text: In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: US

text: requested

text: base

text: rights

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: but

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: was

text: initially

text: unwilling

text: to

text: accede

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: request

text: without

text: getting

text: something

text: in

text: return

text: In

text: September

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Destroyers

text: for

text: Bases

text: Agreement

text: the

text: UK

text: granted

text: the

text: US

text: base

text: rights

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: and

text: Newfoundland

text: were

text: not

text: originally

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: agreement

text: but

text: both

text: were

text: added

text: to

text: it

text: with

text: no

text: war

text: material

text: received

text: by

text: the

text: UK

text: in

text: exchange

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: agreement

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: airfield

text: the

text: US

text: Army

text: built

text: would

text: be

text: used

text: jointly

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: UK

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: for

text: the

text: duration

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: RAF

text: Transport

text: Command

text: relocating

text: there

text: from

text: Darrell

text: 's

text: Island

text: in

question: What did the US ask of Britain in May 1940?

answer: base rights in Bermuda

text: base rights in Bermuda

question: What did the Destroyers for Bases Agreement do?

answer: granted the US base rights in Bermuda

text: granted the US base rights in Bermuda

question: What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda?

answer: the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK

text: the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK

question: Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?

answer: Winston Churchill

text: Winston Churchill


text: A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus ("mouse Apollo") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague).

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: Greek

text: etymologies

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: for

text: the

text: name

text: The

text: Hittite

text: form

text: Apaliunas

text: dx

text: ap

text: pa

text: li

text: u

text: aš

text: is

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: Manapa

text: Tarhunta

text: letter

text: perhaps

text: related

text: to

text: Hurrian

text: and

text: certainly

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: Aplu

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: plague

text: in

text: turn

text: likely

text: from

text: Akkadian

text: Aplu

text: Enlil

text: meaning

text: simply

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Enlil

text: a

text: title

text: that

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: god

text: Nergal

text: who

text: was

text: linked

text: to

text: Shamash

text: Babylonian

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: Apollo

text: as

text: god

text: of

text: plague

text: is

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: invocation

text: of

text: Apollo

text: Smintheus

text: mouse

text: Apollo

text: by

text: Chryses

text: the

text: Trojan

text: priest

text: of

text: Apollo

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: sending

text: a

text: plague

text: against

text: the

text: Greeks

text: the

text: reasoning

text: behind

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: becoming

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: healing

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: apotropaic

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: god

text: responsible

text: for

text: bringing

text: the

text: plague

text: must

text: be

text: appeased

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: plague

question: Who is a god of plague?

answer: Aplu

text: Aplu

question: What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?

answer: the son of Enlil

text: the son of Enlil

question: What title was given to the god Nergal?

answer: Akkadian Aplu Enlil

text: Akkadian Aplu Enlil

question: Who was the Trojan priest of Apollo?

answer: Chryses

text: Chryses


text: Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM). Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB-8) is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. Nordic-Baltic Six (NB-6), comprising Nordic-Baltic countries that are European Union member states, is a framework for meetings on EU related issues. Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council began in 1989. Annual summits take place, and in addition meetings are organised on all possible levels: speakers, presidiums, commissions, and individual members. The Nordic Council of Ministers has an office in Tallinn with a subsidiary in Tartu and information points in Narva, Valga and Pärnu. Joint Nordic-Baltic projects include the education programme Nordplus and mobility programmes for business and industry and for public administration.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Since

text: the

text: early

text: Estonia

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: active

text: trilateral

text: Baltic

text: states

text: co

text: operation

text: with

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Nordic

text: Baltic

text: co

text: operation

text: with

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: The

text: Baltic

text: Council

text: is

text: the

text: joint

text: forum

text: of

text: the

text: interparliamentary

text: Baltic

text: Assembly

text: BA

text: and

text: the

text: intergovernmental

text: Baltic

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: BCM

text: Nordic

text: Baltic

text: Eight

text: is

text: the

text: joint

text: co

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: Iceland

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Norway

text: and

text: Sweden

text: Nordic

text: Baltic

text: Six

text: comprising

text: Nordic

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: European

text: Union

text: member

text: states

text: is

text: a

text: framework

text: for

text: meetings

text: on

text: EU

text: related

text: issues

text: Parliamentary

text: co

text: operation

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Assembly

text: and

text: Nordic

text: Council

text: began

text: in

text: Annual

text: summits

text: take

text: place

text: and

text: in

text: addition

text: meetings

text: are

text: organised

text: on

text: all

text: possible

text: levels

text: speakers

text: presidiums

text: commissions

text: and

text: individual

text: members

text: The

text: Nordic

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: has

text: an

text: office

text: in

text: Tallinn

text: with

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: in

text: Tartu

text: and

text: information

text: points

text: in

text: Narva

text: Valga

text: and

text: Pärnu

text: Joint

text: Nordic

text: Baltic

text: projects

text: include

text: the

text: education

text: programme

text: Nordplus

text: and

text: mobility

text: programmes

text: for

text: business

text: and

text: industry

text: and

text: for

text: public

text: administration

question: Which Baltic countries have cooperated with Estonia since the early 1990s?

answer: Latvia and Lithuania

text: Latvia and Lithuania

question: What is the combined group of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers?

answer: The Baltic Council

text: The Baltic Council

question: What is the name of the joint group that Estonia shares with Denmark and 7 other countries?

answer: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: Nordic-Baltic Eight

question: What year did Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council start?

answer: 1989


text:
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U
3O
8) and UO
2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO
2 will gradually convert to U
3O
8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: forms

text: of

text: uranium

text: oxide

text: are

text: triuranium

text: octoxide

text: U

text: and

text: UO

text: Both

text: oxide

text: forms

text: are

text: solids

text: that

text: have

text: low

text: solubility

text: in

text: water

text: and

text: are

text: relatively

text: stable

text: over

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: Triuranium

text: octoxide

text: is

text: depending

text: on

text: conditions

text: the

text: most

text: stable

text: compound

text: of

text: uranium

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: form

text: most

text: commonly

text: found

text: in

text: nature

text: Uranium

text: dioxide

text: is

text: the

text: form

text: in

text: which

text: uranium

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: fuel

text: At

text: ambient

text: temperatures

text: UO

text: will

text: gradually

text: convert

text: to

text: U

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: stability

text: uranium

text: oxides

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: the

text: preferred

text: chemical

text: form

text: for

text: storage

text: or

text: disposal

question: Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?

answer: triuranium octoxide

text: triuranium octoxide

question: What is the stablest uranium compound?

answer: Triuranium octoxide

text: Triuranium octoxide

question: In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?

answer: Uranium dioxide

text: Uranium dioxide


text: In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnation." The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: late

text: February

text: large

text: public

text: rallies

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: Kiev

text: to

text: protest

text: the

text: election

text: laws

text: on

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: the

text: March

text: elections

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: Congress

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Deputies

text: and

text: to

text: call

text: for

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: Volodymyr

text: Scherbytsky

text: lampooned

text: as

text: the

text: mastodon

text: of

text: stagnation

text: The

text: demonstrations

text: coincided

text: with

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: Ukraine

text: by

text: Soviet

text: President

text: Gorbachev

text: On

text: February

text: between

text: and

text: people

text: participated

text: in

text: an

text: unsanctioned

text: ecumenical

text: memorial

text: service

text: in

text: Lviv

text: marking

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Century

text: Ukrainian

text: artist

text: and

text: nationalist

text: Taras

text: Shevchenko

question: What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February?

answer: election laws

text: election laws

question: Who did the protesters want to resign?

answer: Volodymyr Scherbytsky

text: Volodymyr Scherbytsky

question: What was Scherbytsky's nickname?

answer: the mastodon of stagnation

text: the mastodon of stagnation

question: Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place?

answer: Gorbachev

text: Gorbachev

question: How many people attended the service in Lviv?

answer: between 20,000 and 30,000

text: between 20,000 and 30,000


text: Since the Industrial Revolution some two hundred years ago, the food processing industry has invented many technologies that both help keep foods fresh longer and alter the fresh state of food as they appear in nature. Cooling is the primary technology used to maintain freshness, whereas many more technologies have been invented to allow foods to last longer without becoming spoiled. These latter technologies include pasteurisation, autoclavation, drying, salting, and separation of various components, all of which appearing to alter the original nutritional contents of food. Pasteurisation and autoclavation (heating techniques) have no doubt improved the safety of many common foods, preventing epidemics of bacterial infection. But some of the (new) food processing technologies have downfalls as well.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Since

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: some

text: two

text: hundred

text: years

text: ago

text: the

text: food

text: processing

text: industry

text: has

text: invented

text: many

text: technologies

text: that

text: both

text: help

text: keep

text: foods

text: fresh

text: longer

text: and

text: alter

text: the

text: fresh

text: state

text: of

text: food

text: as

text: they

text: appear

text: in

text: nature

text: Cooling

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: technology

text: used

text: to

text: maintain

text: freshness

text: whereas

text: many

text: more

text: technologies

text: have

text: been

text: invented

text: to

text: allow

text: foods

text: to

text: last

text: longer

text: without

text: becoming

text: spoiled

text: These

text: latter

text: technologies

text: include

text: pasteurisation

text: autoclavation

text: drying

text: salting

text: and

text: separation

text: of

text: various

text: components

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: appearing

text: to

text: alter

text: the

text: original

text: nutritional

text: contents

text: of

text: food

text: Pasteurisation

text: and

text: autoclavation

text: heating

text: techniques

text: have

text: no

text: doubt

text: improved

text: the

text: safety

text: of

text: many

text: common

text: foods

text: preventing

text: epidemics

text: of

text: bacterial

text: infection

text: But

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: food

text: processing

text: technologies

text: have

text: downfalls

text: as

text: well

question: When did the Industrial Revolution roughly begin?

answer: two hundred years ago

text: two hundred years ago

question: Apart from altering the state of food, what is the other main focus in technology increases for the food processing industry?

answer: keep foods fresh longer

text: keep foods fresh longer

question: Which technology is primarily responsible for helping keep food fresh?

answer: Cooling

text: Cooling

question: Pasteurisation is an an example of a technology that aims to do what to food?

answer: last longer without becoming spoiled

text: last longer without becoming spoiled

question: Pasteurisation and autoclavation are examples of what kind of technique?

answer: heating

text: heating


text: There is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Darleen Pryds questions this view, pointing out that madaris and European universities in the Mediterranean region shared similar foundations by princely patrons and were intended to provide loyal administrators to further the rulers' agenda. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: There

text: is

text: disagreement

text: whether

text: madaris

text: ever

text: became

text: universities

text: Scholars

text: like

text: Arnold

text: H.

text: Green

text: and

text: Seyyed

text: Hossein

text: Nasr

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: some

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: madaris

text: indeed

text: became

text: universities

text: George

text: Makdisi

text: and

text: others

text: however

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: European

text: university

text: has

text: no

text: parallel

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: world

text: Darleen

text: Pryds

text: questions

text: this

text: view

text: pointing

text: out

text: that

text: madaris

text: and

text: European

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: shared

text: similar

text: foundations

text: by

text: princely

text: patrons

text: and

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: provide

text: loyal

text: administrators

text: to

text: further

text: the

text: rulers

text: agenda

text: Other

text: scholars

text: regard

text: the

text: university

text: as

text: uniquely

text: European

text: in

text: origin

text: and

text: characteristics

question: When did some madaris become considered like traditional colleges?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

question: What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris

answer: princely patrons

text: princely patrons

question: What was considered to be the underlying purpose of madaris?

answer: further the rulers' agenda

text: further the rulers' agenda

question: Who argued that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common?

answer: George Makdisi

text: George Makdisi


text: A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: A

text: referee

text: may

text: stop

text: the

text: match

text: when

text: they

text: or

text: official

text: ring

text: physician

text: decides

text: that

text: a

text: wrestler

text: can

text: not

text: safely

text: continue

text: the

text: match

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: decided

text: if

text: the

text: wrestler

text: can

text: not

text: continue

text: the

text: match

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: injury

text: At

text: the

text: Great

text: American

text: Bash

text: in

text: Chris

text: Jericho

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: a

text: match

text: against

text: Shawn

text: Michaels

text: when

text: Michaels

text: could

text: not

text: defend

text: himself

text: due

text: to

text: excessive

text: blood

text: loss

text: and

text: impaired

text: vision

text: At

text: NXT

text: TakeOver

text: Rival

text: in

text: the

text: referee

text: stopped

text: the

text: match

text: when

text: Sami

text: Zayn

text: could

text: not

text: defend

text: himself

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: injury

text: sustained

text: against

text: Kevin

text: Owens

text: for

text: the

text: NXT

text: Championship

question: In what case can a referee choose to end the match?

answer: when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match

text: when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match

question: What is one reason that a wrestler may not be able to continue?

answer: an injury

text: an injury

question: Why couldn't Shawn Michaels defend himself?

answer: due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision

text: due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision

question: Where did Chris Jericho win in 2008?

answer: Great American Bash

text: Great American Bash


text: Greece's foreign policy is conducted through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and its head, the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The current minister is Nikos Kotzias. According to the official website, the main aims of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs are to represent Greece before other states and international organizations; safeguarding the interests of the Greek state and of its citizens abroad; the promotion of Greek culture; the fostering of closer relations with the Greek diaspora; and the promotion of international cooperation. Additionally, due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance and is considered to be a middle power and has developed a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: 's

text: foreign

text: policy

text: is

text: conducted

text: through

text: the

text: Ministry

text: for

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: and

text: its

text: head

text: the

text: Minister

text: for

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: The

text: current

text: minister

text: is

text: Nikos

text: Kotzias

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: official

text: website

text: the

text: main

text: aims

text: of

text: the

text: Ministry

text: for

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: are

text: to

text: represent

text: Greece

text: before

text: other

text: states

text: and

text: international

text: organizations

text: safeguarding

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: state

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: citizens

text: abroad

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: Greek

text: culture

text: the

text: fostering

text: of

text: closer

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: Greek

text: diaspora

text: and

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: international

text: cooperation

text: Additionally

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: political

text: and

text: geographical

text: proximity

text: to

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: Africa

text: Greece

text: is

text: a

text: country

text: of

text: significant

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: middle

text: power

text: and

text: has

text: developed

text: a

text: regional

text: policy

text: to

text: help

text: promote

text: peace

text: and

text: stability

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

question: Who is the head for Greece's foreign policy?

answer: Minister for Foreign Affairs

text: Minister for Foreign Affairs

question: Who is the present Minister of Foreign Affairs?

answer: Nikos Kotzias

text: Nikos Kotzias

question: The goal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is what?

answer: represent Greece before other states and international organizations

text: represent Greece before other states and international organizations

question: Greece is though of as what kind of power?

answer: a middle power

text: a middle power

question: Greece has how much strategic importance?

answer: significant

text: significant


text: On April 12, 1776, the colony became the first to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British Crown, through the Halifax Resolves passed by the North Carolina Provincial Congress. The dates of both of these events are memorialized on the state flag and state seal. Throughout the Revolutionary War, fierce guerrilla warfare erupted between bands of pro-independence and pro-British colonists. In some cases the war was also an excuse to settle private grudges and rivalries. A major American victory in the war took place at King's Mountain along the North Carolina–South Carolina border; on October 7, 1780, a force of 1000 mountain men from western North Carolina (including what is today the state of Tennessee)and Southwest Virginia overwhelmed a force of some 1000 British troops led by Major Patrick Ferguson. Most of the soldiers fighting for the British side in this battle were Carolinians who had remained loyal to the Crown (they were called "Tories" or Loyalists). The American victory at Kings Mountain gave the advantage to colonists who favored American independence, and it prevented the British Army from recruiting new soldiers from the Tories.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: colony

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: instruct

text: its

text: delegates

text: to

text: the

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: through

text: the

text: Halifax

text: Resolves

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Provincial

text: Congress

text: The

text: dates

text: of

text: both

text: of

text: these

text: events

text: are

text: memorialized

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: flag

text: and

text: state

text: seal

text: Throughout

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: fierce

text: guerrilla

text: warfare

text: erupted

text: between

text: bands

text: of

text: pro

text: independence

text: and

text: pro

text: British

text: colonists

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: excuse

text: to

text: settle

text: private

text: grudges

text: and

text: rivalries

text: A

text: major

text: American

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: King

text: 's

text: Mountain

text: along

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: South

text: Carolina

text: border

text: on

text: October

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: mountain

text: men

text: from

text: western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: including

text: what

text: is

text: today

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Tennessee)and

text: Southwest

text: Virginia

text: overwhelmed

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: some

text: British

text: troops

text: led

text: by

text: Major

text: Patrick

text: Ferguson

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: soldiers

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: side

text: in

text: this

text: battle

text: were

text: Carolinians

text: who

text: had

text: remained

text: loyal

text: to

text: the

text: Crown

text: they

text: were

text: called

text: Tories

text: or

text: Loyalists

text: The

text: American

text: victory

text: at

text: Kings

text: Mountain

text: gave

text: the

text: advantage

text: to

text: colonists

text: who

text: favored

text: American

text: independence

text: and

text: it

text: prevented

text: the

text: British

text: Army

text: from

text: recruiting

text: new

text: soldiers

text: from

text: the

text: Tories

question: What year did North Carolina instruct its delegates to vote for independence?

answer: 1776

question: Who was north carolina seeking independence from in 1776?

answer: the British Crown

text: the British Crown

question: What year was Americas Victory at King's Mountain?

answer: 1780

question: How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain?

answer: 1000

question: How many British troops fought at king's Mountain?

answer: 1000


text: Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Although

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: tenure

text: as

text: governor

text: with

text: record

text: high

text: approval

text: ratings

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: in

text: December

text: he

text: left

text: office

text: with

text: a

text: record

text: low

text: only

text: one

text: percent

text: higher

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Gray

text: Davis

text: 's

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: recalled

text: in

text: October

question: What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor?

answer: 89%

question: What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended?

answer: 23%


text: According to the Census Bureau, the median household income in 2013 was $36,836, down 7.9 percent from 2008 when the median household income was $40,008 (in 2013 dollars). For comparison, the median household income among metropolitan areas was $60,482, down 8.2 percent in the same period, and the national median household income was $55,250, down 7.0 percent from 2008. The city's wealth disparity is evident when neighborhoods are compared. Residents in Society Hill had a median household income of $93,720 while residents in one of North Philadelphia's districts reported the lowest median household income, $14,185.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: the

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: in

text: was

text: down

text: percent

text: from

text: when

text: the

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: was

text: in

text: dollars

text: For

text: comparison

text: the

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: among

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: was

text: down

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: national

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: was

text: down

text: percent

text: from

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: wealth

text: disparity

text: is

text: evident

text: when

text: neighborhoods

text: are

text: compared

text: Residents

text: in

text: Society

text: Hill

text: had

text: a

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: of

text: while

text: residents

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: North

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: districts

text: reported

text: the

text: lowest

text: median

text: household

text: income

question: What was the median household income in 2013?

answer: $36,836

question: What is the name of a wealthy neighborhood?

answer: Society Hill

text: Society Hill

question: What is the lowest median income in Philadelphia?

answer: $14,185


text: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Isambard

text: Kingdom

text: Brunel

text: the

text: British

text: engineer

text: and

text: railway

text: builder

text: introduced

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: circular

text: bar

text: into

text: the

text: Swindon

text: station

text: pub

text: in

text: order

text: that

text: customers

text: were

text: served

text: quickly

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: delay

text: his

text: trains

text: These

text: island

text: bars

text: became

text: popular

text: as

text: they

text: also

text: allowed

text: staff

text: to

text: serve

text: customers

text: in

text: several

text: different

text: rooms

text: surrounding

text: the

text: bar

question: Who pioneered the circular bar?

answer: Isambard Kingdom Brunel

text: Isambard Kingdom Brunel

question: At what establishment was the circular bar introduced?

answer: Swindon station pub

text: Swindon station pub

question: What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?

answer: engineer and railway builder

text: engineer and railway builder

question: What was Isambard Brunel's nationality?

answer: British

text: British


text: Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law was vetoed by a tribune named Marcus Octavius. Tiberius then used the Plebeian Council to impeach Octavius. The theory, that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people, was counter to Roman constitutional theory. If carried to its logical end, this theory would remove all constitutional restraints on the popular will, and put the state under the absolute control of a temporary popular majority. His law was enacted, but Tiberius was murdered with 300 of his associates when he stood for reelection to the tribunate.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Tiberius

text: Gracchus

text: was

text: elected

text: tribune

text: in

text: BC

text: He

text: attempted

text: to

text: enact

text: a

text: law

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: limited

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: land

text: that

text: any

text: individual

text: could

text: own

text: The

text: aristocrats

text: who

text: stood

text: to

text: lose

text: an

text: enormous

text: amount

text: of

text: money

text: were

text: bitterly

text: opposed

text: to

text: this

text: proposal

text: Tiberius

text: submitted

text: this

text: law

text: to

text: the

text: Plebeian

text: Council

text: but

text: the

text: law

text: was

text: vetoed

text: by

text: a

text: tribune

text: named

text: Marcus

text: Octavius

text: Tiberius

text: then

text: used

text: the

text: Plebeian

text: Council

text: to

text: impeach

text: Octavius

text: The

text: theory

text: that

text: a

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: ceases

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: when

text: he

text: acts

text: against

text: the

text: wishes

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: was

text: counter

text: to

text: Roman

text: constitutional

text: theory

text: If

text: carried

text: to

text: its

text: logical

text: end

text: this

text: theory

text: would

text: remove

text: all

text: constitutional

text: restraints

text: on

text: the

text: popular

text: will

text: and

text: put

text: the

text: state

text: under

text: the

text: absolute

text: control

text: of

text: a

text: temporary

text: popular

text: majority

text: His

text: law

text: was

text: enacted

text: but

text: Tiberius

text: was

text: murdered

text: with

text: of

text: his

text: associates

text: when

text: he

text: stood

text: for

text: reelection

text: to

text: the

text: tribunate

question: To what position was Tiberius Gracchus elected?

answer: tribune

text: tribune

question: Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess?

answer: Tiberius Gracchus

text: Tiberius Gracchus

question: When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered?

answer: when he stood for reelection to the tribunate

text: when he stood for reelection to the tribunate

question: Which tribune was impeached by the Plebeian Council?

answer: Marcus Octavius

text: Marcus Octavius

question: What was considered to be the opposite of Roman constitutional theory?

answer: that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people

text: that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people


text: Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions such as the British refusal to remove shoes when they entered pagodas. Buddhist monks became the vanguards of the independence movement. U Wisara, an activist monk, died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Burmese

text: resentment

text: was

text: strong

text: and

text: was

text: vented

text: in

text: violent

text: riots

text: that

text: paralysed

text: Yangon

text: Rangoon

text: on

text: occasion

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: until

text: the

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: discontent

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: disrespect

text: for

text: Burmese

text: culture

text: and

text: traditions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: British

text: refusal

text: to

text: remove

text: shoes

text: when

text: they

text: entered

text: pagodas

text: Buddhist

text: monks

text: became

text: the

text: vanguards

text: of

text: the

text: independence

text: movement

text: U

text: Wisara

text: an

text: activist

text: monk

text: died

text: in

text: prison

text: after

text: a

text: hunger

text: strike

text: to

text: protest

text: against

text: a

text: rule

text: that

text: forbade

text: him

text: from

text: wearing

text: his

text: Buddhist

text: robes

text: while

text: imprisoned

question: have the Burmese people ever shown any reservations about the ruling government bodies?

answer: Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s.

text: Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s.

question: What were some of problems experienced with the colonialism of Burma by the British?

answer: Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions

text: Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions

question: How long was U Wisara on a strike were he refused subsistence ?

answer: 166-day hunger strike

text: 166-day hunger strike

question: Was U Wisara able to survive  the protest?

answer: died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike

text: died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike

question: Why was U Wisara involved in a resistance movement of such extremes ?

answer: to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.

text: to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.


text: Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism and [Western] imperialism". Nasser felt that if he was to maintain Egypt's regional leadership position he needed to acquire modern weaponry to arm his military. When it became apparent to him that Western countries would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the Eastern Bloc and concluded a US$320,000,000 armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia on 27 September. Through the Czechoslovakian arms deal, the balance of power between Egypt and Israel was more or less equalized and Nasser's role as the Arab leader defying the West was enhanced.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Simultaneous

text: with

text: Israel

text: 's

text: February

text: raid

text: the

text: Baghdad

text: Pact

text: was

text: formed

text: between

text: some

text: regional

text: allies

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: Nasser

text: considered

text: the

text: Baghdad

text: Pact

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: eliminate

text: British

text: military

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: a

text: mechanism

text: to

text: undermine

text: the

text: Arab

text: League

text: and

text: perpetuate

text: Arab

text: subservience

text: to

text: Zionism

text: and

text: Western

text: imperialism

text: Nasser

text: felt

text: that

text: if

text: he

text: was

text: to

text: maintain

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: regional

text: leadership

text: position

text: he

text: needed

text: to

text: acquire

text: modern

text: weaponry

text: to

text: arm

text: his

text: military

text: When

text: it

text: became

text: apparent

text: to

text: him

text: that

text: Western

text: countries

text: would

text: not

text: supply

text: Egypt

text: under

text: acceptable

text: financial

text: and

text: military

text: terms

text: Nasser

text: turned

text: to

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: and

text: concluded

text: a

text: US$

text: armaments

text: agreement

text: with

text: Czechoslovakia

text: on

text: September

text: Through

text: the

text: Czechoslovakian

text: arms

text: deal

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: between

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Israel

text: was

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: equalized

text: and

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: Arab

text: leader

text: defying

text: the

text: West

text: was

text: enhanced

question: What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?

answer: Baghdad Pact

text: Baghdad Pact

question: What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?

answer: modern weaponry

text: modern weaponry

question: From what country did Nasser buy arms?

answer: Czechoslovakia

text: Czechoslovakia

question: How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?

answer: US$320,000,000

question: How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?

answer: equalized

text: equalized


text: The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development. Samuel Pufendorf took over this metaphor in a modern context, meaning something similar, but no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfection. His use, and that of many writers after him "refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human".

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: The

text: modern

text: term

text: culture

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Roman

text: orator

text: Cicero

text: in

text: his

text: Tusculanae

text: Disputationes

text: where

text: he

text: wrote

text: of

text: a

text: cultivation

text: of

text: the

text: soul

text: or

text: cultura

text: animi

text: using

text: an

text: agricultural

text: metaphor

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: philosophical

text: soul

text: understood

text: teleologically

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: possible

text: ideal

text: for

text: human

text: development

text: Samuel

text: Pufendorf

text: took

text: over

text: this

text: metaphor

text: in

text: a

text: modern

text: context

text: meaning

text: something

text: similar

text: but

text: no

text: longer

text: assuming

text: that

text: philosophy

text: was

text: man

text: 's

text: natural

text: perfection

text: His

text: use

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: many

text: writers

text: after

text: him

text: refers

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: human

text: beings

text: overcome

text: their

text: original

text: barbarism

text: and

text: through

text: artifice

text: become

text: fully

text: human

question: What is the modern term "culture" based on?

answer: term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero

text: term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero

question: Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero?

answer: Samuel Pufendorf

text: Samuel Pufendorf

question: Samuel changed something that was in the old meaning of the metaphor, what was it?

answer: no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfection

text: no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfection


text: After the Kangxi Emperor's death in the winter of 1722, his fourth son, Prince Yong (雍親王), became the Yongzheng Emperor. In the later years of Kangxi's reign, Yongzheng and his brothers had fought, and there were rumours that he had usurped the throne(most of the rumours believe that Yongzheng's brother Yingzhen (Kangxi's 14th son) is the real successor of Kangxi Emperor, the reason why Yingzhen failed to sit on the throne is because Yongzheng and his confidant Keduo Long tampered the content of Kangxi's testament at the night when Kangxi passed away), a charge for which there is little evidence. In fact, his father had trusted him with delicate political issues and discussed state policy with him. When Yongzheng came to power at the age of 45, he felt a sense of urgency about the problems which had accumulated in his father's later years and did not need instruction in how to exercise power. In the words of one recent historian, he was "severe, suspicious, and jealous, but extremely capable and resourceful," and in the words of another, turned out to be an "early modern state-maker of the first order."

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: After

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: his

text: fourth

text: son

text: Prince

text: Yong

text: 雍親王

text: became

text: the

text: Yongzheng

text: Emperor

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: reign

text: Yongzheng

text: and

text: his

text: brothers

text: had

text: fought

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: rumours

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: usurped

text: the

text: throne(most

text: of

text: the

text: rumours

text: believe

text: that

text: Yongzheng

text: 's

text: brother

text: Yingzhen

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: son

text: is

text: the

text: real

text: successor

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: the

text: reason

text: why

text: Yingzhen

text: failed

text: to

text: sit

text: on

text: the

text: throne

text: is

text: because

text: Yongzheng

text: and

text: his

text: confidant

text: Keduo

text: Long

text: tampered

text: the

text: content

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: testament

text: at

text: the

text: night

text: when

text: Kangxi

text: passed

text: away

text: a

text: charge

text: for

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: In

text: fact

text: his

text: father

text: had

text: trusted

text: him

text: with

text: delicate

text: political

text: issues

text: and

text: discussed

text: state

text: policy

text: with

text: him

text: When

text: Yongzheng

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: he

text: felt

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: urgency

text: about

text: the

text: problems

text: which

text: had

text: accumulated

text: in

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: later

text: years

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: need

text: instruction

text: in

text: how

text: to

text: exercise

text: power

text: In

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: one

text: recent

text: historian

text: he

text: was

text: severe

text: suspicious

text: and

text: jealous

text: but

text: extremely

text: capable

text: and

text: resourceful

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: another

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: early

text: modern

text: state

text: maker

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: order

question: When did Kangxi die?

answer: 1722

question: Who took Kangxi's place?

answer: Prince Yong

text: Prince Yong

question: How old was Yongzheng when he took over?

answer: 45


text: The context for the rise of the public sphere was the economic and social change commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution: "economic expansion, increasing urbanization, rising population and improving communications in comparison to the stagnation of the previous century"." Rising efficiency in production techniques and communication lowered the prices of consumer goods and increased the amount and variety of goods available to consumers (including the literature essential to the public sphere). Meanwhile, the colonial experience (most European states had colonial empires in the 18th century) began to expose European society to extremely heterogeneous cultures, leading to the breaking down of "barriers between cultural systems, religious divides, gender differences and geographical areas".

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: context

text: for

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: was

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: change

text: commonly

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: economic

text: expansion

text: increasing

text: urbanization

text: rising

text: population

text: and

text: improving

text: communications

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: the

text: stagnation

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: century

text: Rising

text: efficiency

text: in

text: production

text: techniques

text: and

text: communication

text: lowered

text: the

text: prices

text: of

text: consumer

text: goods

text: and

text: increased

text: the

text: amount

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: goods

text: available

text: to

text: consumers

text: including

text: the

text: literature

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: colonial

text: experience

text: most

text: European

text: states

text: had

text: colonial

text: empires

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: began

text: to

text: expose

text: European

text: society

text: to

text: extremely

text: heterogeneous

text: cultures

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: breaking

text: down

text: of

text: barriers

text: between

text: cultural

text: systems

text: religious

text: divides

text: gender

text: differences

text: and

text: geographical

text: areas

question: Did rising efficiency in production and communication lower or raise the prices of consumer goods?

answer: lowered

text: lowered

question: Was the variety of goods available to consumers increased or decreased by the economic and social change of the Industrial Revolution?

answer: increased

text: increased

question: The context for the rise of the public sphere was the econoic and social change associated with what revolution?

answer: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution


text: The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909, and the preparation for a national parliament in 1910. However, many of these measures were opposed by the conservatives of the Qing Court, and many reformers were either imprisoned or executed outright. The failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization caused the reformists to steer toward the road of revolution.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: last

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: Dynasty

text: were

text: marked

text: by

text: civil

text: unrest

text: and

text: foreign

text: invasions

text: Responding

text: to

text: these

text: civil

text: failures

text: and

text: discontent

text: the

text: Qing

text: Imperial

text: Court

text: did

text: attempt

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: draft

text: a

text: constitution

text: in

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: provincial

text: legislatures

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: preparation

text: for

text: a

text: national

text: parliament

text: in

text: However

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: measures

text: were

text: opposed

text: by

text: the

text: conservatives

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: Court

text: and

text: many

text: reformers

text: were

text: either

text: imprisoned

text: or

text: executed

text: outright

text: The

text: failures

text: of

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Court

text: to

text: enact

text: such

text: reforming

text: measures

text: of

text: political

text: liberalization

text: and

text: modernization

text: caused

text: the

text: reformists

text: to

text: steer

text: toward

text: the

text: road

text: of

text: revolution

question: What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by?

answer: civil unrest and foreign invasions.

text: civil unrest and foreign invasions.

question: What did the Qing dynasty attempt to do n the face of civil unrest?

answer: attempt to reform the government in various

text: attempt to reform the government in various

question: What happened to The reformers in the Qing dynasty?

answer: either imprisoned or executed outright.

text: either imprisoned or executed outright.

question: What caused the revolution against the Qing dynasty?

answer: failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization

text: failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization


text: In the 20th century, Greek composers have had a significant impact on the development of avant garde and modern classical music, with figures such as Iannis Xenakis, Nikos Skalkottas, and Dimitri Mitropoulos achieving international prominence. At the same time, composers and musicians such as Mikis Theodorakis, Manos Hatzidakis, Eleni Karaindrou, Vangelis and Demis Roussos garnered an international following for their music, which include famous film scores such as Zorba the Greek, Serpico, Never on Sunday, America America, Eternity and a Day, Chariots of Fire, Blade Runner, among others. Greek American composers known for their film scores include Yanni and Basil Poledouris. Notable Greek opera singers and classical musicians of the 20th and 21st century include Maria Callas, Nana Mouskouri, Mario Frangoulis, Leonidas Kavakos, Dimitris Sgouros and others.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Greek

text: composers

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: significant

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: avant

text: garde

text: and

text: modern

text: classical

text: music

text: with

text: figures

text: such

text: as

text: Iannis

text: Xenakis

text: Nikos

text: Skalkottas

text: and

text: Dimitri

text: Mitropoulos

text: achieving

text: international

text: prominence

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: composers

text: and

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Mikis

text: Theodorakis

text: Manos

text: Hatzidakis

text: Eleni

text: Karaindrou

text: Vangelis

text: and

text: Demis

text: Roussos

text: garnered

text: an

text: international

text: following

text: for

text: their

text: music

text: which

text: include

text: famous

text: film

text: scores

text: such

text: as

text: Zorba

text: the

text: Greek

text: Serpico

text: Never

text: on

text: Sunday

text: America

text: America

text: Eternity

text: and

text: a

text: Day

text: Chariots

text: of

text: Fire

text: Blade

text: Runner

text: among

text: others

text: Greek

text: American

text: composers

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: film

text: scores

text: include

text: Yanni

text: and

text: Basil

text: Poledouris

text: Notable

text: Greek

text: opera

text: singers

text: and

text: classical

text: musicians

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: include

text: Maria

text: Callas

text: Nana

text: Mouskouri

text: Mario

text: Frangoulis

text: Leonidas

text: Kavakos

text: Dimitris

text: Sgouros

text: and

text: others

question: Who is one 20th century Greek composers that has had an impact on modern classical music?

answer: Iannis Xenakis

text: Iannis Xenakis

question: What is one of the famous movies Greek composers has scored?

answer: Zorba the Greek

text: Zorba the Greek

question: Who is one of the Greek composers known for their film scores?

answer: Yanni

text: Yanni

question: Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century?

answer: Maria Callas

text: Maria Callas


text: French members of Parliament and other French politicians also organised a protest. All political parties in Parliament—UMP, Socialists, New Centre, Communists, Democratic Movement (centre) and Greens—jointly requested a pause in the National Assembly's session, which was granted, so that MPs could step outside and unfurl a banner which read "Respect for Human Rights in China". The coach containing the torch drove past the National Assembly and the assembled protesting MPs, who shouted "Freedom for Tibet!" several times as it passed.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: French

text: members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: and

text: other

text: French

text: politicians

text: also

text: organised

text: a

text: protest

text: All

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: Parliament

text: UMP

text: Socialists

text: New

text: Centre

text: Communists

text: Democratic

text: Movement

text: centre

text: and

text: Greens

text: jointly

text: requested

text: a

text: pause

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: 's

text: session

text: which

text: was

text: granted

text: so

text: that

text: MPs

text: could

text: step

text: outside

text: and

text: unfurl

text: a

text: banner

text: which

text: read

text: Respect

text: for

text: Human

text: Rights

text: in

text: China

text: The

text: coach

text: containing

text: the

text: torch

text: drove

text: past

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: and

text: the

text: assembled

text: protesting

text: MPs

text: who

text: shouted

text: Freedom

text: for

text: Tibet

text: several

text: times

text: as

text: it

text: passed

question: What did the political parties request a brief stop in?

answer: the National Assembly's session

text: the National Assembly's session

question: What text was on the banner that the politicians unrolled outside?

answer: Respect for Human Rights in China

text: Respect for Human Rights in China

question: What did MPs yell when the torch passed them?

answer: Freedom for Tibet!

text: Freedom for Tibet!

question: Various French politicians started protests including members of what?

answer: Parliament

text: Parliament

question: All the French political factions requested a temporary halt to what?

answer: National Assembly's session

text: National Assembly's session

question: Why did the banner say that was unveiled during the temporary halt?

answer: Respect for Human Rights in China

text: Respect for Human Rights in China

question: What did the Parliamentary members yell as the relay passed?

answer: Freedom for Tibet!

text: Freedom for Tibet!


text: Oklahoma City is the annual host of the Big 12 Baseball Tournament, the World Cup of Softball, and the annual NCAA Women's College World Series. The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009. The major universities in the area – University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, and Oklahoma State University – often schedule major basketball games and other sporting events at Chesapeake Energy Arena and Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, although most home games are played at their campus stadiums.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: annual

text: host

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Baseball

text: Tournament

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: of

text: Softball

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: NCAA

text: Women

text: 's

text: College

text: World

text: Series

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: held

text: the

text: NCAA

text: Men

text: 's

text: Basketball

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: round

text: and

text: hosted

text: the

text: Big

text: Men

text: 's

text: and

text: Women

text: 's

text: Basketball

text: Tournaments

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: major

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: University

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: University

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: State

text: University

text: often

text: schedule

text: major

text: basketball

text: games

text: and

text: other

text: sporting

text: events

text: at

text: Chesapeake

text: Energy

text: Arena

text: and

text: Chickasaw

text: Bricktown

text: Ballpark

text: although

text: most

text: home

text: games

text: are

text: played

text: at

text: their

text: campus

text: stadiums

question: What is one annual event Oklahoma City hosts?

answer: Big 12 Baseball Tournament

text: Big 12 Baseball Tournament


text: Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities and towns. Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete, from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Beginning

text: several

text: centuries

text: ago

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Black

text: Africans

text: were

text: brought

text: by

text: slave

text: traders

text: to

text: plantations

text: and

text: agricultural

text: areas

text: situated

text: between

text: Antalya

text: and

text: Istanbul

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Turkey

text: Some

text: of

text: their

text: descendants

text: remained

text: in

text: situ

text: and

text: many

text: migrated

text: to

text: larger

text: cities

text: and

text: towns

text: Other

text: blacks

text: slaves

text: were

text: transported

text: to

text: Crete

text: from

text: where

text: they

text: or

text: their

text: descendants

text: later

text: reached

text: the

text: İzmir

text: area

text: through

text: the

text: population

text: exchange

text: between

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: in

text: or

text: indirectly

text: from

text: Ayvalık

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: work

question: When did the slave trade begin?

answer: during the period of the Ottoman Empire

text: during the period of the Ottoman Empire

question: Where were the slaves brought?

answer: Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey

text: Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey

question: Where did former slaves go for work once freed?

answer: İzmir area

text: İzmir area

question: What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?

answer: 1923


text: In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: went

text: through

text: a

text: radical

text: building

text: boom

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: modest

text: boarding

text: houses

text: that

text: dotted

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: were

text: replaced

text: with

text: large

text: hotels

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: most

text: distinctive

text: hotels

text: were

text: the

text: Marlborough

text: Blenheim

text: Hotel

text: and

text: the

text: Traymore

text: Hotel

question: When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom?

answer: early part of the 20th century

text: early part of the 20th century

question: What replaced many of the modest boarding houses?

answer: large hotels

text: large hotels

question: What were the names of two of the city's most distinctive hotels?

answer: Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel

text: Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel

question: What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century?

answer: a radical building boom

text: a radical building boom

question: Where were the modest boarding houses located before they were replaced by large hotels?

answer: the boardwalk

text: the boardwalk


text: A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms. This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages. Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants. Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: A

text: report

text: released

text: in

text: January

text: by

text: the

text: Diário

text: de

text: Notícias

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: Portugal

text: by

text: Gradiva

text: had

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: Carnation

text: Revolution

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: democratic

text: Portuguese

text: Republic

text: governments

text: encouraged

text: over

text: expenditure

text: and

text: investment

text: bubbles

text: through

text: unclear

text: Public

text: private

text: partnerships

text: and

text: funding

text: of

text: numerous

text: ineffective

text: and

text: unnecessary

text: external

text: consultancy

text: and

text: advisory

text: of

text: committees

text: and

text: firms

text: This

text: allowed

text: considerable

text: slippage

text: in

text: state

text: managed

text: public

text: works

text: and

text: inflated

text: top

text: management

text: and

text: head

text: officer

text: bonuses

text: and

text: wages

text: Persistent

text: and

text: lasting

text: recruitment

text: policies

text: boosted

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: redundant

text: public

text: servants

text: Risky

text: credit

text: public

text: debt

text: creation

text: and

text: European

text: structural

text: and

text: cohesion

text: funds

text: were

text: mismanaged

text: across

text: almost

text: four

text: decades

question: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?

answer: 1974

question: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles?

answer: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms

text: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms

question: By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles?

answer: Diário de Notícias

text: Diário de Notícias


text: The series is set three years after the events of Digimon Adventure 02, when Digimon who turn rogue by a mysterious infection appear to wreak havoc in the Human World. Tai and the other DigiDestined from the original series reunite with their partners and start fighting back with support from the Japanese government, while Davis, Yolei, Cody and Ken are defeated by a powerful enemy called Alphamon and disappear without a trace. Tai and the others also meet another DigiDestined called Meiko Mochizuki and her partner Meicoomon who become their friends, until Meicoomon turns hostile as well and flees after an encounter with Ken, who reappears suddenly, once again as the Digimon Emperor. The film series also feature several DigiDestined having their partners Digivolve up to the Mega level for the first time, a feat only Tai and Matt had achieved previously.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: series

text: is

text: set

text: three

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: Digimon

text: Adventure

text: when

text: Digimon

text: who

text: turn

text: rogue

text: by

text: a

text: mysterious

text: infection

text: appear

text: to

text: wreak

text: havoc

text: in

text: the

text: Human

text: World

text: Tai

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: DigiDestined

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: series

text: reunite

text: with

text: their

text: partners

text: and

text: start

text: fighting

text: back

text: with

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: while

text: Davis

text: Yolei

text: Cody

text: and

text: Ken

text: are

text: defeated

text: by

text: a

text: powerful

text: enemy

text: called

text: Alphamon

text: and

text: disappear

text: without

text: a

text: trace

text: Tai

text: and

text: the

text: others

text: also

text: meet

text: another

text: DigiDestined

text: called

text: Meiko

text: Mochizuki

text: and

text: her

text: partner

text: Meicoomon

text: who

text: become

text: their

text: friends

text: until

text: Meicoomon

text: turns

text: hostile

text: as

text: well

text: and

text: flees

text: after

text: an

text: encounter

text: with

text: Ken

text: who

text: reappears

text: suddenly

text: once

text: again

text: as

text: the

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: The

text: film

text: series

text: also

text: feature

text: several

text: DigiDestined

text: having

text: their

text: partners

text: Digivolve

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Mega

text: level

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: a

text: feat

text: only

text: Tai

text: and

text: Matt

text: had

text: achieved

text: previously

question: How soon after did another series start after the Digimon Adventure 02?

answer: three years

text: three years

question: Whats the name of the group that defeats Cody and Ken?

answer: Alphamon

text: Alphamon

question: What happened for the first time to the DigiDestined in the film series?

answer: the Mega level

text: the Mega level


text: Building Partnerships is described as airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security. Building Partnerships is about interacting with others and is therefore an inherently inter-personal and cross-cultural undertaking. Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit. It includes both foreign partners as well as domestic partners and emphasizes collaboration with foreign governments, militaries and populations as well as US government departments, agencies, industry, and NGOs. To better facilitate partnering efforts, Airmen should be competent in the relevant language, region, and culture.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Building

text: Partnerships

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: airmen

text: interacting

text: with

text: international

text: airmen

text: and

text: other

text: relevant

text: actors

text: to

text: develop

text: guide

text: and

text: sustain

text: relationships

text: for

text: mutual

text: benefit

text: and

text: security

text: Building

text: Partnerships

text: is

text: about

text: interacting

text: with

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: an

text: inherently

text: inter

text: personal

text: and

text: cross

text: cultural

text: undertaking

text: Through

text: both

text: words

text: and

text: deeds

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: interaction

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: building

text: trust

text: based

text: relationships

text: for

text: mutual

text: benefit

text: It

text: includes

text: both

text: foreign

text: partners

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: domestic

text: partners

text: and

text: emphasizes

text: collaboration

text: with

text: foreign

text: governments

text: militaries

text: and

text: populations

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: US

text: government

text: departments

text: agencies

text: industry

text: and

text: NGOs

text: To

text: better

text: facilitate

text: partnering

text: efforts

text: Airmen

text: should

text: be

text: competent

text: in

text: the

text: relevant

text: language

text: region

text: and

text: culture

question: What does Building Partnerships relate to in the Air Force?

answer: airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors

text: airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors

question: What are the goals of the Building Partnership interactions?

answer: develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security

text: develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security

question: What sort of inter-personal relationships does Building Partnerships encourage?

answer: cross-cultural

text: cross-cultural

question: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions?

answer: building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit

text: building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit

question: What are Airmen expected to be competent in for these Building Partnerships missions?

answer: relevant language, region, and culture

text: relevant language, region, and culture


text: The idea that core affect is but one component of the emotion led to a theory called “psychological construction.” According to this theory, an emotional episode consists of a set of components, each of which is an ongoing process and none of which is necessary or sufficient for the emotion to be instantiated. The set of components is not fixed, either by human evolutionary history or by social norms and roles. Instead, the emotional episode is assembled at the moment of its occurrence to suit its specific circumstances. One implication is that all cases of, for example, fear are not identical but instead bear a family resemblance to one another.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: The

text: idea

text: that

text: core

text: affect

text: is

text: but

text: one

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: emotion

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: theory

text: called

text: psychological

text: construction

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: theory

text: an

text: emotional

text: episode

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: components

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: ongoing

text: process

text: and

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: necessary

text: or

text: sufficient

text: for

text: the

text: emotion

text: to

text: be

text: instantiated

text: The

text: set

text: of

text: components

text: is

text: not

text: fixed

text: either

text: by

text: human

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: or

text: by

text: social

text: norms

text: and

text: roles

text: Instead

text: the

text: emotional

text: episode

text: is

text: assembled

text: at

text: the

text: moment

text: of

text: its

text: occurrence

text: to

text: suit

text: its

text: specific

text: circumstances

text: One

text: implication

text: is

text: that

text: all

text: cases

text: of

text: for

text: example

text: fear

text: are

text: not

text: identical

text: but

text: instead

text: bear

text: a

text: family

text: resemblance

text: to

text: one

text: another

question: What theory sees an emotional episode as consisting of components?

answer: psychological construction

text: psychological construction

question: At what point does psychological construction theory believe the components of an emotion are put together?

answer: at the moment of its occurrence

text: at the moment of its occurrence

question: What is an example of an emotion that, under psychological construction theory, is not the same from one case to another?

answer: fear

text: fear


text: The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university. Kansas has won the tournament 5 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, and 2009) and had 12 teams make it to the final four. Kansas trails only Northwestern (13), Dartmouth (6), and Harvard (6) for most tournaments won. Kansas also won the 1981–82 Copeland Award.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: has

text: had

text: more

text: teams

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Debate

text: Tournament

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: university

text: Kansas

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: tournament

text: times

text: and

text: and

text: had

text: teams

text: make

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: four

text: Kansas

text: trails

text: only

text: Northwestern

text: Dartmouth

text: and

text: Harvard

text: for

text: most

text: tournaments

text: won

text: Kansas

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Copeland

text: Award

question: How many times have KU teams appeared in the National Debate Tournament?

answer: 70

question: How many times has KU won the national debate championship?

answer: 5

question: How many times has KU been one of the last four teams competing at the National Debate Championships?

answer: 12

question: What school has won the most national debate championships?

answer: Northwestern

text: Northwestern

question: What is the name of an honor given to collegiate debate teams?

answer: Copeland Award

text: Copeland Award


text: Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the growth cone to be attracted or repelled by various cellular elements, and thus to be pulled in a particular direction at each point along its path. The result of this pathfinding process is that the growth cone navigates through the brain until it reaches its destination area, where other chemical cues cause it to begin generating synapses. Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Once

text: a

text: neuron

text: is

text: in

text: place

text: it

text: extends

text: dendrites

text: and

text: an

text: axon

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: it

text: Axons

text: because

text: they

text: commonly

text: extend

text: a

text: great

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: cell

text: body

text: and

text: need

text: to

text: reach

text: specific

text: targets

text: grow

text: in

text: a

text: particularly

text: complex

text: way

text: The

text: tip

text: of

text: a

text: growing

text: axon

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: blob

text: of

text: protoplasm

text: called

text: a

text: growth

text: cone

text: studded

text: with

text: chemical

text: receptors

text: These

text: receptors

text: sense

text: the

text: local

text: environment

text: causing

text: the

text: growth

text: cone

text: to

text: be

text: attracted

text: or

text: repelled

text: by

text: various

text: cellular

text: elements

text: and

text: thus

text: to

text: be

text: pulled

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: direction

text: at

text: each

text: point

text: along

text: its

text: path

text: The

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: pathfinding

text: process

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: growth

text: cone

text: navigates

text: through

text: the

text: brain

text: until

text: it

text: reaches

text: its

text: destination

text: area

text: where

text: other

text: chemical

text: cues

text: cause

text: it

text: to

text: begin

text: generating

text: synapses

text: Considering

text: the

text: entire

text: brain

text: thousands

text: of

text: genes

text: create

text: products

text: that

text: influence

text: axonal

text: pathfinding

question: A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what?

answer: protoplasm

text: protoplasm

question: What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development?

answer: dendrites and an axon

text: dendrites and an axon


text: Most historians[who?] consider Caliph Muawiyah (661–80) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads' right to rule on a dynastic principle. It was really the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan (644–656), a member of Umayyad clan himself, that witnessed the revival and then the ascendancy of the Umayyad clan to the corridors of power. Uthman placed some of the trusted members of his clan at prominent and strong positions throughout the state. Most notable was the appointment of Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Uthman's first cousin, as his top advisor, which created a stir among the Hashimite companions of Muhammad, as Marwan along with his father Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As had been permanently exiled from Medina by Muhammad during his lifetime. Uthman also appointed as governor of Kufa his half-brother, Walid ibn Uqba, who was accused by Hashmites of leading prayer while under the influence of alcohol. Uthman also consolidated Muawiyah's governorship of Syria by granting him control over a larger area and appointed his foster brother Abdullah ibn Saad as the Governor of Egypt. However, since Uthman never named an heir, he cannot be considered the founder of a dynasty.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: Most

text: historians[who

text: consider

text: Caliph

text: Muawiyah

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: second

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: dynasty

text: even

text: though

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: assert

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: right

text: to

text: rule

text: on

text: a

text: dynastic

text: principle

text: It

text: was

text: really

text: the

text: caliphate

text: of

text: Uthman

text: Ibn

text: Affan

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: Umayyad

text: clan

text: himself

text: that

text: witnessed

text: the

text: revival

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: ascendancy

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: clan

text: to

text: the

text: corridors

text: of

text: power

text: Uthman

text: placed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: trusted

text: members

text: of

text: his

text: clan

text: at

text: prominent

text: and

text: strong

text: positions

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: Most

text: notable

text: was

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: Marwan

text: ibn

text: al

text: Hakam

text: Uthman

text: 's

text: first

text: cousin

text: as

text: his

text: top

text: advisor

text: which

text: created

text: a

text: stir

text: among

text: the

text: Hashimite

text: companions

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: as

text: Marwan

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: al-'As

text: had

text: been

text: permanently

text: exiled

text: from

text: Medina

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: during

text: his

text: lifetime

text: Uthman

text: also

text: appointed

text: as

text: governor

text: of

text: Kufa

text: his

text: half

text: brother

text: Walid

text: ibn

text: Uqba

text: who

text: was

text: accused

text: by

text: Hashmites

text: of

text: leading

text: prayer

text: while

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: alcohol

text: Uthman

text: also

text: consolidated

text: Muawiyah

text: 's

text: governorship

text: of

text: Syria

text: by

text: granting

text: him

text: control

text: over

text: a

text: larger

text: area

text: and

text: appointed

text: his

text: foster

text: brother

text: Abdullah

text: ibn

text: Saad

text: as

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Egypt

text: However

text: since

text: Uthman

text: never

text: named

text: an

text: heir

text: he

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: a

text: dynasty

question: When did Muawiyah become caliph?

answer: 661

question: When did the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan end?

answer: 656

question: Who was the son of Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As?

answer: Marwan ibn al-Hakam

text: Marwan ibn al-Hakam


text: The bodies of vascular plants including clubmosses, ferns and seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) generally have aerial and subterranean subsystems. The shoots consist of stems bearing green photosynthesising leaves and reproductive structures. The underground vascularised roots bear root hairs at their tips and generally lack chlorophyll. Non-vascular plants, the liverworts, hornworts and mosses do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots and most of the plant participates in photosynthesis. The sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: bodies

text: of

text: vascular

text: plants

text: including

text: clubmosses

text: ferns

text: and

text: seed

text: plants

text: gymnosperms

text: and

text: angiosperms

text: generally

text: have

text: aerial

text: and

text: subterranean

text: subsystems

text: The

text: shoots

text: consist

text: of

text: stems

text: bearing

text: green

text: photosynthesising

text: leaves

text: and

text: reproductive

text: structures

text: The

text: underground

text: vascularised

text: roots

text: bear

text: root

text: hairs

text: at

text: their

text: tips

text: and

text: generally

text: lack

text: chlorophyll

text: Non

text: vascular

text: plants

text: the

text: liverworts

text: hornworts

text: and

text: mosses

text: do

text: not

text: produce

text: ground

text: penetrating

text: vascular

text: roots

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: participates

text: in

text: photosynthesis

text: The

text: sporophyte

text: generation

text: is

text: nonphotosynthetic

text: in

text: liverworts

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: contribute

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: energy

text: needs

text: by

text: photosynthesis

text: in

text: mosses

text: and

text: hornworts

question: What makes up the bodies of vascular plants?

answer: stems bearing green photosynthesising leaves

text: stems bearing green photosynthesising leaves

question: Do roots contain chlorophyll?

answer: generally lack chlorophyll

text: generally lack chlorophyll

question: What makes a plant non-vascular?

answer: do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots

text: do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots

question: How much of a non-vascular plant is involved in photosynthesis?

answer: most of the plant

text: most of the plant

question: How are sporophytes generated in liverworts?

answer: nonphotosynthetic

text: nonphotosynthetic


text: After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a "golden decade" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relating to his exiles and returns from exile in the Apology Against the Arians. However, upon Constans's death in 350, another civil war broke out, which left pro-Arian Constantius as sole emperor. An Alexandria local council in 350 replaced (or reaffirmed) Athanasius in his see.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: replacement

text: bishop

text: Gregory

text: in

text: Constans

text: used

text: his

text: influence

text: to

text: allow

text: Athanasius

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: October

text: amidst

text: the

text: enthusiastic

text: demonstrations

text: of

text: the

text: populace

text: This

text: began

text: a

text: golden

text: decade

text: of

text: peace

text: and

text: prosperity

text: during

text: which

text: time

text: Athanasius

text: assembled

text: several

text: documents

text: relating

text: to

text: his

text: exiles

text: and

text: returns

text: from

text: exile

text: in

text: the

text: Apology

text: Against

text: the

text: Arians

text: However

text: upon

text: Constans

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: another

text: civil

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: which

text: left

text: pro

text: Arian

text: Constantius

text: as

text: sole

text: emperor

text: An

text: Alexandria

text: local

text: council

text: in

text: replaced

text: or

text: reaffirmed

text: Athanasius

text: in

text: his

text: see

question: Who did he have to thank for his ability to come back to Alexandria in 345?

answer: Constans

text: Constans

question: Were the people glad to have him home?

answer: enthusiastic demonstrations

text: enthusiastic demonstrations

question: In what writing did he recount his time in exiles?

answer: Apology Against the Arians

text: Apology Against the Arians

question: What happened when Constans died?

answer: civil war

text: civil war

question: Did the new emperor agree or disagree with the Arians?

answer: pro-Arian

text: pro-Arian