text: Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted women's suffrage, prohibited gender-based discrimination, and entailed special protection for women in the workplace. Coinciding with the new constitution and Nasser's presidency, the RCC dissolved itself and its members resigned their military commissions as part of the transition to civilian rule. During the deliberations surrounding the establishment of a new government, Nasser began a process of sidelining his rivals among the original Free Officers, while elevating his closest allies to high-ranking positions in the cabinet.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: nomination

text: for

text: the

text: post

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: were

text: put

text: to

text: public

text: referendum

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: each

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: A

text: National

text: Assembly

text: was

text: established

text: elections

text: for

text: which

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: July

text: Nasser

text: had

text: ultimate

text: approval

text: over

text: all

text: the

text: candidates

text: The

text: constitution

text: granted

text: women

text: 's

text: suffrage

text: prohibited

text: gender

text: based

text: discrimination

text: and

text: entailed

text: special

text: protection

text: for

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: workplace

text: Coinciding

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: and

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: presidency

text: the

text: RCC

text: dissolved

text: itself

text: and

text: its

text: members

text: resigned

text: their

text: military

text: commissions

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: transition

text: to

text: civilian

text: rule

text: During

text: the

text: deliberations

text: surrounding

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: government

text: Nasser

text: began

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: sidelining

text: his

text: rivals

text: among

text: the

text: original

text: Free

text: Officers

text: while

text: elevating

text: his

text: closest

text: allies

text: to

text: high

text: ranking

text: positions

text: in

text: the

text: cabinet

question: Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?

answer: Nasser

text: Nasser

question: Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?

answer: women

text: women

question: What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?

answer: RCC

text: RCC

question: Among the original Free Officers, what did Nasser do to his opponents?

answer: sidelining

text: sidelining

question: What did Nasser's allies receive in the new arrangement?

answer: high-ranking positions in the cabinet

text: high-ranking positions in the cabinet


text: In his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies included experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging at specific angles and the amount of pull on each hand was measured, in cases where the feet were also secured or not. In these cases the amount of pull and the corresponding pain was found to be significant.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: In

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: physician

text: and

text: forensic

text: pathologist

text: Frederick

text: Zugibe

text: studied

text: the

text: likely

text: circumstances

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Jesus

text: in

text: great

text: detail

text: Zugibe

text: carried

text: out

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: experiments

text: over

text: several

text: years

text: to

text: test

text: his

text: theories

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: medical

text: examiner

text: These

text: studies

text: included

text: experiments

text: in

text: which

text: volunteers

text: with

text: specific

text: weights

text: were

text: hanging

text: at

text: specific

text: angles

text: and

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: pull

text: on

text: each

text: hand

text: was

text: measured

text: in

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: feet

text: were

text: also

text: secured

text: or

text: not

text: In

text: these

text: cases

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: pull

text: and

text: the

text: corresponding

text: pain

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: significant

question: Who wrote The Crucifixion of Jesus?

answer: Frederick Zugibe

text: Frederick Zugibe

question: What did Frederick Zugibe study in detail for this book?

answer: the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus

text: the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus

question: How did Zugibe try to prove his theories?

answer: carried out a number of experiments over several years

text: carried out a number of experiments over several years

question: What kind of experiments did Zugibe run?

answer: experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging

text: experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging

question: What specifics were recorded in his experiments?

answer: amount of pull and the corresponding pain

text: amount of pull and the corresponding pain


text: The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: The

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: was

text: a

text: reform

text: of

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: instituted

text: in

text: by

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: XIII

text: after

text: whom

text: the

text: calendar

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: papal

text: bull

text: Inter

text: gravissimas

text: dated

text: February

text: The

text: motivation

text: for

text: the

text: adjustment

text: was

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: date

text: for

text: the

text: celebration

text: of

text: Easter

text: to

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: year

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: celebrated

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: Church

text: Although

text: a

text: recommendation

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: in

text: specified

text: that

text: all

text: Christians

text: should

text: celebrate

text: Easter

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: it

text: took

text: almost

text: five

text: centuries

text: before

text: virtually

text: all

text: Christians

text: achieved

text: that

text: objective

text: by

text: adopting

text: the

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: see

text: Easter

text: for

text: the

text: issues

text: which

text: arose

question: Who revised the Julian calendar?

answer: Pope Gregory XIII

text: Pope Gregory XIII

question: When was the Gregorian Calendar introduced?

answer: 1582

question: What calendar was used in the reform to create the Gregorian calendar?

answer: Julian calendar

text: Julian calendar

question: What holiday was the inducement to revise the Julian calendar?

answer: Easter

text: Easter

question: When did the First Council of Nicaea rule that Easter be celebrated by all Christians?

answer: on the same day

text: on the same day


text: The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: The

text: post

text: of

text: prime

text: minister

text: may

text: be

text: encountered

text: both

text: in

text: constitutional

text: monarchies

text: such

text: as

text: Belgium

text: Denmark

text: Japan

text: Luxembourg

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Norway

text: Malaysia

text: Morocco

text: Spain

text: Sweden

text: Thailand

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: in

text: parliamentary

text: republics

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: official

text: such

text: as

text: Finland

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: France

text: Greece

text: Hungary

text: India

text: Indonesia

text: Ireland

text: Pakistan

text: Portugal

text: Montenegro

text: Croatia

text: Bulgaria

text: Romania

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Turkey

text: See

text: also

text: First

text: Minister

text: Premier

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: Chancellor

text: Taoiseach

text: Statsminister

text: and

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: alternative

text: titles

text: usually

text: equivalent

text: in

text: meaning

text: to

text: or

text: translated

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

question: Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?

answer: parliamentary republics

text: parliamentary republics

question: In whic type of government is the leader elected?

answer: parliamentary republics

text: parliamentary republics


text: Parasites can at times be difficult to distinguish from grazers. Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species. While a grazing species such as an elephant may travel many kilometers in a single day, grazing on many plants in the process, parasites form very close associations with their hosts, usually having only one or at most a few in their lifetime. This close living arrangement may be described by the term symbiosis, "living together", but unlike mutualism the association significantly reduces the fitness of the host. Parasitic organisms range from the macroscopic mistletoe, a parasitic plant, to microscopic internal parasites such as cholera. Some species however have more loose associations with their hosts. Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) larvae may feed parasitically on only a single plant, or they may graze on several nearby plants. It is therefore wise to treat this classification system as a continuum rather than four isolated forms.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: Parasites

text: can

text: at

text: times

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: distinguish

text: from

text: grazers

text: Their

text: feeding

text: behavior

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: many

text: ways

text: however

text: they

text: are

text: noted

text: for

text: their

text: close

text: association

text: with

text: their

text: host

text: species

text: While

text: a

text: grazing

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: elephant

text: may

text: travel

text: many

text: kilometers

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: day

text: grazing

text: on

text: many

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: parasites

text: form

text: very

text: close

text: associations

text: with

text: their

text: hosts

text: usually

text: having

text: only

text: one

text: or

text: at

text: most

text: a

text: few

text: in

text: their

text: lifetime

text: This

text: close

text: living

text: arrangement

text: may

text: be

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: symbiosis

text: living

text: together

text: but

text: unlike

text: mutualism

text: the

text: association

text: significantly

text: reduces

text: the

text: fitness

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: Parasitic

text: organisms

text: range

text: from

text: the

text: macroscopic

text: mistletoe

text: a

text: parasitic

text: plant

text: to

text: microscopic

text: internal

text: parasites

text: such

text: as

text: cholera

text: Some

text: species

text: however

text: have

text: more

text: loose

text: associations

text: with

text: their

text: hosts

text: Lepidoptera

text: butterfly

text: and

text: moth

text: larvae

text: may

text: feed

text: parasitically

text: on

text: only

text: a

text: single

text: plant

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: graze

text: on

text: several

text: nearby

text: plants

text: It

text: is

text: therefore

text: wise

text: to

text: treat

text: this

text: classification

text: system

text: as

text: a

text: continuum

text: rather

text: than

text: four

text: isolated

text: forms

question: Species that rely on few or a single prey are called?

answer: Parasites

text: Parasites

question: Predator and prey relationships that improve fitness for both species are classified as this type of relationship.

answer: mutualism

text: mutualism

question: Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day.

answer: elephant

text: elephant

question: What plant associated with kissing during the holidays is also parasitic?

answer: mistletoe

text: mistletoe

question: How are parasites distiguished from grazers?

answer: close association with their host species

text: close association with their host species

question: How many hosts do parasites typically have?

answer: one or at most a few in their lifetime

text: one or at most a few in their lifetime

question: How should parasite classification be viewed instead of as four isolated forms?

answer: a continuum

text: a continuum

question: What does the term symbiosis mean?

answer: living together

text: living together


text: In recent decades, a series of inscribed graphs and pictures have been found at Neolithic sites in China, including Jiahu (c. 6500 BC), Dadiwan and Damaidi from the 6th millennium BC, and Banpo (5th millennium BC). Often these finds are accompanied by media reports that push back the purported beginnings of Chinese writing by thousands of years. However, because these marks occur singly, without any implied context, and are made crudely and simply, Qiu Xigui concluded that "we do not have any basis for stating that these constituted writing nor is there reason to conclude that they were ancestral to Shang dynasty Chinese characters." They do however demonstrate a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: recent

text: decades

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: inscribed

text: graphs

text: and

text: pictures

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: at

text: Neolithic

text: sites

text: in

text: China

text: including

text: Jiahu

text: c.

text: BC

text: Dadiwan

text: and

text: Damaidi

text: from

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: and

text: Banpo

text: millennium

text: BC

text: Often

text: these

text: finds

text: are

text: accompanied

text: by

text: media

text: reports

text: that

text: push

text: back

text: the

text: purported

text: beginnings

text: of

text: Chinese

text: writing

text: by

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: However

text: because

text: these

text: marks

text: occur

text: singly

text: without

text: any

text: implied

text: context

text: and

text: are

text: made

text: crudely

text: and

text: simply

text: Qiu

text: Xigui

text: concluded

text: that

text: we

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: basis

text: for

text: stating

text: that

text: these

text: constituted

text: writing

text: nor

text: is

text: there

text: reason

text: to

text: conclude

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: ancestral

text: to

text: Shang

text: dynasty

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: They

text: do

text: however

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: sign

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: Yellow

text: River

text: valley

text: during

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: Shang

text: period

question: What may have been found at Neolithic sites in China in recent decades?

answer: series of inscribed graphs and pictures

text: series of inscribed graphs and pictures

question: What has demonstrated a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley?

answer: Chinese characters

text: Chinese characters

question: What color was the famous valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period?

answer: Yellow

text: Yellow


text: Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, when nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town and gown tension.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Like

text: other

text: American

text: research

text: universities

text: Northwestern

text: was

text: transformed

text: by

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Franklyn

text: B.

text: Snyder

text: led

text: the

text: university

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: nearly

text: military

text: officers

text: and

text: personnel

text: were

text: trained

text: on

text: the

text: Evanston

text: and

text: Chicago

text: campuses

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: surging

text: enrollments

text: under

text: the

text: G.I.

text: Bill

text: drove

text: drastic

text: expansion

text: of

text: both

text: campuses

text: In

text: prominent

text: anthropologist

text: Melville

text: J.

text: Herskovits

text: founded

text: the

text: Program

text: of

text: African

text: Studies

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: the

text: first

text: center

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: at

text: an

text: American

text: academic

text: institution

text: J.

text: Roscoe

text: Miller

text: 's

text: tenure

text: as

text: president

text: from

text: to

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Evanston

text: campus

text: with

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: lakefill

text: on

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: faculty

text: and

text: new

text: academic

text: programs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: polarizing

text: Vietnam

text: era

text: student

text: protests

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: Unabomber

text: attacks

text: occurred

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: Relations

text: between

text: Evanston

text: and

text: Northwestern

text: were

text: strained

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: era

text: because

text: of

text: episodes

text: of

text: disruptive

text: student

text: activism

text: disputes

text: over

text: municipal

text: zoning

text: building

text: codes

text: and

text: law

text: enforcement

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: restrictions

text: on

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: alcohol

text: near

text: campus

text: until

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: exemption

text: from

text: state

text: and

text: municipal

text: property

text: tax

text: obligations

text: under

text: its

text: original

text: charter

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: town

text: and

text: gown

text: tension

question: Which war transformed many colleges, including Northwestern?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses?

answer: nearly 50,000

text: nearly 50,000

question: Under what Bill did enrollments surge after the war?

answer: G.I. Bill

text: G.I. Bill

question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?

answer: Program of African Studies at Northwestern

text: Program of African Studies at Northwestern

question: In 1978, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?

answer: first and second Unabomber

text: first and second Unabomber


text: The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 m in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The area includes the Thar Desert. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. in the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast, a large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River. Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin. Merta City lies in the geographical center of Rajasthan.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: The

text: Aravalli

text: Range

text: runs

text: across

text: the

text: state

text: from

text: the

text: southwest

text: peak

text: Guru

text: Shikhar

text: Mount

text: Abu

text: which

text: is

text: m

text: in

text: height

text: to

text: Khetri

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: This

text: range

text: divides

text: the

text: state

text: into

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: The

text: northwest

text: tract

text: is

text: sandy

text: and

text: unproductive

text: with

text: little

text: water

text: but

text: improves

text: gradually

text: from

text: desert

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: to

text: comparatively

text: fertile

text: and

text: habitable

text: land

text: towards

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: area

text: includes

text: the

text: Thar

text: Desert

text: The

text: south

text: eastern

text: area

text: higher

text: in

text: elevation

text: to

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: more

text: fertile

text: has

text: a

text: very

text: diversified

text: topography

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: lies

text: the

text: hilly

text: tract

text: of

text: Mewar

text: In

text: the

text: southeast

text: a

text: large

text: area

text: within

text: the

text: districts

text: of

text: Kota

text: and

text: Bundi

text: forms

text: a

text: tableland

text: To

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: these

text: districts

text: is

text: a

text: rugged

text: region

text: badlands

text: following

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Chambal

text: River

text: Farther

text: north

text: the

text: country

text: levels

text: out

text: the

text: flat

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Bharatpur

text: district

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: alluvial

text: basin

text: Merta

text: City

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: center

text: of

text: Rajasthan

question: How many meters high is Guru Shikhar?

answer: 1,722

question: What percentage of Rajasthan is to the northwest of the Aravalli range?

answer: 60%

question: What is the average elevation of the south-eastern region of Rajasthan?

answer: 100 to 350 m above sea level

text: 100 to 350 m above sea level

question: A tableland is contained within what to southeastern districts?

answer: Kota and Bundi

text: Kota and Bundi

question: What river runs along the badlands in the northeast of Rajasthan

answer: the Chambal River

text: the Chambal River


text: Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with particular fact situations as they arise. Therefore, federal agencies are authorized to promulgate regulations. Under the principle of Chevron deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Congress

text: often

text: enacts

text: statutes

text: that

text: grant

text: broad

text: rulemaking

text: authority

text: to

text: federal

text: agencies

text: Often

text: Congress

text: is

text: simply

text: too

text: gridlocked

text: to

text: draft

text: detailed

text: statutes

text: that

text: explain

text: how

text: the

text: agency

text: should

text: react

text: to

text: every

text: possible

text: situation

text: or

text: Congress

text: believes

text: the

text: agency

text: 's

text: technical

text: specialists

text: are

text: best

text: equipped

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: particular

text: fact

text: situations

text: as

text: they

text: arise

text: Therefore

text: federal

text: agencies

text: are

text: authorized

text: to

text: promulgate

text: regulations

text: Under

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: Chevron

text: deference

text: regulations

text: normally

text: carry

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: law

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: reasonable

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: relevant

text: statutes

question: What does congress often grant to give rulemaking authority to federal agencies?

answer: statutes

text: statutes

question: Federal agencies are authorized to make what public?

answer: regulations

text: regulations

question: Regulations normally carry the force of what?

answer: law

text: law

question: Regualtions carry force of law when based on reasonable interpretation of what?

answer: relevant statutes

text: relevant statutes

question: What power is granted to federal agencies by Congress?

answer: broad rulemaking authority

text: broad rulemaking authority

question: Why does Congress give generalized powers to federal agencies?

answer: too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation

text: too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation

question: What gives regulations imposed by federal agencies the right to enforce their regulations?

answer: the principle of Chevron

text: the principle of Chevron

question: What does the Principle of Chevron provide for?

answer: regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes

text: regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes


text: Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted "a shortage of top tier apps" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone).

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: surpassed

text: Windows

text: Vista

text: in

text: market

text: share

text: with

text: a

text: usage

text: rate

text: according

text: to

text: numbers

text: posted

text: in

text: July

text: by

text: Net

text: Applications

text: with

text: usage

text: on

text: a

text: steady

text: upward

text: trajectory

text: However

text: intake

text: of

text: Windows

text: still

text: lags

text: behind

text: that

text: of

text: Windows

text: Vista

text: and

text: Windows

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: release

text: cycles

text: Windows

text: 's

text: tablet

text: market

text: share

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: growing

text: steadily

text: with

text: of

text: tablets

text: running

text: Windows

text: in

text: according

text: to

text: Strategy

text: Analytics

text: up

text: from

text: nothing

text: just

text: a

text: year

text: before

text: However

text: this

text: is

text: still

text: well

text: below

text: Android

text: and

text: iOS

text: which

text: posted

text: and

text: market

text: share

text: respectively

text: although

text: both

text: operating

text: systems

text: have

text: been

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: much

text: longer

text: than

text: Windows

text: Strategy

text: Analytics

text: also

text: noted

text: a

text: shortage

text: of

text: top

text: tier

text: apps

text: for

text: Windows

text: tablets

text: despite

text: Microsoft

text: strategy

text: of

text: paying

text: developers

text: to

text: create

text: apps

text: for

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: for

text: Windows

text: Phone

question: What percent of tablets were running Windows in Q1 2013/

answer: 7.4

question: What was Androids market share in 2013?

answer: 43.4%

question: What was teh iOS market share in 2013?

answer: 48.2%

question: What does Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?

answer: top tier apps

text: top tier apps

question: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?

answer: July 2013

text: July 2013


text: Monroe's style involved playing lead melodies in the style of a fiddler, and also a percussive chording sound referred to as "the chop" for the sound made by the quickly struck and muted strings. He also perfected a sparse, percussive blues style, especially up the neck in keys that had not been used much in country music, notably B and E. He emphasized a powerful, syncopated right hand at the expense of left-hand virtuosity. Monroe's most influential follower of the second generation is Frank Wakefield and nowadays Mike Compton of the Nashville Bluegrass Band and David Long, who often tour as a duet. Tiny Moore of the Texas Playboys developed an electric five-string mandolin and helped popularize the instrument in Western Swing music.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Monroe

text: 's

text: style

text: involved

text: playing

text: lead

text: melodies

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: a

text: fiddler

text: and

text: also

text: a

text: percussive

text: chording

text: sound

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: chop

text: for

text: the

text: sound

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: quickly

text: struck

text: and

text: muted

text: strings

text: He

text: also

text: perfected

text: a

text: sparse

text: percussive

text: blues

text: style

text: especially

text: up

text: the

text: neck

text: in

text: keys

text: that

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: used

text: much

text: in

text: country

text: music

text: notably

text: B

text: and

text: E.

text: He

text: emphasized

text: a

text: powerful

text: syncopated

text: right

text: hand

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: left

text: hand

text: virtuosity

text: Monroe

text: 's

text: most

text: influential

text: follower

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: generation

text: is

text: Frank

text: Wakefield

text: and

text: nowadays

text: Mike

text: Compton

text: of

text: the

text: Nashville

text: Bluegrass

text: Band

text: and

text: David

text: Long

text: who

text: often

text: tour

text: as

text: a

text: duet

text: Tiny

text: Moore

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: Playboys

text: developed

text: an

text: electric

text: five

text: string

text: mandolin

text: and

text: helped

text: popularize

text: the

text: instrument

text: in

text: Western

text: Swing

text: music

question: What chording sound was Monroe popular for?

answer: the chop

text: the chop

question: What keys was Monroe popular for?

answer: B and E

text: B and E

question: Who was Monroe's most influential follower?

answer: Frank Wakefield

text: Frank Wakefield

question: Who developed a electric five-string mandolin?

answer: Moore of the Texas Playboys

text: Moore of the Texas Playboys

question: What type of music did the electric five-string mandolin help popularize?

answer: Western Swing music

text: Western Swing music


text: Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: Albon

text: Man

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: lawyer

text: started

text: Electro

text: Dynamic

text: Light

text: Company

text: in

text: to

text: exploit

text: his

text: patents

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: William

text: Sawyer

text: Weeks

text: later

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Electric

text: Lighting

text: Company

text: was

text: organized

text: This

text: company

text: did

text: n't

text: made

text: their

text: first

text: commercial

text: installation

text: of

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: until

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: Mercantile

text: Safe

text: Deposit

text: Company

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: about

text: six

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: Edison

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: had

text: been

text: installed

text: on

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Hiram

text: S.

text: Maxim

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: engineer

text: at

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Electric

text: Lighting

text: Company

question: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?

answer: Albon Man

text: Albon Man

question: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company?

answer: Hiram S. Maxim

text: Hiram S. Maxim

question: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?

answer: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company

text: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company

question: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?

answer: fall of 1880

text: fall of 1880

question: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company?

answer: Electro-Dynamic Light Company

text: Electro-Dynamic Light Company


text: The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna (Florence, 1581). The Italian word he used for "experiment" was esperienza. It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son (cf. Coelho, ed. Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei), arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history. Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of 'Pythagoras' hammers' (the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded "experience and demonstration" as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: The

text: decidedly

text: anti

text: Aristotelian

text: and

text: anti

text: clerical

text: music

text: theorist

text: Vincenzo

text: Galilei

text: ca

text: father

text: of

text: Galileo

text: and

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: monody

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: method

text: in

text: successfully

text: solving

text: musical

text: problems

text: firstly

text: of

text: tuning

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: relationship

text: of

text: pitch

text: to

text: string

text: tension

text: and

text: mass

text: in

text: stringed

text: instruments

text: and

text: to

text: volume

text: of

text: air

text: in

text: wind

text: instruments

text: and

text: secondly

text: to

text: composition

text: by

text: his

text: various

text: suggestions

text: to

text: composers

text: in

text: his

text: Dialogo

text: della

text: musica

text: antica

text: e

text: moderna

text: Florence

text: The

text: Italian

text: word

text: he

text: used

text: for

text: experiment

text: was

text: esperienza

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: essential

text: pedagogical

text: influence

text: upon

text: the

text: young

text: Galileo

text: his

text: eldest

text: son

text: cf

text: Coelho

text: ed

text: Music

text: and

text: Science

text: in

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Galileo

text: Galilei

text: arguably

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: empiricists

text: in

text: history

text: Vincenzo

text: through

text: his

text: tuning

text: research

text: found

text: the

text: underlying

text: truth

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: misunderstood

text: myth

text: of

text: Pythagoras

text: hammers

text: the

text: square

text: of

text: the

text: numbers

text: concerned

text: yielded

text: those

text: musical

text: intervals

text: not

text: the

text: actual

text: numbers

text: as

text: believed

text: and

text: through

text: this

text: and

text: other

text: discoveries

text: that

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: fallibility

text: of

text: traditional

text: authorities

text: a

text: radically

text: empirical

text: attitude

text: developed

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: Galileo

text: which

text: regarded

text: experience

text: and

text: demonstration

text: as

text: the

text: sine

text: qua

text: non

text: of

text: valid

text: rational

text: enquiry

question: When was Vincenzo Galilei born?

answer: ca. 1520

text: ca. 1520

question: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?

answer: 1591

question: Who was Vincenzo Galilei's oldest son?

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

question: What does 'esperienza' mean?

answer: experiment

text: experiment


text: The government has also relaxed reporting laws, but these remain highly restrictive. In September 2011, several banned websites, including YouTube, Democratic Voice of Burma and Voice of America, were unblocked. A 2011 report by the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations found that, while contact with the Myanmar government was constrained by donor restrictions, international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) see opportunities for effective advocacy with government officials, especially at the local level. At the same time, international NGOs are mindful of the ethical quandary of how to work with the government without bolstering or appeasing it.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: also

text: relaxed

text: reporting

text: laws

text: but

text: these

text: remain

text: highly

text: restrictive

text: In

text: September

text: several

text: banned

text: websites

text: including

text: YouTube

text: Democratic

text: Voice

text: of

text: Burma

text: and

text: Voice

text: of

text: America

text: were

text: unblocked

text: A

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: Hauser

text: Center

text: for

text: Nonprofit

text: Organizations

text: found

text: that

text: while

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: government

text: was

text: constrained

text: by

text: donor

text: restrictions

text: international

text: humanitarian

text: non

text: governmental

text: organisations

text: NGOs

text: see

text: opportunities

text: for

text: effective

text: advocacy

text: with

text: government

text: officials

text: especially

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: international

text: NGOs

text: are

text: mindful

text: of

text: the

text: ethical

text: quandary

text: of

text: how

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: without

text: bolstering

text: or

text: appeasing

text: it

question: Has the government of Myanmar made life any easier for it's inhabitants ?

answer: has also relaxed reporting laws, but these remain highly restrictive.

text: has also relaxed reporting laws, but these remain highly restrictive.

question: Does the government allow access to any desired  media channels for residents ?

answer: several banned websites, including YouTube, Democratic Voice of Burma and Voice of America, were unblocked.

text: several banned websites, including YouTube, Democratic Voice of Burma and Voice of America, were unblocked.

question: Are there any groups who are able to effectively operate in Burma ?

answer: international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

text: international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

question: Why are groups hesitant to work with government officials ?

answer: ethical quandary of how to work with the government without bolstering or appeasing it.

text: ethical quandary of how to work with the government without bolstering or appeasing it.


text: In Pennsylvania, there are over sixty summits that rise over 2,500 ft (800 m); the summits of Mount Davis and Blue Knob rise over 3,000 ft (900 m). In Maryland, Eagle Rock and Dans Mountain are conspicuous points reaching 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft (878 m) respectively. On the same side of the Great Valley, south of the Potomac, are the Pinnacle 3,007 feet (917 m) and Pidgeon Roost 3,400 ft (1,000 m). In West Virginia, more than 150 peaks rise above 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Spruce Knob 4,863 ft (1,482 m), the highest point in the Allegheny Mountains. A number of other points in the state rise above 4,800 ft (1,500 m). Snowshoe Mountain at Thorny Flat 4,848 ft (1,478 m) and Bald Knob 4,842 ft (1,476 m) are among the more notable peaks in West Virginia.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: In

text: Pennsylvania

text: there

text: are

text: over

text: sixty

text: summits

text: that

text: rise

text: over

text: ft

text: m

text: the

text: summits

text: of

text: Mount

text: Davis

text: and

text: Blue

text: Knob

text: rise

text: over

text: ft

text: m

text: In

text: Maryland

text: Eagle

text: Rock

text: and

text: Dans

text: Mountain

text: are

text: conspicuous

text: points

text: reaching

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: ft

text: m

text: respectively

text: On

text: the

text: same

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Valley

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Potomac

text: are

text: the

text: Pinnacle

text: feet

text: m

text: and

text: Pidgeon

text: Roost

text: ft

text: m

text: In

text: West

text: Virginia

text: more

text: than

text: peaks

text: rise

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: including

text: Spruce

text: Knob

text: ft

text: m

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: Mountains

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: rise

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: Snowshoe

text: Mountain

text: at

text: Thorny

text: Flat

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: Bald

text: Knob

text: ft

text: m

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: more

text: notable

text: peaks

text: in

text: West

text: Virginia

question: How many summits in PA are over 2,500 ft?

answer: over sixty summits

text: over sixty summits

question: How tall are the summits of Mount Davis and Blue Knob?

answer: over 3,000 ft

text: over 3,000 ft

question: How tall are Eagle Rock and Dans Mountain?

answer: 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft

text: 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft

question: How tall is the Pinnacle?

answer: 3,007 feet

text: 3,007 feet

question: How many peaks are over 4,000 feet in WV?

answer: more than 150 peaks

text: more than 150 peaks


text: One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people." As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: developments

text: that

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: era

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: discipline

text: of

text: science

text: was

text: its

text: popularization

text: An

text: increasingly

text: literate

text: population

text: seeking

text: knowledge

text: and

text: education

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: the

text: sciences

text: drove

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: print

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: dissemination

text: of

text: scientific

text: learning

text: The

text: new

text: literate

text: population

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: rise

text: in

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: food

text: This

text: enabled

text: many

text: people

text: to

text: rise

text: out

text: of

text: poverty

text: and

text: instead

text: of

text: paying

text: more

text: for

text: food

text: they

text: had

text: money

text: for

text: education

text: Popularization

text: was

text: generally

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: overarching

text: Enlightenment

text: ideal

text: that

text: endeavoured

text: to

text: make

text: information

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: greatest

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: As

text: public

text: interest

text: in

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: grew

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: public

text: lecture

text: courses

text: and

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: popular

text: texts

text: opened

text: up

text: new

text: roads

text: to

text: money

text: and

text: fame

text: for

text: amateurs

text: and

text: scientists

text: who

text: remained

text: on

text: the

text: periphery

text: of

text: universities

text: and

text: academies

text: More

text: formal

text: works

text: included

text: explanations

text: of

text: scientific

text: theories

text: for

text: individuals

text: lacking

text: the

text: educational

text: background

text: to

text: comprehend

text: the

text: original

text: scientific

text: text

text: Sir

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: 's

text: celebrated

text: Philosophiae

text: Naturalis

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: Latin

text: and

text: remained

text: inaccessible

text: to

text: readers

text: without

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: classics

text: until

text: Enlightenment

text: writers

text: began

text: to

text: translate

text: and

text: analyze

text: the

text: text

text: in

text: the

text: vernacular

question: What caused an increasingly literate population to develop in the Enlightenment era?

answer: a high rise in the availability of food

text: a high rise in the availability of food

question: Instead of paying more for food, on what did people spend their money?

answer: education

text: education

question: Which ideal endeavoured to make information available to the greatest number of people?

answer: Popularization

text: Popularization

question: Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica?

answer: Sir Isaac Newton

text: Sir Isaac Newton

question: Which work of Isaac Newton was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze it in the vernacular?

answer: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica

text: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica


text: The Oklahoma History Center is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma. Located across the street from the governor's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in northeast Oklahoma City, the museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society. It preserves the history of Oklahoma from the prehistoric to the present day.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: History

text: Center

text: is

text: the

text: history

text: museum

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: Located

text: across

text: the

text: street

text: from

text: the

text: governor

text: 's

text: mansion

text: at

text: Nazih

text: Zuhdi

text: Drive

text: in

text: northeast

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: the

text: museum

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Historical

text: Society

text: It

text: preserves

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: from

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

question: When was the Oklahoma History Center created?

answer: 2005

question: Who operates the Oklahoma History Center?

answer: Oklahoma Historical Society

text: Oklahoma Historical Society

question: Where is the Oklahoma History Center located?

answer: northeast Oklahoma City

text: northeast Oklahoma City


text: Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware. Video footage based on the predicted PlayStation 3 specifications was also shown (notably a Final Fantasy VII tech demo).

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Sony

text: officially

text: unveiled

text: PlayStation

text: then

text: marketed

text: as

text: PLAYSTATION

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: on

text: May

text: at

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: boomerang

text: shaped

text: prototype

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Sixaxis

text: controller

text: A

text: functional

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: was

text: not

text: present

text: there

text: nor

text: at

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: Game

text: Show

text: in

text: September

text: although

text: demonstrations

text: such

text: as

text: Metal

text: Gear

text: Solid

text: Guns

text: of

text: the

text: Patriots

text: were

text: held

text: at

text: both

text: events

text: on

text: software

text: development

text: kits

text: and

text: comparable

text: personal

text: computer

text: hardware

text: Video

text: footage

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: predicted

text: PlayStation

text: specifications

text: was

text: also

text: shown

text: notably

text: a

text: Final

text: Fantasy

text: VII

text: tech

text: demo

question: What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in?

answer: boomerang

text: boomerang

question: What event did Sony choose for the PS3 unveiling?

answer: E3 2005

text: E3 2005

question: What popular game was demoed in a video at the game shows?

answer: Final Fantasy VII

text: Final Fantasy VII

question: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3?

answer: Tokyo Game Show

text: Tokyo Game Show

question: What was one game Sony debuted on a modified PC so gamers could get a look?

answer: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots

text: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots


text: The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle. The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally conflated. A female dragon named Delphyne (δελφύς, "womb"), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon (τύφειν, "to smoke"), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python. Python was the good daemon (ἀγαθὸς δαίμων) of the temple as it appears in Minoan religion, but she was represented as a dragon, as often happens in Northern European folklore as well as in the East.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: The

text: earth

text: deity

text: had

text: power

text: over

text: the

text: ghostly

text: world

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: the

text: deity

text: behind

text: the

text: oracle

text: The

text: older

text: tales

text: mentioned

text: two

text: dragons

text: who

text: were

text: perhaps

text: intentionally

text: conflated

text: A

text: female

text: dragon

text: named

text: Delphyne

text: δελφύς

text: womb

text: who

text: is

text: obviously

text: connected

text: with

text: Delphi

text: and

text: Apollo

text: Delphinios

text: and

text: a

text: male

text: serpent

text: Typhon

text: τύφειν

text: to

text: smoke

text: the

text: adversary

text: of

text: Zeus

text: in

text: the

text: Titanomachy

text: who

text: the

text: narrators

text: confused

text: with

text: Python

text: Python

text: was

text: the

text: good

text: daemon

text: ἀγαθὸς

text: δαίμων

text: of

text: the

text: temple

text: as

text: it

text: appears

text: in

text: Minoan

text: religion

text: but

text: she

text: was

text: represented

text: as

text: a

text: dragon

text: as

text: often

text: happens

text: in

text: Northern

text: European

text: folklore

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: East

question: Who was the adversary of Zeus in the titanomachy?

answer: Typhon

text: Typhon

question: Who did the narrator confuse with Phyton?

answer: Typhon

text: Typhon

question: Who was represented as a dragon?

answer: Python

text: Python


text: Annelids with blood vessels use metanephridia to remove soluble waste products, while those without use protonephridia. Both of these systems use a two-stage filtration process, in which fluid and waste products are first extracted and these are filtered again to re-absorb any re-usable materials while dumping toxic and spent materials as urine. The difference is that protonephridia combine both filtration stages in the same organ, while metanephridia perform only the second filtration and rely on other mechanisms for the first – in annelids special filter cells in the walls of the blood vessels let fluids and other small molecules pass into the coelomic fluid, where it circulates to the metanephridia. In annelids the points at which fluid enters the protonephridia or metanephridia are on the forward side of a septum while the second-stage filter and the nephridiopore (exit opening in the body wall) are in the following segment. As a result, the hindmost segment (before the growth zone and pygidium) has no structure that extracts its wastes, as there is no following segment to filter and discharge them, while the first segment contains an extraction structure that passes wastes to the second, but does not contain the structures that re-filter and discharge urine.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Annelids

text: with

text: blood

text: vessels

text: use

text: metanephridia

text: to

text: remove

text: soluble

text: waste

text: products

text: while

text: those

text: without

text: use

text: protonephridia

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: systems

text: use

text: a

text: two

text: stage

text: filtration

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: fluid

text: and

text: waste

text: products

text: are

text: first

text: extracted

text: and

text: these

text: are

text: filtered

text: again

text: to

text: re

text: absorb

text: any

text: re

text: usable

text: materials

text: while

text: dumping

text: toxic

text: and

text: spent

text: materials

text: as

text: urine

text: The

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: protonephridia

text: combine

text: both

text: filtration

text: stages

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: organ

text: while

text: metanephridia

text: perform

text: only

text: the

text: second

text: filtration

text: and

text: rely

text: on

text: other

text: mechanisms

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: annelids

text: special

text: filter

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: the

text: blood

text: vessels

text: let

text: fluids

text: and

text: other

text: small

text: molecules

text: pass

text: into

text: the

text: coelomic

text: fluid

text: where

text: it

text: circulates

text: to

text: the

text: metanephridia

text: In

text: annelids

text: the

text: points

text: at

text: which

text: fluid

text: enters

text: the

text: protonephridia

text: or

text: metanephridia

text: are

text: on

text: the

text: forward

text: side

text: of

text: a

text: septum

text: while

text: the

text: second

text: stage

text: filter

text: and

text: the

text: nephridiopore

text: exit

text: opening

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: wall

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: segment

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: hindmost

text: segment

text: before

text: the

text: growth

text: zone

text: and

text: pygidium

text: has

text: no

text: structure

text: that

text: extracts

text: its

text: wastes

text: as

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: following

text: segment

text: to

text: filter

text: and

text: discharge

text: them

text: while

text: the

text: first

text: segment

text: contains

text: an

text: extraction

text: structure

text: that

text: passes

text: wastes

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: contain

text: the

text: structures

text: that

text: re

text: filter

text: and

text: discharge

text: urine

question: What do metanephridia remove?

answer: soluble waste products

text: soluble waste products

question: What do annelids without blood vessels do to remove waste?

answer: protonephridia

text: protonephridia

question: How many stages are there in annelids' waste filtration?

answer: two

text: two

question: What annelid system combines both filtration states in one organ?

answer: protonephridia

text: protonephridia


text: In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics. By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members; according to Khaled Mohieddin, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser". Nasser felt that the Free Officers were not ready to move against the government and, for nearly two years, he did little beyond officer recruitment and underground news bulletins.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: elections

text: the

text: Wafd

text: Party

text: of

text: el

text: Nahhas

text: gained

text: a

text: victory

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: which

text: boycotted

text: the

text: elections

text: and

text: was

text: perceived

text: as

text: a

text: threat

text: by

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: as

text: the

text: Wafd

text: had

text: campaigned

text: on

text: demands

text: similar

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: Accusations

text: of

text: corruption

text: against

text: Wafd

text: politicians

text: began

text: to

text: surface

text: however

text: breeding

text: an

text: atmosphere

text: of

text: rumor

text: and

text: suspicion

text: that

text: consequently

text: brought

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: to

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: politics

text: By

text: then

text: the

text: organization

text: had

text: expanded

text: to

text: around

text: ninety

text: members

text: according

text: to

text: Khaled

text: Mohieddin

text: nobody

text: knew

text: all

text: of

text: them

text: and

text: where

text: they

text: belonged

text: in

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: except

text: Nasser

text: Nasser

text: felt

text: that

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: were

text: not

text: ready

text: to

text: move

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: for

text: nearly

text: two

text: years

text: he

text: did

text: little

text: beyond

text: officer

text: recruitment

text: and

text: underground

text: news

text: bulletins

question: What group boycotted the 1950 elections?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood

question: What party advanced in the 1950 elections?

answer: Wafd

text: Wafd

question: What were Wafd members accused of?

answer: corruption

text: corruption

question: What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?

answer: Free Officers

text: Free Officers

question: How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?

answer: nearly two years

text: nearly two years


text: Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time. An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Upper

text: Palaeolithic

text: deposits

text: including

text: bones

text: of

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: local

text: caves

text: and

text: artefacts

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Iron

text: Age

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: at

text: Mount

text: Batten

text: showing

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: trading

text: ports

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: An

text: unidentified

text: settlement

text: named

text: TAMARI

text: OSTIA

text: mouth

text: estuaries

text: of

text: the

text: Tamar

text: is

text: listed

text: in

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: Geographia

text: and

text: is

text: presumed

text: to

text: be

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: city

question: What is the name of the location cited by Ptolemy that is believed to have been located near modern Plymouth?

answer: TAMARI OSTIA

text: TAMARI OSTIA

question: Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found?

answer: Mount Batten

text: Mount Batten

question: What does 'TAMARI OSTIA' mean?

answer: mouth/estuaries of the Tamar

text: mouth/estuaries of the Tamar


text: The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: Xeer

text: legal

text: system

text: also

text: requires

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: specialization

text: of

text: different

text: functions

text: within

text: the

text: legal

text: framework

text: Thus

text: one

text: can

text: find

text: odayal

text: judges

text: xeer

text: boggeyaal

text: jurists

text: guurtiyaal

text: detectives

text: garxajiyaal

text: attorneys

text: murkhaatiyal

text: witnesses

text: and

text: waranle

text: police

text: officers

text: to

text: enforce

text: the

text: law

question: In the Xeer system, what are judges called?

answer: odayal

text: odayal

question: What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?

answer: jurists

text: jurists

question: What does the Xeer system call attorneys?

answer: garxajiyaal

text: garxajiyaal

question: By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system?

answer: murkhaatiyal

text: murkhaatiyal

question: What does the Xeer system call cops?

answer: waranle

text: waranle


text: The band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the band's chemistry. It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and began to rehearse for their first album. They recorded four of their own songs, "Liar", "Keep Yourself Alive", "The Night Comes Down" and "Jesus", for a demo tape; no record companies were interested. It was also around this time Freddie changed his surname to "Mercury", inspired by the line "Mother Mercury, look what they've done to me" in the song "My Fairy King". On 2 July 1971, Queen played their first show in the classic line-up of Mercury, May, Taylor and Deacon at a Surrey college outside London.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: band

text: had

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: bass

text: players

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: fit

text: with

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: chemistry

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: February

text: that

text: they

text: settled

text: on

text: John

text: Deacon

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: rehearse

text: for

text: their

text: first

text: album

text: They

text: recorded

text: four

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: songs

text: Liar

text: Keep

text: Yourself

text: Alive

text: The

text: Night

text: Comes

text: Down

text: and

text: Jesus

text: for

text: a

text: demo

text: tape

text: no

text: record

text: companies

text: were

text: interested

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: around

text: this

text: time

text: Freddie

text: changed

text: his

text: surname

text: to

text: Mercury

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: line

text: Mother

text: Mercury

text: look

text: what

text: they

text: 've

text: done

text: to

text: me

text: in

text: the

text: song

text: My

text: Fairy

text: King

text: On

text: July

text: Queen

text: played

text: their

text: first

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: classic

text: line

text: up

text: of

text: Mercury

text: May

text: Taylor

text: and

text: Deacon

text: at

text: a

text: Surrey

text: college

text: outside

text: London

question: John Deacon played what instrument?

answer: bass

text: bass

question: In what year did John Deacon join Queen?

answer: 1971

question: What did Freddie from Queen change his last name to?

answer: Mercury

text: Mercury

question: What song inspired Freddie from Queen's surname?

answer: My Fairy King

text: My Fairy King

question: On what date did Queen play their first show?

answer: 2 July 1971

text: 2 July 1971


text: During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: During

text: the

text: Wisconsinan

text: glaciation

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: region

text: was

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: ice

text: sheet

text: over

text: feet

text: in

text: depth

text: The

text: ice

text: sheet

text: scraped

text: away

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: soil

text: leaving

text: the

text: bedrock

text: that

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: geologic

text: foundation

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: today

text: Later

text: on

text: the

text: ice

text: sheet

text: would

text: help

text: split

text: apart

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: Long

text: Island

text: and

text: Staten

text: Island

question: What island was once a part of Long Island?

answer: Staten Island

text: Staten Island

question: During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep?

answer: the Wisconsinan glaciation

text: the Wisconsinan glaciation

question: Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon?

answer: ice sheet

text: ice sheet


text: Life with My Sister Madonna, a book by Madonna's brother Christopher, debuted at number two on The New York Times bestseller list. The book caused some friction between Madonna and her brother, because of the unsolicited publication. Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation. Ultimately, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences, which was finalized in December 2008. She decided to adopt from Malawi. The country's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo "Mercy" James; however, the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of the country. Madonna appealed, and on June 12, 2009, the Supreme Court of Malawi granted Madonna the right to adopt Mercy James. She also released Celebration, her third greatest-hits album and final release with Warner. It contained the new songs "Celebration" and "Revolver" along with 34 hits spanning her career. Celebration reached number one in the UK, tying her with Elvis Presley as the solo act with most number one albums in the British chart history. She appeared at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards on September 13, 2009, to speak in tribute to deceased pop star Michael Jackson.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Life

text: with

text: My

text: Sister

text: Madonna

text: a

text: book

text: by

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: brother

text: Christopher

text: debuted

text: at

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: bestseller

text: list

text: The

text: book

text: caused

text: some

text: friction

text: between

text: Madonna

text: and

text: her

text: brother

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: unsolicited

text: publication

text: Problems

text: also

text: arose

text: between

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Ritchie

text: with

text: the

text: media

text: reporting

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: on

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: separation

text: Ultimately

text: Madonna

text: filed

text: for

text: divorce

text: from

text: Ritchie

text: citing

text: irreconcilable

text: differences

text: which

text: was

text: finalized

text: in

text: December

text: She

text: decided

text: to

text: adopt

text: from

text: Malawi

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: High

text: Court

text: initially

text: approved

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: Chifundo

text: Mercy

text: James

text: however

text: the

text: application

text: was

text: rejected

text: because

text: Madonna

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: resident

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Madonna

text: appealed

text: and

text: on

text: June

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Malawi

text: granted

text: Madonna

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: adopt

text: Mercy

text: James

text: She

text: also

text: released

text: Celebration

text: her

text: third

text: greatest

text: hits

text: album

text: and

text: final

text: release

text: with

text: Warner

text: It

text: contained

text: the

text: new

text: songs

text: Celebration

text: and

text: Revolver

text: along

text: with

text: hits

text: spanning

text: her

text: career

text: Celebration

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: tying

text: her

text: with

text: Elvis

text: Presley

text: as

text: the

text: solo

text: act

text: with

text: most

text: number

text: one

text: albums

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: chart

text: history

text: She

text: appeared

text: at

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: on

text: September

text: to

text: speak

text: in

text: tribute

text: to

text: deceased

text: pop

text: star

text: Michael

text: Jackson

question: What is the title of the book by Madonna's brother?

answer: Life with My Sister Madonna

text: Life with My Sister Madonna

question: The book debuted at number two on which best seller's list?

answer: The New York Times

text: The New York Times

question: When was the divorce finalized between Madonna and Ritchie?

answer: December 2008

text: December 2008

question: When did the High Court of Malawi gave the right for Madonna to adopt her second son?

answer: June 12, 2009

text: June 12, 2009

question: When did Madonna appear in MTV for the tribute to Michael Jackson?

answer: September 13, 2009

text: September 13, 2009


text: There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.

title: London

title: London

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: annual

text: events

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: relatively

text: new

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Day

text: Parade

text: fireworks

text: display

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: Eye

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: street

text: party

text: the

text: Notting

text: Hill

text: Carnival

text: is

text: held

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: August

text: Bank

text: Holiday

text: each

text: year

text: Traditional

text: parades

text: include

text: November

text: 's

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: Show

text: a

text: centuries

text: old

text: event

text: celebrating

text: the

text: annual

text: appointment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: with

text: a

text: procession

text: along

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: June

text: 's

text: Trooping

text: the

text: Colour

text: a

text: formal

text: military

text: pageant

text: performed

text: by

text: regiments

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: British

text: armies

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Official

text: Birthday

question: The Lord Mayor's Show occurs annually in what month?

answer: November

text: November

question: What does the Lord Mayor's Show parade commemorate and celebrate?

answer: the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor

text: the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor

question: Who participates in the military pageantry in the Trooping the Colour event every June?

answer: regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies

text: regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies

question: Fireworks are discharged on New Year's Eve from what contemporary London landmark?

answer: the London Eye

text: the London Eye

question: Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event?

answer: the Queen's Official Birthday

text: the Queen's Official Birthday


text: This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostly due to the poor picture quality and the lack of efficient video compression techniques. The greater 1 MHz bandwidth and 6 Mbit/s bit rate of the Picturephone in the 1970s also did not achieve commercial success, mostly due to its high cost, but also due to a lack of network effect —with only a few hundred Picturephones in the world, users had extremely few contacts they could actually call to, and interoperability with other videophone systems would not exist for decades.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: This

text: technique

text: was

text: very

text: expensive

text: though

text: and

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: telemedicine

text: distance

text: education

text: and

text: business

text: meetings

text: Attempts

text: at

text: using

text: normal

text: telephony

text: networks

text: to

text: transmit

text: slow

text: scan

text: video

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: systems

text: developed

text: by

text: AT&T

text: Corporation

text: first

text: researched

text: in

text: the

text: failed

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: poor

text: picture

text: quality

text: and

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: efficient

text: video

text: compression

text: techniques

text: The

text: greater

text: MHz

text: bandwidth

text: and

text: Mbit

text: s

text: bit

text: rate

text: of

text: the

text: Picturephone

text: in

text: the

text: also

text: did

text: not

text: achieve

text: commercial

text: success

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: high

text: cost

text: but

text: also

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: network

text: effect

text: —with

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: Picturephones

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: users

text: had

text: extremely

text: few

text: contacts

text: they

text: could

text: actually

text: call

text: to

text: and

text: interoperability

text: with

text: other

text: videophone

text: systems

text: would

text: not

text: exist

text: for

text: decades

question: What is one area where teleconferencing could not be used?

answer: telemedicine

text: telemedicine

question: Who developed the first systems to transmit slow-scan video?

answer: AT&T Corporation

text: AT&T Corporation

question: When was the first slow-scan video systems researched?

answer: the 1950s

text: the 1950s

question: What was the bit rate of AT&T's Picturephone?

answer: 6 Mbit/s

text: 6 Mbit/s

question: What was the bandwidth of AT&T's Picturephone?

answer: 1 MHz

text: 1 MHz


text: Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city. Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a "musette") and often the vielle à roue (hurdy-gurdy) in the cafés and bars of the city. Parisian and Italian musicians who played the accordion adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars especially in the 19th arrondissement, and the romantic sounds of the accordion has since become one of the musical icons of the city. Paris became a major centre for jazz and still attracts jazz musicians from all around the world to its clubs and cafés.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Bal

text: musette

text: is

text: a

text: style

text: of

text: French

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: that

text: first

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: by

text: Paris

text: had

text: some

text: dance

text: halls

text: in

text: the

text: working

text: class

text: neighbourhoods

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Patrons

text: danced

text: the

text: bourrée

text: to

text: the

text: accompaniment

text: of

text: the

text: cabrette

text: a

text: bellows

text: blown

text: bagpipe

text: locally

text: called

text: a

text: musette

text: and

text: often

text: the

text: vielle

text: à

text: roue

text: hurdy

text: gurdy

text: in

text: the

text: cafés

text: and

text: bars

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Parisian

text: and

text: Italian

text: musicians

text: who

text: played

text: the

text: accordion

text: adopted

text: the

text: style

text: and

text: established

text: themselves

text: in

text: Auvergnat

text: bars

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: and

text: the

text: romantic

text: sounds

text: of

text: the

text: accordion

text: has

text: since

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: musical

text: icons

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Paris

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: centre

text: for

text: jazz

text: and

text: still

text: attracts

text: jazz

text: musicians

text: from

text: all

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: its

text: clubs

text: and

text: cafés

question: What style of french music became populars in the 1870sto 1880s?

answer: Bal-musette

text: Bal-musette

question: in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris?

answer: 150

question: What is a cabrette known as locally?

answer: musette

text: musette

question: What type of bars were accordions often played in?

answer: Auvergnat

text: Auvergnat


text: As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Within developed countries it is more common in those who are economically disadvantaged while in contrast in developing countries it is more common in the affluent. The reason for these differences is not well known. Low and middle income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: As

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: worldwide

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: asthma

text: and

text: approximately

text: people

text: die

text: per

text: year

text: from

text: the

text: disease

text: Rates

text: vary

text: between

text: countries

text: with

text: prevalences

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: developed

text: than

text: developing

text: countries

text: One

text: thus

text: sees

text: lower

text: rates

text: in

text: Asia

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Africa

text: Within

text: developed

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: economically

text: disadvantaged

text: while

text: in

text: contrast

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: affluent

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: these

text: differences

text: is

text: not

text: well

text: known

text: Low

text: and

text: middle

text: income

text: countries

text: make

text: up

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: mortality

question: By 2011, how many people were affected by asthma?

answer: 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma

text: 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma

question: How many people die per year from asthma?

answer: 250,000–345,000 people

text: 250,000–345,000 people

question: What countries is asthma more commonly seen?

answer: It is more common in developed than developing countries

text: It is more common in developed than developing countries

question: Why are different countries effected differently?

answer: The reason for these differences is not well known

text: The reason for these differences is not well known


text: The most innovative period of Cubism was before 1914. After World War I, with the support given by the dealer Léonce Rosenberg, Cubism returned as a central issue for artists, and continued as such until the mid-1920s when its avant-garde status was rendered questionable by the emergence of geometric abstraction and Surrealism in Paris. Many Cubists, including Picasso, Braque, Gris, Léger, Gleizes, and Metzinger, while developing other styles, returned periodically to Cubism, even well after 1925. Cubism reemerged during the 1920s and the 1930s in the work of the American Stuart Davis and the Englishman Ben Nicholson. In France, however, Cubism experienced a decline beginning in about 1925. Léonce Rosenberg exhibited not only the artists stranded by Kahnweiler’s exile but others including Laurens, Lipchitz, Metzinger, Gleizes, Csaky, Herbin and Severini. In 1918 Rosenberg presented a series of Cubist exhibitions at his Galerie de l’Effort Moderne in Paris. Attempts were made by Louis Vauxcelles to claim that Cubism was dead, but these exhibitions, along with a well-organized Cubist show at the 1920 Salon des Indépendants and a revival of the Salon de la Section d’Or in the same year, demonstrated it was still alive.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: most

text: innovative

text: period

text: of

text: Cubism

text: was

text: before

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: dealer

text: Léonce

text: Rosenberg

text: Cubism

text: returned

text: as

text: a

text: central

text: issue

text: for

text: artists

text: and

text: continued

text: as

text: such

text: until

text: the

text: when

text: its

text: avant

text: garde

text: status

text: was

text: rendered

text: questionable

text: by

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: geometric

text: abstraction

text: and

text: Surrealism

text: in

text: Paris

text: Many

text: Cubists

text: including

text: Picasso

text: Braque

text: Gris

text: Léger

text: Gleizes

text: and

text: Metzinger

text: while

text: developing

text: other

text: styles

text: returned

text: periodically

text: to

text: Cubism

text: even

text: well

text: after

text: Cubism

text: reemerged

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Stuart

text: Davis

text: and

text: the

text: Englishman

text: Ben

text: Nicholson

text: In

text: France

text: however

text: Cubism

text: experienced

text: a

text: decline

text: beginning

text: in

text: about

text: Léonce

text: Rosenberg

text: exhibited

text: not

text: only

text: the

text: artists

text: stranded

text: by

text: Kahnweiler

text: ’s

text: exile

text: but

text: others

text: including

text: Laurens

text: Lipchitz

text: Metzinger

text: Gleizes

text: Csaky

text: Herbin

text: and

text: Severini

text: In

text: Rosenberg

text: presented

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: Cubist

text: exhibitions

text: at

text: his

text: Galerie

text: de

text: l’Effort

text: Moderne

text: in

text: Paris

text: Attempts

text: were

text: made

text: by

text: Louis

text: Vauxcelles

text: to

text: claim

text: that

text: Cubism

text: was

text: dead

text: but

text: these

text: exhibitions

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: well

text: organized

text: Cubist

text: show

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: and

text: a

text: revival

text: of

text: the

text: Salon

text: de

text: la

text: Section

text: d’Or

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: demonstrated

text: it

text: was

text: still

text: alive

question: Before what year was Cubism considered the most innovative?

answer: 1914

question: With the assistance of what dealer did Cubism return as  a central consideration for artists after World War I?

answer: Léonce Rosenberg

text: Léonce Rosenberg

question: In what year did Rosenberg exhibit Cubist works at  Galerie de l’Effort Moderne?

answer: 1918

question: In which city did Galerie de l’Effort Moderne take place?

answer: Paris

text: Paris


text: Genetics compression algorithms are the latest generation of lossless algorithms that compress data (typically sequences of nucleotides) using both conventional compression algorithms and genetic algorithms adapted to the specific datatype. In 2012, a team of scientists from Johns Hopkins University published a genetic compression algorithm that does not use a reference genome for compression. HAPZIPPER was tailored for HapMap data and achieves over 20-fold compression (95% reduction in file size), providing 2- to 4-fold better compression and in much faster time than the leading general-purpose compression utilities. For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset. Other algorithms in 2009 and 2013 (DNAZip and GenomeZip) have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold—allowing 6 billion basepair diploid human genomes to be stored in 2.5 megabytes (relative to a reference genome or averaged over many genomes).

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Genetics

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: are

text: the

text: latest

text: generation

text: of

text: lossless

text: algorithms

text: that

text: compress

text: data

text: typically

text: sequences

text: of

text: nucleotides

text: using

text: both

text: conventional

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: and

text: genetic

text: algorithms

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: specific

text: datatype

text: In

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: scientists

text: from

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: University

text: published

text: a

text: genetic

text: compression

text: algorithm

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: use

text: a

text: reference

text: genome

text: for

text: compression

text: HAPZIPPER

text: was

text: tailored

text: for

text: HapMap

text: data

text: and

text: achieves

text: over

text: compression

text: reduction

text: in

text: file

text: size

text: providing

text: to

text: better

text: compression

text: and

text: in

text: much

text: faster

text: time

text: than

text: the

text: leading

text: general

text: purpose

text: compression

text: utilities

text: For

text: this

text: Chanda

text: Elhaik

text: and

text: Bader

text: introduced

text: MAF

text: based

text: encoding

text: MAFE

text: which

text: reduces

text: the

text: heterogeneity

text: of

text: the

text: dataset

text: by

text: sorting

text: SNPs

text: by

text: their

text: minor

text: allele

text: frequency

text: thus

text: homogenizing

text: the

text: dataset

text: Other

text: algorithms

text: in

text: and

text: DNAZip

text: and

text: GenomeZip

text: have

text: compression

text: ratios

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: allowing

text: billion

text: basepair

text: diploid

text: human

text: genomes

text: to

text: be

text: stored

text: in

text: megabytes

text: relative

text: to

text: a

text: reference

text: genome

text: or

text: averaged

text: over

text: many

text: genomes

question: What are the latest generation of lossless algorithms?

answer: Genetics

text: Genetics

question: What encoding reduces the heterogeneity of a dataset by sorting SNPs?

answer: MAFE

text: MAFE

question: What two algorithms have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold?

answer: DNAZip and GenomeZip

text: DNAZip and GenomeZip


text: According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United State by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background. Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 60% in Medicine, and 58.6% in Physics awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972.

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: According

text: to

text: Scientific

text: Elite

text: Nobel

text: Laureates

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: State

text: by

text: Harriet

text: Zuckerman

text: a

text: review

text: of

text: American

text: Nobel

text: prizes

text: awarded

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: American

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: laureates

text: identified

text: a

text: Protestant

text: background

text: Overall

text: Protestants

text: have

text: won

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prizes

text: in

text: Chemistry

text: in

text: Medicine

text: and

text: in

text: Physics

text: awarded

text: to

text: Americans

text: between

text: and

question: What denomination of Christianity had the highest percentage of Nobel Prize winners between 1901 and 1972 in America?

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant