text: The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: Congregation

text: of

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: Latin

text: Congregatio

text: a

text: Sancta

text: Cruce

text: abbreviated

text: postnominals

text: CSC

text: While

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: criterion

text: for

text: admission

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: students

text: identify

text: as

text: Christian

text: with

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: being

text: Catholic

text: Collectively

text: Catholic

text: Mass

text: is

text: celebrated

text: over

text: times

text: per

text: week

text: on

text: campus

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: campus

text: ministry

text: program

text: provides

text: for

text: the

text: faith

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: There

text: are

text: multitudes

text: of

text: religious

text: statues

text: and

text: artwork

text: around

text: campus

text: most

text: prominent

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: statue

text: of

text: Mary

text: on

text: the

text: Main

text: Building

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Grotto

text: and

text: the

text: Word

text: of

text: Life

text: mural

text: on

text: Hesburgh

text: Library

text: depicting

text: Christ

text: as

text: a

text: teacher

text: Additionally

text: every

text: classroom

text: displays

text: a

text: crucifix

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: religious

text: clubs

text: catholic

text: and

text: non

text: Catholic

text: at

text: the

text: school

text: including

text: Council

text: of

text: the

text: Knights

text: of

text: Columbus

text: KOC

text: Baptist

text: Collegiate

text: Ministry

text: BCM

text: Jewish

text: Club

text: Muslim

text: Student

text: Association

text: Orthodox

text: Christian

text: Fellowship

text: The

text: Mormon

text: Club

text: and

text: many

text: more

text: The

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: KofC

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: collegiate

text: council

text: of

text: KofC

text: operating

text: a

text: charitable

text: concession

text: stand

text: during

text: every

text: home

text: football

text: game

text: and

text: owning

text: their

text: own

text: building

text: on

text: campus

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: cigar

text: lounge

text: Fifty

text: seven

text: chapels

text: are

text: located

text: throughout

text: the

text: campus

question: What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin?

answer: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce

text: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce

question: What percentage of Notre Dame students feel they are Christian?

answer: more than 93%

text: more than 93%

question: How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week?

answer: over 100 times

text: over 100 times

question: How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus?

answer: Fifty-seven

text: Fifty-seven

question: What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic?

answer: over 80%

text: over 80%


text: The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest and formed the Mahasanghika. This contradicts the Mahasanghikas' own vinaya, which shows them as on the same, winning side. The Mahāsāṅghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya and may also have challenged what they perceived were excessive claims or inhumanly high criteria for arhatship. Both parties, therefore, appealed to tradition.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: root

text: schism

text: was

text: between

text: the

text: Sthaviras

text: and

text: the

text: Mahāsāṅghikas

text: The

text: fortunate

text: survival

text: of

text: accounts

text: from

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: dispute

text: reveals

text: disparate

text: traditions

text: The

text: Sthavira

text: group

text: offers

text: two

text: quite

text: distinct

text: reasons

text: for

text: the

text: schism

text: The

text: Dipavamsa

text: of

text: the

text: Theravāda

text: says

text: that

text: the

text: losing

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Council

text: dispute

text: broke

text: away

text: in

text: protest

text: and

text: formed

text: the

text: Mahasanghika

text: This

text: contradicts

text: the

text: Mahasanghikas

text: own

text: vinaya

text: which

text: shows

text: them

text: as

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: winning

text: side

text: The

text: Mahāsāṅghikas

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: Sthaviras

text: were

text: trying

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: vinaya

text: and

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: challenged

text: what

text: they

text: perceived

text: were

text: excessive

text: claims

text: or

text: inhumanly

text: high

text: criteria

text: for

text: arhatship

text: Both

text: parties

text: therefore

text: appealed

text: to

text: tradition

question: The major schism was between the Sthaviras and what other group?

answer: Mahasanghikas

text: Mahasanghikas

question: The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what?

answer: Mahasanghika

text: Mahasanghika

question: The Mahasanghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand what?

answer: the vinaya

text: the vinaya


text: Flares can also be used by the military to mark positions, usually for targeting, but laser-guided and GPS weapons have eliminated this need for the most part.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Flares

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: military

text: to

text: mark

text: positions

text: usually

text: for

text: targeting

text: but

text: laser

text: guided

text: and

text: GPS

text: weapons

text: have

text: eliminated

text: this

text: need

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

question: What can be used by military for targeting?

answer: Flares

text: Flares

question: What has eliminated the need for flares on a battlefield?

answer: laser-guided and GPS weapons

text: laser-guided and GPS weapons


text: The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by artists from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including paintings, photographs, prints, drawings, and mixed media. The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent a major expansion designed by the architectural firm Arquitectonica.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: Museum

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: founded

text: in

text: exhibits

text: century

text: and

text: contemporary

text: art

text: through

text: its

text: central

text: museum

text: space

text: and

text: square

text: feet

text: of

text: galleries

text: Many

text: of

text: its

text: exhibitions

text: are

text: on

text: themes

text: of

text: special

text: interest

text: to

text: the

text: Bronx

text: Its

text: permanent

text: collection

text: features

text: more

text: than

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: primarily

text: by

text: artists

text: from

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: including

text: paintings

text: photographs

text: prints

text: drawings

text: and

text: mixed

text: media

text: The

text: museum

text: was

text: temporarily

text: closed

text: in

text: while

text: it

text: underwent

text: a

text: major

text: expansion

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: architectural

text: firm

text: Arquitectonica

question: What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?

answer: 20th century and contemporary art

text: 20th century and contemporary art

question: How large are the Bronx Museum of the Arts' galleries?

answer: 11,000 square feet

text: 11,000 square feet

question: When did the Bronx Museum of the Arts open?

answer: 1971

question: How many works are in the Bronx Museum of the Arts' permanent collection?

answer: more than 800

text: more than 800

question: Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?

answer: Arquitectonica

text: Arquitectonica


text: In 1654, Otto von Guericke invented the first vacuum pump and conducted his famous Magdeburg hemispheres experiment, showing that teams of horses could not separate two hemispheres from which the air had been partially evacuated. Robert Boyle improved Guericke's design and with the help of Robert Hooke further developed vacuum pump technology. Thereafter, research into the partial vacuum lapsed until 1850 when August Toepler invented the Toepler Pump and Heinrich Geissler invented the mercury displacement pump in 1855, achieving a partial vacuum of about 10 Pa (0.1 Torr). A number of electrical properties become observable at this vacuum level, which renewed interest in further research.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: In

text: Otto

text: von

text: Guericke

text: invented

text: the

text: first

text: vacuum

text: pump

text: and

text: conducted

text: his

text: famous

text: Magdeburg

text: hemispheres

text: experiment

text: showing

text: that

text: teams

text: of

text: horses

text: could

text: not

text: separate

text: two

text: hemispheres

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: air

text: had

text: been

text: partially

text: evacuated

text: Robert

text: Boyle

text: improved

text: Guericke

text: 's

text: design

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: Robert

text: Hooke

text: further

text: developed

text: vacuum

text: pump

text: technology

text: Thereafter

text: research

text: into

text: the

text: partial

text: vacuum

text: lapsed

text: until

text: when

text: August

text: Toepler

text: invented

text: the

text: Toepler

text: Pump

text: and

text: Heinrich

text: Geissler

text: invented

text: the

text: mercury

text: displacement

text: pump

text: in

text: achieving

text: a

text: partial

text: vacuum

text: of

text: about

text: Pa

text: Torr

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: electrical

text: properties

text: become

text: observable

text: at

text: this

text: vacuum

text: level

text: which

text: renewed

text: interest

text: in

text: further

text: research

question: What was the vacuum created by the mercury displacement pump?

answer: partial vacuum of about 10 Pa (0.1 Torr).

text: partial vacuum of about 10 Pa (0.1 Torr).

question: What year was the Toepler Pump invented?

answer: 1850

question: What was first invented by Otto von Guericke ?

answer: vacuum pump

text: vacuum pump

question: Who conducted the Magdeburg experiment?

answer: Otto von Guericke

text: Otto von Guericke

question: What was made visible at a partial vacuum of 10 Pa?

answer: A number of electrical properties

text: A number of electrical properties


text: The island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (for leading a Zulu army against British rule) and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: island

text: was

text: uninhabited

text: when

text: discovered

text: by

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: remote

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: it

text: was

text: for

text: centuries

text: an

text: important

text: stopover

text: for

text: ships

text: sailing

text: to

text: Europe

text: from

text: Asia

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: imprisoned

text: there

text: in

text: exile

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: as

text: were

text: Dinuzulu

text: kaCetshwayo

text: for

text: leading

text: a

text: Zulu

text: army

text: against

text: British

text: rule

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: Boers

text: taken

text: prisoner

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Boer

text: War

question: When was the island discovered?

answer: 1502

question: How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War?

answer: more than 5,000

text: more than 5,000

question: Why was Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo imprisoned on the island?

answer: leading a Zulu army against British rule

text: leading a Zulu army against British rule


text: Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed. In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: Most

text: web

text: browsers

text: can

text: display

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: web

text: pages

text: that

text: the

text: user

text: has

text: bookmarked

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: user

text: can

text: quickly

text: return

text: to

text: them

text: Bookmarks

text: are

text: also

text: called

text: Favorites

text: in

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: In

text: addition

text: all

text: major

text: web

text: browsers

text: have

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: built

text: in

text: web

text: feed

text: aggregator

text: In

text: Firefox

text: web

text: feeds

text: are

text: formatted

text: as

text: live

text: bookmarks

text: and

text: behave

text: like

text: a

text: folder

text: of

text: bookmarks

text: corresponding

text: to

text: recent

text: entries

text: in

text: the

text: feed

text: In

text: Opera

text: a

text: more

text: traditional

text: feed

text: reader

text: is

text: included

text: which

text: stores

text: and

text: displays

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: the

text: feed

question: A list of websites a user can click to get back to easy have been what by the user?

answer: bookmarked

text: bookmarked

question: What are "bookmarks" called in Internet Explorer?

answer: Favorites

text: Favorites

question: The top browsers have a built-in what?

answer: feed aggregator

text: feed aggregator

question: Firefox does web feeds as what?

answer: live bookmarks

text: live bookmarks

question: The Opera feed reader is more what?

answer: traditional

text: traditional


text: Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon. Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin. However, the continuous upheavals, which characterized the political scenes of Armenia, made the political power move to safer places. The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority. Therefore, it eventually moved to Cilicia as the Holy See of Cilicia.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Armenia

text: established

text: a

text: Church

text: that

text: still

text: exists

text: independently

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Catholic

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: churches

text: having

text: become

text: so

text: in

text: AD

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: its

text: stance

text: regarding

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Chalcedon

text: Today

text: this

text: church

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Apostolic

text: Church

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: communion

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: communion

text: During

text: its

text: later

text: political

text: eclipses

text: Armenia

text: depended

text: on

text: the

text: church

text: to

text: preserve

text: and

text: protect

text: its

text: unique

text: identity

text: The

text: original

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Catholicosate

text: is

text: Echmiadzin

text: However

text: the

text: continuous

text: upheavals

text: which

text: characterized

text: the

text: political

text: scenes

text: of

text: Armenia

text: made

text: the

text: political

text: power

text: move

text: to

text: safer

text: places

text: The

text: Church

text: center

text: moved

text: as

text: well

text: to

text: different

text: locations

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: political

text: authority

text: Therefore

text: it

text: eventually

text: moved

text: to

text: Cilicia

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: of

text: Cilicia

question: When did Armenia's church become independent?

answer: 451 AD

text: 451 AD

question: What is Armenia's church called?

answer: Armenian Apostolic Church

text: Armenian Apostolic Church

question: What type of Catholicism is Armenia's church part of?

answer: Oriental Orthodox

text: Oriental Orthodox

question: Where was the Armenian Catholicosate located at first?

answer: Echmiadzin

text: Echmiadzin

question: Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to?

answer: Cilicia

text: Cilicia


text: In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: prime

text: ministers

text: Sir

text: Anthony

text: Eden

text: and

text: Guy

text: Mollet

text: discussed

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: France

text: joining

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: The

text: proposal

text: was

text: never

text: accepted

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: France

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Rome

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: European

text: Economic

text: Community

text: the

text: precursor

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: In

text: November

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: invaded

text: Egypt

text: in

text: an

text: ultimately

text: unsuccessful

text: attempt

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: Lord

text: Mountbatten

text: claimed

text: the

text: Queen

text: was

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: invasion

text: though

text: Eden

text: denied

text: it

text: Eden

text: resigned

text: two

text: months

text: later

question: When did the prime ministers of Britain and France discuss the idea of France joining the Commonwealth?

answer: 1956

question: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?

answer: Treaty of Rome

text: Treaty of Rome

question: To what was the European Economic Community the precurser?

answer: European Union

text: European Union

question: When did Britain and France invade Egypt?

answer: November 1956

text: November 1956

question: What did the Treaty of Rome establish?

answer: European Economic Community

text: European Economic Community


text: Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, or avoiding obstacles, four or more feet may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Many

text: adult

text: insects

text: use

text: six

text: legs

text: for

text: walking

text: and

text: have

text: adopted

text: a

text: tripedal

text: gait

text: The

text: tripedal

text: gait

text: allows

text: for

text: rapid

text: walking

text: while

text: always

text: having

text: a

text: stable

text: stance

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: studied

text: extensively

text: in

text: cockroaches

text: The

text: legs

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: alternate

text: triangles

text: touching

text: the

text: ground

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: the

text: middle

text: right

text: leg

text: and

text: the

text: front

text: and

text: rear

text: left

text: legs

text: are

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: move

text: the

text: insect

text: forward

text: while

text: the

text: front

text: and

text: rear

text: right

text: leg

text: and

text: the

text: middle

text: left

text: leg

text: are

text: lifted

text: and

text: moved

text: forward

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: position

text: When

text: they

text: touch

text: the

text: ground

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: new

text: stable

text: triangle

text: the

text: other

text: legs

text: can

text: be

text: lifted

text: and

text: brought

text: forward

text: in

text: turn

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: The

text: purest

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: tripedal

text: gait

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: insects

text: moving

text: at

text: high

text: speeds

text: However

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: locomotion

text: is

text: not

text: rigid

text: and

text: insects

text: can

text: adapt

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: gaits

text: For

text: example

text: when

text: moving

text: slowly

text: turning

text: or

text: avoiding

text: obstacles

text: four

text: or

text: more

text: feet

text: may

text: be

text: touching

text: the

text: ground

text: Insects

text: can

text: also

text: adapt

text: their

text: gait

text: to

text: cope

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: limbs

question: How many legs do adult insects contain?

answer: six

text: six

question: Most adult insects have adopted what kind of gait?

answer: tripedal

text: tripedal

question: The tripedal gait allows what kind of walking?

answer: rapid

text: rapid

question: Insects can adopt how many gaits?

answer: a variety

text: a variety

question: Insects can change their gait to deal with the loss of what?

answer: limbs

text: limbs


text: In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: "There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter." This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal with God. It is also called "intelligence" or "the light of truth", which like all observable matter "was not created or made, neither indeed can be". Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints view the revelations of Joseph Smith as a restoration of original Christian doctrine, which they believe post-apostolic theologians began to corrupt in the centuries after Christ. The writings of many[quantify] of these theologians indicate a clear influence of Greek metaphysical philosophies such as Neoplatonism, which characterized divinity as an utterly simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical. Despite strong opposition from many Christians, this metaphysical depiction of God eventually became incorporated into the doctrine of the Christian church, displacing the original Judeo-Christian concept of a physical, corporeal God who created humans in His image and likeness.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: In

text: contrast

text: Joseph

text: Smith

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Latter

text: Day

text: Saint

text: movement

text: taught

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: such

text: thing

text: as

text: immaterial

text: matter

text: All

text: spirit

text: is

text: matter

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: fine

text: or

text: pure

text: and

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: discerned

text: by

text: purer

text: eyes

text: We

text: can

text: not

text: see

text: it

text: but

text: when

text: our

text: bodies

text: are

text: purified

text: we

text: shall

text: see

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: all

text: matter

text: This

text: spirit

text: element

text: has

text: always

text: existed

text: it

text: is

text: co

text: eternal

text: with

text: God

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: intelligence

text: or

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: truth

text: which

text: like

text: all

text: observable

text: matter

text: was

text: not

text: created

text: or

text: made

text: neither

text: indeed

text: can

text: be

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: of

text: Latter

text: day

text: Saints

text: view

text: the

text: revelations

text: of

text: Joseph

text: Smith

text: as

text: a

text: restoration

text: of

text: original

text: Christian

text: doctrine

text: which

text: they

text: believe

text: post

text: apostolic

text: theologians

text: began

text: to

text: corrupt

text: in

text: the

text: centuries

text: after

text: Christ

text: The

text: writings

text: of

text: many[quantify

text: of

text: these

text: theologians

text: indicate

text: a

text: clear

text: influence

text: of

text: Greek

text: metaphysical

text: philosophies

text: such

text: as

text: Neoplatonism

text: which

text: characterized

text: divinity

text: as

text: an

text: utterly

text: simple

text: immaterial

text: formless

text: substance

text: essence

text: ousia

text: that

text: transcended

text: all

text: that

text: was

text: physical

text: Despite

text: strong

text: opposition

text: from

text: many

text: Christians

text: this

text: metaphysical

text: depiction

text: of

text: God

text: eventually

text: became

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: church

text: displacing

text: the

text: original

text: Judeo

text: Christian

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: physical

text: corporeal

text: God

text: who

text: created

text: humans

text: in

text: His

text: image

text: and

text: likeness

question: Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?

answer: simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical

text: simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical

question: Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism?

answer: Christians

text: Christians


text: According to Greek law, every Sunday of the year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas). 1 May (Labour Day) and 28 October (Ohi Day) are regulated by law as being optional but it is customary for employees to be given the day off. There are, however, more public holidays celebrated in Greece than are announced by the Ministry of Labour each year as either obligatory or optional. The list of these non-fixed national holidays rarely changes and has not changed in recent decades, giving a total of eleven national holidays each year.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: According

text: to

text: Greek

text: law

text: every

text: Sunday

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: is

text: a

text: public

text: holiday

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: four

text: mandatory

text: official

text: public

text: holidays

text: March

text: Greek

text: Independence

text: Day

text: Easter

text: Monday

text: August

text: Assumption

text: or

text: Dormition

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Virgin

text: and

text: December

text: Christmas

text: May

text: Labour

text: Day

text: and

text: October

text: Ohi

text: Day

text: are

text: regulated

text: by

text: law

text: as

text: being

text: optional

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: customary

text: for

text: employees

text: to

text: be

text: given

text: the

text: day

text: off

text: There

text: are

text: however

text: more

text: public

text: holidays

text: celebrated

text: in

text: Greece

text: than

text: are

text: announced

text: by

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Labour

text: each

text: year

text: as

text: either

text: obligatory

text: or

text: optional

text: The

text: list

text: of

text: these

text: non

text: fixed

text: national

text: holidays

text: rarely

text: changes

text: and

text: has

text: not

text: changed

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: giving

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: eleven

text: national

text: holidays

text: each

text: year

question: Greek law says that every Sunday of the year is a what?

answer: holiday

text: holiday

question: How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many Greek national holidays are there each year?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: What is one of the holidays regulated by law as optional?

answer: Labour Day

text: Labour Day


text: Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian airspace into Israeli-held territory during a sandstorm. Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary. Gaddafi ordered an Egyptian submarine to target the ship, but Sadat cancelled the order, fearing a military escalation.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Following

text: Anwar

text: Sadat

text: 's

text: ascension

text: to

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: presidency

text: Libya

text: 's

text: relations

text: with

text: Egypt

text: deteriorated

text: Sadat

text: was

text: perturbed

text: by

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: unpredictability

text: and

text: insistence

text: that

text: Egypt

text: required

text: a

text: cultural

text: revolution

text: In

text: February

text: Israeli

text: forces

text: shot

text: down

text: Libyan

text: Arab

text: Airlines

text: Flight

text: which

text: had

text: strayed

text: from

text: Egyptian

text: airspace

text: into

text: Israeli

text: held

text: territory

text: during

text: a

text: sandstorm

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: infuriated

text: that

text: Egypt

text: had

text: not

text: done

text: more

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: incident

text: and

text: in

text: retaliation

text: planned

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: RMS

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: a

text: British

text: ship

text: chartered

text: by

text: American

text: Jews

text: to

text: sail

text: to

text: Haifa

text: for

text: Israel

text: 's

text: anniversary

text: Gaddafi

text: ordered

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: submarine

text: to

text: target

text: the

text: ship

text: but

text: Sadat

text: cancelled

text: the

text: order

text: fearing

text: a

text: military

text: escalation

question: Whose rise to the presidency of Egypt led to the decline in relations between Egypt and Libya?

answer: Sadat

text: Sadat

question: What nation's military destroyed Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114?

answer: Israeli

text: Israeli

question: What city was the destination of RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?

answer: Haifa

text: Haifa

question: Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace?

answer: sandstorm

text: sandstorm

question: Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?

answer: American

text: American


text: Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Harff and Gurr also differentiate between genocides and politicides by the characteristics by which members of a group are identified by the state. In genocides, the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality. In politicides the victim groups are defined primarily in terms of their hierarchical position or political opposition to the regime and dominant groups. Daniel D. Polsby and Don B. Kates, Jr. state that "... we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and 'pogroms,' which she describes as 'short-lived outbursts by mobs, which, although often condoned by authorities, rarely persist.' If the violence persists for long enough, however, Harff argues, the distinction between condonation and complicity collapses."

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: Barbara

text: Harff

text: and

text: Ted

text: Gurr

text: defined

text: genocide

text: as

text: the

text: promotion

text: and

text: execution

text: of

text: policies

text: by

text: a

text: state

text: or

text: its

text: agents

text: which

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: deaths

text: of

text: a

text: substantial

text: portion

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: when

text: the

text: victimized

text: groups

text: are

text: defined

text: primarily

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: communal

text: characteristics

text: i.e.

text: ethnicity

text: religion

text: or

text: nationality

text: Harff

text: and

text: Gurr

text: also

text: differentiate

text: between

text: genocides

text: and

text: politicides

text: by

text: the

text: characteristics

text: by

text: which

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: are

text: identified

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: genocides

text: the

text: victimized

text: groups

text: are

text: defined

text: primarily

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: communal

text: characteristics

text: i.e.

text: ethnicity

text: religion

text: or

text: nationality

text: In

text: politicides

text: the

text: victim

text: groups

text: are

text: defined

text: primarily

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: hierarchical

text: position

text: or

text: political

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: regime

text: and

text: dominant

text: groups

text: Daniel

text: D.

text: Polsby

text: and

text: Don

text: B.

text: Kates

text: Jr.

text: state

text: that

text: we

text: follow

text: Harff

text: 's

text: distinction

text: between

text: genocides

text: and

text: pogroms

text: which

text: she

text: describes

text: as

text: short

text: lived

text: outbursts

text: by

text: mobs

text: which

text: although

text: often

text: condoned

text: by

text: authorities

text: rarely

text: persist

text: If

text: the

text: violence

text: persists

text: for

text: long

text: enough

text: however

text: Harff

text: argues

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: condonation

text: and

text: complicity

text: collapses

question: Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents?

answer: policies

text: policies

question: Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality?

answer: victimized groups

text: victimized groups

question: What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish from genocides?

answer: politicides

text: politicides

question: Along with ethnicity and and religion, what other characteristic defined a member of a victimized group?

answer: nationality

text: nationality

question: What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by mobs...?"

answer: pogroms

text: pogroms


text: From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of the Gothic style and methods of construction differed from place to place, as did the expressions of Gothic taste. The proximity of some regions meant that modern country borders do not define divisions of style. On the other hand, some regions such as England and Spain produced defining characteristics rarely seen elsewhere, except where they have been carried by itinerant craftsmen, or the transfer of bishops. Regional differences that are apparent in the great abbey churches and cathedrals of the Romanesque period often become even more apparent in the Gothic.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: pan

text: European

text: style

text: and

text: manner

text: of

text: construction

text: affecting

text: buildings

text: in

text: countries

text: as

text: far

text: apart

text: as

text: Ireland

text: Croatia

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Sicily

text: The

text: same

text: wide

text: geographic

text: area

text: was

text: then

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: but

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: the

text: Gothic

text: style

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: construction

text: differed

text: from

text: place

text: to

text: place

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: expressions

text: of

text: Gothic

text: taste

text: The

text: proximity

text: of

text: some

text: regions

text: meant

text: that

text: modern

text: country

text: borders

text: do

text: not

text: define

text: divisions

text: of

text: style

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: some

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: England

text: and

text: Spain

text: produced

text: defining

text: characteristics

text: rarely

text: seen

text: elsewhere

text: except

text: where

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: carried

text: by

text: itinerant

text: craftsmen

text: or

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: bishops

text: Regional

text: differences

text: that

text: are

text: apparent

text: in

text: the

text: great

text: abbey

text: churches

text: and

text: cathedrals

text: of

text: the

text: Romanesque

text: period

text: often

text: become

text: even

text: more

text: apparent

text: in

text: the

text: Gothic

question: During what time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of construction?

answer: 10th to the 13th century

text: 10th to the 13th century

question: What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture?

answer: Croatia

text: Croatia

question: Why did country borders not affect differences in style within Gothic architecture?

answer: proximity of some regions

text: proximity of some regions

question: During which period did regional differences in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced?

answer: the Gothic

text: the Gothic

question: England and what other country showed differences in architectural style rarely observed anywhere else?

answer: Spain

text: Spain


text: Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or upsheerin, Yiddish for "haircut") "originated as an Arab custom that parents cut a newborn boy's hair and burned it in a fire as a sacrifice," and "Jews in Palestine learned this custom from Arabs and adapted it to a special Jewish context." The Ashkenazi prohibition against eating kitniyot (grains and legumes such as rice, corn, beans, and peanuts) during Passover was explicitly rejected in the Talmud, has no known precedent before the 12th century and represented a minority position for hundreds of years thereafter, but nonetheless has remained a mandatory prohibition among Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews due to their historic adherence to the ReMA's rulings in the Shulchan Aruch.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Jewish

text: historians

text: also

text: note

text: that

text: certain

text: customs

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: Orthodox

text: are

text: not

text: continuations

text: of

text: past

text: practice

text: but

text: instead

text: represent

text: innovations

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: unknown

text: to

text: prior

text: generations

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: now

text: widespread

text: haredi

text: tradition

text: of

text: cutting

text: a

text: boy

text: 's

text: hair

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: on

text: his

text: third

text: birthday

text: upshirin

text: or

text: upsheerin

text: Yiddish

text: for

text: haircut

text: originated

text: as

text: an

text: Arab

text: custom

text: that

text: parents

text: cut

text: a

text: newborn

text: boy

text: 's

text: hair

text: and

text: burned

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: fire

text: as

text: a

text: sacrifice

text: and

text: Jews

text: in

text: Palestine

text: learned

text: this

text: custom

text: from

text: Arabs

text: and

text: adapted

text: it

text: to

text: a

text: special

text: Jewish

text: context

text: The

text: Ashkenazi

text: prohibition

text: against

text: eating

text: kitniyot

text: grains

text: and

text: legumes

text: such

text: as

text: rice

text: corn

text: beans

text: and

text: peanuts

text: during

text: Passover

text: was

text: explicitly

text: rejected

text: in

text: the

text: Talmud

text: has

text: no

text: known

text: precedent

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: represented

text: a

text: minority

text: position

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: years

text: thereafter

text: but

text: nonetheless

text: has

text: remained

text: a

text: mandatory

text: prohibition

text: among

text: Ashkenazi

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: historic

text: adherence

text: to

text: the

text: ReMA

text: 's

text: rulings

text: in

text: the

text: Shulchan

text: Aruch

question: When is a newborn boy's hair first cut?

answer: third birthday

text: third birthday

question: What is done with the newborn boy's hair once it is cut?

answer: burned

text: burned

question: What are grains and legumes known as?

answer: kitniyot

text: kitniyot

question: What is the name of the prohibition against eating grains and legumes during Passover?

answer: Ashkenazi

text: Ashkenazi

question: What text rejects the Ashkenazi prohibition against kitniyot?

answer: Talmud

text: Talmud


text: Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (Պարսկահայ), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (Լիբանանահայ). Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language. This dialect has considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other. Eastern Armenian in the diaspora is primarily spoken in Iran and European countries such as Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia (where they form a majority in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province). In diverse communities (such as in Canada and the U.S.) where many different kinds of Armenians live together, there is a tendency for the different groups to cluster together.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Within

text: the

text: diasporan

text: Armenian

text: community

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: unofficial

text: classification

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: Armenians

text: For

text: example

text: Armenians

text: who

text: originate

text: from

text: Iran

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Parskahay

text: Պարսկահայ

text: while

text: Armenians

text: from

text: Lebanon

text: are

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Lipananahay

text: Լիբանանահայ

text: Armenians

text: of

text: the

text: Diaspora

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: language

text: This

text: dialect

text: has

text: considerable

text: differences

text: with

text: Eastern

text: Armenian

text: but

text: speakers

text: of

text: either

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: variations

text: can

text: usually

text: understand

text: each

text: other

text: Eastern

text: Armenian

text: in

text: the

text: diaspora

text: is

text: primarily

text: spoken

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: European

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Ukraine

text: Russia

text: and

text: Georgia

text: where

text: they

text: form

text: a

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: Samtskhe

text: Javakheti

text: province

text: In

text: diverse

text: communities

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: where

text: many

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: Armenians

text: live

text: together

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: tendency

text: for

text: the

text: different

text: groups

text: to

text: cluster

text: together

question: What are Parskahay?

answer: Armenians who originate from Iran

text: Armenians who originate from Iran

question: What are Lipananahay?

answer: Armenians from Lebanon

text: Armenians from Lebanon

question: What dialect do most Diaspora Armenians speak?

answer: Western

text: Western

question: How similar is Western Armenian to Eastern Armenian dialect?

answer: considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other

text: considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other

question: What type of Armenian is spoken by Armenians in Iran and Russia?

answer: Eastern

text: Eastern


text: A watt balance is an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units. From the definition of the conventional watt W90, this gives a measure of the product KJ2RK in SI units, where RK is the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect. If the theoretical treatments of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect are valid, and in particular assuming that RK = h/e2, the measurement of KJ2RK is a direct determination of the Planck constant.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: A

text: watt

text: balance

text: is

text: an

text: instrument

text: for

text: comparing

text: two

text: powers

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: SI

text: watts

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: conventional

text: electrical

text: units

text: From

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: conventional

text: watt

text: this

text: gives

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: in

text: SI

text: units

text: where

text: RK

text: is

text: the

text: von

text: Klitzing

text: constant

text: which

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: quantum

text: Hall

text: effect

text: If

text: the

text: theoretical

text: treatments

text: of

text: the

text: Josephson

text: effect

text: and

text: the

text: quantum

text: Hall

text: effect

text: are

text: valid

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: assuming

text: that

text: RK

text: h

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: is

text: a

text: direct

text: determination

text: of

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

question: What is a watt balance?

answer: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units

text: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units

question: What value does RK represent?

answer: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect

text: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect

question: If the effects are valid, for RK = n/e2, what is the measurement of KJ2RK equal to?

answer: the Planck constant

text: the Planck constant


text: Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Han

text: era

text: astronomers

text: adopted

text: a

text: geocentric

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: theorizing

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: shaped

text: like

text: a

text: sphere

text: surrounding

text: the

text: earth

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: They

text: assumed

text: that

text: the

text: Sun

text: Moon

text: and

text: planets

text: were

text: spherical

text: and

text: not

text: disc

text: shaped

text: They

text: also

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: illumination

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: planets

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: sunlight

text: that

text: lunar

text: eclipses

text: occurred

text: when

text: the

text: Earth

text: obstructed

text: sunlight

text: falling

text: onto

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: solar

text: eclipse

text: occurred

text: when

text: the

text: Moon

text: obstructed

text: sunlight

text: from

text: reaching

text: the

text: Earth

text: Although

text: others

text: disagreed

text: with

text: his

text: model

text: Wang

text: Chong

text: accurately

text: described

text: the

text: water

text: cycle

text: of

text: the

text: evaporation

text: of

text: water

text: into

text: clouds

question: In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted?

answer: Han

text: Han

question: Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?

answer: Wang Chong

text: Wang Chong

question: What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse?

answer: the Earth

text: the Earth

question: What did astronomers believe the shape of the Sun to be during this era?

answer: spherical

text: spherical

question: What did astronomers during this area believe to be the center of the universe?

answer: the earth

text: the earth


text: Korolev's lunar landing program was designated N1/L3, for its N1 superbooster and a more advanced Soyuz 7K-L3 spacecraft, also known as the lunar orbital module ("Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl", LOK), with a crew of two. A separate lunar lander ("Lunniy Korabl", LK), would carry a single cosmonaut to the lunar surface.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Korolev

text: 's

text: lunar

text: landing

text: program

text: was

text: designated

text: for

text: its

text: superbooster

text: and

text: a

text: more

text: advanced

text: Soyuz

text: spacecraft

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: lunar

text: orbital

text: module

text: Lunniy

text: Orbitalny

text: Korabl

text: LOK

text: with

text: a

text: crew

text: of

text: two

text: A

text: separate

text: lunar

text: lander

text: Lunniy

text: Korabl

text: LK

text: would

text: carry

text: a

text: single

text: cosmonaut

text: to

text: the

text: lunar

text: surface

question: The "Lunniy Korabl" or "LK" would carry how many people?

answer: N1


text: The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: national

text: capital

text: of

text: India

text: New

text: Delhi

text: is

text: jointly

text: administered

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: Central

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: Government

text: of

text: Delhi

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: NCT

text: of

text: Delhi

question: New Delhi is the capital of what National Capital Territory?

answer: Delhi

text: Delhi

question: What is the national capital of India?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: The local Government of Delhi and the Central Government of India jointly administer what city?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: What city is the official capital of the National Capital Territory of Delhi?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: What is the name of one government body that oversees the capital of New Delhi?

answer: the Central Government of India

text: the Central Government of India


text: Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Giant

text: of

text: Africa

text: owing

text: to

text: its

text: large

text: population

text: and

text: economy

text: With

text: approximately

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Nigeria

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: populations

text: of

text: youth

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: multinational

text: state

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: inhabited

text: by

text: over

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: three

text: largest

text: are

text: the

text: Hausa

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: these

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speak

text: over

text: different

text: languages

text: and

text: are

text: identified

text: with

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: cultures

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: English

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: divided

text: roughly

text: in

text: half

text: between

text: Christians

text: who

text: live

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: Muslims

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: A

text: minority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: practise

text: religions

text: indigenous

text: to

text: Nigeria

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: native

text: to

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: peoples

question: Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?

answer: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

question: How many people live in Nigeria?

answer: 182 million

text: 182 million

question: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?

answer: seventh

text: seventh

question: How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?

answer: over 500

text: over 500

question: What is Nigeria's official language?

answer: English

text: English


text: The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital "Tallinn", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle). Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248) and joined the Hanseatic League. Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Danish

text: Estonia

text: Danish

text: Hertugdømmet

text: Estland

text: was

text: Reval

text: Tallinn

text: founded

text: at

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: Lyndanisse

text: after

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: The

text: Danes

text: built

text: the

text: fortress

text: of

text: Castrum

text: Danorum

text: at

text: Toompea

text: Hill

text: Estonians

text: still

text: call

text: their

text: capital

text: Tallinn

text: which

text: according

text: to

text: legend

text: derives

text: from

text: Taani

text: linna

text: meaning

text: Danish

text: town

text: or

text: castle

text: Reval

text: was

text: granted

text: Lübeck

text: city

text: rights

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: Even

text: today

text: Danish

text: influence

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: heraldic

text: symbols

text: The

text: Danish

text: cross

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: displays

text: three

text: lions

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: Danish

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

question: What was the capital of Danish Estonia?

answer: Reval

text: Reval

question: What event preceded the founding of the capital?

answer: the invasion of 1219

text: the invasion of 1219

question: What structure was built at Toompea Hill?

answer: the fortress of Castrum Danorum

text: the fortress of Castrum Danorum

question: What year was Reval granted with Lübeck city rights?

answer: 1248


text: Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: is

text: a

text: significant

text: European

text: minerals

text: producer

text: and

text: is

text: ranked

text: among

text: Europe

text: 's

text: leading

text: copper

text: producers

text: The

text: nation

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: notable

text: producer

text: of

text: tin

text: tungsten

text: and

text: uranium

text: However

text: the

text: country

text: lacks

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: conduct

text: hydrocarbon

text: exploration

text: and

text: aluminium

text: a

text: limitation

text: that

text: has

text: hindered

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: mining

text: and

text: metallurgy

text: sectors

text: Although

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: vast

text: iron

text: and

text: coal

text: reserves

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: after

text: the

text: revolution

text: and

text: the

text: consequent

text: economic

text: globalization

text: low

text: competitiveness

text: forced

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: the

text: extraction

text: activity

text: for

text: these

text: minerals

text: The

text: Panasqueira

text: and

text: Neves

text: Corvo

text: mines

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: recognised

text: Portuguese

text: mines

text: that

text: are

text: still

text: in

text: operation.[citation

text: needed

question: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?

answer: tin, tungsten and uranium

text: tin, tungsten and uranium

question: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for?

answer: hydrocarbon

text: hydrocarbon

question: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal?

answer: north

text: north

question: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources?

answer: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization

text: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization


text: Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Several

text: private

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: ranging

text: from

text: liberal

text: arts

text: colleges

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: St.

text: Thomas

text: Houston

text: 's

text: only

text: Catholic

text: university

text: to

text: Rice

text: University

text: the

text: nationally

text: recognized

text: research

text: university

text: are

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: Rice

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: enrollment

text: of

text: slightly

text: more

text: than

text: students

text: has

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: distinguished

text: graduate

text: programs

text: and

text: research

text: institutes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: James

text: A.

text: Baker

text: Institute

text: for

text: Public

text: Policy

text: Houston

text: Baptist

text: University

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: Baptist

text: General

text: Convention

text: of

text: Texas

text: offers

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: and

text: graduate

text: degrees

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Sharpstown

text: area

text: in

text: Southwest

text: Houston

question: What is Houston's one Catholic university?

answer: The University of St. Thomas

text: The University of St. Thomas

question: What famous research university is located in Houston?

answer: Rice University

text: Rice University

question: What is the student enrollment of Rice University?

answer: 6,000

question: When was Houston Baptist University founded?

answer: 1960

question: What area in Houston is the home of the Houston Baptist University?

answer: Sharpstown

text: Sharpstown


text: Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage. Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex digestive system as do, for example, ruminants. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft faecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. They also produce normal droppings, which are not eaten.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: Other

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: rabbits

text: and

text: rodents

text: practise

text: coprophagia

text: behaviours

text: eating

text: specialised

text: faeces

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: re

text: digest

text: food

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: roughage

text: Capybara

text: rabbits

text: hamsters

text: and

text: other

text: related

text: species

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: complex

text: digestive

text: system

text: as

text: do

text: for

text: example

text: ruminants

text: Instead

text: they

text: extract

text: more

text: nutrition

text: from

text: grass

text: by

text: giving

text: their

text: food

text: a

text: second

text: pass

text: through

text: the

text: gut

text: Soft

text: faecal

text: pellets

text: of

text: partially

text: digested

text: food

text: are

text: excreted

text: and

text: generally

text: consumed

text: immediately

text: They

text: also

text: produce

text: normal

text: droppings

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: eaten

question: What is the practive of coprophagia behaviours?

answer: eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food

text: eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food

question: Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice?

answer: extract more nutrition

text: extract more nutrition

question: What happens with these soft feacal pellets?

answer: excreted and generally consumed immediately

text: excreted and generally consumed immediately

question: Are normal droppings also eaten?

answer: not eaten

text: not eaten


text: A self-described "modern-day feminist", Beyoncé creates songs that are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy, as well as female sexuality and empowerment. On stage, her dynamic, highly choreographed performances have led to critics hailing her as one of the best entertainers in contemporary popular music. Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She has won 20 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the award's history. The Recording Industry Association of America recognized her as the Top Certified Artist in America during the 2000s decade. In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade, the Top Female Artist of the 2000s and their Artist of the Millennium in 2011. Time listed her among the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and 2014. Forbes magazine also listed her as the most powerful female musician of 2015.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: A

text: self

text: described

text: modern

text: day

text: feminist

text: Beyoncé

text: creates

text: songs

text: that

text: are

text: often

text: characterized

text: by

text: themes

text: of

text: love

text: relationships

text: and

text: monogamy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: female

text: sexuality

text: and

text: empowerment

text: On

text: stage

text: her

text: dynamic

text: highly

text: choreographed

text: performances

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: critics

text: hailing

text: her

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: entertainers

text: in

text: contemporary

text: popular

text: music

text: Throughout

text: a

text: career

text: spanning

text: years

text: she

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: records

text: as

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: and

text: a

text: further

text: million

text: with

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: making

text: her

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: She

text: has

text: won

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: nominated

text: woman

text: in

text: the

text: award

text: 's

text: history

text: The

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: recognized

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: Top

text: Certified

text: Artist

text: in

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: decade

text: In

text: Billboard

text: named

text: her

text: the

text: Top

text: Radio

text: Songs

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Decade

text: the

text: Top

text: Female

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: their

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Millennium

text: in

text: Time

text: listed

text: her

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: and

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: also

text: listed

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: female

text: musician

text: of

question: In her music, what are some recurring elements in them?

answer: love, relationships, and monogamy

text: love, relationships, and monogamy

question: Time magazine named her one of the most 100 what people of the century?

answer: influential

text: influential

question: Which magazine declared her the most dominant woman musician?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: In which decade did the Recording Industry Association of America recognize Beyonce as the The Top Certified Artist?

answer: 2000s

question: What magazine rated Beyonce as the most powerful female musician in 2015?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: How did Beyonce describe herself as a feminist?

answer: modern-day feminist

text: modern-day feminist

question: In which years did Time rate Beyonce in the 100 most influential people in the world?

answer: 2013 and 2014

text: 2013 and 2014

question: How many records has Beyonce sold in her 19 year career?

answer: 118 million

text: 118 million

question: How many records did Beyoncé sell as part of Destiny's Child?

answer: 60 million

text: 60 million

question: After leaving Destiny's Child, how many records did Beyoncé release under her own name?

answer: 118 million

text: 118 million

question: How many Grammy awards has Beyoncé won?

answer: 20

question: What magazine named Beyoncé as the most powerful female musician for 2015?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes


text: Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets. Biologists, in addition to examining the wildlife, are interested in how harsh temperatures and the presence of people affect adaptation and survival strategies in a wide variety of organisms. Medical physicians have made discoveries concerning the spreading of viruses and the body's response to extreme seasonal temperatures. Astrophysicists at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station study the celestial dome and cosmic microwave background radiation. Many astronomical observations are better made from the interior of Antarctica than from most surface locations because of the high elevation, which results in a thin atmosphere; low temperature, which minimizes the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere; and absence of light pollution, thus allowing for a view of space clearer than anywhere else on Earth. Antarctic ice serves as both the shield and the detection medium for the largest neutrino telescope in the world, built 2 km (1.2 mi) below Amundsen–Scott station.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Researchers

text: include

text: biologists

text: geologists

text: oceanographers

text: physicists

text: astronomers

text: glaciologists

text: and

text: meteorologists

text: Geologists

text: tend

text: to

text: study

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: meteorites

text: from

text: outer

text: space

text: and

text: resources

text: from

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: Glaciologists

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: are

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: and

text: dynamics

text: of

text: floating

text: ice

text: seasonal

text: snow

text: glaciers

text: and

text: ice

text: sheets

text: Biologists

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: examining

text: the

text: wildlife

text: are

text: interested

text: in

text: how

text: harsh

text: temperatures

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: people

text: affect

text: adaptation

text: and

text: survival

text: strategies

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: organisms

text: Medical

text: physicians

text: have

text: made

text: discoveries

text: concerning

text: the

text: spreading

text: of

text: viruses

text: and

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: response

text: to

text: extreme

text: seasonal

text: temperatures

text: Astrophysicists

text: at

text: Amundsen

text: Scott

text: South

text: Pole

text: Station

text: study

text: the

text: celestial

text: dome

text: and

text: cosmic

text: microwave

text: background

text: radiation

text: Many

text: astronomical

text: observations

text: are

text: better

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: than

text: from

text: most

text: surface

text: locations

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: high

text: elevation

text: which

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: thin

text: atmosphere

text: low

text: temperature

text: which

text: minimizes

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: water

text: vapour

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: and

text: absence

text: of

text: light

text: pollution

text: thus

text: allowing

text: for

text: a

text: view

text: of

text: space

text: clearer

text: than

text: anywhere

text: else

text: on

text: Earth

text: Antarctic

text: ice

text: serves

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: shield

text: and

text: the

text: detection

text: medium

text: for

text: the

text: largest

text: neutrino

text: telescope

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: built

text: km

text: mi

text: below

text: Amundsen

text: Scott

text: station

question: What group of scientists study tectonics?

answer: Geologists

text: Geologists

question: Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans?

answer: Biologists

text: Biologists

question: Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?

answer: Glaciologists

text: Glaciologists

question: What kind of observations use  the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space?

answer: astronomical

text: astronomical

question: Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth?

answer: Amundsen–Scott station.

text: Amundsen–Scott station.


text: Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegations were dismissed by Fox after an independent investigation. Two semi-finalists were also disqualified that year – Jaered Andrews for an arrest on an assault charge, and Frenchie Davis for having previously modelled for an adult website.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Corey

text: Clark

text: was

text: disqualified

text: during

text: the

text: finals

text: for

text: having

text: an

text: undisclosed

text: police

text: record

text: however

text: he

text: later

text: alleged

text: that

text: he

text: and

text: Paula

text: Abdul

text: had

text: an

text: affair

text: while

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: contributed

text: to

text: his

text: expulsion

text: Clark

text: also

text: claimed

text: that

text: Abdul

text: gave

text: him

text: preferential

text: treatment

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: affair

text: The

text: allegations

text: were

text: dismissed

text: by

text: Fox

text: after

text: an

text: independent

text: investigation

text: Two

text: semi

text: finalists

text: were

text: also

text: disqualified

text: that

text: year

text: Jaered

text: Andrews

text: for

text: an

text: arrest

text: on

text: an

text: assault

text: charge

text: and

text: Frenchie

text: Davis

text: for

text: having

text: previously

text: modelled

text: for

text: an

text: adult

text: website

question: Which judge did Corey Clark claim to have had an affair with?

answer: Paula Abdul

text: Paula Abdul

question: Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website?

answer: Frenchie Davis

text: Frenchie Davis

question: Which contestant was removed from the competition for not revealing his police record?

answer: Corey Clark

text: Corey Clark

question: Which contestant had previously been arrested and charged with assault?

answer: Jaered Andrews

text: Jaered Andrews

question: Who was disqualified for having a police record?

answer: Corey Clark

text: Corey Clark

question: Which contestant was removed from the show for modelling for an adult website?

answer: Frenchie Davis

text: Frenchie Davis

question: Which contestant was disqualified because of an assault charge?

answer: Jaered Andrews

text: Jaered Andrews


text: Baptists are individuals who comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, elders and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Baptists

text: are

text: individuals

text: who

text: comprise

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Christian

text: denominations

text: and

text: churches

text: that

text: subscribe

text: to

text: a

text: doctrine

text: that

text: baptism

text: should

text: be

text: performed

text: only

text: for

text: professing

text: believers

text: believer

text: 's

text: baptism

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: infant

text: baptism

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: done

text: by

text: complete

text: immersion

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: affusion

text: or

text: sprinkling

text: Other

text: tenets

text: of

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: include

text: soul

text: competency

text: liberty

text: salvation

text: through

text: faith

text: alone

text: Scripture

text: alone

text: as

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: faith

text: and

text: practice

text: and

text: the

text: autonomy

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: congregation

text: Baptists

text: recognize

text: two

text: ministerial

text: offices

text: elders

text: and

text: deacons

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: are

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: though

text: some

text: Baptists

text: disavow

text: this

text: identity

question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers?

answer: Baptists

text: Baptists

question: Soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation what examples of what?

answer: tenets of Baptist churches

text: tenets of Baptist churches

question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists recognize?

answer: elders and deacons

text: elders and deacons

question: Baptist churches are widely considered to be what?

answer: Protestant churches

text: Protestant churches


text: Stepper motors were and still are often used in computer printers, optical scanners, and digital photocopiers to move the optical scanning element, the print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers. Likewise, many computer plotters (which since the early 1990s have been replaced with large-format inkjet and laser printers) used rotary stepper motors for pen and platen movement; the typical alternatives here were either linear stepper motors or servomotors with closed-loop analog control systems.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Stepper

text: motors

text: were

text: and

text: still

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: computer

text: printers

text: optical

text: scanners

text: and

text: digital

text: photocopiers

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: optical

text: scanning

text: element

text: the

text: print

text: head

text: carriage

text: of

text: dot

text: matrix

text: and

text: inkjet

text: printers

text: and

text: the

text: platen

text: or

text: feed

text: rollers

text: Likewise

text: many

text: computer

text: plotters

text: which

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: have

text: been

text: replaced

text: with

text: large

text: format

text: inkjet

text: and

text: laser

text: printers

text: used

text: rotary

text: stepper

text: motors

text: for

text: pen

text: and

text: platen

text: movement

text: the

text: typical

text: alternatives

text: here

text: were

text: either

text: linear

text: stepper

text: motors

text: or

text: servomotors

text: with

text: closed

text: loop

text: analog

text: control

text: systems

question: List two alternatives to rotary stepper motors in printer applications.

answer: linear stepper motors or servomotors

text: linear stepper motors or servomotors

question: In scanners, what do stepper motors move?

answer: optical scanning element

text: optical scanning element

question: In printers and copiers, what do stepper motors move?

answer: print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers

text: print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers


text: European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world. There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Antonín Dvořák echoed traditional music of their homelands in their compositions.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: European

text: cultural

text: ideas

text: and

text: institutions

text: began

text: to

text: follow

text: colonial

text: expansion

text: into

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: rise

text: especially

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: nationalism

text: in

text: music

text: echoing

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: political

text: sentiments

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: composers

text: such

text: as

text: Edvard

text: Grieg

text: Nikolai

text: Rimsky

text: Korsakov

text: and

text: Antonín

text: Dvořák

text: echoed

text: traditional

text: music

text: of

text: their

text: homelands

text: in

text: their

text: compositions

question: What did European cultural ideas follow?

answer: colonial expansion

text: colonial expansion

question: What type of music rose toward the end of the era?

answer: nationalism

text: nationalism

question: What did nationalism in music sometime echo?

answer: political sentiments of the time

text: political sentiments of the time

question: Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?

answer: traditional music of their homelands

text: traditional music of their homelands


text: New York is a global hub of international business and commerce. In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities. The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The Port of New York and New Jersey is also a major economic engine, handling record cargo volume in the first half of 2014.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: a

text: global

text: hub

text: of

text: international

text: business

text: and

text: commerce

text: In

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: topped

text: the

text: first

text: Global

text: Economic

text: Power

text: Index

text: published

text: by

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: be

text: differentiated

text: from

text: a

text: namesake

text: list

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Martin

text: Prosperity

text: Institute

text: with

text: cities

text: ranked

text: according

text: to

text: criteria

text: reflecting

text: their

text: presence

text: on

text: similar

text: lists

text: as

text: published

text: by

text: other

text: entities

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: for

text: banking

text: and

text: finance

text: retailing

text: world

text: trade

text: transportation

text: tourism

text: real

text: estate

text: new

text: media

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: traditional

text: media

text: advertising

text: legal

text: services

text: accountancy

text: insurance

text: theater

text: fashion

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: while

text: Silicon

text: Alley

text: metonymous

text: for

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: broad

text: spectrum

text: high

text: technology

text: sphere

text: continues

text: to

text: expand

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: New

text: Jersey

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: major

text: economic

text: engine

text: handling

text: record

text: cargo

text: volume

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

question: What is the common name for New York's high technology sector?

answer: Silicon Alley

text: Silicon Alley

question: Who created the Global Economic Power Index that ranked New York first?

answer: The Atlantic

text: The Atlantic

question: In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey deal with unprecedented cargo volume?

answer: 2014

question: In what year was New York ranked first on the Global Economic Power Index?

answer: 2012


text: Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but enthused political radicals. Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie. Their ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life was joined by Huxley and supported by discoveries in palaeontology. Haeckel used embryology extensively in his recapitulation theory, which embodied a progressive, almost linear model of evolution. Darwin was cautious about such histories, and had already noted that von Baer's laws of embryology supported his idea of complex branching.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Evolutionary

text: ideas

text: although

text: not

text: natural

text: selection

text: were

text: accepted

text: by

text: German

text: biologists

text: accustomed

text: to

text: ideas

text: of

text: homology

text: in

text: morphology

text: from

text: Goethe

text: 's

text: Metamorphosis

text: of

text: Plants

text: and

text: from

text: their

text: long

text: tradition

text: of

text: comparative

text: anatomy

text: Bronn

text: 's

text: alterations

text: in

text: his

text: German

text: translation

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: misgivings

text: of

text: conservatives

text: but

text: enthused

text: political

text: radicals

text: Ernst

text: Haeckel

text: was

text: particularly

text: ardent

text: aiming

text: to

text: synthesise

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: ideas

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: Lamarck

text: and

text: Goethe

text: while

text: still

text: reflecting

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: Naturphilosophie

text: Their

text: ambitious

text: programme

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: of

text: life

text: was

text: joined

text: by

text: Huxley

text: and

text: supported

text: by

text: discoveries

text: in

text: palaeontology

text: Haeckel

text: used

text: embryology

text: extensively

text: in

text: his

text: recapitulation

text: theory

text: which

text: embodied

text: a

text: progressive

text: almost

text: linear

text: model

text: of

text: evolution

text: Darwin

text: was

text: cautious

text: about

text: such

text: histories

text: and

text: had

text: already

text: noted

text: that

text: von

text: Baer

text: 's

text: laws

text: of

text: embryology

text: supported

text: his

text: idea

text: of

text: complex

text: branching

question: While evolutionary ideas were accepted by German biologists, what was not?

answer: natural selection

text: natural selection

question: What led to more misgivings of conservative scientists when Bronn's German translation of On the Origin of Species was published?

answer: Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives

text: Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives

question: Which group of people was excited by the German translation of On the Origin of Species?

answer: political radicals

text: political radicals

question: Why were political radicals such as Ernst Haekel so interested in On the Origin of Species?

answer: aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie

text: aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie