text: Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo, just under Mount Suribachi; where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. For some time, they did not come under fire. This was part of Kuribayashi's plan to hold fire until the landing beaches were full. As soon as the Marines pushed inland to a line of enemy bunkers, they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire which cut down many of the men. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast of the island, but their losses were appalling; almost 2,000 men killed or wounded.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Starting

text: in

text: mid

text: June

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: came

text: under

text: sustained

text: aerial

text: bombardment

text: and

text: naval

text: artillery

text: fire

text: However

text: Kuribayashi

text: 's

text: hidden

text: guns

text: and

text: defenses

text: survived

text: the

text: constant

text: bombardment

text: virtually

text: unscathed

text: On

text: February

text: some

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Marine

text: Divisions

text: landed

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: of

text: Iwo

text: just

text: under

text: Mount

text: Suribachi

text: where

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: defenses

text: were

text: concentrated

text: For

text: some

text: time

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: under

text: fire

text: This

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Kuribayashi

text: 's

text: plan

text: to

text: hold

text: fire

text: until

text: the

text: landing

text: beaches

text: were

text: full

text: As

text: soon

text: as

text: the

text: Marines

text: pushed

text: inland

text: to

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: enemy

text: bunkers

text: they

text: came

text: under

text: devastating

text: machine

text: gun

text: and

text: artillery

text: fire

text: which

text: cut

text: down

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: the

text: Marines

text: reached

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: but

text: their

text: losses

text: were

text: appalling

text: almost

text: men

text: killed

text: or

text: wounded

question: When did Iwo Jima come under bombardment?

answer: mid-June 1944

text: mid-June 1944

question: How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945?

answer: some 30,000

text: some 30,000

question: What was the name of the mountain on Iwo Jima?

answer: Mount Suribachi

text: Mount Suribachi

question: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island?

answer: almost 2,000

text: almost 2,000


text: This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most problems to implement those, so the Greek exit, also called "Grexit", has been widely discussed. Germany, as a large and financially stable state being in the focus to be asked to guarantee or repay other states debt, has never pushed those exits. Their position is to keep Greece within the eurozone, but not at any cost. If the worst comes to the worst, priority should be given to the euro's stability.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: public

text: discussions

text: if

text: Greece

text: Portugal

text: and

text: even

text: Italy

text: would

text: be

text: better

text: off

text: leaving

text: the

text: eurozone

text: to

text: regain

text: economical

text: and

text: financial

text: stability

text: if

text: they

text: would

text: not

text: implement

text: reforms

text: to

text: strengthen

text: their

text: competitiveness

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: in

text: time

text: Greece

text: had

text: the

text: greatest

text: need

text: for

text: reforms

text: but

text: also

text: most

text: problems

text: to

text: implement

text: those

text: so

text: the

text: Greek

text: exit

text: also

text: called

text: Grexit

text: has

text: been

text: widely

text: discussed

text: Germany

text: as

text: a

text: large

text: and

text: financially

text: stable

text: state

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: focus

text: to

text: be

text: asked

text: to

text: guarantee

text: or

text: repay

text: other

text: states

text: debt

text: has

text: never

text: pushed

text: those

text: exits

text: Their

text: position

text: is

text: to

text: keep

text: Greece

text: within

text: the

text: eurozone

text: but

text: not

text: at

text: any

text: cost

text: If

text: the

text: worst

text: comes

text: to

text: the

text: worst

text: priority

text: should

text: be

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: euro

text: 's

text: stability

question: What term was coined when Greece left the eurozone?

answer: Grexit

text: Grexit

question: What is Germany's position on wether or not Greece should be in the eurozone?

answer: If the worst comes to the worst, priority should be given to the euro's stability.

text: If the worst comes to the worst, priority should be given to the euro's stability.

question: As one of the financial powers, has Germany ever tried to force the crisis states into leaving the eurozone?

answer: never pushed those exits

text: never pushed those exits

question: Which eurozone country has the biggest need for financial reform?

answer: Greece

text: Greece


text: Before the 1950s, the department store held an eminent place in both Canada and Australia, during both the Great Depression and World War II. Since then, they have suffered from strong competition from specialist stores. Most recently the competition has intensified with the advent of larger-scale superstores (Jones et al. 1994; Merrilees and Miller 1997). Competition was not the only reason for the department stores' weakening strength; the changing structure of cities also affected them. The compact and centralized 19th century city with its mass transit lines converging on the downtown was a perfect environment for department store growth. But as residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs, the large, downtown department stores became inconvenient and lost business to the newer suburban shopping malls. In 2003, U.S. department store sales were surpassed by big-box store sales for the first time (though some stores may be classified as "big box" by physical layout and "department store" by merchandise).

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Before

text: the

text: the

text: department

text: store

text: held

text: an

text: eminent

text: place

text: in

text: both

text: Canada

text: and

text: Australia

text: during

text: both

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: and

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Since

text: then

text: they

text: have

text: suffered

text: from

text: strong

text: competition

text: from

text: specialist

text: stores

text: Most

text: recently

text: the

text: competition

text: has

text: intensified

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: larger

text: scale

text: superstores

text: Jones

text: et

text: al

text: Merrilees

text: and

text: Miller

text: Competition

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: department

text: stores

text: weakening

text: strength

text: the

text: changing

text: structure

text: of

text: cities

text: also

text: affected

text: them

text: The

text: compact

text: and

text: centralized

text: century

text: city

text: with

text: its

text: mass

text: transit

text: lines

text: converging

text: on

text: the

text: downtown

text: was

text: a

text: perfect

text: environment

text: for

text: department

text: store

text: growth

text: But

text: as

text: residents

text: moved

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: downtown

text: areas

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

text: the

text: large

text: downtown

text: department

text: stores

text: became

text: inconvenient

text: and

text: lost

text: business

text: to

text: the

text: newer

text: suburban

text: shopping

text: malls

text: In

text: U.S.

text: department

text: store

text: sales

text: were

text: surpassed

text: by

text: big

text: box

text: store

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: though

text: some

text: stores

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: big

text: box

text: by

text: physical

text: layout

text: and

text: department

text: store

text: by

text: merchandise

question: What is one type of competition department stores face?

answer: specialist stores

text: specialist stores

question: What types of stores have created even more competition?

answer: superstores

text: superstores

question: What factor lead to a decrease in department store shoppers?

answer: residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs

text: residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs

question: In what year were department store sales beaten by larger stores?

answer: 2003


text: In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: school

text: casualties

text: thousands

text: of

text: school

text: children

text: died

text: due

text: to

text: shoddy

text: construction

text: In

text: Mianyang

text: City

text: seven

text: schools

text: collapsed

text: burying

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: At

text: least

text: school

text: buildings

text: throughout

text: the

text: province

text: collapsed

text: Another

text: students

text: were

text: buried

text: in

text: a

text: school

text: in

text: Hanwang

text: At

text: least

text: students

text: and

text: staff

text: died

text: at

text: Juyuan

text: Elementary

text: School

text: Up

text: to

text: children

text: and

text: teachers

text: died

text: at

text: Beichuan

text: Middle

text: School

question: How many school children died due to shoddy construction?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many people were buried in the collapsed schools?

answer: 1,700

question: How many school buildings collapsed in the province?

answer: 7,000

question: How many students were buried in a school in Hanwang?

answer: 700

question: What caused the deaths of many school children?

answer: shoddy construction

text: shoddy construction

question: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many people were buried under rubble in Mianyang City?

answer: 1,700

question: How many school buildings fell in the entire province?

answer: 7,000

question: How many were killed at the Juyuan Elementary School?

answer: 600


text: With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I's treatise Pastoral Care, appear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great (871 to 901) chiefly inspired the growth of prose.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: With

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdoms

text: outside

text: the

text: Danelaw

text: by

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: literature

text: became

text: standardised

text: around

text: the

text: West

text: Saxon

text: dialect

text: Early

text: West

text: Saxon

text: Alfred

text: advocated

text: education

text: in

text: English

text: alongside

text: Latin

text: and

text: had

text: many

text: works

text: translated

text: into

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: such

text: as

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: I

text: 's

text: treatise

text: Pastoral

text: Care

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: translated

text: by

text: Alfred

text: himself

text: In

text: Old

text: English

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: literature

text: poetry

text: arose

text: before

text: prose

text: but

text: King

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: to

text: chiefly

text: inspired

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: prose

question: What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?

answer: Pastoral Care

text: Pastoral Care

question: What dialect did Alfred's government use?

answer: West Saxon

text: West Saxon

question: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?

answer: 9th

question: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?

answer: 871

question: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?

answer: Alfred the Great

text: Alfred the Great


text: Although racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise there is but little basis except for history and convention to lump together peoples of multiple, often unrelated languages, governments, loyalties and customs.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Although

text: racial

text: and

text: colonial

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: considered

text: ideologically

text: sound

text: the

text: sentiment

text: of

text: unity

text: persists

text: For

text: much

text: but

text: by

text: no

text: means

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: the

text: predominance

text: of

text: Islam

text: lends

text: some

text: unity

text: as

text: does

text: the

text: transient

text: accident

text: of

text: geographical

text: continuity

text: Otherwise

text: there

text: is

text: but

text: little

text: basis

text: except

text: for

text: history

text: and

text: convention

text: to

text: lump

text: together

text: peoples

text: of

text: multiple

text: often

text: unrelated

text: languages

text: governments

text: loyalties

text: and

text: customs

question: What sentiment persists even though racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound?

answer: sentiment of unity

text: sentiment of unity

question: What definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound?

answer: racial and colonial definitions

text: racial and colonial definitions

question: What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered?

answer: no longer considered ideologically sound

text: no longer considered ideologically sound


text: The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the MoD does not foresee any short-term conventional military threat; rather, it has identified weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states as the overriding threats to Britain's interests. The MoD also manages day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: MoD

text: states

text: that

text: its

text: principal

text: objectives

text: are

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: its

text: interests

text: and

text: to

text: strengthen

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: stability

text: With

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: the

text: MoD

text: does

text: not

text: foresee

text: any

text: short

text: term

text: conventional

text: military

text: threat

text: rather

text: it

text: has

text: identified

text: weapons

text: of

text: mass

text: destruction

text: international

text: terrorism

text: and

text: failed

text: and

text: failing

text: states

text: as

text: the

text: overriding

text: threats

text: to

text: Britain

text: 's

text: interests

text: The

text: MoD

text: also

text: manages

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: running

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: contingency

text: planning

text: and

text: defence

text: procurement

question: What does the MoD wish to strengthen?

answer: international peace and stability

text: international peace and stability

question: The UK consists of what two areas?

answer: Great Britain and Northern Ireland

text: Great Britain and Northern Ireland

question: What does the MoD defend?

answer: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

question: What are the threats that the MoD has identified?

answer: weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states

text: weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states

question: What does the MoD manage?

answer: day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement

text: day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement


text: Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century. In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims, known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries. Islamic influence in Tibet also came from Persia. After 1959 a group of Tibetan Muslims made a case for Indian nationality based on their historic roots to Kashmir and the Indian government declared all Tibetan Muslims Indian citizens later on that year. Other Muslim ethnic groups who have long inhabited Tibet include Hui, Salar, Dongxiang and Bonan. There is also a well established Chinese Muslim community (gya kachee), which traces its ancestry back to the Hui ethnic group of China.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Muslims

text: have

text: been

text: living

text: in

text: Tibet

text: since

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: or

text: century

text: In

text: Tibetan

text: cities

text: there

text: are

text: small

text: communities

text: of

text: Muslims

text: known

text: as

text: Kachee

text: Kache

text: who

text: trace

text: their

text: origin

text: to

text: immigrants

text: from

text: three

text: main

text: regions

text: Kashmir

text: Kachee

text: Yul

text: in

text: ancient

text: Tibetan

text: Ladakh

text: and

text: the

text: Central

text: Asian

text: Turkic

text: countries

text: Islamic

text: influence

text: in

text: Tibet

text: also

text: came

text: from

text: Persia

text: After

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Muslims

text: made

text: a

text: case

text: for

text: Indian

text: nationality

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: historic

text: roots

text: to

text: Kashmir

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: government

text: declared

text: all

text: Tibetan

text: Muslims

text: Indian

text: citizens

text: later

text: on

text: that

text: year

text: Other

text: Muslim

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: who

text: have

text: long

text: inhabited

text: Tibet

text: include

text: Hui

text: Salar

text: Dongxiang

text: and

text: Bonan

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: well

text: established

text: Chinese

text: Muslim

text: community

text: gya

text: kachee

text: which

text: traces

text: its

text: ancestry

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Hui

text: ethnic

text: group

text: of

text: China

question: What are Tibetan Muslims known as?

answer: Kachee

text: Kachee

question: Where did Islamic influence in Tibet come from?

answer: Persia

text: Persia

question: In what year were all Tibetan Muslims declared Indiana citizens?

answer: 1959

question: What is the Chinese Muslim community called?

answer: gya kachee

text: gya kachee


text: North Carolina made the smallest per-capita contribution to the war of any state, as only 7,800 men joined the Continental Army under General George Washington; an additional 10,000 served in local militia units under such leaders as General Nathanael Greene. There was some military action, especially in 1780–81. Many Carolinian frontiersmen had moved west over the mountains, into the Washington District (later known as Tennessee), but in 1789, following the Revolution, the state was persuaded to relinquish its claim to the western lands. It ceded them to the national government so that the Northwest Territory could be organized and managed nationally.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: made

text: the

text: smallest

text: per

text: capita

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: of

text: any

text: state

text: as

text: only

text: men

text: joined

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: under

text: General

text: George

text: Washington

text: an

text: additional

text: served

text: in

text: local

text: militia

text: units

text: under

text: such

text: leaders

text: as

text: General

text: Nathanael

text: Greene

text: There

text: was

text: some

text: military

text: action

text: especially

text: in

text: Many

text: Carolinian

text: frontiersmen

text: had

text: moved

text: west

text: over

text: the

text: mountains

text: into

text: the

text: Washington

text: District

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Tennessee

text: but

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: Revolution

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: persuaded

text: to

text: relinquish

text: its

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: lands

text: It

text: ceded

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: government

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territory

text: could

text: be

text: organized

text: and

text: managed

text: nationally

question: What state made the smallest contribution to the revolutionary war of any state?

answer: North Carolina

text: North Carolina

question: How many men from NC joined the continental army?

answer: 7,800

question: What years were the highest concentration of military action in NC during the revolutionary war?

answer: 1780–81

question: Who led the continental army?

answer: General George Washington

text: General George Washington

question: Frontiersmen from the Carolinas moved west into what area that is now known as Tennessee?

answer: Washington District

text: Washington District


text: Scientists have been studying the impact of climate change and water use. For example, each year more water is diverted from rivers for snowmaking in the ski resorts, the effect of which is yet unknown. Furthermore, the decrease of glaciated areas combined with a succession of winters with lower-than-expected precipitation may have a future impact on the rivers in the Alps as well as an effect on the water availability to the lowlands.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Scientists

text: have

text: been

text: studying

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: water

text: use

text: For

text: example

text: each

text: year

text: more

text: water

text: is

text: diverted

text: from

text: rivers

text: for

text: snowmaking

text: in

text: the

text: ski

text: resorts

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: yet

text: unknown

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: decrease

text: of

text: glaciated

text: areas

text: combined

text: with

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: winters

text: with

text: lower

text: than

text: expected

text: precipitation

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: future

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: rivers

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: water

text: availability

text: to

text: the

text: lowlands

question: Who have been studying the impact of climate change and water use?

answer: Scientists

text: Scientists

question: Water is diverted from rivers for what purpose?

answer: snowmaking in the ski resorts

text: snowmaking in the ski resorts

question: What are the effects of diverting the water from rivers?

answer: unknown

text: unknown


text: The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, a line which marks the elevation at which waterfalls first appear on streams and rivers. The Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the state's most urbanized and densely populated section. It consists of gently rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. Small, isolated, and deeply eroded mountain ranges and peaks are located in the Piedmont, including the Sauratown Mountains, Pilot Mountain, the Uwharrie Mountains, Crowder's Mountain, King's Pinnacle, the Brushy Mountains, and the South Mountains. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 to 400 feet (91 to 122 m) in elevation in the east to over 1,000 feet (300 m) in the west. Because of the rapid population growth in the Piedmont, a significant part of the rural area in this region is being transformed into suburbs with shopping centers, housing, and corporate offices. Agriculture is steadily declining in importance. The major rivers of the Piedmont, such as the Yadkin and Catawba, tend to be fast-flowing, shallow, and narrow.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: The

text: coastal

text: plain

text: transitions

text: to

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: region

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Seaboard

text: fall

text: line

text: a

text: line

text: which

text: marks

text: the

text: elevation

text: at

text: which

text: waterfalls

text: first

text: appear

text: on

text: streams

text: and

text: rivers

text: The

text: Piedmont

text: region

text: of

text: central

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: most

text: urbanized

text: and

text: densely

text: populated

text: section

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: gently

text: rolling

text: countryside

text: frequently

text: broken

text: by

text: hills

text: or

text: low

text: mountain

text: ridges

text: Small

text: isolated

text: and

text: deeply

text: eroded

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: and

text: peaks

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: including

text: the

text: Sauratown

text: Mountains

text: Pilot

text: Mountain

text: the

text: Uwharrie

text: Mountains

text: Crowder

text: 's

text: Mountain

text: King

text: 's

text: Pinnacle

text: the

text: Brushy

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Piedmont

text: ranges

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: feet

text: to

text: m

text: in

text: elevation

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: over

text: feet

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: rapid

text: population

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: rural

text: area

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: is

text: being

text: transformed

text: into

text: suburbs

text: with

text: shopping

text: centers

text: housing

text: and

text: corporate

text: offices

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: steadily

text: declining

text: in

text: importance

text: The

text: major

text: rivers

text: of

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Yadkin

text: and

text: Catawba

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: fast

text: flowing

text: shallow

text: and

text: narrow

question: Pilot Mountain and South Mountains are located in what region of North Carolina?

answer: Piedmont

text: Piedmont

question: What section of Central North Carolina has the most dense population?

answer: The Piedmont region

text: The Piedmont region

question: What is the average elevation in the west Piedmont region?

answer: 1,000 feet

text: 1,000 feet

question: What do you call the line that marks the elevation that waterfalls first appear on rivers?

answer: Atlantic Seaboard fall line

text: Atlantic Seaboard fall line

question: At what point does the coastal plin transition to the Piedmont region?

answer: along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line

text: along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line


text: Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen people were killed in Beirut as a result of the chaos, and in Jerusalem, roughly 75,000 Arabs marched through the Old City chanting, "Nasser will never die." As a testament to his unchallenged leadership of the Arab people, following his death, the headline of the Lebanese Le Jour read, "One hundred million human beings—the Arabs—are orphans." Sherif Hetata, a former political prisoner and later member Nasser's ASU, said that "Nasser's greatest achievement was his funeral. The world will never again see five million people crying together."

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Because

text: of

text: his

text: ability

text: to

text: motivate

text: nationalistic

text: passions

text: men

text: women

text: and

text: children

text: wept

text: and

text: wailed

text: in

text: the

text: streets

text: after

text: hearing

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: according

text: to

text: Nutting

text: The

text: general

text: Arab

text: reaction

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: mourning

text: with

text: thousands

text: of

text: people

text: pouring

text: onto

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: major

text: cities

text: throughout

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: Over

text: a

text: dozen

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: Beirut

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: chaos

text: and

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: roughly

text: Arabs

text: marched

text: through

text: the

text: Old

text: City

text: chanting

text: Nasser

text: will

text: never

text: die

text: As

text: a

text: testament

text: to

text: his

text: unchallenged

text: leadership

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: people

text: following

text: his

text: death

text: the

text: headline

text: of

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: Le

text: Jour

text: read

text: One

text: hundred

text: million

text: human

text: beings

text: the

text: Arabs

text: are

text: orphans

text: Sherif

text: Hetata

text: a

text: former

text: political

text: prisoner

text: and

text: later

text: member

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: ASU

text: said

text: that

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: greatest

text: achievement

text: was

text: his

text: funeral

text: The

text: world

text: will

text: never

text: again

text: see

text: five

text: million

text: people

text: crying

text: together

question: How many eople died in Breuit because of unrest caused by Nasser's death?

answer: Over a dozen

text: Over a dozen

question: How many people marched in Jerusalem?

answer: 75,000

question: Who said, "The world will never again see five million people crying together?"

answer: Sherif Hetata

text: Sherif Hetata

question: What did a Lebanese publication call the Arabs following Nasser's death?

answer: orphans

text: orphans


text: After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: After

text: the

text: September

text: execution

text: of

text: Troy

text: Davis

text: believed

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: innocent

text: Richard

text: Dieter

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Death

text: Penalty

text: Information

text: Center

text: said

text: this

text: case

text: was

text: a

text: clear

text: wake

text: up

text: call

text: to

text: politicians

text: across

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: He

text: said

text: They

text: were

text: n't

text: expecting

text: such

text: passion

text: from

text: people

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: There

text: 's

text: a

text: widely

text: held

text: perception

text: that

text: all

text: Americans

text: are

text: united

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: executions

text: but

text: this

text: message

text: came

text: across

text: loud

text: and

text: clear

text: that

text: many

text: people

text: are

text: not

text: happy

text: with

text: it

text: Brian

text: Evans

text: of

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: which

text: led

text: the

text: campaign

text: to

text: spare

text: Davis

text: 's

text: life

text: said

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: groundswell

text: in

text: America

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: are

text: tired

text: of

text: a

text: justice

text: system

text: that

text: is

text: inhumane

text: and

text: inflexible

text: and

text: allows

text: executions

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: clear

text: doubts

text: about

text: guilt

text: He

text: predicted

text: the

text: debate

text: would

text: now

text: be

text: conducted

text: with

text: renewed

text: energy

question: In what month and year was Troy Davis executed?

answer: September 2011

text: September 2011

question: Who was the Death Penalty Information Center director?

answer: Richard Dieter

text: Richard Dieter

question: What organization did Brian Evans work for?

answer: Amnesty International

text: Amnesty International


text: After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revolt of several of their Latin allies in the Latin War. Rome beat the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: After

text: recovering

text: surprisingly

text: fast

text: from

text: the

text: sack

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: Romans

text: immediately

text: resumed

text: their

text: expansion

text: within

text: Italy

text: The

text: First

text: Samnite

text: War

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: was

text: relatively

text: short

text: the

text: Romans

text: beat

text: the

text: Samnites

text: in

text: two

text: battles

text: but

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: before

text: they

text: could

text: pursue

text: the

text: conflict

text: further

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: revolt

text: of

text: several

text: of

text: their

text: Latin

text: allies

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: War

text: Rome

text: beat

text: the

text: Latins

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Vesuvius

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Trifanum

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: Latin

text: cities

text: were

text: obliged

text: to

text: submit

text: to

text: Roman

text: rule

question: What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: How many battles were conducted by Rome before they were forced to flee in The First Samnite War?

answer: two battles

text: two battles

question: What caused the Romans early withdrawl in The First Samnite War?

answer: revolt of several of their Latin allies

text: revolt of several of their Latin allies

question: When did The First Samnite War end?

answer: 341 BC

text: 341 BC

question: Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius?

answer: Latins

text: Latins


text: Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer. He was viewed as most likely to continue the Second Vatican Council, which already, without any tangible results, had lasted longer than anticipated by John XXIII, who had a vision but "did not have a clear agenda. His rhetoric seems to have had a note of over-optimism, a confidence in progress, which was characteristic of the 1960s." When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Unlike

text: the

text: papabile

text: cardinals

text: Giacomo

text: Lercaro

text: of

text: Bologna

text: and

text: Giuseppe

text: Siri

text: of

text: Genoa

text: he

text: was

text: not

text: identified

text: with

text: either

text: the

text: left

text: or

text: right

text: nor

text: was

text: he

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: radical

text: reformer

text: He

text: was

text: viewed

text: as

text: most

text: likely

text: to

text: continue

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: which

text: already

text: without

text: any

text: tangible

text: results

text: had

text: lasted

text: longer

text: than

text: anticipated

text: by

text: John

text: XXIII

text: who

text: had

text: a

text: vision

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: clear

text: agenda

text: His

text: rhetoric

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: note

text: of

text: over

text: optimism

text: a

text: confidence

text: in

text: progress

text: which

text: was

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: When

text: John

text: XXIII

text: died

text: of

text: stomach

text: cancer

text: on

text: June

text: it

text: triggered

text: a

text: conclave

text: to

text: elect

text: a

text: new

text: pope

question: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals?

answer: reformer

text: reformer

question: In what year did Pope John XXIII die?

answer: 1963

question: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of?

answer: pope

text: pope

question: What illness caused the death of Pope John XXIII

answer: stomach cancer

text: stomach cancer

question: What organization did the church expect Montini to continue?

answer: Second Vatican Council

text: Second Vatican Council


text: The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: The

text: southwest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: a

text: coastal

text: plain

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: primary

text: drainage

text: is

text: the

text: Kouilou

text: Niari

text: River

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: central

text: plateau

text: between

text: two

text: basins

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: north

text: Forests

text: are

text: under

text: increasing

text: exploitation

text: pressure

question: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?

answer: coastal plain

text: coastal plain

question: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?

answer: Kouilou-Niari River

text: Kouilou-Niari River

question: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?

answer: plateau

text: plateau

question: What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?

answer: Forests

text: Forests


text: The effective area or effective aperture of a receiving antenna expresses the portion of the power of a passing electromagnetic wave which it delivers to its terminals, expressed in terms of an equivalent area. For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m2 (10−12 watts per square meter) and an antenna has an effective area of 12 m2, then the antenna would deliver 12 pW of RF power to the receiver (30 microvolts rms at 75 ohms). Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all directions, the effective area is a function of the direction to the source.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: effective

text: area

text: or

text: effective

text: aperture

text: of

text: a

text: receiving

text: antenna

text: expresses

text: the

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: a

text: passing

text: electromagnetic

text: wave

text: which

text: it

text: delivers

text: to

text: its

text: terminals

text: expressed

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: an

text: equivalent

text: area

text: For

text: instance

text: if

text: a

text: radio

text: wave

text: passing

text: a

text: given

text: location

text: has

text: a

text: flux

text: of

text: pW

text: watts

text: per

text: square

text: meter

text: and

text: an

text: antenna

text: has

text: an

text: effective

text: area

text: of

text: then

text: the

text: antenna

text: would

text: deliver

text: pW

text: of

text: RF

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: receiver

text: microvolts

text: rms

text: at

text: ohms

text: Since

text: the

text: receiving

text: antenna

text: is

text: not

text: equally

text: sensitive

text: to

text: signals

text: received

text: from

text: all

text: directions

text: the

text: effective

text: area

text: is

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: direction

text: to

text: the

text: source

question: What is the portion of something that is reached by the radio transmission called?

answer: aperture

text: aperture

question: What effects the function of signals received by an antenna?

answer: direction

text: direction

question: What is a measure of the power of an antenna?

answer: microvolts

text: microvolts

question: How much power will be delivered to the reciever if the antenna has an effective area of 12 m/2?

answer: 12 pW of RF power

text: 12 pW of RF power


text: According to conservation of energy, energy can neither be created (produced) nor destroyed by itself. It can only be transformed. The total inflow of energy into a system must equal the total outflow of energy from the system, plus the change in the energy contained within the system. Energy is subject to a strict global conservation law; that is, whenever one measures (or calculates) the total energy of a system of particles whose interactions do not depend explicitly on time, it is found that the total energy of the system always remains constant.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: According

text: to

text: conservation

text: of

text: energy

text: energy

text: can

text: neither

text: be

text: created

text: produced

text: nor

text: destroyed

text: by

text: itself

text: It

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: transformed

text: The

text: total

text: inflow

text: of

text: energy

text: into

text: a

text: system

text: must

text: equal

text: the

text: total

text: outflow

text: of

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: system

text: plus

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: energy

text: contained

text: within

text: the

text: system

text: Energy

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: a

text: strict

text: global

text: conservation

text: law

text: that

text: is

text: whenever

text: one

text: measures

text: or

text: calculates

text: the

text: total

text: energy

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: particles

text: whose

text: interactions

text: do

text: not

text: depend

text: explicitly

text: on

text: time

text: it

text: is

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: always

text: remains

text: constant

question: According to what, energy can neither be created nor destroyed by itself?

answer: conservation of energy

text: conservation of energy

question: The total inflow of energy into a system must equal what?

answer: total outflow of energy from the system, plus the change in the energy contained within the system

text: total outflow of energy from the system, plus the change in the energy contained within the system

question: What can neither be created nor destroyed by itself; it can only be transformed?

answer: energy

text: energy


text: In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: In

text: Europe

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: accommodation

text: if

text: anything

text: that

text: now

text: distinguishes

text: inns

text: from

text: taverns

text: alehouses

text: and

text: pubs

text: The

text: latter

text: tend

text: to

text: provide

text: alcohol

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: soft

text: drinks

text: and

text: often

text: food

text: but

text: less

text: commonly

text: accommodation

text: Inns

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: older

text: and

text: grander

text: establishments

text: historically

text: they

text: provided

text: not

text: only

text: food

text: and

text: lodging

text: but

text: also

text: stabling

text: and

text: fodder

text: for

text: the

text: traveller

text: 's

text: horse(s

text: and

text: on

text: some

text: roads

text: fresh

text: horses

text: for

text: the

text: mail

text: coach

text: Famous

text: London

text: inns

text: include

text: The

text: George

text: Southwark

text: and

text: The

text: Tabard

text: There

text: is

text: however

text: no

text: longer

text: a

text: formal

text: distinction

text: between

text: an

text: inn

text: and

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: establishment

text: Many

text: pubs

text: use

text: Inn

text: in

text: their

text: name

text: either

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: long

text: established

text: former

text: coaching

text: inns

text: or

text: to

text: summon

text: up

text: a

text: particular

text: kind

text: of

text: image

text: or

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: simply

text: as

text: a

text: pun

text: on

text: the

text: word

text: in

text: as

text: in

text: The

text: Welcome

text: Inn

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: many

text: pubs

text: in

text: Scotland

question: What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not?

answer: accommodation

text: accommodation

question: In what nation's pubs is food often served?

answer: the UK

text: the UK

question: Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?

answer: The George

text: The George

question: In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?

answer: Scotland

text: Scotland

question: Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?

answer: horses

text: horses


text: The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: Period

text: started

text: at

text: a

text: major

text: extinction

text: event

text: called

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Ordovician

text: extinction

text: events

text: some

text: time

text: about

text: Ma

text: During

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: the

text: southern

text: continents

text: were

text: collected

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: continent

text: called

text: Gondwana

text: Gondwana

text: started

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: equatorial

text: latitudes

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: period

text: progressed

text: drifted

text: toward

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: Early

text: in

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: the

text: continents

text: Laurentia

text: Siberia

text: and

text: Baltica

text: were

text: still

text: independent

text: continents

text: since

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Pannotia

text: earlier

text: but

text: Baltica

text: began

text: to

text: move

text: toward

text: Laurentia

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: causing

text: the

text: Iapetus

text: Ocean

text: to

text: shrink

text: between

text: them

text: Also

text: Avalonia

text: broke

text: free

text: from

text: Gondwana

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: head

text: north

text: toward

text: Laurentia

text: The

text: Rheic

text: Ocean

text: was

text: formed

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: Gondwana

text: had

text: neared

text: or

text: approached

text: the

text: pole

text: and

text: was

text: largely

text: glaciated

question: How long ago did the Ordovician period begin?

answer: 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma.

text: 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma.

question: Which event precipitated the Ordovician period?

answer: the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction

text: the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction

question: What was the name of the large southernmost continent during the Ordovician?

answer: Gondwana

text: Gondwana

question: Which ocean decreased in size with the movement of Baltica in the Ordovician?

answer: Iapetus Ocean

text: Iapetus Ocean

question: What continent fractured off Gondwana in the direction of Laurentia?

answer: Avalonia

text: Avalonia


text: By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: saloon

text: or

text: lounge

text: bar

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: middle

text: class

text: room[citation

text: needed]—carpets

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: cushions

text: on

text: the

text: seats

text: and

text: a

text: penny

text: or

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: prices,[citation

text: needed

text: while

text: the

text: public

text: bar

text: or

text: tap

text: room

text: remained

text: working

text: class

text: with

text: bare

text: boards

text: sometimes

text: with

text: sawdust

text: to

text: absorb

text: the

text: spitting

text: and

text: spillages

text: known

text: as

text: spit

text: and

text: sawdust

text: hard

text: bench

text: seats

text: and

text: cheap

text: beer[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: bar

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: four

text: ale

text: bar

text: from

text: the

text: days

text: when

text: the

text: cheapest

text: beer

text: served

text: there

text: cost

text: pence

text: a

text: quart.[citation

text: needed

question: What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century?

answer: middle-class

text: middle-class

question: What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room?

answer: working class

text: working class

question: In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar?

answer: 4

question: What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called?

answer: spit and sawdust

text: spit and sawdust

question: What is another name for the lounge bar?

answer: saloon

text: saloon


text: The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: total

text: area

text: is

text: square

text: miles

text: sq

text: mi

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: water

text: and

text: sq

text: mi

text: is

text: land

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: Todt

text: Hill

text: on

text: Staten

text: Island

text: which

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Seaboard

text: south

text: of

text: Maine

text: The

text: summit

text: of

text: the

text: ridge

text: is

text: mostly

text: covered

text: in

text: woodlands

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Staten

text: Island

text: Greenbelt

question: What is the total area of New York City in square miles?

answer: 468.9

question: In square miles, how much of the city's total area is composed of water?

answer: 164.1

question: In square miles, how much of the city's total area is land?

answer: 304.8

question: What is the name of New York City's highest point?

answer: Todt Hill

text: Todt Hill

question: On what island is New York City's highest point located?

answer: Staten Island

text: Staten Island

question: How many square miles in NYC?

answer: 468.9

question: How many square miles are water in NYC?

answer: 164.1

question: How many square miles are land in NYC?

answer: 304.8

question: The highest peak in the city is what location?

answer: Todt Hill

text: Todt Hill

question: How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil?

answer: 409.8


text: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannon. This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Unveiled

text: in

text: Royal

text: Arsenal

text: 's

text: first

text: crest

text: featured

text: three

text: cannon

text: viewed

text: from

text: above

text: pointing

text: northwards

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Borough

text: of

text: Woolwich

text: nowadays

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Greenwich

text: These

text: can

text: sometimes

text: be

text: mistaken

text: for

text: chimneys

text: but

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: carved

text: lion

text: 's

text: head

text: and

text: a

text: cascabel

text: on

text: each

text: are

text: clear

text: indicators

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: cannon

text: This

text: was

text: dropped

text: after

text: the

text: move

text: to

text: Highbury

text: in

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: reinstated

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: club

text: adopted

text: a

text: crest

text: featuring

text: a

text: single

text: cannon

text: pointing

text: eastwards

text: with

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: nickname

text: The

text: Gunners

text: inscribed

text: alongside

text: it

text: this

text: crest

text: only

text: lasted

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: cannon

text: was

text: reversed

text: to

text: point

text: westward

text: and

text: its

text: barrel

text: slimmed

text: down

question: In what year did Arsenal first create a crest for the team?

answer: 1888

question: What part of the Arsenal crest is sometimes mistaken for chimneys?

answer: three cannon

text: three cannon

question: After the team moved to what city were the cannon left off the crest?

answer: Highbury

text: Highbury

question: What nickname prompted a return to the canon on the club crest?

answer: The Gunners

text: The Gunners

question: In what year was the canon image further refined on the Arsenal crest?

answer: 1925


text: In ring-porous species, such as ash, black locust, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, and oak, the larger vessels or pores (as cross sections of vessels are called) are localised in the part of the growth ring formed in spring, thus forming a region of more or less open and porous tissue. The rest of the ring, produced in summer, is made up of smaller vessels and a much greater proportion of wood fibers. These fibers are the elements which give strength and toughness to wood, while the vessels are a source of weakness.[citation needed]

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: ring

text: porous

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: ash

text: black

text: locust

text: catalpa

text: chestnut

text: elm

text: hickory

text: mulberry

text: and

text: oak

text: the

text: larger

text: vessels

text: or

text: pores

text: as

text: cross

text: sections

text: of

text: vessels

text: are

text: called

text: are

text: localised

text: in

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: ring

text: formed

text: in

text: spring

text: thus

text: forming

text: a

text: region

text: of

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: open

text: and

text: porous

text: tissue

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: produced

text: in

text: summer

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: smaller

text: vessels

text: and

text: a

text: much

text: greater

text: proportion

text: of

text: wood

text: fibers

text: These

text: fibers

text: are

text: the

text: elements

text: which

text: give

text: strength

text: and

text: toughness

text: to

text: wood

text: while

text: the

text: vessels

text: are

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: weakness.[citation

text: needed

question: What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees?

answer: ring-porous

text: ring-porous

question: In what season do the growth-rings of ring-porous species form with larger vessels localized?

answer: spring

text: spring

question: In what season does the part of the growth-ring with smaller vessels form in ring-porous species?

answer: summer

text: summer

question: What fibers does the summer's section of growth-ring have more of?

answer: wood fibers

text: wood fibers

question: Along with strength, what property do wood fibers lend to wood?

answer: toughness

text: toughness


text: St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati. In Australia, the Sydney private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: St

text: James

text: Junior

text: School

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: offers

text: Sanskrit

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: curriculum

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: since

text: September

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: have

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: receive

text: credits

text: as

text: Independent

text: Study

text: or

text: toward

text: Foreign

text: Language

text: requirements

text: by

text: studying

text: Sanskrit

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: SAFL

text: Samskritam

text: as

text: a

text: Foreign

text: Language

text: program

text: coordinated

text: by

text: Samskrita

text: Bharati

text: In

text: Australia

text: the

text: Sydney

text: private

text: boys

text: high

text: school

text: Sydney

text: Grammar

text: School

text: offers

text: Sanskrit

text: from

text: years

text: through

text: to

text: including

text: for

text: the

text: Higher

text: School

text: Certificate

question: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study?

answer: St James Junior School

text: St James Junior School

question: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.?

answer: September 2009

text: September 2009

question: What is the credit towards in study in the U.S.?

answer: Foreign Language

text: Foreign Language

question: Who coordinates the study program of Samskritam as a Foreign Language?

answer: Samskrita Bharati.

text: Samskrita Bharati.

question: What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study?

answer: Sydney Grammar School

text: Sydney Grammar School


text: One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city. Various universities and other organizations, including British Telecom's Martlesham facility, have also conducted extensive research on signing via videotelephony. The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines, coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines. Those factors largely disappeared with the introduction of more efficient video codecs and the advent of lower cost high-speed ISDN data and IP (Internet) services in the 1990s.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: demonstrations

text: of

text: the

text: ability

text: for

text: telecommunications

text: to

text: help

text: sign

text: language

text: users

text: communicate

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: occurred

text: when

text: AT&T

text: 's

text: videophone

text: trademarked

text: as

text: the

text: Picturephone

text: was

text: introduced

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: at

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: World

text: 's

text: Fair

text: –two

text: deaf

text: users

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: communicate

text: freely

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: between

text: the

text: fair

text: and

text: another

text: city

text: Various

text: universities

text: and

text: other

text: organizations

text: including

text: British

text: Telecom

text: 's

text: Martlesham

text: facility

text: have

text: also

text: conducted

text: extensive

text: research

text: on

text: signing

text: via

text: videotelephony

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: sign

text: language

text: via

text: videotelephony

text: was

text: hampered

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: its

text: use

text: over

text: slow

text: analogue

text: copper

text: phone

text: lines

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: high

text: cost

text: of

text: better

text: quality

text: ISDN

text: data

text: phone

text: lines

text: Those

text: factors

text: largely

text: disappeared

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: more

text: efficient

text: video

text: codecs

text: and

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: lower

text: cost

text: high

text: speed

text: ISDN

text: data

text: and

text: IP

text: Internet

text: services

text: in

text: the

question: What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?

answer: AT&T

text: AT&T

question: What was the name of AT&T's videophone device?

answer: Picturephone

text: Picturephone

question: In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?

answer: 1964

question: Where was AT&T's "Picturephone" device unveiled?

answer: 1964 New York World's Fair

text: 1964 New York World's Fair

question: In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?

answer: 1990s


text: Guinea-Bissau is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Latin Union, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, La Francophonie and the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: African

text: Union

text: Economic

text: Community

text: of

text: West

text: African

text: States

text: Organisation

text: of

text: Islamic

text: Cooperation

text: the

text: Latin

text: Union

text: Community

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: Language

text: Countries

text: La

text: Francophonie

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Peace

text: and

text: Cooperation

text: Zone

question: What Islamic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?

answer: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

text: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

question: What Portuguese organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?

answer: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

question: What West African organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?

answer: Economic Community of West African States

text: Economic Community of West African States

question: What South Atlantic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?

answer: South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

text: South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

question: What Latin organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?

answer: the Latin Union

text: the Latin Union


text: Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: 's

text: father

text: grandfather

text: and

text: brother

text: had

text: all

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: work

text: on

text: elocution

text: and

text: speech

text: and

text: both

text: his

text: mother

text: and

text: wife

text: were

text: deaf

text: profoundly

text: influencing

text: Bell

text: 's

text: life

text: 's

text: work

text: His

text: research

text: on

text: hearing

text: and

text: speech

text: further

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: experiment

text: with

text: hearing

text: devices

text: which

text: eventually

text: culminated

text: in

text: Bell

text: being

text: awarded

text: the

text: first

text: U.S.

text: patent

text: for

text: the

text: telephone

text: in

text: Bell

text: considered

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: invention

text: an

text: intrusion

text: on

text: his

text: real

text: work

text: as

text: a

text: scientist

text: and

text: refused

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: telephone

text: in

text: his

text: study.[N

question: What were his relatives known for working on?

answer: elocution and speech

text: elocution and speech

question: What was interesting about his mother and wife?

answer: deaf

text: deaf

question: What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone?

answer: 1876

question: In what country did Bell patent his telephone?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What did Bell never put in his study?

answer: telephone

text: telephone


text: John's illness grew worse and by the time he reached Newark Castle he was unable to travel any farther; John died on the night of 18 October. Numerous – probably fictitious – accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches". His body was escorted south by a company of mercenaries and he was buried in Worcester Cathedral in front of the altar of St Wulfstan. A new sarcophagus with an effigy was made for him in 1232, in which his remains now rest.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: 's

text: illness

text: grew

text: worse

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: reached

text: Newark

text: Castle

text: he

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: travel

text: any

text: farther

text: John

text: died

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: October

text: Numerous

text: probably

text: fictitious

text: accounts

text: circulated

text: soon

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: by

text: poisoned

text: ale

text: poisoned

text: plums

text: or

text: a

text: surfeit

text: of

text: peaches

text: His

text: body

text: was

text: escorted

text: south

text: by

text: a

text: company

text: of

text: mercenaries

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: buried

text: in

text: Worcester

text: Cathedral

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: altar

text: of

text: St

text: Wulfstan

text: A

text: new

text: sarcophagus

text: with

text: an

text: effigy

text: was

text: made

text: for

text: him

text: in

text: in

text: which

text: his

text: remains

text: now

text: rest

question: When did John die?

answer: 18 October

text: 18 October

question: When was a new sarcophagus made for him?

answer: 1232

question: Where was John buried?

answer: Worcester Cathedral

text: Worcester Cathedral


text: After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: After

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: began

text: Governor

text: Zebulon

text: Baird

text: Vance

text: ordered

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: breastworks

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: protection

text: from

text: Union

text: troops

text: During

text: General

text: Sherman

text: 's

text: Carolinas

text: Campaign

text: Raleigh

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: Union

text: cavalry

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: General

text: Hugh

text: Judson

text: Kilpatrick

text: on

text: April

text: As

text: the

text: Confederate

text: cavalry

text: retreated

text: west

text: the

text: Union

text: soldiers

text: followed

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: nearby

text: Battle

text: of

text: Morrisville

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: spared

text: significant

text: destruction

text: during

text: the

text: War

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: economic

text: problems

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: period

text: and

text: Reconstruction

text: with

text: a

text: state

text: economy

text: based

text: on

text: agriculture

text: it

text: grew

text: little

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: several

text: decades

question: Who was the governor during the Civil War?

answer: Zebulon Baird Vance

text: Zebulon Baird Vance

question: What did the governor order constructed?

answer: breastworks

text: breastworks

question: What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War?

answer: Union cavalry

text: Union cavalry

question: Who led the cavalry in the capture?

answer: Hugh Judson Kilpatrick

text: Hugh Judson Kilpatrick

question: Why did the city not grow during the Civil War?

answer: a state economy based on agriculture,

text: a state economy based on agriculture,


text: Unlike the heavier guns, these smaller weapons are in widespread use due to their low cost and ability to quickly follow the target. Classic examples of autocannons and large caliber guns are the 40 mm autocannon and the 8.8 cm FlaK 18, 36 gun, both designed by Bofors of Sweden. Artillery weapons of this sort have for the most part been superseded by the effective surface-to-air missile systems that were introduced in the 1950s, although they were still retained by many nations. The development of surface-to-air missiles began in Nazi Germany during the late World War II with missiles such as the Wasserfall, though no working system was deployed before the war's end, and represented new attempts to increase effectiveness of the anti-aircraft systems faced with growing threat from [bomber]s. Land-based SAMs can be deployed from fixed installations or mobile launchers, either wheeled or tracked. The tracked vehicles are usually armoured vehicles specifically designed to carry SAMs.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Unlike

text: the

text: heavier

text: guns

text: these

text: smaller

text: weapons

text: are

text: in

text: widespread

text: use

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: low

text: cost

text: and

text: ability

text: to

text: quickly

text: follow

text: the

text: target

text: Classic

text: examples

text: of

text: autocannons

text: and

text: large

text: caliber

text: guns

text: are

text: the

text: mm

text: autocannon

text: and

text: the

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: gun

text: both

text: designed

text: by

text: Bofors

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Artillery

text: weapons

text: of

text: this

text: sort

text: have

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: been

text: superseded

text: by

text: the

text: effective

text: surface

text: to

text: air

text: missile

text: systems

text: that

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: the

text: although

text: they

text: were

text: still

text: retained

text: by

text: many

text: nations

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: surface

text: to

text: air

text: missiles

text: began

text: in

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: with

text: missiles

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Wasserfall

text: though

text: no

text: working

text: system

text: was

text: deployed

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: 's

text: end

text: and

text: represented

text: new

text: attempts

text: to

text: increase

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: the

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: systems

text: faced

text: with

text: growing

text: threat

text: from

text: bomber]s

text: Land

text: based

text: SAMs

text: can

text: be

text: deployed

text: from

text: fixed

text: installations

text: or

text: mobile

text: launchers

text: either

text: wheeled

text: or

text: tracked

text: The

text: tracked

text: vehicles

text: are

text: usually

text: armoured

text: vehicles

text: specifically

text: designed

text: to

text: carry

text: SAMs

question: Smaller weapons are able to be used because of their low cost as well as what other factor?

answer: ability to quickly follow the target

text: ability to quickly follow the target

question: Who designed the 40 mm autocannon?

answer: Bofors of Sweden

text: Bofors of Sweden

question: When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced?

answer: 1950s

question: Where were surface-to-air missiles first developed?

answer: in Nazi Germany

text: in Nazi Germany

question: How can land-based SAMs be deployed?

answer: from fixed installations or mobile launchers

text: from fixed installations or mobile launchers


text: Research in the field of nutrition has greatly contributed in finding out the essential facts about how environmental depletion can lead to crucial nutrition-related health problems like contamination, spread of contagious diseases, malnutrition, etc. Moreover, environmental contamination due to discharge of agricultural as well as industrial chemicals like organocholrines, heavy metal, and radionucleotides may adversely affect the human and the ecosystem as a whole. As far as safety of the human health is concerned, then these environmental contaminants can reduce people's nutritional status and health. This could directly or indirectly cause drastic changes in their diet habits. Hence, food-based remedial as well as preventive strategies are essential to address global issues like hunger and malnutrition and to enable the susceptible people to adapt themselves to all these environmental as well as socio-economic alterations.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Research

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: nutrition

text: has

text: greatly

text: contributed

text: in

text: finding

text: out

text: the

text: essential

text: facts

text: about

text: how

text: environmental

text: depletion

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: crucial

text: nutrition

text: related

text: health

text: problems

text: like

text: contamination

text: spread

text: of

text: contagious

text: diseases

text: malnutrition

text: etc

text: Moreover

text: environmental

text: contamination

text: due

text: to

text: discharge

text: of

text: agricultural

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: industrial

text: chemicals

text: like

text: organocholrines

text: heavy

text: metal

text: and

text: radionucleotides

text: may

text: adversely

text: affect

text: the

text: human

text: and

text: the

text: ecosystem

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: As

text: far

text: as

text: safety

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: health

text: is

text: concerned

text: then

text: these

text: environmental

text: contaminants

text: can

text: reduce

text: people

text: 's

text: nutritional

text: status

text: and

text: health

text: This

text: could

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: cause

text: drastic

text: changes

text: in

text: their

text: diet

text: habits

text: Hence

text: food

text: based

text: remedial

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: preventive

text: strategies

text: are

text: essential

text: to

text: address

text: global

text: issues

text: like

text: hunger

text: and

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: to

text: enable

text: the

text: susceptible

text: people

text: to

text: adapt

text: themselves

text: to

text: all

text: these

text: environmental

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: socio

text: economic

text: alterations

question: What can environmental depletion lead to?

answer: crucial nutrition-related health problems

text: crucial nutrition-related health problems

question: Other than malnutrition and a spread of disease, what is an example of a health problem that arose due to environmental depletion?

answer: contamination

text: contamination

question: Other than industrial chemicals, what other industry discharges chemicals that can contaminate the environment?

answer: agricultural

text: agricultural

question: The release and contamination of the environment affects what important system other than the human race?

answer: the ecosystem

text: the ecosystem

question: If people's nutritional status and health changes, what could this affect in their daily routine?

answer: diet habits

text: diet habits


text: Parts of what is now Rajasthan were part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization,. It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans, who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. Matsya, a state of the Vedic civilisation of India, is said to roughly corresponded to the former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder king Virata.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: Parts

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Rajasthan

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: Civilization

text: Kalibangan

text: in

text: Hanumangarh

text: district

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: Civilization

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: Western

text: Kshatrapas

text: BC

text: were

text: Saka

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: India

text: Saurashtra

text: and

text: Malwa

text: modern

text: Gujarat

text: Southern

text: Sindh

text: Maharashtra

text: Rajasthan

text: They

text: were

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: Indo

text: Scythians

text: and

text: were

text: contemporaneous

text: with

text: the

text: Kushans

text: who

text: ruled

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: The

text: Indo

text: Scythians

text: invaded

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Ujjain

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Saka

text: era

text: with

text: their

text: calendar

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: lived

text: Saka

text: Western

text: Satraps

text: state

text: Matsya

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Vedic

text: civilisation

text: of

text: India

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: roughly

text: corresponded

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: state

text: of

text: Jaipur

text: in

text: Rajasthan

text: and

text: included

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Alwar

text: with

text: portions

text: of

text: Bharatpur

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Matsya

text: was

text: at

text: Viratanagar

text: modern

text: Bairat

text: which

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: founder

text: king

text: Virata

question: Some portions of Rajasthan were involved with what ancient civilization?

answer: the Indus Valley Civilization

text: the Indus Valley Civilization

question: In what Indus Valley Civilization district was Kalibangan within?

answer: Hanumangarh district

text: Hanumangarh district

question: What were the Saka Rulers of Western India believed to be called?

answer: Western Kshatrapas

text: Western Kshatrapas

question: Over what time period were the Western Kshatrapas in power?

answer: 405–35 BC

text: 405–35 BC

question: The Kushans ruled what part of the Indian subcontinent?

answer: the northern part

text: the northern part


text: In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: constituted

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: population

text: peaked

text: at

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: million

text: residents

text: in

text: then

text: began

text: to

text: decline

text: with

text: the

text: restructuring

text: of

text: industry

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: many

text: middle

text: class

text: union

text: jobs

text: In

text: addition

text: suburbanization

text: had

text: been

text: drawing

text: off

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: wealthier

text: residents

text: to

text: outlying

text: railroad

text: commuting

text: towns

text: and

text: newer

text: housing

text: Revitalization

text: and

text: gentrification

text: of

text: neighborhoods

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: continues

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: Center

text: City

text: and

text: University

text: City

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: After

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: businesses

text: left

text: Philadelphia

text: or

text: shut

text: down

text: the

text: city

text: started

text: attracting

text: service

text: businesses

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: more

text: aggressively

text: market

text: itself

text: as

text: a

text: tourist

text: destination

text: Glass

text: and

text: granite

text: skyscrapers

text: were

text: built

text: in

text: Center

text: City

text: Historic

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Independence

text: National

text: Historical

text: Park

text: located

text: in

text: Old

text: City

text: and

text: Society

text: Hill

text: were

text: renovated

text: during

text: the

text: reformist

text: mayoral

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: through

text: the

text: They

text: are

text: now

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: desirable

text: living

text: areas

text: of

text: Center

text: City

text: This

text: has

text: slowed

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: decline

text: after

text: it

text: lost

text: nearly

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: its

text: population

question: When was the peak of Philadelphia's population?

answer: 1950

question: Why did the population decline after this time?

answer: the loss of many middle-class union jobs

text: the loss of many middle-class union jobs

question: What is the main driver of the economy now?

answer: service businesses

text: service businesses

question: How much of the population left after 1950?

answer: one-quarter

text: one-quarter

question: What is another large industry?

answer: a tourist destination

text: a tourist destination


text: Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: foundation

text: has

text: decided

text: not

text: to

text: fund

text: abortion

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: questions

text: about

text: this

text: decision

text: Gates

text: stated

text: in

text: a

text: June

text: blog

text: post

text: that

text: she

text: struggle[s

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: emotional

text: and

text: personal

text: debate

text: about

text: abortion

text: is

text: threatening

text: to

text: get

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: lifesaving

text: consensus

text: regarding

text: basic

text: family

text: planning

text: Up

text: to

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: provided

text: million

text: to

text: Planned

text: Parenthood

text: the

text: primary

text: U.S.

text: abortion

text: provider

text: and

text: affiliated

text: organizations

question: What did the foundation decide not to fund

answer: has decided not to fund abortion"

text: has decided not to fund abortion"

question: WHy did they decide not to fund abortion

answer: the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning

text: the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning

question: Before 2013 the foundation gave how how much to planned parenthood

answer: Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood

text: Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood


text: In 1906, precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm. Precipitation hardening alloys, such as certain alloys of aluminium, titanium, and copper, are heat-treatable alloys that soften when quenched (cooled quickly), and then harden over time. After quenching a ternary alloy of aluminium, copper, and magnesium, Wilm discovered that the alloy increased in hardness when left to age at room temperature. Although an explanation for the phenomenon was not provided until 1919, duralumin was one of the first "age hardening" alloys to be used, and was soon followed by many others. Because they often exhibit a combination of high strength and low weight, these alloys became widely used in many forms of industry, including the construction of modern aircraft.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: In

text: precipitation

text: hardening

text: alloys

text: were

text: discovered

text: by

text: Alfred

text: Wilm

text: Precipitation

text: hardening

text: alloys

text: such

text: as

text: certain

text: alloys

text: of

text: aluminium

text: titanium

text: and

text: copper

text: are

text: heat

text: treatable

text: alloys

text: that

text: soften

text: when

text: quenched

text: cooled

text: quickly

text: and

text: then

text: harden

text: over

text: time

text: After

text: quenching

text: a

text: ternary

text: alloy

text: of

text: aluminium

text: copper

text: and

text: magnesium

text: Wilm

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: alloy

text: increased

text: in

text: hardness

text: when

text: left

text: to

text: age

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: Although

text: an

text: explanation

text: for

text: the

text: phenomenon

text: was

text: not

text: provided

text: until

text: duralumin

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: age

text: hardening

text: alloys

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: and

text: was

text: soon

text: followed

text: by

text: many

text: others

text: Because

text: they

text: often

text: exhibit

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: high

text: strength

text: and

text: low

text: weight

text: these

text: alloys

text: became

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: forms

text: of

text: industry

text: including

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: modern

text: aircraft

question: Who discovered precipitation hardening alloys?

answer: Alfred Wilm

text: Alfred Wilm

question: When were precipitation hardening alloys discovered?

answer: 1906

question: What happens to precipitation hardening alloys after they quenched?

answer: harden over time

text: harden over time

question: One of the first "age hardening" alloys used were called?

answer: duralumin

text: duralumin

question: What was used in the construction of modern aircraft?

answer: duralumin

text: duralumin