text: The difference in the above factors for the case of θ=0 is the reason that most broadcasting (transmissions intended for the public) uses vertical polarization. For receivers near the ground, horizontally polarized transmissions suffer cancellation. For best reception the receiving antennas for these signals are likewise vertically polarized. In some applications where the receiving antenna must work in any position, as in mobile phones, the base station antennas use mixed polarization, such as linear polarization at an angle (with both vertical and horizontal components) or circular polarization.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: above

text: factors

text: for

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: reason

text: that

text: most

text: broadcasting

text: transmissions

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: uses

text: vertical

text: polarization

text: For

text: receivers

text: near

text: the

text: ground

text: horizontally

text: polarized

text: transmissions

text: suffer

text: cancellation

text: For

text: best

text: reception

text: the

text: receiving

text: antennas

text: for

text: these

text: signals

text: are

text: likewise

text: vertically

text: polarized

text: In

text: some

text: applications

text: where

text: the

text: receiving

text: antenna

text: must

text: work

text: in

text: any

text: position

text: as

text: in

text: mobile

text: phones

text: the

text: base

text: station

text: antennas

text: use

text: mixed

text: polarization

text: such

text: as

text: linear

text: polarization

text: at

text: an

text: angle

text: with

text: both

text: vertical

text: and

text: horizontal

text: components

text: or

text: circular

text: polarization

question: What type of programmin relies on vertical polarization?

answer: broadcasting

text: broadcasting

question: If you were to position your receiver closer to the ground what might be a negative of this placement?

answer: cancellation

text: cancellation

question: What is one use that would require an antenna to receive signals in various ways at once?

answer: mobile phones

text: mobile phones

question: If you were to develop a signal to be used with mobile phones what would be an effective antenna type?

answer: circular polarization.

text: circular polarization.

question: What would the antenna you are using take advantage of to allow it to work in multiple locations?

answer: mixed polarization

text: mixed polarization


text: The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical scriptures. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence. The Quran is used along with the hadith to interpret sharia law. During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: Quran

text: assumes

text: familiarity

text: with

text: major

text: narratives

text: recounted

text: in

text: the

text: Biblical

text: scriptures

text: It

text: summarizes

text: some

text: dwells

text: at

text: length

text: on

text: others

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: presents

text: alternative

text: accounts

text: and

text: interpretations

text: of

text: events

text: The

text: Quran

text: describes

text: itself

text: as

text: a

text: book

text: of

text: guidance

text: It

text: sometimes

text: offers

text: detailed

text: accounts

text: of

text: specific

text: historical

text: events

text: and

text: it

text: often

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: moral

text: significance

text: of

text: an

text: event

text: over

text: its

text: narrative

text: sequence

text: The

text: Quran

text: is

text: used

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: hadith

text: to

text: interpret

text: sharia

text: law

text: During

text: prayers

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: recited

text: only

text: in

text: Arabic

question: In which language is the Quran spoken during prayer?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: The Quran is used in the interpretation of which form of law?

answer: sharia

text: sharia

question: What accounts are form the basis of much of the accounts in the Quran?

answer: Biblical scriptures

text: Biblical scriptures

question: Which religious text calls itself a book of guidance?

answer: Quran

text: Quran


text: While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them." Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: While

text: royal

text: assent

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: withheld

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: since

text: it

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: withheld

text: in

text: British

text: colonies

text: and

text: former

text: colonies

text: by

text: governors

text: acting

text: on

text: royal

text: instructions

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: colonists

text: complained

text: that

text: George

text: III

text: has

text: refused

text: his

text: Assent

text: to

text: Laws

text: the

text: most

text: wholesome

text: and

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: good

text: and

text: has

text: forbidden

text: his

text: Governors

text: to

text: pass

text: Laws

text: of

text: immediate

text: and

text: pressing

text: importance

text: unless

text: suspended

text: in

text: their

text: operation

text: till

text: his

text: Assent

text: should

text: be

text: obtained

text: and

text: when

text: so

text: suspended

text: he

text: has

text: utterly

text: neglected

text: to

text: attend

text: to

text: them

text: Even

text: after

text: colonies

text: such

text: as

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: Newfoundland

text: were

text: granted

text: responsible

text: government

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: continued

text: to

text: sometimes

text: advise

text: governors

text: general

text: on

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: assent

text: assent

text: was

text: also

text: occasionally

text: reserved

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: to

text: examine

text: a

text: bill

text: before

text: advising

text: the

text: governor

text: general

question: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?

answer: 1708

question: The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch?

answer: George III

text: George III

question: What did the American colonies accuse the monarch of?

answer: refused his Assent to Laws

text: refused his Assent to Laws

question: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?

answer: 1708

question: Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government?

answer: the British government

text: the British government

question: To whom did the British government occasionally still advice on the royal assent, although they had their own responsible governments?

answer: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland

text: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland


text: During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported:

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: palace

text: was

text: bombed

text: nine

text: times

text: the

text: most

text: serious

text: and

text: publicised

text: of

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: chapel

text: in

text: Coverage

text: of

text: this

text: event

text: was

text: played

text: in

text: cinemas

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: UK

text: to

text: show

text: the

text: common

text: suffering

text: of

text: rich

text: and

text: poor

text: One

text: bomb

text: fell

text: in

text: the

text: palace

text: quadrangle

text: while

text: King

text: George

text: VI

text: and

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: were

text: in

text: residence

text: and

text: many

text: windows

text: were

text: blown

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: chapel

text: destroyed

text: War

text: time

text: coverage

text: of

text: such

text: incidents

text: was

text: severely

text: restricted

text: however

text: The

text: King

text: and

text: Queen

text: were

text: filmed

text: inspecting

text: their

text: bombed

text: home

text: the

text: smiling

text: Queen

text: as

text: always

text: immaculately

text: dressed

text: in

text: a

text: hat

text: and

text: matching

text: coat

text: seemingly

text: unbothered

text: by

text: the

text: damage

text: around

text: her

text: It

text: was

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: Queen

text: famously

text: declared

text: I

text: 'm

text: glad

text: we

text: have

text: been

text: bombed

text: Now

text: I

text: can

text: look

text: the

text: East

text: End

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: The

text: royal

text: family

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: sharing

text: their

text: subjects

text: hardship

text: as

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Graphic

text: reported

question: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII?

answer: nine times

text: nine times

question: What was destroyed in 1940?

answer: the palace chapel

text: the palace chapel

question: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII?

answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

text: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

question: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?

answer: the common suffering of rich and poor

text: the common suffering of rich and poor

question: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII?

answer: the chapel

text: the chapel

question: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?

answer: inspecting their bombed home

text: inspecting their bombed home

question: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings?

answer: their subjects' hardship

text: their subjects' hardship


text: If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects between the aircraft and the end of the runway. It also has the advantage of separating the recovery operation area from the launch area. Helicopters and aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) usually recover by coming abreast the carrier on the port side and then using their hover capability to move over the flight deck and land vertically without the need for arresting gear.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: If

text: the

text: aircraft

text: are

text: VTOL

text: capable

text: or

text: helicopters

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: decelerate

text: and

text: hence

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: such

text: need

text: The

text: arrested

text: recovery

text: system

text: has

text: used

text: an

text: angled

text: deck

text: since

text: the

text: because

text: in

text: case

text: the

text: aircraft

text: does

text: not

text: catch

text: the

text: arresting

text: wire

text: the

text: short

text: deck

text: allows

text: easier

text: take

text: off

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: objects

text: between

text: the

text: aircraft

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: runway

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: separating

text: the

text: recovery

text: operation

text: area

text: from

text: the

text: launch

text: area

text: Helicopters

text: and

text: aircraft

text: capable

text: of

text: vertical

text: or

text: short

text: take

text: off

text: and

text: landing

text: V

text: STOL

text: usually

text: recover

text: by

text: coming

text: abreast

text: the

text: carrier

text: on

text: the

text: port

text: side

text: and

text: then

text: using

text: their

text: hover

text: capability

text: to

text: move

text: over

text: the

text: flight

text: deck

text: and

text: land

text: vertically

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: arresting

text: gear

question: What type of aircraft have no need to decelerate?

answer: VTOL-capable or helicopters

text: VTOL-capable or helicopters

question: What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?

answer: the launch area

text: the launch area

question: What does V/STOL refer to?

answer: aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing

text: aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing

question: What capability do helicopters use to move over the flight deck and land vertically?

answer: hover

text: hover

question: What don't helicopters need because of having hover capablility?

answer: arresting gear

text: arresting gear


text: The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is amongst the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: Chamorros

text: Guam

text: 's

text: indigenous

text: people

text: settled

text: the

text: island

text: approximately

text: years

text: ago

text: Portuguese

text: explorer

text: Ferdinand

text: Magellan

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: European

text: to

text: visit

text: the

text: island

text: on

text: March

text: Guam

text: was

text: colonized

text: in

text: with

text: settlers

text: like

text: Diego

text: Luis

text: de

text: San

text: Vitores

text: a

text: Catholic

text: missionary

text: Between

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: Guam

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: stopover

text: for

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Manila

text: Galleons

text: During

text: the

text: Spanish

text: American

text: War

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: captured

text: Guam

text: on

text: June

text: Under

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Paris

text: Spain

text: ceded

text: Guam

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: December

text: Guam

text: is

text: amongst

text: the

text: seventeen

text: Non

text: Self

text: Governing

text: Territories

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

question: What is the official name given for Guam's indigenous people?

answer: Chamorros

text: Chamorros

question: When did Guam's indigenous people first arrive?

answer: 4,000 years ago

text: 4,000 years ago

question: Who was the first European to visit the island?

answer: Ferdinand Magellan

text: Ferdinand Magellan

question: What year was Guam colonized?

answer: 1668

question: What year did the United States capture Guam?

answer: 1898


text: Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal. For example, height measured to the withers ranges from 15.2 centimetres (6.0 in) in the Chihuahua to about 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. It is common for most breeds to shed this coat.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Most

text: breeds

text: of

text: dog

text: are

text: at

text: most

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: years

text: old

text: having

text: been

text: artificially

text: selected

text: for

text: particular

text: morphologies

text: and

text: behaviors

text: by

text: people

text: for

text: specific

text: functional

text: roles

text: Through

text: this

text: selective

text: breeding

text: the

text: dog

text: has

text: developed

text: into

text: hundreds

text: of

text: varied

text: breeds

text: and

text: shows

text: more

text: behavioral

text: and

text: morphological

text: variation

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: land

text: mammal

text: For

text: example

text: height

text: measured

text: to

text: the

text: withers

text: ranges

text: from

text: centimetres

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Chihuahua

text: to

text: about

text: cm

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Irish

text: Wolfhound

text: color

text: varies

text: from

text: white

text: through

text: grays

text: usually

text: called

text: blue

text: to

text: black

text: and

text: browns

text: from

text: light

text: tan

text: to

text: dark

text: red

text: or

text: chocolate

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: variation

text: of

text: patterns

text: coats

text: can

text: be

text: short

text: or

text: long

text: coarse

text: haired

text: to

text: wool

text: like

text: straight

text: curly

text: or

text: smooth

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: most

text: breeds

text: to

text: shed

text: this

text: coat

question: The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long?

answer: a few hundred years

text: a few hundred years

question: People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things?

answer: particular morphologies and behaviors

text: particular morphologies and behaviors

question: Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?

answer: selective breeding

text: selective breeding

question: Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed?

answer: Irish Wolfhound

text: Irish Wolfhound

question: How old are most dog breeds?

answer: a few hundred years old

text: a few hundred years old

question: How many different breeds are there?

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds

question: Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?

answer: blue

text: blue


text: Bipolar transistors are so named because they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers. The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes, and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p–n–p transistor). This construction produces two p–n junctions: a base–emitter junction and a base–collector junction, separated by a thin region of semiconductor known as the base region (two junction diodes wired together without sharing an intervening semiconducting region will not make a transistor).

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: Bipolar

text: transistors

text: are

text: so

text: named

text: because

text: they

text: conduct

text: by

text: using

text: both

text: majority

text: and

text: minority

text: carriers

text: The

text: bipolar

text: junction

text: transistor

text: the

text: first

text: type

text: of

text: transistor

text: to

text: be

text: mass

text: produced

text: is

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: two

text: junction

text: diodes

text: and

text: is

text: formed

text: of

text: either

text: a

text: thin

text: layer

text: of

text: p

text: type

text: semiconductor

text: sandwiched

text: between

text: two

text: n

text: type

text: semiconductors

text: an

text: n

text: p

text: n

text: transistor

text: or

text: a

text: thin

text: layer

text: of

text: n

text: type

text: semiconductor

text: sandwiched

text: between

text: two

text: p

text: type

text: semiconductors

text: a

text: p

text: n

text: p

text: transistor

text: This

text: construction

text: produces

text: two

text: p

text: n

text: junctions

text: a

text: base

text: emitter

text: junction

text: and

text: a

text: base

text: collector

text: junction

text: separated

text: by

text: a

text: thin

text: region

text: of

text: semiconductor

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: base

text: region

text: two

text: junction

text: diodes

text: wired

text: together

text: without

text: sharing

text: an

text: intervening

text: semiconducting

text: region

text: will

text: not

text: make

text: a

text: transistor

question: What gives bipolar transistors their name?

answer: they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers

text: they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers

question: What was the first mass-produced transistor?

answer: bipolar junction transistor

text: bipolar junction transistor

question: What is the bipolar junction transistor a combination of?

answer: two junction diodes

text: two junction diodes

question: What is the name for a layer of p-type semiconductor set between two n-type semiconductors?

answer: n–p–n transistor

text: n–p–n transistor

question: What is the name for a layer of n-type semiconductor set between two p-type semiconductors?

answer: p–n–p transistor

text: p–n–p transistor


text: Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s. The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication. Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. This dogma has since been shown to have exceptions, such as reverse transcription in retroviruses. The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Advances

text: in

text: understanding

text: genes

text: and

text: inheritance

text: continued

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: Deoxyribonucleic

text: acid

text: DNA

text: was

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: molecular

text: repository

text: of

text: genetic

text: information

text: by

text: experiments

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: was

text: studied

text: by

text: Rosalind

text: Franklin

text: using

text: X

text: ray

text: crystallography

text: which

text: led

text: James

text: D.

text: Watson

text: and

text: Francis

text: Crick

text: to

text: publish

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: stranded

text: DNA

text: molecule

text: whose

text: paired

text: nucleotide

text: bases

text: indicated

text: a

text: compelling

text: hypothesis

text: for

text: the

text: mechanism

text: of

text: genetic

text: replication

text: Collectively

text: this

text: body

text: of

text: research

text: established

text: the

text: central

text: dogma

text: of

text: molecular

text: biology

text: which

text: states

text: that

text: proteins

text: are

text: translated

text: from

text: RNA

text: which

text: is

text: transcribed

text: from

text: DNA

text: This

text: dogma

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: exceptions

text: such

text: as

text: reverse

text: transcription

text: in

text: retroviruses

text: The

text: modern

text: study

text: of

text: genetics

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: DNA

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: molecular

text: genetics

question: What was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s?

answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

text: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

question: Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography?

answer: Rosalind Franklin

text: Rosalind Franklin

question: What two scientists published a model of the double stranded DNA molecule?

answer: James D. Watson and Francis Crick

text: James D. Watson and Francis Crick

question: What is one exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?

answer: reverse transcription in retroviruses

text: reverse transcription in retroviruses

question: What is the modern study of genetics at the level of DNA known as?

answer: molecular genetics

text: molecular genetics


text: Artspace on Orange Street is one of several contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of local, national, and international artists. Others include City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area. Westville galleries include Kehler Liddell, Jennifer Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye. The Erector Square complex in the Fair Haven neighborhood houses the Parachute Factory gallery along with numerous artist studios, and the complex serves as an active destination during City-Wide Open Studios held yearly in October.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: Artspace

text: on

text: Orange

text: Street

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: contemporary

text: art

text: galleries

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: showcasing

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: local

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: artists

text: Others

text: include

text: City

text: Gallery

text: and

text: A.

text: Leaf

text: Gallery

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: Westville

text: galleries

text: include

text: Kehler

text: Liddell

text: Jennifer

text: Jane

text: Gallery

text: and

text: The

text: Hungry

text: Eye

text: The

text: Erector

text: Square

text: complex

text: in

text: the

text: Fair

text: Haven

text: neighborhood

text: houses

text: the

text: Parachute

text: Factory

text: gallery

text: along

text: with

text: numerous

text: artist

text: studios

text: and

text: the

text: complex

text: serves

text: as

text: an

text: active

text: destination

text: during

text: City

text: Wide

text: Open

text: Studios

text: held

text: yearly

text: in

text: October

question: What is the name of a prominent contemporary art gallery on Orange Street in New Haven?

answer: Artspace

text: Artspace

question: What are two contemporary art galleries located in downtown New Haven?

answer: City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery

text: City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery

question: In what area of New Haven are Kehler Liddel, Jennider Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye Gallery located?

answer: Westville

text: Westville

question: What New Haven gallery is housed in the Erector Square complex located in the Fair Haven neighborhood?

answer: Parachute Factory

text: Parachute Factory

question: For what annual New Haven art event, held in early October, is the Erector Square complex used?

answer: City-Wide Open Studios

text: City-Wide Open Studios

question: What is the name of the art gallery that hosts multiple artist locally and around the world?

answer: Artspace

text: Artspace

question: This gallery contains works of artist such as The Hungry Eye, what is name of the place?

answer: Westville galleries

text: Westville galleries

question: The Erector Square complex is a gallery that is located where?

answer: Fair Haven neighborhood houses

text: Fair Haven neighborhood houses

question: During which month is the complex particularly active?

answer: October

text: October


text: As the School grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in the town, outside the College's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning town. The Houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner, and during the 18th and 19th centuries were mostly run by women known as "dames". They typically contain about fifty boys. Although classes are organised on a School basis, most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their House. Each House has a formal name, mainly used for post and people outside the Eton community. It is generally known by the boys by the initials or surname of the House Master, the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: As

text: the

text: School

text: grew

text: more

text: students

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: attend

text: provided

text: that

text: they

text: paid

text: their

text: own

text: fees

text: and

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: outside

text: the

text: College

text: 's

text: original

text: buildings

text: These

text: students

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Oppidans

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: oppidum

text: meaning

text: town

text: The

text: Houses

text: developed

text: over

text: time

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: providing

text: residence

text: for

text: the

text: Oppidans

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: congenial

text: manner

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: were

text: mostly

text: run

text: by

text: women

text: known

text: as

text: dames

text: They

text: typically

text: contain

text: about

text: fifty

text: boys

text: Although

text: classes

text: are

text: organised

text: on

text: a

text: School

text: basis

text: most

text: boys

text: spend

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: their

text: time

text: in

text: their

text: House

text: Each

text: House

text: has

text: a

text: formal

text: name

text: mainly

text: used

text: for

text: post

text: and

text: people

text: outside

text: the

text: Eton

text: community

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: boys

text: by

text: the

text: initials

text: or

text: surname

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: Master

text: the

text: teacher

text: who

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: house

text: and

text: manages

text: the

text: pupils

text: in

text: it

question: What is the term given to students who lived in town, but not on the campus of Eton?

answer: Oppidans

text: Oppidans

question: Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what?

answer: "dames"

text: "dames"

question: What is a House Master?

answer: the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it

text: the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it

question: About how many students are in a typical Oppidan house?

answer: fifty

text: fifty


text: The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba'athists, Marxists and Islamists. Operating in a pyramid structure, the base form of these Committees were local working groups, who sent elected representatives to the district level, and from there to the national level, divided between the General People's Congress and the General People's Committee. Above these remained Gaddafi and the RCC, who remained responsible for all major decisions.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Committees

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: public

text: involvement

text: in

text: decision

text: making

text: within

text: the

text: limits

text: permitted

text: by

text: the

text: RCC

text: but

text: exacerbated

text: tribal

text: divisions

text: They

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: surveillance

text: system

text: aiding

text: the

text: security

text: services

text: in

text: locating

text: individuals

text: with

text: views

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: RCC

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: Ba'athists

text: Marxists

text: and

text: Islamists

text: Operating

text: in

text: a

text: pyramid

text: structure

text: the

text: base

text: form

text: of

text: these

text: Committees

text: were

text: local

text: working

text: groups

text: who

text: sent

text: elected

text: representatives

text: to

text: the

text: district

text: level

text: and

text: from

text: there

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: General

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: and

text: the

text: General

text: People

text: 's

text: Committee

text: Above

text: these

text: remained

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: the

text: RCC

text: who

text: remained

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: major

text: decisions

question: What kind of structure did the People's Committee system use?

answer: pyramid

text: pyramid

question: What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to?

answer: tribal divisions

text: tribal divisions

question: Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?

answer: Marxists

text: Marxists

question: Along with the General People's Congress, what national body represented the People's Committees?

answer: General People's Committee

text: General People's Committee


text: English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Montana

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: many

text: U.S.

text: states

text: English

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: aged

text: and

text: older

text: speak

text: English

text: at

text: home

text: Spanish

text: is

text: the

text: language

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: at

text: home

text: other

text: than

text: English

text: There

text: were

text: about

text: Spanish

text: language

text: speakers

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: population

text: speakers

text: of

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: other

text: than

text: English

text: or

text: Spanish

text: percent

text: speakers

text: of

text: a

text: Native

text: American

text: language

text: and

text: percent

text: speakers

text: of

text: an

text: Asian

text: or

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: language

text: Other

text: languages

text: spoken

text: in

text: Montana

text: as

text: of

text: include

text: Assiniboine

text: about

text: speakers

text: in

text: the

text: Montana

text: and

text: Canada

text: Blackfoot

text: about

text: speakers

text: Cheyenne

text: about

text: speakers

text: Plains

text: Cree

text: about

text: speakers

text: Crow

text: about

text: speakers

text: Dakota

text: about

text: speakers

text: in

text: Minnesota

text: Montana

text: Nebraska

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: South

text: Dakota

text: German

text: Hutterite

text: about

text: speakers

text: Gros

text: Ventre

text: about

text: speakers

text: Kalispel

text: Pend

text: d'Oreille

text: about

text: speakers

text: Kutenai

text: about

text: speakers

text: and

text: Lakota

text: about

text: speakers

text: in

text: Minnesota

text: Montana

text: Nebraska

text: North

text: Dakota

text: South

text: Dakota

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Education

text: estimated

text: in

text: that

text: students

text: in

text: Montana

text: spoke

text: a

text: language

text: at

text: home

text: other

text: than

text: English

text: These

text: included

text: a

text: Native

text: American

text: language

text: percent

text: German

text: percent

text: Spanish

text: percent

text: Russian

text: percent

text: and

text: Chinese

text: less

text: than

text: percent

question: What is the official language of Montana?

answer: English

text: English

question: What percentage of the population in Montana speak English?

answer: 94.8 percent

text: 94.8 percent

question: What is the second most common language spoken in Montana?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: How about many Spanish speakers are there in the state?

answer: 13,040

question: ABout how many people in the state of Montana speak Cheyenne?

answer: about 1,700

text: about 1,700


text: Theophrastus wrote some of the earliest descriptions of plants and animals, establishing the first taxonomy and looking at minerals in terms of their properties such as hardness. Pliny the Elder produced what is one of the largest encyclopedias of the natural world in 77 AD, and must be regarded as the rightful successor to Theophrastus. For example, he accurately describes the octahedral shape of the diamond, and proceeds to mention that diamond dust is used by engravers to cut and polish other gems owing to its great hardness. His recognition of the importance of crystal shape is a precursor to modern crystallography, while mention of numerous other minerals presages mineralogy. He also recognises that other minerals have characteristic crystal shapes, but in one example, confuses the crystal habit with the work of lapidaries. He was also the first to recognise that amber was a fossilized resin from pine trees because he had seen samples with trapped insects within them.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Theophrastus

text: wrote

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: descriptions

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: establishing

text: the

text: first

text: taxonomy

text: and

text: looking

text: at

text: minerals

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: hardness

text: Pliny

text: the

text: Elder

text: produced

text: what

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: encyclopedias

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: in

text: AD

text: and

text: must

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: rightful

text: successor

text: to

text: Theophrastus

text: For

text: example

text: he

text: accurately

text: describes

text: the

text: octahedral

text: shape

text: of

text: the

text: diamond

text: and

text: proceeds

text: to

text: mention

text: that

text: diamond

text: dust

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: engravers

text: to

text: cut

text: and

text: polish

text: other

text: gems

text: owing

text: to

text: its

text: great

text: hardness

text: His

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: crystal

text: shape

text: is

text: a

text: precursor

text: to

text: modern

text: crystallography

text: while

text: mention

text: of

text: numerous

text: other

text: minerals

text: presages

text: mineralogy

text: He

text: also

text: recognises

text: that

text: other

text: minerals

text: have

text: characteristic

text: crystal

text: shapes

text: but

text: in

text: one

text: example

text: confuses

text: the

text: crystal

text: habit

text: with

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: lapidaries

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: recognise

text: that

text: amber

text: was

text: a

text: fossilized

text: resin

text: from

text: pine

text: trees

text: because

text: he

text: had

text: seen

text: samples

text: with

text: trapped

text: insects

text: within

text: them

question: What classification guide did Theophrastus create?

answer: the first taxonomy

text: the first taxonomy

question: In what year did Pliny the Elder publish the largest encyclopedia?

answer: 77 AD

text: 77 AD

question: What did Pliny the Elder observe about diamonds?

answer: the octahedral shape

text: the octahedral shape

question: Who do engravers use diamond dust for?

answer: to cut and polish other gems

text: to cut and polish other gems

question: What characteristic was Pliny the Elder the first to recognize about amber?

answer: was a fossilized resin

text: was a fossilized resin


text: The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems have gone beyond the functionality of the original hardware and have included variations such as a portable system with a color LCD (e.g. PocketFami). Others have been produced with certain specialized markets in mind, such as an NES clone that functions as a rather primitive personal computer, which includes a keyboard and basic word processing software. These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called NES-on-a-chip.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: unlicensed

text: clone

text: market

text: has

text: flourished

text: following

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: discontinuation

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: exotic

text: of

text: these

text: resulting

text: systems

text: have

text: gone

text: beyond

text: the

text: functionality

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: hardware

text: and

text: have

text: included

text: variations

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: portable

text: system

text: with

text: a

text: color

text: LCD

text: e.g.

text: PocketFami

text: Others

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: with

text: certain

text: specialized

text: markets

text: in

text: mind

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: NES

text: clone

text: that

text: functions

text: as

text: a

text: rather

text: primitive

text: personal

text: computer

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: keyboard

text: and

text: basic

text: word

text: processing

text: software

text: These

text: unauthorized

text: clones

text: have

text: been

text: helped

text: by

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: NES

text: on

text: a

text: chip

question: What thrived after the NES was discontinued?

answer: unlicensed clone market

text: unlicensed clone market

question: What feature does the PocketFami have?

answer: color LCD

text: color LCD

question: The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make clones easy to produce?

answer: chip

text: chip


text: In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzenegger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story. On March 6, 2011, at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger revealed that he was being considered for several films, including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man, and that he was "packaging" a comic book character. The character was later revealed to be the Governator, star of the comic book and animated series of the same name. Schwarzenegger inspired the character and co-developed it with Stan Lee, who would have produced the series. Schwarzenegger would have voiced the Governator.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: In

text: January

text: just

text: weeks

text: after

text: leaving

text: office

text: in

text: California

text: Schwarzenegger

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: reading

text: several

text: new

text: scripts

text: for

text: future

text: films

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: action

text: drama

text: With

text: Wings

text: as

text: Eagles

text: written

text: by

text: Randall

text: Wallace

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: true

text: story

text: On

text: March

text: at

text: the

text: Arnold

text: Seminar

text: of

text: the

text: Arnold

text: Classic

text: Schwarzenegger

text: revealed

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: being

text: considered

text: for

text: several

text: films

text: including

text: sequels

text: to

text: The

text: Terminator

text: and

text: remakes

text: of

text: Predator

text: and

text: The

text: Running

text: Man

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: packaging

text: a

text: comic

text: book

text: character

text: The

text: character

text: was

text: later

text: revealed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Governator

text: star

text: of

text: the

text: comic

text: book

text: and

text: animated

text: series

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: Schwarzenegger

text: inspired

text: the

text: character

text: and

text: co

text: developed

text: it

text: with

text: Stan

text: Lee

text: who

text: would

text: have

text: produced

text: the

text: series

text: Schwarzenegger

text: would

text: have

text: voiced

text: the

text: Governator

question: What's the name of the comic book character modeled on Schwarzenegger?

answer: the Governator

text: the Governator

question: What famous comic book writer did Schwarzenegger work with on the Governator?

answer: Stan Lee

text: Stan Lee

question: Schwarzenegger said he was reading scripts that included the one for what WWII film based on a true story?

answer: With Wings as Eagles

text: With Wings as Eagles

question: Who wrote the screenplay for With Wings as Eagles?

answer: Randall Wallace

text: Randall Wallace


text: Weinreich's identity variant similarly includes the categories of identity diffusion, foreclosure and crisis, but with a somewhat different emphasis. Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their conflicted identifications with others; therefore we should be alert to individuals with levels which are much higher or lower than the norm – highly diffused individuals are classified as diffused, and those with low levels as foreclosed or defensive. (Weinreich & Saunderson, 2003, pp 65–67; 105-106). Weinreich applies the identity variant in a framework which also allows for the transition from one to another by way of biographical experiences and resolution of conflicted identifications situated in various contexts – for example, an adolescent going through family break-up may be in one state, whereas later in a stable marriage with a secure professional role may be in another. Hence, though there is continuity, there is also development and change. (Weinreich & Saunderson, 2003, pp 22–23).

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: Weinreich

text: 's

text: identity

text: variant

text: similarly

text: includes

text: the

text: categories

text: of

text: identity

text: diffusion

text: foreclosure

text: and

text: crisis

text: but

text: with

text: a

text: somewhat

text: different

text: emphasis

text: Here

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: identity

text: diffusion

text: for

text: example

text: an

text: optimal

text: level

text: is

text: interpreted

text: as

text: the

text: norm

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: unrealistic

text: to

text: expect

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: resolve

text: all

text: their

text: conflicted

text: identifications

text: with

text: others

text: therefore

text: we

text: should

text: be

text: alert

text: to

text: individuals

text: with

text: levels

text: which

text: are

text: much

text: higher

text: or

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: norm

text: highly

text: diffused

text: individuals

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: diffused

text: and

text: those

text: with

text: low

text: levels

text: as

text: foreclosed

text: or

text: defensive

text: Weinreich

text: Saunderson

text: pp

text: Weinreich

text: applies

text: the

text: identity

text: variant

text: in

text: a

text: framework

text: which

text: also

text: allows

text: for

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: one

text: to

text: another

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: biographical

text: experiences

text: and

text: resolution

text: of

text: conflicted

text: identifications

text: situated

text: in

text: various

text: contexts

text: for

text: example

text: an

text: adolescent

text: going

text: through

text: family

text: break

text: up

text: may

text: be

text: in

text: one

text: state

text: whereas

text: later

text: in

text: a

text: stable

text: marriage

text: with

text: a

text: secure

text: professional

text: role

text: may

text: be

text: in

text: another

text: Hence

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: continuity

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: development

text: and

text: change

text: Weinreich

text: Saunderson

text: pp

question: Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what?

answer: Weinreich's identity variant

text: Weinreich's identity variant

question: Those with high levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?

answer: diffused

text: diffused

question: Those with low levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?

answer: foreclosed or defensive

text: foreclosed or defensive

question: An adolescent going through a family break up turning into an adult in a stable marriage is given as an example of change in what?

answer: the identity variant

text: the identity variant

question: What level of identity diffusion is interpreted as the norm?

answer: an optimal level

text: an optimal level


text: Some historians estimate the number of magnates as 1% of the number of szlachta. Out of approx. one million szlachta, tens of thousands of families, only 200–300 persons could be classed as great magnates with country-wide possessions and influence, and 30–40 of them could be viewed as those with significant impact on Poland's politics.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Some

text: historians

text: estimate

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: magnates

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: szlachta

text: Out

text: of

text: approx

text: one

text: million

text: szlachta

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: families

text: only

text: persons

text: could

text: be

text: classed

text: as

text: great

text: magnates

text: with

text: country

text: wide

text: possessions

text: and

text: influence

text: and

text: of

text: them

text: could

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: those

text: with

text: significant

text: impact

text: on

text: Poland

text: 's

text: politics

question: Historians estimate how much of magnates make up szlachta?

answer: 1%

question: Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates?

answer: 200–300

question: Out of one million how many people could be viewed with significant impact politically?

answer: 30–40


text: Around 1200 BC, the Dorians, another Greek-speaking people, followed from Epirus. Traditionally, historians have believed that the Dorian invasion caused the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, but it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC. The Dorian invasion was followed by a poorly attested period of migrations, appropriately called the Greek Dark Ages, but by 800 BC the landscape of Archaic and Classical Greece was discernible.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Around

text: BC

text: the

text: Dorians

text: another

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: people

text: followed

text: from

text: Epirus

text: Traditionally

text: historians

text: have

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: Dorian

text: invasion

text: caused

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Mycenaean

text: civilization

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: likely

text: the

text: main

text: attack

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: seafaring

text: raiders

text: sea

text: peoples

text: who

text: sailed

text: into

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: around

text: BC

text: The

text: Dorian

text: invasion

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: poorly

text: attested

text: period

text: of

text: migrations

text: appropriately

text: called

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: but

text: by

text: BC

text: the

text: landscape

text: of

text: Archaic

text: and

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: was

text: discernible

question: What group of people came with others who left the geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now a mutual  region between Greece and Albania ?

answer: the Dorians

text: the Dorians

question: When did these groups make the migration ?

answer: Around 1200 BC

text: Around 1200 BC

question: What civilization is the group credited with putting an end to ?

answer: the Mycenaean civilization,

text: the Mycenaean civilization,

question: Is it believed that they truly are responsible in full for the collapse ?

answer: it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples)

text: it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples)

question: What areas were being explored by others in  by sea faring vessels and when are they believed to have arrived  ?

answer: seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC

text: seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC


text: A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: A

text: core

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: early

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: the

text: relation

text: between

text: dhyana

text: and

text: insight

text: Schmithausen

text: in

text: his

text: often

text: cited

text: article

text: On

text: some

text: Aspects

text: of

text: Descriptions

text: or

text: Theories

text: of

text: Liberating

text: Insight

text: and

text: Enlightenment

text: in

text: Early

text: Buddhism

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: mention

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: noble

text: truths

text: as

text: constituting

text: liberating

text: insight

text: which

text: is

text: attained

text: after

text: mastering

text: the

text: Rupa

text: Jhanas

text: is

text: a

text: later

text: addition

text: to

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: Majjhima

text: Nikaya

text: needed

question: A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else?

answer: insight

text: insight

question: Liberating insight is attained after mastering what?

answer: Rupa Jhanas

text: Rupa Jhanas

question: Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas?

answer: Majjhima Nikaya

text: Majjhima Nikaya


text: From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began after Greece's new elected government stopped masking its true indebtedness and budget deficit and openly communicated the imminent danger of a Greek sovereign default. Seeing a sovereign default in the eurozone as a shock, the general public, international and European institutions, and the financial community started to intensively reassess the economic situation and creditworthiness of eurozone states. Those eurozone states being assessed as not financially sustainable enough on their current path, faced waves of credit rating downgrades and rising borrowing costs including increasing interest rate spreads. As a consequence, the ability of these states to borrow new money to further finance their budget deficits or to refinance existing unsustainable debt levels was strongly reduced.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: From

text: late

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: mainly

text: southern

text: eurozone

text: member

text: states

text: started

text: being

text: unable

text: to

text: repay

text: their

text: national

text: Euro

text: denominated

text: government

text: debt

text: or

text: to

text: finance

text: the

text: bail

text: out

text: of

text: troubled

text: financial

text: sectors

text: under

text: their

text: national

text: supervision

text: without

text: the

text: assistance

text: of

text: third

text: parties

text: This

text: so

text: called

text: European

text: debt

text: crisis

text: began

text: after

text: Greece

text: 's

text: new

text: elected

text: government

text: stopped

text: masking

text: its

text: true

text: indebtedness

text: and

text: budget

text: deficit

text: and

text: openly

text: communicated

text: the

text: imminent

text: danger

text: of

text: a

text: Greek

text: sovereign

text: default

text: Seeing

text: a

text: sovereign

text: default

text: in

text: the

text: eurozone

text: as

text: a

text: shock

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: international

text: and

text: European

text: institutions

text: and

text: the

text: financial

text: community

text: started

text: to

text: intensively

text: reassess

text: the

text: economic

text: situation

text: and

text: creditworthiness

text: of

text: eurozone

text: states

text: Those

text: eurozone

text: states

text: being

text: assessed

text: as

text: not

text: financially

text: sustainable

text: enough

text: on

text: their

text: current

text: path

text: faced

text: waves

text: of

text: credit

text: rating

text: downgrades

text: and

text: rising

text: borrowing

text: costs

text: including

text: increasing

text: interest

text: rate

text: spreads

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: these

text: states

text: to

text: borrow

text: new

text: money

text: to

text: further

text: finance

text: their

text: budget

text: deficits

text: or

text: to

text: refinance

text: existing

text: unsustainable

text: debt

text: levels

text: was

text: strongly

text: reduced

question: When did the European debt Crisis begin?

answer: 2009

question: What did the eurozone states that were thought to not be able to repay their debt face as a consequence?

answer: the ability of these states to borrow new money to further finance their budget deficits or to refinance existing unsustainable debt levels was strongly reduced

text: the ability of these states to borrow new money to further finance their budget deficits or to refinance existing unsustainable debt levels was strongly reduced

question: Which country was the first to be at risk for soverign default?

answer: Greece

text: Greece

question: Who brought Greece's financial crisis to the forefront?

answer: new elected government

text: new elected government

question: What had Greece's previous government been hiding?

answer: its true indebtedness and budget deficit

text: its true indebtedness and budget deficit


text: Unemployment levels are low (31 individuals in 2013, compared to 50 in 2004 and 342 in 1998). Employment is dominated by the public sector, the number of government positions has fallen from 1,142 in 2006 to just over 800 in 2013. St Helena’s private sector employs approximately 45% of the employed labour force and is largely dominated by small and micro businesses with 218 private businesses employing 886 in 2004.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Unemployment

text: levels

text: are

text: low

text: individuals

text: in

text: compared

text: to

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Employment

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: sector

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: government

text: positions

text: has

text: fallen

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: just

text: over

text: in

text: St

text: Helena

text: ’s

text: private

text: sector

text: employs

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: employed

text: labour

text: force

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: dominated

text: by

text: small

text: and

text: micro

text: businesses

text: with

text: private

text: businesses

text: employing

text: in

question: How many individuals were unemployed on the island in 2013?

answer: 31

question: Employment on the island is dominated by what sector?

answer: public

text: public

question: In 2013 the number of government jobs was what?

answer: 800

question: What % of people are employed in the private sector in Saint Helena?

answer: 45

question: How many private businesses employee people on Saint Helena?

answer: 218


text: Historically, and since pre-Hispanic times, the Valley of Anahuac has been one of the most densely populated areas in Mexico. When the Federal District was created in 1824, the urban area of Mexico City extended approximately to the area of today's Cuauhtémoc borough. At the beginning of the 20th century, the elites began migrating to the south and west and soon the small towns of Mixcoac and San Ángel were incorporated by the growing conurbation. According to the 1921 census, 54.78% of the city's population was considered Mestizo (Indigenous mixed with European), 22.79% considered European, and 18.74% considered Indigenous. This was the last Mexican Census which asked people to self-identify themselves with an heritage other than Amerindian. However, the census had the particularity that, unlike racial/ethnic census in other countries, it was focused in the perception of cultural heritage rather than in a racial perception, leading to a good number of white people to identify with "Mixed heritage" due cultural influence. In 1921, Mexico City had less than one million inhabitants.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Historically

text: and

text: since

text: pre

text: Hispanic

text: times

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: Anahuac

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: areas

text: in

text: Mexico

text: When

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

text: extended

text: approximately

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: Cuauhtémoc

text: borough

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: elites

text: began

text: migrating

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: soon

text: the

text: small

text: towns

text: of

text: Mixcoac

text: and

text: San

text: Ángel

text: were

text: incorporated

text: by

text: the

text: growing

text: conurbation

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: considered

text: Mestizo

text: Indigenous

text: mixed

text: with

text: European

text: considered

text: European

text: and

text: considered

text: Indigenous

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: Mexican

text: Census

text: which

text: asked

text: people

text: to

text: self

text: identify

text: themselves

text: with

text: an

text: heritage

text: other

text: than

text: Amerindian

text: However

text: the

text: census

text: had

text: the

text: particularity

text: that

text: unlike

text: racial

text: ethnic

text: census

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: it

text: was

text: focused

text: in

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: rather

text: than

text: in

text: a

text: racial

text: perception

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: good

text: number

text: of

text: white

text: people

text: to

text: identify

text: with

text: Mixed

text: heritage

text: due

text: cultural

text: influence

text: In

text: Mexico

text: City

text: had

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: million

text: inhabitants

question: in 1921, what percent of Mexico City's population Mestizo?

answer: 54.78

question: How many people lived in Mexico City in 1921?

answer: less than one million

text: less than one million

question: What percentage of Mexico City's population was indigenous in 1921?

answer: 18.74


text: Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denomination and pay taxes to support it. Similarly, the Constitution of Massachusetts originally provided that "no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience... provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or obstruct others in their religious worship," (Article II) but also that:

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Jefferson

text: and

text: Madison

text: 's

text: approach

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: taken

text: in

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: Statute

text: of

text: Religious

text: Freedom

text: was

text: drafted

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: a

text: bill

text: chiefly

text: supported

text: by

text: Patrick

text: Henry

text: which

text: would

text: permit

text: any

text: Virginian

text: to

text: belong

text: to

text: any

text: denomination

text: but

text: which

text: would

text: require

text: him

text: to

text: belong

text: to

text: some

text: denomination

text: and

text: pay

text: taxes

text: to

text: support

text: it

text: Similarly

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: originally

text: provided

text: that

text: no

text: subject

text: shall

text: be

text: hurt

text: molested

text: or

text: restrained

text: in

text: his

text: person

text: liberty

text: or

text: estate

text: for

text: worshipping

text: God

text: in

text: the

text: manner

text: and

text: season

text: most

text: agreeable

text: to

text: the

text: dictates

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: conscience

text: provided

text: he

text: doth

text: not

text: disturb

text: the

text: public

text: peace

text: or

text: obstruct

text: others

text: in

text: their

text: religious

text: worship

text: Article

text: II

text: but

text: also

text: that

question: What approach was not the only one taken in the 18th century?

answer: Jefferson and Madison's

text: Jefferson and Madison's

question: What did Jefferson draft his Statute of Religious Freedom in opposition to?

answer: a bill

text: a bill

question: Who was the chief supporter of the bill that got Jefferson motivated to draft his Statute?

answer: Patrick Henry

text: Patrick Henry

question: What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support?

answer: some denomination

text: some denomination

question: What did the Constitution of Massachusetts express no one would be restrained from doing?

answer: worshipping God

text: worshipping God


text: Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard. DOPMA also establishes limits on the number of officers that can serve at any given time in the Air Force. Currently, promotion from second lieutenant to first lieutenant is virtually guaranteed after two years of satisfactory service. The promotion from first lieutenant to captain is competitive after successfully completing another two years of service, with a selection rate varying between 99% and 100%. Promotion to major through major general is through a formal selection board process, while promotions to lieutenant general and general are contingent upon nomination to specific general officer positions and subject to U.S. Senate approval.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Air

text: Force

text: officer

text: promotions

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Defense

text: Officer

text: Personnel

text: Management

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: its

text: companion

text: Reserve

text: Officer

text: Personnel

text: Management

text: Act

text: ROPMA

text: for

text: officers

text: in

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Reserve

text: and

text: the

text: Air

text: National

text: Guard

text: DOPMA

text: also

text: establishes

text: limits

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: officers

text: that

text: can

text: serve

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Currently

text: promotion

text: from

text: second

text: lieutenant

text: to

text: first

text: lieutenant

text: is

text: virtually

text: guaranteed

text: after

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: satisfactory

text: service

text: The

text: promotion

text: from

text: first

text: lieutenant

text: to

text: captain

text: is

text: competitive

text: after

text: successfully

text: completing

text: another

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: service

text: with

text: a

text: selection

text: rate

text: varying

text: between

text: and

text: Promotion

text: to

text: major

text: through

text: major

text: general

text: is

text: through

text: a

text: formal

text: selection

text: board

text: process

text: while

text: promotions

text: to

text: lieutenant

text: general

text: and

text: general

text: are

text: contingent

text: upon

text: nomination

text: to

text: specific

text: general

text: officer

text: positions

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: approval

question: Was does ROPMA stand for in the USAF?

answer: Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act

text: Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act

question: What are Air Force Officer promotions overseen by?

answer: Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980

text: Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980

question: How long does it usually take to be promoted from second to first lieutenant in the USAF?

answer: virtually guaranteed after two years

text: virtually guaranteed after two years

question: Who establishes limits on the amount of Air Force officers?

answer: DOPMA

text: DOPMA

question: What promotion in the USAF is governed by a formal selection process?

answer: Promotion to major through major general

text: Promotion to major through major general


text: Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Bantu

text: speaking

text: peoples

text: who

text: founded

text: tribes

text: during

text: the

text: Bantu

text: expansions

text: largely

text: displaced

text: and

text: absorbed

text: the

text: earliest

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: Pygmy

text: people

text: about

text: BC

text: The

text: Bakongo

text: a

text: Bantu

text: ethnic

text: group

text: that

text: also

text: occupied

text: parts

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Angola

text: Gabon

text: and

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: ethnic

text: affinities

text: and

text: rivalries

text: among

text: those

text: countries

text: Several

text: Bantu

text: kingdoms

text: notably

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Kongo

text: the

text: Loango

text: and

text: the

text: Teke

text: built

text: trade

text: links

text: leading

text: into

text: the

text: Congo

text: River

text: basin

question: What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes?

answer: Pygmy

text: Pygmy

question: When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people?

answer: 1500 BC

text: 1500 BC

question: The Bakongo were a group derived from which tribes?

answer: Bantu

text: Bantu


text: BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City, while its parent organization, the Church Educational System (CES), sponsors sister schools in Hawaii and Idaho. The university's primary focus is on undergraduate education, but it also has 68 master's and 25 doctoral degree programs.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: BYU

text: offers

text: programs

text: in

text: liberal

text: arts

text: engineering

text: agriculture

text: management

text: physical

text: and

text: mathematical

text: sciences

text: nursing

text: and

text: law

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: broadly

text: organized

text: into

text: colleges

text: or

text: schools

text: at

text: its

text: main

text: Provo

text: campus

text: with

text: certain

text: colleges

text: and

text: divisions

text: defining

text: their

text: own

text: admission

text: standards

text: The

text: university

text: also

text: administers

text: two

text: satellite

text: campuses

text: one

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: one

text: in

text: Salt

text: Lake

text: City

text: while

text: its

text: parent

text: organization

text: the

text: Church

text: Educational

text: System

text: CES

text: sponsors

text: sister

text: schools

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: Idaho

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: primary

text: focus

text: is

text: on

text: undergraduate

text: education

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: master

text: 's

text: and

text: doctoral

text: degree

text: programs

question: What is BYU's main focal point?

answer: undergraduate education

text: undergraduate education

question: What foreign city holds a branch campus of BYU?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem

question: What institution controls BYU?

answer: Church Educational System

text: Church Educational System

question: Where are BYU's sibling schools located?

answer: Hawaii and Idaho

text: Hawaii and Idaho

question: How many master's programs does BYU have?

answer: 68

question: How many colleges make up BYU at its main campus?

answer: 11

question: How many satellite campuses are run by BYU?

answer: two

text: two

question: What is BYU's parent organization?

answer: the Church Educational System (CES)

text: the Church Educational System (CES)

question: Where does CES sponsor BYU's sister schools?

answer: Hawaii and Idaho

text: Hawaii and Idaho


text: Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script. The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script. In East India, the Bengali alphabet, and, later, the Odia alphabet, were used.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: Brahmi

text: evolved

text: into

text: a

text: multiplicity

text: of

text: Brahmic

text: scripts

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: write

text: Sanskrit

text: Roughly

text: contemporary

text: with

text: the

text: Brahmi

text: Kharosthi

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: Sometime

text: between

text: the

text: fourth

text: and

text: eighth

text: centuries

text: the

text: Gupta

text: script

text: derived

text: from

text: Brahmi

text: became

text: prevalent

text: Around

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: the

text: Śāradā

text: script

text: evolved

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Gupta

text: script

text: The

text: latter

text: was

text: displaced

text: in

text: its

text: turn

text: by

text: Devanagari

text: in

text: the

text: or

text: century

text: with

text: intermediary

text: stages

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Siddhaṃ

text: script

text: In

text: East

text: India

text: the

text: Bengali

text: alphabet

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Odia

text: alphabet

text: were

text: used

question: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?

answer: between the fourth and eighth centuries

text: between the fourth and eighth centuries

question: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?

answer: Kharosthi

text: Kharosthi

question: Which script evolved from the Gupta script in the 8th century?

answer: Śāradā

text: Śāradā

question: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?

answer: 11th or 12th century

text: 11th or 12th century

question: Which script replaced the Gupta script?

answer: Devanagari

text: Devanagari

question: What were used to write Sanskrit?

answer: Brahmic scripts

text: Brahmic scripts

question: Between the forth and eighth century, what script evolved?

answer: Gupta

text: Gupta

question: What script was used in the northwest of India?

answer: Kharosthi

text: Kharosthi

question: From what was Gupta derived?

answer: Brahmi

text: Brahmi

question: What script evolved from the Gupta script?

answer: Śāradā

text: Śāradā


text: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time; in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas. These teams still wear those designs to this day.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Arsenal

text: 's

text: home

text: colours

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: inspiration

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: other

text: clubs

text: In

text: Sparta

text: Prague

text: adopted

text: a

text: dark

text: red

text: kit

text: like

text: the

text: one

text: Arsenal

text: wore

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: in

text: Hibernian

text: adopted

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Arsenal

text: shirt

text: sleeves

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: green

text: and

text: white

text: strip

text: In

text: Sporting

text: Clube

text: de

text: Braga

text: 's

text: manager

text: returned

text: from

text: a

text: game

text: at

text: Highbury

text: and

text: changed

text: his

text: team

text: 's

text: green

text: kit

text: to

text: a

text: duplicate

text: of

text: Arsenal

text: 's

text: red

text: with

text: white

text: sleeves

text: and

text: shorts

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: nickname

text: of

text: Os

text: Arsenalistas

text: These

text: teams

text: still

text: wear

text: those

text: designs

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: What early team copied the Arsenal's red current color in 1909?

answer: Sparta Prague

text: Sparta Prague

question: What team in 1938 used the same style of kit, but in green?

answer: Hibernian

text: Hibernian

question: By coping the Arsenal team kit exactly, what nickname was given to Sporting Clube de Braga?

answer: Os Arsenalistas

text: Os Arsenalistas

question: For how long have the Arsenal inspired copy-cat clubs worn their uniforms?

answer: to this day

text: to this day

question: What was Sporting Clube de Braga's original color?

answer: green

text: green


text: Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption. The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage).

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Today

text: Estonian

text: society

text: encourages

text: liberty

text: and

text: liberalism

text: with

text: popular

text: commitment

text: to

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: limited

text: government

text: discouraging

text: centralised

text: power

text: and

text: corruption

text: The

text: Protestant

text: work

text: ethic

text: remains

text: a

text: significant

text: cultural

text: staple

text: and

text: free

text: education

text: is

text: a

text: highly

text: prized

text: institution

text: Like

text: the

text: mainstream

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: Estonian

text: culture

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: to

text: build

text: upon

text: the

text: ascetic

text: environmental

text: realities

text: and

text: traditional

text: livelihoods

text: a

text: heritage

text: of

text: comparatively

text: widespread

text: egalitarianism

text: out

text: of

text: practical

text: reasons

text: see

text: Everyman

text: 's

text: right

text: and

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: and

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: closeness

text: to

text: nature

text: and

text: self

text: sufficiency

text: see

text: summer

text: cottage

question: What virtues does modern Estonian society promote?

answer: liberty and liberalism

text: liberty and liberalism

question: What size and power of government is popular in Estonia?

answer: limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption

text: limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption

question: What is a highly prized fixture of Estonian society?

answer: free education

text: free education

question: What ideal does Estonia hold towards the environment?

answer: closeness to nature

text: closeness to nature


text: DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations. Taken together, they account for 95% of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool. Only (0.7%) fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of all major European haplogroups, which were characterized by similar patterns of distribution in Poles and Russians. An analysis of the DNA did not reveal any specific combinations of unique mtDNA haplotypes and their subclusters. The DNA clearly shows that both Poles and Russians are not different from the neighbouring European populations.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: DNA

text: samples

text: from

text: Russians

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosomes

text: analyzed

text: all

text: except

text: fall

text: into

text: seven

text: major

text: haplogroups

text: all

text: characteristic

text: to

text: West

text: Eurasian

text: populations

text: Taken

text: together

text: they

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Russian

text: Y

text: chromosomal

text: pool

text: Only

text: fell

text: into

text: haplogroups

text: that

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: East

text: and

text: South

text: Asian

text: populations

text: Mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: mtDNA

text: examined

text: in

text: Poles

text: and

text: Russians

text: revealed

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: all

text: major

text: European

text: haplogroups

text: which

text: were

text: characterized

text: by

text: similar

text: patterns

text: of

text: distribution

text: in

text: Poles

text: and

text: Russians

text: An

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: did

text: not

text: reveal

text: any

text: specific

text: combinations

text: of

text: unique

text: mtDNA

text: haplotypes

text: and

text: their

text: subclusters

text: The

text: DNA

text: clearly

text: shows

text: that

text: both

text: Poles

text: and

text: Russians

text: are

text: not

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: European

text: populations

question: DNA from how many Russians show that the Y chromosomes fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations?

answer: 1228

question: DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to what populations?

answer: West Eurasian

text: West Eurasian

question: Taken together, they account for what percentage of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool?

answer: 95%

question: What percentage fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations?

answer: 0.7%

question: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of what major haplogroups?

answer: European

text: European


text: Nutritionism is the view that excessive reliance on food science and the study of nutrition can lead to poor nutrition and to ill health. It was originally credited to Gyorgy Scrinis, and was popularized by Michael Pollan. Since nutrients are invisible, policy makers rely on nutrition experts to advise on food choices. Because science has an incomplete understanding of how food affects the human body, Pollan argues, nutritionism can be blamed for many of the health problems relating to diet in the Western World today.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Nutritionism

text: is

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: excessive

text: reliance

text: on

text: food

text: science

text: and

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: nutrition

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: poor

text: nutrition

text: and

text: to

text: ill

text: health

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: credited

text: to

text: Gyorgy

text: Scrinis

text: and

text: was

text: popularized

text: by

text: Michael

text: Pollan

text: Since

text: nutrients

text: are

text: invisible

text: policy

text: makers

text: rely

text: on

text: nutrition

text: experts

text: to

text: advise

text: on

text: food

text: choices

text: Because

text: science

text: has

text: an

text: incomplete

text: understanding

text: of

text: how

text: food

text: affects

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: Pollan

text: argues

text: nutritionism

text: can

text: be

text: blamed

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: health

text: problems

text: relating

text: to

text: diet

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: World

text: today

question: What is the term that refers to a viewpoint that believes a reliance on food science is a cause of poor nutrition and ill health?

answer: Nutritionism

text: Nutritionism

question: Who is originally claimed to have given birth to the concept of nutritionism?

answer: Gyorgy Scrinis

text: Gyorgy Scrinis

question: Although he was not the creator of the concept, who popularized the idea of nutritionism?

answer: Michael Pollan

text: Michael Pollan

question: Who has to rely on nutrition experts when it comes to making decisions regarding food and nutritional values?

answer: policy makers

text: policy makers

question: Which region of the world does Pollan claim could trace their health problems back to nutritionism?

answer: Western World

text: Western World


text: In terms of impact on events, it was more than Napoleon's personality that took effect. He reorganized France itself to supply the men and money needed for great wars. Above all he inspired his men—Wellington said his presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers, for he inspired confidence from privates to field marshals. He also unnerved the enemy. At the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806, King Frederick William III of Prussia outnumbered the French by 63,000 to 27,000; however, when he mistakenly was told that Napoleon was in command, he ordered a hasty retreat that turned into a rout. The force of his personality neutralized material difficulties as his soldiers fought with the confidence that with Napoleon in charge they would surely win.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: impact

text: on

text: events

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: personality

text: that

text: took

text: effect

text: He

text: reorganized

text: France

text: itself

text: to

text: supply

text: the

text: men

text: and

text: money

text: needed

text: for

text: great

text: wars

text: Above

text: all

text: he

text: inspired

text: his

text: men

text: Wellington

text: said

text: his

text: presence

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: was

text: worth

text: soldiers

text: for

text: he

text: inspired

text: confidence

text: from

text: privates

text: to

text: field

text: marshals

text: He

text: also

text: unnerved

text: the

text: enemy

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Auerstadt

text: in

text: King

text: Frederick

text: William

text: III

text: of

text: Prussia

text: outnumbered

text: the

text: French

text: by

text: to

text: however

text: when

text: he

text: mistakenly

text: was

text: told

text: that

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: in

text: command

text: he

text: ordered

text: a

text: hasty

text: retreat

text: that

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: rout

text: The

text: force

text: of

text: his

text: personality

text: neutralized

text: material

text: difficulties

text: as

text: his

text: soldiers

text: fought

text: with

text: the

text: confidence

text: that

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: in

text: charge

text: they

text: would

text: surely

text: win

question: What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars?

answer: France

text: France

question: How many soldiers did Wellington believe Napoleon's presence on the field was worth?

answer: 40,000

question: Who said that Napoleon's presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers?

answer: Wellington

text: Wellington

question: In what year did the Battle of Auerstadt take place?

answer: 1806

question: Who led the Prussian forces that outnumbered Napoleon at the Battle of Auerstadt?

answer: King Frederick William III

text: King Frederick William III