text: Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and social media to seek out romantic relationships as they feel it is a safe place to try out dating and identity exploration. From these social media encounters, a further relationship may begin. Kissing, hand holding, and hugging signify satisfaction and commitment. Among young adolescents, "heavy" sexual activity, marked by genital stimulation, is often associated with violence, depression, and poor relationship quality. This effect does not hold true for sexual activity in late adolescence that takes place within a romantic relationship. Some research suggest that there are genetic causes of early sexual activity that are also risk factors for delinquency, suggesting that there is a group who are at risk for both early sexual activity and emotional distress. For old adolescents, though, sexual activity in the context of romantic relationships was actually correlated with lower levels of deviant behavior after controlling for genetic risks, as opposed to sex outside of a relationship (hook-ups)

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Adolescence

text: marks

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: sexual

text: maturation

text: which

text: manifests

text: in

text: social

text: interactions

text: as

text: well

text: While

text: adolescents

text: may

text: engage

text: in

text: casual

text: sexual

text: encounters

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: hookups

text: most

text: sexual

text: experience

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: development

text: takes

text: place

text: within

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: Adolescents

text: can

text: use

text: technologies

text: and

text: social

text: media

text: to

text: seek

text: out

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: as

text: they

text: feel

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: safe

text: place

text: to

text: try

text: out

text: dating

text: and

text: identity

text: exploration

text: From

text: these

text: social

text: media

text: encounters

text: a

text: further

text: relationship

text: may

text: begin

text: Kissing

text: hand

text: holding

text: and

text: hugging

text: signify

text: satisfaction

text: and

text: commitment

text: Among

text: young

text: adolescents

text: heavy

text: sexual

text: activity

text: marked

text: by

text: genital

text: stimulation

text: is

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: violence

text: depression

text: and

text: poor

text: relationship

text: quality

text: This

text: effect

text: does

text: not

text: hold

text: true

text: for

text: sexual

text: activity

text: in

text: late

text: adolescence

text: that

text: takes

text: place

text: within

text: a

text: romantic

text: relationship

text: Some

text: research

text: suggest

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: genetic

text: causes

text: of

text: early

text: sexual

text: activity

text: that

text: are

text: also

text: risk

text: factors

text: for

text: delinquency

text: suggesting

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: group

text: who

text: are

text: at

text: risk

text: for

text: both

text: early

text: sexual

text: activity

text: and

text: emotional

text: distress

text: For

text: old

text: adolescents

text: though

text: sexual

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: was

text: actually

text: correlated

text: with

text: lower

text: levels

text: of

text: deviant

text: behavior

text: after

text: controlling

text: for

text: genetic

text: risks

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: sex

text: outside

text: of

text: a

text: relationship

text: hook

text: ups

question: Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what?

answer: hookups

text: hookups

question: Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships?

answer: within

text: within

question: Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?

answer: social media

text: social media

question: What seperates "heavy" sexual activity from other forms of affection?

answer: genital stimulation

text: genital stimulation

question: For older adolescents, is sexual activity in a romantic relationship associated with lower or higher levels of deviant behavior?

answer: lower

text: lower


text: During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: During

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: more

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: industry

text: also

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: aircraft

text: and

text: car

text: manufacture

text: cables

text: electrical

text: engineering

text: products

text: and

text: petrochemicals

text: These

text: now

text: exist

text: alongside

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: older

text: industries

text: of

text: the

text: docks

text: grain

text: milling

text: and

text: tobacco

text: processing

question: What century saw more diverse industries come to Southampton?

answer: 20th

question: Southampton's range of industries includes the manufacture of cars and what other transport?

answer: aircraft

text: aircraft

question: What kind of engineering does industry in Southampton support?

answer: electrical

text: electrical

question: Along with the docks and grain mills, what crop has been processed in Southampton for a long time?

answer: tobacco

text: tobacco


text: John spent much of 1205 securing England against a potential French invasion. As an emergency measure, John recreated a version of Henry II's Assize of Arms of 1181, with each shire creating a structure to mobilise local levies. When the threat of invasion faded, John formed a large military force in England intended for Poitou, and a large fleet with soldiers under his own command intended for Normandy. To achieve this, John reformed the English feudal contribution to his campaigns, creating a more flexible system under which only one knight in ten would actually be mobilised, but would be financially supported by the other nine; knights would serve for an indefinite period. John built up a strong team of engineers for siege warfare and a substantial force of professional crossbowmen. The king was supported by a team of leading barons with military expertise, including William Longespée, William the Marshal, Roger de Lacy and, until he fell from favour, the marcher lord William de Braose.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: securing

text: England

text: against

text: a

text: potential

text: French

text: invasion

text: As

text: an

text: emergency

text: measure

text: John

text: recreated

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: Henry

text: II

text: 's

text: Assize

text: of

text: Arms

text: of

text: with

text: each

text: shire

text: creating

text: a

text: structure

text: to

text: mobilise

text: local

text: levies

text: When

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: invasion

text: faded

text: John

text: formed

text: a

text: large

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: England

text: intended

text: for

text: Poitou

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: fleet

text: with

text: soldiers

text: under

text: his

text: own

text: command

text: intended

text: for

text: Normandy

text: To

text: achieve

text: this

text: John

text: reformed

text: the

text: English

text: feudal

text: contribution

text: to

text: his

text: campaigns

text: creating

text: a

text: more

text: flexible

text: system

text: under

text: which

text: only

text: one

text: knight

text: in

text: ten

text: would

text: actually

text: be

text: mobilised

text: but

text: would

text: be

text: financially

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: nine

text: knights

text: would

text: serve

text: for

text: an

text: indefinite

text: period

text: John

text: built

text: up

text: a

text: strong

text: team

text: of

text: engineers

text: for

text: siege

text: warfare

text: and

text: a

text: substantial

text: force

text: of

text: professional

text: crossbowmen

text: The

text: king

text: was

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: leading

text: barons

text: with

text: military

text: expertise

text: including

text: William

text: Longespée

text: William

text: the

text: Marshal

text: Roger

text: de

text: Lacy

text: and

text: until

text: he

text: fell

text: from

text: favour

text: the

text: marcher

text: lord

text: William

text: de

text: Braose

question: John spent much of 1205 doing what?

answer: securing England

text: securing England

question: When did John recreate a version of Henry II's Assize of Arms?

answer: 1181

question: How many knights out of ten would be mobilised?

answer: one

text: one


text: The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to the prey species, though the individuals preyed upon themselves do not benefit. This means that, at each applicable stage, predator and prey species are in an evolutionary arms race to maximize their respective abilities to obtain food or avoid being eaten. This interaction has resulted in a vast array of adaptations in both groups.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: The

text: act

text: of

text: predation

text: can

text: be

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: four

text: stages

text: Detection

text: of

text: prey

text: attack

text: capture

text: and

text: finally

text: consumption

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: predator

text: and

text: prey

text: is

text: one

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: beneficial

text: to

text: the

text: predator

text: and

text: detrimental

text: to

text: the

text: prey

text: species

text: Sometimes

text: however

text: predation

text: has

text: indirect

text: benefits

text: to

text: the

text: prey

text: species

text: though

text: the

text: individuals

text: preyed

text: upon

text: themselves

text: do

text: not

text: benefit

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: at

text: each

text: applicable

text: stage

text: predator

text: and

text: prey

text: species

text: are

text: in

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: arms

text: race

text: to

text: maximize

text: their

text: respective

text: abilities

text: to

text: obtain

text: food

text: or

text: avoid

text: being

text: eaten

text: This

text: interaction

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: vast

text: array

text: of

text: adaptations

text: in

text: both

text: groups

question: At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction?

answer: maximum of four stages

text: maximum of four stages

question: What is the first step of the predator-prey interaction?

answer: Detection of prey

text: Detection of prey

question: How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction?

answer: array of adaptations

text: array of adaptations

question: Who doesn't benefit from the predator-prey interaction?

answer: the individuals preyed upon

text: the individuals preyed upon

question: How many stages can predation be divided into?

answer: maximum of four stages

text: maximum of four stages

question: What are the four stages of predation?

answer: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption

text: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption

question: What dilemma has resulted in many predatory adaptations?

answer: obtain food or avoid being eaten

text: obtain food or avoid being eaten

question: In predation's four stages, in what stage is consumption?

answer: final

text: final


text: All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to this understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts.

title: University

title: University

text: All

text: over

text: Europe

text: rulers

text: and

text: city

text: governments

text: began

text: to

text: create

text: universities

text: to

text: satisfy

text: a

text: European

text: thirst

text: for

text: knowledge

text: and

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: society

text: would

text: benefit

text: from

text: the

text: scholarly

text: expertise

text: generated

text: from

text: these

text: institutions

text: Princes

text: and

text: leaders

text: of

text: city

text: governments

text: perceived

text: the

text: potential

text: benefits

text: of

text: having

text: a

text: scholarly

text: expertise

text: develop

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: address

text: difficult

text: problems

text: and

text: achieve

text: desired

text: ends

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: humanism

text: was

text: essential

text: to

text: this

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: possible

text: utility

text: of

text: universities

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: revival

text: of

text: interest

text: in

text: knowledge

text: gained

text: from

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: texts

question: Which ancient texts began to see more study after universities were formed?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What outlook developed the creation of the university system?

answer: humanism

text: humanism

question: Why did rulers and governments in Europe form universities?

answer: to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge

text: to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge

question: What type of governments were involved in creating universities?

answer: city governments

text: city governments


text: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: A

text: residential

text: elevator

text: is

text: often

text: permitted

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: lower

text: cost

text: and

text: complexity

text: than

text: full

text: commercial

text: elevators

text: They

text: may

text: have

text: unique

text: design

text: characteristics

text: suited

text: for

text: home

text: furnishings

text: such

text: as

text: hinged

text: wooden

text: shaft

text: access

text: doors

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: typical

text: metal

text: sliding

text: doors

text: of

text: commercial

text: elevators

text: Construction

text: may

text: be

text: less

text: robust

text: than

text: in

text: commercial

text: designs

text: with

text: shorter

text: maintenance

text: periods

text: but

text: safety

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: locks

text: on

text: shaft

text: access

text: doors

text: fall

text: arrestors

text: and

text: emergency

text: phones

text: must

text: still

text: be

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: malfunction

question: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators?

answer: residential

text: residential

question: What type of doors do commercial elevators use?

answer: metal sliding

text: metal sliding

question: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?

answer: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

text: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

question: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door?

answer: residential

text: residential


text: On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel "to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people." Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public. A new teaching with documents website premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The website features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. The site also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: announced

text: the

text: launching

text: of

text: a

text: YouTube

text: channel

text: to

text: showcase

text: popular

text: archived

text: films

text: inform

text: the

text: public

text: about

text: upcoming

text: events

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: bring

text: National

text: Archives

text: exhibits

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: Also

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: launched

text: a

text: Flickr

text: photostream

text: to

text: share

text: portions

text: of

text: its

text: photographic

text: holdings

text: with

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: A

text: new

text: teaching

text: with

text: documents

text: website

text: premiered

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: education

text: team

text: The

text: website

text: features

text: documents

text: images

text: and

text: recordings

text: from

text: the

text: holdings

text: of

text: the

text: Archives

text: The

text: site

text: also

text: features

text: lesson

text: plans

text: and

text: tools

text: for

text: creating

text: new

text: classroom

text: activities

text: and

text: lessons

question: Which Google affiliated website did the National Archives decide to use in 2009?

answer: YouTube

text: YouTube

question: What purpose does the National Archive YouTube channel serve?

answer: showcase popular archived films

text: showcase popular archived films

question: What online service did the National Archives decide to use to showcase its photographic holdings?

answer: Flickr

text: Flickr

question: The National Archives' educational team created a website in what year?

answer: 2010


text: On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a unicameral Territorial Council of nineteen members who are elected by popular vote and serve for five-year terms, and an executive council of seven members. Elections to these councils were first held on 1 July 2007 with the last election in March 2012.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: French

text: Parliament

text: passed

text: a

text: bill

text: granting

text: COM

text: status

text: to

text: both

text: St.

text: Barthélemy

text: and

text: separately

text: to

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: The

text: new

text: status

text: took

text: effect

text: on

text: July

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: territorial

text: council

text: was

text: elected

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: law

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: a

text: president

text: elected

text: every

text: five

text: years

text: a

text: unicameral

text: Territorial

text: Council

text: of

text: nineteen

text: members

text: who

text: are

text: elected

text: by

text: popular

text: vote

text: and

text: serve

text: for

text: five

text: year

text: terms

text: and

text: an

text: executive

text: council

text: of

text: seven

text: members

text: Elections

text: to

text: these

text: councils

text: were

text: first

text: held

text: on

text: July

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: election

text: in

text: March

question: What island besides St. Barts was granted COM status by France in 2007?

answer: Saint Martin

text: Saint Martin

question: How many years does a president have in office in St. Barts?

answer: five

text: five

question: When was the last election held for the executive council positions?

answer: in March 2012

text: in March 2012

question: When did the COM status for St. Barts take effect?

answer: 15 July 2007

text: 15 July 2007

question: How many people are on the Territorial Council?

answer: nineteen

text: nineteen


text: Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuition was required. Eisenhower requested consideration for either Annapolis or West Point with his U.S. Senator, Joseph L. Bristow. Though Eisenhower was among the winners of the entrance-exam competition, he was beyond the age limit for the Naval Academy. He then accepted an appointment to West Point in 1911.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Edgar

text: took

text: the

text: first

text: turn

text: at

text: school

text: and

text: Dwight

text: was

text: employed

text: as

text: a

text: night

text: supervisor

text: at

text: the

text: Belle

text: Springs

text: Creamery

text: Edgar

text: asked

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: year

text: Dwight

text: consented

text: and

text: worked

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: year

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: a

text: friend

text: Swede

text: Hazlet

text: was

text: applying

text: to

text: the

text: Naval

text: Academy

text: and

text: urged

text: Dwight

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: school

text: since

text: no

text: tuition

text: was

text: required

text: Eisenhower

text: requested

text: consideration

text: for

text: either

text: Annapolis

text: or

text: West

text: Point

text: with

text: his

text: U.S.

text: Senator

text: Joseph

text: L.

text: Bristow

text: Though

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: entrance

text: exam

text: competition

text: he

text: was

text: beyond

text: the

text: age

text: limit

text: for

text: the

text: Naval

text: Academy

text: He

text: then

text: accepted

text: an

text: appointment

text: to

text: West

text: Point

text: in

question: What was Eisenhower's job title during the first year his brother went to college?

answer: night supervisor

text: night supervisor

question: Where did Eisenhower work during his brother's first year of college?

answer: Belle Springs Creamery

text: Belle Springs Creamery

question: Who was Eisenhower's senator?

answer: Joseph L. Bristow

text: Joseph L. Bristow

question: Why couldn't Eisenhower attend Annapolis?

answer: beyond the age limit

text: beyond the age limit

question: In what year did Eisenhower matriculate to West Point?

answer: 1911


text: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Some

text: countries

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: mainly

text: the

text: unavailability

text: of

text: certain

text: crucial

text: data

text: The

text: following

text: United

text: Nations

text: Member

text: States

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: report

text: North

text: Korea

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: Monaco

text: Nauru

text: San

text: Marino

text: South

text: Sudan

text: Somalia

text: and

text: Tuvalu

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?

answer: unavailability of certain crucial data

text: unavailability of certain crucial data

question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?

answer: North Korea

text: North Korea


text: In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary "thaw" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing "race" began to subside.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: In

text: May

text: President

text: Richard

text: M.

text: Nixon

text: and

text: Soviet

text: Premier

text: Leonid

text: Brezhnev

text: negotiated

text: an

text: easing

text: of

text: relations

text: known

text: as

text: detente

text: creating

text: a

text: temporary

text: thaw

text: in

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: In

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: good

text: sportsmanship

text: the

text: time

text: seemed

text: right

text: for

text: cooperation

text: rather

text: than

text: competition

text: and

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: a

text: continuing

text: race

text: began

text: to

text: subside

question: Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?

answer: Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev

text: Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev

question: When did President Nixon and Brezhnev of the USSR end the Cold War?

answer: May 1972

text: May 1972


text: where a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement "without the dielectric" in principle means measurement in free space, an unattainable goal inasmuch as even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior, such as dichroism. For practical purposes, when measurement errors are taken into account, often a measurement in terrestrial vacuum, or simply a calculation of C0, is sufficiently accurate.)

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: where

text: a

text: single

text: prime

text: denotes

text: the

text: real

text: part

text: and

text: a

text: double

text: prime

text: the

text: imaginary

text: part

text: Z(ω

text: is

text: the

text: complex

text: impedance

text: with

text: the

text: dielectric

text: present

text: Ccmplx(ω

text: is

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: complex

text: capacitance

text: with

text: the

text: dielectric

text: present

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: capacitance

text: without

text: the

text: dielectric

text: Measurement

text: without

text: the

text: dielectric

text: in

text: principle

text: means

text: measurement

text: in

text: free

text: space

text: an

text: unattainable

text: goal

text: inasmuch

text: as

text: even

text: the

text: quantum

text: vacuum

text: is

text: predicted

text: to

text: exhibit

text: nonideal

text: behavior

text: such

text: as

text: dichroism

text: For

text: practical

text: purposes

text: when

text: measurement

text: errors

text: are

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: often

text: a

text: measurement

text: in

text: terrestrial

text: vacuum

text: or

text: simply

text: a

text: calculation

text: of

text: is

text: sufficiently

text: accurate

question: How is the complex impedance with dielectric represented mathematically?

answer: Z(ω)

text: Z(ω)

question: How is the complex capacitance without dielectric represented mathematically?

answer: C0

question: Why is the value of C0 unattainable in reality?

answer: even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior

text: even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior

question: Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes?

answer: in terrestrial vacuum

text: in terrestrial vacuum

question: How is the complex capacitance mathematically represented with the dielectric present?

answer: Ccmplx(ω)

text: Ccmplx(ω)


text: Under Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland and Livland, securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade. On the Baltic Sea Peter founded a new capital called Saint Petersburg, later known as Russia's Window to Europe. Peter the Great's reforms brought considerable Western European cultural influences to Russia. Catherine II (the Great), who ruled in 1762–96, extended Russian political control over the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and incorporated most of its territories into Russia during the Partitions of Poland, pushing the Russian frontier westward into Central Europe. In the south, after successful Russo-Turkish Wars against the Ottoman Empire, Catherine advanced Russia's boundary to the Black Sea, defeating the Crimean khanate.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Under

text: Peter

text: I

text: the

text: Great

text: Russia

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: an

text: Empire

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: recognized

text: as

text: a

text: world

text: power

text: Ruling

text: from

text: to

text: Peter

text: defeated

text: Sweden

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: War

text: forcing

text: it

text: to

text: cede

text: West

text: Karelia

text: and

text: Ingria

text: two

text: regions

text: lost

text: by

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: Time

text: of

text: Troubles

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Estland

text: and

text: Livland

text: securing

text: Russia

text: 's

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: sea

text: trade

text: On

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Peter

text: founded

text: a

text: new

text: capital

text: called

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Russia

text: 's

text: Window

text: to

text: Europe

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: 's

text: reforms

text: brought

text: considerable

text: Western

text: European

text: cultural

text: influences

text: to

text: Russia

text: Catherine

text: II

text: the

text: Great

text: who

text: ruled

text: in

text: extended

text: Russian

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: incorporated

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: into

text: Russia

text: during

text: the

text: Partitions

text: of

text: Poland

text: pushing

text: the

text: Russian

text: frontier

text: westward

text: into

text: Central

text: Europe

text: In

text: the

text: south

text: after

text: successful

text: Russo

text: Turkish

text: Wars

text: against

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Catherine

text: advanced

text: Russia

text: 's

text: boundary

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: defeating

text: the

text: Crimean

text: khanate

question: Under whom was Russia declared an empire?

answer: Peter I

text: Peter I

question: In what year was Russia declared an empire?

answer: 1721

question: Through what period did Peter I rule?

answer: 1682 to 1725

text: 1682 to 1725

question: Who did Peter I defeat in the Great Northern War?

answer: Sweden

text: Sweden

question: What did Peter I found on the Baltic Sea?

answer: a new capital called Saint Petersburg

text: a new capital called Saint Petersburg


text: The term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة, meaning "nation" or "community") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah refers to Islamic civilization, exclusive of non-Muslims living in that civilization. In a modern geopolitical sense, the term "Islamic Nation" usually refers collectively to Muslim-majority countries, states, districts, or towns.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: The

text: term

text: Muslim

text: world

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Islamic

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: Ummah

text: Arabic

text: أمة

text: meaning

text: nation

text: or

text: community

text: has

text: different

text: meanings

text: In

text: a

text: religious

text: sense

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Ummah

text: refers

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: adhere

text: to

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: Islam

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Muslims

text: In

text: a

text: cultural

text: sense

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Ummah

text: refers

text: to

text: Islamic

text: civilization

text: exclusive

text: of

text: non

text: Muslims

text: living

text: in

text: that

text: civilization

text: In

text: a

text: modern

text: geopolitical

text: sense

text: the

text: term

text: Islamic

text: Nation

text: usually

text: refers

text: collectively

text: to

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: countries

text: states

text: districts

text: or

text: towns

question: Islamic World is another way to refer to what?

answer: Muslim world

text: Muslim world

question: When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to?

answer: those who adhere to the teachings of Islam

text: those who adhere to the teachings of Islam

question: When speaking about culture, what does Ummah refer to?

answer: Islamic civilization

text: Islamic civilization

question: Community, or Nation are direct translations of what word in reference to Islam?

answer: Ummah

text: Ummah


text: In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the Colonial Revival. In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century. The Grange, for example, a manor built in Toronto, was built in 1817. In Montreal, English born architect John Ostell worked on a significant number of remarkable constructions in the Georgian style such as the Old Montreal Custom House and the Grand séminaire de Montréal.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: when

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: growing

text: nostalgia

text: for

text: its

text: sense

text: of

text: order

text: the

text: style

text: was

text: revived

text: and

text: adapted

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Colonial

text: Revival

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: United

text: Empire

text: Loyalists

text: embraced

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: as

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: their

text: fealty

text: to

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Georgian

text: style

text: was

text: dominant

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Grange

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: manor

text: built

text: in

text: Toronto

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: In

text: Montreal

text: English

text: born

text: architect

text: John

text: Ostell

text: worked

text: on

text: a

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: remarkable

text: constructions

text: in

text: the

text: Georgian

text: style

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Old

text: Montreal

text: Custom

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: séminaire

text: de

text: Montréal

question: What was the revival of Georgian style in twentieth century United States called?

answer: Colonial Revival

text: Colonial Revival

question: Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain?

answer: United Empire Loyalists

text: United Empire Loyalists

question: What English born architect designed the Old Montreal Custom House?

answer: John Ostell

text: John Ostell

question: What Toronto building was built in 1817?

answer: The Grange

text: The Grange


text: The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for adults. Children also worked as errand boys, crossing sweepers, shoe blacks, or selling matches, flowers and other cheap goods. Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades, such as building or as domestic servants (there were over 120,000 domestic servants in London in the mid-18th century). Working hours were long: builders worked 64 hours a week in summer and 52 in winter, while domestic servants worked 80 hour weeks.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: The

text: Victorian

text: era

text: in

text: particular

text: became

text: notorious

text: for

text: the

text: conditions

text: under

text: which

text: children

text: were

text: employed

text: Children

text: as

text: young

text: as

text: four

text: were

text: employed

text: in

text: production

text: factories

text: and

text: mines

text: working

text: long

text: hours

text: in

text: dangerous

text: often

text: fatal

text: working

text: conditions

text: In

text: coal

text: mines

text: children

text: would

text: crawl

text: through

text: tunnels

text: too

text: narrow

text: and

text: low

text: for

text: adults

text: Children

text: also

text: worked

text: as

text: errand

text: boys

text: crossing

text: sweepers

text: shoe

text: blacks

text: or

text: selling

text: matches

text: flowers

text: and

text: other

text: cheap

text: goods

text: Some

text: children

text: undertook

text: work

text: as

text: apprentices

text: to

text: respectable

text: trades

text: such

text: as

text: building

text: or

text: as

text: domestic

text: servants

text: there

text: were

text: over

text: domestic

text: servants

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Working

text: hours

text: were

text: long

text: builders

text: worked

text: hours

text: a

text: week

text: in

text: summer

text: and

text: in

text: winter

text: while

text: domestic

text: servants

text: worked

text: hour

text: weeks

question: On average how many weekly hours did a domestic servant put in?

answer: 80

question: Mid-18th century London had how many domestic servants?

answer: over 120,000

text: over 120,000

question: What was the youngest age of a child working in a factory?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many hours did builders work in the winter?

answer: 52

question: Were children able to take on apprenticeships?

answer: Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades

text: Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades


text: By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: Dell

text: 's

text: configure

text: to

text: order

text: approach

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: delivering

text: individual

text: PCs

text: configured

text: to

text: customer

text: specifications

text: from

text: its

text: US

text: facilities

text: was

text: no

text: longer

text: as

text: efficient

text: or

text: competitive

text: with

text: high

text: volume

text: Asian

text: contract

text: manufacturers

text: as

text: PCs

text: became

text: powerful

text: low

text: cost

text: commodities

text: Dell

text: closed

text: plants

text: that

text: produced

text: desktop

text: computers

text: for

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: market

text: including

text: the

text: Mort

text: Topfer

text: Manufacturing

text: Center

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: original

text: location

text: and

text: Lebanon

text: Tennessee

text: opened

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: early

text: respectively

text: The

text: desktop

text: production

text: plant

text: in

text: Winston

text: Salem

text: North

text: Carolina

text: received

text: US$

text: million

text: in

text: incentives

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: opened

text: in

text: but

text: ceased

text: operations

text: in

text: November

text: Dell

text: 's

text: contract

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: required

text: them

text: to

text: repay

text: the

text: incentives

text: for

text: failing

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: conditions

text: and

text: they

text: sold

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: plant

text: to

text: Herbalife

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: that

text: used

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: Dell

text: 's

text: U.S.

text: plants

text: was

text: transferred

text: to

text: contract

text: manufacturers

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: Mexico

text: or

text: some

text: of

text: Dell

text: 's

text: own

text: factories

text: overseas

text: The

text: Miami

text: Florida

text: facility

text: of

text: its

text: Alienware

text: subsidiary

text: remains

text: in

text: operation

text: while

text: Dell

text: continues

text: to

text: produce

text: its

text: servers

text: its

text: most

text: profitable

text: products

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: On

text: January

text: Dell

text: announced

text: the

text: closure

text: of

text: its

text: manufacturing

text: plant

text: in

text: Limerick

text: Ireland

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: jobs

text: and

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: production

text: to

text: its

text: plant

text: in

text: Łodź

text: in

text: Poland

question: What decade did Dell's manufacturing process become less efficient?

answer: 2000s

question: What plant did Dell close in Texas?

answer: Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center

text: Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center

question: What state was the Dell plant that received $280 million but was later closed?

answer: North Carolina

text: North Carolina

question: What company bought the North Carolina plant from Dell?

answer: Herbalife

text: Herbalife

question: The plant in what US state still remains in operation?

answer: Florida

text: Florida


text: The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC. They used the feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes. More than 1,000 years later, they became an important food source. The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: The

text: modern

text: domesticated

text: turkey

text: is

text: descended

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: subspecies

text: of

text: wild

text: turkey

text: Meleagris

text: gallopavo

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: Mexican

text: states

text: of

text: Jalisco

text: Guerrero

text: and

text: Veracruz

text: Pre

text: Aztec

text: tribes

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: Mexico

text: first

text: domesticated

text: the

text: bird

text: around

text: BC

text: and

text: Pueblo

text: Indians

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: Colorado

text: Plateau

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: did

text: likewise

text: around

text: BC

text: They

text: used

text: the

text: feathers

text: for

text: robes

text: blankets

text: and

text: ceremonial

text: purposes

text: More

text: than

text: years

text: later

text: they

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: food

text: source

text: The

text: first

text: Europeans

text: to

text: encounter

text: the

text: bird

text: misidentified

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: guineafowl

text: a

text: bird

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: turkey

text: fowl

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: because

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: into

text: Europe

text: via

text: Turkey

question: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?

answer: descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey

text: descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey

question: When were turkeys first used in a domestication setting?

answer: Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC

text: Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC

question: What other purposes have the domesticated turkey been used for aside from food?

answer: feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes

text: feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes

question: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the United States ?

answer: Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC.

text: Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC.


text: GM cotton acreage in India grew at a rapid rate, increasing from 50,000 hectares in 2002 to 10.6 million hectares in 2011. The total cotton area in India was 12.1 million hectares in 2011, so GM cotton was grown on 88% of the cotton area. This made India the country with the largest area of GM cotton in the world. A long-term study on the economic impacts of Bt cotton in India, published in the Journal PNAS in 2012, showed that Bt cotton has increased yields, profits, and living standards of smallholder farmers. The U.S. GM cotton crop was 4.0 million hectares in 2011 the second largest area in the world, the Chinese GM cotton crop was third largest by area with 3.9 million hectares and Pakistan had the fourth largest GM cotton crop area of 2.6 million hectares in 2011. The initial introduction of GM cotton proved to be a success in Australia – the yields were equivalent to the non-transgenic varieties and the crop used much less pesticide to produce (85% reduction). The subsequent introduction of a second variety of GM cotton led to increases in GM cotton production until 95% of the Australian cotton crop was GM in 2009 making Australia the country with the fifth largest GM cotton crop in the world. Other GM cotton growing countries in 2011 were Argentina, Myanmar, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, South Africa and Costa Rica.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: GM

text: cotton

text: acreage

text: in

text: India

text: grew

text: at

text: a

text: rapid

text: rate

text: increasing

text: from

text: hectares

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: hectares

text: in

text: The

text: total

text: cotton

text: area

text: in

text: India

text: was

text: million

text: hectares

text: in

text: so

text: GM

text: cotton

text: was

text: grown

text: on

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: area

text: This

text: made

text: India

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: area

text: of

text: GM

text: cotton

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: A

text: long

text: term

text: study

text: on

text: the

text: economic

text: impacts

text: of

text: Bt

text: cotton

text: in

text: India

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: Journal

text: PNAS

text: in

text: showed

text: that

text: Bt

text: cotton

text: has

text: increased

text: yields

text: profits

text: and

text: living

text: standards

text: of

text: smallholder

text: farmers

text: The

text: U.S.

text: GM

text: cotton

text: crop

text: was

text: million

text: hectares

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: Chinese

text: GM

text: cotton

text: crop

text: was

text: third

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: million

text: hectares

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: had

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: GM

text: cotton

text: crop

text: area

text: of

text: million

text: hectares

text: in

text: The

text: initial

text: introduction

text: of

text: GM

text: cotton

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: success

text: in

text: Australia

text: the

text: yields

text: were

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: non

text: transgenic

text: varieties

text: and

text: the

text: crop

text: used

text: much

text: less

text: pesticide

text: to

text: produce

text: reduction

text: The

text: subsequent

text: introduction

text: of

text: a

text: second

text: variety

text: of

text: GM

text: cotton

text: led

text: to

text: increases

text: in

text: GM

text: cotton

text: production

text: until

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: cotton

text: crop

text: was

text: GM

text: in

text: making

text: Australia

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: GM

text: cotton

text: crop

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Other

text: GM

text: cotton

text: growing

text: countries

text: in

text: were

text: Argentina

text: Myanmar

text: Burkina

text: Faso

text: Brazil

text: Mexico

text: Colombia

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: Costa

text: Rica

question: How much area was planted in India in GM cotton in 2011?

answer: 10.6 million hectares

text: 10.6 million hectares

question: What was the percentage of GM cotton planted in India in 2011?

answer: 88%

question: Waht country has the largest area of GM cotton on Earth?

answer: India

text: India

question: At what rank does US GM cotton stand in the world?

answer: second largest

text: second largest

question: What percentage of Australia's cotton crop was GM in 2009?

answer: 95%


text: Alsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the second round of the French presidential elections of 2007. The president of the Regional Council is Philippe Richert, a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, elected in the 2010 regional election. The frequently changing status of the région throughout history has left its mark on modern day politics in terms of a particular interest in national identity issues. Alsace is also one of the most pro-EU regions of France. It was one of the few French regions that voted 'yes' to the European Constitution in 2005.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Alsace

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: conservative

text: régions

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: just

text: two

text: régions

text: in

text: metropolitan

text: France

text: where

text: the

text: conservative

text: right

text: won

text: the

text: région

text: elections

text: and

text: thus

text: controls

text: the

text: Alsace

text: Regional

text: Council

text: Conservative

text: leader

text: Nicolas

text: Sarkozy

text: got

text: his

text: best

text: score

text: in

text: Alsace

text: over

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: round

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: presidential

text: elections

text: of

text: The

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Regional

text: Council

text: is

text: Philippe

text: Richert

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: for

text: a

text: Popular

text: Movement

text: elected

text: in

text: the

text: regional

text: election

text: The

text: frequently

text: changing

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: région

text: throughout

text: history

text: has

text: left

text: its

text: mark

text: on

text: modern

text: day

text: politics

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: interest

text: in

text: national

text: identity

text: issues

text: Alsace

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: pro

text: EU

text: regions

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: French

text: regions

text: that

text: voted

text: yes

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Constitution

text: in

question: Which conservative leader in 2007 received the best score during the second round of elections?

answer: Nicolas Sarkozy

text: Nicolas Sarkozy

question: Who is the president of the regional counsel?

answer: Philippe Richert

text: Philippe Richert

question: Alsace was one of the few to vote for this measure from France, what was it?

answer: European Constitution in 2005

text: European Constitution in 2005


text: The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system. In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: bank

text: must

text: also

text: co

text: operate

text: within

text: the

text: EU

text: and

text: internationally

text: with

text: third

text: bodies

text: and

text: entities

text: Finally

text: it

text: contributes

text: to

text: maintaining

text: a

text: stable

text: financial

text: system

text: and

text: monitoring

text: the

text: banking

text: sector

text: The

text: latter

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: bank

text: 's

text: intervention

text: during

text: the

text: subprime

text: mortgage

text: crisis

text: when

text: it

text: loaned

text: billions

text: of

text: euros

text: to

text: banks

text: to

text: stabilise

text: the

text: financial

text: system

text: In

text: December

text: the

text: ECB

text: decided

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: System

text: under

text: a

text: programme

text: called

text: Term

text: auction

text: facility

text: to

text: improve

text: dollar

text: liquidity

text: in

text: the

text: eurozone

text: and

text: to

text: stabilise

text: the

text: money

text: market

question: What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis?

answer: loaned billions of euros to banks

text: loaned billions of euros to banks

question: Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis?

answer: to stabilise the financial system

text: to stabilise the financial system

question: Who decided, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity?

answer: Federal Reserve System

text: Federal Reserve System

question: Besides cooperating with other financial institutions, how does the ECB help to maintain stability?

answer: contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector

text: contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector

question: When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility?

answer: December 2007

text: December 2007


text: Notable athletes include swimmer Sharron Davies, diver Tom Daley, dancer Wayne Sleep, and footballer Trevor Francis. Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French. Canadian politician and legal scholar Chris Axworthy hails from Plymouth. America based actor Donald Moffat, whose roles include American Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson in the film The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Notable

text: athletes

text: include

text: swimmer

text: Sharron

text: Davies

text: diver

text: Tom

text: Daley

text: dancer

text: Wayne

text: Sleep

text: and

text: footballer

text: Trevor

text: Francis

text: Other

text: past

text: residents

text: include

text: composer

text: journalist

text: and

text: newspaper

text: editor

text: William

text: Henry

text: Wills

text: Ron

text: Goodwin

text: and

text: journalist

text: Angela

text: Rippon

text: and

text: comedian

text: Dawn

text: French

text: Canadian

text: politician

text: and

text: legal

text: scholar

text: Chris

text: Axworthy

text: hails

text: from

text: Plymouth

text: America

text: based

text: actor

text: Donald

text: Moffat

text: whose

text: roles

text: include

text: American

text: Vice

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Right

text: Stuff

text: and

text: fictional

text: President

text: Bennett

text: in

text: Clear

text: and

text: Present

text: Danger

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Plymouth

question: What is the occupation of Trevor Francis?

answer: footballer

text: footballer

question: What is the current nationality of former Plymouth resident Chris Axworthy?

answer: Canadian

text: Canadian

question: What United States vice president did Donald Moffat play?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: In what film did Donald Moffat play President Bennett?

answer: Clear and Present Danger

text: Clear and Present Danger

question: What is Dawn French's job?

answer: comedian

text: comedian


text: During the 20th century, the county became increasingly urbanised, particularly the southern part. To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southport (1905), and Warrington (1900). The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions. The borders around the Manchester area were particularly complicated, with narrow protrusions of the administrative county between the county boroughs – Lees urban district formed a detached part of the administrative county, between Oldham county borough and the West Riding of Yorkshire.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: county

text: became

text: increasingly

text: urbanised

text: particularly

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: To

text: the

text: existing

text: county

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Barrow

text: in

text: Furness

text: Blackburn

text: Bolton

text: Bootle

text: Burnley

text: Bury

text: Liverpool

text: Manchester

text: Oldham

text: Preston

text: Rochdale

text: Salford

text: St

text: Helens

text: and

text: Wigan

text: were

text: added

text: Blackpool

text: Southport

text: and

text: Warrington

text: The

text: county

text: boroughs

text: also

text: had

text: many

text: boundary

text: extensions

text: The

text: borders

text: around

text: the

text: Manchester

text: area

text: were

text: particularly

text: complicated

text: with

text: narrow

text: protrusions

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: county

text: between

text: the

text: county

text: boroughs

text: Lees

text: urban

text: district

text: formed

text: a

text: detached

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: county

text: between

text: Oldham

text: county

text: borough

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Riding

text: of

text: Yorkshire

question: When did the county become more urbanised?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: Which part in particular became urbanised in the 20th century?

answer: the southern part

text: the southern part

question: When was Warrington added to Lancashire?

answer: 1900

question: When was Southport added?

answer: 1905

question: When was Blackpool added to the county?

answer: 1904


text: The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror is the common name for a series of elevator attractions at the Disney's Hollywood Studios park in Orlando, the Disney California Adventure Park park in Anaheim, the Walt Disney Studios Park in Paris and the Tokyo DisneySea park in Tokyo. The central element of this attraction is a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system. For safety reasons, passengers are seated and secured in their seats rather than standing. Unlike most traction elevators, the elevator car and counterweight are joined using a rail system in a continuous loop running through both the top and the bottom of the drop shaft. This allows the drive motor to pull down on the elevator car from underneath, resulting in downward acceleration greater than that of normal gravity. The high-speed drive motor is used to rapidly lift the elevator as well.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: The

text: Twilight

text: Zone

text: Tower

text: of

text: Terror

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: for

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: elevator

text: attractions

text: at

text: the

text: Disney

text: 's

text: Hollywood

text: Studios

text: park

text: in

text: Orlando

text: the

text: Disney

text: California

text: Adventure

text: Park

text: park

text: in

text: Anaheim

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Studios

text: Park

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: DisneySea

text: park

text: in

text: Tokyo

text: The

text: central

text: element

text: of

text: this

text: attraction

text: is

text: a

text: simulated

text: free

text: fall

text: achieved

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: speed

text: elevator

text: system

text: For

text: safety

text: reasons

text: passengers

text: are

text: seated

text: and

text: secured

text: in

text: their

text: seats

text: rather

text: than

text: standing

text: Unlike

text: most

text: traction

text: elevators

text: the

text: elevator

text: car

text: and

text: counterweight

text: are

text: joined

text: using

text: a

text: rail

text: system

text: in

text: a

text: continuous

text: loop

text: running

text: through

text: both

text: the

text: top

text: and

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: drop

text: shaft

text: This

text: allows

text: the

text: drive

text: motor

text: to

text: pull

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: elevator

text: car

text: from

text: underneath

text: resulting

text: in

text: downward

text: acceleration

text: greater

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: normal

text: gravity

text: The

text: high

text: speed

text: drive

text: motor

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: rapidly

text: lift

text: the

text: elevator

text: as

text: well

question: What is the name of the elevator attraction at the Disney World parks across the world?

answer: The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror

text: The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror

question: What is the main feature of this attraction?

answer: a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system

text: a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system

question: Do ride goers stand or sit?

answer: passengers are seated and secured in their seats rather than standing

text: passengers are seated and secured in their seats rather than standing

question: What unique feature does this ride provide guests?

answer: downward acceleration greater than that of normal gravity

text: downward acceleration greater than that of normal gravity

question: What type of motor is used?

answer: high-speed drive motor

text: high-speed drive motor


text: The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning "horde" or "camp" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240).

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: subsequent

text: Slave

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Delhi

text: managed

text: to

text: conquer

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: northern

text: India

text: while

text: the

text: Khilji

text: dynasty

text: conquered

text: most

text: of

text: central

text: India

text: but

text: were

text: ultimately

text: unsuccessful

text: in

text: conquering

text: and

text: uniting

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: The

text: Sultanate

text: ushered

text: in

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: Indian

text: cultural

text: renaissance

text: The

text: resulting

text: Indo

text: Muslim

text: fusion

text: of

text: cultures

text: left

text: lasting

text: syncretic

text: monuments

text: in

text: architecture

text: music

text: literature

text: religion

text: and

text: clothing

text: It

text: is

text: surmised

text: that

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: Urdu

text: literally

text: meaning

text: horde

text: or

text: camp

text: in

text: various

text: Turkic

text: dialects

text: was

text: born

text: during

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Sultanate

text: period

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: intermingling

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: speakers

text: of

text: Sanskritic

text: Prakrits

text: with

text: immigrants

text: speaking

text: Persian

text: Turkic

text: and

text: Arabic

text: under

text: the

text: Muslim

text: rulers

text: The

text: Delhi

text: Sultanate

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: Indo

text: Islamic

text: empire

text: to

text: enthrone

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: female

text: rulers

text: in

text: India

text: Razia

text: Sultana

question: What conquered large areas of northern India?

answer: Slave dynasty of Delhi

text: Slave dynasty of Delhi

question: What dynasty captured most of central India?

answer: Khilji dynasty

text: Khilji dynasty

question: What language was created during the Delhi Sultanate?

answer: Urdu

text: Urdu

question: Who was the only female sultana to be enthroned in a Indo-Islamic empire?

answer: Razia Sultana

text: Razia Sultana

question: By what is the fusion of Islamic and Indian cultures called?

answer: Indo-Muslim

text: Indo-Muslim


text: One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of ancient India, but its exact date of compilation is unknown. Negative numbers were also used by the Greek mathematician Diophantus in about 275 AD, but were not widely accepted in Europe until the 16th century AD.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: 's

text: greatest

text: mathematical

text: advancements

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: use

text: of

text: negative

text: numbers

text: Negative

text: numbers

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Nine

text: Chapters

text: on

text: the

text: Mathematical

text: Art

text: as

text: black

text: counting

text: rods

text: where

text: positive

text: numbers

text: were

text: represented

text: by

text: red

text: counting

text: rods

text: Negative

text: numbers

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Bakhshali

text: manuscript

text: of

text: ancient

text: India

text: but

text: its

text: exact

text: date

text: of

text: compilation

text: is

text: unknown

text: Negative

text: numbers

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: mathematician

text: Diophantus

text: in

text: about

text: AD

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: widely

text: accepted

text: in

text: Europe

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: AD

question: In what treatise did negative numbers first appear?

answer: the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

text: the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

question: How were negative numbers first described during the Han period?

answer: as black counting rods

text: as black counting rods

question: In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe?

answer: 16th century AD

text: 16th century AD

question: What Indian manuscript also contains the useage of negative numbers?

answer: Bakhshali

text: Bakhshali

question: What were positive numbers portayed as in the treatise of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art?

answer: red counting rods

text: red counting rods


text: The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: land

text: has

text: been

text: altered

text: substantially

text: by

text: human

text: intervention

text: with

text: considerable

text: land

text: reclamation

text: along

text: the

text: waterfronts

text: since

text: Dutch

text: colonial

text: times

text: reclamation

text: is

text: most

text: prominent

text: in

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: with

text: developments

text: such

text: as

text: Battery

text: Park

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: relief

text: in

text: topography

text: has

text: been

text: evened

text: out

text: especially

text: in

text: Manhattan

question: What Manhattan development is the product of land reclamation?

answer: Battery Park City

text: Battery Park City


text: After the death of Lysimachus, one of his officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city of Pergamum in 282 BC along with Lysimachus' war chest of 9,000 talents and declared himself loyal to Seleucus I while remaining de facto independent. His descendant, Attalus I, defeated the invading Galatians and proclaimed himself an independent king. Attalus I (241–197BC), was a staunch ally of Rome against Philip V of Macedon during the first and second Macedonian Wars. For his support against the Seleucids in 190 BCE, Eumenes II was rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. Eumenes II turned Pergamon into a centre of culture and science by establishing the library of Pergamum which was said to be second only to the library of Alexandria with 200,000 volumes according to Plutarch. It included a reading room and a collection of paintings. Eumenes II also constructed the Pergamum Altar with friezes depicting the Gigantomachy on the acropolis of the city. Pergamum was also a center of parchment (charta pergamena) production. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Lysimachus

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: officers

text: Philetaerus

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Pergamum

text: in

text: BC

text: along

text: with

text: Lysimachus

text: war

text: chest

text: of

text: talents

text: and

text: declared

text: himself

text: loyal

text: to

text: Seleucus

text: I

text: while

text: remaining

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: His

text: descendant

text: Attalus

text: I

text: defeated

text: the

text: invading

text: Galatians

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: himself

text: an

text: independent

text: king

text: Attalus

text: I

text: was

text: a

text: staunch

text: ally

text: of

text: Rome

text: against

text: Philip

text: V

text: of

text: Macedon

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: Macedonian

text: Wars

text: For

text: his

text: support

text: against

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: in

text: BCE

text: Eumenes

text: II

text: was

text: rewarded

text: with

text: all

text: the

text: former

text: Seleucid

text: domains

text: in

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: Eumenes

text: II

text: turned

text: Pergamon

text: into

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: culture

text: and

text: science

text: by

text: establishing

text: the

text: library

text: of

text: Pergamum

text: which

text: was

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: library

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: with

text: volumes

text: according

text: to

text: Plutarch

text: It

text: included

text: a

text: reading

text: room

text: and

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: paintings

text: Eumenes

text: II

text: also

text: constructed

text: the

text: Pergamum

text: Altar

text: with

text: friezes

text: depicting

text: the

text: Gigantomachy

text: on

text: the

text: acropolis

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Pergamum

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: parchment

text: charta

text: pergamena

text: production

text: The

text: Attalids

text: ruled

text: Pergamon

text: until

text: Attalus

text: III

text: bequeathed

text: the

text: kingdom

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: in

text: BC

text: to

text: avoid

text: a

text: likely

text: succession

text: crisis

question: Which officer took control of Pergamum in 282 BC?

answer: Philetaerus

text: Philetaerus

question: Who did Philetaerus declare himself loyal to?

answer: Seleucus I

text: Seleucus I

question: Attalus I was a strong ally of Rome and which ruler?

answer: Philip V of Macedon

text: Philip V of Macedon

question: Where was the library of Pergamum located?

answer: Pergamon

text: Pergamon

question: What depicts the Gigantomachy on the acropolis of the city?

answer: Pergamum Altar

text: Pergamum Altar


text: Buddhism is practiced by an estimated 488 million,[web 1] 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: practiced

text: by

text: an

text: estimated

text: million,[web

text: million

text: or

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: representing

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: total

text: population

question: What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 to 535 million people?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism


text: However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bifacial culture. Reliable historical records begin much later; there are none in Sumer of any kind that have been dated before Enmebaragesi (c. 26th century BC). Professor Juris Zarins believes the Sumerians were settled along the coast of Eastern Arabia, today's Persian Gulf region, before it flooded at the end of the Ice Age.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: However

text: some

text: scholars

text: contest

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: Proto

text: Euphratean

text: language

text: or

text: one

text: substrate

text: language

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: suggested

text: by

text: them

text: and

text: others

text: that

text: the

text: Sumerian

text: language

text: was

text: originally

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: hunter

text: and

text: fisher

text: peoples

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: marshland

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Arabia

text: littoral

text: region

text: and

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: bifacial

text: culture

text: Reliable

text: historical

text: records

text: begin

text: much

text: later

text: there

text: are

text: in

text: Sumer

text: of

text: any

text: kind

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: dated

text: before

text: Enmebaragesi

text: c.

text: century

text: BC

text: Professor

text: Juris

text: Zarins

text: believes

text: the

text: Sumerians

text: were

text: settled

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Arabia

text: today

text: 's

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: region

text: before

text: it

text: flooded

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Ice

text: Age

question: Some scholars contest that there was only one what?

answer: substrate language

text: substrate language

question: Who do some scholars think the Sumerian language originally belonged to?

answer: hunter and fisher peoples

text: hunter and fisher peoples

question: Where did the original Sumerians live?

answer: marshland

text: marshland

question: What culture did the peoples who would be called Sumerian have a part in?

answer: Arabian bifacial

text: Arabian bifacial

question: When were the earliest historical records of Sumer?

answer: 26th century BC

text: 26th century BC


text: Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics. It is first activated by a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB'. When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration). The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches, usually located at the highest (to access the top of the car) and lowest (to access the elevator pit) landings. The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open. This speed can range from anywhere up to 60% of normal operating speed on most controllers, and is usually defined by local safety codes.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Inspection

text: service

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: provide

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: hoistway

text: and

text: car

text: top

text: for

text: inspection

text: and

text: maintenance

text: purposes

text: by

text: qualified

text: elevator

text: mechanics

text: It

text: is

text: first

text: activated

text: by

text: a

text: key

text: switch

text: on

text: the

text: car

text: operating

text: panel

text: usually

text: labeled

text: Inspection

text: Car

text: Top

text: Access

text: Enable

text: or

text: HWENAB

text: When

text: this

text: switch

text: is

text: activated

text: the

text: elevator

text: will

text: come

text: to

text: a

text: stop

text: if

text: moving

text: car

text: calls

text: will

text: be

text: canceled

text: and

text: the

text: buttons

text: disabled

text: and

text: hall

text: calls

text: will

text: be

text: assigned

text: to

text: other

text: elevator

text: cars

text: in

text: the

text: group

text: or

text: canceled

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: elevator

text: configuration

text: The

text: elevator

text: can

text: now

text: only

text: be

text: moved

text: by

text: the

text: corresponding

text: Access

text: key

text: switches

text: usually

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: highest

text: to

text: access

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: car

text: and

text: lowest

text: to

text: access

text: the

text: elevator

text: pit

text: landings

text: The

text: access

text: key

text: switches

text: will

text: allow

text: the

text: car

text: to

text: move

text: at

text: reduced

text: inspection

text: speed

text: with

text: the

text: hoistway

text: door

text: open

text: This

text: speed

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: anywhere

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: normal

text: operating

text: speed

text: on

text: most

text: controllers

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: by

text: local

text: safety

text: codes

question: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?

answer: qualified elevator mechanics

text: qualified elevator mechanics

question: What is the purpose of the Inspection service?

answer: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance

text: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance

question: What action initiates it's activation?

answer: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB

text: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB

question: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?

answer: the elevator will come to a stop if moving

text: the elevator will come to a stop if moving

question: Once activatated, what is the only way to deactivate it?

answer: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches

text: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches


text: Audio data compression, not to be confused with dynamic range compression, has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data. Audio compression algorithms are implemented in software as audio codecs. Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity and are used in numerous audio applications. These algorithms almost all rely on psychoacoustics to eliminate less audible or meaningful sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Audio

text: data

text: compression

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: dynamic

text: range

text: compression

text: has

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: transmission

text: bandwidth

text: and

text: storage

text: requirements

text: of

text: audio

text: data

text: Audio

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: are

text: implemented

text: in

text: software

text: as

text: audio

text: codecs

text: Lossy

text: audio

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: provide

text: higher

text: compression

text: at

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: fidelity

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: numerous

text: audio

text: applications

text: These

text: algorithms

text: almost

text: all

text: rely

text: on

text: psychoacoustics

text: to

text: eliminate

text: less

text: audible

text: or

text: meaningful

text: sounds

text: thereby

text: reducing

text: the

text: space

text: required

text: to

text: store

text: or

text: transmit

text: them

question: What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data?

answer: Audio data compression

text: Audio data compression

question: What is inserted in software as audio codecs?

answer: Audio compression algorithms

text: Audio compression algorithms

question: What compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity?

answer: Lossy

text: Lossy


text: Some non-standard USB devices use the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface. These are usually called USB decorations.[citation needed] Examples include USB-powered keyboard lights, fans, mug coolers and heaters, battery chargers, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamps. In most cases, these items contain no digital circuitry, and thus are not standard compliant USB devices. This may cause problems with some computers, such as drawing too much current and damaging circuitry. Prior to the Battery Charging Specification, the USB specification required that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host, which then permits the device to switch into high-power mode.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Some

text: non

text: standard

text: USB

text: devices

text: use

text: the

text: V

text: power

text: supply

text: without

text: participating

text: in

text: a

text: proper

text: USB

text: network

text: which

text: negotiates

text: power

text: draw

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: interface

text: These

text: are

text: usually

text: called

text: USB

text: decorations.[citation

text: needed

text: Examples

text: include

text: USB

text: powered

text: keyboard

text: lights

text: fans

text: mug

text: coolers

text: and

text: heaters

text: battery

text: chargers

text: miniature

text: vacuum

text: cleaners

text: and

text: even

text: miniature

text: lava

text: lamps

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: these

text: items

text: contain

text: no

text: digital

text: circuitry

text: and

text: thus

text: are

text: not

text: standard

text: compliant

text: USB

text: devices

text: This

text: may

text: cause

text: problems

text: with

text: some

text: computers

text: such

text: as

text: drawing

text: too

text: much

text: current

text: and

text: damaging

text: circuitry

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Battery

text: Charging

text: Specification

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: required

text: that

text: devices

text: connect

text: in

text: a

text: low

text: power

text: mode

text: mA

text: maximum

text: and

text: communicate

text: their

text: current

text: requirements

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: which

text: then

text: permits

text: the

text: device

text: to

text: switch

text: into

text: high

text: power

text: mode

question: What do some non-standard USB devices use?

answer: the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network

text: the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network

question: What Negotiates power draw with the host interface?

answer: the 5 V power supply

text: the 5 V power supply

question: What does the USB specification require prior to the Battery Charging Specification?

answer: that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host

text: that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host


text: The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: community

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: several

text: shiploads

text: of

text: settlers

text: from

text: Bermuda

text: which

text: lies

text: due

text: east

text: of

text: South

text: Carolina

text: although

text: at

text: km

text: or

text: mi

text: it

text: is

text: closest

text: to

text: Cape

text: Hatteras

text: North

text: Carolina

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: governor

text: William

text: Sayle

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Ashley

text: River

text: a

text: few

text: miles

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: city

text: center

text: It

text: was

text: soon

text: predicted

text: by

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Shaftesbury

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Lords

text: Proprietors

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: great

text: port

text: towne

text: a

text: destiny

text: the

text: city

text: quickly

text: fulfilled

text: In

text: the

text: settlement

text: was

text: moved

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Ashley

text: River

text: to

text: the

text: peninsula

text: between

text: the

text: Ashley

text: and

text: Cooper

text: Rivers

text: Not

text: only

text: was

text: this

text: location

text: more

text: defensible

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: offered

text: access

text: to

text: a

text: fine

text: natural

text: harbor

question: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?

answer: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

question: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?

answer: Cape Hatteras

text: Cape Hatteras

question: Who was the first governor of Charleston?

answer: William Sayle

text: William Sayle

question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?

answer: Earl of Shaftesbury

text: Earl of Shaftesbury

question: The settlement was relocated east to what river?

answer: Ashley River

text: Ashley River


text: The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from 15–23 December 1981. The games were played in Mogadishu, and the Somali national team received the bronze prize. Abdi Bile won the 1500 m event at the World Championships in 1987, running the fastest final 800 m of any 1,500 meter race in history. He was a two-time Olympian (1984 and 1996) and dominated the event in the late 1980s. Hussein Ahmed Salah, a Somalia-born former long-distance runner from Djibouti, won a bronze medal in the marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships, as well as the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup. Mo Farah is a double Olympic gold medal winner and world champion, and holds the European track record for 10,000 metres, the British road record for 10,000 metres, the British indoor record in the 3000 metres, the British track record for 5000 metres and the European indoor record for 5000 metres. Mohammed Ahmed (athlete) is a Canadian long-distance runner who represented Canada in the 10,000 meter races at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2013 World Championships in Athletics.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: FIBA

text: Africa

text: Championship

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: Somalia

text: from

text: December

text: The

text: games

text: were

text: played

text: in

text: Mogadishu

text: and

text: the

text: Somali

text: national

text: team

text: received

text: the

text: bronze

text: prize

text: Abdi

text: Bile

text: won

text: the

text: m

text: event

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: in

text: running

text: the

text: fastest

text: final

text: m

text: of

text: any

text: meter

text: race

text: in

text: history

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: two

text: time

text: Olympian

text: and

text: and

text: dominated

text: the

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Hussein

text: Ahmed

text: Salah

text: a

text: Somalia

text: born

text: former

text: long

text: distance

text: runner

text: from

text: Djibouti

text: won

text: a

text: bronze

text: medal

text: in

text: the

text: marathon

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: He

text: also

text: won

text: silver

text: medals

text: in

text: this

text: event

text: at

text: the

text: and

text: World

text: Championships

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: IAAF

text: World

text: Marathon

text: Cup

text: Mo

text: Farah

text: is

text: a

text: double

text: Olympic

text: gold

text: medal

text: winner

text: and

text: world

text: champion

text: and

text: holds

text: the

text: European

text: track

text: record

text: for

text: metres

text: the

text: British

text: road

text: record

text: for

text: metres

text: the

text: British

text: indoor

text: record

text: in

text: the

text: metres

text: the

text: British

text: track

text: record

text: for

text: metres

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: indoor

text: record

text: for

text: metres

text: Mohammed

text: Ahmed

text: athlete

text: is

text: a

text: Canadian

text: long

text: distance

text: runner

text: who

text: represented

text: Canada

text: in

text: the

text: meter

text: races

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: in

text: Athletics

question: When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?

answer: 15–23 December 1981

text: 15–23 December 1981

question: Who hosted the 1981 FIBA African Championship?

answer: Somalia

text: Somalia

question: In what city did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?

answer: Mogadishu

text: Mogadishu

question: For what nation did Hussein Ahmed Salah compete?

answer: Djibouti

text: Djibouti

question: Who did Mohammed Ahmed compete for in the Olympics?

answer: Canada

text: Canada