text: Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Depending

text: on

text: which

text: component

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: being

text: assessed

text: and

text: referenced

text: different

text: conclusions

text: can

text: be

text: drawn

text: about

text: the

text: prevalence

text: rate

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: which

text: has

text: real

text: world

text: consequences

text: Knowing

text: how

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: homosexual

text: individuals

text: influences

text: how

text: this

text: population

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: or

text: treated

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: government

text: bodies

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: homosexual

text: individuals

text: constitute

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: they

text: are

text: politically

text: easier

text: to

text: ignore

text: or

text: than

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: constituency

text: that

text: surpasses

text: most

text: ethnic

text: and

text: ad

text: minority

text: groups

text: If

text: the

text: number

text: is

text: relatively

text: minor

text: then

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: argue

text: for

text: community

text: based

text: same

text: sex

text: programs

text: and

text: services

text: mass

text: media

text: inclusion

text: of

text: gay

text: role

text: models

text: or

text: Gay

text: Straight

text: Alliances

text: in

text: schools

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: in

text: the

text: Bruce

text: Voeller

text: the

text: chair

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Gay

text: and

text: Lesbian

text: Task

text: Force

text: perpetuated

text: a

text: common

text: myth

text: that

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: is

text: for

text: the

text: whole

text: population

text: by

text: averaging

text: a

text: number

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: for

text: women

text: Voeller

text: generalized

text: this

text: finding

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: gay

text: rights

text: movement

text: to

text: convince

text: politicians

text: and

text: the

text: public

text: that

text: we

text: gays

text: and

text: lesbians

text: are

text: everywhere

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?

answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population

text: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population

question: What were the calculations of this myth?

answer: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

text: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?

answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere

text: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere

question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?

answer: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

text: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

question: What does knowing the sexual population influence?

answer: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

text: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?

answer: Bruce Voeller

text: Bruce Voeller

question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?

answer: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

text: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?

answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

text: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women


text: In July 2010, Governor Chris Christie announced that a state takeover of the city and local government "was imminent". Comparing regulations in Atlantic City to an "antique car", Atlantic City regulatory reform is a key piece of Gov. Chris Christie's plan, unveiled on July 22, to reinvigorate an industry mired in a four-year slump in revenue and hammered by fresh competition from casinos in the surrounding states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and more recently, Maryland. In January 2011, Chris Christie announced the Atlantic City Tourism District, a state-run district encompassing the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field. Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind poll surveyed New Jersey voters' attitudes on the takeover. The February 16, 2011 survey showed that 43% opposed the measure while 29% favored direct state oversight. Interestingly, the poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: In

text: July

text: Governor

text: Chris

text: Christie

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: state

text: takeover

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: local

text: government

text: was

text: imminent

text: Comparing

text: regulations

text: in

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: to

text: an

text: antique

text: car

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: regulatory

text: reform

text: is

text: a

text: key

text: piece

text: of

text: Gov.

text: Chris

text: Christie

text: 's

text: plan

text: unveiled

text: on

text: July

text: to

text: reinvigorate

text: an

text: industry

text: mired

text: in

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: slump

text: in

text: revenue

text: and

text: hammered

text: by

text: fresh

text: competition

text: from

text: casinos

text: in

text: the

text: surrounding

text: states

text: of

text: Delaware

text: Pennsylvania

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: Maryland

text: In

text: January

text: Chris

text: Christie

text: announced

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Tourism

text: District

text: a

text: state

text: run

text: district

text: encompassing

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: casinos

text: the

text: marina

text: casinos

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Outlets

text: and

text: Bader

text: Field

text: Fairleigh

text: Dickinson

text: University

text: 's

text: PublicMind

text: poll

text: surveyed

text: New

text: Jersey

text: voters

text: attitudes

text: on

text: the

text: takeover

text: The

text: February

text: survey

text: showed

text: that

text: opposed

text: the

text: measure

text: while

text: favored

text: direct

text: state

text: oversight

text: Interestingly

text: the

text: poll

text: also

text: found

text: that

text: even

text: South

text: Jersey

text: voters

text: expressed

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: plan

text: reported

text: they

text: opposed

text: the

text: measure

text: and

text: reported

text: they

text: were

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: it

question: In 2010, who stated that a state takeover of the city and local government of Atlantic City was imminent?

answer: Governor Chris Christie

text: Governor Chris Christie

question: What item were the regulations in Atlantic City compared to?

answer: antique car

text: antique car

question: What was the name of the district that would encompass the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field?

answer: Atlantic City Tourism District

text: Atlantic City Tourism District

question: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters opposed the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?

answer: 43%

question: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters favored the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?

answer: 29%


text: Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Polytechnics

text: were

text: tertiary

text: education

text: teaching

text: institutions

text: in

text: England

text: Wales

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Since

text: UK

text: Polytechnics

text: operated

text: under

text: the

text: binary

text: system

text: of

text: education

text: along

text: with

text: universities

text: Polytechnics

text: offered

text: diplomas

text: and

text: degrees

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: master

text: 's

text: PhD

text: validated

text: at

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: by

text: the

text: UK

text: Council

text: for

text: National

text: Academic

text: Awards

text: CNAA

text: They

text: particularly

text: excelled

text: in

text: engineering

text: and

text: applied

text: science

text: degree

text: courses

text: similar

text: to

text: technological

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: and

text: continental

text: Europe

text: The

text: comparable

text: institutions

text: in

text: Scotland

text: were

text: collectively

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Central

text: Institutions

text: Britain

text: 's

text: first

text: Polytechnic

text: the

text: Royal

text: Polytechnic

text: Institution

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Polytechnic

text: of

text: Central

text: London

text: now

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Westminster

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: at

text: Regent

text: Street

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: its

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: educate

text: and

text: popularize

text: engineering

text: and

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: and

text: inventions

text: in

text: Victorian

text: Britain

text: at

text: little

text: expense

text: The

text: London

text: Polytechnic

text: led

text: a

text: mass

text: movement

text: to

text: create

text: numerous

text: Polytechnic

text: institutes

text: across

text: the

text: UK

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Century

text: Most

text: Polytechnic

text: institutes

text: were

text: established

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: major

text: metropolitan

text: cities

text: and

text: their

text: focus

text: was

text: on

text: engineering

text: applied

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: education

question: What year did UK polytechnics start functioning in a binary education system?

answer: 1970

question: What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools?

answer: the UK Council for National Academic Awards

text: the UK Council for National Academic Awards

question: What two-word term does Scotland use to describe their technological universities?

answer: Central Institutions

text: Central Institutions

question: What was the first polytechnic in Britain originally named?

answer: Royal Polytechnic Institution

text: Royal Polytechnic Institution


text: Following the Protestant Reformation, promoted by local reformer Martin Bucer, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property. Many accepted without discrimination Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists. Multiconfessional villages appeared, particularly in the region of Alsace bossue. Alsace became one of the French regions boasting a thriving Jewish community, and the only region with a noticeable Anabaptist population. The schism of the Amish under the lead of Jacob Amman from the Mennonites occurred in 1693 in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. The strongly Catholic Louis XIV tried in vain to drive them from Alsace. When Napoleon imposed military conscription without religious exception, most emigrated to the American continent.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Following

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: promoted

text: by

text: local

text: reformer

text: Martin

text: Bucer

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: cuius

text: regio

text: eius

text: religio

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: religious

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: highlands

text: of

text: northern

text: Alsace

text: Landowners

text: who

text: as

text: local

text: lords

text: had

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: decide

text: which

text: religion

text: was

text: allowed

text: on

text: their

text: land

text: were

text: eager

text: to

text: entice

text: populations

text: from

text: the

text: more

text: attractive

text: lowlands

text: to

text: settle

text: and

text: develop

text: their

text: property

text: Many

text: accepted

text: without

text: discrimination

text: Catholics

text: Lutherans

text: Calvinists

text: Jews

text: and

text: Anabaptists

text: Multiconfessional

text: villages

text: appeared

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Alsace

text: bossue

text: Alsace

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: regions

text: boasting

text: a

text: thriving

text: Jewish

text: community

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: region

text: with

text: a

text: noticeable

text: Anabaptist

text: population

text: The

text: schism

text: of

text: the

text: Amish

text: under

text: the

text: lead

text: of

text: Jacob

text: Amman

text: from

text: the

text: Mennonites

text: occurred

text: in

text: in

text: Sainte

text: Marie

text: aux

text: Mines

text: The

text: strongly

text: Catholic

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: tried

text: in

text: vain

text: to

text: drive

text: them

text: from

text: Alsace

text: When

text: Napoleon

text: imposed

text: military

text: conscription

text: without

text: religious

text: exception

text: most

text: emigrated

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: continent

question: What were landowners also known as that had a right to decide which religion was allowed on their property?

answer: local lords

text: local lords

question: Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace?

answer: Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists

text: Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists

question: Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace?

answer: Amish

text: Amish


text: Traditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from "non-bilaterian" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to "bilaterian" animals (Bilateria) whose body plans display bilateral symmetry. The latter are further classified based on a major division between Deuterostomes and Protostomes. The relationships among non-bilaterian animals are disputed, but all bilaterian animals are thought to form a monophyletic group. Current understanding of the relationships among the major groups of animals is summarized by the following cladogram:

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Traditional

text: morphological

text: and

text: modern

text: molecular

text: phylogenetic

text: analysis

text: have

text: both

text: recognized

text: a

text: major

text: evolutionary

text: transition

text: from

text: non

text: bilaterian

text: animals

text: which

text: are

text: those

text: lacking

text: a

text: bilaterally

text: symmetric

text: body

text: plan

text: Porifera

text: Ctenophora

text: Cnidaria

text: and

text: Placozoa

text: to

text: bilaterian

text: animals

text: Bilateria

text: whose

text: body

text: plans

text: display

text: bilateral

text: symmetry

text: The

text: latter

text: are

text: further

text: classified

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: major

text: division

text: between

text: Deuterostomes

text: and

text: Protostomes

text: The

text: relationships

text: among

text: non

text: bilaterian

text: animals

text: are

text: disputed

text: but

text: all

text: bilaterian

text: animals

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: monophyletic

text: group

text: Current

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: relationships

text: among

text: the

text: major

text: groups

text: of

text: animals

text: is

text: summarized

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: cladogram

question: What are some examples of non-bilaterian animals?

answer: Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa

text: Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa

question: What are animals whose body plans display bilateral symmetry called?

answer: bilaterian

text: bilaterian

question: Animals in what group are thought to form a monophyletic group?

answer: bilaterian

text: bilaterian


text: Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term, but as with other decisions, he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again. During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955, he huddled with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP's potential candidates; the group, in addition to his doctor, concluded a second term was well advised, and he announced in February 1956 he would run again. Eisenhower was publicly noncommittal about Nixon's repeating as the Vice President on his ticket; the question was an especially important one in light of his heart condition. He personally favored Robert B. Anderson, a Democrat, who rejected his offer; Eisenhower then resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party. In 1956, Eisenhower faced Adlai Stevenson again and won by an even larger landslide, with 457 of 531 electoral votes and 57.6% of the popular vote. The level of campaigning was curtailed out of health considerations.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Initially

text: Eisenhower

text: planned

text: on

text: serving

text: only

text: one

text: term

text: but

text: as

text: with

text: other

text: decisions

text: he

text: maintained

text: a

text: position

text: of

text: maximum

text: flexibility

text: in

text: case

text: leading

text: Republicans

text: wanted

text: him

text: to

text: run

text: again

text: During

text: his

text: recovery

text: from

text: a

text: heart

text: attack

text: late

text: in

text: he

text: huddled

text: with

text: his

text: closest

text: advisors

text: to

text: evaluate

text: the

text: GOP

text: 's

text: potential

text: candidates

text: the

text: group

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: doctor

text: concluded

text: a

text: second

text: term

text: was

text: well

text: advised

text: and

text: he

text: announced

text: in

text: February

text: he

text: would

text: run

text: again

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: publicly

text: noncommittal

text: about

text: Nixon

text: 's

text: repeating

text: as

text: the

text: Vice

text: President

text: on

text: his

text: ticket

text: the

text: question

text: was

text: an

text: especially

text: important

text: one

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: his

text: heart

text: condition

text: He

text: personally

text: favored

text: Robert

text: B.

text: Anderson

text: a

text: Democrat

text: who

text: rejected

text: his

text: offer

text: Eisenhower

text: then

text: resolved

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: matter

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: In

text: Eisenhower

text: faced

text: Adlai

text: Stevenson

text: again

text: and

text: won

text: by

text: an

text: even

text: larger

text: landslide

text: with

text: of

text: electoral

text: votes

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: vote

text: The

text: level

text: of

text: campaigning

text: was

text: curtailed

text: out

text: of

text: health

text: considerations

question: Upon election, how many terms did Eisenhower believe he would serve?

answer: one

text: one

question: In what year did Eisenhower have a heart attack?

answer: 1955

question: When did Eisenhower make an announcement stating that he would run for a second term?

answer: February 1956

text: February 1956

question: Who did Eisenhower want as his 1956 running mate?

answer: Robert B. Anderson

text: Robert B. Anderson

question: Who did Eisenhower defeat in the 1956 presidential election?

answer: Adlai Stevenson

text: Adlai Stevenson


text: Research suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful impact on realization of sexual orientation. Influences of culture may complicate the process of measuring sexual orientation. The majority of empirical and clinical research on LGBT populations are done with largely white, middle-class, well-educated samples, however there are pockets of research that document various other cultural groups, although these are frequently limited in diversity of gender and sexual orientation of the subjects. Integration of sexual orientation with sociocultural identity may be a challenge for LGBT individuals. Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity of sexuality, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role. American culture puts a great emphasis on individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant. In contrast, East Asian cultures put a great emphasis on a person's social role within social hierarchies, and view the self as fluid and malleable. These differing cultural perspectives have many implications on cognitions of the self, including perception of sexual orientation.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Research

text: suggests

text: that

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: independent

text: of

text: cultural

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: influences

text: but

text: that

text: open

text: identification

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: may

text: be

text: hindered

text: by

text: homophobic

text: hetereosexist

text: settings

text: Social

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: language

text: and

text: ethnic

text: traditions

text: can

text: have

text: a

text: powerful

text: impact

text: on

text: realization

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Influences

text: of

text: culture

text: may

text: complicate

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: measuring

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: empirical

text: and

text: clinical

text: research

text: on

text: LGBT

text: populations

text: are

text: done

text: with

text: largely

text: white

text: middle

text: class

text: well

text: educated

text: samples

text: however

text: there

text: are

text: pockets

text: of

text: research

text: that

text: document

text: various

text: other

text: cultural

text: groups

text: although

text: these

text: are

text: frequently

text: limited

text: in

text: diversity

text: of

text: gender

text: and

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: of

text: the

text: subjects

text: Integration

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: with

text: sociocultural

text: identity

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: challenge

text: for

text: LGBT

text: individuals

text: Individuals

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: consider

text: their

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: to

text: define

text: their

text: sexual

text: identity

text: as

text: they

text: may

text: experience

text: various

text: degrees

text: of

text: fluidity

text: of

text: sexuality

text: or

text: may

text: simply

text: identify

text: more

text: strongly

text: with

text: another

text: aspect

text: of

text: their

text: identity

text: such

text: as

text: family

text: role

text: American

text: culture

text: puts

text: a

text: great

text: emphasis

text: on

text: individual

text: attributes

text: and

text: views

text: the

text: self

text: as

text: unchangeable

text: and

text: constant

text: In

text: contrast

text: East

text: Asian

text: cultures

text: put

text: a

text: great

text: emphasis

text: on

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: social

text: role

text: within

text: social

text: hierarchies

text: and

text: view

text: the

text: self

text: as

text: fluid

text: and

text: malleable

text: These

text: differing

text: cultural

text: perspectives

text: have

text: many

text: implications

text: on

text: cognitions

text: of

text: the

text: self

text: including

text: perception

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

question: What does research show about sexual orientation?

answer: is independent of cultural and other social influences

text: is independent of cultural and other social influences

question: What can being openly gay be hindered by?

answer: homophobic/hetereosexist settings.

text: homophobic/hetereosexist settings.

question: What group of the LGBT community are the most researched?

answer: white, middle-class, well-educated

text: white, middle-class, well-educated

question: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?

answer: religion, language and ethnic traditions

text: religion, language and ethnic traditions

question: What does the american culture put a large emphasis on?

answer: individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant.

text: individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant.


text: After the success of his song "Jesus Walks" from the album The College Dropout, West was questioned on his beliefs and said, "I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior. And I will say that I fall short every day." More recently, in September 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during one of his concerts.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: After

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: his

text: song

text: Jesus

text: Walks

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: West

text: was

text: questioned

text: on

text: his

text: beliefs

text: and

text: said

text: I

text: will

text: say

text: that

text: I

text: 'm

text: spiritual

text: I

text: have

text: accepted

text: Jesus

text: as

text: my

text: Savior

text: And

text: I

text: will

text: say

text: that

text: I

text: fall

text: short

text: every

text: day

text: More

text: recently

text: in

text: September

text: West

text: referred

text: to

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: Christian

text: during

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: concerts

question: What are Kanye's religious beliefs?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: "Jesus Walks" was on which of Kanye's albums?

answer: The College Dropout

text: The College Dropout

question: September of 2014, Kanye called himself a what during one of his concerts?

answer: Christian

text: Christian


text: The most important Galician fishing port is the Port of Vigo; It is one of the world's leading fishing ports, second only to Tokyo, with an annual catch worth 1,500 million euros. In 2007 the port took in 732,951 metric tons (721,375 long tons; 807,940 short tons) of fish and seafood, and about 4,000,000 metric tons (3,900,000 long tons; 4,400,000 short tons) of other cargoes. Other important ports are Ferrol, A Coruña, and the smaller ports of Marín and Vilagarcía de Arousa, as well as important recreational ports in Pontevedra and Burela. Beyond these, Galicia has 120 other organized ports.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: Galician

text: fishing

text: port

text: is

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Vigo

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: leading

text: fishing

text: ports

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: Tokyo

text: with

text: an

text: annual

text: catch

text: worth

text: million

text: euros

text: In

text: the

text: port

text: took

text: in

text: metric

text: tons

text: long

text: tons

text: short

text: tons

text: of

text: fish

text: and

text: seafood

text: and

text: about

text: metric

text: tons

text: long

text: tons

text: short

text: tons

text: of

text: other

text: cargoes

text: Other

text: important

text: ports

text: are

text: Ferrol

text: A

text: Coruña

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: ports

text: of

text: Marín

text: and

text: Vilagarcía

text: de

text: Arousa

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: important

text: recreational

text: ports

text: in

text: Pontevedra

text: and

text: Burela

text: Beyond

text: these

text: Galicia

text: has

text: other

text: organized

text: ports

question: Which port is Galicia's most important?

answer: Vigo

text: Vigo

question: Which Japanese fishing port is Galicia's second to?

answer: Tokyo

text: Tokyo

question: Aside from the larger ports, roughly how many other organized ports are there?

answer: 120


text: This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: This

text: credit

text: freeze

text: brought

text: the

text: global

text: financial

text: system

text: to

text: the

text: brink

text: of

text: collapse

text: The

text: response

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: other

text: central

text: banks

text: was

text: immediate

text: and

text: dramatic

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: quarter

text: of

text: these

text: central

text: banks

text: purchased

text: US$

text: trillion

text: of

text: government

text: debt

text: and

text: troubled

text: private

text: assets

text: from

text: banks

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: liquidity

text: injection

text: into

text: the

text: credit

text: market

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: monetary

text: policy

text: action

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: Following

text: a

text: model

text: initiated

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: bank

text: rescue

text: package

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: European

text: nations

text: and

text: the

text: USA

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: debt

text: issued

text: by

text: their

text: banks

text: and

text: raised

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: their

text: national

text: banking

text: systems

text: ultimately

text: purchasing

text: trillion

text: newly

text: issued

text: preferred

text: stock

text: in

text: their

text: major

text: banks

text: In

text: October

text: Nobel

text: laureate

text: Joseph

text: Stiglitz

text: explained

text: how

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: was

text: implementing

text: another

text: monetary

text: policy

text: —creating

text: currency—

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: to

text: combat

text: the

text: liquidity

text: trap

text: By

text: creating

text: billion

text: and

text: inserting[clarification

text: needed

text: this

text: directly

text: into

text: banks

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: intended

text: to

text: spur

text: banks

text: to

text: finance

text: more

text: domestic

text: loans

text: and

text: refinance

text: mortgages

text: However

text: banks

text: instead

text: were

text: spending

text: the

text: money

text: in

text: more

text: profitable

text: areas

text: by

text: investing

text: internationally

text: in

text: emerging

text: markets

text: Banks

text: were

text: also

text: investing

text: in

text: foreign

text: currencies

text: which

text: Stiglitz

text: and

text: others

text: point

text: out

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: currency

text: wars

text: while

text: China

text: redirects

text: its

text: currency

text: holdings

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?

answer: credit freeze

text: credit freeze

question: How much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008?

answer: US$2.5 trillion

text: US$2.5 trillion

question: How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks?

answer: $1.5 trillion

text: $1.5 trillion

question: In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?

answer: Joseph Stiglitz

text: Joseph Stiglitz

question: What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?

answer: investing internationally in emerging markets

text: investing internationally in emerging markets


text: Less than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is "firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world". For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile). "On the tree of life, based on analyses of small-subunit ribosomal RNA, visible life consists of barely noticeable twigs. The inverse relationship of size and population recurs higher on the evolutionary ladder—"to a first approximation, all multicellular species on Earth are insects". Insect extinction rates are high—supporting the Holocene extinction hypothesis.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Less

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: species

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: described

text: have

text: been

text: studied

text: beyond

text: simply

text: noting

text: their

text: existence

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: species

text: are

text: microbial

text: Contemporary

text: biodiversity

text: physics

text: is

text: firmly

text: fixated

text: on

text: the

text: visible

text: macroscopic

text: world

text: For

text: example

text: microbial

text: life

text: is

text: metabolically

text: and

text: environmentally

text: more

text: diverse

text: than

text: multicellular

text: life

text: see

text: e.g.

text: extremophile

text: On

text: the

text: tree

text: of

text: life

text: based

text: on

text: analyses

text: of

text: small

text: subunit

text: ribosomal

text: RNA

text: visible

text: life

text: consists

text: of

text: barely

text: noticeable

text: twigs

text: The

text: inverse

text: relationship

text: of

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: recurs

text: higher

text: on

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: ladder—"to

text: a

text: first

text: approximation

text: all

text: multicellular

text: species

text: on

text: Earth

text: are

text: insects

text: Insect

text: extinction

text: rates

text: are

text: high

text: supporting

text: the

text: Holocene

text: extinction

text: hypothesis

question: What type of science is firmly fixated on the visible world?

answer: Contemporary biodiversity physics

text: Contemporary biodiversity physics

question: What type of life is more metabolically diverse than multicellular life?

answer: microbial life

text: microbial life

question: What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?

answer: microbial life

text: microbial life

question: What rate supports the Holocene extinction hypothesis?

answer: Insect extinction rates

text: Insect extinction rates


text: From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to build naval arsenals, such as Yokosuka and Nagasaki. By the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the Japanese navy of the shogun already possessed eight western-style steam warships around the flagship Kaiyō Maru, which were used against pro-imperial forces during the Boshin war, under the command of Admiral Enomoto. A French Military Mission to Japan (1867) was established to help modernize the armies of the Bakufu.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: From

text: the

text: samurai

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: navy

text: were

text: modernized

text: A

text: Naval

text: training

text: school

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Nagasaki

text: in

text: Naval

text: students

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: study

text: in

text: Western

text: naval

text: schools

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: starting

text: a

text: tradition

text: of

text: foreign

text: educated

text: future

text: leaders

text: such

text: as

text: Admiral

text: Enomoto

text: French

text: naval

text: engineers

text: were

text: hired

text: to

text: build

text: naval

text: arsenals

text: such

text: as

text: Yokosuka

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: shogunate

text: in

text: the

text: Japanese

text: navy

text: of

text: the

text: shogun

text: already

text: possessed

text: eight

text: western

text: style

text: steam

text: warships

text: around

text: the

text: flagship

text: Kaiyō

text: Maru

text: which

text: were

text: used

text: against

text: pro

text: imperial

text: forces

text: during

text: the

text: Boshin

text: war

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Admiral

text: Enomoto

text: A

text: French

text: Military

text: Mission

text: to

text: Japan

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: help

text: modernize

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: the

text: Bakufu

question: When was the samurai military modernized?

answer: 1854

question: Where did Japan open a military school in 1855?

answer: Nagasaki

text: Nagasaki

question: What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855?

answer: Naval

text: Naval

question: What nationality of engineers did Japan hire to build naval arsenals?

answer: tradition

text: tradition

question: How many steam warships did Japan have in 1867?

answer: eight

text: eight


text: The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: The

text: disadvantage

text: of

text: the

text: ski

text: jump

text: is

text: the

text: penalty

text: it

text: exacts

text: on

text: aircraft

text: size

text: payload

text: and

text: fuel

text: load

text: and

text: thus

text: range

text: heavily

text: laden

text: aircraft

text: can

text: not

text: launch

text: using

text: a

text: ski

text: jump

text: because

text: their

text: high

text: loaded

text: weight

text: requires

text: either

text: a

text: longer

text: takeoff

text: roll

text: than

text: is

text: possible

text: on

text: a

text: carrier

text: deck

text: or

text: assistance

text: from

text: a

text: catapult

text: or

text: JATO

text: rocket

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Russian

text: is

text: only

text: able

text: to

text: launch

text: from

text: the

text: carrier

text: Admiral

text: Kuznetsov

text: with

text: a

text: minimal

text: armament

text: and

text: fuel

text: load

text: Another

text: disadvantage

text: is

text: on

text: mixed

text: flight

text: deck

text: operations

text: where

text: helicopters

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: US

text: Landing

text: Helicopter

text: Dock

text: or

text: Landing

text: Helicopter

text: Assault

text: amphibious

text: assault

text: ship

text: a

text: ski

text: jump

text: is

text: not

text: included

text: as

text: this

text: would

text: eliminate

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: helicopter

text: landing

text: areas

text: this

text: flat

text: deck

text: limits

text: the

text: loading

text: of

text: Harriers

text: but

text: is

text: somewhat

text: mitigated

text: by

text: the

text: longer

text: rolling

text: start

text: provided

text: by

text: a

text: long

text: flight

text: deck

text: compared

text: to

text: many

text: STOVL

text: carriers

question: What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump?

answer: the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load

text: the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load

question: What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?

answer: heavily laden aircraft

text: heavily laden aircraft

question: What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?

answer: a catapult or JATO rocket

text: a catapult or JATO rocket

question: Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?

answer: would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas

text: would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas

question: How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?

answer: with a minimal armament and fuel load

text: with a minimal armament and fuel load


text: The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: The

text: CBSE

text: Central

text: Board

text: of

text: Secondary

text: Education

text: of

text: India

text: along

text: with

text: several

text: other

text: state

text: education

text: boards

text: has

text: made

text: Sanskrit

text: an

text: alternative

text: option

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: own

text: official

text: language

text: as

text: a

text: second

text: or

text: third

text: language

text: choice

text: in

text: the

text: schools

text: it

text: governs

text: In

text: such

text: schools

text: learning

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: an

text: option

text: for

text: grades

text: to

text: Classes

text: V

text: to

text: VIII

text: This

text: is

text: true

text: of

text: most

text: schools

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: ICSE

text: board

text: especially

text: in

text: those

text: states

text: where

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Hindi

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: also

text: taught

text: in

text: traditional

text: gurukulas

text: throughout

text: India

question: To what has the Central Board of Education of India relegated Sanskrit?

answer: alternative option

text: alternative option

question: Where has the Education Board ranked Sanskrit as a language option?

answer: second or third

text: second or third

question: What grades in Indian schools have an option for Sanskrit study?

answer: 5 to 8

text: 5 to 8

question: In what language states is Sanskrit considered an option?

answer: Hindi

text: Hindi

question: In what other type of schools is Sanskrit also taught?

answer: gurukulas

text: gurukulas


text: In the 1980s green became the color of a number of new European political parties organized around an agenda of environmentalism. Green was chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The largest green party in Europe is Alliance '90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) in Germany, which was formed in 1993 from the merger of the German Green Party, founded in West Germany in 1980, and Alliance 90, founded during the Revolution of 1989–1990 in East Germany. In the 2009 federal elections, the party won 10.7% of the votes and 68 out of 622 seats in the Bundestag.

title: Green

title: Green

text: In

text: the

text: green

text: became

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: European

text: political

text: parties

text: organized

text: around

text: an

text: agenda

text: of

text: environmentalism

text: Green

text: was

text: chosen

text: for

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: nature

text: health

text: and

text: growth

text: The

text: largest

text: green

text: party

text: in

text: Europe

text: is

text: Alliance

text: Greens

text: German

text: Bündnis

text: Grünen

text: in

text: Germany

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Green

text: Party

text: founded

text: in

text: West

text: Germany

text: in

text: and

text: Alliance

text: founded

text: during

text: the

text: Revolution

text: of

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: In

text: the

text: federal

text: elections

text: the

text: party

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: votes

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: Bundestag

question: What is the largest green party in Europe?

answer: Alliance '90/The Greens

text: Alliance '90/The Greens

question: Why was green chosen for a number of new European political parties in the 1980s?

answer: environmentalism

text: environmentalism

question: When was the German green party founded in West Germany?

answer: 1980


text: Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers. Like China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan have also been referred to as middle powers.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: are

text: great

text: powers

text: too

text: though

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: large

text: advanced

text: economies

text: having

text: the

text: third

text: and

text: fourth

text: largest

text: economies

text: respectively

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: strategic

text: and

text: hard

text: power

text: capabilities

text: i.e.

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: permanent

text: seats

text: and

text: veto

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: or

text: strategic

text: military

text: reach

text: Germany

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: member

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: five

text: permanent

text: Security

text: Council

text: members

text: in

text: the

text: grouping

text: of

text: world

text: powers

text: Like

text: China

text: France

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Germany

text: and

text: Japan

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: middle

text: powers

question: What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons?

answer: Japan and Germany

text: Japan and Germany

question: Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what?

answer: UN Security Council

text: UN Security Council

question: What is the name for the grouping of countries of China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan?

answer: middle powers

text: middle powers


text: Numerous modern mandolin makers build instruments that largely replicate the Gibson F-5 Artist models built in the early 1920s under the supervision of Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar. Original Loar-signed instruments are sought after and extremely valuable. Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers. Some notable modern American carved mandolin manufacturers include, in addition to Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings. Mandolins from other countries include The Loar (China), Santa, Rosa (China), Michael Kelly (Korea), Eastman (China), Kentucky (China), Heiden (Canada), Gilchrist (Australia) and Morgan Monroe (China).

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Numerous

text: modern

text: mandolin

text: makers

text: build

text: instruments

text: that

text: largely

text: replicate

text: the

text: Gibson

text: Artist

text: models

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: Gibson

text: acoustician

text: Lloyd

text: Loar

text: Original

text: Loar

text: signed

text: instruments

text: are

text: sought

text: after

text: and

text: extremely

text: valuable

text: Other

text: makers

text: from

text: the

text: Loar

text: period

text: and

text: earlier

text: include

text: Lyon

text: and

text: Healy

text: Vega

text: and

text: Larson

text: Brothers

text: Some

text: notable

text: modern

text: American

text: carved

text: mandolin

text: manufacturers

text: include

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: Kay

text: Gibson

text: Weber

text: Monteleone

text: and

text: Collings

text: Mandolins

text: from

text: other

text: countries

text: include

text: The

text: Loar

text: China

text: Santa

text: Rosa

text: China

text: Michael

text: Kelly

text: Korea

text: Eastman

text: China

text: Kentucky

text: China

text: Heiden

text: Canada

text: Gilchrist

text: Australia

text: and

text: Morgan

text: Monroe

text: China

question: What style of Gisbon Mandolin was largely replicated?

answer: Gibson F-5

text: Gibson F-5

question: When was the Gibson F-5 largely replicated?

answer: early 1920s

text: early 1920s

question: Who supervised the Gibson F-5's replication?

answer: Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar

text: Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar

question: Who are the other makers from the Loar period?

answer: Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers

text: Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers

question: Who were notable modern American mandolin manufacturers?

answer: Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings.

text: Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings.


text: In some languages, including old Chinese, Thai, old Japanese, and Vietnamese, the same word can mean either blue or green. The Chinese character 青 (pronounced qīng in Mandarin, ao in Japanese, and thanh in Sino-Vietnamese) has a meaning that covers both blue and green; blue and green are traditionally considered shades of "青". In more contemporary terms, they are 藍 (lán, in Mandarin) and 綠 (lǜ, in Mandarin) respectively. Japanese also has two terms that refer specifically to the color green, 緑 (midori, which is derived from the classical Japanese descriptive verb midoru "to be in leaf, to flourish" in reference to trees) and グリーン (guriin, which is derived from the English word "green"). However, in Japan, although the traffic lights have the same colors that other countries have, the green light is described using the same word as for blue, "aoi", because green is considered a shade of aoi; similarly, green variants of certain fruits and vegetables such as green apples, green shiso (as opposed to red apples and red shiso) will be described with the word "aoi". Vietnamese uses a single word for both blue and green, xanh, with variants such as xanh da trời (azure, lit. "sky blue"), lam (blue), and lục (green; also xanh lá cây, lit. "leaf green").

title: Green

title: Green

text: In

text: some

text: languages

text: including

text: old

text: Chinese

text: Thai

text: old

text: Japanese

text: and

text: Vietnamese

text: the

text: same

text: word

text: can

text: mean

text: either

text: blue

text: or

text: green

text: The

text: Chinese

text: character

text: 青

text: pronounced

text: qīng

text: in

text: Mandarin

text: ao

text: in

text: Japanese

text: and

text: thanh

text: in

text: Sino

text: Vietnamese

text: has

text: a

text: meaning

text: that

text: covers

text: both

text: blue

text: and

text: green

text: blue

text: and

text: green

text: are

text: traditionally

text: considered

text: shades

text: of

text: 青

text: In

text: more

text: contemporary

text: terms

text: they

text: are

text: 藍

text: lán

text: in

text: Mandarin

text: and

text: 綠

text: lǜ

text: in

text: Mandarin

text: respectively

text: Japanese

text: also

text: has

text: two

text: terms

text: that

text: refer

text: specifically

text: to

text: the

text: color

text: green

text: 緑

text: midori

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: Japanese

text: descriptive

text: verb

text: midoru

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: leaf

text: to

text: flourish

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: trees

text: and

text: グリーン

text: guriin

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: English

text: word

text: green

text: However

text: in

text: Japan

text: although

text: the

text: traffic

text: lights

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: colors

text: that

text: other

text: countries

text: have

text: the

text: green

text: light

text: is

text: described

text: using

text: the

text: same

text: word

text: as

text: for

text: blue

text: aoi

text: because

text: green

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: shade

text: of

text: aoi

text: similarly

text: green

text: variants

text: of

text: certain

text: fruits

text: and

text: vegetables

text: such

text: as

text: green

text: apples

text: green

text: shiso

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: red

text: apples

text: and

text: red

text: shiso

text: will

text: be

text: described

text: with

text: the

text: word

text: aoi

text: Vietnamese

text: uses

text: a

text: single

text: word

text: for

text: both

text: blue

text: and

text: green

text: xanh

text: with

text: variants

text: such

text: as

text: xanh

text: da

text: trời

text: azure

text: lit

text: sky

text: blue

text: lam

text: blue

text: and

text: lục

text: green

text: also

text: xanh

text: lá

text: cây

text: lit

text: leaf

text: green

question: How many terms does Japanese have for the color green?

answer: two

text: two

question: What is the Vietnamese word for both blue and green?

answer: xanh

text: xanh

question: What are the colors of traffic lights in Japan?

answer: the same colors that other countries have

text: the same colors that other countries have


text: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others) Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten. A former station Utrecht Maliebaan closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the Dutch Railway Museum.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: Utrecht

text: Centraal

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: railway

text: station

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: There

text: are

text: regular

text: intercity

text: services

text: to

text: all

text: major

text: Dutch

text: cities

text: direct

text: services

text: to

text: Schiphol

text: Airport

text: Utrecht

text: Centraal

text: is

text: a

text: station

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: service

text: providing

text: days

text: a

text: week

text: an

text: all

text: night

text: service

text: to

text: among

text: others

text: Schiphol

text: Airport

text: Amsterdam

text: and

text: Rotterdam

text: International

text: InterCityExpress

text: ICE

text: services

text: to

text: Germany

text: and

text: further

text: through

text: Arnhem

text: call

text: at

text: Utrecht

text: Centraal

text: Regular

text: local

text: trains

text: to

text: all

text: areas

text: surrounding

text: Utrecht

text: also

text: depart

text: from

text: Utrecht

text: Centraal

text: and

text: service

text: several

text: smaller

text: stations

text: Utrecht

text: Lunetten

text: Utrecht

text: Vaartsche

text: Rijn

text: Utrecht

text: Overvecht

text: Utrecht

text: Leidsche

text: Rijn

text: Utrecht

text: Terwijde

text: Utrecht

text: Zuilen

text: and

text: Vleuten

text: A

text: former

text: station

text: Utrecht

text: Maliebaan

text: closed

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: converted

text: into

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Railway

text: Museum

question: What is the main railway station

answer: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht

text: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht

question: Does the rail station provide 24 hour service

answer: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service

text: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service

question: Are there rail services to Germany

answer: International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal

text: International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal

question: where to regular local trains provide service

answer: local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations

text: local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations


text:
The chemistry of zinc is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. When compounds in this oxidation state are formed the outer shell s electrons are lost, which yields a bare zinc ion with the electronic configuration [Ar]3d10. In aqueous solution an octahedral complex, [Zn(H
2O)6]2+ is the predominant species. The volatilization of zinc in combination with zinc chloride at temperatures above 285 °C indicates the formation of Zn
2Cl
2, a zinc compound with a +1 oxidation state. No compounds of zinc in oxidation states other than +1 or +2 are known. Calculations indicate that a zinc compound with the oxidation state of +4 is unlikely to exist.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: The

text: chemistry

text: of

text: zinc

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: oxidation

text: state

text: When

text: compounds

text: in

text: this

text: oxidation

text: state

text: are

text: formed

text: the

text: outer

text: shell

text: s

text: electrons

text: are

text: lost

text: which

text: yields

text: a

text: bare

text: zinc

text: ion

text: with

text: the

text: electronic

text: configuration

text: In

text: aqueous

text: solution

text: an

text: octahedral

text: complex

text: Zn(H

text: is

text: the

text: predominant

text: species

text: The

text: volatilization

text: of

text: zinc

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: zinc

text: chloride

text: at

text: temperatures

text: above

text: C

text: indicates

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: Zn

text: a

text: zinc

text: compound

text: with

text: a

text: oxidation

text: state

text: No

text: compounds

text: of

text: zinc

text: in

text: oxidation

text: states

text: other

text: than

text: or

text: are

text: known

text: Calculations

text: indicate

text: that

text: a

text: zinc

text: compound

text: with

text: the

text: oxidation

text: state

text: of

text: is

text: unlikely

text: to

text: exist

question: What oxidation state dominates zinc?

answer: +2

question: What indicates the formation of ZN2Cl?

answer: The volatilization of zinc in combination with zinc chloride at temperatures above 285 °C

text: The volatilization of zinc in combination with zinc chloride at temperatures above 285 °C

question: what are the only two oxidation states known for zinc?

answer: +1 or +2

text: +1 or +2

question: What oxidation state dominates the chemistry of zinc?

answer: +2

question: What are the only two oxidation states known for zinc compounds?

answer: +1 or +2

text: +1 or +2


text: Because of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have long been the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms, and were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced. This was facilitated by the severely reduced state of their genomes, but as many genes, introns, and linkages lost, these ecdysozoans can teach us little about the origins of animals in general. The extent of this type of evolution within the superphylum will be revealed by the crustacean, annelid, and molluscan genome projects currently in progress. Analysis of the starlet sea anemone genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates, also being sequenced, in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: diversity

text: found

text: in

text: animals

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: economical

text: for

text: scientists

text: to

text: study

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: chosen

text: species

text: so

text: that

text: connections

text: can

text: be

text: drawn

text: from

text: their

text: work

text: and

text: conclusions

text: extrapolated

text: about

text: how

text: animals

text: function

text: in

text: general

text: Because

text: they

text: are

text: easy

text: to

text: keep

text: and

text: breed

text: the

text: fruit

text: fly

text: Drosophila

text: melanogaster

text: and

text: the

text: nematode

text: Caenorhabditis

text: elegans

text: have

text: long

text: been

text: the

text: most

text: intensively

text: studied

text: metazoan

text: model

text: organisms

text: and

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: life

text: forms

text: to

text: be

text: genetically

text: sequenced

text: This

text: was

text: facilitated

text: by

text: the

text: severely

text: reduced

text: state

text: of

text: their

text: genomes

text: but

text: as

text: many

text: genes

text: introns

text: and

text: linkages

text: lost

text: these

text: ecdysozoans

text: can

text: teach

text: us

text: little

text: about

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: animals

text: in

text: general

text: The

text: extent

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: evolution

text: within

text: the

text: superphylum

text: will

text: be

text: revealed

text: by

text: the

text: crustacean

text: annelid

text: and

text: molluscan

text: genome

text: projects

text: currently

text: in

text: progress

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: starlet

text: sea

text: anemone

text: genome

text: has

text: emphasised

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: sponges

text: placozoans

text: and

text: choanoflagellates

text: also

text: being

text: sequenced

text: in

text: explaining

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: ancestral

text: genes

text: unique

text: to

text: the

text: Eumetazoa

question: Why is it more economical for scientists to study a small number of species?

answer: the great diversity found in animals

text: the great diversity found in animals

question: Which organisms were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced?

answer: fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

text: fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

question: Why are  the fruit fly and the nematode the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms?

answer: they are easy to keep and breed

text: they are easy to keep and breed

question: Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates  in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa?

answer: starlet sea anemone

text: starlet sea anemone


text: Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less prevalent activity among American middle- and high-school students; in fact, a greater number of teens now smoke marijuana than smoke cigarettes, with one recent study showing a respective 15.2% versus 11.7% of surveyed students. Recent studies have shown that male late adolescents are far more likely to smoke cigarettes rather than females. The study indicated that there was a discernible gender difference in the prevalence of smoking among the students. The finding of the study show that more males than females began smoking when they were in primary and high schools whereas most females started smoking after high school. This may be attributed to recent changing social and political views towards marijuana; issues such as medicinal use and legalization have tended towards painting the drug in a more positive light than historically, while cigarettes continue to be vilified due to associated health risks.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Teenage

text: alcohol

text: drug

text: use

text: is

text: currently

text: at

text: an

text: all

text: time

text: low

text: Out

text: of

text: a

text: polled

text: body

text: of

text: students

text: of

text: graders

text: reported

text: having

text: been

text: on

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: occasion

text: been

text: drunk

text: within

text: the

text: previous

text: month

text: for

text: graders

text: the

text: number

text: was

text: and

text: for

text: graders

text: More

text: drastically

text: cigarette

text: smoking

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: far

text: less

text: prevalent

text: activity

text: among

text: American

text: middle-

text: and

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: in

text: fact

text: a

text: greater

text: number

text: of

text: teens

text: now

text: smoke

text: marijuana

text: than

text: smoke

text: cigarettes

text: with

text: one

text: recent

text: study

text: showing

text: a

text: respective

text: versus

text: of

text: surveyed

text: students

text: Recent

text: studies

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: male

text: late

text: adolescents

text: are

text: far

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: smoke

text: cigarettes

text: rather

text: than

text: females

text: The

text: study

text: indicated

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: discernible

text: gender

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: smoking

text: among

text: the

text: students

text: The

text: finding

text: of

text: the

text: study

text: show

text: that

text: more

text: males

text: than

text: females

text: began

text: smoking

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: in

text: primary

text: and

text: high

text: schools

text: whereas

text: most

text: females

text: started

text: smoking

text: after

text: high

text: school

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: recent

text: changing

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: views

text: towards

text: marijuana

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: medicinal

text: use

text: and

text: legalization

text: have

text: tended

text: towards

text: painting

text: the

text: drug

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: positive

text: light

text: than

text: historically

text: while

text: cigarettes

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: vilified

text: due

text: to

text: associated

text: health

text: risks

question: Is teenage alcohol drug use at al all-time high or low?

answer: low

text: low

question: Do teens smoke marijuana or cigarettes more commonly?

answer: marijuana

text: marijuana

question: Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes?

answer: male

text: male

question: What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes?

answer: recent changing social and political views towards marijuana

text: recent changing social and political views towards marijuana


text: Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Throughout

text: their

text: history

text: Slavs

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: non

text: Slavic

text: groups

text: In

text: the

text: postulated

text: homeland

text: region

text: present

text: day

text: Ukraine

text: they

text: had

text: contacts

text: with

text: the

text: Iranic

text: Sarmatians

text: and

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Goths

text: After

text: their

text: subsequent

text: spread

text: they

text: began

text: assimilating

text: non

text: Slavic

text: peoples

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: there

text: were

text: Paleo

text: Balkan

text: peoples

text: such

text: as

text: Romanized

text: and

text: Hellenized

text: Jireček

text: Line

text: Illyrians

text: Thracians

text: and

text: Dacians

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Celtic

text: Scordisci

text: Over

text: time

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: larger

text: number

text: of

text: Slavs

text: most

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: indigenous

text: populations

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: were

text: Slavicized

text: The

text: Thracians

text: and

text: Illyrians

text: vanished

text: from

text: the

text: population

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: although

text: the

text: modern

text: Albanian

text: nation

text: claims

text: descent

text: from

text: the

text: Illyrians

text: Exceptions

text: are

text: Greece

text: where

text: the

text: lesser

text: numbered

text: Slavs

text: scattered

text: there

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: Hellenized

text: aided

text: in

text: time

text: by

text: more

text: Greeks

text: returning

text: to

text: Greece

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: and

text: administration

text: and

text: Romania

text: where

text: Slavic

text: people

text: settled

text: en

text: route

text: for

text: present

text: day

text: Greece

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: East

text: Thrace

text: whereby

text: the

text: Slavic

text: population

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: assimilate

text: Bulgars

text: were

text: also

text: assimilated

text: by

text: local

text: Slavs

text: but

text: their

text: ruling

text: status

text: and

text: subsequent

text: land

text: cast

text: the

text: nominal

text: legacy

text: of

text: Bulgarian

text: country

text: and

text: people

text: onto

text: all

text: future

text: generations

text: The

text: Romance

text: speakers

text: within

text: the

text: fortified

text: Dalmatian

text: cities

text: managed

text: to

text: retain

text: their

text: culture

text: and

text: language

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: as

text: Dalmatian

text: Romance

text: was

text: spoken

text: until

text: the

text: high

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: However

text: they

text: too

text: were

text: eventually

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: Slavs

question: What is the posulated homeland region of the Slavs?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine

question: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?

answer: Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths

text: Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths

question: After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who?

answer: non-Slavic peoples

text: non-Slavic peoples

question: What peoples where in the Balkans?

answer: Paleo-Balkan peoples

text: Paleo-Balkan peoples

question: Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?

answer: The Thracians and Illyrians

text: The Thracians and Illyrians


text: On 6 February 2015, it was announced that Judge Richard Marks is to be replaced by Judge Charles Wide at the retrial. Two days earlier, Marks had emailed counsel for the defendants telling them: "It has been decided (not by me but by my elders and betters) that I am not going to be doing the retrial". Reporting the decision in UK newspaper The Guardian, Lisa O’Carroll wrote: "Wide is the only judge so far to have presided in a case which has seen a conviction of a journalist in relation to allegations of unlawful payments to public officials for stories. The journalist, who cannot be named for legal reasons, is appealing the verdict". Defence counsel for the four journalists threatened to take the decision to judicial review, with the barrister representing Pharo, Nigel Rumfitt QC, saying: "The way this has come about gives rise to the impression that something has been going on behind the scenes which should not have been going on behind the scenes and which should have been dealt with transparently". He added that the defendants were "extremely concerned" and "entitled" to know why Marks was being replaced by Wide.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: February

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Judge

text: Richard

text: Marks

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: Judge

text: Charles

text: Wide

text: at

text: the

text: retrial

text: Two

text: days

text: earlier

text: Marks

text: had

text: emailed

text: counsel

text: for

text: the

text: defendants

text: telling

text: them

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: decided

text: not

text: by

text: me

text: but

text: by

text: my

text: elders

text: and

text: betters

text: that

text: I

text: am

text: not

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: doing

text: the

text: retrial

text: Reporting

text: the

text: decision

text: in

text: UK

text: newspaper

text: The

text: Guardian

text: Lisa

text: O’Carroll

text: wrote

text: Wide

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: judge

text: so

text: far

text: to

text: have

text: presided

text: in

text: a

text: case

text: which

text: has

text: seen

text: a

text: conviction

text: of

text: a

text: journalist

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: allegations

text: of

text: unlawful

text: payments

text: to

text: public

text: officials

text: for

text: stories

text: The

text: journalist

text: who

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: named

text: for

text: legal

text: reasons

text: is

text: appealing

text: the

text: verdict

text: Defence

text: counsel

text: for

text: the

text: four

text: journalists

text: threatened

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: judicial

text: review

text: with

text: the

text: barrister

text: representing

text: Pharo

text: Nigel

text: Rumfitt

text: QC

text: saying

text: The

text: way

text: this

text: has

text: come

text: about

text: gives

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: impression

text: that

text: something

text: has

text: been

text: going

text: on

text: behind

text: the

text: scenes

text: which

text: should

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: going

text: on

text: behind

text: the

text: scenes

text: and

text: which

text: should

text: have

text: been

text: dealt

text: with

text: transparently

text: He

text: added

text: that

text: the

text: defendants

text: were

text: extremely

text: concerned

text: and

text: entitled

text: to

text: know

text: why

text: Marks

text: was

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: Wide

question: Who was appointed presiding judge over the retrial in 2015?

answer: Charles Wide

text: Charles Wide

question: In which newspaper did Lisa O'Carroll report the choice of judge?

answer: The Guardian

text: The Guardian

question: Who was Pharo's lawyer in the case?

answer: Nigel Rumfitt QC

text: Nigel Rumfitt QC

question: What did Rumfit state that the defendants should have been informed about?

answer: why Marks was being replaced by Wide

text: why Marks was being replaced by Wide

question: What did the lawyers for the defendants threaten to do?

answer: take the decision to judicial review

text: take the decision to judicial review


text: Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Iranian

text: scientists

text: outside

text: Iran

text: have

text: also

text: made

text: some

text: major

text: contributions

text: to

text: science

text: In

text: Ali

text: Javan

text: co

text: invented

text: the

text: first

text: gas

text: laser

text: and

text: fuzzy

text: set

text: theory

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: Lotfi

text: Zadeh

text: Iranian

text: cardiologist

text: Tofy

text: Mussivand

text: invented

text: and

text: developed

text: the

text: first

text: artificial

text: cardiac

text: pump

text: the

text: precursor

text: of

text: the

text: artificial

text: heart

text: Furthering

text: research

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: diabetes

text: was

text: discovered

text: by

text: Samuel

text: Rahbar

text: Iranian

text: physics

text: is

text: especially

text: strong

text: in

text: string

text: theory

text: with

text: many

text: papers

text: being

text: published

text: in

text: Iran

text: Iranian

text: American

text: string

text: theorist

text: Kamran

text: Vafa

text: proposed

text: the

text: Vafa

text: Witten

text: theorem

text: together

text: with

text: Edward

text: Witten

text: In

text: August

text: Maryam

text: Mirzakhani

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: woman

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: Iranian

text: to

text: receive

text: the

text: Fields

text: Medal

text: the

text: highest

text: prize

text: in

text: mathematics

question: Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?

answer: Ali Javan

text: Ali Javan

question: Which Iranian cardiologist developed and invented the first artificial cardiac pump?

answer: Tofy Mussivand

text: Tofy Mussivand

question: In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award?

answer: the Fields Medal

text: the Fields Medal

question: Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes?

answer: Samuel Rahbar

text: Samuel Rahbar

question: When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser?

answer: 1960


text: 181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood. It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River. The west end is called Plaza Lafayette.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: thoroughfare

text: running

text: through

text: the

text: Washington

text: Heights

text: neighborhood

text: It

text: runs

text: from

text: the

text: Washington

text: Bridge

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Henry

text: Hudson

text: Parkway

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: near

text: the

text: George

text: Washington

text: Bridge

text: and

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: The

text: west

text: end

text: is

text: called

text: Plaza

text: Lafayette

question: 181st Street runs through what neighborhood?

answer: Washington Heights

text: Washington Heights

question: What is the west end of 181st Street called?

answer: Plaza Lafayette

text: Plaza Lafayette

question: Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street?

answer: west

text: west

question: Which river does 181st Street run near?

answer: Hudson River

text: Hudson River

question: Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway?

answer: 181st Street

text: 181st Street


text: These developments led to the theory of conservation of energy, formalized largely by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) as the field of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. According to Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time. Thus, since 1918, theorists have understood that the law of conservation of energy is the direct mathematical consequence of the translational symmetry of the quantity conjugate to energy, namely time.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: These

text: developments

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: conservation

text: of

text: energy

text: formalized

text: largely

text: by

text: William

text: Thomson

text: Lord

text: Kelvin

text: as

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: thermodynamics

text: Thermodynamics

text: aided

text: the

text: rapid

text: development

text: of

text: explanations

text: of

text: chemical

text: processes

text: by

text: Rudolf

text: Clausius

text: Josiah

text: Willard

text: Gibbs

text: and

text: Walther

text: Nernst

text: It

text: also

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: mathematical

text: formulation

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: entropy

text: by

text: Clausius

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: laws

text: of

text: radiant

text: energy

text: by

text: Jožef

text: Stefan

text: According

text: to

text: Noether

text: 's

text: theorem

text: the

text: conservation

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: physics

text: do

text: not

text: change

text: over

text: time

text: Thus

text: since

text: theorists

text: have

text: understood

text: that

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: conservation

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: the

text: direct

text: mathematical

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: translational

text: symmetry

text: of

text: the

text: quantity

text: conjugate

text: to

text: energy

text: namely

text: time

question: Who largely formalized the developments that led to the theory of conservation of energy?

answer: William Thomson

text: William Thomson

question: What aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Clausius, Gibbs and Nernst?

answer: Thermodynamics

text: Thermodynamics

question: Who developed the concept of the introduction of laws of radiant energy?

answer: Jožef Stefan

text: Jožef Stefan

question: What states that the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time?

answer: Noether's theorem

text: Noether's theorem


text: There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: few

text: types

text: of

text: existing

text: bilaterians

text: that

text: lack

text: a

text: recognizable

text: brain

text: including

text: echinoderms

text: tunicates

text: and

text: acoelomorphs

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: primitive

text: flatworms

text: It

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: definitively

text: established

text: whether

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: these

text: brainless

text: species

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: earliest

text: bilaterians

text: lacked

text: a

text: brain

text: or

text: whether

text: their

text: ancestors

text: evolved

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: disappearance

text: of

text: a

text: previously

text: existing

text: brain

text: structure

question: A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what?

answer: acoelomorphs

text: acoelomorphs

question: Some bilaterians without a brain are what?

answer: echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs

text: echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs


text: The function of Apollo as a "healer" is connected with Paean (Παιών-Παιήων), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion. Paeοn is probably connected with the Mycenean pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: 𐀞𐀊𐀍𐀚), but this is not certain. He did not have a separate cult, but he was the personification of the holy magic-song sung by the magicians that was supposed to cure disease. Later the Greeks knew the original meaning of the relevant song "paean" (παιάν). The magicians were also called "seer-doctors" (ἰατρομάντεις), and they used an ecstatic prophetic art which was used exactly by the god Apollo at the oracles.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: The

text: function

text: of

text: Apollo

text: as

text: a

text: healer

text: is

text: connected

text: with

text: Paean

text: Παιών-Παιήων

text: the

text: physician

text: of

text: the

text: Gods

text: in

text: the

text: Iliad

text: who

text: seems

text: to

text: come

text: from

text: a

text: more

text: primitive

text: religion

text: Paeοn

text: is

text: probably

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: Mycenean

text: pa

text: ja

text: wo

text: ne

text: Linear

text: B

text: 𐀞𐀊𐀍𐀚

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: certain

text: He

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: separate

text: cult

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: personification

text: of

text: the

text: holy

text: magic

text: song

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: magicians

text: that

text: was

text: supposed

text: to

text: cure

text: disease

text: Later

text: the

text: Greeks

text: knew

text: the

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: relevant

text: song

text: paean

text: παιάν

text: The

text: magicians

text: were

text: also

text: called

text: seer

text: doctors

text: ἰατρομάντεις

text: and

text: they

text: used

text: an

text: ecstatic

text: prophetic

text: art

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: exactly

text: by

text: the

text: god

text: Apollo

text: at

text: the

text: oracles

question: What were magicians also called?

answer: seer-doctors

text: seer-doctors

question: Who is the physician of the Gods in the Iliad?

answer: Paean

text: Paean


text: The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to private religious schools, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to the state governments. A more recent case involving the application of this principle against the states was Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet (1994).

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: incorporation

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: establishment

text: clause

text: in

text: the

text: landmark

text: case

text: of

text: Everson

text: v.

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: has

text: impacted

text: the

text: subsequent

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: Although

text: upholding

text: the

text: state

text: law

text: in

text: that

text: case

text: which

text: provided

text: for

text: public

text: busing

text: to

text: private

text: religious

text: schools

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: establishment

text: clause

text: was

text: fully

text: applicable

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: A

text: more

text: recent

text: case

text: involving

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: this

text: principle

text: against

text: the

text: states

text: was

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: of

text: Kiryas

text: Joel

text: Village

text: School

text: District

text: v.

text: Grumet

question: What landmark case has impacted all subsequent interpretations of the separation of church and state in regard to state governments?

answer: Everson v. Board of Education

text: Everson v. Board of Education

question: What did the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?

answer: state law

text: state law

question: What did the Supreme Court hold the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to?

answer: state governments

text: state governments

question: What was a recent case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states?

answer: Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet

text: Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet

question: When was the case of v. Grumet?

answer: 1994