text: In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress passed the Enlarged Homestead Act that expanded the amount of free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3 km2) per family and in 1912 reduced the time to "prove up" on a claim to three years. In 1916, the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation.  This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. In addition, Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation. Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as "Honyockers", or "scissorbills." Though the word "honyocker", possibly derived from the ethnic slur "hunyak," was applied in a derisive manner at homesteaders as being "greenhorns", "new at his business" or "unprepared", the reality was that a majority of these new settlers had previous farming experience, though there were also many who did not.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: James

text: J.

text: Hill

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: began

text: promoting

text: settlement

text: in

text: the

text: Montana

text: prairie

text: to

text: fill

text: his

text: trains

text: with

text: settlers

text: and

text: goods

text: Other

text: railroads

text: followed

text: suit

text: In

text: the

text: Reclamation

text: Act

text: was

text: passed

text: allowing

text: irrigation

text: projects

text: to

text: be

text: built

text: in

text: Montana

text: 's

text: eastern

text: river

text: valleys

text: In

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Enlarged

text: Homestead

text: Act

text: that

text: expanded

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: free

text: land

text: from

text: to

text: acres

text: to

text: per

text: family

text: and

text: in

text: reduced

text: the

text: time

text: to

text: prove

text: up

text: on

text: a

text: claim

text: to

text: three

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: Stock

text: Raising

text: Homestead

text: Act

text: allowed

text: homesteads

text: of

text: acres

text: in

text: areas

text: unsuitable

text: for

text: irrigation

text: This

text: combination

text: of

text: advertising

text: and

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: Homestead

text: Act

text: drew

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: homesteaders

text: lured

text: by

text: free

text: land

text: with

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: bringing

text: particularly

text: high

text: wheat

text: prices

text: In

text: addition

text: Montana

text: was

text: going

text: through

text: a

text: temporary

text: period

text: of

text: higher

text: than

text: average

text: precipitation

text: Homesteaders

text: arriving

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: Honyockers

text: or

text: scissorbills

text: Though

text: the

text: word

text: honyocker

text: possibly

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: ethnic

text: slur

text: hunyak

text: was

text: applied

text: in

text: a

text: derisive

text: manner

text: at

text: homesteaders

text: as

text: being

text: greenhorns

text: new

text: at

text: his

text: business

text: or

text: unprepared

text: the

text: reality

text: was

text: that

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: these

text: new

text: settlers

text: had

text: previous

text: farming

text: experience

text: though

text: there

text: were

text: also

text: many

text: who

text: did

text: not

question: Who promoted settlement in Montana in the early 1900s

answer: James J. Hill

text: James J. Hill

question: In what year was the Reclamation Act passed?

answer: 1902

question: What year was the Enlarged Homestead Act passed?

answer: 1909

question: How much land was alloted in the new Enlarged Homestead Act?

answer: 320 acres

text: 320 acres


text: Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Matsushita

text: provided

text: a

text: cash

text: infusion

text: but

text: the

text: clash

text: of

text: cultures

text: was

text: too

text: great

text: to

text: overcome

text: and

text: five

text: years

text: later

text: Matsushita

text: sold

text: an

text: stake

text: in

text: MCA

text: Universal

text: to

text: Canadian

text: drinks

text: distributor

text: Seagram

text: for

text: billion

text: Seagram

text: sold

text: off

text: its

text: stake

text: in

text: DuPont

text: to

text: fund

text: this

text: expansion

text: into

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Hoping

text: to

text: build

text: an

text: entertainment

text: empire

text: around

text: Universal

text: Seagram

text: bought

text: PolyGram

text: in

text: and

text: other

text: entertainment

text: properties

text: but

text: the

text: fluctuating

text: profits

text: characteristic

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: were

text: no

text: substitute

text: for

text: the

text: reliable

text: income

text: stream

text: gained

text: from

text: the

text: previously

text: held

text: shares

text: in

text: DuPont

question: What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company?

answer: 80%

question: To whom did Matsushita sell a large share of MCA/Universal?

answer: Seagram

text: Seagram

question: How much did Seagram pay to buy a large share of MCA/Universal?

answer: $5.7 billion

text: $5.7 billion

question: What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal?

answer: its stake in DuPont

text: its stake in DuPont

question: What company did Seagram buy in 1999?

answer: PolyGram

text: PolyGram


text: Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: theories

text: of

text: special

text: relativity

text: and

text: general

text: relativity

text: He

text: also

text: made

text: important

text: contributions

text: to

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: especially

text: his

text: mathematical

text: treatment

text: of

text: Brownian

text: motion

text: his

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: paradox

text: of

text: specific

text: heats

text: and

text: his

text: connection

text: of

text: fluctuations

text: and

text: dissipation

text: Despite

text: his

text: reservations

text: about

text: its

text: interpretation

text: Einstein

text: also

text: made

text: contributions

text: to

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: and

text: indirectly

text: quantum

text: field

text: theory

text: primarily

text: through

text: his

text: theoretical

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: photon

question: What is Albert Einstein known for?

answer: his theories of special relativity and general relativity

text: his theories of special relativity and general relativity

question: What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion?

answer: mathematical treatment

text: mathematical treatment

question: What did Einstein discover a resolution to?

answer: the paradox of specific heats

text: the paradox of specific heats

question: What theory  did Einstein have reservations about?

answer: quantum field theory

text: quantum field theory


text: Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in late May 1645, the Hongguang Emperor fled Nanjing, and the imperial Ming Palace was looted by local residents. On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them. The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the Manchu queue way. They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen's cantonment, and destroyed the former imperial Ming Palace, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Zhu

text: Yousong

text: however

text: fared

text: a

text: lot

text: worse

text: than

text: his

text: ancestor

text: Zhu

text: Yuanzhang

text: three

text: centuries

text: earlier

text: Beset

text: by

text: factional

text: conflicts

text: his

text: regime

text: could

text: not

text: offer

text: effective

text: resistance

text: to

text: Qing

text: forces

text: when

text: the

text: Qing

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Manchu

text: prince

text: Dodo

text: approached

text: Jiangnan

text: the

text: next

text: spring

text: Days

text: after

text: Yangzhou

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Manchus

text: in

text: late

text: May

text: the

text: Hongguang

text: Emperor

text: fled

text: Nanjing

text: and

text: the

text: imperial

text: Ming

text: Palace

text: was

text: looted

text: by

text: local

text: residents

text: On

text: June

text: Dodo

text: 's

text: troops

text: approached

text: Nanjing

text: and

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: garrison

text: Zhao

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Xincheng

text: promptly

text: surrendered

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: them

text: The

text: Manchus

text: soon

text: ordered

text: all

text: male

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: shave

text: their

text: heads

text: in

text: the

text: Manchu

text: queue

text: way

text: They

text: requisitioned

text: a

text: large

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: for

text: the

text: bannermen

text: 's

text: cantonment

text: and

text: destroyed

text: the

text: former

text: imperial

text: Ming

text: Palace

text: but

text: otherwise

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: spared

text: the

text: mass

text: murders

text: and

text: destruction

text: that

text: befell

text: Yangzhou

question: When did the Hongguang Emperor leave Nanjing, having been defeated?

answer: late May 1645

text: late May 1645

question: Who surrendered Nanjing to invaders on June 6?

answer: Zhao the Earl of Xincheng

text: Zhao the Earl of Xincheng

question: What did the Manchu's make all the men in the city do?

answer: shave their heads

text: shave their heads


text: Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an even greater number of pandas in the neighbouring panda reserves remained unknown. Five security guards at the reserve were killed by the earthquake. Six pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged. By May 20, two pandas at the reserve were found to be injured, while the search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake. By May 28, 2008, one panda was still missing. The missing panda was later found dead under the rubble of an enclosure. Nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, was discovered on Monday, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure. Panda keepers and other workers placed her remains in a small wooden crate and buried her outside the breeding centre.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Initially

text: officials

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: contact

text: the

text: Wolong

text: National

text: Nature

text: Reserve

text: home

text: to

text: around

text: giant

text: pandas

text: However

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Ministry

text: later

text: said

text: that

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: British

text: tourists

text: visiting

text: the

text: Wolong

text: Panda

text: Reserve

text: in

text: the

text: quake

text: hit

text: area

text: returned

text: safe

text: and

text: uninjured

text: to

text: Chengdu

text: Nonetheless

text: the

text: well

text: being

text: of

text: an

text: even

text: greater

text: number

text: of

text: pandas

text: in

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: panda

text: reserves

text: remained

text: unknown

text: Five

text: security

text: guards

text: at

text: the

text: reserve

text: were

text: killed

text: by

text: the

text: earthquake

text: Six

text: pandas

text: escaped

text: after

text: their

text: enclosures

text: were

text: damaged

text: By

text: May

text: two

text: pandas

text: at

text: the

text: reserve

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: injured

text: while

text: the

text: search

text: continued

text: for

text: another

text: two

text: adult

text: pandas

text: that

text: went

text: missing

text: after

text: the

text: quake

text: By

text: May

text: one

text: panda

text: was

text: still

text: missing

text: The

text: missing

text: panda

text: was

text: later

text: found

text: dead

text: under

text: the

text: rubble

text: of

text: an

text: enclosure

text: Nine

text: year

text: old

text: Mao

text: Mao

text: a

text: mother

text: of

text: five

text: at

text: the

text: breeding

text: center

text: was

text: discovered

text: on

text: Monday

text: her

text: body

text: crushed

text: by

text: a

text: wall

text: in

text: her

text: enclosure

text: Panda

text: keepers

text: and

text: other

text: workers

text: placed

text: her

text: remains

text: in

text: a

text: small

text: wooden

text: crate

text: and

text: buried

text: her

text: outside

text: the

text: breeding

text: centre

question: What place could officials not contact?

answer: the Wolong National Nature Reserve

text: the Wolong National Nature Reserve

question: How many pandas live at the Reserve?

answer: around 280

text: around 280

question: How many British visitors to the Reserve left unharmed?

answer: 31

question: How many pandas were injured?

answer: 2

question: What nature center was cutoff?

answer: Wolong National Nature Reserve

text: Wolong National Nature Reserve

question: How many pandas escaped the reserve?

answer: Six

text: Six

question: How many security guards died at the reserve?

answer: five

text: five

question: What famous panda was killed under the rubble?

answer: Mao Mao

text: Mao Mao


text: The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right. The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: British

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: on

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: also

text: committed

text: the

text: colonies

text: and

text: Dominions

text: which

text: provided

text: invaluable

text: military

text: financial

text: and

text: material

text: support

text: Over

text: million

text: men

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: the

text: Dominions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: volunteers

text: from

text: the

text: Crown

text: colonies

text: The

text: contributions

text: of

text: Australian

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: troops

text: during

text: the

text: Gallipoli

text: Campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: had

text: a

text: great

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: national

text: consciousness

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: marked

text: a

text: watershed

text: in

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: from

text: colonies

text: to

text: nations

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right

text: The

text: countries

text: continue

text: to

text: commemorate

text: this

text: occasion

text: on

text: Anzac

text: Day

text: Canadians

text: viewed

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Vimy

text: Ridge

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: light

text: The

text: important

text: contribution

text: of

text: the

text: Dominions

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: was

text: recognised

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: David

text: Lloyd

text: George

text: when

text: he

text: invited

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: Dominion

text: Prime

text: Ministers

text: to

text: join

text: an

text: Imperial

text: War

text: Cabinet

text: to

text: co

text: ordinate

text: imperial

text: policy

question: When was the Gallipoli Campaign?

answer: 1915

question: Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917?

answer: David Lloyd George

text: David Lloyd George

question: The Gallipoli Campaign fought against which country?

answer: the Ottoman Empire

text: the Ottoman Empire

question: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?

answer: Gallipoli Campaign

text: Gallipoli Campaign

question: How many people were in the Dominions' armies?

answer: Over 2.5 million

text: Over 2.5 million


text: The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914).

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: human

text: activity

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: dates

text: to

text: around

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: Archaeological

text: remains

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: include

text: the

text: well

text: preserved

text: Neolithic

text: village

text: of

text: Khirokitia

text: and

text: Cyprus

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: water

text: wells

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Cyprus

text: was

text: settled

text: by

text: Mycenaean

text: Greeks

text: in

text: two

text: waves

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: As

text: a

text: strategic

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: it

text: was

text: subsequently

text: occupied

text: by

text: several

text: major

text: powers

text: including

text: the

text: empires

text: of

text: the

text: Assyrians

text: Egyptians

text: and

text: Persians

text: from

text: whom

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: seized

text: in

text: BC

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: Subsequent

text: rule

text: by

text: Ptolemaic

text: Egypt

text: the

text: Classical

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Arab

text: caliphates

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: period

text: the

text: French

text: Lusignan

text: dynasty

text: and

text: the

text: Venetians

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: over

text: three

text: centuries

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: between

text: and

text: de

text: jure

text: until

question: What is the date of the earliest known human activity on Cyprus?

answer: 10th millennium BC

text: 10th millennium BC

question: What is Cyprus home to of?

answer: the oldest water wells in the world

text: the oldest water wells in the world

question: Who was Cyprus settled by in 2nd millennium BC?

answer: Mycenaean Greeks

text: Mycenaean Greeks

question: What empires have occupied Cyprus?

answer: empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians

text: empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians

question: When did Ottoman rule occur in Cyprus?

answer: between 1571 and 1878

text: between 1571 and 1878


text: The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company, with movie production, distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studio system era.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: The

text: Universal

text: Film

text: Manufacturing

text: Company

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: on

text: April

text: Laemmle

text: who

text: emerged

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: July

text: was

text: the

text: primary

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: partnership

text: with

text: Dintenfass

text: Baumann

text: Kessel

text: Powers

text: Swanson

text: Horsley

text: and

text: Brulatour

text: Eventually

text: all

text: would

text: be

text: bought

text: out

text: by

text: Laemmle

text: The

text: new

text: Universal

text: studio

text: was

text: a

text: vertically

text: integrated

text: company

text: with

text: movie

text: production

text: distribution

text: and

text: exhibition

text: venues

text: all

text: linked

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: corporate

text: entity

text: the

text: central

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: Studio

text: system

text: era

question: On what date was the incorporation of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company?

answer: April 30, 1912

text: April 30, 1912

question: In what state was the Universal Film Manufacturing Company incorporated?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: Who was the president of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company circa July 1912?

answer: Laemmle

text: Laemmle

question: What was the fate of the other partners of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company?

answer: bought out by Laemmle

text: bought out by Laemmle

question: Along with exhibition and distribution, what business did the Universal Film Manufacturing Company engage in?

answer: movie production

text: movie production


text: Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices.

title: University

title: University

text: Although

text: the

text: initial

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: humanist

text: scholars

text: in

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: the

text: discovery

text: exposition

text: and

text: insertion

text: of

text: ancient

text: texts

text: and

text: languages

text: into

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: ideas

text: of

text: those

text: texts

text: into

text: society

text: generally

text: their

text: influence

text: was

text: ultimately

text: quite

text: progressive

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: classical

text: texts

text: brought

text: new

text: ideas

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: creative

text: university

text: climate

text: as

text: the

text: notable

text: list

text: of

text: scholars

text: above

text: attests

text: to

text: A

text: focus

text: on

text: knowledge

text: coming

text: from

text: self

text: from

text: the

text: human

text: has

text: a

text: direct

text: implication

text: for

text: new

text: forms

text: of

text: scholarship

text: and

text: instruction

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: what

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: humanities

text: This

text: disposition

text: toward

text: knowledge

text: manifested

text: in

text: not

text: simply

text: the

text: translation

text: and

text: propagation

text: of

text: ancient

text: texts

text: but

text: also

text: their

text: adaptation

text: and

text: expansion

text: For

text: instance

text: Vesalius

text: was

text: imperative

text: for

text: advocating

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Galen

text: but

text: he

text: also

text: invigorated

text: this

text: text

text: with

text: experimentation

text: disagreements

text: and

text: further

text: research

text: The

text: propagation

text: of

text: these

text: texts

text: especially

text: within

text: the

text: universities

text: was

text: greatly

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: vernacular

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: printing

text: of

text: relatively

text: large

text: texts

text: at

text: reasonable

text: prices

question: Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar?

answer: humanist

text: humanist

question: A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study?

answer: the humanities

text: the humanities

question: What work did Vesalius push the study of?

answer: Galen

text: Galen

question: What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities?

answer: the printing press

text: the printing press


text: General Francisco Franco — himself a Galician from Ferrol — ruled as dictator from the civil war until his death in 1975. Franco's centralizing regime suppressed any official use of the Galician language, including the use of Galician names for newborns, although its everyday oral use was not forbidden. Among the attempts at resistance were small leftist guerrilla groups such as those led by José Castro Veiga ("El Piloto") and Benigno Andrade ("Foucellas"), both of whom were ultimately captured and executed. In the 1960s, ministers such as Manuel Fraga Iribarne introduced some reforms allowing technocrats affiliated with Opus Dei to modernize administration in a way that facilitated capitalist economic development. However, for decades Galicia was largely confined to the role of a supplier of raw materials and energy to the rest of Spain, causing environmental havoc and leading to a wave of migration to Venezuela and to various parts of Europe. Fenosa, the monopolistic supplier of electricity, built hydroelectric dams, flooding many Galician river valleys.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: General

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: himself

text: a

text: Galician

text: from

text: Ferrol

text: ruled

text: as

text: dictator

text: from

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Franco

text: 's

text: centralizing

text: regime

text: suppressed

text: any

text: official

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Galician

text: language

text: including

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Galician

text: names

text: for

text: newborns

text: although

text: its

text: everyday

text: oral

text: use

text: was

text: not

text: forbidden

text: Among

text: the

text: attempts

text: at

text: resistance

text: were

text: small

text: leftist

text: guerrilla

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: led

text: by

text: José

text: Castro

text: Veiga

text: El

text: Piloto

text: and

text: Benigno

text: Andrade

text: Foucellas

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: ultimately

text: captured

text: and

text: executed

text: In

text: the

text: ministers

text: such

text: as

text: Manuel

text: Fraga

text: Iribarne

text: introduced

text: some

text: reforms

text: allowing

text: technocrats

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Opus

text: Dei

text: to

text: modernize

text: administration

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: facilitated

text: capitalist

text: economic

text: development

text: However

text: for

text: decades

text: Galicia

text: was

text: largely

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: a

text: supplier

text: of

text: raw

text: materials

text: and

text: energy

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Spain

text: causing

text: environmental

text: havoc

text: and

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: wave

text: of

text: migration

text: to

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: to

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: Fenosa

text: the

text: monopolistic

text: supplier

text: of

text: electricity

text: built

text: hydroelectric

text: dams

text: flooding

text: many

text: Galician

text: river

text: valleys

question: Francisco Franco was himself a Galician from which city?

answer: Ferrol

text: Ferrol

question: When did his reign end?

answer: 1975

question: What was Guerrilla fighter José Castro Veiga's nickname?

answer: El Piloto

text: El Piloto

question: And what was Benigno Andrade's?

answer: Foucellas

text: Foucellas


text: Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally "own-nature" or "self-nature"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are "empty" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhism

text: received

text: significant

text: theoretical

text: grounding

text: from

text: Nagarjuna

text: perhaps

text: c.

text: CE

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: scholar

text: within

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: tradition

text: Nagarjuna

text: 's

text: primary

text: contribution

text: to

text: Buddhist

text: philosophy

text: was

text: the

text: systematic

text: exposition

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: śūnyatā

text: or

text: emptiness

text: widely

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: Prajñāpāramitā

text: sutras

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: his

text: era

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: emptiness

text: brings

text: together

text: other

text: key

text: Buddhist

text: doctrines

text: particularly

text: anatta

text: and

text: dependent

text: origination

text: to

text: refute

text: the

text: metaphysics

text: of

text: Sarvastivada

text: and

text: Sautrantika

text: extinct

text: non

text: Mahayana

text: schools

text: For

text: Nagarjuna

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: sentient

text: beings

text: that

text: are

text: empty

text: of

text: ātman

text: all

text: phenomena

text: dharmas

text: are

text: without

text: any

text: svabhava

text: literally

text: own

text: nature

text: or

text: self

text: nature

text: and

text: thus

text: without

text: any

text: underlying

text: essence

text: they

text: are

text: empty

text: of

text: being

text: independent

text: thus

text: the

text: heterodox

text: theories

text: of

text: svabhava

text: circulating

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: refuted

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: doctrines

text: of

text: early

text: Buddhism

text: Nagarjuna

text: 's

text: school

text: of

text: thought

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Mādhyamaka

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: writings

text: attributed

text: to

text: Nagarjuna

text: made

text: explicit

text: references

text: to

text: Mahayana

text: texts

text: but

text: his

text: philosophy

text: was

text: argued

text: within

text: the

text: parameters

text: set

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: agamas

text: He

text: may

text: have

text: arrived

text: at

text: his

text: positions

text: from

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: consistent

text: exegesis

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: as

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: Canon

text: In

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: Nagarjuna

text: the

text: Buddha

text: was

text: not

text: merely

text: a

text: forerunner

text: but

text: the

text: very

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Mādhyamaka

text: system

question: Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?

answer: śūnyatā

text: śūnyatā

question: What does sunyata mean?

answer: emptiness

text: emptiness

question: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?

answer: ātman

text: ātman

question: What does dharmas mean?

answer: phenomena

text: phenomena


text: The party's leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop. The pair were elected to their positions at the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Bishop as the incumbent deputy leader and Turnbull as a replacement for Tony Abbott, whom he consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now the Turnbull Government, the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in three states: Colin Barnett has been Premier of Western Australia since 2008, Will Hodgman Premier of Tasmania since 2014 and Mike Baird Premier of New South Wales since 2014. Adam Giles is also the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, having led a Country Liberal minority government since 2015. The party is in opposition in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: The

text: party

text: 's

text: leader

text: is

text: Malcolm

text: Turnbull

text: and

text: its

text: deputy

text: leader

text: is

text: Julie

text: Bishop

text: The

text: pair

text: were

text: elected

text: to

text: their

text: positions

text: at

text: the

text: September

text: Liberal

text: leadership

text: ballot

text: Bishop

text: as

text: the

text: incumbent

text: deputy

text: leader

text: and

text: Turnbull

text: as

text: a

text: replacement

text: for

text: Tony

text: Abbott

text: whom

text: he

text: consequently

text: succeeded

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Australia

text: Now

text: the

text: Turnbull

text: Government

text: the

text: party

text: had

text: been

text: elected

text: at

text: the

text: federal

text: election

text: as

text: the

text: Abbott

text: Government

text: which

text: took

text: office

text: on

text: September

text: At

text: state

text: and

text: territory

text: level

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: is

text: in

text: office

text: in

text: three

text: states

text: Colin

text: Barnett

text: has

text: been

text: Premier

text: of

text: Western

text: Australia

text: since

text: Will

text: Hodgman

text: Premier

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: since

text: and

text: Mike

text: Baird

text: Premier

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: since

text: Adam

text: Giles

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: having

text: led

text: a

text: Country

text: Liberal

text: minority

text: government

text: since

text: The

text: party

text: is

text: in

text: opposition

text: in

text: Victoria

text: Queensland

text: South

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: Capital

text: Territory

question: Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader?

answer: Malcolm Turnbull

text: Malcolm Turnbull

question: Who was Turnbull elected to replace?

answer: Tony Abbott

text: Tony Abbott

question: Who is the Australian Party's deputy leader?

answer: Julie Bishop

text: Julie Bishop

question: What was the former name of the Turnbull Government?

answer: the Abbott Government

text: the Abbott Government


text: About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984[needs update]. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). The resulting material is typically further treated to extract small but valuable amounts of lubricants and to adjust the properties of the material to suit applications. In a de-asphalting unit, the crude asphalt is treated with either propane or butane in a supercritical phase to extract the lighter molecules, which are then separated. Further processing is possible by "blowing" the product: namely reacting it with oxygen. This step makes the product harder and more viscous.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: About

text: tons

text: were

text: produced

text: in

text: update

text: It

text: is

text: obtained

text: as

text: the

text: heavy

text: i.e.

text: difficult

text: to

text: distill

text: fraction

text: Material

text: with

text: a

text: boiling

text: point

text: greater

text: than

text: around

text: C

text: is

text: considered

text: asphalt

text: Vacuum

text: distillation

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: components

text: in

text: crude

text: oil

text: such

text: as

text: naphtha

text: gasoline

text: and

text: diesel

text: The

text: resulting

text: material

text: is

text: typically

text: further

text: treated

text: to

text: extract

text: small

text: but

text: valuable

text: amounts

text: of

text: lubricants

text: and

text: to

text: adjust

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: to

text: suit

text: applications

text: In

text: a

text: de

text: asphalting

text: unit

text: the

text: crude

text: asphalt

text: is

text: treated

text: with

text: either

text: propane

text: or

text: butane

text: in

text: a

text: supercritical

text: phase

text: to

text: extract

text: the

text: lighter

text: molecules

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: separated

text: Further

text: processing

text: is

text: possible

text: by

text: blowing

text: the

text: product

text: namely

text: reacting

text: it

text: with

text: oxygen

text: This

text: step

text: makes

text: the

text: product

text: harder

text: and

text: more

text: viscous

question: How many tons of bitumen ere produced in 1984?

answer: 40,000,000

question: What boiling point is considered to be the for asphalt?

answer: 500 °C

text: 500 °C

question: What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials?

answer: Vacuum distillation

text: Vacuum distillation

question: What is the process used to harden the asphalt?

answer: blowing

text: blowing

question: In processing asphalt, what is the unit used to separate it?

answer: de-asphalting

text: de-asphalting


text: High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural bas-reliefs were flatter and tended to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. Its clearly articulated individual features were isolated rather than interpenetrating, autonomous and complete in themselves.

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: High

text: neoclassicism

text: was

text: an

text: international

text: movement

text: Though

text: neoclassical

text: architecture

text: employed

text: the

text: same

text: classical

text: vocabulary

text: as

text: Late

text: Baroque

text: architecture

text: it

text: tended

text: to

text: emphasize

text: its

text: planar

text: qualities

text: rather

text: than

text: sculptural

text: volumes

text: Projections

text: and

text: recessions

text: and

text: their

text: effects

text: of

text: light

text: and

text: shade

text: were

text: more

text: flat

text: sculptural

text: bas

text: reliefs

text: were

text: flatter

text: and

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: enframed

text: in

text: friezes

text: tablets

text: or

text: panels

text: Its

text: clearly

text: articulated

text: individual

text: features

text: were

text: isolated

text: rather

text: than

text: interpenetrating

text: autonomous

text: and

text: complete

text: in

text: themselves

question: What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?

answer: Late Baroque architecture

text: Late Baroque architecture

question: What qualities were more emphasized in neoclassical versus Baroque?

answer: planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes

text: planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes

question: In addition to being flatter, how were individual features handled with neoclasic?

answer: isolated rather than interpenetrating

text: isolated rather than interpenetrating

question: How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?

answer: international movement

text: international movement


text: The LSPU Hall is home to the Resource Centre for the Arts. The "Hall" hosts a vibrant and diverse arts community and is regarded as the backbone of artistic infrastructure and development in the downtown. The careers of many well-known Newfoundland artists were launched there including Rick Mercer, Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Andy Jones and Greg Thomey. The St. John's Arts and Culture Centre houses an art gallery, libraries and a 1000-seat theatre, which is the city's major venue for entertainment productions.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: The

text: LSPU

text: Hall

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Resource

text: Centre

text: for

text: the

text: Arts

text: The

text: Hall

text: hosts

text: a

text: vibrant

text: and

text: diverse

text: arts

text: community

text: and

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: backbone

text: of

text: artistic

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: The

text: careers

text: of

text: many

text: well

text: known

text: Newfoundland

text: artists

text: were

text: launched

text: there

text: including

text: Rick

text: Mercer

text: Mary

text: Walsh

text: Cathy

text: Jones

text: Andy

text: Jones

text: and

text: Greg

text: Thomey

text: The

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: Arts

text: and

text: Culture

text: Centre

text: houses

text: an

text: art

text: gallery

text: libraries

text: and

text: a

text: theatre

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: major

text: venue

text: for

text: entertainment

text: productions

question: Where is the Resource Centre for the Arts?

answer: The LSPU Hall

text: The LSPU Hall

question: How many seats does the St. John's Arts and Culture theatre have?

answer: 1000

question: Where in the city is the LSPU Hall?

answer: downtown

text: downtown

question: Where is Rick Mercer from?

answer: Newfoundland

text: Newfoundland


text: The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in the northwest was once a major centre of Buddhist and Hindu influence. Several important Sikh shrines are in the province, including the birthplace of the first Guru, Guru Nanak. (born at Nankana Sahib). There are a few famous hill stations, including Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: The

text: province

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: historical

text: sites

text: including

text: the

text: Shalimar

text: Gardens

text: the

text: Lahore

text: Fort

text: the

text: Badshahi

text: Mosque

text: the

text: Rohtas

text: Fort

text: and

text: the

text: ruins

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Harrapa

text: The

text: Anarkali

text: Market

text: and

text: Jahangir

text: 's

text: Tomb

text: are

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Lahore

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: Lahore

text: Museum

text: while

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Taxila

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: was

text: once

text: a

text: major

text: centre

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: and

text: Hindu

text: influence

text: Several

text: important

text: Sikh

text: shrines

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: including

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Guru

text: Guru

text: Nanak

text: born

text: at

text: Nankana

text: Sahib

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: few

text: famous

text: hill

text: stations

text: including

text: Murree

text: Bhurban

text: Patriata

text: and

text: Fort

text: Munro

question: What famous tomb is in Lahore?

answer: Jahangir's Tomb

text: Jahangir's Tomb

question: Where was Nanak born?

answer: Nankana Sahib

text: Nankana Sahib

question: Who was the first Sikh Guru?

answer: Guru Nanak

text: Guru Nanak

question: What famous hill stations are in Punjab?

answer: Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro

text: Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro

question: What famous mosque is in Punjab?

answer: Badshahi Mosque

text: Badshahi Mosque


text: Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot of Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality. The mission was planned to be a three-day test, to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2, but the mission was plagued with problems. Early on, Komarov's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed. Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely, resulting in the craft spinning wildly. Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system, which was only partially effective. The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day. During the emergency re-entry, a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail, and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute; Komarov was killed on impact. Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: having

text: its

text: own

text: problems

text: with

text: Soyuz

text: development

text: Engineers

text: reported

text: design

text: faults

text: to

text: party

text: leaders

text: but

text: their

text: concerns

text: were

text: overruled

text: by

text: political

text: pressures

text: for

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: space

text: feats

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Lenin

text: 's

text: birthday."[citation

text: needed

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: single

text: pilot

text: of

text: Soyuz

text: Vladimir

text: Komarov

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: flight

text: spaceflight

text: fatality

text: The

text: mission

text: was

text: planned

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: three

text: day

text: test

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: first

text: Soviet

text: docking

text: with

text: an

text: unpiloted

text: Soyuz

text: but

text: the

text: mission

text: was

text: plagued

text: with

text: problems

text: Early

text: on

text: Komarov

text: 's

text: craft

text: lacked

text: sufficient

text: electrical

text: power

text: because

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: solar

text: panels

text: had

text: deployed

text: Then

text: the

text: automatic

text: attitude

text: control

text: system

text: began

text: malfunctioning

text: and

text: eventually

text: failed

text: completely

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: craft

text: spinning

text: wildly

text: Komarov

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: spin

text: with

text: the

text: manual

text: system

text: which

text: was

text: only

text: partially

text: effective

text: The

text: flight

text: controllers

text: aborted

text: his

text: mission

text: after

text: only

text: one

text: day

text: During

text: the

text: emergency

text: re

text: entry

text: a

text: fault

text: in

text: the

text: landing

text: parachute

text: system

text: caused

text: the

text: primary

text: chute

text: to

text: fail

text: and

text: the

text: reserve

text: chute

text: became

text: tangled

text: with

text: the

text: drogue

text: chute

text: Komarov

text: was

text: killed

text: on

text: impact

text: Fixing

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: faults

text: caused

text: an

text: eighteen

text: month

text: delay

text: before

text: piloted

text: Soyuz

text: flights

text: could

text: resume

question: Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?

answer: Vladimir Komarov

text: Vladimir Komarov

question: When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?

answer: April 24, 1967

text: April 24, 1967


text: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead, especially as the international community seeks to develop the rule of law and reform security institutions in States recovering from conflict (Goldsmith and Sheptycki, 2007) With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark and there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions (Hills, 2009).

title: Police

title: Police

text: Police

text: development

text: aid

text: to

text: weak

text: failed

text: or

text: failing

text: states

text: is

text: another

text: form

text: of

text: transnational

text: policing

text: that

text: has

text: garnered

text: attention

text: This

text: form

text: of

text: transnational

text: policing

text: plays

text: an

text: increasingly

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: United

text: Nations

text: peacekeeping

text: and

text: this

text: looks

text: set

text: to

text: grow

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: ahead

text: especially

text: as

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: seeks

text: to

text: develop

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: reform

text: security

text: institutions

text: in

text: States

text: recovering

text: from

text: conflict

text: Goldsmith

text: and

text: Sheptycki

text: With

text: transnational

text: police

text: development

text: aid

text: the

text: imbalances

text: of

text: power

text: between

text: donors

text: and

text: recipients

text: are

text: stark

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: questions

text: about

text: the

text: applicability

text: and

text: transportability

text: of

text: policing

text: models

text: between

text: jurisdictions

text: Hills

question: Where has transnational policing become more important?

answer: in United Nations peacekeeping

text: in United Nations peacekeeping

question: Who wrote about police development-aid in 2007?

answer: Goldsmith and Sheptycki

text: Goldsmith and Sheptycki

question: What kind of countries get assistance with policing?

answer: weak, failed or failing states

text: weak, failed or failing states

question: What concern did Hills raise about power imbalances?

answer: With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark

text: With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark

question: What concern did Hills raise about police models?

answer: there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions

text: there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions


text: Jews are often identified as belonging to one of two major groups: the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim. Ashkenazim, or "Germanics" (Ashkenaz meaning "Germany" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their German Jewish cultural and geographical origins, while Sephardim, or "Hispanics" (Sefarad meaning "Spain/Hispania" or "Iberia" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their Spanish/Portuguese Jewish cultural and geographic origins. The more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim, is Mizrahim (lit. "Easterners", Mizrach being "East" in Hebrew), that is, in reference to the diverse collection of Middle Eastern and North African Jews who are often, as a group, referred to collectively as Sephardim (together with Sephardim proper) for liturgical reasons, although Mizrahi Jewish groups and Sephardi Jews proper are ethnically distinct.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Jews

text: are

text: often

text: identified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: major

text: groups

text: the

text: Ashkenazim

text: and

text: the

text: Sephardim

text: Ashkenazim

text: or

text: Germanics

text: Ashkenaz

text: meaning

text: Germany

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: are

text: so

text: named

text: denoting

text: their

text: German

text: Jewish

text: cultural

text: and

text: geographical

text: origins

text: while

text: Sephardim

text: or

text: Hispanics

text: Sefarad

text: meaning

text: Spain

text: Hispania

text: or

text: Iberia

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: are

text: so

text: named

text: denoting

text: their

text: Spanish

text: Portuguese

text: Jewish

text: cultural

text: and

text: geographic

text: origins

text: The

text: more

text: common

text: term

text: in

text: Israel

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: those

text: broadly

text: called

text: Sephardim

text: is

text: Mizrahim

text: lit

text: Easterners

text: Mizrach

text: being

text: East

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: diverse

text: collection

text: of

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: and

text: North

text: African

text: Jews

text: who

text: are

text: often

text: as

text: a

text: group

text: referred

text: to

text: collectively

text: as

text: Sephardim

text: together

text: with

text: Sephardim

text: proper

text: for

text: liturgical

text: reasons

text: although

text: Mizrahi

text: Jewish

text: groups

text: and

text: Sephardi

text: Jews

text: proper

text: are

text: ethnically

text: distinct

question: Name one major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to.

answer: Ashkenazim

text: Ashkenazim

question: Name another major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to?

answer: Sephardim

text: Sephardim

question: What does Ashkenaz mean in Hebrew?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What is the more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim?

answer: Mizrahim

text: Mizrahim

question: What does Mizrach mean in Hebrew?

answer: East

text: East


text: The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Mac OS; iPod software for Microsoft Windows was launched with the second generation model. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are not supported without installing custom firmware onto an iPod (e.g., Rockbox).

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: The

text: iPod

text: line

text: can

text: play

text: several

text: audio

text: file

text: formats

text: including

text: AAC

text: Protected

text: AAC

text: AIFF

text: WAV

text: Audible

text: audiobook

text: and

text: Apple

text: Lossless

text: The

text: iPod

text: photo

text: introduced

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: display

text: JPEG

text: BMP

text: GIF

text: TIFF

text: and

text: PNG

text: image

text: file

text: formats

text: Fifth

text: and

text: sixth

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Classics

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: third

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nanos

text: can

text: additionally

text: play

text: AVC

text: and

text: QuickTime

text: video

text: formats

text: with

text: restrictions

text: on

text: video

text: dimensions

text: encoding

text: techniques

text: and

text: data

text: rates

text: Originally

text: iPod

text: software

text: only

text: worked

text: with

text: Mac

text: OS

text: iPod

text: software

text: for

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: was

text: launched

text: with

text: the

text: second

text: generation

text: model

text: Unlike

text: most

text: other

text: media

text: players

text: Apple

text: does

text: not

text: support

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: WMA

text: audio

text: format

text: but

text: a

text: converter

text: for

text: WMA

text: files

text: without

text: Digital

text: Rights

text: Management

text: DRM

text: is

text: provided

text: with

text: the

text: Windows

text: version

text: of

text: iTunes

text: MIDI

text: files

text: also

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: played

text: but

text: can

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: audio

text: files

text: using

text: the

text: Advanced

text: menu

text: in

text: iTunes

text: Alternative

text: open

text: source

text: audio

text: formats

text: such

text: as

text: Ogg

text: Vorbis

text: and

text: FLAC

text: are

text: not

text: supported

text: without

text: installing

text: custom

text: firmware

text: onto

text: an

text: iPod

text: e.g.

text: Rockbox

question: What is the name of an audio format developed by Apple?

answer: Apple Lossless

text: Apple Lossless

question: Which product enabled users to view images on the device?

answer: iPod photo

text: iPod photo

question: What Microsoft media format is not natively supported by Apple devices?

answer: WMA

text: WMA

question: What does DRM stand for?

answer: Digital Rights Management

text: Digital Rights Management

question: What computer OS did iPod software exclusively work with at launch?

answer: Mac OS

text: Mac OS

question: What are some examples of audio formats supported by the iPod?

answer: MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless

text: MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless

question: What was the first model to support JPEG and other still image formats?

answer: iPod photo

text: iPod photo


text: The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: The

text: federal

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: mandated

text: that

text: in

text: data

text: collection

text: and

text: presentation

text: federal

text: agencies

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: two

text: ethnicities

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: and

text: Not

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: The

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: defines

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: as

text: a

text: person

text: of

text: Cuban

text: Mexican

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: South

text: or

text: Central

text: American

text: or

text: other

text: Spanish

text: culture

text: or

text: origin

text: regardless

text: of

text: race

text: For

text: discussion

text: of

text: the

text: meaning

text: and

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: ethnicity

text: see

text: the

text: Hispanic

text: and

text: Latino

text: Americans

text: and

text: Racial

text: and

text: ethnic

text: demographics

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: articles

question: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection?

answer: a minimum of two

text: a minimum of two

question: How would a person of Cuban origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?

answer: Hispanic or Latino

text: Hispanic or Latino

question: Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use?

answer: Not Hispanic or Latino

text: Not Hispanic or Latino

question: In which ethnic category would a person of Mexican origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?

answer: Hispanic or Latino

text: Hispanic or Latino

question: In what ethnic category would a person from Puerto Rico to be listed in the United States Census?

answer: Hispanic or Latino

text: Hispanic or Latino


text: Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Many

text: traditional

text: festivals

text: and

text: customs

text: were

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: times

text: which

text: included

text: climbing

text: the

text: City

text: Wall

text: on

text: January

text: bathing

text: in

text: Qing

text: Xi

text: on

text: March

text: hill

text: hiking

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: others

text: the

text: dates

text: are

text: in

text: Chinese

text: lunar

text: calendar

text: Almost

text: of

text: them

text: however

text: are

text: still

text: celebrated

text: by

text: modern

text: Nanjingese

question: When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?

answer: January 16

text: January 16

question: On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?

answer: bathing in Qing Xi

text: bathing in Qing Xi

question: What did citizens used to do on September 9?

answer: hill hiking

text: hill hiking

question: Where can one find the dates of more old festivals?

answer: Chinese lunar calendar

text: Chinese lunar calendar

question: How many of these old festivals are still celebrated by residents of Nanjing?

answer: Almost none of them

text: Almost none of them


text: Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Distinctive

text: and

text: self

text: identified

text: black

text: communities

text: have

text: been

text: reported

text: in

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Iraq

text: with

text: a

text: reported

text: million

text: black

text: people

text: and

text: they

text: attest

text: to

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: discrimination

text: African

text: Iraquis

text: have

text: sought

text: minority

text: status

text: from

text: the

text: government

text: which

text: would

text: reserve

text: some

text: seats

text: in

text: Parliament

text: for

text: representatives

text: of

text: their

text: population

text: According

text: to

text: Alamin

text: M.

text: Mazrui

text: et

text: al

text: generally

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: most

text: of

text: those

text: of

text: visible

text: African

text: descent

text: are

text: still

text: classified

text: and

text: identify

text: as

text: Arab

text: not

text: black

question: Who is seeking minority status from the government?

answer: African-Iraquis

text: African-Iraquis

question: Where would they be represented if minority status is granted?

answer: Parliament

text: Parliament

question: How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula?

answer: as Arab

text: as Arab

question: What types of communities have been reported in Iraq?

answer: Distinctive and self-identified black communities

text: Distinctive and self-identified black communities

question: Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula?

answer: Alamin M. Mazrui et al.

text: Alamin M. Mazrui et al.


text: In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: the

text: floor

text: just

text: inside

text: the

text: great

text: west

text: door

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: nave

text: is

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: The

text: Unknown

text: Warrior

text: an

text: unidentified

text: British

text: soldier

text: killed

text: on

text: a

text: European

text: battlefield

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: He

text: was

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: on

text: November

text: This

text: grave

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: on

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: forbidden

text: to

text: walk.[citation

text: needed

question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?

answer: 11 November 1920

text: 11 November 1920


text: The late Georgian period saw the birth of the semi-detached house, planned systematically, as a suburban compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban examples are large, and in what are now the outer fringes of Central London, but were then in areas being built up for the first time. Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood are among the areas contesting being the original home of the semi. Sir John Summerson gave primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood. A plan for this exists dated 1794, where "the whole development consists of pairs of semi-detached houses, So far as I know, this is the first recorded scheme of the kind". In fact the French Wars put an end to this scheme, but when the development was finally built it retained the semi-detached form, "a revolution of striking significance and far-reaching effect".

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: The

text: late

text: Georgian

text: period

text: saw

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: semi

text: detached

text: house

text: planned

text: systematically

text: as

text: a

text: suburban

text: compromise

text: between

text: the

text: terraced

text: houses

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: detached

text: villas

text: further

text: out

text: where

text: land

text: was

text: cheaper

text: There

text: had

text: been

text: occasional

text: examples

text: in

text: town

text: centres

text: going

text: back

text: to

text: medieval

text: times

text: Most

text: early

text: suburban

text: examples

text: are

text: large

text: and

text: in

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: the

text: outer

text: fringes

text: of

text: Central

text: London

text: but

text: were

text: then

text: in

text: areas

text: being

text: built

text: up

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Blackheath

text: Chalk

text: Farm

text: and

text: St

text: John

text: 's

text: Wood

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: areas

text: contesting

text: being

text: the

text: original

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: semi

text: Sir

text: John

text: Summerson

text: gave

text: primacy

text: to

text: the

text: Eyre

text: Estate

text: of

text: St

text: John

text: 's

text: Wood

text: A

text: plan

text: for

text: this

text: exists

text: dated

text: where

text: the

text: whole

text: development

text: consists

text: of

text: pairs

text: of

text: semi

text: detached

text: houses

text: So

text: far

text: as

text: I

text: know

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: recorded

text: scheme

text: of

text: the

text: kind

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: French

text: Wars

text: put

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: this

text: scheme

text: but

text: when

text: the

text: development

text: was

text: finally

text: built

text: it

text: retained

text: the

text: semi

text: detached

text: form

text: a

text: revolution

text: of

text: striking

text: significance

text: and

text: far

text: reaching

text: effect

question: What cities contest to being the original home of the semi?

answer: Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood

text: Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood

question: A plan for a semi-detached houses was dated for what year?

answer: 1794

question: Who conferred primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood?

answer: Sir John Summerson

text: Sir John Summerson

question: What put an end to the scheme of semi-detached houses?

answer: the French Wars

text: the French Wars


text: Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay. Balboa Park encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including Hillcrest and North Park. To the east and southeast lie City Heights, the College Area, and Southeast San Diego. To the north lies Mission Valley and Interstate 8. The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, include Clairemont, Kearny Mesa, Tierrasanta, and Navajo. Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of Mira Mesa, Scripps Ranch, Rancho Peñasquitos, and Rancho Bernardo. The far northeast portion of the city encompasses Lake Hodges and the San Pasqual Valley, which holds an agricultural preserve. Carmel Valley and Del Mar Heights occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are Torrey Pines State Reserve and the business center of the Golden Triangle. Further south are the beach and coastal communities of La Jolla, Pacific Beach, Mission Beach, and Ocean Beach. Point Loma occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of South San Diego, such as San Ysidro and Otay Mesa, are located next to the Mexico–United States border, and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of National City and Chula Vista. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: Downtown

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: San

text: Diego

text: Bay

text: Balboa

text: Park

text: encompasses

text: several

text: mesas

text: and

text: canyons

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: surrounded

text: by

text: older

text: dense

text: urban

text: communities

text: including

text: Hillcrest

text: and

text: North

text: Park

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: lie

text: City

text: Heights

text: the

text: College

text: Area

text: and

text: Southeast

text: San

text: Diego

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: lies

text: Mission

text: Valley

text: and

text: Interstate

text: The

text: communities

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: and

text: freeway

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: Air

text: Station

text: Miramar

text: include

text: Clairemont

text: Kearny

text: Mesa

text: Tierrasanta

text: and

text: Navajo

text: Stretching

text: north

text: from

text: Miramar

text: are

text: the

text: northern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Mira

text: Mesa

text: Scripps

text: Ranch

text: Rancho

text: Peñasquitos

text: and

text: Rancho

text: Bernardo

text: The

text: far

text: northeast

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: encompasses

text: Lake

text: Hodges

text: and

text: the

text: San

text: Pasqual

text: Valley

text: which

text: holds

text: an

text: agricultural

text: preserve

text: Carmel

text: Valley

text: and

text: Del

text: Mar

text: Heights

text: occupy

text: the

text: northwest

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: To

text: their

text: south

text: are

text: Torrey

text: Pines

text: State

text: Reserve

text: and

text: the

text: business

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Golden

text: Triangle

text: Further

text: south

text: are

text: the

text: beach

text: and

text: coastal

text: communities

text: of

text: La

text: Jolla

text: Pacific

text: Beach

text: Mission

text: Beach

text: and

text: Ocean

text: Beach

text: Point

text: Loma

text: occupies

text: the

text: peninsula

text: across

text: San

text: Diego

text: Bay

text: from

text: downtown

text: The

text: communities

text: of

text: South

text: San

text: Diego

text: such

text: as

text: San

text: Ysidro

text: and

text: Otay

text: Mesa

text: are

text: located

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Mexico

text: United

text: States

text: border

text: and

text: are

text: physically

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: by

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: National

text: City

text: and

text: Chula

text: Vista

text: A

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: Bay

text: connects

text: these

text: southern

text: neighborhoods

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: city

question: What community covers the area from Downtown San Diego to the peninsula?

answer: Point Loma

text: Point Loma

question: Where is Otay Mesa found within the city?

answer: next to the Mexico–United States border

text: next to the Mexico–United States border

question: Which valley is encompassed by the most northeast portion of San Diego?

answer: San Pasqual Valley

text: San Pasqual Valley

question: What is the only coastal community in San Diego without the word "beach" in its name?

answer: La Jolla

text: La Jolla


text: Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such as decay or insect invasion can also discolor wood, even in woody plants that do not form heartwood, which may lead to confusion.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Heartwood

text: is

text: often

text: visually

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: living

text: sapwood

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: in

text: a

text: cross

text: section

text: where

text: the

text: boundary

text: will

text: tend

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: growth

text: rings

text: For

text: example

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: much

text: darker

text: However

text: other

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: decay

text: or

text: insect

text: invasion

text: can

text: also

text: discolor

text: wood

text: even

text: in

text: woody

text: plants

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: form

text: heartwood

text: which

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: confusion

question: In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?

answer: growth rings

text: growth rings

question: What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?

answer: darker

text: darker

question: Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?

answer: decay

text: decay

question: What kind of plants never form heartwood?

answer: woody

text: woody

question: What is the living wood in a tree called?

answer: sapwood

text: sapwood


text: Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of plantation owner George Lucas, learned how to raise and use indigo in the Lowcountry in 1747. Supported with subsidies from Britain, indigo was a leading export by 1750. Those and naval stores were exported in an extremely profitable shipping industry.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Colonial

text: Lowcountry

text: landowners

text: experimented

text: with

text: cash

text: crops

text: ranging

text: from

text: tea

text: to

text: silkworms

text: African

text: slaves

text: brought

text: knowledge

text: of

text: rice

text: cultivation

text: which

text: plantation

text: owners

text: cultivated

text: and

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: successful

text: commodity

text: crop

text: by

text: With

text: the

text: coerced

text: help

text: of

text: African

text: slaves

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Eliza

text: Lucas

text: daughter

text: of

text: plantation

text: owner

text: George

text: Lucas

text: learned

text: how

text: to

text: raise

text: and

text: use

text: indigo

text: in

text: the

text: Lowcountry

text: in

text: Supported

text: with

text: subsidies

text: from

text: Britain

text: indigo

text: was

text: a

text: leading

text: export

text: by

text: Those

text: and

text: naval

text: stores

text: were

text: exported

text: in

text: an

text: extremely

text: profitable

text: shipping

text: industry

question: African slaves had great knowledge of the cultivation of what product?

answer: rice

text: rice

question: By what year was indigo was a leading export for the Lowcountry?

answer: 1750

question: Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: By what year was rice a successful commodity crop for the Lowcountry?

answer: 1700

question: What products were exported along with indigo from the Lowcountry?

answer: naval stores

text: naval stores


text: Throughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from the 1930s on, as with equipment described below). Air defence evolution covered the areas of sensors and technical fire control, weapons, and command and control. At the start of the 20th century these were either very primitive or non-existent.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Throughout

text: the

text: century

text: air

text: defence

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: evolving

text: areas

text: of

text: military

text: technology

text: responding

text: to

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: aircraft

text: and

text: exploiting

text: various

text: enabling

text: technologies

text: particularly

text: radar

text: guided

text: missiles

text: and

text: computing

text: initially

text: electromechanical

text: analog

text: computing

text: from

text: the

text: on

text: as

text: with

text: equipment

text: described

text: below

text: Air

text: defence

text: evolution

text: covered

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: sensors

text: and

text: technical

text: fire

text: control

text: weapons

text: and

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: At

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: were

text: either

text: very

text: primitive

text: or

text: non

text: existent

question: What was one of the quickest areas to evolve in military technology in the 20th century?

answer: air defence

text: air defence

question: The evolution of air defence was in answer to the evolution of what?

answer: aircraft

text: aircraft

question: In addition to radar and computing, what else did air defence want to exploit?

answer: guided missiles

text: guided missiles

question: In addition to sensors and technical fire control, and weapons, what else did air defence evolution cover?

answer: command and control

text: command and control


text: Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having "four seasons in one day", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: is

text: also

text: prone

text: to

text: isolated

text: convective

text: showers

text: forming

text: when

text: a

text: cold

text: pool

text: crosses

text: the

text: state

text: especially

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: considerable

text: daytime

text: heating

text: These

text: showers

text: are

text: often

text: heavy

text: and

text: can

text: contain

text: hail

text: and

text: squalls

text: and

text: significant

text: drops

text: in

text: temperature

text: but

text: they

text: pass

text: through

text: very

text: quickly

text: at

text: times

text: with

text: a

text: rapid

text: clearing

text: trend

text: to

text: sunny

text: and

text: relatively

text: calm

text: weather

text: and

text: the

text: temperature

text: rising

text: back

text: to

text: what

text: it

text: was

text: before

text: the

text: shower

text: This

text: often

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: space

text: of

text: minutes

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: repeated

text: many

text: times

text: in

text: a

text: day

text: giving

text: Melbourne

text: a

text: reputation

text: for

text: having

text: four

text: seasons

text: in

text: one

text: day

text: a

text: phrase

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: local

text: popular

text: culture

text: and

text: familiar

text: to

text: many

text: visitors

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: lowest

text: temperature

text: on

text: record

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: highest

text: temperature

text: recorded

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: city

text: was

text: C

text: F

text: on

text: February

text: While

text: snow

text: is

text: occasionally

text: seen

text: at

text: higher

text: elevations

text: in

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: it

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: Business

text: District

text: since

question: What weather phrase has become part of local popular culture in Melbourne and concerns the city's rapid change in weather?

answer: four seasons in one day

text: four seasons in one day

question: What is the lowest temperature on Melbourne's record?

answer: −2.8 °C (27.0 °F)

text: −2.8 °C (27.0 °F)

question: On what date did the lowest temperature in Melbourne's records occur?

answer: 21 July 1869

text: 21 July 1869

question: What is Melbourne's highest temperature recorded?

answer: 46.4 °C (115.5 °F)

text: 46.4 °C (115.5 °F)

question: On what date was Melbourne's highest temperature recorded?

answer: 7 February 2009

text: 7 February 2009


text: New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urbanized

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: overtaking

text: London

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: surpassed

text: the

text: million

text: mark

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: megacity

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: The

text: difficult

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: saw

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: reformer

text: Fiorello

text: La

text: Guardia

text: as

text: mayor

text: and

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Tammany

text: Hall

text: after

text: eighty

text: years

text: of

text: political

text: dominance

question: In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world?

answer: London

text: London

question: What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million?

answer: megacity

text: megacity

question: Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression?

answer: Fiorello La Guardia

text: Fiorello La Guardia

question: For about how many years did Tammany Hall control New York political life?

answer: eighty

text: eighty

question: In the 1930s, New York City had more than 10 million people becoming the first what in history?

answer: megacity

text: megacity


text: The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: The

text: median

text: income

text: for

text: a

text: household

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: median

text: income

text: for

text: a

text: family

text: was

text: Males

text: had

text: a

text: median

text: income

text: of

text: versus

text: for

text: females

text: The

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: About

text: of

text: families

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: were

text: below

text: the

text: poverty

text: line

text: including

text: of

text: those

text: under

text: age

text: and

text: of

text: those

text: age

text: or

text: over

question: What was the median income for a household in the city?

answer: $26,969

question: What was the median income for a family in the city?

answer: $31,997

question: What was the per capita income for the city?

answer: $15,402

question: What percentage of families in the city were living below the poverty line?

answer: 19.1%

question: What percentage of the population in the city were living below the poverty line?

answer: 23.6%


text: The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: third

text: largest

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Central

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: located

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Edmond

text: Oklahoma

text: Christian

text: University

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: private

text: liberal

text: arts

text: institutions

text: is

text: located

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Edmond

text: border

text: inside

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: limits

question: Which university is the third-largest in the state?

answer: University of Central Oklahoma

text: University of Central Oklahoma

question: Which private university is located near the Edmond border?

answer: Oklahoma Christian University

text: Oklahoma Christian University


text: In the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while "Anti-Federalists" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the modern usage of "federalism" in Europe and the United States. The distinction stems from the fact that "federalism" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state. The U.S. Constitution was written as a reaction to the Articles of Confederation, under which the United States was a loose confederation with a weak central government.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federalism

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: belief

text: in

text: a

text: stronger

text: central

text: government

text: When

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: was

text: being

text: drafted

text: the

text: Federalist

text: Party

text: supported

text: a

text: stronger

text: central

text: government

text: while

text: Anti

text: Federalists

text: wanted

text: a

text: weaker

text: central

text: government

text: This

text: is

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: usage

text: of

text: federalism

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: distinction

text: stems

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: federalism

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: spectrum

text: between

text: a

text: confederacy

text: and

text: a

text: unitary

text: state

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: was

text: written

text: as

text: a

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: under

text: which

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: a

text: loose

text: confederation

text: with

text: a

text: weak

text: central

text: government

question: In the United States, what was federalism referred to?

answer: belief in a stronger central government.

text: belief in a stronger central government.

question: When the U.S Constitution was being drafted, what did the federalist party support?

answer: stronger central government

text: stronger central government

question: What did anti-federalist support?

answer: weaker central government

text: weaker central government

question: On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand?

answer: federalism" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state

text: federalism" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state