text: Changes also took place within the recruitment and composition of armies. The use of the national or feudal levy was gradually replaced by paid troops of domestic retinues or foreign mercenaries. The practice was associated with Edward III of England and the condottieri of the Italian city-states. All over Europe, Swiss soldiers were in particularly high demand. At the same time, the period also saw the emergence of the first permanent armies. It was in Valois France, under the heavy demands of the Hundred Years' War, that the armed forces gradually assumed a permanent nature.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Changes

text: also

text: took

text: place

text: within

text: the

text: recruitment

text: and

text: composition

text: of

text: armies

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: or

text: feudal

text: levy

text: was

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: by

text: paid

text: troops

text: of

text: domestic

text: retinues

text: or

text: foreign

text: mercenaries

text: The

text: practice

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: Edward

text: III

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: condottieri

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: states

text: All

text: over

text: Europe

text: Swiss

text: soldiers

text: were

text: in

text: particularly

text: high

text: demand

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: permanent

text: armies

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: Valois

text: France

text: under

text: the

text: heavy

text: demands

text: of

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: that

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: gradually

text: assumed

text: a

text: permanent

text: nature

question: Which conflict in France resulted in the establishment of permanent armies?

answer: Hundred Years' War

text: Hundred Years' War

question: The use of paid mercenaries and domestic retinues replaced which method of raising troops?

answer: national or feudal levy

text: national or feudal levy

question: Which soldiers were in high demand under the mercenary system?

answer: Swiss

text: Swiss

question: Which English king is associated with the use of mercenaries in the 14th century?

answer: Edward III

text: Edward III


text: Ingersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental casualties of the attacks closed due to lack of need. Although the stress of the war resulted in many anxiety attacks, eating disorders, fatigue, weeping, miscarriages, and other physical and mental ailments, society did not collapse. The number of suicides and drunkenness declined, and London recorded only about two cases of "bomb neuroses" per week in the first three months of bombing. Many civilians found that the best way to retain mental stability was to be with family, and after the first few weeks of bombing avoidance of the evacuation programs grew.:80–81 Glover speculated that the knowledge that the entire country was being attacked, that there was no way to escape the bombs, forced people to accept and deal with the situation.:118

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Ingersoll

text: added

text: that

text: according

text: to

text: Anna

text: Freud

text: and

text: Edward

text: Glover

text: London

text: civilians

text: surprisingly

text: did

text: not

text: suffer

text: from

text: widespread

text: shell

text: shock

text: unlike

text: the

text: soldiers

text: in

text: the

text: Dunkirk

text: The

text: psychoanalysts

text: were

text: correct

text: and

text: the

text: special

text: network

text: of

text: psychiatric

text: clinics

text: opened

text: to

text: receive

text: mental

text: casualties

text: of

text: the

text: attacks

text: closed

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: need

text: Although

text: the

text: stress

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: resulted

text: in

text: many

text: anxiety

text: attacks

text: eating

text: disorders

text: fatigue

text: weeping

text: miscarriages

text: and

text: other

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: ailments

text: society

text: did

text: not

text: collapse

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: suicides

text: and

text: drunkenness

text: declined

text: and

text: London

text: recorded

text: only

text: about

text: two

text: cases

text: of

text: bomb

text: neuroses

text: per

text: week

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: months

text: of

text: bombing

text: Many

text: civilians

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: best

text: way

text: to

text: retain

text: mental

text: stability

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: with

text: family

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: few

text: weeks

text: of

text: bombing

text: avoidance

text: of

text: the

text: evacuation

text: programs

text: Glover

text: speculated

text: that

text: the

text: knowledge

text: that

text: the

text: entire

text: country

text: was

text: being

text: attacked

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: bombs

text: forced

text: people

text: to

text: accept

text: and

text: deal

text: with

text: the

question: Anne Freud and Edward Glover said London civilians did not suffer from what?

answer: widespread shell shock

text: widespread shell shock

question: Why did the psychiatric clinics close?

answer: lack of need

text: lack of need

question: What two things declined during the attacks in Britain?

answer: suicides and drunkenness

text: suicides and drunkenness

question: The entire country was being attack and Glover believe it help people to do what?

answer: accept and deal

text: accept and deal


text: Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Barça

text: beat

text: Athletic

text: Bilbao

text: in

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: Final

text: winning

text: the

text: competition

text: for

text: a

text: record

text: breaking

text: time

text: A

text: historic

text: victory

text: against

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: followed

text: three

text: days

text: later

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: Barcelona

text: became

text: La

text: Liga

text: champions

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: Barça

text: finished

text: the

text: season

text: by

text: beating

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: 's

text: Champions

text: League

text: winners

text: Manchester

text: United

text: at

text: the

text: Stadio

text: Olimpico

text: in

text: Rome

text: to

text: win

text: their

text: third

text: Champions

text: League

text: title

text: and

text: completed

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: treble

text: won

text: by

text: a

text: Spanish

text: team

text: The

text: team

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Supercopa

text: de

text: España

text: against

text: Athletic

text: Bilbao

text: and

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Super

text: Cup

text: against

text: Shakhtar

text: Donetsk

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: European

text: club

text: to

text: win

text: both

text: domestic

text: and

text: European

text: Super

text: Cups

text: following

text: a

text: treble

text: In

text: December

text: Barcelona

text: won

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: football

text: club

text: ever

text: to

text: accomplish

text: the

text: sextuple

text: Barcelona

text: accomplished

text: two

text: new

text: records

text: in

text: Spanish

text: football

text: in

text: as

text: they

text: retained

text: the

text: La

text: Liga

text: trophy

text: with

text: points

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Super

text: Cup

text: trophy

text: for

text: a

text: ninth

text: time

question: How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?

answer: 25

question: What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: What team did Barcelona beat to win 2008-09 Champions League title?

answer: Manchester United

text: Manchester United

question: Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana?

answer: Athletic Bilbao

text: Athletic Bilbao

question: When Barcelona won 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, what first time feat did they accomplish?

answer: sextuple

text: sextuple


text: All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.[citation needed] If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer. If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: All

text: iPods

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: can

text: function

text: in

text: disk

text: mode

text: as

text: mass

text: storage

text: devices

text: to

text: store

text: data

text: files

text: but

text: this

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: the

text: default

text: behavior

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: requires

text: special

text: software.[citation

text: needed

text: If

text: an

text: iPod

text: is

text: formatted

text: on

text: a

text: Mac

text: OS

text: computer

text: it

text: uses

text: the

text: HFS+

text: file

text: system

text: format

text: which

text: allows

text: it

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: boot

text: disk

text: for

text: a

text: Mac

text: computer

text: If

text: it

text: is

text: formatted

text: on

text: Windows

text: the

text: format

text: is

text: used

text: With

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Windows

text: compatible

text: iPod

text: the

text: default

text: file

text: system

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: switched

text: from

text: HFS+

text: to

text: although

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: reformatted

text: to

text: either

text: file

text: system

text: excluding

text: the

text: iPod

text: Shuffle

text: which

text: is

text: strictly

text: Generally

text: if

text: a

text: new

text: iPod

text: excluding

text: the

text: iPod

text: Shuffle

text: is

text: initially

text: plugged

text: into

text: a

text: computer

text: running

text: Windows

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: formatted

text: with

text: and

text: if

text: initially

text: plugged

text: into

text: a

text: Mac

text: running

text: Mac

text: OS

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: formatted

text: with

text: HFS+

question: To work as a boot disk for a Mac, what file system must an iPod be formatted with?

answer: HFS+

text: HFS+

question: If connected to a Windows PC when first set up, what file system will an iPod be formatted with?

answer: FAT32


text: The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Cannae and using artillery offensively whenever possible. Rather than advancing in a column or line formation, Prussian infantry moved in small groups that were harder to target by artillery or French defensive fire. The sheer number of soldiers available made encirclement en masse and destruction of French formations relatively easy.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Prussian

text: Army

text: was

text: composed

text: not

text: of

text: regulars

text: but

text: conscripts

text: Service

text: was

text: compulsory

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: men

text: of

text: military

text: age

text: and

text: thus

text: Prussia

text: and

text: its

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: German

text: allies

text: could

text: mobilise

text: and

text: field

text: some

text: soldiers

text: in

text: time

text: of

text: war

text: German

text: tactics

text: emphasised

text: encirclement

text: battles

text: like

text: Cannae

text: and

text: using

text: artillery

text: offensively

text: whenever

text: possible

text: Rather

text: than

text: advancing

text: in

text: a

text: column

text: or

text: line

text: formation

text: Prussian

text: infantry

text: moved

text: in

text: small

text: groups

text: that

text: were

text: harder

text: to

text: target

text: by

text: artillery

text: or

text: French

text: defensive

text: fire

text: The

text: sheer

text: number

text: of

text: soldiers

text: available

text: made

text: encirclement

text: en

text: masse

text: and

text: destruction

text: of

text: French

text: formations

text: relatively

text: easy

question: What was the Prussian Army composed of, instead of regulars?

answer: conscripts

text: conscripts

question: Service was mandatory for all men sharing which feature?

answer: of military age

text: of military age

question: Together, Prussia and Germany expected to amass how many soldiers?

answer: 1,000,000

question: What is an example of a German encirclement battle?

answer: Cannae

text: Cannae

question: German tactics relied on what type of battle strategy?

answer: encirclement battles

text: encirclement battles


text: Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors. It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015–16.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: granted

text: the

text: dignity

text: of

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: by

text: King

text: George

text: V

text: in

text: The

text: position

text: is

text: elected

text: each

text: year

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: six

text: councillors

text: It

text: is

text: traditional

text: that

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: alternates

text: between

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: annually

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: chooses

text: the

text: Deputy

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: Conservative

text: councillor

text: Dr

text: John

text: Mahony

text: is

text: the

text: incumbent

text: for

question: What monarch bestowed the first Lord Mayor on Plymouth?

answer: King George V

text: King George V

question: How many councillors choose the Lord Mayor?

answer: six

text: six

question: What officeholder selects the Deputy Lord Mayor?

answer: the Lord Mayor

text: the Lord Mayor

question: Who is the current Lord Mayor of Plymouth?

answer: Dr John Mahony

text: Dr John Mahony


text: Himachal Pradesh is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The legislature consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The judiciary is composed of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, although the titular head of government is the Governor. The Governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. The Assembly is unicameral with 68 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Terms of office run for 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: is

text: governed

text: through

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: system

text: of

text: representative

text: democracy

text: a

text: feature

text: the

text: state

text: shares

text: with

text: other

text: Indian

text: states

text: Universal

text: suffrage

text: is

text: granted

text: to

text: residents

text: The

text: legislature

text: consists

text: of

text: elected

text: members

text: and

text: special

text: office

text: bearers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Speaker

text: and

text: the

text: Deputy

text: Speaker

text: who

text: are

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: members

text: Assembly

text: meetings

text: are

text: presided

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: Speaker

text: or

text: the

text: Deputy

text: Speaker

text: in

text: the

text: Speaker

text: 's

text: absence

text: The

text: judiciary

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: High

text: Court

text: and

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: lower

text: courts

text: Executive

text: authority

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: although

text: the

text: titular

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: the

text: Governor

text: The

text: Governor

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: or

text: coalition

text: with

text: a

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: is

text: appointed

text: as

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: and

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: The

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: The

text: Assembly

text: is

text: unicameral

text: with

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: MLA

text: Terms

text: of

text: office

text: run

text: for

text: years

text: unless

text: the

text: Assembly

text: is

text: dissolved

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Auxiliary

text: authorities

text: known

text: as

text: panchayats

text: for

text: which

text: local

text: body

text: elections

text: are

text: regularly

text: held

text: govern

text: local

text: affairs

question: What does the Himachal legislature consist of?

answer: elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members

text: elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members

question: Who presides over meetings?

answer: the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence

text: the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence

question: Who is the Judiciary system made up of?

answer: Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts.

text: Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts.

question: Who is the head of state appointed by the President of India?

answer: The Governor

text: The Governor

question: How long are the terms of office?

answer: 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term

text: 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term


text: The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: coats

text: of

text: domestic

text: dogs

text: are

text: of

text: two

text: varieties

text: double

text: being

text: common

text: with

text: dogs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: wolves

text: originating

text: from

text: colder

text: climates

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: a

text: coarse

text: guard

text: hair

text: and

text: a

text: soft

text: down

text: hair

text: or

text: single

text: with

text: the

text: topcoat

text: only

question: Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?

answer: double

text: double

question: Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?

answer: soft down hair

text: soft down hair

question: What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?

answer: double

text: double

question: What is a single coat?

answer: topcoat only

text: topcoat only


text: The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—leading to the suggestion that Gilgamesh himself might have been a historical king of Uruk. As the Epic of Gilgamesh shows, this period was associated with increased war. Cities became walled, and increased in size as undefended villages in southern Mesopotamia disappeared. (Gilgamesh is credited with having built the walls of Uruk).

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: earliest

text: dynastic

text: king

text: on

text: the

text: Sumerian

text: king

text: list

text: whose

text: name

text: is

text: known

text: from

text: any

text: other

text: legendary

text: source

text: is

text: Etana

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Kish

text: The

text: earliest

text: king

text: authenticated

text: through

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: is

text: Enmebaragesi

text: of

text: Kish

text: c.

text: century

text: BC

text: whose

text: name

text: is

text: also

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Gilgamesh

text: epic

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: suggestion

text: that

text: Gilgamesh

text: himself

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: historical

text: king

text: of

text: Uruk

text: As

text: the

text: Epic

text: of

text: Gilgamesh

text: shows

text: this

text: period

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: increased

text: war

text: Cities

text: became

text: walled

text: and

text: increased

text: in

text: size

text: as

text: undefended

text: villages

text: in

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: disappeared

text: Gilgamesh

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: having

text: built

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: Uruk

question: Who is the earliest king that is authenticated by actual physical evidence and not just legend?

answer: Enmebaragesi

text: Enmebaragesi

question: What dynasty was Etana the 13th king of?

answer: Kish

text: Kish

question: What is the name of the earliest dynastic Sumerian king?

answer: Etana

text: Etana

question: What is the period of Enmebaragesi's reign associated with?

answer: increased war

text: increased war

question: Where is Enmebaragesi's name mentioned?

answer: Gilgamesh epic

text: Gilgamesh epic


text: Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (Yillīqiya and Galīsiya) by Muslim Chroniclers, as well as by many European contemporaries. This era consolidated Galicia as a Christian society which spoke a Romance language. During the next century Galician noblemen took northern Portugal, conquering Coimbra in 871, thus freeing what were considered the southernmost city of ancient Galicia.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Later

text: the

text: Muslims

text: invaded

text: Spain

text: but

text: the

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Moors

text: never

text: managed

text: to

text: have

text: any

text: real

text: control

text: over

text: Galicia

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: expanding

text: Christian

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: usually

text: known

text: as

text: Gallaecia

text: or

text: Galicia

text: Yillīqiya

text: and

text: Galīsiya

text: by

text: Muslim

text: Chroniclers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: by

text: many

text: European

text: contemporaries

text: This

text: era

text: consolidated

text: Galicia

text: as

text: a

text: Christian

text: society

text: which

text: spoke

text: a

text: Romance

text: language

text: During

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: Galician

text: noblemen

text: took

text: northern

text: Portugal

text: conquering

text: Coimbra

text: in

text: thus

text: freeing

text: what

text: were

text: considered

text: the

text: southernmost

text: city

text: of

text: ancient

text: Galicia

question: Though the Muslims couldn't take full control of Galicia, when was it that they invaded Spain?

answer: 711

question: Which kingdom did Galicia later become a part of?

answer: Asturias

text: Asturias

question: As a result, what became the religion of Galician society?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: Ancient Galicians took control of which city in northern Portugal?

answer: Coimbra

text: Coimbra


text: The positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though still numerically identical with them). A perdurantist on the other hand holds that for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality, and that when we consider the thing as a whole we must consider an aggregate of all its "temporal parts" or instances of existing. Endurantism is seen as the conventional view and flows out of our pre-philosophical ideas (when I talk to somebody I think I am talking to that person as a complete object, and not just a part of a cross-temporal being), but perdurantists have attacked this position. (An example of a perdurantist is David Lewis.) One argument perdurantists use to state the superiority of their view is that perdurantism is able to take account of change in objects.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: The

text: positions

text: on

text: the

text: persistence

text: of

text: objects

text: are

text: somewhat

text: similar

text: An

text: endurantist

text: holds

text: that

text: for

text: an

text: object

text: to

text: persist

text: through

text: time

text: is

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: exist

text: completely

text: at

text: different

text: times

text: each

text: instance

text: of

text: existence

text: we

text: can

text: regard

text: as

text: somehow

text: separate

text: from

text: previous

text: and

text: future

text: instances

text: though

text: still

text: numerically

text: identical

text: with

text: them

text: A

text: perdurantist

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: holds

text: that

text: for

text: a

text: thing

text: to

text: exist

text: through

text: time

text: is

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: exist

text: as

text: a

text: continuous

text: reality

text: and

text: that

text: when

text: we

text: consider

text: the

text: thing

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: we

text: must

text: consider

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: all

text: its

text: temporal

text: parts

text: or

text: instances

text: of

text: existing

text: Endurantism

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: conventional

text: view

text: and

text: flows

text: out

text: of

text: our

text: pre

text: philosophical

text: ideas

text: when

text: I

text: talk

text: to

text: somebody

text: I

text: think

text: I

text: am

text: talking

text: to

text: that

text: person

text: as

text: a

text: complete

text: object

text: and

text: not

text: just

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: cross

text: temporal

text: being

text: but

text: perdurantists

text: have

text: attacked

text: this

text: position

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: perdurantist

text: is

text: David

text: Lewis

text: One

text: argument

text: perdurantists

text: use

text: to

text: state

text: the

text: superiority

text: of

text: their

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: perdurantism

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: take

text: account

text: of

text: change

text: in

text: objects

question: How similar are the positions on the persistence of objects?

answer: somewhat similar

text: somewhat similar

question: Who holds  that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times?

answer: endurantist

text: endurantist

question: Who holds for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality?

answer: perdurantist

text: perdurantist

question: Which view is seen as conventional?

answer: Endurantism

text: Endurantism

question: Who is an example of a perdurantist?

answer: David Lewis

text: David Lewis


text: University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House, part of the Moorgreen Hospital site in the village of West End, just outside the city.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: University

text: Hospital

text: Southampton

text: NHS

text: Foundation

text: Trust

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: largest

text: employers

text: It

text: provides

text: local

text: hospital

text: services

text: to

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Southampton

text: area

text: and

text: specialist

text: regional

text: services

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: across

text: the

text: South

text: of

text: England

text: The

text: Trust

text: owns

text: and

text: manages

text: Southampton

text: General

text: Hospital

text: the

text: Princess

text: Anne

text: Hospital

text: and

text: a

text: palliative

text: care

text: service

text: at

text: Countess

text: Mountbatten

text: House

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Moorgreen

text: Hospital

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: West

text: End

text: just

text: outside

text: the

text: city

question: How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?

answer: 500,000

question: How many people in the South of England rely on the NHS Foundation Trust's specialist services?

answer: 3 million

text: 3 million

question: What type of service does the NHS Foundation Trust provide at the Countess Mountbatten House?

answer: palliative care

text: palliative care

question: What hospital is the Countess Mountbatten House a part of?

answer: Moorgreen Hospital

text: Moorgreen Hospital

question: In what village is Moorgreen Hospital located?

answer: West End

text: West End


text: In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy, stone was used for fortifications, but brick was preferred for other buildings. Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble, many buildings were faced in marble, or were left with undecorated façade so that this might be achieved at a later date.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: In

text: Northern

text: Germany

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Denmark

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: local

text: building

text: stone

text: was

text: unavailable

text: but

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: strong

text: tradition

text: of

text: building

text: in

text: brick

text: The

text: resultant

text: style

text: Brick

text: Gothic

text: is

text: called

text: Backsteingotik

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: In

text: Italy

text: stone

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: fortifications

text: but

text: brick

text: was

text: preferred

text: for

text: other

text: buildings

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: extensive

text: and

text: varied

text: deposits

text: of

text: marble

text: many

text: buildings

text: were

text: faced

text: in

text: marble

text: or

text: were

text: left

text: with

text: undecorated

text: façade

text: so

text: that

text: this

text: might

text: be

text: achieved

text: at

text: a

text: later

text: date

question: Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries used what building material in place of local stone?

answer: brick

text: brick

question: What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of brick?

answer: Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik"

text: Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik"

question: What building style was the Hanseatic League connected with in Germany and Scandinavia?

answer: "Backsteingotik"

text: "Backsteingotik"

question: Why were many buildings covered with marble?

answer: Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble

text: Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble

question: With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to completed at a later time?

answer: undecorated façade

text: undecorated façade


text: In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert Wagner, the highest commander of Alsace directly under the order of Hitler. In March 1942, Marcel Weinum was prosecuted by the Gestapo and sentenced to be beheaded at the age of 18 in April 1942 in Stuttgart, Germany. His last words will be: "If I have to die, I shall die but with a pure heart". From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft. While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake. In August 1944, several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs, particularly the Palais Rohan, the Old Customs House (Ancienne Douane) and the Cathedral. On 23 November 1944, the city was officially liberated by the 2nd French Armoured Division under General Leclerc. He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers, after the decisive Capture of Kufra. With the Oath of Kuffra, they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: first

text: Alsatian

text: resistance

text: movement

text: led

text: by

text: Marcel

text: Weinum

text: called

text: La

text: main

text: noire

text: The

text: black

text: hand

text: was

text: created

text: It

text: was

text: composed

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: young

text: men

text: aged

text: from

text: to

text: years

text: old

text: who

text: led

text: several

text: attacks

text: against

text: the

text: German

text: occupation

text: The

text: actions

text: culminated

text: with

text: the

text: attack

text: of

text: the

text: Gauleiter

text: Robert

text: Wagner

text: the

text: highest

text: commander

text: of

text: Alsace

text: directly

text: under

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: Hitler

text: In

text: March

text: Marcel

text: Weinum

text: was

text: prosecuted

text: by

text: the

text: Gestapo

text: and

text: sentenced

text: to

text: be

text: beheaded

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: in

text: April

text: in

text: Stuttgart

text: Germany

text: His

text: last

text: words

text: will

text: be

text: If

text: I

text: have

text: to

text: die

text: I

text: shall

text: die

text: but

text: with

text: a

text: pure

text: heart

text: From

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: bombarded

text: by

text: Allied

text: aircraft

text: While

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: had

text: not

text: notably

text: damaged

text: the

text: city

text: Anglo

text: American

text: bombing

text: caused

text: extensive

text: destruction

text: in

text: raids

text: of

text: which

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: was

text: allegedly

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: mistake

text: In

text: August

text: several

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: were

text: damaged

text: by

text: bombs

text: particularly

text: the

text: Palais

text: Rohan

text: the

text: Old

text: Customs

text: House

text: Ancienne

text: Douane

text: and

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: officially

text: liberated

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Armoured

text: Division

text: under

text: General

text: Leclerc

text: He

text: achieved

text: the

text: oath

text: that

text: he

text: made

text: with

text: his

text: soldiers

text: after

text: the

text: decisive

text: Capture

text: of

text: Kufra

text: With

text: the

text: Oath

text: of

text: Kuffra

text: they

text: swore

text: to

text: keep

text: up

text: the

text: fight

text: until

text: the

text: French

text: flag

text: flew

text: over

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Strasbourg

question: Who led the first Alsatian resistance movement?

answer: Marcel Weinum

text: Marcel Weinum

question: Who was the highest commander that is under Hitler?

answer: Gauleiter Robert Wagner

text: Gauleiter Robert Wagner

question: How was Marcel Weinum executed?

answer: beheaded

text: beheaded

question: What was the city attacked by in 1943?

answer: Allied aircraft

text: Allied aircraft

question: On what date was the city liberated?

answer: 23 November 1944

text: 23 November 1944


text: Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business. Groups that tend to support DST are urban workers, retail businesses, outdoor sports enthusiasts and businesses, tourism operators, and others who benefit from increased light during the evening in summer.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Proponents

text: of

text: DST

text: generally

text: argue

text: that

text: it

text: saves

text: energy

text: promotes

text: outdoor

text: leisure

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: evening

text: in

text: summer

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: good

text: for

text: physical

text: and

text: psychological

text: health

text: reduces

text: traffic

text: accidents

text: reduces

text: crime

text: or

text: is

text: good

text: for

text: business

text: Groups

text: that

text: tend

text: to

text: support

text: DST

text: are

text: urban

text: workers

text: retail

text: businesses

text: outdoor

text: sports

text: enthusiasts

text: and

text: businesses

text: tourism

text: operators

text: and

text: others

text: who

text: benefit

text: from

text: increased

text: light

text: during

text: the

text: evening

text: in

text: summer

question: Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers?

answer: urban workers

text: urban workers

question: If people have more daylight in the evenings, what season might see a rise in outdoor activity?

answer: summer

text: summer

question: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?

answer: saves energy

text: saves energy


text: Antarctica continued to become more isolated and finally developed a permanent ice cap. Mountain building in western North America continued, and the Alps started to rise in Europe as the African plate continued to push north into the Eurasian plate, isolating the remnants of Tethys Sea. A brief marine incursion marks the early Oligocene in Europe. There appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. During the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and drifted north toward North America. It also allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to flow, rapidly cooling the continent.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: Antarctica

text: continued

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: isolated

text: and

text: finally

text: developed

text: a

text: permanent

text: ice

text: cap

text: Mountain

text: building

text: in

text: western

text: North

text: America

text: continued

text: and

text: the

text: Alps

text: started

text: to

text: rise

text: in

text: Europe

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: plate

text: continued

text: to

text: push

text: north

text: into

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: plate

text: isolating

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: Tethys

text: Sea

text: A

text: brief

text: marine

text: incursion

text: marks

text: the

text: early

text: Oligocene

text: in

text: Europe

text: There

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Oligocene

text: between

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: since

text: the

text: faunas

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: regions

text: are

text: very

text: similar

text: During

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: South

text: America

text: was

text: finally

text: detached

text: from

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: drifted

text: north

text: toward

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: also

text: allowed

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Circumpolar

text: Current

text: to

text: flow

text: rapidly

text: cooling

text: the

text: continent

question: What permanent structure formed on Antarctica?

answer: ice cap

text: ice cap

question: The lift of which mountain range in Europe was the result of the African plate moving north into the Eurasian?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps

question: During what period was there a land bridge joining Europe and North America?

answer: Oligocene

text: Oligocene

question: In the Oligocene period South America broke free from what other continent?

answer: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

question: Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica?

answer: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

text: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current


text: During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: During

text: the

text: celebration

text: theaters

text: called

text: tablados

text: are

text: built

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: throughout

text: the

text: cities

text: especially

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: Traditionally

text: formed

text: by

text: men

text: and

text: now

text: starting

text: to

text: be

text: open

text: to

text: women

text: the

text: different

text: Carnival

text: groups

text: Murgas

text: Lubolos

text: or

text: Parodistas

text: perform

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: popular

text: opera

text: at

text: the

text: tablados

text: singing

text: and

text: dancing

text: songs

text: that

text: generally

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: situation

text: The

text: Calls

text: groups

text: basically

text: formed

text: by

text: drummers

text: playing

text: the

text: tamboril

text: perform

text: candombe

text: rhythmic

text: figures

text: Revelers

text: wear

text: their

text: festival

text: clothing

text: Each

text: group

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: theme

text: Women

text: wearing

text: elegant

text: bright

text: dresses

text: are

text: called

text: vedettes

text: and

text: provide

text: a

text: sensual

text: touch

text: to

text: parades

question: What are built in many places through the cities?

answer: tablados

text: tablados

question: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?

answer: opera

text: opera

question: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?

answer: the social and political situation

text: the social and political situation

question: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?

answer: candombe

text: candombe

question: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?

answer: sensual

text: sensual


text: The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Brasília' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Brasília proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Brasília as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Brasília hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: a

text: unique

text: status

text: in

text: Brazil

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: division

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: legal

text: municipality

text: like

text: other

text: cities

text: in

text: Brazil

text: The

text: name

text: Brasília

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: synonym

text: for

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: through

text: synecdoche

text: However

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: administrative

text: regions

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: Brasília

text: proper

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: a

text: survey

text: Demographic

text: publications

text: generally

text: do

text: not

text: make

text: this

text: distinction

text: and

text: list

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Brasília

text: as

text: synonymous

text: with

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: considering

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: it

text: as

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: host

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: Additionally

text: Brasília

text: hosted

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Confederations

text: Cup

question: How many administrative regions does the Federal District have?

answer: 31

question: What is Brasilia's proper city population?

answer: 209,926

question: What does Brasilia's metro area consist of?

answer: the Federal District

text: the Federal District

question: Which World Cup did Brasilia host?

answer: 2014

question: Which Confederations Cup did Brasilia host?

answer: 2013


text: GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974.

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: GE

text: is

text: a

text: multinational

text: conglomerate

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Fairfield

text: Connecticut

text: Its

text: main

text: offices

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: Rockefeller

text: Plaza

text: at

text: Rockefeller

text: Center

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: known

text: now

text: as

text: the

text: Comcast

text: Building

text: It

text: was

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: for

text: the

text: prominent

text: GE

text: logo

text: on

text: the

text: roof

text: NBC

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: and

text: main

text: studios

text: are

text: also

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: building

text: Through

text: its

text: RCA

text: subsidiary

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: center

text: since

text: its

text: construction

text: in

text: the

text: GE

text: moved

text: its

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: from

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: on

text: Lexington

text: Avenue

text: to

text: Fairfield

text: in

question: Where is GE's headquarters located?

answer: Fairfield, Connecticut

text: Fairfield, Connecticut

question: On what street in New York was GE headquartered before moving to Fairfield?

answer: Lexington Avenue

text: Lexington Avenue

question: In what year did GE move its headquarters to Fairfield?

answer: 1974

question: Which television broadcast company is located in the same building as GE's main offices in New York City?

answer: NBC

text: NBC

question: What was the former name of the Comcast Building, location of GE's main offices?

answer: 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center

text: 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center


text: Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: civilisations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: many

text: other

text: civilisations

text: and

text: nations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: through

text: so

text: many

text: eras

text: starting

text: from

text: prehistoric

text: age

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: age

text: passing

text: through

text: so

text: many

text: ages

text: such

text: as

text: Pharonic

text: Roman

text: Greek

text: Islamic

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: ages

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: wide

text: variation

text: of

text: ages

text: the

text: continuous

text: contact

text: with

text: other

text: nations

text: and

text: the

text: big

text: number

text: of

text: conflicts

text: Egypt

text: had

text: been

text: through

text: at

text: least

text: museums

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Egypt

text: mainly

text: covering

text: a

text: wide

text: area

text: of

text: these

text: ages

text: and

text: conflicts

question: What is the oldest era in Egypt?

answer: prehistoric

text: prehistoric

question: How many museums are found in Egypt?

answer: at least 60

text: at least 60

question: What are some examples of Ages in Egypt?

answer: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic

text: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic


text: For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body—the milieu intérieur, as pioneering physiologist Claude Bernard called it—is known as homeostasis (Greek for "standing still"). Maintaining homeostasis is a crucial function of the brain. The basic principle that underlies homeostasis is negative feedback: any time a parameter diverges from its set-point, sensors generate an error signal that evokes a response that causes the parameter to shift back toward its optimum value. (This principle is widely used in engineering, for example in the control of temperature using a thermostat.)

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: For

text: any

text: animal

text: survival

text: requires

text: maintaining

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: parameters

text: of

text: bodily

text: state

text: within

text: a

text: limited

text: range

text: of

text: variation

text: these

text: include

text: temperature

text: water

text: content

text: salt

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: blood

text: glucose

text: levels

text: blood

text: oxygen

text: level

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: an

text: animal

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: internal

text: environment

text: of

text: its

text: body

text: the

text: milieu

text: intérieur

text: as

text: pioneering

text: physiologist

text: Claude

text: Bernard

text: called

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: homeostasis

text: Greek

text: for

text: standing

text: still

text: Maintaining

text: homeostasis

text: is

text: a

text: crucial

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: The

text: basic

text: principle

text: that

text: underlies

text: homeostasis

text: is

text: negative

text: feedback

text: any

text: time

text: a

text: parameter

text: diverges

text: from

text: its

text: set

text: point

text: sensors

text: generate

text: an

text: error

text: signal

text: that

text: evokes

text: a

text: response

text: that

text: causes

text: the

text: parameter

text: to

text: shift

text: back

text: toward

text: its

text: optimum

text: value

text: This

text: principle

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: engineering

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: temperature

text: using

text: a

text: thermostat

question: Homeostasis is defined as what?

answer: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body

text: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body

question: Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase?

answer: "standing still"

text: "standing still"

question: The milieu interieur term was used by what physiologist?

answer: Claude Bernard

text: Claude Bernard

question: Homeostasis is like what household tool?

answer: a thermostat.

text: a thermostat.


text: By the early and mid-20th century, the city was in decline as factories became old and obsolete, and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere. Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), which was established in 1957. In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with vociferous public opposition.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: century

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: in

text: decline

text: as

text: factories

text: became

text: old

text: and

text: obsolete

text: and

text: businesses

text: moved

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: for

text: cheaper

text: labor

text: elsewhere

text: Boston

text: responded

text: by

text: initiating

text: various

text: urban

text: renewal

text: projects

text: under

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: Boston

text: Redevelopment

text: Authority

text: BRA

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: In

text: BRA

text: initiated

text: a

text: project

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: historic

text: West

text: End

text: neighborhood

text: Extensive

text: demolition

text: was

text: met

text: with

text: vociferous

text: public

text: opposition

question: During what century did businesses move out of Boston to find cheaper labor?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: Projects to renew the city were put into place by what?

answer: the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA)

text: the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA)

question: How did the people of Boston react to the demolition of the West End?

answer: with vociferous public opposition.

text: with vociferous public opposition.


text: It is not clearly documented when the title of the Grand Duke was first introduced, but the importance of the Kiev principality was recognized after the death of Sviatoslav I in 972 and the ensuing struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I. The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan Rus' for the next two centuries. The Grand Prince ("velikiy kniaz'") of Kiev controlled the lands around the city, and his formally subordinate relatives ruled the other cities and paid him tribute. The zenith of the state's power came during the reigns of Vladimir the Great (980–1015) and Prince Yaroslav I the Wise (1019–1054). Both rulers continued the steady expansion of Kievan Rus' that had begun under Oleg.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: clearly

text: documented

text: when

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: was

text: first

text: introduced

text: but

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: Kiev

text: principality

text: was

text: recognized

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Sviatoslav

text: I

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: ensuing

text: struggle

text: between

text: Vladimir

text: the

text: Great

text: and

text: Yaropolk

text: I.

text: The

text: region

text: of

text: Kiev

text: dominated

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: centuries

text: The

text: Grand

text: Prince

text: velikiy

text: kniaz

text: of

text: Kiev

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: his

text: formally

text: subordinate

text: relatives

text: ruled

text: the

text: other

text: cities

text: and

text: paid

text: him

text: tribute

text: The

text: zenith

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: power

text: came

text: during

text: the

text: reigns

text: of

text: Vladimir

text: the

text: Great

text: and

text: Prince

text: Yaroslav

text: I

text: the

text: Wise

text: Both

text: rulers

text: continued

text: the

text: steady

text: expansion

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: under

text: Oleg

question: What year did Sviatoslav pass away?

answer: 972

question: How long did the region of Kiev dominate the State of the Rus?

answer: two centuries

text: two centuries

question: What years did Vladimir the Great reign as leader?

answer: 980–1015


text: With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: With

text: the

text: new

text: stadium

text: Barcelona

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: inaugural

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: Cup

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: teams

text: of

text: Languedoc

text: Midi

text: and

text: Aquitaine

text: Southern

text: France

text: the

text: Basque

text: Country

text: and

text: Catalonia

text: all

text: were

text: former

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Marca

text: Hispanica

text: region

text: The

text: contest

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: prestigious

text: in

text: that

text: era

text: From

text: the

text: inaugural

text: year

text: in

text: to

text: Barcelona

text: won

text: the

text: competition

text: four

text: consecutive

text: times

text: Carles

text: Comamala

text: played

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: time

text: champion

text: managing

text: the

text: side

text: along

text: with

text: Amechazurra

text: and

text: Jack

text: Greenwell

text: The

text: latter

text: became

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: first

text: full

text: time

text: coach

text: in

text: The

text: last

text: edition

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: which

text: local

text: rivals

text: Espanyol

text: won

question: How many times did Barcelona win the Pyrenees Cup?

answer: four

text: four

question: From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition?

answer: Marca Hispanica

text: Marca Hispanica

question: When was the Pyrenees Cup play begun?

answer: 1910

question: Who was Barcelona's first full time coach?

answer: Jack Greenwell

text: Jack Greenwell

question: When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?

answer: 1914


text: Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages. This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Within

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: tree

text: Dutch

text: is

text: grouped

text: within

text: the

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: which

text: means

text: it

text: shares

text: a

text: common

text: ancestor

text: with

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: English

text: German

text: and

text: Scandinavian

text: languages

text: All

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: are

text: united

text: by

text: subjection

text: to

text: the

text: sound

text: shifts

text: of

text: Grimm

text: 's

text: law

text: and

text: Verner

text: 's

text: law

text: which

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Proto

text: Germanic

text: language

text: and

text: define

text: the

text: basic

text: differentiating

text: features

text: from

text: other

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: This

text: assumed

text: to

text: have

text: originated

text: in

text: approximately

text: the

text: mid

text: first

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: in

text: Iron

text: Age

text: northern

text: Europe

question: Which language tree groups Dutch with English?

answer: Indo-European

text: Indo-European

question: What group of languages have to comply with Grimm's law?

answer: Germanic

text: Germanic

question: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?

answer: Iron Age

text: Iron Age

question: Along with Grimm's law, what's the other rule for Germanic-sounding speech called?

answer: Verner's law

text: Verner's law

question: What does a language need to share with the group in order to be classified as Germanic?

answer: common ancestor

text: common ancestor


text: About 5% of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous. The largest indigenous group in Nicaragua is the Miskito people. Their territory extended from Cape Camarón, Honduras, to Rio Grande, Nicaragua along the Mosquito Coast. There is a native Miskito language, but large groups speak Miskito Coast Creole, Spanish, Rama and other languages. The Creole English came about through frequent contact with the British who colonized the area. Many are Christians. Traditional Miskito society was highly structured with a defined political structure. There was a king, but he did not have total power. Instead, the power was split between himself, a governor, a general, and by the 1750s, an admiral. Historical information on kings is often obscured by the fact that many of the kings were semi-mythical. Another major group is the Mayangna (or Sumu) people, counting some 10,000 people.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: About

text: of

text: the

text: Nicaraguan

text: population

text: are

text: indigenous

text: The

text: largest

text: indigenous

text: group

text: in

text: Nicaragua

text: is

text: the

text: Miskito

text: people

text: Their

text: territory

text: extended

text: from

text: Cape

text: Camarón

text: Honduras

text: to

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: Nicaragua

text: along

text: the

text: Mosquito

text: Coast

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: native

text: Miskito

text: language

text: but

text: large

text: groups

text: speak

text: Miskito

text: Coast

text: Creole

text: Spanish

text: Rama

text: and

text: other

text: languages

text: The

text: Creole

text: English

text: came

text: about

text: through

text: frequent

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: who

text: colonized

text: the

text: area

text: Many

text: are

text: Christians

text: Traditional

text: Miskito

text: society

text: was

text: highly

text: structured

text: with

text: a

text: defined

text: political

text: structure

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: king

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: total

text: power

text: Instead

text: the

text: power

text: was

text: split

text: between

text: himself

text: a

text: governor

text: a

text: general

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: an

text: admiral

text: Historical

text: information

text: on

text: kings

text: is

text: often

text: obscured

text: by

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: kings

text: were

text: semi

text: mythical

text: Another

text: major

text: group

text: is

text: the

text: Mayangna

text: or

text: Sumu

text: people

text: counting

text: some

text: people

question: What percentage of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous?

answer: About 5%

text: About 5%

question: How did Creole English come about?

answer: frequent contact with the British

text: frequent contact with the British

question: What is the largest indigenous group in Nicaragua?

answer: Miskito

text: Miskito

question: What didn't the king have in Miskito society?

answer: total power

text: total power

question: How many Mayanga people are in Nicaragua?

answer: some 10,000

text: some 10,000


text: While pro wrestling is often described simplistically as a "soap opera for males", it has also been cited as filling the role of past forms of literature and theatre; a synthesis of classical heroics, commedia dell'arte, revenge tragedies, morality plays, and burlesque. The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current mood, attitudes, and concerns of that promotion's society (and can, in turn, influence those same things). Wrestling's high levels of violence and masculinity make it a vicarious outlet for aggression during peacetime.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: While

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: is

text: often

text: described

text: simplistically

text: as

text: a

text: soap

text: opera

text: for

text: males

text: it

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: cited

text: as

text: filling

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: past

text: forms

text: of

text: literature

text: and

text: theatre

text: a

text: synthesis

text: of

text: classical

text: heroics

text: commedia

text: dell'arte

text: revenge

text: tragedies

text: morality

text: plays

text: and

text: burlesque

text: The

text: characters

text: and

text: storylines

text: portrayed

text: by

text: a

text: successful

text: promotion

text: are

text: seen

text: to

text: reflect

text: the

text: current

text: mood

text: attitudes

text: and

text: concerns

text: of

text: that

text: promotion

text: 's

text: society

text: and

text: can

text: in

text: turn

text: influence

text: those

text: same

text: things

text: Wrestling

text: 's

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: violence

text: and

text: masculinity

text: make

text: it

text: a

text: vicarious

text: outlet

text: for

text: aggression

text: during

text: peacetime

question: What is wrestling sometimes called?

answer: "soap opera for males"

text: "soap opera for males"

question: What is wrestling to people during a peaceful time?

answer: vicarious outlet for aggression

text: vicarious outlet for aggression

question: What role does wrestling fill?

answer: past forms of literature and theatre;

text: past forms of literature and theatre;


text: On the other hand, classical (analog) television transmissions are usually horizontally polarized, because in urban areas buildings can reflect the electromagnetic waves and create ghost images due to multipath propagation. Using horizontal polarization, ghosting is reduced because the amount of reflection of electromagnetic waves in the p polarization (horizontal polarization off the side of a building) is generally less than s (vertical, in this case) polarization. Vertically polarized analog television has nevertheless been used in some rural areas. In digital terrestrial television such reflections are less problematic, due to robustness of binary transmissions and error correction.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: classical

text: analog

text: television

text: transmissions

text: are

text: usually

text: horizontally

text: polarized

text: because

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: buildings

text: can

text: reflect

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: waves

text: and

text: create

text: ghost

text: images

text: due

text: to

text: multipath

text: propagation

text: Using

text: horizontal

text: polarization

text: ghosting

text: is

text: reduced

text: because

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: reflection

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: waves

text: in

text: the

text: p

text: polarization

text: horizontal

text: polarization

text: off

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: is

text: generally

text: less

text: than

text: s

text: vertical

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: polarization

text: Vertically

text: polarized

text: analog

text: television

text: has

text: nevertheless

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: rural

text: areas

text: In

text: digital

text: terrestrial

text: television

text: such

text: reflections

text: are

text: less

text: problematic

text: due

text: to

text: robustness

text: of

text: binary

text: transmissions

text: and

text: error

text: correction

question: What is another name for classical television transmissions?

answer: analog

text: analog

question: Buildings can create ghost images because of what?

answer: multipath propagation

text: multipath propagation

question: When is ghosting reduced?

answer: horizontal polarization

text: horizontal polarization

question: What cause less problems in digital terrestrial television?

answer: Vertically polarized analog television

text: Vertically polarized analog television


text: Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in Spain.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Afro

text: Spaniards

text: are

text: Spanish

text: nationals

text: of

text: West

text: Central

text: African

text: descent

text: They

text: today

text: mainly

text: come

text: from

text: Angola

text: Brazil

text: Cameroon

text: Cape

text: Verde

text: Equatorial

text: Guinea

text: Ghana

text: Gambia

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: Mali

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: Senegal

text: Additionally

text: many

text: Afro

text: Spaniards

text: born

text: in

text: Spain

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Spanish

text: colony

text: Equatorial

text: Guinea

text: Today

text: there

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: Afro

text: Spaniards

text: in

text: Spain

question: What are Afro-Spaniards?

answer: Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent

text: Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent

question: Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?

answer: Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal

text: Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal

question: Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?

answer: Equatorial Guinea

text: Equatorial Guinea

question: How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?

answer: an estimated 683,000

text: an estimated 683,000


text: In the Regal era, a rex sacrorum (king of the sacred rites) supervised regal and state rites in conjunction with the king (rex) or in his absence, and announced the public festivals. He had little or no civil authority. With the abolition of monarchy, the collegial power and influence of the Republican pontifices increased. By the late Republican era, the flamines were supervised by the pontifical collegia. The rex sacrorum had become a relatively obscure priesthood with an entirely symbolic title: his religious duties still included the daily, ritual announcement of festivals and priestly duties within two or three of the latter but his most important priestly role – the supervision of the Vestals and their rites – fell to the more politically powerful and influential pontifex maximus.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: In

text: the

text: Regal

text: era

text: a

text: rex

text: sacrorum

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: sacred

text: rites

text: supervised

text: regal

text: and

text: state

text: rites

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: king

text: rex

text: or

text: in

text: his

text: absence

text: and

text: announced

text: the

text: public

text: festivals

text: He

text: had

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: civil

text: authority

text: With

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: monarchy

text: the

text: collegial

text: power

text: and

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Republican

text: pontifices

text: increased

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: Republican

text: era

text: the

text: flamines

text: were

text: supervised

text: by

text: the

text: pontifical

text: collegia

text: The

text: rex

text: sacrorum

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: relatively

text: obscure

text: priesthood

text: with

text: an

text: entirely

text: symbolic

text: title

text: his

text: religious

text: duties

text: still

text: included

text: the

text: daily

text: ritual

text: announcement

text: of

text: festivals

text: and

text: priestly

text: duties

text: within

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: but

text: his

text: most

text: important

text: priestly

text: role

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: the

text: Vestals

text: and

text: their

text: rites

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: politically

text: powerful

text: and

text: influential

text: pontifex

text: maximus

question: Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings?

answer: rex sacrorum

text: rex sacrorum

question: What type of authority did the rex sacrorum lack?

answer: civil

text: civil

question: What group's power increased after the rise of the Roman Republic?

answer: Republican pontifices

text: Republican pontifices

question: What individual became more powerful during the late Republic?

answer: pontifex maximus

text: pontifex maximus

question: By the late Republic, what position had become largely symbolic?

answer: rex sacrorum

text: rex sacrorum


text: Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: Executive

text: power

text: is

text: vested

text: with

text: exceptions

text: and

text: qualifications

text: in

text: the

text: President

text: By

text: law

text: Section

text: the

text: president

text: becomes

text: the

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: and

text: Navy

text: Militia

text: of

text: several

text: states

text: when

text: called

text: into

text: service

text: has

text: power

text: to

text: make

text: treaties

text: and

text: appointments

text: to

text: office

text: with

text: the

text: Advice

text: and

text: Consent

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: receive

text: Ambassadors

text: and

text: Public

text: Ministers

text: and

text: take

text: care

text: that

text: the

text: laws

text: be

text: faithfully

text: executed

text: Section

text: By

text: using

text: these

text: words

text: the

text: Constitution

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: the

text: president

text: to

text: personally

text: enforce

text: the

text: law

text: rather

text: officers

text: subordinate

text: to

text: the

text: president

text: may

text: perform

text: such

text: duties

text: The

text: Constitution

text: empowers

text: the

text: president

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: faithful

text: execution

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: made

text: by

text: Congress

text: and

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: Congress

text: may

text: itself

text: terminate

text: such

text: appointments

text: by

text: impeachment

text: and

text: restrict

text: the

text: president

text: Bodies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: War

text: Claims

text: Commission

text: the

text: Interstate

text: Commerce

text: Commission

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Trade

text: Commission

text: all

text: quasi

text: judicial

text: often

text: have

text: direct

text: Congressional

text: oversight

question: Which branches of the national military does the U.S. president command?

answer: Army and Navy

text: Army and Navy

question: Whose approval is required for the president's appointees to take office?

answer: Senate

text: Senate

question: What is a Congressional means of removing presidential appointees?

answer: impeachment

text: impeachment

question: What term can characterize the status of bodies like the War Claims Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission?

answer: quasi-judicial

text: quasi-judicial

question: Which of the three branches has the duty of Commander and Chief?

answer: Executive

text: Executive

question: Who has the authority to make treaties?

answer: the President

text: the President

question: What is it called when congress terminates an appointment of the President?

answer: impeachment

text: impeachment

question: Who has over-sight of the Federal Trade Commission?

answer: Congress

text: Congress


text: Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group. These generals completed the plans for the attack by May. The original plans called for a skirmish to be initiated in the Ongjin Peninsula on the west coast of Korea. The North Koreans would then launch a "counterattack" that would capture Seoul and encircle and destroy the South Korean army. The final stage would involve destroying South Korean government remnants, capturing the rest of South Korea, including the ports.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Soviet

text: generals

text: with

text: extensive

text: combat

text: experience

text: from

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: North

text: Korea

text: as

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Advisory

text: Group

text: These

text: generals

text: completed

text: the

text: plans

text: for

text: the

text: attack

text: by

text: May.

text: The

text: original

text: plans

text: called

text: for

text: a

text: skirmish

text: to

text: be

text: initiated

text: in

text: the

text: Ongjin

text: Peninsula

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Korea

text: The

text: North

text: Koreans

text: would

text: then

text: launch

text: a

text: counterattack

text: that

text: would

text: capture

text: Seoul

text: and

text: encircle

text: and

text: destroy

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: army

text: The

text: final

text: stage

text: would

text: involve

text: destroying

text: South

text: Korean

text: government

text: remnants

text: capturing

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: South

text: Korea

text: including

text: the

text: ports

question: Who did the Soviets send to North Korea?

answer: Soviet generals

text: Soviet generals

question: Where did the conflict in South Korea begin?

answer: Ongjin Peninsula

text: Ongjin Peninsula

question: What were the generals sent to North Korea collectively called?

answer: the Soviet Advisory Group

text: the Soviet Advisory Group

question: When did the generals finalize their attack strategy?

answer: May

text: May


text: Napoleon acknowledged one illegitimate son: Charles Léon (1806–1881) by Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne. Alexandre Colonna-Walewski (1810–1868), the son of his mistress Maria Walewska, although acknowledged by Walewska's husband, was also widely known to be his child, and the DNA of his direct male descendant has been used to help confirm Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype. He may have had further unacknowledged illegitimate offspring as well, such as Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld by Emilie Victoria Kraus and Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte (1816–1907) by Albine de Montholon.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: acknowledged

text: one

text: illegitimate

text: son

text: Charles

text: Léon

text: by

text: Eléonore

text: Denuelle

text: de

text: La

text: Plaigne

text: Alexandre

text: Colonna

text: Walewski

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: his

text: mistress

text: Maria

text: Walewska

text: although

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: Walewska

text: 's

text: husband

text: was

text: also

text: widely

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: his

text: child

text: and

text: the

text: DNA

text: of

text: his

text: direct

text: male

text: descendant

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: confirm

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: haplotype

text: He

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: further

text: unacknowledged

text: illegitimate

text: offspring

text: as

text: well

text: such

text: as

text: Eugen

text: Megerle

text: von

text: Mühlfeld

text: by

text: Emilie

text: Victoria

text: Kraus

text: and

text: Hélène

text: Napoleone

text: Bonaparte

text: by

text: Albine

text: de

text: Montholon

question: What was the name of the illegitimate son acknowledged by Napoleon?

answer: Charles Léon

text: Charles Léon

question: Who was the mother of Charles Léon?

answer: Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne

text: Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne

question: Who was Napoleon's illegitimate son by his mistress, Maria Walewska?

answer: Alexandre Colonna-Walewski

text: Alexandre Colonna-Walewski

question: DNA from Alexandre Colonna-Walewski's descendants has been used to confirm what attribute of Napoleon's?

answer: Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype

text: Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype

question: Who was the child of Emilie Victoria Kraus who might have been another of Napoleon's illegitimate children?

answer: Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld

text: Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld


text: Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: Pan

text: Germanism

text: 's

text: origins

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: following

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: The

text: wars

text: launched

text: a

text: new

text: movement

text: that

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: France

text: itself

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Nationalism

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: threatened

text: the

text: old

text: aristocratic

text: regimes

text: Many

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: of

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: had

text: been

text: divided

text: for

text: centuries

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: old

text: Monarchies

text: of

text: the

text: Romanovs

text: and

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: Germans

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: loose

text: and

text: disunited

text: people

text: since

text: the

text: Reformation

text: when

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: shattered

text: into

text: a

text: patchwork

text: of

text: states

text: The

text: new

text: German

text: nationalists

text: mostly

text: young

text: reformers

text: such

text: as

text: Johann

text: Tillmann

text: of

text: East

text: Prussia

text: sought

text: to

text: unite

text: all

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: and

text: ethnic

text: German

text: Volksdeutsche

text: people

question: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?

answer: 19th

question: What movement came out of the French Revolution?

answer: Nationalism

text: Nationalism

question: Who was threatened by Nationalism?

answer: aristocratic regimes

text: aristocratic regimes

question: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?

answer: Romanovs and the Habsburgs

text: Romanovs and the Habsburgs

question: Where was Johann Tillmann from?

answer: East Prussia

text: East Prussia


text: The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in the Weddell Sea. Antarctic krill, which congregate in large schools, is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: fur

text: seal

text: was

text: very

text: heavily

text: hunted

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: for

text: its

text: pelt

text: by

text: sealers

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: Weddell

text: seal

text: a

text: true

text: seal

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Sir

text: James

text: Weddell

text: commander

text: of

text: British

text: sealing

text: expeditions

text: in

text: the

text: Weddell

text: Sea

text: Antarctic

text: krill

text: which

text: congregate

text: in

text: large

text: schools

text: is

text: the

text: keystone

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: ecosystem

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: food

text: organism

text: for

text: whales

text: seals

text: leopard

text: seals

text: fur

text: seals

text: squid

text: icefish

text: penguins

text: albatrosses

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: birds

question: What animal was greatly hunted during the 18th and 19th centuries?

answer: Antarctic fur seal

text: Antarctic fur seal

question: What did  Sir James Weddell command?

answer: British sealing expeditions

text: British sealing expeditions

question: For whom is the Weddell seal named ?

answer: Sir James Weddell

text: Sir James Weddell

question: What is a very important species in the Southern Ocean?

answer: Antarctic krill

text: Antarctic krill

question: Why is the krill so important to the Antarctic area?

answer: important food

text: important food


text: Protestants reject the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine that it is the one true church, believing in the invisible church, which consists of all who profess faith in Jesus Christ. Some Protestant denominations are less accepting of other denominations, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others. Individual denominations also have formed over very subtle theological differences. Other denominations are simply regional or ethnic expressions of the same beliefs. Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestants

text: reject

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: one

text: true

text: church

text: believing

text: in

text: the

text: invisible

text: church

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: all

text: who

text: profess

text: faith

text: in

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: Some

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: are

text: less

text: accepting

text: of

text: other

text: denominations

text: and

text: the

text: basic

text: orthodoxy

text: of

text: some

text: is

text: questioned

text: by

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: others

text: Individual

text: denominations

text: also

text: have

text: formed

text: over

text: very

text: subtle

text: theological

text: differences

text: Other

text: denominations

text: are

text: simply

text: regional

text: or

text: ethnic

text: expressions

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: beliefs

text: Because

text: the

text: five

text: solas

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: tenets

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: faith

text: non

text: denominational

text: groups

text: and

text: organizations

text: are

text: also

text: considered

text: Protestant

question: What type of church do Protestants believe in?

answer: the invisible church

text: the invisible church

question: Who comprises the invisible church?

answer: all who profess faith in Jesus Christ

text: all who profess faith in Jesus Christ

question: What is the name of the main principles of Protestantism?

answer: the five solas

text: the five solas

question: What other entities are also considered to be Protestant?

answer: non-denominational groups and organizations

text: non-denominational groups and organizations

question: What Catholic doctrine do Protestants not believe in?

answer: it is the one true church

text: it is the one true church