text: Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Alaska

text: regularly

text: supports

text: Republicans

text: in

text: presidential

text: elections

text: and

text: has

text: done

text: so

text: since

text: statehood

text: Republicans

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: electoral

text: college

text: votes

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: one

text: election

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: participated

text: in

text: No

text: state

text: has

text: voted

text: for

text: a

text: Democratic

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: fewer

text: times

text: Alaska

text: was

text: carried

text: by

text: Democratic

text: nominee

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: during

text: his

text: landslide

text: election

text: in

text: while

text: the

text: and

text: elections

text: were

text: close

text: Since

text: however

text: Republicans

text: have

text: carried

text: the

text: state

text: by

text: large

text: margins

text: In

text: Republican

text: John

text: McCain

text: defeated

text: Democrat

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: in

text: Alaska

text: to

text: McCain

text: 's

text: running

text: mate

text: was

text: Sarah

text: Palin

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: governor

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: Alaskan

text: on

text: a

text: major

text: party

text: ticket

text: Obama

text: lost

text: Alaska

text: again

text: in

text: but

text: he

text: captured

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: vote

text: in

text: that

text: election

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: first

text: Democrat

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: since

question: Which political party does Alaska generally support?

answer: Republicans

text: Republicans

question: How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska?

answer: one

text: one

question: Which candidate was the only Democrat to win Alaska in a landslide election in 1964?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: Which Democratic candidate was the first to win 40% of the vote in Alaska since 1964?

answer: Barack Obama

text: Barack Obama


text: Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports petroleum products from western Europe and Russia. Oil shale energy, telecommunications, textiles, chemical products, banking, services, food and fishing, timber, shipbuilding, electronics, and transportation are key sectors of the economy. The ice-free port of Muuga, near Tallinn, is a modern facility featuring good transshipment capability, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and new oil tanker off-loading capabilities.[citation needed] The railroad serves as a conduit between the West, Russia, and other points to the East.[citation needed]

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Estonia

text: produces

text: about

text: of

text: its

text: consumed

text: electricity

text: In

text: about

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: generated

text: with

text: locally

text: mined

text: oil

text: shale

text: Alternative

text: energy

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: wood

text: peat

text: and

text: biomass

text: make

text: up

text: approximately

text: of

text: primary

text: energy

text: production

text: Renewable

text: wind

text: energy

text: was

text: about

text: of

text: total

text: consumption

text: in

text: Estonia

text: imports

text: petroleum

text: products

text: from

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: Russia

text: Oil

text: shale

text: energy

text: telecommunications

text: textiles

text: chemical

text: products

text: banking

text: services

text: food

text: and

text: fishing

text: timber

text: shipbuilding

text: electronics

text: and

text: transportation

text: are

text: key

text: sectors

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: The

text: ice

text: free

text: port

text: of

text: Muuga

text: near

text: Tallinn

text: is

text: a

text: modern

text: facility

text: featuring

text: good

text: transshipment

text: capability

text: a

text: high

text: capacity

text: grain

text: elevator

text: chill

text: frozen

text: storage

text: and

text: new

text: oil

text: tanker

text: off

text: loading

text: capabilities.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: railroad

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: conduit

text: between

text: the

text: West

text: Russia

text: and

text: other

text: points

text: to

text: the

text: East.[citation

text: needed

question: How much of consumed electricity does Estonia produce by itself?

answer: 75%

question: What percentage of electricity was produced with local oil shale in 2011?

answer: about 85%

text: about 85%

question: What alternative energy sources account for 9% of energy production?

answer: wood, peat, and biomass

text: wood, peat, and biomass

question: What percentage of electricity was produced from renewable energy in 2009?

answer: 6%


text: The debating societies discussed an extremely wide range of topics. Before the Enlightenment, most intellectual debates revolved around "confessional" – that is, Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist), or Anglican issues, and the main aim of these debates was to establish which bloc of faith ought to have the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority". After this date everything thus previously rooted in tradition was questioned and often replaced by new concepts in the light of philosophical reason. After the second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century, a "general process of rationalization and secularization set in," and confessional disputes were reduced to a secondary status in favor of the "escalating contest between faith and incredulity".

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: debating

text: societies

text: discussed

text: an

text: extremely

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: topics

text: Before

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: most

text: intellectual

text: debates

text: revolved

text: around

text: confessional

text: that

text: is

text: Catholic

text: Lutheran

text: Reformed

text: Calvinist

text: or

text: Anglican

text: issues

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: aim

text: of

text: these

text: debates

text: was

text: to

text: establish

text: which

text: bloc

text: of

text: faith

text: ought

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: monopoly

text: of

text: truth

text: and

text: a

text: God

text: given

text: title

text: to

text: authority

text: After

text: this

text: date

text: everything

text: thus

text: previously

text: rooted

text: in

text: tradition

text: was

text: questioned

text: and

text: often

text: replaced

text: by

text: new

text: concepts

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: philosophical

text: reason

text: After

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: general

text: process

text: of

text: rationalization

text: and

text: secularization

text: set

text: in

text: and

text: confessional

text: disputes

text: were

text: reduced

text: to

text: a

text: secondary

text: status

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: escalating

text: contest

text: between

text: faith

text: and

text: incredulity

question: Before the Enlightenment, most intellectual debates revoled around what subject?

answer: "confessional"

text: "confessional"

question: Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist), or Anglican issues were called what?

answer: "confessional"

text: "confessional"

question: During what time period did a "general process of rationalization and secularization set in"?

answer: second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century

text: second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century

question: The aim of confessional debates was to establish which bloc of faith should have what?

answer: the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority"

text: the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority"


text: In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of conversation, White hired the architectural firm of Price and McLanahan. The firm made use of reinforced concrete, a new building material invented by Jean-Louis Lambot in 1848 (Joseph Monier received the patent in 1867). The hotel's Spanish and Moorish themes, capped off with its signature dome and chimneys, represented a step forward from other hotels that had a classically designed influence. White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally's Atlantic City was later constructed at this location.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: In

text: Josiah

text: White

text: III

text: bought

text: a

text: parcel

text: of

text: land

text: near

text: Ohio

text: Avenue

text: and

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: and

text: built

text: the

text: Queen

text: Anne

text: style

text: Marlborough

text: House

text: The

text: hotel

text: was

text: a

text: hit

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: chose

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: hotel

text: and

text: bought

text: another

text: parcel

text: of

text: land

text: next

text: door

text: to

text: his

text: Marlborough

text: House

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: make

text: his

text: new

text: hotel

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: conversation

text: White

text: hired

text: the

text: architectural

text: firm

text: of

text: Price

text: and

text: McLanahan

text: The

text: firm

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: reinforced

text: concrete

text: a

text: new

text: building

text: material

text: invented

text: by

text: Jean

text: Louis

text: Lambot

text: in

text: Joseph

text: Monier

text: received

text: the

text: patent

text: in

text: The

text: hotel

text: 's

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Moorish

text: themes

text: capped

text: off

text: with

text: its

text: signature

text: dome

text: and

text: chimneys

text: represented

text: a

text: step

text: forward

text: from

text: other

text: hotels

text: that

text: had

text: a

text: classically

text: designed

text: influence

text: White

text: named

text: the

text: new

text: hotel

text: the

text: Blenheim

text: and

text: merged

text: the

text: two

text: hotels

text: into

text: the

text: Marlborough

text: Blenheim

text: Bally

text: 's

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: was

text: later

text: constructed

text: at

text: this

text: location

question: In what year did Josiah White III by land to build a hotel?

answer: 1903

question: What was the name of the hotel built by Josiah White III?

answer: Marlborough House

text: Marlborough House

question: In what style was the Malborough House buit?

answer: Queen Anne

text: Queen Anne

question: In what year was reinforced concrete invented?

answer: 1848

question: What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III?

answer: Blenheim

text: Blenheim


text: The simplest model capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε . This model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the length and width of the plates are much greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: The

text: simplest

text: model

text: capacitor

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: thin

text: parallel

text: conductive

text: plates

text: separated

text: by

text: a

text: dielectric

text: with

text: permittivity

text: ε

text: This

text: model

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: qualitative

text: predictions

text: for

text: other

text: device

text: geometries

text: The

text: plates

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: extend

text: uniformly

text: over

text: an

text: area

text: A

text: and

text: a

text: charge

text: density

text: ±ρ

text: ±Q

text: A

text: exists

text: on

text: their

text: surface

text: Assuming

text: that

text: the

text: length

text: and

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: plates

text: are

text: much

text: greater

text: than

text: their

text: separation

text: d

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: near

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: device

text: will

text: be

text: uniform

text: with

text: the

text: magnitude

text: E

text: ρ/ε.

text: The

text: voltage

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: line

text: integral

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: between

text: the

text: plates

question: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what is the value that describes the permittivity of the dielectric?

answer: permittivity ε

text: permittivity ε

question: What equation describes the charge density for an ideal model of a capacitor?

answer: ±ρ = ±Q/A

text: ±ρ = ±Q/A

question: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what must be assumed about the size of the plates?

answer: much greater than their separation d

text: much greater than their separation d

question: Close to the middle of the capacitor, what equation describes the magnitude of the electric field?

answer: E = ρ/ε

text: E = ρ/ε

question: What does the line integral of the electric field between the plates of a capacitor represent?

answer: The voltage

text: The voltage


text: Tourism accounts for much of Uruguay's economy. Tourism in Montevideo is centered in the Ciudad Vieja area, which includes the city's oldest buildings, several museums, art galleries, and nightclubs, with Sarandí Street and the Mercado del Puerto being the most frequented venues of the old city. On the edge of Ciudad Vieja, Plaza Independencia is surrounded by many sights, including the Solís Theatre and the Palacio Salvo; the plaza also constitutes one end of 18 de Julio Avenue, the city's most important tourist destination outside of Ciudad Vieja. Apart from being a shopping street, the avenue is noted for its Art Deco buildings, three important public squares, the Gaucho Museum, the Palacio Municipal and many other sights. The avenue leads to the Obelisk of Montevideo; beyond that is Parque Batlle, which along with the Parque Prado is another important tourist destination. Along the coast, the Fortaleza del Cerro, the Rambla (the coastal avenue), 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) of sandy beaches, and Punta Gorda attract many tourists, as do the Barrio Sur and Palermo barrios.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Tourism

text: accounts

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: economy

text: Tourism

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: centered

text: in

text: the

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: area

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: oldest

text: buildings

text: several

text: museums

text: art

text: galleries

text: and

text: nightclubs

text: with

text: Sarandí

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: Mercado

text: del

text: Puerto

text: being

text: the

text: most

text: frequented

text: venues

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: city

text: On

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: Plaza

text: Independencia

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: many

text: sights

text: including

text: the

text: Solís

text: Theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Palacio

text: Salvo

text: the

text: plaza

text: also

text: constitutes

text: one

text: end

text: of

text: de

text: Julio

text: Avenue

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: tourist

text: destination

text: outside

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: Apart

text: from

text: being

text: a

text: shopping

text: street

text: the

text: avenue

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: Art

text: Deco

text: buildings

text: three

text: important

text: public

text: squares

text: the

text: Gaucho

text: Museum

text: the

text: Palacio

text: Municipal

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: sights

text: The

text: avenue

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: Obelisk

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: beyond

text: that

text: is

text: Parque

text: Batlle

text: which

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Parque

text: Prado

text: is

text: another

text: important

text: tourist

text: destination

text: Along

text: the

text: coast

text: the

text: Fortaleza

text: del

text: Cerro

text: the

text: Rambla

text: the

text: coastal

text: avenue

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: of

text: sandy

text: beaches

text: and

text: Punta

text: Gorda

text: attract

text: many

text: tourists

text: as

text: do

text: the

text: Barrio

text: Sur

text: and

text: Palermo

text: barrios

question: What accounts for much of Uruguay's economy?

answer: Tourism

text: Tourism

question: Where is tourism in Montevideo centered in?

answer: Ciudad Vieja area

text: Ciudad Vieja area

question: Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what?

answer: 18 de Julio Avenue

text: 18 de Julio Avenue


text: As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The president also suffered from Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine, which necessitated surgery for a bowel obstruction on June 9, 1956. To treat the intestinal block, surgeons bypassed about ten inches of his small intestine. His scheduled meeting with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was postponed so he could recover from surgery at his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was still recovering from this operation during the Suez Crisis. Eisenhower's health issues forced him to give up smoking and make some changes to his dietary habits, but he still indulged in alcohol. During a visit to England he complained of dizziness and had to have his blood pressure checked on August 29, 1959; however, before dinner at Chequers on the next day his doctor General Howard Snyder recalled Eisenhower "drank several gin-and-tonics, and one or two gins on the rocks ... three or four wines with the dinner".

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: his

text: heart

text: attack

text: Eisenhower

text: developed

text: a

text: left

text: ventricular

text: aneurysm

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: turn

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: a

text: mild

text: stroke

text: on

text: November

text: This

text: incident

text: occurred

text: during

text: a

text: cabinet

text: meeting

text: when

text: Eisenhower

text: suddenly

text: found

text: himself

text: unable

text: to

text: speak

text: or

text: move

text: his

text: right

text: hand

text: The

text: stroke

text: had

text: caused

text: an

text: aphasia

text: The

text: president

text: also

text: suffered

text: from

text: Crohn

text: 's

text: disease

text: chronic

text: inflammatory

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: intestine

text: which

text: necessitated

text: surgery

text: for

text: a

text: bowel

text: obstruction

text: on

text: June

text: To

text: treat

text: the

text: intestinal

text: block

text: surgeons

text: bypassed

text: about

text: ten

text: inches

text: of

text: his

text: small

text: intestine

text: His

text: scheduled

text: meeting

text: with

text: Indian

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Jawaharlal

text: Nehru

text: was

text: postponed

text: so

text: he

text: could

text: recover

text: from

text: surgery

text: at

text: his

text: farm

text: in

text: Gettysburg

text: Pennsylvania

text: He

text: was

text: still

text: recovering

text: from

text: this

text: operation

text: during

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: health

text: issues

text: forced

text: him

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: smoking

text: and

text: make

text: some

text: changes

text: to

text: his

text: dietary

text: habits

text: but

text: he

text: still

text: indulged

text: in

text: alcohol

text: During

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: England

text: he

text: complained

text: of

text: dizziness

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: blood

text: pressure

text: checked

text: on

text: August

text: however

text: before

text: dinner

text: at

text: Chequers

text: on

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: his

text: doctor

text: General

text: Howard

text: Snyder

text: recalled

text: Eisenhower

text: drank

text: several

text: gin

text: and

text: tonics

text: and

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: gins

text: on

text: the

text: rocks

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: wines

text: with

text: the

text: dinner

question: What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957?

answer: left ventricular aneurysm

text: left ventricular aneurysm

question: Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957?

answer: cabinet meeting

text: cabinet meeting

question: What couldn't Eisenhower move as a result of his stroke?

answer: right hand

text: right hand

question: What is Crohn's disease?

answer: chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine

text: chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine

question: Why did Eisenhower need surgery on June 9, 1956?

answer: bowel obstruction

text: bowel obstruction


text: Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Continental

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: sq

text: mi

text: territory

text: is

text: serviced

text: by

text: four

text: international

text: airports

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: principal

text: cities

text: of

text: Lisbon

text: Porto

text: Faro

text: and

text: Beja

text: Lisbon

text: 's

text: geographical

text: position

text: makes

text: it

text: a

text: stopover

text: for

text: many

text: foreign

text: airlines

text: at

text: several

text: airports

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: primary

text: flag

text: carrier

text: is

text: TAP

text: Portugal

text: although

text: many

text: other

text: domestic

text: airlines

text: provide

text: services

text: within

text: and

text: without

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: government

text: decided

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: new

text: airport

text: outside

text: Lisbon

text: in

text: Alcochete

text: to

text: replace

text: Lisbon

text: Portela

text: Airport

text: though

text: this

text: plan

text: has

text: been

text: stalled

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: austerity

text: Currently

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: airports

text: are

text: in

text: Lisbon

text: Porto

text: Faro

text: Funchal

text: Madeira

text: and

text: Ponta

text: Delgada

text: Azores

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: national

text: airport

text: authority

text: group

text: ANA

text: Aeroportos

text: de

text: Portugal

question: How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?

answer: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)

text: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)

question: How many national airports does Portugal have?

answer: four

text: four

question: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?

answer: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja

text: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja

question: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?

answer: geographical position

text: geographical position

question: What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?

answer: TAP Portugal

text: TAP Portugal


text: Despite the commanded withdrawal of Egyptian troops, about 2,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during engagement with Israeli forces, and some 5,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured by the Israeli Army. Amer and Salah Salem proposed requesting a ceasefire, with Salem further recommending that Nasser surrender himself to British forces. Nasser berated Amer and Salem, and vowed, "Nobody is going to surrender." Nasser assumed military command. Despite the relative ease in which Sinai was occupied, Nasser's prestige at home and among Arabs was undamaged. To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Despite

text: the

text: commanded

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: troops

text: about

text: Egyptian

text: soldiers

text: were

text: killed

text: during

text: engagement

text: with

text: Israeli

text: forces

text: and

text: some

text: Egyptian

text: soldiers

text: were

text: captured

text: by

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Army

text: Amer

text: and

text: Salah

text: Salem

text: proposed

text: requesting

text: a

text: ceasefire

text: with

text: Salem

text: further

text: recommending

text: that

text: Nasser

text: surrender

text: himself

text: to

text: British

text: forces

text: Nasser

text: berated

text: Amer

text: and

text: Salem

text: and

text: vowed

text: Nobody

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: surrender

text: Nasser

text: assumed

text: military

text: command

text: Despite

text: the

text: relative

text: ease

text: in

text: which

text: Sinai

text: was

text: occupied

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: prestige

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: among

text: Arabs

text: was

text: undamaged

text: To

text: counterbalance

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Army

text: 's

text: dismal

text: performance

text: Nasser

text: authorized

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: about

text: rifles

text: to

text: civilian

text: volunteers

text: and

text: hundreds

text: of

text: militias

text: were

text: formed

text: throughout

text: Egypt

text: many

text: led

text: by

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: political

text: opponents

question: How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting?

answer: 2,000

question: How many Egyptian soldiers did the Israeli army capture?

answer: 5,000

question: To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms?

answer: civilian volunteers

text: civilian volunteers

question: Who recommended Nasser surrender himself to the British?

answer: Salah Salem

text: Salah Salem

question: What was the consequence to Nassir's admiration among the Arab world for Egypt's military failure?

answer: undamaged

text: undamaged


text: Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s, including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza, and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury. Many Lancashire towns had vibrant skiffle scenes in the late 1950s, out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge, particularly around Liverpool and Manchester. It has been estimated that there were around 350 bands active in and around Liverpool in this era, often playing ballrooms, concert halls and clubs, among them the Beatles. After their national success from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including Gerry & the Pacemakers, the Searchers and Cilla Black. The first act to break through in the UK who were not from Liverpool, or managed by Brian Epstein, were Freddie and the Dreamers, who were based in Manchester, as were Herman's Hermits and the Hollies. Led by the Beatles, beat groups from the region spearheaded the British Invasion of the US, which made a major contribution to the development of rock music. After the decline of beat groups in the late 1960s the centre of rock culture shifted to London and there were relatively few local bands who achieved national prominence until the growth of a disco funk scene and the punk rock revolution in the mid and late 1970s.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: Liverpool

text: produced

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: nationally

text: and

text: internationally

text: successful

text: popular

text: singers

text: in

text: the

text: including

text: traditional

text: pop

text: stars

text: Frankie

text: Vaughan

text: and

text: Lita

text: Roza

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: British

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: stars

text: in

text: Billy

text: Fury

text: Many

text: Lancashire

text: towns

text: had

text: vibrant

text: skiffle

text: scenes

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: out

text: of

text: which

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: a

text: flourishing

text: culture

text: of

text: beat

text: groups

text: began

text: to

text: emerge

text: particularly

text: around

text: Liverpool

text: and

text: Manchester

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: around

text: bands

text: active

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Liverpool

text: in

text: this

text: era

text: often

text: playing

text: ballrooms

text: concert

text: halls

text: and

text: clubs

text: among

text: them

text: the

text: Beatles

text: After

text: their

text: national

text: success

text: from

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: performers

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: follow

text: them

text: into

text: the

text: charts

text: including

text: Gerry

text: the

text: Pacemakers

text: the

text: Searchers

text: and

text: Cilla

text: Black

text: The

text: first

text: act

text: to

text: break

text: through

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: who

text: were

text: not

text: from

text: Liverpool

text: or

text: managed

text: by

text: Brian

text: Epstein

text: were

text: Freddie

text: and

text: the

text: Dreamers

text: who

text: were

text: based

text: in

text: Manchester

text: as

text: were

text: Herman

text: 's

text: Hermits

text: and

text: the

text: Hollies

text: Led

text: by

text: the

text: Beatles

text: beat

text: groups

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: spearheaded

text: the

text: British

text: Invasion

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: which

text: made

text: a

text: major

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: After

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: beat

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: rock

text: culture

text: shifted

text: to

text: London

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: relatively

text: few

text: local

text: bands

text: who

text: achieved

text: national

text: prominence

text: until

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: a

text: disco

text: funk

text: scene

text: and

text: the

text: punk

text: rock

text: revolution

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: and

text: late

question: Where was pop star Frankie Vaughan from?

answer: Liverpool

text: Liverpool

question: How many bands were active in the Liverpool area in the 1960s?

answer: 350

question: What was the first act to break through in the UK, not from Liverpool or managed by Brian Epstein?

answer: Freddie and the Dreamers

text: Freddie and the Dreamers

question: Where were Freddie and the Dreamers based?

answer: Manchester

text: Manchester

question: Where were Herman's Hermints and the Hollies from?

answer: Manchester

text: Manchester


text: The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupied much of Western Iran, and fully withdrew in 1921. The Persian Campaign commenced furthermore during World War I in Northwestern Iran after an Ottoman invasion, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. As a result of Ottoman hostilities across the border, a large amount of the Assyrians of Iran were massacred by the Ottoman armies, notably in and around Urmia. Apart from the rule of Aqa Mohammad Khan, the Qajar rule is characterized as a century of misrule.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: struggle

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: constitutional

text: movement

text: continued

text: until

text: when

text: Mohammad

text: Ali

text: Shah

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: forced

text: to

text: abdicate

text: On

text: the

text: pretext

text: of

text: restoring

text: order

text: the

text: Russians

text: occupied

text: Northern

text: Iran

text: in

text: and

text: maintained

text: a

text: military

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: for

text: years

text: to

text: come

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: the

text: British

text: occupied

text: much

text: of

text: Western

text: Iran

text: and

text: fully

text: withdrew

text: in

text: The

text: Persian

text: Campaign

text: commenced

text: furthermore

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: in

text: Northwestern

text: Iran

text: after

text: an

text: Ottoman

text: invasion

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Theatre

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: hostilities

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: a

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: the

text: Assyrians

text: of

text: Iran

text: were

text: massacred

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: armies

text: notably

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Urmia

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Aqa

text: Mohammad

text: Khan

text: the

text: Qajar

text: rule

text: is

text: characterized

text: as

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: misrule

question: The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year?

answer: until 1911

text: until 1911

question: The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year?

answer: 1921

question: Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement?

answer: Mohammad Ali Shah

text: Mohammad Ali Shah

question: In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext?

answer: restoring order

text: restoring order

question: Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1?

answer: Ottoman armies

text: Ottoman armies


text: World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway and restaurants. Calatrava is also responsible for the bridge named after him in the centre of the city. The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) is another noteworthy example of modern architecture in Valencia.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: World

text: renowned

text: and

text: city

text: born

text: architect

text: Santiago

text: Calatrava

text: produced

text: the

text: futuristic

text: City

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: Ciutat

text: de

text: les

text: Arts

text: i

text: les

text: Ciències

text: which

text: contains

text: an

text: opera

text: house

text: performing

text: arts

text: centre

text: a

text: science

text: museum

text: an

text: IMAX

text: cinema

text: planetarium

text: an

text: oceanographic

text: park

text: and

text: other

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: long

text: covered

text: walkway

text: and

text: restaurants

text: Calatrava

text: is

text: also

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: bridge

text: named

text: after

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Music

text: Palace

text: Palau

text: De

text: La

text: Música

text: is

text: another

text: noteworthy

text: example

text: of

text: modern

text: architecture

text: in

text: Valencia

question: Who designed the City of Arts and Sciences?

answer: Santiago Calatrava

text: Santiago Calatrava

question: Where is the bridge named for Calatrava located?

answer: centre of the city

text: centre of the city

question: What type of architecture does the Music Palace have?

answer: modern

text: modern

question: Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater?

answer: City of Arts and Sciences

text: City of Arts and Sciences


text: The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics; while Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicenna were used for medicine. Outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter. Italian universities focused on law and medicine, while the northern universities focused on the arts and theology. There were distinct differences in the quality of instruction in these areas which were congruent with their focus, so scholars would travel north or south based on their interests and means. There was also a difference in the types of degrees awarded at these universities. English, French and German universities usually awarded bachelor's degrees, with the exception of degrees in theology, for which the doctorate was more common. Italian universities awarded primarily doctorates. The distinction can be attributed to the intent of the degree holder after graduation – in the north the focus tended to be on acquiring teaching positions, while in the south students often went on to professional positions. The structure of northern universities tended to be modeled after the system of faculty governance developed at the University of Paris. Southern universities tended to be patterned after the student-controlled model begun at the University of Bologna. Among the southern universities, a further distinction has been noted between those of northern Italy, which followed the pattern of Bologna as a "self-regulating, independent corporation of scholars" and those of southern Italy and Iberia, which were "founded by royal and imperial charter to serve the needs of government."

title: University

title: University

text: The

text: university

text: culture

text: developed

text: differently

text: in

text: northern

text: Europe

text: than

text: it

text: did

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: although

text: the

text: northern

text: primarily

text: Germany

text: France

text: and

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: southern

text: universities

text: primarily

text: Italy

text: did

text: have

text: many

text: elements

text: in

text: common

text: Latin

text: was

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: used

text: for

text: all

text: texts

text: lectures

text: disputations

text: and

text: examinations

text: Professors

text: lectured

text: on

text: the

text: books

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: for

text: logic

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: and

text: metaphysics

text: while

text: Hippocrates

text: Galen

text: and

text: Avicenna

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: medicine

text: Outside

text: of

text: these

text: commonalities

text: great

text: differences

text: separated

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: primarily

text: in

text: subject

text: matter

text: Italian

text: universities

text: focused

text: on

text: law

text: and

text: medicine

text: while

text: the

text: northern

text: universities

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: theology

text: There

text: were

text: distinct

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: instruction

text: in

text: these

text: areas

text: which

text: were

text: congruent

text: with

text: their

text: focus

text: so

text: scholars

text: would

text: travel

text: north

text: or

text: south

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: interests

text: and

text: means

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: types

text: of

text: degrees

text: awarded

text: at

text: these

text: universities

text: English

text: French

text: and

text: German

text: universities

text: usually

text: awarded

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degrees

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: degrees

text: in

text: theology

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: doctorate

text: was

text: more

text: common

text: Italian

text: universities

text: awarded

text: primarily

text: doctorates

text: The

text: distinction

text: can

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: the

text: degree

text: holder

text: after

text: graduation

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: focus

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: acquiring

text: teaching

text: positions

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: students

text: often

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: professional

text: positions

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: northern

text: universities

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: faculty

text: governance

text: developed

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: Southern

text: universities

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: patterned

text: after

text: the

text: student

text: controlled

text: model

text: begun

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Bologna

text: Among

text: the

text: southern

text: universities

text: a

text: further

text: distinction

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: between

text: those

text: of

text: northern

text: Italy

text: which

text: followed

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: Bologna

text: as

text: a

text: self

text: regulating

text: independent

text: corporation

text: of

text: scholars

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: southern

text: Italy

text: and

text: Iberia

text: which

text: were

text: founded

text: by

text: royal

text: and

text: imperial

text: charter

text: to

text: serve

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: government

question: Which language was used in lectures in early European universities?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: For what subjects did professors use the work of Hippocrates?

answer: medicine

text: medicine

question: What type of subjects did the universities of northern Europe focus on?

answer: arts and theology

text: arts and theology

question: What type of degree was given out at a English university?

answer: bachelor's degrees

text: bachelor's degrees


text: Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Within

text: a

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: different

text: ages

text: and/or

text: sexes

text: to

text: have

text: different

text: patterns

text: of

text: timing

text: and

text: distance

text: Female

text: chaffinches

text: Fringilla

text: coelebs

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Fennoscandia

text: migrate

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: autumn

text: than

text: males

text: do

question: Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier?

answer: Female

text: Female

question: Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?

answer: Eastern Fennoscandia

text: Eastern Fennoscandia

question: When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate?

answer: autumn

text: autumn


text: In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, married Elaine Goodale, a European-American woman from New England. They met and worked together in Dakota Territory when she was Superintendent of Indian Education and he was a doctor for the reservations. His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: three

text: European

text: American

text: middle

text: class

text: female

text: teachers

text: married

text: Indigenous

text: American

text: men

text: they

text: had

text: met

text: at

text: Hampton

text: Institute

text: during

text: the

text: years

text: when

text: it

text: ran

text: its

text: Indian

text: program

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Charles

text: Eastman

text: a

text: physician

text: of

text: European

text: and

text: Sioux

text: ancestry

text: who

text: trained

text: at

text: Boston

text: University

text: married

text: Elaine

text: Goodale

text: a

text: European

text: American

text: woman

text: from

text: New

text: England

text: They

text: met

text: and

text: worked

text: together

text: in

text: Dakota

text: Territory

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: Superintendent

text: of

text: Indian

text: Education

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: doctor

text: for

text: the

text: reservations

text: His

text: maternal

text: grandfather

text: was

text: Seth

text: Eastman

text: an

text: artist

text: and

text: Army

text: officer

text: from

text: New

text: England

text: who

text: had

text: married

text: a

text: Sioux

text: woman

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: daughter

text: with

text: her

text: while

text: stationed

text: at

text: Fort

text: Snelling

text: in

text: Minnesota

question: Who was a doctor?

answer: Charles Eastman

text: Charles Eastman

question: Who did the relative of the doctor marry?

answer: Sioux woman

text: Sioux woman

question: Who was the doctor related to?

answer: Seth Eastman

text: Seth Eastman

question: Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute?

answer: three European-American middle-class female teachers

text: three European-American middle-class female teachers

question: What tribe was Eastman related to?

answer: Sioux

text: Sioux


text: During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the British Crown began to assume an increasingly large role in the affairs of the Company. A series of Acts of Parliament were passed, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired. The Company's eventual end was precipitated by the Indian Rebellion, a conflict that had begun with the mutiny of sepoys, Indian troops under British officers and discipline. The rebellion took six months to suppress, with heavy loss of life on both sides. The following year the British government dissolved the Company and assumed direct control over India through the Government of India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India. India became the empire's most valuable possession, "the Jewel in the Crown", and was the most important source of Britain's strength.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: began

text: to

text: assume

text: an

text: increasingly

text: large

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: Company

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: Acts

text: of

text: Parliament

text: were

text: passed

text: including

text: the

text: Regulating

text: Act

text: of

text: Pitt

text: 's

text: India

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Charter

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: regulated

text: the

text: Company

text: 's

text: affairs

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: over

text: the

text: territories

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: acquired

text: The

text: Company

text: 's

text: eventual

text: end

text: was

text: precipitated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Rebellion

text: a

text: conflict

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: with

text: the

text: mutiny

text: of

text: sepoys

text: Indian

text: troops

text: under

text: British

text: officers

text: and

text: discipline

text: The

text: rebellion

text: took

text: six

text: months

text: to

text: suppress

text: with

text: heavy

text: loss

text: of

text: life

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: dissolved

text: the

text: Company

text: and

text: assumed

text: direct

text: control

text: over

text: India

text: through

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: Act

text: establishing

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: where

text: an

text: appointed

text: governor

text: general

text: administered

text: India

text: and

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: was

text: crowned

text: the

text: Empress

text: of

text: India

text: India

text: became

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: most

text: valuable

text: possession

text: the

text: Jewel

text: in

text: the

text: Crown

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: source

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: strength

question: When did Britain pass the Regulating Act?

answer: 1773

question: When did Britain pass Pitt's India Act?

answer: 1784

question: When did Britain pass the Charter Act?

answer: 1813

question: The British East India Company was dissolved by which act?

answer: Government of India Act

text: Government of India Act

question: Who was crowned the Empress of India?

answer: Queen Victoria

text: Queen Victoria


text: Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity. Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi, the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, the Comparative Literature Association of India, and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad. Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891, and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: has

text: continued

text: with

text: these

text: traditions

text: in

text: its

text: annual

text: Hyderabad

text: Literary

text: Festival

text: held

text: since

text: showcasing

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: literary

text: and

text: cultural

text: creativity

text: Organisations

text: engaged

text: in

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: literature

text: include

text: the

text: Sahitya

text: Akademi

text: the

text: Urdu

text: Academy

text: the

text: Telugu

text: Academy

text: the

text: National

text: Council

text: for

text: Promotion

text: of

text: Urdu

text: Language

text: the

text: Comparative

text: Literature

text: Association

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: Andhra

text: Saraswata

text: Parishad

text: Literary

text: development

text: is

text: further

text: aided

text: by

text: state

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: Central

text: Library

text: the

text: largest

text: public

text: library

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: other

text: major

text: libraries

text: including

text: the

text: Sri

text: Krishna

text: Devaraya

text: Andhra

text: Bhasha

text: Nilayam

text: the

text: British

text: Library

text: and

text: the

text: Sundarayya

text: Vignana

text: Kendram

question: In what year did the Hyderabad Literary Festival start?

answer: 2010

question: What is the name of the largest public library in Hyderabad?

answer: State Central Library

text: State Central Library

question: What is one of the activities Telugu Academy is credited with encouraging?

answer: the advancement of literature

text: the advancement of literature

question: In what year was the biggest public library in Hyderabad created?

answer: 1891


text: On 17 November 1989, The Sun headlined a page 2 news story titled "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." The Sun favourably cited the opinions of Lord Kilbracken, a member of the All Parliamentary Group on AIDS. Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 individuals with HIV/AIDS mentioned in a specific Department of Health report was not a member of a "high risk group", such as homosexuals and recreational drug users. The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible". In other words, impossible. So now we know – everything else is homosexual propaganda." Although many other British press services covered Lord Kilbracken's public comments, none of them made the argument that the Sun did in its editorial and none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: November

text: The

text: Sun

text: headlined

text: a

text: page

text: news

text: story

text: titled

text: STRAIGHT

text: SEX

text: CANNOT

text: GIVE

text: YOU

text: AIDS

text: OFFICIAL

text: The

text: Sun

text: favourably

text: cited

text: the

text: opinions

text: of

text: Lord

text: Kilbracken

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: All

text: Parliamentary

text: Group

text: on

text: AIDS

text: Lord

text: Kilbracken

text: said

text: that

text: only

text: one

text: person

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: individuals

text: with

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: mentioned

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: Department

text: of

text: Health

text: report

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: risk

text: group

text: such

text: as

text: homosexuals

text: and

text: recreational

text: drug

text: users

text: The

text: Sun

text: also

text: ran

text: an

text: editorial

text: further

text: arguing

text: that

text: At

text: last

text: the

text: truth

text: can

text: be

text: told

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: catching

text: AIDS

text: if

text: you

text: are

text: heterosexual

text: is

text: statistically

text: invisible

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: impossible

text: So

text: now

text: we

text: know

text: everything

text: else

text: is

text: homosexual

text: propaganda

text: Although

text: many

text: other

text: British

text: press

text: services

text: covered

text: Lord

text: Kilbracken

text: 's

text: public

text: comments

text: of

text: them

text: made

text: the

text: argument

text: that

text: the

text: Sun

text: did

text: in

text: its

text: editorial

text: and

text: of

text: them

text: presented

text: Lord

text: Kilbracken

text: 's

text: ideas

text: without

text: context

text: or

text: criticism

question: What was the headline for a page 2 Sun story on 17 November 1989?

answer: "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL."

text: "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL."

question: Whose opinion did The Sun trust in their AIDS reporting?

answer: Lord Kilbracken

text: Lord Kilbracken

question: Which groups were classified as being at a high risk for AIDS?

answer: homosexuals and recreational drug users

text: homosexuals and recreational drug users

question: With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated?

answer: All Parliamentary Group on AIDS

text: All Parliamentary Group on AIDS

question: How did other news outlets report on Lord Kilbracken's words?

answer: none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism

text: none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism


text: The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound that includes the Santa Monica Museum of Art. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: The

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Looff

text: Hippodrome

text: carousel

text: is

text: a

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: It

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Pier

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: The

text: La

text: Monica

text: Ballroom

text: on

text: the

text: pier

text: was

text: once

text: the

text: largest

text: ballroom

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: source

text: for

text: many

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Eve

text: national

text: network

text: broadcasts

text: The

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Civic

text: Auditorium

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: music

text: venue

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: and

text: hosted

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: in

text: the

text: McCabe

text: 's

text: Guitar

text: Shop

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: leading

text: acoustic

text: performance

text: space

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: retail

text: outlet

text: Bergamot

text: Station

text: is

text: a

text: city

text: owned

text: art

text: gallery

text: compound

text: that

text: includes

text: the

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: California

text: Heritage

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Angels

text: Attic

text: dollhouse

text: and

text: toy

text: museum

question: What year was the Sanat Monica Pier buildt?

answer: 1909

question: What historic landmark is located on the Pier?

answer: Looff Hippodrome

text: Looff Hippodrome

question: La Monica Ballroom used to be what type of ballroom in the United States?

answer: largest

text: largest

question: Where were the Academy Awards held in the 1960's?

answer: Santa Monica Civic Auditorium

text: Santa Monica Civic Auditorium

question: What place is still considered a prominent acoustic performance area?

answer: McCabe's Guitar Shop

text: McCabe's Guitar Shop


text: For its complete North American release, the Nintendo Entertainment System was progressively released over the ensuing years in four different bundles: the Deluxe Set, the Control Deck, the Action Set and the Power Set. The Deluxe Set, retailing at US$199.99 (equivalent to $475 in 2016), included R.O.B., a light gun called the NES Zapper, two controllers, and two Game Paks: Gyromite, and Duck Hunt. The Basic Set, retailing at US$89.99 with no game, and US$99.99 bundled with "Super Mario Bros." The Action Set, retailing in 1988 for US$149.99, came with the Control Deck, two game controllers, an NES Zapper, and a dual Game Pak containing both Super Mario Bros. and Duck Hunt. In 1989, the Power Set included the console, two game controllers, a NES Zapper, a Power Pad, and a triple Game Pak containing Super Mario Bros, Duck Hunt, and World Class Track Meet. In 1990, a Sports Set bundle was released, including the console, an NES Satellite infrared wireless multitap adapter, four game controllers, and a dual Game Pak containing Super Spike V'Ball and Nintendo World Cup. Two more bundle packages were later released using the original model NES console. The Challenge Set of 1992 included the console, two controllers, and a Super Mario Bros. 3 Game Pak for a retail price of US$89.99. The Basic Set, first released in 1987, was repackaged for a retail US$89.99. It included only the console and two controllers, and no longer was bundled with a cartridge. Instead, it contained a book called the Official Nintendo Player's Guide, which contained detailed information for every NES game made up to that point.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: For

text: its

text: complete

text: North

text: American

text: release

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: was

text: progressively

text: released

text: over

text: the

text: ensuing

text: years

text: in

text: four

text: different

text: bundles

text: the

text: Deluxe

text: Set

text: the

text: Control

text: Deck

text: the

text: Action

text: Set

text: and

text: the

text: Power

text: Set

text: The

text: Deluxe

text: Set

text: retailing

text: at

text: US$

text: equivalent

text: to

text: in

text: included

text: R.O.B.

text: a

text: light

text: gun

text: called

text: the

text: NES

text: Zapper

text: two

text: controllers

text: and

text: two

text: Game

text: Paks

text: Gyromite

text: and

text: Duck

text: Hunt

text: The

text: Basic

text: Set

text: retailing

text: at

text: US$

text: with

text: no

text: game

text: and

text: US$

text: bundled

text: with

text: Super

text: Mario

text: Bros.

text: The

text: Action

text: Set

text: retailing

text: in

text: for

text: US$

text: came

text: with

text: the

text: Control

text: Deck

text: two

text: game

text: controllers

text: an

text: NES

text: Zapper

text: and

text: a

text: dual

text: Game

text: Pak

text: containing

text: both

text: Super

text: Mario

text: Bros.

text: and

text: Duck

text: Hunt

text: In

text: the

text: Power

text: Set

text: included

text: the

text: console

text: two

text: game

text: controllers

text: a

text: NES

text: Zapper

text: a

text: Power

text: Pad

text: and

text: a

text: triple

text: Game

text: Pak

text: containing

text: Super

text: Mario

text: Bros

text: Duck

text: Hunt

text: and

text: World

text: Class

text: Track

text: Meet

text: In

text: a

text: Sports

text: Set

text: bundle

text: was

text: released

text: including

text: the

text: console

text: an

text: NES

text: Satellite

text: infrared

text: wireless

text: multitap

text: adapter

text: four

text: game

text: controllers

text: and

text: a

text: dual

text: Game

text: Pak

text: containing

text: Super

text: Spike

text: V'Ball

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: World

text: Cup

text: Two

text: more

text: bundle

text: packages

text: were

text: later

text: released

text: using

text: the

text: original

text: model

text: NES

text: console

text: The

text: Challenge

text: Set

text: of

text: included

text: the

text: console

text: two

text: controllers

text: and

text: a

text: Super

text: Mario

text: Bros.

text: Game

text: Pak

text: for

text: a

text: retail

text: price

text: of

text: US$

text: The

text: Basic

text: Set

text: first

text: released

text: in

text: was

text: repackaged

text: for

text: a

text: retail

text: US$

text: It

text: included

text: only

text: the

text: console

text: and

text: two

text: controllers

text: and

text: no

text: longer

text: was

text: bundled

text: with

text: a

text: cartridge

text: Instead

text: it

text: contained

text: a

text: book

text: called

text: the

text: Official

text: Nintendo

text: Player

text: 's

text: Guide

text: which

text: contained

text: detailed

text: information

text: for

text: every

text: NES

text: game

text: made

text: up

text: to

text: that

text: point

question: How much was the selling price equivalent to in today's money?

answer: $475

question: How much did the Deluxe NES sell for?

answer: US$199.99

question: How much did the console sell for bundled with just the Super Mario Bros. game?

answer: US$99.99

question: Super Mario Bros was paired with which game in the Action Set?

answer: Duck Hunt

text: Duck Hunt

question: The Basic Set sold for how much at release?

answer: US$89.99


text: In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: two

text: service

text: bells

text: cast

text: by

text: Robert

text: Mot

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: a

text: Sanctus

text: bell

text: cast

text: in

text: by

text: Richard

text: Phelps

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Lester

text: and

text: two

text: unused

text: bells

text: one

text: cast

text: about

text: by

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: R

text: de

text: Wymbish

text: and

text: a

text: second

text: cast

text: in

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Lester

text: The

text: two

text: service

text: bells

text: and

text: the

text: bell

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: fourth

text: small

text: silver

text: dish

text: bell

text: kept

text: in

text: the

text: refectory

text: have

text: been

text: noted

text: as

text: being

text: of

text: historical

text: importance

text: by

text: the

text: Church

text: Buildings

text: Council

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

question: Who cast the two service bells?

answer: Robert Mot

text: Robert Mot

question: When were the two service bells cast?

answer: 1585 and 1598

text: 1585 and 1598

question: When was the Sanctus bell cast?

answer: 1738

question: Who cast the Sanctus bell?

answer: Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester

text: Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester

question: Where is the "dish bell" kept?

answer: in the refectory

text: in the refectory


text: The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina (    ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: The

text: exonym

text: Armenia

text: is

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Persian

text: Behistun

text: Inscription

text: BC

text: as

text: Armina

text: The

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: terms

text: Ἀρμενία

text: Armenía

text: and

text: Ἀρμένιοι

text: Arménioi

text: Armenians

text: are

text: first

text: mentioned

text: by

text: Hecataeus

text: of

text: Miletus

text: c.

text: BC

text: c.

text: BC

text: Xenophon

text: a

text: Greek

text: general

text: serving

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: expeditions

text: describes

text: many

text: aspects

text: of

text: Armenian

text: village

text: life

text: and

text: hospitality

text: in

text: around

text: BC

text: He

text: relates

text: that

text: the

text: people

text: spoke

text: a

text: language

text: that

text: to

text: his

text: ear

text: sounded

text: like

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Persians

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: histories

text: of

text: both

text: Moses

text: of

text: Chorene

text: and

text: Michael

text: Chamchian

text: Armenia

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Aram

text: a

text: lineal

text: descendant

text: of

text: Hayk

question: What name did Armenia gain it's name from?

answer: Aram

text: Aram

question: When did Xenophon visit Armenia?

answer: 401 BC

text: 401 BC

question: Who first referenced the Armenians?

answer: Hecataeus of Miletus

text: Hecataeus of Miletus

question: What language does Armenias resemble most?

answer: Persians

text: Persians


text: The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges and it is also available to hire for private events. The Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way became a listed building in June 2007 because of its quality and period features, but has become the centre of a controversy as the council planned for its demolition estimating that it could cost £40m to refurbish it, resulting in possible job losses.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: official

text: residence

text: is

text: Elliot

text: Terrace

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Hoe

text: Once

text: a

text: home

text: of

text: Waldorf

text: and

text: Nancy

text: Astor

text: it

text: was

text: given

text: by

text: Lady

text: Astor

text: to

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: residence

text: for

text: future

text: Lord

text: Mayors

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: today

text: for

text: civic

text: hospitality

text: as

text: lodgings

text: for

text: visiting

text: dignitaries

text: and

text: High

text: Court

text: judges

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: available

text: to

text: hire

text: for

text: private

text: events

text: The

text: Civic

text: Centre

text: municipal

text: office

text: building

text: in

text: Armada

text: Way

text: became

text: a

text: listed

text: building

text: in

text: June

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: quality

text: and

text: period

text: features

text: but

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: a

text: controversy

text: as

text: the

text: council

text: planned

text: for

text: its

text: demolition

text: estimating

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: cost

text: m

text: to

text: refurbish

text: it

text: resulting

text: in

text: possible

text: job

text: losses

question: At what street address is the Lord Mayor's residence located?

answer: 3 Elliot Terrace

text: 3 Elliot Terrace

question: Who gave the Lord Mayor's official residence to Plymouth?

answer: Lady Astor

text: Lady Astor

question: On what street is the Civic Centre office building located?

answer: Armada Way

text: Armada Way

question: In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building?

answer: June 2007

text: June 2007

question: What did Plymouth council estimate the cost to refurbish the Civic Centre municipal office building to be?

answer: £40m


text: The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament. Between 1439 and 1934, Plymouth had a Mayor. In 1914 the county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth. Collectively they were referred to as "The Three Towns".

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: first

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: settlement

text: at

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: Domesday

text: Book

text: in

text: as

text: Sudtone

text: Saxon

text: for

text: south

text: farm

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Barbican

text: From

text: Saxon

text: times

text: it

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: hundred

text: of

text: Roborough

text: In

text: it

text: gained

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: town

text: and

text: in

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: town

text: in

text: England

text: to

text: be

text: granted

text: a

text: Charter

text: by

text: Parliament

text: Between

text: and

text: Plymouth

text: had

text: a

text: Mayor

text: In

text: the

text: county

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Devonport

text: and

text: the

text: urban

text: district

text: of

text: East

text: Stonehouse

text: merged

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: single

text: county

text: borough

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: Collectively

text: they

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Three

text: Towns

question: In what text was the presence of a settlement in the Plymouth area first recorded?

answer: Domesday Book

text: Domesday Book

question: In what year was the Domesday Book compiled?

answer: 1086

question: What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book?

answer: Sudtone

text: Sudtone

question: In what year was Plymouth recognized as a town?

answer: 1254

question: In what year did Parliament bestow a Charter on Plymouth?

answer: 1439


text: While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: While

text: some

text: like

text: Spencer

text: used

text: analogy

text: from

text: natural

text: selection

text: as

text: an

text: argument

text: against

text: government

text: intervention

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: to

text: benefit

text: the

text: poor

text: others

text: including

text: Alfred

text: Russel

text: Wallace

text: argued

text: that

text: action

text: was

text: needed

text: to

text: correct

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: inequities

text: to

text: level

text: the

text: playing

text: field

text: before

text: natural

text: selection

text: could

text: improve

text: humanity

text: further

text: Some

text: political

text: commentaries

text: including

text: Walter

text: Bagehot

text: 's

text: Physics

text: and

text: Politics

text: attempted

text: to

text: extend

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: to

text: competition

text: between

text: nations

text: and

text: between

text: human

text: races

text: Such

text: ideas

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: what

text: was

text: already

text: an

text: ongoing

text: effort

text: by

text: some

text: working

text: in

text: anthropology

text: to

text: provide

text: scientific

text: evidence

text: for

text: the

text: superiority

text: of

text: Caucasians

text: over

text: non

text: white

text: races

text: and

text: justify

text: European

text: imperialism

text: Historians

text: write

text: that

text: most

text: such

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: commentators

text: had

text: only

text: a

text: superficial

text: understanding

text: of

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: scientific

text: theory

text: and

text: were

text: as

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: other

text: concepts

text: about

text: social

text: progress

text: and

text: evolution

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Lamarckian

text: ideas

text: of

text: Spencer

text: and

text: Haeckel

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: by

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: work

text: Darwin

text: objected

text: to

text: his

text: ideas

text: being

text: used

text: to

text: justify

text: military

text: aggression

text: and

text: unethical

text: business

text: practices

text: as

text: he

text: believed

text: morality

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: fitness

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: he

text: opposed

text: polygenism

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: human

text: races

text: were

text: fundamentally

text: distinct

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: share

text: a

text: recent

text: common

text: ancestry

question: Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?

answer: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Alfred Russel Wallace

question: Which political commentary attempted to widen the idea of natural selection to include competition between different races of people and countries?

answer: Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872)

text: Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872)

question: Why were some political commentaries attempting to attach natural selection to human races?

answer: to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism

text: to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism

question: What uses of his ideology did Darwin object to being used?

answer: to justify military aggression and unethical business practices

text: to justify military aggression and unethical business practices

question: What theory about humanity did Darwin oppose?

answer: he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

text: he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.


text: Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication. It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virulence, and adaptive metabolic functions. Although horizontal gene transfer is rare in eukaryotes, likely examples have been identified of protist and alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Horizontal

text: gene

text: transfer

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: genetic

text: material

text: through

text: a

text: mechanism

text: other

text: than

text: reproduction

text: This

text: mechanism

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: source

text: of

text: new

text: genes

text: in

text: prokaryotes

text: sometimes

text: thought

text: to

text: contribute

text: more

text: to

text: genetic

text: variation

text: than

text: gene

text: duplication

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: means

text: of

text: spreading

text: antibiotic

text: resistance

text: virulence

text: and

text: adaptive

text: metabolic

text: functions

text: Although

text: horizontal

text: gene

text: transfer

text: is

text: rare

text: in

text: eukaryotes

text: likely

text: examples

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: of

text: protist

text: and

text: alga

text: genomes

text: containing

text: genes

text: of

text: bacterial

text: origin

question: What is the  transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as?

answer: Horizontal gene transfer

text: Horizontal gene transfer

question: In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes?

answer: prokaryotes

text: prokaryotes

question: What is one trait that horizontal gene transfer is a common means of spreading?

answer: antibiotic resistance

text: antibiotic resistance

question: In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer rare?

answer: eukaryotes

text: eukaryotes

question: What is one example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes?

answer: alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin

text: alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin


text: At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Soviet

text: troops

text: occupied

text: southern

text: Sakhalin

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: Kuril

text: Islands

text: making

text: them

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: RSFSR

text: The

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: southernmost

text: Kurils

text: remains

text: in

text: dispute

text: with

text: Japan

question: Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?

answer: Kuril Islands

text: Kuril Islands

question: What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?

answer: the RSFSR

text: the RSFSR

question: The ownership of what islands are disputed with Japan?

answer: the southernmost Kurils

text: the southernmost Kurils


text: Chapter IX deals with the fact that the geologic record appears to show forms of life suddenly arising, without the innumerable transitional fossils expected from gradual changes. Darwin borrowed Charles Lyell's argument in Principles of Geology that the record is extremely imperfect as fossilisation is a very rare occurrence, spread over vast periods of time; since few areas had been geologically explored, there could only be fragmentary knowledge of geological formations, and fossil collections were very poor. Evolved local varieties which migrated into a wider area would seem to be the sudden appearance of a new species. Darwin did not expect to be able to reconstruct evolutionary history, but continuing discoveries gave him well founded hope that new finds would occasionally reveal transitional forms. To show that there had been enough time for natural selection to work slowly, he again cited Principles of Geology and other observations based on sedimentation and erosion, including an estimate that erosion of The Weald had taken 300 million years. The initial appearance of entire groups of well developed organisms in the oldest fossil-bearing layers, now known as the Cambrian explosion, posed a problem. Darwin had no doubt that earlier seas had swarmed with living creatures, but stated that he had no satisfactory explanation for the lack of fossils. Fossil evidence of pre-Cambrian life has since been found, extending the history of life back for billions of years.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Chapter

text: IX

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: geologic

text: record

text: appears

text: to

text: show

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: suddenly

text: arising

text: without

text: the

text: innumerable

text: transitional

text: fossils

text: expected

text: from

text: gradual

text: changes

text: Darwin

text: borrowed

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: 's

text: argument

text: in

text: Principles

text: of

text: Geology

text: that

text: the

text: record

text: is

text: extremely

text: imperfect

text: as

text: fossilisation

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: rare

text: occurrence

text: spread

text: over

text: vast

text: periods

text: of

text: time

text: since

text: few

text: areas

text: had

text: been

text: geologically

text: explored

text: there

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: fragmentary

text: knowledge

text: of

text: geological

text: formations

text: and

text: fossil

text: collections

text: were

text: very

text: poor

text: Evolved

text: local

text: varieties

text: which

text: migrated

text: into

text: a

text: wider

text: area

text: would

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: sudden

text: appearance

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: species

text: Darwin

text: did

text: not

text: expect

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: but

text: continuing

text: discoveries

text: gave

text: him

text: well

text: founded

text: hope

text: that

text: new

text: finds

text: would

text: occasionally

text: reveal

text: transitional

text: forms

text: To

text: show

text: that

text: there

text: had

text: been

text: enough

text: time

text: for

text: natural

text: selection

text: to

text: work

text: slowly

text: he

text: again

text: cited

text: Principles

text: of

text: Geology

text: and

text: other

text: observations

text: based

text: on

text: sedimentation

text: and

text: erosion

text: including

text: an

text: estimate

text: that

text: erosion

text: of

text: The

text: Weald

text: had

text: taken

text: million

text: years

text: The

text: initial

text: appearance

text: of

text: entire

text: groups

text: of

text: well

text: developed

text: organisms

text: in

text: the

text: oldest

text: fossil

text: bearing

text: layers

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: explosion

text: posed

text: a

text: problem

text: Darwin

text: had

text: no

text: doubt

text: that

text: earlier

text: seas

text: had

text: swarmed

text: with

text: living

text: creatures

text: but

text: stated

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: satisfactory

text: explanation

text: for

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: fossils

text: Fossil

text: evidence

text: of

text: pre

text: Cambrian

text: life

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: found

text: extending

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: life

text: back

text: for

text: billions

text: of

text: years

question: Whose argument did Darwin borrow that geological record is very imperfect, because fossilization is rare?

answer: Charles Lyell

text: Charles Lyell

question: Which book written by Charles Lyell contains the argument that fossils are too rare to be used as proof of life suddenly arising?

answer: Principles of Geology

text: Principles of Geology

question: What did Darwin hope to find as he continued to explore new geologic discoveries?

answer: that new finds would occasionally reveal transitional forms

text: that new finds would occasionally reveal transitional forms

question: How long did Darwin estimate the erosion of the Weald to be?

answer: 300 million years

text: 300 million years

question: What is the name of the group of well-developed organisms that were discovered within fossil-bearing layers?

answer: the Cambrian explosion

text: the Cambrian explosion


text: Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Manhattan

text: was

text: on

text: track

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: estimated

text: hotel

text: rooms

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: increase

text: from

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: Anbang

text: Insurance

text: Group

text: based

text: in

text: China

text: purchased

text: the

text: Waldorf

text: Astoria

text: New

text: York

text: for

text: US$

text: billion

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: expensive

text: hotel

text: ever

text: sold

question: About how many hotel rooms are there in Manhattan?

answer: 90,000

question: What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014?

answer: 10%

question: Who owns the Waldorf Astoria?

answer: Anbang Insurance Group

text: Anbang Insurance Group

question: What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria?

answer: US$1.95 billion

text: US$1.95 billion

question: The hotel that sold for the most money in 2014 was which in NYC?

answer: Waldorf Astoria New York

text: Waldorf Astoria New York

question: How many hotel rooms are located in NYC as of the end of 2014?

answer: 90,000

question: Who bought the Waldorf Astoria hotel in NYC in 2014?

answer: Anbang Insurance Group

text: Anbang Insurance Group

question: The Waldorf Astoria hotel sold for how many dollars?

answer: 1.95 billion

text: 1.95 billion


text: On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: On

text: April

text: after

text: his

text: proposed

text: Plan

text: for

text: Stability

text: and

text: Growth

text: IV

text: PEC

text: IV

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: José

text: Sócrates

text: announced

text: on

text: national

text: television

text: that

text: the

text: country

text: would

text: request

text: financial

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: IMF

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Financial

text: Stability

text: Facility

text: as

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: had

text: done

text: previously

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: government

text: had

text: requested

text: external

text: financial

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: IMF

text: the

text: first

text: occasion

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: following

text: the

text: Carnation

text: 's

text: Revolution

text: In

text: October

text: Moody

text: 's

text: Investor

text: Services

text: downgraded

text: nine

text: Portuguese

text: banks

text: due

text: to

text: financial

text: weakness

question: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?

answer: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility

text: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility

question: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?

answer: third

text: third

question: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support?

answer: Carnation's Revolution

text: Carnation's Revolution

question: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011?

answer: financial weakness

text: financial weakness