text: Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and ordered no 'full-scale' mobilization of forces although the mobilization was ongoing. After the launch of the invasion, the territories gained by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact were lost in a matter of weeks. Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners. The lucrative export of Soviet raw materials to Nazi Germany over the course of the Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) continued uninterrupted until the outbreak of hostilities. The Soviet exports in several key areas enabled Germany to maintain its stocks of rubber and grain from the first day of the invasion until October 1941.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: terminated

text: the

text: Molotov

text: Ribbentrop

text: Pact

text: at

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: launching

text: a

text: massive

text: attack

text: on

text: the

text: Soviet

text: positions

text: in

text: eastern

text: Poland

text: which

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: known

text: as

text: Operation

text: Barbarossa

text: Stalin

text: had

text: ignored

text: several

text: warnings

text: that

text: Germany

text: was

text: likely

text: to

text: invade

text: and

text: ordered

text: no

text: full

text: scale

text: mobilization

text: of

text: forces

text: although

text: the

text: mobilization

text: was

text: ongoing

text: After

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: invasion

text: the

text: territories

text: gained

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Molotov

text: Ribbentrop

text: Pact

text: were

text: lost

text: in

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: weeks

text: Within

text: six

text: months

text: the

text: Soviet

text: military

text: had

text: suffered

text: million

text: casualties

text: and

text: Germany

text: had

text: captured

text: three

text: million

text: Soviet

text: prisoners

text: The

text: lucrative

text: export

text: of

text: Soviet

text: raw

text: materials

text: to

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Soviet

text: economic

text: relations

text: continued

text: uninterrupted

text: until

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: hostilities

text: The

text: Soviet

text: exports

text: in

text: several

text: key

text: areas

text: enabled

text: Germany

text: to

text: maintain

text: its

text: stocks

text: of

text: rubber

text: and

text: grain

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: invasion

text: until

text: October

question: Where did the German attack on Soviet forces occur?

answer: Soviet positions in eastern Poland

text: Soviet positions in eastern Poland

question: How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?

answer: 4.3 million casualties

text: 4.3 million casualties

question: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first six months of war between the two countries?

answer: three million Soviet prisoners

text: three million Soviet prisoners

question: How long did it take to capture regions of the world that were once occupied by soviets once the initial attack occurred?

answer: matter of weeks

text: matter of weeks


text: Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Solar

text: energy

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: water

text: stabilisation

text: pond

text: to

text: treat

text: waste

text: water

text: without

text: chemicals

text: or

text: electricity

text: A

text: further

text: environmental

text: advantage

text: is

text: that

text: algae

text: grow

text: in

text: such

text: ponds

text: and

text: consume

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: in

text: photosynthesis

text: although

text: algae

text: may

text: produce

text: toxic

text: chemicals

text: that

text: make

text: the

text: water

text: unusable

question: What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds?

answer: toxic chemicals

text: toxic chemicals

question: For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond?

answer: to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity

text: to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity

question: What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable?

answer: algae may produce toxic chemicals

text: algae may produce toxic chemicals


text: The modernist views hold that classical music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in music notation, as opposed to being transmitted orally, by rote, or by recordings of particular performances.[citation needed] While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, a piece of classical music is generally held to transcend any interpretation of it. The use of musical notation is an effective method for transmitting classical music, since the written music contains the technical instructions for performing the work.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: modernist

text: views

text: hold

text: that

text: classical

text: music

text: is

text: considered

text: primarily

text: a

text: written

text: musical

text: tradition

text: preserved

text: in

text: music

text: notation

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: being

text: transmitted

text: orally

text: by

text: rote

text: or

text: by

text: recordings

text: of

text: particular

text: performances.[citation

text: needed

text: While

text: there

text: are

text: differences

text: between

text: particular

text: performances

text: of

text: a

text: classical

text: work

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: is

text: generally

text: held

text: to

text: transcend

text: any

text: interpretation

text: of

text: it

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: musical

text: notation

text: is

text: an

text: effective

text: method

text: for

text: transmitting

text: classical

text: music

text: since

text: the

text: written

text: music

text: contains

text: the

text: technical

text: instructions

text: for

text: performing

text: the

text: work

question: What type of view is that classical music is primarily written musical tradition?

answer: modernist

text: modernist

question: Musical notation is effective for what?

answer: transmitting classical music

text: transmitting classical music

question: Why is written musical notation effective?

answer: contains the technical instructions for performing the work

text: contains the technical instructions for performing the work


text: The Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, as well as pterosaurs. All this climatic change, however, resulted in a large die-out known as the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, in which all archosaurs (excluding ancient crocodiles), most synapsids, and almost all large amphibians went extinct, as well as 34% of marine life in the fourth mass extinction event of the world. The cause is debatable.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: The

text: Late

text: Triassic

text: spans

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Following

text: the

text: bloom

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Triassic

text: the

text: Late

text: Triassic

text: featured

text: frequent

text: heat

text: spells

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: moderate

text: precipitation

text: inches

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: recent

text: warming

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: boom

text: of

text: reptilian

text: evolution

text: on

text: land

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: true

text: dinosaurs

text: evolve

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: pterosaurs

text: All

text: this

text: climatic

text: change

text: however

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: die

text: out

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Triassic

text: Jurassic

text: extinction

text: event

text: in

text: which

text: all

text: archosaurs

text: excluding

text: ancient

text: crocodiles

text: most

text: synapsids

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: large

text: amphibians

text: went

text: extinct

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: of

text: marine

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: fourth

text: mass

text: extinction

text: event

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: cause

text: is

text: debatable

question: What was the span of the Late Triassic?

answer: 237 million to 200 million years

text: 237 million to 200 million years

question: Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic have?

answer: heat spells

text: heat spells

question: When did the first dinosaurs evolve?

answer: Triassic

text: Triassic

question: According to theory, what did climate change in the Late Triassic cause?

answer: Triassic-Jurassic extinction

text: Triassic-Jurassic extinction

question: What was the only archosaur to survive the fourth mass extinction?

answer: crocodiles

text: crocodiles


text: There are two major mechanical pulps, the thermomechanical one (TMP) and groundwood pulp (GW). In the TMP process, wood is chipped and then fed into large steam heated refiners, where the chips are squeezed and converted to fibres between two steel discs. In the groundwood process, debarked logs are fed into grinders where they are pressed against rotating stones to be made into fibres. Mechanical pulping does not remove the lignin, so the yield is very high, >95%, however it causes the paper thus produced to turn yellow and become brittle over time. Mechanical pulps have rather short fibres, thus producing weak paper. Although large amounts of electrical energy are required to produce mechanical pulp, it costs less than the chemical kind.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: mechanical

text: pulps

text: the

text: thermomechanical

text: one

text: TMP

text: and

text: groundwood

text: pulp

text: GW

text: In

text: the

text: TMP

text: process

text: wood

text: is

text: chipped

text: and

text: then

text: fed

text: into

text: large

text: steam

text: heated

text: refiners

text: where

text: the

text: chips

text: are

text: squeezed

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: fibres

text: between

text: two

text: steel

text: discs

text: In

text: the

text: groundwood

text: process

text: debarked

text: logs

text: are

text: fed

text: into

text: grinders

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: pressed

text: against

text: rotating

text: stones

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: into

text: fibres

text: Mechanical

text: pulping

text: does

text: not

text: remove

text: the

text: lignin

text: so

text: the

text: yield

text: is

text: very

text: high

text: however

text: it

text: causes

text: the

text: paper

text: thus

text: produced

text: to

text: turn

text: yellow

text: and

text: become

text: brittle

text: over

text: time

text: Mechanical

text: pulps

text: have

text: rather

text: short

text: fibres

text: thus

text: producing

text: weak

text: paper

text: Although

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: electrical

text: energy

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: produce

text: mechanical

text: pulp

text: it

text: costs

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: chemical

text: kind

question: Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping?

answer: groundwood pulp

text: groundwood pulp

question: What is the main ingredient in the groundwood process?

answer: debarked logs

text: debarked logs

question: What strength of paper is produced by mechanical pulps?

answer: weak

text: weak


text: In July 2007, American business magnate and investor Warren Buffett's holding company Berkshire Hathaway bought an Israeli company, Iscar, its first non-U.S. acquisition, for $4 billion. Since the 1970s, Israel has received military aid from the United States, as well as economic assistance in the form of loan guarantees, which now account for roughly half of Israel's external debt. Israel has one of the lowest external debts in the developed world, and is a net lender in terms of net external debt (the total value of assets vs. liabilities in debt instruments owed abroad), which in December 2015[update] stood at a surplus of US$118 billion.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: In

text: July

text: American

text: business

text: magnate

text: and

text: investor

text: Warren

text: Buffett

text: 's

text: holding

text: company

text: Berkshire

text: Hathaway

text: bought

text: an

text: Israeli

text: company

text: Iscar

text: its

text: first

text: non

text: U.S.

text: acquisition

text: for

text: billion

text: Since

text: the

text: Israel

text: has

text: received

text: military

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: economic

text: assistance

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: loan

text: guarantees

text: which

text: now

text: account

text: for

text: roughly

text: half

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: external

text: debt

text: Israel

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: external

text: debts

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: net

text: lender

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: net

text: external

text: debt

text: the

text: total

text: value

text: of

text: assets

text: vs.

text: liabilities

text: in

text: debt

text: instruments

text: owed

text: abroad

text: which

text: in

text: December

text: stood

text: at

text: a

text: surplus

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

question: What investor bought Iscar?

answer: Warren Buffett

text: Warren Buffett

question: When did United States begin to provide foreign aid to Israel?

answer: 1970s

question: What was Israel's debt surplus in December 2015?

answer: US$118 billion

text: US$118 billion


text: During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: During

text: McMahon

text: 's

text: period

text: in

text: office

text: Neville

text: Bonner

text: joined

text: the

text: Senate

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Indigenous

text: Australian

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: Parliament

text: Bonner

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: to

text: fill

text: a

text: Senate

text: vacancy

text: in

text: and

text: celebrated

text: his

text: maiden

text: parliamentary

text: speech

text: with

text: a

text: boomerang

text: throwing

text: display

text: on

text: the

text: lawns

text: of

text: Parliament

text: Bonner

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: election

text: at

text: the

text: election

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: Liberal

text: Senator

text: for

text: years

text: He

text: worked

text: on

text: Indigenous

text: and

text: social

text: welfare

text: issues

text: and

text: proved

text: an

text: independent

text: minded

text: Senator

text: often

text: crossing

text: the

text: floor

text: on

text: Parliamentary

text: votes

question: Who became the first indigenous Austrailian in Parliament?

answer: Neville Bonner

text: Neville Bonner

question: How long did Bonner serve as a Liberal Senator?

answer: 12 years

text: 12 years

question: How was Bonner appointed his position?

answer: chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971

text: chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971


text: The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab caliphates of Umayyad and Abbasid. The prolonged and gradual process of the Islamization of Iran began following the conquest. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later the Umayyad caliphates, both converted (mawali) and non-converted (dhimmi) Iranians were discriminated against, being excluded from the government and military, and having to pay a special tax called Jizya. Gunde Shapur, home of the Academy of Gunde Shapur which was the most important medical center of the world at the time, survived after the invasion, but became known as an Islamic institute thereafter.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: prolonged

text: Byzantine

text: Sassanid

text: Wars

text: most

text: importantly

text: the

text: climactic

text: Byzantine

text: Sassanid

text: War

text: of

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: social

text: conflict

text: within

text: the

text: Sassanid

text: Empire

text: opened

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: an

text: Arab

text: invasion

text: to

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Initially

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Arab

text: Rashidun

text: Caliphate

text: Iran

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: caliphates

text: of

text: Umayyad

text: and

text: Abbasid

text: The

text: prolonged

text: and

text: gradual

text: process

text: of

text: the

text: Islamization

text: of

text: Iran

text: began

text: following

text: the

text: conquest

text: Under

text: the

text: new

text: Arab

text: elite

text: of

text: the

text: Rashidun

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: caliphates

text: both

text: converted

text: mawali

text: and

text: non

text: converted

text: dhimmi

text: Iranians

text: were

text: discriminated

text: against

text: being

text: excluded

text: from

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: military

text: and

text: having

text: to

text: pay

text: a

text: special

text: tax

text: called

text: Jizya

text: Gunde

text: Shapur

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Gunde

text: Shapur

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: medical

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: survived

text: after

text: the

text: invasion

text: but

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: Islamic

text: institute

text: thereafter

question: What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs?

answer: Byzantine-Sassanid Wars

text: Byzantine-Sassanid Wars

question: When did the Arabs invade Iran?

answer: the 7th century

text: the 7th century

question: Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first?

answer: Arab Rashidun Caliphate

text: Arab Rashidun Caliphate

question: What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay?

answer: Jizya

text: Jizya

question: What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions?

answer: Academy of Gunde Shapur

text: Academy of Gunde Shapur


text: The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: The

text: current

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Nancy

text: Pelosi

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: serves

text: as

text: floor

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: opposition

text: party

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: counterpart

text: to

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: Unlike

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: ballot

text: for

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: during

text: the

text: convening

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: If

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: 's

text: party

text: takes

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: party

text: officers

text: are

text: all

text: re

text: elected

text: to

text: their

text: seats

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: top

text: choice

text: for

text: Speaker

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: Congress

text: while

text: the

text: Minority

text: Whip

text: is

text: typically

text: in

text: line

text: to

text: become

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: The

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: usually

text: meets

text: with

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: and

text: the

text: Speaker

text: to

text: discuss

text: agreements

text: on

text: controversial

text: issues

question: Who takes over as Speaker if the minority party gains control of the house?

answer: Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker

text: Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker

question: What meetings do Minority and Majority leaders usually meet to discuss?

answer: agreements on controversial issues

text: agreements on controversial issues

question: Who is he current Minority leader?

answer: Nancy Pelosi

text: Nancy Pelosi

question: If minority party takes control of congress, who is usually in link to become majority leader?

answer: Minority Leader

text: Minority Leader


text: Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature. A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Relaxed

text: zoning

text: rules

text: and

text: special

text: parking

text: privileges

text: for

text: churches

text: the

text: tax

text: free

text: status

text: of

text: church

text: property

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Christmas

text: is

text: a

text: federal

text: holiday

text: etc

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: questioned

text: but

text: have

text: been

text: considered

text: examples

text: of

text: the

text: governmental

text: prerogative

text: in

text: deciding

text: practical

text: and

text: beneficial

text: arrangements

text: for

text: the

text: society

text: The

text: national

text: motto

text: In

text: God

text: We

text: Trust

text: has

text: been

text: challenged

text: as

text: a

text: violation

text: but

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: ruled

text: that

text: ceremonial

text: deism

text: is

text: not

text: religious

text: in

text: nature

text: A

text: circuit

text: court

text: ruling

text: affirmed

text: Ohio

text: 's

text: right

text: to

text: use

text: as

text: its

text: motto

text: a

text: passage

text: from

text: the

text: Bible

text: With

text: God

text: all

text: things

text: are

text: possible

text: because

text: it

text: displayed

text: no

text: preference

text: for

text: a

text: particular

text: religion

question: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?

answer: beneficial arrangements for the society

text: beneficial arrangements for the society

question: What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?

answer: ceremonial deism

text: ceremonial deism

question: What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?

answer: not religious in nature

text: not religious in nature

question: What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible?

answer: Ohio

text: Ohio

question: Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?

answer: because it displayed no preference for a particular religion

text: because it displayed no preference for a particular religion


text: These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as "black" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: These

text: patterns

text: of

text: discrimination

text: against

text: non

text: whites

text: have

text: led

text: some

text: academic

text: and

text: other

text: activists

text: to

text: advocate

text: for

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: term

text: negro

text: to

text: encompass

text: all

text: African

text: descended

text: people

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: stimulate

text: a

text: black

text: consciousness

text: and

text: identity

text: This

text: proposal

text: has

text: been

text: criticized

text: since

text: the

text: term

text: pardo

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: include

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: multiracial

text: people

text: such

text: as

text: caboclos

text: mestizos

text: assimilated

text: Amerindians

text: and

text: tri

text: racials

text: not

text: only

text: people

text: of

text: partial

text: African

text: and

text: European

text: descent

text: Trying

text: to

text: identify

text: this

text: entire

text: group

text: as

text: black

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: false

text: imposition

text: of

text: a

text: different

text: identity

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: culture

text: and

text: deny

text: people

text: their

text: other

text: equally

text: valid

text: ancestries

text: and

text: cultures

text: It

text: seems

text: a

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: in

text: reverse

question: What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include?

answer: all African-descended people

text: all African-descended people

question: What does this aim to stimulate?

answer: a "black" consciousness and identity.

text: a "black" consciousness and identity.

question: What does the term "pardo" include?

answer: a wide range of multiracial people

text: a wide range of multiracial people

question: What does caboclos mean?

answer: mestizos

text: mestizos


text: Guests ascending to the 67th, 69th, and 70th level observation decks (dubbed "Top of the Rock") atop the GE Building at Rockefeller Center in New York City ride a high-speed glass-top elevator. When entering the cab, it appears to be any normal elevator ride. However, once the cab begins moving, the interior lights turn off and a special blue light above the cab turns on. This lights the entire shaft, so riders can see the moving cab through its glass ceiling as it rises and lowers through the shaft. Music plays and various animations are also displayed on the ceiling. The entire ride takes about 60 seconds.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Guests

text: ascending

text: to

text: the

text: and

text: level

text: observation

text: decks

text: dubbed

text: Top

text: of

text: the

text: Rock

text: atop

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: at

text: Rockefeller

text: Center

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: ride

text: a

text: high

text: speed

text: glass

text: top

text: elevator

text: When

text: entering

text: the

text: cab

text: it

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: any

text: normal

text: elevator

text: ride

text: However

text: once

text: the

text: cab

text: begins

text: moving

text: the

text: interior

text: lights

text: turn

text: off

text: and

text: a

text: special

text: blue

text: light

text: above

text: the

text: cab

text: turns

text: on

text: This

text: lights

text: the

text: entire

text: shaft

text: so

text: riders

text: can

text: see

text: the

text: moving

text: cab

text: through

text: its

text: glass

text: ceiling

text: as

text: it

text: rises

text: and

text: lowers

text: through

text: the

text: shaft

text: Music

text: plays

text: and

text: various

text: animations

text: are

text: also

text: displayed

text: on

text: the

text: ceiling

text: The

text: entire

text: ride

text: takes

text: about

text: seconds

question: What are the 67th, 69th, and 70th floors of the GE Building at Rockerfeller Center nicknamed?

answer: "Top of the Rock"

text: "Top of the Rock"

question: What do these floors serve as?

answer: observation decks

text: observation decks

question: What type of elevator is featured?

answer: high-speed glass-top

text: high-speed glass-top

question: How long is the short trip?

answer: about 60 seconds

text: about 60 seconds

question: The special effects include blue light, music playing and what else?

answer: various animations are also displayed on the ceiling

text: various animations are also displayed on the ceiling


text: On July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged as "Mr Nyet" in the West, had served for 28 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Gromyko was relegated to the largely ceremonial position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (officially Soviet Head of State), as he was considered an "old thinker." Also on July 1, Gorbachev took the opportunity to dispose of his main rival by removing Grigory Romanov from the Politburo, and brought Boris Yeltsin and Lev Zaikov into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: July

text: Gorbachev

text: promoted

text: Eduard

text: Shevardnadze

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Georgian

text: Communist

text: Party

text: to

text: full

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Politburo

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: day

text: appointed

text: him

text: minister

text: of

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: replacing

text: longtime

text: Foreign

text: Minister

text: Andrei

text: Gromyko

text: The

text: latter

text: disparaged

text: as

text: Mr

text: Nyet

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: had

text: served

text: for

text: years

text: as

text: Minister

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: Gromyko

text: was

text: relegated

text: to

text: the

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: position

text: of

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Presidium

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: officially

text: Soviet

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: as

text: he

text: was

text: considered

text: an

text: old

text: thinker

text: Also

text: on

text: July

text: Gorbachev

text: took

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: dispose

text: of

text: his

text: main

text: rival

text: by

text: removing

text: Grigory

text: Romanov

text: from

text: the

text: Politburo

text: and

text: brought

text: Boris

text: Yeltsin

text: and

text: Lev

text: Zaikov

text: into

text: the

text: CPSU

text: Central

text: Committee

text: Secretariat

question: When did Eduard Shevardnadze gain full membership in the Politburo?

answer: July 1, 1985

text: July 1, 1985

question: Who was responsible for Shevardnadze's membership?

answer: Gorbachev

text: Gorbachev

question: Who was minister of foreign affairs prior to Shevardnadze?

answer: Andrei Gromyko

text: Andrei Gromyko

question: What was Gromyko's western nickname?

answer: "Mr Nyet"

text: "Mr Nyet"

question: Which person did Gorbachev kick out of the Politburo on the first of July?

answer: Grigory Romanov

text: Grigory Romanov


text: Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also "accepted" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Doubts

text: remained

text: over

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Belavezha

text: Accords

text: to

text: disband

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: since

text: they

text: were

text: signed

text: by

text: only

text: three

text: republics

text: However

text: on

text: December

text: representatives

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: republics

text: all

text: except

text: Georgia

text: signed

text: the

text: Alma

text: Ata

text: Protocol

text: which

text: confirmed

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: and

text: formally

text: established

text: the

text: CIS

text: They

text: also

text: accepted

text: Gorbachev

text: 's

text: resignation

text: While

text: Gorbachev

text: had

text: n't

text: made

text: any

text: formal

text: plans

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: scene

text: yet

text: he

text: did

text: tell

text: CBS

text: News

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: resign

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: he

text: saw

text: that

text: the

text: CIS

text: was

text: indeed

text: a

text: reality

question: Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol?

answer: Georgia

text: Georgia

question: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?

answer: 11

question: What did the Protocol establish?

answer: CIS

text: CIS

question: What was dissolved by the Protocol?

answer: Union

text: Union

question: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans?

answer: CBS

text: CBS


text: The Allied disaster at Austerlitz significantly shook the faith of Emperor Francis in the British-led war effort. France and Austria agreed to an armistice immediately and the Treaty of Pressburg followed shortly after on 26 December. Pressburg took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition while reinforcing the earlier treaties of Campo Formio and of Lunéville between the two powers. The treaty confirmed the Austrian loss of lands to France in Italy and Bavaria, and lands in Germany to Napoleon's German allies. It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil. Napoleon went on to say, "The battle of Austerlitz is the finest of all I have fought." Frank McLynn suggests that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a "personal Napoleonic one". Vincent Cronin disagrees, stating that Napoleon was not overly ambitious for himself, "he embodied the ambitions of thirty million Frenchmen".

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: Allied

text: disaster

text: at

text: Austerlitz

text: significantly

text: shook

text: the

text: faith

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Francis

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: led

text: war

text: effort

text: France

text: and

text: Austria

text: agreed

text: to

text: an

text: armistice

text: immediately

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Pressburg

text: followed

text: shortly

text: after

text: on

text: December

text: Pressburg

text: took

text: Austria

text: out

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: Coalition

text: while

text: reinforcing

text: the

text: earlier

text: treaties

text: of

text: Campo

text: Formio

text: and

text: of

text: Lunéville

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: powers

text: The

text: treaty

text: confirmed

text: the

text: Austrian

text: loss

text: of

text: lands

text: to

text: France

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: and

text: lands

text: in

text: Germany

text: to

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: German

text: allies

text: It

text: also

text: imposed

text: an

text: indemnity

text: of

text: million

text: francs

text: on

text: the

text: defeated

text: Habsburgs

text: and

text: allowed

text: the

text: fleeing

text: Russian

text: troops

text: free

text: passage

text: through

text: hostile

text: territories

text: and

text: back

text: to

text: their

text: home

text: soil

text: Napoleon

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: say

text: The

text: battle

text: of

text: Austerlitz

text: is

text: the

text: finest

text: of

text: all

text: I

text: have

text: fought

text: Frank

text: McLynn

text: suggests

text: that

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: so

text: successful

text: at

text: Austerlitz

text: that

text: he

text: lost

text: touch

text: with

text: reality

text: and

text: what

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: French

text: foreign

text: policy

text: became

text: a

text: personal

text: Napoleonic

text: one

text: Vincent

text: Cronin

text: disagrees

text: stating

text: that

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: not

text: overly

text: ambitious

text: for

text: himself

text: he

text: embodied

text: the

text: ambitions

text: of

text: thirty

text: million

text: Frenchmen

question: The Allied defeat at what location caused Emperor Francis to doubt the chances of the war effort?

answer: Austerlitz

text: Austerlitz

question: What was the name of the treaty signed by France and Austria on 26 December?

answer: the Treaty of Pressburg

text: the Treaty of Pressburg

question: On what date was the Treaty of Pressburg signed?

answer: 26 December

text: 26 December

question: The Treaty of Pressburg resulted in which country leaving the war?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: How much did the Habsburgs have to pay as a result of the Treaty of Pressburg?

answer: 40 million francs

text: 40 million francs


text: Greece, together with Italy and Spain, is a major entry point for illegal immigrants trying to enter the EU. Illegal immigrants entering Greece mostly do so from the border with Turkey at the Evros River and the islands of the eastern Aegean across from Turkey (mainly Lesbos, Chios, Kos, and Samos). In 2012, the majority of illegal immigrants entering Greece came from Afghanistan, followed by Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. In 2015, arrivals of refugees by sea have increased dramatically mainly due to the ongoing Syrian civil war. There were 856,723 arrivals by sea in Greece, an almost fivefold increase to the same period of 2014, of which the Syrians represent almost 45%. An estimated 8% of the arrivals applied for asylum in Greece.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: together

text: with

text: Italy

text: and

text: Spain

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: entry

text: point

text: for

text: illegal

text: immigrants

text: trying

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: EU

text: Illegal

text: immigrants

text: entering

text: Greece

text: mostly

text: do

text: so

text: from

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Turkey

text: at

text: the

text: Evros

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Aegean

text: across

text: from

text: Turkey

text: mainly

text: Lesbos

text: Chios

text: Kos

text: and

text: Samos

text: In

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: illegal

text: immigrants

text: entering

text: Greece

text: came

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: followed

text: by

text: Pakistanis

text: and

text: Bangladeshis

text: In

text: arrivals

text: of

text: refugees

text: by

text: sea

text: have

text: increased

text: dramatically

text: mainly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: ongoing

text: Syrian

text: civil

text: war

text: There

text: were

text: arrivals

text: by

text: sea

text: in

text: Greece

text: an

text: almost

text: fivefold

text: increase

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: of

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: Syrians

text: represent

text: almost

text: An

text: estimated

text: of

text: the

text: arrivals

text: applied

text: for

text: asylum

text: in

text: Greece

question: Greece is a major destination for what to enter?

answer: illegal immigrants

text: illegal immigrants

question: In 2012, most illegal immigrants entered Greece from where?

answer: Afghanistan

text: Afghanistan

question: Immigrants arriving by sea are coming mainly for what reason?

answer: Syrian civil war

text: Syrian civil war

question: How many immigrants arrived by sea in 2015?

answer: 856,723

question: What percentage of sea immigrants asked for asylum in Greece?

answer: 8%


text: Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. Therefore, potential risks of side-effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: Interactions

text: between

text: alcohol

text: and

text: certain

text: antibiotics

text: may

text: occur

text: and

text: may

text: cause

text: side

text: effects

text: and

text: decreased

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: therapy

text: While

text: moderate

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: is

text: unlikely

text: to

text: interfere

text: with

text: many

text: common

text: antibiotics

text: there

text: are

text: specific

text: types

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: with

text: which

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: may

text: cause

text: serious

text: side

text: effects

text: Therefore

text: potential

text: risks

text: of

text: side

text: effects

text: and

text: effectiveness

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: administered

text: Despite

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: categorical

text: counterindication

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: alcohol

text: and

text: antibiotics

text: should

text: never

text: be

text: mixed

text: is

text: widespread

question: What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics?

answer: decreased effectiveness

text: decreased effectiveness

question: Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol?

answer: moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics

text: moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics

question: Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic?

answer: there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

text: there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

question: How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed?

answer: widespread

text: widespread

question: What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause?

answer: decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

text: decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

question: What is unlikely to interfere with  with many common antibiotics?

answer: alcohol consumption

text: alcohol consumption

question: What belief should bever be mixed widespread?

answer: alcohol and antibiotics

text: alcohol and antibiotics

question: What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol?

answer: specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

text: specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

question: Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics?

answer: alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed

text: alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed


text: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: An

text: exceptionally

text: well

text: preserved

text: carpet

text: like

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: was

text: uncovered

text: in

text: in

text: Bethany

text: the

text: early

text: Byzantine

text: church

text: of

text: the

text: Lazarium

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: between

text: and

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: purely

text: geometrical

text: pattern

text: the

text: church

text: floor

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: grouped

text: with

text: other

text: mosaics

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: in

text: Palestine

text: and

text: neighboring

text: areas

text: especially

text: the

text: Constantinian

text: mosaics

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: nave

text: at

text: Bethlehem

text: A

text: second

text: church

text: was

text: built

text: above

text: the

text: older

text: one

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: another

text: more

text: simple

text: geometric

text: mosaic

text: floor

question: Where would the Byzantine church of the Lazarium be located today?

answer: Bethany

text: Bethany

question: When was the Byzantine church of the Lazarium constructed?

answer: between 333 and 390

text: between 333 and 390

question: The mosaic at the Byzantine church of the Lazarium most closely resembles mosaics from which area?

answer: Palestine

text: Palestine

question: A church was built on top of the Byzantine church of the Lazarium in waht century?

answer: the 6th

text: the 6th


text: For the King's funeral, people dress in elaborate mourning costume, many of them cross-dressing men who carry bouquets of phallic vegetables. In the funeral house, the body of the King is surrounded by an honor guard and weeping concubines, crying over the loss of sexual pleasure brought about by his death. The King's body is carried to the Plaça de la Vila where a satiric eulogy is delivered while the townspeople eat salty grilled sardines with bread and wine, suggesting the symbolic cannibalism of the communion ritual. Finally, amid rockets and explosions, the King's body is burned in a massive pyre.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: For

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: funeral

text: people

text: dress

text: in

text: elaborate

text: mourning

text: costume

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: cross

text: dressing

text: men

text: who

text: carry

text: bouquets

text: of

text: phallic

text: vegetables

text: In

text: the

text: funeral

text: house

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: an

text: honor

text: guard

text: and

text: weeping

text: concubines

text: crying

text: over

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: sexual

text: pleasure

text: brought

text: about

text: by

text: his

text: death

text: The

text: King

text: 's

text: body

text: is

text: carried

text: to

text: the

text: Plaça

text: de

text: la

text: Vila

text: where

text: a

text: satiric

text: eulogy

text: is

text: delivered

text: while

text: the

text: townspeople

text: eat

text: salty

text: grilled

text: sardines

text: with

text: bread

text: and

text: wine

text: suggesting

text: the

text: symbolic

text: cannibalism

text: of

text: the

text: communion

text: ritual

text: Finally

text: amid

text: rockets

text: and

text: explosions

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: body

text: is

text: burned

text: in

text: a

text: massive

text: pyre

question: What do people dress in for the King's funeral?

answer: elaborate mourning costume

text: elaborate mourning costume

question: Who carries floral arrangements of penis-like veggies?

answer: cross-dressing men

text: cross-dressing men

question: Who weeps around the body of the King?

answer: concubines

text: concubines

question: What type of eulogy is provided for the King?

answer: satiric

text: satiric

question: What ritual suggests symbolic cannibalism?

answer: communion

text: communion


text: One adaptation helping both predators and prey avoid detection is camouflage, a form of crypsis where species have an appearance that helps them blend into the background. Camouflage consists of not only color but also shape and pattern. The background upon which the organism is seen can be both its environment (e.g., the praying mantis to the right resembling dead leaves) or other organisms (e.g., zebras' stripes blend in with each other in a herd, making it difficult for lions to focus on a single target). The more convincing camouflage is, the more likely it is that the organism will go unseen.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: One

text: adaptation

text: helping

text: both

text: predators

text: and

text: prey

text: avoid

text: detection

text: is

text: camouflage

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: crypsis

text: where

text: species

text: have

text: an

text: appearance

text: that

text: helps

text: them

text: blend

text: into

text: the

text: background

text: Camouflage

text: consists

text: of

text: not

text: only

text: color

text: but

text: also

text: shape

text: and

text: pattern

text: The

text: background

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: organism

text: is

text: seen

text: can

text: be

text: both

text: its

text: environment

text: e.g.

text: the

text: praying

text: mantis

text: to

text: the

text: right

text: resembling

text: dead

text: leaves

text: or

text: other

text: organisms

text: e.g.

text: zebras

text: stripes

text: blend

text: in

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: a

text: herd

text: making

text: it

text: difficult

text: for

text: lions

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: a

text: single

text: target

text: The

text: more

text: convincing

text: camouflage

text: is

text: the

text: more

text: likely

text: it

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: organism

text: will

text: go

text: unseen

question: Which adaptation helps both predators and prey?

answer: camouflage

text: camouflage

question: What term is used for an adaptation that enables species to blend into the background?

answer: camouflage

text: camouflage

question: Camoflauge consists of what else, in addition to color?

answer: shape and pattern

text: shape and pattern

question: Ogranisms use camoflauge to blend with their habitat and what else?

answer: other organisms

text: other organisms


text: Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Present

text: day

text: Mali

text: was

text: once

text: part

text: of

text: three

text: West

text: African

text: empires

text: that

text: controlled

text: trans

text: Saharan

text: trade

text: the

text: Ghana

text: Empire

text: the

text: Mali

text: Empire

text: for

text: which

text: Mali

text: is

text: named

text: and

text: the

text: Songhai

text: Empire

text: During

text: its

text: golden

text: age

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: flourishing

text: of

text: mathematics

text: astronomy

text: literature

text: and

text: art

text: At

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: Mali

text: Empire

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: and

text: stretched

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Africa

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: during

text: the

text: Scramble

text: for

text: Africa

text: France

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: Mali

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: French

text: Sudan

text: French

text: Sudan

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Republic

text: joined

text: with

text: Senegal

text: in

text: achieving

text: independence

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Mali

text: Federation

text: Shortly

text: thereafter

text: following

text: Senegal

text: 's

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: the

text: federation

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Republic

text: declared

text: itself

text: the

text: independent

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mali

text: After

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: one

text: party

text: rule

text: a

text: coup

text: in

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Mali

text: as

text: a

text: democratic

text: multi

text: party

text: state

question: In the latter part of the 19th century what country took control of Mali?

answer: France seized control of Mali

text: France seized control of Mali

question: What year did Mali gain independence as the Mali Federation?

answer: 1960

question: Along with a new constitution, Mali became what type of state in 1991?

answer: Mali as a democratic, multi-party state

text: Mali as a democratic, multi-party state

question: Mali was once part of how many West African empires?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was the name of the Empire that the country is now named after?

answer: Mali Empire (for which Mali is named)

text: Mali Empire (for which Mali is named)


text: 1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara saw British-Portuguese forces overrun a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called the pass to Lisbon) where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: brought

text: two

text: new

text: countries

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: Britain

text: declared

text: war

text: against

text: Spain

text: on

text: January

text: Spain

text: reacted

text: by

text: issuing

text: their

text: own

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: against

text: Britain

text: on

text: January

text: Portugal

text: followed

text: by

text: joining

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: Britain

text: 's

text: side

text: Spain

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: launched

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: succeeded

text: in

text: capturing

text: Almeida

text: The

text: arrival

text: of

text: British

text: reinforcements

text: stalled

text: a

text: further

text: Spanish

text: advance

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Valencia

text: de

text: Alcántara

text: saw

text: British

text: Portuguese

text: forces

text: overrun

text: a

text: major

text: Spanish

text: supply

text: base

text: The

text: invaders

text: were

text: stopped

text: on

text: the

text: heights

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: Abrantes

text: called

text: the

text: pass

text: to

text: Lisbon

text: where

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Portuguese

text: were

text: entrenched

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Portuguese

text: army

text: aided

text: by

text: guerrillas

text: and

text: practicing

text: a

text: scorched

text: earth

text: strategy

text: chased

text: the

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: Franco

text: Spanish

text: army

text: back

text: to

text: Spain

text: recovering

text: almost

text: all

text: the

text: lost

text: towns

text: among

text: them

text: the

text: Spanish

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Castelo

text: Branco

text: full

text: of

text: wounded

text: and

text: sick

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: left

text: behind

question: Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?

answer: Portugal

text: Portugal

question: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?

answer: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida

text: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida

question: Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?

answer: Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side

text: Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side

question: Britain sent troops to aid Portugal.  What was the result?

answer: the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain

text: the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain


text: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released "Glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé suffered before becoming pregnant with Blue Ivy. Blue Ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as "B.I.C." on it. At two days old, she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when "Glory" debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: On

text: January

text: Beyoncé

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: a

text: daughter

text: Blue

text: Ivy

text: Carter

text: at

text: Lenox

text: Hill

text: Hospital

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: under

text: heavy

text: security

text: Two

text: days

text: later

text: Jay

text: Z

text: released

text: Glory

text: a

text: song

text: dedicated

text: to

text: their

text: child

text: on

text: his

text: website

text: Lifeandtimes.com

text: The

text: song

text: detailed

text: the

text: couple

text: 's

text: pregnancy

text: struggles

text: including

text: a

text: miscarriage

text: Beyoncé

text: suffered

text: before

text: becoming

text: pregnant

text: with

text: Blue

text: Ivy

text: Blue

text: Ivy

text: 's

text: cries

text: are

text: included

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: and

text: she

text: was

text: officially

text: credited

text: as

text: B.I.C.

text: on

text: it

text: At

text: two

text: days

text: old

text: she

text: became

text: the

text: youngest

text: person

text: ever

text: to

text: appear

text: on

text: a

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: when

text: Glory

text: debuted

text: on

text: the

text: Hot

text: R&B

text: Hip

text: Hop

text: Songs

text: chart

question: Jay Z has a website called what?

answer: Lifeandtimes.com

text: Lifeandtimes.com

question: Which song by Jay Z talked about the pregnancy struggles?

answer: Glory

text: Glory

question: What was the name of Beyonce's daughter?

answer: Blue Ivy Carter

text: Blue Ivy Carter

question: At what hospital was the baby delivered?

answer: Lenox Hill Hospital

text: Lenox Hill Hospital

question: What was the named of the song  dedicated to the child?

answer: Glory

text: Glory

question: What does B.I.C. stand for?

answer: Blue Ivy Carter

text: Blue Ivy Carter

question: Who was credited for her cries on the song?

answer: B.I.C.

text: B.I.C.

question: When did Beyoncé give birth to her daughter?

answer: January 7, 2012

text: January 7, 2012

question: What did Beyoncé and Jay Z name their daughter?

answer: Blue Ivy Carter

text: Blue Ivy Carter

question: What song did Jay Z release two days after Blue Ivy was born?

answer: Glory

text: Glory

question: What is included at the end of Glory?

answer: Blue Ivy's cries

text: Blue Ivy's cries

question: How was Blue Ivy credited on Glory?

answer: B.I.C.

text: B.I.C.


text: Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Viking

text: raids

text: from

text: onwards

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Hamwic

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: fortified

text: settlement

text: which

text: became

text: medieval

text: Southampton

text: had

text: been

text: established

question: What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?

answer: Viking

text: Viking

question: What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?

answer: 840

question: In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?

answer: 10th

question: What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?

answer: Southampton

text: Southampton


text: Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe. While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, called Bundesstadt ("federal city").[note 3] The country is situated in Western and Central Europe,[note 4] and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global and economic centres, Zürich and Geneva.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: /ˈswɪtsərlənd/

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: Latin

text: Confoederatio

text: Helvetica

text: hence

text: its

text: abbreviation

text: CH

text: is

text: a

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: While

text: still

text: named

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: for

text: historical

text: reasons

text: modern

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: a

text: federal

text: directorial

text: republic

text: consisting

text: of

text: cantons

text: with

text: Bern

text: as

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: called

text: Bundesstadt

text: federal

text: city").[note

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: and

text: Central

text: Europe,[note

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: a

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: mi

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: Plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

question: What is the official name of Switzerland?

answer: Swiss Confederation

text: Swiss Confederation

question: What type of government does Switzerland have?

answer: a federal directorial republic

text: a federal directorial republic

question: How many cantons are in Switzerland's federal directorial republic?

answer: 26

question: What 3 geographical features divide Switzerland?

answer: the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura

text: the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura

question: What is the population of Switzerland?

answer: approximately 8 million

text: approximately 8 million


text: To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class. Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteria. Class rank tends to benefit top students at less competitive high schools, to the detriment of students at more competitive high schools. This effect, however, may be intentional since less-funded, less competitive schools are more likely to be schools where minority enrollment is high. Critics argue that class rank is more a measure of one's peers than of one's self. The top 10% rule adds racial diversity only because schools are still highly racially segregated because of residential patterns. The class rank rule has the same consequence as traditional affirmative action: opening schools to students who would otherwise not be admitted had the given school used a holistic, merit-based approach. From 1996 to 1998, Texas had merit-based admission to its state universities, and minority enrollment dropped. The state's adoption of the "top 10 percent" rule returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: To

text: accommodate

text: the

text: ruling

text: in

text: Hopwood

text: v.

text: Texas

text: banning

text: any

text: use

text: of

text: race

text: in

text: school

text: admissions

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Texas

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: guaranteeing

text: entry

text: to

text: any

text: state

text: university

text: if

text: a

text: student

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: their

text: graduating

text: class

text: Florida

text: and

text: California

text: have

text: also

text: replaced

text: racial

text: quotas

text: with

text: class

text: rank

text: and

text: other

text: criteria

text: Class

text: rank

text: tends

text: to

text: benefit

text: top

text: students

text: at

text: less

text: competitive

text: high

text: schools

text: to

text: the

text: detriment

text: of

text: students

text: at

text: more

text: competitive

text: high

text: schools

text: This

text: effect

text: however

text: may

text: be

text: intentional

text: since

text: less

text: funded

text: less

text: competitive

text: schools

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: schools

text: where

text: minority

text: enrollment

text: is

text: high

text: Critics

text: argue

text: that

text: class

text: rank

text: is

text: more

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: peers

text: than

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: self

text: The

text: top

text: rule

text: adds

text: racial

text: diversity

text: only

text: because

text: schools

text: are

text: still

text: highly

text: racially

text: segregated

text: because

text: of

text: residential

text: patterns

text: The

text: class

text: rank

text: rule

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: consequence

text: as

text: traditional

text: affirmative

text: action

text: opening

text: schools

text: to

text: students

text: who

text: would

text: otherwise

text: not

text: be

text: admitted

text: had

text: the

text: given

text: school

text: used

text: a

text: holistic

text: merit

text: based

text: approach

text: From

text: to

text: Texas

text: had

text: merit

text: based

text: admission

text: to

text: its

text: state

text: universities

text: and

text: minority

text: enrollment

text: dropped

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: percent

text: rule

text: returned

text: minority

text: enrollment

text: to

text: levels

question: What did the ruling in Hopwood v Texas set a precedent for in terms of admission policies?

answer: banning any use of race in school admissions

text: banning any use of race in school admissions

question: What did the law passed by the State of Texas guarantee?

answer: entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class

text: entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class

question: Other than Texas and Florida, which other state replaced racial quotas?

answer: California

text: California

question: What is one example of what racial quotas were replaced with?

answer: class rank

text: class rank

question: After the state passed the top 10% rule, what happened to minority enrollment?

answer: returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels

text: returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels


text: Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army. General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: as

text: March

text: ended

text: the

text: Confederate

text: capitol

text: became

text: indefensible

text: On

text: March

text: Confederate

text: General

text: John

text: B.

text: Gordon

text: 's

text: desperate

text: attack

text: on

text: Fort

text: Stedman

text: east

text: of

text: Petersburg

text: failed

text: On

text: April

text: General

text: Philip

text: Sheridan

text: assigned

text: to

text: interdict

text: the

text: Southside

text: Railroad

text: met

text: brigades

text: commanded

text: by

text: George

text: Pickett

text: at

text: the

text: Five

text: Forks

text: junction

text: smashing

text: them

text: taking

text: thousands

text: of

text: prisoners

text: and

text: encouraging

text: General

text: Grant

text: to

text: order

text: a

text: general

text: advance

text: When

text: the

text: Union

text: Sixth

text: Corps

text: broke

text: through

text: Confederate

text: lines

text: on

text: Boydton

text: Plank

text: Road

text: south

text: of

text: Petersburg

text: Confederate

text: casualties

text: exceeded

text: or

text: about

text: a

text: tenth

text: of

text: Lee

text: 's

text: defending

text: army

text: General

text: Lee

text: then

text: informed

text: Jefferson

text: Davis

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: about

text: to

text: evacuate

text: Richmond

question: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman?

answer: east

text: east

question: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?

answer: tenth

text: tenth

question: On what road did the US Army Sixth Corps shatter the Confederate line?

answer: Boydton Plank

text: Boydton Plank

question: What general commanded the attack on Fort Stedman?

answer: John B. Gordon

text: John B. Gordon

question: In what month of 1865 was Richmond judged to be no longer able to be defended?

answer: March

text: March


text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: FBI

text: is

text: the

text: domestic

text: intelligence

text: and

text: security

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: simultaneously

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: prime

text: federal

text: law

text: enforcement

text: organization

text: Operating

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: FBI

text: is

text: concurrently

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Intelligence

text: Community

text: and

text: reports

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Attorney

text: General

text: and

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: A

text: leading

text: U.S.

text: counterterrorism

text: counterintelligence

text: and

text: criminal

text: investigative

text: organization

text: FBI

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: violations

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: categories

text: of

text: federal

text: crimes

question: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?

answer: FBI

text: FBI

question: What organization is the FBI a subset of?

answer: U.S. Department of Justice

text: U.S. Department of Justice

question: What Director does the FBI report to?

answer: Director of National Intelligence

text: Director of National Intelligence

question: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?

answer: 200


text: The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand. In reviewing 164 recent scenarios of future renewable energy growth, the report noted that the majority expected renewable sources to supply more than 17% of total energy by 2030, and 27% by 2050; the highest forecast projected 43% supplied by renewables by 2030 and 77% by 2050. Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply. Also, Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow have developed a series of "stabilization wedges" that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change, and "renewable energy sources," in aggregate, constitute the largest number of their "wedges."

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: The

text: incentive

text: to

text: use

text: renewable

text: energy

text: for

text: electricity

text: transport

text: or

text: even

text: total

text: primary

text: energy

text: supply

text: globally

text: has

text: been

text: motivated

text: by

text: global

text: warming

text: and

text: other

text: ecological

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: economic

text: concerns

text: The

text: Intergovernmental

text: Panel

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: few

text: fundamental

text: technological

text: limits

text: to

text: integrating

text: a

text: portfolio

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: to

text: meet

text: most

text: of

text: total

text: global

text: energy

text: demand

text: In

text: reviewing

text: recent

text: scenarios

text: of

text: future

text: renewable

text: energy

text: growth

text: the

text: report

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: majority

text: expected

text: renewable

text: sources

text: to

text: supply

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: total

text: energy

text: by

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: highest

text: forecast

text: projected

text: supplied

text: by

text: renewables

text: by

text: and

text: by

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: use

text: has

text: grown

text: much

text: faster

text: than

text: even

text: advocates

text: anticipated

text: At

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: at

text: least

text: nations

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: already

text: have

text: renewable

text: energy

text: contributing

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: energy

text: supply

text: Also

text: Professors

text: S.

text: Pacala

text: and

text: Robert

text: H.

text: Socolow

text: have

text: developed

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: stabilization

text: wedges

text: that

text: can

text: allow

text: us

text: to

text: maintain

text: our

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: while

text: avoiding

text: catastrophic

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: renewable

text: energy

text: sources

text: in

text: aggregate

text: constitute

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: their

text: wedges

question: What motivated the incentive to use 100 percent renewable energy?

answer: global warming

text: global warming

question: How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 20 percent of energy supply?

answer: at least 30 nations

text: at least 30 nations

question: Who developed a series of stabilization wedges?

answer: Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow

text: Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow


text: With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-hour work week, increased wages, greater benefits and improved working conditions. The labor activism during those years increased influence of union leaders in the city such as Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters and Walter Reuther of the Autoworkers.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: With

text: the

text: rapid

text: growth

text: of

text: industrial

text: workers

text: in

text: the

text: auto

text: factories

text: labor

text: unions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: Federation

text: of

text: Labor

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Auto

text: Workers

text: fought

text: to

text: organize

text: workers

text: to

text: gain

text: them

text: better

text: working

text: conditions

text: and

text: wages

text: They

text: initiated

text: strikes

text: and

text: other

text: tactics

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: improvements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: work

text: week

text: increased

text: wages

text: greater

text: benefits

text: and

text: improved

text: working

text: conditions

text: The

text: labor

text: activism

text: during

text: those

text: years

text: increased

text: influence

text: of

text: union

text: leaders

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: such

text: as

text: Jimmy

text: Hoffa

text: of

text: the

text: Teamsters

text: and

text: Walter

text: Reuther

text: of

text: the

text: Autoworkers

question: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?

answer: Jimmy Hoffa

text: Jimmy Hoffa

question: Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?

answer: Walter Reuther

text: Walter Reuther

question: How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?

answer: 8

question: How many hours did the Unions want the work week to be limited to?

answer: 40


text: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: A

text: study

text: found

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: clear

text: homogeneous

text: genetic

text: subgroup

text: Strikingly

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: origin

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: can

text: be

text: grouped

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: genetic

text: cohort

text: that

text: is

text: regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: an

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jew

text: 's

text: ancestors

text: came

text: from

text: Poland

text: Russia

text: Hungary

text: Lithuania

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: place

text: with

text: a

text: historical

text: Jewish

text: population

text: they

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: ethnic

text: group

text: The

text: research

text: demonstrates

text: the

text: endogamy

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: lends

text: further

text: credence

text: to

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: as

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: Moreover

text: though

text: intermarriage

text: among

text: Jews

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: descent

text: has

text: become

text: increasingly

text: common

text: many

text: Haredi

text: Jews

text: particularly

text: members

text: of

text: Hasidic

text: or

text: Hareidi

text: sects

text: continue

text: to

text: marry

text: exclusively

text: fellow

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: This

text: trend

text: keeps

text: Ashkenazi

text: genes

text: prevalent

text: and

text: also

text: helps

text: researchers

text: further

text: study

text: the

text: genes

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: with

text: relative

text: ease

text: It

text: is

text: noteworthy

text: that

text: these

text: Haredi

text: Jews

text: often

text: have

text: extremely

text: large

text: families

question: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?

answer: a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup

text: a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup

question: Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?

answer: ethnic group

text: ethnic group

question: Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population?

answer: Hasidic or Hareidi sects

text: Hasidic or Hareidi sects

question: Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?

answer: Haredi Jews often have extremely large families

text: Haredi Jews often have extremely large families


text: With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: With

text: such

text: a

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: children

text: working

text: the

text: rising

text: of

text: illiteracy

text: and

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: formal

text: education

text: became

text: a

text: widespread

text: issue

text: for

text: many

text: children

text: who

text: worked

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: their

text: families

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: problematic

text: trend

text: many

text: parents

text: developed

text: a

text: change

text: of

text: opinion

text: when

text: deciding

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: send

text: their

text: children

text: to

text: work

text: Other

text: factors

text: that

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: included

text: financial

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: technology

text: raised

text: wages

text: and

text: continuous

text: regulations

text: on

text: factory

text: legislation

question: What became an issue for the working child?

answer: illiteracy

text: illiteracy

question: Was illiteracy a factor in changing the minds of parents of child labourers?

answer: many parents developed a change of opinion

text: many parents developed a change of opinion

question: What are the reasons that lead to a decline of child labour?

answer: financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation

text: financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation


text: While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: While

text: still

text: a

text: student

text: he

text: was

text: offered

text: a

text: small

text: unpaid

text: intern

text: job

text: at

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: with

text: the

text: editing

text: department

text: He

text: was

text: later

text: given

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: short

text: film

text: for

text: theatrical

text: release

text: the

text: mm

text: Amblin

text: which

text: he

text: wrote

text: and

text: directed

text: Studio

text: vice

text: president

text: Sidney

text: Sheinberg

text: was

text: impressed

text: by

text: the

text: film

text: which

text: had

text: won

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: awards

text: and

text: offered

text: Spielberg

text: a

text: seven

text: year

text: directing

text: contract

text: It

text: made

text: him

text: the

text: youngest

text: director

text: ever

text: to

text: be

text: signed

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: deal

text: with

text: a

text: major

text: Hollywood

text: He

text: subsequently

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: college

text: to

text: begin

text: professionally

text: directing

text: TV

text: productions

text: with

text: Universal

question: What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student?

answer: Universal Studios

text: Universal Studios

question: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?

answer: Sidney Sheinberg

text: Sidney Sheinberg

question: What short film did Spielberg make for theatrical release?

answer: Amblin

text: Amblin

question: What did Steven Spielberg do to begin directing TV prouctions for Universal?

answer: dropped out of college

text: dropped out of college

question: How did Sidney Sheinberg feel about the film "Amblin'"

answer: impressed

text: impressed

question: What studio gave Spielberg an unpaid internship?

answer: Universal Studios

text: Universal Studios

question: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with?

answer: editing

text: editing

question: How long was 'Amblin'?

answer: 26-minute

question: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal?

answer: vice president

text: vice president

question: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?

answer: seven-year

text: seven-year


text: In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record "No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed "The Show Must Go On" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: In

text: Queen

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: studio

text: to

text: record

text: No

text: One

text: but

text: You

text: Only

text: the

text: Good

text: Die

text: Young

text: a

text: song

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Mercury

text: and

text: all

text: those

text: that

text: die

text: too

text: soon

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: bonus

text: track

text: on

text: the

text: Queen

text: Rocks

text: compilation

text: album

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: In

text: January

text: Queen

text: performed

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: live

text: with

text: Elton

text: John

text: and

text: the

text: Béjart

text: Ballet

text: in

text: Paris

text: on

text: a

text: night

text: Mercury

text: was

text: remembered

text: and

text: it

text: marked

text: the

text: last

text: performance

text: and

text: public

text: appearance

text: of

text: John

text: Deacon

text: who

text: chose

text: to

text: retire

text: The

text: Paris

text: concert

text: was

text: only

text: the

text: second

text: time

text: Queen

text: had

text: played

text: live

text: since

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: death

text: prompting

text: Elton

text: John

text: to

text: urge

text: them

text: to

text: perform

text: again

question: In what year did Queen release No-One but You

answer: 1997

question: Who was No-One but You dedicated to?

answer: Mercury

text: Mercury

question: Which compilation did Queen release in 1997?

answer: Queen Rocks

text: Queen Rocks

question: Who performed live with Queen on The Show Must Go On in 1997?

answer: Elton John and the Béjart Ballet

text: Elton John and the Béjart Ballet

question: Which Queen member retired in 1997?

answer: John Deacon

text: John Deacon