at

text: the

text: election

text: The

text: Liberals

text: returned

text: to

text: power

text: at

text: the

text: election

text: led

text: by

text: Premiers

text: Dean

text: Brown

text: John

text: Olsen

text: and

text: Rob

text: Kerin

text: through

text: two

text: terms

text: until

text: their

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: election

text: They

text: have

text: since

text: remained

text: in

text: opposition

text: under

text: a

text: record

text: five

text: Opposition

text: Leaders

question: How long was Tom Playford in political power?

answer: from the 1933 election to the 1965 election

text: from the 1933 election to the 1965 election

question: How many consecutive losses has the Liberal party faced since the 2002 election?

answer: a record five

text: a record five

question: During what years did the dismantling of the Playmander begin?

answer: 1968 election to the 1970 election

text: 1968 election to the 1970 election


text: The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: Twin

text: Shocks

text: the

text: Soviet

text: entry

text: and

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombing

text: were

text: profound

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: sacred

text: decision

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: Japanese

text: Cabinet

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: terms

text: on

text: one

text: condition

text: the

text: prerogative

text: of

text: His

text: Majesty

text: as

text: a

text: Sovereign

text: Ruler

text: At

text: noon

text: on

text: August

text: after

text: the

text: American

text: government

text: 's

text: intentionally

text: ambiguous

text: reply

text: stating

text: that

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: shall

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: the

text: Emperor

text: broadcast

text: to

text: the

text: nation

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: at

text: large

text: the

text: rescript

text: of

text: surrender

text: ending

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

question: How did the Japanese refer to the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion?

answer: "Twin Shocks"

text: "Twin Shocks"

question: When did Japan surrender?

answer: 15 August

text: 15 August

question: What was the one condition Japan wanted before accepting the Potsdam terms?

answer: "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler"

text: "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler"

question: What was the reply to Japan about the surrender condition?

answer: "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers"

text: "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers"

question: What was it called when the Japanese Cabinet accepted the Potsdam terms?

answer: "sacred decision"

text: "sacred decision"


text: The highest pub in the United Kingdom is the Tan Hill Inn, Yorkshire, at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level. The remotest pub on the British mainland is The Old Forge in the village of Inverie, Lochaber, Scotland. There is no road access and it may only be reached by an 18-mile (29 km) walk over mountains, or a 7-mile (11 km) sea crossing. Likewise, The Berney Arms in Norfolk has no road access. It may be reached by foot or by boat, and by train as it is served by the nearby Berney Arms railway station, which likewise has no road access and serves no other settlement.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: highest

text: pub

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: the

text: Tan

text: Hill

text: Inn

text: Yorkshire

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: remotest

text: pub

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: mainland

text: is

text: The

text: Old

text: Forge

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Inverie

text: Lochaber

text: Scotland

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: road

text: access

text: and

text: it

text: may

text: only

text: be

text: reached

text: by

text: an

text: km

text: walk

text: over

text: mountains

text: or

text: a

text: km

text: sea

text: crossing

text: Likewise

text: The

text: Berney

text: Arms

text: in

text: Norfolk

text: has

text: no

text: road

text: access

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: reached

text: by

text: foot

text: or

text: by

text: boat

text: and

text: by

text: train

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: nearby

text: Berney

text: Arms

text: railway

text: station

text: which

text: likewise

text: has

text: no

text: road

text: access

text: and

text: serves

text: no

text: other

text: settlement

question: What pub in England is the highest above sea level?

answer: the Tan Hill Inn

text: the Tan Hill Inn

question: In what county is the Tan Hill Inn located?

answer: Yorkshire

text: Yorkshire

question: How many meters above sea level is the Tan Hill Inn?

answer: 528

question: In what settlement is the pub known as The Old Forge located?

answer: Inverie

text: Inverie

question: In what country of the United Kingdom is the Old Forge pub located?

answer: Scotland

text: Scotland


text: The American Banjo Museum located in the Bricktown Entertainment district is dedicated to preserving and promoting the music and heritage of America's native musical instrument – the banjo. With a collection valued at $3.5 million it is truly a national treasure. An interpretive exhibits tells the evolution of the banjo from its humble roots in American slavery, to bluegrass, to folk and world music.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: American

text: Banjo

text: Museum

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Bricktown

text: Entertainment

text: district

text: is

text: dedicated

text: to

text: preserving

text: and

text: promoting

text: the

text: music

text: and

text: heritage

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: native

text: musical

text: instrument

text: the

text: banjo

text: With

text: a

text: collection

text: valued

text: at

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: truly

text: a

text: national

text: treasure

text: An

text: interpretive

text: exhibits

text: tells

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: banjo

text: from

text: its

text: humble

text: roots

text: in

text: American

text: slavery

text: to

text: bluegrass

text: to

text: folk

text: and

text: world

text: music

question: What musical instrument has it's own museum in Oklahoma City?

answer: the banjo

text: the banjo

question: How much is the collection worth in the museum?

answer: $3.5 million

text: $3.5 million


text: In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterranean, signalling the collapse of relations between the two countries. Libyan relations with Lebanon and Shi'ite communities across the world also deteriorated due to the August 1978 disappearance of imam Musa al-Sadr when visiting Libya; the Lebanese accused Gaddafi of having him killed or imprisoned, a charge he denied. Relations with Syria improved, as Gaddafi and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad shared an enmity with Israel and Egypt's Sadat. In 1980, they proposed a political union, with Libya paying off Syria's £1 billion debt to the Soviet Union; although pressures led Assad to pull out, they remained allies. Another key ally was Uganda, and in 1979, Gaddafi sent 2,500 troops into Uganda to defend the regime of President Idi Amin from Tanzanian invaders. The mission failed; 400 Libyans were killed and they were forced to retreat. Gaddafi later came to regret his alliance with Amin, openly criticising him.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: placed

text: Libya

text: on

text: its

text: list

text: of

text: State

text: Sponsors

text: of

text: Terrorism

text: while

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: a

text: demonstration

text: torched

text: the

text: U.S.

text: embassy

text: in

text: Tripoli

text: in

text: solidarity

text: with

text: the

text: perpetrators

text: of

text: the

text: Iran

text: hostage

text: crisis

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Libyan

text: fighters

text: began

text: intercepting

text: U.S.

text: fighter

text: jets

text: flying

text: over

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: signalling

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: Libyan

text: relations

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: Shi'ite

text: communities

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: also

text: deteriorated

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: August

text: disappearance

text: of

text: imam

text: Musa

text: al

text: Sadr

text: when

text: visiting

text: Libya

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: accused

text: Gaddafi

text: of

text: having

text: him

text: killed

text: or

text: imprisoned

text: a

text: charge

text: he

text: denied

text: Relations

text: with

text: Syria

text: improved

text: as

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: Syrian

text: President

text: Hafez

text: al

text: Assad

text: shared

text: an

text: enmity

text: with

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: Sadat

text: In

text: they

text: proposed

text: a

text: political

text: union

text: with

text: Libya

text: paying

text: off

text: Syria

text: 's

text: billion

text: debt

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: although

text: pressures

text: led

text: Assad

text: to

text: pull

text: out

text: they

text: remained

text: allies

text: Another

text: key

text: ally

text: was

text: Uganda

text: and

text: in

text: Gaddafi

text: sent

text: troops

text: into

text: Uganda

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: regime

text: of

text: President

text: Idi

text: Amin

text: from

text: Tanzanian

text: invaders

text: The

text: mission

text: failed

text: Libyans

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: retreat

text: Gaddafi

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: regret

text: his

text: alliance

text: with

text: Amin

text: openly

text: criticising

text: him

question: What list did the United States add Libya to in 1979?

answer: State Sponsors of Terrorism

text: State Sponsors of Terrorism

question: In what Libyan city was the United States embassy burned in 1979?

answer: Tripoli

text: Tripoli

question: What event prompted the burning of the US embassy in Libya?

answer: Iran hostage crisis

text: Iran hostage crisis

question: How much money did Syria owe to the Soviets as of 1980?

answer: £1 billion

text: £1 billion

question: What country's military was attacking Uganda in 1979?

answer: Tanzanian

text: Tanzanian


text: A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. A "species" under the act can be a true taxonomic species, a subspecies, or in the case of vertebrates, a "distinct population segment." The procedures are the same for both types except with the person/organization petition, there is a 90-day screening period.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: A

text: species

text: can

text: be

text: listed

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Fish

text: and

text: Wildlife

text: Service

text: FWS

text: or

text: NOAA

text: Fisheries

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: National

text: Marine

text: Fisheries

text: Service

text: can

text: directly

text: list

text: a

text: species

text: through

text: its

text: candidate

text: assessment

text: program

text: or

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: organizational

text: petition

text: may

text: request

text: that

text: the

text: FWS

text: or

text: NMFS

text: list

text: a

text: species

text: A

text: species

text: under

text: the

text: act

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: true

text: taxonomic

text: species

text: a

text: subspecies

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: a

text: distinct

text: population

text: segment

text: The

text: procedures

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: for

text: both

text: types

text: except

text: with

text: the

text: person

text: organization

text: petition

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: screening

text: period

question: How many different ways can a species be added to the endangered list?

answer: two ways

text: two ways

question: What federal program is used to list a species?

answer: candidate assessment program

text: candidate assessment program

question: How long is the screening period of an individual's or organization's petition to add a species to the list

answer: 90-day screening period

text: 90-day screening period

question: In the case of vertebrates, what is the most lenient interpretation of "species"?

answer: a "distinct population segment."

text: a "distinct population segment."


text: In May 2007, YouTube launched its Partner Program, a system based on AdSense which allows the uploader of the video to share the revenue produced by advertising on the site. YouTube typically takes 45 percent of the advertising revenue from videos in the Partner Program, with 55 percent going to the uploader. There are over a million members of the YouTube Partner Program. According to TubeMogul, in 2013 a pre-roll advertisement on YouTube (one that is shown before the video starts) cost advertisers on average $7.60 per 1000 views. Usually no more than half of eligible videos have a pre-roll advertisement, due to a lack of interested advertisers. Assuming pre-roll advertisements on half of videos, a YouTube partner would earn 0.5 X $7.60 X 55% = $2.09 per 1000 views in 2013.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: May

text: YouTube

text: launched

text: its

text: Partner

text: Program

text: a

text: system

text: based

text: on

text: AdSense

text: which

text: allows

text: the

text: uploader

text: of

text: the

text: video

text: to

text: share

text: the

text: revenue

text: produced

text: by

text: advertising

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: YouTube

text: typically

text: takes

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: advertising

text: revenue

text: from

text: videos

text: in

text: the

text: Partner

text: Program

text: with

text: percent

text: going

text: to

text: the

text: uploader

text: There

text: are

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: YouTube

text: Partner

text: Program

text: According

text: to

text: TubeMogul

text: in

text: a

text: pre

text: roll

text: advertisement

text: on

text: YouTube

text: one

text: that

text: is

text: shown

text: before

text: the

text: video

text: starts

text: cost

text: advertisers

text: on

text: average

text: per

text: views

text: Usually

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: eligible

text: videos

text: have

text: a

text: pre

text: roll

text: advertisement

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: interested

text: advertisers

text: Assuming

text: pre

text: roll

text: advertisements

text: on

text: half

text: of

text: videos

text: a

text: YouTube

text: partner

text: would

text: earn

text: X

text: X

text: per

text: views

text: in

question: What was youtube's 2007 partner program based on?

answer: AdSense

text: AdSense

question: What percentage of revenue does youtube get for ads on "partner program" channels?

answer: 45 percent

text: 45 percent

question: How many people are employed by the partner program?

answer: over a million

text: over a million

question: As per estimate in 2013 how much would a partner program member earn with ad revenue off of pre-roll advertising per 1000 views?

answer: $2.09

question: How much ad revenue goes to the original uploader of the youtube video if they're in the partner program?

answer: 55 percent

text: 55 percent


text: In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial extension. His experimental proof of the intromission model of vision led to changes in the understanding of the visual perception of space, contrary to the previous emission theory of vision supported by Euclid and Ptolemy. In "tying the visual perception of space to prior bodily experience, Alhacen unequivocally rejected the intuitiveness of spatial perception and, therefore, the autonomy of vision. Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things."

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Muslim

text: physicist

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhacen

text: or

text: Alhazen

text: discussed

text: space

text: perception

text: and

text: its

text: epistemological

text: implications

text: in

text: his

text: Book

text: of

text: Optics

text: he

text: also

text: rejected

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: definition

text: of

text: topos

text: Physics

text: IV

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: geometric

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: defined

text: place

text: as

text: a

text: mathematical

text: spatial

text: extension

text: His

text: experimental

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: intromission

text: model

text: of

text: vision

text: led

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: visual

text: perception

text: of

text: space

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: emission

text: theory

text: of

text: vision

text: supported

text: by

text: Euclid

text: and

text: Ptolemy

text: In

text: tying

text: the

text: visual

text: perception

text: of

text: space

text: to

text: prior

text: bodily

text: experience

text: Alhacen

text: unequivocally

text: rejected

text: the

text: intuitiveness

text: of

text: spatial

text: perception

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: autonomy

text: of

text: vision

text: Without

text: tangible

text: notions

text: of

text: distance

text: and

text: size

text: for

text: correlation

text: sight

text: can

text: tell

text: us

text: next

text: to

text: nothing

text: about

text: such

text: things

question: Which 11th century Muslim physicist discussed space perception and its epistemological implications?

answer: al-Haytham

text: al-Haytham

question: Which 11th century book discussed space perception and its epistemological implications?

answer: Book of Optics

text: Book of Optics

question: Whose definition of topos did Alhazen reject?

answer: Aristotle's

text: Aristotle's

question: Alhazen's  experimental proof of the intromission model of vision led to the change of understanding of what?

answer: Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things

text: Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things

question: Alhazen stated that without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us what about spatial perception?

answer: next to nothing

text: next to nothing


text: Israel is home to many Palestinian musicians, including internationally acclaimed oud and violin virtuoso Taiseer Elias, singer Amal Murkus, and brothers Samir and Wissam Joubran. Israeli Arab musicians have achieved fame beyond Israel's borders: Elias and Murkus frequently play to audiences in Europe and America, and oud player Darwish Darwish (Prof. Elias's student) was awarded first prize in the all-Arab oud contest in Egypt in 2003. The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance has an advanced degree program, headed by Taiseer Elias, in Arabic music.[citation needed]

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: Palestinian

text: musicians

text: including

text: internationally

text: acclaimed

text: oud

text: and

text: violin

text: virtuoso

text: Taiseer

text: Elias

text: singer

text: Amal

text: Murkus

text: and

text: brothers

text: Samir

text: and

text: Wissam

text: Joubran

text: Israeli

text: Arab

text: musicians

text: have

text: achieved

text: fame

text: beyond

text: Israel

text: 's

text: borders

text: Elias

text: and

text: Murkus

text: frequently

text: play

text: to

text: audiences

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: America

text: and

text: oud

text: player

text: Darwish

text: Darwish

text: Prof

text: Elias

text: 's

text: student

text: was

text: awarded

text: first

text: prize

text: in

text: the

text: all

text: Arab

text: oud

text: contest

text: in

text: Egypt

text: in

text: The

text: Jerusalem

text: Academy

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: Dance

text: has

text: an

text: advanced

text: degree

text: program

text: headed

text: by

text: Taiseer

text: Elias

text: in

text: Arabic

text: music.[citation

text: needed

question: What internationally acclaimed violin virtuoso is from Israel?

answer: Taiseer Elias

text: Taiseer Elias

question: Who was awarded first prize in the all-Arab oud contest in Egypt in 2003?

answer: Darwish Darwish

text: Darwish Darwish

question: Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music?

answer: Taiseer Elias

text: Taiseer Elias


text: Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. Many birds glean for insects, invertebrates, fruit, or seeds. Some hunt insects by suddenly attacking from a branch. Those species that seek pest insects are considered beneficial 'biological control agents' and their presence encouraged in biological pest control programs. Nectar feeders such as hummingbirds, sunbirds, lories, and lorikeets amongst others have specially adapted brushy tongues and in many cases bills designed to fit co-adapted flowers. Kiwis and shorebirds with long bills probe for invertebrates; shorebirds' varied bill lengths and feeding methods result in the separation of ecological niches. Loons, diving ducks, penguins and auks pursue their prey underwater, using their wings or feet for propulsion, while aerial predators such as sulids, kingfishers and terns plunge dive after their prey. Flamingos, three species of prion, and some ducks are filter feeders. Geese and dabbling ducks are primarily grazers.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: that

text: employ

text: many

text: strategies

text: to

text: obtain

text: food

text: or

text: feed

text: on

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: food

text: items

text: are

text: called

text: generalists

text: while

text: others

text: that

text: concentrate

text: time

text: and

text: effort

text: on

text: specific

text: food

text: items

text: or

text: have

text: a

text: single

text: strategy

text: to

text: obtain

text: food

text: are

text: considered

text: specialists

text: Birds

text: feeding

text: strategies

text: vary

text: by

text: species

text: Many

text: birds

text: glean

text: for

text: insects

text: invertebrates

text: fruit

text: or

text: seeds

text: Some

text: hunt

text: insects

text: by

text: suddenly

text: attacking

text: from

text: a

text: branch

text: Those

text: species

text: that

text: seek

text: pest

text: insects

text: are

text: considered

text: beneficial

text: biological

text: control

text: agents

text: and

text: their

text: presence

text: encouraged

text: in

text: biological

text: pest

text: control

text: programs

text: Nectar

text: feeders

text: such

text: as

text: hummingbirds

text: sunbirds

text: lories

text: and

text: lorikeets

text: amongst

text: others

text: have

text: specially

text: adapted

text: brushy

text: tongues

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: bills

text: designed

text: to

text: fit

text: co

text: adapted

text: flowers

text: Kiwis

text: and

text: shorebirds

text: with

text: long

text: bills

text: probe

text: for

text: invertebrates

text: shorebirds

text: varied

text: bill

text: lengths

text: and

text: feeding

text: methods

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: ecological

text: niches

text: Loons

text: diving

text: ducks

text: penguins

text: and

text: auks

text: pursue

text: their

text: prey

text: underwater

text: using

text: their

text: wings

text: or

text: feet

text: for

text: propulsion

text: while

text: aerial

text: predators

text: such

text: as

text: sulids

text: kingfishers

text: and

text: terns

text: plunge

text: dive

text: after

text: their

text: prey

text: Flamingos

text: three

text: species

text: of

text: prion

text: and

text: some

text: ducks

text: are

text: filter

text: feeders

text: Geese

text: and

text: dabbling

text: ducks

text: are

text: primarily

text: grazers

question: What is the term used for birds that employ many strategies to obtain food?

answer: generalists

text: generalists

question: What is the term used for birds that concentrate time and effort on specific food items?

answer: specialists

text: specialists

question: What type of birds have specially adapted brushy tongues?

answer: Nectar feeders

text: Nectar feeders


text: Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account: Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles, and then stood trial before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body), Pontius Pilate (a Roman authority in Judaea), and Herod Antipas (king of Judea, appointed by Rome), before being handed over for crucifixion by the chief priests of the Jews. After being flogged, Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers as the "King of the Jews", clothed in a purple robe, crowned with thorns, beaten and spat on. Jesus then had to make his way to the place of his crucifixion.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: Combining

text: statements

text: in

text: the

text: canonical

text: Gospels

text: produces

text: the

text: following

text: account

text: Jesus

text: was

text: arrested

text: in

text: Gethsemane

text: following

text: the

text: Last

text: Supper

text: with

text: the

text: Twelve

text: Apostles

text: and

text: then

text: stood

text: trial

text: before

text: the

text: Sanhedrin

text: a

text: Jewish

text: judicial

text: body

text: Pontius

text: Pilate

text: a

text: Roman

text: authority

text: in

text: Judaea

text: and

text: Herod

text: Antipas

text: king

text: of

text: Judea

text: appointed

text: by

text: Rome

text: before

text: being

text: handed

text: over

text: for

text: crucifixion

text: by

text: the

text: chief

text: priests

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: After

text: being

text: flogged

text: Jesus

text: was

text: mocked

text: by

text: Roman

text: soldiers

text: as

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: clothed

text: in

text: a

text: purple

text: robe

text: crowned

text: with

text: thorns

text: beaten

text: and

text: spat

text: on

text: Jesus

text: then

text: had

text: to

text: make

text: his

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: his

text: crucifixion

question: Where was Jesus arrested?

answer: Gethsemane

text: Gethsemane

question: What did Jesus do before he was arrested?

answer: the Last Supper

text: the Last Supper

question: How many Apostles were there at the Last Supper?

answer: Twelve Apostles

text: Twelve Apostles

question: How was Jesus tortured before he was crucified?

answer: flogged

text: flogged

question: What was placed on Jesus' head?

answer: crowned with thorns

text: crowned with thorns


text: The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: The

text: egalitarianism

text: typical

text: of

text: human

text: hunters

text: and

text: gatherers

text: is

text: never

text: total

text: but

text: is

text: striking

text: when

text: viewed

text: in

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: context

text: One

text: of

text: humanity

text: 's

text: two

text: closest

text: primate

text: relatives

text: chimpanzees

text: are

text: anything

text: but

text: egalitarian

text: forming

text: themselves

text: into

text: hierarchies

text: that

text: are

text: often

text: dominated

text: by

text: an

text: alpha

text: male

text: So

text: great

text: is

text: the

text: contrast

text: with

text: human

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: widely

text: argued

text: by

text: palaeoanthropologists

text: that

text: resistance

text: to

text: being

text: dominated

text: was

text: a

text: key

text: factor

text: driving

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: emergence

text: of

text: human

text: consciousness

text: language

text: kinship

text: and

text: social

text: organization

question: How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?

answer: in an evolutionary context

text: in an evolutionary context

question: What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?

answer: anything but egalitarian

text: anything but egalitarian

question: How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?

answer: into hierarchies

text: into hierarchies

question: What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?

answer: alpha male

text: alpha male


text: Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes from the word darbâr (دربار), which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE. Dari may have been heavily influenced by regional dialects of eastern Iran, whereas the earlier Pahlavi standard was based more on western dialects. This new prestige dialect became the basis of Standard New Persian. Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term "Dari" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term "Pahlavi" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and "Pârsi" ("Persian" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars. They also noted that the unofficial language of the royalty itself was yet another dialect, "Khuzi", associated with the western province of Khuzestan.

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: Following

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Conquest

text: of

text: Persia

text: Iran

text: there

text: were

text: important

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: dialects

text: within

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: The

text: old

text: prestige

text: form

text: of

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Pahlavi

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: new

text: standard

text: dialect

text: called

text: Dari

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: The

text: name

text: Dari

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: word

text: darbâr

text: دربار

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: court

text: where

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: poets

text: protagonists

text: and

text: patrons

text: of

text: the

text: literature

text: flourished

text: The

text: Saffarid

text: dynasty

text: in

text: particular

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: many

text: dynasties

text: to

text: officially

text: adopt

text: the

text: new

text: language

text: in

text: CE

text: Dari

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: regional

text: dialects

text: of

text: eastern

text: Iran

text: whereas

text: the

text: earlier

text: Pahlavi

text: standard

text: was

text: based

text: more

text: on

text: western

text: dialects

text: This

text: new

text: prestige

text: dialect

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Standard

text: New

text: Persian

text: Medieval

text: Iranian

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Abdullah

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Muqaffa

text: century

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nadim

text: century

text: associated

text: the

text: term

text: Dari

text: with

text: the

text: eastern

text: province

text: of

text: Khorasan

text: while

text: they

text: used

text: the

text: term

text: Pahlavi

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: dialects

text: of

text: the

text: northwestern

text: areas

text: between

text: Isfahan

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: and

text: Pârsi

text: Persian

text: proper

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: Dialects

text: of

text: Fars

text: They

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: unofficial

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: royalty

text: itself

text: was

text: yet

text: another

text: dialect

text: Khuzi

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: western

text: province

text: of

text: Khuzestan

question: The proliferation of which religion had a profound effect on the development of Iranian languages?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: What language displaced Middle Iranian as the court's official tongue?

answer: Dari

text: Dari

question: What was the first dynasty to use Dari?

answer: Saffarid

text: Saffarid

question: When did the Saffarid dynasty begin using Dari?

answer: 875 CE

text: 875 CE

question: What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?

answer: Khorasan

text: Khorasan