text: This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of Aristotle. Buridan developed the theory of impetus as the cause of the motion of projectiles, which was an important step towards the modern concept of inertia. The works of these scholars anticipated the heliocentric worldview of Nicolaus Copernicus.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: This

text: new

text: approach

text: liberated

text: scientific

text: speculation

text: from

text: the

text: dogmatic

text: restraints

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: science

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: new

text: approaches

text: Particularly

text: within

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: theories

text: of

text: motion

text: great

text: advances

text: were

text: made

text: when

text: such

text: scholars

text: as

text: Jean

text: Buridan

text: Nicole

text: Oresme

text: and

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Calculators

text: challenged

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: Buridan

text: developed

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: impetus

text: as

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: projectiles

text: which

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: step

text: towards

text: the

text: modern

text: concept

text: of

text: inertia

text: The

text: works

text: of

text: these

text: scholars

text: anticipated

text: the

text: heliocentric

text: worldview

text: of

text: Nicolaus

text: Copernicus

question: What did Jean Buridan create to explain the motion of projectiles?

answer: the theory of impetus

text: the theory of impetus

question: What school of scientific thought was challenged by Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme?

answer: Aristotelian

text: Aristotelian

question: What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview?

answer: Nicolaus Copernicus

text: Nicolaus Copernicus

question: Which scholars made great advances in the theories of motion?

answer: Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators

text: Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators

question: Buridan's theory of impetus led to what modern concept?

answer: inertia

text: inertia


text: Beyond this, BYU also runs a very large study abroad program, with satellite centers in London, Jerusalem, and Paris, as well as more than 20 other sites. Nearly 2,000 students take advantage of these programs yearly. In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities. The BYU Jerusalem Center, which was closed in 2000 due to student security concerns related to the Second Intifada and, more recently, the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, was reopened to students in the Winter 2007 semester.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: Beyond

text: this

text: BYU

text: also

text: runs

text: a

text: very

text: large

text: study

text: abroad

text: program

text: with

text: satellite

text: centers

text: in

text: London

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: Paris

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: more

text: than

text: other

text: sites

text: Nearly

text: students

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: these

text: programs

text: yearly

text: In

text: the

text: Institute

text: of

text: International

text: Education

text: ranked

text: BYU

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: offer

text: students

text: study

text: abroad

text: opportunities

text: The

text: BYU

text: Jerusalem

text: Center

text: which

text: was

text: closed

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: student

text: security

text: concerns

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Second

text: Intifada

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: the

text: Israel

text: Lebanon

text: conflict

text: was

text: reopened

text: to

text: students

text: in

text: the

text: Winter

text: semester

question: How manys students take advantage of BYU's study abroad programs?

answer: Nearly 2,000

text: Nearly 2,000

question: How did the Institute of International Education rank BYU in 2009 compared with U.S. universities that offer study abroad opportunities?

answer: number one

text: number one

question: Which foreign BYU campus was closed in 2000 due to security concerns?

answer: BYU Jerusalem Center

text: BYU Jerusalem Center

question: When was the BYU Jerusalem Center reopened for students following it's closure in 2000?

answer: Winter 2007 semester

text: Winter 2007 semester

question: What was the most recent conflict that affected the closure of BYU Jerusalem Center from 2000-2007?

answer: 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

text: 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict


text: Kerry said that he had intended the remark as a jab at President Bush, and described the remarks as a "botched joke", having inadvertently left out the key word "us" (which would have been, "If you don't, you get us stuck in Iraq"), as well as leaving the phrase "just ask President Bush" off of the end of the sentence. In Kerry's prepared remarks, which he released during the ensuing media frenzy, the corresponding line was "... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq. Just ask President Bush." He also said that from the context of the speech which, prior to the "stuck in Iraq" line, made several specific references to Bush and elements of his biography, that Kerry was referring to President Bush and not American troops in general.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: said

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: intended

text: the

text: remark

text: as

text: a

text: jab

text: at

text: President

text: Bush

text: and

text: described

text: the

text: remarks

text: as

text: a

text: botched

text: joke

text: having

text: inadvertently

text: left

text: out

text: the

text: key

text: word

text: us

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: If

text: you

text: do

text: n't

text: you

text: get

text: us

text: stuck

text: in

text: Iraq

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: leaving

text: the

text: phrase

text: just

text: ask

text: President

text: Bush

text: off

text: of

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: sentence

text: In

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: prepared

text: remarks

text: which

text: he

text: released

text: during

text: the

text: ensuing

text: media

text: frenzy

text: the

text: corresponding

text: line

text: was

text: you

text: end

text: up

text: getting

text: us

text: stuck

text: in

text: a

text: war

text: in

text: Iraq

text: Just

text: ask

text: President

text: Bush

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: that

text: from

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: speech

text: which

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: stuck

text: in

text: Iraq

text: line

text: made

text: several

text: specific

text: references

text: to

text: Bush

text: and

text: elements

text: of

text: his

text: biography

text: that

text: Kerry

text: was

text: referring

text: to

text: President

text: Bush

text: and

text: not

text: American

text: troops

text: in

text: general

question: What was Kerry supposed to say when he 'botched a joke'?

answer: "... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq. Just ask President Bush."

text: "... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq. Just ask President Bush."

question: Who was Kerry saying was stuck in Iraq?

answer: President Bush and not American troops in general

text: President Bush and not American troops in general

question: What mistake did Kerry make in the joke?

answer: inadvertently left out the key word "us"

text: inadvertently left out the key word "us"


text: The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa's bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: The

text: rebels

text: soon

text: split

text: into

text: various

text: factions

text: fighting

text: one

text: another

text: The

text: Economic

text: Community

text: Monitoring

text: Group

text: under

text: the

text: Economic

text: Community

text: of

text: West

text: African

text: States

text: organized

text: a

text: military

text: task

text: force

text: to

text: intervene

text: in

text: the

text: crisis

text: From

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: bloodiest

text: civil

text: wars

text: ensued

text: claiming

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: Liberians

text: and

text: displacing

text: a

text: million

text: others

text: into

text: refugee

text: camps

text: in

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: A

text: peace

text: deal

text: between

text: warring

text: parties

text: was

text: reached

text: in

text: leading

text: to

text: Taylor

text: 's

text: election

text: as

text: president

text: in

question: What eventually happened to the rebels?

answer: split into various factions fighting one another.

text: split into various factions fighting one another.

question: Who intervened in the rebel crisis?

answer: The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States

text: The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States

question: What did the economic community monitoring group do to intervene in the crisis?

answer: organized a military task force

text: organized a military task force

question: During what period did the African civil war last?

answer: 1989 to 1996

text: 1989 to 1996

question: How many liberians died in the civil war?

answer: 200,000


text: The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required and by default assumes the role of host. The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is called the B-device and by default assumes the role of peripheral. An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults to acting as a B-device. If an application on the B-device requires the role of host, then the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) is used to temporarily transfer the host role to the B-device.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: OTG

text: device

text: with

text: the

text: A

text: plug

text: inserted

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: A

text: device

text: and

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: powering

text: the

text: USB

text: interface

text: when

text: required

text: and

text: by

text: default

text: assumes

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: host

text: The

text: OTG

text: device

text: with

text: the

text: B

text: plug

text: inserted

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: B

text: device

text: and

text: by

text: default

text: assumes

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: peripheral

text: An

text: OTG

text: device

text: with

text: no

text: plug

text: inserted

text: defaults

text: to

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: B

text: device

text: If

text: an

text: application

text: on

text: the

text: B

text: device

text: requires

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: host

text: then

text: the

text: Host

text: Negotiation

text: Protocol

text: HNP

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: temporarily

text: transfer

text: the

text: host

text: role

text: to

text: the

text: B

text: device

question: The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is called what?

answer: B-device

text: B-device

question: What does an OTG device default to with no plug inserted?

answer: to acting as a B-device

text: to acting as a B-device

question: What is the A-device responsible for?

answer: powering the USB interface when required

text: powering the USB interface when required


text: In the early 20th century several mandolin orchestras (Estudiantinas) were active in Belgium. Today only a few groups remain: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen). Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belgium. She is also mandolin teacher and gives lessons in the music academies of Lier, Wijnegem and Brasschaat. She is now also professor mandolin at the music high school “Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen”. She also gives various concerts each year in different ensembles. She is in close contact to the Brasschaat mandolin Orchestra. Her site is www.gevoeligesnaar.be

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: several

text: mandolin

text: orchestras

text: Estudiantinas

text: were

text: active

text: in

text: Belgium

text: Today

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: groups

text: remain

text: Royal

text: Estudiantina

text: la

text: Napolitaine

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Antwerp

text: Brasschaats

text: mandoline

text: orkest

text: in

text: Brasschaat

text: and

text: an

text: orchestra

text: in

text: Mons

text: Bergen

text: Gerda

text: Abts

text: is

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: mandolin

text: virtuoso

text: in

text: Belgium

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: mandolin

text: teacher

text: and

text: gives

text: lessons

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: academies

text: of

text: Lier

text: Wijnegem

text: and

text: Brasschaat

text: She

text: is

text: now

text: also

text: professor

text: mandolin

text: at

text: the

text: music

text: high

text: school

text: Koninklijk

text: Conservatorium

text: Artesis

text: Hogeschool

text: Antwerpen

text: She

text: also

text: gives

text: various

text: concerts

text: each

text: year

text: in

text: different

text: ensembles

text: She

text: is

text: in

text: close

text: contact

text: to

text: the

text: Brasschaat

text: mandolin

text: Orchestra

text: Her

text: site

text: is

question: What is an Etsudiantinas?

answer: mandolin orchestras

text: mandolin orchestras

question: Where were the Estudiantinas active in during the early 20th century?

answer: Belgium

text: Belgium

question: What groups remain today?

answer: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen).

text: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen).

question: Where is Gerda Abts well know in?

answer: Belgium

text: Belgium

question: Where is Gerda Abst a professor mandolin?

answer: Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen

text: Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen


text: Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: Infrared

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: night

text: vision

text: equipment

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: insufficient

text: visible

text: light

text: to

text: see

text: Night

text: vision

text: devices

text: operate

text: through

text: a

text: process

text: involving

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: ambient

text: light

text: photons

text: into

text: electrons

text: that

text: are

text: then

text: amplified

text: by

text: a

text: chemical

text: and

text: electrical

text: process

text: and

text: then

text: converted

text: back

text: into

text: visible

text: light

text: Infrared

text: light

text: sources

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: augment

text: the

text: available

text: ambient

text: light

text: for

text: conversion

text: by

text: night

text: vision

text: devices

text: increasing

text: in

text: the

text: dark

text: visibility

text: without

text: actually

text: using

text: a

text: visible

text: light

text: source

question: What sort of equipment uses the infrared spectrum in the absence of sufficient visible light?

answer: night vision

text: night vision

question: What do night vision devices convert ambient light photons into?

answer: electrons

text: electrons

question: Along with a chemical process, what type of process is used by night vision devices to convert infrared into visible light?

answer: electrical

text: electrical


text: The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: who

text: are

text: found

text: scattered

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: far

text: western

text: areas

text: Thus

text: significant

text: minorities

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Yi

text: Qiang

text: and

text: Nakhi

text: people

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: that

text: are

text: impacted

text: by

text: inclement

text: weather

text: and

text: natural

text: disasters

text: environmentally

text: fragile

text: and

text: impoverished

text: Sichuan

text: 's

text: capital

text: of

text: Chengdu

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: community

text: of

text: Tibetans

text: with

text: permanent

text: Tibetan

text: residents

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: floating

text: population

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Lipo

text: included

text: with

text: either

text: the

text: Yi

text: or

text: the

text: Lisu

text: people

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: A

text: Hmao

text: also

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

question: What race is the majority of Sichuan?

answer: Han Chinese

text: Han Chinese

question: What is one of the largest minorities in Chengdu?

answer: Tibetan

text: Tibetan

question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to natural disasters?

answer: far western areas.

text: far western areas.

question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Chengdu?

answer: 30,000


text: Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly restored the studio's solvency. The success of the film led Universal to offer her a contract, which for the first five years of her career produced her most successful pictures.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Meanwhile

text: producer

text: Joe

text: Pasternak

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: successfully

text: producing

text: light

text: musicals

text: with

text: young

text: sopranos

text: for

text: Universal

text: 's

text: German

text: subsidiary

text: repeated

text: his

text: formula

text: in

text: America

text: Teenage

text: singer

text: Deanna

text: Durbin

text: starred

text: in

text: Pasternak

text: 's

text: first

text: American

text: film

text: Three

text: Smart

text: Girls

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: a

text: box

text: office

text: hit

text: and

text: reputedly

text: restored

text: the

text: studio

text: 's

text: solvency

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: led

text: Universal

text: to

text: offer

text: her

text: a

text: contract

text: which

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: produced

text: her

text: most

text: successful

text: pictures

question: Who produced the film Three Smart Girls?

answer: Joe Pasternak

text: Joe Pasternak

question: Who starred in the film Three Smart Girls?

answer: Deanna Durbin

text: Deanna Durbin

question: In what year was Three Smart Girls made?

answer: 1936

question: Prior to his work in America, where was Joe Pasternak employed?

answer: Universal's German subsidiary

text: Universal's German subsidiary

question: What type of films did Joe Pasternak produce in Germany?

answer: light musicals

text: light musicals


text: The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?" ("Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?") the German term became 'Aufklärung' (aufklären = to illuminate; sich aufklären = to clear up). However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent. Terms like "les Lumières" (French), "illuminismo" (Italian), "ilustración" (Spanish) and "Aufklärung" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements. Not until the late nineteenth century did English scholars agree they were talking about "the Enlightenment."

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: term

text: Enlightenment

text: emerged

text: in

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: particular

text: reference

text: to

text: French

text: philosophy

text: as

text: the

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: term

text: Lumières

text: used

text: first

text: by

text: Dubos

text: in

text: and

text: already

text: well

text: established

text: by

text: From

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: 's

text: essay

text: Beantwortung

text: der

text: Frage

text: Was

text: ist

text: Aufklärung

text: Answering

text: the

text: Question

text: What

text: is

text: Enlightenment

text: the

text: German

text: term

text: became

text: Aufklärung

text: aufklären

text: to

text: illuminate

text: sich

text: aufklären

text: to

text: clear

text: up

text: However

text: scholars

text: have

text: never

text: agreed

text: on

text: a

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: or

text: on

text: its

text: chronological

text: or

text: geographical

text: extent

text: Terms

text: like

text: les

text: Lumières

text: French

text: illuminismo

text: Italian

text: ilustración

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Aufklärung

text: German

text: referred

text: to

text: partly

text: overlapping

text: movements

text: Not

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: did

text: English

text: scholars

text: agree

text: they

text: were

text: talking

text: about

text: the

text: Enlightenment

question: In what year was the French term Lumieres first used?

answer: 1733

question: What term became the German equivalent to the French term Lumieres?

answer: Aufklärung

text: Aufklärung

question: In what century did the term Enlightenment emerge in English?

answer: 19th

question: What is the Italian equivalent to the French term Lumieres?

answer: illuminismo

text: illuminismo

question: Did the terms, Enlightenment, Lumieres, Aufklarung and illuminismo refer to distinct or overlapping movements?

answer: overlapping

text: overlapping


text: Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some (the hareidi and hasidic groups) within the Orthodox community consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy. [See Torah im Derech Eretz and Torah Umadda "Relationship with Torah im Derech Eretz" for a more extensive listing.]

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Some

text: scholars

text: believe

text: that

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: arose

text: from

text: the

text: religious

text: and

text: social

text: realities

text: of

text: Western

text: European

text: Jewry

text: While

text: most

text: Jews

text: consider

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: traditional

text: today

text: some

text: the

text: hareidi

text: and

text: hasidic

text: groups

text: within

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: community

text: consider

text: some

text: elements

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: questionable

text: validity

text: The

text: neo

text: Orthodox

text: movement

text: holds

text: that

text: Hirsch

text: 's

text: views

text: are

text: not

text: accurately

text: followed

text: by

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: See

text: Torah

text: i

text: m

text: Derech

text: Eretz

text: and

text: Torah

text: Umadda

text: Relationship

text: with

text: Torah

text: i

text: m

text: Derech

text: Eretz

text: for

text: a

text: more

text: extensive

text: listing

question: Who did the modern orthodoxy arise from?

answer: Western European Jewry

text: Western European Jewry

question: What do most Jews consider modern orthodoxy today?

answer: traditional

text: traditional

question: the neo-orthodox movement holds that who's views are not accurately followed by the mordern orthodoxy?

answer: Hirsch's

text: Hirsch's


text: A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: A

text: census

text: of

text: sea

text: life

text: carried

text: out

text: during

text: the

text: International

text: Polar

text: Year

text: and

text: which

text: involved

text: some

text: researchers

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: The

text: research

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: Census

text: of

text: Marine

text: Life

text: CoML

text: and

text: has

text: disclosed

text: some

text: remarkable

text: findings

text: More

text: than

text: marine

text: organisms

text: live

text: in

text: both

text: polar

text: regions

text: having

text: bridged

text: the

text: gap

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: Large

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: some

text: cetaceans

text: and

text: birds

text: make

text: the

text: round

text: trip

text: annually

text: More

text: surprising

text: are

text: small

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: such

text: as

text: mudworms

text: sea

text: cucumbers

text: and

text: free

text: swimming

text: snails

text: found

text: in

text: both

text: polar

text: oceans

text: Various

text: factors

text: may

text: aid

text: in

text: their

text: distribution

text: fairly

text: uniform

text: temperatures

text: of

text: the

text: deep

text: ocean

text: at

text: the

text: poles

text: and

text: the

text: equator

text: which

text: differ

text: by

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: C

text: and

text: the

text: major

text: current

text: systems

text: or

text: marine

text: conveyor

text: belt

text: which

text: transport

text: eggs

text: and

text: larval

text: stages

question: Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?

answer: Census of Marine Life

text: Census of Marine Life

question: When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?

answer: International Polar Year

text: International Polar Year

question: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?

answer: 235

question: Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?

answer: cetaceans

text: cetaceans

question: What is the amount of difference in temperature  in the deep ocean?

answer: 5 °C

text: 5 °C


text: Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a "positive light"—in order to secure tax concessions and financial support worth up to $20 million for the film. This was denied by producer Michael G. Wilson, who stated that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico as production had been attracted to the imagery of the Day of the Dead, and that the script had been developed from there. Production of Skyfall had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Whilst

text: filming

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: speculation

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: script

text: had

text: been

text: altered

text: to

text: accommodate

text: the

text: demands

text: of

text: Mexican

text: authorities

text: reportedly

text: influencing

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: scene

text: and

text: characters

text: casting

text: choices

text: and

text: modifying

text: the

text: script

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: portray

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: a

text: positive

text: light

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: secure

text: tax

text: concessions

text: and

text: financial

text: support

text: worth

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: This

text: was

text: denied

text: by

text: producer

text: Michael

text: G.

text: Wilson

text: who

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: scene

text: had

text: always

text: been

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: shot

text: in

text: Mexico

text: as

text: production

text: had

text: been

text: attracted

text: to

text: the

text: imagery

text: of

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: script

text: had

text: been

text: developed

text: from

text: there

text: Production

text: of

text: Skyfall

text: had

text: previously

text: faced

text: similar

text: problems

text: while

text: attempting

text: to

text: secure

text: permits

text: to

text: shoot

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: pre

text: title

text: sequence

text: in

text: India

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: Istanbul

question: How much money were possible changes to the Mexico City section of the film rumored to have saved the production?

answer: $20 million

text: $20 million

question: Which Bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate Mexican authorities?

answer: Michael G. Wilson

text: Michael G. Wilson

question: In what other country, besides Mexico, did the film experience administrative issues with local authorities?

answer: India

text: India

question: Which country did Skyfall move its pre-title sequence filming to?

answer: Istanbul

text: Istanbul


text: Oklahoma City has several public career and technology education schools associated with the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, the largest of which are Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: has

text: several

text: public

text: career

text: and

text: technology

text: education

text: schools

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Department

text: of

text: Career

text: and

text: Technology

text: Education

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: Metro

text: Technology

text: Center

text: and

text: Francis

text: Tuttle

text: Technology

text: Center

question: What are the two largest technology education schools in Oklahoma City?

answer: Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center

text: Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center


text: The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: The

text: first

text: HDTV

text: transmissions

text: in

text: Europe

text: albeit

text: not

text: direct

text: to

text: home

text: began

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Italian

text: broadcaster

text: RAI

text: used

text: the

text: HD

text: MAC

text: and

text: MUSE

text: HDTV

text: technologies

text: to

text: broadcast

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: The

text: matches

text: were

text: shown

text: in

text: cinemas

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: in

text: Spain

text: The

text: connection

text: with

text: Spain

text: was

text: made

text: via

text: the

text: Olympus

text: satellite

text: link

text: from

text: Rome

text: to

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: then

text: with

text: a

text: fiber

text: optic

text: connection

text: from

text: Barcelona

text: to

text: Madrid

text: After

text: some

text: HDTV

text: transmissions

text: in

text: Europe

text: the

text: standard

text: was

text: abandoned

text: in

text: the

question: When did the first HDTV transmissions happen in Europe?

answer: 1990

question: What event was the first HDTV broadcast in Europe?

answer: FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA World Cup

question: When did Europe abandon standard transmission?

answer: mid-1990s

question: Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in HDTV?

answer: 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain

text: 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain


text: Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emotions evolved via natural selection and therefore have universal cross-cultural counterparts. Darwin also detailed the virtues of experiencing emotions and the parallel experiences that occur in animals. This led the way for animal research on emotions and the eventual determination of the neural underpinnings of emotion.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Perspectives

text: on

text: emotions

text: from

text: evolutionary

text: theory

text: were

text: initiated

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: with

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Expression

text: of

text: the

text: Emotions

text: in

text: Man

text: and

text: Animals

text: Darwin

text: argued

text: that

text: emotions

text: actually

text: served

text: a

text: purpose

text: for

text: humans

text: in

text: communication

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: aiding

text: their

text: survival

text: Darwin

text: therefore

text: argued

text: that

text: emotions

text: evolved

text: via

text: natural

text: selection

text: and

text: therefore

text: have

text: universal

text: cross

text: cultural

text: counterparts

text: Darwin

text: also

text: detailed

text: the

text: virtues

text: of

text: experiencing

text: emotions

text: and

text: the

text: parallel

text: experiences

text: that

text: occur

text: in

text: animals

text: This

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: animal

text: research

text: on

text: emotions

text: and

text: the

text: eventual

text: determination

text: of

text: the

text: neural

text: underpinnings

text: of

text: emotion

question: What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote on emotions?

answer: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

text: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

question: Along with survival, what did Darwin see as the role of emotions in humans?

answer: communication

text: communication

question: Through what process did Darwin believe emotions developed?

answer: natural selection

text: natural selection

question: In what century did Darwin write?

answer: 19th


text: Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film). It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning, and, as with past Spielberg films, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) provided the visual effects. Unlike E.T. and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which depicted friendly alien visitors, War of the Worlds featured violent invaders. The film was another huge box office smash, grossing over $591 million worldwide.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Also

text: in

text: Spielberg

text: directed

text: a

text: modern

text: adaptation

text: of

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Worlds

text: a

text: co

text: production

text: of

text: Paramount

text: and

text: DreamWorks

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: H.

text: G.

text: Wells

text: book

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: Spielberg

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: huge

text: fan

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: and

text: the

text: original

text: film

text: It

text: starred

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: and

text: Dakota

text: Fanning

text: and

text: as

text: with

text: past

text: Spielberg

text: films

text: Industrial

text: Light

text: Magic

text: ILM

text: provided

text: the

text: visual

text: effects

text: Unlike

text: E.T.

text: and

text: Close

text: Encounters

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Kind

text: which

text: depicted

text: friendly

text: alien

text: visitors

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Worlds

text: featured

text: violent

text: invaders

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: another

text: huge

text: box

text: office

text: smash

text: grossing

text: over

text: million

text: worldwide

question: Which studios produced Spielberg's 'War of the Worlds'?

answer: Paramount and DreamWorks

text: Paramount and DreamWorks

question: Who wrote the 'War of the Worlds' book?

answer: H. G. Wells

text: H. G. Wells

question: When was the first 'War of the Worlds' movie released?

answer: 1953

question: Who did the visual effects for 'War of the Worlds'?

answer: Industrial Light & Magic

text: Industrial Light & Magic

question: How much did 'War of the Worlds' earn?

answer: over $591 million worldwide

text: over $591 million worldwide


text: In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: could

text: be

text: interpreted

text: as

text: violating

text: copyright

text: laws

text: Only

text: the

text: content

text: creator

text: can

text: decide

text: where

text: their

text: content

text: is

text: published

text: or

text: duplicated

text: so

text: the

text: Archive

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: delete

text: pages

text: from

text: its

text: system

text: upon

text: request

text: of

text: the

text: creator

text: The

text: exclusion

text: policies

text: for

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: FAQ

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: The

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: also

text: retroactively

text: respects

text: robots.txt

text: files

text: i.e.

text: pages

text: that

text: currently

text: are

text: blocked

text: to

text: robots

text: on

text: the

text: live

text: web

text: temporarily

text: will

text: be

text: made

text: unavailable

text: from

text: the

text: archives

text: as

text: well

question: What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe?

answer: copyright laws

text: copyright laws

question: What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on Wayback Machine?

answer: delete pages from its system

text: delete pages from its system

question: In what part of the website are Wayback Machine's rules regarding removing content?

answer: FAQ

text: FAQ


text: Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Hospital

text: Vilardebó

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: psychiatric

text: hospital

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: Named

text: after

text: the

text: physician

text: and

text: naturalist

text: Teodoro

text: Vilardebó

text: Matuliche

text: it

text: opened

text: May

text: The

text: hospital

text: was

text: originally

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: in

text: grew

text: to

text: inpatients

text: Today

text: the

text: hospital

text: is

text: very

text: deteriorated

text: with

text: broken

text: walls

text: and

text: floors

text: lack

text: of

text: medicines

text: beds

text: and

text: rooms

text: for

text: the

text: personnel

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: emergency

text: service

text: outpatient

text: clinic

text: and

text: inpatient

text: rooms

text: and

text: employs

text: approximately

text: staff

text: psychologists

text: psychiatrists

text: social

text: workers

text: administrators

text: guards

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: average

text: patient

text: age

text: is

text: years

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: patients

text: arrive

text: by

text: court

text: order

text: suffer

text: from

text: schizophrenia

text: from

text: depression

text: and

text: mania

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: drug

text: addicted

text: patients

question: What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?

answer: Hospital Vilardebó

text: Hospital Vilardebó

question: Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after?

answer: Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche

text: Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche

question: When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?

answer: 21 May 1880

text: 21 May 1880

question: How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?

answer: 1,500 inpatients

text: 1,500 inpatients


text: This dissociation aims to make the early steps (offering, promising, requesting an advantage) of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus, to give a clear signal (from a criminal-policy point-of-view) that bribery is not acceptable.[citation needed] Furthermore, such a dissociation makes the prosecution of bribery offences easier since it can be very difficult to prove that two parties (the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker) have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal. In addition, there is often no such formal deal but only a mutual understanding, for instance when it is common knowledge in a municipality that to obtain a building permit one has to pay a "fee" to the decision maker to obtain a favorable decision. A working definition of corruption is also provided as follows in article 3 of the Civil Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 174): For the purpose of this Convention, "corruption" means requesting, offering, giving or accepting, directly or indirectly, a bribe or any other undue advantage or prospect thereof, which distorts the proper performance of any duty or behavior required of the recipient of the bribe, the undue advantage or the prospect thereof.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: This

text: dissociation

text: aims

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: early

text: steps

text: offering

text: promising

text: requesting

text: an

text: advantage

text: of

text: a

text: corrupt

text: deal

text: already

text: an

text: offence

text: and

text: thus

text: to

text: give

text: a

text: clear

text: signal

text: from

text: a

text: criminal

text: policy

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: that

text: bribery

text: is

text: not

text: acceptable.[citation

text: needed

text: Furthermore

text: such

text: a

text: dissociation

text: makes

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: bribery

text: offences

text: easier

text: since

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: very

text: difficult

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: two

text: parties

text: the

text: bribe

text: giver

text: and

text: the

text: bribe

text: taker

text: have

text: formally

text: agreed

text: upon

text: a

text: corrupt

text: deal

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: no

text: such

text: formal

text: deal

text: but

text: only

text: a

text: mutual

text: understanding

text: for

text: instance

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: knowledge

text: in

text: a

text: municipality

text: that

text: to

text: obtain

text: a

text: building

text: permit

text: one

text: has

text: to

text: pay

text: a

text: fee

text: to

text: the

text: decision

text: maker

text: to

text: obtain

text: a

text: favorable

text: decision

text: A

text: working

text: definition

text: of

text: corruption

text: is

text: also

text: provided

text: as

text: follows

text: in

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: Civil

text: Law

text: Convention

text: on

text: Corruption

text: ETS

text: For

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: this

text: Convention

text: corruption

text: means

text: requesting

text: offering

text: giving

text: or

text: accepting

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: a

text: bribe

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: undue

text: advantage

text: or

text: prospect

text: thereof

text: which

text: distorts

text: the

text: proper

text: performance

text: of

text: any

text: duty

text: or

text: behavior

text: required

text: of

text: the

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: bribe

text: the

text: undue

text: advantage

text: or

text: the

text: prospect

text: thereof

question: In some countries there is no formal deal but what that makes prosecuting bribes difficult?

answer: mutual understanding

text: mutual understanding

question: A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money?

answer: accepting

text: accepting

question: Bribes can be direct or what?

answer: indirect

text: indirect


text: A large Russian assault on the allied supply base to the southeast, at Balaclava was rebuffed on 25 October 1854.:521–527 The Battle of Balaclava is remembered in the UK for the actions of two British units. At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north of the village of Kadikoi. Commanding them was Sir Colin Campbell. Rather than 'form square', the traditional method of repelling cavalry, Campbell took the risky decision to have his Highlanders form a single line, two men deep. Campbell had seen the effectiveness of the new Minie rifles, with which his troops were armed, at the Battle of the Alma a month before, and was confident his men could beat back the Russians. His tactics succeeded. From up on the ridge to the west, Times correspondent William Howard Russell saw the Highlanders as a 'thin red streak topped with steel', a phrase which soon became the 'Thin Red Line.'

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: A

text: large

text: Russian

text: assault

text: on

text: the

text: allied

text: supply

text: base

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: at

text: Balaclava

text: was

text: rebuffed

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Balaclava

text: is

text: remembered

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: for

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: two

text: British

text: units

text: At

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: battle

text: a

text: large

text: body

text: of

text: Russian

text: cavalry

text: charged

text: the

text: Highlanders

text: who

text: were

text: posted

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Kadikoi

text: Commanding

text: them

text: was

text: Sir

text: Colin

text: Campbell

text: Rather

text: than

text: form

text: square

text: the

text: traditional

text: method

text: of

text: repelling

text: cavalry

text: Campbell

text: took

text: the

text: risky

text: decision

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: Highlanders

text: form

text: a

text: single

text: line

text: two

text: men

text: deep

text: Campbell

text: had

text: seen

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Minie

text: rifles

text: with

text: which

text: his

text: troops

text: were

text: armed

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Alma

text: a

text: month

text: before

text: and

text: was

text: confident

text: his

text: men

text: could

text: beat

text: back

text: the

text: Russians

text: His

text: tactics

text: succeeded

text: From

text: up

text: on

text: the

text: ridge

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Times

text: correspondent

text: William

text: Howard

text: Russell

text: saw

text: the

text: Highlanders

text: as

text: a

text: thin

text: red

text: streak

text: topped

text: with

text: steel

text: a

text: phrase

text: which

text: soon

text: became

text: the

text: Thin

text: Red

text: Line

question: Who did the Russians attack at the beginning off the Battle of Balaclava?

answer: 93rd Highlanders

text: 93rd Highlanders

question: Near what village were the 93rd Highlanders posted at?

answer: Kadikoi

text: Kadikoi

question: What risky maneuver did Sir Colin Campbell have the 93rd Highlanders form?

answer: a single line, two men deep

text: a single line, two men deep

question: Who led the 93rd Highlanders?

answer: Sir Colin Campbell

text: Sir Colin Campbell

question: What weapon did Sir Colin Campbell troops use during the Battle of Alma?

answer: Minie rifles

text: Minie rifles


text: When an electromagnetic wave strikes a plane surface such as the ground, part of the wave is transmitted into the ground and part of it is reflected, according to the Fresnel coefficients. If the ground is a very good conductor then almost all of the wave is reflected (180° out of phase), whereas a ground modeled as a (lossy) dielectric can absorb a large amount of the wave's power. The power remaining in the reflected wave, and the phase shift upon reflection, strongly depend on the wave's angle of incidence and polarization. The dielectric constant and conductivity (or simply the complex dielectric constant) is dependent on the soil type and is a function of frequency.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: When

text: an

text: electromagnetic

text: wave

text: strikes

text: a

text: plane

text: surface

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ground

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: wave

text: is

text: transmitted

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: reflected

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Fresnel

text: coefficients

text: If

text: the

text: ground

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: good

text: conductor

text: then

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: wave

text: is

text: reflected

text: out

text: of

text: phase

text: whereas

text: a

text: ground

text: modeled

text: as

text: a

text: lossy

text: dielectric

text: can

text: absorb

text: a

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: the

text: wave

text: 's

text: power

text: The

text: power

text: remaining

text: in

text: the

text: reflected

text: wave

text: and

text: the

text: phase

text: shift

text: upon

text: reflection

text: strongly

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: wave

text: 's

text: angle

text: of

text: incidence

text: and

text: polarization

text: The

text: dielectric

text: constant

text: and

text: conductivity

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: complex

text: dielectric

text: constant

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: soil

text: type

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: frequency

question: Who proposed this theory?

answer: Fresnel coefficients

text: Fresnel coefficients

question: Is the ground has a great conductor, how much of the wave will be reflected?

answer: 180° out of phase

text: 180° out of phase

question: what is reflected and transmitted into the ground when a plane surface is struck?

answer: electromagnetic wave

text: electromagnetic wave

question: What depends on the polarization and waves angle?

answer: power remaining

text: power remaining


text: The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: U.S.

text: military

text: has

text: proposed

text: building

text: a

text: new

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: berth

text: on

text: Guam

text: and

text: moving

text: Marines

text: and

text: of

text: their

text: dependents

text: to

text: Guam

text: from

text: Okinawa

text: Japan

text: Including

text: the

text: required

text: construction

text: workers

text: this

text: buildup

text: would

text: increase

text: Guam

text: 's

text: population

text: by

text: In

text: a

text: February

text: letter

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: Agency

text: sharply

text: criticized

text: these

text: plans

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: water

text: shortfall

text: sewage

text: problems

text: and

text: the

text: impact

text: on

text: coral

text: reefs

text: By

text: these

text: plans

text: had

text: been

text: cut

text: to

text: only

text: have

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: Marines

text: stationed

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: there

text: on

text: a

text: rotational

text: basis

text: without

text: their

text: dependents

question: What has the U.S military proposed?

answer: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam

text: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam

question: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?

answer: 8,600 Marines

text: 8,600 Marines

question: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?

answer: 4,800 Marines

text: 4,800 Marines


text: Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Paul

text: VI

text: revolutionized

text: papal

text: elections

text: by

text: ordering

text: that

text: only

text: cardinals

text: below

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: eighty

text: might

text: participate

text: in

text: future

text: conclaves

text: In

text: Ecclesiae

text: Sanctae

text: his

text: motu

text: proprio

text: of

text: August

text: he

text: further

text: invited

text: all

text: bishops

text: to

text: offer

text: their

text: retirement

text: to

text: the

text: pontiff

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: their

text: year

text: of

text: age

text: This

text: requirement

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: all

text: Cardinals

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: on

text: November

text: With

text: these

text: two

text: stipulations

text: the

text: Pope

text: filled

text: several

text: positions

text: with

text: younger

text: bishops

text: and

text: cardinals

text: and

text: further

text: internationalized

text: the

text: Roman

text: Curia

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: several

text: resignations

text: due

text: to

text: age

question: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves?

answer: eighty

text: eighty

question: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?

answer: 75

question: At what age were cardinals subsequently required to retire in an edict issued in 1970?

answer: 75

question: What did Paul VI over hall with age and retirement restrictions?

answer: papal elections

text: papal elections

question: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?

answer: 1966


text: Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implications of what they were signing.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Treaties

text: formed

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: European

text: colonization

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Europeans

text: attempted

text: to

text: legitimize

text: their

text: sovereignty

text: by

text: signing

text: treaties

text: with

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: these

text: treaties

text: were

text: in

text: extremely

text: disadvantageous

text: terms

text: to

text: the

text: native

text: people

text: who

text: often

text: did

text: not

text: appreciate

text: the

text: implications

text: of

text: what

text: they

text: were

text: signing

question: What formed an important part of European colonization?

answer: Treaties

text: Treaties

question: With whom did Europeans attempt to sign treaties in order to legitimize their sovereignty during colonization?

answer: indigenous peoples

text: indigenous peoples

question: What terms in relation to Europeans did most indigenous people enjoy under treaties?

answer: extremely disadvantageous terms

text: extremely disadvantageous terms

question: What aspect of the treaties that indigenous people signed with Europeans did the indigenous people typically not understand?

answer: the implications

text: the implications

question: What did Europeans try to legitimize all over the world by signing treaties with indigenous people?

answer: their sovereignty

text: their sovereignty


text: Shortly after his birth, John was passed from Eleanor into the care of a wet nurse, a traditional practice for medieval noble families. Eleanor then left for Poitiers, the capital of Aquitaine, and sent John and his sister Joan north to Fontevrault Abbey. This may have been done with the aim of steering her youngest son, with no obvious inheritance, towards a future ecclesiastical career. Eleanor spent the next few years conspiring against her husband Henry and neither parent played a part in John's very early life. John was probably, like his brothers, assigned a magister whilst he was at Fontevrault, a teacher charged with his early education and with managing the servants of his immediate household; John was later taught by Ranulph Glanville, a leading English administrator. John spent some time as a member of the household of his eldest living brother Henry the Young King, where he probably received instruction in hunting and military skills.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Shortly

text: after

text: his

text: birth

text: John

text: was

text: passed

text: from

text: Eleanor

text: into

text: the

text: care

text: of

text: a

text: wet

text: nurse

text: a

text: traditional

text: practice

text: for

text: medieval

text: noble

text: families

text: Eleanor

text: then

text: left

text: for

text: Poitiers

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: and

text: sent

text: John

text: and

text: his

text: sister

text: Joan

text: north

text: to

text: Fontevrault

text: Abbey

text: This

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: done

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: steering

text: her

text: youngest

text: son

text: with

text: no

text: obvious

text: inheritance

text: towards

text: a

text: future

text: ecclesiastical

text: career

text: Eleanor

text: spent

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: years

text: conspiring

text: against

text: her

text: husband

text: Henry

text: and

text: neither

text: parent

text: played

text: a

text: part

text: in

text: John

text: 's

text: very

text: early

text: life

text: John

text: was

text: probably

text: like

text: his

text: brothers

text: assigned

text: a

text: magister

text: whilst

text: he

text: was

text: at

text: Fontevrault

text: a

text: teacher

text: charged

text: with

text: his

text: early

text: education

text: and

text: with

text: managing

text: the

text: servants

text: of

text: his

text: immediate

text: household

text: John

text: was

text: later

text: taught

text: by

text: Ranulph

text: Glanville

text: a

text: leading

text: English

text: administrator

text: John

text: spent

text: some

text: time

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: household

text: of

text: his

text: eldest

text: living

text: brother

text: Henry

text: the

text: Young

text: King

text: where

text: he

text: probably

text: received

text: instruction

text: in

text: hunting

text: and

text: military

text: skills

question: Where did Eleanor leave to?

answer: Poitiers

text: Poitiers

question: John was taught by who?

answer: Ranulph Glanville

text: Ranulph Glanville

question: John was assigned what whilst he was at Fontevrault?

answer: magister

text: magister


text: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. But in 2006 a divided United Nations General Assembly voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition. South Africa also voted against the resolution.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Until

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text: annually

text: adopted

text: a

text: detailed

text: resolution

text: about

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: by

text: consensus

text: But

text: in

text: a

text: divided

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text: voted

text: through

text: a

text: resolution

text: that

text: strongly

text: called

text: upon

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: to

text: end

text: its

text: systematic

text: violations

text: of

text: human

text: rights

text: In

text: January

text: Russia

text: and

text: China

text: vetoed

text: a

text: draft

text: resolution

text: before

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: calling

text: on

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: to

text: respect

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: begin

text: a

text: democratic

text: transition

text: South

text: Africa

text: also

text: voted

text: against

text: the

text: resolution

question: What did the United adopt in reference to Burma annually until 2005 ?

answer: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.

text: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.

question: What occurred in the United Nations general convening in 2006 ?

answer: voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights.

text: voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights.

question: What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?

answer: vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar

text: vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar

question: What other countries were in disagreement with the United Nations decision on Burma ?

answer: South Africa

text: South Africa


text: The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: only

text: attempt

text: at

text: a

text: peaceful

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: Conference

text: House

text: on

text: Staten

text: Island

text: between

text: American

text: delegates

text: including

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: and

text: British

text: general

text: Lord

text: Howe

text: on

text: September

text: Shortly

text: after

text: the

text: British

text: occupation

text: began

text: the

text: Great

text: Fire

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: occurred

text: a

text: large

text: conflagration

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: of

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: which

text: destroyed

text: about

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: Trinity

text: Church

question: On what date did the peace conference on Staten Island occur?

answer: September 11, 1776

text: September 11, 1776

question: Who was the British representative at the Conference House meeting?

answer: Lord Howe

text: Lord Howe

question: What notable catastrophe took place under the British occupation?

answer: Great Fire of New York

text: Great Fire of New York

question: In what modern-day borough did the Great Fire happen?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: What noted religious building was destroyed in the Great Fire?

answer: Trinity Church

text: Trinity Church

question: Who was the English general who met with Benjamin Franklin on Septermber 11, 1776?

answer: Lord Howe

text: Lord Howe

question: Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan?

answer: the Great Fire of New York

text: the Great Fire of New York


text: Besides the obligation, many children had to help support their families financially; another factor that influenced child labour was the demographic changes that occurred in the eighteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, 20 percent of the population was made up of children between the ages of 5 and 14. Due to this substantial shift in available workers, and the development of the industrial revolution, children began to work earlier in life in companies outside of the home. Yet, even though there was an increase of child labour in factories such as cotton textiles, there consistently was large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture and domestic production.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Besides

text: the

text: obligation

text: many

text: children

text: had

text: to

text: help

text: support

text: their

text: families

text: financially

text: another

text: factor

text: that

text: influenced

text: child

text: labour

text: was

text: the

text: demographic

text: changes

text: that

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: children

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: substantial

text: shift

text: in

text: available

text: workers

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: industrial

text: revolution

text: children

text: began

text: to

text: work

text: earlier

text: in

text: life

text: in

text: companies

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: Yet

text: even

text: though

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: factories

text: such

text: as

text: cotton

text: textiles

text: there

text: consistently

text: was

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: children

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: agriculture

text: and

text: domestic

text: production

question: What type of support did child give to their families by working?

answer: financially

text: financially

question: What type of factories saw an increased need for child labour?

answer: cotton textiles

text: cotton textiles

question: Was there an increase or decrease in the field of agriculture?

answer: large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture

text: large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture


text: The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly France.:15–16 By subsidising the armies of continental allies, Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage. In the Seven Years' War, the British chose as their principal partner the greatest general of the day, Frederick the Great of Prussia, then the rising power in central Europe, and paid Frederick substantial subsidies for his campaigns.:106 This was accomplished in the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, in which Britain ended its long-standing alliance with Austria in favor of Prussia, leaving Austria to side with France. In marked contrast to France, Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies, taking full advantage of its naval power. :64–66 The British pursued a dual strategy – naval blockade and bombardment of enemy ports, and rapid movement of troops by sea. They harassed enemy shipping and attacked enemy colonies, frequently using colonists from nearby British colonies in the effort.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: British

text: by

text: inclination

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: practical

text: reasons

text: had

text: tended

text: to

text: avoid

text: large

text: scale

text: commitments

text: of

text: troops

text: on

text: the

text: Continent

text: They

text: sought

text: to

text: offset

text: the

text: disadvantage

text: of

text: this

text: in

text: Europe

text: by

text: allying

text: themselves

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: Continental

text: powers

text: whose

text: interests

text: were

text: antithetical

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: their

text: enemies

text: particularly

text: By

text: subsidising

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: continental

text: allies

text: Britain

text: could

text: turn

text: London

text: 's

text: enormous

text: financial

text: power

text: to

text: military

text: advantage

text: In

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: the

text: British

text: chose

text: as

text: their

text: principal

text: partner

text: the

text: greatest

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Prussia

text: then

text: the

text: rising

text: power

text: in

text: central

text: Europe

text: and

text: paid

text: Frederick

text: substantial

text: subsidies

text: for

text: his

text: This

text: was

text: accomplished

text: in

text: the

text: Diplomatic

text: Revolution

text: of

text: in

text: which

text: Britain

text: ended

text: its

text: long

text: standing

text: alliance

text: with

text: Austria

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: Prussia

text: leaving

text: Austria

text: to

text: side

text: with

text: France

text: In

text: marked

text: contrast

text: to

text: France

text: Britain

text: strove

text: to

text: prosecute

text: the

text: war

text: actively

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: taking

text: full

text: advantage

text: of

text: its

text: naval

text: power

text: The

text: British

text: pursued

text: a

text: dual

text: strategy

text: naval

text: blockade

text: and

text: bombardment

text: of

text: enemy

text: ports

text: and

text: rapid

text: movement

text: of

text: troops

text: by

text: sea

text: They

text: harassed

text: enemy

text: shipping

text: and

text: attacked

text: enemy

text: colonies

text: frequently

text: using

text: colonists

text: from

text: nearby

text: British

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: effort

question: How did the British avoid having large contingents of troops in continental Europe?

answer: allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies,

text: allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies,

question: Identify an advantage that Britain had during the Seven Year's War.

answer: Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage

text: Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage

question: Who led the armies supporting British interests in central Europe?

answer: Frederick the Great of Prussia

text: Frederick the Great of Prussia

question: What country was driven into an alliance with France by the British pairing with Prussia?

answer: leaving Austria to side with France

text: leaving Austria to side with France

question: How did the British behave in defending their colonies compared to the French approach?

answer: In marked contrast to France, Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies

text: In marked contrast to France, Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies


text: The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km), including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future. Land in some areas southeast of Houston is sinking because water has been pumped out of the ground for many years. It may be associated with slip along the faults; however, the slippage is slow and not considered an earthquake, where stationary faults must slip suddenly enough to create seismic waves. These faults also tend to move at a smooth rate in what is termed "fault creep", which further reduces the risk of an earthquake.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: The

text: Houston

text: area

text: has

text: over

text: active

text: faults

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: active

text: faults

text: with

text: an

text: aggregate

text: length

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: miles

text: km

text: including

text: the

text: Long

text: Point

text: Eureka

text: Heights

text: fault

text: system

text: which

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: no

text: significant

text: historically

text: recorded

text: earthquakes

text: in

text: Houston

text: but

text: researchers

text: do

text: not

text: discount

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: such

text: quakes

text: having

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: deeper

text: past

text: nor

text: occurring

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: Land

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: southeast

text: of

text: Houston

text: is

text: sinking

text: because

text: water

text: has

text: been

text: pumped

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: slip

text: along

text: the

text: faults

text: however

text: the

text: slippage

text: is

text: slow

text: and

text: not

text: considered

text: an

text: earthquake

text: where

text: stationary

text: faults

text: must

text: slip

text: suddenly

text: enough

text: to

text: create

text: seismic

text: waves

text: These

text: faults

text: also

text: tend

text: to

text: move

text: at

text: a

text: smooth

text: rate

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: termed

text: fault

text: creep

text: which

text: further

text: reduces

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: an

text: earthquake

question: How many estimated active faults does Houston have?

answer: 300

question: What is the total length of the Houston faults?

answer: 310 miles

text: 310 miles

question: What geological feature has been removed underground to cause sinking in areas of southeast Houston?

answer: water

text: water

question: Which of the geologic faults run through the center of Houston?

answer: Long Point–Eureka Heights

text: Long Point–Eureka Heights

question: What is a slow smooth rate of movement of faults called?

answer: fault creep

text: fault creep


text: In the first volume of his Parerga and Paralipomena, Schopenhauer wrote his "Sketch of a History of the Doctrine of the Ideal and the Real". He defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge. The ideal, for him, is what can be attributed to our own minds. The images in our head are what comprise the ideal. Schopenhauer emphasized that we are restricted to our own consciousness. The world that appears is only a representation or mental picture of objects. We directly and immediately know only representations. All objects that are external to the mind are known indirectly through the mediation of our mind. He offered a history of the concept of the "ideal" as "ideational" or "existing in the mind as an image".

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: volume

text: of

text: his

text: Parerga

text: and

text: Paralipomena

text: Schopenhauer

text: wrote

text: his

text: Sketch

text: of

text: a

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Ideal

text: and

text: the

text: Real

text: He

text: defined

text: the

text: ideal

text: as

text: being

text: mental

text: pictures

text: that

text: constitute

text: subjective

text: knowledge

text: The

text: ideal

text: for

text: him

text: is

text: what

text: can

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: our

text: own

text: minds

text: The

text: images

text: in

text: our

text: head

text: are

text: what

text: comprise

text: the

text: ideal

text: Schopenhauer

text: emphasized

text: that

text: we

text: are

text: restricted

text: to

text: our

text: own

text: consciousness

text: The

text: world

text: that

text: appears

text: is

text: only

text: a

text: representation

text: or

text: mental

text: picture

text: of

text: objects

text: We

text: directly

text: and

text: immediately

text: know

text: only

text: representations

text: All

text: objects

text: that

text: are

text: external

text: to

text: the

text: mind

text: are

text: known

text: indirectly

text: through

text: the

text: mediation

text: of

text: our

text: mind

text: He

text: offered

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: ideal

text: as

text: ideational

text: or

text: existing

text: in

text: the

text: mind

text: as

text: an

text: image

question: Who wrote Parerga and Paralipomena?

answer: Schopenhauer

text: Schopenhauer

question: What type of knowledge did Schopenhauer believe the ideal to be?

answer: subjective

text: subjective

question: According to Schopenhauer, to what can the ideal be attributed?

answer: our own minds

text: our own minds

question: What did Schopenhauer believe we were restricted to?

answer: our own consciousness

text: our own consciousness

question: What did Schopenhauer believe were the only things we could know?

answer: representations

text: representations


text: Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Theorists dating back to Santiago Ramón y Cajal argued that the most plausible explanation is that learning and memory are expressed as changes in the synaptic connections between neurons. Until 1970, however, experimental evidence to support the synaptic plasticity hypothesis was lacking. In 1971 Tim Bliss and Terje Lømo published a paper on a phenomenon now called long-term potentiation: the paper showed clear evidence of activity-induced synaptic changes that lasted for at least several days. Since then technical advances have made these sorts of experiments much easier to carry out, and thousands of studies have been made that have clarified the mechanism of synaptic change, and uncovered other types of activity-driven synaptic change in a variety of brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and physical activity appear to play a beneficial role in the process.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Almost

text: all

text: animals

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: modifying

text: their

text: behavior

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: experience

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: primitive

text: types

text: of

text: worms

text: Because

text: behavior

text: is

text: driven

text: by

text: brain

text: activity

text: changes

text: in

text: behavior

text: must

text: somehow

text: correspond

text: to

text: changes

text: inside

text: the

text: brain

text: Theorists

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: Santiago

text: Ramón

text: y

text: Cajal

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: plausible

text: explanation

text: is

text: that

text: learning

text: and

text: memory

text: are

text: expressed

text: as

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: synaptic

text: connections

text: between

text: neurons

text: Until

text: however

text: experimental

text: evidence

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: synaptic

text: plasticity

text: hypothesis

text: was

text: lacking

text: In

text: Tim

text: Bliss

text: and

text: Terje

text: Lømo

text: published

text: a

text: paper

text: on

text: a

text: phenomenon

text: now

text: called

text: long

text: term

text: potentiation

text: the

text: paper

text: showed

text: clear

text: evidence

text: of

text: activity

text: induced

text: synaptic

text: changes

text: that

text: lasted

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: several

text: days

text: Since

text: then

text: technical

text: advances

text: have

text: made

text: these

text: sorts

text: of

text: experiments

text: much

text: easier

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: studies

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: that

text: have

text: clarified

text: the

text: mechanism

text: of

text: synaptic

text: change

text: and

text: uncovered

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: activity

text: driven

text: synaptic

text: change

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: brain

text: areas

text: including

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: hippocampus

text: basal

text: ganglia

text: and

text: cerebellum

text: Brain

text: derived

text: neurotrophic

text: factor

text: BDNF

text: and

text: physical

text: activity

text: appear

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: beneficial

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: process

question: In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?

answer: 1971

question: BDNF is an abbreviation for what term?

answer: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

text: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

question: Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom?

answer: Santiago Ramón y Cajal

text: Santiago Ramón y Cajal


text: In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: chemical

text: terms

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: hardwood

text: and

text: softwood

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: constituent

text: lignin

text: Hardwood

text: lignin

text: is

text: primarily

text: derived

text: from

text: sinapyl

text: alcohol

text: and

text: coniferyl

text: alcohol

text: Softwood

text: lignin

text: is

text: mainly

text: derived

text: from

text: coniferyl

text: alcohol

question: What component of wood determines whether it is hardwood or softwood?

answer: lignin

text: lignin

question: Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol?

answer: Softwood

text: Softwood

question: Which type of alcohol mainly becomes softwood lignin?

answer: coniferyl

text: coniferyl

question: In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin?

answer: sinapyl

text: sinapyl

question: Which kind of wood contains lignin derived from two main alcohol sources?

answer: Hardwood

text: Hardwood


text: At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the "rational sciences," as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madaris, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: or

text: Islamic

text: Empire

text: the

text: reliance

text: on

text: courts

text: initially

text: confined

text: sponsorship

text: and

text: scholarly

text: activities

text: to

text: major

text: centres

text: Within

text: several

text: centuries

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Muslim

text: educational

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: madrasah

text: and

text: masjid

text: eventually

text: introduced

text: such

text: activities

text: to

text: provincial

text: towns

text: and

text: dispersed

text: them

text: across

text: the

text: Islamic

text: legal

text: schools

text: and

text: Sufi

text: orders

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: religious

text: subjects

text: they

text: also

text: taught

text: the

text: rational

text: sciences

text: as

text: varied

text: as

text: mathematics

text: astronomy

text: astrology

text: geography

text: alchemy

text: philosophy

text: magic

text: and

text: occultism

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: curriculum

text: of

text: the

text: specific

text: institution

text: in

text: question

text: The

text: madaris

text: however

text: were

text: not

text: centres

text: of

text: advanced

text: scientific

text: study

text: scientific

text: advances

text: in

text: Islam

text: were

text: usually

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: scholars

text: working

text: under

text: the

text: patronage

text: of

text: royal

text: courts

text: During

text: this

text: time,[when

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: experienced

text: a

text: growth

text: in

text: literacy

text: having

text: the

text: highest

text: literacy

text: rate

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: comparable

text: to

text: classical

text: Athens

text: literacy

text: in

text: antiquity

text: but

text: on

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: scale

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: maktab

text: and

text: madrasa

text: institutions

text: played

text: a

text: fundamental

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: relatively

text: high

text: literacy

text: rates

text: of

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: world

question: Who traditionally paid for scholars to study natural sciences?

answer: royal courts

text: royal courts

question: What group of people had the highest literacy rates during the Middle Ages?

answer: Caliphate

text: Caliphate

question: What schools had the biggest impact on the rising literacy rates in the Caliphate?

answer: maktab and madrasa institutions

text: maktab and madrasa institutions

question: How long did it take for madaris to spread to smaller cities and towns?

answer: several centuries

text: several centuries


text: Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers), FIDH International Federation for Human Rights, Goodwill Industries, United Way, ACORN (now defunct), Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, INCOSE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, Translators Without Borders and SOS Children's Villages.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Some

text: NPOs

text: which

text: are

text: particularly

text: well

text: known

text: often

text: for

text: the

text: charitable

text: or

text: social

text: nature

text: of

text: their

text: activities

text: performed

text: during

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: include

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: Oxfam

text: Rotary

text: International

text: Kiwanis

text: International

text: Carnegie

text: Corporation

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: Nourishing

text: USA

text: DEMIRA

text: Deutsche

text: Minenräumer

text: German

text: Mine

text: Clearers

text: FIDH

text: International

text: Federation

text: for

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Goodwill

text: Industries

text: United

text: Way

text: ACORN

text: now

text: defunct

text: Habitat

text: for

text: Humanity

text: Teach

text: For

text: America

text: the

text: Red

text: Cross

text: and

text: Red

text: Crescent

text: organizations

text: UNESCO

text: IEEE

text: INCOSE

text: World

text: Wide

text: Fund

text: for

text: Nature

text: Heifer

text: International

text: Translators

text: Without

text: Borders

text: and

text: SOS

text: Children

text: 's

text: Villages

question: What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners?

answer: Habitat for Humanity

text: Habitat for Humanity

question: What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?

answer: Rotary International

text: Rotary International

question: What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?

answer: United Way

text: United Way

question: Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?

answer: Red Cross and Red Crescent

text: Red Cross and Red Crescent

question: Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?

answer: World Wide Fund for Nature

text: World Wide Fund for Nature