text: Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting Original Sin in view of the foreseen merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race. In Luke 1:47, Mary proclaims: "My spirit has rejoiced in God my Saviour." This is referred to as Mary's pre-redemption by Christ. Since the Second Council of Orange against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: Another

text: misunderstanding

text: is

text: that

text: by

text: her

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: Mary

text: did

text: not

text: need

text: a

text: saviour

text: When

text: defining

text: the

text: dogma

text: in

text: Ineffabilis

text: Deus

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IX

text: explicitly

text: affirmed

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: redeemed

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: more

text: sublime

text: He

text: stated

text: that

text: Mary

text: rather

text: than

text: being

text: cleansed

text: after

text: sin

text: was

text: completely

text: prevented

text: from

text: contracting

text: Original

text: Sin

text: in

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: foreseen

text: merits

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: the

text: Savior

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: race

text: In

text: Luke

text: Mary

text: proclaims

text: My

text: spirit

text: has

text: rejoiced

text: in

text: God

text: my

text: Saviour

text: This

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Mary

text: 's

text: pre

text: redemption

text: by

text: Christ

text: Since

text: the

text: Second

text: Council

text: of

text: Orange

text: against

text: semi

text: pelagianism

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: has

text: taught

text: that

text: even

text: had

text: man

text: never

text: sinned

text: in

text: the

text: Garden

text: of

text: Eden

text: and

text: was

text: sinless

text: he

text: would

text: still

text: require

text: God

text: 's

text: grace

text: to

text: remain

text: sinless

question: What was explained by the man  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti who later became leader of the Holy Roman Church ?

answer: dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime

text: dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime

question: What did Mary supposedly not require that everyone else also required and why was this so ?

answer: Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour

text: Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour

question: According to the teaching of the Catholic religion is a savior for the world needed ?

answer: Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.

text: Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.

question: What is the child of Mary known to be famous for according to  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti ?

answer: Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race.

text: Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race.


text: Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings who were converts to Buddhism (e.g. Menander). The Greeks in the regions therefore gradually become 'localized', adopting local customs as appropriate. In this way, hybrid 'Hellenistic' cultures naturally emerged, at least among the upper echelons of society.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Despite

text: their

text: initial

text: reluctance

text: the

text: Successors

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: later

text: deliberately

text: naturalized

text: themselves

text: to

text: their

text: different

text: regions

text: presumably

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: help

text: maintain

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: In

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: kingdom

text: we

text: find

text: some

text: Egyptianized

text: Greeks

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: The

text: Indo

text: Greek

text: kingdom

text: we

text: find

text: kings

text: who

text: were

text: converts

text: to

text: Buddhism

text: e.g.

text: Menander

text: The

text: Greeks

text: in

text: the

text: regions

text: therefore

text: gradually

text: become

text: localized

text: adopting

text: local

text: customs

text: as

text: appropriate

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: hybrid

text: Hellenistic

text: cultures

text: naturally

text: emerged

text: at

text: least

text: among

text: the

text: upper

text: echelons

text: of

text: society

question: Menander converted to what religion?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

question: Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century?

answer: 2nd

question: Greeks adopted what from local cultures?

answer: customs

text: customs


text: Historians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that "China’s nineteenth-century humiliations were strongly related to her weakness and failure at sea. At the start of the Opium War, China had no unified navy and no sense of how vulnerable she was to attack from the sea; British forces sailed and steamed wherever they wanted to go......In the Arrow War (1856–60), the Chinese had no way to prevent the Anglo-French expedition of 1860 from sailing into the Gulf of Zhili and landing as near as possible to Beijing. Meanwhile, new but not exactly modern Chinese armies suppressed the midcentury rebellions, bluffed Russia into a peaceful settlement of disputed frontiers in Central Asia, and defeated the French forces on land in the Sino-French War (1884–85). But the defeat of the fleet, and the resulting threat to steamship traffic to Taiwan, forced China to conclude peace on unfavorable terms."

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Historians

text: have

text: judged

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: vulnerability

text: and

text: weakness

text: to

text: foreign

text: imperialism

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: mainly

text: on

text: its

text: maritime

text: naval

text: weakness

text: while

text: it

text: achieved

text: military

text: success

text: against

text: westerners

text: on

text: land

text: the

text: historian

text: Edward

text: L.

text: Dreyer

text: said

text: that

text: China

text: ’s

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: humiliations

text: were

text: strongly

text: related

text: to

text: her

text: weakness

text: and

text: failure

text: at

text: sea

text: At

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Opium

text: War

text: China

text: had

text: no

text: unified

text: navy

text: and

text: no

text: sense

text: of

text: how

text: vulnerable

text: she

text: was

text: to

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: British

text: forces

text: sailed

text: and

text: steamed

text: wherever

text: they

text: wanted

text: to

text: go

text: In

text: the

text: Arrow

text: War

text: the

text: Chinese

text: had

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: Anglo

text: French

text: expedition

text: of

text: from

text: sailing

text: into

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Zhili

text: and

text: landing

text: as

text: near

text: as

text: possible

text: to

text: Beijing

text: Meanwhile

text: new

text: but

text: not

text: exactly

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: armies

text: suppressed

text: the

text: midcentury

text: rebellions

text: bluffed

text: Russia

text: into

text: a

text: peaceful

text: settlement

text: of

text: disputed

text: frontiers

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: on

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: Sino

text: French

text: War

text: But

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: fleet

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: threat

text: to

text: steamship

text: traffic

text: to

text: Taiwan

text: forced

text: China

text: to

text: conclude

text: peace

text: on

text: unfavorable

text: terms

question: What was the main problem the Qing had in preventing invasion from Europe?

answer: naval weakness

text: naval weakness

question: When was the Arrow War?

answer: (1856–60)

question: Where did the French and English land in 1860?

answer: Gulf of Zhili

text: Gulf of Zhili

question: Which historian blamed naval weakness for European imperialism in China?

answer: Edward L. Dreyer

text: Edward L. Dreyer


text: Drinking chilled beer began with the development of artificial refrigeration and by the 1870s, was spread in those countries that concentrated on brewing pale lager. Chilling beer makes it more refreshing, though below 15.5 °C the chilling starts to reduce taste awareness and reduces it significantly below 10 °C (50 °F). Beer served unchilled—either cool or at room temperature, reveal more of their flavours. Cask Marque, a non-profit UK beer organisation, has set a temperature standard range of 12°–14 °C (53°–57 °F) for cask ales to be served.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Drinking

text: chilled

text: beer

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: artificial

text: refrigeration

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: was

text: spread

text: in

text: those

text: countries

text: that

text: concentrated

text: on

text: brewing

text: pale

text: lager

text: Chilling

text: beer

text: makes

text: it

text: more

text: refreshing

text: though

text: below

text: C

text: the

text: chilling

text: starts

text: to

text: reduce

text: taste

text: awareness

text: and

text: reduces

text: it

text: significantly

text: below

text: C

text: F

text: Beer

text: served

text: unchilled

text: either

text: cool

text: or

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: reveal

text: more

text: of

text: their

text: flavours

text: Cask

text: Marque

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: UK

text: beer

text: organisation

text: has

text: set

text: a

text: temperature

text: standard

text: range

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: for

text: cask

text: ales

text: to

text: be

text: served

question: What technology support the drinking of chilled beer?

answer: artificial refrigeration

text: artificial refrigeration

question: At what cool temperature is a beers flavor reduced?

answer: below 15.5 °C

text: below 15.5 °C

question: When is a beer at its most flavorful?

answer: unchilled

text: unchilled

question: What country is the organisation Cask Marque located?

answer: UK

text: UK

question: In what decade did drinking chilled pale lager become popular?

answer: the 1870s

text: the 1870s


text: A culinary staple of North Carolina is pork barbecue. There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue. The common trend across Western North Carolina is the use of premium grade Boston butt. Western North Carolina pork barbecue uses a tomato-based sauce, and only the pork shoulder (dark meat) is used. Western North Carolina barbecue is commonly referred to as Lexington barbecue after the Piedmont Triad town of Lexington, home of the Lexington Barbecue Festival, which attracts over 100,000 visitors each October. Eastern North Carolina pork barbecue uses a vinegar-and-red-pepper-based sauce and the "whole hog" is cooked, thus integrating both white and dark meat.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: A

text: culinary

text: staple

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: pork

text: barbecue

text: There

text: are

text: strong

text: regional

text: differences

text: and

text: rivalries

text: over

text: the

text: sauces

text: and

text: methods

text: used

text: in

text: making

text: the

text: barbecue

text: The

text: common

text: trend

text: across

text: Western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: premium

text: grade

text: Boston

text: butt

text: Western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: pork

text: barbecue

text: uses

text: a

text: tomato

text: based

text: sauce

text: and

text: only

text: the

text: pork

text: shoulder

text: dark

text: meat

text: is

text: used

text: Western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: barbecue

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Lexington

text: barbecue

text: after

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: Triad

text: town

text: of

text: Lexington

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Lexington

text: Barbecue

text: Festival

text: which

text: attracts

text: over

text: visitors

text: each

text: October

text: Eastern

text: North

text: Carolina

text: pork

text: barbecue

text: uses

text: a

text: vinegar

text: and

text: red

text: pepper

text: based

text: sauce

text: and

text: the

text: whole

text: hog

text: is

text: cooked

text: thus

text: integrating

text: both

text: white

text: and

text: dark

text: meat

question: What is a culinary staple of North Carolina?

answer: pork barbecue

text: pork barbecue

question: What cut of pork do those in western North carolina prefer for BBQ?

answer: Boston butt

text: Boston butt

question: What is another name for Western North Carolina Barbecue?

answer: Lexington barbecue

text: Lexington barbecue

question: What cut of pork do those in Western North Carolina prefer for BBQ?

answer: pork shoulder

text: pork shoulder

question: How many people visit the lexington Barbecue festival each year?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000


text: The ASA standard underwent a major revision in 1960 with ASA PH2.5-1960, when the method to determine film speed was refined and previously applied safety factors against under-exposure were abandoned, effectively doubling the nominal speed of many black-and-white negative films. For example, an Ilford HP3 that had been rated at 200 ASA before 1960 was labeled 400 ASA afterwards without any change to the emulsion. Similar changes were applied to the DIN system with DIN 4512:1961-10 and the BS system with BS 1380:1963 in the following years.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: ASA

text: standard

text: underwent

text: a

text: major

text: revision

text: in

text: with

text: ASA

text: when

text: the

text: method

text: to

text: determine

text: film

text: speed

text: was

text: refined

text: and

text: previously

text: applied

text: safety

text: factors

text: against

text: under

text: exposure

text: were

text: abandoned

text: effectively

text: doubling

text: the

text: nominal

text: speed

text: of

text: many

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: negative

text: films

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: Ilford

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: rated

text: at

text: ASA

text: before

text: was

text: labeled

text: ASA

text: afterwards

text: without

text: any

text: change

text: to

text: the

text: emulsion

text: Similar

text: changes

text: were

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: DIN

text: system

text: with

text: DIN

text: and

text: the

text: BS

text: system

text: with

text: BS

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: years

question: In what year were big changes made to the ANSI?

answer: 1960

question: What did the 1960 changes to film speed measures lead to?

answer: effectively doubling the nominal speed of many black-and-white negative films

text: effectively doubling the nominal speed of many black-and-white negative films

question: Which other system were these changes applied to?

answer: the DIN system

text: the DIN system

question: In what year was the BS system modified?

answer: 1963

question: What safety factors were done away with beginning with the modifications to the standards?

answer: safety factors against under-exposure

text: safety factors against under-exposure


text: To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the name of Nasser's pan-Arabism. Other coups influenced by Nasser included those that occurred in Iraq in July 1958 and Syria in 1963. Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the Libyan monarchy in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs". Also in 1969, Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, a supporter of Nasser, took power in Sudan. The Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) helped spread Nasser's pan-Arabist ideas throughout the Arab world, particularly among the Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese, and in South Yemen, the Persian Gulf, and Iraq. While many regional heads of state tried to emulate Nasser, Podeh opined that the "parochialism" of successive Arab leaders "transformed imitation [of Nasser] into parody".

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: To

text: varying

text: degrees

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: statist

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: was

text: continued

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: emulated

text: by

text: virtually

text: all

text: Arab

text: republics

text: namely

text: Algeria

text: Syria

text: Iraq

text: Tunisia

text: Yemen

text: Sudan

text: and

text: Libya

text: Ahmed

text: Ben

text: Bella

text: Algeria

text: 's

text: first

text: president

text: was

text: a

text: staunch

text: Nasserist

text: Abdullah

text: al

text: Sallal

text: drove

text: out

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: North

text: Yemen

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: pan

text: Arabism

text: Other

text: coups

text: influenced

text: by

text: Nasser

text: included

text: those

text: that

text: occurred

text: in

text: Iraq

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: Syria

text: in

text: Muammar

text: Gaddafi

text: who

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Libyan

text: monarchy

text: in

text: considered

text: Nasser

text: his

text: hero

text: and

text: sought

text: to

text: succeed

text: him

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Arabs

text: Also

text: in

text: Colonel

text: Gaafar

text: Nimeiry

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: Nasser

text: took

text: power

text: in

text: Sudan

text: The

text: Arab

text: Nationalist

text: Movement

text: ANM

text: helped

text: spread

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: pan

text: Arabist

text: ideas

text: throughout

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: particularly

text: among

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: Syrians

text: and

text: Lebanese

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: Yemen

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: Iraq

text: While

text: many

text: regional

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: tried

text: to

text: emulate

text: Nasser

text: Podeh

text: opined

text: that

text: the

text: parochialism

text: of

text: successive

text: Arab

text: leaders

text: transformed

text: imitation

text: of

text: Nasser

text: into

text: parody

question: Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist?

answer: Ben Bella

text: Ben Bella

question: What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?

answer: Abdullah al-Sallal

text: Abdullah al-Sallal

question: Which leader considered Nasser his hero?

answer: Muammar Gaddafi

text: Muammar Gaddafi

question: What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser?

answer: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry

text: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry

question: What organization continued Nasser's philosophies?

answer: Arab Nationalist Movement

text: Arab Nationalist Movement


text: In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign. In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: late

text: Gen.

text: J.

text: Lawton

text: Collins

text: was

text: made

text: ambassador

text: to

text: Free

text: Vietnam

text: the

text: term

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: came

text: into

text: use

text: in

text: effectively

text: elevating

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: sovereign

text: status

text: Collins

text: instructions

text: were

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: leader

text: Ngo

text: Dinh

text: Diem

text: in

text: subverting

text: communism

text: by

text: helping

text: him

text: to

text: build

text: an

text: army

text: and

text: wage

text: a

text: military

text: campaign

text: In

text: February

text: Eisenhower

text: dispatched

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: soldiers

text: to

text: Vietnam

text: as

text: military

text: advisors

text: to

text: Diem

text: 's

text: army

text: After

text: Diem

text: announced

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: RVN

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: October

text: Eisenhower

text: immediately

text: recognized

text: the

text: new

text: state

text: and

text: offered

text: military

text: economic

text: and

text: technical

text: assistance

question: What was South Vietnam called in 1955?

answer: Free Vietnam

text: Free Vietnam

question: Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam?

answer: J. Lawton Collins

text: J. Lawton Collins

question: When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam?

answer: February 1955

text: February 1955

question: Who was the leader of South Vietnam in 1954?

answer: Ngo Dinh Diem

text: Ngo Dinh Diem

question: Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam?

answer: Republic of Vietnam

text: Republic of Vietnam


text: Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene. Similarly, a meta-analysis of numerous studies on improving water supply and sanitation shows a 22–27% reduction in disease incidence, and a 21–30% reduction in mortality rate associated with diarrheal disease.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: Given

text: that

text: water

text: contamination

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: means

text: of

text: transmitting

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: efforts

text: to

text: provide

text: clean

text: water

text: supply

text: and

text: improved

text: sanitation

text: have

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: dramatically

text: cut

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: disease

text: incidence

text: In

text: fact

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: proposed

text: that

text: we

text: might

text: expect

text: an

text: reduction

text: in

text: child

text: mortality

text: resulting

text: from

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: improved

text: water

text: sanitation

text: and

text: hygiene

text: Similarly

text: a

text: meta

text: analysis

text: of

text: numerous

text: studies

text: on

text: improving

text: water

text: supply

text: and

text: sanitation

text: shows

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: disease

text: incidence

text: and

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: mortality

text: rate

text: associated

text: with

text: diarrheal

text: disease

question: What is a major means of the spread of diarrhea disease?

answer: water contamination

text: water contamination

question: What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents?

answer: clean water supply and improved sanitation

text: clean water supply and improved sanitation

question: What would be the reduction in deisease incedence if there was better water and sanitation?

answer: 22–27% reduction in disease incidence

text: 22–27% reduction in disease incidence


text: The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust (trust). The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty," and its trustees are Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals"—it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: The

text: foundation

text: explains

text: on

text: its

text: website

text: that

text: its

text: trustees

text: divided

text: the

text: organization

text: into

text: two

text: entities

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: foundation

text: and

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: Trust

text: trust

text: The

text: foundation

text: section

text: based

text: in

text: Seattle

text: US

text: focuses

text: on

text: improving

text: health

text: and

text: alleviating

text: extreme

text: poverty

text: and

text: its

text: trustees

text: are

text: Bill

text: and

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: and

text: Warren

text: Buffett

text: The

text: trust

text: section

text: manages

text: the

text: investment

text: assets

text: and

text: transfer

text: proceeds

text: to

text: the

text: foundation

text: as

text: necessary

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: foundation

text: 's

text: charitable

text: goals

text: it

text: holds

text: the

text: assets

text: of

text: Bill

text: and

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: who

text: are

text: the

text: sole

text: trustees

text: and

text: receives

text: contributions

text: from

text: Buffett

question: What two entities was the foundation divided into

answer: trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust

text: trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust

question: What does the foundation entity focus on

answer: The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty

text: The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty

question: What does the Trust entity focus on

answer: The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals

text: The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals

question: What is held in the trust entity

answer: it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett

text: it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett


text: Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Compaq

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: held

text: the

text: third

text: place

text: spot

text: among

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: mid

text: initiated

text: a

text: successful

text: price

text: war

text: in

text: that

text: vaulted

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: biggest

text: by

text: the

text: year

text: end

text: overtaking

text: a

text: struggling

text: IBM

text: and

text: relegating

text: Apple

text: to

text: third

text: place

text: Apple

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: further

text: struggled

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Windows

text: operating

text: system

text: which

text: unified

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: formerly

text: separate

text: MS

text: DOS

text: and

text: Windows

text: products

text: Windows

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: the

text: multimedia

text: capability

text: and

text: performance

text: of

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: computers

text: and

text: brought

text: the

text: capabilities

text: of

text: Windows

text: to

text: parity

text: with

text: the

text: Mac

text: OS

text: GUI

question: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?

answer: Compaq

text: Compaq

question: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?

answer: IBM

text: IBM

question: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 95?

answer: struggled

text: struggled

question: What unified Microsoft's MS-DOS and Windows products?

answer: Windows 95

text: Windows 95

question: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC compatible computers?

answer: Windows 95

text: Windows 95


text: Renewable energy is also the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources. As the cost of renewable power falls, the scope of economically viable applications increases. Renewable technologies are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity. Where "oil-fired generation is the predominant power generation source (e.g. on islands, off-grid and in some countries) a lower-cost renewable solution almost always exists today". As of 2012, renewable power generation technologies accounted for around half of all new power generation capacity additions globally. In 2011, additions included 41 gigawatt (GW) of new wind power capacity, 30 GW of PV, 25 GW of hydro-electricity, 6 GW of biomass, 0.5 GW of CSP, and 0.1 GW of geothermal power.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: economic

text: solution

text: for

text: new

text: grid

text: connected

text: capacity

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: good

text: resources

text: As

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: renewable

text: power

text: falls

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: economically

text: viable

text: applications

text: increases

text: Renewable

text: technologies

text: are

text: now

text: often

text: the

text: most

text: economic

text: solution

text: for

text: new

text: generating

text: capacity

text: Where

text: oil

text: fired

text: generation

text: is

text: the

text: predominant

text: power

text: generation

text: source

text: e.g.

text: on

text: islands

text: off

text: grid

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: a

text: lower

text: cost

text: renewable

text: solution

text: almost

text: always

text: exists

text: today

text: As

text: of

text: renewable

text: power

text: generation

text: technologies

text: accounted

text: for

text: around

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: new

text: power

text: generation

text: capacity

text: additions

text: globally

text: In

text: additions

text: included

text: gigawatt

text: GW

text: of

text: new

text: wind

text: power

text: capacity

text: GW

text: of

text: PV

text: GW

text: of

text: hydro

text: electricity

text: GW

text: of

text: biomass

text: GW

text: of

text: CSP

text: and

text: GW

text: of

text: geothermal

text: power

question: What is the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources?

answer: Renewable energy

text: Renewable energy

question: What happens as the scope of economically viable applications increases?

answer: the cost of renewable power falls

text: the cost of renewable power falls

question: What are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity?

answer: Renewable technologies

text: Renewable technologies


text: As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed] This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: As

text: a

text: defining

text: aspect

text: of

text: what

text: it

text: means

text: to

text: be

text: human

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: central

text: concept

text: in

text: anthropology

text: encompassing

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: phenomena

text: that

text: are

text: transmitted

text: through

text: social

text: learning

text: in

text: human

text: societies

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: general

text: sense

text: as

text: the

text: evolved

text: ability

text: to

text: categorize

text: and

text: represent

text: experiences

text: with

text: symbols

text: and

text: to

text: act

text: imaginatively

text: and

text: creatively

text: This

text: ability

text: arose

text: with

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: behavioral

text: modernity

text: in

text: humans

text: around

text: years

text: ago.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: capacity

text: is

text: often

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: unique

text: to

text: humans

text: although

text: some

text: other

text: species

text: have

text: demonstrated

text: similar

text: though

text: much

text: less

text: complex

text: abilities

text: for

text: social

text: learning

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: complex

text: networks

text: of

text: practices

text: and

text: accumulated

text: knowledge

text: and

text: ideas

text: that

text: is

text: transmitted

text: through

text: social

text: interaction

text: and

text: exist

text: in

text: specific

text: human

text: groups

text: or

text: cultures

text: using

text: the

text: plural

text: form

text: Some

text: aspects

text: of

text: human

text: behavior

text: such

text: as

text: language

text: social

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: kinship

text: gender

text: and

text: marriage

text: expressive

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: art

text: music

text: dance

text: ritual

text: religion

text: and

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: cooking

text: shelter

text: clothing

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: cultural

text: universals

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: human

text: societies

text: The

text: concept

text: material

text: culture

text: covers

text: the

text: physical

text: expressions

text: of

text: culture

text: such

text: as

text: technology

text: architecture

text: and

text: art

text: whereas

text: the

text: immaterial

text: aspects

text: of

text: culture

text: such

text: as

text: principles

text: of

text: social

text: organization

text: including

text: practices

text: of

text: political

text: organization

text: and

text: social

text: institutions

text: mythology

text: philosophy

text: literature

text: both

text: written

text: and

text: oral

text: and

text: science

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: intangible

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: of

text: a

text: society

question: Around when were humans able to understand to some degree what culture really meant?

answer: 50,000 years ago

text: 50,000 years ago

question: Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today.

answer: kinship, gender and marriage

text: kinship, gender and marriage

question: What does the term "concept material culture" cover?

answer: technology, architecture and art

text: technology, architecture and art


text: Software developers can't test everything, but they can use combinatorial test design to identify the minimum number of tests needed to get the coverage they want. Combinatorial test design enables users to get greater test coverage with fewer tests. Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combinatorial test design methods to build structured variation into their test cases. Note that "coverage", as used here, is referring to combinatorial coverage, not requirements coverage.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Software

text: developers

text: ca

text: n't

text: test

text: everything

text: but

text: they

text: can

text: use

text: combinatorial

text: test

text: design

text: to

text: identify

text: the

text: minimum

text: number

text: of

text: tests

text: needed

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: coverage

text: they

text: want

text: Combinatorial

text: test

text: design

text: enables

text: users

text: to

text: get

text: greater

text: test

text: coverage

text: with

text: fewer

text: tests

text: Whether

text: they

text: are

text: looking

text: for

text: speed

text: or

text: test

text: depth

text: they

text: can

text: use

text: combinatorial

text: test

text: design

text: methods

text: to

text: build

text: structured

text: variation

text: into

text: their

text: test

text: cases

text: Note

text: that

text: coverage

text: as

text: used

text: here

text: is

text: referring

text: to

text: combinatorial

text: coverage

text: not

text: requirements

text: coverage

question: Although software developers are unable to test everything, what do they run to keep the testing to a minimum?

answer: use combinatorial test design

text: use combinatorial test design

question: What does the use of combinatorial testing consist of?

answer: get greater test coverage with fewer tests

text: get greater test coverage with fewer tests

question: What two types of testing are involved with combinatorial testing as mentioned here?

answer: speed or test depth

text: speed or test depth


text: Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: Near

text: infrared

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: closest

text: in

text: wavelength

text: to

text: the

text: radiation

text: detectable

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: mid-

text: and

text: far

text: infrared

text: are

text: progressively

text: further

text: from

text: the

text: visible

text: spectrum

text: Other

text: definitions

text: follow

text: different

text: physical

text: mechanisms

text: emission

text: peaks

text: vs.

text: bands

text: water

text: absorption

text: and

text: the

text: newest

text: follow

text: technical

text: reasons

text: the

text: common

text: silicon

text: detectors

text: are

text: sensitive

text: to

text: about

text: nm

text: while

text: InGaAs

text: 's

text: sensitivity

text: starts

text: around

text: nm

text: and

text: ends

text: between

text: and

text: nm

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: specific

text: configuration

text: Unfortunately

text: international

text: standards

text: for

text: these

text: specifications

text: are

text: not

text: currently

text: available

question: What is the nearest wavelength to the radiation that a human eye can see?

answer: Near-infrared

text: Near-infrared

question: Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define near-infrared?

answer: water absorption

text: water absorption

question: In micrometers, when do common silicon detectors cease to be sensitive?

answer: 1,050

question: What is the lowest level of sensitivity, in micrometers, for InGaAs?

answer: 950


text: In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International.[not in citation given][better source needed] Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: In

text: Indira

text: Gandhi

text: International

text: Airport

text: IGIA

text: was

text: conferred

text: the

text: fourth

text: best

text: airport

text: award

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: million

text: category

text: and

text: Best

text: Improved

text: Airport

text: in

text: the

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: Region

text: by

text: Airports

text: Council

text: International

text: The

text: airport

text: was

text: rated

text: as

text: the

text: Best

text: airport

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: million

text: passengers

text: category

text: in

text: by

text: Airports

text: Council

text: International.[not

text: in

text: citation

text: given][better

text: source

text: needed

text: Delhi

text: Airport

text: also

text: bags

text: two

text: awards

text: for

text: The

text: Best

text: Airport

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: India

text: and

text: Best

text: Airport

text: Staff

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: India

text: at

text: the

text: Skytrax

text: World

text: Airport

text: Awards

question: In what year did Indira Gandhi International Airport earn an award for being forth best airport in the world in the 15-25 million category?

answer: 2010

question: What organization is responsible for awarding Indira Gandhi International Airport as Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region?

answer: Airports Council International

text: Airports Council International

question: What year did Indira Gandhi International Airport win an award for Best airport in the world in the 25-40 million passenger category?

answer: 2015

question: How many awards did Indira Gandhi International Airport win at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015?

answer: two

text: two

question: In 2015, the Airports Council International gave what award to Indira Gandhi International Airport?

answer: Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category

text: Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category


text: The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727). The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: The

text: baroque

text: style

text: had

text: never

text: truly

text: been

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: taste

text: Four

text: influential

text: books

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: which

text: highlighted

text: the

text: simplicity

text: and

text: purity

text: of

text: classical

text: architecture

text: Vitruvius

text: Britannicus

text: Colen

text: Campbell

text: Palladio

text: 's

text: Four

text: Books

text: of

text: Architecture

text: De

text: Re

text: Aedificatoria

text: and

text: The

text: Designs

text: of

text: Inigo

text: Jones

text: with

text: Some

text: Additional

text: Designs

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: was

text: the

text: four

text: volume

text: Vitruvius

text: Britannicus

text: by

text: Colen

text: Campbell

text: The

text: book

text: contained

text: architectural

text: prints

text: of

text: famous

text: British

text: buildings

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: great

text: architects

text: from

text: Vitruvius

text: to

text: Palladio

text: At

text: first

text: the

text: book

text: mainly

text: featured

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Inigo

text: Jones

text: but

text: the

text: later

text: tomes

text: contained

text: drawings

text: and

text: plans

text: by

text: Campbell

text: and

text: other

text: century

text: architects

text: Palladian

text: architecture

text: became

text: well

text: established

text: in

text: century

text: Britain

question: What century were most four influential books published?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century

question: Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus?

answer: Colen Campbell

text: Colen Campbell

question: In what century did Palladian architecture become well established?

answer: 18th-century

question: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?

answer: 1727


text: From a military standpoint, lighting is a critical part of the battlefield conditions. Shadows are good places to hide, while bright areas are more exposed. It is often beneficial to fight with the Sun or other light source behind you, giving your enemy disturbing visual glare and partially hiding your own movements in backlight. If natural light is not present searchlights and flares can be used. However the use of light may disclose your own hidden position and modern warfare have seen increased use of night vision through the use of infrared cameras and image intensifiers.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: From

text: a

text: military

text: standpoint

text: lighting

text: is

text: a

text: critical

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: battlefield

text: conditions

text: Shadows

text: are

text: good

text: places

text: to

text: hide

text: while

text: bright

text: areas

text: are

text: more

text: exposed

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: beneficial

text: to

text: fight

text: with

text: the

text: Sun

text: or

text: other

text: light

text: source

text: behind

text: you

text: giving

text: your

text: enemy

text: disturbing

text: visual

text: glare

text: and

text: partially

text: hiding

text: your

text: own

text: movements

text: in

text: backlight

text: If

text: natural

text: light

text: is

text: not

text: present

text: searchlights

text: and

text: flares

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: However

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: light

text: may

text: disclose

text: your

text: own

text: hidden

text: position

text: and

text: modern

text: warfare

text: have

text: seen

text: increased

text: use

text: of

text: night

text: vision

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: infrared

text: cameras

text: and

text: image

text: intensifiers

question: In a battlefield does not have natural light what could you use instead?

answer: searchlights and flares

text: searchlights and flares

question: The use of what may disclose your own hidden position on a battlefield?

answer: light

text: light

question: Modern warfare has seen the increased use of what?

answer: infrared cameras

text: infrared cameras


text: In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: October

text: six

text: months

text: after

text: Fryderyk

text: 's

text: birth

text: the

text: family

text: moved

text: to

text: Warsaw

text: where

text: his

text: father

text: acquired

text: a

text: post

text: teaching

text: French

text: at

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Lyceum

text: then

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: Saxon

text: Palace

text: Fryderyk

text: lived

text: with

text: his

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: Palace

text: grounds

text: The

text: father

text: played

text: the

text: flute

text: and

text: violin

text: the

text: mother

text: played

text: the

text: piano

text: and

text: gave

text: lessons

text: to

text: boys

text: in

text: the

text: boarding

text: house

text: that

text: the

text: Chopins

text: kept

text: Chopin

text: was

text: of

text: slight

text: build

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: early

text: childhood

text: was

text: prone

text: to

text: illnesses

question: During what month did Frédéric move to Warsaw with his family?

answer: October

text: October

question: What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw?

answer: French

text: French

question: Where did Frédéric live with his family while they were in Warsaw?

answer: the Palace grounds

text: the Palace grounds

question: What two instruments did Frédéric's father play during this time?

answer: flute and violin

text: flute and violin

question: What was Frédéric prone to during early childhood as a result of his slight build?

answer: illnesses

text: illnesses

question: When did Chopin's family move to Warsaw?

answer: October 1810

text: October 1810

question: Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position?

answer: Warsaw Lyceum

text: Warsaw Lyceum

question: What instruments did Chopin's father play?

answer: flute and violin

text: flute and violin

question: What instrument did Chopin's mother teach?

answer: piano

text: piano

question: How old was Chopin when his family moved to Warsaw?

answer: six months

text: six months

question: What language did Chopin's father teach?

answer: French

text: French

question: What two instruments did Chopin's father play?

answer: flute and violin

text: flute and violin

question: What instrument did Chopin's mother teach at the boarding house?

answer: piano

text: piano

question: Where did Chopin live with his family in Warsaw?

answer: Saxon Palace.

text: Saxon Palace.


text: A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents a month of 31 days, and a space represents a short month (a 28- or 29-day February or any 30-day month). The junction between the hands is not counted, so the two index knuckles represent July and August.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: A

text: language

text: independent

text: alternative

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: is

text: to

text: hold

text: up

text: one

text: 's

text: two

text: fists

text: with

text: the

text: index

text: knuckle

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: against

text: the

text: index

text: knuckle

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: hand

text: Then

text: starting

text: with

text: January

text: from

text: the

text: little

text: knuckle

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: count

text: knuckle

text: space

text: knuckle

text: space

text: through

text: the

text: months

text: A

text: knuckle

text: represents

text: a

text: month

text: of

text: days

text: and

text: a

text: space

text: represents

text: a

text: short

text: month

text: a

text: or

text: February

text: or

text: any

text: month

text: The

text: junction

text: between

text: the

text: hands

text: is

text: not

text: counted

text: so

text: the

text: two

text: index

text: knuckles

text: represent

text: July

text: and

text: August

question: Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months?

answer: language-independent

text: language-independent

question: A knuckle count is a month of how many days?

answer: 31

question: The space between knuckles is what kind of month?

answer: short month

text: short month

question: What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?

answer: one's two fists

text: one's two fists


text: Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Spanish

text: mendicants

text: in

text: the

text: sixteenth

text: century

text: taught

text: indigenous

text: scribes

text: in

text: their

text: communities

text: to

text: write

text: their

text: languages

text: in

text: Latin

text: letters

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: local

text: level

text: documents

text: in

text: Nahuatl

text: Zapotec

text: Mixtec

text: and

text: Yucatec

text: Maya

text: from

text: the

text: colonial

text: era

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: lawsuits

text: and

text: other

text: legal

text: matters

text: Although

text: Spaniards

text: initially

text: taught

text: indigenous

text: scribes

text: alphabetic

text: writing

text: the

text: tradition

text: became

text: self

text: perpetuating

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: The

text: Spanish

text: crown

text: gathered

text: such

text: documentation

text: and

text: contemporary

text: Spanish

text: translations

text: were

text: made

text: for

text: legal

text: cases

text: Scholars

text: have

text: translated

text: and

text: analyzed

text: these

text: documents

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: New

text: Philology

text: to

text: write

text: histories

text: of

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: from

text: indigenous

text: viewpoints

question: When were indigenous scribes taught to use Latin letters?

answer: the sixteenth century

text: the sixteenth century

question: Who taught indigenous scribes to write their languages?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: What were a large number of the local documents in regards to?

answer: lawsuits and other legal matters

text: lawsuits and other legal matters

question: What were Spanish translations at the time made for?

answer: legal cases

text: legal cases

question: What viewpoint have scholars translated and analyzed documents to writes histories from?

answer: indigenous

text: indigenous


text: Predatory animals often use their usual methods of attacking prey to inflict or to threaten grievous injury to their own predators. The electric eel uses the same electric current to kill prey and to defend itself against animals (anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats) that ordinarily prey upon fish similar to an electric eel in size; the electric eel thus remains an apex predator in a predator-rich environment. A predator small enough to be prey for others, the domestic cat uses its formidable teeth and claws as weapons against animals that might confuse a cat with easier prey. Many non-predatory prey animals, such as a zebra, can give a strong kick that can maim or kill, while others charge with tusks or horns.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: Predatory

text: animals

text: often

text: use

text: their

text: usual

text: methods

text: of

text: attacking

text: prey

text: to

text: inflict

text: or

text: to

text: threaten

text: grievous

text: injury

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: predators

text: The

text: electric

text: eel

text: uses

text: the

text: same

text: electric

text: current

text: to

text: kill

text: prey

text: and

text: to

text: defend

text: itself

text: against

text: animals

text: anacondas

text: caimans

text: egrets

text: jaguars

text: mountain

text: lions

text: giant

text: otters

text: humans

text: dogs

text: and

text: cats

text: that

text: ordinarily

text: prey

text: upon

text: fish

text: similar

text: to

text: an

text: electric

text: eel

text: in

text: size

text: the

text: electric

text: eel

text: thus

text: remains

text: an

text: apex

text: predator

text: in

text: a

text: predator

text: rich

text: environment

text: A

text: predator

text: small

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: prey

text: for

text: others

text: the

text: domestic

text: cat

text: uses

text: its

text: formidable

text: teeth

text: and

text: claws

text: as

text: weapons

text: against

text: animals

text: that

text: might

text: confuse

text: a

text: cat

text: with

text: easier

text: prey

text: Many

text: non

text: predatory

text: prey

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: zebra

text: can

text: give

text: a

text: strong

text: kick

text: that

text: can

text: maim

text: or

text: kill

text: while

text: others

text: charge

text: with

text: tusks

text: or

text: horns

question: What are some predators of the electric eel?

answer: (anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats

text: (anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats

question: What defense does a zebra have against predators?

answer: strong kick that can maim or kill

text: strong kick that can maim or kill

question: What defenses does a domestic cat have against predators?

answer: formidable teeth and claws

text: formidable teeth and claws

question: The electric eel uses electric shock for defense and what other purpose?

answer: to kill prey

text: to kill prey


text: Notable alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: Notable

text: alumni

text: include

text: Alan

text: Mulally

text: BS

text: MS

text: former

text: President

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: Ford

text: Motor

text: Company

text: Lou

text: Montulli

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: Netscape

text: and

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: Lynx

text: web

text: browser

text: Brian

text: McClendon

text: BSEE

text: VP

text: of

text: Engineering

text: at

text: Google

text: Charles

text: E.

text: Spahr

text: former

text: CEO

text: of

text: Standard

text: Oil

text: of

text: Ohio

question: What former leader of a car manufacturing company attended KU?

answer: Alan Mulally

text: Alan Mulally

question: Which person associated with web browsers was a student at KU?

answer: Lou Montulli

text: Lou Montulli

question: What Google employee once studied at the University of Kansas?

answer: Brian McClendon

text: Brian McClendon

question: What oil company leader is an alumnus of the University of Kansas?

answer: Charles E. Spahr

text: Charles E. Spahr

question: For what company did Charles Spahr serve as CEO?

answer: Standard Oil of Ohio

text: Standard Oil of Ohio


text: The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors made every attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court, arguing that Tibetan Buddhism was wildly heterodox and unorthodox. Despite protests by the Grand Secretary Liang Chu, in 1515 the Zhengde Emperor sent his eunuch official Liu Yun of the Palace Chancellery on a mission to invite this Karmapa to Beijing. Liu commanded a fleet of hundreds of ships requisitioned along the Yangtze, consuming 2,835 g (100 oz) of silver a day in food expenses while stationed for a year in Chengdu of Sichuan. After procurring necessary gifts for the mission, he departed with a cavalry force of about 1,000 troops. When the request was delivered, the Karmapa lama refused to leave Tibet despite the Ming force brought to coerce him. The Karmapa launched a surprise ambush on Liu Yun's camp, seizing all the goods and valuables while killing or wounding half of Liu Yun's entire escort. After this fiasco, Liu fled for his life, but only returned to Chengdu several years later to find that the Zhengde Emperor had died.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: The

text: Zhengde

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: who

text: enjoyed

text: the

text: company

text: of

text: lamas

text: at

text: court

text: despite

text: protests

text: from

text: the

text: censorate

text: had

text: heard

text: tales

text: of

text: a

text: living

text: Buddha

text: which

text: he

text: desired

text: to

text: host

text: at

text: the

text: Ming

text: capital

text: this

text: was

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: Rinpung

text: supported

text: Mikyö

text: Dorje

text: Karmapa

text: Lama

text: then

text: occupying

text: Lhasa

text: Zhengde

text: 's

text: top

text: advisors

text: made

text: every

text: attempt

text: to

text: dissuade

text: him

text: from

text: inviting

text: this

text: lama

text: to

text: court

text: arguing

text: that

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: was

text: wildly

text: heterodox

text: and

text: unorthodox

text: Despite

text: protests

text: by

text: the

text: Grand

text: Secretary

text: Liang

text: Chu

text: in

text: the

text: Zhengde

text: Emperor

text: sent

text: his

text: eunuch

text: official

text: Liu

text: Yun

text: of

text: the

text: Palace

text: Chancellery

text: on

text: a

text: mission

text: to

text: invite

text: this

text: Karmapa

text: to

text: Beijing

text: Liu

text: commanded

text: a

text: fleet

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: ships

text: requisitioned

text: along

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: consuming

text: g

text: oz

text: of

text: silver

text: a

text: day

text: in

text: food

text: expenses

text: while

text: stationed

text: for

text: a

text: year

text: in

text: Chengdu

text: of

text: Sichuan

text: After

text: procurring

text: necessary

text: gifts

text: for

text: the

text: mission

text: he

text: departed

text: with

text: a

text: cavalry

text: force

text: of

text: about

text: troops

text: When

text: the

text: request

text: was

text: delivered

text: the

text: Karmapa

text: lama

text: refused

text: to

text: leave

text: Tibet

text: despite

text: the

text: Ming

text: force

text: brought

text: to

text: coerce

text: him

text: The

text: Karmapa

text: launched

text: a

text: surprise

text: ambush

text: on

text: Liu

text: Yun

text: 's

text: camp

text: seizing

text: all

text: the

text: goods

text: and

text: valuables

text: while

text: killing

text: or

text: wounding

text: half

text: of

text: Liu

text: Yun

text: 's

text: entire

text: escort

text: After

text: this

text: fiasco

text: Liu

text: fled

text: for

text: his

text: life

text: but

text: only

text: returned

text: to

text: Chengdu

text: several

text: years

text: later

text: to

text: find

text: that

text: the

text: Zhengde

text: Emperor

text: had

text: died

question: When did the Zhengde Emperor rule?

answer: 1505–1521

question: Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?

answer: the company of lamas

text: the company of lamas

question: Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?

answer: Mikyö Dorje

text: Mikyö Dorje


text: The island experienced large-scale immigration over the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries, and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration, especially from Britain, North America, the West Indies, and the Portuguese Atlantic islands (especially the Azores), although these groups are steadily merging. About 46% of the population identified themselves with Bermudian ancestry in 2010, which was a decrease from the 51% who did so in the 2000 census. Those identifying with British ancestry dropped by 1% to 11% (although those born in Britain remain the largest non-native group at 3,942 persons). The number of people born in Canada declined by 13%. Those who reported West Indian ancestry were 13%. The number of people born in the West Indies actually increased by 538. A significant segment of the population is of Portuguese ancestry (10%), the result of immigration over the past 160 years, of whom 79% have residency status.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: island

text: experienced

text: large

text: scale

text: immigration

text: over

text: the

text: century

text: especially

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: Bermuda

text: has

text: a

text: diverse

text: population

text: including

text: both

text: those

text: with

text: relatively

text: deep

text: roots

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: extending

text: back

text: for

text: centuries

text: and

text: newer

text: communities

text: whose

text: ancestry

text: results

text: from

text: recent

text: immigration

text: especially

text: from

text: Britain

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: and

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Atlantic

text: islands

text: especially

text: the

text: Azores

text: although

text: these

text: groups

text: are

text: steadily

text: merging

text: About

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: identified

text: themselves

text: with

text: Bermudian

text: ancestry

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: decrease

text: from

text: the

text: who

text: did

text: so

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: Those

text: identifying

text: with

text: British

text: ancestry

text: dropped

text: by

text: to

text: although

text: those

text: born

text: in

text: Britain

text: remain

text: the

text: largest

text: non

text: native

text: group

text: at

text: persons

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: born

text: in

text: Canada

text: declined

text: by

text: Those

text: who

text: reported

text: West

text: Indian

text: ancestry

text: were

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: actually

text: increased

text: by

text: A

text: significant

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: ancestry

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: immigration

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: of

text: whom

text: have

text: residency

text: status

question: When did Bermuda have a large amount of people immigrating to it?

answer: 20th century, especially after the Second World War.

text: 20th century, especially after the Second World War.

question: Where are the largest group of non-native people in Bermuda from?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: According to census result, there was the greatest decline in people claiming what ancestry?

answer: Bermudian

text: Bermudian

question: Which cultural group can claim 79% residency?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese


text: In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: In

text: Tom

text: and

text: Jerry

text: cartoons

text: first

text: aired

text: on

text: BBC

text: One

text: with

text: around

text: episodes

text: shown

text: every

text: evening

text: at

text: with

text: occasional

text: morning

text: showings

text: on

text: CBBC

text: The

text: BBC

text: stopped

text: airing

text: the

text: famous

text: cartoon

text: duo

text: in

question: When was the first broadcast of Tom and Jerry on BBC One?

answer: 1967

question: When was the final broadcast of Tom and Jerry?

answer: 2000

question: How many episodes of Tom and Jerry were shown in the evenings?

answer: 2

question: On what channel was Tom and Jerry sometimes shown in the mornings?

answer: CBBC

text: CBBC


text: Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Service

text: dogs

text: such

text: as

text: guide

text: dogs

text: utility

text: dogs

text: assistance

text: dogs

text: hearing

text: dogs

text: and

text: psychological

text: therapy

text: dogs

text: provide

text: assistance

text: to

text: individuals

text: with

text: physical

text: or

text: mental

text: disabilities

text: Some

text: dogs

text: owned

text: by

text: epileptics

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: alert

text: their

text: handler

text: when

text: the

text: handler

text: shows

text: signs

text: of

text: an

text: impending

text: seizure

text: sometimes

text: well

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: onset

text: allowing

text: the

text: guardian

text: to

text: seek

text: safety

text: medication

text: or

text: medical

text: care

question: What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities?

answer: Service dogs

text: Service dogs

question: Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else?

answer: medical care.

text: medical care.


text: As of 2012, renewable energy plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries globally. Renewables are becoming increasingly economic in both developing and developed countries. Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with conventional energy sources. Without a level playing field, however, high market penetration of renewables is still dependent on a robust promotional policies. Fossil fuel subsidies, which are far higher than those for renewable energy, remain in place and quickly need to be phased out.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: As

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: plays

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: energy

text: mix

text: of

text: many

text: countries

text: globally

text: Renewables

text: are

text: becoming

text: increasingly

text: economic

text: in

text: both

text: developing

text: and

text: developed

text: countries

text: Prices

text: for

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: primarily

text: wind

text: power

text: and

text: solar

text: power

text: continued

text: to

text: drop

text: making

text: renewables

text: competitive

text: with

text: conventional

text: energy

text: sources

text: Without

text: a

text: level

text: playing

text: field

text: however

text: high

text: market

text: penetration

text: of

text: renewables

text: is

text: still

text: dependent

text: on

text: a

text: robust

text: promotional

text: policies

text: Fossil

text: fuel

text: subsidies

text: which

text: are

text: far

text: higher

text: than

text: those

text: for

text: renewable

text: energy

text: remain

text: in

text: place

text: and

text: quickly

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: phased

text: out

question: What plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries?

answer: renewable energy

text: renewable energy

question: What is becoming increasingly economic in both developing and devloped countries?

answer: Renewables

text: Renewables

question: As of 2012, prices for what commodity continued to drop?

answer: renewable energy technologies

text: renewable energy technologies


text: The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn from the nobility, the same social class that served as the recruiting ground for the upper levels of the secular clergy. The local parish priests were often drawn from the peasant class. Townsmen were in a somewhat unusual position, as they did not fit into the traditional three-fold division of society into nobles, clergy, and peasants. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the ranks of the townsmen expanded greatly as existing towns grew and new population centres were founded. But throughout the Middle Ages the population of the towns probably never exceeded 10 per cent of the total population.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: clergy

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: types

text: the

text: secular

text: clergy

text: who

text: lived

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: regular

text: clergy

text: who

text: lived

text: under

text: a

text: religious

text: rule

text: and

text: were

text: usually

text: monks

text: Throughout

text: the

text: period

text: monks

text: remained

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: usually

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: per

text: cent

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: regular

text: clergy

text: were

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: nobility

text: the

text: same

text: social

text: class

text: that

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: recruiting

text: ground

text: for

text: the

text: upper

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: secular

text: clergy

text: The

text: local

text: parish

text: priests

text: were

text: often

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: peasant

text: class

text: Townsmen

text: were

text: in

text: a

text: somewhat

text: unusual

text: position

text: as

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: fit

text: into

text: the

text: traditional

text: three

text: fold

text: division

text: of

text: society

text: into

text: nobles

text: clergy

text: and

text: peasants

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: ranks

text: of

text: the

text: townsmen

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: as

text: existing

text: towns

text: grew

text: and

text: new

text: population

text: centres

text: were

text: founded

text: But

text: throughout

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: towns

text: probably

text: never

text: exceeded

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

question: What group constituted the clergy along with the regular clergy?

answer: the secular clergy

text: the secular clergy

question: What type of clergy were monks?

answer: regular clergy

text: regular clergy

question: What percentage of the European population consisted of monks?

answer: less than one per cent

text: less than one per cent

question: What social class did many members of the regular clergy come from?

answer: the nobility

text: the nobility

question: From what class were many parish priests?

answer: the peasant class

text: the peasant class


text: Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism; there are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: economy

text: depends

text: mainly

text: on

text: agriculture

text: media

text: petroleum

text: imports

text: natural

text: gas

text: and

text: tourism

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: more

text: than

text: three

text: million

text: Egyptians

text: working

text: abroad

text: mainly

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: Europe

text: The

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: Aswan

text: High

text: Dam

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: resultant

text: Lake

text: Nasser

text: have

text: altered

text: the

text: time

text: honored

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Nile

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: agriculture

text: and

text: ecology

text: of

text: Egypt

text: A

text: rapidly

text: growing

text: population

text: limited

text: arable

text: land

text: and

text: dependence

text: on

text: the

text: Nile

text: all

text: continue

text: to

text: overtax

text: resources

text: and

text: stress

text: the

text: economy

question: What areas of economy is Egypt dependent on?

answer: agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism

text: agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism

question: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly?

answer: Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe

text: Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe

question: What lake reulted from completion of Aswan High Dam?

answer: Lake Nasser

text: Lake Nasser

question: What year was Aswan High Dam completed?

answer: 1970


text: LaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can have PCM audio in professional applications but is uncommon), and the NTSC discs could store multiple audio tracks. This allowed for extras like director's commentary tracks and other features to be added onto a film, creating "Special Edition" releases that would not have been possible with VHS. Disc access was random and chapter based, like the DVD format, meaning that one could jump to any point on a given disc very quickly. By comparison, VHS would require tedious rewinding and fast-forwarding to get to specific points.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

text: had

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: advantages

text: over

text: VHS

text: It

text: featured

text: a

text: far

text: sharper

text: picture

text: with

text: a

text: horizontal

text: resolution

text: of

text: TVL

text: lines

text: for

text: NTSC

text: and

text: TVL

text: lines

text: for

text: PAL

text: discs

text: while

text: VHS

text: featured

text: only

text: TVL

text: lines

text: with

text: NTSC

text: It

text: could

text: handle

text: analog

text: and

text: digital

text: audio

text: where

text: VHS

text: was

text: mostly

text: analog

text: only

text: VHS

text: can

text: have

text: PCM

text: audio

text: in

text: professional

text: applications

text: but

text: is

text: uncommon

text: and

text: the

text: NTSC

text: discs

text: could

text: store

text: multiple

text: audio

text: tracks

text: This

text: allowed

text: for

text: extras

text: like

text: director

text: 's

text: commentary

text: tracks

text: and

text: other

text: features

text: to

text: be

text: added

text: onto

text: a

text: film

text: creating

text: Special

text: Edition

text: releases

text: that

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: possible

text: with

text: VHS

text: Disc

text: access

text: was

text: random

text: and

text: chapter

text: based

text: like

text: the

text: DVD

text: format

text: meaning

text: that

text: one

text: could

text: jump

text: to

text: any

text: point

text: on

text: a

text: given

text: disc

text: very

text: quickly

text: By

text: comparison

text: VHS

text: would

text: require

text: tedious

text: rewinding

text: and

text: fast

text: forwarding

text: to

text: get

text: to

text: specific

text: points

question: How many horizontal TVL lines did LaserDisc have in comparison to VHS's 240?

answer: 425

question: Which medium was chapter based like DVD format, Laserdisc or VHS?

answer: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

question: Which medium allowed for multiple audio tracks, Laserdisc or VHS?

answer: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc


text: When war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. John spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. John's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: When

text: war

text: with

text: France

text: broke

text: out

text: again

text: in

text: John

text: achieved

text: early

text: victories

text: but

text: shortages

text: of

text: military

text: resources

text: and

text: his

text: treatment

text: of

text: Norman

text: Breton

text: and

text: Anjou

text: nobles

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: his

text: empire

text: in

text: northern

text: France

text: in

text: John

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: decade

text: attempting

text: to

text: regain

text: these

text: lands

text: raising

text: huge

text: revenues

text: reforming

text: his

text: armed

text: forces

text: and

text: rebuilding

text: continental

text: alliances

text: John

text: 's

text: judicial

text: reforms

text: had

text: a

text: lasting

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: system

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: providing

text: an

text: additional

text: source

text: of

text: revenue

text: An

text: argument

text: with

text: Pope

text: Innocent

text: III

text: led

text: to

text: John

text: 's

text: excommunication

text: in

text: a

text: dispute

text: finally

text: settled

text: by

text: the

text: king

text: in

text: John

text: 's

text: attempt

text: to

text: defeat

text: Philip

text: in

text: failed

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: victory

text: over

text: John

text: 's

text: allies

text: at

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Bouvines

text: When

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: England

text: John

text: faced

text: a

text: rebellion

text: by

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: barons

text: who

text: were

text: unhappy

text: with

text: his

text: fiscal

text: policies

text: and

text: his

text: treatment

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: England

text: 's

text: most

text: powerful

text: nobles

text: Although

text: both

text: John

text: and

text: the

text: barons

text: agreed

text: to

text: the

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: peace

text: treaty

text: in

text: neither

text: side

text: complied

text: with

text: its

text: conditions

text: Civil

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: shortly

text: afterwards

text: with

text: the

text: barons

text: aided

text: by

text: Louis

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: soon

text: descended

text: into

text: a

text: stalemate

text: John

text: died

text: of

text: dysentery

text: contracted

text: whilst

text: on

text: campaign

text: in

text: eastern

text: England

text: during

text: late

text: supporters

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: Henry

text: III

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: achieve

text: victory

text: over

text: Louis

text: and

text: the

text: rebel

text: barons

text: the

text: following

text: year

question: When did war with France break out?

answer: 1202

question: When was John excommunicated?

answer: 1209

question: When was the Magna Carta peace treaty agreed upon?

answer: 1215

question: Who won victory over Louis and the rebel barons?

answer: Henry III

text: Henry III


text: The 1980s ushered in the age of desktop computing. The new computers empowered their users with spreadsheets like Lotus 1-2-3 and database software like dBASE. The dBASE product was lightweight and easy for any computer user to understand out of the box. C. Wayne Ratliff the creator of dBASE stated: "dBASE was different from programs like BASIC, C, FORTRAN, and COBOL in that a lot of the dirty work had already been done. The data manipulation is done by dBASE instead of by the user, so the user can concentrate on what he is doing, rather than having to mess with the dirty details of opening, reading, and closing files, and managing space allocation." dBASE was one of the top selling software titles in the 1980s and early 1990s.

title: Database

title: Database

text: The

text: ushered

text: in

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: desktop

text: computing

text: The

text: new

text: computers

text: empowered

text: their

text: users

text: with

text: spreadsheets

text: like

text: Lotus

text: and

text: database

text: software

text: like

text: dBASE

text: The

text: dBASE

text: product

text: was

text: lightweight

text: and

text: easy

text: for

text: any

text: computer

text: user

text: to

text: understand

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: box

text: C.

text: Wayne

text: Ratliff

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: dBASE

text: stated

text: dBASE

text: was

text: different

text: from

text: programs

text: like

text: BASIC

text: C

text: FORTRAN

text: and

text: COBOL

text: in

text: that

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: the

text: dirty

text: work

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: done

text: The

text: data

text: manipulation

text: is

text: done

text: by

text: dBASE

text: instead

text: of

text: by

text: the

text: user

text: so

text: the

text: user

text: can

text: concentrate

text: on

text: what

text: he

text: is

text: doing

text: rather

text: than

text: having

text: to

text: mess

text: with

text: the

text: dirty

text: details

text: of

text: opening

text: reading

text: and

text: closing

text: files

text: and

text: managing

text: space

text: allocation

text: dBASE

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: selling

text: software

text: titles

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

question: Who created dBASE?

answer: C. Wayne Ratliff

text: C. Wayne Ratliff

question: Why was dBASE unique?

answer: data manipulation is done by dBASE

text: data manipulation is done by dBASE

question: Why was dBASE successful?

answer: lightweight and easy for any computer user to understand out of the box

text: lightweight and easy for any computer user to understand out of the box

question: What is a benefit of using dBASE?

answer: managing space allocation

text: managing space allocation


text: Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin. Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. "If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power", she wrote, "we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY." Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: "It is not in our custom to annexe countries", she said, "unless we are obliged & forced to do so." To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister. When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by "fast falling tears", and erected a memorial tablet "placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I."

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Between

text: April

text: and

text: February

text: she

text: threatened

text: five

text: times

text: to

text: abdicate

text: while

text: pressuring

text: Disraeli

text: to

text: act

text: against

text: Russia

text: during

text: the

text: Russo

text: Turkish

text: War

text: but

text: her

text: threats

text: had

text: no

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: events

text: or

text: their

text: conclusion

text: with

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Berlin

text: Disraeli

text: 's

text: expansionist

text: foreign

text: policy

text: which

text: Victoria

text: endorsed

text: led

text: to

text: conflicts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Zulu

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Second

text: Anglo

text: Afghan

text: War

text: If

text: we

text: are

text: to

text: maintain

text: our

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: first

text: rate

text: Power

text: she

text: wrote

text: we

text: must

text: be

text: Prepared

text: for

text: attacks

text: and

text: wars

text: somewhere

text: or

text: other

text: CONTINUALLY

text: Victoria

text: saw

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: as

text: civilising

text: and

text: benign

text: protecting

text: native

text: peoples

text: from

text: more

text: aggressive

text: powers

text: or

text: cruel

text: rulers

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: our

text: custom

text: to

text: annexe

text: countries

text: she

text: said

text: unless

text: we

text: are

text: obliged

text: forced

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: To

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: dismay

text: Disraeli

text: lost

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: and

text: Gladstone

text: returned

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

text: When

text: Disraeli

text: died

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: she

text: was

text: blinded

text: by

text: fast

text: falling

text: tears

text: and

text: erected

text: a

text: memorial

text: tablet

text: placed

text: by

text: his

text: grateful

text: Sovereign

text: and

text: Friend

text: Victoria

text: R.I.

question: Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli  to act against during the Russo-Turkish war?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: What impact did Victorias threats have on the impact of the Russo=Turkish war?

answer: no impact

text: no impact

question: What Disraeli policy did Victoria endorse?

answer: expansionist foreign policy

text: expansionist foreign policy

question: Who lost the Disraeli general election in 1880?

answer: Disraeli

text: Disraeli

question: Who returned as prime minister when Disraeli lost the general election in 1880?

answer: Gladstone

text: Gladstone

question: What caused Queen Victoria to threaten to abdicate five times?

answer: Russo-Turkish War

text: Russo-Turkish War

question: What ended the Russo-Turkish War?

answer: Congress of Berlin

text: Congress of Berlin

question: Why did Queen Victoria want to take over other countries?

answer: protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers

text: protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers

question: Who was elected Prime Minister after Disareli lost the election in 1880?

answer: Gladstone

text: Gladstone

question: To whom did Queen Victoria dedicate a memorial after his death for grateful service?

answer: Disraeli

text: Disraeli

question: What position did Victoria take on how to be a successful and top notch power?

answer: be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY

text: be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY

question: Who won the 1880 general election?

answer: Gladstone

text: Gladstone

question: What conflicts can be attributed to Disraeli's stance on foreign policy?

answer: Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War

text: Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War

question: What did Victoria place to memorialize Disraeli?

answer: a memorial tablet

text: a memorial tablet