text: In contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European "federalism" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has increased, some people have perceived a much more unitary state than they believe the Founding Fathers intended. Most people politically advocating "federalism" in the United States argue in favor of limiting the powers of the federal government, especially the judiciary (see Federalist Society, New Federalism).

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: In

text: contrast

text: Europe

text: has

text: a

text: greater

text: history

text: of

text: unitary

text: states

text: than

text: North

text: America

text: thus

text: European

text: federalism

text: argues

text: for

text: a

text: weaker

text: central

text: government

text: relative

text: to

text: a

text: unitary

text: state

text: The

text: modern

text: American

text: usage

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: is

text: much

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: sense

text: As

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: government

text: has

text: increased

text: some

text: people

text: have

text: perceived

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: unitary

text: state

text: than

text: they

text: believe

text: the

text: Founding

text: Fathers

text: intended

text: Most

text: people

text: politically

text: advocating

text: federalism

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: argue

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: limiting

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: especially

text: the

text: judiciary

text: see

text: Federalist

text: Society

text: New

text: Federalism

question: Who has a greater history of unitary states?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What does federalism mean in Europe?

answer: weaker central government, relative to a unitary state

text: weaker central government, relative to a unitary state

question: What branch does the United States want to limit under the federalist model?

answer: judiciary

text: judiciary


text: During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.[dn 4]

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: in

text: particular

text: at

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: under

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Suleiman

text: the

text: Magnificent

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: a

text: multinational

text: multilingual

text: empire

text: controlling

text: much

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Western

text: Asia

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: empire

text: contained

text: provinces

text: and

text: numerous

text: vassal

text: states

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: later

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: while

text: others

text: were

text: granted

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: autonomy

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: centuries.[dn

question: Under the reign of who did the Ottoman empire control much of Southeastern Europe?

answer: Suleiman the Magnificent

text: Suleiman the Magnificent

question: During what centuries was the Ottoman empire in control of much of Southeast Europe?

answer: 16th and 17th centuries

text: 16th and 17th centuries

question: How many provinces did the Ottoman empire control at the start of the 17th century?

answer: 32 provinces

text: 32 provinces

question: Along with provinces what type of states did the Ottoman empire have control over?

answer: vassal states

text: vassal states

question: What regions of Africa were under control of the Ottoman empire?

answer: North Africa, and the Horn of Africa

text: North Africa, and the Horn of Africa


text: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting is advised on environmental and conservation issues in Antarctica by the Committee for Environmental Protection. A major concern within this committee is the risk to Antarctica from unintentional introduction of non-native species from outside the region.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: Protocol

text: on

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: to

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Environmental

text: Protocol

text: or

text: Madrid

text: Protocol

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: instrument

text: concerned

text: with

text: conservation

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: biodiversity

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Consultative

text: Meeting

text: is

text: advised

text: on

text: environmental

text: and

text: conservation

text: issues

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: by

text: the

text: Committee

text: for

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: A

text: major

text: concern

text: within

text: this

text: committee

text: is

text: the

text: risk

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: from

text: unintentional

text: introduction

text: of

text: non

text: native

text: species

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: region

question: When did the Environmental Protocol become effective?

answer: 1998

question: What is the main concern of the Protocol?

answer: conservation

text: conservation

question: What is seen as a major risk to Antarctica?

answer: non-native species

text: non-native species

question: What group advises the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting?

answer: Committee for Environmental Protection

text: Committee for Environmental Protection

question: Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage?

answer: biodiversity

text: biodiversity


text: Gorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, the Communist Party leader had appealed over the heads of Central Committee members for the people's support in exchange for expansion of liberties. The tactic proved successful: Within two years political reform could no longer be sidetracked by Party "conservatives." An unintended consequence was that having saved reform, Gorbachev's move ultimately killed the very system it was designed to save.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Gorbachev

text: also

text: radically

text: expanded

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: Glasnost

text: stating

text: that

text: no

text: subject

text: was

text: off

text: limits

text: for

text: open

text: discussion

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: Even

text: so

text: the

text: cautious

text: Soviet

text: intelligentsia

text: took

text: almost

text: a

text: year

text: to

text: begin

text: pushing

text: the

text: boundaries

text: to

text: see

text: if

text: he

text: meant

text: what

text: he

text: said

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: leader

text: had

text: appealed

text: over

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: Central

text: Committee

text: members

text: for

text: the

text: people

text: 's

text: support

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: expansion

text: of

text: liberties

text: The

text: tactic

text: proved

text: successful

text: Within

text: two

text: years

text: political

text: reform

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: sidetracked

text: by

text: Party

text: conservatives

text: An

text: unintended

text: consequence

text: was

text: that

text: having

text: saved

text: reform

text: Gorbachev

text: 's

text: move

text: ultimately

text: killed

text: the

text: very

text: system

text: it

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: save

question: Whose support did Gorbachev seek in order to increase liberties?

answer: the people's

text: the people's

question: What party was Gorbachev in charge of?

answer: Communist

text: Communist

question: What group wanted to stop reforms?

answer: "conservatives."

text: "conservatives."


text: The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has 150 congregations and 17 000–20 000 members. It was a mission of the Free Presbyterian church of Scotland. The Restored Reformed Church works with RPCM. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Malawi is an existing small church. Part of the Presbyterian Church in Malawi and Zambia is known as CCAP, Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian. Often the churches there have one main congregation and a number of Prayer Houses develop. education, health ministries as well as worship and spiritual development are important.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: The

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Malawi

text: has

text: congregations

text: and

text: members

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: mission

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: Presbyterian

text: church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The

text: Restored

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: works

text: with

text: RPCM

text: Evangelical

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Malawi

text: is

text: an

text: existing

text: small

text: church

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Malawi

text: and

text: Zambia

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: CCAP

text: Church

text: of

text: Central

text: Africa

text: Presbyterian

text: Often

text: the

text: churches

text: there

text: have

text: one

text: main

text: congregation

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Prayer

text: Houses

text: develop

text: education

text: health

text: ministries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: worship

text: and

text: spiritual

text: development

text: are

text: important

question: The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has a range of members between what amounts?

answer: 17 000–20 000 members

text: 17 000–20 000 members

question: Which church is affiliated with the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Malawi?

answer: Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian

text: Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian

question: The Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian often offers what services?

answer: education, health ministries as well as worship

text: education, health ministries as well as worship


text: The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order.

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: The

text: Most

text: Excellent

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: is

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: chivalry

text: of

text: British

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: rewarding

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: work

text: with

text: charitable

text: and

text: welfare

text: organisations

text: and

text: public

text: service

text: outside

text: the

text: Civil

text: Service

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: King

text: George

text: V

text: and

text: comprises

text: five

text: classes

text: in

text: civil

text: and

text: military

text: divisions

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: make

text: the

text: recipient

text: either

text: a

text: knight

text: if

text: male

text: or

text: dame

text: if

text: female

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: related

text: British

text: Empire

text: Medal

text: whose

text: recipients

text: are

text: affiliated

text: with

text: but

text: not

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: order

question: Who was the most excellent Order of the British Empire?

answer: order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy

text: order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy

question: When was the order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy established?

answer: 4 June 1917

text: 4 June 1917

question: Who rewarded contributions to the arts and sciences?

answer: "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy

text: "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy

question: Who established the chivalry of british constiutional monarchy?

answer: King George V

text: King George V

question: Who is the recipient?

answer: knight if male, or dame if female

text: knight if male, or dame if female


text: Another common application is the control of the throttle of an internal combustion engine in conjunction with an electronic governor. In this usage, the motor works against a return spring to move the throttle in accordance with the output of the governor. The latter monitors engine speed by counting electrical pulses from the ignition system or from a magnetic pickup and, depending on the speed, makes small adjustments to the amount of current applied to the motor. If the engine starts to slow down relative to the desired speed, the current will be increased, the motor will develop more torque, pulling against the return spring and opening the throttle. Should the engine run too fast, the governor will reduce the current being applied to the motor, causing the return spring to pull back and close the throttle.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Another

text: common

text: application

text: is

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: throttle

text: of

text: an

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: an

text: electronic

text: governor

text: In

text: this

text: usage

text: the

text: motor

text: works

text: against

text: a

text: return

text: spring

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: throttle

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: governor

text: The

text: latter

text: monitors

text: engine

text: speed

text: by

text: counting

text: electrical

text: pulses

text: from

text: the

text: ignition

text: system

text: or

text: from

text: a

text: magnetic

text: pickup

text: and

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: speed

text: makes

text: small

text: adjustments

text: to

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: current

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: motor

text: If

text: the

text: engine

text: starts

text: to

text: slow

text: down

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: desired

text: speed

text: the

text: current

text: will

text: be

text: increased

text: the

text: motor

text: will

text: develop

text: more

text: torque

text: pulling

text: against

text: the

text: return

text: spring

text: and

text: opening

text: the

text: throttle

text: Should

text: the

text: engine

text: run

text: too

text: fast

text: the

text: governor

text: will

text: reduce

text: the

text: current

text: being

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: motor

text: causing

text: the

text: return

text: spring

text: to

text: pull

text: back

text: and

text: close

text: the

text: throttle

question: What element of a combustion engine does a governor monitor?

answer: electrical pulses

text: electrical pulses

question: What is a governor connected to?

answer: return spring

text: return spring

question: What kinds of adjustments would a governor make?

answer: small

text: small

question: What would a governor do to a too-fast running engine?

answer: reduce the current being applied to the motor

text: reduce the current being applied to the motor


text: The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure, and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance. The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe. The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times. Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peoples this privilege. Jews were required to pay a poll tax until the reign of Emperor Julian in 363. In the late Roman Empire, Jews were free to form networks of cultural and religious ties and enter into various local occupations. But, after Christianity became the official religion of Rome and Constantinople in 380, Jews were increasingly marginalized.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: Ashkenazim

text: are

text: obscure

text: and

text: many

text: theories

text: have

text: arisen

text: speculating

text: about

text: their

text: ultimate

text: provenance

text: The

text: most

text: well

text: supported

text: theory

text: is

text: the

text: one

text: that

text: details

text: a

text: Jewish

text: migration

text: through

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Italy

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: southern

text: Europe

text: The

text: historical

text: record

text: attests

text: to

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: in

text: southern

text: Europe

text: since

text: pre

text: Christian

text: times

text: Many

text: Jews

text: were

text: denied

text: full

text: Roman

text: citizenship

text: until

text: CE

text: when

text: Emperor

text: Caracalla

text: granted

text: all

text: free

text: peoples

text: this

text: privilege

text: Jews

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: pay

text: a

text: poll

text: tax

text: until

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Julian

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Jews

text: were

text: free

text: to

text: form

text: networks

text: of

text: cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: ties

text: and

text: enter

text: into

text: various

text: local

text: occupations

text: But

text: after

text: Christianity

text: became

text: the

text: official

text: religion

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: Jews

text: were

text: increasingly

text: marginalized

question: The most well supported theory on the origins of the Ashkenazim is one that details a Jewish migration through which modern day country?

answer: through what is now Italy

text: through what is now Italy

question: The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since what time?

answer: pre-Christian times

text: pre-Christian times

question: Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until what year?

answer: 212 CE

text: 212 CE

question: Who gave Jews the right to full Roman citizenship?

answer: Emperor Caracalla

text: Emperor Caracalla


text: Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980, encouraging a combination of educational excellence and religious faith at the university. He believed that one of the school's greatest strengths was its religious nature and that this should be taken advantage of rather than hidden. During his administration, the university added a campus in Jerusalem, now called the BYU Jerusalem Center. In 1989, Holland was replaced by Rex E. Lee. Lee was responsible for the Benson Science Building and the Museum of Art on campus. A cancer victim, Lee is memorialized annually at BYU during a cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run. Shortly before his death, Lee was replaced in 1995 by Merrill J. Bateman.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: Dallin

text: H.

text: Oaks

text: replaced

text: Wilkinson

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: Oaks

text: continued

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: his

text: predecessor

text: adding

text: a

text: law

text: school

text: and

text: proposing

text: plans

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: During

text: his

text: administration

text: a

text: new

text: library

text: was

text: also

text: added

text: doubling

text: the

text: library

text: space

text: on

text: campus

text: Jeffrey

text: R.

text: Holland

text: followed

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: encouraging

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: educational

text: excellence

text: and

text: religious

text: faith

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: He

text: believed

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: greatest

text: strengths

text: was

text: its

text: religious

text: nature

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: should

text: be

text: taken

text: advantage

text: of

text: rather

text: than

text: hidden

text: During

text: his

text: administration

text: the

text: university

text: added

text: a

text: campus

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: BYU

text: Jerusalem

text: Center

text: In

text: Holland

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Rex

text: E.

text: Lee

text: Lee

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: Benson

text: Science

text: Building

text: and

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: on

text: campus

text: A

text: cancer

text: victim

text: Lee

text: is

text: memorialized

text: annually

text: at

text: BYU

text: during

text: a

text: cancer

text: fundraiser

text: called

text: the

text: Rex

text: Lee

text: Run

text: Shortly

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: Lee

text: was

text: replaced

text: in

text: by

text: Merrill

text: J.

text: Bateman

question: Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.?

answer: Jeffrey R. Holland

text: Jeffrey R. Holland

question: Which BYU president suffered from a terminal illness?

answer: Rex E. Lee

text: Rex E. Lee

question: Who succeeded Rex E. Lee?

answer: Merrill J. Bateman

text: Merrill J. Bateman

question: Who is responsible for the university's expansion into law and management schools?

answer: Dallin H. Oaks

text: Dallin H. Oaks

question: What did Jeffrey R. Holland believe to be BYU's strongest asset?

answer: its religious nature

text: its religious nature

question: Which new BYU school was added under Pres. Dallin H. Oaks in 1971?

answer: law

text: law

question: In which foreign country did Jeffrey R. Holland open a BYU campus during his presidency?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem

question: What annual event at BYU is carried out in memory of former president Rex E. Lee, who built the Museum of Art on campus?

answer: cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run

text: cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run

question: What was believed to be one of the schools greatest strengths by Pres. Jeffrey R. Holland?

answer: its religious nature

text: its religious nature

question: What is the name of the BYU campus in Jerusulem?

answer: BYU Jerusalem Center

text: BYU Jerusalem Center


text: At the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service as non-professional soldiers. The year of training was served in one of three branches of the armed forces: infantry, cavalry or navy. The year of active service was served either on the frontier, in a king's court or under the Minister of the Guards in the capital. A small professional (paid) standing army was stationed near the capital.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: every

text: male

text: commoner

text: aged

text: twenty

text: three

text: was

text: liable

text: for

text: conscription

text: into

text: the

text: military

text: The

text: minimum

text: age

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: draft

text: was

text: reduced

text: to

text: twenty

text: after

text: Emperor

text: Zhao

text: 's

text: r.

text: BC

text: reign

text: Conscripted

text: soldiers

text: underwent

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: training

text: and

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: service

text: as

text: non

text: professional

text: soldiers

text: The

text: year

text: of

text: training

text: was

text: served

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: infantry

text: cavalry

text: or

text: navy

text: The

text: year

text: of

text: active

text: service

text: was

text: served

text: either

text: on

text: the

text: frontier

text: in

text: a

text: king

text: 's

text: court

text: or

text: under

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Guards

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: A

text: small

text: professional

text: paid

text: standing

text: army

text: was

text: stationed

text: near

text: the

text: capital

question: What gender was expected to be conscripted into the military?

answer: male

text: male

question: At what age could a male common expect to be conscripted into the military?

answer: twenty-three

text: twenty-three

question: How long could a conscripted soldier expect to be in training for?

answer: one year

text: one year

question: What was the lowest age a soldier could be conscripted after the end of Emperor Zhao's tenure?

answer: twenty

text: twenty

question: Which Minister could a conscripted soldier expect to serve under during his year of service?

answer: Minister of the Guards

text: Minister of the Guards


text: Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct while the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Before

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: brown

text: tree

text: snake

text: Guam

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: endemic

text: bird

text: species

text: Among

text: them

text: were

text: the

text: Guam

text: rail

text: or

text: ko'ko

text: bird

text: in

text: Chamorro

text: and

text: the

text: Guam

text: flycatcher

text: both

text: common

text: throughout

text: the

text: island

text: Today

text: the

text: flycatcher

text: is

text: entirely

text: extinct

text: while

text: the

text: Guam

text: rail

text: is

text: extinct

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: but

text: bred

text: in

text: captivity

text: by

text: the

text: Division

text: of

text: Aquatic

text: and

text: Wildlife

text: Resources

text: The

text: devastation

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: snake

text: has

text: been

text: significant

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: several

text: decades

text: As

text: many

text: as

text: twelve

text: bird

text: species

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: driven

text: to

text: extinction

text: According

text: to

text: many

text: elders

text: ko'ko

text: birds

text: were

text: common

text: in

text: Guam

text: before

text: World

text: War

text: II

question: What are the names of the two native birds in Guam before the brown snake intrusion?

answer: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher

text: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher

question: How many bird species have been driven to extinction in Guam?

answer: twelve bird species

text: twelve bird species

question: What other bird was very common before WWII according to the elders?

answer: ko'ko' birds

text: ko'ko' birds


text: The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng) although the geographical term Xīzàng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region. The term Xīzàng was coined during the Qing dynasty in the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (1796–1820) through the addition of a prefix meaning "west" (西 xī) to Zang.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: modern

text: Standard

text: Chinese

text: exonym

text: for

text: the

text: ethnic

text: Tibetan

text: region

text: is

text: Zangqu

text: Chinese

text: 藏区

text: pinyin

text: Zàngqū

text: which

text: derives

text: by

text: metonymy

text: from

text: the

text: Tsang

text: region

text: around

text: Shigatse

text: plus

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: Chinese

text: suffix

text: 区

text: qū

text: which

text: means

text: area

text: district

text: region

text: ward

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: regardless

text: of

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: from

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Zang

text: Chinese

text: 藏

text: pinyin

text: Zàng

text: although

text: the

text: geographical

text: term

text: Xīzàng

text: is

text: often

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: The

text: term

text: Xīzàng

text: was

text: coined

text: during

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Jiaqing

text: Emperor

text: through

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: prefix

text: meaning

text: west

text: 西

text: xī

text: to

text: Zang

question: How is the ethnic Tibetan region referred to as a modern Standard Chinese exonym?

answer: Zangqu

text: Zangqu

question: How do the Chinese refer to Tibetan people, language, and culture?

answer: Zang

text: Zang

question: During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used?

answer: Qing

text: Qing

question: Which Chinese suffix means "area, district, region, ward"?

answer: qū

text: qū


text: His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral. Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: His

text: relationship

text: with

text: Palestinian

text: leader

text: Yasser

text: Arafat

text: of

text: Fatah

text: was

text: strained

text: with

text: Gaddafi

text: considering

text: him

text: too

text: moderate

text: and

text: calling

text: for

text: more

text: violent

text: action

text: Instead

text: he

text: supported

text: militia

text: like

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: for

text: the

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Palestine

text: Popular

text: Front

text: for

text: the

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Palestine

text: General

text: Command

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Front

text: for

text: the

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Palestine

text: As

text: Sa'iqa

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Popular

text: Struggle

text: Front

text: and

text: the

text: Abu

text: Nidal

text: Organization

text: He

text: funded

text: the

text: Black

text: September

text: Organization

text: who

text: perpetrated

text: the

text: Munich

text: massacre

text: of

text: Israeli

text: athletes

text: in

text: West

text: Germany

text: and

text: had

text: the

text: killed

text: militants

text: bodies

text: flown

text: to

text: Libya

text: for

text: a

text: hero

text: 's

text: funeral

text: Gaddafi

text: also

text: welcomed

text: the

text: three

text: surviving

text: attackers

text: in

text: Tripoli

text: following

text: their

text: release

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: the

text: hostages

text: of

text: hijacked

text: Lufthansa

text: Flight

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

text: later

text: and

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: go

text: into

text: hiding

question: What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi?

answer: Yasser Arafat

text: Yasser Arafat

question: What organization did Arafat belong to?

answer: Fatah

text: Fatah

question: Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972?

answer: Black September Organization

text: Black September Organization

question: In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?

answer: Munich

text: Munich

question: How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?

answer: three

text: three


text: Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub. The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region. The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: rail

text: highway

text: and

text: air

text: transport

text: hub

text: The

text: Syndicat

text: des

text: transports

text: d'Île

text: de

text: France

text: STIF

text: formerly

text: Syndicat

text: des

text: transports

text: parisiens

text: STP

text: oversees

text: the

text: transit

text: network

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: syndicate

text: coordinates

text: public

text: transport

text: and

text: contracts

text: it

text: out

text: to

text: the

text: RATP

text: operating

text: bus

text: lines

text: the

text: Métro

text: eight

text: tramway

text: lines

text: and

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: RER

text: the

text: SNCF

text: operating

text: suburban

text: rails

text: one

text: tramway

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: RER

text: and

text: the

text: Optile

text: consortium

text: of

text: private

text: operators

text: managing

text: bus

text: lines

question: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?

answer: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France

text: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France

question: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?

answer: 347

question: What was the STIF formerly known as?

answer: Syndicat des transports parisiens

text: Syndicat des transports parisiens

question: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?

answer: 1,176


text: Modern evolutionary theory continues to develop. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, with its tree-like model of branching common descent, has become the unifying theory of the life sciences. The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. It makes sense of the geologic record, biogeography, parallels in embryonic development, biological homologies, vestigiality, cladistics, phylogenetics and other fields, with unrivalled explanatory power; it has also become essential to applied sciences such as medicine and agriculture. Despite the scientific consensus, a religion-based political controversy has developed over how evolution is taught in schools, especially in the United States.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Modern

text: evolutionary

text: theory

text: continues

text: to

text: develop

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: by

text: natural

text: selection

text: with

text: its

text: tree

text: like

text: model

text: of

text: branching

text: common

text: descent

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: unifying

text: theory

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: sciences

text: The

text: theory

text: explains

text: the

text: diversity

text: of

text: living

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: adaptation

text: to

text: the

text: environment

text: It

text: makes

text: sense

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: record

text: biogeography

text: parallels

text: in

text: embryonic

text: development

text: biological

text: homologies

text: vestigiality

text: cladistics

text: phylogenetics

text: and

text: other

text: fields

text: with

text: unrivalled

text: explanatory

text: power

text: it

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: essential

text: to

text: applied

text: sciences

text: such

text: as

text: medicine

text: and

text: agriculture

text: Despite

text: the

text: scientific

text: consensus

text: a

text: religion

text: based

text: political

text: controversy

text: has

text: developed

text: over

text: how

text: evolution

text: is

text: taught

text: in

text: schools

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What branching common descent theory has become the most unifying one of the life sciences?

answer: Darwin's theory of evolution

text: Darwin's theory of evolution

question: What does the theory of evolution explain about living organisms?

answer: The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment.

text: The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment.

question: In what fields has Darwin's theory of evolution become particularly essential?

answer: medicine and agriculture

text: medicine and agriculture

question: What kind of controversy has begun within school systems about Darwin's theory?

answer: a religion-based political controversy

text: a religion-based political controversy


text: There is a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. With approximately 12,000 sport hunters applying for hunting licences in recent years (in a very small country of about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants), there is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As such hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. Added to that, there is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies) and the numbers of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species (red-rumped agouti, lowland paca, nine-banded armadillo, collared peccary, and red brocket deer) are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only just recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extirpated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and undergo no official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit). The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws, with hunting occurring both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with well drafted legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. It remains to be seen if the drafted legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and if the general populace will move towards a greater awareness of the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: active

text: tradition

text: of

text: hunting

text: of

text: small

text: to

text: medium

text: sized

text: wild

text: game

text: in

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Hunting

text: is

text: carried

text: out

text: with

text: firearms

text: and

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: hounds

text: with

text: the

text: illegal

text: use

text: of

text: trap

text: guns

text: trap

text: cages

text: and

text: snare

text: nets

text: With

text: approximately

text: sport

text: hunters

text: applying

text: for

text: hunting

text: licences

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: in

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: country

text: of

text: about

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Delaware

text: at

text: about

text: square

text: kilometers

text: and

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: concern

text: that

text: the

text: practice

text: might

text: not

text: be

text: sustainable

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: at

text: present

text: no

text: bag

text: limits

text: and

text: the

text: open

text: season

text: is

text: comparatively

text: very

text: long

text: months

text: October

text: to

text: February

text: inclusive

text: As

text: such

text: hunting

text: pressure

text: from

text: legal

text: hunters

text: is

text: very

text: high

text: Added

text: to

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: thriving

text: and

text: very

text: lucrative

text: black

text: market

text: for

text: poached

text: wild

text: game

text: sold

text: and

text: enthusiastically

text: purchased

text: as

text: expensive

text: luxury

text: delicacies

text: and

text: the

text: numbers

text: of

text: commercial

text: poachers

text: in

text: operation

text: is

text: unknown

text: but

text: presumed

text: to

text: be

text: fairly

text: high

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: populations

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: major

text: mammalian

text: game

text: species

text: red

text: rumped

text: agouti

text: lowland

text: paca

text: nine

text: banded

text: armadillo

text: collared

text: peccary

text: and

text: red

text: brocket

text: deer

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: quite

text: low

text: although

text: scientifically

text: conducted

text: population

text: studies

text: are

text: only

text: just

text: recently

text: being

text: conducted

text: as

text: of

text: It

text: appears

text: that

text: the

text: red

text: brocket

text: deer

text: population

text: has

text: been

text: extirpated

text: on

text: Tobago

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: over

text: hunting

text: Various

text: herons

text: ducks

text: doves

text: the

text: green

text: iguana

text: the

text: gold

text: tegu

text: the

text: spectacled

text: caiman

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: opossum

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: hunted

text: and

text: poached

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: some

text: poaching

text: of

text: fully

text: protected

text: species

text: including

text: red

text: howler

text: monkeys

text: and

text: capuchin

text: monkeys

text: southern

text: tamanduas

text: Brazilian

text: porcupines

text: yellow

text: footed

text: tortoises

text: Trinidad

text: piping

text: guans

text: and

text: even

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: birds

text: the

text: scarlet

text: ibis

text: Legal

text: hunters

text: pay

text: very

text: small

text: fees

text: to

text: obtain

text: hunting

text: licences

text: and

text: undergo

text: no

text: official

text: basic

text: conservation

text: biology

text: or

text: hunting

text: ethics

text: training

text: There

text: is

text: presumed

text: to

text: be

text: relatively

text: very

text: little

text: subsistence

text: hunting

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: most

text: hunting

text: for

text: either

text: sport

text: or

text: commercial

text: profit

text: The

text: local

text: wildlife

text: management

text: authority

text: is

text: under

text: staffed

text: and

text: under

text: funded

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: very

text: little

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: of

text: enforcement

text: is

text: done

text: to

text: uphold

text: existing

text: wildlife

text: management

text: laws

text: with

text: hunting

text: occurring

text: both

text: in

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: season

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: wildlife

text: sanctuaries

text: There

text: is

text: some

text: indication

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: beginning

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: wildlife

text: management

text: more

text: seriously

text: with

text: well

text: drafted

text: legislation

text: being

text: brought

text: before

text: Parliament

text: in

text: It

text: remains

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: if

text: the

text: drafted

text: legislation

text: will

text: be

text: fully

text: adopted

text: and

text: financially

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: current

text: and

text: future

text: governments

text: and

text: if

text: the

text: general

text: populace

text: will

text: move

text: towards

text: a

text: greater

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: wildlife

text: conservation

text: and

text: change

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: wanton

text: consumption

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: sustainable

text: management

question: Approximately how many sport hunters applied for hunting licences in recent years?

answer: 12,000

question: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?

answer: Trinidad and Tobago

text: Trinidad and Tobago

question: What is there a very lucrative and thriving black market for?

answer: poached wild game

text: poached wild game

question: What is hunting pressure from?

answer: high

text: high

question: What very active tradition Trinidad and Tabago have?

answer: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game

text: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game

question: What animal aids in the hunting?

answer: hounds

text: hounds

question: What population has extirpated?

answer: red brocket deer

text: red brocket deer

question: What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license?

answer: very small fees

text: very small fees


text: Additionally, "[I]n the general case, von Neumann proved the following basic representation theorem. Any complemented modular lattice L having a "basis" of n≥4 pairwise perspective elements, is isomorphic with the lattice ℛ(R) of all principal right-ideals of a suitable regular ring R. This conclusion is the culmination of 140 pages of brilliant and incisive algebra involving entirely novel axioms. Anyone wishing to get an unforgettable impression of the razor edge of von Neumann's mind, need merely try to pursue this chain of exact reasoning for himself—realizing that often five pages of it were written down before breakfast, seated at a living room writing-table in a bathrobe."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Additionally

text: I]n

text: the

text: general

text: case

text: von

text: Neumann

text: proved

text: the

text: following

text: basic

text: representation

text: theorem

text: Any

text: complemented

text: modular

text: lattice

text: L

text: having

text: a

text: basis

text: of

text: pairwise

text: perspective

text: elements

text: is

text: isomorphic

text: with

text: the

text: lattice

text: ℛ(R

text: of

text: all

text: principal

text: right

text: ideals

text: of

text: a

text: suitable

text: regular

text: ring

text: R.

text: This

text: conclusion

text: is

text: the

text: culmination

text: of

text: pages

text: of

text: brilliant

text: and

text: incisive

text: algebra

text: involving

text: entirely

text: novel

text: axioms

text: Anyone

text: wishing

text: to

text: get

text: an

text: unforgettable

text: impression

text: of

text: the

text: razor

text: edge

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: mind

text: need

text: merely

text: try

text: to

text: pursue

text: this

text: chain

text: of

text: exact

text: reasoning

text: for

text: himself

text: realizing

text: that

text: often

text: five

text: pages

text: of

text: it

text: were

text: written

text: down

text: before

text: breakfast

text: seated

text: at

text: a

text: living

text: room

text: writing

text: table

text: in

text: a

text: bathrobe

question: What type of axioms were used by von Neumann in his lattice work?

answer: novel axioms

text: novel axioms

question: How long was von Neumann's lattice theory paper?

answer: 140 pages

text: 140 pages

question: In what room did von Neumann often write at home?

answer: living room writing-table

text: living room writing-table


text: As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: As

text: President

text: Johnson

text: steadfastly

text: pursued

text: the

text: Gemini

text: and

text: Apollo

text: programs

text: promoting

text: them

text: as

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: legacy

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: public

text: One

text: week

text: after

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: death

text: he

text: issued

text: an

text: executive

text: order

text: renaming

text: the

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: and

text: Apollo

text: launch

text: facilities

text: after

text: Kennedy

question: What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson?

answer: Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities

text: Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities

question: Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson?

answer: Gemini and Apollo

text: Gemini and Apollo


text: Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West, ancient Greek art was influential in shaping the Roman and later the modern western artistic heritage. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the western world. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Greek

text: art

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: varied

text: history

text: Greeks

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: visual

text: literary

text: and

text: performing

text: arts

text: In

text: the

text: West

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: art

text: was

text: influential

text: in

text: shaping

text: the

text: Roman

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: modern

text: western

text: artistic

text: heritage

text: Following

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: in

text: Europe

text: the

text: humanist

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: the

text: high

text: technical

text: standards

text: of

text: Greek

text: art

text: inspired

text: generations

text: of

text: European

text: artists

text: Well

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: classical

text: tradition

text: derived

text: from

text: Greece

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: East

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: 's

text: conquests

text: initiated

text: several

text: centuries

text: of

text: exchange

text: between

text: Greek

text: Central

text: Asian

text: and

text: Indian

text: cultures

text: resulting

text: in

text: Greco

text: Buddhist

text: art

text: whose

text: influence

text: reached

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Japan

question: What input did the Greeks have on artistry of the world ?

answer: visual, literary and performing arts.

text: visual, literary and performing arts.

question: What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ?

answer: the Renaissance in Europe

text: the Renaissance in Europe

question: What important heritage of art  from Greece was celebrated during this time ?

answer: the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.

text: the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.

question: What enacted the transactions of customs and ways of life for the people of the Asian continent and the Grecian people ?

answer: In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures

text: In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures

question: In the Land of the Rising Sun, what influence was of Greek descent ?

answer: Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.

text: Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.


text: The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI. The King was constitutionally bound to support Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler. However, when the King and Queen greeted Chamberlain on his return from negotiating the Munich Agreement in 1938, they invited him to appear on the balcony of Buckingham Palace with them. This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family. While broadly popular among the general public, Chamberlain's policy towards Hitler was the subject of some opposition in the House of Commons, which led historian John Grigg to describe the King's behaviour in associating himself so prominently with a politician as "the most unconstitutional act by a British sovereign in the present century".

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: The

text: growing

text: likelihood

text: of

text: war

text: in

text: Europe

text: dominated

text: the

text: early

text: reign

text: of

text: George

text: VI

text: The

text: King

text: was

text: constitutionally

text: bound

text: to

text: support

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Neville

text: Chamberlain

text: 's

text: appeasement

text: of

text: Hitler

text: However

text: when

text: the

text: King

text: and

text: Queen

text: greeted

text: Chamberlain

text: on

text: his

text: return

text: from

text: negotiating

text: the

text: Munich

text: Agreement

text: in

text: they

text: invited

text: him

text: to

text: appear

text: on

text: the

text: balcony

text: of

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: with

text: them

text: This

text: public

text: association

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: with

text: a

text: politician

text: was

text: exceptional

text: as

text: balcony

text: appearances

text: were

text: traditionally

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: While

text: broadly

text: popular

text: among

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: Chamberlain

text: 's

text: policy

text: towards

text: Hitler

text: was

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: some

text: opposition

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: which

text: led

text: historian

text: John

text: Grigg

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: behaviour

text: in

text: associating

text: himself

text: so

text: prominently

text: with

text: a

text: politician

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: unconstitutional

text: act

text: by

text: a

text: British

text: sovereign

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: century

question: Which prime minister was the King constitutionally bound to support?

answer: Neville Chamberlain

text: Neville Chamberlain

question: Which agreement was signed in 1938?

answer: Munich Agreement

text: Munich Agreement

question: The balcony in which palace is famous for being where the royal family makes appearances?

answer: Buckingham Palace

text: Buckingham Palace

question: Which historian commented that the king's act in associating with Chamberlain as unconstitutional?

answer: John Grigg

text: John Grigg


text: Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: Although

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: evidence

text: of

text: earlier

text: inhabitation

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: app

text: BCE

text: and

text: settling

text: in

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: app

text: BCE

text: the

text: founding

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: usually

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: Roman

text: fortification

text: castellum

text: probably

text: built

text: in

text: around

text: CE

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: such

text: fortresses

text: was

text: built

text: after

text: the

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: Claudius

text: decided

text: the

text: empire

text: should

text: not

text: expand

text: north

text: To

text: consolidate

text: the

text: border

text: the

text: limes

text: Germanicus

text: defense

text: line

text: was

text: constructed

text: along

text: the

text: main

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: which

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: flowed

text: through

text: a

text: more

text: northern

text: bed

text: compared

text: to

text: today

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Kromme

text: Rijn

text: These

text: fortresses

text: were

text: designed

text: to

text: house

text: a

text: cohort

text: of

text: about

text: Roman

text: soldiers

text: Near

text: the

text: fort

text: settlements

text: would

text: grow

text: housing

text: artisans

text: traders

text: and

text: soldiers

text: wives

text: and

text: children

question: How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back

answer: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)

text: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)

question: What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide

answer: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.

text: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.

question: What was built along the Rhine

answer: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine

text: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine

question: How many soldiers did the fortress hold

answer: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers

text: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers

question: Who settled near the fort

answer: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children

text: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children


text: As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that "A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season."

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: As

text: the

text: Kulluk

text: oil

text: rig

text: was

text: being

text: towed

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: state

text: of

text: Washington

text: to

text: be

text: serviced

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: the

text: drilling

text: season

text: a

text: winter

text: storm

text: on

text: December

text: caused

text: the

text: towing

text: crews

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: rescue

text: service

text: to

text: lose

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: As

text: of

text: January

text: the

text: Kulluk

text: was

text: grounded

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: Sitkalidak

text: Island

text: near

text: the

text: eastern

text: end

text: of

text: Kodiak

text: Island

text: Following

text: the

text: accident

text: a

text: Fortune

text: magazine

text: contacted

text: Larry

text: McKinney

text: the

text: executive

text: director

text: at

text: the

text: Harte

text: Research

text: Institute

text: for

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Studies

text: at

text: Texas

text: A&M

text: and

text: he

text: explained

text: that

text: A

text: two

text: month

text: delay

text: in

text: the

text: Arctic

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: two

text: month

text: delay

text: A

text: two

text: month

text: delay

text: could

text: wipe

text: out

text: the

text: entire

text: drilling

text: season

question: Why was the Kulluk oil rig being towed to Washington?

answer: to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season

text: to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season

question: What caused towing crews and rescue service to lose control while the Kulluk rig was in transport to Washington?

answer: a winter storm

text: a winter storm

question: On January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast of which island?

answer: Sitkalidak

text: Sitkalidak

question: Following the incident, which magazine contacted Larry McKinney?

answer: Fortune

text: Fortune

question: Larry McKinney explained that a two-month delay in drilling could do what?

answer: wipe out the entire drilling season

text: wipe out the entire drilling season


text: The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: Great

text: Irish

text: Famine

text: brought

text: a

text: large

text: influx

text: of

text: Irish

text: immigrants

text: Over

text: were

text: living

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: by

text: upwards

text: of

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: extensive

text: immigration

text: from

text: the

text: German

text: provinces

text: where

text: revolutions

text: had

text: disrupted

text: societies

text: and

text: Germans

text: comprised

text: another

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: population

text: by

question: What event brought many Irish immigrants to the United States?

answer: Great Irish Famine

text: Great Irish Famine

question: In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York?

answer: 200,000

question: In 1860, what fraction of the city population was composed of Irish immigrants?

answer: a quarter

text: a quarter

question: In 1860, what percentage of the city population was composed of German immigrants?

answer: 25%

question: What events provoked the immigration of people from Germany?

answer: revolutions

text: revolutions

question: Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC?

answer: Great Irish Famine

text: Great Irish Famine

question: How many immigrants that were Irish were living in New York in 1860?

answer: Over 200,000

text: Over 200,000


text: The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships. With the famous facade, the short right field porch and Monument Park, Yankee Stadium has been home to many of baseball's greatest players including Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Yankees

text: of

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: The

text: original

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: opened

text: in

text: on

text: Street

text: and

text: River

text: Avenue

text: a

text: year

text: that

text: saw

text: the

text: Yankees

text: bring

text: home

text: their

text: first

text: of

text: World

text: Series

text: Championships

text: With

text: the

text: famous

text: facade

text: the

text: short

text: right

text: field

text: porch

text: and

text: Monument

text: Park

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: has

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: of

text: baseball

text: 's

text: greatest

text: players

text: including

text: Babe

text: Ruth

text: Lou

text: Gehrig

text: Joe

text: DiMaggio

text: Whitey

text: Ford

text: Yogi

text: Berra

text: Mickey

text: Mantle

text: Reggie

text: Jackson

text: Derek

text: Jeter

text: and

text: Mariano

text: Rivera

question: When did the first Yankee Stadium open?

answer: 1923

question: Where was the first Yankee Stadium?

answer: on 161st Street and River Avenue

text: on 161st Street and River Avenue

question: How many times have the Yankees won the World Series?

answer: 27

question: Which historic great players have played at Yankee Stadium?

answer: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera

text: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera

question: What league are the NY Yankees in?

answer: Major League Baseball

text: Major League Baseball


text: The South Atlantic Express, a 10,000 km (6,214 mi) submarine communications cable connecting Africa to South America, run by the undersea fibre optic provider eFive, will pass St Helena relatively closely. There were no plans to land the cable and install a landing station ashore, which could supply St Helena's population with sufficient bandwidth to fully leverage the benefits of today's Information Society. In January 2012, a group of supporters petitioned the UK government to meet the cost of landing the cable at St Helena. On 6 October 2012, eFive agreed to reroute the cable through St. Helena after a successful lobbying campaign by A Human Right, a San Francisco-based NGA working on initiatives to ensure all people are connected to the Internet. Islanders have sought the assistance of the UK Department for International Development and Foreign and Commonwealth Office in funding the £10m required to bridge the connection from a local junction box on the cable to the island. The UK Government have announced that a review of the island's economy would be required before such funding would be agreed to.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Express

text: a

text: km

text: mi

text: submarine

text: communications

text: cable

text: connecting

text: Africa

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: undersea

text: fibre

text: optic

text: provider

text: eFive

text: will

text: pass

text: St

text: Helena

text: relatively

text: closely

text: There

text: were

text: no

text: plans

text: to

text: land

text: the

text: cable

text: and

text: install

text: a

text: landing

text: station

text: ashore

text: which

text: could

text: supply

text: St

text: Helena

text: 's

text: population

text: with

text: sufficient

text: bandwidth

text: to

text: fully

text: leverage

text: the

text: benefits

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: Information

text: Society

text: In

text: January

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: supporters

text: petitioned

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: landing

text: the

text: cable

text: at

text: St

text: Helena

text: On

text: October

text: eFive

text: agreed

text: to

text: reroute

text: the

text: cable

text: through

text: St.

text: Helena

text: after

text: a

text: successful

text: lobbying

text: campaign

text: by

text: A

text: Human

text: Right

text: a

text: San

text: Francisco

text: based

text: NGA

text: working

text: on

text: initiatives

text: to

text: ensure

text: all

text: people

text: are

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: Islanders

text: have

text: sought

text: the

text: assistance

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: Department

text: for

text: International

text: Development

text: and

text: Foreign

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: Office

text: in

text: funding

text: the

text: m

text: required

text: to

text: bridge

text: the

text: connection

text: from

text: a

text: local

text: junction

text: box

text: on

text: the

text: cable

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: The

text: UK

text: Government

text: have

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: review

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: economy

text: would

text: be

text: required

text: before

text: such

text: funding

text: would

text: be

text: agreed

text: to

question: How long is the South Atlantic Express in miles?

answer: 6,214

question: Who runs the South Atlantic Express?

answer: eFive

text: eFive

question: On what date did eFive announce they would reroute the cable through Saint Helena?

answer: 6 October 2012

text: 6 October 2012

question: Who lobbied for the cable reroute into South Helena?

answer: A Human Right

text: A Human Right


text: Following the Declaration by United Nations (the first official use of the term United Nations) on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General Sir Archibald Wavell to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread over an area from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other areas, including India, Hawaii, and the rest of Australia remained under separate local commands. On 15 January Wavell moved to Bandung in Java to assume control of ABDACOM.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Following

text: the

text: Declaration

text: by

text: United

text: Nations

text: the

text: first

text: official

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: United

text: Nations

text: on

text: January

text: the

text: Allied

text: governments

text: appointed

text: the

text: British

text: General

text: Sir

text: Archibald

text: Wavell

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: British

text: Dutch

text: Australian

text: Command

text: ABDACOM

text: a

text: supreme

text: command

text: for

text: Allied

text: forces

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: This

text: gave

text: Wavell

text: nominal

text: control

text: of

text: a

text: huge

text: force

text: albeit

text: thinly

text: spread

text: over

text: an

text: area

text: from

text: Burma

text: to

text: the

text: Philippines

text: to

text: northern

text: Australia

text: Other

text: areas

text: including

text: India

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Australia

text: remained

text: under

text: separate

text: local

text: commands

text: On

text: January

text: Wavell

text: moved

text: to

text: Bandung

text: in

text: Java

text: to

text: assume

text: control

text: of

text: ABDACOM

question: What date was the first official use of the term United Nations?

answer: 1 January 1942

text: 1 January 1942

question: Who was appointed to command the Allied forces in Southeast Asia in 1942?

answer: General Sir Archibald Wavell

text: General Sir Archibald Wavell

question: When did General Wavell assume control of the Southheast Asia Allied forces?

answer: 15 January

text: 15 January

question: How spread out were the Allied forces in Southeastern Asia?

answer: thinly

text: thinly

question: Where did General Wavell command the Allied forces from?

answer: Bandung

text: Bandung


text: The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: The

text: Slavs

text: under

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Antes

text: and

text: the

text: Sclaveni

text: make

text: their

text: first

text: appearance

text: in

text: Byzantine

text: records

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Byzantine

text: historiographers

text: under

text: Justinian

text: I

text: such

text: as

text: Procopius

text: of

text: Caesarea

text: Jordanes

text: and

text: Theophylact

text: Simocatta

text: describe

text: tribes

text: of

text: these

text: names

text: emerging

text: from

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: the

text: lower

text: Danube

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: invading

text: the

text: Danubian

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Empire

question: The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when?

answer: in the early 6th century

text: in the early 6th century

question: The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century?

answer: the Antes and the Sclaveni

text: the Antes and the Sclaveni

question: According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas?

answer: the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea

text: the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea

question: Tribes of Slavs were invading what provinces of the Eastern Empire?

answer: the Danubian provinces

text: the Danubian provinces

question: Under whose reign did Byzantine historiographers describe Slavic tribes?

answer: under Justinian I

text: under Justinian I


text: Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on Deception Island, which is famous for a giant eruption in 1970. Minor eruptions are frequent and lava flow has been observed in recent years. Other dormant volcanoes may potentially be active. In 2004, a potentially active underwater volcano was found in the Antarctic Peninsula by American and Canadian researchers.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Vinson

text: Massif

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ellsworth

text: Mountains

text: Antarctica

text: contains

text: many

text: other

text: mountains

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: main

text: continent

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: Mount

text: Erebus

text: on

text: Ross

text: Island

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: southernmost

text: active

text: volcano

text: Another

text: well

text: known

text: volcano

text: is

text: found

text: on

text: Deception

text: Island

text: which

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: a

text: giant

text: eruption

text: in

text: Minor

text: eruptions

text: are

text: frequent

text: and

text: lava

text: flow

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Other

text: dormant

text: volcanoes

text: may

text: potentially

text: be

text: active

text: In

text: a

text: potentially

text: active

text: underwater

text: volcano

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Peninsula

text: by

text: American

text: and

text: Canadian

text: researchers

question: What is the highest peak in Antarctica?

answer: Vinson Massif

text: Vinson Massif

question: How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif?

answer: 4,892 m

text: 4,892 m

question: In what mountainous area of Antarctica is Vinson Massif?

answer: Ellsworth Mountains

text: Ellsworth Mountains

question: What type of volcano was located in 2004 by researchers?

answer: underwater

text: underwater

question: What is the Earth's most southern volcano?

answer: Mount Erebus

text: Mount Erebus


text: During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years. Vaccine development continued to accelerate, with the most notable achievement of the period being Jonas Salk's 1954 development of the polio vaccine under the funding of the non-profit National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. The vaccine process was never patented, but was instead given to pharmaceutical companies to manufacture as a low-cost generic. In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species. It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States. The contamination appears to have originated both in the original cell stock and in monkey tissue used for production. In 2004 the United States Cancer Institute announced that it had concluded that SV40 is not associated with cancer in people.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: During

text: the

text: years

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: death

text: rate

text: accelerated

text: from

text: per

text: year

text: to

text: per

text: year

text: then

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: historical

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: dramatic

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: post

text: war

text: years

text: has

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: rapid

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: treatments

text: and

text: vaccines

text: for

text: infectious

text: disease

text: that

text: occurred

text: during

text: these

text: years

text: Vaccine

text: development

text: continued

text: to

text: accelerate

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: achievement

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: being

text: Jonas

text: Salk

text: 's

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: polio

text: vaccine

text: under

text: the

text: funding

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: profit

text: National

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Infantile

text: Paralysis

text: The

text: vaccine

text: process

text: was

text: never

text: patented

text: but

text: was

text: instead

text: given

text: to

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: to

text: manufacture

text: as

text: a

text: low

text: cost

text: generic

text: In

text: Maurice

text: Hilleman

text: of

text: Merck

text: Sharp

text: Dohme

text: identified

text: the

text: virus

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: shown

text: to

text: cause

text: tumors

text: in

text: many

text: mammalian

text: species

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: determined

text: that

text: was

text: present

text: as

text: a

text: contaminant

text: in

text: polio

text: vaccine

text: lots

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: administered

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: contamination

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: originated

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: cell

text: stock

text: and

text: in

text: monkey

text: tissue

text: used

text: for

text: production

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Cancer

text: Institute

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: concluded

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: associated

text: with

text: cancer

text: in

text: people

question: When was the Polio vaccine created?

answer: 1954

question: Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?

answer: United States Cancer Institute

text: United States Cancer Institute

question: Who identified the SV40 virus?

answer: Maurice Hilleman

text: Maurice Hilleman

question: What was a complication of the SV40 virus?

answer: cause tumors

text: cause tumors

question: Who funded the Polio vaccine?

answer: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis

text: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis

question: In what year was the polio vaccine created?

answer: 1954

question: Who created the polio vaccine?

answer: Jonas Salk

text: Jonas Salk

question: What virus caused tumors in most mammals?

answer: SV40

question: Who identified the SV40 virus?

answer: Maurice Hilleman

text: Maurice Hilleman

question: SV40 was present in what vaccine?

answer: polio

text: polio


text: By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traoré. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: By

text: March

text: the

text: growing

text: refusal

text: of

text: soldiers

text: to

text: fire

text: into

text: the

text: largely

text: nonviolent

text: protesting

text: crowds

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: tumult

text: and

text: resulted

text: into

text: thousands

text: of

text: soldiers

text: putting

text: down

text: their

text: arms

text: and

text: joining

text: the

text: pro

text: democracy

text: movement

text: That

text: afternoon

text: Lieutenant

text: Colonel

text: Amadou

text: Toumani

text: Touré

text: announced

text: on

text: the

text: radio

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: arrested

text: the

text: dictatorial

text: president

text: Moussa

text: Traoré

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: opposition

text: parties

text: were

text: legalized

text: and

text: a

text: national

text: congress

text: of

text: civil

text: and

text: political

text: groups

text: met

text: to

text: draft

text: a

text: new

text: democratic

text: constitution

text: to

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: a

text: national

text: referendum

question: Who announced over the Radio that the president had been arrested?

answer: Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré

text: Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré

question: Thousands of soldiers put their weapons down and joined what type of efforts?

answer: pro-democracy

text: pro-democracy

question: The non violent protesting led the soldiers to engage in what type of behavior?

answer: refusal of soldiers to fire

text: refusal of soldiers to fire

question: Opposing groups met to make and create what kind of democratic laws?

answer: constitution

text: constitution

question: What group was to approve the new democratic constitution?

answer: a national referendum

text: a national referendum


text: In 1987, Apple spun off its software business as Claris. It was given the code and rights to several applications, most notably MacWrite, MacPaint, and MacProject. In the late 1980s, Claris released a number of revamped software titles; the result was the "Pro" series, including MacDraw Pro, MacWrite Pro, and FileMaker Pro. To provide a complete office suite, Claris purchased the rights to the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program on the Mac, renaming it Claris Resolve, and added the new presentation software Claris Impact. By the early 1990s, Claris applications were shipping with the majority of consumer-level Macintoshes and were extremely popular. In 1991, Claris released ClarisWorks, which soon became their second best-selling application. When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998, ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: Apple

text: spun

text: off

text: its

text: software

text: business

text: as

text: Claris

text: It

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: code

text: and

text: rights

text: to

text: several

text: applications

text: most

text: notably

text: MacWrite

text: MacPaint

text: and

text: MacProject

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Claris

text: released

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: revamped

text: software

text: titles

text: the

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: Pro

text: series

text: including

text: MacDraw

text: Pro

text: MacWrite

text: Pro

text: and

text: FileMaker

text: Pro

text: To

text: provide

text: a

text: complete

text: office

text: suite

text: Claris

text: purchased

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: Informix

text: Wingz

text: spreadsheet

text: program

text: on

text: the

text: Mac

text: renaming

text: it

text: Claris

text: Resolve

text: and

text: added

text: the

text: new

text: presentation

text: software

text: Claris

text: Impact

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: Claris

text: applications

text: were

text: shipping

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: consumer

text: level

text: Macintoshes

text: and

text: were

text: extremely

text: popular

text: In

text: Claris

text: released

text: ClarisWorks

text: which

text: soon

text: became

text: their

text: second

text: best

text: selling

text: application

text: When

text: Claris

text: was

text: reincorporated

text: back

text: into

text: Apple

text: in

text: ClarisWorks

text: was

text: renamed

text: AppleWorks

text: beginning

text: with

text: version

question: In 1987, what did Apple spin off its software business as?

answer: Claris

text: Claris

question: Which series of applications was Claris responsible for inventing?

answer: "Pro" series

text: "Pro" series

question: What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?

answer: Claris Resolve

text: Claris Resolve

question: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 5.0?

answer: AppleWorks

text: AppleWorks

question: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple?

answer: 1998


text: On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extravehicular activity (EVA), also known as a spacewalk, while keeping the cabin pressurized so that the capsule's electronics wouldn't overheat. Leonov performed the first-ever EVA as part of the mission. A fatality was narrowly avoided when Leonov's spacesuit expanded in the vacuum of space, preventing him from re-entering the airlock. In order to overcome this, he had to partially depressurize his spacesuit to a potentially dangerous level. He succeeded in safely re-entering the ship, but he and Belyayev faced further challenges when the spacecraft's atmospheric controls flooded the cabin with 45% pure oxygen, which had to be lowered to acceptable levels before re-entry. The reentry involved two more challenges: an improperly timed retrorocket firing caused the Voskhod 2 to land 386 kilometers (240 mi) off its designated target area, the town of Perm; and the instrument compartment's failure to detach from the descent apparatus caused the spacecraft to become unstable during reentry.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: On

text: March

text: about

text: a

text: week

text: before

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: piloted

text: Project

text: Gemini

text: space

text: flight

text: the

text: USSR

text: accelerated

text: the

text: competition

text: by

text: launching

text: the

text: two

text: cosmonaut

text: Voskhod

text: mission

text: with

text: Pavel

text: Belyayev

text: and

text: Alexey

text: Leonov

text: Voskhod

text: 's

text: design

text: modifications

text: included

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: an

text: inflatable

text: airlock

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: extravehicular

text: activity

text: EVA

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: spacewalk

text: while

text: keeping

text: the

text: cabin

text: pressurized

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: capsule

text: 's

text: electronics

text: would

text: n't

text: overheat

text: Leonov

text: performed

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: EVA

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: A

text: fatality

text: was

text: narrowly

text: avoided

text: when

text: Leonov

text: 's

text: spacesuit

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: vacuum

text: of

text: space

text: preventing

text: him

text: from

text: re

text: entering

text: the

text: airlock

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: overcome

text: this

text: he

text: had

text: to

text: partially

text: depressurize

text: his

text: spacesuit

text: to

text: a

text: potentially

text: dangerous

text: level

text: He

text: succeeded

text: in

text: safely

text: re

text: entering

text: the

text: ship

text: but

text: he

text: and

text: Belyayev

text: faced

text: further

text: challenges

text: when

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: 's

text: atmospheric

text: controls

text: flooded

text: the

text: cabin

text: with

text: pure

text: oxygen

text: which

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: lowered

text: to

text: acceptable

text: levels

text: before

text: re

text: entry

text: The

text: reentry

text: involved

text: two

text: more

text: challenges

text: an

text: improperly

text: timed

text: retrorocket

text: firing

text: caused

text: the

text: Voskhod

text: to

text: land

text: kilometers

text: mi

text: off

text: its

text: designated

text: target

text: area

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Perm

text: and

text: the

text: instrument

text: compartment

text: 's

text: failure

text: to

text: detach

text: from

text: the

text: descent

text: apparatus

text: caused

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: to

text: become

text: unstable

text: during

text: reentry

question: The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?

answer: March 18, 1965

text: March 18, 1965

question: Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?

answer: Alexey Leonov

text: Alexey Leonov

question: Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?

answer: Alexey Leonov

text: Alexey Leonov


text: Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationship between some species of bees and victims of the bee sting. Species of bees who die after stinging their prey inflict pain on themselves (albeit to protect the hive) as well as on the victim. This term is rarely used.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Synnecrosis

text: is

text: a

text: rare

text: type

text: of

text: symbiosis

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: interaction

text: between

text: species

text: is

text: detrimental

text: to

text: both

text: organisms

text: involved

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: condition

text: as

text: the

text: interaction

text: eventually

text: causes

text: death

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: evolution

text: selects

text: against

text: synnecrosis

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: uncommon

text: in

text: nature

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: bees

text: and

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: bee

text: sting

text: Species

text: of

text: bees

text: who

text: die

text: after

text: stinging

text: their

text: prey

text: inflict

text: pain

text: on

text: themselves

text: albeit

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: hive

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: the

text: victim

text: This

text: term

text: is

text: rarely

text: used

question: What type of relationship harms both organisms?

answer: Synnecrosis

text: Synnecrosis

question: What is the ultimate result of synnecrosis?

answer: death

text: death

question: How common is synnecrosis in the natural world?

answer: uncommon

text: uncommon

question: Why do bees sting even though it will kill them?

answer: to protect the hive

text: to protect the hive