text: Ancient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the Alfonsine tables and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus (De revolutionibus) and Reinhold (Prutenic tables). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian sexagesimals as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 14,33,9,57 (Alphonsine), 14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 14,33,9,24 (Reinhold). All values are the same to two places (14:33) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Ancient

text: tables

text: provided

text: the

text: sun

text: 's

text: mean

text: longitude

text: Christopher

text: Clavius

text: the

text: architect

text: of

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: tables

text: agreed

text: neither

text: on

text: the

text: time

text: when

text: the

text: sun

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: nor

text: on

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: Tycho

text: Brahe

text: also

text: noticed

text: discrepancies

text: The

text: Gregorian

text: leap

text: year

text: rule

text: leap

text: years

text: in

text: years

text: was

text: put

text: forward

text: by

text: Petrus

text: Pitatus

text: of

text: Verona

text: in

text: He

text: noted

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: consistent

text: with

text: the

text: tropical

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: Alfonsine

text: tables

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: of

text: Copernicus

text: De

text: revolutionibus

text: and

text: Reinhold

text: Prutenic

text: tables

text: The

text: three

text: mean

text: tropical

text: years

text: in

text: Babylonian

text: sexagesimals

text: as

text: the

text: excess

text: over

text: days

text: the

text: way

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: extracted

text: from

text: the

text: tables

text: of

text: mean

text: longitude

text: were

text: Alphonsine

text: Copernicus

text: and

text: Reinhold

text: All

text: values

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: to

text: two

text: places

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: mean

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: year

text: Thus

text: Pitatus

text: solution

text: would

text: have

text: commended

text: itself

text: to

text: the

text: astronomers

question: Who was the architect of the Gregorian calendar?

answer: Christopher Clavius

text: Christopher Clavius

question: What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?

answer: discrepancies

text: discrepancies

question: Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?

answer: Petrus Pitatus

text: Petrus Pitatus

question: When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?

answer: 1560

question: What is the theory about leap year called?

answer: Gregorian leap year rule

text: Gregorian leap year rule


text: The band, now revitalised by the response to Live Aid – a "shot in the arm" Roger Taylor called it, — and the ensuing increase in record sales, ended 1985 by releasing the single "One Vision", which was the third time after "Stone Cold Crazy" and "Under Pressure (with David Bowie)" that all four bandmembers received a writing credit for the one song. Also, a limited-edition boxed set containing all Queen albums to date was released under the title of The Complete Works. The package included previously unreleased material, most notably Queen's non-album single of Christmas 1984, titled "Thank God It's Christmas".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: band

text: now

text: revitalised

text: by

text: the

text: response

text: to

text: Live

text: Aid

text: a

text: shot

text: in

text: the

text: arm

text: Roger

text: Taylor

text: called

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: ensuing

text: increase

text: in

text: record

text: sales

text: ended

text: by

text: releasing

text: the

text: single

text: One

text: Vision

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: time

text: after

text: Stone

text: Cold

text: Crazy

text: and

text: Under

text: Pressure

text: with

text: David

text: Bowie

text: that

text: all

text: four

text: bandmembers

text: received

text: a

text: writing

text: credit

text: for

text: the

text: one

text: song

text: Also

text: a

text: limited

text: edition

text: boxed

text: set

text: containing

text: all

text: Queen

text: albums

text: to

text: date

text: was

text: released

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: The

text: Complete

text: Works

text: The

text: package

text: included

text: previously

text: unreleased

text: material

text: most

text: notably

text: Queen

text: 's

text: non

text: album

text: single

text: of

text: Christmas

text: titled

text: Thank

text: God

text: It

text: 's

text: Christmas

question: What year was Queen's One Vision released?

answer: 1985

question: How many band members wrote Queen's One Vision?

answer: four

text: four

question: What was the mid 1980s Queen boxed set called?

answer: The Complete Works

text: The Complete Works

question: What was Queen's 1984 Christmas song called?

answer: Thank God It's Christmas

text: Thank God It's Christmas


text: After working on various solo projects during 1988 (including Mercury's collaboration with Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona), the band released The Miracle in 1989. The album continued the direction of A Kind of Magic, using a pop-rock sound mixed with a few heavy numbers. It spawned the European hits "I Want It All", "Breakthru", "The Invisible Man", "Scandal", and "The Miracle". The Miracle also began a change in direction of Queen's songwriting philosophy. Since the band's beginning, nearly all songs had been written by and credited to a single member, with other members adding minimally. With The Miracle, the band's songwriting became more collaborative, and they vowed to credit the final product only to Queen as a group.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: After

text: working

text: on

text: various

text: solo

text: projects

text: during

text: including

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: collaboration

text: with

text: Montserrat

text: Caballé

text: Barcelona

text: the

text: band

text: released

text: The

text: Miracle

text: in

text: The

text: album

text: continued

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: A

text: Kind

text: of

text: Magic

text: using

text: a

text: pop

text: rock

text: sound

text: mixed

text: with

text: a

text: few

text: heavy

text: numbers

text: It

text: spawned

text: the

text: European

text: hits

text: I

text: Want

text: It

text: All

text: Breakthru

text: The

text: Invisible

text: Man

text: Scandal

text: and

text: The

text: Miracle

text: The

text: Miracle

text: also

text: began

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: direction

text: of

text: Queen

text: 's

text: songwriting

text: philosophy

text: Since

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: beginning

text: nearly

text: all

text: songs

text: had

text: been

text: written

text: by

text: and

text: credited

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: member

text: with

text: other

text: members

text: adding

text: minimally

text: With

text: The

text: Miracle

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: songwriting

text: became

text: more

text: collaborative

text: and

text: they

text: vowed

text: to

text: credit

text: the

text: final

text: product

text: only

text: to

text: Queen

text: as

text: a

text: group

question: Who did Freddie Mercury collaborate with in 1988?

answer: Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona

text: Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona

question: When did Queen release The Miracle?

answer: 1989

question: Which Queen album had more shared writing credits?

answer: The Miracle

text: The Miracle


text: Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Or it can be caused by osmotic laxatives (which work to alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels). In healthy individuals, too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose can produce osmotic diarrhea and distention of the bowel. A person who has lactose intolerance can have difficulty absorbing lactose after an extraordinarily high intake of dairy products. In persons who have fructose malabsorption, excess fructose intake can also cause diarrhea. High-fructose foods that also have a high glucose content are more absorbable and less likely to cause diarrhea. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol (often found in sugar-free foods) are difficult for the body to absorb and, in large amounts, may lead to osmotic diarrhea. In most of these cases, osmotic diarrhea stops when offending agent (e.g. milk, sorbitol) is stopped.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: Osmotic

text: diarrhea

text: occurs

text: when

text: too

text: much

text: water

text: is

text: drawn

text: into

text: the

text: bowels

text: If

text: a

text: person

text: drinks

text: solutions

text: with

text: excessive

text: sugar

text: or

text: excessive

text: salt

text: these

text: can

text: draw

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: into

text: the

text: bowel

text: and

text: cause

text: osmotic

text: diarrhea

text: Osmotic

text: diarrhea

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: maldigestion

text: e.g.

text: pancreatic

text: disease

text: or

text: Coeliac

text: disease

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: nutrients

text: are

text: left

text: in

text: the

text: lumen

text: to

text: pull

text: in

text: water

text: Or

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: osmotic

text: laxatives

text: which

text: work

text: to

text: alleviate

text: constipation

text: by

text: drawing

text: water

text: into

text: the

text: bowels

text: In

text: healthy

text: individuals

text: too

text: much

text: magnesium

text: or

text: vitamin

text: C

text: or

text: undigested

text: lactose

text: can

text: produce

text: osmotic

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: distention

text: of

text: the

text: bowel

text: A

text: person

text: who

text: has

text: lactose

text: intolerance

text: can

text: have

text: difficulty

text: absorbing

text: lactose

text: after

text: an

text: extraordinarily

text: high

text: intake

text: of

text: dairy

text: products

text: In

text: persons

text: who

text: have

text: fructose

text: malabsorption

text: excess

text: fructose

text: intake

text: can

text: also

text: cause

text: diarrhea

text: High

text: fructose

text: foods

text: that

text: also

text: have

text: a

text: high

text: glucose

text: content

text: are

text: more

text: absorbable

text: and

text: less

text: likely

text: to

text: cause

text: diarrhea

text: Sugar

text: alcohols

text: such

text: as

text: sorbitol

text: often

text: found

text: in

text: sugar

text: free

text: foods

text: are

text: difficult

text: for

text: the

text: body

text: to

text: absorb

text: and

text: in

text: large

text: amounts

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: osmotic

text: diarrhea

text: In

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: cases

text: osmotic

text: diarrhea

text: stops

text: when

text: offending

text: agent

text: e.g.

text: milk

text: sorbitol

text: is

text: stopped

question: What occures with osmotic diarrhea?

answer: s when too much water is drawn into the bowels

text: s when too much water is drawn into the bowels

question: What causes osmotic diarrhea?

answer: If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel

text: If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel

question: How do osmotic lazatives work?

answer: alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels

text: alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels

question: What can cause osmotic diarrhea in healthy people?

answer: too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose

text: too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose


text: On 3 May 1966 it resumed printing news on the front page - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society. In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson. His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: On

text: May

text: it

text: resumed

text: printing

text: news

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: page

text: previously

text: the

text: front

text: page

text: featured

text: small

text: advertisements

text: usually

text: of

text: interest

text: to

text: the

text: moneyed

text: classes

text: in

text: British

text: society

text: In

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Astor

text: family

text: sold

text: the

text: paper

text: to

text: Canadian

text: publishing

text: magnate

text: Roy

text: Thomson

text: His

text: Thomson

text: Corporation

text: brought

text: it

text: under

text: the

text: same

text: ownership

text: as

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Times

text: to

text: form

text: Times

text: Newspapers

text: Limited

question: In what year did The Times resume printing news on the front page instead of small advertisements?

answer: 1966

question: In 1967, what well-known family sold The Times to a Canadian publishing magnate?

answer: Astor family

text: Astor family

question: In 1967, which Canadian publishing magnate bought The Times?

answer: Roy Thomson

text: Roy Thomson

question: What is the name of the corporation that bought The Times in 1967?

answer: Thomson Corporation

text: Thomson Corporation

question: Which other newspaper was brought under the same ownership as The Times in 1967 to form Times Newspapers Limited?

answer: The Sunday Times

text: The Sunday Times


text: Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: Its

text: main

text: body

text: is

text: solid

text: sterling

text: silver

text: and

text: silver

text: gilt

text: while

text: its

text: plinth

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: malachite

text: a

text: semi

text: precious

text: stone

text: The

text: plinth

text: has

text: a

text: silver

text: band

text: around

text: its

text: circumference

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: winning

text: clubs

text: are

text: listed

text: Malachite

text: 's

text: green

text: colour

text: is

text: also

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: green

text: field

text: of

text: play

text: The

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: trophy

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: heraldry

text: of

text: Three

text: Lions

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: English

text: football

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: lions

text: are

text: found

text: above

text: the

text: handles

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: trophy

text: the

text: third

text: is

text: symbolised

text: by

text: the

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: winning

text: team

text: as

text: he

text: raises

text: the

text: trophy

text: and

text: its

text: gold

text: crown

text: above

text: his

text: head

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: ribbons

text: that

text: drape

text: the

text: handles

text: are

text: presented

text: in

text: the

text: team

text: colours

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: champions

text: that

text: year

question: What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on?

answer: The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.

text: The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.

question: Where on the trophy can two of the lions be seen?

answer: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy

text: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy

question: Where can the third lion be seen?

answer: the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season

text: the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season

question: What do the ribbons on the trophy mean?

answer: The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

text: The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

question: The Golden Boot is made of sterling silver, silver gilt and which semi-precious stone?

answer: malachite

text: malachite

question: On what type of metal band are the title-winning clubs listed on the Golden Boot?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: What does the green colour of Malachite on the Golden Boot represent?

answer: the green field of play

text: the green field of play

question: How many lions are found on the Golden Boot?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: Who symbolizes the third lion not found on the Golden Boot trophy?

answer: the captain of the title winning team

text: the captain of the title winning team


text: Hyacinth or Hyacinthus was one of Apollo's male lovers. He was a Spartan prince, beautiful and athletic. The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly. Apollo is said to be filled with grief: out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears stained the flower petals with the interjection αἰαῖ, meaning alas. The Festival of Hyacinthus was a celebration of Sparta.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Hyacinth

text: or

text: Hyacinthus

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: Apollo

text: 's

text: male

text: lovers

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: Spartan

text: prince

text: beautiful

text: and

text: athletic

text: The

text: pair

text: was

text: practicing

text: throwing

text: the

text: discus

text: when

text: a

text: discus

text: thrown

text: by

text: Apollo

text: was

text: blown

text: off

text: course

text: by

text: the

text: jealous

text: Zephyrus

text: and

text: struck

text: Hyacinthus

text: in

text: the

text: head

text: killing

text: him

text: instantly

text: Apollo

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: filled

text: with

text: grief

text: out

text: of

text: Hyacinthus

text: blood

text: Apollo

text: created

text: a

text: flower

text: named

text: after

text: him

text: as

text: a

text: memorial

text: to

text: his

text: death

text: and

text: his

text: tears

text: stained

text: the

text: flower

text: petals

text: with

text: the

text: interjection

text: αἰαῖ

text: meaning

text: alas

text: The

text: Festival

text: of

text: Hyacinthus

text: was

text: a

text: celebration

text: of

text: Sparta

question: Who was one of Apollo's male lovers?

answer: Hyacinthus

text: Hyacinthus

question: What hit Hyacinthus in the head, killing him?

answer: discus

text: discus

question: Who blew the discus off course, killing Hyacinthus?

answer: Zephyrus

text: Zephyrus

question: What item did Apollo create and name after his lover?

answer: flower

text: flower


text: The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scattering of electrons on thermal vibrations of the lattice, which are relatively weak for a soft metal. The maximum permissible current density of copper in open air is approximately 3.1×106 A/m2 of cross-sectional area, above which it begins to heat excessively. As with other metals, if copper is placed against another metal, galvanic corrosion will occur.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: The

text: softness

text: of

text: copper

text: partly

text: explains

text: its

text: high

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: S

text: m

text: and

text: thus

text: also

text: high

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: to

text: silver

text: among

text: pure

text: metals

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: the

text: resistivity

text: to

text: electron

text: transport

text: in

text: metals

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: mostly

text: originates

text: from

text: scattering

text: of

text: electrons

text: on

text: thermal

text: vibrations

text: of

text: the

text: lattice

text: which

text: are

text: relatively

text: weak

text: for

text: a

text: soft

text: metal

text: The

text: maximum

text: permissible

text: current

text: density

text: of

text: copper

text: in

text: open

text: air

text: is

text: approximately

text: A

text: of

text: cross

text: sectional

text: area

text: above

text: which

text: it

text: begins

text: to

text: heat

text: excessively

text: As

text: with

text: other

text: metals

text: if

text: copper

text: is

text: placed

text: against

text: another

text: metal

text: galvanic

text: corrosion

text: will

text: occur

question: What is the explanation for copper's capacity for electrical conductivity?

answer: The softness

text: The softness

question: What metal has a higher thermal conductivity than copper?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: What is the maximum premissible current density in open air of copper?

answer: 3.1×106 A/m2

text: 3.1×106 A/m2

question: What occurs when copper is placed touching another metal?

answer: corrosion

text: corrosion

question: What happens to copper if an electrical current gets too high?

answer: it begins to heat excessively

text: it begins to heat excessively


text: In late December, Barcelona's appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport was unsuccessful and the original transfer ban was reinstated, leaving the club unable to utilise the 2015 winter and summer transfer windows. On 5 January 2015, Zubizareta was sacked by the board after 4 years as director of football. The next month, Barcelona announced the formation of a new Football Area Technical Commission, made up of vice-president Jordi Mestre, board member Javier Bordas, Carles Rexach and Ariedo Braida.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: In

text: late

text: December

text: Barcelona

text: 's

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Arbitration

text: for

text: Sport

text: was

text: unsuccessful

text: and

text: the

text: original

text: transfer

text: ban

text: was

text: reinstated

text: leaving

text: the

text: club

text: unable

text: to

text: utilise

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: summer

text: transfer

text: windows

text: On

text: January

text: Zubizareta

text: was

text: sacked

text: by

text: the

text: board

text: after

text: years

text: as

text: director

text: of

text: football

text: The

text: next

text: month

text: Barcelona

text: announced

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Football

text: Area

text: Technical

text: Commission

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: vice

text: president

text: Jordi

text: Mestre

text: board

text: member

text: Javier

text: Bordas

text: Carles

text: Rexach

text: and

text: Ariedo

text: Braida

question: To whom did Barcelona appeal to lift the transfer bad?

answer: Court of Arbitration for Sport

text: Court of Arbitration for Sport

question: During what year was Barcelona not allowed to use  their transfer windows?

answer: 2015

question: When was Zubizareta fired by the board?

answer: 5 January 2015

text: 5 January 2015

question: What position did Zubizareta have?

answer: director of football

text: director of football

question: After firing the director, what did Barcelona form?

answer: Football Area Technical Commission

text: Football Area Technical Commission


text: A sconce is a wall-mounted fixture, particularly one that shines up and sometimes down as well. A torchiere is an uplight intended for ambient lighting. It is typically a floor lamp but may be wall-mounted like a sconce.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: A

text: sconce

text: is

text: a

text: wall

text: mounted

text: fixture

text: particularly

text: one

text: that

text: shines

text: up

text: and

text: sometimes

text: down

text: as

text: well

text: A

text: torchiere

text: is

text: an

text: uplight

text: intended

text: for

text: ambient

text: lighting

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: a

text: floor

text: lamp

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: wall

text: mounted

text: like

text: a

text: sconce

question: What is a uplight used for ambient lighting?

answer: torchiere

text: torchiere


text: As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. The treaty was ratified in 1859. While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: As

text: white

text: settlers

text: began

text: populating

text: Montana

text: from

text: the

text: through

text: the

text: disputes

text: with

text: Native

text: Americans

text: ensued

text: primarily

text: over

text: land

text: ownership

text: and

text: control

text: In

text: Washington

text: Territorial

text: Governor

text: Isaac

text: Stevens

text: negotiated

text: the

text: Hellgate

text: treaty

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Government

text: and

text: the

text: Salish

text: Pend

text: d'Oreille

text: and

text: the

text: Kootenai

text: people

text: of

text: western

text: Montana

text: which

text: established

text: boundaries

text: for

text: the

text: tribal

text: nations

text: The

text: treaty

text: was

text: ratified

text: in

text: While

text: the

text: treaty

text: established

text: what

text: later

text: became

text: the

text: Flathead

text: Indian

text: Reservation

text: trouble

text: with

text: interpreters

text: and

text: confusion

text: over

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: led

text: whites

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: Bitterroot

text: Valley

text: was

text: opened

text: to

text: settlement

text: but

text: the

text: tribal

text: nations

text: disputed

text: those

text: provisions

text: The

text: Salish

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: Bitterroot

text: Valley

text: until

question: What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?

answer: 1855

question: Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty?

answer: Isaac Stevens

text: Isaac Stevens

question: What year was the treaty ratified?

answer: 1859

question: What did the treaty establish?

answer: Flathead Indian Reservation

text: Flathead Indian Reservation


text: The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life sciences and biotechnology.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: biotechnology

text: sector

text: is

text: also

text: growing

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: strength

text: in

text: academic

text: scientific

text: research

text: and

text: public

text: and

text: commercial

text: financial

text: support

text: On

text: December

text: then

text: Mayor

text: Michael

text: R.

text: Bloomberg

text: announced

text: his

text: choice

text: of

text: Cornell

text: University

text: and

text: Technion

text: Israel

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: US$

text: billion

text: graduate

text: school

text: of

text: applied

text: sciences

text: called

text: Cornell

text: Tech

text: on

text: Roosevelt

text: Island

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: transforming

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: into

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: premier

text: technology

text: capital

text: By

text: Accelerator

text: a

text: biotech

text: investment

text: firm

text: had

text: raised

text: more

text: than

text: US$

text: million

text: from

text: investors

text: including

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: and

text: Company

text: Pfizer

text: and

text: Johnson

text: Johnson

text: for

text: initial

text: funding

text: to

text: create

text: biotechnology

text: startups

text: at

text: the

text: Alexandria

text: Center

text: for

text: Life

text: Science

text: which

text: encompasses

text: more

text: than

text: square

text: feet

text: on

text: East

text: Street

text: and

text: promotes

text: collaboration

text: among

text: scientists

text: and

text: entrepreneurs

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: and

text: with

text: nearby

text: academic

text: medical

text: and

text: research

text: institutions

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Economic

text: Development

text: Corporation

text: 's

text: Early

text: Stage

text: Life

text: Sciences

text: Funding

text: Initiative

text: and

text: venture

text: capital

text: partners

text: including

text: Celgene

text: General

text: Electric

text: Ventures

text: and

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: committed

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: US$

text: million

text: to

text: help

text: launch

text: to

text: ventures

text: in

text: life

text: sciences

text: and

text: biotechnology

question: Along with Cornell University, what institution is involved in the building of Cornell Tech?

answer: Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

text: Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

question: What is the cost to build Cornell Tech?

answer: US$2 billion

text: US$2 billion

question: On what island is Cornell Tech located?

answer: Roosevelt Island

text: Roosevelt Island

question: About how much capital did Accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014?

answer: US$30 million

text: US$30 million

question: How large is the Alexandria Center for Life Science in square meters?

answer: 65,000

question: In 2011, what school was built on Roosevelt Island?

answer: Cornell Tech

text: Cornell Tech


text: On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance which had been established in 1955. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Pact

text: was

text: declared

text: at

text: an

text: end

text: at

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: defense

text: and

text: foreign

text: ministers

text: from

text: the

text: remaining

text: member

text: states

text: meeting

text: in

text: Hungary

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Czechoslovak

text: President

text: Václav

text: Havel

text: formally

text: declared

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: of

text: Friendship

text: Co

text: operation

text: and

text: Mutual

text: Assistance

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: The

text: USSR

text: itself

text: was

text: dissolved

text: in

text: December

question: In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?

answer: Hungary

text: Hungary

question: Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact?

answer: Václav Havel

text: Václav Havel


text: The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west, it reached beyond modern Pakistan, to the Hindu Kush mountains in what is now Afghanistan. The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha (in modern Bihar) when he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty. Chandragupta's son Bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 BC. By the time he died in c. 272 BC, a large part of the subcontinent was under Mauryan suzerainty. However, the region of Kalinga (around modern day Odisha) remained outside Mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Maurya

text: Empire

text: BCE

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: empire

text: to

text: unify

text: India

text: into

text: one

text: state

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: on

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: At

text: its

text: greatest

text: extent

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: Empire

text: stretched

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: into

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Assam

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: it

text: reached

text: beyond

text: modern

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: mountains

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Afghanistan

text: The

text: empire

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: Chandragupta

text: Maurya

text: in

text: Magadha

text: in

text: modern

text: Bihar

text: when

text: he

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Nanda

text: Dynasty

text: Chandragupta

text: 's

text: son

text: Bindusara

text: succeeded

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: around

text: BC

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: c.

text: BC

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: was

text: under

text: Mauryan

text: suzerainty

text: However

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Kalinga

text: around

text: modern

text: day

text: Odisha

text: remained

text: outside

text: Mauryan

text: control

text: perhaps

text: interfering

text: with

text: their

text: trade

text: with

text: the

text: south

question: What was the first empire to unify India?

answer: Maurya Empire

text: Maurya Empire

question: What was the time span of the Mauryan Empire?

answer: 322–185 BCE

text: 322–185 BCE

question: Who formed the Maurya Empire in Magadha?

answer: Chandragupta Maurya

text: Chandragupta Maurya

question: What dynasty did Chandragupta Maurya defeat?

answer: Nanda Dynasty

text: Nanda Dynasty

question: In what year did Chandraguta's son come to the throne?

answer: 297 BC

text: 297 BC


text: However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community. A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history. In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I. Depending on the educational demands, some madaris also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history. Ottoman madaris along with religious teachings also taught "styles of writing, grammary, syntax, poetry, composition, natural sciences, political sciences, and etiquette."

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: However

text: in

text: English

text: the

text: term

text: madrasah

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: specifically

text: Islamic

text: institutions

text: A

text: typical

text: Islamic

text: school

text: usually

text: offers

text: two

text: courses

text: of

text: study

text: a

text: ḥifẓ

text: course

text: teaching

text: memorization

text: of

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: commits

text: the

text: entire

text: Qurʼan

text: to

text: memory

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: ḥāfiẓ

text: and

text: an

text: ʻālim

text: course

text: leading

text: the

text: candidate

text: to

text: become

text: an

text: accepted

text: scholar

text: in

text: the

text: community

text: A

text: regular

text: curriculum

text: includes

text: courses

text: in

text: Arabic

text: tafsir

text: Qur'anic

text: interpretation

text: sharīʻah

text: Islamic

text: law

text: hadiths

text: recorded

text: sayings

text: and

text: deeds

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: mantiq

text: logic

text: and

text: Muslim

text: history

text: In

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: during

text: the

text: Early

text: Modern

text: Period

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: hadiths

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: Süleyman

text: I.

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: educational

text: demands

text: some

text: madaris

text: also

text: offer

text: additional

text: advanced

text: courses

text: in

text: Arabic

text: literature

text: English

text: and

text: other

text: foreign

text: languages

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: science

text: and

text: world

text: history

text: Ottoman

text: madaris

text: along

text: with

text: religious

text: teachings

text: also

text: taught

text: styles

text: of

text: writing

text: grammary

text: syntax

text: poetry

text: composition

text: natural

text: sciences

text: political

text: sciences

text: and

text: etiquette

question: What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash?

answer: Islamic institutions

text: Islamic institutions

question: What is taught through a hifz class or set of classes?

answer: memorization of the Qur'an

text: memorization of the Qur'an

question: What is shariah?

answer: Islamic law

text: Islamic law

question: What is the discipline taught in mantiq courses?

answer: logic

text: logic

question: What set of courses does someone need to take for preparation to be considered as a scholar?

answer: ʻālim

text: ʻālim


text: A related phenomenon called "abmigration" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: A

text: related

text: phenomenon

text: called

text: abmigration

text: involves

text: birds

text: from

text: one

text: region

text: joining

text: similar

text: birds

text: from

text: a

text: different

text: breeding

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: common

text: winter

text: grounds

text: and

text: then

text: migrating

text: back

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: population

text: This

text: is

text: especially

text: common

text: in

text: some

text: waterfowl

text: which

text: shift

text: from

text: one

text: flyway

text: to

text: another

question: What is it called when birds from one region join birds from a different region?

answer: abmigration

text: abmigration

question: What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate?

answer: waterfowl

text: waterfowl

question: Who do abmigrating birds return with?

answer: the new population

text: the new population


text: Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas, including "culture", which in Germany includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training. Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level, the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area: in matters that affect them directly, the states defend their interests at the federal level through the Bundesrat (literally Federal Council, the upper house of the German Federal Parliament) and in areas where they have legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties "with the consent of the federal government".

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: Federalism

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: entrenched

text: constitutional

text: principles

text: of

text: Germany

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: constitution

text: called

text: Grundgesetz

text: or

text: in

text: English

text: Basic

text: Law

text: some

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: and

text: defense

text: are

text: the

text: exclusive

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: federation

text: i.e.

text: the

text: federal

text: level

text: while

text: others

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: shared

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: federation

text: the

text: states

text: retain

text: residual

text: legislative

text: authority

text: for

text: all

text: other

text: areas

text: including

text: culture

text: which

text: in

text: Germany

text: includes

text: not

text: only

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: financial

text: promotion

text: of

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: but

text: also

text: most

text: forms

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: job

text: training

text: Though

text: international

text: relations

text: including

text: international

text: treaties

text: are

text: primarily

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: level

text: the

text: constituent

text: states

text: have

text: certain

text: limited

text: powers

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: in

text: matters

text: that

text: affect

text: them

text: directly

text: the

text: states

text: defend

text: their

text: interests

text: at

text: the

text: federal

text: level

text: through

text: the

text: Bundesrat

text: literally

text: Federal

text: Council

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Federal

text: Parliament

text: and

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: they

text: have

text: legislative

text: authority

text: they

text: have

text: limited

text: powers

text: to

text: conclude

text: international

text: treaties

text: with

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

question: What is an entrenched constitutional principle in Germany?

answer: Federalism

text: Federalism

question: In Germany, foreign affairs is under the exclusive purvey of what?

answer: the federation

text: the federation

question: What is an example of what states retain authority over?

answer: culture

text: culture

question: The states defend their interests at the federal level through what?

answer: the Bundesrat

text: the Bundesrat

question: Whose consent do the states need to make international treaties?

answer: the federal government

text: the federal government


text: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities). in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems. In the late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land, but by the Christianisation, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined. Later on, in order to further strengthen Armenian national identity, Mesrop Mashtots invented the Armenian alphabet, in 405 AD. This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils. Armenia lost its sovereignty again in 428 AD to the rivalling Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires, until the Muslim conquest of Persia overran also the regions in which Armenians lived.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: Arsacid

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Armenia

text: itself

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Arsacid

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Parthia

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: to

text: adopt

text: Christianity

text: as

text: its

text: religion

text: it

text: had

text: formerly

text: been

text: adherent

text: to

text: Armenian

text: paganism

text: which

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: Zoroastrianism

text: while

text: later

text: on

text: adopting

text: a

text: few

text: elements

text: regarding

text: identification

text: of

text: its

text: pantheon

text: with

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: deities

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: likely

text: AD

text: partly

text: in

text: defiance

text: of

text: the

text: Sassanids

text: it

text: seems

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Parthian

text: period

text: Armenia

text: was

text: a

text: predominantly

text: Zoroastrian

text: adhering

text: land

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: Christianisation

text: previously

text: predominant

text: Zoroastrianism

text: and

text: paganism

text: in

text: Armenia

text: gradually

text: declined

text: Later

text: on

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: further

text: strengthen

text: Armenian

text: national

text: identity

text: Mesrop

text: Mashtots

text: invented

text: the

text: Armenian

text: alphabet

text: in

text: AD

text: This

text: event

text: ushered

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Armenia

text: during

text: which

text: many

text: foreign

text: books

text: and

text: manuscripts

text: were

text: translated

text: to

text: Armenian

text: by

text: Mesrop

text: 's

text: pupils

text: Armenia

text: lost

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: again

text: in

text: AD

text: to

text: the

text: rivalling

text: Byzantine

text: and

text: Sassanid

text: Persian

text: empires

text: until

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquest

text: of

text: Persia

text: overran

text: also

text: the

text: regions

text: in

text: which

text: Armenians

text: lived

question: What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?

answer: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia

text: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia

question: What religion was Armenian paganism influenced by?

answer: Zoroastrianism

text: Zoroastrianism

question: When did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?

answer: AD 301

text: AD 301

question: Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?

answer: in defiance of the Sassanids

text: in defiance of the Sassanids

question: Who invented the Armenian alphabet?

answer: Mesrop Mashtots

text: Mesrop Mashtots


text: The German dialects show a wide spectrum of variation. Most of them are not mutually intelligible. German dialectology traditionally names the major dialect groups after Germanic tribes from which they were assumed to have descended.[citation needed]

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: The

text: German

text: dialects

text: show

text: a

text: wide

text: spectrum

text: of

text: variation

text: Most

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: not

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: German

text: dialectology

text: traditionally

text: names

text: the

text: major

text: dialect

text: groups

text: after

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: assumed

text: to

text: have

text: descended.[citation

text: needed

question: After what entities are German dialects traditionally named?

answer: Germanic tribes

text: Germanic tribes


text: Innuendo was released in early 1991 with an eponymous number 1 UK hit and other charting singles including, "The Show Must Go On". Mercury was increasingly ill and could barely walk when the band recorded "The Show Must Go On" in 1990. Because of this, May had concerns about whether he was physically capable of singing it. Recalling Mercury's successful performance May states; "he went in and killed it, completely lacerated that vocal". The rest of the band were ready to record when Mercury felt able to come in to the studio, for an hour or two at a time. May says of Mercury: “He just kept saying. 'Write me more. Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it and when I am gone you can finish it off.’ He had no fear, really.” The band's second greatest hits compilation, Greatest Hits II, followed in October 1991, which is the eighth best-selling album of all time in the UK and has sold 16 million copies worldwide.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Innuendo

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: early

text: with

text: an

text: eponymous

text: number

text: UK

text: hit

text: and

text: other

text: charting

text: singles

text: including

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: Mercury

text: was

text: increasingly

text: ill

text: and

text: could

text: barely

text: walk

text: when

text: the

text: band

text: recorded

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: in

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: May

text: had

text: concerns

text: about

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: physically

text: capable

text: of

text: singing

text: it

text: Recalling

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: successful

text: performance

text: May

text: states

text: he

text: went

text: in

text: and

text: killed

text: it

text: completely

text: lacerated

text: that

text: vocal

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: were

text: ready

text: to

text: record

text: when

text: Mercury

text: felt

text: able

text: to

text: come

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: studio

text: for

text: an

text: hour

text: or

text: two

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: May

text: says

text: of

text: Mercury

text: He

text: just

text: kept

text: saying

text: Write

text: me

text: more

text: Write

text: me

text: stuff

text: I

text: want

text: to

text: just

text: sing

text: this

text: and

text: do

text: it

text: and

text: when

text: I

text: am

text: gone

text: you

text: can

text: finish

text: it

text: off.’

text: He

text: had

text: no

text: fear

text: really

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: second

text: greatest

text: hits

text: compilation

text: Greatest

text: Hits

text: II

text: followed

text: in

text: October

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: best

text: selling

text: album

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: has

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

question: What was one single from Queen's Innuendo that charted in the UK?

answer: The Show Must Go On

text: The Show Must Go On

question: What was the name of Queen's second greatest hits compilation?

answer: Greatest Hits II

text: Greatest Hits II

question: Which Queen album is the eighth best-selling album in the UK of all time?

answer: Greatest Hits II

text: Greatest Hits II

question: Which band member of Queen was seriously ill in 1991?

answer: Mercury

text: Mercury

question: Queen's Greatest Hits II has sold how many copies worldwide?

answer: 16 million

text: 16 million


text: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a "Dream Ticket" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: On

text: February

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: debuted

text: The

text: American

text: Idol

text: Experience

text: at

text: its

text: Disney

text: 's

text: Hollywood

text: Studios

text: theme

text: park

text: at

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: World

text: Resort

text: in

text: Florida

text: In

text: this

text: live

text: production

text: co

text: produced

text: by

text: Entertainment

text: park

text: guests

text: chose

text: from

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: songs

text: and

text: auditioned

text: privately

text: for

text: Disney

text: cast

text: members

text: Those

text: selected

text: then

text: performed

text: on

text: a

text: stage

text: in

text: a

text: theater

text: replicating

text: the

text: Idol

text: set

text: Three

text: judges

text: whose

text: mannerisms

text: and

text: style

text: mimicked

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: real

text: Idol

text: judges

text: critiqued

text: the

text: performances

text: Audience

text: members

text: then

text: voted

text: for

text: their

text: favorite

text: performer

text: There

text: were

text: several

text: preliminary

text: round

text: shows

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: a

text: finals

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: evening

text: where

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: rounds

text: that

text: day

text: was

text: selected

text: as

text: the

text: overall

text: winner

text: The

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: finals

text: show

text: received

text: a

text: Dream

text: Ticket

text: that

text: granted

text: them

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: privileges

text: at

text: any

text: future

text: American

text: Idol

text: audition

text: The

text: attraction

text: closed

text: on

text: August

question: What company has a them park attraction known as The American Idol Experience?

answer: The Walt Disney Company

text: The Walt Disney Company

question: In what year did The Walt Disney Company open The American Idol Experience?

answer: 2009

question: In what year did The Walt Disney Company close The American Idol Experience?

answer: 2014

question: What company had a partnership with The Walt Disney Company for The American Idol Experience?

answer: 19 Entertainment

text: 19 Entertainment

question: When did the American Idol Experience open?

answer: February 14, 2009

text: February 14, 2009

question: Where did it open?

answer: Walt Disney World

text: Walt Disney World

question: What did the winner win?

answer: Dream Ticket

text: Dream Ticket

question: When did the Experience close?

answer: August 30, 2014

text: August 30, 2014


text: The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, an obsolete term for the Swiss, which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätten cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The name originates as an exonym, applied pars pro toto to the troops of the Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for "Confederates", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: English

text: name

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: a

text: compound

text: containing

text: Switzer

text: an

text: obsolete

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: Swiss

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: use

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: The

text: English

text: adjective

text: Swiss

text: is

text: a

text: loan

text: from

text: French

text: Suisse

text: also

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: name

text: Switzer

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: Alemannic

text: Schwiizer

text: in

text: origin

text: an

text: inhabitant

text: of

text: Schwyz

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: territory

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Waldstätten

text: cantons

text: which

text: formed

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Swiss

text: Confederacy

text: The

text: name

text: originates

text: as

text: an

text: exonym

text: applied

text: pars

text: pro

text: toto

text: to

text: the

text: troops

text: of

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: The

text: Swiss

text: began

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: themselves

text: after

text: the

text: Swabian

text: War

text: of

text: used

text: alongside

text: the

text: term

text: for

text: Confederates

text: Eidgenossen

text: literally

text: comrades

text: by

text: oath

text: used

text: since

text: the

text: century

question: What was the Swiss term for Switzerland during the 16th - 19th centuries?

answer: Switzer

text: Switzer

question: Where did the English adjective Swiss originate from?

answer: French Suisse

text: French Suisse

question: Where did the name Switzer originate from?

answer: the Alemannic Schwiizer

text: the Alemannic Schwiizer

question: What did the Alemannic Schwiizer help form the nucleus of?

answer: the Old Swiss Confederacy

text: the Old Swiss Confederacy


text: In the wake of the Coventry Blitz, there was widespread agitation from the Communist Party over the need for bomb-proof shelters. Many Londoners, in particular, took to using the Underground railway system, without authority, for shelter and sleeping through the night there until the following morning. So worried were the Government over the sudden campaign of leaflets and posters distributed by the Communist Party in Coventry and London, that the Police were sent in to seize their production facilities. The Government, up until November 1940, was opposed to the centralised organisation of shelter. Home Secretary Sir John Anderson was replaced by Morrison soon afterwards, in the wake of a Cabinet reshuffle as the dying Neville Chamberlain resigned. Morrison warned that he could not counter the Communist unrest unless provision of shelters were made. He recognised the right of the public to seize tube stations and authorised plans to improve their condition and expand them by tunnelling. Still, many British citizens, who had been members of the Labour Party, itself inert over the issue, turned to the Communist Party. The Communists attempted to blame the damage and casualties of the Coventry raid on the rich factory owners, big business and landowning interests and called for a negotiated peace. Though they failed to make a large gain in influence, the membership of the Party had doubled by June 1941. The "Communist threat" was deemed important enough for Herbert Morrison to order, with the support of the Cabinet, the stoppage of the Daily Worker and The Week; the Communist newspaper and journal.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: Coventry

text: Blitz

text: there

text: was

text: widespread

text: agitation

text: from

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: over

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: bomb

text: proof

text: shelters

text: Many

text: Londoners

text: in

text: particular

text: took

text: to

text: using

text: the

text: Underground

text: railway

text: system

text: without

text: authority

text: for

text: shelter

text: and

text: sleeping

text: through

text: the

text: night

text: there

text: until

text: the

text: following

text: morning

text: So

text: worried

text: were

text: the

text: Government

text: over

text: the

text: sudden

text: campaign

text: of

text: leaflets

text: and

text: posters

text: distributed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: in

text: Coventry

text: and

text: London

text: that

text: the

text: Police

text: were

text: sent

text: in

text: to

text: seize

text: their

text: production

text: facilities

text: The

text: Government

text: up

text: until

text: November

text: was

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: centralised

text: organisation

text: of

text: shelter

text: Home

text: Secretary

text: Sir

text: John

text: Anderson

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Morrison

text: soon

text: afterwards

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: a

text: Cabinet

text: reshuffle

text: as

text: the

text: dying

text: Neville

text: Chamberlain

text: resigned

text: Morrison

text: warned

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: counter

text: the

text: Communist

text: unrest

text: unless

text: provision

text: of

text: shelters

text: were

text: made

text: He

text: recognised

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: to

text: seize

text: tube

text: stations

text: and

text: authorised

text: plans

text: to

text: improve

text: their

text: condition

text: and

text: expand

text: them

text: by

text: tunnelling

text: Still

text: many

text: British

text: citizens

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: itself

text: inert

text: over

text: the

text: issue

text: turned

text: to

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: The

text: Communists

text: attempted

text: to

text: blame

text: the

text: damage

text: and

text: casualties

text: of

text: the

text: Coventry

text: raid

text: on

text: the

text: rich

text: factory

text: owners

text: big

text: business

text: and

text: landowning

text: interests

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: a

text: negotiated

text: peace

text: Though

text: they

text: failed

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: large

text: gain

text: in

text: influence

text: the

text: membership

text: of

text: the

text: Party

text: had

text: doubled

text: by

text: June

text: The

text: Communist

text: threat

text: was

text: deemed

text: important

text: enough

text: for

text: Herbert

text: Morrison

text: to

text: order

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: the

text: stoppage

text: of

text: the

text: Daily

text: Worker

text: and

text: The

text: Week

text: the

text: Communist

text: newspaper

text: and

text: journal

question: What was the communist party agitated over?

answer: the need for bomb-proof shelters.

text: the need for bomb-proof shelters.

question: What did Londoners use for bomb-shelters?

answer: Underground railway system

text: Underground railway system

question: What did Morrison warn he couldn't do?

answer: that he could not counter the Communist unrest unless provision of shelters were made.

text: that he could not counter the Communist unrest unless provision of shelters were made.

question: Who did the Communists blame for the damage in the Conventry raids?

answer: the rich factory owners, big business and landowning interests

text: the rich factory owners, big business and landowning interests

question: What was Morrison forced to do in response to the Communist Party?

answer: the stoppage of the Daily Worker and The Week; the Communist newspaper and journal.

text: the stoppage of the Daily Worker and The Week; the Communist newspaper and journal.


text: Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo in a poll commissioned by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Some

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: most

text: prominent

text: and

text: well

text: known

text: schools

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: Of

text: the

text: top

text: twenty

text: high

text: schools

text: in

text: Australia

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Better

text: Education

text: ranking

text: six

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: There

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: a

text: rapid

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: International

text: students

text: studying

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Furthermore

text: Melbourne

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: top

text: university

text: city

text: in

text: after

text: London

text: Boston

text: and

text: Tokyo

text: in

text: a

text: poll

text: commissioned

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Melbourne

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Melbourne

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: seven

text: public

text: universities

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: Monash

text: University

text: Royal

text: Melbourne

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: RMIT

text: University

text: Deakin

text: University

text: La

text: Trobe

text: University

text: Swinburne

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Victoria

text: University

question: How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking?

answer: six

text: six

question: According to the Toyal Melbourne Institute of Technology, how did Melborne rank as a top university city in 2008?

answer: fourth

text: fourth

question: How many public universities are located in Melbourne?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Is the University of Melbourne a public or private institution?

answer: public

text: public

question: Has there been a recent increase or decrease in international students studying in Melbourne?

answer: rapid increase

text: rapid increase


text: Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: Since

text: Canadian

text: military

text: units

text: have

text: participated

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: operations

text: worldwide

text: and

text: completed

text: international

text: operations

text: Canadian

text: soldiers

text: sailors

text: and

text: aviators

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: world

text: class

text: professionals

text: through

text: conspicuous

text: service

text: during

text: these

text: conflicts

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: integral

text: participation

text: in

text: NATO

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: First

text: Gulf

text: War

text: Kosovo

text: War

text: and

text: in

text: United

text: Nations

text: Peacekeeping

text: operations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: Cyprus

text: Croatia

text: Bosnia

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Libya

text: Canada

text: maintained

text: an

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: from

text: to

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: which

text: never

text: saw

text: combat

text: but

text: participated

text: in

text: patrols

text: during

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Missile

text: Crisis

question: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?

answer: more than 200 operations

text: more than 200 operations

question: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?

answer: 72

question: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?

answer: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War

text: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War

question: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?

answer: United Nations Peacekeeping operations

text: United Nations Peacekeeping operations

question: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?

answer: an aircraft carrier

text: an aircraft carrier


text: President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, "I Like Ike". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: President

text: Truman

text: symbolizing

text: a

text: broad

text: based

text: desire

text: for

text: an

text: Eisenhower

text: candidacy

text: for

text: president

text: again

text: in

text: pressed

text: him

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: the

text: office

text: as

text: a

text: Democrat

text: It

text: was

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: voiced

text: his

text: disagreements

text: with

text: the

text: Democratic

text: party

text: and

text: declared

text: himself

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: to

text: be

text: Republicans

text: A

text: Draft

text: Eisenhower

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: persuaded

text: him

text: to

text: declare

text: his

text: candidacy

text: in

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: to

text: counter

text: the

text: candidacy

text: of

text: non

text: interventionist

text: Senator

text: Robert

text: A.

text: Taft

text: The

text: effort

text: was

text: a

text: long

text: struggle

text: Eisenhower

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: convinced

text: that

text: political

text: circumstances

text: had

text: created

text: a

text: genuine

text: duty

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: offer

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: candidate

text: and

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: mandate

text: from

text: the

text: populace

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: their

text: President

text: Henry

text: Cabot

text: Lodge

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: his

text: campaign

text: manager

text: and

text: others

text: succeeded

text: in

text: convincing

text: him

text: and

text: in

text: June

text: he

text: resigned

text: his

text: command

text: at

text: NATO

text: to

text: campaign

text: full

text: time

text: Eisenhower

text: defeated

text: Taft

text: for

text: the

text: nomination

text: having

text: won

text: critical

text: delegate

text: votes

text: from

text: Texas

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: campaign

text: was

text: noted

text: for

text: the

text: simple

text: but

text: effective

text: slogan

text: I

text: Like

text: Ike

text: It

text: was

text: essential

text: to

text: his

text: success

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: express

text: opposition

text: to

text: Roosevelt

text: 's

text: policy

text: at

text: Yalta

text: and

text: against

text: Truman

text: 's

text: policies

text: in

text: Korea

text: and

text: China

text: matters

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: had

text: once

text: participated

text: In

text: defeating

text: Taft

text: for

text: the

text: nomination

text: it

text: became

text: necessary

text: for

text: Eisenhower

text: to

text: appease

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: Old

text: Guard

text: of

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: his

text: selection

text: of

text: Richard

text: M.

text: Nixon

text: as

text: the

text: Vice

text: President

text: on

text: the

text: ticket

text: was

text: designed

text: in

text: part

text: for

text: that

text: purpose

text: Nixon

text: also

text: provided

text: a

text: strong

text: anti

text: communist

text: presence

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: youth

text: to

text: counter

text: Ike

text: 's

text: more

text: advanced

text: age

question: Who was President of the United States prior to Eisenhower?

answer: Truman

text: Truman

question: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party?

answer: Democratic

text: Democratic

question: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?

answer: Robert A. Taft

text: Robert A. Taft

question: What was Taft's political office?

answer: Senator

text: Senator

question: Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?

answer: Henry Cabot Lodge

text: Henry Cabot Lodge


text: Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Joséphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban; the Parc de Pourtalès, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel, and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture. The Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the Observatory of Strasbourg, built in 1881, and still owns some greenhouses of those times. The Parc des Contades, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. The futuristic Parc des Poteries is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. The Jardin des deux Rives, spread over Strasbourg and Kehl on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. The most recent park is Parc du Heyritz (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the hôpital civil.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Strasbourg

text: features

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: prominent

text: parks

text: of

text: which

text: several

text: are

text: of

text: cultural

text: and

text: historical

text: interest

text: the

text: Parc

text: de

text: l'Orangerie

text: laid

text: out

text: as

text: a

text: French

text: garden

text: by

text: André

text: le

text: Nôtre

text: and

text: remodeled

text: as

text: an

text: English

text: garden

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: Joséphine

text: de

text: Beauharnais

text: now

text: displaying

text: noteworthy

text: French

text: gardens

text: a

text: neo

text: classical

text: castle

text: and

text: a

text: small

text: zoo

text: the

text: Parc

text: de

text: la

text: Citadelle

text: built

text: around

text: impressive

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: fortress

text: erected

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Rhine

text: by

text: Vauban

text: the

text: Parc

text: de

text: Pourtalès

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: English

text: style

text: around

text: a

text: baroque

text: castle

text: heavily

text: restored

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: now

text: houses

text: a

text: small

text: three

text: star

text: hotel

text: and

text: featuring

text: an

text: open

text: air

text: museum

text: of

text: international

text: contemporary

text: sculpture

text: The

text: Jardin

text: botanique

text: de

text: l'Université

text: de

text: Strasbourg

text: botanical

text: garden

text: was

text: created

text: under

text: the

text: German

text: administration

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Observatory

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: still

text: owns

text: some

text: greenhouses

text: of

text: those

text: times

text: The

text: Parc

text: des

text: Contades

text: although

text: the

text: oldest

text: park

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: completely

text: remodeled

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: futuristic

text: Parc

text: des

text: Poteries

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: European

text: park

text: conception

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: Jardin

text: des

text: deux

text: Rives

text: spread

text: over

text: Strasbourg

text: and

text: Kehl

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extended

text: park

text: of

text: the

text: agglomeration

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: park

text: is

text: Parc

text: du

text: Heyritz

text: ha

text: opened

text: in

text: along

text: a

text: canal

text: facing

text: the

text: hôpital

text: civil

question: Who designed the Parc de l'Orangerie?

answer: André le Nôtre

text: André le Nôtre

question: What park has a small zoo in it?

answer: Parc de l'Orangerie

text: Parc de l'Orangerie

question: What park is built close to the Rhine by Vauban?

answer: Parc de la Citadelle

text: Parc de la Citadelle

question: What year was the Observatory of Strasbourg built?

answer: 1881

question: What is the oldest park in the city?

answer: Parc des Contades

text: Parc des Contades


text: After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers. The solution in 1954 was to open the Northland Center in nearby Southfield, just beyond the city limits. It was the largest suburban shopping center in the world, and quickly became the main shopping destination for northern and western Detroit, and for much of the suburbs. By 1961 the downtown skyscraper accounted for only half of Hudson's sales; it closed in 1986. The Northland Center Hudson's, rebranded Macy's in 2006 following acquisition by Federated Department Stores, was closed along with the remaining stores in the center in March 2015 due to the mall's high storefront vacancy, decaying infrastructure, and financial mismanagement.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Hudson

text: 's

text: realized

text: that

text: the

text: limited

text: parking

text: space

text: at

text: its

text: downtown

text: skyscraper

text: would

text: increasingly

text: be

text: a

text: problem

text: for

text: its

text: customers

text: The

text: solution

text: in

text: was

text: to

text: open

text: the

text: Northland

text: Center

text: in

text: nearby

text: Southfield

text: just

text: beyond

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: suburban

text: shopping

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: quickly

text: became

text: the

text: main

text: shopping

text: destination

text: for

text: northern

text: and

text: western

text: Detroit

text: and

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: suburbs

text: By

text: the

text: downtown

text: skyscraper

text: accounted

text: for

text: only

text: half

text: of

text: Hudson

text: 's

text: sales

text: it

text: closed

text: in

text: The

text: Northland

text: Center

text: Hudson

text: 's

text: rebranded

text: Macy

text: 's

text: in

text: following

text: acquisition

text: by

text: Federated

text: Department

text: Stores

text: was

text: closed

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: remaining

text: stores

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: in

text: March

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: mall

text: 's

text: high

text: storefront

text: vacancy

text: decaying

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: financial

text: mismanagement

question: In what year did Hudson's address the issue of parking within cities?

answer: 1954

question: What was the store called in Southfield?

answer: Northland Center

text: Northland Center

question: In what year did the Hudson's skyscraper close?

answer: 1986

question: What company purchased the Northland Center in 2006?

answer: Federated Department Stores

text: Federated Department Stores

question: What was the Northfield Center renamed after it's purchase by another company?

answer: Macy's

text: Macy's


text: Kerry's paternal grandparents, shoe businessman Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry and musician Ida Lowe, were immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Fred was born as "Fritz Kohn" before he and Ida took on the "Kerry" name and moved to the United States. Fred and Ida were born Jewish, and converted to Catholicism together in Austria. His maternal ancestors were of Scottish and English descent, and his maternal grandfather James Grant Forbes II was a member of the Forbes family, while his maternal grandmother Margaret Tyndal Winthrop was a member of the Dudley–Winthrop family. Margaret's paternal grandfather Robert Charles Winthrop served as the 22nd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. Robert's father was Governor Thomas Lindall Winthrop. Thomas' father John Still Winthrop was a great-great-grandson of Massachusetts Bay Colony Governor John Winthrop and great-grandson of Governor Thomas Dudley. Through his mother, John is a first cousin once removed of French politician Brice Lalonde.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: paternal

text: grandparents

text: shoe

text: businessman

text: Frederick

text: A.

text: Fred

text: Kerry

text: and

text: musician

text: Ida

text: Lowe

text: were

text: immigrants

text: from

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: Fred

text: was

text: born

text: as

text: Fritz

text: Kohn

text: before

text: he

text: and

text: Ida

text: took

text: on

text: the

text: Kerry

text: name

text: and

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Fred

text: and

text: Ida

text: were

text: born

text: Jewish

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: Catholicism

text: together

text: in

text: Austria

text: His

text: maternal

text: ancestors

text: were

text: of

text: Scottish

text: and

text: English

text: descent

text: and

text: his

text: maternal

text: grandfather

text: James

text: Grant

text: Forbes

text: II

text: was

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Forbes

text: family

text: while

text: his

text: maternal

text: grandmother

text: Margaret

text: Tyndal

text: Winthrop

text: was

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Dudley

text: Winthrop

text: family

text: Margaret

text: 's

text: paternal

text: grandfather

text: Robert

text: Charles

text: Winthrop

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: Robert

text: 's

text: father

text: was

text: Governor

text: Thomas

text: Lindall

text: Winthrop

text: Thomas

text: father

text: John

text: Still

text: Winthrop

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: great

text: grandson

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: Bay

text: Colony

text: Governor

text: John

text: Winthrop

text: and

text: great

text: grandson

text: of

text: Governor

text: Thomas

text: Dudley

text: Through

text: his

text: mother

text: John

text: is

text: a

text: first

text: cousin

text: once

text: removed

text: of

text: French

text: politician

text: Brice

text: Lalonde

question: Who was Kerry's paternal grandmother?

answer: Ida Lowe

text: Ida Lowe

question: Who was Kerry's paternal grandfather?

answer: Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry

text: Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry

question: What was Kerry's paternal grandmother's career?

answer: musician

text: musician

question: What was Kerry's paternal grandfather's career?

answer: shoe businessman

text: shoe businessman

question: Where did Kerry's paternal grandparents immigrate from?

answer: the Austro-Hungarian Empire

text: the Austro-Hungarian Empire


text: Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankincense (lubaan) or incense (cuunsi), which is prepared inside an incense burner referred to as a dabqaad.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Xalwo

text: halva

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: confection

text: eaten

text: during

text: festive

text: occasions

text: such

text: as

text: Eid

text: celebrations

text: or

text: wedding

text: receptions

text: It

text: is

text: made

text: from

text: sugar

text: corn

text: starch

text: cardamom

text: powder

text: nutmeg

text: powder

text: and

text: ghee

text: Peanuts

text: are

text: also

text: sometimes

text: added

text: to

text: enhance

text: texture

text: and

text: flavor

text: After

text: meals

text: homes

text: are

text: traditionally

text: perfumed

text: using

text: frankincense

text: lubaan

text: or

text: incense

text: cuunsi

text: which

text: is

text: prepared

text: inside

text: an

text: incense

text: burner

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: dabqaad

question: What is another term for xalwo?

answer: halva

text: halva

question: Along with wedding receptions, when is xalwo often consumed?

answer: Eid celebrations

text: Eid celebrations

question: What do the Somalis call frankincense?

answer: lubaan

text: lubaan

question: What is the English word for cunnsi?

answer: incense

text: incense

question: What do the Somalis call incense burners?

answer: dabqaad

text: dabqaad


text: In the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explaining that "Where the law is subject to some other authority and has none of its own, the collapse of the state, in my view, is not far off; but if law is the master of the government and the government is its slave, then the situation is full of promise and men enjoy all the blessings that the gods shower on a state." More than Plato attempted to do, Aristotle flatly opposed letting the highest officials wield power beyond guarding and serving the laws. In other words, Aristotle advocated the rule of law:

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: In

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greeks

text: initially

text: regarded

text: the

text: best

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: as

text: rule

text: by

text: the

text: best

text: men

text: Plato

text: advocated

text: a

text: benevolent

text: monarchy

text: ruled

text: by

text: an

text: idealized

text: philosopher

text: king

text: who

text: was

text: above

text: the

text: law

text: Plato

text: nevertheless

text: hoped

text: that

text: the

text: best

text: men

text: would

text: be

text: good

text: at

text: respecting

text: established

text: laws

text: explaining

text: that

text: Where

text: the

text: law

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: some

text: other

text: authority

text: and

text: has

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: my

text: view

text: is

text: not

text: far

text: off

text: but

text: if

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: master

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: its

text: slave

text: then

text: the

text: situation

text: is

text: full

text: of

text: promise

text: and

text: men

text: enjoy

text: all

text: the

text: blessings

text: that

text: the

text: gods

text: shower

text: on

text: a

text: state

text: More

text: than

text: Plato

text: attempted

text: to

text: do

text: Aristotle

text: flatly

text: opposed

text: letting

text: the

text: highest

text: officials

text: wield

text: power

text: beyond

text: guarding

text: and

text: serving

text: the

text: laws

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: Aristotle

text: advocated

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

question: On what principle did the Ancient Greeks first think was best for governance?

answer: rule by the best men

text: rule by the best men

question: According to Plato, who was above the law?

answer: king

text: king

question: What type of kingdom was purported by Plato?

answer: benevolent monarchy

text: benevolent monarchy

question: Under what rule did Aristotle believe a nation should be led?

answer: rule of law

text: rule of law

question: To what did Plato compare a government that follows laws?

answer: slave

text: slave