text: The next to arrive were the Dutch, with their main base in Ceylon. The British—who set up a trading post in the west coast port of Surat in 1619—and the French. The internal conflicts among Indian kingdoms gave opportunities to the European traders to gradually establish political influence and appropriate lands. Although these continental European powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British islanders, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondichéry and Chandernagore, the Dutch port of Travancore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu.[citation needed]

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: next

text: to

text: arrive

text: were

text: the

text: Dutch

text: with

text: their

text: main

text: base

text: in

text: Ceylon

text: The

text: British

text: who

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: trading

text: post

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: port

text: of

text: Surat

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: The

text: internal

text: conflicts

text: among

text: Indian

text: kingdoms

text: gave

text: opportunities

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: traders

text: to

text: gradually

text: establish

text: political

text: influence

text: and

text: appropriate

text: lands

text: Although

text: these

text: continental

text: European

text: powers

text: controlled

text: various

text: coastal

text: regions

text: of

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: India

text: during

text: the

text: ensuing

text: century

text: they

text: eventually

text: lost

text: all

text: their

text: territories

text: in

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: islanders

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: outposts

text: of

text: Pondichéry

text: and

text: Chandernagore

text: the

text: Dutch

text: port

text: of

text: Travancore

text: and

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: colonies

text: of

text: Goa

text: Daman

text: and

text: Diu.[citation

text: needed

question: In what country was the trading base for the Dutch?

answer: Ceylon

text: Ceylon

question: Where did the British initially establish a trading base?

answer: port of Surat

text: port of Surat

question: What was the third European country to establish trading with India?

answer: French

text: French

question: What actions by the Indian kingdoms gave the European traders the opportunity to acquire lands and influence?

answer: internal conflicts

text: internal conflicts

question: To whom did the foreigners lose most of their acquired lands?

answer: British

text: British


text: Historically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball computer); an often quoted example.[citation needed] More realistically, modern computers are made out of transistors made of photolithographed semiconductors.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Historically

text: computers

text: evolved

text: from

text: mechanical

text: computers

text: and

text: eventually

text: from

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: to

text: transistors

text: However

text: conceptually

text: computational

text: systems

text: as

text: flexible

text: as

text: a

text: personal

text: computer

text: can

text: be

text: built

text: out

text: of

text: almost

text: anything

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: computer

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: billiard

text: balls

text: billiard

text: ball

text: computer

text: an

text: often

text: quoted

text: example.[citation

text: needed

text: More

text: realistically

text: modern

text: computers

text: are

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: transistors

text: made

text: of

text: photolithographed

text: semiconductors

question: Vacuum tubes in early computers were replaced by what?

answer: transistors

text: transistors

question: Transistors are typically made up of what today?

answer: photolithographed semiconductors

text: photolithographed semiconductors

question: A computer that is made using pool balls is known as what?

answer: billiard ball computer)

text: billiard ball computer)


text: Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: drugs

text: were

text: generally

text: produced

text: by

text: small

text: scale

text: manufacturers

text: with

text: little

text: regulatory

text: control

text: over

text: manufacturing

text: or

text: claims

text: of

text: safety

text: and

text: efficacy

text: To

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: such

text: laws

text: did

text: exist

text: enforcement

text: was

text: lax

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: increased

text: regulation

text: of

text: vaccines

text: and

text: other

text: biological

text: drugs

text: was

text: spurred

text: by

text: tetanus

text: outbreaks

text: and

text: deaths

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: contaminated

text: smallpox

text: vaccine

text: and

text: diphtheria

text: antitoxin

text: The

text: Biologics

text: Control

text: Act

text: of

text: required

text: that

text: federal

text: government

text: grant

text: premarket

text: approval

text: for

text: every

text: biological

text: drug

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: facility

text: producing

text: such

text: drugs

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Pure

text: Food

text: and

text: Drugs

text: Act

text: which

text: forbade

text: the

text: interstate

text: distribution

text: of

text: adulterated

text: or

text: misbranded

text: foods

text: and

text: drugs

text: A

text: drug

text: was

text: considered

text: misbranded

text: if

text: it

text: contained

text: alcohol

text: morphine

text: opium

text: cocaine

text: or

text: any

text: of

text: several

text: other

text: potentially

text: dangerous

text: or

text: addictive

text: drugs

text: and

text: if

text: its

text: label

text: failed

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: quantity

text: or

text: proportion

text: of

text: such

text: drugs

text: The

text: government

text: 's

text: attempts

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: law

text: to

text: prosecute

text: manufacturers

text: for

text: making

text: unsupported

text: claims

text: of

text: efficacy

text: were

text: undercut

text: by

text: a

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruling

text: restricting

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: 's

text: enforcement

text: powers

text: to

text: cases

text: of

text: incorrect

text: specification

text: of

text: the

text: drug

text: 's

text: ingredients

question: What Act forbade misbranded drugs?

answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act

text: Pure Food and Drugs Act

question: What caused a Tetanus outbreak?

answer: contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin

text: contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin

question: What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?

answer: The Biologics Control Act of 1902

text: The Biologics Control Act of 1902

question: When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented?

answer: 1906

question: Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?

answer: Supreme Court

text: Supreme Court

question: What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs?

answer: Biologics Control Act of 1902

text: Biologics Control Act of 1902

question: What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs?

answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act

text: Pure Food and Drugs Act

question: In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?

answer: 1906


text: Since the mid-1980s, Spielberg has increased his role as a film producer. He headed up the production team for several cartoons, including the Warner Bros. hits Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!, for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger. Due to his work on these series, in the official titles, most of them say, "Steven Spielberg presents" as well as making numerous cameos on the shows. Spielberg also produced the Don Bluth animated features, An American Tail and The Land Before Time, which were released by Universal Studios. He also served as one of the executive producers of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and its three related shorts (Tummy Trouble, Roller Coaster Rabbit, Trail Mix-Up), which were all released by Disney, under both the Walt Disney Pictures and the Touchstone Pictures banners. He was furthermore, for a short time, the executive producer of the long-running medical drama ER. In 1989, he brought the concept of The Dig to LucasArts. He contributed to the project from that time until 1995 when the game was released. He also collaborated with software publishers Knowledge Adventure on the multimedia game Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair, which was released in 1996. Spielberg appears, as himself, in the game to direct the player. The Spielberg name provided branding for a Lego Moviemaker kit, the proceeds of which went to the Starbright Foundation.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Since

text: the

text: Spielberg

text: has

text: increased

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: film

text: producer

text: He

text: headed

text: up

text: the

text: production

text: team

text: for

text: several

text: cartoons

text: including

text: the

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: hits

text: Tiny

text: Toon

text: Adventures

text: Animaniacs

text: Pinky

text: and

text: the

text: Brain

text: Toonsylvania

text: and

text: Freakazoid

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Jean

text: MacCurdy

text: and

text: Tom

text: Ruegger

text: Due

text: to

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: these

text: series

text: in

text: the

text: official

text: titles

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: say

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: presents

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: making

text: numerous

text: cameos

text: on

text: the

text: shows

text: Spielberg

text: also

text: produced

text: the

text: Don

text: Bluth

text: animated

text: features

text: An

text: American

text: Tail

text: and

text: The

text: Land

text: Before

text: Time

text: which

text: were

text: released

text: by

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: He

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: producers

text: of

text: Who

text: Framed

text: Roger

text: Rabbit

text: and

text: its

text: three

text: related

text: shorts

text: Tummy

text: Trouble

text: Roller

text: Coaster

text: Rabbit

text: Trail

text: Mix

text: Up

text: which

text: were

text: all

text: released

text: by

text: Disney

text: under

text: both

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Pictures

text: and

text: the

text: Touchstone

text: Pictures

text: banners

text: He

text: was

text: furthermore

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: the

text: executive

text: producer

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: running

text: medical

text: drama

text: ER

text: In

text: he

text: brought

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: The

text: Dig

text: to

text: LucasArts

text: He

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: project

text: from

text: that

text: time

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: released

text: He

text: also

text: collaborated

text: with

text: software

text: publishers

text: Knowledge

text: Adventure

text: on

text: the

text: multimedia

text: game

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: Director

text: 's

text: Chair

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Spielberg

text: appears

text: as

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: to

text: direct

text: the

text: player

text: The

text: Spielberg

text: name

text: provided

text: branding

text: for

text: a

text: Lego

text: Moviemaker

text: kit

text: the

text: proceeds

text: of

text: which

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: Starbright

text: Foundation

question: Which Warner Bros. cartoons did Spielberg produce?

answer: Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!

text: Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!

question: What films did Spielberg produce for Don Bluth?

answer: An American Tail and The Land Before Time

text: An American Tail and The Land Before Time

question: What video game did Spielberg come up with the concept for?

answer: The Dig

text: The Dig

question: When was 'The Dig' released?

answer: 1995

question: What charity did Spielberg's 'Lego Moviemaker' kit fund?

answer: Starbright Foundation

text: Starbright Foundation


text: There has also been an increase of yuppie, bohemian, and hipster types particularly around Center City, the neighborhood of Northern Liberties, and in the neighborhoods around the city's universities, such as near Temple in North Philadelphia and particularly near Drexel and University of Pennsylvania in West Philadelphia. Philadelphia is also home to a significant gay and lesbian population. Philadelphia's Gayborhood, which is located near Washington Square, is home to a large concentration of gay and lesbian friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: There

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: yuppie

text: bohemian

text: and

text: hipster

text: types

text: particularly

text: around

text: Center

text: City

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Northern

text: Liberties

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: neighborhoods

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: universities

text: such

text: as

text: near

text: Temple

text: in

text: North

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: particularly

text: near

text: Drexel

text: and

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: in

text: West

text: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: significant

text: gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: population

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: Gayborhood

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: Washington

text: Square

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: concentration

text: of

text: gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: friendly

text: businesses

text: restaurants

text: and

text: bars

question: Name three sub-cultures in the Center City?

answer: yuppie, bohemian, and hipster

text: yuppie, bohemian, and hipster

question: What is the name of the gay district?

answer: Gayborhood

text: Gayborhood

question: Name a University located in the city?

answer: Drexel and University of Pennsylvania

text: Drexel and University of Pennsylvania


text: The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For example, the pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus migrates from Iceland to Britain and neighbouring countries, whilst the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis migrates from subarctic and arctic climates to the contiguous United States and the American goldfinch from taiga to wintering grounds extending from the American South northwestward to Western Oregon. Migratory routes and wintering grounds are traditional and learned by young during their first migration with their parents. Some ducks, such as the garganey Anas querquedula, move completely or partially into the tropics. The European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca also follows this migratory trend, breeding in Asia and Europe and wintering in Africa.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: typical

text: image

text: of

text: migration

text: is

text: of

text: northern

text: landbirds

text: such

text: as

text: swallows

text: Hirundinidae

text: and

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: making

text: long

text: flights

text: to

text: the

text: tropics

text: However

text: many

text: Holarctic

text: wildfowl

text: and

text: finch

text: Fringillidae

text: species

text: winter

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Temperate

text: Zone

text: in

text: regions

text: with

text: milder

text: winters

text: than

text: their

text: summer

text: breeding

text: grounds

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: pink

text: footed

text: goose

text: Anser

text: brachyrhynchus

text: migrates

text: from

text: Iceland

text: to

text: Britain

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: whilst

text: the

text: dark

text: eyed

text: junco

text: Junco

text: hyemalis

text: migrates

text: from

text: subarctic

text: and

text: arctic

text: climates

text: to

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: goldfinch

text: from

text: taiga

text: to

text: wintering

text: grounds

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: American

text: South

text: northwestward

text: to

text: Western

text: Oregon

text: Migratory

text: routes

text: and

text: wintering

text: grounds

text: are

text: traditional

text: and

text: learned

text: by

text: young

text: during

text: their

text: first

text: migration

text: with

text: their

text: parents

text: Some

text: ducks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: garganey

text: Anas

text: querquedula

text: move

text: completely

text: or

text: partially

text: into

text: the

text: tropics

text: The

text: European

text: pied

text: flycatcher

text: Ficedula

text: hypoleuca

text: also

text: follows

text: this

text: migratory

text: trend

text: breeding

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: Europe

text: and

text: wintering

text: in

text: Africa

question: Where do the pink-footed goose migrate?

answer: from Iceland to Britain

text: from Iceland to Britain

question: Where do the dark-eyed junco migrate?

answer: arctic climates to the contiguous United States

text: arctic climates to the contiguous United States

question: Where do the European pied flycatcher breed?

answer: Asia and Europe

text: Asia and Europe

question: Where does the European pied flycatcher spend the winter?

answer: Africa

text: Africa

question: How do young learn migratory routes?

answer: during their first migration with their parents

text: during their first migration with their parents


text: After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, the Medri Bahri ("Sea land" in Tingrinya, although it included some areas like Shire on the other side of the Mereb, today in Ethiopia). With its capital at Debarwa, the state's main provinces were Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: After

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Aksum

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: highlands

text: were

text: under

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: Bahr

text: Negash

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Bahr

text: Negus

text: The

text: area

text: was

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Ma'ikele

text: Bahr

text: between

text: the

text: seas

text: rivers

text: i.e.

text: the

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Mereb

text: river

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: renamed

text: under

text: Emperor

text: Zara

text: Yaqob

text: as

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: the

text: Bahr

text: Negash

text: the

text: Medri

text: Bahri

text: Sea

text: land

text: in

text: Tingrinya

text: although

text: it

text: included

text: some

text: areas

text: like

text: Shire

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Mereb

text: today

text: in

text: Ethiopia

text: With

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Debarwa

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: main

text: provinces

text: were

text: Hamasien

text: Serae

text: and

text: Akele

text: Guzai

question: What  domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?

answer: Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus

text: Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus

question: What was the area in the Eritrean highlands named under Emperor Zaro Yaqob?

answer: Medri Bahri

text: Medri Bahri

question: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?

answer: Debarwa

text: Debarwa

question: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?

answer: Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai

text: Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai

question: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?

answer: Sea land

text: Sea land


text: Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: Palermo

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: mountains

text: formed

text: of

text: calcar

text: which

text: form

text: a

text: cirque

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: Some

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: mountains

text: themselves

text: Historically

text: it

text: was

text: relatively

text: difficult

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: inner

text: part

text: of

text: Sicily

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: mounts

text: The

text: tallest

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: is

text: La

text: Pizzuta

text: about

text: m

text: ft

text: high

text: However

text: historically

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: mount

text: is

text: Monte

text: Pellegrino

text: which

text: is

text: geographically

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: by

text: a

text: plain

text: The

text: mount

text: lies

text: right

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Tyrrhenian

text: Sea

text: Monte

text: Pellegrino

text: 's

text: cliff

text: was

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: Johann

text: Wolfgang

text: von

text: Goethe

text: as

text: The

text: most

text: beautiful

text: promontory

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: his

text: essay

text: Italian

text: Journey

question: What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?

answer: mountains

text: mountains

question: What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?

answer: mountains

text: mountains

question: Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as "The most beautiful promontory in the world?"

answer: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,

text: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,

question: Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?

answer: La Pizzuta

text: La Pizzuta

question: Where is Monte Pellegrino in relation to other peaks?

answer: geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain

text: geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain


text: Nowadays, Galician is resurgent, though in the cities it remains a "second language" for most. According to a 2001 census, 99.16 percent of the populace of Galicia understand the language, 91.04 percent speak it, 68.65 percent read it and 57.64 percent write it. The first two numbers (understanding and speaking) remain roughly the same as a decade earlier; the latter two (reading and writing) both show enormous gains: a decade earlier, only 49.3 percent of the population could read Galician, and only 34.85 percent could write it. This fact can be easily explained because of the impossibility of teaching Galician during the Francisco Franco era, so older people speak the language but have no written competence. Galician is the highest-percentage spoken language in its region among the regional languages of Spain.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Nowadays

text: Galician

text: is

text: resurgent

text: though

text: in

text: the

text: cities

text: it

text: remains

text: a

text: second

text: language

text: for

text: most

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: census

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: populace

text: of

text: Galicia

text: understand

text: the

text: language

text: percent

text: speak

text: it

text: percent

text: read

text: it

text: and

text: percent

text: write

text: it

text: The

text: first

text: two

text: numbers

text: understanding

text: and

text: speaking

text: remain

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: a

text: decade

text: earlier

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: reading

text: and

text: writing

text: both

text: show

text: enormous

text: gains

text: a

text: decade

text: earlier

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: could

text: read

text: Galician

text: and

text: only

text: percent

text: could

text: write

text: it

text: This

text: fact

text: can

text: be

text: easily

text: explained

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: impossibility

text: of

text: teaching

text: Galician

text: during

text: the

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: era

text: so

text: older

text: people

text: speak

text: the

text: language

text: but

text: have

text: no

text: written

text: competence

text: Galician

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: percentage

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: its

text: region

text: among

text: the

text: regional

text: languages

text: of

text: Spain

question: Roughly what percentage of the population actually speaks Galician?

answer: 91

question: What percentage read it?

answer: 68

question: What percentage write it?

answer: 57


text: The Manhattanville Bus Depot (formerly known as the 132nd Street Bus Depot) is located on West 132nd and 133rd Street between Broadway and Riverside Drive in the Manhattanville neighborhood.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: The

text: Manhattanville

text: Bus

text: Depot

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Street

text: Bus

text: Depot

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: West

text: and

text: Street

text: between

text: Broadway

text: and

text: Riverside

text: Drive

text: in

text: the

text: Manhattanville

text: neighborhood

question: What is the 132nd Street Bus Depot currently known as?

answer: Manhattanville Bus Depot

text: Manhattanville Bus Depot

question: What was the Manhattanville Bus Depot formerly known as?

answer: 132nd Street Bus Depot

text: 132nd Street Bus Depot

question: In which neighborhood is the Manhattanville Bus Depot?

answer: Manhattanville

text: Manhattanville

question: The former 132nd Street Bus Depot is located between Broadway and what other drive in the Manhattanville neighborhood?

answer: Riverside Drive

text: Riverside Drive


text: Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. From the 10th-century onwards, glass was employed in stained glass windows of churches and cathedrals, with famous examples at Chartres Cathedral and the Basilica of Saint Denis. By the 14th-century, architects were designing buildings with walls of stained glass such as Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, (1203–1248) and the East end of Gloucester Cathedral. Stained glass had a major revival with Gothic Revival architecture in the 19th-century. With the Renaissance, and a change in architectural style, the use of large stained glass windows became less prevalent. The use of domestic stained glass increased until most substantial houses had glass windows. These were initially small panes leaded together, but with the changes in technology, glass could be manufactured relatively cheaply in increasingly larger sheets. This led to larger window panes, and, in the 20th-century, to much larger windows in ordinary domestic and commercial buildings.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Glass

text: was

text: used

text: extensively

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: glass

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: across

text: England

text: during

text: archaeological

text: excavations

text: of

text: both

text: settlement

text: and

text: cemetery

text: sites

text: Glass

text: in

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: period

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: objects

text: including

text: vessels

text: beads

text: windows

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: jewelry

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: glass

text: was

text: employed

text: in

text: stained

text: glass

text: windows

text: of

text: churches

text: and

text: cathedrals

text: with

text: famous

text: examples

text: at

text: Chartres

text: Cathedral

text: and

text: the

text: Basilica

text: of

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: architects

text: were

text: designing

text: buildings

text: with

text: walls

text: of

text: stained

text: glass

text: such

text: as

text: Sainte

text: Chapelle

text: Paris

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: end

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: Cathedral

text: Stained

text: glass

text: had

text: a

text: major

text: revival

text: with

text: Gothic

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: With

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: architectural

text: style

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: large

text: stained

text: glass

text: windows

text: became

text: less

text: prevalent

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: domestic

text: stained

text: glass

text: increased

text: until

text: most

text: substantial

text: houses

text: had

text: glass

text: windows

text: These

text: were

text: initially

text: small

text: panes

text: leaded

text: together

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: changes

text: in

text: technology

text: glass

text: could

text: be

text: manufactured

text: relatively

text: cheaply

text: in

text: increasingly

text: larger

text: sheets

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: larger

text: window

text: panes

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: much

text: larger

text: windows

text: in

text: ordinary

text: domestic

text: and

text: commercial

text: buildings

question: When did stained glass make a big comeback?

answer: 19th-century

question: When did stained glass begin to be used for places of worship?

answer: 10th-century

question: When did big windows of stained glass become less common?

answer: the Renaissance

text: the Renaissance

question: What 13th-century building is an example of stained glass walls?

answer: Sainte-Chapelle

text: Sainte-Chapelle

question: What did technological changes allow regular homes to have?

answer: larger windows

text: larger windows


text: The Gram stain, developed in 1884 by Hans Christian Gram, characterises bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. The thick layers of peptidoglycan in the "Gram-positive" cell wall stain purple, while the thin "Gram-negative" cell wall appears pink. By combining morphology and Gram-staining, most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of four groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci and Gram-negative bacilli). Some organisms are best identified by stains other than the Gram stain, particularly mycobacteria or Nocardia, which show acid-fastness on Ziehl–Neelsen or similar stains. Other organisms may need to be identified by their growth in special media, or by other techniques, such as serology.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: The

text: Gram

text: stain

text: developed

text: in

text: by

text: Hans

text: Christian

text: Gram

text: characterises

text: bacteria

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: structural

text: characteristics

text: of

text: their

text: cell

text: walls

text: The

text: thick

text: layers

text: of

text: peptidoglycan

text: in

text: the

text: Gram

text: positive

text: cell

text: wall

text: stain

text: purple

text: while

text: the

text: thin

text: Gram

text: negative

text: cell

text: wall

text: appears

text: pink

text: By

text: combining

text: morphology

text: and

text: Gram

text: staining

text: most

text: bacteria

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: groups

text: Gram

text: positive

text: cocci

text: Gram

text: positive

text: bacilli

text: Gram

text: negative

text: cocci

text: and

text: Gram

text: negative

text: bacilli

text: Some

text: organisms

text: are

text: best

text: identified

text: by

text: stains

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: Gram

text: stain

text: particularly

text: mycobacteria

text: or

text: Nocardia

text: which

text: show

text: acid

text: fastness

text: on

text: Ziehl

text: Neelsen

text: or

text: similar

text: stains

text: Other

text: organisms

text: may

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: identified

text: by

text: their

text: growth

text: in

text: special

text: media

text: or

text: by

text: other

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: serology

question: What was developed by Hans Christian  Gram?

answer: The Gram stain

text: The Gram stain

question: What year was the Grahm stain was developed?

answer: 1884

question: What color do Gram positive bacteria cell walls turn to after being stained?

answer: purple

text: purple

question: What color is typical for Gram-negative bacteria after staining?

answer: pink

text: pink

question: What stain shows better test results on Norcadia bacteria?

answer: Ziehl–Neelsen

text: Ziehl–Neelsen


text: Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways, and connects North Miami with Bal Harbour.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: has

text: six

text: major

text: causeways

text: that

text: span

text: over

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: connecting

text: the

text: western

text: mainland

text: with

text: the

text: eastern

text: barrier

text: islands

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: The

text: Rickenbacker

text: Causeway

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: causeway

text: and

text: connects

text: Brickell

text: to

text: Virginia

text: Key

text: and

text: Key

text: Biscayne

text: The

text: Venetian

text: Causeway

text: and

text: MacArthur

text: Causeway

text: connect

text: Downtown

text: with

text: South

text: Beach

text: The

text: Julia

text: Tuttle

text: Causeway

text: connects

text: Midtown

text: and

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: The

text: Street

text: Causeway

text: connects

text: the

text: Upper

text: East

text: Side

text: with

text: North

text: Beach

text: The

text: northernmost

text: causeway

text: the

text: Broad

text: Causeway

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: of

text: Miami

text: 's

text: six

text: causeways

text: and

text: connects

text: North

text: Miami

text: with

text: Bal

text: Harbour

question: Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell?

answer: Key Biscayne

text: Key Biscayne

question: What causeway connects South Beach with Downtown?

answer: MacArthur

text: MacArthur

question: Which Miami causeway has the smallest size?

answer: Broad

text: Broad

question: What causeway is furthest to the south?

answer: Rickenbacker

text: Rickenbacker

question: How many major causeways are in Miami?

answer: six

text: six


text: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained resident in London. The interests of public police agencies in cross-border co-operation in the control of political radicalism and ordinary law crime were primarily initiated in Europe, which eventually led to the establishment of Interpol before the Second World War. There are also many interesting examples of cross-border policing under private auspices and by municipal police forces that date back to the 19th century (Nadelmann, 1993). It has been established that modern policing has transgressed national boundaries from time to time almost from its inception. It is also generally agreed that in the post–Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent (Sheptycki, 2000).

title: Police

title: Police

text: Historical

text: studies

text: reveal

text: that

text: policing

text: agents

text: have

text: undertaken

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: cross

text: border

text: police

text: missions

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: Deflem

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: European

text: policing

text: agencies

text: undertook

text: cross

text: border

text: surveillance

text: because

text: of

text: concerns

text: about

text: anarchist

text: agitators

text: and

text: other

text: political

text: radicals

text: A

text: notable

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: occasional

text: surveillance

text: by

text: Prussian

text: police

text: of

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: during

text: the

text: years

text: he

text: remained

text: resident

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: interests

text: of

text: public

text: police

text: agencies

text: in

text: cross

text: border

text: co

text: operation

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: political

text: radicalism

text: and

text: ordinary

text: law

text: crime

text: were

text: primarily

text: initiated

text: in

text: Europe

text: which

text: eventually

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Interpol

text: before

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: many

text: interesting

text: examples

text: of

text: cross

text: border

text: policing

text: under

text: private

text: auspices

text: and

text: by

text: municipal

text: police

text: forces

text: that

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: Nadelmann

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: established

text: that

text: modern

text: policing

text: has

text: transgressed

text: national

text: boundaries

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: almost

text: from

text: its

text: inception

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: generally

text: agreed

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: practice

text: became

text: more

text: significant

text: and

text: frequent

text: Sheptycki

question: When did Deflem write about cross-border policing?

answer: 2002

question: What groups did European police work against across borders in the 19th century?

answer: anarchist agitators and other political radicals

text: anarchist agitators and other political radicals

question: Which police force monitored Karl Marx?

answer: Prussian

text: Prussian

question: What international police agency was created before WW2?

answer: Interpol

text: Interpol

question: In what era did cross-border policing increase?

answer: post–Cold War

text: post–Cold War


text: In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: city

text: elected

text: Coleman

text: Young

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: black

text: mayor

text: After

text: taking

text: office

text: Young

text: emphasized

text: increasing

text: racial

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: police

text: department

text: Young

text: also

text: worked

text: to

text: improve

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: transportation

text: system

text: but

text: tension

text: between

text: Young

text: and

text: his

text: suburban

text: counterparts

text: over

text: regional

text: matters

text: was

text: problematic

text: throughout

text: his

text: mayoral

text: term

text: In

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: offered

text: million

text: for

text: building

text: a

text: regional

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: under

text: a

text: single

text: regional

text: authority

text: But

text: the

text: inability

text: of

text: Detroit

text: and

text: its

text: suburban

text: neighbors

text: to

text: solve

text: conflicts

text: over

text: transit

text: planning

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: losing

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: funding

text: for

text: rapid

text: transit

text: Following

text: the

text: failure

text: to

text: reach

text: an

text: agreement

text: over

text: the

text: larger

text: system

text: the

text: City

text: moved

text: forward

text: with

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: elevated

text: downtown

text: circulator

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Detroit

text: People

text: Mover

question: Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?

answer: Coleman Young

text: Coleman Young

question: What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?

answer: Detroit People Mover

text: Detroit People Mover

question: How much did the federal government offer for a rapid transit system?

answer: $600 million

text: $600 million

question: Who did Detroit argue with when trying to plane a regional transit system?

answer: suburban neighbors

text: suburban neighbors


text: Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats. Since this change, the CBC has sometimes struggled to maintain ratings comparable to those it achieved before 1995, although it has seen somewhat of a ratings resurgence in recent years. In the 2007-08 season, hit series such as Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border helped the network achieve its strongest ratings performance in over half a decade.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: Until

text: the

text: network

text: carried

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: American

text: programs

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: its

text: core

text: Canadian

text: programming

text: directly

text: competing

text: with

text: private

text: Canadian

text: broadcasters

text: such

text: as

text: CTV

text: and

text: Global

text: Since

text: then

text: it

text: has

text: restricted

text: itself

text: to

text: Canadian

text: programs

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: British

text: programs

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: American

text: movies

text: and

text: off

text: network

text: repeats

text: Since

text: this

text: change

text: the

text: CBC

text: has

text: sometimes

text: struggled

text: to

text: maintain

text: ratings

text: comparable

text: to

text: those

text: it

text: achieved

text: before

text: although

text: it

text: has

text: seen

text: somewhat

text: of

text: a

text: ratings

text: resurgence

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: hit

text: series

text: such

text: as

text: Little

text: Mosque

text: on

text: the

text: Prairie

text: and

text: The

text: Border

text: helped

text: the

text: network

text: achieve

text: its

text: strongest

text: ratings

text: performance

text: in

text: over

text: half

text: a

text: decade

question: In what year did the network end American programming?

answer: 1998

question: What foreign programming is shown on the CBC after 1998?

answer: a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats

text: a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats

question: Which recent (2007-2008) shows helped the network regain popularity?

answer: Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border

text: Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border


text: Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office. If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. Courts exercising the judicial power are called "constitutional courts."

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: Judicial

text: power

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: decide

text: cases

text: and

text: controversies

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: and

text: inferior

text: courts

text: established

text: by

text: Congress

text: The

text: judges

text: must

text: be

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: president

text: with

text: the

text: advice

text: and

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: hold

text: office

text: during

text: good

text: behavior

text: and

text: receive

text: compensations

text: that

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: diminished

text: during

text: their

text: continuance

text: in

text: office

text: If

text: a

text: court

text: 's

text: judges

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: such

text: attributes

text: the

text: court

text: may

text: not

text: exercise

text: the

text: judicial

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Courts

text: exercising

text: the

text: judicial

text: power

text: are

text: called

text: constitutional

text: courts

question: In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed?

answer: Judicial

text: Judicial

question: Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?

answer: president

text: president

question: Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?

answer: Senate

text: Senate

question: What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power?

answer: constitutional courts

text: constitutional courts

question: What is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called?

answer: Judicial power

text: Judicial power

question: Who appoints a judge?

answer: the president

text: the president

question: Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment?

answer: the Senate

text: the Senate


text: DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of their persistence in the environment and human toxicity. DDT use is not always effective, as resistance to DDT was identified in Africa as early as 1955, and by 1972 nineteen species of mosquito worldwide were resistant to DDT.

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: DDT

text: sprayed

text: on

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: houses

text: is

text: an

text: organochlorine

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: fight

text: malaria

text: since

text: the

text: Recent

text: policy

text: statements

text: by

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: have

text: given

text: stronger

text: support

text: to

text: this

text: approach

text: However

text: DDT

text: and

text: other

text: organochlorine

text: pesticides

text: have

text: been

text: banned

text: in

text: most

text: countries

text: worldwide

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: persistence

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: human

text: toxicity

text: DDT

text: use

text: is

text: not

text: always

text: effective

text: as

text: resistance

text: to

text: DDT

text: was

text: identified

text: in

text: Africa

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: and

text: by

text: nineteen

text: species

text: of

text: mosquito

text: worldwide

text: were

text: resistant

text: to

text: DDT

question: What kind of pesticide is DDT?

answer: an organochlorine

text: an organochlorine

question: Why have DDTs been banned in some areas?

answer: persistence in the environment and human toxicity

text: persistence in the environment and human toxicity

question: Is DDT 100% guaranteed to work?

answer: DDT use is not always effective

text: DDT use is not always effective

question: How may species have been found to be resistant to DDT?

answer: nineteen

text: nineteen


text: New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more information. Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech on slavery in New Haven in 1860, shortly before he secured the Republican nomination for President.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: important

text: early

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: anti

text: slavery

text: movement

text: when

text: in

text: the

text: trial

text: of

text: mutineering

text: Mende

text: tribesmen

text: being

text: transported

text: as

text: slaves

text: on

text: the

text: Spanish

text: slaveship

text: Amistad

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: statue

text: of

text: Joseph

text: Cinqué

text: the

text: informal

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: slaves

text: beside

text: City

text: Hall

text: See

text: Museums

text: below

text: for

text: more

text: information

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: delivered

text: a

text: speech

text: on

text: slavery

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: in

text: shortly

text: before

text: he

text: secured

text: the

text: Republican

text: nomination

text: for

text: President

question: In what year did an important trial take place which situated New Haven among the forefront of the growing anti-slavery movement?

answer: 1839

question: What tribesman were being transported  as slaves on a ship by the Spanish?

answer: Mende

text: Mende

question: What was the name of the Spanish slave ship used to transport the Mende tribesmen?

answer: Amistad

text: Amistad

question: Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven?

answer: Joseph Cinqué

text: Joseph Cinqué

question: In 1860, what notable U.S. president gave a speech on slavery in New Haven?

answer: Abraham Lincoln

text: Abraham Lincoln

question: Who was the leader of slaves during the New Haven anti slavery movement in 1839

answer: Joseph Cinqué

text: Joseph Cinqué

question: What famous president made a speech in New Haven in 1860?

answer: Abraham Lincoln

text: Abraham Lincoln

question: Exactly who were the slaves upon the Spanish slaveship?

answer: Mende tribesmen

text: Mende tribesmen

question: What is the name of the slaveship that once sit in New Haven Harbor?

answer: Amistad

text: Amistad


text: West's third studio album, Graduation, garnered major publicity when its release date pitted West in a sales competition against rapper 50 Cent's Curtis. Upon their September 2007 releases, Graduation outsold Curtis by a large margin, debuting at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and selling 957,000 copies in its first week. Graduation once again continued the string of critical and commercial successes by West, and the album's lead single, "Stronger", garnered the rapper his third number-one hit. "Stronger", which samples French house duo Daft Punk, has been accredited to not only encouraging other hip-hop artists to incorporate house and electronica elements into their music, but also for playing a part in the revival of disco and electro-infused music in the late 2000s. Ben Detrick of XXL cited the outcome of the sales competition between 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation as being responsible for altering the direction of hip-hop and paving the way for new rappers who didn't follow the hardcore-gangster mold, writing, "If there was ever a watershed moment to indicate hip-hop's changing direction, it may have come when 50 Cent competed with Kanye in 2007 to see whose album would claim superior sales."

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: 's

text: third

text: studio

text: album

text: Graduation

text: garnered

text: major

text: publicity

text: when

text: its

text: release

text: date

text: pitted

text: West

text: in

text: a

text: sales

text: competition

text: against

text: rapper

text: Cent

text: 's

text: Curtis

text: Upon

text: their

text: September

text: releases

text: Graduation

text: outsold

text: Curtis

text: by

text: a

text: large

text: margin

text: debuting

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: and

text: selling

text: copies

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: Graduation

text: once

text: again

text: continued

text: the

text: string

text: of

text: critical

text: and

text: commercial

text: successes

text: by

text: West

text: and

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: lead

text: single

text: Stronger

text: garnered

text: the

text: rapper

text: his

text: third

text: number

text: one

text: hit

text: Stronger

text: which

text: samples

text: French

text: house

text: duo

text: Daft

text: Punk

text: has

text: been

text: accredited

text: to

text: not

text: only

text: encouraging

text: other

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: to

text: incorporate

text: house

text: and

text: electronica

text: elements

text: into

text: their

text: music

text: but

text: also

text: for

text: playing

text: a

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: revival

text: of

text: disco

text: and

text: electro

text: infused

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Ben

text: Detrick

text: of

text: XXL

text: cited

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: sales

text: competition

text: between

text: Cent

text: 's

text: Curtis

text: and

text: West

text: 's

text: Graduation

text: as

text: being

text: responsible

text: for

text: altering

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: and

text: paving

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: new

text: rappers

text: who

text: did

text: n't

text: follow

text: the

text: hardcore

text: gangster

text: mold

text: writing

text: If

text: there

text: was

text: ever

text: a

text: watershed

text: moment

text: to

text: indicate

text: hip

text: hop

text: 's

text: changing

text: direction

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: come

text: when

text: Cent

text: competed

text: with

text: Kanye

text: in

text: to

text: see

text: whose

text: album

text: would

text: claim

text: superior

text: sales

question: What was the name of Kanye's third album?

answer: Graduation

text: Graduation

question: Kanye released Graduation at the same time of what other famous rapper, thus drawing media comparison?

answer: 50 Cent

text: 50 Cent

question: How many copies did Graduation sell in its first week of release?

answer: 957,000

question: What famous electronic duo did Kanye sample on his third album?

answer: Daft Punk

text: Daft Punk

question: What was the name of Kanye West's third CD?

answer: Graduation

text: Graduation

question: What artist was Kanye's third album release competing against?

answer: 50 Cent

text: 50 Cent

question: What music group was in Kanye's first release off of Graduation?

answer: Daft Punk

text: Daft Punk


text: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. There were 252,699 households, of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 25.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.0% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.08.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: spread

text: out

text: with

text: at

text: age

text: and

text: under

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: who

text: were

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: median

text: age

text: was

text: years

text: For

text: every

text: females

text: there

text: were

text: males

text: For

text: every

text: females

text: age

text: and

text: over

text: there

text: were

text: males

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: them

text: were

text: married

text: couples

text: living

text: together

text: had

text: a

text: female

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: husband

text: present

text: and

text: were

text: non

text: families

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: were

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: had

text: someone

text: living

text: alone

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: average

text: household

text: size

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: family

text: size

text: was

question: What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 19 and under?

answer: 21.9%

question: What percentage of the City of Boston's population is 20 to 24?

answer: 14.3%

question: What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 25 to 44?

answer: 33.2%

question: What percentage of the City of Bostons residents are 45 to 64?

answer: 20.4%

question: What percentage of the City of Boston's residents are over 65?

answer: 10.1%


text: Red clothing was a sign of status and wealth. It was worn not only by cardinals and princes, but also by merchants, artisans and townpeople, particularly on holidays or special occasions. Red dye for the clothing of ordinary people was made from the roots of the rubia tinctorum, the madder plant. This color leaned toward brick-red, and faded easily in the sun or during washing. The wealthy and aristocrats wore scarlet clothing dyed with kermes, or carmine, made from the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects, which lived on the leaves of oak trees in Eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. The insects were gathered, dried, crushed, and boiled with different ingredients in a long and complicated process, which produced a brilliant scarlet.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: clothing

text: was

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: status

text: and

text: wealth

text: It

text: was

text: worn

text: not

text: only

text: by

text: cardinals

text: and

text: princes

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: merchants

text: artisans

text: and

text: townpeople

text: particularly

text: on

text: holidays

text: or

text: special

text: occasions

text: Red

text: dye

text: for

text: the

text: clothing

text: of

text: ordinary

text: people

text: was

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: the

text: rubia

text: tinctorum

text: the

text: madder

text: plant

text: This

text: color

text: leaned

text: toward

text: brick

text: red

text: and

text: faded

text: easily

text: in

text: the

text: sun

text: or

text: during

text: washing

text: The

text: wealthy

text: and

text: aristocrats

text: wore

text: scarlet

text: clothing

text: dyed

text: with

text: kermes

text: or

text: carmine

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: carminic

text: acid

text: in

text: tiny

text: female

text: scale

text: insects

text: which

text: lived

text: on

text: the

text: leaves

text: of

text: oak

text: trees

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: The

text: insects

text: were

text: gathered

text: dried

text: crushed

text: and

text: boiled

text: with

text: different

text: ingredients

text: in

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: complicated

text: process

text: which

text: produced

text: a

text: brilliant

text: scarlet

question: What status did the wearing of red in medieval times represent?

answer: wealth

text: wealth

question: On what occasion would townspeople wear red?

answer: holidays

text: holidays

question: What root was used for red clothing owned by commoners?

answer: rubia tinctorum

text: rubia tinctorum

question: Outside of sun exposure in what circumstance did pigment made from rubia tinctorum fade?

answer: during washing

text: during washing

question: What was carmine made from?

answer: the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects

text: the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects


text: The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not been taken seriously by the public, and was not sponsored by the government as part of the post-WW II rocket development effort. Von Braun, himself inspired by Goddard's work, was bemused by this when debriefed by his American handlers, asking them, "Why didn't you just ask Dr. Goddard?"[citation needed]

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: American

text: professor

text: Robert

text: H.

text: Goddard

text: had

text: worked

text: on

text: developing

text: solid

text: fuel

text: rockets

text: since

text: and

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: light

text: battlefield

text: rocket

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: Army

text: Signal

text: Corps

text: only

text: five

text: days

text: before

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: armistice

text: that

text: ended

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: He

text: also

text: started

text: developing

text: liquid

text: fueled

text: rockets

text: in

text: yet

text: he

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: taken

text: seriously

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: sponsored

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: WW

text: II

text: rocket

text: development

text: effort

text: Von

text: Braun

text: himself

text: inspired

text: by

text: Goddard

text: 's

text: work

text: was

text: bemused

text: by

text: this

text: when

text: debriefed

text: by

text: his

text: American

text: handlers

text: asking

text: them

text: Why

text: did

text: n't

text: you

text: just

text: ask

text: Dr.

text: Goddard?"[citation

text: needed

question: What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?

answer: Robert H. Goddard

text: Robert H. Goddard

question: Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?

answer: 1921


text: The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless of genes, a girl must have a certain proportion of body fat to attain menarche. Consequently, girls who have a high-fat diet and who are not physically active begin menstruating earlier, on average, than girls whose diet contains less fat and whose activities involve fat reducing exercise (e.g. ballet and gymnastics). Girls who experience malnutrition or are in societies in which children are expected to perform physical labor also begin menstruating at later ages.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: The

text: major

text: landmark

text: of

text: puberty

text: for

text: males

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: ejaculation

text: which

text: occurs

text: on

text: average

text: at

text: age

text: For

text: females

text: it

text: is

text: menarche

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: menstruation

text: which

text: occurs

text: on

text: average

text: between

text: ages

text: and

text: The

text: age

text: of

text: menarche

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: heredity

text: but

text: a

text: girl

text: 's

text: diet

text: and

text: lifestyle

text: contribute

text: as

text: well

text: Regardless

text: of

text: genes

text: a

text: girl

text: must

text: have

text: a

text: certain

text: proportion

text: of

text: body

text: fat

text: to

text: attain

text: menarche

text: Consequently

text: girls

text: who

text: have

text: a

text: high

text: fat

text: diet

text: and

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: physically

text: active

text: begin

text: menstruating

text: earlier

text: on

text: average

text: than

text: girls

text: whose

text: diet

text: contains

text: less

text: fat

text: and

text: whose

text: activities

text: involve

text: fat

text: reducing

text: exercise

text: e.g.

text: ballet

text: and

text: gymnastics

text: Girls

text: who

text: experience

text: malnutrition

text: or

text: are

text: in

text: societies

text: in

text: which

text: children

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: perform

text: physical

text: labor

text: also

text: begin

text: menstruating

text: at

text: later

text: ages

question: What is a male's major landmark of puberty?

answer: first ejaculation

text: first ejaculation

question: At what average age does a male's first ejaculation occur?

answer: 13

question: What is a female's major landmark of puberty?

answer: menstruation

text: menstruation

question: Besides heredity, what other factors contribute to when menustration begins?

answer: diet and lifestyle

text: diet and lifestyle

question: Do girls who are malnourished start menustrating earlier or later than those with high-fat diets?

answer: later

text: later


text: Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons.

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: Writing

text: in

text: Kurt

text: Jonassohn

text: and

text: Karin

text: Björnson

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: CPPCG

text: was

text: a

text: legal

text: instrument

text: resulting

text: from

text: a

text: diplomatic

text: compromise

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: wording

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: is

text: not

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: definition

text: suitable

text: as

text: a

text: research

text: tool

text: and

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: as

text: it

text: has

text: an

text: international

text: legal

text: credibility

text: that

text: others

text: lack

text: other

text: definitions

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: postulated

text: Jonassohn

text: and

text: Björnson

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: of

text: these

text: alternative

text: definitions

text: have

text: gained

text: widespread

text: support

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

question: In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise?

answer: a diplomatic compromise

text: a diplomatic compromise

question: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?

answer: a research tool

text: a research tool

question: What does the treaty possess that others lack?

answer: international legal credibility

text: international legal credibility

question: The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what?

answer: alternative definitions

text: alternative definitions


text: The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga Yo, were written in the Heian period, as was The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, one of the first novels ever written. Murasaki Shikibu's contemporary and rival Sei Shōnagon's revealing observations and musings as an attendant in the Empress' court were recorded collectively as The Pillow Book in the 990s, which revealed the quotidian capital lifestyle. The Heian period produced a flowering of poetry including works of Ariwara no Narihira, Ono no Komachi, Izumi Shikibu, Murasaki Shikibu, Saigyō and Fujiwara no Teika. The famous Japanese poem known as the Iroha (いろは), of uncertain authorship, was also written during the Heian period.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: The

text: lyrics

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: Japanese

text: national

text: anthem

text: Kimi

text: ga

text: Yo

text: were

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: Heian

text: period

text: as

text: was

text: The

text: Tale

text: of

text: Genji

text: by

text: Murasaki

text: Shikibu

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: novels

text: ever

text: written

text: Murasaki

text: Shikibu

text: 's

text: contemporary

text: and

text: rival

text: Sei

text: Shōnagon

text: 's

text: revealing

text: observations

text: and

text: musings

text: as

text: an

text: attendant

text: in

text: the

text: Empress

text: court

text: were

text: recorded

text: collectively

text: as

text: The

text: Pillow

text: Book

text: in

text: the

text: which

text: revealed

text: the

text: quotidian

text: capital

text: lifestyle

text: The

text: Heian

text: period

text: produced

text: a

text: flowering

text: of

text: poetry

text: including

text: works

text: of

text: Ariwara

text: no

text: Narihira

text: Ono

text: no

text: Komachi

text: Izumi

text: Shikibu

text: Murasaki

text: Shikibu

text: Saigyō

text: and

text: Fujiwara

text: no

text: Teika

text: The

text: famous

text: Japanese

text: poem

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Iroha

text: いろは

text: of

text: uncertain

text: authorship

text: was

text: also

text: written

text: during

text: the

text: Heian

text: period

question: What is the name of the Japanese national anthem?

answer: Kimi ga Yo

text: Kimi ga Yo

question: What famous poem with an unknown author was written during the Heian period?

answer: Iroha

text: Iroha

question: The Pillow Book was a collection of whose observations of the imperial court?

answer: Sei Shōnagon

text: Sei Shōnagon


text: The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take the United States (and more specifically the U.S. Army) to war without the support of the American people, General Abrams intertwined the structure of the three components of the army in such a way as to make extended operations impossible, without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: Total

text: Force

text: Policy

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: General

text: Creighton

text: Abrams

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: and

text: involves

text: treating

text: the

text: three

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: the

text: Regular

text: Army

text: the

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: Reserve

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: force

text: Believing

text: that

text: no

text: U.S.

text: president

text: should

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: more

text: specifically

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: to

text: war

text: without

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: people

text: General

text: Abrams

text: intertwined

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: way

text: as

text: to

text: make

text: extended

text: operations

text: impossible

text: without

text: the

text: involvement

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: Reserve

question: Who adopted the Total Force Policy?

answer: General Creighton Abrams

text: General Creighton Abrams

question: What war was responsible for the creation of the Total Force Policy?

answer: Vietnam War

text: Vietnam War

question: How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy?

answer: three

text: three


text: A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption. According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: events

text: in

text: pushed

text: renewable

text: energy

text: up

text: the

text: political

text: agenda

text: including

text: the

text: US

text: mid

text: term

text: elections

text: in

text: November

text: which

text: confirmed

text: clean

text: energy

text: as

text: a

text: mainstream

text: issue

text: Also

text: in

text: the

text: Stern

text: Review

text: made

text: a

text: strong

text: economic

text: case

text: for

text: investing

text: in

text: low

text: carbon

text: technologies

text: now

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: economic

text: growth

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: incompatible

text: with

text: cutting

text: energy

text: consumption

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: trend

text: analysis

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Environment

text: Programme

text: climate

text: change

text: concerns

text: coupled

text: with

text: recent

text: high

text: oil

text: prices

text: and

text: increasing

text: government

text: support

text: are

text: driving

text: increasing

text: rates

text: of

text: investment

text: in

text: the

text: renewable

text: energy

text: and

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: industries

question: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?

answer: Stern Review

text: Stern Review

question: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?

answer: 2006

question: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?

answer: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices

text: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices


text: In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: December

text: Beyoncé

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: celebrities

text: teamed

text: up

text: and

text: produced

text: a

text: video

text: campaign

text: for

text: Demand

text: A

text: Plan

text: a

text: bipartisan

text: effort

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: US

text: mayors

text: and

text: others

text: designed

text: to

text: influence

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: into

text: rethinking

text: its

text: gun

text: control

text: laws

text: following

text: the

text: Sandy

text: Hook

text: Elementary

text: School

text: shooting

text: Beyoncé

text: became

text: an

text: ambassador

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Humanitarian

text: Day

text: campaign

text: donating

text: her

text: song

text: I

text: Was

text: Here

text: and

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: shot

text: in

text: the

text: UN

text: to

text: the

text: campaign

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Beyoncé

text: would

text: work

text: with

text: Salma

text: Hayek

text: and

text: Frida

text: Giannini

text: on

text: a

text: Gucci

text: Chime

text: for

text: Change

text: campaign

text: that

text: aims

text: to

text: spread

text: female

text: empowerment

text: The

text: campaign

text: which

text: aired

text: on

text: February

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: her

text: new

text: music

text: A

text: concert

text: for

text: the

text: cause

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: included

text: other

text: acts

text: like

text: Ellie

text: Goulding

text: Florence

text: and

text: the

text: Machine

text: and

text: Rita

text: Ora

text: In

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: concert

text: she

text: appeared

text: in

text: a

text: campaign

text: video

text: released

text: on

text: May

text: where

text: she

text: along

text: with

text: Cameron

text: Diaz

text: John

text: Legend

text: and

text: Kylie

text: Minogue

text: described

text: inspiration

text: from

text: their

text: mothers

text: while

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: artists

text: celebrated

text: personal

text: inspiration

text: from

text: other

text: women

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: call

text: for

text: submission

text: of

text: photos

text: of

text: women

text: of

text: viewers

text: inspiration

text: from

text: which

text: a

text: selection

text: was

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: concert

text: Beyoncé

text: said

text: about

text: her

text: mother

text: Tina

text: Knowles

text: that

text: her

text: gift

text: was

text: finding

text: the

text: best

text: qualities

text: in

text: every

text: human

text: being

text: With

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: crowdfunding

text: platform

text: Catapult

text: visitors

text: of

text: the

text: concert

text: could

text: choose

text: between

text: several

text: projects

text: promoting

text: education

text: of

text: women

text: and

text: girls

text: Beyoncé

text: is

text: also

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: Miss

text: a

text: Meal

text: a

text: food

text: donation

text: campaign

text: and

text: supporting

text: Goodwill

text: charity

text: through

text: online

text: charity

text: auctions

text: at

text: Charitybuzz

text: that

text: support

text: job

text: creation

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

question: Which national event caused Beyonce to produce "Demand a Plan?"

answer: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

question: What song did Beyonce contribute to the campaign?

answer: I Was Here

text: I Was Here

question: Beyonce is contributing to which food-donation campaign?

answer: Miss a Meal

text: Miss a Meal

question: On June 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for "a Chime for Change"?

answer: London

text: London

question: Beyonce was speaking about whom when she said her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being."?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event?

answer: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.

text: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.

question: What was the focus of the Gucci Chime for Change campaign?

answer: spread female empowerment

text: spread female empowerment

question: What crowdfunding platform was used in the concert?

answer: Catapult

text: Catapult

question: What is the name of the campaign that Beyoncé and others are involved in that deals with gun control?

answer: Demand A Plan

text: Demand A Plan

question: What school shooting prompted the creation of Demand A Plan?

answer: Sandy Hook Elementary School

text: Sandy Hook Elementary School

question: What song did Beyoncé donate to the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign?

answer: I Was Here

text: I Was Here

question: Who did Beyoncé work with in 2013 on the Chime for Change campaign?

answer: Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini

text: Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini


text: Each successive rank gave its holder greater pensions and legal privileges. The highest rank, of full marquess, came with a state pension and a territorial fiefdom. Holders of the rank immediately below, that of ordinary marquess, received a pension, but had no territorial rule. Officials who served in government belonged to the wider commoner social class and were ranked just below nobles in social prestige. The highest government officials could be enfeoffed as marquesses. By the Eastern Han period, local elites of unattached scholars, teachers, students, and government officials began to identify themselves as members of a larger, nationwide gentry class with shared values and a commitment to mainstream scholarship. When the government became noticeably corrupt in mid-to-late Eastern Han, many gentrymen even considered the cultivation of morally grounded personal relationships more important than serving in public office.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Each

text: successive

text: rank

text: gave

text: its

text: holder

text: greater

text: pensions

text: and

text: legal

text: privileges

text: The

text: highest

text: rank

text: of

text: full

text: marquess

text: came

text: with

text: a

text: state

text: pension

text: and

text: a

text: territorial

text: fiefdom

text: Holders

text: of

text: the

text: rank

text: immediately

text: below

text: that

text: of

text: ordinary

text: marquess

text: received

text: a

text: pension

text: but

text: had

text: no

text: territorial

text: rule

text: Officials

text: who

text: served

text: in

text: government

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: wider

text: commoner

text: social

text: class

text: and

text: were

text: ranked

text: just

text: below

text: nobles

text: in

text: social

text: prestige

text: The

text: highest

text: government

text: officials

text: could

text: be

text: enfeoffed

text: as

text: marquesses

text: By

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: period

text: local

text: elites

text: of

text: unattached

text: scholars

text: teachers

text: students

text: and

text: government

text: officials

text: began

text: to

text: identify

text: themselves

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: larger

text: nationwide

text: gentry

text: class

text: with

text: shared

text: values

text: and

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: mainstream

text: scholarship

text: When

text: the

text: government

text: became

text: noticeably

text: corrupt

text: in

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: many

text: gentrymen

text: even

text: considered

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: morally

text: grounded

text: personal

text: relationships

text: more

text: important

text: than

text: serving

text: in

text: public

text: office

question: During what period was it obvious that corruption was widespread in the government?

answer: mid-to-late Eastern Han

text: mid-to-late Eastern Han

question: What rank provided its holder territorial rule?

answer: full marquess

text: full marquess

question: What class did individuals who served as officials in the government belong to?

answer: commoner social

text: commoner social

question: What was considered to be more important to some than serving the local government?

answer: cultivation of morally grounded personal relationships

text: cultivation of morally grounded personal relationships

question: What rank is below that of full marquess?

answer: ordinary marquess

text: ordinary marquess


text: In addition to Celine Dion, who has had significant success on this chart, other artists with multiple number ones on the AC chart in the 1990s include Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain. Newer female singer-songwriters such as Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow also broke through on the AC chart during this time.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Celine

text: Dion

text: who

text: has

text: had

text: significant

text: success

text: on

text: this

text: chart

text: other

text: artists

text: with

text: multiple

text: number

text: ones

text: on

text: the

text: AC

text: chart

text: in

text: the

text: include

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: Phil

text: Collins

text: Michael

text: Bolton

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: and

text: Shania

text: Twain

text: Newer

text: female

text: singer

text: songwriters

text: such

text: as

text: Sarah

text: McLachlan

text: Natalie

text: Merchant

text: Jewel

text: Melissa

text: Etheridge

text: and

text: Sheryl

text: Crow

text: also

text: broke

text: through

text: on

text: the

text: AC

text: chart

text: during

text: this

text: time

question: What milestone did Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain share on the 1990s adult contemporary charts?

answer: multiple number ones

text: multiple number ones

question: Along with Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow, what female singer-songwriter had chart success in the 1990s?

answer: Jewel

text: Jewel

question: On what chart did Whitney Houston see success?

answer: AC

text: AC


text: When Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the encroaching secular power of the Buddhist institutions there. Kyōto had good river access to the sea and could be reached by land routes from the eastern provinces. The early Heian period (784–967) continued Nara culture; the Heian capital was patterned on the Chinese Tang capital at Chang'an, as was Nara, but on a larger scale than Nara. Kammu endeavoured to improve the Tang-style administrative system which was in use. Known as the ritsuryō, this system attempted to recreate the Tang imperium in Japan, despite the "tremendous differences in the levels of development between the two countries". Despite the decline of the Taika-Taihō reforms, imperial government was vigorous during the early Heian period. Indeed, Kammu's avoidance of drastic reform decreased the intensity of political struggles, and he became recognized as one of Japan's most forceful emperors.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: When

text: Emperor

text: Kammu

text: moved

text: the

text: capital

text: to

text: Heian

text: kyō

text: Kyōto

text: which

text: remained

text: the

text: imperial

text: capital

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: he

text: did

text: so

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: strengthen

text: imperial

text: authority

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: improve

text: his

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: geopolitically

text: Nara

text: was

text: abandoned

text: after

text: only

text: years

text: in

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: ascendancy

text: of

text: Dōkyō

text: and

text: the

text: encroaching

text: secular

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: institutions

text: there

text: Kyōto

text: had

text: good

text: river

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: reached

text: by

text: land

text: routes

text: from

text: the

text: eastern

text: provinces

text: The

text: early

text: Heian

text: period

text: continued

text: Nara

text: culture

text: the

text: Heian

text: capital

text: was

text: patterned

text: on

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Tang

text: capital

text: at

text: Chang'an

text: as

text: was

text: Nara

text: but

text: on

text: a

text: larger

text: scale

text: than

text: Nara

text: Kammu

text: endeavoured

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: Tang

text: style

text: administrative

text: system

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: use

text: Known

text: as

text: the

text: ritsuryō

text: this

text: system

text: attempted

text: to

text: recreate

text: the

text: Tang

text: imperium

text: in

text: Japan

text: despite

text: the

text: tremendous

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: development

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: Despite

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Taika

text: Taihō

text: reforms

text: imperial

text: government

text: was

text: vigorous

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Heian

text: period

text: Indeed

text: Kammu

text: 's

text: avoidance

text: of

text: drastic

text: reform

text: decreased

text: the

text: intensity

text: of

text: political

text: struggles

text: and

text: he

text: became

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: most

text: forceful

text: emperors

question: Heian was Japan's capital for how many years?

answer: 1,000

question: Nara was the former capital for how many years?

answer: 70

question: What religion was gaining popularity in Nara?

answer: Buddhist

text: Buddhist

question: What time period was the early Heian era?

answer: 784–967

question: Kanmu modeled his government after what Chinese capital?

answer: Tang

text: Tang