text: 187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: intersects

text: with

text: from

text: East

text: to

text: West

text: Laurel

text: Hill

text: Terrace

text: Amsterdam

text: Avenue

text: Audubon

text: Avenue

text: St.

text: Nicholas

text: Avenue

text: Wadsworth

text: Avenue

text: Broadway

text: Bennett

text: Avenue

text: Overlook

text: Terrace

text: Fort

text: Washington

text: Avenue

text: Pinehurst

text: Avenue

text: Cabrini

text: Boulevard

text: and

text: Chittenden

text: Avenue

question: Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?

answer: Laurel Hill Terrace

text: Laurel Hill Terrace

question: Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?

answer: Chittenden Avenue

text: Chittenden Avenue

question: Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street?

answer: 187th Street

text: 187th Street


text: During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: During

text: installation

text: an

text: iPod

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: one

text: host

text: computer

text: Each

text: time

text: an

text: iPod

text: connects

text: to

text: its

text: host

text: computer

text: iTunes

text: can

text: synchronize

text: entire

text: music

text: libraries

text: or

text: music

text: playlists

text: either

text: automatically

text: or

text: manually

text: Song

text: ratings

text: can

text: be

text: set

text: on

text: an

text: iPod

text: and

text: synchronized

text: later

text: to

text: the

text: iTunes

text: library

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: A

text: user

text: can

text: access

text: play

text: and

text: add

text: music

text: on

text: a

text: second

text: computer

text: if

text: an

text: iPod

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: manual

text: and

text: not

text: automatic

text: sync

text: but

text: anything

text: added

text: or

text: edited

text: will

text: be

text: reversed

text: upon

text: connecting

text: and

text: syncing

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: computer

text: and

text: its

text: library

text: If

text: a

text: user

text: wishes

text: to

text: automatically

text: sync

text: music

text: with

text: another

text: computer

text: an

text: iPod

text: 's

text: library

text: will

text: be

text: entirely

text: wiped

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: computer

text: 's

text: library

question: How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?

answer: one

text: one

question: What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?

answer: library

text: library

question: What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?

answer: host computer

text: host computer


text: The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet "spheres of influence", anticipating potential "territorial and political rearrangements" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: The

text: stated

text: clauses

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Soviet

text: non

text: aggression

text: pact

text: were

text: a

text: guarantee

text: of

text: non

text: belligerence

text: by

text: each

text: party

text: towards

text: the

text: other

text: and

text: a

text: written

text: commitment

text: that

text: neither

text: party

text: would

text: ally

text: itself

text: to

text: or

text: aid

text: an

text: enemy

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: party

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: stipulations

text: of

text: non

text: aggression

text: the

text: treaty

text: included

text: a

text: secret

text: protocol

text: that

text: divided

text: territories

text: of

text: Romania

text: Poland

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Finland

text: into

text: German

text: and

text: Soviet

text: spheres

text: of

text: influence

text: anticipating

text: potential

text: territorial

text: and

text: political

text: rearrangements

text: of

text: these

text: countries

text: Thereafter

text: Germany

text: invaded

text: Poland

text: on

text: September

text: After

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Japanese

text: ceasefire

text: agreement

text: took

text: effect

text: on

text: September

text: Stalin

text: ordered

text: his

text: own

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: on

text: September

text: Part

text: of

text: southeastern

text: Karelia

text: and

text: Salla

text: region

text: in

text: Finland

text: were

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: after

text: the

text: Winter

text: War

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: Soviet

text: annexations

text: of

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Romania

text: Bessarabia

text: Northern

text: Bukovina

text: and

text: the

text: Hertza

text: region

text: Concern

text: about

text: ethnic

text: Ukrainians

text: and

text: Belarusians

text: had

text: been

text: proffered

text: as

text: justification

text: for

text: the

text: Soviet

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: invasion

text: of

text: Bukovina

text: in

text: violated

text: the

text: pact

text: as

text: it

text: went

text: beyond

text: the

text: Soviet

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: agreed

text: with

text: the

text: Axis

question: The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?

answer: Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland

text: Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland

question: Who invaded Poland after the Nazi’s?

answer: Soviet

text: Soviet

question: Which countries were taken over by the Soviets?

answer: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania

text: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania

question: Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: Salla is located in what country?

answer: Finland

text: Finland


text: Despite the fact that humans have occupied the territory of Portugal for thousands of years, something still remains of the original vegetation. In Gerês both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found, an extremely rare worldwide mature mediterranean forest remain in some parts of the Arrábida mountain and a subtropical laurissilva forest, dating back to the Tertiary period, covers its largest continuous area in the world in the Madeira main island. Due to the human population decrease and rural exodus, Pyrenean oak and other local native trees are colonizing many abandoned areas. Boar, Iberian red deer, roe deer, Iberian wild goat, for example, are reported to be expanding greatly, during the last decades. Boars were found recently roaming at night inside large urban areas, like in Setubal. Protected areas of Portugal include one national park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional), 12 natural parks (Portuguese: Parque Natural), nine natural reserves (Portuguese: Reserva Natural), five natural monuments (Portuguese: Monumento Natural), and seven protected landscapes (Portuguese: Paisagem Protegida), which include the Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês, the Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela and the Paul d'Arzila.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: humans

text: have

text: occupied

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Portugal

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: something

text: still

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: vegetation

text: In

text: Gerês

text: both

text: deciduous

text: and

text: coniferous

text: forests

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: an

text: extremely

text: rare

text: worldwide

text: mature

text: mediterranean

text: forest

text: remain

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Arrábida

text: mountain

text: and

text: a

text: subtropical

text: laurissilva

text: forest

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Tertiary

text: period

text: covers

text: its

text: largest

text: continuous

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: Madeira

text: main

text: island

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: decrease

text: and

text: rural

text: exodus

text: Pyrenean

text: oak

text: and

text: other

text: local

text: native

text: trees

text: are

text: colonizing

text: many

text: abandoned

text: areas

text: Boar

text: Iberian

text: red

text: deer

text: roe

text: deer

text: Iberian

text: wild

text: goat

text: for

text: example

text: are

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: expanding

text: greatly

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: Boars

text: were

text: found

text: recently

text: roaming

text: at

text: night

text: inside

text: large

text: urban

text: areas

text: like

text: in

text: Setubal

text: Protected

text: areas

text: of

text: Portugal

text: include

text: one

text: national

text: park

text: Portuguese

text: Parque

text: Nacional

text: natural

text: parks

text: Portuguese

text: Parque

text: Natural

text: nine

text: natural

text: reserves

text: Portuguese

text: Reserva

text: Natural

text: five

text: natural

text: monuments

text: Portuguese

text: Monumento

text: Natural

text: and

text: seven

text: protected

text: landscapes

text: Portuguese

text: Paisagem

text: Protegida

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: Parque

text: Nacional

text: da

text: Peneda

text: Gerês

text: the

text: Parque

text: Natural

text: da

text: Serra

text: da

text: Estrela

text: and

text: the

text: Paul

text: d'Arzila

question: What two types of forests can be found in Geres?

answer: deciduous and coniferous

text: deciduous and coniferous

question: To what period does the laurissilva forest date back to?

answer: the Tertiary period

text: the Tertiary period

question: What type of oak tree is colonizing many abandoned areas in Portugal?

answer: Pyrenean

text: Pyrenean

question: What wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in Portugal?

answer: Boars

text: Boars

question: How many national parks does Portugal have?

answer: 12


text: The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The Barranquilla Carnival includes several parades on Friday and Saturday nights beginning on 11 January and ending with a six-day non-stop festival, beginning the Wednesday prior to Ash Wednesday and ending Tuesday midnight. Other celebrations occur in villages along the lower Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and in Pasto, Nariño (see Blacks and Whites' Carnival) in the south of the country. In the early 20th century, attempts to introduce Carnival in Bogotá were rejected by the government. The Bogotá Carnival was renewed in the 21st century.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: Carnival

text: continued

text: its

text: evolution

text: in

text: small

text: unimportant

text: towns

text: out

text: of

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: rulers

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: uninterrupted

text: celebration

text: of

text: Carnival

text: festivals

text: in

text: Barranquilla

text: see

text: Barranquilla

text: 's

text: Carnival

text: now

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Masterpieces

text: of

text: the

text: Oral

text: and

text: Intangible

text: Heritage

text: of

text: Humanity

text: The

text: Barranquilla

text: Carnival

text: includes

text: several

text: parades

text: on

text: Friday

text: and

text: Saturday

text: nights

text: beginning

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: ending

text: with

text: a

text: six

text: day

text: non

text: stop

text: festival

text: beginning

text: the

text: Wednesday

text: prior

text: to

text: Ash

text: Wednesday

text: and

text: ending

text: Tuesday

text: midnight

text: Other

text: celebrations

text: occur

text: in

text: villages

text: along

text: the

text: lower

text: Magdalena

text: River

text: in

text: northern

text: Colombia

text: and

text: in

text: Pasto

text: Nariño

text: see

text: Blacks

text: and

text: Whites

text: Carnival

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: attempts

text: to

text: introduce

text: Carnival

text: in

text: Bogotá

text: were

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: The

text: Bogotá

text: Carnival

text: was

text: renewed

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?

answer: in small/unimportant towns

text: in small/unimportant towns

question: How many days does the non-stop festival go?

answer: six

text: six

question: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?

answer: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

text: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

question: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?

answer: the government

text: the government


text: While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15, 1528, and applied the name. Now spelled "Appalachian," it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: While

text: exploring

text: inland

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: Florida

text: in

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Narváez

text: expedition

text: including

text: Álvar

text: Núñez

text: Cabeza

text: de

text: Vaca

text: found

text: a

text: Native

text: American

text: village

text: near

text: present

text: day

text: Tallahassee

text: Florida

text: whose

text: name

text: they

text: transcribed

text: as

text: Apalchen

text: or

text: Apalachen

text: a.paˈla.tʃɛn

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: soon

text: altered

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: to

text: Apalachee

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: tribe

text: and

text: region

text: spreading

text: well

text: inland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Pánfilo

text: de

text: Narváez

text: 's

text: expedition

text: first

text: entered

text: Apalachee

text: territory

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: applied

text: the

text: name

text: Now

text: spelled

text: Appalachian

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: European

text: place

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: US

question: What area did the Narvaez expedition explore?

answer: northern coast of Florida

text: northern coast of Florida

question: When did the Narvaez expedition explore Florida?

answer: 1528

question: What did they transcribe Florida's name as?

answer: Apalchen

text: Apalchen

question: What was the name eventually used for?

answer: as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north

text: as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north


text: In Germany, practical reference works intended for the uneducated majority became popular in the 18th century. The Marperger Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerkund Handlungs-Lexicon (1712) explained terms that usefully described the trades and scientific and commercial education. Jablonksi Allgemeines Lexicon (1721) was better known than the Handlungs-Lexicon, and underscored technical subjects rather than scientific theory. For example, over five columns of text were dedicated to wine, while geometry and logic were allocated only twenty-two and seventeen lines, respectively. The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1771) was modelled along the same lines as the German lexicons.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: In

text: Germany

text: practical

text: reference

text: works

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: uneducated

text: majority

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Marperger

text: Curieuses

text: Natur-

text: Kunst-

text: Berg-

text: Gewerkund

text: Handlungs

text: Lexicon

text: explained

text: terms

text: that

text: usefully

text: described

text: the

text: trades

text: and

text: scientific

text: and

text: commercial

text: education

text: Jablonksi

text: Allgemeines

text: Lexicon

text: was

text: better

text: known

text: than

text: the

text: Handlungs

text: Lexicon

text: and

text: underscored

text: technical

text: subjects

text: rather

text: than

text: scientific

text: theory

text: For

text: example

text: over

text: five

text: columns

text: of

text: text

text: were

text: dedicated

text: to

text: wine

text: while

text: geometry

text: and

text: logic

text: were

text: allocated

text: only

text: twenty

text: two

text: and

text: seventeen

text: lines

text: respectively

text: The

text: first

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Encyclopædia

text: Britannica

text: was

text: modelled

text: along

text: the

text: same

text: lines

text: as

text: the

text: German

text: lexicons

question: Which work published in 1712 explained terms that usefully described the trades and scientific and commercial education?

answer: The Marperger Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerkund Handlungs-Lexicon

text: The Marperger Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerkund Handlungs-Lexicon

question: In the Jablonski Allgemeines Lexicon (1721) how many colums of text were dedicated to wine?

answer: over five

text: over five

question: Was the Jablonski Allgemeines Lexicon (1721) more dedicated to technical subjects or scientific theory?

answer: technical subjects

text: technical subjects

question: In what year was the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica published?

answer: 1771

question: The Encyclopaedia Britannica was modelled along the same lines as a work from which country?

answer: Germany

text: Germany


text: The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches were conducted in 1947. In 1950, von Braun began testing the Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family at Cape Canaveral. In 1951, the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593, and by 1955 this program was receiving top-priority funding. The MX-1593 program evolved to become the Atlas-A, with its maiden launch occurring June 11, 1957, becoming the first successful American ICBM. Its upgraded version, the Atlas-D rocket, would later serve as an operational nuclear ICBM and as the orbital launch vehicle for Project Mercury and the remote-controlled Agena Target Vehicle used in Project Gemini.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: had

text: multiple

text: rocket

text: programs

text: divided

text: among

text: the

text: different

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: armed

text: services

text: which

text: meant

text: that

text: each

text: force

text: developed

text: its

text: own

text: ICBM

text: program

text: The

text: Air

text: Force

text: initiated

text: ICBM

text: research

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: However

text: its

text: funding

text: was

text: cancelled

text: and

text: only

text: three

text: partially

text: successful

text: launches

text: were

text: conducted

text: in

text: In

text: von

text: Braun

text: began

text: testing

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Redstone

text: rocket

text: family

text: at

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: In

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: began

text: a

text: new

text: ICBM

text: program

text: called

text: and

text: by

text: this

text: program

text: was

text: receiving

text: top

text: priority

text: funding

text: The

text: program

text: evolved

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Atlas

text: A

text: with

text: its

text: maiden

text: launch

text: occurring

text: June

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: successful

text: American

text: ICBM

text: Its

text: upgraded

text: version

text: the

text: Atlas

text: D

text: rocket

text: would

text: later

text: serve

text: as

text: an

text: operational

text: nuclear

text: ICBM

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: orbital

text: launch

text: vehicle

text: for

text: Project

text: Mercury

text: and

text: the

text: remote

text: controlled

text: Agena

text: Target

text: Vehicle

text: used

text: in

text: Project

text: Gemini

question: The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?

answer: 1945

question: What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?

answer: MX-774

question: The MX-774 was tested in what year?

answer: 1947

question: The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?

answer: Cape Canaveral

text: Cape Canaveral

question: The Atlas-A first launched on what date?

answer: June 11, 1957

text: June 11, 1957


text: Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Public

text: education

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: consists

text: of

text: years

text: of

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: education

text: but

text: the

text: government

text: has

text: plans

text: to

text: implement

text: a

text: system

text: in

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: relatively

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: tertiary

text: education

text: institutions

text: including

text: Khujand

text: State

text: University

text: which

text: has

text: departments

text: in

text: faculties

text: Tajikistan

text: State

text: University

text: of

text: Law

text: Business

text: Politics

text: Khorugh

text: State

text: University

text: Agricultural

text: University

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: Tajik

text: State

text: National

text: University

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: institutions

text: Most

text: but

text: not

text: all

text: universities

text: were

text: established

text: during

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Era

text: As

text: of

text: tertiary

text: education

text: enrollment

text: was

text: significantly

text: below

text: the

text: sub

text: regional

text: average

text: of

text: Many

text: Tajiks

text: left

text: the

text: education

text: system

text: due

text: to

text: low

text: demand

text: in

text: the

text: labor

text: market

text: for

text: people

text: with

text: extensive

text: educational

text: training

text: or

text: professional

text: skills

question: How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system?

answer: 11 years of primary and secondary education

text: 11 years of primary and secondary education

question: What do they want to impliment in 2016?

answer: a 12-year system

text: a 12-year system

question: What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions?

answer: Khujand State University

text: Khujand State University

question: What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment?

answer: 17%


text: Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly. Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas can kill large herbivores that single animals of the same species usually don't dispatch. Social predation allows some animals to organize hunts of creatures that would easily escape a single predator; thus chimpanzees can prey upon colobus monkeys, and Harris's hawks can cut off all possible escapes for a doomed rabbit. Extreme specialization of roles is evident in some hunting that requires co-operation between predators of very different species: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants. Social predation is often very complex behavior, and not all social creatures (for example, domestic cats) perform it. Even without complex intelligence but instinct alone, some ant species can destroy much larger creatures.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: Social

text: predation

text: offers

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: predators

text: to

text: kill

text: creatures

text: larger

text: than

text: those

text: that

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: could

text: overpower

text: singly

text: Lions

text: hyenas

text: wolves

text: dholes

text: African

text: wild

text: dogs

text: and

text: piranhas

text: can

text: kill

text: large

text: herbivores

text: that

text: single

text: animals

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: usually

text: do

text: n't

text: dispatch

text: Social

text: predation

text: allows

text: some

text: animals

text: to

text: organize

text: hunts

text: of

text: creatures

text: that

text: would

text: easily

text: escape

text: a

text: single

text: predator

text: thus

text: chimpanzees

text: can

text: prey

text: upon

text: colobus

text: monkeys

text: and

text: Harris

text: 's

text: hawks

text: can

text: cut

text: off

text: all

text: possible

text: escapes

text: for

text: a

text: doomed

text: rabbit

text: Extreme

text: specialization

text: of

text: roles

text: is

text: evident

text: in

text: some

text: hunting

text: that

text: requires

text: co

text: operation

text: between

text: predators

text: of

text: very

text: different

text: species

text: humans

text: with

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: falcons

text: or

text: dogs

text: or

text: fishing

text: with

text: cormorants

text: Social

text: predation

text: is

text: often

text: very

text: complex

text: behavior

text: and

text: not

text: all

text: social

text: creatures

text: for

text: example

text: domestic

text: cats

text: perform

text: it

text: Even

text: without

text: complex

text: intelligence

text: but

text: instinct

text: alone

text: some

text: ant

text: species

text: can

text: destroy

text: much

text: larger

text: creatures

question: What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys?

answer: Social predation

text: Social predation

question: What is an example of co-coperation between predators of different species?

answer: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants

text: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants

question: What is a species that does not perform social predation?

answer: domestic cats)

text: domestic cats)

question: What are some species that use social predation to prey on animals much larger than themselves?

answer: Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas

text: Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas


text: RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: RIBA

text: Visiting

text: Boards

text: continue

text: to

text: assess

text: courses

text: for

text: exemption

text: from

text: the

text: RIBA

text: 's

text: examinations

text: in

text: architecture

text: Under

text: arrangements

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: validation

text: criteria

text: are

text: jointly

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: RIBA

text: and

text: the

text: Architects

text: Registration

text: Board

text: but

text: unlike

text: the

text: ARB

text: the

text: RIBA

text: also

text: validates

text: courses

text: outside

text: the

text: UK

question: What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?

answer: to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture

text: to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture

question: When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?

answer: 2011

question: What does ARB stand for?

answer: Architects Registration Board

text: Architects Registration Board

question: What is a key difference between the ARB and Royal Institute?

answer: RIBA also validates courses outside the UK

text: RIBA also validates courses outside the UK


text: The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication. Early pet exposure may be useful. Results from exposure to pets at other times are inconclusive and it is only recommended that pets be removed from the home if a person has allergic symptoms to said pet. Dietary restrictions during pregnancy or when breast feeding have not been found to be effective and thus are not recommended. Reducing or eliminating compounds known to sensitive people from the work place may be effective. It is not clear if annual influenza vaccinations effects the risk of exacerbations. Immunization; however, is recommended by the World Health Organization. Smoking bans are effective in decreasing exacerbations of asthma.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: The

text: evidence

text: for

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: measures

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: asthma

text: is

text: weak

text: Some

text: show

text: promise

text: including

text: limiting

text: smoke

text: exposure

text: both

text: in

text: utero

text: and

text: after

text: delivery

text: breastfeeding

text: and

text: increased

text: exposure

text: to

text: daycare

text: or

text: large

text: families

text: but

text: are

text: well

text: supported

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: recommended

text: for

text: this

text: indication

text: Early

text: pet

text: exposure

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: Results

text: from

text: exposure

text: to

text: pets

text: at

text: other

text: times

text: are

text: inconclusive

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: recommended

text: that

text: pets

text: be

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: home

text: if

text: a

text: person

text: has

text: allergic

text: symptoms

text: to

text: said

text: pet

text: Dietary

text: restrictions

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: or

text: when

text: breast

text: feeding

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: effective

text: and

text: thus

text: are

text: not

text: recommended

text: Reducing

text: or

text: eliminating

text: compounds

text: known

text: to

text: sensitive

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: work

text: place

text: may

text: be

text: effective

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: if

text: annual

text: influenza

text: vaccinations

text: effects

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: exacerbations

text: Immunization

text: however

text: is

text: recommended

text: by

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: Smoking

text: bans

text: are

text: effective

text: in

text: decreasing

text: exacerbations

text: of

text: asthma

question: What is weak that is not helping prevent the development of asthma?

answer: The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent

text: The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent

question: What preventative measures always work to prevent asthma?

answer: none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication

text: none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication

question: What has been determined about dietry restrictions during pregnancy and when breast feeding?

answer: have not been found to be effective and thus are not recommended

text: have not been found to be effective and thus are not recommended

question: Why are smoking bans in place?

answer: effective in decreasing exacerbations of asthma

text: effective in decreasing exacerbations of asthma

question: Who recoomends immunizations?

answer: World Health Organization

text: World Health Organization


text: Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon̄ Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Legislative

text: power

text: lies

text: with

text: the

text: Nitijela

text: The

text: upper

text: house

text: of

text: Parliament

text: called

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Iroij

text: is

text: an

text: advisory

text: body

text: comprising

text: twelve

text: tribal

text: chiefs

text: The

text: executive

text: branch

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Cabinet

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: ten

text: ministers

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: with

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: the

text: Nitijela

text: The

text: twenty

text: four

text: electoral

text: districts

text: into

text: which

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: divided

text: correspond

text: to

text: the

text: inhabited

text: islands

text: and

text: atolls

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: four

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: Aelon̄

text: Kein

text: Ad

text: AKA

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: UPP

text: Kien

text: Eo

text: Am

text: KEA

text: and

text: United

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: UDP

text: Rule

text: is

text: shared

text: by

text: the

text: AKA

text: and

text: the

text: UDP

text: The

text: following

text: senators

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: legislative

text: body

question: What is the name of the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?

answer: the Council of Iroij

text: the Council of Iroij

question: Who comprises the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?

answer: twelve tribal chiefs

text: twelve tribal chiefs

question: How many ministers are in the Presidential Cabinet?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Along with the United Democratic Party, what party currently rules the Marshall Islands?

answer: the AKA

text: the AKA

question: How many electoral districts exist in the Marshall Islands?

answer: twenty-four

text: twenty-four


text: The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: death

text: penalty

text: is

text: sought

text: and

text: applied

text: more

text: often

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: not

text: only

text: between

text: states

text: but

text: within

text: states

text: A

text: Cornell

text: University

text: study

text: showed

text: that

text: while

text: percent

text: of

text: murderers

text: convicted

text: nationwide

text: were

text: sentenced

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: in

text: Nevada

text: percent

text: were

text: given

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: Texas

text: gave

text: percent

text: of

text: murderers

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: Texas

text: however

text: executed

text: percent

text: of

text: those

text: sentenced

text: which

text: was

text: about

text: four

text: times

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: California

text: had

text: executed

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: those

text: sentenced

question: What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?

answer: 2.5

question: How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?

answer: 6

question: What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty?

answer: Texas

text: Texas

question: How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?

answer: four times

text: four times

question: What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?

answer: 1


text: A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: A

text: popular

text: trend

text: in

text: this

text: era

text: was

text: remixing

text: dance

text: music

text: hits

text: into

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: ballads

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Candlelight

text: Mix

text: versions

text: of

text: Heaven

text: by

text: DJ

text: Sammy

text: Listen

text: To

text: Your

text: Heart

text: by

text: D.H.T.

text: and

text: Everytime

text: We

text: Touch

text: by

text: Cascada

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: has

text: long

text: characterized

text: itself

text: as

text: family

text: friendly

text: but

text: edited

text: versions

text: of

text: Perfect

text: by

text: P!nk

text: and

text: Forget

text: You

text: by

text: Cee

text: Lo

text: Green

text: showed

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: format

text: in

question: What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of "Heaven"?

answer: the "Candlelight Mix"

text: the "Candlelight Mix"

question: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?

answer: D.H.T.

text: D.H.T.

question: Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"?

answer: Cascada

text: Cascada

question: What artist performed the song "Forget You"?

answer: Cee Lo Green

text: Cee Lo Green

question: What version of P!nk's "Perfect" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011?

answer: edited

text: edited


text: Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: 's

text: constitution

text: expressly

text: forbids

text: capital

text: punishment

text: stating

text: The

text: death

text: penalty

text: shall

text: not

text: exist

text: setting

text: it

text: apart

text: from

text: all

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: other

text: than

text: Michigan

text: which

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: constitutional

text: prohibition

text: eleven

text: other

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: have

text: abolished

text: capital

text: punishment

text: through

text: statutory

text: law

text: However

text: capital

text: punishment

text: is

text: still

text: applicable

text: to

text: offenses

text: committed

text: in

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: if

text: they

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: though

text: federal

text: death

text: penalty

text: prosecutions

text: there

text: have

text: generated

text: significant

text: controversy

question: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall not exist"?

answer: Puerto Rico's

text: Puerto Rico's

question: What US state prohibits the death penalty in its constitution?

answer: Michigan

text: Michigan

question: How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses still be committed in Puerto Rico?

answer: federal

text: federal


text: The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: The

text: main

text: cast

text: was

text: revealed

text: in

text: December

text: at

text: the

text: Stage

text: at

text: Pinewood

text: Studios

text: Daniel

text: Craig

text: returned

text: for

text: his

text: fourth

text: appearance

text: as

text: James

text: Bond

text: while

text: Ralph

text: Fiennes

text: Naomie

text: Harris

text: and

text: Ben

text: Whishaw

text: reprised

text: their

text: roles

text: as

text: M

text: Eve

text: Moneypenny

text: and

text: Q

text: respectively

text: having

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: Skyfall

text: Rory

text: Kinnear

text: also

text: reprised

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: Bill

text: Tanner

text: in

text: his

text: third

text: appearance

text: in

text: the

text: series

question: When were the actors in Spectre announced?

answer: December 2014

text: December 2014

question: Which actor portrayed M?

answer: Ralph Fiennes

text: Ralph Fiennes

question: Which actress portrayed Eve Moneypenny?

answer: Naomie Harris

text: Naomie Harris

question: Which actor portrayed Q?

answer: Ben Whishaw

text: Ben Whishaw

question: Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner?

answer: Rory Kinnear

text: Rory Kinnear

question: How many times has Daniel Craig portrayed James Bond in films?

answer: four

text: four

question: Which actor portrays Bill Tanner?

answer: Rory Kinnear

text: Rory Kinnear

question: Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre?

answer: Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw

text: Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw


text: Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris near Cuenca were the most advanced, and most feared by the Inca, due to their fierce resistance to the Incan expansion. Their architecture remains were later destroyed by Spaniards and the Incas.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Ecuador

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: indigenous

text: cultures

text: and

text: civilizations

text: of

text: different

text: proportions

text: An

text: early

text: sedentary

text: culture

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Valdivia

text: culture

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: coastal

text: region

text: while

text: the

text: Caras

text: and

text: the

text: Quitus

text: unified

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: elaborate

text: civilization

text: that

text: ended

text: at

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: Capital

text: Quito

text: The

text: Cañaris

text: near

text: Cuenca

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: advanced

text: and

text: most

text: feared

text: by

text: the

text: Inca

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: fierce

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: Incan

text: expansion

text: Their

text: architecture

text: remains

text: were

text: later

text: destroyed

text: by

text: Spaniards

text: and

text: the

text: Incas

question: What was Ecuador the site of?

answer: many indigenous cultures

text: many indigenous cultures

question: Where did the Valdivia culture develop?

answer: coastal region

text: coastal region

question: What two cultures unified to for an elaborate civilization?

answer: the Caras and the Quitus

text: the Caras and the Quitus

question: What culture did the Inca fear the most?

answer: The Cañaris

text: The Cañaris

question: What did the Spaniards and Incas destroy?

answer: architecture remains

text: architecture remains


text: The Executive Office also supports the U.S. military by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities. The Executive Director is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA, and each branch of the service has its own Director. The Associate Director of military affairs, a senior military officer, manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands, who produce regional/operational intelligence and consume national intelligence.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: Executive

text: Office

text: also

text: supports

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: by

text: providing

text: it

text: with

text: information

text: it

text: gathers

text: receiving

text: information

text: from

text: military

text: intelligence

text: organizations

text: and

text: cooperating

text: on

text: field

text: activities

text: The

text: Executive

text: Director

text: is

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: CIA

text: and

text: each

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: service

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: Director

text: The

text: Associate

text: Director

text: of

text: military

text: affairs

text: a

text: senior

text: military

text: officer

text: manages

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: CIA

text: and

text: the

text: Unified

text: Combatant

text: Commands

text: who

text: produce

text: regional

text: operational

text: intelligence

text: and

text: consume

text: national

text: intelligence

question: What is the title of the person who manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands?

answer: The Associate Director of military affairs

text: The Associate Director of military affairs

question: What three ways does the Executive office support the U.S. military?

answer: providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities

text: providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities

question: Who is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA?

answer: The Executive Director

text: The Executive Director


text: Islamic architecture used mosaic technique to decorate religious buildings and palaces after the Muslim conquests of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire. In Syria and Egypt the Arabs were influenced by the great tradition of Roman and Early Christian mosaic art. During the Umayyad Dynasty mosaic making remained a flourishing art form in Islamic culture and it is continued in the art of zellige and azulejo in various parts of the Arab world, although tile was to become the main Islamic form of wall decoration.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Islamic

text: architecture

text: used

text: mosaic

text: technique

text: to

text: decorate

text: religious

text: buildings

text: and

text: palaces

text: after

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquests

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: In

text: Syria

text: and

text: Egypt

text: the

text: Arabs

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: great

text: tradition

text: of

text: Roman

text: and

text: Early

text: Christian

text: mosaic

text: art

text: During

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: Dynasty

text: mosaic

text: making

text: remained

text: a

text: flourishing

text: art

text: form

text: in

text: Islamic

text: culture

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: zellige

text: and

text: azulejo

text: in

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: although

text: tile

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: main

text: Islamic

text: form

text: of

text: wall

text: decoration

question: Who conquered the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine empire?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: What would later become the main Islamic form of wall decoration?

answer: tile

text: tile

question: In Syria and Egypt, other than early Christians, who influenced their mosaic work?

answer: Roman

text: Roman

question: The Umayyad Dynasty made mosaic making do what in the Islamic culture?

answer: remained a flourishing art form

text: remained a flourishing art form


text: 18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: has

text: a

text: local

text: subway

text: station

text: at

text: the

text: crossing

text: with

text: Seventh

text: Avenue

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: trains

text: on

text: the

text: IRT

text: Broadway

text: Seventh

text: Avenue

text: Line

text: There

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: Street

text: station

text: on

text: the

text: IRT

text: Lexington

text: Avenue

text: Line

text: at

text: the

text: crossing

text: with

text: Park

text: Avenue

text: South

question: What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?

answer: subway station

text: subway station

question: Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?

answer: IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line

text: IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line

question: Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South?

answer: IRT Lexington Avenue Line

text: IRT Lexington Avenue Line


text: Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that "there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: economics

text: is

text: widely

text: acknowledged

text: Hayek

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: frequently

text: cited

text: economist

text: after

text: Kenneth

text: Arrow

text: in

text: the

text: Nobel

text: lectures

text: of

text: the

text: prize

text: winners

text: in

text: economics

text: which

text: is

text: particularly

text: striking

text: since

text: his

text: own

text: lecture

text: was

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: orthodox

text: economics

text: and

text: neo

text: classical

text: modelisation

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: Nobel

text: Laureates

text: in

text: economics

text: such

text: as

text: Vernon

text: Smith

text: and

text: Herbert

text: A.

text: Simon

text: recognise

text: Hayek

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: modern

text: economist

text: Another

text: Nobel

text: winner

text: Paul

text: Samuelson

text: believed

text: that

text: Hayek

text: was

text: worthy

text: of

text: his

text: award

text: but

text: nevertheless

text: claimed

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: good

text: historical

text: reasons

text: for

text: fading

text: memories

text: of

text: Hayek

text: within

text: the

text: mainstream

text: last

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: economist

text: fraternity

text: In

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: Prices

text: and

text: Production

text: had

text: enjoyed

text: an

text: ultra

text: short

text: Byronic

text: success

text: In

text: retrospect

text: hindsight

text: tells

text: us

text: that

text: its

text: mumbo

text: jumbo

text: about

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: production

text: grossly

text: misdiagnosed

text: the

text: macroeconomics

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: historical

text: scene

text: Despite

text: this

text: comment

text: Samuelson

text: spent

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: obsessed

text: with

text: the

text: problems

text: of

text: capital

text: theory

text: identified

text: by

text: Hayek

text: and

text: Böhm

text: Bawerk

text: and

text: Samuelson

text: flatly

text: judged

text: Hayek

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: right

text: and

text: his

text: own

text: teacher

text: Joseph

text: Schumpeter

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: wrong

text: on

text: the

text: central

text: economic

text: question

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: feasibility

text: of

text: socialist

text: economic

text: planning

text: in

text: a

text: production

text: goods

text: dominated

text: economy

question: Which economist is cited the most by winners of the Nobel prize in that field?

answer: Kenneth Arrow

text: Kenneth Arrow

question: What Nobel prize winner has spent most of his life studying Hayek's capital theory despite being critical of the man?

answer: Paul Samuelson

text: Paul Samuelson

question: On the topic of the practicality of a socialist economy, who does Samuelson believe was wrong?

answer: Joseph Schumpeter

text: Joseph Schumpeter

question: On the topic of mainstream economics, whose Nobel lecture was particularly critical?

answer: Hayek's

text: Hayek's

question: Which of Hayek's works does Samuelson cite as being incorrect regarding macroeconomics?

answer: Prices and Production

text: Prices and Production


text: Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide river valleys. The Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, an extension of the Rocky Mountains, dominates the state's terrain and is home to the state's greatest attraction, Las Barrancas del Cobre, or Copper Canyon, a canyon system larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon. On the slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains (around the regions of Casas Grandes, Cuauhtémoc and Parral), there are vast prairies of short yellow grass, the source of the bulk of the state's agricultural production. Most of the inhabitants live along the Rio Grande Valley and the Conchos River Valley.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Although

text: Chihuahua

text: is

text: primarily

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: Chihuahuan

text: Desert

text: for

text: namesake

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: forests

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: state

text: in

text: Mexico

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Durango

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: variant

text: climate

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: fauna

text: and

text: flora

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: mostly

text: characterized

text: by

text: rugged

text: mountainous

text: terrain

text: and

text: wide

text: river

text: valleys

text: The

text: Sierra

text: Madre

text: Occidental

text: mountain

text: range

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: dominates

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: terrain

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: greatest

text: attraction

text: Las

text: Barrancas

text: del

text: Cobre

text: or

text: Copper

text: Canyon

text: a

text: canyon

text: system

text: larger

text: and

text: deeper

text: than

text: the

text: Grand

text: Canyon

text: On

text: the

text: slope

text: of

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Madre

text: Occidental

text: mountains

text: around

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: Casas

text: Grandes

text: Cuauhtémoc

text: and

text: Parral

text: there

text: are

text: vast

text: prairies

text: of

text: short

text: yellow

text: grass

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: agricultural

text: production

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: live

text: along

text: the

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: Valley

text: and

text: the

text: Conchos

text: River

text: Valley

question: Which state has more forests than Chihuahua?

answer: Durango

text: Durango

question: The state of Chihuahua is primarily identified with what type of landscape?

answer: Desert

text: Desert

question: The Copper Canyon is deeper than what popular American canyon?

answer: Grand Canyon

text: Grand Canyon

question: Along which two valleys do most inhabitants of Chihuahua live?

answer: Rio Grande Valley and the Conchos River Valley

text: Rio Grande Valley and the Conchos River Valley

question: The Sierra Madre Occidentals are an extension of which American mountain range?

answer: Rocky Mountains

text: Rocky Mountains


text: At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Geneviève Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: Hal

text: B.

text: Wallis

text: who

text: had

text: latterly

text: worked

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: producer

text: at

text: Paramount

text: moved

text: over

text: to

text: Universal

text: where

text: he

text: produced

text: several

text: films

text: among

text: them

text: a

text: lavish

text: version

text: of

text: Maxwell

text: Anderson

text: 's

text: Anne

text: of

text: the

text: Thousand

text: Days

text: and

text: the

text: equally

text: lavish

text: Mary

text: Queen

text: of

text: Scots

text: Though

text: neither

text: could

text: claim

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: big

text: financial

text: hit

text: both

text: films

text: received

text: Academy

text: Award

text: nominations

text: and

text: Anne

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: Best

text: Picture

text: Best

text: Actor

text: Richard

text: Burton

text: Best

text: Actress

text: Geneviève

text: Bujold

text: and

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

text: Anthony

text: Quayle

text: Wallis

text: retired

text: from

text: Universal

text: after

text: making

text: the

text: film

text: Rooster

text: Cogburn

text: a

text: sequel

text: to

text: True

text: Grit

text: which

text: Wallis

text: had

text: produced

text: at

text: Paramount

text: Rooster

text: Cogburn

text: co

text: starred

text: John

text: Wayne

text: reprising

text: his

text: Oscar

text: winning

text: role

text: from

text: the

text: earlier

text: film

text: and

text: Katharine

text: Hepburn

text: their

text: only

text: film

text: together

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: only

text: a

text: moderate

text: success

question: Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days?

answer: Hal B. Wallis

text: Hal B. Wallis

question: Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?

answer: Maxwell Anderson

text: Maxwell Anderson

question: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?

answer: 1971

question: Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?

answer: Richard Burton

text: Richard Burton

question: What was the name of the sequel to True Grit produced by Universal?

answer: Rooster Cogburn

text: Rooster Cogburn


text: In May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction of rationing. Unlike most forms of rationing intended to conserve scarce goods, this was done to restrict sales with the overt goal of curtailing drunkenness. Gorbachev's plan also included billboards promoting sobriety, increased penalties for public drunkenness, and to censor drinking scenes from old movies. Although this program was not a direct copycat of Tsar Nicholas II's outright prohibition during World War I, Gorbachev faced the same adverse economic reaction as did the last Tsar. The disincentivization of alcohol consumption was a serious blow to the state budget according to Alexander Yakovlev, who noted annual collections of alcohol taxes decreased by 100 billion rubles. Alcohol production migrated to the black market, or through moonshining as some made "bathtub vodka" with homegrown potatoes. Poorer, less educated Russians resorted to drinking unhealthy substitutes such as nail polish, rubbing alcohol or men's cologne, which only served to be an additional burden on Russia's healthcare sector due to the subsequent poisoning cases. The purpose of these reforms, however, was to prop up the existing centrally planned economy, unlike later reforms, which tended toward market socialism.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: May

text: Gorbachev

text: delivered

text: a

text: speech

text: in

text: Leningrad

text: advocating

text: reforms

text: and

text: an

text: anti

text: alcohol

text: campaign

text: to

text: tackle

text: widespread

text: alcoholism

text: Prices

text: on

text: vodka

text: wine

text: and

text: beer

text: were

text: raised

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: make

text: these

text: drinks

text: more

text: expensive

text: and

text: a

text: disincentive

text: to

text: consumers

text: and

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: rationing

text: Unlike

text: most

text: forms

text: of

text: rationing

text: intended

text: to

text: conserve

text: scarce

text: goods

text: this

text: was

text: done

text: to

text: restrict

text: sales

text: with

text: the

text: overt

text: goal

text: of

text: curtailing

text: drunkenness

text: Gorbachev

text: 's

text: plan

text: also

text: included

text: billboards

text: promoting

text: sobriety

text: increased

text: penalties

text: for

text: public

text: drunkenness

text: and

text: to

text: censor

text: drinking

text: scenes

text: from

text: old

text: movies

text: Although

text: this

text: program

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: direct

text: copycat

text: of

text: Tsar

text: Nicholas

text: II

text: 's

text: outright

text: prohibition

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Gorbachev

text: faced

text: the

text: same

text: adverse

text: economic

text: reaction

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: last

text: Tsar

text: The

text: disincentivization

text: of

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: was

text: a

text: serious

text: blow

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: budget

text: according

text: to

text: Alexander

text: Yakovlev

text: who

text: noted

text: annual

text: collections

text: of

text: alcohol

text: taxes

text: decreased

text: by

text: billion

text: rubles

text: Alcohol

text: production

text: migrated

text: to

text: the

text: black

text: market

text: or

text: through

text: moonshining

text: as

text: some

text: made

text: bathtub

text: vodka

text: with

text: homegrown

text: potatoes

text: Poorer

text: less

text: educated

text: Russians

text: resorted

text: to

text: drinking

text: unhealthy

text: substitutes

text: such

text: as

text: nail

text: polish

text: rubbing

text: alcohol

text: or

text: men

text: 's

text: cologne

text: which

text: only

text: served

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: additional

text: burden

text: on

text: Russia

text: 's

text: healthcare

text: sector

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: subsequent

text: poisoning

text: cases

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: these

text: reforms

text: however

text: was

text: to

text: prop

text: up

text: the

text: existing

text: centrally

text: planned

text: economy

text: unlike

text: later

text: reforms

text: which

text: tended

text: toward

text: market

text: socialism

question: When was Gorbachev's speech addressing alcohol abuse?

answer: May 1985

text: May 1985

question: Other than increasing pricing what was another measure that was introduced to decrease alcohol consumption?

answer: rationing

text: rationing

question: What was censored?

answer: drinking scenes from old movies

text: drinking scenes from old movies

question: Whose anti-alcohol program did Gorbachev's remind people of?

answer: Tsar Nicholas II

text: Tsar Nicholas II

question: When did Tsar Nicholas II ban alcohol?

answer: during World War I,

text: during World War I,


text: It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation needed] This fusion is apparent in the crossover of musical styles by artists such as Dennis Ferrer and Booka Shade, with the former's production style having evolved from the New York soulful house scene and the latter's roots in techno.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: this

text: decade

text: that

text: vocal

text: house

text: became

text: firmly

text: established

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: underground

text: and

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: pop

text: market

text: and

text: labels

text: such

text: as

text: Defected

text: Records

text: Roule

text: and

text: Om

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: championing

text: the

text: emerging

text: sound

text: In

text: the

text: fusion

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: electro

text: house

text: and

text: fidget

text: house

text: emerged.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: fusion

text: is

text: apparent

text: in

text: the

text: crossover

text: of

text: musical

text: styles

text: by

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Dennis

text: Ferrer

text: and

text: Booka

text: Shade

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: 's

text: production

text: style

text: having

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: soulful

text: house

text: scene

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: roots

text: in

text: techno

question: Defected Records was at the forefront of what type of house music?

answer: vocal house

text: vocal house

question: Roule and Om was at the forefront of what type of house music?

answer: vocal house

text: vocal house

question: Dennis Ferrer produced what type of house fusion?

answer: electro house and fidget house

text: electro house and fidget house

question: in what time period did fusion genres of house emerge?

answer: mid-2000s


text: Some people argue that elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists (see Traction elevators below). An elevator is essentially a platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. A modern-day elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cage", "carriage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoistway". In the past, elevator drive mechanisms were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand. In a "traction" elevator, cars are pulled up by means of rolling steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a sheave in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight. Sometimes two elevators are built so that their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions, and are each other's counterweight.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Some

text: people

text: argue

text: that

text: elevators

text: began

text: as

text: simple

text: rope

text: or

text: chain

text: hoists

text: see

text: Traction

text: elevators

text: below

text: An

text: elevator

text: is

text: essentially

text: a

text: platform

text: that

text: is

text: either

text: pulled

text: or

text: pushed

text: up

text: by

text: a

text: mechanical

text: means

text: A

text: modern

text: day

text: elevator

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: cab

text: also

text: called

text: a

text: cage

text: carriage

text: or

text: car

text: mounted

text: on

text: a

text: platform

text: within

text: an

text: enclosed

text: space

text: called

text: a

text: shaft

text: or

text: sometimes

text: a

text: hoistway

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: elevator

text: drive

text: mechanisms

text: were

text: powered

text: by

text: steam

text: and

text: water

text: hydraulic

text: pistons

text: or

text: by

text: hand

text: In

text: a

text: traction

text: elevator

text: cars

text: are

text: pulled

text: up

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: rolling

text: steel

text: ropes

text: over

text: a

text: deeply

text: grooved

text: pulley

text: commonly

text: called

text: a

text: sheave

text: in

text: the

text: industry

text: The

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: car

text: is

text: balanced

text: by

text: a

text: counterweight

text: Sometimes

text: two

text: elevators

text: are

text: built

text: so

text: that

text: their

text: cars

text: always

text: move

text: synchronously

text: in

text: opposite

text: directions

text: and

text: are

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: counterweight

question: What is another name for an elevator shaft?

answer: hoistway

text: hoistway

question: Elevator drive mechanisms have, in the past been, powered by what?

answer: steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand

text: steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand

question: What is the weight of the elevator cage balanced by?

answer: a counterweight

text: a counterweight

question: How do elevators built in pairs work?

answer: their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions,

text: their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions,


text: In glaciated areas where the glacier moves faster than one km per year, glacial earthquakes occur. These are large scale temblors that have seismic magnitudes as high as 6.1. The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland peaks every year in July, August and September and is increasing over time. In a study using data from January 1993 through October 2005, more events were detected every year since 2002, and twice as many events were recorded in 2005 as there were in any other year. This increase in the numbers of glacial earthquakes in Greenland may be a response to global warming.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: In

text: glaciated

text: areas

text: where

text: the

text: glacier

text: moves

text: faster

text: than

text: one

text: km

text: per

text: year

text: glacial

text: earthquakes

text: occur

text: These

text: are

text: large

text: scale

text: temblors

text: that

text: have

text: seismic

text: magnitudes

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: glacial

text: earthquakes

text: in

text: Greenland

text: peaks

text: every

text: year

text: in

text: July

text: August

text: and

text: September

text: and

text: is

text: increasing

text: over

text: time

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: using

text: data

text: from

text: January

text: through

text: October

text: more

text: events

text: were

text: detected

text: every

text: year

text: since

text: and

text: twice

text: as

text: many

text: events

text: were

text: recorded

text: in

text: as

text: there

text: were

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: year

text: This

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: numbers

text: of

text: glacial

text: earthquakes

text: in

text: Greenland

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: global

text: warming

question: How far does a glacier have to move to cause glacial earthquakes?

answer: one km per year

text: one km per year

question: How high can the seismic magnitude be of a glacial earthquake?

answer: 6.1

question: Are Greenland's glacial earthquakes increasing or decreasing as time goes on?

answer: increasing

text: increasing

question: During which months do glacial earthquakes peak in Greenland?

answer: July, August and September

text: July, August and September

question: In what year were twice as many glacial earthquakes seen than in any other year in Greenland?

answer: 2005


text: Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Armenians

text: constitute

text: the

text: main

text: population

text: of

text: Armenia

text: and

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: wide

text: ranging

text: diaspora

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: full

text: or

text: partial

text: Armenian

text: ancestry

text: living

text: outside

text: of

text: modern

text: Armenia

text: The

text: largest

text: Armenian

text: populations

text: today

text: exist

text: in

text: Russia

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: Georgia

text: Iran

text: Ukraine

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: Syria

text: With

text: the

text: exceptions

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: states

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: was

text: formed

text: mainly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

question: Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?

answer: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

text: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

question: How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?

answer: around 5 million

text: around 5 million

question: Where do most emigrant Armenians live?

answer: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria

text: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria

question: Why did many Armenians leave Armenia?

answer: the Armenian Genocide

text: the Armenian Genocide


text: In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope. When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal convection currents of the gas, depositing preferentially on the uppermost part of the envelope and blackening just that portion of the envelope. An incandescent lamp that gives 93% or less of its initial light output at 75% of its rated life is regarded as unsatisfactory, when tested according to IEC Publication 60064. Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening. Study of the problem of bulb blackening led to the discovery of the Edison effect, thermionic emission and invention of the vacuum tube.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: In

text: a

text: conventional

text: lamp

text: the

text: evaporated

text: tungsten

text: eventually

text: condenses

text: on

text: the

text: inner

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: glass

text: envelope

text: darkening

text: it

text: For

text: bulbs

text: that

text: contain

text: a

text: vacuum

text: the

text: darkening

text: is

text: uniform

text: across

text: the

text: entire

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: envelope

text: When

text: a

text: filling

text: of

text: inert

text: gas

text: is

text: used

text: the

text: evaporated

text: tungsten

text: is

text: carried

text: in

text: the

text: thermal

text: convection

text: currents

text: of

text: the

text: gas

text: depositing

text: preferentially

text: on

text: the

text: uppermost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: envelope

text: and

text: blackening

text: just

text: that

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: envelope

text: An

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: that

text: gives

text: or

text: less

text: of

text: its

text: initial

text: light

text: output

text: at

text: of

text: its

text: rated

text: life

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: unsatisfactory

text: when

text: tested

text: according

text: to

text: IEC

text: Publication

text: Light

text: loss

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: filament

text: evaporation

text: and

text: bulb

text: blackening

text: Study

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: bulb

text: blackening

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Edison

text: effect

text: thermionic

text: emission

text: and

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: vacuum

text: tube

question: What darkens a conventional bulb over its lifetime?

answer: the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope

text: the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope

question: What is the IEC guideline for an unacceptable level of light loss?

answer: An incandescent lamp that gives 93% or less of its initial light output at 75% of its rated life is regarded as unsatisfactory

text: An incandescent lamp that gives 93% or less of its initial light output at 75% of its rated life is regarded as unsatisfactory

question: What are the primary causes of light loss?

answer: Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening

text: Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening

question: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when inert gas is used?

answer: on the uppermost part of the envelope

text: on the uppermost part of the envelope

question: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when a vacuum is used?

answer: across the entire surface of the envelope

text: across the entire surface of the envelope


text: The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. At present the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: cultural

text: identity

text: The

text: traditional

text: culture

text: of

text: farming

text: cheesemaking

text: and

text: woodworking

text: still

text: exists

text: in

text: Alpine

text: villages

text: although

text: the

text: tourist

text: industry

text: began

text: to

text: grow

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: industry

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Winter

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: have

text: been

text: hosted

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: French

text: Italian

text: Austrian

text: and

text: German

text: Alps

text: At

text: present

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: has

text: million

text: annual

text: visitors

question: The alps is home to how many people?

answer: 14 million people

text: 14 million people

question: How many visitors go to the Alps annually?

answer: 120 million

text: 120 million

question: What is the dominant industry in the Alpine region?

answer: tourist industry

text: tourist industry


text: For example, consider electron–positron annihilation, in which the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed, but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles (its invariant mass) remains (since all energy is associated with mass), and this inertia and invariant mass is carried off by photons which individually are massless, but as a system retain their mass. This is a reversible process – the inverse process is called pair creation – in which the rest mass of particles is created from energy of two (or more) annihilating photons. In this system the matter (electrons and positrons) is destroyed and changed to non-matter energy (the photons). However, the total system mass and energy do not change during this interaction.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: For

text: example

text: consider

text: electron

text: positron

text: annihilation

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: rest

text: mass

text: of

text: individual

text: particles

text: is

text: destroyed

text: but

text: the

text: inertia

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: particles

text: its

text: invariant

text: mass

text: remains

text: since

text: all

text: energy

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: mass

text: and

text: this

text: inertia

text: and

text: invariant

text: mass

text: is

text: carried

text: off

text: by

text: photons

text: which

text: individually

text: are

text: massless

text: but

text: as

text: a

text: system

text: retain

text: their

text: mass

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: reversible

text: process

text: the

text: inverse

text: process

text: is

text: called

text: pair

text: creation

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: rest

text: mass

text: of

text: particles

text: is

text: created

text: from

text: energy

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: annihilating

text: photons

text: In

text: this

text: system

text: the

text: matter

text: electrons

text: and

text: positrons

text: is

text: destroyed

text: and

text: changed

text: to

text: non

text: matter

text: energy

text: the

text: photons

text: However

text: the

text: total

text: system

text: mass

text: and

text: energy

text: do

text: not

text: change

text: during

text: this

text: interaction

question: What is it called when the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles remains?

answer: electron–positron annihilation

text: electron–positron annihilation

question: What is the inverse process called?

answer: pair creation

text: pair creation

question: What is the process in which the rest mass of particles is created from energy of two or more annihilating photons?

answer: pair creation

text: pair creation


text: During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: During

text: a

text: reannexation

text: by

text: Germany

text: High

text: German

text: was

text: reinstated

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: education

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: speak

text: German

text: and

text: French

text: family

text: names

text: were

text: Germanized

text: Following

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: regulation

text: was

text: not

text: reinstated

text: and

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: German

text: in

text: primary

text: schools

text: was

text: suspended

text: by

text: a

text: provisional

text: rectorial

text: decree

text: which

text: was

text: supposed

text: to

text: enable

text: French

text: to

text: regain

text: lost

text: ground

text: The

text: teaching

text: of

text: German

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: issue

text: however

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: Following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: pursued

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: its

text: traditional

text: language

text: policy

text: a

text: campaign

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: German

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: wider

text: Francization

text: campaign

question: Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?

answer: 1940–1945

question: What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation?

answer: names were Germanized.

text: names were Germanized.

question: When did the suspension of German teaching in  schools happen?

answer: 1927


text: The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed] According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: currency

text: is

text: the

text: euro

text: which

text: replaced

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Escudo

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: central

text: bank

text: is

text: the

text: Banco

text: de

text: Portugal

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: System

text: of

text: Central

text: Banks

text: Most

text: industries

text: businesses

text: and

text: financial

text: institutions

text: are

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: Lisbon

text: and

text: Porto

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: the

text: Setúbal

text: Aveiro

text: Braga

text: Coimbra

text: and

text: Leiria

text: districts

text: are

text: the

text: biggest

text: economic

text: centres

text: outside

text: these

text: two

text: main

text: areas.[citation

text: needed

text: According

text: to

text: World

text: Travel

text: Awards

text: Portugal

text: is

text: the

text: Europe

text: 's

text: Leading

text: Golf

text: Destination

text: and

question: What currency does Portugal use?

answer: the euro (€)

text: the euro (€)

question: What currency did the euro replace in Portugal?

answer: Portuguese Escudo

text: Portuguese Escudo

question: What is the name of Portugal's central bank?

answer: Banco de Portugal

text: Banco de Portugal

question: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated?

answer: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas

text: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas

question: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination?

answer: Golf

text: Golf


text: The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and the German sonata principle". The last movement, a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile in which the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout, was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries, including Schumann. The Op. 58 sonata is closer to the German tradition, including many passages of complex counterpoint, "worthy of Brahms" according to the music historians Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: The

text: two

text: mature

text: piano

text: sonatas

text: No

text: Op

text: written

text: in

text: and

text: No

text: Op

text: written

text: in

text: are

text: in

text: four

text: movements

text: In

text: Op

text: Chopin

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: combine

text: within

text: a

text: formal

text: large

text: musical

text: structure

text: many

text: elements

text: of

text: his

text: virtuosic

text: piano

text: technique—"a

text: kind

text: of

text: dialogue

text: between

text: the

text: public

text: pianism

text: of

text: the

text: brilliant

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: German

text: sonata

text: principle

text: The

text: last

text: movement

text: a

text: brief

text: perpetuum

text: mobile

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: hands

text: play

text: in

text: unmodified

text: octave

text: unison

text: throughout

text: was

text: found

text: shocking

text: and

text: unmusical

text: by

text: contemporaries

text: including

text: Schumann

text: The

text: Op

text: sonata

text: is

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: tradition

text: including

text: many

text: passages

text: of

text: complex

text: counterpoint

text: worthy

text: of

text: Brahms

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: historians

text: Kornel

text: Michałowski

text: and

text: Jim

text: Samson

question: How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?

answer: four

text: four

question: What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"?

answer: Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson

text: Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson

question: How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?

answer: four

text: four

question: Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?

answer: The last movement

text: The last movement

question: According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?

answer: Op. 58

text: Op. 58