text: The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has adopted the Book of Confessions, which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards. These other documents include ancient creedal statements (the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed), 16th-century Reformed confessions (the Scots Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, the Second Helvetic Confession), and 20th century documents (The Theological Declaration of Barmen, Confession of 1967 and A Brief Statement of Faith).

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: The

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: U.S.A.

text: has

text: adopted

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Confessions

text: which

text: reflects

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: other

text: Reformed

text: confessions

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Westminster

text: Standards

text: These

text: other

text: documents

text: include

text: ancient

text: creedal

text: statements

text: the

text: Nicene

text: Creed

text: the

text: Apostles

text: Creed

text: century

text: Reformed

text: confessions

text: the

text: Scots

text: Confession

text: the

text: Heidelberg

text: Catechism

text: the

text: Second

text: Helvetic

text: Confession

text: and

text: century

text: documents

text: The

text: Theological

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Barmen

text: Confession

text: of

text: and

text: A

text: Brief

text: Statement

text: of

text: Faith

question: Which book has the Presbyterian church of America adopted?

answer: Book of Confessions

text: Book of Confessions

question: The Book of Confessions reflects the inclusion of another confession, what is it called?

answer: Westminster Standards

text: Westminster Standards

question: Which statements did these other documents include from the Westminster Standards?

answer: the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed

text: the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed

question: I what year was the The Theological Declaration of Barmen document created?

answer: 1967


text: Darwin went to Edinburgh University in 1825 to study medicine. In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant's research into marine invertebrates. Grant revealed his enthusiasm for the transmutation of species, but Darwin rejected it. Starting in 1827, at Cambridge University, Darwin learnt science as natural theology from botanist John Stevens Henslow, and read Paley, John Herschel and Alexander von Humboldt. Filled with zeal for science, he studied catastrophist geology with Adam Sedgwick.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Darwin

text: went

text: to

text: Edinburgh

text: University

text: in

text: to

text: study

text: medicine

text: In

text: his

text: second

text: year

text: he

text: neglected

text: his

text: medical

text: studies

text: for

text: natural

text: history

text: and

text: spent

text: four

text: months

text: assisting

text: Robert

text: Grant

text: 's

text: research

text: into

text: marine

text: invertebrates

text: Grant

text: revealed

text: his

text: enthusiasm

text: for

text: the

text: transmutation

text: of

text: species

text: but

text: Darwin

text: rejected

text: it

text: Starting

text: in

text: at

text: Cambridge

text: University

text: Darwin

text: learnt

text: science

text: as

text: natural

text: theology

text: from

text: botanist

text: John

text: Stevens

text: Henslow

text: and

text: read

text: Paley

text: John

text: Herschel

text: and

text: Alexander

text: von

text: Humboldt

text: Filled

text: with

text: zeal

text: for

text: science

text: he

text: studied

text: catastrophist

text: geology

text: with

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

question: When did Darwin begin attending university?

answer: 1825

question: What university did Darwin attend?

answer: Edinburgh University

text: Edinburgh University

question: What was Darwin originally studying at university?

answer: medicine

text: medicine

question: Who did Darwin assist in researching marine invertebrates?

answer: Robert Grant

text: Robert Grant

question: With whom did Darwin study about catastrophic geology?

answer: Adam Sedgwick

text: Adam Sedgwick


text: Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of Life (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936).

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Laemmle

text: Jr.

text: created

text: a

text: niche

text: for

text: the

text: studio

text: beginning

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: horror

text: films

text: which

text: extended

text: into

text: the

text: affectionately

text: dubbed

text: Universal

text: Horror

text: Among

text: them

text: are

text: Frankenstein

text: Dracula

text: also

text: in

text: The

text: Mummy

text: and

text: The

text: Invisible

text: Man

text: Other

text: Laemmle

text: productions

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: include

text: Imitation

text: of

text: Life

text: and

text: My

text: Man

text: Godfrey

question: In what year did Universal make a film version of Dracula?

answer: 1931

question: In what year was The Invisible Man made?

answer: 1933

question: What film was produced by Laemmle in 1934?

answer: Imitation of Life

text: Imitation of Life

question: In what year did My Man Godfrey premiere?

answer: 1936

question: When was Universal's version of Frankenstein made?

answer: 1931


text: In late 1977, music writers for Sounds first used the terms "New Musick" and "post punk" to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire, who began experimenting with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries. Writer Jon Savage described some of these early developments as exploring "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming". In January 1978, singer John Lydon (then known as Johnny Rotten) announced the break-up of his pioneering punk band the Sex Pistols, citing his disillusionment with punk's musical predictability and cooption by commercial interests, as well as his desire to explore more diverse interests.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: In

text: late

text: music

text: writers

text: for

text: Sounds

text: first

text: used

text: the

text: terms

text: New

text: Musick

text: and

text: post

text: punk

text: to

text: describe

text: British

text: acts

text: such

text: as

text: Siouxsie

text: and

text: the

text: Banshees

text: and

text: Wire

text: who

text: began

text: experimenting

text: with

text: sounds

text: lyrics

text: and

text: aesthetics

text: that

text: differed

text: significantly

text: from

text: their

text: punk

text: contemporaries

text: Writer

text: Jon

text: Savage

text: described

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: early

text: developments

text: as

text: exploring

text: harsh

text: urban

text: scrapings

text: controlled

text: white

text: noise

text: and

text: massively

text: accented

text: drumming

text: In

text: January

text: singer

text: John

text: Lydon

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Johnny

text: Rotten

text: announced

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: his

text: pioneering

text: punk

text: band

text: the

text: Sex

text: Pistols

text: citing

text: his

text: disillusionment

text: with

text: punk

text: 's

text: musical

text: predictability

text: and

text: cooption

text: by

text: commercial

text: interests

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: his

text: desire

text: to

text: explore

text: more

text: diverse

text: interests

question: When did writers for Sounds first mention "post punk"?

answer: late 1977

text: late 1977

question: What did Wire do with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics which different a lot from their peers?

answer: experimenting

text: experimenting

question: What career path did Jon Savage take in life?

answer: Writer

text: Writer

question: When did the Sex Pistols break up?

answer: January 1978

text: January 1978

question: Who was Siouxsie backed by?

answer: the Banshees

text: the Banshees

question: What are examples of British bands termed post-punk?

answer: Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire

text: Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire

question: Who connsidered post-punk "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming"?

answer: Jon Savage

text: Jon Savage

question: Which band's lead singer was Johnny Rotten?

answer: Sex Pistols

text: Sex Pistols

question: What was Johnny Rotten's real name?

answer: John Lydon

text: John Lydon

question: When did the Sex Pistols break up?

answer: 1978


text: As of 2013, the global advertising agencies of Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, had combined annual revenues of approximately US$21 billion, reflecting New York City's role as the top global center for the advertising industry, which is metonymously referred to as "Madison Avenue". The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: advertising

text: agencies

text: of

text: Omnicom

text: Group

text: and

text: Interpublic

text: Group

text: both

text: based

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: had

text: combined

text: annual

text: revenues

text: of

text: approximately

text: US$

text: billion

text: reflecting

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: global

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: advertising

text: industry

text: which

text: is

text: metonymously

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Madison

text: Avenue

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: fashion

text: industry

text: provides

text: approximately

text: employees

text: with

text: billion

text: in

text: annual

text: wages

question: What is the popular name of New York's advertising industry?

answer: Madison Avenue

text: Madison Avenue

question: About how many people work in the New York fashion industry?

answer: 180,000

question: About how much does it cost per year to pay workers in the New York fashion industry?

answer: $11 billion

text: $11 billion

question: With Interpublic Group, what company has a combined annual revenue of roughly US$21 billion?

answer: Omnicom Group

text: Omnicom Group

question: NYC's fashion industry employs how many people?

answer: 180,000

question: The Two highest advertising agencies in the world located in NYC are called what?

answer: Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group

text: Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group


text: The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of these organs were all appointed by the central government and were subject to the rule of law. Yet Van Praag describes the distinct and long-lasting Tibetan law code established by the Phagmodru ruler Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen as one of many reforms to revive old Imperial Tibetan traditions.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: The

text: Ming

text: court

text: appointed

text: three

text: Princes

text: of

text: Dharma

text: 法王

text: and

text: five

text: Princes

text: 王

text: and

text: granted

text: many

text: other

text: titles

text: such

text: as

text: Grand

text: State

text: Tutors

text: 大國師

text: and

text: State

text: Tutors

text: 國師

text: to

text: the

text: important

text: schools

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: including

text: the

text: Karma

text: Kagyu

text: Sakya

text: and

text: Gelug

text: According

text: to

text: Wang

text: Jiawei

text: and

text: Nyima

text: Gyaincain

text: leading

text: officials

text: of

text: these

text: organs

text: were

text: all

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: and

text: were

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: Yet

text: Van

text: Praag

text: describes

text: the

text: distinct

text: and

text: long

text: lasting

text: Tibetan

text: law

text: code

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Phagmodru

text: ruler

text: Tai

text: Situ

text: Changchub

text: Gyaltsen

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: many

text: reforms

text: to

text: revive

text: old

text: Imperial

text: Tibetan

text: traditions

question: How many princes of Dharma were assigned by the Ming court?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who established the Tibetan law code?

answer: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen

text: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen

question: Who was the Phagmodru ruler?

answer: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen

text: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen


text: In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: "river". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: "flow, river", da:-nu: "any moving liquid, drops", da: navo "people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: In

text: Homer

text: 's

text: Iliad

text: the

text: names

text: Danaans

text: or

text: Danaoi

text: Δαναοί

text: and

text: Argives

text: Argives

text: Αργείοι

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: designate

text: the

text: Greek

text: forces

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: Trojans

text: The

text: myth

text: of

text: Danaus

text: whose

text: origin

text: is

text: Egypt

text: is

text: a

text: foundation

text: legend

text: of

text: Argos

text: His

text: daughters

text: Danaides

text: were

text: forced

text: in

text: Tartarus

text: to

text: carry

text: a

text: jug

text: to

text: fill

text: a

text: bathtub

text: without

text: a

text: bottom

text: This

text: myth

text: is

text: connected

text: with

text: a

text: task

text: that

text: can

text: never

text: be

text: fulfilled

text: Sisyphos

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: can

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: PIE

text: root

text: danu

text: river

text: There

text: is

text: not

text: any

text: satisfactory

text: theory

text: on

text: their

text: origin

text: Some

text: scholars

text: connect

text: Danaans

text: with

text: the

text: Denyen

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: groups

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: peoples

text: who

text: attacked

text: Egypt

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Ramesses

text: III

text: BCE

text: The

text: same

text: inscription

text: mentions

text: the

text: Weshesh

text: who

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: Achaeans

text: The

text: Denyen

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Adana

text: in

text: Cilicia

text: Pottery

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Mycenae

text: itself

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Tarsus

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: and

text: it

text: seems

text: that

text: some

text: refugees

text: from

text: the

text: Aegean

text: went

text: there

text: after

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Mycenean

text: civilization

text: These

text: Cilicians

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: Dananiyim

text: the

text: same

text: word

text: as

text: Danaoi

text: who

text: attacked

text: Egypt

text: in

text: BC

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Quaouash

text: or

text: Weshesh

text: who

text: may

text: be

text: Achaeans

text: They

text: were

text: also

text: called

text: Danuna

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: Hittite

text: inscription

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Amarna

text: letters

text: Julius

text: Pokorny

text: reconstructs

text: the

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: PIE

text: root

text: da:-

text: flow

text: river

text: da

text: nu

text: any

text: moving

text: liquid

text: drops

text: da

text: navo

text: people

text: living

text: by

text: the

text: river

text: Skyth

text: nomadic

text: people

text: in

text: Rigveda

text: water

text: demons

text: fem

text: Da

text: nu

text: primordial

text: goddess

text: in

text: Greek

text: Danaoi

text: Egypt

text: Danuna

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: Danaans

text: is

text: pre

text: Greek

text: A

text: country

text: Danaja

text: with

text: a

text: city

text: Mukana

text: propaply

text: Mycenea

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: inscriptions

text: from

text: Egypt

text: from

text: Amenophis

text: III

text: BC

text: Thutmosis

text: III

text: BC

question: In Homer's poems who were the Greeks at odds with ?

answer: Trojans

text: Trojans

question: From where did the basis of the Argos tales originate ?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What did the female descendants of Argos have to accomplish ?

answer: His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom

text: His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom

question: What community did the Denyen live in ?

answer: Denyen

text: Denyen

question: What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?

answer: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt

text: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt


text: Many minerals provide pigments which have been used in green paints and dyes over the centuries. Pigments, in this case, are minerals which reflect the color green, rather that emitting it through luminescent or phosphorescent qualities. The large number of green pigments makes it impossible to mention them all. Among the more notable green minerals, however is the emerald, which is colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3), is called chrome green, also called viridian or institutional green when used as a pigment. For many years, the source of amazonite's color was a mystery. Widely thought to have been due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors, the blue-green color is likely to be derived from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar. Copper is the source of the green color in malachite pigments, chemically known as basic copper(II) carbonate.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Many

text: minerals

text: provide

text: pigments

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: green

text: paints

text: and

text: dyes

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: Pigments

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: are

text: minerals

text: which

text: reflect

text: the

text: color

text: green

text: rather

text: that

text: emitting

text: it

text: through

text: luminescent

text: or

text: phosphorescent

text: qualities

text: The

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: green

text: pigments

text: makes

text: it

text: impossible

text: to

text: mention

text: them

text: all

text: Among

text: the

text: more

text: notable

text: green

text: minerals

text: however

text: is

text: the

text: emerald

text: which

text: is

text: colored

text: green

text: by

text: trace

text: amounts

text: of

text: chromium

text: and

text: sometimes

text: vanadium

text: Chromium(III

text: oxide

text: is

text: called

text: chrome

text: green

text: also

text: called

text: viridian

text: or

text: institutional

text: green

text: when

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: pigment

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: amazonite

text: 's

text: color

text: was

text: a

text: mystery

text: Widely

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: due

text: to

text: copper

text: because

text: copper

text: compounds

text: often

text: have

text: blue

text: and

text: green

text: colors

text: the

text: blue

text: green

text: color

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: small

text: quantities

text: of

text: lead

text: and

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: feldspar

text: Copper

text: is

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: green

text: color

text: in

text: malachite

text: pigments

text: chemically

text: known

text: as

text: basic

text: copper(II

text: carbonate

question: What do pigments do with the color green?

answer: reflect

text: reflect

question: What are green paints and dyes usually made of?

answer: minerals

text: minerals

question: What is the main chemical that causes emeralds to be green?

answer: chromium

text: chromium

question: What is the source of the green color in malachite pigments?

answer: Copper

text: Copper

question: What is the source of amazonite's color?

answer: small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar

text: small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar


text: In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: In

text: fighting

text: between

text: Palestinian

text: refugees

text: and

text: Lebanese

text: factions

text: reignited

text: that

text: nation

text: 's

text: long

text: running

text: civil

text: war

text: A

text: UN

text: agreement

text: brought

text: an

text: international

text: force

text: of

text: peacekeepers

text: to

text: occupy

text: Beirut

text: and

text: guarantee

text: security

text: US

text: Marines

text: landed

text: in

text: August

text: along

text: with

text: Italian

text: and

text: French

text: forces

text: On

text: October

text: a

text: suicide

text: bomber

text: driving

text: a

text: truck

text: filled

text: with

text: tons

text: of

text: TNT

text: crashed

text: through

text: a

text: fence

text: and

text: destroyed

text: the

text: Marine

text: barracks

text: killing

text: Marines

text: seconds

text: later

text: a

text: second

text: bomber

text: leveled

text: a

text: French

text: barracks

text: killing

text: Subsequently

text: the

text: US

text: Navy

text: engaged

text: in

text: bombing

text: of

text: militia

text: positions

text: inside

text: Lebanon

text: While

text: US

text: President

text: Ronald

text: Reagan

text: was

text: initially

text: defiant

text: political

text: pressure

text: at

text: home

text: eventually

text: forced

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: the

text: Marines

text: in

text: February

question: When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin?

answer: 1983

question: When did US marines land in Lebanon?

answer: 1982

question: When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon?

answer: October 23, 1983

text: October 23, 1983

question: How many marines were killed in the attack?

answer: 241

question: When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon?

answer: February 1984

text: February 1984


text: Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Muslim

text: physicians

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: medicine

text: including

text: the

text: subjects

text: of

text: anatomy

text: and

text: physiology

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Persian

text: work

text: by

text: Mansur

text: ibn

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: al

text: Faqih

text: Ilyas

text: entitled

text: Tashrih

text: al

text: badan

text: Anatomy

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: which

text: contained

text: comprehensive

text: diagrams

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: structural

text: nervous

text: and

text: circulatory

text: systems

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: physician

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: who

text: proposed

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: pulmonary

text: circulation

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: The

text: Canon

text: of

text: Medicine

text: remained

text: an

text: authoritative

text: medical

text: textbook

text: in

text: Europe

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: Abu

text: al

text: Qasim

text: al

text: Zahrawi

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Abulcasis

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: discipline

text: of

text: medical

text: surgery

text: with

text: his

text: Kitab

text: al

text: Tasrif

text: Book

text: of

text: Concessions

text: a

text: medical

text: encyclopedia

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: translated

text: to

text: Latin

text: and

text: used

text: in

text: European

text: and

text: Muslim

text: medical

text: schools

text: for

text: centuries

text: Other

text: medical

text: advancements

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: pharmacology

text: and

text: pharmacy

question: What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing?

answer: Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body)

text: Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body)

question: In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being?

answer: 15th century

text: 15th century

question: Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?

answer: Ibn al-Nafis

text: Ibn al-Nafis

question: Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?

answer: Avicenna

text: Avicenna

question: Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?

answer: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi


text: Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. In lieu of full version, a specialized "System Builder" SKU was introduced. The "System Builder" SKU replaced the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SKU, which was only allowed to be used on PCs meant for resale, but added a "Personal Use License" exemption that officially allowed its purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Unlike

text: previous

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: Windows

text: was

text: distributed

text: at

text: retail

text: in

text: Upgrade

text: licenses

text: only

text: which

text: require

text: an

text: existing

text: version

text: of

text: Windows

text: to

text: install

text: The

text: full

text: version

text: software

text: SKU

text: which

text: was

text: more

text: expensive

text: but

text: could

text: be

text: installed

text: on

text: computers

text: without

text: an

text: eligible

text: OS

text: or

text: at

text: all

text: was

text: discontinued

text: In

text: lieu

text: of

text: full

text: version

text: a

text: specialized

text: System

text: Builder

text: SKU

text: was

text: introduced

text: The

text: System

text: Builder

text: SKU

text: replaced

text: the

text: original

text: equipment

text: manufacturer

text: OEM

text: SKU

text: which

text: was

text: only

text: allowed

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: PCs

text: meant

text: for

text: resale

text: but

text: added

text: a

text: Personal

text: Use

text: License

text: exemption

text: that

text: officially

text: allowed

text: its

text: purchase

text: and

text: personal

text: use

text: by

text: users

text: on

text: homebuilt

text: computers

question: What restrictions do Windows upgrade licenses have?

answer: require an existing version of Windows to install

text: require an existing version of Windows to install

question: What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?

answer: specialized "System Builder" SKU

text: specialized "System Builder" SKU

question: What did the System Builder SKU take the place of?

answer: (OEM) SKU

text: (OEM) SKU

question: What does OEM stand for?

answer: original equipment manufacturer

text: original equipment manufacturer

question: What did the Personal Use License allow?

answer: purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers

text: purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers


text: The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one variety of physicalism or another.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: The

text: materialist

text: view

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: understood

text: in

text: its

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: doctrines

text: of

text: immaterial

text: substance

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: mind

text: historically

text: famously

text: by

text: René

text: Descartes

text: However

text: by

text: itself

text: materialism

text: says

text: nothing

text: about

text: how

text: material

text: substance

text: should

text: be

text: characterized

text: In

text: practice

text: it

text: is

text: frequently

text: assimilated

text: to

text: one

text: variety

text: of

text: physicalism

text: or

text: another

question: Was René Descartes an idealist or a materialist?

answer: materialist

text: materialist

question: Materialism does not define what?

answer: how material substance should be characterized.

text: how material substance should be characterized.


text: In 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playing time per side. RCA Victor's early introduction of a long-play disc was a commercial failure for several reasons including the lack of affordable, reliable consumer playback equipment and consumer wariness during the Great Depression. Because of financial hardships that plagued the recording industry during that period (and RCA's own parched revenues), Victor's long-playing records were discontinued by early 1933.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: launched

text: the

text: first

text: commercially

text: available

text: vinyl

text: long

text: playing

text: record

text: marketed

text: as

text: program

text: transcription

text: discs

text: These

text: revolutionary

text: discs

text: were

text: designed

text: for

text: playback

text: at

text: rpm

text: and

text: pressed

text: on

text: a

text: cm

text: diameter

text: flexible

text: plastic

text: disc

text: with

text: a

text: duration

text: of

text: about

text: ten

text: minutes

text: playing

text: time

text: per

text: side

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: 's

text: early

text: introduction

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: play

text: disc

text: was

text: a

text: commercial

text: failure

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

text: including

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: affordable

text: reliable

text: consumer

text: playback

text: equipment

text: and

text: consumer

text: wariness

text: during

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: Because

text: of

text: financial

text: hardships

text: that

text: plagued

text: the

text: recording

text: industry

text: during

text: that

text: period

text: and

text: RCA

text: 's

text: own

text: parched

text: revenues

text: Victor

text: 's

text: long

text: playing

text: records

text: were

text: discontinued

text: by

text: early

question: What was the playing time of program-transcription discs?

answer: ten minutes playing time per side

text: ten minutes playing time per side

question: How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs?

answer: commercial failure

text: commercial failure

question: When did RCA Victor release long play discs?

answer: 1931

question: Who released the first commercial long play discs?

answer: RCA Victor

text: RCA Victor

question: By when were long play records discontinued?

answer: early 1933

text: early 1933


text: In gender inflection, the most notable feature is (compared to Portuguese, Spanish or Italian), the loss of the typical masculine suffix -o. Thus, the alternance of -o/-a, has been replaced by ø/-a. There are only a few exceptions, like minso/minsa ("scarce"). Many not completely predictable morphological alternations may occur, such as:

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: gender

text: inflection

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: feature

text: is

text: compared

text: to

text: Portuguese

text: Spanish

text: or

text: Italian

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: typical

text: masculine

text: suffix

text: -o

text: Thus

text: the

text: alternance

text: of

text: -o/-a

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: ø/-a

text: There

text: are

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: exceptions

text: like

text: minso

text: minsa

text: scarce

text: Many

text: not

text: completely

text: predictable

text: morphological

text: alternations

text: may

text: occur

text: such

text: as

question: What is the usual masculine suffix?

answer: -o

text: -o


text: The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, although between their postseason appearance in 1984 and their most recent in 2015, they have made the postseason seven times. 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues, which also includes the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). In fact, the Cubs' last World Series title occurred before those other three leagues even existed, and even the Cubs' last World Series appearance predates the founding of the NBA. The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, who both had over 80 years between championships. It is this unfortunate distinction that has led to the club often being known as "The Lovable Losers." The team was one win away from breaking what is often called the "Curse of the Billy Goat" in 1984 and 2003 (Steve Bartman incident), but was unable get the victory that would send it to the World Series.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: have

text: not

text: won

text: a

text: World

text: Series

text: championship

text: since

text: and

text: have

text: not

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Fall

text: Classic

text: since

text: although

text: between

text: their

text: postseason

text: appearance

text: in

text: and

text: their

text: most

text: recent

text: in

text: they

text: have

text: made

text: the

text: postseason

text: seven

text: times

text: seasons

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: championship

text: drought

text: in

text: all

text: four

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: North

text: American

text: professional

text: sports

text: leagues

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: Cubs

text: last

text: World

text: Series

text: title

text: occurred

text: before

text: those

text: other

text: three

text: leagues

text: even

text: existed

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: Cubs

text: last

text: World

text: Series

text: appearance

text: predates

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: NBA

text: The

text: much

text: publicized

text: drought

text: was

text: concurrent

text: to

text: championship

text: droughts

text: by

text: the

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Sox

text: and

text: the

text: Chicago

text: White

text: Sox

text: who

text: both

text: had

text: over

text: years

text: between

text: championships

text: It

text: is

text: this

text: unfortunate

text: distinction

text: that

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: club

text: often

text: being

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Lovable

text: Losers

text: The

text: team

text: was

text: one

text: win

text: away

text: from

text: breaking

text: what

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: Curse

text: of

text: the

text: Billy

text: Goat

text: in

text: and

text: Steve

text: Bartman

text: incident

text: but

text: was

text: unable

text: get

text: the

text: victory

text: that

text: would

text: send

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Series

question: What is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues?

answer: 107 seasons

text: 107 seasons

question: The championship drought has led to the Chicago Cubs being know as what?

answer: The Lovable Losers

text: The Lovable Losers

question: When was the last time the Chicago Cubs appeared in the Fall Classic?

answer: 1945

question: When was the last time the Chicago Cubs win a World Series championship?

answer: 1908


text: In 1980, Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as "British Dependent Territories" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002) meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire. Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power. The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. Similarly, the Constitution Act 1986 reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain, and the Australia Act 1986 severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states. In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: Rhodesia

text: Britain

text: 's

text: last

text: African

text: colony

text: became

text: the

text: independent

text: nation

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: The

text: New

text: Hebrides

text: achieved

text: independence

text: as

text: Vanuatu

text: in

text: with

text: Belize

text: following

text: suit

text: in

text: The

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Nationality

text: Act

text: which

text: reclassified

text: the

text: remaining

text: Crown

text: colonies

text: as

text: British

text: Dependent

text: Territories

text: renamed

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: in

text: meant

text: that

text: aside

text: from

text: a

text: scattering

text: of

text: islands

text: and

text: outposts

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: decolonisation

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: largely

text: complete

text: In

text: Britain

text: 's

text: resolve

text: in

text: defending

text: its

text: remaining

text: overseas

text: territories

text: was

text: tested

text: when

text: Argentina

text: invaded

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: acting

text: on

text: a

text: long

text: standing

text: claim

text: that

text: dated

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: Britain

text: 's

text: ultimately

text: successful

text: military

text: response

text: to

text: retake

text: the

text: islands

text: during

text: the

text: ensuing

text: Falklands

text: War

text: was

text: viewed

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: reversing

text: the

text: downward

text: trend

text: in

text: Britain

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: world

text: power

text: The

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: Canadian

text: government

text: severed

text: its

text: last

text: legal

text: link

text: with

text: Britain

text: by

text: patriating

text: the

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: from

text: Britain

text: The

text: Canada

text: Act

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: parliament

text: ended

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: British

text: involvement

text: in

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: Similarly

text: the

text: Constitution

text: Act

text: reformed

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: sever

text: its

text: constitutional

text: link

text: with

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Australia

text: Act

text: severed

text: the

text: constitutional

text: link

text: between

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: states

text: In

text: Brunei

text: Britain

text: 's

text: last

text: remaining

text: Asian

text: protectorate

text: gained

text: its

text: independence

question: When was Canada given full control of its constitution?

answer: 1982

question: When did Rhodesia become Zimbabwe?

answer: 1980

question: What were the remaining British territories called in 1981?

answer: British Dependent Territories

text: British Dependent Territories

question: What were the remaining British territories called in 2002?

answer: British Overseas Territories

text: British Overseas Territories

question: Which 1980s war victory helped Britain seem more like a world power again?

answer: Falklands War

text: Falklands War


text: The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of all American anti-monopoly laws. The law forbade every contract, scheme, deal, or conspiracy to restrain trade, though the phrase "restraint of trade" remained subjective. By the beginning of the 20th century, per capita income and industrial production in the United States exceeded that of any other country except Britain. Long hours and hazardous working conditions led many workers to attempt to form labor unions despite strong opposition from industrialists and the courts. But the courts did protect the marketplace, declaring the Standard Oil group to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911. It ordered Standard to break up into 34 independent companies with different boards of directors.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: industrial

text: economy

text: took

text: place

text: With

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: transportation

text: and

text: communication

text: infrastructure

text: the

text: corporation

text: became

text: the

text: dominant

text: form

text: of

text: business

text: organization

text: and

text: a

text: managerial

text: revolution

text: transformed

text: business

text: operations

text: In

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Sherman

text: Antitrust

text: Act

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: all

text: American

text: anti

text: monopoly

text: laws

text: The

text: law

text: forbade

text: every

text: contract

text: scheme

text: deal

text: or

text: conspiracy

text: to

text: restrain

text: trade

text: though

text: the

text: phrase

text: restraint

text: of

text: trade

text: remained

text: subjective

text: By

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: and

text: industrial

text: production

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: exceeded

text: that

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: country

text: except

text: Britain

text: Long

text: hours

text: and

text: hazardous

text: working

text: conditions

text: led

text: many

text: workers

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: form

text: labor

text: unions

text: despite

text: strong

text: opposition

text: from

text: industrialists

text: and

text: the

text: courts

text: But

text: the

text: courts

text: did

text: protect

text: the

text: marketplace

text: declaring

text: the

text: Standard

text: Oil

text: group

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: unreasonable

text: monopoly

text: under

text: the

text: Sherman

text: Antitrust

text: Act

text: in

text: It

text: ordered

text: Standard

text: to

text: break

text: up

text: into

text: independent

text: companies

text: with

text: different

text: boards

text: of

text: directors

question: What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?

answer: transportation and communication infrastructure

text: transportation and communication infrastructure

question: What became the dominant form of business organization?

answer: the corporation

text: the corporation

question: What transformed business organization in 1890?

answer: managerial revolution

text: managerial revolution

question: The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what?

answer: all American anti-monopoly laws.

text: all American anti-monopoly laws.

question: What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?

answer: an "unreasonable" monopoly

text: an "unreasonable" monopoly


text: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: principal

text: cast

text: Alessandro

text: Cremona

text: was

text: cast

text: as

text: Marco

text: Sciarra

text: Stephanie

text: Sigman

text: was

text: cast

text: as

text: Estrella

text: and

text: Detlef

text: Bothe

text: was

text: cast

text: as

text: a

text: villain

text: for

text: scenes

text: shot

text: in

text: Austria

text: In

text: February

text: over

text: fifteen

text: hundred

text: extras

text: were

text: hired

text: for

text: the

text: pre

text: title

text: sequence

text: set

text: in

text: Mexico

text: though

text: they

text: were

text: duplicated

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: giving

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: around

text: ten

text: thousand

text: extras

question: How many actual people were used for the opening sequence of Spectre?

answer: fifteen hundred

text: fifteen hundred

question: Which actor portrayed Marco Sciarra?

answer: Alessandro Cremona

text: Alessandro Cremona

question: Estrella was played by which actress?

answer: Stephanie Sigman

text: Stephanie Sigman

question: When was the opening scene of Spectre filmed?

answer: February 2015

text: February 2015

question: Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed?

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

question: In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?

answer: Austria.

text: Austria.

question: Who was cast as Marco Sciarra?

answer: Alessandro Cremona

text: Alessandro Cremona

question: What character did Stephanie Sigma portray?

answer: Estrella

text: Estrella


text: The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: Kushan

text: Empire

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: Yuezhi

text: tribes

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: CE

text: and

text: ruled

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: during

text: which

text: time

text: Buddhism

text: Nestorian

text: Christianity

text: Zoroastrianism

text: and

text: Manichaeism

text: were

text: all

text: practiced

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: Later

text: the

text: Hephthalite

text: Empire

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: nomadic

text: tribes

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: Arabs

text: brought

text: Islam

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: eighth

text: century

text: Central

text: Asia

text: continued

text: in

text: its

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: commercial

text: crossroads

text: linking

text: China

text: the

text: steppes

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Islamic

text: heartland

question: What tribes took control of the region in first centry CE?

answer: Yuezhi tribes

text: Yuezhi tribes

question: When was Islam brought to the region?

answer: in the early eighth century

text: in the early eighth century

question: What empire brought Islam practices with them?

answer: Hephthalite Empire,

text: Hephthalite Empire,

question: What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?

answer: Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

text: Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism


text: The major settlements in the ceremonial county are concentrated on the Fylde coast (the Blackpool Urban Area), and a belt of towns running west-east along the M65: Preston, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and Colne. South of Preston are the towns of Leyland and Chorley; the three formed part of the Central Lancashire New Town designated in 1970. The north of the county is predominantly rural and sparsely populated, except for the towns of Lancaster and Morecambe which form a large conurbation of almost 100,000 people. Lancashire is home to a significant Asian population, numbering over 70,000 and 6% of the county's population, and concentrated largely in the former cotton mill towns in the south east.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: The

text: major

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: are

text: concentrated

text: on

text: the

text: Fylde

text: coast

text: the

text: Blackpool

text: Urban

text: Area

text: and

text: a

text: belt

text: of

text: towns

text: running

text: west

text: east

text: along

text: the

text: Preston

text: Blackburn

text: Accrington

text: Burnley

text: Nelson

text: and

text: Colne

text: South

text: of

text: Preston

text: are

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Leyland

text: and

text: Chorley

text: the

text: three

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Lancashire

text: New

text: Town

text: designated

text: in

text: The

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: is

text: predominantly

text: rural

text: and

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: and

text: Morecambe

text: which

text: form

text: a

text: large

text: conurbation

text: of

text: almost

text: people

text: Lancashire

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: significant

text: Asian

text: population

text: numbering

text: over

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: concentrated

text: largely

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: cotton

text: mill

text: towns

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

question: Where are the major settlements in the ceremonial county located?

answer: Fylde coast

text: Fylde coast

question: Where is the Fylde coast?

answer: Blackpool Urban Area

text: Blackpool Urban Area

question: Which part of the county is rural and sparsely populated?

answer: north

text: north

question: How many people live in Lancaster and Morecambe?

answer: 100,000

question: What percentage of Lancashire is Asian?

answer: 6%


text: In recent years[when?], there have been reports of child abuse in St Helena. Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: In

text: recent

text: years[when

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: reports

text: of

text: child

text: abuse

text: in

text: St

text: Helena

text: Britain

text: ’s

text: Foreign

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: Office

text: FCO

text: has

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: lying

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: about

text: child

text: abuse

text: in

text: St

text: Helena

text: to

text: cover

text: up

text: allegations

text: including

text: cases

text: of

text: a

text: police

text: officer

text: having

text: raped

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: old

text: girl

text: and

text: of

text: a

text: police

text: officer

text: having

text: mutilated

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: old

question: What has been more prominently reported in recent years in Saint Helena?

answer: reports of child abuse

text: reports of child abuse

question: Who has been accused of lying about the child abuse issue of Saint Helena?

answer: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office

text: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office

question: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations


text: The climate of Antarctica does not allow extensive vegetation to form. A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit plant growth. As a result, the diversity of plant life is very low and limited in distribution. The flora of the continent largely consists of bryophytes. There are about 100 species of mosses and 25 species of liverworts, but only three species of flowering plants, all of which are found in the Antarctic Peninsula: Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hair grass), Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort) and the non-native Poa annua (annual bluegrass). Growth is restricted to a few weeks in the summer.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: does

text: not

text: allow

text: extensive

text: vegetation

text: to

text: form

text: A

text: combination

text: of

text: freezing

text: temperatures

text: poor

text: soil

text: quality

text: lack

text: of

text: moisture

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: sunlight

text: inhibit

text: plant

text: growth

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: diversity

text: of

text: plant

text: life

text: is

text: very

text: low

text: and

text: limited

text: in

text: distribution

text: The

text: flora

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: largely

text: consists

text: of

text: bryophytes

text: There

text: are

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: mosses

text: and

text: species

text: of

text: liverworts

text: but

text: only

text: three

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Peninsula

text: Deschampsia

text: antarctica

text: Antarctic

text: hair

text: grass

text: Colobanthus

text: quitensis

text: Antarctic

text: pearlwort

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: native

text: Poa

text: annua

text: annual

text: bluegrass

text: Growth

text: is

text: restricted

text: to

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

text: in

text: the

text: summer

question: What can not grow extensively in Antarctica?

answer: vegetation

text: vegetation

question: What does the climate of Antarctica inhibit?

answer: plant growth

text: plant growth

question: hat is low and limited in Antarctica?

answer: diversity of plant life

text: diversity of plant life

question: How many species of Mosses are there in Antarctica?

answer: 100


text: Oklahoma City is protected by the Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD), which employs 1015 paid, professional firefighters. The current Chief of Department is G. Keith Bryant, the department is also commanded by three Deputy Chiefs, who – along with the department chief – oversee the Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus. The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions. The OKCFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit. Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter. Minimum staffing per shift is 213 personnel. The Oklahoma City Fire Department responds to over 70,000 emergency calls annually.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Fire

text: Department

text: OKCFD

text: which

text: employs

text: paid

text: professional

text: firefighters

text: The

text: current

text: Chief

text: of

text: Department

text: is

text: G.

text: Keith

text: Bryant

text: the

text: department

text: is

text: also

text: commanded

text: by

text: three

text: Deputy

text: Chiefs

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: department

text: chief

text: oversee

text: the

text: Operational

text: Services

text: Prevention

text: Services

text: and

text: Support

text: Services

text: bureaus

text: The

text: OKCFD

text: currently

text: operates

text: out

text: of

text: fire

text: stations

text: located

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: six

text: battalions

text: The

text: OKCFD

text: also

text: operates

text: a

text: fire

text: apparatus

text: fleet

text: of

text: engines

text: including

text: paramedic

text: engines

text: ladders

text: brush

text: patrol

text: units

text: six

text: water

text: tankers

text: two

text: hazardous

text: materials

text: units

text: one

text: Technical

text: Rescue

text: Unit

text: one

text: Air

text: Supply

text: Unit

text: six

text: Arson

text: Investigation

text: Units

text: and

text: one

text: Rehabilitation

text: Unit

text: Each

text: engine

text: is

text: staffed

text: with

text: a

text: driver

text: an

text: officer

text: and

text: one

text: to

text: two

text: firefighters

text: while

text: each

text: ladder

text: company

text: is

text: staffed

text: with

text: a

text: driver

text: an

text: officer

text: and

text: one

text: firefighter

text: Minimum

text: staffing

text: per

text: shift

text: is

text: personnel

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Fire

text: Department

text: responds

text: to

text: over

text: emergency

text: calls

text: annually

question: How many  people are paid to be employed by the Oklahoma City Fire department?

answer: 1015

question: Who is currently the Chief of the department?

answer: G. Keith Bryant

text: G. Keith Bryant

question: How many firestations are there?

answer: 37

question: How many emergency calls are made yearly?

answer: 70,000


text: Many communities have small air taxi services. These operations originated from the demand for customized transport to remote areas. Perhaps the most quintessentially Alaskan plane is the bush seaplane. The world's busiest seaplane base is Lake Hood, located next to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, where flights bound for remote villages without an airstrip carry passengers, cargo, and many items from stores and warehouse clubs. In 2006 Alaska had the highest number of pilots per capita of any U.S. state.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Many

text: communities

text: have

text: small

text: air

text: taxi

text: services

text: These

text: operations

text: originated

text: from

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: customized

text: transport

text: to

text: remote

text: areas

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: quintessentially

text: Alaskan

text: plane

text: is

text: the

text: bush

text: seaplane

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: seaplane

text: base

text: is

text: Lake

text: Hood

text: located

text: next

text: to

text: Ted

text: Stevens

text: Anchorage

text: International

text: Airport

text: where

text: flights

text: bound

text: for

text: remote

text: villages

text: without

text: an

text: airstrip

text: carry

text: passengers

text: cargo

text: and

text: many

text: items

text: from

text: stores

text: and

text: warehouse

text: clubs

text: In

text: Alaska

text: had

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: pilots

text: per

text: capita

text: of

text: any

text: U.S.

text: state

question: Which plane is considered quintessentially Alaskan?

answer: bush seaplane

text: bush seaplane

question: Where is the busiest seaplane base in the world?

answer: Lake Hood

text: Lake Hood

question: Which state had the most pilots per capita than any other US state?

answer: Alaska

text: Alaska

question: Lake Hood is located next to what International Airport?

answer: Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport

text: Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport


text: It is a fundamental property of antennas that the electrical characteristics of an antenna described in the next section, such as gain, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth, resonant frequency and polarization, are the same whether the antenna is transmitting or receiving. For example, the "receiving pattern" (sensitivity as a function of direction) of an antenna when used for reception is identical to the radiation pattern of the antenna when it is driven and functions as a radiator. This is a consequence of the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics. Therefore, in discussions of antenna properties no distinction is usually made between receiving and transmitting terminology, and the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: fundamental

text: property

text: of

text: antennas

text: that

text: the

text: electrical

text: characteristics

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: section

text: such

text: as

text: gain

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: impedance

text: bandwidth

text: resonant

text: frequency

text: and

text: polarization

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: whether

text: the

text: antenna

text: is

text: transmitting

text: or

text: receiving

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: receiving

text: pattern

text: sensitivity

text: as

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: direction

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: when

text: used

text: for

text: reception

text: is

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: driven

text: and

text: functions

text: as

text: a

text: radiator

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: reciprocity

text: theorem

text: of

text: electromagnetics

text: Therefore

text: in

text: discussions

text: of

text: antenna

text: properties

text: no

text: distinction

text: is

text: usually

text: made

text: between

text: receiving

text: and

text: transmitting

text: terminology

text: and

text: the

text: antenna

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: either

text: transmitting

text: or

text: receiving

text: whichever

text: is

text: more

text: convenient

question: Are essential properties of an antenna changed based on what fungtion they are performing

answer: the same

text: the same

question: What proposition explains the equivalency of the recieving pattern of an antenna?

answer: reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics

text: reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics

question: Can the antenna serve more than one fungtion at a time?

answer: either transmitting or receiving

text: either transmitting or receiving

question: What is one electrical trait of an antenna?

answer: radiation pattern

text: radiation pattern


text: Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Beneath

text: the

text: plain

text: lies

text: the

text: Biscayne

text: Aquifer

text: a

text: natural

text: underground

text: source

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: southern

text: Palm

text: Beach

text: County

text: to

text: Florida

text: Bay

text: with

text: its

text: highest

text: point

text: peaking

text: around

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Miami

text: Springs

text: and

text: Hialeah

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: obtains

text: its

text: drinking

text: water

text: from

text: this

text: aquifer

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: aquifer

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: to

text: dig

text: more

text: than

text: to

text: ft

text: to

text: m

text: beneath

text: the

text: city

text: without

text: hitting

text: water

text: which

text: impedes

text: underground

text: construction

text: though

text: some

text: underground

text: parking

text: garages

text: exist

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: the

text: mass

text: transit

text: systems

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Miami

text: are

text: elevated

text: or

text: at

text: grade.[citation

text: needed

question: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?

answer: Hialeah

text: Hialeah

question: The Biscayne Aquifer stretches from Palm Beach County to where?

answer: Florida Bay

text: Florida Bay

question: After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running water in Miami?

answer: 5 to 6

text: 5 to 6

question: What is limited by Miami's high water table?

answer: underground construction

text: underground construction


text: For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system will experience. An AC circuit will experience 100% voltage reversal, while under-damped DC circuits will experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heating of both the dielectric and the conductors, and can dramatically shorten the life expectancy of the capacitor. Reversal ratings will often affect the design considerations for the capacitor, from the choice of dielectric materials and voltage ratings to the types of internal connections used.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: For

text: maximum

text: life

text: capacitors

text: usually

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: handle

text: the

text: maximum

text: amount

text: of

text: reversal

text: that

text: a

text: system

text: will

text: experience

text: An

text: AC

text: circuit

text: will

text: experience

text: voltage

text: reversal

text: while

text: under

text: damped

text: DC

text: circuits

text: will

text: experience

text: less

text: than

text: Reversal

text: creates

text: excess

text: electric

text: fields

text: in

text: the

text: dielectric

text: causes

text: excess

text: heating

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: dielectric

text: and

text: the

text: conductors

text: and

text: can

text: dramatically

text: shorten

text: the

text: life

text: expectancy

text: of

text: the

text: capacitor

text: Reversal

text: ratings

text: will

text: often

text: affect

text: the

text: design

text: considerations

text: for

text: the

text: capacitor

text: from

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: dielectric

text: materials

text: and

text: voltage

text: ratings

text: to

text: the

text: types

text: of

text: internal

text: connections

text: used

question: What percentage of voltage reversal does an AC circuit experience?

answer: 100% voltage reversal

text: 100% voltage reversal

question: What does voltage reversal create in the dielectric of a capacitor?

answer: excess electric fields

text: excess electric fields

question: What percentage of voltage reversal will an under damped DC circuit experience?

answer: less than 100%

text: less than 100%

question: What does excess electric field present in the dielectric lead to?

answer: heating of both the dielectric and the conductors

text: heating of both the dielectric and the conductors

question: When designing a capacitor, what is an important rating to consider?

answer: Reversal ratings

text: Reversal ratings


text: The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: The

text: first

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

text: may

text: overheat

text: and

text: pose

text: a

text: health

text: and

text: safety

text: risk

text: Affected

text: iPod

text: Nanos

text: were

text: sold

text: between

text: September

text: and

text: December

text: This

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: flawed

text: battery

text: used

text: by

text: Apple

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: battery

text: manufacturer

text: Apple

text: recommended

text: that

text: owners

text: of

text: affected

text: iPod

text: Nanos

text: stop

text: using

text: them

text: Under

text: an

text: Apple

text: product

text: replacement

text: program

text: affected

text: Nanos

text: were

text: replaced

text: with

text: current

text: generation

text: Nanos

text: free

text: of

text: charge

question: What part of the iPod Nano was the cause of the overheating issue?

answer: battery

text: battery

question: What program allowed users to exchange iPod Nanos which suffered from overheating problems with new safe models?

answer: Apple product replacement program

text: Apple product replacement program


text: Small, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards. Surface mount components avoid undesirable high-frequency effects due to the leads and simplify automated assembly, although manual handling is made difficult due to their small size.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Small

text: cheap

text: discoidal

text: ceramic

text: capacitors

text: have

text: existed

text: since

text: the

text: and

text: remain

text: in

text: widespread

text: use

text: Since

text: the

text: surface

text: mount

text: packages

text: for

text: capacitors

text: have

text: been

text: widely

text: used

text: These

text: packages

text: are

text: extremely

text: small

text: and

text: lack

text: connecting

text: leads

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: soldered

text: directly

text: onto

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: printed

text: circuit

text: boards

text: Surface

text: mount

text: components

text: avoid

text: undesirable

text: high

text: frequency

text: effects

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: leads

text: and

text: simplify

text: automated

text: assembly

text: although

text: manual

text: handling

text: is

text: made

text: difficult

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: small

text: size

question: Since when have inexpensive ceramic disc capacitors existed?

answer: the 1930s

text: the 1930s

question: Since when have surface mount packages for capacitors been commonly in use?

answer: the 1980s

text: the 1980s

question: What do surface mount packages lack that allows their use on the surface of printed circuit boards?

answer: connecting leads

text: connecting leads

question: What is one benefit of using surface mount components?

answer: simplify automated assembly

text: simplify automated assembly

question: What is one difficulty when using surface mount components?

answer: manual handling is made difficult due to their small size

text: manual handling is made difficult due to their small size


text: An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: An

text: armed

text: rebellion

text: beginning

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: African

text: Party

text: for

text: the

text: Independence

text: of

text: Guinea

text: and

text: Cape

text: Verde

text: PAIGC

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Amílcar

text: Cabral

text: gradually

text: consolidated

text: its

text: hold

text: on

text: then

text: Portuguese

text: Guinea

text: Unlike

text: guerrilla

text: movements

text: in

text: other

text: Portuguese

text: colonies

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: rapidly

text: extended

text: its

text: military

text: control

text: over

text: large

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: jungle

text: like

text: terrain

text: its

text: easily

text: reached

text: borderlines

text: with

text: neighbouring

text: allies

text: and

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: arms

text: from

text: Cuba

text: China

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: left

text: leaning

text: African

text: countries

text: Cuba

text: also

text: agreed

text: to

text: supply

text: artillery

text: experts

text: doctors

text: and

text: technicians

text: The

text: PAIGC

text: even

text: managed

text: to

text: acquire

text: a

text: significant

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: capability

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: defend

text: itself

text: against

text: aerial

text: attack

text: By

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: was

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Guinea

text: although

text: the

text: movement

text: suffered

text: a

text: setback

text: in

text: January

text: when

text: Cabral

text: was

text: assassinated

question: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)

text: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)

question: When did the armed rebellion begin?

answer: 1956

question: Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?

answer: Amílcar Cabral

text: Amílcar Cabral

question: Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?

answer: Cuba

text: Cuba

question: When was Cabral assassinated?

answer: January 1973

text: January 1973


text: Despite the tribute and a negotiation between Laoshang Chanyu (r. 174–160 BC) and Emperor Wen (r. 180–157 BC) to reopen border markets, many of the Chanyu's Xiongnu subordinates chose not to obey the treaty and periodically raided Han territories south of the Great Wall for additional goods. In a court conference assembled by Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) in 135 BC, the majority consensus of the ministers was to retain the heqin agreement. Emperor Wu accepted this, despite continuing Xiongnu raids. However, a court conference the following year convinced the majority that a limited engagement at Mayi involving the assassination of the Chanyu would throw the Xiongnu realm into chaos and benefit the Han. When this plot failed in 133 BC, Emperor Wu launched a series of massive military invasions into Xiongnu territory. Chinese armies captured one stronghold after another and established agricultural colonies to strengthen their hold. The assault culminated in 119 BC at the Battle of Mobei, where the Han commanders Huo Qubing (d. 117 BC) and Wei Qing (d. 106 BC) forced the Xiongnu court to flee north of the Gobi Desert.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Despite

text: the

text: tribute

text: and

text: a

text: negotiation

text: between

text: Laoshang

text: Chanyu

text: r.

text: BC

text: and

text: Emperor

text: Wen

text: r.

text: BC

text: to

text: reopen

text: border

text: markets

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Chanyu

text: 's

text: Xiongnu

text: subordinates

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: obey

text: the

text: treaty

text: and

text: periodically

text: raided

text: Han

text: territories

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

text: for

text: additional

text: goods

text: In

text: a

text: court

text: conference

text: assembled

text: by

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: r.

text: BC

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: majority

text: consensus

text: of

text: the

text: ministers

text: was

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: heqin

text: agreement

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: accepted

text: this

text: despite

text: continuing

text: Xiongnu

text: raids

text: However

text: a

text: court

text: conference

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: convinced

text: the

text: majority

text: that

text: a

text: limited

text: engagement

text: at

text: Mayi

text: involving

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: the

text: Chanyu

text: would

text: throw

text: the

text: Xiongnu

text: realm

text: into

text: chaos

text: and

text: benefit

text: the

text: Han

text: When

text: this

text: plot

text: failed

text: in

text: BC

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: launched

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: massive

text: military

text: invasions

text: into

text: Xiongnu

text: territory

text: Chinese

text: armies

text: captured

text: one

text: stronghold

text: after

text: another

text: and

text: established

text: agricultural

text: colonies

text: to

text: strengthen

text: their

text: hold

text: The

text: assault

text: culminated

text: in

text: BC

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Mobei

text: where

text: the

text: Han

text: commanders

text: Huo

text: Qubing

text: d.

text: BC

text: and

text: Wei

text: Qing

text: d.

text: BC

text: forced

text: the

text: Xiongnu

text: court

text: to

text: flee

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Gobi

text: Desert

question: The heqin agreement was reaffirmed by a court conference in what year?

answer: 135 BC

text: 135 BC

question: In what year did Emperor Wu begin a series of attacks in Xiongnu territories?

answer: 133 BC

text: 133 BC

question: What type of colony did Chinese armies use to help firm their hold on the strongholds that they had taken over?

answer: agricultural

text: agricultural

question: In what year did the Battle of Mobei take place?

answer: 119 BC

text: 119 BC

question: Which Han commander died in the year 106 BC?

answer: Wei Qing

text: Wei Qing


text: Although people often think that memory operates like recording equipment, it is not the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime. In fact, research has revealed that our memories are constructed. People can construct their memories when they encode them and/or when they recall them. To illustrate, consider a classic study conducted by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer (1974) in which people were instructed to watch a film of a traffic accident and then asked about what they saw. The researchers found that the people who were asked, "How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?" gave higher estimates than those who were asked, "How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?" Furthermore, when asked a week later whether they have seen broken glass in the film, those who had been asked the question with smashed were twice more likely to report that they have seen broken glass than those who had been asked the question with hit. There was no broken glass depicted in the film. Thus, the wording of the questions distorted viewers’ memories of the event. Importantly, the wording of the question led people to construct different memories of the event – those who were asked the question with smashed recalled a more serious car accident than they had actually seen. The findings of this experiment were replicated around the world, and researchers consistently demonstrated that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Although

text: people

text: often

text: think

text: that

text: memory

text: operates

text: like

text: recording

text: equipment

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: case

text: The

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: underlying

text: the

text: induction

text: and

text: maintenance

text: of

text: memory

text: are

text: very

text: dynamic

text: and

text: comprise

text: distinct

text: phases

text: covering

text: a

text: time

text: window

text: from

text: seconds

text: to

text: even

text: a

text: lifetime

text: In

text: fact

text: research

text: has

text: revealed

text: that

text: our

text: memories

text: are

text: constructed

text: People

text: can

text: construct

text: their

text: memories

text: when

text: they

text: encode

text: them

text: and/or

text: when

text: they

text: recall

text: them

text: To

text: illustrate

text: consider

text: a

text: classic

text: study

text: conducted

text: by

text: Elizabeth

text: Loftus

text: and

text: John

text: Palmer

text: in

text: which

text: people

text: were

text: instructed

text: to

text: watch

text: a

text: film

text: of

text: a

text: traffic

text: accident

text: and

text: then

text: asked

text: about

text: what

text: they

text: saw

text: The

text: researchers

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: were

text: asked

text: How

text: fast

text: were

text: the

text: cars

text: going

text: when

text: they

text: smashed

text: into

text: each

text: other

text: gave

text: higher

text: estimates

text: than

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: asked

text: How

text: fast

text: were

text: the

text: cars

text: going

text: when

text: they

text: hit

text: each

text: other

text: Furthermore

text: when

text: asked

text: a

text: week

text: later

text: whether

text: they

text: have

text: seen

text: broken

text: glass

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: asked

text: the

text: question

text: with

text: smashed

text: were

text: twice

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: report

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: seen

text: broken

text: glass

text: than

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: asked

text: the

text: question

text: with

text: hit

text: There

text: was

text: no

text: broken

text: glass

text: depicted

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Thus

text: the

text: wording

text: of

text: the

text: questions

text: distorted

text: viewers’

text: memories

text: of

text: the

text: event

text: Importantly

text: the

text: wording

text: of

text: the

text: question

text: led

text: people

text: to

text: construct

text: different

text: memories

text: of

text: the

text: event

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: asked

text: the

text: question

text: with

text: smashed

text: recalled

text: a

text: more

text: serious

text: car

text: accident

text: than

text: they

text: had

text: actually

text: seen

text: The

text: findings

text: of

text: this

text: experiment

text: were

text: replicated

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: researchers

text: consistently

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: when

text: people

text: were

text: provided

text: with

text: misleading

text: information

text: they

text: tended

text: to

text: misremember

text: a

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: misinformation

text: effect

question: What has research shown about our memories?

answer: our memories are constructed

text: our memories are constructed

question: How does a person build their memories?

answer: when they encode them and/or when they recall them.

text: when they encode them and/or when they recall them.

question: What did a study done by Elizabeth Loftus and John palmer show?

answer: that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.

text: that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.

question: In their study what did people say they say when they really hadn't due to having the word "smashed" inserted into the question?

answer: broken glass

text: broken glass


text: Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones named for their control of cell division or cytokinesis. The natural cytokinin zeatin was discovered in corn, Zea mays, and is a derivative of the purine adenine. Zeatin is produced in roots and transported to shoots in the xylem where it promotes cell division, bud development, and the greening of chloroplasts. The gibberelins, such as Gibberelic acid are diterpenes synthesised from acetyl CoA via the mevalonate pathway. They are involved in the promotion of germination and dormancy-breaking in seeds, in regulation of plant height by controlling stem elongation and the control of flowering. Abscisic acid (ABA) occurs in all land plants except liverworts, and is synthesised from carotenoids in the chloroplasts and other plastids. It inhibits cell division, promotes seed maturation, and dormancy, and promotes stomatal closure. It was so named because it was originally thought to control abscission. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that is produced in all higher plant tissues from methionine. It is now known to be the hormone that stimulates or regulates fruit ripening and abscission, and it, or the synthetic growth regulator ethephon which is rapidly metabolised to produce ethylene, are used on industrial scale to promote ripening of cotton, pineapples and other climacteric crops.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Cytokinins

text: are

text: a

text: class

text: of

text: plant

text: hormones

text: named

text: for

text: their

text: control

text: of

text: cell

text: division

text: or

text: cytokinesis

text: The

text: natural

text: cytokinin

text: zeatin

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: corn

text: Zea

text: mays

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: derivative

text: of

text: the

text: purine

text: adenine

text: Zeatin

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: roots

text: and

text: transported

text: to

text: shoots

text: in

text: the

text: xylem

text: where

text: it

text: promotes

text: cell

text: division

text: bud

text: development

text: and

text: the

text: greening

text: of

text: chloroplasts

text: The

text: gibberelins

text: such

text: as

text: Gibberelic

text: acid

text: are

text: diterpenes

text: synthesised

text: from

text: acetyl

text: CoA

text: via

text: the

text: mevalonate

text: pathway

text: They

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: germination

text: and

text: dormancy

text: breaking

text: in

text: seeds

text: in

text: regulation

text: of

text: plant

text: height

text: by

text: controlling

text: stem

text: elongation

text: and

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: flowering

text: Abscisic

text: acid

text: ABA

text: occurs

text: in

text: all

text: land

text: plants

text: except

text: liverworts

text: and

text: is

text: synthesised

text: from

text: carotenoids

text: in

text: the

text: chloroplasts

text: and

text: other

text: plastids

text: It

text: inhibits

text: cell

text: division

text: promotes

text: seed

text: maturation

text: and

text: dormancy

text: and

text: promotes

text: stomatal

text: closure

text: It

text: was

text: so

text: named

text: because

text: it

text: was

text: originally

text: thought

text: to

text: control

text: abscission

text: Ethylene

text: is

text: a

text: gaseous

text: hormone

text: that

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: all

text: higher

text: plant

text: tissues

text: from

text: methionine

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: hormone

text: that

text: stimulates

text: or

text: regulates

text: fruit

text: ripening

text: and

text: abscission

text: and

text: it

text: or

text: the

text: synthetic

text: growth

text: regulator

text: ethephon

text: which

text: is

text: rapidly

text: metabolised

text: to

text: produce

text: ethylene

text: are

text: used

text: on

text: industrial

text: scale

text: to

text: promote

text: ripening

text: of

text: cotton

text: pineapples

text: and

text: other

text: climacteric

text: crops

question: What are cytokinins responsible for in plants?

answer: control of cell division

text: control of cell division

question: Where are cytokinins produced?

answer: in roots

text: in roots

question: How is bud development determined?

answer: cytokinesis

text: cytokinesis

question: How is the height of a plant determined?

answer: gibberelins

text: gibberelins

question: What acid slows or stops cell division?

answer: Abscisic

text: Abscisic