text: In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. On Aug 18, 2011, as part of its effort in cognitive computing, IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses. These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture, and they consume less memory and power.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: In

text: IBM

text: launched

text: Secure

text: Blue

text: encryption

text: hardware

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: built

text: into

text: microprocessors

text: A

text: year

text: later

text: IBM

text: unveiled

text: Project

text: Big

text: Green

text: a

text: re

text: direction

text: of

text: billion

text: per

text: year

text: across

text: its

text: businesses

text: to

text: increase

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: On

text: November

text: IBM

text: ’s

text: CEO

text: Sam

text: Palmisano

text: during

text: a

text: speech

text: at

text: the

text: Council

text: on

text: Foreign

text: Relations

text: outlined

text: a

text: new

text: agenda

text: for

text: building

text: a

text: Smarter

text: Planet

text: On

text: March

text: IBM

text: announced

text: the

text: Smarter

text: Computing

text: framework

text: to

text: support

text: Smarter

text: Planet

text: On

text: Aug

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: effort

text: in

text: cognitive

text: computing

text: IBM

text: has

text: produced

text: chips

text: that

text: imitate

text: neurons

text: and

text: synapses

text: These

text: microprocessors

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: von

text: Neumann

text: architecture

text: and

text: they

text: consume

text: less

text: memory

text: and

text: power

question: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?

answer: Project Big Green

text: Project Big Green

question: Secure Blue was launched in what year?

answer: 2006

question: What type of hardware is Secure Blue?

answer: encryption hardware

text: encryption hardware

question: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?

answer: Sam Palmisano

text: Sam Palmisano

question: What framework did IBM announce on March 1, 2011?

answer: Smarter Computing framework

text: Smarter Computing framework


text: There are three ways an existing treaty can be amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can be long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only be bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also be amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may be adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: ways

text: an

text: existing

text: treaty

text: can

text: be

text: amended

text: First

text: formal

text: amendment

text: requires

text: State

text: parties

text: to

text: the

text: treaty

text: to

text: go

text: through

text: the

text: ratification

text: process

text: all

text: over

text: again

text: The

text: re

text: negotiation

text: of

text: treaty

text: provisions

text: can

text: be

text: long

text: and

text: protracted

text: and

text: often

text: some

text: parties

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: treaty

text: will

text: not

text: become

text: parties

text: to

text: the

text: amended

text: treaty

text: When

text: determining

text: the

text: legal

text: obligations

text: of

text: states

text: one

text: party

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: treaty

text: and

text: one

text: a

text: party

text: to

text: the

text: amended

text: treaty

text: the

text: states

text: will

text: only

text: be

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: terms

text: they

text: both

text: agreed

text: upon

text: Treaties

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: amended

text: informally

text: by

text: the

text: treaty

text: executive

text: council

text: when

text: the

text: changes

text: are

text: only

text: procedural

text: technical

text: change

text: in

text: customary

text: international

text: law

text: can

text: also

text: amend

text: a

text: treaty

text: where

text: state

text: behavior

text: evinces

text: a

text: new

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: legal

text: obligations

text: under

text: the

text: treaty

text: Minor

text: corrections

text: to

text: a

text: treaty

text: may

text: be

text: adopted

text: by

text: a

text: procès

text: verbal

text: but

text: a

text: procès

text: verbal

text: is

text: generally

text: reserved

text: for

text: changes

text: to

text: rectify

text: obvious

text: errors

text: in

text: the

text: text

text: adopted

text: i.e.

text: where

text: the

text: text

text: adopted

text: does

text: not

text: correctly

text: reflect

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: the

text: parties

text: adopting

text: it

question: How many ways are there to amend an existing treaty?

answer: three

text: three

question: What must state parties to a treaty repeat to adopt a formal amendment to the treaty?

answer: the ratification process

text: the ratification process

question: What amendment process is generally reserved for changes that rectify obvious errors in the text?

answer: a procès-verbal

text: a procès-verbal

question: Parties to an original treaty and an amended treaty are bound to what terms?

answer: the terms they both agreed upon

text: the terms they both agreed upon

question: In addition to the often long and protracted nature of treaty renegotiation, what negative outcome might result from the process?

answer: some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty

text: some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty


text: An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars  and terminals. Larger airports may have fixed base operator services, airport aprons, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: An

text: airport

text: is

text: an

text: aerodrome

text: with

text: facilities

text: for

text: flights

text: to

text: take

text: off

text: and

text: land

text: Airports

text: often

text: have

text: facilities

text: to

text: store

text: and

text: maintain

text: aircraft

text: and

text: a

text: control

text: tower

text: An

text: airport

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: landing

text: area

text: which

text: comprises

text: an

text: aerially

text: accessible

text: open

text: space

text: including

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: operationally

text: active

text: surface

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: runway

text: for

text: a

text: plane

text: to

text: take

text: off

text: or

text: a

text: helipad

text: and

text: often

text: includes

text: adjacent

text: utility

text: buildings

text: such

text: as

text: control

text: towers

text: hangars

text: and

text: terminals

text: Larger

text: airports

text: may

text: have

text: fixed

text: base

text: operator

text: services

text: airport

text: aprons

text: air

text: traffic

text: control

text: centres

text: passenger

text: facilities

text: such

text: as

text: restaurants

text: and

text: lounges

text: and

text: emergency

text: services

question: What is an aerodome with facilities for flights to take off and land?

answer: airport

text: airport

question: What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad?

answer: landing area

text: landing area

question: What is an airport?

answer: aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land

text: aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land


text: BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happiest students and highest quality of life. However, the quirkiness and sometimes "too nice" culture is often caricatured, for example, in terms of marrying early and being very conservative.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: BYU

text: 's

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: unique

text: The

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: enrollment

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: of

text: Latter

text: day

text: Saints

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: results

text: in

text: an

text: amplification

text: of

text: LDS

text: cultural

text: norms

text: BYU

text: was

text: ranked

text: by

text: The

text: Princeton

text: Review

text: in

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: for

text: having

text: the

text: happiest

text: students

text: and

text: highest

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: However

text: the

text: quirkiness

text: and

text: sometimes

text: too

text: nice

text: culture

text: is

text: often

text: caricatured

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: marrying

text: early

text: and

text: being

text: very

text: conservative

question: How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008?

answer: 14th in the nation

text: 14th in the nation

question: What parts of the sometimes "too nice" BYU culture is often caricatured?

answer: marrying early and being very conservative

text: marrying early and being very conservative

question: What does BYU's high rate of enrollment by LDS members result in regarding LDS cultural norms?

answer: amplification of

text: amplification of


text: Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. There, Eusebius of Nicomedia and other supporters of Arius deposed Athanasius. On 6 November, both sides of the dispute met with Emperor Constantine I in Constantinople. At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople. He was found guilty, and sent into exile to Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Trier in Germany).

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Athanasius

text: 's

text: first

text: problem

text: lay

text: with

text: Meletius

text: of

text: Lycopolis

text: and

text: his

text: followers

text: who

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: abide

text: by

text: the

text: First

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: That

text: council

text: also

text: anathematized

text: Arius

text: Accused

text: of

text: mistreating

text: Arians

text: and

text: Meletians

text: Athanasius

text: answered

text: those

text: charges

text: at

text: a

text: gathering

text: of

text: bishops

text: in

text: Tyre

text: the

text: First

text: Synod

text: of

text: Tyre

text: in

text: There

text: Eusebius

text: of

text: Nicomedia

text: and

text: other

text: supporters

text: of

text: Arius

text: deposed

text: Athanasius

text: On

text: November

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: dispute

text: met

text: with

text: Emperor

text: Constantine

text: I

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: At

text: that

text: meeting

text: the

text: Arians

text: claimed

text: Athanasius

text: would

text: try

text: to

text: cut

text: off

text: essential

text: Egyptian

text: grain

text: supplies

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: He

text: was

text: found

text: guilty

text: and

text: sent

text: into

text: exile

text: to

text: Augusta

text: Treverorum

text: in

text: Gaul

text: now

text: Trier

text: in

text: Germany

question: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea?

answer: failed to abide

text: failed to abide

question: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?

answer: cut off essential Egyptian grain

text: cut off essential Egyptian grain

question: What was the verdict of the accusation?

answer: was found guilty

text: was found guilty

question: What was his punishment?

answer: anathematized

text: anathematized

question: Who was he accused of harming?

answer: Arians and Meletians

text: Arians and Meletians


text: Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were racially mixed, up from 38.5%. In 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, Brazil's minister for racial equality, attributed the increases to growing pride among his country's black and indigenous communities.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: miscegenation

text: Brazil

text: has

text: avoided

text: the

text: binary

text: polarization

text: of

text: society

text: into

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: abolished

text: slavery

text: without

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: The

text: bitter

text: and

text: sometimes

text: violent

text: racial

text: tensions

text: that

text: have

text: divided

text: the

text: US

text: are

text: notably

text: absent

text: in

text: Brazil

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: of

text: Brazilians

text: said

text: they

text: were

text: black

text: compared

text: with

text: in

text: and

text: said

text: they

text: were

text: racially

text: mixed

text: up

text: from

text: In

text: Elio

text: Ferreira

text: de

text: Araujo

text: Brazil

text: 's

text: minister

text: for

text: racial

text: equality

text: attributed

text: the

text: increases

text: to

text: growing

text: pride

text: among

text: his

text: country

text: 's

text: black

text: and

text: indigenous

text: communities

question: What has Brazil avoided?

answer: the binary polarization of society into black and white

text: the binary polarization of society into black and white

question: What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?

answer: civil war

text: civil war

question: How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?

answer: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.

text: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.

question: Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality?

answer: Elio Ferreira de Araujo

text: Elio Ferreira de Araujo

question: Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?

answer: black and indigenous communities.

text: black and indigenous communities.


text: The first truth explains the nature of dukkha. Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: first

text: truth

text: explains

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: dukkha

text: Dukkha

text: is

text: commonly

text: translated

text: as

text: suffering

text: anxiety

text: unsatisfactoriness

text: unease

text: etc

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: following

text: three

text: aspects

question: What does the first of the Four Noble Truths explain?

answer: the nature of dukkha

text: the nature of dukkha

question: What is Dukkha?

answer: "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc.

text: "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc.

question: What does the first truth cover?

answer: Dukkha

text: Dukkha

question: What is another word for Dukkha?

answer: suffering

text: suffering

question: What is another nature of Dukkha?

answer: anxiety

text: anxiety

question: How many aspects are there to Dukkha?

answer: three

text: three

question: Dukkha can be translated as what word in regards to unhappiness?

answer: unsatisfactoriness

text: unsatisfactoriness

question: Suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness, and unease is the translation of what word?

answer: Dukkha

text: Dukkha

question: How many aspects does dukkha have?

answer: three

text: three


text: Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: between

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: and

text: the

text: Ozark

text: Plateau

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: watershed

text: generally

text: sloping

text: from

text: the

text: high

text: plains

text: of

text: its

text: western

text: boundary

text: to

text: the

text: low

text: wetlands

text: of

text: its

text: southeastern

text: boundary

text: Its

text: highest

text: and

text: lowest

text: points

text: follow

text: this

text: trend

text: with

text: its

text: highest

text: peak

text: Black

text: Mesa

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: situated

text: near

text: its

text: far

text: northwest

text: corner

text: in

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Panhandle

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: lowest

text: point

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Little

text: River

text: near

text: its

text: far

text: southeastern

text: boundary

text: near

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Idabel

text: OK

text: which

text: dips

text: to

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

question: What plateau is Oklahoma near?

answer: Ozark Plateau

text: Ozark Plateau

question: What watershed is Oklahoma in?

answer: Gulf of Mexico

text: Gulf of Mexico

question: What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?

answer: Black Mesa

text: Black Mesa

question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's highest point?

answer: 4,973

question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's lowest point?

answer: 289


text: Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for First and Business class passengers, premium frequent flyers, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program. This can sometimes be part of a reciprocal deal, as when multiple airlines are part of the same alliance, or as a ploy to attract premium customers away from rival airlines.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: Airports

text: may

text: also

text: contain

text: premium

text: and

text: VIP

text: services

text: The

text: premium

text: and

text: VIP

text: services

text: may

text: include

text: express

text: check

text: in

text: and

text: dedicated

text: check

text: in

text: counters

text: These

text: services

text: are

text: usually

text: reserved

text: for

text: First

text: and

text: Business

text: class

text: passengers

text: premium

text: frequent

text: flyers

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: airline

text: 's

text: clubs

text: Premium

text: services

text: may

text: sometimes

text: be

text: open

text: to

text: passengers

text: who

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: different

text: airline

text: 's

text: frequent

text: flyer

text: program

text: This

text: can

text: sometimes

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: reciprocal

text: deal

text: as

text: when

text: multiple

text: airlines

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: alliance

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: ploy

text: to

text: attract

text: premium

text: customers

text: away

text: from

text: rival

text: airlines

question: What are some services that are offered by VIP services?

answer: express check-in and dedicated check-in counters

text: express check-in and dedicated check-in counters

question: These services are usually reserved for what class of passengers?

answer: First and Business class

text: First and Business class

question: What type of services are sometimes open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program?

answer: Premium services

text: Premium services


text: The Trans-Alaska Pipeline can transport and pump up to 2.1 million barrels (330,000 m3) of crude oil per day, more than any other crude oil pipeline in the United States. Additionally, substantial coal deposits are found in Alaska's bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coal basins. The United States Geological Survey estimates that there are 85.4 trillion cubic feet (2,420 km3) of undiscovered, technically recoverable gas from natural gas hydrates on the Alaskan North Slope. Alaska also offers some of the highest hydroelectric power potential in the country from its numerous rivers. Large swaths of the Alaskan coastline offer wind and geothermal energy potential as well.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: Trans

text: Alaska

text: Pipeline

text: can

text: transport

text: and

text: pump

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: barrels

text: of

text: crude

text: oil

text: per

text: day

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: crude

text: oil

text: pipeline

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Additionally

text: substantial

text: coal

text: deposits

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: bituminous

text: sub

text: bituminous

text: and

text: lignite

text: coal

text: basins

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Geological

text: Survey

text: estimates

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: trillion

text: cubic

text: feet

text: of

text: undiscovered

text: technically

text: recoverable

text: gas

text: from

text: natural

text: gas

text: hydrates

text: on

text: the

text: Alaskan

text: North

text: Slope

text: Alaska

text: also

text: offers

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: hydroelectric

text: power

text: potential

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: from

text: its

text: numerous

text: rivers

text: Large

text: swaths

text: of

text: the

text: Alaskan

text: coastline

text: offer

text: wind

text: and

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: potential

text: as

text: well

question: How much oil can the Trans-Alaska Pipeline transport per day?

answer: up to 2.1 million barrels

text: up to 2.1 million barrels

question: How much recoverable gas is still undiscovered in Alaska, according to the US Geological Survey?

answer: 85.4 trillion cubic feet

text: 85.4 trillion cubic feet

question: Alaska's coastline also has potential in which two environmentally friendly energy types?

answer: wind and geothermal energy

text: wind and geothermal energy

question: Alaska's large rivers have potential for what environmentally friendly type of energy production?

answer: hydroelectric

text: hydroelectric


text: Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been granted to the acts mentioned. Thus, unlike the granting of royal assent by the monarch in person or by Royal Commissioners, the method created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 does not require both houses to meet jointly for the purpose of receiving the notice of royal assent. The standard text of the letters patent is set out in The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992, with minor amendments in 2000. In practice this remains the standard method, a fact that is belied by the wording of the letters patent for the appointment of the Royal Commissioners and by the wording of the letters patent for the granting of royal assent in writing under the 1967 Act ("... And forasmuch as We cannot at this time be present in the Higher House of Our said Parliament being the accustomed place for giving Our Royal Assent...").

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Under

text: the

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: Act

text: royal

text: assent

text: can

text: be

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: sovereign

text: in

text: writing

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: letters

text: patent

text: that

text: are

text: presented

text: to

text: the

text: presiding

text: officer

text: of

text: each

text: house

text: of

text: parliament

text: Then

text: the

text: presiding

text: officer

text: makes

text: a

text: formal

text: but

text: simple

text: statement

text: to

text: the

text: house

text: acquainting

text: each

text: house

text: that

text: royal

text: assent

text: has

text: been

text: granted

text: to

text: the

text: acts

text: mentioned

text: Thus

text: unlike

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: royal

text: assent

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: in

text: person

text: or

text: by

text: Royal

text: Commissioners

text: the

text: method

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: Act

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: both

text: houses

text: to

text: meet

text: jointly

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: receiving

text: the

text: notice

text: of

text: royal

text: assent

text: The

text: standard

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: letters

text: patent

text: is

text: set

text: out

text: in

text: The

text: Crown

text: Office

text: Forms

text: and

text: Proclamations

text: Rules

text: Order

text: with

text: minor

text: amendments

text: in

text: In

text: practice

text: this

text: remains

text: the

text: standard

text: method

text: a

text: fact

text: that

text: is

text: belied

text: by

text: the

text: wording

text: of

text: the

text: letters

text: patent

text: for

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Commissioners

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: wording

text: of

text: the

text: letters

text: patent

text: for

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: royal

text: assent

text: in

text: writing

text: under

text: the

text: Act

text: And

text: forasmuch

text: as

text: We

text: can

text: not

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: be

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: Higher

text: House

text: of

text: Our

text: said

text: Parliament

text: being

text: the

text: accustomed

text: place

text: for

text: giving

text: Our

text: Royal

text: Assent

question: What is unique about the method used for assention allowed by the Royal Assent Act 1967?

answer: does not require both houses to meet jointly

text: does not require both houses to meet jointly

question: How is assent granted under the Royal Assent Act 1967?

answer: by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament

text: by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament

question: Which document formats the letters patent?

answer: The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992

text: The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992

question: In which year were minor amendments made to the Crown Office Order?

answer: 2000


text: In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: In

text: Ukraine

text: Russian

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: language

text: of

text: inter

text: ethnic

text: communication

text: and

text: a

text: minority

text: language

text: under

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: According

text: to

text: estimates

text: from

text: Demoskop

text: Weekly

text: in

text: there

text: were

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: Russian

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: million

text: active

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: fluent

text: in

text: Russian

text: in

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: language

text: with

text: family

text: friends

text: or

text: at

text: work

text: Russian

text: is

text: spoken

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: estimate

text: from

text: the

text: World

text: Factbook

text: of

text: school

text: students

text: receive

text: their

text: education

text: primarily

text: in

text: Russian

question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian natively as of 2004?

answer: 14,400,000

question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian actively as of 2004?

answer: 29 million

text: 29 million

question: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006?

answer: 65%

question: What percent of Ukraine use Russian as their main language as of 2006?

answer: 38%

question: What is Russian's legal status in Ukraine?

answer: minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine

text: minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine


text: Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Pius

text: XII

text: delivered

text: an

text: address

text: about

text: Montini

text: 's

text: appointment

text: from

text: his

text: sick

text: bed

text: over

text: radio

text: to

text: those

text: assembled

text: in

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Basilica

text: on

text: December

text: Both

text: Montini

text: and

text: the

text: pope

text: had

text: tears

text: in

text: their

text: eyes

text: when

text: Montini

text: parted

text: for

text: his

text: dioceses

text: with

text: churches

text: priests

text: and

text: souls

text: On

text: January

text: Montini

text: formally

text: took

text: possession

text: of

text: his

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Milan

text: Montini

text: after

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: preparation

text: liked

text: his

text: new

text: tasks

text: as

text: archbishop

text: connecting

text: to

text: all

text: groups

text: of

text: faithful

text: in

text: Milan

text: He

text: enjoyed

text: meetings

text: with

text: intellectuals

text: artists

text: and

text: writers

question: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?

answer: 1954

question: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan?

answer: 5 January

text: 5 January

question: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan?

answer: 1955

question: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop?

answer: his sick-bed

text: his sick-bed

question: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop?

answer: Milan

text: Milan


text: It is classified as a Beta World City, ranking seventh in Latin America and 73rd in the world. Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranks 8th in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. By 2014, is also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly major city in the world, first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of a larger metropolitan area, with a population of around 2 million.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: It

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: Beta

text: World

text: City

text: ranking

text: seventh

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Described

text: as

text: a

text: vibrant

text: eclectic

text: place

text: with

text: a

text: rich

text: cultural

text: life

text: and

text: a

text: thriving

text: tech

text: center

text: and

text: entrepreneurial

text: culture

text: Montevideo

text: ranks

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: MasterCard

text: Global

text: Destination

text: Cities

text: Index

text: By

text: is

text: also

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: gay

text: friendly

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: first

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: hub

text: of

text: commerce

text: and

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: chief

text: port

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: financial

text: and

text: cultural

text: hub

text: of

text: a

text: larger

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

question: What is Montevideo classified as?

answer: a Beta World City

text: a Beta World City

question: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?

answer: 8th

question: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?

answer: Uruguay

text: Uruguay

question: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?

answer: Uruguay

text: Uruguay

question: What is the population of Montevideo?

answer: around 2 million

text: around 2 million


text: Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God". There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas; namely her status as the mother of God; her Immaculate Conception; her perpetual virginity; and her Assumption into heaven. Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary (Maryam) also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Mary

text: had

text: been

text: venerated

text: since

text: Early

text: Christianity

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: millions

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: meritorious

text: saint

text: of

text: the

text: religion

text: The

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Anglican

text: and

text: Lutheran

text: Churches

text: believe

text: that

text: Mary

text: as

text: Mother

text: of

text: Jesus

text: is

text: the

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: literally

text: Giver

text: of

text: birth

text: to

text: God

text: There

text: is

text: significant

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: Marian

text: beliefs

text: and

text: devotional

text: practices

text: of

text: major

text: Christian

text: traditions

text: The

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: holds

text: distinctive

text: Marian

text: dogmas

text: namely

text: her

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: God

text: her

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: her

text: perpetual

text: virginity

text: and

text: her

text: Assumption

text: into

text: heaven

text: Many

text: Protestants

text: minimize

text: Mary

text: 's

text: role

text: within

text: Christianity

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: argued

text: brevity

text: of

text: biblical

text: references

text: Mary

text: Maryam

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: revered

text: position

text: in

text: Islam

text: where

text: a

text: whole

text: chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: her

text: also

text: describing

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Jesus

question: What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?

answer: Giver of birth to God

text: Giver of birth to God

question: Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary?

answer: Protestants

text: Protestants

question: What is Mary called in Islam?

answer: Maryam

text: Maryam

question: What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism?

answer: brevity of biblical references

text: brevity of biblical references

question: Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God?

answer: Anglican, and Lutheran

text: Anglican, and Lutheran


text: Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroups have had notable cultural contact with non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Slavs

text: are

text: customarily

text: divided

text: along

text: geographical

text: lines

text: into

text: three

text: major

text: subgroups

text: West

text: Slavs

text: East

text: Slavs

text: and

text: South

text: Slavs

text: each

text: with

text: a

text: different

text: and

text: a

text: diverse

text: background

text: based

text: on

text: unique

text: history

text: religion

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: particular

text: Slavic

text: groups

text: within

text: them

text: Apart

text: from

text: prehistorical

text: archaeological

text: cultures

text: the

text: subgroups

text: have

text: had

text: notable

text: cultural

text: contact

text: with

text: non

text: Slavic

text: Bronze-

text: and

text: Iron

text: Age

text: civilisations

question: Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?

answer: Slavs

text: Slavs

question: What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into?

answer: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs

text: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs

question: The Slav subgroups have had notable cultural contact with what kind of civilisations?

answer: non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age

text: non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age


text: The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relations. When genocide is looked at in a general aspect it is viewed as the deliberate killing of a certain group. Yet is commonly seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area. In 1648 before the term genocide had been coined, the Peace of Westphalia was established to protect ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups. During the 19th century humanitarian intervention was needed due to the fact of conflict and justification of some of the actions executed by the military.

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: genocide

text: has

text: mainly

text: been

text: focused

text: towards

text: the

text: legal

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: By

text: formally

text: recognizing

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: genocide

text: as

text: a

text: crime

text: involves

text: the

text: undergoing

text: prosecution

text: that

text: begins

text: with

text: not

text: only

text: seeing

text: genocide

text: as

text: outrageous

text: past

text: any

text: moral

text: standpoint

text: but

text: also

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: legal

text: liability

text: within

text: international

text: relations

text: When

text: genocide

text: is

text: looked

text: at

text: in

text: a

text: general

text: aspect

text: it

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: deliberate

text: killing

text: of

text: a

text: certain

text: group

text: Yet

text: is

text: commonly

text: seen

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: trial

text: and

text: prosecution

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: genocide

text: is

text: more

text: often

text: than

text: not

text: committed

text: by

text: the

text: officials

text: in

text: power

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: or

text: area

text: In

text: before

text: the

text: term

text: genocide

text: had

text: been

text: coined

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Westphalia

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: protect

text: ethnic

text: national

text: racial

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: instances

text: religious

text: groups

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: humanitarian

text: intervention

text: was

text: needed

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: of

text: conflict

text: and

text: justification

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: actions

text: executed

text: by

text: the

text: military

question: What has been the primary focus in the study of genocide?

answer: legal aspect of the term

text: legal aspect of the term

question: In prosecuting genocide, what must the act be formally acknowledged as?

answer: a crime

text: a crime

question: In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as?

answer: the deliberate killing of a certain group

text: the deliberate killing of a certain group

question: In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute?

answer: officials in power of a state or area

text: officials in power of a state or area

question: Long before genocide was established as a legal term, what treaty was in place to protect various groups from persecution and mass killings?

answer: the Peace of Westphalia

text: the Peace of Westphalia

question: Why does genocide often go unpunished?

answer: genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power

text: genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power

question: Who was the Peace of Westphalia designed to protect?

answer: ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups

text: ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups

question: What year was the Peace of Westphalia signed?

answer: 1648


text: The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State. The Courts are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches. The Supreme Courts are institutions of last resort/appeal. A thirteen-member Constitutional Court oversees the constitutionality of the laws.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: President

text: who

text: is

text: elected

text: to

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: term

text: has

text: an

text: executive

text: role

text: the

text: current

text: President

text: is

text: Aníbal

text: Cavaco

text: Silva

text: The

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: is

text: a

text: single

text: chamber

text: parliament

text: composed

text: of

text: deputies

text: elected

text: for

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: term

text: The

text: Government

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: currently

text: António

text: Costa

text: and

text: includes

text: Ministers

text: and

text: Secretaries

text: of

text: State

text: The

text: Courts

text: are

text: organized

text: into

text: several

text: levels

text: among

text: the

text: judicial

text: administrative

text: and

text: fiscal

text: branches

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Courts

text: are

text: institutions

text: of

text: last

text: resort

text: appeal

text: A

text: thirteen

text: member

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: oversees

text: the

text: constitutionality

text: of

text: the

text: laws

question: For how many years is the Portugal president elected?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who is the current president of Portugal?

answer: Aníbal Cavaco Silva

text: Aníbal Cavaco Silva

question: How many deputies make up the Assembly of the Republic?

answer: 230

question: For how long of a term are deputies elected?

answer: four-year

text: four-year

question: How many members sit on the Constitutional Court?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen


text: On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: On

text: July

text: BBC

text: Two

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: television

text: channel

text: in

text: Europe

text: to

text: broadcast

text: regularly

text: in

text: colour

text: using

text: the

text: West

text: German

text: PAL

text: system

text: that

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: although

text: being

text: gradually

text: superseded

text: by

text: digital

text: systems

text: BBC

text: One

text: and

text: ITV

text: began

text: colour

text: broadcasts

text: simultaneously

text: on

text: November

text: Unlike

text: other

text: terrestrial

text: channels

text: BBC

text: Two

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: soap

text: opera

text: or

text: standard

text: news

text: programming

text: but

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: programmes

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: eclectic

text: and

text: diverse

text: although

text: if

text: a

text: programme

text: has

text: high

text: audience

text: ratings

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: eventually

text: repositioned

text: to

text: BBC

text: One

text: The

text: different

text: remit

text: of

text: allowed

text: its

text: first

text: controller

text: Sir

text: David

text: Attenborough

text: to

text: commission

text: the

text: first

text: heavyweight

text: documentaries

text: and

text: documentary

text: series

text: such

text: as

text: Civilisation

text: The

text: Ascent

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: Horizon

question: What was the first station to show programs in color?

answer: BBC Two

text: BBC Two

question: When did the other two major British stations start color programming?

answer: 15 November 1969

text: 15 November 1969

question: What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two?

answer: soap opera or standard news programming

text: soap opera or standard news programming

question: Who was the first controller of BBC2?

answer: Sir David Attenborough

text: Sir David Attenborough

question: What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor?

answer: documentaries

text: documentaries


text: The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: The

text: first

text: comprehensives

text: were

text: set

text: up

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: In

text: for

text: example

text: Walworth

text: School

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: experimental

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: London

text: County

text: Council

text: Another

text: early

text: comprehensive

text: school

text: was

text: Holyhead

text: County

text: School

text: in

text: Anglesey

text: in

text: Other

text: early

text: examples

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: included

text: Woodlands

text: Boys

text: School

text: in

text: Coventry

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: Tividale

text: Comprehensive

text: School

text: in

text: Tipton

question: In what year was the Walworth School established?

answer: 1946

question: Who established the Walworth School?

answer: London County Council

text: London County Council

question: What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey?

answer: Holyhead County School

text: Holyhead County School

question: When was Holyhead County School established?

answer: 1949

question: Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?

answer: Woodlands Boys School

text: Woodlands Boys School


text: There are three classes of components for oxide glasses: network formers, intermediates, and modifiers. The network formers (silicon, boron, germanium) form a highly cross-linked network of chemical bonds. The intermediates (titanium, aluminium, zirconium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc) can act as both network formers and modifiers, according to the glass composition. The modifiers (calcium, lead, lithium, sodium, potassium) alter the network structure; they are usually present as ions, compensated by nearby non-bridging oxygen atoms, bound by one covalent bond to the glass network and holding one negative charge to compensate for the positive ion nearby. Some elements can play multiple roles; e.g. lead can act both as a network former (Pb4+ replacing Si4+), or as a modifier.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: classes

text: of

text: components

text: for

text: oxide

text: glasses

text: network

text: formers

text: intermediates

text: and

text: modifiers

text: The

text: network

text: formers

text: silicon

text: boron

text: germanium

text: form

text: a

text: highly

text: cross

text: linked

text: network

text: of

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: The

text: intermediates

text: titanium

text: aluminium

text: zirconium

text: beryllium

text: magnesium

text: zinc

text: can

text: act

text: as

text: both

text: network

text: formers

text: and

text: modifiers

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: glass

text: composition

text: The

text: modifiers

text: calcium

text: lead

text: lithium

text: sodium

text: potassium

text: alter

text: the

text: network

text: structure

text: they

text: are

text: usually

text: present

text: as

text: ions

text: compensated

text: by

text: nearby

text: non

text: bridging

text: oxygen

text: atoms

text: bound

text: by

text: one

text: covalent

text: bond

text: to

text: the

text: glass

text: network

text: and

text: holding

text: one

text: negative

text: charge

text: to

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: positive

text: ion

text: nearby

text: Some

text: elements

text: can

text: play

text: multiple

text: roles

text: e.g.

text: lead

text: can

text: act

text: both

text: as

text: a

text: network

text: former

text: replacing

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: modifier

question: What components of glass for networks?

answer: silicon, boron, germanium

text: silicon, boron, germanium

question: What type of components change the network's shape?

answer: modifiers

text: modifiers

question: What type of component can both make and change networks?

answer: intermediates

text: intermediates

question: What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network?

answer: covalent bond

text: covalent bond


text: Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: original

text: street

text: grid

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: included

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: Broad

text: and

text: Streets

text: and

text: the

text: James

text: River

text: Modern

text: Downtown

text: Richmond

text: is

text: located

text: slightly

text: farther

text: west

text: on

text: the

text: slopes

text: of

text: Shockoe

text: Hill

text: Nearby

text: neighborhoods

text: include

text: Shockoe

text: Bottom

text: the

text: historically

text: significant

text: and

text: low

text: lying

text: area

text: between

text: Shockoe

text: Hill

text: and

text: Church

text: Hill

text: and

text: Monroe

text: Ward

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: Jefferson

text: Hotel

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: East

text: End

text: includes

text: neighborhoods

text: like

text: rapidly

text: gentrifying

text: Church

text: Hill

text: home

text: to

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: Church

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: poorer

text: areas

text: like

text: Fulton

text: Union

text: Hill

text: and

text: Fairmont

text: and

text: public

text: housing

text: projects

text: like

text: Mosby

text: Court

text: Whitcomb

text: Court

text: Fairfield

text: Court

text: and

text: Creighton

text: Court

text: closer

text: to

text: Interstate

question: What neighborhood is located in between Church and Shockoe Hill?

answer: Shockoe Bottom

text: Shockoe Bottom

question: What Richmond neighborhood is home to the Jefferson Hotel?

answer: Monroe Ward

text: Monroe Ward

question: What neighborhood of Richmond contains St. John's Church?

answer: Church Hill

text: Church Hill

question: What is Fairfield Court?

answer: public housing projects

text: public housing projects

question: In what year was the Richmond street grid first developed?

answer: 1737


text: Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: Leibniz

text: describes

text: a

text: space

text: that

text: exists

text: only

text: as

text: a

text: relation

text: between

text: objects

text: and

text: which

text: has

text: no

text: existence

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: those

text: objects

text: Motion

text: exists

text: only

text: as

text: a

text: relation

text: between

text: those

text: objects

text: Newtonian

text: space

text: provided

text: the

text: absolute

text: frame

text: of

text: reference

text: within

text: which

text: objects

text: can

text: have

text: motion

text: In

text: Newton

text: 's

text: system

text: the

text: frame

text: of

text: reference

text: exists

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: objects

text: contained

text: within

text: it

text: These

text: objects

text: can

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: moving

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: space

text: itself

text: For

text: many

text: centuries

text: the

text: evidence

text: of

text: a

text: concave

text: water

text: surface

text: held

text: authority

question: Leibniz describes space as existing only as a relation between what?

answer: objects

text: objects

question: According to Leibniz, what has no existence apart from the existence of objections?

answer: space

text: space

question: What provides the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion?

answer: Newtonian space

text: Newtonian space

question: In Newton's system, how does the frame of reference exist between objects within it?

answer: independently

text: independently

question: For how long did the evidence of a concave water surface hold authority in reference to space?

answer: many centuries

text: many centuries


text: Kinect is a "controller-free gaming and entertainment experience" for the Xbox 360. It was first announced on June 1, 2009 at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, under the codename, Project Natal. The add-on peripheral enables users to control and interact with the Xbox 360 without a game controller by using gestures, spoken commands and presented objects and images. The Kinect accessory is compatible with all Xbox 360 models, connecting to new models via a custom connector, and to older ones via a USB and mains power adapter. During their CES 2010 keynote speech, Robbie Bach and Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer went on to say that Kinect will be released during the holiday period (November–January) and it will work with every 360 console. Its name and release date of 2010-11-04 were officially announced on 2010-06-13, prior to Microsoft's press conference at E3 2010.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: Kinect

text: is

text: a

text: controller

text: free

text: gaming

text: and

text: entertainment

text: experience

text: for

text: the

text: Xbox

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: announced

text: on

text: June

text: at

text: the

text: Electronic

text: Entertainment

text: Expo

text: under

text: the

text: codename

text: Project

text: Natal

text: The

text: add

text: on

text: peripheral

text: enables

text: users

text: to

text: control

text: and

text: interact

text: with

text: the

text: Xbox

text: without

text: a

text: game

text: controller

text: by

text: using

text: gestures

text: spoken

text: commands

text: and

text: presented

text: objects

text: and

text: images

text: The

text: Kinect

text: accessory

text: is

text: compatible

text: with

text: all

text: Xbox

text: models

text: connecting

text: to

text: new

text: models

text: via

text: a

text: custom

text: connector

text: and

text: to

text: older

text: ones

text: via

text: a

text: USB

text: and

text: mains

text: power

text: adapter

text: During

text: their

text: CES

text: keynote

text: speech

text: Robbie

text: Bach

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: CEO

text: Steve

text: Ballmer

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: Kinect

text: will

text: be

text: released

text: during

text: the

text: holiday

text: period

text: November

text: January

text: and

text: it

text: will

text: work

text: with

text: every

text: console

text: Its

text: name

text: and

text: release

text: date

text: of

text: were

text: officially

text: announced

text: on

text: prior

text: to

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: press

text: conference

text: at

question: How did Microsoft describe Kinect?

answer: a "controller-free gaming and entertainment experience"

text: a "controller-free gaming and entertainment experience"

question: When was Kinect first announced?

answer: June 1, 2009

text: June 1, 2009

question: At what event was Kinect announced?

answer: Electronic Entertainment Expo

text: Electronic Entertainment Expo

question: What was the secret code name for Kinect while in development?

answer: Project Natal

text: Project Natal

question: How can users utilize the Kinect to interact with their 360 consoles?

answer: by using gestures, spoken commands and presented objects and images

text: by using gestures, spoken commands and presented objects and images


text: The 1910 election saw 42 Labour MPs elected to the House of Commons, a significant victory since, a year before the election, the House of Lords had passed the Osborne judgment ruling that Trades Unions in the United Kingdom could no longer donate money to fund the election campaigns and wages of Labour MPs. The governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation. The height of Liberal compromise was to introduce a wage for Members of Parliament to remove the need to involve the Trade Unions. By 1913, faced with the opposition of the largest Trades Unions, the Liberal government passed the Trade Disputes Act to allow Trade Unions to fund Labour MPs once more.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: election

text: saw

text: Labour

text: MPs

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: a

text: significant

text: victory

text: since

text: a

text: year

text: before

text: the

text: election

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: had

text: passed

text: the

text: Osborne

text: judgment

text: ruling

text: that

text: Trades

text: Unions

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: donate

text: money

text: to

text: fund

text: the

text: election

text: campaigns

text: and

text: wages

text: of

text: Labour

text: MPs

text: The

text: governing

text: Liberals

text: were

text: unwilling

text: to

text: repeal

text: this

text: judicial

text: decision

text: with

text: primary

text: legislation

text: The

text: height

text: of

text: Liberal

text: compromise

text: was

text: to

text: introduce

text: a

text: wage

text: for

text: Members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: involve

text: the

text: Trade

text: Unions

text: By

text: faced

text: with

text: the

text: opposition

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Trades

text: Unions

text: the

text: Liberal

text: government

text: passed

text: the

text: Trade

text: Disputes

text: Act

text: to

text: allow

text: Trade

text: Unions

text: to

text: fund

text: Labour

text: MPs

text: once

text: more

question: How many MP were elected in the 1910 election?

answer: 42

question: Who passed the Osborne judgment?

answer: Trade Disputes Act

text: Trade Disputes Act

question: When was the Trade Disputes Act passed?

answer: 1913


text: Football is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they lost on aggregate at the quarter final stage to eventual winner FC Bayern Munich. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. Armenia have never qualified for a major tournament although recent improvements saw the team to achieve 44th position in the FIFA World Rankings in September 2011. The national team is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia. The Armenian Premier League is the highest level football competition in Armenia, and has been dominated by FC Pyunik in recent seasons. The league currently consists of eight teams and relegates to the Armenian First League.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Football

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: in

text: Armenia

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: team

text: was

text: the

text: FC

text: Ararat

text: Yerevan

text: team

text: of

text: the

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Cup

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Top

text: League

text: in

text: The

text: latter

text: achievement

text: saw

text: FC

text: Ararat

text: gain

text: entry

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: where

text: despite

text: a

text: home

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: leg

text: they

text: lost

text: on

text: aggregate

text: at

text: the

text: quarter

text: final

text: stage

text: to

text: eventual

text: winner

text: FC

text: Bayern

text: Munich

text: Armenia

text: competed

text: internationally

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: until

text: the

text: Armenian

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: split

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Armenia

text: have

text: never

text: qualified

text: for

text: a

text: major

text: tournament

text: although

text: recent

text: improvements

text: saw

text: the

text: team

text: to

text: achieve

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Rankings

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: national

text: team

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Football

text: Federation

text: of

text: Armenia

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Premier

text: League

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: football

text: competition

text: in

text: Armenia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: dominated

text: by

text: FC

text: Pyunik

text: in

text: recent

text: seasons

text: The

text: league

text: currently

text: consists

text: of

text: eight

text: teams

text: and

text: relegates

text: to

text: the

text: Armenian

text: First

text: League

question: What team won the Soviet football Cup in 1973 and 1975?

answer: FC Ararat Yerevan team

text: FC Ararat Yerevan team

question: Which team did the FC Ararat lose to in the European Cup?

answer: FC Bayern Munich

text: FC Bayern Munich

question: What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011?

answer: 44th

question: How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have?

answer: eight teams

text: eight teams


text: Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in) per year. The savannah zone's three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, and Sahel savannah. Guinean forest-savanna mosaic is plains of tall grass interrupted by trees. Sudan savannah is similar but with shorter grasses and shorter trees. Sahel savannah consists of patches of grass and sand, found in the northeast. In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimetres (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching. In the dry north-east corner of the country lies Lake Chad, which Nigeria shares with Niger, Chad and Cameroon.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Everything

text: in

text: between

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: far

text: north

text: is

text: savannah

text: insignificant

text: tree

text: cover

text: with

text: grasses

text: and

text: flowers

text: located

text: between

text: trees

text: Rainfall

text: is

text: more

text: limited

text: to

text: between

text: and

text: millimetres

text: and

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: savannah

text: zone

text: 's

text: three

text: categories

text: are

text: Guinean

text: forest

text: savanna

text: mosaic

text: Sudan

text: savannah

text: and

text: Sahel

text: savannah

text: Guinean

text: forest

text: savanna

text: mosaic

text: is

text: plains

text: of

text: tall

text: grass

text: interrupted

text: by

text: trees

text: Sudan

text: savannah

text: is

text: similar

text: but

text: with

text: shorter

text: grasses

text: and

text: shorter

text: trees

text: Sahel

text: savannah

text: consists

text: of

text: patches

text: of

text: grass

text: and

text: sand

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: In

text: the

text: Sahel

text: region

text: rain

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: millimetres

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: Sahara

text: Desert

text: is

text: encroaching

text: In

text: the

text: dry

text: north

text: east

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: lies

text: Lake

text: Chad

text: which

text: Nigeria

text: shares

text: with

text: Niger

text: Chad

text: and

text: Cameroon

question: What type of vegetation is in central Nigeria?

answer: savannah

text: savannah

question: How many inches of rain does central Nigeria get each year?

answer: between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in)

text: between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in)

question: How many subregions are there of Nigeria's savannah zone?

answer: three

text: three

question: How much rain does the Sahel savannah area get per year?

answer: less than 500 millimetres (20 in)

text: less than 500 millimetres (20 in)

question: Which desert is encroaching into northeastern Nigeria?

answer: Sahara

text: Sahara


text: Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project was the release of a detailed genomic map by Jean Weissenbach and his team at the Genoscope in Paris.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Whereas

text: a

text: genome

text: sequence

text: lists

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: every

text: DNA

text: base

text: in

text: a

text: genome

text: a

text: genome

text: map

text: identifies

text: the

text: landmarks

text: A

text: genome

text: map

text: is

text: less

text: detailed

text: than

text: a

text: genome

text: sequence

text: and

text: aids

text: in

text: navigating

text: around

text: the

text: genome

text: The

text: Human

text: Genome

text: Project

text: was

text: organized

text: to

text: map

text: and

text: to

text: sequence

text: the

text: human

text: genome

text: A

text: fundamental

text: step

text: in

text: the

text: project

text: was

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: detailed

text: genomic

text: map

text: by

text: Jean

text: Weissenbach

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: at

text: the

text: Genoscope

text: in

text: Paris

question: What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?

answer: genome map

text: genome map

question: Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?

answer: The Human Genome Project

text: The Human Genome Project

question: Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?

answer: Jean Weissenbach

text: Jean Weissenbach

question: Where did Weissenbach and his colleagues work?

answer: Genoscope

text: Genoscope


text: The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were developed. A trial blackout was held on 10 August 1939, and when Germany invaded Poland on 1 September a blackout began at sunset. Lights would not be allowed after dark for almost six years, and the blackout became by far the most unpopular aspect of the war for civilians, more than rationing.:51,106 The relocation of the government and the civil service was also planned, but would only have occurred if necessary so as not to damage civilian morale.:33

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: government

text: planned

text: to

text: voluntarily

text: evacuate

text: four

text: million

text: people

text: mostly

text: women

text: and

text: children

text: from

text: urban

text: areas

text: including

text: million

text: from

text: London

text: It

text: expected

text: about

text: of

text: evacuees

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: private

text: homes

text: and

text: conducted

text: an

text: extensive

text: survey

text: to

text: determine

text: available

text: space

text: Detailed

text: preparations

text: for

text: transporting

text: them

text: were

text: developed

text: A

text: trial

text: blackout

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: when

text: Germany

text: invaded

text: Poland

text: on

text: September

text: a

text: blackout

text: began

text: at

text: sunset

text: Lights

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: allowed

text: after

text: dark

text: for

text: almost

text: six

text: years

text: and

text: the

text: blackout

text: became

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: unpopular

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: for

text: civilians

text: more

text: than

text: The

text: relocation

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: was

text: also

text: planned

text: but

text: would

text: only

text: have

text: occurred

text: if

text: necessary

text: so

text: as

text: not

text: to

text: damage

text: civilian

question: The government planned to evacuate 1.4 million from which city?

answer: London

text: London

question: What trial took place on August 10 1939?

answer: a blackout

text: a blackout

question: What was most unpopular affect of the war with civilians ?

answer: the blackout

text: the blackout

question: How long were lights not allowed on after dark?

answer: almost six years

text: almost six years

question: Why did the government  and civil service not want to relocate during the war?

answer: damage civilian morale

text: damage civilian morale


text: On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: Tuvan

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: joined

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: as

text: the

text: Tuvan

text: Autonomous

text: Oblast

text: in

text: becoming

text: an

text: Autonomous

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republic

question: What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it joined the RSFSR?

answer: Tuvan Autonomous Oblast

text: Tuvan Autonomous Oblast

question: On what date did the Tuvan People's Republic join the Russian SFSR?

answer: October 11, 1944

text: October 11, 1944

question: What did the former Tuvan People's Republic become in 1961?

answer: an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

text: an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic


text: Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the largest number of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, who were found to be mostly Christians and members of traditional religions, with a small proportion of Muslims.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Among

text: Christians

text: the

text: Pew

text: Research

text: survey

text: found

text: that

text: were

text: Protestant

text: were

text: Catholic

text: and

text: belonged

text: to

text: other

text: Christian

text: denominations

text: including

text: a

text: small

text: Orthodox

text: Christian

text: community

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: major

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: the

text: Hausa

text: ethnic

text: group

text: predominant

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: Muslim

text: and

text: Christian

text: the

text: Yoruba

text: tribe

text: predominant

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: was

text: Muslim

text: Christian

text: and

text: adherents

text: of

text: other

text: religions

text: while

text: the

text: Igbos

text: predominant

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Ijaw

text: south

text: were

text: Christian

text: with

text: practising

text: traditional

text: religions

text: The

text: middle

text: belt

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: contains

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: minority

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: who

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: mostly

text: Christians

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: traditional

text: religions

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: proportion

text: of

text: Muslims

question: How many Nigerian Christians are Protestant?

answer: 74%

question: How many Nigerian Christians are Catholic?

answer: 25%

question: How many Nigerian Christians are Orthodox and other sects?

answer: 1%

question: Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?

answer: Hausa

text: Hausa

question: Which Eastern Nigerian tribe is 98% Christian?

answer: Igbos

text: Igbos


text: Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Catalan

text: has

text: inherited

text: the

text: typical

text: vowel

text: system

text: of

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: with

text: seven

text: stressed

text: phonemes

text: /a

text: ɛ

text: e

text: i

text: ɔ

text: o

text: u/

text: a

text: common

text: feature

text: in

text: Western

text: Romance

text: except

text: Spanish

text: Balearic

text: has

text: also

text: instances

text: of

text: stressed

text: /ə/.

text: Dialects

text: differ

text: in

text: the

text: different

text: degrees

text: of

text: vowel

text: reduction

text: and

text: the

text: incidence

text: of

text: the

text: pair

text: /ɛ

text: e/.

question: What is the vowel system of Catalan?

answer: Vulgar Latin

text: Vulgar Latin

question: How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Where is this system common?

answer: Western Romance

text: Western Romance

question: What language is the exception?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?

answer: Dialects

text: Dialects


text: When talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: When

text: talking

text: about

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: the

text: term

text: German

text: dialects

text: is

text: only

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: traditional

text: regional

text: varieties

text: That

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: regional

text: varieties

text: of

text: modern

text: standard

text: German

question: When is the term 'German dialects' used in regard to the German language?

answer: traditional regional varieties

text: traditional regional varieties

question: What are traditional region varieties of German distinguished from?

answer: the regional varieties of modern standard German

text: the regional varieties of modern standard German


text: The major opponent of Freemasonry was the Roman Catholic Church, so that in countries with a large Catholic element, such as France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico, much of the ferocity of the political battles involve the confrontation between what Davies calls the reactionary Church and enlightened Freemasonry. Even in France, Masons did not act as a group. American historians, while noting that Benjamin Franklin and George Washington were indeed active Masons, have downplayed the importance of Freemasonry in causing the American Revolution because the Masonic order was non-political and included both Patriots and their enemy the Loyalists.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: major

text: opponent

text: of

text: Freemasonry

text: was

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: so

text: that

text: in

text: countries

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: Catholic

text: element

text: such

text: as

text: France

text: Italy

text: Spain

text: and

text: Mexico

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: ferocity

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: battles

text: involve

text: the

text: confrontation

text: between

text: what

text: Davies

text: calls

text: the

text: reactionary

text: Church

text: and

text: enlightened

text: Freemasonry

text: Even

text: in

text: France

text: Masons

text: did

text: not

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: group

text: American

text: historians

text: while

text: noting

text: that

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: and

text: George

text: Washington

text: were

text: indeed

text: active

text: Masons

text: have

text: downplayed

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: Freemasonry

text: in

text: causing

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: because

text: the

text: Masonic

text: order

text: was

text: non

text: political

text: and

text: included

text: both

text: Patriots

text: and

text: their

text: enemy

text: the

text: Loyalists

question: Who was the major opponent to Freemasonry?

answer: Roman Catholic Church

text: Roman Catholic Church

question: Which countries had a large Catholic element and therefore had confrontation with Freemasons?

answer: France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico

text: France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico

question: Do American historians downplay or attribute the importance of Freemasonry in causing the American Revolution?

answer: downplay

text: downplay

question: Who was the political enemy of the Patriots?

answer: the Loyalists

text: the Loyalists

question: Were the Masons political or non-political in the American Revolution?

answer: non-political

text: non-political


text: There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others, ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock, which violated FDA regulations.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: There

text: has

text: been

text: extensive

text: use

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: in

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: emergence

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: resistant

text: bacterial

text: strains

text: due

text: to

text: use

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: in

text: livestock

text: was

text: raised

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: Food

text: and

text: Drug

text: Administration

text: FDA

text: in

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: Southern

text: District

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: ruling

text: in

text: an

text: action

text: brought

text: by

text: the

text: Natural

text: Resources

text: Defense

text: Council

text: and

text: others

text: ordered

text: the

text: FDA

text: to

text: revoke

text: approvals

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: in

text: livestock

text: which

text: violated

text: FDA

text: regulations

question: What besides sick people are antibiotics used for?

answer: animal husbandry

text: animal husbandry

question: When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals?

answer: 1977

question: When did a district court order the FDA to stop approving antibiotics in animals?

answer: March 2012

text: March 2012


text: Proteins are structural materials in much of the animal body (e.g. muscles, skin, and hair). They also form the enzymes that control chemical reactions throughout the body. Each protein molecule is composed of amino acids, which are characterized by inclusion of nitrogen and sometimes sulphur (these components are responsible for the distinctive smell of burning protein, such as the keratin in hair). The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins (protein retention) and to replace damaged proteins (maintenance). As there is no protein or amino acid storage provision, amino acids must be present in the diet. Excess amino acids are discarded, typically in the urine. For all animals, some amino acids are essential (an animal cannot produce them internally) and some are non-essential (the animal can produce them from other nitrogen-containing compounds). About twenty amino acids are found in the human body, and about ten of these are essential and, therefore, must be included in the diet. A diet that contains adequate amounts of amino acids (especially those that are essential) is particularly important in some situations: during early development and maturation, pregnancy, lactation, or injury (a burn, for instance). A complete protein source contains all the essential amino acids; an incomplete protein source lacks one or more of the essential amino acids.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Proteins

text: are

text: structural

text: materials

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: animal

text: body

text: e.g.

text: muscles

text: skin

text: and

text: hair

text: They

text: also

text: form

text: the

text: enzymes

text: that

text: control

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: throughout

text: the

text: body

text: Each

text: protein

text: molecule

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: amino

text: acids

text: which

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: inclusion

text: of

text: nitrogen

text: and

text: sometimes

text: sulphur

text: these

text: components

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: distinctive

text: smell

text: of

text: burning

text: protein

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: keratin

text: in

text: hair

text: The

text: body

text: requires

text: amino

text: acids

text: to

text: produce

text: new

text: proteins

text: protein

text: retention

text: and

text: to

text: replace

text: damaged

text: proteins

text: maintenance

text: As

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: protein

text: or

text: amino

text: acid

text: storage

text: provision

text: amino

text: acids

text: must

text: be

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: diet

text: Excess

text: amino

text: acids

text: are

text: discarded

text: typically

text: in

text: the

text: urine

text: For

text: all

text: animals

text: some

text: amino

text: acids

text: are

text: essential

text: an

text: animal

text: can

text: not

text: produce

text: them

text: internally

text: and

text: some

text: are

text: non

text: essential

text: the

text: animal

text: can

text: produce

text: them

text: from

text: other

text: nitrogen

text: containing

text: compounds

text: About

text: twenty

text: amino

text: acids

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: and

text: about

text: ten

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: essential

text: and

text: therefore

text: must

text: be

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: diet

text: A

text: diet

text: that

text: contains

text: adequate

text: amounts

text: of

text: amino

text: acids

text: especially

text: those

text: that

text: are

text: essential

text: is

text: particularly

text: important

text: in

text: some

text: situations

text: during

text: early

text: development

text: and

text: maturation

text: pregnancy

text: lactation

text: or

text: injury

text: a

text: burn

text: for

text: instance

text: A

text: complete

text: protein

text: source

text: contains

text: all

text: the

text: essential

text: amino

text: acids

text: an

text: incomplete

text: protein

text: source

text: lacks

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: essential

text: amino

text: acids

question: What primarily makes up the enzymes in our body that regulate the chemical reactions that occur?

answer: Proteins

text: Proteins

question: What is the primary component of every protein?

answer: amino acids

text: amino acids

question: What is the term that refers to the body process that produces new proteins?

answer: protein retention

text: protein retention

question: When the body no longer needs the amino acids that are present, through which excretion are they lost?

answer: urine

text: urine

question: Approximately how many amino acid types does the human body generally have?

answer: twenty

text: twenty


text: iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players". Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: iPods

text: have

text: won

text: several

text: awards

text: ranging

text: from

text: engineering

text: excellence,[not

text: in

text: citation

text: given

text: to

text: most

text: innovative

text: audio

text: product

text: to

text: fourth

text: best

text: computer

text: product

text: of

text: iPods

text: often

text: receive

text: favorable

text: reviews

text: scoring

text: on

text: looks

text: clean

text: design

text: and

text: ease

text: of

text: use

text: PC

text: World

text: says

text: that

text: iPod

text: line

text: has

text: altered

text: the

text: landscape

text: for

text: portable

text: audio

text: players

text: Several

text: industries

text: are

text: modifying

text: their

text: products

text: to

text: work

text: better

text: with

text: both

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: AAC

text: audio

text: format

text: Examples

text: include

text: CD

text: copy

text: protection

text: schemes

text: and

text: mobile

text: phones

text: such

text: as

text: phones

text: from

text: Sony

text: Ericsson

text: and

text: Nokia

text: which

text: play

text: AAC

text: files

text: rather

text: than

text: WMA

question: What rank did iPod achieve among various computer products in 2006?

answer: fourth

text: fourth

question: What kind of reviews do iPods tend to get?

answer: favorable

text: favorable

question: What two companies use the AAC format for music files?

answer: Sony Ericsson and Nokia

text: Sony Ericsson and Nokia

question: What file format is not supported by Sony Ericsson and Nokia?

answer: WMA

text: WMA

question: Which publication praised iPods for revolutionizing the industry?

answer: PC World

text: PC World

question: Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible?

answer: Sony Ericsson and Nokia

text: Sony Ericsson and Nokia

question: Which PC magazine praised the iPod for having "altered the landscape for portable audio players"?

answer: PC World

text: PC World