text: Bonaparte began with an army of 13,000 men; 1,500 were reported missing, 1,200 died in combat, and thousands perished from disease—mostly bubonic plague. He failed to reduce the fortress of Acre, so he marched his army back to Egypt in May. To speed up the retreat, Bonaparte ordered plague-stricken men to be poisoned with opium; the number who died remains disputed, ranging from a low of 30 to a high of 580. He also brought out 1,000 wounded men. Back in Egypt on 25 July, Bonaparte defeated an Ottoman amphibious invasion at Abukir.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: began

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: of

text: men

text: were

text: reported

text: missing

text: died

text: in

text: combat

text: and

text: thousands

text: perished

text: from

text: disease

text: mostly

text: bubonic

text: plague

text: He

text: failed

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: fortress

text: of

text: Acre

text: so

text: he

text: marched

text: his

text: army

text: back

text: to

text: Egypt

text: in

text: May.

text: To

text: speed

text: up

text: the

text: retreat

text: Bonaparte

text: ordered

text: plague

text: stricken

text: men

text: to

text: be

text: poisoned

text: with

text: opium

text: the

text: number

text: who

text: died

text: remains

text: disputed

text: ranging

text: from

text: a

text: low

text: of

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: of

text: He

text: also

text: brought

text: out

text: wounded

text: men

text: Back

text: in

text: Egypt

text: on

text: July

text: Bonaparte

text: defeated

text: an

text: Ottoman

text: amphibious

text: invasion

text: at

text: Abukir

question: How many men were in Napoleon's army when the battle began?

answer: 13,000

question: How many soldiers in Napoleon's army died in combat?

answer: 1,200

question: How many soldiers from Napoleon's army were reported missing?

answer: 1,500

question: What disease took the heaviest toll on Napoleon's army?

answer: bubonic plague

text: bubonic plague

question: To speed his retreat to Egypt, Napoleon ordered the poisoning of sick men with what substance?

answer: opium

text: opium


text: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: On

text: January

text: Yugoslavia

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: communist

text: country

text: to

text: open

text: its

text: borders

text: to

text: all

text: foreign

text: visitors

text: and

text: abolish

text: visa

text: requirements

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Tito

text: became

text: active

text: in

text: promoting

text: a

text: peaceful

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: conflict

text: His

text: plan

text: called

text: for

text: Arabs

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Israel

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: territories

text: Israel

text: gained

question: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?

answer: Yugoslavia

text: Yugoslavia

question: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?

answer: 1967

question: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

answer: 1967

question: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?

answer: 1967


text: Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed forces (including Estonian Waffen-SS), the majority of them did so only in 1944 when the threat of a new invasion of Estonia by the Red Army had become imminent. In January 1944 Estonia was again facing the prospect of invasion from the Red Army and the last legitimate prime minister of the Republic of Estonia (according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia) delivered a radio address asking all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service. The call resulted in around 38,000 new enlistments and several thousand Estonians who had joined the Finnish Army came back to join the newly formed Territorial Defense Force, assigned to defend Estonia against the Soviet advance. It was hoped[by whom?] that by engaging in such a war Estonia would be able to attract Western support for Estonian independence.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Some

text: Estonians

text: unwilling

text: to

text: side

text: directly

text: with

text: the

text: Nazis

text: joined

text: the

text: Finnish

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Nazis

text: to

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: The

text: Finnish

text: Infantry

text: Regiment

text: Estonian

text: soomepoisid

text: was

text: formed

text: out

text: of

text: Estonian

text: volunteers

text: in

text: Finland

text: Although

text: many

text: Estonians

text: were

text: recruited

text: into

text: the

text: German

text: armed

text: forces

text: including

text: Estonian

text: Waffen

text: SS

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: did

text: so

text: only

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: invasion

text: of

text: Estonia

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: had

text: become

text: imminent

text: In

text: January

text: Estonia

text: was

text: again

text: facing

text: the

text: prospect

text: of

text: invasion

text: from

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: legitimate

text: prime

text: minister

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Estonia

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Estonia

text: delivered

text: a

text: radio

text: address

text: asking

text: all

text: able

text: bodied

text: men

text: born

text: from

text: through

text: to

text: report

text: for

text: military

text: service

text: The

text: call

text: resulted

text: in

text: around

text: new

text: enlistments

text: and

text: several

text: thousand

text: Estonians

text: who

text: had

text: joined

text: the

text: Finnish

text: Army

text: came

text: back

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: newly

text: formed

text: Territorial

text: Defense

text: Force

text: assigned

text: to

text: defend

text: Estonia

text: against

text: the

text: Soviet

text: advance

text: It

text: was

text: hoped[by

text: whom

text: that

text: by

text: engaging

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: war

text: Estonia

text: would

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: attract

text: Western

text: support

text: for

text: Estonian

text: independence

question: Who did some Estonians join as an alternative to the Germans?

answer: the Finnish Army

text: the Finnish Army

question: Who was the Finnish Army allied with?

answer: the Nazis

text: the Nazis

question: Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200?

answer: Estonian volunteers in Finland

text: Estonian volunteers in Finland

question: What year did most Estonians join the Germans after a new Soviet threat was emerging?

answer: 1944


text: The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. A retrospective of Cézanne's paintings had been held at the Salon d'Automne of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, followed by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: movement

text: was

text: pioneered

text: by

text: Georges

text: Braque

text: and

text: Pablo

text: Picasso

text: joined

text: by

text: Jean

text: Metzinger

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: Robert

text: Delaunay

text: Henri

text: Le

text: Fauconnier

text: Fernand

text: Léger

text: and

text: Juan

text: Gris

text: A

text: primary

text: influence

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: Cubism

text: was

text: the

text: representation

text: of

text: three

text: dimensional

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: works

text: of

text: Paul

text: Cézanne

text: A

text: retrospective

text: of

text: Cézanne

text: 's

text: paintings

text: had

text: been

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: d'Automne

text: of

text: current

text: works

text: were

text: displayed

text: at

text: the

text: and

text: Salon

text: d'Automne

text: followed

text: by

text: two

text: commemorative

text: retrospectives

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: in

question: Name the 8 peopl who began the movement

answer: Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris.

text: Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris.

question: Which person  was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms?

answer: Paul Cézanne

text: Paul Cézanne

question: What year's were Cezannes painting's displayed at Salon d'Automne? Not including the retrospectives.

answer: 1905 and 1906

text: 1905 and 1906


text: Professional wrestling shows can be considered a form of theatre in the round, with the ring, ringside area, and entryway comprising a thrust stage. However, there is a much more limited concept of a fourth wall than in most theatric performances. The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators to the sporting event being portrayed, and are encouraged to interact as such. This leads to a high level of audience participation; in fact, their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds. Often, individual matches will be part of a longer storyline conflict between "babyfaces" (often shortened to just "faces") and "heels". "Faces" (the "good guys") are those whose actions are intended to encourage the audience to cheer, while "heels" (the "bad guys") act to draw the spectators' ire.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: shows

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: theatre

text: in

text: the

text: round

text: with

text: the

text: ring

text: ringside

text: area

text: and

text: entryway

text: comprising

text: a

text: thrust

text: stage

text: However

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: limited

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: fourth

text: wall

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: theatric

text: performances

text: The

text: audience

text: is

text: recognized

text: and

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: the

text: performers

text: as

text: spectators

text: to

text: the

text: sporting

text: event

text: being

text: portrayed

text: and

text: are

text: encouraged

text: to

text: interact

text: as

text: such

text: This

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: audience

text: participation

text: in

text: fact

text: their

text: reactions

text: can

text: dictate

text: how

text: the

text: performance

text: unfolds

text: Often

text: individual

text: matches

text: will

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: longer

text: storyline

text: conflict

text: between

text: babyfaces

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: faces

text: and

text: heels

text: Faces

text: the

text: good

text: guys

text: are

text: those

text: whose

text: actions

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: cheer

text: while

text: heels

text: the

text: bad

text: guys

text: act

text: to

text: draw

text: the

text: spectators

text: ire

question: How do the wrestlers treat the audience?

answer: The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators

text: The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators

question: How does the audience being acknowledged by the wrestlers impact the show?

answer: This leads to a high level of audience participation

text: This leads to a high level of audience participation

question: What can the audience do during a show?

answer: their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds.

text: their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds.

question: What kind of conflict can arise during a show?

answer: Often, individual matches will be part of a longer storyline conflict between "babyfaces" (often shortened to just "faces") and "heels".

text: Often, individual matches will be part of a longer storyline conflict between "babyfaces" (often shortened to just "faces") and "heels".

question: Which of the wrestlers are the bad guys?

answer: "heels" (the "bad guys")

text: "heels" (the "bad guys")


text: American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: American

text: comics

text: developed

text: out

text: of

text: such

text: magazines

text: as

text: Puck

text: Judge

text: and

text: Life

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: illustrated

text: humour

text: supplements

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: World

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: American

text: particularly

text: Outcault

text: 's

text: The

text: Yellow

text: Kid

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: newspaper

text: comic

text: strips

text: Early

text: Sunday

text: strips

text: were

text: full

text: page

text: and

text: often

text: in

text: colour

text: Between

text: and

text: cartoonists

text: experimented

text: with

text: sequentiality

text: movement

text: and

text: speech

text: balloons

question: Which outlet did comic supplements find success in?

answer: New York World

text: New York World

question: Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip?

answer: Outcault's The Yellow Kid

text: Outcault's The Yellow Kid


text: The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of these beers are made using the eisbock method of fractional freezing, in which a strong ale is partially frozen and the ice is repeatedly removed, until the desired strength is reached, a process that may class the product as spirits rather than beer. The German brewery Schorschbräu's Schorschbock, a 31% abv eisbock, and Hair of the Dog's Dave, a 29% abv barley wine made in 1994, used the same fractional freezing method. A 60% abv blend of beer with whiskey was jokingly claimed as the strongest beer by a Dutch brewery in July 2010.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: product

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: strongest

text: beer

text: made

text: is

text: Schorschbräu

text: 's

text: Schorschbock

text: with

text: It

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: The

text: End

text: of

text: History

text: a

text: Belgian

text: ale

text: made

text: by

text: BrewDog

text: in

text: The

text: same

text: company

text: had

text: previously

text: made

text: Sink

text: The

text: Bismarck

text: a

text: abv

text: IPA

text: and

text: Tactical

text: Nuclear

text: Penguin

text: a

text: abv

text: Imperial

text: stout

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: beers

text: are

text: made

text: using

text: the

text: eisbock

text: method

text: of

text: fractional

text: freezing

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: strong

text: ale

text: is

text: partially

text: frozen

text: and

text: the

text: ice

text: is

text: repeatedly

text: removed

text: until

text: the

text: desired

text: strength

text: is

text: reached

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: may

text: class

text: the

text: product

text: as

text: spirits

text: rather

text: than

text: beer

text: The

text: German

text: brewery

text: Schorschbräu

text: 's

text: Schorschbock

text: a

text: abv

text: eisbock

text: and

text: Hair

text: of

text: the

text: Dog

text: 's

text: Dave

text: a

text: abv

text: barley

text: wine

text: made

text: in

text: used

text: the

text: same

text: fractional

text: freezing

text: method

text: A

text: abv

text: blend

text: of

text: beer

text: with

text: whiskey

text: was

text: jokingly

text: claimed

text: as

text: the

text: strongest

text: beer

text: by

text: a

text: Dutch

text: brewery

text: in

text: July

question: How much alcohol is in Schorschbock 57?

answer: 57,5%

question: How much alcohol was in The End of History beer?

answer: 55%

question: What company made The End of History beer in 2010?

answer: BrewDog

text: BrewDog

question: What is a strong ale called when it is frozen partially, and then the ice is removed again and again?

answer: fractional freezing

text: fractional freezing

question: How much alcohol was contained in the beer Sink The Bismarck?

answer: 41%


text: Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniques such as the use of sampled or computer-generated sounds, and instruments from other cultures such as the gamelan.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Electric

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: electric

text: guitar

text: the

text: electric

text: bass

text: and

text: the

text: ondes

text: Martenot

text: appear

text: occasionally

text: in

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Both

text: classical

text: and

text: popular

text: musicians

text: have

text: experimented

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: with

text: electronic

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: electric

text: and

text: digital

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sampled

text: or

text: computer

text: generated

text: sounds

text: and

text: instruments

text: from

text: other

text: cultures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: gamelan

question: What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?

answer: Electric

text: Electric

question: What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?

answer: popular

text: popular

question: What type of instrument is the gamelan?

answer: electronic

text: electronic


text: Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m). In Maine several peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Mount Katahdin at 5,267 feet (1,605 m). In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m). In the Green Mountains the highest point, Mt. Mansfield, is 4,393 ft (1,339 m) in elevation; others include Killington Peak at 4,226 ft (1,288 m), Camel's Hump at 4,083 ft (1,244 m), Mt. Abraham at 4,006 ft (1,221 m), and a number of other heights exceeding 3,000 ft (900 m).

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Mountains

text: of

text: the

text: Long

text: Range

text: in

text: Newfoundland

text: reach

text: heights

text: of

text: nearly

text: ft

text: m

text: In

text: the

text: Chic

text: Choc

text: and

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: in

text: Quebec

text: the

text: higher

text: summits

text: rise

text: to

text: about

text: ft

text: m

text: elevation

text: Isolated

text: peaks

text: and

text: small

text: ranges

text: in

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: and

text: New

text: Brunswick

text: vary

text: from

text: to

text: ft

text: to

text: m

text: In

text: Maine

text: several

text: peaks

text: exceed

text: ft

text: m

text: including

text: Mount

text: Katahdin

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: In

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: many

text: summits

text: rise

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: including

text: Mount

text: Washington

text: in

text: the

text: White

text: Mountains

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Adams

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Jefferson

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Monroe

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Madison

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Lafayette

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: and

text: Lincoln

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: In

text: the

text: Green

text: Mountains

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: Mt.

text: Mansfield

text: is

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: elevation

text: others

text: include

text: Killington

text: Peak

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Camel

text: 's

text: Hump

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: Mt.

text: Abraham

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: heights

text: exceeding

text: ft

text: m

question: How tall are the mountains in Newfoundland?

answer: 3,000 ft

text: 3,000 ft

question: How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia?

answer: vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft

text: vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft

question: How tall are the mountains in Maine?

answer: exceed 4,000 ft

text: exceed 4,000 ft

question: How tall are the mountains in New Hampshire?

answer: many summits rise above 5,000 ft

text: many summits rise above 5,000 ft


text: There were important quality advances in recordings specifically made for radio broadcast. In the early 1930s Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric announced the total reinvention of disc recording: the Western Electric Wide Range System, "The New Voice of Action". The intent of the new Western Electric system was to improve the overall quality of disc recording and playback. The recording speed was 33 1⁄3 rpm, originally used in the Western Electric/ERPI movie audio disc system implemented in the early Warner Brothers' Vitaphone "talkies" of 1927.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: There

text: were

text: important

text: quality

text: advances

text: in

text: recordings

text: specifically

text: made

text: for

text: radio

text: broadcast

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Laboratories

text: and

text: Western

text: Electric

text: announced

text: the

text: total

text: reinvention

text: of

text: disc

text: recording

text: the

text: Western

text: Electric

text: Wide

text: Range

text: System

text: The

text: New

text: Voice

text: of

text: Action

text: The

text: intent

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Western

text: Electric

text: system

text: was

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: overall

text: quality

text: of

text: disc

text: recording

text: and

text: playback

text: The

text: recording

text: speed

text: was

text: rpm

text: originally

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Electric

text: ERPI

text: movie

text: audio

text: disc

text: system

text: implemented

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Warner

text: Brothers

text: Vitaphone

text: talkies

text: of

question: When was the Western Electric System introduced?

answer: early 1930s

text: early 1930s

question: What two companies worked together to develop the Western Electric System?

answer: Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric

text: Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric

question: What system was used by Warner Brothers?

answer: Western Electric system

text: Western Electric system

question: What speed was used in the Western Electric System?

answer: 33 1⁄3 rpm

text: 33 1⁄3 rpm

question: What was the Western Electric System believed to do?

answer: improve the overall quality

text: improve the overall quality


text: The theory that race is merely a social construct has been challenged by the findings of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics as "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies". One of the researchers, Neil Risch, noted: "we looked at the correlation between genetic structure [based on microsatellite markers] versus self-description, we found 99.9% concordance between the two. We actually had a higher discordance rate between self-reported sex and markers on the X chromosome! So you could argue that sex is also a problematic category. And there are differences between sex and gender; self-identification may not be correlated with biology perfectly. And there is sexism."

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: The

text: theory

text: that

text: race

text: is

text: merely

text: a

text: social

text: construct

text: has

text: been

text: challenged

text: by

text: the

text: findings

text: of

text: researchers

text: at

text: the

text: Stanford

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Journal

text: of

text: Human

text: Genetics

text: as

text: Genetic

text: Structure

text: Self

text: Identified

text: Race

text: Ethnicity

text: and

text: Confounding

text: in

text: Case

text: Control

text: Association

text: Studies

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: researchers

text: Neil

text: Risch

text: noted

text: we

text: looked

text: at

text: the

text: correlation

text: between

text: genetic

text: structure

text: based

text: on

text: microsatellite

text: markers

text: versus

text: self

text: description

text: we

text: found

text: concordance

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: We

text: actually

text: had

text: a

text: higher

text: discordance

text: rate

text: between

text: self

text: reported

text: sex

text: and

text: markers

text: on

text: the

text: X

text: chromosome

text: So

text: you

text: could

text: argue

text: that

text: sex

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: problematic

text: category

text: And

text: there

text: are

text: differences

text: between

text: sex

text: and

text: gender

text: self

text: identification

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: correlated

text: with

text: biology

text: perfectly

text: And

text: there

text: is

text: sexism

question: Researchers from which university challenged the theory of race being only a social construct?

answer: Stanford

text: Stanford

question: Where was the challenge to the theory of racing being a social construct published?

answer: the American Journal of Human Genetics

text: the American Journal of Human Genetics

question: Neil Risch found a 99.9% agree between genetic structure and people's description of their what?

answer: self

text: self

question: What is a problematic category in addition to race?

answer: sex

text: sex

question: What may self-identification not correlate with precisely?

answer: biology

text: biology


text: There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25% of nations provide no direct or indirect public funding, 58% provide direct public funding and 60% of nations provide indirect public funding. Some countries provide both direct and indirect public funding to political parties. Funding may be equal for all parties or depend on the results of previous elections or the number of candidates participating in an election. Frequently parties rely on a mix of private and public funding and are required to disclose their finances to the Election management body.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: broad

text: categories

text: of

text: public

text: funding

text: direct

text: which

text: entails

text: a

text: monetary

text: transfer

text: to

text: a

text: party

text: and

text: indirect

text: which

text: includes

text: broadcasting

text: time

text: on

text: state

text: media

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: mail

text: service

text: or

text: supplies

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Comparative

text: Data

text: from

text: the

text: ACE

text: Electoral

text: Knowledge

text: Network

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: sample

text: of

text: over

text: nations

text: of

text: nations

text: provide

text: no

text: direct

text: or

text: indirect

text: public

text: funding

text: provide

text: direct

text: public

text: funding

text: and

text: of

text: nations

text: provide

text: indirect

text: public

text: funding

text: Some

text: countries

text: provide

text: both

text: direct

text: and

text: indirect

text: public

text: funding

text: to

text: political

text: parties

text: Funding

text: may

text: be

text: equal

text: for

text: all

text: parties

text: or

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: previous

text: elections

text: or

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: candidates

text: participating

text: in

text: an

text: election

text: Frequently

text: parties

text: rely

text: on

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: private

text: and

text: public

text: funding

text: and

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: disclose

text: their

text: finances

text: to

text: the

text: Election

text: management

text: body

question: What are the two categories of public funding?

answer: direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect

text: direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect

question: Which percentage of nations provide no direct or indirect public funding?

answer: 25%

question: What percentage of nations provide direct funding?

answer: 58%

question: Are parties required to reveal their funding?

answer: required to disclose their finances to the Election management body.

text: required to disclose their finances to the Election management body.

question: What percentage of nations provide indirect funding?

answer: 60%


text: In 1948, Eisenhower became President of Columbia University, an Ivy League university in New York City. The assignment was described as not being a good fit in either direction. During that year Eisenhower's memoir, Crusade in Europe, was published. Critics regarded it as one of the finest U.S. military memoirs, and it was a major financial success as well. Eisenhower's profit on the book was substantially aided by an unprecedented ruling by the U.S. Department of the Treasury that Eisenhower was not a professional writer, but rather, marketing the lifetime asset of his experiences, and thus he only had to pay capital gains tax on his $635,000 advance instead of the much higher personal tax rate. This ruling saved Eisenhower about $400,000.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: Eisenhower

text: became

text: President

text: of

text: Columbia

text: University

text: an

text: Ivy

text: League

text: university

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: assignment

text: was

text: described

text: as

text: not

text: being

text: a

text: good

text: fit

text: in

text: either

text: direction

text: During

text: that

text: year

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: memoir

text: Crusade

text: in

text: Europe

text: was

text: published

text: Critics

text: regarded

text: it

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: U.S.

text: military

text: memoirs

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: financial

text: success

text: as

text: well

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: profit

text: on

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: substantially

text: aided

text: by

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: ruling

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Treasury

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: professional

text: writer

text: but

text: rather

text: marketing

text: the

text: lifetime

text: asset

text: of

text: his

text: experiences

text: and

text: thus

text: he

text: only

text: had

text: to

text: pay

text: capital

text: gains

text: tax

text: on

text: his

text: advance

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: much

text: higher

text: personal

text: tax

text: rate

text: This

text: ruling

text: saved

text: Eisenhower

text: about

question: What position did Eisenhower occupy in 1948?

answer: President of Columbia University

text: President of Columbia University

question: Where is Columbia University located?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: What was the title of Eisenhower's memoir?

answer: Crusade in Europe

text: Crusade in Europe

question: What group of schools did Columbia University belong to?

answer: Ivy League

text: Ivy League

question: What body ruled the Eisenhower was not a professional writer?

answer: Department of the Treasury

text: Department of the Treasury


text: In the constituent legislature or convention, the conservative and liberal elements formed using the nicknames of Chirrines and Cuchas. The military entered as a third party. The elections for the first regular legislature were disputed, and it was not until May 1, 1826, that the body was installed. The liberals gained control and the opposition responded by fomenting a conspiracy. This was promptly stopped with the aid of informers, and more strenuous measures were taken against the conservatives. Extra powers were conferred on the Durango governor, Santiago Baca Ortiz, deputy to the first national congress, and leader of the liberal party.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: In

text: the

text: constituent

text: legislature

text: or

text: convention

text: the

text: conservative

text: and

text: liberal

text: elements

text: formed

text: using

text: the

text: nicknames

text: of

text: Chirrines

text: and

text: Cuchas

text: The

text: military

text: entered

text: as

text: a

text: third

text: party

text: The

text: elections

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: regular

text: legislature

text: were

text: disputed

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: May

text: that

text: the

text: body

text: was

text: installed

text: The

text: liberals

text: gained

text: control

text: and

text: the

text: opposition

text: responded

text: by

text: fomenting

text: a

text: conspiracy

text: This

text: was

text: promptly

text: stopped

text: with

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: informers

text: and

text: more

text: strenuous

text: measures

text: were

text: taken

text: against

text: the

text: conservatives

text: Extra

text: powers

text: were

text: conferred

text: on

text: the

text: Durango

text: governor

text: Santiago

text: Baca

text: Ortiz

text: deputy

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: national

text: congress

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: liberal

text: party

question: Which nicknames were used to form the conservative and liberal elements?

answer: Chirrines and Cuchas

text: Chirrines and Cuchas

question: Which was the third party?

answer: The military

text: The military

question: In which year was the body installed?

answer: 1826

question: Which party had gained control?

answer: liberals

text: liberals

question: Who was the Durango governor?

answer: Santiago Baca Ortiz

text: Santiago Baca Ortiz


text: KU's Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees. About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32. Programs available at the Edwards Campus include developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, information technology, engineering management and design.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: KU

text: 's

text: Edwards

text: Campus

text: is

text: in

text: Overland

text: Park

text: Kansas

text: Established

text: in

text: its

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: adults

text: with

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: complete

text: college

text: degrees

text: About

text: students

text: attend

text: the

text: Edwards

text: Campus

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: age

text: of

text: Programs

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: Edwards

text: Campus

text: include

text: developmental

text: psychology

text: public

text: administration

text: social

text: work

text: systems

text: analysis

text: information

text: technology

text: engineering

text: management

text: and

text: design

question: In what city is the Edwards Campus located?

answer: Overland Park

text: Overland Park

question: When was the Edwards Campus built?

answer: 1993

question: Who are the main kinds of students at the Edwards Campus?

answer: adults

text: adults

question: What is the average age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?

answer: 32

question: What can adult learners obtain through studying at the Edwards Campus of the University of Kansas?

answer: college degrees

text: college degrees


text: The Gurkhas, a martial tribe, came to power in Nepal in the year 1768. They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory. Gradually, the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla. With the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, Gorkhas laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However, Gurkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. After the defeat, the Gurkhas began to expand towards the south of the state. However, Raja Ram Singh, Raja of Siba State managed to capture the fort of Siba from the remnants of Lahore Darbar in Samvat 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj. The British gradually emerged as the paramount power. In the revolt of 1857, or first Indian war of independence, arising from a number of grievances against the British, the people of the hill states were not as politically active as were those in other parts of the country. They and their rulers, with the exception of Bushahr, remained more or less inactive. Some, including the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami, rendered help to the British government during the revolt.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: The

text: Gurkhas

text: a

text: martial

text: tribe

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: Nepal

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: They

text: consolidated

text: their

text: military

text: power

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: expand

text: their

text: territory

text: Gradually

text: the

text: Gorkhas

text: annexed

text: Sirmour

text: and

text: Shimla

text: With

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Amar

text: Singh

text: Thapa

text: Gorkhas

text: laid

text: siege

text: to

text: Kangra

text: They

text: managed

text: to

text: defeat

text: Sansar

text: Chand

text: Katoch

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: Kangra

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: many

text: provincial

text: chiefs

text: However

text: Gurkhas

text: could

text: not

text: capture

text: Kangra

text: fort

text: which

text: came

text: under

text: Maharaja

text: Ranjeet

text: Singh

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: the

text: Gurkhas

text: began

text: to

text: expand

text: towards

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: However

text: Raja

text: Ram

text: Singh

text: Raja

text: of

text: Siba

text: State

text: managed

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: fort

text: of

text: Siba

text: from

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: Lahore

text: Darbar

text: in

text: Samvat

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Anglo

text: Sikh

text: War

text: They

text: came

text: into

text: direct

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: along

text: the

text: tarai

text: belt

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: expelled

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: Satluj

text: The

text: British

text: gradually

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: paramount

text: power

text: In

text: the

text: revolt

text: of

text: or

text: first

text: Indian

text: war

text: of

text: independence

text: arising

text: from

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: grievances

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: hill

text: states

text: were

text: not

text: as

text: politically

text: active

text: as

text: were

text: those

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: They

text: and

text: their

text: rulers

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Bushahr

text: remained

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: inactive

text: Some

text: including

text: the

text: rulers

text: of

text: Chamba

text: Bilaspur

text: Bhagal

text: and

text: Dhami

text: rendered

text: help

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: during

text: the

text: revolt

question: When did the Gurkhas come into power?

answer: 1768

question: Where did the Gurkhas come into power?

answer: Nepal

text: Nepal

question: Who lead the Gorkas to siege Kangra?

answer: Amar Singh Thapa

text: Amar Singh Thapa

question: In 1806 who did Gorkas defeat with the help of provincial chiefs?

answer: Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra,

text: Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra,

question: Who rendered help to the British government during the revolt?

answer: rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami

text: rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami


text: In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda. Kashmiri was described by Bruce Riedel as a 'prominent' Al-Qaeda member, while others described him as the head of military operations for Al-Qaeda. Waziristan had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants, who were now fighting NATO in support of Al-Qaeda. On 8 July 2012, Al-Badar Mujahideen, a breakaway faction of Kashmir centric terror group Hizbul Mujahideen, on conclusion of their two-day Shuhada Conference called for mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: September

text: a

text: U.S.

text: Drone

text: strike

text: reportedly

text: killed

text: Ilyas

text: Kashmiri

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: of

text: Harkat

text: ul

text: Jihad

text: al

text: Islami

text: a

text: Kashmiri

text: militant

text: group

text: associated

text: with

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: Kashmiri

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: Bruce

text: Riedel

text: as

text: a

text: prominent

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: member

text: while

text: others

text: described

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: military

text: operations

text: for

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: Waziristan

text: had

text: now

text: become

text: the

text: new

text: battlefield

text: for

text: Kashmiri

text: militants

text: who

text: were

text: now

text: fighting

text: NATO

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: On

text: July

text: Al

text: Badar

text: Mujahideen

text: a

text: breakaway

text: faction

text: of

text: Kashmir

text: centric

text: terror

text: group

text: Hizbul

text: Mujahideen

text: on

text: conclusion

text: of

text: their

text: two

text: day

text: Shuhada

text: Conference

text: called

text: for

text: mobilisation

text: of

text: resources

text: for

text: continuation

text: of

text: jihad

text: in

text: Kashmir

question: Who did a US drone kill in Sep 2009?

answer: Ilyas Kashmiri

text: Ilyas Kashmiri

question: What group did Ilyas Kashmiri lead?

answer: Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

text: Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

question: After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan?

answer: Kashmiri militants

text: Kashmiri militants

question: What group did Al-Badar Mujahideen break away from?

answer: Hizbul Mujahideen

text: Hizbul Mujahideen

question: What did Al-Badar Mujahideen call for in 2012?

answer: mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir

text: mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir


text: In The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (1952), Hayek independently developed a "Hebbian learning" model of learning and memory – an idea which he first conceived in 1920, prior to his study of economics. Hayek's expansion of the "Hebbian synapse" construction into a global brain theory has received continued attention in neuroscience, cognitive science, computer science, behavioural science, and evolutionary psychology, by scientists such as Gerald Edelman, and Joaquin Fuster.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: In

text: The

text: Sensory

text: Order

text: An

text: Inquiry

text: into

text: the

text: Foundations

text: of

text: Theoretical

text: Psychology

text: Hayek

text: independently

text: developed

text: a

text: Hebbian

text: learning

text: model

text: of

text: learning

text: and

text: memory

text: an

text: idea

text: which

text: he

text: first

text: conceived

text: in

text: prior

text: to

text: his

text: study

text: of

text: economics

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Hebbian

text: synapse

text: construction

text: into

text: a

text: global

text: brain

text: theory

text: has

text: received

text: continued

text: attention

text: in

text: neuroscience

text: cognitive

text: science

text: computer

text: science

text: behavioural

text: science

text: and

text: evolutionary

text: psychology

text: by

text: scientists

text: such

text: as

text: Gerald

text: Edelman

text: and

text: Joaquin

text: Fuster

question: In what year was the book published in which Hayek developed Hebbian learning?

answer: 1952

question: Before he began studying economics, what concept did Hayek come up with that was later featured in his 1952 book?

answer: Hebbian learning

text: Hebbian learning

question: What did Hayek present in his 1952 book that affected multiple areas of science?

answer: "Hebbian synapse"

text: "Hebbian synapse"

question: What is the name of the book in which Hayek presented the Hebbian Synapse?

answer: The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology

text: The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology


text: By 2013, Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000. When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution. Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors. "I have no intention of being distracted by these ridiculous allegations," she added. Later, it was confirmed that Banda had not approved the statement released written by her press team and was "incandescent with anger" over the mix-up.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: By

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: Raising

text: Malawi

text: organization

text: built

text: ten

text: schools

text: to

text: educate

text: children

text: in

text: Malawi

text: at

text: a

text: value

text: of

text: When

text: Madonna

text: visited

text: the

text: schools

text: in

text: April

text: President

text: of

text: Malawi

text: Joyce

text: Banda

text: expressed

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: star

text: and

text: her

text: charity

text: accusing

text: her

text: of

text: exaggerating

text: her

text: charity

text: 's

text: contribution

text: Madonna

text: responded

text: by

text: releasing

text: a

text: statement

text: saying

text: she

text: was

text: saddened

text: that

text: Banda

text: had

text: chosen

text: to

text: act

text: negatively

text: about

text: her

text: endeavors

text: I

text: have

text: no

text: intention

text: of

text: being

text: distracted

text: by

text: these

text: ridiculous

text: allegations

text: she

text: added

text: Later

text: it

text: was

text: confirmed

text: that

text: Banda

text: had

text: not

text: approved

text: the

text: statement

text: released

text: written

text: by

text: her

text: press

text: team

text: and

text: was

text: incandescent

text: with

text: anger

text: over

text: the

text: mix

text: up

question: By 2013, how many did Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built?

answer: ten schools

text: ten schools

question: When did Madonna visit Malawi's school?

answer: April 2013

text: April 2013

question: Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions?

answer: President of Malawi Joyce Banda

text: President of Malawi Joyce Banda


text: Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the same reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Originally

text: international

text: law

text: was

text: unaccepting

text: of

text: treaty

text: reservations

text: rejecting

text: them

text: unless

text: all

text: parties

text: to

text: the

text: treaty

text: accepted

text: the

text: same

text: reservations

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: interest

text: of

text: encouraging

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: states

text: to

text: join

text: treaties

text: a

text: more

text: permissive

text: rule

text: regarding

text: reservations

text: has

text: emerged

text: While

text: some

text: treaties

text: still

text: expressly

text: forbid

text: any

text: reservations

text: they

text: are

text: now

text: generally

text: permitted

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: inconsistent

text: with

text: the

text: goals

text: and

text: purposes

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

question: A more permissive rule regarding what emerged to encourage the largest number of states to join treaties?

answer: reservations

text: reservations

question: Reservations are generally permitted so long as they are not what?

answer: inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty

text: inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty

question: How did international law originally respond to treaty reservations?

answer: rejecting them

text: rejecting them

question: Originally reservations were rejected under international law unless which parties of the treaty accepted them?

answer: all parties

text: all parties

question: Because they are generally accepted under international law, a treaty must forbid reservations in what manner to prevent their adoption?

answer: expressly

text: expressly


text: The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Paris

text: in

text: its

text: administrative

text: city

text: limits

text: was

text: in

text: January

text: This

text: makes

text: Paris

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: following

text: London

text: Berlin

text: Madrid

text: and

text: Rome

text: Eurostat

text: the

text: statistical

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: EU

text: places

text: Paris

text: million

text: people

text: second

text: behind

text: London

text: million

text: and

text: ahead

text: of

text: Berlin

text: million

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: populations

text: of

text: what

text: Eurostat

text: calls

text: urban

text: audit

text: core

text: cities

text: The

text: Paris

text: Urban

text: Area

text: or

text: unité

text: urbaine

text: is

text: a

text: statistical

text: area

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: statistical

text: agency

text: INSEE

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: built

text: up

text: areas

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: slightly

text: smaller

text: than

text: the

text: Paris

text: Region

text: According

text: to

text: INSEE

text: the

text: Paris

text: Urban

text: Area

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: January

text: census

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Europe

text: behind

text: Istanbul

text: and

text: Moscow

text: The

text: Paris

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: after

text: London

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: Jan.

text: census

question: In Janurary of 2014, what was the population of Paris' city limits?

answer: 2,241,346

question: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality?

answer: fifth

text: fifth

question: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU?

answer: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome

text: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome

question: Who created The Paris Urban Area?

answer: INSEE

text: INSEE

question: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population?

answer: 10,550,350


text: Production capacity in Britain and the United States was improved by the invention of the cotton gin by the American Eli Whitney in 1793. Before the development of cotton gins, the cotton fibers had to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand. By the late 1700s a number of crude ginning machines had been developed. However, to produce a bale of cotton required over 600 hours of human labor, making large-scale production uneconomical in the United States, even with the use of humans as slave labor. The gin that Whitney manufactured (the Holmes design) reduced the hours down to just a dozen or so per bale. Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796. Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers were (at first) purchased from colonial plantations, processed into cotton cloth in the mills of Lancashire, and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in West Africa, India, and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Production

text: capacity

text: in

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: improved

text: by

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: gin

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Eli

text: Whitney

text: in

text: Before

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: cotton

text: gins

text: the

text: cotton

text: fibers

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: pulled

text: from

text: the

text: seeds

text: tediously

text: by

text: hand

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: crude

text: ginning

text: machines

text: had

text: been

text: developed

text: However

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: bale

text: of

text: cotton

text: required

text: over

text: hours

text: of

text: human

text: labor

text: making

text: large

text: scale

text: production

text: uneconomical

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: even

text: with

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: humans

text: as

text: slave

text: labor

text: The

text: gin

text: that

text: Whitney

text: manufactured

text: the

text: Holmes

text: design

text: reduced

text: the

text: hours

text: down

text: to

text: just

text: a

text: dozen

text: or

text: so

text: per

text: bale

text: Although

text: Whitney

text: patented

text: his

text: own

text: design

text: for

text: a

text: cotton

text: gin

text: he

text: manufactured

text: a

text: prior

text: design

text: from

text: Henry

text: Odgen

text: Holmes

text: for

text: which

text: Holmes

text: filed

text: a

text: patent

text: in

text: Improving

text: technology

text: and

text: increasing

text: control

text: of

text: world

text: markets

text: allowed

text: British

text: traders

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: commercial

text: chain

text: in

text: which

text: raw

text: cotton

text: fibers

text: were

text: at

text: first

text: purchased

text: from

text: colonial

text: plantations

text: processed

text: into

text: cotton

text: cloth

text: in

text: the

text: mills

text: of

text: Lancashire

text: and

text: then

text: exported

text: on

text: British

text: ships

text: to

text: captive

text: colonial

text: markets

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: India

text: and

text: China

text: via

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

question: What invention improved the cotton industry in both America and Britain?

answer: cotton gin

text: cotton gin

question: What American invented the cotton gin?

answer: Eli Whitney

text: Eli Whitney

question: Before the use of the cotton gin, how was cotton separated?

answer: by hand

text: by hand

question: What business development did the British use to establish a hold on the global cotton market?

answer: commercial chain

text: commercial chain

question: From what source was raw cotton first bought and later resold?

answer: colonial markets

text: colonial markets


text: Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries. (Men typically serve for two-years, while women serve for 18 months.) An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: Students

text: attending

text: BYU

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: follow

text: an

text: honor

text: code

text: which

text: mandates

text: behavior

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: LDS

text: teachings

text: such

text: as

text: academic

text: honesty

text: adherence

text: to

text: dress

text: and

text: grooming

text: standards

text: and

text: abstinence

text: from

text: extramarital

text: sex

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: drugs

text: and

text: alcohol

text: Many

text: students

text: percent

text: of

text: men

text: percent

text: of

text: women

text: either

text: delay

text: enrollment

text: or

text: take

text: a

text: hiatus

text: from

text: their

text: studies

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Mormon

text: missionaries

text: Men

text: typically

text: serve

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: while

text: women

text: serve

text: for

text: months

text: An

text: education

text: at

text: BYU

text: is

text: also

text: less

text: expensive

text: than

text: at

text: similar

text: private

text: universities

text: since

text: a

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: operating

text: the

text: university

text: is

text: subsidized

text: by

text: the

text: church

text: 's

text: tithing

text: funds

question: For what reason to many student's postpone their enrollment to BYU?

answer: to serve as Mormon missionaries

text: to serve as Mormon missionaries

question: What is the source of much of BYU's funding?

answer: the church's tithing funds

text: the church's tithing funds

question: How many women at BYU do missionary work?

answer: 33 percent

text: 33 percent

question: What is the average amount of time men serve as missionaries?

answer: two-years

text: two-years

question: What is the basis of the behavioral code at BYU?

answer: LDS teachings

text: LDS teachings

question: What is a significant portion of the BYU's operating costs subsidized by?

answer: the church's tithing funds

text: the church's tithing funds

question: What percentage of men delay their BYU enrollment to serve as a Mormon missionary?

answer: 88

question: What percentage of women delay their BYU enrollment to serve as a Mormon missionary?

answer: 33

question: How does the cost of attending BYU compare to the cost of attending similar universities?

answer: less expensive

text: less expensive

question: What do all students at BYU agree to abstain from consuming?

answer: drugs and alcohol

text: drugs and alcohol


text: For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries. Thus, at a general level, there is a large degree of uniformity amongst all Orthodox Jews. Concerning the details, however, there is often variance: decisions may be based on various of the standardized codes of Jewish Law that have been developed over the centuries, as well as on the various responsa. These codes and responsa may differ from each other as regards detail (and reflecting the above philosophical differences, as regards the weight assigned to these). By and large, however, the differences result from the historic dispersal of the Jews and the consequent development of differences among regions in their practices (see minhag).

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: For

text: guidance

text: in

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: Jewish

text: law

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: Shulchan

text: Aruch

text: Code

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Law

text: composed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: Rabbi

text: Joseph

text: Caro

text: together

text: with

text: its

text: surrounding

text: commentaries

text: Thus

text: at

text: a

text: general

text: level

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: degree

text: of

text: uniformity

text: amongst

text: all

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: Concerning

text: the

text: details

text: however

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: variance

text: decisions

text: may

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: various

text: of

text: the

text: standardized

text: codes

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Law

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: the

text: various

text: responsa

text: These

text: codes

text: and

text: responsa

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: as

text: regards

text: detail

text: and

text: reflecting

text: the

text: above

text: philosophical

text: differences

text: as

text: regards

text: the

text: weight

text: assigned

text: to

text: these

text: By

text: and

text: large

text: however

text: the

text: differences

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: historic

text: dispersal

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: and

text: the

text: consequent

text: development

text: of

text: differences

text: among

text: regions

text: in

text: their

text: practices

text: see

text: minhag

question: What do Orthodox Jews turn to for guidance and practical application of jewish law?

answer: Shulchan Aruch

text: Shulchan Aruch

question: there is a large degree of what amongst all orthodox jews?

answer: uniformity

text: uniformity

question: What is the differences among regions in practices known as?

answer: minhag

text: minhag

question: Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details?

answer: philosophical differences

text: philosophical differences


text: Combined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would later lead to the Protestant Reformation. Toward the end of the period, an era of discovery began (Age of Discovery). The rise of the Ottoman Empire, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, eroded the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire and cut off trading possibilities with the east. Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the expedition of Columbus to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of India and Africa in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Combined

text: with

text: this

text: influx

text: of

text: classical

text: ideas

text: was

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: printing

text: which

text: facilitated

text: dissemination

text: of

text: the

text: printed

text: word

text: and

text: democratized

text: learning

text: These

text: two

text: things

text: would

text: later

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: Toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: an

text: era

text: of

text: discovery

text: began

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: eroded

text: the

text: last

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: cut

text: off

text: trading

text: possibilities

text: with

text: the

text: east

text: Europeans

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: seek

text: new

text: trading

text: routes

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: expedition

text: of

text: Columbus

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: in

text: and

text: Vasco

text: da

text: Gama

text: ’s

text: circumnavigation

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Africa

text: in

text: Their

text: discoveries

text: strengthened

text: the

text: economy

text: and

text: power

text: of

text: European

text: nations

question: Which invention resulted in more widespread use of the printed word?

answer: printing

text: printing

question: In what year did Constantinople fall?

answer: 1453

question: In what year did Vasco da Gama sail around India and Africa?

answer: 1498

question: In what year was Columbus' expedition to the Americas?

answer: 1492

question: The Protestant Reformation is attributed to what two developments that resulted from the invention of printing?

answer: dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning

text: dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning


text: According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: According

text: to

text: Mendelian

text: inheritance

text: variations

text: in

text: an

text: organism

text: 's

text: phenotype

text: observable

text: physical

text: and

text: behavioral

text: characteristics

text: are

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: variations

text: in

text: its

text: genotype

text: particular

text: set

text: of

text: genes

text: Each

text: gene

text: specifies

text: a

text: particular

text: trait

text: with

text: different

text: sequence

text: of

text: a

text: gene

text: alleles

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: different

text: phenotypes

text: Most

text: eukaryotic

text: organisms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: pea

text: plants

text: Mendel

text: worked

text: on

text: have

text: two

text: alleles

text: for

text: each

text: trait

text: one

text: inherited

text: from

text: each

question: According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype?

answer: variations in its genotype

text: variations in its genotype

question: What sort of characteristics are described by an organism's phenotype?

answer: observable physical and behavioral characteristics

text: observable physical and behavioral characteristics

question: What is a genotype?

answer: particular set of genes

text: particular set of genes

question: What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles?

answer: Each gene

text: Each gene

question: How many alleles do most eukaryotic organisms have for each trait?

answer: two alleles for each trait

text: two alleles for each trait


text: The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet. This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying (called by the foundation the "Omni-Ingestor") and fecal sludge processing (called "Omni-Processor"). The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to convert excreta (for example fecal sludge) into beneficial products such as energy and soil nutrients with the potential to develop local business and revenue.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: The

text: Reinvent

text: the

text: Toilet

text: Challenge

text: is

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: effort

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: hygienic

text: stand

text: alone

text: toilet

text: This

text: challenge

text: is

text: being

text: complemented

text: by

text: another

text: investment

text: program

text: to

text: develop

text: new

text: technologies

text: for

text: improved

text: pit

text: latrine

text: emptying

text: called

text: by

text: the

text: foundation

text: the

text: Omni

text: Ingestor

text: and

text: fecal

text: sludge

text: processing

text: called

text: Omni

text: Processor

text: The

text: aim

text: of

text: the

text: Omni

text: Processor

text: is

text: to

text: convert

text: excreta

text: for

text: example

text: fecal

text: sludge

text: into

text: beneficial

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: energy

text: and

text: soil

text: nutrients

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: develop

text: local

text: business

text: and

text: revenue

question: What is reinvent the toilet trying to develop

answer: The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet

text: The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet

question: What compliments the challenge

answer: This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying

text: This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying

question: What does the Omni processor do

answer: The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to convert excreta (for example fecal sludge) into beneficial products such as energy and soil nutrients

text: The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to convert excreta (for example fecal sludge) into beneficial products such as energy and soil nutrients


text: Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Some

text: applications

text: standardize

text: on

text: UTC

text: to

text: avoid

text: problems

text: with

text: clock

text: shifts

text: and

text: time

text: zone

text: differences

text: Likewise

text: most

text: modern

text: operating

text: systems

text: internally

text: handle

text: and

text: store

text: all

text: times

text: as

text: UTC

text: and

text: only

text: convert

text: to

text: local

text: time

text: for

text: display

question: What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?

answer: UTC

text: UTC

question: By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?

answer: time zone differences

text: time zone differences

question: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?

answer: operating systems

text: operating systems

question: Where do computers usually use UTC?

answer: internally

text: internally

question: What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?

answer: local time

text: local time


text: Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly. Some approved drugs, such as those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient (also referred to as Line-extensions) are much less expensive to develop.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: estimates

text: also

text: take

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: opportunity

text: cost

text: of

text: investing

text: capital

text: many

text: years

text: before

text: revenues

text: are

text: realized

text: see

text: Time

text: value

text: of

text: money

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: long

text: time

text: needed

text: for

text: discovery

text: development

text: and

text: approval

text: of

text: pharmaceuticals

text: these

text: costs

text: can

text: accumulate

text: to

text: nearly

text: half

text: the

text: total

text: expense

text: A

text: direct

text: consequence

text: within

text: the

text: pharmaceutical

text: industry

text: value

text: chain

text: is

text: that

text: major

text: pharmaceutical

text: multinationals

text: tend

text: to

text: increasingly

text: outsource

text: risks

text: related

text: to

text: fundamental

text: research

text: which

text: somewhat

text: reshapes

text: the

text: industry

text: ecosystem

text: with

text: biotechnology

text: companies

text: playing

text: an

text: increasingly

text: important

text: role

text: and

text: overall

text: strategies

text: being

text: redefined

text: accordingly

text: Some

text: approved

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: based

text: on

text: re

text: formulation

text: of

text: an

text: existing

text: active

text: ingredient

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Line

text: extensions

text: are

text: much

text: less

text: expensive

text: to

text: develop

question: What drugs are the least expensive to develop?

answer: those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient

text: those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient

question: What accounts for nearly half of the costs to develop drugs?

answer: opportunity cost of investing capital

text: opportunity cost of investing capital

question: What is the consequence in the value chain?

answer: increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research

text: increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research

question: What happens when companies outsource?

answer: somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies

text: somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies

question: What is re-formulations of active ingredients referred to?

answer: Line-extensions

text: Line-extensions

question: Investing capital can increase drug development costs by how much?

answer: nearly half the total expense

text: nearly half the total expense

question: What kind of companies have had a more important role in drug development?

answer: biotechnology

text: biotechnology

question: What firms tend to outsource drug development?

answer: major pharmaceutical multinationals

text: major pharmaceutical multinationals


text: The simplest method, used for small-scale production and often by hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride. Compared with methods used for mass production, the etching time is long. Heat and agitation can be applied to the bath to speed the etching rate. In bubble etching, air is passed through the etchant bath to agitate the solution and speed up etching. Splash etching uses a motor-driven paddle to splash boards with etchant; the process has become commercially obsolete since it is not as fast as spray etching. In spray etching, the etchant solution is distributed over the boards by nozzles, and recirculated by pumps. Adjustment of the nozzle pattern, flow rate, temperature, and etchant composition gives predictable control of etching rates and high production rates.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: The

text: simplest

text: method

text: used

text: for

text: small

text: scale

text: production

text: and

text: often

text: by

text: hobbyists

text: is

text: immersion

text: etching

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: board

text: is

text: submerged

text: in

text: etching

text: solution

text: such

text: as

text: ferric

text: chloride

text: Compared

text: with

text: methods

text: used

text: for

text: mass

text: production

text: the

text: etching

text: time

text: is

text: long

text: Heat

text: and

text: agitation

text: can

text: be

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: bath

text: to

text: speed

text: the

text: etching

text: rate

text: In

text: bubble

text: etching

text: air

text: is

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: etchant

text: bath

text: to

text: agitate

text: the

text: solution

text: and

text: speed

text: up

text: etching

text: Splash

text: etching

text: uses

text: a

text: motor

text: driven

text: paddle

text: to

text: splash

text: boards

text: with

text: etchant

text: the

text: process

text: has

text: become

text: commercially

text: obsolete

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: as

text: fast

text: as

text: spray

text: etching

text: In

text: spray

text: etching

text: the

text: etchant

text: solution

text: is

text: distributed

text: over

text: the

text: boards

text: by

text: nozzles

text: and

text: recirculated

text: by

text: pumps

text: Adjustment

text: of

text: the

text: nozzle

text: pattern

text: flow

text: rate

text: temperature

text: and

text: etchant

text: composition

text: gives

text: predictable

text: control

text: of

text: etching

text: rates

text: and

text: high

text: production

text: rates

question: What non-professionals might use immersion etching, since it's the easiest way to make a PCB?

answer: hobbyists

text: hobbyists

question: If you wanted to speed up the etching process, you could agitate the bath up or add what to it?

answer: Heat

text: Heat

question: Is the immersion etching process long or short compared to other production methods?

answer: long

text: long

question: What funny name is used for the etching process where air is blown through the etching solution to get it moving around?

answer: bubble etching

text: bubble etching

question: What's the fastest and most easily controlled process for etching?

answer: spray etching

text: spray etching


text: The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to late century were hard times, as the Bronx declined 1950–85 from a predominantly moderate-income to a predominantly lower-income area with high rates of violent crime and poverty. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in the late 1980s that continues into today.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: periods

text: a

text: boom

text: period

text: during

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: growth

text: by

text: a

text: factor

text: of

text: six

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: The

text: Great

text: Depression

text: and

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: years

text: saw

text: a

text: slowing

text: of

text: growth

text: leading

text: into

text: an

text: eventual

text: decline

text: The

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: century

text: were

text: hard

text: times

text: as

text: the

text: Bronx

text: declined

text: from

text: a

text: predominantly

text: moderate

text: income

text: to

text: a

text: predominantly

text: lower

text: income

text: area

text: with

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: violent

text: crime

text: and

text: poverty

text: The

text: Bronx

text: has

text: experienced

text: an

text: economic

text: and

text: developmental

text: resurgence

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: that

text: continues

text: into

text: today

question: When was the Bronx's boom period?

answer: 1900–29

question: What was the Bronx's population in 1900?

answer: 200,000

question: What was the Bronx's population in 1929?

answer: 1.3 million

text: 1.3 million

question: When did the Bronx's income declined?

answer: 1950–85

question: When did the Bronx's economy regrow?

answer: starting in the late 1980s

text: starting in the late 1980s


text: The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoning it, and the Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109. The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans. The two Muslim dynasties would rule Valencia for more than a century.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: The

text: city

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: Christian

text: troops

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Almoravids

text: retook

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: restored

text: the

text: Muslim

text: religion

text: Although

text: the

text: self

text: styled

text: Emperor

text: of

text: All

text: Spain

text: Alfonso

text: VI

text: of

text: León

text: and

text: Castile

text: drove

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: he

text: was

text: not

text: strong

text: enough

text: to

text: hold

text: it

text: The

text: Christians

text: set

text: it

text: afire

text: before

text: abandoning

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: Almoravid

text: Masdali

text: took

text: possession

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: commemorated

text: in

text: a

text: poem

text: by

text: Ibn

text: Khafaja

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: thanked

text: Yusuf

text: ibn

text: Tashfin

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: liberation

text: The

text: declining

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Almoravids

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: dynasty

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: the

text: Almohads

text: who

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: from

text: the

text: year

text: although

text: their

text: entry

text: into

text: Valencia

text: was

text: deterred

text: by

text: Ibn

text: Mardanis

text: King

text: of

text: Valencia

text: and

text: Murcia

text: until

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: the

text: city

text: finally

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: Africans

text: The

text: two

text: Muslim

text: dynasties

text: would

text: rule

text: Valencia

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: century

question: In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia?

answer: 1102

question: Who called himself the Emperor of All Spain?

answer: Alfonso VI of León and Castile

text: Alfonso VI of León and Castile

question: Who wrote poetry about Valencia's capture by the Almoravids?

answer: Ibn Khafaja

text: Ibn Khafaja

question: When did the Almohads gain control of the peninsula?

answer: 1145

question: Who prevented the Almohads from entering Valencia?

answer: Ibn Mardanis

text: Ibn Mardanis


text: The islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim. The atolls and islands form two groups: the Ratak (sunrise) and the Ralik (sunset). The two island chains lie approximately parallel to one another, running northwest to southeast, comprising about 750,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) of ocean but only about 70 square miles (180 km2) of land mass. Each includes 15 to 18 islands and atolls. The country consists of a total of 29 atolls and five isolated islands.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: located

text: about

text: halfway

text: between

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: Australia

text: north

text: of

text: Nauru

text: and

text: Kiribati

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Federated

text: States

text: of

text: Micronesia

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: territory

text: of

text: Wake

text: Island

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: lays

text: claim

text: The

text: atolls

text: and

text: islands

text: form

text: two

text: groups

text: the

text: Ratak

text: sunrise

text: and

text: the

text: Ralik

text: sunset

text: The

text: two

text: island

text: chains

text: lie

text: approximately

text: parallel

text: to

text: one

text: another

text: running

text: northwest

text: to

text: southeast

text: comprising

text: about

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: ocean

text: but

text: only

text: about

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: land

text: mass

text: Each

text: includes

text: to

text: islands

text: and

text: atolls

text: The

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: atolls

text: and

text: five

text: isolated

text: islands

question: What nation lies to the west of the Marshall Islands?

answer: the Federated States of Micronesia

text: the Federated States of Micronesia

question: What United States territory does the Marshall Islands claim?

answer: Wake Island

text: Wake Island

question: How many square kilometers of ocean do the Marshall Islands cover?

answer: 1,900,000

question: How many square kilometers of land do the Marshall Islands cover?

answer: 180

question: How many atolls are part of the Marshall Islands?

answer: 29


text: In the autumn of 1913, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant, serving in the 25th Croatian Regiment based in Zagreb. In May 1914, Broz won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in Budapest. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress. In January 1915, he was sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia to fight against Russia. He distinguished himself as a capable soldier, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. For his bravery in the face of the enemy, he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented. On 25 March 1915, while in Bukovina, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: In

text: the

text: autumn

text: of

text: he

text: was

text: conscripted

text: into

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Army

text: He

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: a

text: school

text: for

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: sergeant

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: Croatian

text: Regiment

text: based

text: in

text: Zagreb

text: In

text: May

text: Broz

text: won

text: a

text: silver

text: medal

text: at

text: an

text: army

text: fencing

text: competition

text: in

text: Budapest

text: At

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: Ruma

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: arrested

text: for

text: anti

text: war

text: propaganda

text: and

text: imprisoned

text: in

text: the

text: Petrovaradin

text: fortress

text: In

text: January

text: he

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: in

text: Galicia

text: to

text: fight

text: against

text: Russia

text: He

text: distinguished

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: capable

text: soldier

text: becoming

text: the

text: youngest

text: Sergeant

text: Major

text: in

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Army

text: For

text: his

text: bravery

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: enemy

text: he

text: was

text: recommended

text: for

text: the

text: Silver

text: Bravery

text: Medal

text: but

text: was

text: taken

text: prisoner

text: of

text: war

text: before

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: formally

text: presented

text: On

text: March

text: while

text: in

text: Bukovina

text: he

text: was

text: seriously

text: wounded

text: and

text: captured

text: by

text: the

text: Russians

question: When was he conscripted into the army?

answer: 1913

question: What position in the army did he become after office school?

answer: sergeant

text: sergeant

question: What competition did he win a silver medal in?

answer: fencing

text: fencing

question: For what crime was he arrested?

answer: anti-war propaganda

text: anti-war propaganda

question: Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at?

answer: Bukovina

text: Bukovina


text: Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements, the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied; unlike the UN Command, they lacked naval and air support. To relieve the Pusan Perimeter, General MacArthur recommended an amphibious landing at Inchon (now known as Incheon), near Seoul and well over 100 miles (160 km) behind the KPA lines. On 6 July, he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay, Commander, 1st Cavalry Division, to plan the division's amphibious landing at Incheon; on 12–14 July, the 1st Cavalry Division embarked from Yokohama, Japan to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Against

text: the

text: rested

text: and

text: re

text: armed

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

text: defenders

text: and

text: their

text: reinforcements

text: the

text: KPA

text: were

text: undermanned

text: and

text: poorly

text: supplied

text: unlike

text: the

text: UN

text: Command

text: they

text: lacked

text: naval

text: and

text: air

text: support

text: To

text: relieve

text: the

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: recommended

text: an

text: amphibious

text: landing

text: at

text: Inchon

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Incheon

text: near

text: Seoul

text: and

text: well

text: over

text: miles

text: km

text: behind

text: the

text: KPA

text: lines

text: On

text: July

text: he

text: ordered

text: Major

text: General

text: Hobart

text: R.

text: Gay

text: Commander

text: Cavalry

text: Division

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: division

text: 's

text: amphibious

text: landing

text: at

text: Incheon

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: Cavalry

text: Division

text: embarked

text: from

text: Yokohama

text: Japan

text: to

text: reinforce

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: inside

text: the

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

question: Why did General MacArthur suggest an amphibious landing at Inchon?

answer: To relieve the Pusan Perimeter

text: To relieve the Pusan Perimeter

question: Who did General MacArthur ask to plan the amphibious attack?

answer: Major General Hobart R. Gay

text: Major General Hobart R. Gay

question: Where did the 1st Infantry deploy from?

answer: Yokohama, Japan

text: Yokohama, Japan

question: Why were KPA forces unable to adequately defend themselves against UN forces?

answer: the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied

text: the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied