text: The '98 season would begin on a somber note with the death of legendary broadcaster Harry Caray. After the retirement of Sandberg and the trade of Dunston, the Cubs had holes to fill and the signing of Henry Rodríguez, known affectionately as "H-Rod" to bat cleanup provided protection for Sammy Sosa in the lineup, as Rodriguez slugged 31 round-trippers in his first season in Chicago. Kevin Tapani led the club with a career high 19 wins, Rod Beck anchored a strong bullpen and Mark Grace turned in one of his best seasons. The Cubs were swamped by media attention in 1998, and the team's two biggest headliners were Sosa and rookie flamethrower Kerry Wood. Wood's signature performance was one-hitting the Houston Astros, a game in which he tied the major league record of 20 strikeouts in nine innings. His torrid strikeout numbers earned Wood the nickname "Kid K," and ultimately earned him the 1998 NL Rookie of the Year award. Sosa caught fire in June, hitting a major league record 20 home runs in the month, and his home run race with Cardinals slugger Mark McGwire transformed the pair into international superstars in a matter of weeks. McGwire finished the season with a new major league record of 70 home runs, but Sosa's .308 average and 66 homers earned him the National League MVP Award. After a down-to-the-wire Wild Card chase with the San Francisco Giants, Chicago and San Francisco ended the regular season tied, and thus squared off in a one-game playoff at Wrigley Field in which third baseman Gary Gaetti hit the eventual game winning homer. The win propelled the Cubs into the postseason once again with a 90–73 regular season tally. Unfortunately, the bats went cold in October, as manager Jim Riggleman's club batted .183 and scored only four runs en route to being swept by Atlanta. On a positive note, the home run chase between Sosa, McGwire and Ken Griffey, Jr. helped professional baseball to bring in a new crop of fans as well as bringing back some fans who had been disillusioned by the 1994 strike. The Cubs retained many players who experienced career years in '98, and after a fast start in 1999, they collapsed again (starting with being swept at the hands of the cross-town White Sox in mid-June) and finished in the bottom of the division for the next two seasons.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: season

text: would

text: begin

text: on

text: a

text: somber

text: note

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: legendary

text: broadcaster

text: Harry

text: Caray

text: After

text: the

text: retirement

text: of

text: Sandberg

text: and

text: the

text: trade

text: of

text: Dunston

text: the

text: Cubs

text: had

text: holes

text: to

text: fill

text: and

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: Henry

text: Rodríguez

text: known

text: affectionately

text: as

text: H

text: Rod

text: to

text: bat

text: cleanup

text: provided

text: protection

text: for

text: Sammy

text: Sosa

text: in

text: the

text: lineup

text: as

text: Rodriguez

text: slugged

text: round

text: trippers

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: season

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Kevin

text: Tapani

text: led

text: the

text: club

text: with

text: a

text: career

text: high

text: wins

text: Rod

text: Beck

text: anchored

text: a

text: strong

text: bullpen

text: and

text: Mark

text: Grace

text: turned

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: best

text: seasons

text: The

text: Cubs

text: were

text: swamped

text: by

text: media

text: attention

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: two

text: biggest

text: headliners

text: were

text: Sosa

text: and

text: rookie

text: flamethrower

text: Kerry

text: Wood

text: Wood

text: 's

text: signature

text: performance

text: was

text: one

text: hitting

text: the

text: Houston

text: Astros

text: a

text: game

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: tied

text: the

text: major

text: league

text: record

text: of

text: strikeouts

text: in

text: nine

text: innings

text: His

text: torrid

text: strikeout

text: numbers

text: earned

text: Wood

text: the

text: nickname

text: Kid

text: K

text: and

text: ultimately

text: earned

text: him

text: the

text: NL

text: Rookie

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: award

text: Sosa

text: caught

text: fire

text: in

text: June

text: hitting

text: a

text: major

text: league

text: record

text: home

text: runs

text: in

text: the

text: month

text: and

text: his

text: home

text: run

text: race

text: with

text: Cardinals

text: slugger

text: Mark

text: McGwire

text: transformed

text: the

text: pair

text: into

text: international

text: superstars

text: in

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: weeks

text: McGwire

text: finished

text: the

text: season

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: major

text: league

text: record

text: of

text: home

text: runs

text: but

text: Sosa

text: 's

text: average

text: and

text: homers

text: earned

text: him

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: MVP

text: Award

text: After

text: a

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: wire

text: Wild

text: Card

text: chase

text: with

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Giants

text: Chicago

text: and

text: San

text: Francisco

text: ended

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: tied

text: and

text: thus

text: squared

text: off

text: in

text: a

text: one

text: game

text: playoff

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: in

text: which

text: third

text: baseman

text: Gary

text: Gaetti

text: hit

text: the

text: eventual

text: game

text: winning

text: homer

text: The

text: win

text: propelled

text: the

text: Cubs

text: into

text: the

text: postseason

text: once

text: again

text: with

text: a

text: regular

text: season

text: tally

text: Unfortunately

text: the

text: bats

text: went

text: cold

text: in

text: October

text: as

text: manager

text: Jim

text: Riggleman

text: 's

text: club

text: batted

text: and

text: scored

text: only

text: four

text: runs

text: en

text: route

text: to

text: being

text: swept

text: by

text: Atlanta

text: On

text: a

text: positive

text: note

text: the

text: home

text: run

text: chase

text: between

text: Sosa

text: McGwire

text: and

text: Ken

text: Griffey

text: Jr.

text: helped

text: professional

text: baseball

text: to

text: bring

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: crop

text: of

text: fans

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: bringing

text: back

text: some

text: fans

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: disillusioned

text: by

text: the

text: strike

text: The

text: Cubs

text: retained

text: many

text: players

text: who

text: experienced

text: career

text: years

text: in

text: and

text: after

text: a

text: fast

text: start

text: in

text: they

text: collapsed

text: again

text: starting

text: with

text: being

text: swept

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: cross

text: town

text: White

text: Sox

text: in

text: mid

text: June

text: and

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: division

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: seasons

question: What legendary broadcaster died in the '98 season?

answer: Harry Caray

text: Harry Caray

question: Who was affectionately known as "H-Rod"?

answer: Henry Rodríguez

text: Henry Rodríguez

question: How many round-trippers did Rodriguez slug in his first season in Chicago?

answer: 31


text: Between Second and Third Avenues, 21st Street is alternatively known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way. Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Between

text: Second

text: and

text: Third

text: Avenues

text: Street

text: is

text: alternatively

text: known

text: as

text: Police

text: Officer

text: Anthony

text: Sanchez

text: Way

text: Along

text: the

text: northern

text: perimeter

text: of

text: Gramercy

text: Park

text: between

text: Gramercy

text: Park

text: East

text: and

text: Gramercy

text: Park

text: West

text: Street

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Gramercy

text: Park

text: North

question: Which Street is also known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way?

answer: 21st Street

text: 21st Street

question: What is 21st Street known as along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park?

answer: Gramercy Park North

text: Gramercy Park North

question: Between what avenues is 21st Street known by Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way?

answer: Second and Third Avenues

text: Second and Third Avenues

question: Which police officer does a section of 21st Street refer to?

answer: Anthony Sanchez

text: Anthony Sanchez


text: Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130 AD. After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), the western half became independent under the name of "Hesse", never to become a part of Thuringia again. Most of the remaining Thuringia came under the rule of the Wettin dynasty of the nearby Margraviate of Meissen, the nucleus of the later Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony. With the division of the house of Wettin in 1485, Thuringia went to the senior Ernestine branch of the family, which subsequently subdivided the area into a number of smaller states, according to the Saxon tradition of dividing inheritance amongst male heirs. These were the "Saxon duchies", consisting, among others, of the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha; Thuringia became merely a geographical concept.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: Thuringia

text: became

text: a

text: landgraviate

text: in

text: AD

text: After

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: reigning

text: Ludowingian

text: line

text: of

text: counts

text: and

text: landgraves

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: Succession

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: became

text: independent

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Hesse

text: never

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: again

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: remaining

text: Thuringia

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Wettin

text: dynasty

text: of

text: the

text: nearby

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Meissen

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: Electorate

text: and

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saxony

text: With

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: of

text: Wettin

text: in

text: Thuringia

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: senior

text: Ernestine

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: which

text: subsequently

text: subdivided

text: the

text: area

text: into

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: smaller

text: states

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Saxon

text: tradition

text: of

text: dividing

text: inheritance

text: amongst

text: male

text: heirs

text: These

text: were

text: the

text: Saxon

text: duchies

text: consisting

text: among

text: others

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Saxe

text: Weimar

text: Saxe

text: Eisenach

text: Saxe

text: Jena

text: Saxe

text: Meiningen

text: Saxe

text: Altenburg

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: and

text: Saxe

text: Gotha

text: Thuringia

text: became

text: merely

text: a

text: geographical

text: concept

question: When did Thuringia become a landgraviate?

answer: in 1130 AD

text: in 1130 AD

question: Which years were the War of the Thuringian Succession fought?

answer: 1247–1264

question: When did the western half of the state become Hesse?

answer: 1247

question: Where was the Wettin dynasty from?

answer: Margraviate of Meissen

text: Margraviate of Meissen

question: Who did the Saxon Duchies consist of?

answer: the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha

text: the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha


text: Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization. An estimated 1.9 percent of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 85–91 percent of Mali's girls and women have had female genital mutilation (2006 and 2001 data).

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Medical

text: facilities

text: in

text: Mali

text: are

text: very

text: limited

text: and

text: medicines

text: are

text: in

text: short

text: supply

text: Malaria

text: and

text: other

text: arthropod

text: borne

text: diseases

text: are

text: prevalent

text: in

text: Mali

text: as

text: are

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: cholera

text: and

text: tuberculosis

text: Mali

text: 's

text: population

text: also

text: suffers

text: from

text: a

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: child

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: a

text: low

text: rate

text: of

text: immunization

text: An

text: estimated

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: adult

text: and

text: children

text: population

text: was

text: afflicted

text: with

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: that

text: year

text: among

text: the

text: lowest

text: rates

text: in

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: An

text: estimated

text: percent

text: of

text: Mali

text: 's

text: girls

text: and

text: women

text: have

text: had

text: female

text: genital

text: mutilation

text: and

text: data

question: What are the two main prevalent infectious diseases of Mali?

answer: cholera and tuberculosis

text: cholera and tuberculosis

question: what arthropod born disease has plagued the nation?

answer: Malaria

text: Malaria

question: According to the data from 2001 to 2006 what percent of female genitalia are mutilated?

answer: 85–91

question: What Sexually transmitted disease afflicts roughly 1.9 percent of the population?

answer: HIV/AIDS

text: HIV/AIDS

question: Malians suffer from malnutrition and low rates of what type of medical need?

answer: immunization

text: immunization


text: Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Marine

text: Biological

text: Association

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: MBA

text: which

text: conducts

text: research

text: in

text: all

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: marine

text: sciences

text: The

text: Plymouth

text: Marine

text: Laboratory

text: is

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: the

text: MBA

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: National

text: Marine

text: Aquarium

text: the

text: Sir

text: Alister

text: Hardy

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Ocean

text: Sciences

text: Plymouth

text: University

text: 's

text: Marine

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: Diving

text: Diseases

text: Research

text: Centre

text: these

text: marine

text: related

text: organisations

text: form

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Marine

text: Sciences

text: Partnership

text: The

text: Plymouth

text: Marine

text: Laboratory

text: which

text: focuses

text: on

text: global

text: issues

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: sustainability

text: It

text: monitors

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: ocean

text: acidity

text: on

text: corals

text: and

text: shellfish

text: and

text: reports

text: the

text: results

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: It

text: also

text: cultivates

text: algae

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: biofuels

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: waste

text: water

text: by

text: using

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: photo

text: bioreactors

text: It

text: works

text: alongside

text: the

text: Boots

text: Group

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: algae

text: in

text: skin

text: care

text: protects

text: taking

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: chemicals

text: they

text: contain

text: that

text: adapt

text: to

text: protect

text: themselves

text: from

text: the

text: sun

question: What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?

answer: Marine Biological Association

text: Marine Biological Association

question: What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?

answer: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences

text: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences

question: What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?

answer: Marine Institute

text: Marine Institute

question: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?

answer: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership

text: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership

question: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?

answer: National Marine Aquarium

text: National Marine Aquarium


text: The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: chapter

text: house

text: was

text: built

text: concurrently

text: with

text: the

text: east

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: abbey

text: under

text: Henry

text: III

text: between

text: about

text: and

text: It

text: was

text: restored

text: by

text: Sir

text: George

text: Gilbert

text: Scott

text: in

text: The

text: entrance

text: is

text: approached

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: cloister

text: walk

text: and

text: includes

text: a

text: double

text: doorway

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: tympanum

text: above

question: Under whom was the chapter house built?

answer: Henry III

text: Henry III

question: Who restored the chapter house in 1872?

answer: Sir George Gilbert Scott

text: Sir George Gilbert Scott


text: The Times Digital Archive (1785–2008) is freely accessible via Gale databases to readers affiliated with subscribing academic, public, and school libraries.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: The

text: Times

text: Digital

text: Archive

text: is

text: freely

text: accessible

text: via

text: Gale

text: databases

text: to

text: readers

text: affiliated

text: with

text: subscribing

text: academic

text: public

text: and

text: school

text: libraries

question: What is the name of the digital archive that holds The Times historical archive?

answer: The Times Digital Archive

text: The Times Digital Archive

question: The Times historical archive is freely accessible online from what database?

answer: Gale databases

text: Gale databases

question: What kind of reader can subscribe to the digital archive of The Times?

answer: academic

text: academic


text: This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: dictatorship

text: of

text: the

text: Estado

text: Novo

text: under

text: António

text: de

text: Oliveira

text: Salazar

text: in

text: Portugal

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: five

text: European

text: countries

text: to

text: remain

text: neutral

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: Portugal

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: NATO

text: OECD

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Association

text: EFTA

text: Gradually

text: new

text: economic

text: development

text: projects

text: and

text: relocation

text: of

text: mainland

text: Portuguese

text: citizens

text: into

text: the

text: overseas

text: provinces

text: in

text: Africa

text: were

text: initiated

text: with

text: Angola

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: richest

text: overseas

text: territories

text: being

text: the

text: main

text: targets

text: of

text: those

text: initiatives

text: These

text: actions

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: affirm

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: transcontinental

text: nation

text: and

text: not

text: as

text: a

text: colonial

text: empire

question: Who led the Estado Novo?

answer: António de Oliveira Salazar

text: António de Oliveira Salazar

question: In what year was the Estado Novo established?

answer: 1933

question: How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II?

answer: five

text: five

question: What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation?

answer: relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa

text: relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa


text: Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Victoria

text: later

text: described

text: her

text: childhood

text: as

text: rather

text: melancholy

text: Her

text: mother

text: was

text: extremely

text: protective

text: and

text: Victoria

text: was

text: raised

text: largely

text: isolated

text: from

text: other

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Kensington

text: System

text: an

text: elaborate

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: and

text: protocols

text: devised

text: by

text: the

text: Duchess

text: and

text: her

text: ambitious

text: and

text: domineering

text: comptroller

text: Sir

text: John

text: Conroy

text: who

text: was

text: rumoured

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Duchess

text: 's

text: lover

text: The

text: system

text: prevented

text: the

text: princess

text: from

text: meeting

text: people

text: whom

text: her

text: mother

text: and

text: Conroy

text: deemed

text: undesirable

text: including

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: family

text: and

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: render

text: her

text: weak

text: and

text: dependent

text: upon

text: them

text: The

text: Duchess

text: avoided

text: the

text: court

text: because

text: she

text: was

text: scandalised

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: King

text: William

text: 's

text: bastard

text: children

text: and

text: perhaps

text: prompted

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: Victorian

text: morality

text: by

text: insisting

text: that

text: her

text: daughter

text: avoid

text: any

text: appearance

text: of

text: sexual

text: impropriety

text: Victoria

text: shared

text: a

text: bedroom

text: with

text: her

text: mother

text: every

text: night

text: studied

text: with

text: private

text: tutors

text: to

text: a

text: regular

text: timetable

text: and

text: spent

text: her

text: play

text: hours

text: with

text: her

text: dolls

text: and

text: her

text: King

text: Charles

text: spaniel

text: Dash

text: Her

text: lessons

text: included

text: French

text: German

text: Italian

text: and

text: Latin

text: but

text: she

text: spoke

text: only

text: English

text: at

text: home

question: Who was extremely protective over Victoria?

answer: mother

text: mother

question: What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Who was the Dutchess' rumored lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What was Victoria's dog's name?

answer: Dash

text: Dash

question: During her free time, what did she play with?

answer: dolls

text: dolls

question: Who did Victoria share a bedroom with when she was a child?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: What languages did Victoria take lessons in?

answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

text: French, German, Italian, and Latin

question: What was the only language Victoria spoke at home?

answer: English

text: English

question: Who was Victoria's mothers lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What is the formal name given to the system of rules Victoria was raised under?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: What system did Victorias mother raise her under?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Who was Victorias mothers comptroller?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: Who was rumored to be Victorias mothers lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: Who was the Duchess's suspected lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What was the name of Victoria's childhood dog?

answer: Dash

text: Dash

question: What was the Kensington System?

answer: an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess

text: an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess

question: How did Victoria describe her childhood?

answer: rather melancholy

text: rather melancholy

question: What languages did Victoria study?

answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

text: French, German, Italian, and Latin

question: What was the name of Victoria's King Charles Spaniel?

answer: Dash

text: Dash

question: What are some of the languages that Victoria studied?

answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

text: French, German, Italian, and Latin

question: What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: Who was included in the list of people that the Duchess and Sir John Conroy didn't want the Princess Victoria associating with?

answer: most of her father's family

text: most of her father's family


text: Israel is a leading country in the development of solar energy. Israel is a global leader in water conservation and geothermal energy, and its development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications and the life sciences have evoked comparisons with Silicon Valley. According to the OECD, Israel is also ranked 1st in the world in expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP. Intel and Microsoft built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel, and other high-tech multi-national corporations, such as IBM, Google, Apple, HP, Cisco Systems, and Motorola, have opened R&D facilities in the country.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: is

text: a

text: leading

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: Israel

text: is

text: a

text: global

text: leader

text: in

text: water

text: conservation

text: and

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: and

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: cutting

text: edge

text: technologies

text: in

text: software

text: communications

text: and

text: the

text: life

text: sciences

text: have

text: evoked

text: comparisons

text: with

text: Silicon

text: Valley

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: OECD

text: Israel

text: is

text: also

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: expenditure

text: on

text: Research

text: and

text: Development

text: R&D

text: as

text: a

text: percentage

text: of

text: GDP

text: Intel

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: built

text: their

text: first

text: overseas

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: centers

text: in

text: Israel

text: and

text: other

text: high

text: tech

text: multi

text: national

text: corporations

text: such

text: as

text: IBM

text: Google

text: Apple

text: HP

text: Cisco

text: Systems

text: and

text: Motorola

text: have

text: opened

text: R&D

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: country

question: Israel is a leading country of what development?

answer: solar energy

text: solar energy

question: Israel is ranked 1st in the world in what?

answer: expenditure on Research and Development

text: expenditure on Research and Development

question: What companies built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel?

answer: Intel and Microsoft

text: Intel and Microsoft


text: The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: coronation

text: of

text: Charlemagne

text: as

text: emperor

text: on

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: medieval

text: history

text: marking

text: a

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: since

text: the

text: new

text: emperor

text: ruled

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: previously

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: western

text: emperors

text: It

text: also

text: marks

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: Charlemagne

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: as

text: the

text: assumption

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: title

text: by

text: the

text: Carolingians

text: asserted

text: their

text: equivalence

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: state

text: There

text: were

text: several

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: Carolingian

text: Empire

text: and

text: both

text: the

text: older

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: concurrent

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: The

text: Frankish

text: lands

text: were

text: rural

text: in

text: character

text: with

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: small

text: cities

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: were

text: peasants

text: settled

text: on

text: small

text: farms

text: Little

text: trade

text: existed

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: that

text: was

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: and

text: Scandinavia

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: older

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: with

text: its

text: trading

text: networks

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: The

text: empire

text: was

text: administered

text: by

text: an

text: itinerant

text: court

text: that

text: travelled

text: with

text: the

text: emperor

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: approximately

text: imperial

text: officials

text: called

text: counts

text: who

text: administered

text: the

text: counties

text: the

text: empire

text: had

text: been

text: divided

text: into

text: Clergy

text: and

text: local

text: bishops

text: served

text: as

text: officials

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: imperial

text: officials

text: called

text: missi

text: dominici

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: roving

text: inspectors

text: and

text: troubleshooters

question: On what date did Charlemagne assume the imperial title?

answer: Christmas Day 800

text: Christmas Day 800

question: Of what class were most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire?

answer: peasants

text: peasants

question: About how many counts existed in the Carolingian Empire?

answer: 300

question: In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live?

answer: small farms

text: small farms

question: Along with the British Isles, with what land did the Carolingians trade?

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia


text: On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–29 November). On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a U.S. 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the U.S. 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: November

text: at

text: the

text: Korean

text: western

text: front

text: the

text: PVA

text: Army

text: Group

text: attacked

text: and

text: overran

text: the

text: ROK

text: II

text: Corps

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Ch'ongch'on

text: River

text: and

text: then

text: decimated

text: the

text: US

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: on

text: the

text: UN

text: forces

text: right

text: flank

text: The

text: UN

text: Command

text: retreated

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Eighth

text: Army

text: 's

text: retreat

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: US

text: Army

text: history

text: was

text: made

text: possible

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Brigade

text: 's

text: successful

text: but

text: very

text: costly

text: rear

text: guard

text: delaying

text: action

text: near

text: Kunuri

text: that

text: slowed

text: the

text: PVA

text: attack

text: for

text: two

text: days

text: November

text: On

text: November

text: at

text: the

text: Korean

text: eastern

text: front

text: a

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: Regimental

text: Combat

text: Team

text: soldiers

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Marine

text: Division

text: marines

text: were

text: unprepared

text: for

text: the

text: PVA

text: Army

text: Group

text: 's

text: three

text: pronged

text: encirclement

text: tactics

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Chosin

text: Reservoir

text: but

text: they

text: managed

text: to

text: escape

text: under

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: X

text: Corps

text: support

text: fire

text: albeit

text: with

text: some

text: collective

text: casualties

question: Whose retreat during the Korean war was the longest in the history of the US Army?

answer: U.S. Eighth Army's

text: U.S. Eighth Army's

question: Whose actions helped the Eighth Army be able to retreat?

answer: Turkish Brigade

text: Turkish Brigade

question: How many casualties did the 1st Marines face at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir?

answer: 12,000–15,000

question: What tactics of the PVA were US and ROK troops not prepared to handle?

answer: PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics

text: PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics


text: The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Srijana

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: located

text: inside

text: the

text: Bhrikutimandap

text: Exhibition

text: grounds

text: hosts

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: contemporary

text: painters

text: and

text: sculptors

text: and

text: regularly

text: organizes

text: exhibitions

text: It

text: also

text: runs

text: morning

text: and

text: evening

text: classes

text: in

text: the

text: schools

text: of

text: art

text: Also

text: of

text: note

text: is

text: the

text: Moti

text: Azima

text: Gallery

text: located

text: in

text: a

text: three

text: storied

text: building

text: in

text: Bhimsenthan

text: which

text: contains

text: an

text: impressive

text: collection

text: of

text: traditional

text: utensils

text: and

text: handmade

text: dolls

text: and

text: items

text: typical

text: of

text: a

text: medieval

text: Newar

text: house

text: giving

text: an

text: important

text: insight

text: into

text: Nepali

text: history

text: The

text: J

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: near

text: the

text: Royal

text: Palace

text: in

text: Durbarmarg

text: Kathmandu

text: and

text: displays

text: the

text: artwork

text: of

text: eminent

text: established

text: Nepali

text: painters

text: The

text: Nepal

text: Art

text: Council

text: Gallery

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Babar

text: Mahal

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Tribhuvan

text: International

text: Airport

text: contains

text: artwork

text: of

text: both

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: artists

text: and

text: extensive

text: halls

text: regularly

text: used

text: for

text: art

text: exhibitions

question: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?

answer: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds

text: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds

question: The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?

answer: medieval

text: medieval

question: What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?

answer: J

text: J

question: Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?

answer: Babar Mahal

text: Babar Mahal

question: In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?

answer: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery

text: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery


text: Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002); Hampton, Virginia in USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), and Busan in South Korea (since 1978).

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: City

text: Council

text: has

text: developed

text: twinning

text: links

text: with

text: Le

text: Havre

text: in

text: France

text: since

text: Rems

text: Murr

text: Kreis

text: in

text: Germany

text: since

text: Trieste

text: in

text: Italy

text: since

text: Hampton

text: Virginia

text: in

text: USA

text: Qingdao

text: in

text: China

text: since

text: and

text: Busan

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: since

question: What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?

answer: Le Havre

text: Le Havre

question: Which Italian city did Southampton City Council establish a twinning link with in 2002?

answer: Trieste

text: Trieste

question: What's the only city in the USA with a twinning link to Southampton City Council?

answer: Hampton, Virginia

text: Hampton, Virginia

question: What year did Southampton City Council link with Busan, South Korea?

answer: 1978

question: In what country does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with Rems-Murr-Kreis?

answer: Germany

text: Germany


text: The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: The

text: technical

text: rules

text: for

text: the

text: Japanese

text: version

text: of

text: men

text: 's

text: rhythmic

text: gymnastics

text: came

text: around

text: the

text: For

text: individuals

text: only

text: four

text: types

text: of

text: apparatus

text: are

text: used

text: the

text: double

text: rings

text: the

text: stick

text: the

text: rope

text: and

text: the

text: clubs

text: Groups

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: any

text: apparatus

text: The

text: Japanese

text: version

text: includes

text: tumbling

text: performed

text: on

text: a

text: spring

text: floor

text: Points

text: are

text: awarded

text: based

text: a

text: scale

text: that

text: measures

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: tumbling

text: and

text: apparatus

text: handling

text: On

text: November

text: Japan

text: hosted

text: first

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Men

text: 's

text: Rhythmic

text: Gymnastics

text: World

text: Championship

question: When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed?

answer: 1970s

question: How many apparatuses are used?

answer: only four types

text: only four types

question: What are the types of apparatuses used?

answer: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs

text: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs

question: What apparatuses do groups use?

answer: Groups do not use any apparatus

text: Groups do not use any apparatus

question: When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship?

answer: November 27–29, 2003

text: November 27–29, 2003


text: Doctrinal development has had an important place in the restoration of the Preachers. Several institutions, besides those already mentioned, played important parts. Such is the Biblical school at Jerusalem, open to the religious of the order and to secular clerics, which publishes the Revue Biblique. The faculty of theology at the University of Fribourg, confided to the care of the Dominicans in 1890, is flourishing, and has about 250 students. The Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum established at Rome in 1908 by Master Hyacinth Cormier, opened its doors to regulars and seculars for the study of the sacred sciences. In addition to the reviews above are the Revue Thomiste, founded by Père Thomas Coconnier (d. 1908), and the Analecta Ordinis Prædicatorum (1893). Among numerous writers of the order in this period are: Cardinals Thomas Zigliara (d. 1893) and Zephirin González (d. 1894), two esteemed philosophers; Alberto Guillelmotti (d. 1893), historian of the Pontifical Navy, and Heinrich Denifle, one of the most famous writers on medieval history (d. 1905).[citation needed]

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Doctrinal

text: development

text: has

text: had

text: an

text: important

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: the

text: Preachers

text: Several

text: institutions

text: besides

text: those

text: already

text: mentioned

text: played

text: important

text: parts

text: Such

text: is

text: the

text: Biblical

text: school

text: at

text: Jerusalem

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: religious

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: and

text: to

text: secular

text: clerics

text: which

text: publishes

text: the

text: Revue

text: Biblique

text: The

text: faculty

text: of

text: theology

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Fribourg

text: confided

text: to

text: the

text: care

text: of

text: the

text: Dominicans

text: in

text: is

text: flourishing

text: and

text: has

text: about

text: students

text: The

text: Pontificium

text: Collegium

text: Internationale

text: Angelicum

text: the

text: future

text: Pontifical

text: University

text: of

text: Saint

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: Angelicum

text: established

text: at

text: Rome

text: in

text: by

text: Master

text: Hyacinth

text: Cormier

text: opened

text: its

text: doors

text: to

text: regulars

text: and

text: seculars

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: sacred

text: sciences

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: reviews

text: above

text: are

text: the

text: Revue

text: Thomiste

text: founded

text: by

text: Père

text: Thomas

text: Coconnier

text: d.

text: and

text: the

text: Analecta

text: Ordinis

text: Prædicatorum

text: Among

text: numerous

text: writers

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: are

text: Cardinals

text: Thomas

text: Zigliara

text: d.

text: and

text: Zephirin

text: González

text: d.

text: two

text: esteemed

text: philosophers

text: Alberto

text: Guillelmotti

text: d.

text: historian

text: of

text: the

text: Pontifical

text: Navy

text: and

text: Heinrich

text: Denifle

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: writers

text: on

text: medieval

text: history

text: d.

text: needed

question: What school publishes the Revue Biblique?

answer: Biblical school at Jerusalem

text: Biblical school at Jerusalem

question: When was the University of Fribourg put into the Dominican Order's care?

answer: 1890

question: How many students does the University of Fribourg have?

answer: 250

question: What is the name of one Dominican Order institution of learning?

answer: Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas

text: Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas

question: What Dominican founded the Revue Thomiste?

answer: Père Thomas Coconnier

text: Père Thomas Coconnier


text: Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the east exit of Tokyo Station is known as Yaesu (八重洲). Yaesu is a corruption of the Dutchman's Japanese name, Yayousu (耶楊子). Also in common with Adam's, Joostens was given a Red Seal Ship (朱印船) allowing him to trade between Japan and Indo-China. On a return journey from Batavia Joosten drowned after his ship ran aground.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: Jan

text: Joosten

text: van

text: Lodensteijn

text: a

text: Dutch

text: colleague

text: of

text: Adams

text: on

text: their

text: ill

text: fated

text: voyage

text: to

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: ship

text: De

text: Liefde

text: was

text: also

text: given

text: similar

text: privileges

text: by

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: It

text: appears

text: Joosten

text: became

text: a

text: samurai[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: was

text: given

text: a

text: residence

text: within

text: Ieyasu

text: 's

text: castle

text: at

text: Edo

text: Today

text: this

text: area

text: at

text: the

text: east

text: exit

text: of

text: Tokyo

text: Station

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Yaesu

text: 八重洲

text: Yaesu

text: is

text: a

text: corruption

text: of

text: the

text: Dutchman

text: 's

text: Japanese

text: name

text: Yayousu

text: 耶楊子

text: Also

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: Adam

text: 's

text: Joostens

text: was

text: given

text: a

text: Red

text: Seal

text: Ship

text: 朱印船

text: allowing

text: him

text: to

text: trade

text: between

text: Japan

text: and

text: Indo

text: China

text: On

text: a

text: return

text: journey

text: from

text: Batavia

text: Joosten

text: drowned

text: after

text: his

text: ship

text: ran

text: aground

question: What nationality was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn?

answer: Dutch

text: Dutch

question: Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born?

answer: 1556

question: What was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn's Japanese name?

answer: Yayousu

text: Yayousu

question: What permission allowed trade between Japan and Indo-China?

answer: a Red Seal Ship

text: a Red Seal Ship

question: How did Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn die?

answer: drowned after his ship ran aground

text: drowned after his ship ran aground


text: In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: worldly

text: authorities

text: were

text: closely

text: related

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: separated

text: the

text: religious

text: and

text: the

text: worldly

text: realms

text: in

text: principle

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: kingdoms

text: The

text: believers

text: were

text: obliged

text: to

text: use

text: reason

text: to

text: govern

text: the

text: worldly

text: sphere

text: in

text: an

text: orderly

text: and

text: peaceful

text: way

text: Luther

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: priesthood

text: of

text: all

text: believers

text: upgraded

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: laymen

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: considerably

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: congregation

text: had

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: elect

text: a

text: minister

text: and

text: if

text: necessary

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: his

text: dismissal

text: Treatise

text: On

text: the

text: right

text: and

text: authority

text: of

text: a

text: Christian

text: assembly

text: or

text: congregation

text: to

text: judge

text: all

text: doctrines

text: and

text: to

text: call

text: install

text: and

text: dismiss

text: teachers

text: as

text: testified

text: in

text: Scripture

text: Calvin

text: strengthened

text: this

text: basically

text: democratic

text: approach

text: by

text: including

text: elected

text: laymen

text: church

text: elders

text: presbyters

text: in

text: his

text: representative

text: church

text: government

text: The

text: Huguenots

text: added

text: regional

text: synods

text: and

text: a

text: national

text: synod

text: whose

text: members

text: were

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: congregations

text: to

text: Calvin

text: 's

text: system

text: of

text: church

text: self

text: government

text: This

text: system

text: was

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: reformed

text: churches

question: What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs?

answer: doctrine of the two kingdoms

text: doctrine of the two kingdoms

question: Who added the election of laymen to church government?

answer: Calvin

text: Calvin

question: When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?

answer: 1523

question: Who added synods to church government?

answer: The Huguenots

text: The Huguenots

question: What were Luther's followers advised to use when governing worldly affairs?

answer: reason

text: reason


text: Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English as the official language is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language is used only by a small minority of the country's urban elite, and it is not spoken at all in some rural areas. Hausa is the most widely spoken of the 3 main languages spoken in Nigeria itself (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba) but unlike the Yorubas and Igbos, the Hausas tend not to travel far outside Nigeria itself.[citation needed]

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Even

text: though

text: most

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: prefer

text: to

text: communicate

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: languages

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: for

text: education

text: business

text: transactions

text: and

text: for

text: official

text: purposes

text: English

text: as

text: a

text: first

text: language

text: is

text: used

text: only

text: by

text: a

text: small

text: minority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: urban

text: elite

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: spoken

text: at

text: all

text: in

text: some

text: rural

text: areas

text: Hausa

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: languages

text: spoken

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: itself

text: Igbo

text: Hausa

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: but

text: unlike

text: the

text: Yorubas

text: and

text: Igbos

text: the

text: Hausas

text: tend

text: not

text: to

text: travel

text: far

text: outside

text: Nigeria

text: itself.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the official language of Nigeria?

answer: English

text: English

question: How much of Nigeria uses English as a first language?

answer: a small minority of the country's urban elite

text: a small minority of the country's urban elite

question: What is the most popular language in Nigeria?

answer: Hausa

text: Hausa

question: What are the top 3 languages in Nigeria?

answer: Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba

text: Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba


text: The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east. It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: panhandle

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: alignment

text: with

text: its

text: Texas

text: border

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: New

text: Mexico

text: border

text: is

text: actually

text: to

text: miles

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: line

text: The

text: border

text: between

text: Texas

text: and

text: New

text: Mexico

text: was

text: set

text: first

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: survey

text: by

text: Spain

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: then

text: set

text: along

text: the

text: Meridian

text: In

text: the

text: when

text: Oklahoma

text: was

text: formally

text: surveyed

text: using

text: more

text: accurate

text: surveying

text: equipment

text: and

text: techniques

text: it

text: was

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: Texas

text: line

text: was

text: not

text: set

text: along

text: the

text: Meridian

text: Surveying

text: techniques

text: were

text: not

text: as

text: accurate

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: actual

text: Meridian

text: was

text: approximately

text: miles

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: was

text: much

text: easier

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: mistake

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: than

text: for

text: Texas

text: to

text: cede

text: land

text: to

text: New

text: Mexico

text: to

text: correct

text: the

text: original

text: surveying

text: error

text: The

text: placement

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: New

text: Mexico

text: border

text: represents

text: the

text: true

text: Meridian

question: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?

answer: 2.1 to 2.2 miles

text: 2.1 to 2.2 miles

question: When was the border between TX and NM first determined?

answer: 1819

question: When was Oklahoma's border determined?

answer: 1890s

question: Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?

answer: the 103rd Meridian

text: the 103rd Meridian

question: Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?

answer: Oklahoma/New Mexico border

text: Oklahoma/New Mexico border


text: Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress reversed this initiative and the majority of the lost manpower will come from the active forces. However, Congress did allow for $208 million of reprogramming from fleet modernization to enable some portion of the third of the grounded fleet to resume operations.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Specific

text: concerns

text: include

text: a

text: compounded

text: inability

text: for

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: to

text: replace

text: its

text: aging

text: fleet

text: and

text: an

text: overall

text: reduction

text: of

text: strength

text: and

text: readiness

text: The

text: USAF

text: attempted

text: to

text: make

text: these

text: adjustments

text: by

text: primarily

text: cutting

text: the

text: Air

text: National

text: Guard

text: and

text: Air

text: Force

text: Reserve

text: aircraft

text: fleets

text: and

text: their

text: associated

text: manpower

text: but

text: Congress

text: reversed

text: this

text: initiative

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: lost

text: manpower

text: will

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: active

text: forces

text: However

text: Congress

text: did

text: allow

text: for

text: million

text: of

text: reprogramming

text: from

text: fleet

text: modernization

text: to

text: enable

text: some

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: grounded

text: fleet

text: to

text: resume

text: operations

question: What is one of the concerns of the Air Force?

answer: replace its aging fleet

text: replace its aging fleet

question: How did the USAF try to make these adjustments to help with strength and readiness of its fleet?

answer: cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets

text: cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets

question: How much money did Congress give to the USAF to enable them to replace some of the grounded fleet?

answer: $208 million

text: $208 million


text: The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though the drug was never approved in the USA, the firm distributed Kevadon to over 1,000 physicians there under the guise of investigational use. Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this "study," including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug.[citation needed]

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: The

text: firm

text: continued

text: to

text: pressure

text: Kelsey

text: and

text: the

text: agency

text: to

text: approve

text: the

text: application

text: until

text: November

text: when

text: the

text: drug

text: was

text: pulled

text: off

text: the

text: German

text: market

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: grave

text: congenital

text: abnormalities

text: Several

text: thousand

text: newborns

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: suffered

text: the

text: teratogenic

text: effects

text: of

text: thalidomide

text: Though

text: the

text: drug

text: was

text: never

text: approved

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: the

text: firm

text: distributed

text: Kevadon

text: to

text: over

text: physicians

text: there

text: under

text: the

text: guise

text: of

text: investigational

text: use

text: Over

text: Americans

text: received

text: thalidomide

text: in

text: this

text: study

text: including

text: pregnant

text: patients

text: and

text: about

text: known

text: newborns

text: suffered

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: drug.[citation

text: needed

question: How many Americans were given the drug Kevadon?

answer: Over 20,000

text: Over 20,000

question: When was the drug taken off shelves in Germany?

answer: November 1961

text: November 1961

question: How many newborns were born with issues due to Kevadon?

answer: about 17

text: about 17

question: How was Kevadon distributed to doctors?

answer: under the guise of investigational use

text: under the guise of investigational use

question: Why was this drug pulled off shelves?

answer: association with grave congenital abnormalities

text: association with grave congenital abnormalities

question: In what year was thalidomide banned in Germany?

answer: 1961

question: What adverse effect was thalidomide associated with?

answer: congenital abnormalities

text: congenital abnormalities

question: Thalidomide was distributed in the USA by what name?

answer: Kevadon

text: Kevadon

question: About how many Americans received thalidomide in a supposed study?

answer: Over 20,000

text: Over 20,000

question: How many newborn American babies were affected by thalidomide?

answer: 17


text: During the regency of Maria Cristina, Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841. Under his progressive government the old regime was tenuously reconciled to his liberal policies. During this period of upheaval in the provinces he declared that all the estates of the Church, its congregations, and its religious orders were national property—though in Valencia, most of this property was subsequently acquired by the local bourgeoisie. City life in Valencia carried on in a revolutionary climate, with frequent clashes between liberals and republicans, and the constant threat of reprisals by the Carlist troops of General Cabrera.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: During

text: the

text: regency

text: of

text: Maria

text: Cristina

text: Espartero

text: ruled

text: Spain

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: as

text: its

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: May

text: Under

text: his

text: progressive

text: government

text: the

text: old

text: regime

text: was

text: tenuously

text: reconciled

text: to

text: his

text: liberal

text: policies

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: upheaval

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: he

text: declared

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: estates

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: its

text: congregations

text: and

text: its

text: religious

text: orders

text: were

text: national

text: property

text: though

text: in

text: Valencia

text: most

text: of

text: this

text: property

text: was

text: subsequently

text: acquired

text: by

text: the

text: local

text: bourgeoisie

text: City

text: life

text: in

text: Valencia

text: carried

text: on

text: in

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: climate

text: with

text: frequent

text: clashes

text: between

text: liberals

text: and

text: republicans

text: and

text: the

text: constant

text: threat

text: of

text: reprisals

text: by

text: the

text: Carlist

text: troops

text: of

text: General

text: Cabrera

question: Who was Spain's 18th Prime Minister?

answer: Espartero

text: Espartero

question: When did Espartero rule?

answer: 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841

text: 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841

question: What type of government did Espartero have?

answer: progressive

text: progressive

question: Who ended up getting most of Valencia's church property?

answer: local bourgeoisie

text: local bourgeoisie

question: Whose troops threatened reprisals in Valencia?

answer: General Cabrera

text: General Cabrera


text: The official Cubs team mascot is a young bear cub, named Clark, described by the team's press release as a young and friendly Cub. Clark made his debut at Advocate Health Care on January 13, 2014, the same day as the press release announcing his installation as the club's first ever official physical mascot. The bear cub itself was used in the clubs since the early 1900s and was the inspiration of the Chicago Staleys changing their team's name to the Chicago Bears, due to the Cubs allowing the football team to play at Wrigley Field in the 1930s.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: official

text: Cubs

text: team

text: mascot

text: is

text: a

text: young

text: bear

text: cub

text: named

text: Clark

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: press

text: release

text: as

text: a

text: young

text: and

text: friendly

text: Cub

text: Clark

text: made

text: his

text: debut

text: at

text: Advocate

text: Health

text: Care

text: on

text: January

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: as

text: the

text: press

text: release

text: announcing

text: his

text: installation

text: as

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: first

text: ever

text: official

text: physical

text: mascot

text: The

text: bear

text: cub

text: itself

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: clubs

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: inspiration

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Staleys

text: changing

text: their

text: team

text: 's

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Bears

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Cubs

text: allowing

text: the

text: football

text: team

text: to

text: play

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: in

text: the

question: What is the official Cubs team mascot?

answer: a young bear cub

text: a young bear cub

question: What is the official Cubs team mascot's name?

answer: Clark

text: Clark

question: When did Clark make his debut?

answer: January 13, 2014

text: January 13, 2014


text: Although some earlier unpublished studies had been prepared, not until the early 1970s was true textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon. At that time BYU Professor Ellis Rasmussen and his associates were asked by the LDS Church to begin preparation for a new edition of the Holy Scriptures. One aspect of that effort entailed digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes, another aspect required establishing the most dependable text. To that latter end, Stanley R. Larson (a Rasmussen graduate student) set about applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts and early editions of the Book of Mormon as his thesis project – which he completed in 1974. To that end, Larson carefully examined the Original Manuscript (the one dictated by Joseph Smith to his scribes) and the Printer’s Manuscript (the copy Oliver Cowdery prepared for the Printer in 1829–1830), and compared them with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd editions of the Book of Mormon to determine what sort of changes had occurred over time and to make judgments as to which readings were the most original. Larson proceeded to publish a useful set of well-argued articles on the phenomena which he had discovered. Many of his observations were included as improvements in the 1981 LDS edition of the Book of Mormon.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Although

text: some

text: earlier

text: unpublished

text: studies

text: had

text: been

text: prepared

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: was

text: true

text: textual

text: criticism

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Mormon

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: BYU

text: Professor

text: Ellis

text: Rasmussen

text: and

text: his

text: associates

text: were

text: asked

text: by

text: the

text: LDS

text: Church

text: to

text: begin

text: preparation

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Scriptures

text: One

text: aspect

text: of

text: that

text: effort

text: entailed

text: digitizing

text: the

text: text

text: and

text: preparing

text: appropriate

text: footnotes

text: another

text: aspect

text: required

text: establishing

text: the

text: most

text: dependable

text: text

text: To

text: that

text: latter

text: end

text: Stanley

text: R.

text: Larson

text: a

text: Rasmussen

text: graduate

text: student

text: set

text: about

text: applying

text: modern

text: text

text: critical

text: standards

text: to

text: the

text: manuscripts

text: and

text: early

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Mormon

text: as

text: his

text: thesis

text: project

text: which

text: he

text: completed

text: in

text: To

text: that

text: end

text: Larson

text: carefully

text: examined

text: the

text: Original

text: Manuscript

text: the

text: one

text: dictated

text: by

text: Joseph

text: Smith

text: to

text: his

text: scribes

text: and

text: the

text: Printer

text: ’s

text: Manuscript

text: the

text: copy

text: Oliver

text: Cowdery

text: prepared

text: for

text: the

text: Printer

text: in

text: and

text: compared

text: them

text: with

text: the

text: and

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Mormon

text: to

text: determine

text: what

text: sort

text: of

text: changes

text: had

text: occurred

text: over

text: time

text: and

text: to

text: make

text: judgments

text: as

text: to

text: which

text: readings

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: original

text: Larson

text: proceeded

text: to

text: publish

text: a

text: useful

text: set

text: of

text: well

text: argued

text: articles

text: on

text: the

text: phenomena

text: which

text: he

text: had

text: discovered

text: Many

text: of

text: his

text: observations

text: were

text: included

text: as

text: improvements

text: in

text: the

text: LDS

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Mormon

question: When did textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon?

answer: the early 1970s

text: the early 1970s

question: What was one portion of preparing a new edition of the Holy Scriptures?

answer: digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes

text: digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes

question: How was the most reliable version of the Holy Scriptures determined?

answer: applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts

text: applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts

question: When did Larson finish his project?

answer: 1974

question: Whose observations were included in the 1981 publication of the Book of Mormon?

answer: Larson

text: Larson


text: By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity. The Left Bank was the site of the University of Paris, a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology, and later in canon law, medicine and the arts.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Paris

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: political

text: economic

text: religious

text: and

text: cultural

text: capital

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: Île

text: de

text: la

text: Cité

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: palace

text: In

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Louis

text: VII

text: Maurice

text: de

text: Sully

text: bishop

text: of

text: Paris

text: undertook

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Cathedral

text: at

text: its

text: eastern

text: extremity

text: The

text: Left

text: Bank

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: a

text: corporation

text: of

text: students

text: and

text: teachers

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: train

text: scholars

text: first

text: in

text: theology

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: canon

text: law

text: medicine

text: and

text: the

text: arts

question: What was the site of the royal palace in the 12th century?

answer: Île de la Cité

text: Île de la Cité

question: Who was in charge of the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral?

answer: Maurice de Sully

text: Maurice de Sully

question: Where was the University of Paris located?

answer: The Left Bank

text: The Left Bank

question: Under who's reign was the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral?

answer: Louis VII

text: Louis VII


text: In the resulting Battle of Pusan Perimeter (August–September 1950), the U.S. Army withstood KPA attacks meant to capture the city at the Naktong Bulge, P'ohang-dong, and Taegu. The United States Air Force (USAF) interrupted KPA logistics with 40 daily ground support sorties that destroyed 32 bridges, halting most daytime road and rail traffic. KPA forces were forced to hide in tunnels by day and move only at night. To deny matériel to the KPA, the USAF destroyed logistics depots, petroleum refineries, and harbors, while the U.S. Navy air forces attacked transport hubs. Consequently, the over-extended KPA could not be supplied throughout the south. On 27 August, 67th Fighter Squadron aircraft mistakenly attacked facilities in Chinese territory and the Soviet Union called the UN Security Council's attention to China's complaint about the incident. The US proposed that a commission of India and Sweden determine what the US should pay in compensation but the Soviets vetoed the US proposal.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: the

text: resulting

text: Battle

text: of

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

text: August

text: September

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: withstood

text: KPA

text: attacks

text: meant

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: city

text: at

text: the

text: Naktong

text: Bulge

text: P'ohang

text: dong

text: and

text: Taegu

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Air

text: Force

text: USAF

text: interrupted

text: KPA

text: logistics

text: with

text: daily

text: ground

text: support

text: sorties

text: that

text: destroyed

text: bridges

text: halting

text: most

text: daytime

text: road

text: and

text: rail

text: traffic

text: KPA

text: forces

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: hide

text: in

text: tunnels

text: by

text: day

text: and

text: move

text: only

text: at

text: night

text: To

text: deny

text: matériel

text: to

text: the

text: KPA

text: the

text: USAF

text: destroyed

text: logistics

text: depots

text: petroleum

text: refineries

text: and

text: harbors

text: while

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: air

text: forces

text: attacked

text: transport

text: hubs

text: Consequently

text: the

text: over

text: extended

text: KPA

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: supplied

text: throughout

text: the

text: south

text: On

text: August

text: Fighter

text: Squadron

text: aircraft

text: mistakenly

text: attacked

text: facilities

text: in

text: Chinese

text: territory

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: called

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: 's

text: attention

text: to

text: China

text: 's

text: complaint

text: about

text: the

text: incident

text: The

text: US

text: proposed

text: that

text: a

text: commission

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Sweden

text: determine

text: what

text: the

text: US

text: should

text: pay

text: in

text: compensation

text: but

text: the

text: Soviets

text: vetoed

text: the

text: US

text: proposal

question: Which army was trying to capture Teague and the Naktong Bulge?

answer: KPA

text: KPA

question: What did the US Air Force's daytime attacks cause the KPA to do?

answer: to hide in tunnels by day and move only at night

text: to hide in tunnels by day and move only at night

question: Why did the Soviet Union complain about the action of the US to the UN Security Council?

answer: aircraft mistakenly attacked facilities in Chinese territory

text: aircraft mistakenly attacked facilities in Chinese territory

question: Along with India, what other nation was to determine the how much the US would have to compensate China?

answer: Sweden

text: Sweden

question: Why did India and Sweden never determine how much the US would compensate China?

answer: the Soviets vetoed the US proposal

text: the Soviets vetoed the US proposal


text: The province of France has produced a large number of preachers. The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire. The Dominicans of the province of France furnished Lacordaire (1835–1836, 1843–1851), Jacques Monsabré (1869–1870, 1872–1890), Joseph Ollivier (1871, 1897), Thomas Etourneau (1898–1902).[citation needed] Since 1903 the pulpit of Notre Dame has been occupied by a succession of Dominicans. Père Henri Didon (d. 1900) was a Dominican. The house of studies of the province of France publishes L'Année Dominicaine (founded 1859), La Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Theologiques (1907), and La Revue de la Jeunesse (1909). French Dominicans founded and administer the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem founded in 1890 by Père Marie-Joseph Lagrange O.P. (1855–1938), one of the leading international centres for Biblical research. It is at the École Biblique that the famed Jerusalem Bible (both editions) was prepared.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: province

text: of

text: France

text: has

text: produced

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: preachers

text: The

text: conferences

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: were

text: inaugurated

text: by

text: Père

text: Lacordaire

text: The

text: Dominicans

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: France

text: furnished

text: Lacordaire

text: Jacques

text: Monsabré

text: Joseph

text: Ollivier

text: Thomas

text: Etourneau

text: needed

text: Since

text: the

text: pulpit

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: has

text: been

text: occupied

text: by

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: Dominicans

text: Père

text: Henri

text: Didon

text: d.

text: was

text: a

text: Dominican

text: The

text: house

text: of

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: France

text: publishes

text: L'Année

text: Dominicaine

text: founded

text: La

text: Revue

text: des

text: Sciences

text: Philosophiques

text: et

text: Theologiques

text: and

text: La

text: Revue

text: de

text: la

text: Jeunesse

text: French

text: Dominicans

text: founded

text: and

text: administer

text: the

text: École

text: Biblique

text: et

text: Archéologique

text: française

text: de

text: Jérusalem

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Père

text: Marie

text: Joseph

text: Lagrange

text: O.P.

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: international

text: centres

text: for

text: Biblical

text: research

text: It

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: École

text: Biblique

text: that

text: the

text: famed

text: Jerusalem

text: Bible

text: both

text: editions

text: was

text: prepared

question: What country has produced a large number of preachers?

answer: France

text: France

question: What Dominican Friar inugurated the conferences of Notre Dame of Paris?

answer: Père Lacordaire

text: Père Lacordaire

question: What is the name of another French Dominican friar during this time?

answer: Thomas Etourneau

text: Thomas Etourneau

question: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?

answer: the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem

text: the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem

question: What was prepared at the Ecole Biblique?

answer: Jerusalem Bible

text: Jerusalem Bible


text: Walter Bradford Cannon agreed that physiological responses played a crucial role in emotions, but did not believe that physiological responses alone could explain subjective emotional experiences. He argued that physiological responses were too slow and often imperceptible and this could not account for the relatively rapid and intense subjective awareness of emotion. He also believed that the richness, variety, and temporal course of emotional experiences could not stem from physiological reactions, that reflected fairly undifferentiated fight or flight responses. An example of this theory in action is as follows: An emotion-evoking event (snake) triggers simultaneously both a physiological response and a conscious experience of an emotion.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Walter

text: Bradford

text: Cannon

text: agreed

text: that

text: physiological

text: responses

text: played

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: in

text: emotions

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: believe

text: that

text: physiological

text: responses

text: alone

text: could

text: explain

text: subjective

text: emotional

text: experiences

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: physiological

text: responses

text: were

text: too

text: slow

text: and

text: often

text: imperceptible

text: and

text: this

text: could

text: not

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: relatively

text: rapid

text: and

text: intense

text: subjective

text: awareness

text: of

text: emotion

text: He

text: also

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: richness

text: variety

text: and

text: temporal

text: course

text: of

text: emotional

text: experiences

text: could

text: not

text: stem

text: from

text: physiological

text: reactions

text: that

text: reflected

text: fairly

text: undifferentiated

text: fight

text: or

text: flight

text: responses

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: theory

text: in

text: action

text: is

text: as

text: follows

text: An

text: emotion

text: evoking

text: event

text: snake

text: triggers

text: simultaneously

text: both

text: a

text: physiological

text: response

text: and

text: a

text: conscious

text: experience

text: of

text: an

text: emotion

question: Who argued that physiological responses were insufficient to explain emotional experiences?

answer: Walter Bradford Cannon

text: Walter Bradford Cannon

question: Along with the physiological response, what did Cannon believe was triggered by an emotional event?

answer: a conscious experience of an emotion

text: a conscious experience of an emotion

question: Why did Cannon believe that physiological responses were insufficient cause for emotions?

answer: too slow and often imperceptible

text: too slow and often imperceptible


text: Von Neumann is credited with the equilibrium strategy of mutual assured destruction, providing the deliberately humorous acronym, MAD. (Other humorous acronyms coined by von Neumann include his computer, the Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, and Computer—or MANIAC). He also "moved heaven and earth" to bring MAD about. His goal was to quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR, and he knew the Soviets were doing similar work because the CIA interviewed German rocket scientists who were allowed to return to Germany, and von Neumann had planted a dozen technical people in the CIA. The Russians believed that bombers would soon be vulnerable, and they shared von Neumann's view that an H-bomb in an ICBM was the ne plus ultra of weapons, and they believed that whoever had superiority in these weapons would take over the world, without necessarily using them. He was afraid of a "missile gap" and took several more steps to achieve his goal of keeping up with the Soviets:

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: the

text: equilibrium

text: strategy

text: of

text: mutual

text: assured

text: destruction

text: providing

text: the

text: deliberately

text: humorous

text: acronym

text: MAD

text: Other

text: humorous

text: acronyms

text: coined

text: by

text: von

text: Neumann

text: include

text: his

text: computer

text: the

text: Mathematical

text: Analyzer

text: Numerical

text: Integrator

text: and

text: Computer

text: or

text: MANIAC

text: He

text: also

text: moved

text: heaven

text: and

text: earth

text: to

text: bring

text: MAD

text: about

text: His

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: quickly

text: develop

text: ICBMs

text: and

text: the

text: compact

text: hydrogen

text: bombs

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: deliver

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: he

text: knew

text: the

text: Soviets

text: were

text: doing

text: similar

text: work

text: because

text: the

text: CIA

text: interviewed

text: German

text: rocket

text: scientists

text: who

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Germany

text: and

text: von

text: Neumann

text: had

text: planted

text: a

text: dozen

text: technical

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: CIA

text: The

text: Russians

text: believed

text: that

text: bombers

text: would

text: soon

text: be

text: vulnerable

text: and

text: they

text: shared

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: view

text: that

text: an

text: H

text: bomb

text: in

text: an

text: ICBM

text: was

text: the

text: ne

text: plus

text: ultra

text: of

text: weapons

text: and

text: they

text: believed

text: that

text: whoever

text: had

text: superiority

text: in

text: these

text: weapons

text: would

text: take

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: without

text: necessarily

text: using

text: them

text: He

text: was

text: afraid

text: of

text: a

text: missile

text: gap

text: and

text: took

text: several

text: more

text: steps

text: to

text: achieve

text: his

text: goal

text: of

text: keeping

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: Soviets

question: What was MAD?

answer: mutual assured destruction

text: mutual assured destruction

question: What was the goal of MAD?

answer: quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR

text: quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR

question: What were Russians opinions of future weaponry?

answer: Russians believed that bombers would soon be vulnerable, and they shared von Neumann's view that an H-bomb in an ICBM was the ne plus ultra of weapons

text: Russians believed that bombers would soon be vulnerable, and they shared von Neumann's view that an H-bomb in an ICBM was the ne plus ultra of weapons

question: What was the concern of a missile gap?

answer: keeping up with the Soviets

text: keeping up with the Soviets


text: UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: UN

text: forces

text: retreated

text: to

text: Suwon

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Wonju

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: and

text: the

text: territory

text: north

text: of

text: Samcheok

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: where

text: the

text: battlefront

text: stabilized

text: and

text: held

text: The

text: PVA

text: had

text: outrun

text: its

text: logistics

text: capability

text: and

text: thus

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: press

text: on

text: beyond

text: Seoul

text: as

text: food

text: ammunition

text: and

text: matériel

text: were

text: carried

text: nightly

text: on

text: foot

text: and

text: bicycle

text: from

text: the

text: border

text: at

text: the

text: Yalu

text: River

text: to

text: the

text: three

text: battle

text: lines

text: In

text: late

text: January

text: upon

text: finding

text: that

text: the

text: PVA

text: had

text: abandoned

text: their

text: battle

text: lines

text: General

text: Ridgway

text: ordered

text: a

text: reconnaissance

text: in

text: force

text: which

text: became

text: Operation

text: Roundup

text: February

text: A

text: full

text: scale

text: X

text: Corps

text: advance

text: proceeded

text: which

text: fully

text: exploited

text: the

text: UN

text: Command

text: 's

text: air

text: superiority

text: concluding

text: with

text: the

text: UN

text: reaching

text: the

text: Han

text: River

text: and

text: recapturing

text: Wonju

question: Why was the PVA unable to advance beyond Seoul?

answer: The PVA had outrun its logistics capability

text: The PVA had outrun its logistics capability

question: What caused General Ridgway to initiate Operation Roundup?

answer: PVA had abandoned their battle lines

text: PVA had abandoned their battle lines

question: What facilitated the success of Operation Roundup?

answer: UN Command's air superiority

text: UN Command's air superiority

question: What city was recaptured as a result of the Ridgway's operation?

answer: Wonju

text: Wonju

question: How was the PVA transporting supplies at one point?

answer: on foot and bicycle

text: on foot and bicycle