text: On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé married Jay Z. She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce, in Manhattan's Sony Club on October 22, 2008. I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008 in the United States. The album formally introduces Beyoncé's alter ego Sasha Fierce, conceived during the making of her 2003 single "Crazy in Love", selling 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the Billboard 200, and giving Beyoncé her third consecutive number-one album in the US. The album featured the number-one song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and the top-five songs "If I Were a Boy" and "Halo". Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career, "Halo"'s success in the US helped Beyoncé attain more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman during the 2000s. It also included the successful "Sweet Dreams", and singles "Diva", "Ego", "Broken-Hearted Girl" and "Video Phone". The music video for "Single Ladies" has been parodied and imitated around the world, spawning the "first major dance craze" of the Internet age according to the Toronto Star. The video has won several awards, including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards, the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards, and the 2009 BET Awards. At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, the video was nominated for nine awards, ultimately winning three including Video of the Year. Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to American country pop singer Taylor Swift's "You Belong with Me", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech. In March 2009, Beyoncé embarked on the I Am... World Tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: On

text: April

text: Beyoncé

text: married

text: Jay

text: Z.

text: She

text: publicly

text: revealed

text: their

text: marriage

text: in

text: a

text: video

text: montage

text: at

text: the

text: listening

text: party

text: for

text: her

text: third

text: studio

text: album

text: I

text: Am

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: 's

text: Sony

text: Club

text: on

text: October

text: I

text: Am

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: album

text: formally

text: introduces

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: alter

text: ego

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: conceived

text: during

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: her

text: single

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: selling

text: copies

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: debuting

text: atop

text: the

text: Billboard

text: and

text: giving

text: Beyoncé

text: her

text: third

text: consecutive

text: number

text: one

text: album

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: The

text: album

text: featured

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: song

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: Put

text: a

text: Ring

text: on

text: It

text: and

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: songs

text: If

text: I

text: Were

text: a

text: Boy

text: and

text: Halo

text: Achieving

text: the

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: becoming

text: her

text: longest

text: running

text: Hot

text: single

text: in

text: her

text: career

text: Halo

text: 's

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: helped

text: Beyoncé

text: attain

text: more

text: top

text: ten

text: singles

text: on

text: the

text: list

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: woman

text: during

text: the

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: successful

text: Sweet

text: Dreams

text: and

text: singles

text: Diva

text: Ego

text: Broken

text: Hearted

text: Girl

text: and

text: Video

text: Phone

text: The

text: music

text: video

text: for

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: has

text: been

text: parodied

text: and

text: imitated

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: spawning

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: dance

text: craze

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: age

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Toronto

text: Star

text: The

text: video

text: has

text: won

text: several

text: awards

text: including

text: Best

text: Video

text: at

text: the

text: MTV

text: Europe

text: Music

text: Awards

text: the

text: Scottish

text: MOBO

text: Awards

text: and

text: the

text: BET

text: Awards

text: At

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: the

text: video

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: nine

text: awards

text: ultimately

text: winning

text: three

text: including

text: Video

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Its

text: failure

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Best

text: Female

text: Video

text: category

text: which

text: went

text: to

text: American

text: country

text: pop

text: singer

text: Taylor

text: Swift

text: 's

text: You

text: Belong

text: with

text: Me

text: led

text: to

text: Kanye

text: West

text: interrupting

text: the

text: ceremony

text: and

text: Beyoncé

text: improvising

text: a

text: re

text: presentation

text: of

text: Swift

text: 's

text: award

text: during

text: her

text: own

text: acceptance

text: speech

text: In

text: March

text: Beyoncé

text: embarked

text: on

text: the

text: I

text: Am

text: World

text: Tour

text: her

text: second

text: headlining

text: worldwide

text: concert

text: tour

text: consisting

text: of

text: shows

text: grossing

text: million

question: Beyonce got married in 2008 to whom?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: Her third album, "I am...Sasha Fierce" was released when?

answer: November 18, 2008

text: November 18, 2008

question: For which decade, did Beyonce have more top ten songs than any other woman?

answer: 2000s

question: Which singer beat out Beyonce for best video performance?

answer: Taylor Swift

text: Taylor Swift

question: In 2009, Beyonce started her second world tour and grossed how much money?

answer: 119.5 million

text: 119.5 million

question: How did she reveal the marriage?

answer: in a video montage

text: in a video montage

question: When did Beyonce begin her second world tour?

answer: March 2009

text: March 2009

question: Who beat out Beyonce for Best Female Video ?

answer: Taylor Swift

text: Taylor Swift

question: How much did the second world tour make in dollars?

answer: 119.5 million

text: 119.5 million

question: When did Beyoncé get married?

answer: April 4, 2008

text: April 4, 2008

question: Who did Beyoncé marry?

answer: Jay Z.

text: Jay Z.

question: Who is Beyoncé's alter ego?

answer: Sasha Fierce

text: Sasha Fierce

question: The video for what song won Beyoncé the 2009 MTV Video of the Year award?

answer: Single Ladies

text: Single Ladies

question: Which prominent star felt the 2009 Female Video of the Year award should have went to Beyoncé instead of Taylor Swift?

answer: Kanye West

text: Kanye West


text: By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Nasser

text: nationalized

text: all

text: remaining

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: assets

text: in

text: Egypt

text: including

text: the

text: tobacco

text: cement

text: pharmaceutical

text: and

text: phosphate

text: industries

text: When

text: efforts

text: to

text: offer

text: tax

text: incentives

text: and

text: attract

text: outside

text: investments

text: yielded

text: no

text: tangible

text: results

text: he

text: nationalized

text: more

text: companies

text: and

text: made

text: them

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: economic

text: development

text: organization

text: He

text: stopped

text: short

text: of

text: total

text: government

text: control

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: was

text: still

text: in

text: private

text: hands

text: This

text: effort

text: achieved

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: success

text: with

text: increased

text: agricultural

text: production

text: and

text: investment

text: in

text: industrialization

text: Nasser

text: initiated

text: the

text: Helwan

text: steelworks

text: which

text: subsequently

text: became

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: largest

text: enterprise

text: providing

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: product

text: and

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: jobs

text: Nasser

text: also

text: decided

text: to

text: cooperate

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Aswan

text: Dam

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: US

text: funds

question: What nations' assets did Nasser nationalize in 1957?

answer: British and French

text: British and French

question: How much of the economy was not controlled by Nassir's government?

answer: two-thirds

text: two-thirds

question: What entity did Nasser spearhead that was a boon for Egypt's economy?

answer: Helwan steelworks

text: Helwan steelworks

question: What nation did Nasser join economic forces with?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What project did Nasser cooperate with the Soviet Union on?

answer: Aswan Dam

text: Aswan Dam


text: The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu. "Narayanhity" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning "water spout" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct). Narayanhity was a new palace, in front of the old palace built in 1915, and was built in 1970 in the form of a contemporary Pagoda. It was built on the occasion of the marriage of King Birenda Bir Bikram Shah, then heir apparent to the throne. The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Darbar Marg roads. The palace area covers (30 hectares (74 acres)) and is fully secured with gates on all sides. This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre. After the fall of the monarchy, it was converted to a museum.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: enclosed

text: compound

text: of

text: the

text: Narayanhity

text: Palace

text: Museum

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: Narayanhity

text: comes

text: from

text: Narayana

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: god

text: Lord

text: Vishnu

text: and

text: Hiti

text: meaning

text: water

text: spout

text: Vishnu

text: 's

text: temple

text: is

text: located

text: opposite

text: the

text: palace

text: and

text: the

text: water

text: spout

text: is

text: located

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: entrance

text: to

text: the

text: precinct

text: Narayanhity

text: was

text: a

text: new

text: palace

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: palace

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: contemporary

text: Pagoda

text: It

text: was

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: occasion

text: of

text: the

text: marriage

text: of

text: King

text: Birenda

text: Bir

text: Bikram

text: Shah

text: then

text: heir

text: apparent

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: The

text: southern

text: gate

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: crossing

text: of

text: Prithvipath

text: and

text: Darbar

text: Marg

text: roads

text: The

text: palace

text: area

text: covers

text: hectares

text: acres

text: and

text: is

text: fully

text: secured

text: with

text: gates

text: on

text: all

text: sides

text: This

text: palace

text: was

text: the

text: scene

text: of

text: the

text: Nepali

text: royal

text: massacre

text: After

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: it

text: was

text: converted

text: to

text: a

text: museum

question: Where in Kathmandu is Narayanhity Palace Museum located?

answer: north-central

text: north-central

question: In what year was Narayanhity constructed?

answer: 1970

question: Whose marriage led to the construction of Narayanhity?

answer: Birenda Bir Bikram Shah

text: Birenda Bir Bikram Shah

question: How many acres is the Narayanhity Palace?

answer: 74

question: What god is Narayana?

answer: Vishnu

text: Vishnu


text: Meanwhile, Kerry's staff began their own investigations and, on October 14, issued a report that exposed illegal activities on the part of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who had set up a private network involving the National Security Council and the CIA to deliver military equipment to right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras). In effect, North and certain members of the President's administration were accused by Kerry's report of illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress. Kerry's staff investigation, based on a year-long inquiry and interviews with fifty unnamed sources, is said to raise "serious questions about whether the United States has abided by the law in its handling of the contras over the past three years."

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Meanwhile

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: staff

text: began

text: their

text: own

text: investigations

text: and

text: on

text: October

text: issued

text: a

text: report

text: that

text: exposed

text: illegal

text: activities

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: Lieutenant

text: Colonel

text: Oliver

text: North

text: who

text: had

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: private

text: network

text: involving

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: CIA

text: to

text: deliver

text: military

text: equipment

text: to

text: right

text: wing

text: Nicaraguan

text: rebels

text: Contras

text: In

text: effect

text: North

text: and

text: certain

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: 's

text: administration

text: were

text: accused

text: by

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: report

text: of

text: illegally

text: funding

text: and

text: supplying

text: armed

text: militants

text: without

text: the

text: authorization

text: of

text: Congress

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: staff

text: investigation

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: year

text: long

text: inquiry

text: and

text: interviews

text: with

text: fifty

text: unnamed

text: sources

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: raise

text: serious

text: questions

text: about

text: whether

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: abided

text: by

text: the

text: law

text: in

text: its

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: contras

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: three

text: years

question: Who did Kerry's staff expose in an Oct 14 report?

answer: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North

text: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North

question: Who had Oliver North been supporting?

answer: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras)

text: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras)

question: What crime had Kerry said North committed?

answer: illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress

text: illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress

question: Who were the Contras?

answer: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels

text: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels

question: What government agencies worked with North?

answer: the National Security Council and the CIA

text: the National Security Council and the CIA


text: Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones (1884–1954) of Kodak and inspired by the systems of Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values, the American Standards Association (now named ANSI) defined a new method to determine and specify film speeds of black-and-white negative films in 1943. ASA Z38.2.1-1943 was revised in 1946 and 1947 before the standard grew into ASA PH2.5-1954. Originally, ASA values were frequently referred to as American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers. (See also: Exposure Index (EI).)

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: Based

text: on

text: earlier

text: research

text: work

text: by

text: Loyd

text: Ancile

text: Jones

text: of

text: Kodak

text: and

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: systems

text: of

text: Weston

text: film

text: speed

text: ratings

text: and

text: General

text: Electric

text: film

text: values

text: the

text: American

text: Standards

text: Association

text: now

text: named

text: ANSI

text: defined

text: a

text: new

text: method

text: to

text: determine

text: and

text: specify

text: film

text: speeds

text: of

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: negative

text: films

text: in

text: ASA

text: was

text: revised

text: in

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: standard

text: grew

text: into

text: ASA

text: Originally

text: ASA

text: values

text: were

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: American

text: standard

text: speed

text: numbers

text: or

text: ASA

text: exposure

text: index

text: numbers

text: See

text: also

text: Exposure

text: Index

text: EI

question: Who pioneered research that led to the new ANSI values?

answer: Loyd Ancile Jones

text: Loyd Ancile Jones

question: What standards were the ANSI developed from?

answer: Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values

text: Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values

question: What types of film did the ANSI measure?

answer: black-and-white negative films

text: black-and-white negative films

question: When did the ANSI define its new measure?

answer: 1943

question: What were ANSI values often called in the beginning?

answer: American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers

text: American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers


text: Historical interpretations of John have been subject to considerable change over the years. Medieval chroniclers provided the first contemporary, or near contemporary, histories of John's reign. One group of chroniclers wrote early in John's life, or around the time of his accession, including Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto. These historians were generally unsympathetic to John's behaviour under Richard's rule, but slightly more positive towards the very earliest years of John's reign. Reliable accounts of the middle and later parts of John's reign are more limited, with Gervase of Canterbury and Ralph of Coggeshall writing the main accounts; neither of them were positive about John's performance as king. Much of John's later, negative reputation was established by two chroniclers writing after the king's death, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, the latter claiming that John attempted conversion to Islam in exchange for military aid from the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir - a story which is considered to be untrue by modern historians.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Historical

text: interpretations

text: of

text: John

text: have

text: been

text: subject

text: to

text: considerable

text: change

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: Medieval

text: chroniclers

text: provided

text: the

text: first

text: contemporary

text: or

text: near

text: contemporary

text: histories

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: reign

text: One

text: group

text: of

text: chroniclers

text: wrote

text: early

text: in

text: John

text: 's

text: life

text: or

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: accession

text: including

text: Richard

text: of

text: Devizes

text: William

text: of

text: Newburgh

text: Roger

text: of

text: Hoveden

text: and

text: Ralph

text: de

text: Diceto

text: These

text: historians

text: were

text: generally

text: unsympathetic

text: to

text: John

text: 's

text: behaviour

text: under

text: Richard

text: 's

text: rule

text: but

text: slightly

text: more

text: positive

text: towards

text: the

text: very

text: earliest

text: years

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: reign

text: Reliable

text: accounts

text: of

text: the

text: middle

text: and

text: later

text: parts

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: reign

text: are

text: more

text: limited

text: with

text: Gervase

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: and

text: Ralph

text: of

text: Coggeshall

text: writing

text: the

text: main

text: accounts

text: neither

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: positive

text: about

text: John

text: 's

text: performance

text: as

text: king

text: Much

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: later

text: negative

text: reputation

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: two

text: chroniclers

text: writing

text: after

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: death

text: Roger

text: of

text: Wendover

text: and

text: Matthew

text: Paris

text: the

text: latter

text: claiming

text: that

text: John

text: attempted

text: conversion

text: to

text: Islam

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: military

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: Almohad

text: ruler

text: Muhammad

text: al

text: Nasir

text: a

text: story

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: untrue

text: by

text: modern

text: historians

question: Which historians wrote early in John's life?

answer: Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto

text: Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto

question: How did historians feel about John's behavior under Richard's rule?

answer: unsympathetic

text: unsympathetic

question: John attempted conversion of what in exchange for military aid?

answer: Islam

text: Islam


text: The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America. St. Jehan is shown on Nicholas Desliens' world map of 1541 and San Joham is found in João Freire's Atlas of 1546. It was during this time that Water Street was first developed, making it the oldest street in North America.[dubious – discuss]

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: The

text: earliest

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: location

text: appears

text: as

text: São

text: João

text: on

text: a

text: Portuguese

text: map

text: by

text: Pedro

text: Reinel

text: in

text: When

text: John

text: Rut

text: visited

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: in

text: he

text: found

text: Norman

text: Breton

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: ships

text: in

text: the

text: harbour

text: On

text: August

text: Rut

text: wrote

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: King

text: Henry

text: on

text: the

text: findings

text: of

text: his

text: voyage

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: known

text: letter

text: sent

text: from

text: North

text: America

text: St.

text: Jehan

text: is

text: shown

text: on

text: Nicholas

text: Desliens

text: world

text: map

text: of

text: and

text: San

text: Joham

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: João

text: Freire

text: 's

text: Atlas

text: of

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: that

text: Water

text: Street

text: was

text: first

text: developed

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: oldest

text: street

text: in

text: North

text: America.[dubious

text: discuss

question: What year did John Rut visit St. John's?

answer: 1527

question: Who sent the first known letter from North America?

answer: John Rut

text: John Rut

question: What three countries ships did John Rut find in 1527?

answer: Norman, Breton and Portuguese

text: Norman, Breton and Portuguese

question: Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527?

answer: King Henry

text: King Henry


text: As of 2008[update], the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 25,818 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Swiss

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: non

text: Swiss

text: men

text: There

text: were

text: Swiss

text: women

text: and

text: non

text: Swiss

text: women

text: Of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: or

text: about

text: were

text: born

text: in

text: Bern

text: and

text: lived

text: there

text: in

text: There

text: were

text: or

text: who

text: were

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: canton

text: while

text: or

text: were

text: born

text: somewhere

text: else

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: or

text: were

text: born

text: outside

text: of

text: Switzerland

question: How many Swiss men live in Bern?

answer: 35.4%

question: What percent of the population is born somewhere else in Switzerland?

answer: 20.1%

question: What percent were born outside of Switzerland?

answer: 21.6%


text: World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: devastated

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economy

text: but

text: the

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: economic

text: growth

text: that

text: followed

text: from

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: Greek

text: economic

text: miracle

text: From

text: Greece

text: saw

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: GDP

text: growth

text: above

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: average

text: peaking

text: at

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: The

text: subsequent

text: Great

text: Recession

text: and

text: Greek

text: government

text: debt

text: crisis

text: a

text: central

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: European

text: debt

text: crisis

text: plunged

text: the

text: economy

text: into

text: a

text: sharp

text: downturn

text: with

text: real

text: GDP

text: growth

text: rates

text: of

text: in

text: in

text: in

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: public

text: debt

text: reached

text: billion

text: of

text: nominal

text: GDP

text: After

text: negotiating

text: the

text: biggest

text: debt

text: restructuring

text: in

text: history

text: with

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: Greece

text: reduced

text: its

text: sovereign

text: debt

text: burden

text: to

text: billion

text: of

text: GDP

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: Greece

text: achieved

text: a

text: real

text: GDP

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: in

text: after

text: years

text: of

text: economic

text: decline

text: but

text: fell

text: back

text: into

text: recession

text: in

question: What years of economic growth was called Greece's economic miracle?

answer: 1950 to 1980

text: 1950 to 1980

question: From what year was Greece's levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average?

answer: 2000

question: What was the GDP growth rate of Greece in 2013?

answer: −3.2%

question: How much public debt did Greece have in 2011?

answer: €356 billion

text: €356 billion

question: What year did Greece fall back into recession?

answer: 2015


text: The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and didn't end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid at a rate of $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. There were no textbooks used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: Montana

text: Territory

text: was

text: formed

text: on

text: April

text: when

text: the

text: U.S.

text: passed

text: the

text: Organic

text: Act

text: Schools

text: started

text: forming

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: officially

text: a

text: territory

text: as

text: families

text: started

text: settling

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: first

text: schools

text: were

text: subscription

text: schools

text: that

text: typically

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: teacher

text: 's

text: home

text: The

text: first

text: formal

text: school

text: on

text: record

text: was

text: at

text: Fort

text: Owen

text: in

text: Bitterroot

text: valley

text: in

text: The

text: students

text: were

text: Indian

text: children

text: and

text: the

text: children

text: of

text: Fort

text: Owen

text: employees

text: The

text: first

text: school

text: term

text: started

text: in

text: early

text: winter

text: and

text: only

text: lasted

text: until

text: February

text: Classes

text: were

text: taught

text: by

text: Mr.

text: Robinson

text: Another

text: early

text: subscription

text: school

text: was

text: started

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Dimsdale

text: in

text: Virginia

text: City

text: in

text: In

text: this

text: school

text: students

text: were

text: charged

text: per

text: week

text: The

text: Montana

text: Territorial

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: had

text: its

text: inaugural

text: meeting

text: in

text: The

text: first

text: legislature

text: authorized

text: counties

text: to

text: levy

text: taxes

text: for

text: schools

text: which

text: set

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: public

text: schooling

text: Madison

text: County

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: authorized

text: taxes

text: and

text: it

text: formed

text: fhe

text: first

text: public

text: school

text: in

text: Virginia

text: City

text: in

text: The

text: first

text: school

text: year

text: was

text: scheduled

text: to

text: begin

text: in

text: January

text: but

text: severe

text: weather

text: postponed

text: its

text: opening

text: until

text: March

text: The

text: first

text: school

text: year

text: ran

text: through

text: the

text: summer

text: and

text: did

text: n't

text: end

text: until

text: August

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: teachers

text: at

text: the

text: school

text: was

text: Sarah

text: Raymond

text: She

text: was

text: a

text: old

text: woman

text: who

text: had

text: traveled

text: to

text: Virginia

text: City

text: via

text: wagon

text: train

text: in

text: To

text: become

text: a

text: certified

text: teacher

text: Raymond

text: took

text: a

text: test

text: in

text: her

text: home

text: and

text: paid

text: a

text: fee

text: in

text: gold

text: dust

text: to

text: obtain

text: a

text: teaching

text: certificate

text: With

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: an

text: assistant

text: teacher

text: Mrs.

text: Farley

text: Raymond

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: teaching

text: to

text: students

text: each

text: day

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: students

text: enrolled

text: at

text: the

text: school

text: Sarah

text: Raymond

text: was

text: paid

text: at

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: month

text: and

text: Mrs.

text: Farley

text: was

text: paid

text: per

text: month

text: There

text: were

text: no

text: textbooks

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: school

text: In

text: their

text: place

text: was

text: an

text: assortment

text: of

text: books

text: brought

text: in

text: by

text: various

text: emigrants

text: Sarah

text: quit

text: teaching

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: but

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: the

text: Madison

text: County

text: superintendent

text: of

text: schools

question: When was the Montana Territory formed?

answer: April 26, 1864

text: April 26, 1864

question: When was the first formal school on record?

answer: 1862

question: How much were students charged per week?

answer: $1.75

question: When did the first public school in Virginia City formed?

answer: 1886


text: Two major hardware revisions of the Xbox 360 have succeeded the original models; the Xbox 360 S (also referred to as the "Slim") replaced the original "Elite" and "Arcade" models in 2010. The S model carries a smaller, streamlined appearance with an angular case, and utilizes a redesigned motherboard designed to alleviate the hardware and overheating issues experienced by prior models. It also includes a proprietary port for use with the Kinect sensor. The Xbox 360 E, a further streamlined variation of the 360 S with a two-tone rectangular case inspired by Xbox One, was released in 2013. In addition to its revised aesthetics, Xbox 360 E also has one fewer USB port and no longer supports S/PDIF.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: Two

text: major

text: hardware

text: revisions

text: of

text: the

text: Xbox

text: have

text: succeeded

text: the

text: original

text: models

text: the

text: Xbox

text: S

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Slim

text: replaced

text: the

text: original

text: Elite

text: and

text: Arcade

text: models

text: in

text: The

text: S

text: model

text: carries

text: a

text: smaller

text: streamlined

text: appearance

text: with

text: an

text: angular

text: case

text: and

text: utilizes

text: a

text: redesigned

text: motherboard

text: designed

text: to

text: alleviate

text: the

text: hardware

text: and

text: overheating

text: issues

text: experienced

text: by

text: prior

text: models

text: It

text: also

text: includes

text: a

text: proprietary

text: port

text: for

text: use

text: with

text: the

text: Kinect

text: sensor

text: The

text: Xbox

text: E

text: a

text: further

text: streamlined

text: variation

text: of

text: the

text: S

text: with

text: a

text: two

text: tone

text: rectangular

text: case

text: inspired

text: by

text: Xbox

text: One

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: its

text: revised

text: aesthetics

text: Xbox

text: E

text: also

text: has

text: one

text: fewer

text: USB

text: port

text: and

text: no

text: longer

text: supports

text: S

text: PDIF

question: How many major hardware revisions has the 360 had?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: By what other name is the 360 S model known?

answer: "Slim"

text: "Slim"

question: Which SKUs did the 360 S replace?

answer: the original "Elite" and "Arcade" models

text: the original "Elite" and "Arcade" models

question: What component of the 360 S prevents overheating issues prevalent in prior versions?

answer: a redesigned motherboard

text: a redesigned motherboard

question: What video input format is not supported by the 360 E?

answer: S/PDIF

text: S/PDIF


text: Community Training Centres (CTCs) have been established within the primary schools on each atoll. The CTCs provide vocational training to students who do not progress beyond Class 8 because they failed the entry qualifications for secondary education. The CTCs offer training in basic carpentry, gardening and farming, sewing and cooking. At the end of their studies the graduates can apply to continue studies either at Motufoua Secondary School or the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute (TMTI). Adults can also attend courses at the CTCs.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Community

text: Training

text: Centres

text: CTCs

text: have

text: been

text: established

text: within

text: the

text: primary

text: schools

text: on

text: each

text: atoll

text: The

text: CTCs

text: provide

text: vocational

text: training

text: to

text: students

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: progress

text: beyond

text: Class

text: because

text: they

text: failed

text: the

text: entry

text: qualifications

text: for

text: secondary

text: education

text: The

text: CTCs

text: offer

text: training

text: in

text: basic

text: carpentry

text: gardening

text: and

text: farming

text: sewing

text: and

text: cooking

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: their

text: studies

text: the

text: graduates

text: can

text: apply

text: to

text: continue

text: studies

text: either

text: at

text: Motufoua

text: Secondary

text: School

text: or

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Maritime

text: Training

text: Institute

text: TMTI

text: Adults

text: can

text: also

text: attend

text: courses

text: at

text: the

text: CTCs

question: What type of school has Tuvalu set up on each atoll?

answer: Community Training Centres

text: Community Training Centres

question: For what have CTC students failed to qualify ?

answer: secondary education

text: secondary education

question: What from of education do Community Training Centres provide?

answer: vocational training

text: vocational training

question: Besides children, who can Take CTC  classes?

answer: Adults

text: Adults

question: What kind of training classes are offered at CTC?

answer: basic

text: basic


text: The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus first mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: name

text: Thuringia

text: or

text: Thüringen

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Germanic

text: tribe

text: Thuringii

text: who

text: emerged

text: during

text: the

text: Migration

text: Period

text: Their

text: origin

text: is

text: not

text: completely

text: known

text: An

text: older

text: theory

text: claimed

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: successors

text: of

text: the

text: Hermunduri

text: but

text: later

text: research

text: rejected

text: the

text: idea

text: Other

text: historians

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: Thuringians

text: were

text: allies

text: of

text: the

text: Huns

text: came

text: to

text: central

text: Europe

text: together

text: with

text: them

text: and

text: lived

text: before

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: Galicia

text: today

text: Publius

text: Flavius

text: Vegetius

text: Renatus

text: first

text: mentioned

text: the

text: Thuringii

text: around

text: during

text: that

text: period

text: the

text: Thuringii

text: were

text: famous

text: for

text: their

text: excellent

text: horses

question: Where does the name Thuringia come from?

answer: the Germanic tribe Thuringii

text: the Germanic tribe Thuringii

question: When did Thuringii emerge?

answer: the Migration Period

text: the Migration Period

question: Who are the theoretical allies of the Thuringians?

answer: the Huns

text: the Huns

question: When were the thuringii first mentioned?

answer: around 400

text: around 400


text: While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: While

text: Harkness

text: original

text: colleges

text: were

text: Georgian

text: Revival

text: or

text: Collegiate

text: Gothic

text: in

text: style

text: two

text: colleges

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: Morse

text: and

text: Ezra

text: Stiles

text: Colleges

text: have

text: modernist

text: designs

text: All

text: twelve

text: college

text: quadrangles

text: are

text: organized

text: around

text: a

text: courtyard

text: and

text: each

text: has

text: a

text: dining

text: hall

text: courtyard

text: library

text: common

text: room

text: and

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: student

text: facilities

text: The

text: twelve

text: colleges

text: are

text: named

text: for

text: important

text: alumni

text: or

text: significant

text: places

text: in

text: university

text: history

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: expects

text: to

text: open

text: two

text: new

text: colleges

text: near

text: Science

text: Hill

question: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges?

answer: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

text: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

question: Which two residential colleges are of modernist style?

answer: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges

text: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges

question: What are Yale's colleges encircling?

answer: a courtyard

text: a courtyard

question: Who are the Yale colleges named after?

answer: important alumni or significant places in university history

text: important alumni or significant places in university history

question: In what year does the university expect to open two more colleges?

answer: 2017


text: In 2007 Torsten Struck and colleagues compared 3 genes in 81 taxa, of which 9 were outgroups, in other words not considered closely related to annelids but included to give an indication of where the organisms under study are placed on the larger tree of life. For a cross-check the study used an analysis of 11 genes (including the original 3) in 10 taxa. This analysis agreed that clitellates, pogonophorans and echiurans were on various branches of the polychaete family tree. It also concluded that the classification of polychaetes into Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata was useless, as the members of these alleged groups were scattered all over the family tree derived from comparing the 81 taxa. In addition, it also placed sipunculans, generally regarded at the time as a separate phylum, on another branch of the polychaete tree, and concluded that leeches were a sub-group of oligochaetes rather than their sister-group among the clitellates. Rouse accepted the analyses based on molecular phylogenetics, and their main conclusions are now the scientific consensus, although the details of the annelid family tree remain uncertain.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: In

text: Torsten

text: Struck

text: and

text: colleagues

text: compared

text: genes

text: in

text: taxa

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: outgroups

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: not

text: considered

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: annelids

text: but

text: included

text: to

text: give

text: an

text: indication

text: of

text: where

text: the

text: organisms

text: under

text: study

text: are

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: larger

text: tree

text: of

text: life

text: For

text: a

text: cross

text: check

text: the

text: study

text: used

text: an

text: analysis

text: of

text: genes

text: including

text: the

text: original

text: in

text: taxa

text: This

text: analysis

text: agreed

text: that

text: clitellates

text: pogonophorans

text: and

text: echiurans

text: were

text: on

text: various

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: polychaete

text: family

text: tree

text: It

text: also

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: classification

text: of

text: polychaetes

text: into

text: Scolecida

text: Canalipalpata

text: and

text: Aciculata

text: was

text: useless

text: as

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: these

text: alleged

text: groups

text: were

text: scattered

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: family

text: tree

text: derived

text: from

text: comparing

text: the

text: taxa

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: also

text: placed

text: sipunculans

text: generally

text: regarded

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: phylum

text: on

text: another

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: polychaete

text: tree

text: and

text: concluded

text: that

text: leeches

text: were

text: a

text: sub

text: group

text: of

text: oligochaetes

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: sister

text: group

text: among

text: the

text: clitellates

text: Rouse

text: accepted

text: the

text: analyses

text: based

text: on

text: molecular

text: phylogenetics

text: and

text: their

text: main

text: conclusions

text: are

text: now

text: the

text: scientific

text: consensus

text: although

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: annelid

text: family

text: tree

text: remain

text: uncertain

question: Who compared annelid genes in 2007?

answer: Torsten Struck and colleagues

text: Torsten Struck and colleagues

question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck first compare?

answer: 3

question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck compare for a cross-check?

answer: 11

question: What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 2007 study?

answer: Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata

text: Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata

question: What did Rouse decide leeches were a subgroup of?

answer: oligochaetes

text: oligochaetes


text: Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: seldom

text: performed

text: publicly

text: in

text: Paris

text: In

text: later

text: years

text: he

text: generally

text: gave

text: a

text: single

text: annual

text: concert

text: at

text: the

text: Salle

text: Pleyel

text: a

text: venue

text: that

text: seated

text: three

text: hundred

text: He

text: played

text: more

text: frequently

text: at

text: salons

text: but

text: preferred

text: playing

text: at

text: his

text: own

text: Paris

text: apartment

text: for

text: small

text: groups

text: of

text: friends

text: The

text: musicologist

text: Arthur

text: Hedley

text: has

text: observed

text: that

text: As

text: a

text: pianist

text: Chopin

text: was

text: unique

text: in

text: acquiring

text: a

text: reputation

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: order

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: public

text: appearances

text: few

text: more

text: than

text: thirty

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: his

text: lifetime

text: The

text: list

text: of

text: musicians

text: who

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: concerts

text: provides

text: an

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: richness

text: of

text: Parisian

text: artistic

text: life

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: Examples

text: include

text: a

text: concert

text: on

text: March

text: in

text: which

text: Chopin

text: Liszt

text: and

text: Hiller

text: performed

text: on

text: pianos

text: a

text: concerto

text: by

text: J.S.

text: Bach

text: for

text: three

text: keyboards

text: and

text: on

text: March

text: a

text: concert

text: in

text: which

text: Chopin

text: his

text: pupil

text: Adolphe

text: Gutmann

text: Charles

text: Valentin

text: Alkan

text: and

text: Alkan

text: 's

text: teacher

text: Joseph

text: Zimmermann

text: performed

text: Alkan

text: 's

text: arrangement

text: for

text: eight

text: hands

text: of

text: two

text: movements

text: from

text: Beethoven

text: 's

text: symphony

text: Chopin

text: was

text: also

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: Liszt

text: 's

text: Hexameron

text: he

text: wrote

text: the

text: sixth

text: and

text: final

text: variation

text: on

text: Bellini

text: 's

text: theme

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: music

text: soon

text: found

text: success

text: with

text: publishers

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: contracted

text: with

text: Maurice

text: Schlesinger

text: who

text: arranged

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: published

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: France

text: but

text: through

text: his

text: family

text: connections

text: also

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: England

question: What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in?

answer: his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends

text: his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends

question: What instrument did Frédéric play in a performance on 23 March 1833?

answer: pianos

text: pianos

question: Chopin gave a yearly performance where?

answer: Salle Pleyel

text: Salle Pleyel

question: Chopin worked with Liszt on what piece?

answer: Hexameron

text: Hexameron

question: In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?

answer: Maurice Schlesinger

text: Maurice Schlesinger

question: What is the name of Chopin's pupil who performed with him?

answer: Adolphe Gutmann

text: Adolphe Gutmann

question: Where did Chopin prefer to play for people?

answer: apartment

text: apartment

question: On March 23, 1833, who headlined and performed with Chopin at a concert?

answer: Liszt and Hiller

text: Liszt and Hiller

question: Who did Chopin contract with for publishing his music?

answer: Maurice Schlesinger

text: Maurice Schlesinger


text: In 1976, a group of Italian American professors at City University of New York asked to be added as an affirmative action category for promotion and hiring. Italian Americans are usually considered white in the US and would not be covered under affirmative action policies, but the professors believed they were underrepresented. Libertarian economist Thomas Sowell wrote in his book, Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study, that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Italian

text: American

text: professors

text: at

text: City

text: University

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: asked

text: to

text: be

text: added

text: as

text: an

text: affirmative

text: action

text: category

text: for

text: promotion

text: and

text: hiring

text: Italian

text: Americans

text: are

text: usually

text: considered

text: white

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: covered

text: under

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: but

text: the

text: professors

text: believed

text: they

text: were

text: underrepresented

text: Libertarian

text: economist

text: Thomas

text: Sowell

text: wrote

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Affirmative

text: Action

text: Around

text: the

text: World

text: An

text: Empirical

text: Study

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: encourage

text: non

text: preferred

text: groups

text: to

text: designate

text: themselves

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: preferred

text: groups

text: i.e.

text: primary

text: beneficiaries

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: group

text: preference

text: policies

question: Where were the Italian American professors employed that asked to be added as an affirmative action category?

answer: City University of New York

text: City University of New York

question: Which year did the Italian American Professors make their request?

answer: 1976

question: What category of race do Italian Americans normally fall under?

answer: white

text: white

question: What was the title of the book written by Thomas Sowell?

answer: Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study

text: Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study

question: Why would Italian Americans want to get themselves designated as members of a preferred group?

answer: to take advantage of group preference policies

text: to take advantage of group preference policies


text: Naturally occurring glass, especially the volcanic glass obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded. But in general, archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or ancient Egypt. The earliest known glass objects, of the mid third millennium BCE, were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of metal-working (slags) or during the production of faience, a pre-glass vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Naturally

text: occurring

text: glass

text: especially

text: the

text: volcanic

text: glass

text: obsidian

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: Stone

text: Age

text: societies

text: across

text: the

text: globe

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: sharp

text: cutting

text: tools

text: and

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: limited

text: source

text: areas

text: was

text: extensively

text: traded

text: But

text: in

text: general

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: true

text: glass

text: was

text: made

text: in

text: coastal

text: north

text: Syria

text: Mesopotamia

text: or

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: glass

text: objects

text: of

text: the

text: mid

text: third

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: were

text: beads

text: perhaps

text: initially

text: created

text: as

text: accidental

text: by

text: products

text: of

text: metal

text: working

text: slags

text: or

text: during

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: faience

text: a

text: pre

text: glass

text: vitreous

text: material

text: made

text: by

text: a

text: process

text: similar

text: to

text: glazing

question: What kind of glass exists in nature?

answer: obsidian

text: obsidian

question: Obsidian is what type of glass?

answer: volcanic

text: volcanic

question: What was obsidian used to make in prehistoric times?

answer: cutting tools

text: cutting tools

question: When are the oldest beads thought to have been made?

answer: mid third millennium BCE

text: mid third millennium BCE

question: What glass-like material is made with a method related to glazing?

answer: faience

text: faience


text: Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents underlying these formats as well, with others held by Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and AT&T.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Other

text: lossy

text: formats

text: exist

text: Among

text: these

text: AAC

text: and

text: are

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: technological

text: family

text: as

text: and

text: depend

text: on

text: roughly

text: similar

text: psychoacoustic

text: models

text: The

text: Fraunhofer

text: Gesellschaft

text: owns

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: patents

text: underlying

text: these

text: formats

text: as

text: well

text: with

text: others

text: held

text: by

text: Dolby

text: Labs

text: Sony

text: Thomson

text: Consumer

text: Electronics

text: and

text: AT&T.

question: AAC, mp3PRO and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as which other lossy format?

answer: MP3

question: What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on?

answer: psychoacoustic

text: psychoacoustic

question: Which company owns many of the patents that cover the other formats?

answer: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft

text: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft


text: Galileo Galilei was brought before the Inquisition for heresy, but abjured his views and was sentenced to house arrest, under which he spent the rest of his life. Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture. He was required to "abjure, curse and detest" those opinions.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: Galileo

text: Galilei

text: was

text: brought

text: before

text: the

text: Inquisition

text: for

text: heresy

text: but

text: abjured

text: his

text: views

text: and

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: house

text: arrest

text: under

text: which

text: he

text: spent

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: Galileo

text: was

text: found

text: vehemently

text: suspect

text: of

text: heresy

text: namely

text: of

text: having

text: held

text: the

text: opinions

text: that

text: the

text: Sun

text: lies

text: motionless

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: that

text: the

text: Earth

text: is

text: not

text: at

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: moves

text: and

text: that

text: one

text: may

text: hold

text: and

text: defend

text: an

text: opinion

text: as

text: probable

text: after

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: declared

text: contrary

text: to

text: Holy

text: Scripture

text: He

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: abjure

text: curse

text: and

text: detest

text: those

text: opinions

question: Who was brought before the Inquisition for heresy but renounced his beliefs and thus remained under house arrest for life?

answer: Galileo Galilei

text: Galileo Galilei

question: What belief did Galileo have at the time that appeared to be extremely heretical to the church?

answer: the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe

text: the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe


text: "Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The shield had as a crest: "A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT" (Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was DEO DUCENTE NIL NOCET (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Hurts).

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: Azure

text: three

text: ships

text: with

text: three

text: masts

text: rigged

text: and

text: under

text: full

text: sail

text: the

text: sails

text: pennants

text: and

text: ensigns

text: Argent

text: each

text: charged

text: with

text: a

text: cross

text: Gules

text: on

text: a

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: a

text: pale

text: quarterly

text: Azure

text: and

text: Gules

text: on

text: the

text: and

text: a

text: fleur

text: de

text: lis

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: and

text: a

text: leopard

text: or

text: between

text: two

text: roses

text: Gules

text: seeded

text: Or

text: barbed

text: Vert

text: The

text: shield

text: had

text: as

text: a

text: crest

text: A

text: sphere

text: without

text: a

text: frame

text: bounded

text: with

text: the

text: Zodiac

text: in

text: bend

text: Or

text: between

text: two

text: pennants

text: flottant

text: Argent

text: each

text: charged

text: with

text: a

text: cross

text: Gules

text: over

text: the

text: sphere

text: the

text: words

text: DEUS

text: INDICAT

text: Latin

text: God

text: Indicates

text: The

text: supporters

text: were

text: two

text: sea

text: lions

text: lions

text: with

text: fishes

text: tails

text: and

text: the

text: motto

text: was

text: DEO

text: DUCENTE

text: NOCET

text: Latin

text: Where

text: God

text: Leads

text: Nothing

text: Hurts

question: What does DEUS INDICAT mean?

answer: God Indicates

text: God Indicates

question: what type of flowers did Gules use?

answer: roses

text: roses

question: after the DEUS INDICAT what type of sea animals were pictured?

answer: sea lions

text: sea lions

question: in the above quote how many ship and masts were indicated?

answer: three

text: three

question: What animal was listed as part of the four fleur-de-lis in the above quote

answer: leopard

text: leopard


text: For example, The London Review of 1861 (Telford and Barber, unsigned) in reviewing several works by Rawlinson, Layard and others, defined themselves as making:

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: For

text: example

text: The

text: London

text: Review

text: of

text: Telford

text: and

text: Barber

text: unsigned

text: in

text: reviewing

text: several

text: works

text: by

text: Rawlinson

text: Layard

text: and

text: others

text: defined

text: themselves

text: as

text: making

question: When was the London Review?

answer: 1861

question: Rawlinson, Layard and others were reviewed in what?

answer: The London Review of 1861

text: The London Review of 1861

question: Who wrote The London Review of 1861?

answer: (Telford and Barber

text: (Telford and Barber


text: Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General Staff studies in those subjects fell by the wayside, and the Air Academies focused on tactics, technology, and operational planning, rather than on independent strategic air offensives.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Wever

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: General

text: Staff

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: solely

text: educated

text: in

text: tactical

text: and

text: operational

text: matters

text: He

text: argued

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: educated

text: in

text: grand

text: strategy

text: war

text: economics

text: armament

text: production

text: and

text: the

text: mentality

text: of

text: potential

text: opponents

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: mirror

text: imaging

text: Wever

text: 's

text: vision

text: was

text: not

text: realised

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: studies

text: in

text: those

text: subjects

text: fell

text: by

text: the

text: wayside

text: and

text: the

text: Air

text: Academies

text: focused

text: on

text: tactics

text: technology

text: and

text: operational

text: planning

text: rather

text: than

text: on

text: independent

text: strategic

text: air

text: offensives

question: Who said the Luftwaffe General Staff should be taught grand strategy?

answer: Wever

text: Wever

question: What is the mentality of potential opponents also known as?

answer: mirror imaging

text: mirror imaging

question: What did the Air Academies not focus on?

answer: independent strategic air offensives

text: independent strategic air offensives

question: What army does the general staff belong to?

answer: the Luftwaffe

text: the Luftwaffe


text: In the early 21st century the Cypriot economy has diversified and become prosperous. However, in 2012 it became affected by the Eurozone financial and banking crisis. In June 2012, the Cypriot government announced it would need €1.8 billion in foreign aid to support the Cyprus Popular Bank, and this was followed by Fitch downgrading Cyprus's credit rating to junk status. Fitch said Cyprus would need an additional €4 billion to support its banks and the downgrade was mainly due to the exposure of Bank of Cyprus, Cyprus Popular Bank and Hellenic Bank, Cyprus's three largest banks, to the Greek financial crisis.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: economy

text: has

text: diversified

text: and

text: become

text: prosperous

text: However

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: financial

text: and

text: banking

text: crisis

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: government

text: announced

text: it

text: would

text: need

text: billion

text: in

text: foreign

text: aid

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: Cyprus

text: Popular

text: Bank

text: and

text: this

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: Fitch

text: downgrading

text: Cyprus

text: 's

text: credit

text: rating

text: to

text: junk

text: status

text: Fitch

text: said

text: Cyprus

text: would

text: need

text: an

text: additional

text: billion

text: to

text: support

text: its

text: banks

text: and

text: the

text: downgrade

text: was

text: mainly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: exposure

text: of

text: Bank

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

text: Popular

text: Bank

text: and

text: Hellenic

text: Bank

text: Cyprus

text: 's

text: three

text: largest

text: banks

text: to

text: the

text: Greek

text: financial

text: crisis

question: What affected the Cypriot economy in 2012?

answer: Eurozone financial and banking crisis

text: Eurozone financial and banking crisis

question: How much many did the Cypriot government initially announce it needed?

answer: €1.8 billion

text: €1.8 billion

question: What was the amount of additional money requested by Cyprus?

answer: €4 billion

text: €4 billion

question: What are the names of Cyprus' three largest banks?

answer: Bank of Cyprus, Cyprus Popular Bank and Hellenic Bank

text: Bank of Cyprus, Cyprus Popular Bank and Hellenic Bank


text: The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations. Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of alumni and development, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor. The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: The

text: West

text: Campus

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: one

text: mile

text: km

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Danforth

text: Campus

text: in

text: Clayton

text: Missouri

text: and

text: primarily

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: four

text: story

text: former

text: department

text: store

text: building

text: housing

text: mostly

text: administrative

text: space

text: The

text: West

text: Campus

text: building

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Clayton

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Famous

text: Barr

text: department

text: store

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: University

text: acquired

text: the

text: property

text: and

text: adjacent

text: parking

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: renovations

text: Today

text: the

text: basement

text: level

text: houses

text: the

text: West

text: Campus

text: Library

text: the

text: University

text: Archives

text: the

text: Modern

text: Graphic

text: History

text: Library

text: and

text: conference

text: space

text: The

text: ground

text: level

text: still

text: remains

text: a

text: retail

text: space

text: The

text: upper

text: floors

text: house

text: consolidated

text: capital

text: gifts

text: portions

text: of

text: alumni

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: information

text: systems

text: offices

text: from

text: across

text: the

text: Danforth

text: and

text: Medical

text: School

text: campuses

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: music

text: rehearsal

text: room

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: floor

text: The

text: West

text: Campus

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Application

text: of

text: Information

text: Technologies

text: CAIT

text: which

text: provides

text: IT

text: training

text: services

question: Where is the West Campus of Washington University located?

answer: Clayton, Missouri

text: Clayton, Missouri

question: When did the university acquire the property for the West Campus?

answer: 1990

question: What was previously located at the West Campus of Washington University?

answer: the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store

text: the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store

question: What is located in the basement level of the West Campus?

answer: the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space

text: the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space

question: What department located at the West Campus provides IT services?

answer: Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)

text: Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)


text: Humbert is at the center of ascetic writers in the Dominican Order. In this role, he added significantly to its spirituality. His writings are permeated with "religious good sense," and he used uncomplicated language that could edify even the weakest member. Humbert advised his readers, "[Young Dominicans] are also to be instructed not to be eager to see visions or work miracles, since these avail little to salvation, and sometimes we are fooled by them; but rather they should be eager to do good in which salvation consists. Also, they should be taught not to be sad if they do not enjoy the divine consolations they hear others have; but they should know the loving Father for some reason sometimes withholds these. Again, they should learn that if they lack the grace of compunction or devotion they should not think they are not in the state of grace as long as they have good will, which is all that God regards".

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Humbert

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: ascetic

text: writers

text: in

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Order

text: In

text: this

text: role

text: he

text: added

text: significantly

text: to

text: its

text: spirituality

text: His

text: writings

text: are

text: permeated

text: with

text: religious

text: good

text: sense

text: and

text: he

text: used

text: uncomplicated

text: language

text: that

text: could

text: edify

text: even

text: the

text: weakest

text: member

text: Humbert

text: advised

text: his

text: readers

text: Young

text: Dominicans

text: are

text: also

text: to

text: be

text: instructed

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: eager

text: to

text: see

text: visions

text: or

text: work

text: miracles

text: since

text: these

text: avail

text: little

text: to

text: salvation

text: and

text: sometimes

text: we

text: are

text: fooled

text: by

text: them

text: but

text: rather

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: eager

text: to

text: do

text: good

text: in

text: which

text: salvation

text: consists

text: Also

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: taught

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: sad

text: if

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: enjoy

text: the

text: divine

text: consolations

text: they

text: hear

text: others

text: have

text: but

text: they

text: should

text: know

text: the

text: loving

text: Father

text: for

text: some

text: reason

text: sometimes

text: withholds

text: these

text: Again

text: they

text: should

text: learn

text: that

text: if

text: they

text: lack

text: the

text: grace

text: of

text: compunction

text: or

text: devotion

text: they

text: should

text: not

text: think

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: grace

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: have

text: good

text: will

text: which

text: is

text: all

text: that

text: God

text: regards

question: What did Humbert use to teach even weak members of the Dominican Order?

answer: uncomplicated language

text: uncomplicated language

question: What did Humbert tell Dominican students to not concentrate on?

answer: miracles

text: miracles

question: According to Humbert, what is all that God regards?

answer: good will

text: good will

question: What did Humbert instruct the students not to be?

answer: sad

text: sad


text: In Britain's "imperial century", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many nominally independent countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been generally characterized as "informal empire". Of note during this time was the Anglo-Zulu War, which was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Empire.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: In

text: Britain

text: 's

text: imperial

text: century

text: victory

text: over

text: Napoleon

text: left

text: Britain

text: without

text: any

text: serious

text: international

text: rival

text: other

text: than

text: Russia

text: in

text: central

text: Asia

text: Unchallenged

text: at

text: sea

text: Britain

text: adopted

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: global

text: policeman

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: affairs

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Pax

text: Britannica

text: and

text: a

text: foreign

text: policy

text: of

text: splendid

text: isolation

text: Alongside

text: the

text: formal

text: control

text: it

text: exerted

text: over

text: its

text: own

text: colonies

text: Britain

text: 's

text: dominant

text: position

text: in

text: world

text: trade

text: meant

text: that

text: it

text: effectively

text: controlled

text: the

text: economies

text: of

text: many

text: nominally

text: independent

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: China

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Siam

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: generally

text: characterized

text: as

text: informal

text: empire

text: Of

text: note

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: was

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Zulu

text: War

text: which

text: was

text: fought

text: in

text: between

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: Zulu

text: Empire

question: What did defeating Napoleon leave Britain without?

answer: any serious international rival

text: any serious international rival

question: Why did Britain adopt the role of Global Policemen?

answer: Unchallenged at sea

text: Unchallenged at sea

question: Britain adopting the role as global policeman is known as

answer: Pax Britannica

text: Pax Britannica

question: What was Britain's foreign policy called?

answer: splendid isolation

text: splendid isolation

question: Britain's dominant position in the world trade allowed them to do what?

answer: effectively controlled the economies of many nominally independent countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam

text: effectively controlled the economies of many nominally independent countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam


text: The Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil Reading the Aeneid.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: The

text: Aeneid

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: great

text: success

text: Virgil

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: recited

text: Books

text: and

text: to

text: Augustus

text: and

text: Book

text: apparently

text: caused

text: Augustus

text: sister

text: Octavia

text: to

text: faint

text: Although

text: the

text: truth

text: of

text: this

text: claim

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: scholarly

text: scepticism

text: it

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: basis

text: for

text: later

text: art

text: such

text: as

text: Jean

text: Baptiste

text: Wicar

text: 's

text: Virgil

text: Reading

text: the

text: Aeneid

question: Which book supposedly caused Augustus' sister to faint?

answer: 6

question: What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Wicar's artwork inspired by the Aeneid?

answer: Virgil Reading the Aeneid

text: Virgil Reading the Aeneid

question: Who did Virgil recite Books 2, 4, and 6 of the Aeneid to?

answer: Augustus

text: Augustus


text: A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595." The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: A

text: computer

text: 's

text: memory

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: cells

text: into

text: which

text: numbers

text: can

text: be

text: placed

text: or

text: read

text: Each

text: cell

text: has

text: a

text: numbered

text: address

text: and

text: can

text: store

text: a

text: single

text: number

text: The

text: computer

text: can

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: put

text: the

text: number

text: into

text: the

text: cell

text: numbered

text: or

text: to

text: add

text: the

text: number

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: cell

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: cell

text: and

text: put

text: the

text: answer

text: into

text: cell

text: The

text: information

text: stored

text: in

text: memory

text: may

text: represent

text: practically

text: anything

text: Letters

text: numbers

text: even

text: computer

text: instructions

text: can

text: be

text: placed

text: into

text: memory

text: with

text: equal

text: ease

text: Since

text: the

text: CPU

text: does

text: not

text: differentiate

text: between

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: information

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: software

text: 's

text: responsibility

text: to

text: give

text: significance

text: to

text: what

text: the

text: memory

text: sees

text: as

text: nothing

text: but

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: numbers

question: How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?

answer: a single number

text: a single number

question: What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?

answer: the software's

text: the software's


text: In 2014 YouTube said that 300 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, three times more than one year earlier and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has 800 million unique users a month. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, YouTube is the third most visited website in the world, as of June 2015; SimilarWeb also lists YouTube as the top TV and video website globally, attracting more than 15 billion visitors per month.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: YouTube

text: said

text: that

text: hours

text: of

text: new

text: videos

text: were

text: uploaded

text: to

text: the

text: site

text: every

text: minute

text: three

text: times

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: year

text: earlier

text: and

text: that

text: around

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: comes

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: U.S.

text: The

text: site

text: has

text: million

text: unique

text: users

text: a

text: month

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: in

text: YouTube

text: consumed

text: as

text: much

text: bandwidth

text: as

text: the

text: entire

text: Internet

text: in

text: According

text: to

text: third

text: party

text: web

text: analytics

text: providers

text: Alexa

text: and

text: SimilarWeb

text: YouTube

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: visited

text: website

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: of

text: June

text: SimilarWeb

text: also

text: lists

text: YouTube

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: TV

text: and

text: video

text: website

text: globally

text: attracting

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: visitors

text: per

text: month

question: As of 2014, how many hours of video were being uploaded every  minute?

answer: 300

question: How much content on youtube comes from outside the US?

answer: around three quarters

text: around three quarters

question: How many unique visitors a month were tracked as of 2014?

answer: 800 million

text: 800 million

question: As of June 2015, how many estimated visitors does youtube have in a month?

answer: 15 billion

text: 15 billion

question: Youtube is ranked what on the world's list of most visited sites?

answer: third

text: third


text: Two examples of animal species recently delisted are: the Virginia northern flying squirrel (subspecies) on August, 2008, which had been listed since 1985, and the gray wolf (Northern Rocky Mountain DPS). On April 15, 2011, President Obama signed the Department of Defense and Full-Year Appropriations Act of 2011. A section of that Appropriations Act directed the Secretary of the Interior to reissue within 60 days of enactment the final rule published on April 2, 2009, that identified the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf (Canis lupus) as a distinct population segment (DPS) and to revise the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife by removing most of the gray wolves in the DPS.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: Two

text: examples

text: of

text: animal

text: species

text: recently

text: delisted

text: are

text: the

text: Virginia

text: northern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: subspecies

text: on

text: August

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: listed

text: since

text: and

text: the

text: gray

text: wolf

text: Northern

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: DPS

text: On

text: April

text: President

text: Obama

text: signed

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: Full

text: Year

text: Appropriations

text: Act

text: of

text: A

text: section

text: of

text: that

text: Appropriations

text: Act

text: directed

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: to

text: reissue

text: within

text: days

text: of

text: enactment

text: the

text: final

text: rule

text: published

text: on

text: April

text: that

text: identified

text: the

text: Northern

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: population

text: of

text: gray

text: wolf

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: as

text: a

text: distinct

text: population

text: segment

text: DPS

text: and

text: to

text: revise

text: the

text: List

text: of

text: Endangered

text: and

text: Threatened

text: Wildlife

text: by

text: removing

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: gray

text: wolves

text: in

text: the

text: DPS

question: What animal species was delisted in August 2008?

answer: the Virginia northern flying squirrel

text: the Virginia northern flying squirrel

question: How long had the squirrel been listed as endangered?

answer: listed since 1985

text: listed since 1985

question: Which president signed an Act directing the delisting of the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf?

answer: President Obama

text: President Obama


text: In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology (IT) infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful, but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), were not. Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. In January 2005, more than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some estimates) was spent on the project, which never became operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which IT experts consider woefully inadequate. In March 2005, the FBI announced it was beginning a new, more ambitious software project, code-named Sentinel, which they expected to complete by 2009.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: In

text: the

text: FBI

text: began

text: the

text: Trilogy

text: project

text: to

text: upgrade

text: its

text: outdated

text: information

text: technology

text: IT

text: infrastructure

text: This

text: project

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: take

text: three

text: years

text: and

text: cost

text: around

text: million

text: ended

text: up

text: going

text: far

text: over

text: budget

text: and

text: behind

text: schedule

text: Efforts

text: to

text: deploy

text: modern

text: computers

text: and

text: networking

text: equipment

text: were

text: generally

text: successful

text: but

text: attempts

text: to

text: develop

text: new

text: investigation

text: software

text: outsourced

text: to

text: Science

text: Applications

text: International

text: Corporation

text: SAIC

text: were

text: not

text: Virtual

text: Case

text: File

text: or

text: VCF

text: as

text: the

text: software

text: was

text: known

text: was

text: plagued

text: by

text: poorly

text: defined

text: goals

text: and

text: repeated

text: changes

text: in

text: management

text: In

text: January

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: software

text: was

text: originally

text: planned

text: for

text: completion

text: the

text: FBI

text: officially

text: abandoned

text: the

text: project

text: At

text: least

text: million

text: and

text: much

text: more

text: by

text: some

text: estimates

text: was

text: spent

text: on

text: the

text: project

text: which

text: never

text: became

text: operational

text: The

text: FBI

text: has

text: been

text: forced

text: to

text: continue

text: using

text: its

text: decade

text: old

text: Automated

text: Case

text: Support

text: system

text: which

text: IT

text: experts

text: consider

text: woefully

text: inadequate

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: FBI

text: announced

text: it

text: was

text: beginning

text: a

text: new

text: more

text: ambitious

text: software

text: project

text: code

text: named

text: Sentinel

text: which

text: they

text: expected

text: to

text: complete

text: by

question: When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?

answer: 2000

question: What project centered on upgrading FBI Information Technology Infrastructure?

answer: Trilogy project

text: Trilogy project

question: Did the Trilogy project go over budget?

answer: far over budget

text: far over budget

question: When did the FBI abandon the VCF project?

answer: January 2005

text: January 2005


text: On the other hand, Mexico City is also home to large communities of expatriates and immigrants, most notably from the rest of North America (U.S. and Canada), from South America (mainly from Argentina and Colombia, but also from Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela), from Central America and the Caribbean (mainly from Cuba, Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti and Honduras); from Europe (mainly from Spain, Germany and Switzerland, but also from Czech Republic, Hungary, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Romania), from the Middle East (mainly from Egypt, Lebanon and Syria); and recently from Asia-Pacific (mainly from China and South Korea). Historically since the era of New Spain, many Filipinos settled in the city and have become integrated in Mexican society. While no official figures have been reported, population estimates of each of these communities are quite significant.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Mexico

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: large

text: communities

text: of

text: expatriates

text: and

text: immigrants

text: most

text: notably

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: from

text: South

text: America

text: mainly

text: from

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Colombia

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: Brazil

text: Chile

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: Venezuela

text: from

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: mainly

text: from

text: Cuba

text: Guatemala

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Haiti

text: and

text: Honduras

text: from

text: Europe

text: mainly

text: from

text: Spain

text: Germany

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Hungary

text: France

text: Italy

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Poland

text: and

text: Romania

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: mainly

text: from

text: Egypt

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: Syria

text: and

text: recently

text: from

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: mainly

text: from

text: China

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: Historically

text: since

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: New

text: Spain

text: many

text: Filipinos

text: settled

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: have

text: become

text: integrated

text: in

text: Mexican

text: society

text: While

text: no

text: official

text: figures

text: have

text: been

text: reported

text: population

text: estimates

text: of

text: each

text: of

text: these

text: communities

text: are

text: quite

text: significant

question: What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?

answer: Argentina and Colombia

text: Argentina and Colombia

question: Where do most of the Asian immigrants come from?

answer: China and South Korea

text: China and South Korea

question: When did Filipinos start migrating to Mexico City?

answer: since the era of New Spain

text: since the era of New Spain