text: In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, "What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, "My tragedy". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: at

text: a

text: party

text: hosted

text: by

text: Marie

text: d'Agoult

text: Chopin

text: met

text: the

text: French

text: author

text: George

text: Sand

text: born

text: Amantine

text: Aurore

text: Lucile

text: Dupin

text: Short

text: under

text: five

text: feet

text: or

text: cm

text: dark

text: big

text: eyed

text: and

text: a

text: cigar

text: smoker

text: she

text: initially

text: repelled

text: Chopin

text: who

text: remarked

text: What

text: an

text: unattractive

text: person

text: la

text: Sand

text: is

text: Is

text: she

text: really

text: a

text: woman

text: However

text: by

text: early

text: Maria

text: Wodzińska

text: 's

text: mother

text: had

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: to

text: Chopin

text: in

text: correspondence

text: that

text: a

text: marriage

text: with

text: her

text: daughter

text: was

text: unlikely

text: to

text: proceed

text: It

text: is

text: thought

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: his

text: poor

text: health

text: and

text: possibly

text: also

text: by

text: rumours

text: about

text: his

text: associations

text: with

text: women

text: such

text: as

text: d'Agoult

text: and

text: Sand

text: Chopin

text: finally

text: placed

text: the

text: letters

text: from

text: Maria

text: and

text: her

text: mother

text: in

text: a

text: package

text: on

text: which

text: he

text: wrote

text: in

text: Polish

text: My

text: tragedy

text: Sand

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: Grzymała

text: of

text: June

text: admitted

text: strong

text: feelings

text: for

text: the

text: composer

text: and

text: debated

text: whether

text: to

text: abandon

text: a

text: current

text: affair

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: begin

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: Chopin

text: she

text: asked

text: Grzymała

text: to

text: assess

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: Maria

text: Wodzińska

text: without

text: realising

text: that

text: the

text: affair

text: at

text: least

text: from

text: Maria

text: 's

text: side

text: was

text: over

question: Who was the host of the gathering where Frédéric was introduced to George Sand?

answer: Marie d'Agoult

text: Marie d'Agoult

question: What did Frédéric label the place in which he placed Maria and her mother's letters about the unlikely marriage?

answer: My tragedy

text: My tragedy

question: Who did George Sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for Frédéric?

answer: Grzymała

text: Grzymała

question: What is the name of the author Chopin met at a gathering put on by Marie d'Agoult?

answer: George Sand

text: George Sand

question: What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska?

answer: his poor health

text: his poor health

question: What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother?

answer: My tragedy

text: My tragedy

question: Who hosted the party whre Chopin met George Sand?

answer: Marie d'Agoult

text: Marie d'Agoult

question: What year did Maria Wodzińska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?

answer: 1837

question: What did Chopin write on the package that contained letters from Maria and her mother?

answer: My tragedy

text: My tragedy

question: Who did Sand confide to in a letter about her feelings for Chopin in June, 1838?

answer: Grzymała

text: Grzymała


text: Aposematism, where organisms are brightly colored as a warning to predators, is the antithesis of camouflage. Some organisms pose a threat to their predators—for example they may be poisonous, or able to harm them physically. Aposematic coloring involves bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns. For example, bright coloration in Variable Checkerspot butterflies leads to decreased predation attempts by avian predators. Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid. While that particular prey organism may be killed, the coloring benefits the prey species as a whole.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: Aposematism

text: where

text: organisms

text: are

text: brightly

text: colored

text: as

text: a

text: warning

text: to

text: predators

text: is

text: the

text: antithesis

text: of

text: camouflage

text: Some

text: organisms

text: pose

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: their

text: predators

text: for

text: example

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: poisonous

text: or

text: able

text: to

text: harm

text: them

text: physically

text: Aposematic

text: coloring

text: involves

text: bright

text: easily

text: recognizable

text: and

text: unique

text: colors

text: and

text: patterns

text: For

text: example

text: bright

text: coloration

text: in

text: Variable

text: Checkerspot

text: butterflies

text: leads

text: to

text: decreased

text: predation

text: attempts

text: by

text: avian

text: predators

text: Upon

text: being

text: harmed

text: e.g.

text: stung

text: by

text: their

text: prey

text: the

text: appearance

text: in

text: such

text: an

text: organism

text: will

text: be

text: remembered

text: as

text: something

text: to

text: avoid

text: While

text: that

text: particular

text: prey

text: organism

text: may

text: be

text: killed

text: the

text: coloring

text: benefits

text: the

text: prey

text: species

text: as

text: a

text: whole

question: What scientific term is used to describe  organisms that are brightly colored as a warning to predators?

answer: Aposematism

text: Aposematism

question: Does aposematism benefit only the organism ddirectly, or the entire population as a whole?

answer: species as a whole

text: species as a whole

question: How does aposematism help a species population?

answer: Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid

text: Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid

question: What visual cues are characteristic of aposematism?

answer: bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns

text: bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns


text: A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a rich tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota), Augustana College (Rock Island, Illinois), Wartburg College (Waverly, Iowa), Luther College (Decorah, Iowa), Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota), Augustana College (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and Augsburg College (Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in a large choral setting.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: A

text: strong

text: and

text: prominent

text: a

text: cappella

text: tradition

text: was

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: midwest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: by

text: F.

text: Melius

text: Christiansen

text: a

text: music

text: faculty

text: member

text: at

text: St.

text: Olaf

text: College

text: in

text: Northfield

text: Minnesota

text: The

text: St.

text: Olaf

text: College

text: Choir

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: an

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: Lutheran

text: Church

text: where

text: Christiansen

text: was

text: organist

text: and

text: the

text: choir

text: was

text: composed

text: at

text: least

text: partially

text: of

text: students

text: from

text: the

text: nearby

text: St.

text: Olaf

text: campus

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: ensemble

text: was

text: emulated

text: by

text: other

text: regional

text: conductors

text: and

text: a

text: rich

text: tradition

text: of

text: a

text: cappella

text: choral

text: music

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: at

text: colleges

text: like

text: Concordia

text: College

text: Moorhead

text: Minnesota

text: Augustana

text: College

text: Rock

text: Island

text: Illinois

text: Wartburg

text: College

text: Waverly

text: Iowa

text: Luther

text: College

text: Decorah

text: Iowa

text: Gustavus

text: Adolphus

text: College

text: St.

text: Peter

text: Minnesota

text: Augustana

text: College

text: Sioux

text: Falls

text: South

text: Dakota

text: and

text: Augsburg

text: College

text: Minneapolis

text: Minnesota

text: The

text: choirs

text: typically

text: range

text: from

text: to

text: singers

text: and

text: are

text: recognized

text: for

text: their

text: efforts

text: to

text: perfect

text: blend

text: intonation

text: phrasing

text: and

text: pitch

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: choral

text: setting

question: When did a cappella begin to take hold in the United States?

answer: 1911

question: What was the name of the choir F. Mellus Christiansen used?

answer: The St. Olaf College Choir

text: The St. Olaf College Choir

question: Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence?

answer: other regional conductors

text: other regional conductors

question: How many singers are typically in the choirs?

answer: 40 to 80

text: 40 to 80


text: In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, and process human emotions. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer sciences, psychology, and cognitive science. While the origins of the field may be traced as far back as to early philosophical enquiries into emotion, the more modern branch of computer science originated with Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper on affective computing. Detecting emotional information begins with passive sensors which capture data about the user's physical state or behavior without interpreting the input. The data gathered is analogous to the cues humans use to perceive emotions in others. Another area within affective computing is the design of computational devices proposed to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that are capable of convincingly simulating emotions. Emotional speech processing recognizes the user's emotional state by analyzing speech patterns. The detection and processing of facial expression or body gestures is achieved through detectors and sensors.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: In

text: the

text: research

text: in

text: computer

text: science

text: engineering

text: psychology

text: and

text: neuroscience

text: has

text: been

text: aimed

text: at

text: developing

text: devices

text: that

text: recognize

text: human

text: affect

text: display

text: and

text: model

text: emotions

text: In

text: computer

text: science

text: affective

text: computing

text: is

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: that

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: systems

text: and

text: devices

text: that

text: can

text: recognize

text: interpret

text: and

text: process

text: human

text: emotions

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: interdisciplinary

text: field

text: spanning

text: computer

text: sciences

text: psychology

text: and

text: cognitive

text: science

text: While

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: may

text: be

text: traced

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: to

text: early

text: philosophical

text: enquiries

text: into

text: emotion

text: the

text: more

text: modern

text: branch

text: of

text: computer

text: science

text: originated

text: with

text: Rosalind

text: Picard

text: 's

text: paper

text: on

text: affective

text: computing

text: Detecting

text: emotional

text: information

text: begins

text: with

text: passive

text: sensors

text: which

text: capture

text: data

text: about

text: the

text: user

text: 's

text: physical

text: state

text: or

text: behavior

text: without

text: interpreting

text: the

text: input

text: The

text: data

text: gathered

text: is

text: analogous

text: to

text: the

text: cues

text: humans

text: use

text: to

text: perceive

text: emotions

text: in

text: others

text: Another

text: area

text: within

text: affective

text: computing

text: is

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: computational

text: devices

text: proposed

text: to

text: exhibit

text: either

text: innate

text: emotional

text: capabilities

text: or

text: that

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: convincingly

text: simulating

text: emotions

text: Emotional

text: speech

text: processing

text: recognizes

text: the

text: user

text: 's

text: emotional

text: state

text: by

text: analyzing

text: speech

text: patterns

text: The

text: detection

text: and

text: processing

text: of

text: facial

text: expression

text: or

text: body

text: gestures

text: is

text: achieved

text: through

text: detectors

text: and

text: sensors

question: Of what discipline is affective computing a branch?

answer: computer science

text: computer science

question: What is the foundational document of affective computing?

answer: Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper

text: Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper

question: In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user?

answer: passive sensors

text: passive sensors

question: How does emotional speech processing determine a user's emotional state?

answer: analyzing speech patterns

text: analyzing speech patterns


text: Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Lying

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Guam

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: destination

text: for

text: Japanese

text: tourists

text: Its

text: tourist

text: hub

text: Tumon

text: features

text: over

text: large

text: hotels

text: a

text: Duty

text: Free

text: Shoppers

text: Galleria

text: Pleasure

text: Island

text: district

text: indoor

text: aquarium

text: Sandcastle

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: styled

text: shows

text: and

text: other

text: shopping

text: and

text: entertainment

text: venues

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: relatively

text: short

text: flight

text: from

text: Asia

text: or

text: Australia

text: compared

text: to

text: Hawaii

text: with

text: hotels

text: and

text: seven

text: public

text: golf

text: courses

text: accommodating

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: tourists

text: per

text: year

text: Although

text: of

text: the

text: tourists

text: are

text: Japanese

text: Guam

text: receives

text: a

text: sizable

text: number

text: of

text: tourists

text: from

text: South

text: Korea

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: Significant

text: sources

text: of

text: revenue

text: include

text: duty

text: free

text: designer

text: shopping

text: outlets

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: style

text: malls

text: Micronesia

text: Mall

text: Guam

text: Premier

text: Outlets

text: the

text: Agana

text: Shopping

text: Center

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: Kmart.[citation

text: needed

question: What tourist commonly visits Guam?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?

answer: 20 large hotels

text: 20 large hotels

question: How many public golf courses does Guam currently have?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: About how many tourist visit Guam yearly?

answer: a million

text: a million

question: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?

answer: Kmart

text: Kmart


text: Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early analytic philosophy. The subject focuses on a number of basic issues, including whether or not time and space exist independently of the mind, whether they exist independently of one another, what accounts for time's apparently unidirectional flow, whether times other than the present moment exist, and questions about the nature of identity (particularly the nature of identity over time).

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: Philosophy

text: of

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: philosophy

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: issues

text: surrounding

text: the

text: ontology

text: epistemology

text: and

text: character

text: of

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: While

text: such

text: ideas

text: have

text: been

text: central

text: to

text: philosophy

text: from

text: its

text: inception

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: was

text: both

text: an

text: inspiration

text: for

text: and

text: a

text: central

text: aspect

text: of

text: early

text: analytic

text: philosophy

text: The

text: subject

text: focuses

text: on

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: basic

text: issues

text: including

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: exist

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: whether

text: they

text: exist

text: independently

text: of

text: one

text: another

text: what

text: accounts

text: for

text: time

text: 's

text: apparently

text: unidirectional

text: flow

text: whether

text: times

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: present

text: moment

text: exist

text: and

text: questions

text: about

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: identity

text: particularly

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: identity

text: over

text: time

question: Which philosophy branch is concerned with issues surrounding ontology?

answer: Philosophy of space and time

text: Philosophy of space and time

question: The philosophy of space and time was inspired by what kind of philosophy?

answer: early analytic philosophy

text: early analytic philosophy

question: The  philosophy of space and time focuses on whether or not time and space exist independently of what?

answer: the mind

text: the mind

question: The  philosophy of space and time focuses what kind of flow within time?

answer: unidirectional

text: unidirectional


text: On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a "hate hit list" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War. It was claimed that "Those listed [on the forum] should treat it very seriously. Expect a hate campaign and intimidation by 20 or 30 thugs." The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'. The story has since been removed from The Sun's website following complaints to the UK's Press Complaints Commission.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: January

text: The

text: Sun

text: ran

text: an

text: exclusive

text: front

text: page

text: story

text: claiming

text: that

text: participants

text: in

text: a

text: discussion

text: on

text: Ummah.com

text: a

text: British

text: Muslim

text: internet

text: forum

text: had

text: made

text: a

text: hate

text: hit

text: list

text: of

text: British

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: extremists

text: over

text: the

text: Gaza

text: War

text: It

text: was

text: claimed

text: that

text: Those

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: forum

text: should

text: treat

text: it

text: very

text: seriously

text: Expect

text: a

text: hate

text: campaign

text: and

text: intimidation

text: by

text: or

text: thugs

text: The

text: UK

text: magazine

text: Private

text: Eye

text: claimed

text: that

text: Glen

text: Jenvey

text: a

text: man

text: quoted

text: by

text: The

text: Sun

text: as

text: a

text: terrorism

text: expert

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: posting

text: to

text: the

text: forum

text: under

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: Abuislam

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: forum

text: member

text: promoting

text: a

text: hate

text: campaign

text: while

text: other

text: members

text: promoted

text: peaceful

text: advocacy

text: such

text: as

text: writing

text: polite

text: letters

text: The

text: story

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: removed

text: from

text: The

text: Sun

text: 's

text: website

text: following

text: complaints

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: Press

text: Complaints

text: Commission

question: What type of forum was the subject of a January 2009 front page story in The Sun?

answer: a British Muslim internet forum

text: a British Muslim internet forum

question: Who was said to be targeted in The Sun's front page story?

answer: a "hate hit list" of British Jews

text: a "hate hit list" of British Jews

question: What magazine refuted the claims made by The Sun in its article about the forum?

answer: Private Eye

text: Private Eye

question: According to Private Eye who was the only forum member expressing wishes for a hate campaign?

answer: Glen Jenvey

text: Glen Jenvey

question: Complaints to which body led to The Sun removing the story from its website?

answer: UK's Press Complaints Commission

text: UK's Press Complaints Commission


text: Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with much stronger signal transmissions. The concept was the same as the Lorenz system. Two aerials were rotated for the two converging beams which were pointed to cross directly over the target. The German bombers would attach themselves to either beam and fly along it until they started to pick up the signal from the other beam. When a continuous sound was heard from the second beam the crew knew they were above the target and began dropping their bombs.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Bomber

text: crews

text: already

text: had

text: some

text: experience

text: with

text: these

text: types

text: of

text: systems

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: deployment

text: of

text: the

text: Lorenz

text: beam

text: a

text: commercial

text: blind

text: landing

text: aid

text: which

text: allowed

text: aircraft

text: to

text: land

text: at

text: night

text: or

text: in

text: bad

text: weather

text: The

text: Germans

text: developed

text: the

text: short

text: range

text: Lorenz

text: system

text: into

text: the

text: Knickebein

text: aid

text: a

text: system

text: which

text: used

text: two

text: Lorenz

text: beams

text: with

text: much

text: stronger

text: signal

text: transmissions

text: The

text: concept

text: was

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: Lorenz

text: system

text: Two

text: aerials

text: were

text: rotated

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: converging

text: beams

text: which

text: were

text: pointed

text: to

text: cross

text: directly

text: over

text: the

text: target

text: The

text: German

text: bombers

text: would

text: attach

text: themselves

text: to

text: either

text: beam

text: and

text: fly

text: along

text: it

text: until

text: they

text: started

text: to

text: pick

text: up

text: the

text: signal

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: beam

text: When

text: a

text: continuous

text: sound

text: was

text: heard

text: from

text: the

text: second

text: beam

text: the

text: crew

text: knew

text: they

text: were

text: above

text: the

text: target

text: and

text: began

text: dropping

text: their

text: bombs

question: What did the Lorenz beam allow aircraft to do?

answer: land at night or in bad weather

text: land at night or in bad weather

question: The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system?

answer: Knickebein

text: Knickebein

question: The Knickebein was the same as the Lorenz but used how many beams?

answer: two Lorenz beams

text: two Lorenz beams

question: The Germans flew along one beam until they picked up the second beam the sound telling them when to start doing what?

answer: dropping their bombs

text: dropping their bombs


text: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: FA

text: Cup

text: winners

text: qualify

text: for

text: the

text: following

text: season

text: 's

text: UEFA

text: Europa

text: League

text: formerly

text: named

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: until

text: they

text: entered

text: the

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: instead

text: This

text: European

text: place

text: applies

text: even

text: if

text: the

text: team

text: is

text: relegated

text: or

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: top

text: flight

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: if

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: winning

text: team

text: also

text: qualified

text: for

text: the

text: following

text: season

text: 's

text: Champions

text: League

text: or

text: Europa

text: League

text: through

text: their

text: league

text: position

text: then

text: the

text: losing

text: FA

text: Cup

text: finalist

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: Europa

text: League

text: place

text: instead

text: FA

text: Cup

text: winners

text: enter

text: the

text: Europa

text: League

text: at

text: the

text: group

text: stage

text: Losing

text: finalists

text: if

text: they

text: entered

text: the

text: Europa

text: League

text: began

text: earlier

text: at

text: the

text: play

text: off

text: or

text: third

text: qualifying

text: round

text: stage

text: From

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Europa

text: League

text: season

text: however

text: UEFA

text: will

text: not

text: allow

text: the

text: runners

text: up

text: to

text: qualify

text: for

text: the

text: Europa

text: League

text: through

text: the

text: competition

question: What is the cup called now?

answer: Cup Winners' Cup

text: Cup Winners' Cup

question: Does the loser of the cup gain anything?

answer: the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place

text: the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place

question: Did that used to have a different name?

answer: formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998

text: formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998

question: what about the FA Cup winner?

answer: FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage.

text: FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage.

question: Do the FA Cup winners qualify for anything?

answer: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League

text: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League


text: Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: a

text: broad

text: plain

text: between

text: the

text: Florida

text: Everglades

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: which

text: also

text: extends

text: from

text: Florida

text: Bay

text: north

text: to

text: Lake

text: Okeechobee

text: The

text: elevation

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: never

text: rises

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: averages

text: at

text: around

text: ft

text: m

text: above

text: mean

text: sea

text: level

text: in

text: most

text: neighborhoods

text: especially

text: near

text: the

text: coast

text: The

text: highest

text: undulations

text: are

text: found

text: along

text: the

text: coastal

text: Miami

text: Rock

text: Ridge

text: whose

text: substrate

text: underlies

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: The

text: main

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: which

text: contains

text: several

text: hundred

text: natural

text: and

text: artificially

text: created

text: barrier

text: islands

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: contains

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: and

text: South

text: Beach

text: The

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: a

text: warm

text: ocean

text: current

text: runs

text: northward

text: just

text: miles

text: km

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: allowing

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: climate

text: to

text: stay

text: warm

text: and

text: mild

text: all

text: year

question: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami?

answer: east

text: east

question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?

answer: west

text: west

question: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay?

answer: Lake Okeechobee

text: Lake Okeechobee

question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast?

answer: 24

question: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area?

answer: 1.8


text: Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Economic

text: and

text: political

text: migrations

text: made

text: an

text: impact

text: across

text: the

text: empire

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Russian

text: and

text: Austria

text: Habsburg

text: annexation

text: of

text: the

text: Crimean

text: and

text: Balkan

text: regions

text: respectively

text: saw

text: large

text: influxes

text: of

text: Muslim

text: refugees

text: Crimean

text: Tartars

text: fleeing

text: to

text: Dobruja

text: Between

text: and

text: approximately

text: million

text: refugees

text: flooded

text: into

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: from

text: Russia

text: Some

text: migrations

text: left

text: indelible

text: marks

text: such

text: as

text: political

text: tension

text: between

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: e.g.

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: whereas

text: centrifugal

text: effects

text: were

text: noticed

text: in

text: other

text: territories

text: simpler

text: demographics

text: emerging

text: from

text: diverse

text: populations

text: Economies

text: were

text: also

text: impacted

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: artisans

text: merchants

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: agriculturists

text: Since

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: Muslim

text: peoples

text: from

text: the

text: Balkans

text: emigrated

text: to

text: present

text: day

text: Turkey

text: These

text: people

text: are

text: called

text: Muhacir

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: in

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: Turkey

text: was

text: descended

text: from

text: Muslim

text: refugees

text: from

text: Russia

question: The annexation of what two regions resulted in large groups of Muslim refugees coming into the empire?

answer: the Crimean and Balkan regions

text: the Crimean and Balkan regions

question: Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja?

answer: Crimean Tartars

text: Crimean Tartars

question: How many refugees fled Russia to the Ottoman Empire from 1783 to 1913?

answer: 3.8 million

text: 3.8 million

question: What are the people from the Balkans who emigrated to Turkey called?

answer: Muhacir

text: Muhacir

question: In what year did the Ottoman Empire end?

answer: 1922


text: From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company of British Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic stagnation. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched with the leading party involved being the Indian National Congress which was later joined by other organizations. The subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: From

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: India

text: were

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: of

text: British

text: Empire

text: Dissatisfaction

text: with

text: Company

text: rule

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Rebellion

text: of

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: provinces

text: of

text: India

text: were

text: directly

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: and

text: witnessed

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: both

text: rapid

text: development

text: of

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: economic

text: stagnation

text: During

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: nationwide

text: struggle

text: for

text: independence

text: was

text: launched

text: with

text: the

text: leading

text: party

text: involved

text: being

text: the

text: Indian

text: National

text: Congress

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: joined

text: by

text: other

text: organizations

text: The

text: subcontinent

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: British

text: provinces

text: were

text: partitioned

text: into

text: the

text: dominions

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: the

text: princely

text: states

text: all

text: acceded

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: states

question: What company annexed large areas of India in the 18th and 19th centuries?

answer: British East India Company

text: British East India Company

question: What effect did Company rule in India produce in 1857?

answer: Indian Rebellion

text: Indian Rebellion

question: After the Rebellion who administered the British provinces of India?

answer: British Crown

text: British Crown

question: The rapid development of what did British rule cause in India?

answer: infrastructure

text: infrastructure

question: What party was the leader in the Indian independence movement of the 20th century?

answer: Indian National Congress

text: Indian National Congress


text: Alternatives to pesticides are available and include methods of cultivation, use of biological pest controls (such as pheromones and microbial pesticides), genetic engineering, and methods of interfering with insect breeding. Application of composted yard waste has also been used as a way of controlling pests. These methods are becoming increasingly popular and often are safer than traditional chemical pesticides. In addition, EPA is registering reduced-risk conventional pesticides in increasing numbers.

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: Alternatives

text: to

text: pesticides

text: are

text: available

text: and

text: include

text: methods

text: of

text: cultivation

text: use

text: of

text: biological

text: pest

text: controls

text: such

text: as

text: pheromones

text: and

text: microbial

text: pesticides

text: genetic

text: engineering

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: interfering

text: with

text: insect

text: breeding

text: Application

text: of

text: composted

text: yard

text: waste

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: controlling

text: pests

text: These

text: methods

text: are

text: becoming

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: and

text: often

text: are

text: safer

text: than

text: traditional

text: chemical

text: pesticides

text: In

text: addition

text: EPA

text: is

text: registering

text: reduced

text: risk

text: conventional

text: pesticides

text: in

text: increasing

text: numbers

question: What is one thing that can be used in place of pesticides?

answer: methods of cultivation

text: methods of cultivation

question: What natural product can be used to control pests?

answer: composted yard waste

text: composted yard waste

question: Why are alternative methods of pest control gaining popularity?

answer: safer than traditional chemical pesticides

text: safer than traditional chemical pesticides

question: What agency has offered acceptance of safer pesticides?

answer: EPA

text: EPA

question: What is one non chemical way of dealing with pests?

answer: interfering with insect breeding

text: interfering with insect breeding


text: The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS), Lycée français François-Mitterrand (LfFM) and Maple Bear Canadian School. August 2016 will see the opening of a new international school - The British School of Brasilia. Brasília has two universities, three university centers, and many private colleges.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: language

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: national

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: language

text: taught

text: in

text: schools

text: English

text: and

text: Spanish

text: are

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: curriculum

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: six

text: international

text: schools

text: American

text: School

text: of

text: Brasília

text: Brasília

text: International

text: School

text: BIS

text: Escola

text: das

text: Nações

text: Swiss

text: International

text: School

text: SIS

text: Lycée

text: français

text: François

text: Mitterrand

text: LfFM

text: and

text: Maple

text: Bear

text: Canadian

text: School

text: August

text: will

text: see

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: international

text: school

text: The

text: British

text: School

text: of

text: Brasilia

text: Brasília

text: has

text: two

text: universities

text: three

text: university

text: centers

text: and

text: many

text: private

text: colleges

question: What is Brazil's official language?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: What languages besides Portuguese are taught in Brasilia's schools?

answer: English and Spanish

text: English and Spanish

question: How many international schools are in Brasilia?

answer: six

text: six

question: When will a new international school open in Brasilia?

answer: August 2016

text: August 2016

question: What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be?

answer: British

text: British


text: According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). The U.S. Census considers the Bronx to be the most diverse area in the country. There is an 89.7 percent chance that any two residents, chosen at random, would be of different race or ethnicity.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: of

text: Hispanic

text: Latino

text: or

text: Spanish

text: origin

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: Black

text: or

text: African

text: American

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: White

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: Asian

text: from

text: some

text: other

text: race

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: and

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: considers

text: the

text: Bronx

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: There

text: is

text: an

text: percent

text: chance

text: that

text: any

text: two

text: residents

text: chosen

text: at

text: random

text: would

text: be

text: of

text: different

text: race

text: or

text: ethnicity

question: How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic?

answer: 53.5%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic White?

answer: 10.9%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Black?

answer: 30.1%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Asian?

answer: 3.4%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic multiracial?

answer: 1.2%


text: The Crimean War was one of the first conflicts to use modern technologies such as explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs.(Preface) The war was one of the first to be documented extensively in written reports and photographs. As the legend of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war quickly became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. The reaction in the UK was a demand for professionalization, most famously achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering modern nursing while treating the wounded.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Crimean

text: War

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: conflicts

text: to

text: use

text: modern

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: explosive

text: naval

text: shells

text: railways

text: and

text: telegraphs.(Preface

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: be

text: documented

text: extensively

text: in

text: written

text: reports

text: and

text: photographs

text: As

text: the

text: legend

text: of

text: the

text: Charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: demonstrates

text: the

text: war

text: quickly

text: became

text: an

text: iconic

text: symbol

text: of

text: logistical

text: medical

text: and

text: tactical

text: failures

text: and

text: mismanagement

text: The

text: reaction

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: was

text: a

text: demand

text: for

text: professionalization

text: most

text: famously

text: achieved

text: by

text: Florence

text: Nightingale

text: who

text: gained

text: worldwide

text: attention

text: for

text: pioneering

text: modern

text: nursing

text: while

text: treating

text: the

text: wounded

question: What modern technologies were first used during the Crimean War?

answer: explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs

text: explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs

question: Who was recognized for treating the wounded while pioneering modern nursing?

answer: Florence Nightingale

text: Florence Nightingale

question: The war was one of the first to be documented in what two ways?

answer: written reports and photographs

text: written reports and photographs


text: In the beginning, racial classifications that identified race were inherently suspect and subject to strict scrutiny. These classifications would only be upheld if necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest. Later the U.S. Supreme Court decided that racial classifications that benefited underrepresented minorities were to only be upheld if necessary and promoted a compelling governmental purpose. (See Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.) There is no clear guidance about when government action is not "compelling", and such rulings are rare.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: the

text: beginning

text: racial

text: classifications

text: that

text: identified

text: race

text: were

text: inherently

text: suspect

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: strict

text: scrutiny

text: These

text: classifications

text: would

text: only

text: be

text: upheld

text: if

text: necessary

text: to

text: promote

text: a

text: compelling

text: governmental

text: interest

text: Later

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decided

text: that

text: racial

text: classifications

text: that

text: benefited

text: underrepresented

text: minorities

text: were

text: to

text: only

text: be

text: upheld

text: if

text: necessary

text: and

text: promoted

text: a

text: compelling

text: governmental

text: purpose

text: See

text: Richmond

text: v.

text: J.A.

text: Croson

text: Co.

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: clear

text: guidance

text: about

text: when

text: government

text: action

text: is

text: not

text: compelling

text: and

text: such

text: rulings

text: are

text: rare

question: What kind of classification was subject to strict scrutiny?

answer: racial

text: racial

question: What was the only situation in which a racial classification could be considered acceptable?

answer: necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest

text: necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest

question: Who later confirmed that racial classifications were only to be upheld if they were necessary?

answer: U.S. Supreme Court

text: U.S. Supreme Court

question: What is an example case that can help display where upholding a racial classification is beneficial?

answer: Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.

text: Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.


text: Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period (211-280); the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern Dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317-589; the Southern Tang, one of the Ten Kingdoms (937-76); the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368-1421); and the Republic of China (1927–37, 1945–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and suffered appalling atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre. It has been serving as the capital city of Jiangsu province after the China was established, and is still the nominal capital of Republic of China that accommodates many of its important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Art Museum.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: cities

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: thousand

text: years

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Four

text: Great

text: Ancient

text: Capitals

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: aggregately

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: years

text: enjoyed

text: peace

text: and

text: prosperity

text: and

text: beared

text: wars

text: and

text: disasters

text: Nanjing

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Wu

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: period

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Jin

text: and

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Dynasties

text: Liu

text: Song

text: Southern

text: Qi

text: Liang

text: and

text: Chen

text: which

text: successively

text: ruled

text: southern

text: China

text: from

text: the

text: Southern

text: Tang

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Kingdoms

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: when

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: all

text: of

text: China

text: was

text: ruled

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: prior

text: to

text: its

text: flight

text: to

text: Taiwan

text: during

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: rebel

text: Taiping

text: Heavenly

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: Japanese

text: puppet

text: regime

text: of

text: Wang

text: Jingwei

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: and

text: suffered

text: appalling

text: atrocities

text: in

text: both

text: conflicts

text: including

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: Massacre

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: serving

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: province

text: after

text: the

text: China

text: was

text: established

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: nominal

text: capital

text: of

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: that

text: accommodates

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: important

text: heritage

text: sites

text: including

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Palace

text: and

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: Mausoleum

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: human

text: historical

text: landscapes

text: mountains

text: and

text: waters

text: such

text: as

text: Fuzimiao

text: Ming

text: Palace

text: Chaotian

text: Palace

text: Porcelain

text: Tower

text: Drum

text: Tower

text: Stone

text: City

text: City

text: Wall

text: Qinhuai

text: River

text: Xuanwu

text: Lake

text: and

text: Purple

text: Mountain

text: Key

text: cultural

text: facilities

text: include

text: Nanjing

text: Library

text: Nanjing

text: Museum

text: and

text: Art

text: Museum

question: How long has Nanjing been important?

answer: over a thousand years

text: over a thousand years

question: How many Great Ancient Capitals does China have?

answer: Four

text: Four

question: What city is considered to be the nominal capital of the Republic of China?

answer: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

question: What mausoleum is in Nanjing?

answer: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

text: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

question: What city was the capital of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era?

answer: Nanjing

text: Nanjing


text: Under the millet system, non-Muslim people were considered subjects of the Empire, but were not subject to the Muslim faith or Muslim law. The Orthodox millet, for instance, was still officially legally subject to Justinian's Code, which had been in effect in the Byzantine Empire for 900 years. Also, as the largest group of non-Muslim subjects (or zimmi) of the Islamic Ottoman state, the Orthodox millet was granted a number of special privileges in the fields of politics and commerce, and had to pay higher taxes than Muslim subjects.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Under

text: the

text: millet

text: system

text: non

text: Muslim

text: people

text: were

text: considered

text: subjects

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: Muslim

text: faith

text: or

text: Muslim

text: law

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: millet

text: for

text: instance

text: was

text: still

text: officially

text: legally

text: subject

text: to

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: Code

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: effect

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: for

text: years

text: Also

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: non

text: Muslim

text: subjects

text: or

text: zimmi

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: millet

text: was

text: granted

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: special

text: privileges

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: politics

text: and

text: commerce

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: pay

text: higher

text: taxes

text: than

text: Muslim

text: subjects

question: What system deemed non-Muslims subjects of the empire but unbound by Muslim law?

answer: the millet system

text: the millet system

question: What code had been active for 900 years in the Byzantine empire?

answer: Justinian's Code

text: Justinian's Code

question: What were non-Muslims also known as in the Islamic Ottoman State?

answer: zimmi

text: zimmi

question: Being a non-muslim in the Empire resulted in what as it related to taxes?

answer: higher taxes

text: higher taxes

question: What millet was subject to Justinian's Code?

answer: The Orthodox millet

text: The Orthodox millet


text: Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The U.S. Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Hard

text: fought

text: battles

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: home

text: islands

text: of

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: Okinawa

text: and

text: others

text: resulted

text: in

text: horrific

text: casualties

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: but

text: finally

text: produced

text: a

text: Japanese

text: defeat

text: Of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: troops

text: defending

text: Okinawa

text: percent

text: died

text: Faced

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: experienced

text: pilots

text: the

text: Japanese

text: increased

text: their

text: use

text: of

text: kamikaze

text: tactics

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: create

text: unacceptably

text: high

text: casualties

text: for

text: the

text: Allies

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: proposed

text: to

text: force

text: a

text: Japanese

text: surrender

text: through

text: a

text: total

text: naval

text: blockade

text: and

text: air

text: raids

question: What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa?

answer: 94

question: Using a total blockade and air raids, what did the US Navy hope to force?

answer: Japanese surrender

text: Japanese surrender

question: How many Japanese troops defended Okinawa?

answer: 117,000

question: How did the Japanese attempt to cause high Allied casualties?

answer: kamikaze tactics

text: kamikaze tactics


text: Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Historical

text: records

text: show

text: evidence

text: of

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: and

text: Pyrenees

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: Jewish

text: settlers

text: moving

text: from

text: southern

text: European

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: centers

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: begun

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: especially

text: along

text: the

text: Rhine

text: often

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: new

text: economic

text: opportunities

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: invitation

text: of

text: local

text: Christian

text: rulers

text: Thus

text: Baldwin

text: V

text: Count

text: of

text: Flanders

text: invited

text: Jacob

text: ben

text: Yekutiel

text: and

text: his

text: fellow

text: Jews

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: his

text: lands

text: and

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: of

text: England

text: William

text: the

text: Conqueror

text: likewise

text: extended

text: a

text: welcome

text: to

text: continental

text: Jews

text: to

text: take

text: up

text: residence

text: there

text: Bishop

text: Rüdiger

text: Huzmann

text: called

text: on

text: the

text: Jews

text: of

text: Mainz

text: to

text: relocate

text: to

text: Speyer

text: In

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: decisions

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: Jews

text: had

text: the

text: know

text: how

text: and

text: capacity

text: to

text: jump

text: start

text: the

text: economy

text: improve

text: revenues

text: and

text: enlarge

text: trade

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: prominent

text: role

text: Typically

text: Jews

text: relocated

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: markets

text: and

text: churches

text: in

text: town

text: centres

text: where

text: though

text: they

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: both

text: royal

text: and

text: ecclesiastical

text: powers

text: they

text: were

text: accorded

text: administrative

text: autonomy

question: Jewish communities were seen north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as which centuries?

answer: 8th and 9th century

text: 8th and 9th century

question: Jewish settlers appear along the Rhine by what century?

answer: 11th century

text: 11th century

question: What two factors contributed the increase in Jewish settlers along the Rhine and other similar areas?

answer: often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers

text: often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers


text: Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Comic

text: strips

text: are

text: generally

text: short

text: multipanel

text: comics

text: that

text: traditionally

text: most

text: commonly

text: appeared

text: in

text: newspapers

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: daily

text: strips

text: have

text: normally

text: occupied

text: a

text: single

text: tier

text: while

text: Sunday

text: strips

text: have

text: been

text: given

text: multiple

text: tiers

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: daily

text: strips

text: were

text: typically

text: in

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: and

text: Sundays

text: were

text: usually

text: in

text: colour

text: and

text: often

text: occupied

text: a

text: full

text: page

question: Where do comics usually appear?

answer: newspapers

text: newspapers


text: The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, two additional districts were to be added. The city of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however, as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter, the two additional districts were added for, and the positions filled during, the August 2011 elections.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: The

text: original

text: city

text: council

text: line

text: up

text: of

text: members

text: nine

text: district

text: based

text: and

text: five

text: at

text: large

text: positions

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: U.S.

text: Justice

text: Department

text: mandate

text: which

text: took

text: effect

text: in

text: At

text: large

text: council

text: members

text: represent

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: Under

text: the

text: city

text: charter

text: once

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: exceeded

text: million

text: residents

text: two

text: additional

text: districts

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: added

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Houston

text: 's

text: official

text: census

text: count

text: was

text: shy

text: of

text: the

text: required

text: number

text: however

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: expected

text: to

text: grow

text: beyond

text: million

text: shortly

text: thereafter

text: the

text: two

text: additional

text: districts

text: were

text: added

text: for

text: and

text: the

text: positions

text: filled

text: during

text: the

text: August

text: elections

question: How many members did the original Houston city council have?

answer: 14

question: How many at-large positions were there originally?

answer: five

text: five

question: What areas do at-large council members represent?

answer: entire city

text: entire city

question: What population figure needs to be passed to add at large council members?

answer: 2.1 million

text: 2.1 million

question: How many at-large council members were added in the 2011 elections?

answer: two

text: two


text: Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' homes have access to the Internet, and more than 90% of American adolescents use the Internet at least occasionally. As a result of the amount of time adolescents spend using these devices, their total media exposure is high. In the last decade, the amount of time that adolescents spend on the computer has greatly increased. Online activities with the highest rates of use among adolescents are video games (78% of adolescents), email (73%), instant messaging (68%), social networking sites (65%), news sources (63%), music (59%), and videos (57%).

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Because

text: exposure

text: to

text: media

text: has

text: increased

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: decade

text: adolescents

text: utilization

text: of

text: computers

text: cell

text: phones

text: stereos

text: and

text: televisions

text: to

text: gain

text: access

text: to

text: various

text: mediums

text: of

text: popular

text: culture

text: has

text: also

text: increased

text: Almost

text: all

text: American

text: households

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: television

text: more

text: than

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: all

text: adolescents

text: homes

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: American

text: adolescents

text: use

text: the

text: Internet

text: at

text: least

text: occasionally

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: adolescents

text: spend

text: using

text: these

text: devices

text: their

text: total

text: media

text: exposure

text: is

text: high

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: decade

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: that

text: adolescents

text: spend

text: on

text: the

text: computer

text: has

text: greatly

text: increased

text: Online

text: activities

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: rates

text: of

text: use

text: among

text: adolescents

text: are

text: video

text: games

text: of

text: adolescents

text: email

text: instant

text: messaging

text: social

text: networking

text: sites

text: news

text: sources

text: music

text: and

text: videos

question: What percentage of adolescent homes have access to the internet?

answer: more than three-quarters

text: more than three-quarters

question: What percentage of adolescents use the internet at least occasionally?

answer: 90%

question: In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased?

answer: greatly increased

text: greatly increased

question: What percentage of adolescents report using social networking sites?

answer: (65%)

question: What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation?

answer: video games

text: video games


text: Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837).

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: took

text: the

text: new

text: salon

text: genre

text: of

text: the

text: nocturne

text: invented

text: by

text: the

text: Irish

text: composer

text: John

text: Field

text: to

text: a

text: deeper

text: level

text: of

text: sophistication

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: write

text: ballades

text: and

text: scherzi

text: as

text: individual

text: concert

text: pieces

text: He

text: essentially

text: established

text: a

text: new

text: genre

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: set

text: of

text: free

text: standing

text: preludes

text: Op

text: published

text: He

text: exploited

text: the

text: poetic

text: potential

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: concert

text: étude

text: already

text: being

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: by

text: Liszt

text: Clementi

text: and

text: Moscheles

text: in

text: his

text: two

text: sets

text: of

text: studies

text: Op

text: published

text: in

text: Op

text: in

question: Who is credited with creating the nocturne?

answer: John Field

text: John Field

question: Chopin was the first person to create what as singular concert pieces?

answer: ballades and scherzi

text: ballades and scherzi

question: What new genre di John Field invent?

answer: nocturne

text: nocturne

question: Chopin was first in writing what for concerts?

answer: ballades and scherzi

text: ballades and scherzi

question: What musical concept did Chopin exploit?

answer: concert étude

text: concert étude

question: What three other musicians were developing the new genre?

answer: Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles

text: Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles


text: Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, through diffusion or acculturation. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily its meaning) moves from one culture to another. For example, hamburgers, fast food in the United States, seemed exotic when introduced into China. "Stimulus diffusion" (the sharing of ideas) refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention or propagation in another. "Direct Borrowing" on the other hand tends to refer to technological or tangible diffusion from one culture to another. Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: Cultures

text: are

text: externally

text: affected

text: via

text: contact

text: between

text: societies

text: which

text: may

text: also

text: produce

text: or

text: inhibit

text: social

text: shifts

text: and

text: changes

text: in

text: cultural

text: practices

text: War

text: or

text: competition

text: over

text: resources

text: may

text: impact

text: technological

text: development

text: or

text: social

text: dynamics

text: Additionally

text: cultural

text: ideas

text: may

text: transfer

text: from

text: one

text: society

text: to

text: another

text: through

text: diffusion

text: or

text: acculturation

text: In

text: diffusion

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: something

text: though

text: not

text: necessarily

text: its

text: meaning

text: moves

text: from

text: one

text: culture

text: to

text: another

text: For

text: example

text: hamburgers

text: fast

text: food

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: seemed

text: exotic

text: when

text: introduced

text: into

text: China

text: Stimulus

text: diffusion

text: the

text: sharing

text: of

text: ideas

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: one

text: culture

text: leading

text: to

text: an

text: invention

text: or

text: propagation

text: in

text: another

text: Direct

text: Borrowing

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: tends

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: technological

text: or

text: tangible

text: diffusion

text: from

text: one

text: culture

text: to

text: another

text: Diffusion

text: of

text: innovations

text: theory

text: presents

text: a

text: research

text: based

text: model

text: of

text: why

text: and

text: when

text: individuals

text: and

text: cultures

text: adopt

text: new

text: ideas

text: practices

text: and

text: products

question: What may impact social dynamics and technical development?

answer: War or competition over resources

text: War or competition over resources

question: In the example given, what seemed exotic when introduced into China but is common in the United States?

answer: fast food

text: fast food

question: What does the term Stimulus diffusion mean?

answer: the sharing of ideas

text: the sharing of ideas

question: Which theory consist of cultured adopting new practices,ideas, and products?

answer: Diffusion of innovations

text: Diffusion of innovations


text: 3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensive branch and loop lines in Montana, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (now New Jersey Transit, converted to 25 kV AC) in the United States, and the Kolkata suburban railway (Bardhaman Main Line) in India, before it was converted to 25 kV 50 Hz AC.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: kV

text: DC

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: Belgium

text: Italy

text: Spain

text: Poland

text: the

text: northern

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: South

text: Africa

text: Chile

text: and

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: countries

text: also

text: using

text: kV

text: Hz

text: AC

text: It

text: was

text: formerly

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Milwaukee

text: Road

text: from

text: Harlowton

text: Montana

text: to

text: Seattle

text: Tacoma

text: across

text: the

text: Continental

text: Divide

text: and

text: including

text: extensive

text: branch

text: and

text: loop

text: lines

text: in

text: Montana

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Delaware

text: Lackawanna

text: Western

text: Railroad

text: now

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Transit

text: converted

text: to

text: kV

text: AC

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Kolkata

text: suburban

text: railway

text: Bardhaman

text: Main

text: Line

text: in

text: India

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: converted

text: to

text: kV

text: Hz

text: AC

question: What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile?

answer: 3 kV DC

text: 3 kV DC

question: Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries?

answer: 25 kV 50 Hz AC

text: 25 kV 50 Hz AC

question: What was New Jersey Transit called before?

answer: Western Railroad

text: Western Railroad

question: What does the railway system of US use DC or AC?

answer: AC

text: AC


text: In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: In

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: of

text: January

text: Holland

text: and

text: Zeeland

text: were

text: granted

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: accept

text: only

text: one

text: religion

text: in

text: practice

text: Calvinism

text: Every

text: other

text: province

text: had

text: the

text: freedom

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: religious

text: question

text: as

text: it

text: wished

text: although

text: the

text: Union

text: stated

text: every

text: person

text: should

text: be

text: free

text: in

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: personal

text: religion

text: and

text: that

text: no

text: person

text: should

text: be

text: prosecuted

text: based

text: on

text: religious

text: choice

text: William

text: of

text: Orange

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: strong

text: supporter

text: of

text: public

text: and

text: personal

text: freedom

text: of

text: religion

text: and

text: hoped

text: to

text: unite

text: Protestants

text: and

text: Catholics

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: union

text: and

text: for

text: him

text: the

text: Union

text: was

text: a

text: defeat

text: In

text: practice

text: Catholic

text: services

text: in

text: all

text: provinces

text: were

text: quickly

text: forbidden

text: and

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: became

text: the

text: public

text: or

text: privileged

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

question: What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?

answer: the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579

text: the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579

question: What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?

answer: personal religion

text: personal religion

question: Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?

answer: William of Orange

text: William of Orange

question: What was forbidden in all provinces?

answer: Catholic services

text: Catholic services


text: Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It is not improbable that the pretended immaculate conception of the virgin Mary is intimated in this passage. For according to a tradition of Mohammed, every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out, Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them. And for this reason they say, neither of them were guilty of any sin, like the rest of the children of Adam."

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: Some

text: Western

text: writers

text: claim

text: that

text: the

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: is

text: a

text: teaching

text: of

text: Islam

text: Thus

text: commenting

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: passage

text: in

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: I

text: have

text: called

text: her

text: Mary

text: and

text: I

text: commend

text: her

text: to

text: thy

text: protection

text: and

text: also

text: her

text: issue

text: against

text: Satan

text: driven

text: away

text: with

text: stones

text: George

text: Sale

text: stated

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: improbable

text: that

text: the

text: pretended

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: of

text: the

text: virgin

text: Mary

text: is

text: intimated

text: in

text: this

text: passage

text: For

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: tradition

text: of

text: Mohammed

text: every

text: person

text: that

text: comes

text: into

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: touched

text: at

text: his

text: birth

text: by

text: the

text: devil

text: and

text: therefore

text: cries

text: out

text: Mary

text: and

text: her

text: son

text: only

text: excepted

text: between

text: whom

text: and

text: the

text: evil

text: spirit

text: God

text: placed

text: a

text: veil

text: so

text: that

text: his

text: touch

text: did

text: not

text: reach

text: them

text: And

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: they

text: say

text: neither

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: guilty

text: of

text: any

text: sin

text: like

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: of

text: Adam

question: What  religion is credited by some authors from the west for initiating the story of the conceiving of Mary ?

answer: claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam.

text: claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam.

question: According to the teaching of this other religion what occurred to Mary during the birth of her first child ?

answer: Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them.

text: Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them.

question: What does this other religion also state  happens  to everyone besides Mary and her First born child  ?

answer: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil

text: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil

question: What does the event cause to happen to everyone but Mary and her first born child ?

answer: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out,

text: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out,

question: What do these authors use in the form of proof for credit given to the other religion  ?

answer: passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones

text: passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones


text: A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008. Tuvalu first participated in the Pacific Games in 1978 and in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metre sprints at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: A

text: major

text: sporting

text: event

text: is

text: the

text: Independence

text: Day

text: Sports

text: Festival

text: held

text: annually

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: sports

text: event

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Games

text: which

text: are

text: held

text: yearly

text: since

text: Tuvalu

text: first

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Games

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: when

text: a

text: weightlifter

text: attended

text: the

text: games

text: held

text: at

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: Malaysia

text: Two

text: table

text: tennis

text: players

text: attended

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Manchester

text: England

text: Tuvalu

text: entered

text: competitors

text: in

text: shooting

text: table

text: tennis

text: and

text: weightlifting

text: at

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: Australia

text: three

text: athletes

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Delhi

text: India

text: entering

text: the

text: discus

text: shot

text: put

text: and

text: weightlifting

text: events

text: and

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: weightlifters

text: and

text: table

text: tennis

text: players

text: attended

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Glasgow

text: Tuvaluan

text: athletes

text: have

text: also

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: metre

text: sprints

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: in

text: Athletics

text: from

question: What is a major annual sports event in Tuvalu?

answer: Independence Day Sports Festival

text: Independence Day Sports Festival

question: What is the most important sports event held on Tuvalu?

answer: Tuvalu Games

text: Tuvalu Games

question: In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games?

answer: 1998

question: What type of competitor entered the commonwealth Games in 1998?

answer: weightlifter

text: weightlifter

question: What competitions have Tuvalu athletes entered in the World Championships in Athletics?

answer: 100 metre sprints

text: 100 metre sprints


text: Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901. Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: Signal

text: Hill

text: is

text: a

text: hill

text: which

text: overlooks

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: Cabot

text: Tower

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: John

text: Cabot

text: 's

text: discovery

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: Diamond

text: Jubilee

text: The

text: first

text: transatlantic

text: wireless

text: transmission

text: was

text: received

text: here

text: by

text: Guglielmo

text: Marconi

text: on

text: December

text: Today

text: Signal

text: Hill

text: is

text: a

text: National

text: Historic

text: Site

text: of

text: Canada

text: and

text: remains

text: incredibly

text: popular

text: amongst

text: tourists

text: and

text: locals

text: alike

text: of

text: all

text: tourists

text: to

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: visit

text: Signal

text: Hill

text: Amongst

text: its

text: popular

text: attractions

text: are

text: the

text: Signal

text: Hill

text: Tattoo

text: showcasing

text: the

text: Royal

text: Newfoundland

text: Regiment

text: of

text: foot

text: c.

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Head

text: Trail

text: which

text: grants

text: an

text: impressive

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: coast

question: What city does Signal Hill overlook?

answer: St. John's

text: St. John's

question: Where exactly is Cabot Tower located in St. John' ?

answer: Signal Hill

text: Signal Hill

question: What year was Cabot Tower built?

answer: 1897

question: In what year was Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee?

answer: 1897

question: Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?

answer: Guglielmo Marconi

text: Guglielmo Marconi


text: Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: Kim

text: Philby

text: a

text: Soviet

text: double

text: agent

text: was

text: a

text: correspondent

text: for

text: the

text: newspaper

text: in

text: Spain

text: during

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Philby

text: was

text: admired

text: for

text: his

text: courage

text: in

text: obtaining

text: high

text: quality

text: reporting

text: from

text: the

text: front

text: lines

text: of

text: the

text: bloody

text: conflict

text: He

text: later

text: joined

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: was

text: promoted

text: into

text: senior

text: positions

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: ended

text: then

text: eventually

text: defected

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

question: Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was the correspondent for The Times in Spain in the late 1930s?

answer: Kim Philby

text: Kim Philby

question: A Soviet double agent working for The Times in Spain was a war correspondent during what war in the late 1930s?

answer: Spanish Civil War

text: Spanish Civil War

question: During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency?

answer: MI6

question: In 1963, a notable double agent providing valuable and high-quality reporting for The Times during a war in the late 1930s eventually defected to which country?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union


text: Most cases are litigated in state courts and involve claims and defenses under state laws. In a 2012 report, the National Center for State Courts' Court Statistics Project found that state trial courts received 103.5 million newly filed cases in 2010, which consisted of 56.3 million traffic cases, 20.4 million criminal cases, 19.0 million civil cases, 5.9 million domestic relations cases, and 1.9 million juvenile cases. In 2010, state appellate courts received 272,795 new cases. By way of comparison, all federal district courts in 2010 together received only about 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases, while federal appellate courts received 56,000 new cases.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Most

text: cases

text: are

text: litigated

text: in

text: state

text: courts

text: and

text: involve

text: claims

text: and

text: defenses

text: under

text: state

text: laws

text: In

text: a

text: report

text: the

text: National

text: Center

text: for

text: State

text: Courts

text: Court

text: Statistics

text: Project

text: found

text: that

text: state

text: trial

text: courts

text: received

text: million

text: newly

text: filed

text: cases

text: in

text: which

text: consisted

text: of

text: million

text: traffic

text: cases

text: million

text: criminal

text: cases

text: million

text: civil

text: cases

text: million

text: domestic

text: relations

text: cases

text: and

text: million

text: juvenile

text: cases

text: In

text: state

text: appellate

text: courts

text: received

text: new

text: cases

text: By

text: way

text: of

text: comparison

text: all

text: federal

text: district

text: courts

text: in

text: together

text: received

text: only

text: about

text: new

text: civil

text: cases

text: new

text: criminal

text: cases

text: and

text: million

text: bankruptcy

text: cases

text: while

text: federal

text: appellate

text: courts

text: received

text: new

text: cases

question: Where are cases usually argued?

answer: state courts

text: state courts

question: What types of cases are argued in the state courts?

answer: involve claims and defenses under state laws

text: involve claims and defenses under state laws

question: How many new cases were filed in 2010?

answer: 103.5 million

text: 103.5 million

question: What types of cases did federal district courts receive in 2010?

answer: 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases

text: 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases

question: How many cases did appellate courts receice in 2010?

answer: 272,795