text: Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Forest

text: gardening

text: was

text: also

text: being

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: food

text: production

text: system

text: in

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: over

text: this

text: period

text: Forest

text: gardens

text: originated

text: in

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: along

text: jungle

text: clad

text: river

text: banks

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: wet

text: foothills

text: of

text: monsoon

text: regions.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: gradual

text: process

text: of

text: families

text: improving

text: their

text: immediate

text: environment

text: useful

text: tree

text: and

text: vine

text: species

text: were

text: identified

text: protected

text: and

text: improved

text: whilst

text: undesirable

text: species

text: were

text: eliminated

text: Eventually

text: superior

text: foreign

text: species

text: were

text: selected

text: and

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: gardens

question: In what kind of area did forest gardening start?

answer: jungle-clad river banks

text: jungle-clad river banks

question: In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?

answer: foothills of monsoon regions

text: foothills of monsoon regions

question: What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?

answer: tree and vine species

text: tree and vine species

question: What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?

answer: identified, protected and improved

text: identified, protected and improved

question: What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?

answer: eliminated

text: eliminated


text: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse.Utrecht is also home to the baseball and Sofball club: UVV which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the Varsity each year.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: premier

text: league

text: professional

text: football

text: club

text: FC

text: Utrecht

text: which

text: plays

text: in

text: Stadium

text: Nieuw

text: Galgenwaard

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Kampong

text: the

text: largest

text: amateur

text: sportsclub

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: members

text: SV

text: Kampong

text: Kampong

text: features

text: fieldhockey

text: soccer

text: cricket

text: tennis

text: squash

text: and

text: jeu

text: de

text: boules

text: Kampong

text: 's

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: top

text: hockey

text: squads

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: Dutch

text: hockey

text: league

text: the

text: Rabohoofdklasse

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: baseball

text: and

text: Sofball

text: club

text: UVV

text: which

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: Dutch

text: baseball

text: league

text: de

text: Hoofdklasse

text: Utrecht

text: 's

text: waterways

text: are

text: used

text: by

text: several

text: rowing

text: clubs

text: Viking

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: club

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: and

text: the

text: student

text: clubs

text: Orca

text: and

text: Triton

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: Varsity

text: each

text: year

question: What football team is Utrecht home to

answer: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht

text: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht

question: What Utrecht waterways host to

answer: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs

text: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs

question: What is kampong

answer: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members)

text: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members)

question: What sports does Kampong support

answer: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules.

text: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules.


text: Hans Bielenstein writes that as far back as the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), the Han Chinese government "maintained the fiction" that the foreign officials administering the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions (composed of the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan) were true Han representatives due to the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Hans

text: Bielenstein

text: writes

text: that

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: CE

text: the

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: government

text: maintained

text: the

text: fiction

text: that

text: the

text: foreign

text: officials

text: administering

text: the

text: various

text: Dependent

text: States

text: and

text: oasis

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Regions

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: Tarim

text: Basin

text: and

text: oasis

text: of

text: Turpan

text: were

text: true

text: Han

text: representatives

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Han

text: government

text: 's

text: conferral

text: of

text: Chinese

text: seals

text: and

text: seal

text: cords

text: to

text: them

question: What was the western regions composed of?

answer: the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan

text: the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan

question: Who believed that they were the true Han Western representatives?

answer: foreign officials

text: foreign officials


text: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: Arthur

text: Ravenel

text: Jr.

text: Bridge

text: across

text: the

text: Cooper

text: River

text: opened

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: cable

text: stayed

text: bridge

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: construction.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: bridge

text: links

text: Mount

text: Pleasant

text: with

text: downtown

text: Charleston

text: and

text: has

text: eight

text: lanes

text: plus

text: a

text: lane

text: shared

text: by

text: pedestrians

text: and

text: bicycles

text: It

text: replaced

text: the

text: Grace

text: Memorial

text: Bridge

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Silas

text: N.

text: Pearman

text: Bridge

text: built

text: in

text: They

text: were

text: considered

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: dangerous

text: bridges

text: in

text: America

text: and

text: were

text: demolished

text: after

text: the

text: Ravenel

text: Bridge

text: opened

question: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?

answer: 2005

question: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge?

answer: Mount Pleasant

text: Mount Pleasant

question: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge built?

answer: 1929

question: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built?

answer: 1966

question: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?

answer: Cooper River

text: Cooper River


text: Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Within

text: each

text: province

text: are

text: communities

text: hamaynkner

text: singular

text: hamaynk

text: Each

text: community

text: is

text: self

text: governing

text: and

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: settlements

text: bnakavayrer

text: singular

text: bnakavayr

text: Settlements

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: either

text: towns

text: kaghakner

text: singular

text: kaghak

text: or

text: villages

text: gyugher

text: singular

text: gyugh

text: As

text: of

text: Armenia

text: includes

text: communities

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: considered

text: urban

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: rural

text: The

text: capital

text: Yerevan

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: a

text: community

text: Additionally

text: Yerevan

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: twelve

text: semi

text: autonomous

text: districts

question: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?

answer: 915

question: How many districts does Yerevan have?

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker?

answer: rural

text: rural

question: What is the Armenian term for settlment?

answer: bnakavayr

text: bnakavayr


text: There is also a trend of Orthodox movements pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to Jews by Choice of gentiles who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: trend

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: movements

text: pursuing

text: secular

text: Jews

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: give

text: them

text: a

text: stronger

text: Jewish

text: identity

text: so

text: there

text: is

text: less

text: chance

text: of

text: intermarriage

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: efforts

text: by

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: Jewish

text: groups

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: trend

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Baal

text: Teshuva

text: movement

text: for

text: secular

text: Jews

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: religiously

text: observant

text: though

text: the

text: demographic

text: implications

text: of

text: the

text: trend

text: are

text: unknown

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: growing

text: rate

text: of

text: conversion

text: to

text: Jews

text: by

text: Choice

text: of

text: gentiles

text: who

text: make

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: head

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: becoming

text: Jews

question: What is one method used to prevent intermarriage?

answer: pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity

text: pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity

question: What is the trend for secular Jews to become more religiously observant known as?

answer: the Baal Teshuva movement

text: the Baal Teshuva movement

question: Who leads the movement that pursues secular Jews in order to give them stronger Jewish identity?

answer: Orthodox

text: Orthodox


text: Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as "inspired philosophers"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Avicenna

text: was

text: a

text: devout

text: Muslim

text: and

text: sought

text: to

text: reconcile

text: rational

text: philosophy

text: with

text: Islamic

text: theology

text: His

text: aim

text: was

text: to

text: prove

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: His

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: scientifically

text: and

text: through

text: reason

text: and

text: logic

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: views

text: on

text: Islamic

text: theology

text: and

text: philosophy

text: were

text: enormously

text: influential

text: forming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: curriculum

text: at

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: schools

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: Avicenna

text: wrote

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: short

text: treatises

text: dealing

text: with

text: Islamic

text: theology

text: These

text: included

text: treatises

text: on

text: the

text: prophets

text: whom

text: he

text: viewed

text: as

text: inspired

text: philosophers

text: and

text: also

text: on

text: various

text: scientific

text: and

text: philosophical

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: such

text: as

text: how

text: Quranic

text: cosmology

text: corresponds

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: philosophical

text: system

text: In

text: general

text: these

text: treatises

text: linked

text: his

text: philosophical

text: writings

text: to

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: ideas

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: afterlife

question: What religion was Avicenna?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: What did Avicenna want to reconcile with Islamic theology?

answer: rational philosophy

text: rational philosophy

question: What did Avicenna hope to do through his work?

answer: prove the existence of God

text: prove the existence of God

question: Up until what century was Avicenna's work highly influential?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: Who did Avicenna view as inspired philosophers?

answer: the prophets

text: the prophets


text: In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: for

text: the

text: Prevention

text: of

text: Accidents

text: supports

text: a

text: proposal

text: to

text: observe

text: SDST

text: 's

text: additional

text: hour

text: year

text: round

text: but

text: is

text: opposed

text: in

text: some

text: industries

text: such

text: as

text: postal

text: workers

text: and

text: farmers

text: and

text: particularly

text: by

text: those

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: UK

question: What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year?

answer: the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

text: the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

question: Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST?

answer: postal workers

text: postal workers

question: What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?

answer: northern regions

text: northern regions


text: As early as the late 18th century, black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies, especially in the northern states. Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war. They wanted to be free of white supervision. In 1866 the Consolidated American Baptist Convention, formed from black Baptists of the South and West, helped southern associations set up black state conventions, which they did in Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. In 1880 black state conventions united in the national Foreign Mission Convention, to support black Baptist missionary work. Two other national black conventions were formed, and in 1895 they united as the National Baptist Convention. This organization later went through its own changes, spinning off other conventions. It is the largest black religious organization and the second largest Baptist organization in the world. Baptists are numerically most dominant in the Southeast. In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: As

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: black

text: Baptists

text: began

text: to

text: organize

text: separate

text: churches

text: associations

text: and

text: mission

text: agencies

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: states

text: Not

text: only

text: did

text: blacks

text: set

text: up

text: some

text: independent

text: congregations

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: before

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: freedmen

text: quickly

text: separated

text: from

text: white

text: congregations

text: and

text: associations

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: They

text: wanted

text: to

text: be

text: free

text: of

text: white

text: supervision

text: In

text: the

text: Consolidated

text: American

text: Baptist

text: Convention

text: formed

text: from

text: black

text: Baptists

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: and

text: West

text: helped

text: southern

text: associations

text: set

text: up

text: black

text: state

text: conventions

text: which

text: they

text: did

text: in

text: Alabama

text: Arkansas

text: Virginia

text: North

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Kentucky

text: In

text: black

text: state

text: conventions

text: united

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: Foreign

text: Mission

text: Convention

text: to

text: support

text: black

text: Baptist

text: missionary

text: work

text: Two

text: other

text: national

text: black

text: conventions

text: were

text: formed

text: and

text: in

text: they

text: united

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: Baptist

text: Convention

text: This

text: organization

text: later

text: went

text: through

text: its

text: own

text: changes

text: spinning

text: off

text: other

text: conventions

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: black

text: religious

text: organization

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Baptist

text: organization

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Baptists

text: are

text: numerically

text: most

text: dominant

text: in

text: the

text: Southeast

text: In

text: the

text: Pew

text: Research

text: Center

text: 's

text: Religious

text: Landscape

text: Survey

text: found

text: that

text: of

text: all

text: African

text: Americans

text: identify

text: with

text: Baptist

text: denominations

text: with

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: those

text: being

text: within

text: the

text: historically

text: black

text: tradition

question: When did black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies?

answer: As early as the late 18th century

text: As early as the late 18th century

question: Who separated from white congregations and associations after the war?

answer: freedmen

text: freedmen

question: Who wanted to be free from white submission?

answer: freedmen

text: freedmen

question: What states setup black conventions?

answer: Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky

text: Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky

question: What percentage of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations?

answer: 45%


text: Feynman traveled to Brazil, where he gave courses at the BCPF (Brazilian Center for Physics Research) and near the end of his life schemed to visit the Russian land of Tuva, a dream that, because of Cold War bureaucratic problems, never became reality. The day after he died, a letter arrived for him from the Soviet government, giving him authorization to travel to Tuva. Later Feynman's daughter Michelle would realize this journey. Out of his enthusiastic interest in reaching Tuva came the phrase "Tuva or Bust" (also the title of a book about his efforts to get there), which was tossed about frequently amongst his circle of friends in hope that they, one day, could see it firsthand. The documentary movie, Genghis Blues, mentions some of his attempts to communicate with Tuva and chronicles the successful journey there by his friends. Responding to Hubert Humphrey's congratulation for his Nobel Prize, Feynman admitted to a long admiration for the then vice president.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: Feynman

text: traveled

text: to

text: Brazil

text: where

text: he

text: gave

text: courses

text: at

text: the

text: BCPF

text: Brazilian

text: Center

text: for

text: Physics

text: Research

text: and

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: schemed

text: to

text: visit

text: the

text: Russian

text: land

text: of

text: Tuva

text: a

text: dream

text: that

text: because

text: of

text: Cold

text: War

text: bureaucratic

text: problems

text: never

text: became

text: reality

text: The

text: day

text: after

text: he

text: died

text: a

text: letter

text: arrived

text: for

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

text: giving

text: him

text: authorization

text: to

text: travel

text: to

text: Tuva

text: Later

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Michelle

text: would

text: realize

text: this

text: journey

text: Out

text: of

text: his

text: enthusiastic

text: interest

text: in

text: reaching

text: Tuva

text: came

text: the

text: phrase

text: Tuva

text: or

text: Bust

text: also

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: a

text: book

text: about

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: get

text: there

text: which

text: was

text: tossed

text: about

text: frequently

text: amongst

text: his

text: circle

text: of

text: friends

text: in

text: hope

text: that

text: they

text: one

text: day

text: could

text: see

text: it

text: firsthand

text: The

text: documentary

text: movie

text: Genghis

text: Blues

text: mentions

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: attempts

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: Tuva

text: and

text: chronicles

text: the

text: successful

text: journey

text: there

text: by

text: his

text: friends

text: Responding

text: to

text: Hubert

text: Humphrey

text: 's

text: congratulation

text: for

text: his

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: Feynman

text: admitted

text: to

text: a

text: long

text: admiration

text: for

text: the

text: then

text: vice

text: president

question: Where did Feynman work at in Brazil?

answer: Brazilian Center for Physics Research

text: Brazilian Center for Physics Research

question: Which place in Russia could Feynman not visit, but wished to do so?

answer: Tuva

text: Tuva

question: When was Feynman allowed to go to Tuva?

answer: The day after he died

text: The day after he died

question: What is the name of the film that discusses Feynman's attempt to get to Tuva?

answer: Genghis Blues

text: Genghis Blues

question: Who went to Tuva in Feynman's stead?

answer: Feynman's daughter Michelle

text: Feynman's daughter Michelle


text: Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: 's

text: technology

text: parks

text: with

text: incubator

text: facilities

text: include

text: the

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Park

text: of

text: Crete

text: Heraklion

text: the

text: Thessaloniki

text: Technology

text: Park

text: the

text: Lavrio

text: Technology

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Patras

text: Science

text: Park

text: the

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Park

text: of

text: Epirus

text: Ioannina

text: Greece

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Space

text: Agency

text: ESA

text: since

text: Cooperation

text: between

text: ESA

text: and

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: National

text: Space

text: Committee

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: In

text: Greece

text: and

text: ESA

text: signed

text: their

text: first

text: cooperation

text: agreement

text: Having

text: formally

text: applied

text: for

text: full

text: membership

text: in

text: Greece

text: became

text: the

text: ESA

text: 's

text: sixteenth

text: member

text: on

text: March

text: As

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: ESA

text: Greece

text: participates

text: in

text: the

text: agency

text: 's

text: telecommunication

text: and

text: technology

text: activities

text: and

text: the

text: Global

text: Monitoring

text: for

text: Environment

text: and

text: Security

text: Initiative

question: Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?

answer: European Space Agency (ESA)

text: European Space Agency (ESA)

question: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?

answer: 1994

question: When did /Greece apply for ESA membership?

answer: 2003

question: Greece is ranked as what member of ESA?

answer: sixteenth

text: sixteenth

question: Greece became a full ESA member when?

answer: 16 March 2005

text: 16 March 2005


text: The 2007 gross state product was $44.9 billion, 45th in the nation. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $40,042, ranking 15th in the nation. According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 percent. The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state's revenues derived from petroleum extraction. Alaska's main export product (excluding oil and natural gas) is seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: gross

text: state

text: product

text: was

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Its

text: per

text: capita

text: personal

text: income

text: for

text: was

text: ranking

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: Phoenix

text: Marketing

text: International

text: Alaska

text: had

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: millionaires

text: per

text: capita

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: a

text: ratio

text: of

text: percent

text: The

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: industry

text: dominates

text: the

text: Alaskan

text: economy

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: revenues

text: derived

text: from

text: petroleum

text: extraction

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: main

text: export

text: product

text: excluding

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: is

text: seafood

text: primarily

text: salmon

text: cod

text: Pollock

text: and

text: crab

question: What was the per capita personal income in Alaska in 2007?

answer: $40,042

question: How does Alaska's per capita personal income rank against other states?

answer: 15th in the nation

text: 15th in the nation

question: How much of Alaskan state revenue comes from petroleum extraction?

answer: 80%

question: Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest export?

answer: seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab

text: seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab


text: On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has confirmed the death of "sheik commander" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants. Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the 2002 Mombasa attacks.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: On

text: September

text: U.S.

text: Special

text: Forces

text: killed

text: two

text: men

text: and

text: wounded

text: and

text: captured

text: two

text: others

text: near

text: the

text: Somali

text: village

text: of

text: Baarawe

text: Witnesses

text: claim

text: that

text: helicopters

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: operation

text: launched

text: from

text: French

text: flagged

text: warships

text: but

text: that

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: confirmed

text: A

text: Somali

text: based

text: al

text: Qaida

text: affiliated

text: group

text: the

text: Al

text: Shabaab

text: has

text: confirmed

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: sheik

text: commander

text: Saleh

text: Ali

text: Saleh

text: Nabhan

text: along

text: with

text: an

text: unspecified

text: number

text: of

text: militants

text: Nabhan

text: a

text: Kenyan

text: was

text: wanted

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: Mombasa

text: attacks

question: How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009?

answer: two

text: two

question: Where was the Sep 14, 2009 action?

answer: near the Somali village of Baarawe

text: near the Somali village of Baarawe

question: What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack?

answer: French

text: French

question: What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda?

answer: Al-Shabaab

text: Al-Shabaab

question: What nationality was Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan?

answer: Kenyan

text: Kenyan


text: Throughout her career Madonna has been involved in writing and producing most of her own music. Madonna's early songwriting skill was developed during her time with the Breakfast Club in 1979. According to author Carol Gnojewski, her first attempts at songwriting are perceived as an important self-revelation, as Madonna said: "I don't know where [the songs] came from. It was like magic. I'd write a song every day. I said 'Wow, I was meant to do this'." Mark Kamins, her first producer, believed that Madonna is "a much underrated musician and lyricist." Rolling Stone has named her "an exemplary songwriter with a gift for hooks and indelible lyrics." According to Freya Jarman-Ivens, Madonna's talent for developing "incredible" hooks for her songs allows the lyrics to capture the attention of the audience, even without the influence of the music. As an example, Jarman-Ivens cites the 1985 single "Into the Groove" and its line "Live out your fantasy here with me, just let the music set you free; Touch my body, and move in time, now I know you're mine." Madonna's songwriting are often autobiographical over the years, dealing with various themes from love and relationships to self-respect and female empowerment. Her songs also speak about taboo and unconventional issues of their period, such as sexuality and AIDS on Erotica (1992). Many of her lyrics contain innuendos and double entendre, which lead to multiple interpretations among music critics and scholars. Madonna has been nominated for being inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame twice, for 2014 and 2016 ceremony. Rolling Stone listed Madonna at number 56 on the "100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time".

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Throughout

text: her

text: career

text: Madonna

text: has

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: writing

text: and

text: producing

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: own

text: music

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: early

text: songwriting

text: skill

text: was

text: developed

text: during

text: her

text: time

text: with

text: the

text: Breakfast

text: Club

text: in

text: According

text: to

text: author

text: Carol

text: Gnojewski

text: her

text: first

text: attempts

text: at

text: songwriting

text: are

text: perceived

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: self

text: revelation

text: as

text: Madonna

text: said

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: where

text: the

text: songs

text: came

text: from

text: It

text: was

text: like

text: magic

text: I

text: 'd

text: write

text: a

text: song

text: every

text: day

text: I

text: said

text: Wow

text: I

text: was

text: meant

text: to

text: do

text: this

text: Mark

text: Kamins

text: her

text: first

text: producer

text: believed

text: that

text: Madonna

text: is

text: a

text: much

text: underrated

text: musician

text: and

text: lyricist

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: has

text: named

text: her

text: an

text: exemplary

text: songwriter

text: with

text: a

text: gift

text: for

text: hooks

text: and

text: indelible

text: lyrics

text: According

text: to

text: Freya

text: Jarman

text: Ivens

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: talent

text: for

text: developing

text: incredible

text: hooks

text: for

text: her

text: songs

text: allows

text: the

text: lyrics

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: attention

text: of

text: the

text: audience

text: even

text: without

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: Jarman

text: Ivens

text: cites

text: the

text: single

text: Into

text: the

text: Groove

text: and

text: its

text: line

text: Live

text: out

text: your

text: fantasy

text: here

text: with

text: me

text: just

text: let

text: the

text: music

text: set

text: you

text: free

text: Touch

text: my

text: body

text: and

text: move

text: in

text: time

text: now

text: I

text: know

text: you

text: 're

text: mine

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: songwriting

text: are

text: often

text: autobiographical

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: dealing

text: with

text: various

text: themes

text: from

text: love

text: and

text: relationships

text: to

text: self

text: respect

text: and

text: female

text: empowerment

text: Her

text: songs

text: also

text: speak

text: about

text: taboo

text: and

text: unconventional

text: issues

text: of

text: their

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: sexuality

text: and

text: AIDS

text: on

text: Erotica

text: Many

text: of

text: her

text: lyrics

text: contain

text: innuendos

text: and

text: double

text: entendre

text: which

text: lead

text: to

text: multiple

text: interpretations

text: among

text: music

text: critics

text: and

text: scholars

text: Madonna

text: has

text: been

text: nominated

text: for

text: being

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Songwriters

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: twice

text: for

text: and

text: ceremony

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: listed

text: Madonna

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Songwriters

text: of

text: All

text: Time

question: Who writes and creates most of her own music?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: Who was Madonna's first producer?

answer: Mark Kamins

text: Mark Kamins

question: Whose music speak about taboo and unconventional subjects?

answer: Madonna's

text: Madonna's

question: Madonna was nominated to be inducted twice which year to the Songwriter Hall of Fame?

answer: 2014 and 2016

text: 2014 and 2016

question: Which magazine stated that Madonna was the greatest songwriter of all time?

answer: Rolling Stone

text: Rolling Stone


text: The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to increase the reefs. However, if the increase in sea level occurs at faster rate as compared to coral growth, or if polyp activity is damaged by ocean acidification, then the resilience of the atolls and reef islands is less certain. The 2011 report of Pacific Climate Change Science Program of Australia concludes, in relation to Tuvalu, states the conclusions that over the course of the 21st century:

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: atolls

text: have

text: shown

text: resilience

text: to

text: gradual

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: with

text: atolls

text: and

text: reef

text: islands

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: grow

text: under

text: current

text: climate

text: conditions

text: by

text: generating

text: sufficient

text: sand

text: and

text: coral

text: debris

text: that

text: accumulates

text: and

text: gets

text: dumped

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: during

text: cyclones

text: Gradual

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: also

text: allows

text: for

text: coral

text: polyp

text: activity

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: reefs

text: However

text: if

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: sea

text: level

text: occurs

text: at

text: faster

text: rate

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: coral

text: growth

text: or

text: if

text: polyp

text: activity

text: is

text: damaged

text: by

text: ocean

text: acidification

text: then

text: the

text: resilience

text: of

text: the

text: atolls

text: and

text: reef

text: islands

text: is

text: less

text: certain

text: The

text: report

text: of

text: Pacific

text: Climate

text: Change

text: Science

text: Program

text: of

text: Australia

text: concludes

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: states

text: the

text: conclusions

text: that

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: What have the Tuvalu atolls displayed about sea level rise?

answer: resilience

text: resilience

question: What does gradual sea level rise allow for coral to increase?

answer: reefs

text: reefs

question: What sea level rise rate could cause more uncertainty to the welfare of coral reefs?

answer: faster rate

text: faster rate

question: What condition besides sea level rise can damage coral reefs?

answer: ocean acidification

text: ocean acidification

question: Where does sand and coral debris end up because of the action of cyclones?

answer: on the islands

text: on the islands


text: According to the Sichuan Department of Commerce, the province's total foreign trade was US$22.04 billion in 2008, with an annual increase of 53.3 percent. Exports were US$13.1 billion, an annual increase of 52.3 percent, while imports were US$8.93 billion, an annual increase of 54.7 percent. These achievements were accomplished because of significant changes in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of the yuan's appreciation, increase of commercial incentives and increase in production costs. The 18 cities and counties witnessed a steady rate of increase. Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan all saw an increase of more than 40 percent while Leshan, Neijiang, Luzhou, Meishan, Ziyang, and Yibin saw an increase of more than 20 percent. Foreign trade in Zigong, Panzhihua, Guang'an, Bazhong and Ganzi remained constant.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Department

text: of

text: Commerce

text: the

text: province

text: 's

text: total

text: foreign

text: trade

text: was

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: with

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: Exports

text: were

text: US$

text: billion

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: while

text: imports

text: were

text: US$

text: billion

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: These

text: achievements

text: were

text: accomplished

text: because

text: of

text: significant

text: changes

text: in

text: China

text: 's

text: foreign

text: trade

text: policy

text: acceleration

text: of

text: the

text: yuan

text: 's

text: appreciation

text: increase

text: of

text: commercial

text: incentives

text: and

text: increase

text: in

text: production

text: costs

text: The

text: cities

text: and

text: counties

text: witnessed

text: a

text: steady

text: rate

text: of

text: increase

text: Chengdu

text: Suining

text: Nanchong

text: Dazhou

text: Ya'an

text: Abazhou

text: and

text: Liangshan

text: all

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: while

text: Leshan

text: Neijiang

text: Luzhou

text: Meishan

text: Ziyang

text: and

text: Yibin

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: Foreign

text: trade

text: in

text: Zigong

text: Panzhihua

text: Guang'an

text: Bazhong

text: and

text: Ganzi

text: remained

text: constant

question: By how much did foreign trade increase in Sichuan in 2008?

answer: 53.3 percent

text: 53.3 percent

question: What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008?

answer: US$13.1 billion

text: US$13.1 billion

question: What was the import level of Sichuan in 2008?

answer: US$8.93 billion

text: US$8.93 billion

question: What cities saw an increase in foreign trade of more than 40% in 2008?

answer: Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan

text: Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan


text: Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free:

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Cara

text: Cusumano

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Tribeca

text: Film

text: Festival

text: stated

text: in

text: April

text: Piracy

text: is

text: less

text: about

text: people

text: not

text: wanting

text: to

text: pay

text: and

text: more

text: about

text: just

text: wanting

text: the

text: immediacy

text: people

text: saying

text: I

text: want

text: to

text: watch

text: Spiderman

text: right

text: now

text: and

text: downloading

text: it

text: The

text: statement

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: third

text: year

text: that

text: the

text: festival

text: used

text: the

text: Internet

text: to

text: present

text: its

text: content

text: while

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: that

text: it

text: featured

text: a

text: showcase

text: of

text: content

text: producers

text: who

text: work

text: exclusively

text: online

text: Cusumano

text: further

text: explained

text: that

text: downloading

text: behavior

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: conducted

text: by

text: people

text: who

text: merely

text: want

text: to

text: obtain

text: content

text: for

text: free

question: What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people want?

answer: immediacy

text: immediacy

question: What had the festival done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made?

answer: used the Internet to present its content

text: used the Internet to present its content

question: It was the first year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what?

answer: work exclusively online

text: work exclusively online

question: What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free?

answer: downloading

text: downloading


text: The Aleutian Islands are still home to the Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were the first Native Alaskans to be exploited by Russians. Western and Southwestern Alaska are home to the Yup'ik, while their cousins the Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq lived in what is now Southcentral Alaska. The Gwich'in people of the northern Interior region are Athabaskan and primarily known today for their dependence on the caribou within the much-contested Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The North Slope and Little Diomede Island are occupied by the widespread Inupiat people.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: Aleutian

text: Islands

text: are

text: still

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Aleut

text: people

text: 's

text: seafaring

text: society

text: although

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: Native

text: Alaskans

text: to

text: be

text: exploited

text: by

text: Russians

text: Western

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: Alaska

text: are

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Yup'ik

text: while

text: their

text: cousins

text: the

text: Alutiiq

text: Sugpiaq

text: lived

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Southcentral

text: Alaska

text: The

text: Gwich'in

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Interior

text: region

text: are

text: Athabaskan

text: and

text: primarily

text: known

text: today

text: for

text: their

text: dependence

text: on

text: the

text: caribou

text: within

text: the

text: much

text: contested

text: Arctic

text: National

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: The

text: North

text: Slope

text: and

text: Little

text: Diomede

text: Island

text: are

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: widespread

text: Inupiat

text: people

question: Which indigenous group is controversially known for hunting caribou on protected land?

answer: The Gwich'in people of the northern Interior region

text: The Gwich'in people of the northern Interior region

question: The Inuplat population inhabit what areas?

answer: The North Slope and Little Diomede Island

text: The North Slope and Little Diomede Island

question: Which Alaskan indigenous group was the fist to be exploited by Russians?

answer: Aleut

text: Aleut


text: Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it today came about during the historical process of exploration and conquest which brought Europeans into contact with groups from different continents, and of the ideology of classification and typology found in the natural sciences.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Groups

text: of

text: humans

text: have

text: always

text: identified

text: themselves

text: as

text: distinct

text: from

text: neighboring

text: groups

text: but

text: such

text: differences

text: have

text: not

text: always

text: been

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: natural

text: immutable

text: and

text: global

text: These

text: features

text: are

text: the

text: distinguishing

text: features

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: race

text: is

text: used

text: today

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: race

text: as

text: we

text: understand

text: it

text: today

text: came

text: about

text: during

text: the

text: historical

text: process

text: of

text: exploration

text: and

text: conquest

text: which

text: brought

text: Europeans

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: groups

text: from

text: different

text: continents

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: ideology

text: of

text: classification

text: and

text: typology

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: natural

text: sciences

question: What have human groups always considered themselves as compared to other nearby groups?

answer: distinct

text: distinct

question: During which process did our current idea of race come about?

answer: exploration and conquest

text: exploration and conquest

question: Where did Europeans come into contact with other groups?

answer: different continents

text: different continents

question: What have differences among groups not typically been perceived as being?

answer: natural, immutable and global

text: natural, immutable and global

question: What ideaology is found in the natural sciences?

answer: classification and typology

text: classification and typology


text: On December 19, 2006, ESPN announced the purchase of a minority stake in the AFL. This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks. ESPN would televise a minimum of 17 regular season games, most on Monday nights, and nine playoff games, including ArenaBowl XXI on ABC. The deal resulted in added exposure on ESPN's SportsCenter. However, after the original AFL filed for bankruptcy, this arrangement did not carry over to the new AFL, which is a separate legal entity.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: December

text: ESPN

text: announced

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: a

text: minority

text: stake

text: in

text: the

text: AFL

text: This

text: deal

text: included

text: television

text: rights

text: for

text: the

text: ESPN

text: family

text: of

text: networks

text: ESPN

text: would

text: televise

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: regular

text: season

text: games

text: most

text: on

text: Monday

text: nights

text: and

text: nine

text: playoff

text: games

text: including

text: ArenaBowl

text: XXI

text: on

text: ABC

text: The

text: deal

text: resulted

text: in

text: added

text: exposure

text: on

text: ESPN

text: 's

text: SportsCenter

text: However

text: after

text: the

text: original

text: AFL

text: filed

text: for

text: bankruptcy

text: this

text: arrangement

text: did

text: not

text: carry

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: AFL

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: separate

text: legal

text: entity

question: On what date did ESPN buy a minority share of the AFL?

answer: December 19, 2006

text: December 19, 2006

question: At minimum, how many regular season games did the AFL agree to broadcast?

answer: 17

question: On what day would most of the games televised on the ESPN networks be played?

answer: Monday

text: Monday

question: What network broadcast ArenaBowl XXI?

answer: ABC

text: ABC

question: Under the deal, how many AFL playoff games did ESPN broadcast each year?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only with the consent of the sejmiks, and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses. The Nieszawa Statutes also curbed the power of the magnates, as the Sejm (national parliament) received the right to elect many officials, including judges, voivods and castellans. These privileges were demanded by the szlachta as a compensation for their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: King

text: Casimir

text: IV

text: granted

text: the

text: Nieszawa

text: Statutes

text: Polish

text: statuty

text: cerkwicko

text: nieszawskie

text: clarifying

text: the

text: legal

text: basis

text: of

text: voivodship

text: sejmiks

text: local

text: parliaments

text: The

text: king

text: could

text: promulgate

text: new

text: laws

text: raise

text: taxes

text: or

text: call

text: for

text: a

text: levée

text: en

text: masse

text: pospolite

text: ruszenie

text: only

text: with

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: sejmiks

text: and

text: the

text: nobility

text: were

text: protected

text: from

text: judicial

text: abuses

text: The

text: Nieszawa

text: Statutes

text: also

text: curbed

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: magnates

text: as

text: the

text: Sejm

text: national

text: parliament

text: received

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: elect

text: many

text: officials

text: including

text: judges

text: voivods

text: and

text: castellans

text: These

text: privileges

text: were

text: demanded

text: by

text: the

text: szlachta

text: as

text: a

text: compensation

text: for

text: their

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Years

text: War

question: When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?

answer: 1454

question: What did the Nieszawa statues clarify?

answer: the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks

text: the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks

question: THe nobility was protected from what?

answer: judicial abuses

text: judicial abuses

question: Whos power was curbed?

answer: magnates

text: magnates

question: Why did the szlachta demand privileges?

answer: their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.

text: their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.


text: By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, "[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful." Alexander, on the other hand, was "very plain".

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: By

text: the

text: Duchess

text: 's

text: brother

text: Leopold

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Belgians

text: since

text: hoped

text: to

text: marry

text: his

text: niece

text: to

text: his

text: nephew

text: Prince

text: Albert

text: of

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: and

text: Gotha

text: Leopold

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: mother

text: and

text: Albert

text: 's

text: father

text: Ernest

text: I

text: Duke

text: of

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: and

text: Gotha

text: were

text: siblings

text: Leopold

text: arranged

text: for

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: mother

text: to

text: invite

text: her

text: Coburg

text: relatives

text: to

text: visit

text: her

text: in

text: May

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: introducing

text: Victoria

text: to

text: Albert

text: William

text: IV

text: however

text: disapproved

text: of

text: any

text: match

text: with

text: the

text: Coburgs

text: and

text: instead

text: favoured

text: the

text: suit

text: of

text: Prince

text: Alexander

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Orange

text: Victoria

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: matrimonial

text: plans

text: and

text: critically

text: appraised

text: a

text: parade

text: of

text: eligible

text: princes

text: According

text: to

text: her

text: diary

text: she

text: enjoyed

text: Albert

text: 's

text: company

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: After

text: the

text: visit

text: she

text: wrote

text: Albert

text: is

text: extremely

text: handsome

text: his

text: hair

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: colour

text: as

text: mine

text: his

text: eyes

text: are

text: large

text: and

text: blue

text: and

text: he

text: has

text: a

text: beautiful

text: nose

text: and

text: a

text: very

text: sweet

text: mouth

text: with

text: fine

text: teeth

text: but

text: the

text: charm

text: of

text: his

text: countenance

text: is

text: his

text: expression

text: which

text: is

text: most

text: delightful

text: Alexander

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: was

text: very

text: plain

question: The Dutchesses brother Leopold was the King of what country?

answer: the Belgians

text: the Belgians

question: What year did Leopold become King of the Belgians?

answer: 1831

question: Who was the nephew of leopold?

answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

text: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

question: Who was Alberts father?

answer: Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

text: Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

question: How did Victoria describe the physical appearance of Alexander?

answer: very plain

text: very plain

question: Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert?

answer: William IV

text: William IV

question: Who was the man William IV wanted Victoria to wed instead?

answer: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands

text: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands

question: Prince Alexander was the second son of whom?

answer: Prince of Orange

text: Prince of Orange

question: What did Victoria think of her suiter, the Prince Alexander of Orange?

answer: very plain

text: very plain

question: How did Victoria feel about Albert?

answer: enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning

text: enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning

question: Who wanted to see Victoria and Albert marry?

answer: the Duchess's brother, Leopold

text: the Duchess's brother, Leopold

question: Who opposed Victoria marrying Albert, or any Coburg?

answer: William IV

text: William IV

question: Who did William IV feel was a suitable husband for Victoria?

answer: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands

text: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands


text: The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck planned to provoke a French attack in order to draw the southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: or

text: Franco

text: German

text: War

text: German

text: Deutsch

text: Französischer

text: Krieg

text: lit

text: German

text: French

text: War

text: French

text: Guerre

text: franco

text: allemande

text: lit

text: Franco

text: German

text: War

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: France

text: as

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: July

text: May

text: was

text: a

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: Second

text: French

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: German

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: The

text: conflict

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: Prussian

text: ambitions

text: to

text: extend

text: German

text: unification

text: Some

text: historians

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: Prussian

text: chancellor

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: planned

text: to

text: provoke

text: a

text: French

text: attack

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: draw

text: the

text: southern

text: German

text: states

text: Baden

text: Württemberg

text: Bavaria

text: and

text: Hesse

text: Darmstadt

text: into

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

text: dominated

text: by

text: Prussia

text: while

text: others

text: contend

text: that

text: Bismarck

text: did

text: not

text: plan

text: anything

text: and

text: merely

text: exploited

text: the

text: circumstances

text: as

text: they

text: unfolded

question: What is the Franco-Prussian War also known as?

answer: Franco-German War

text: Franco-German War

question: What was the war often referred to in France as?

answer: the War of 1870

text: the War of 1870

question: In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation?

answer: the Kingdom of Prussia

text: the Kingdom of Prussia

question: Whose ambitions are credited with causing the conflict?

answer: Prussian ambitions

text: Prussian ambitions

question: Which Prussian chancellor's motives in the conflict are still disputed?

answer: Otto von Bismarck

text: Otto von Bismarck


text: As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of contiguity, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli agreed. On 1 February, the United Arab Republic (UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in "stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria." Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: As

text: political

text: instability

text: grew

text: in

text: Syria

text: delegations

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: Nasser

text: demanding

text: immediate

text: unification

text: with

text: Egypt

text: Nasser

text: initially

text: turned

text: down

text: the

text: request

text: citing

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: incompatible

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: systems

text: lack

text: of

text: contiguity

text: the

text: Syrian

text: military

text: 's

text: record

text: of

text: intervention

text: in

text: politics

text: and

text: the

text: deep

text: factionalism

text: among

text: Syria

text: 's

text: political

text: forces

text: However

text: in

text: January

text: a

text: second

text: Syrian

text: delegation

text: managed

text: to

text: convince

text: Nasser

text: of

text: an

text: impending

text: communist

text: takeover

text: and

text: a

text: consequent

text: slide

text: to

text: civil

text: strife

text: Nasser

text: subsequently

text: opted

text: for

text: union

text: albeit

text: on

text: the

text: condition

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: total

text: political

text: merger

text: with

text: him

text: as

text: its

text: president

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: delegates

text: and

text: Syrian

text: president

text: Shukri

text: al

text: Quwatli

text: agreed

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: UAR

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Dawisha

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: reacted

text: in

text: stunned

text: amazement

text: which

text: quickly

text: turned

text: into

text: uncontrolled

text: euphoria

text: Nasser

text: ordered

text: a

text: crackdown

text: against

text: Syrian

text: communists

text: dismissing

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: from

text: their

text: governmental

text: posts

question: What country wanted to join with Egypt?

answer: Syria

text: Syria

question: What Syrian group did Nasser crack down on?

answer: communists

text: communists

question: What was the Egyptian-Syrian alliance called?

answer: United Arab Republic

text: United Arab Republic

question: What year was the UAR formed?

answer: 1958


text: Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Yugoslavia

text: had

text: a

text: liberal

text: travel

text: policy

text: permitting

text: foreigners

text: to

text: freely

text: travel

text: through

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: its

text: citizens

text: to

text: travel

text: worldwide

text: whereas

text: it

text: was

text: limited

text: by

text: most

text: Communist

text: countries

text: A

text: number[quantify

text: of

text: Yugoslav

text: citizens

text: worked

text: throughout

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Tito

text: met

text: many

text: world

text: leaders

text: during

text: his

text: rule

text: such

text: as

text: Soviet

text: rulers

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: and

text: Leonid

text: Brezhnev

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: Indian

text: politicians

text: Jawaharlal

text: Nehru

text: and

text: Indira

text: Gandhi

text: British

text: Prime

text: Ministers

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: James

text: Callaghan

text: and

text: Margaret

text: Thatcher

text: U.S.

text: Presidents

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: Richard

text: Nixon

text: Gerald

text: Ford

text: and

text: Jimmy

text: Carter

text: other

text: political

text: leaders

text: dignitaries

text: and

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: that

text: Tito

text: met

text: at

text: least

text: once

text: in

text: his

text: lifetime

text: included

text: Che

text: Guevara

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: Yasser

text: Arafat

text: Willy

text: Brandt

text: Helmut

text: Schmidt

text: Georges

text: Pompidou

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: Hua

text: Guofeng

text: Kim

text: Il

text: Sung

text: Sukarno

text: Sheikh

text: Mujibur

text: Rahman

text: Suharto

text: Idi

text: Amin

text: Haile

text: Selassie

text: Kenneth

text: Kaunda

text: Gaddafi

text: Erich

text: Honecker

text: Nicolae

text: Ceaușescu

text: János

text: Kádár

text: and

text: Urho

text: Kekkonen

text: He

text: also

text: met

text: numerous

text: celebrities

question: Nasser was a leader of what country?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: Nehru was a leader of what country?

answer: Indian

text: Indian

question: Gandhi was a leader of what country?

answer: Indian

text: Indian

question: Eisenhower was a president of what country?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: Nixon was a president of what country?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.


text: Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive criteria," and therefore judges do not have discretion to decide that laws fail to satisfy such unwritten and vague criteria. Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks disagrees, writing that Cicero, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and the framers of the U.S. Constitution believed that an unjust law was not really a law at all.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: Scholars

text: continue

text: to

text: debate

text: whether

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: adopted

text: a

text: particular

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: if

text: so

text: which

text: one

text: For

text: example

text: John

text: Harrison

text: asserts

text: that

text: the

text: word

text: law

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: is

text: simply

text: defined

text: as

text: that

text: which

text: is

text: legally

text: binding

text: rather

text: than

text: being

text: defined

text: by

text: formal

text: or

text: substantive

text: criteria

text: and

text: therefore

text: judges

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: discretion

text: to

text: decide

text: that

text: laws

text: fail

text: to

text: satisfy

text: such

text: unwritten

text: and

text: vague

text: criteria

text: Law

text: Professor

text: Frederick

text: Mark

text: Gedicks

text: disagrees

text: writing

text: that

text: Cicero

text: Augustine

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: and

text: the

text: framers

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: believed

text: that

text: an

text: unjust

text: law

text: was

text: not

text: really

text: a

text: law

text: at

text: all

question: Who disagrees with the ideas proposed by John Harrison?

answer: Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks

text: Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks

question: For what body of principles is it debated whether or not it was constructed according to the rule of law?

answer: U.S. Constitution

text: U.S. Constitution

question: According to John Harrison, through the Constitution, what is law?

answer: that which is legally binding

text: that which is legally binding

question: According to Frederick Mark Gedicks, who believed that unjust laws were not really laws?

answer: the framers of the U.S. Constitution

text: the framers of the U.S. Constitution


text: Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military. It was strongly supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic advantages of a common market to prosper. However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Faced

text: with

text: growing

text: separatism

text: Gorbachev

text: sought

text: to

text: restructure

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: into

text: a

text: less

text: centralized

text: state

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: was

text: scheduled

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: New

text: Union

text: Treaty

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: converted

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: into

text: a

text: federation

text: of

text: independent

text: republics

text: with

text: a

text: common

text: president

text: foreign

text: policy

text: and

text: military

text: It

text: was

text: strongly

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: Central

text: Asian

text: republics

text: which

text: needed

text: the

text: economic

text: advantages

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: market

text: to

text: prosper

text: However

text: it

text: would

text: have

text: meant

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: continued

text: Communist

text: Party

text: control

text: over

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: life

question: What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What was supposed to be signed on August 20?

answer: New Union Treaty

text: New Union Treaty

question: Who supported the treaty?

answer: Central Asian republics,

text: Central Asian republics,

question: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?

answer: Communist Party

text: Communist Party


text: The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: team

text: played

text: its

text: first

text: games

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: eventually

text: becoming

text: known

text: officially

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: Officially

text: the

text: Cubs

text: are

text: tied

text: for

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: the

text: oldest

text: currently

text: active

text: U.S.

text: professional

text: sports

text: club

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Braves

text: which

text: also

text: began

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: NL

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Stockings

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: does

text: not

text: officially

text: recognize

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Professional

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Players

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: league

question: When did the Chicago Cubs play their first game?

answer: 1876

question: What year did the Chicago Cubs' name become official?

answer: 1903 season

text: 1903 season

question: What other team besides the Chicago Cubs is tied for being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club?

answer: Atlanta Braves

text: Atlanta Braves


text: The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda (NAVFAC Bermuda), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: original

text: NAS

text: Bermuda

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: a

text: seaplane

text: base

text: until

text: the

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Naval

text: Air

text: Station

text: Bermuda

text: Annex

text: It

text: provided

text: optional

text: anchorage

text: and/or

text: dockage

text: facilities

text: for

text: transiting

text: US

text: Navy

text: US

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: and

text: NATO

text: vessels

text: depending

text: on

text: size

text: An

text: additional

text: US

text: Navy

text: compound

text: known

text: as

text: Naval

text: Facility

text: Bermuda

text: NAVFAC

text: Bermuda

text: a

text: SOSUS

text: station

text: was

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Annex

text: near

text: a

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: communications

text: facility

text: Although

text: leased

text: for

text: years

text: US

text: forces

text: withdrew

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: wave

text: of

text: base

text: closures

text: following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

question: What was the NAS primarily a base for?

answer: seaplane

text: seaplane

question: What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?

answer: anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels

text: anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels

question: What is located west of the NAS Annex?

answer: additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda

text: additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda

question: What happened at the end of the Cold War?

answer: US forces withdrew

text: US forces withdrew


text: The Song dynasty reëstablished unity around 960. Under the Song, the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China. After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an. Renowned for its prosperity and beauty, it may have been the largest city in the world at the time. From then on, north Zhejiang and neighboring south Jiangsu have been synonymous with luxury and opulence in Chinese culture. The Mongol conquest and the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1279 ended Hangzhou's political clout, but its economy continued to prosper. Marco Polo visited the city, which he called "Kinsay" (after the Chinese Jingshi, meaning "Capital City") claiming it was "the finest and noblest city in the world".

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: The

text: Song

text: dynasty

text: reëstablished

text: unity

text: around

text: Under

text: the

text: Song

text: the

text: prosperity

text: of

text: South

text: China

text: began

text: to

text: overtake

text: that

text: of

text: North

text: China

text: After

text: the

text: north

text: was

text: lost

text: to

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: Jingkang

text: Incident

text: Hangzhou

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Song

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Lin'an

text: Renowned

text: for

text: its

text: prosperity

text: and

text: beauty

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: From

text: then

text: on

text: north

text: Zhejiang

text: and

text: neighboring

text: south

text: Jiangsu

text: have

text: been

text: synonymous

text: with

text: luxury

text: and

text: opulence

text: in

text: Chinese

text: culture

text: The

text: Mongol

text: conquest

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: in

text: ended

text: Hangzhou

text: 's

text: political

text: clout

text: but

text: its

text: economy

text: continued

text: to

text: prosper

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: visited

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: Kinsay

text: after

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Jingshi

text: meaning

text: Capital

text: City

text: claiming

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: finest

text: and

text: noblest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: When did the Song dynasty reestablish unity around?

answer: 960

question: When was the North lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty?

answer: 1127

question: What was Hangzhou known as while the capitol of the Southern Song?

answer: Lin'an

text: Lin'an

question: When was the Yuan dynasty established?

answer: Lin'an

text: Lin'an

question: What did Marco Polo call Lin'an when he visited it?

answer: Kinsay

text: Kinsay


text: Medieval Cholas rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century C.E. and established the greatest empire South India had seen. They successfully united the South India under their rule and through their naval strength extended their influence in the Southeast Asian countries such as Srivijaya. Under Rajaraja Chola I and his successors Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola and Kulothunga Chola I the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. Rajendra Chola I's navies went even further, occupying the sea coasts from Burma to Vietnam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) islands, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia and the Pegu islands. The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China. They dominated the political affairs of Sri Lanka for over two centuries through repeated invasions and occupation. They also had continuing trade contacts with the Arabs in the west and with the Chinese empire in the east. Rajaraja Chola I and his equally distinguished son Rajendra Chola I gave political unity to the whole of Southern India and established the Chola Empire as a respected sea power. Under the Cholas, the South India reached new heights of excellence in art, religion and literature. In all of these spheres, the Chola period marked the culmination of movements that had begun in an earlier age under the Pallavas. Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Medieval

text: Cholas

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: during

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: C.E.

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: greatest

text: empire

text: South

text: India

text: had

text: seen

text: They

text: successfully

text: united

text: the

text: South

text: India

text: under

text: their

text: rule

text: and

text: through

text: their

text: naval

text: strength

text: extended

text: their

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Srivijaya

text: Under

text: Rajaraja

text: Chola

text: I

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: Rajendra

text: Chola

text: I

text: Rajadhiraja

text: Chola

text: Virarajendra

text: Chola

text: and

text: Kulothunga

text: Chola

text: I

text: the

text: dynasty

text: became

text: a

text: military

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: power

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: Rajendra

text: Chola

text: I

text: 's

text: navies

text: went

text: even

text: further

text: occupying

text: the

text: sea

text: coasts

text: from

text: Burma

text: to

text: Vietnam

text: the

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: the

text: Lakshadweep

text: Laccadive

text: islands

text: Sumatra

text: and

text: the

text: Malay

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Pegu

text: islands

text: The

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: empire

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: expedition

text: to

text: the

text: Ganges

text: which

text: Rajendra

text: Chola

text: I

text: undertook

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: occupation

text: of

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: maritime

text: empire

text: of

text: Srivijaya

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: by

text: the

text: repeated

text: embassies

text: to

text: China

text: They

text: dominated

text: the

text: political

text: affairs

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: for

text: over

text: two

text: centuries

text: through

text: repeated

text: invasions

text: and

text: occupation

text: They

text: also

text: had

text: continuing

text: trade

text: contacts

text: with

text: the

text: Arabs

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Chinese

text: empire

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Rajaraja

text: Chola

text: I

text: and

text: his

text: equally

text: distinguished

text: son

text: Rajendra

text: Chola

text: I

text: gave

text: political

text: unity

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Southern

text: India

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Chola

text: Empire

text: as

text: a

text: respected

text: sea

text: power

text: Under

text: the

text: Cholas

text: the

text: South

text: India

text: reached

text: new

text: heights

text: of

text: excellence

text: in

text: art

text: religion

text: and

text: literature

text: In

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: spheres

text: the

text: Chola

text: period

text: marked

text: the

text: culmination

text: of

text: movements

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: an

text: earlier

text: age

text: under

text: the

text: Pallavas

text: Monumental

text: architecture

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: majestic

text: temples

text: and

text: sculpture

text: in

text: stone

text: and

text: bronze

text: reached

text: a

text: finesse

text: never

text: before

text: achieved

text: in

text: India

question: What area did the Cholas unite in the 9th century?

answer: South India

text: South India

question: What kind of power did the Chola dynasty become in south India?

answer: military, economic and cultural

text: military, economic and cultural

question: In what area did the Chola Empire establish political unity?

answer: whole of Southern India

text: whole of Southern India

question: In what type of architecture did the Cholas excel?

answer: Monumental

text: Monumental

question: From their contacts and conquests in surrounding sea areas, what did this establish the Chola empire as?

answer: sea power

text: sea power


text: During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or South the Ubanqui and Congo rivers. In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast. During the 18th century Bandia-Nzakara peoples established the Bangassou Kingdom along the Ubangi River.

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: slave

text: traders

text: began

text: to

text: raid

text: the

text: region

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Saharan

text: and

text: Nile

text: River

text: slave

text: routes

text: Their

text: captives

text: were

text: slaved

text: and

text: shipped

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: Europe

text: Arabia

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: slave

text: ports

text: and

text: factories

text: along

text: the

text: West

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: South

text: the

text: Ubanqui

text: and

text: Congo

text: rivers

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: the

text: Bobangi

text: people

text: became

text: major

text: slave

text: traders

text: and

text: sold

text: their

text: captives

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: using

text: the

text: Ubangi

text: river

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: coast

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: Bandia

text: Nzakara

text: peoples

text: established

text: the

text: Bangassou

text: Kingdom

text: along

text: the

text: Ubangi

text: River

question: When did the slave trade hit the CAR region?

answer: 16th and 17th centuries

text: 16th and 17th centuries

question: What is one area where captive slaves were sent?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: Which people were major slave traders in the 19th century?

answer: Bobangi people

text: Bobangi people

question: Who did the Bobangi sell slave to?

answer: the Americas

text: the Americas

question: What river saw the establishment of a new Kingdom?

answer: Ubangi River

text: Ubangi River


text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2015, Tennessee had an estimated population of 6,600,299, which is an increase of 50,947, from the prior year and an increase of 254,194, or 4.01%, since the year 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 142,266 people (that is 493,881 births minus 351,615 deaths), and an increase from net migration of 219,551 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 59,385 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 160,166 people. Twenty percent of Tennesseans were born outside the South in 2008, compared to a figure of 13.5% in 1990.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: as

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: from

text: the

text: prior

text: year

text: and

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: or

text: since

text: the

text: year

text: This

text: includes

text: a

text: natural

text: increase

text: since

text: the

text: last

text: census

text: of

text: people

text: that

text: is

text: births

text: minus

text: deaths

text: and

text: an

text: increase

text: from

text: net

text: migration

text: of

text: people

text: into

text: the

text: state

text: Immigration

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: net

text: increase

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: migration

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: produced

text: a

text: net

text: increase

text: of

text: people

text: Twenty

text: percent

text: of

text: Tennesseans

text: were

text: born

text: outside

text: the

text: South

text: in

text: compared

text: to

text: a

text: figure

text: of

text: in

question: What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015?

answer: 6,600,299

question: What percentage population increase did Tennessee experience between 2010 and 2015?

answer: 4.01%

question: How much of Tennessee's population increase between 2010 and 2015 was due to migration?

answer: 219,551

question: In 2008, what percentage of Tennessee residents were born outside the South?

answer: Twenty percent

text: Twenty percent

question: What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country?

answer: 59,385


text: Pesticide use raises a number of environmental concerns. Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil. Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination.

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: Pesticide

text: use

text: raises

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: environmental

text: concerns

text: Over

text: of

text: sprayed

text: insecticides

text: and

text: of

text: herbicides

text: reach

text: a

text: destination

text: other

text: than

text: their

text: target

text: species

text: including

text: non

text: target

text: species

text: air

text: water

text: and

text: soil

text: Pesticide

text: drift

text: occurs

text: when

text: pesticides

text: suspended

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: as

text: particles

text: are

text: carried

text: by

text: wind

text: to

text: other

text: areas

text: potentially

text: contaminating

text: them

text: Pesticides

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: water

text: pollution

text: and

text: some

text: pesticides

text: are

text: persistent

text: organic

text: pollutants

text: and

text: contribute

text: to

text: soil

text: contamination

question: What pecentage of sprayed pesticides affect the wrong species?

answer: Over 98%

text: Over 98%

question: What is affected when pesticides don't reach their target?

answer: non-target species, air, water and soil

text: non-target species, air, water and soil

question: What is it called when pesticides are caught in the wind and carried to unintended areas?

answer: Pesticide drift

text: Pesticide drift

question: Pesticides contribute to what sort of pollution?

answer: water pollution

text: water pollution

question: What is the effect of pesticide drift?

answer: potentially contaminating

text: potentially contaminating