text: This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood. His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon. Even professional philosophers struggled to follow Whitehead's writings. One famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy centers around the delivery of Whitehead's Gifford lectures in 1927–28 – following Arthur Eddington's lectures of the year previous – which Whitehead would later publish as Process and Reality:

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: This

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: thought

text: was

text: widely

text: accepted

text: or

text: even

text: well

text: understood

text: His

text: philosophical

text: work

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: difficult

text: to

text: understand

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: canon

text: Even

text: professional

text: philosophers

text: struggled

text: to

text: follow

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: writings

text: One

text: famous

text: story

text: illustrating

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: difficulty

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: philosophy

text: centers

text: around

text: the

text: delivery

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: Gifford

text: lectures

text: in

text: following

text: Arthur

text: Eddington

text: 's

text: lectures

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: previous

text: which

text: Whitehead

text: would

text: later

text: publish

text: as

text: Process

text: and

text: Reality

question: What is the general opinion of the difficulty level of Whitehead's work in philosophy?

answer: generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon

text: generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon

question: What lectures did Whitehead present in 1927-28?

answer: Gifford lectures

text: Gifford lectures

question: Under what name were those lectures later published?

answer: Process and Reality

text: Process and Reality

question: Who also struggled to follow Whitehead's writings?

answer: professional philosophers

text: professional philosophers

question: Following Arthur Eddington's lectures, what did Whitehead  publish?

answer: Process and Reality

text: Process and Reality

question: When did Whitehead delivery the Gifford lectures?

answer: 1927–28

question: In all of the western canon, what is Whitehead's work considered?

answer: the most difficult to understand

text: the most difficult to understand


text: Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the counties in size at 11,551 km2 (4,460 sq mi), while Montserrado is the smallest at 1,909 km2 (737 sq mi). Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: Liberia

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: fifteen

text: counties

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: subdivided

text: into

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: districts

text: and

text: further

text: subdivided

text: into

text: clans

text: The

text: oldest

text: counties

text: are

text: Grand

text: Bassa

text: and

text: Montserrado

text: both

text: founded

text: in

text: prior

text: to

text: Liberian

text: independence

text: Gbarpolu

text: is

text: the

text: newest

text: county

text: created

text: in

text: Nimba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: counties

text: in

text: size

text: at

text: sq

text: mi

text: while

text: Montserrado

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: at

text: sq

text: mi

text: Montserrado

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: with

text: residents

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: census

question: How many counties is liberia divided into?

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

question: How many districts are the 15 counties of liberia divided into?

answer: 90

question: What is the oldest county in liberia?

answer: Grand Bassa

text: Grand Bassa

question: When was Grand Bassa founded?

answer: 1839

question: What is Liberia's newest county?

answer: Gbarpolu

text: Gbarpolu


text: A professional wrestling match can end in a draw. A draw occurs if both opponents are simultaneously disqualified (as via countout or if the referee loses complete control of the match and both opponents attack each other with no regard to being in a match, like Brock Lesnar vs. Undertaker at Unforgiven in 2002), neither opponent is able to answer a ten-count, or both opponents simultaneously win the match. The latter can occur if, for example, one opponent's shoulders touch the mat while maintaining a submission hold against another opponent. If the opponent in the hold begins to tap out at the same time a referee counts to three for pinning the opponent delivering the hold, both opponents have legally achieved scoring conditions simultaneously. Traditionally, a championship may not change hands in the event of a draw (though it may become vacant), though some promotions such as TNA have endorsed rules where the champion may lose a title by disqualification. A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period (a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway").

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: A

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: match

text: can

text: end

text: in

text: a

text: draw

text: A

text: draw

text: occurs

text: if

text: both

text: opponents

text: are

text: simultaneously

text: disqualified

text: as

text: via

text: countout

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: referee

text: loses

text: complete

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: and

text: both

text: opponents

text: attack

text: each

text: other

text: with

text: no

text: regard

text: to

text: being

text: in

text: a

text: match

text: like

text: Brock

text: Lesnar

text: vs.

text: Undertaker

text: at

text: Unforgiven

text: in

text: neither

text: opponent

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: answer

text: a

text: ten

text: count

text: or

text: both

text: opponents

text: simultaneously

text: win

text: the

text: match

text: The

text: latter

text: can

text: occur

text: if

text: for

text: example

text: one

text: opponent

text: 's

text: shoulders

text: touch

text: the

text: mat

text: while

text: maintaining

text: a

text: submission

text: hold

text: against

text: another

text: opponent

text: If

text: the

text: opponent

text: in

text: the

text: hold

text: begins

text: to

text: tap

text: out

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: a

text: referee

text: counts

text: to

text: three

text: for

text: pinning

text: the

text: opponent

text: delivering

text: the

text: hold

text: both

text: opponents

text: have

text: legally

text: achieved

text: scoring

text: conditions

text: simultaneously

text: Traditionally

text: a

text: championship

text: may

text: not

text: change

text: hands

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: a

text: draw

text: though

text: it

text: may

text: become

text: vacant

text: though

text: some

text: promotions

text: such

text: as

text: TNA

text: have

text: endorsed

text: rules

text: where

text: the

text: champion

text: may

text: lose

text: a

text: title

text: by

text: disqualification

text: A

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: draw

text: is

text: the

text: time

text: limit

text: draw

text: where

text: the

text: match

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: winner

text: by

text: a

text: specified

text: time

text: period

text: a

text: one

text: hour

text: draw

text: which

text: was

text: once

text: common

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: wrestling

text: circles

text: as

text: a

text: Broadway

question: What is one way a match can end?

answer: in a draw

text: in a draw

question: What is one reason a draw can result?

answer: if both opponents are simultaneously disqualified

text: if both opponents are simultaneously disqualified

question: What usually happens regarding a championship during a draw?

answer: may not change hands in the event of a draw

text: may not change hands in the event of a draw

question: What is another name for a one hour draw?

answer: "Broadway"

text: "Broadway"


text: C trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words, something those programmers got used to. For example, a Swedish programmer mailing another programmer asking if they should go for lunch, could get "N{ jag har sm|rg}sar." as the answer, which should be "Nä jag har smörgåsar." meaning "No I've got sandwiches."

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: C

text: trigraphs

text: were

text: created

text: to

text: solve

text: this

text: problem

text: for

text: ANSI

text: C

text: although

text: their

text: late

text: introduction

text: and

text: inconsistent

text: implementation

text: in

text: compilers

text: limited

text: their

text: use

text: Many

text: programmers

text: kept

text: their

text: computers

text: on

text: US

text: ASCII

text: so

text: plain

text: text

text: in

text: Swedish

text: German

text: etc

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: e

text: mail

text: or

text: Usenet

text: contained

text: and

text: similar

text: variants

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: words

text: something

text: those

text: programmers

text: got

text: used

text: to

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: Swedish

text: programmer

text: mailing

text: another

text: programmer

text: asking

text: if

text: they

text: should

text: go

text: for

text: lunch

text: could

text: get

text: N

text: jag

text: har

text: sm|rg}sar

text: as

text: the

text: answer

text: which

text: should

text: be

text: Nä

text: jag

text: har

text: smörgåsar

text: meaning

text: No

text: I

text: 've

text: got

text: sandwiches

question: What was created to solve the problem for ANSI C?

answer: C trigraphs

text: C trigraphs

question: Why was their use limited?

answer: their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers

text: their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers

question: What did many programmers keep their computers on?

answer: US-ASCII

text: US-ASCII

question: What what happening to the words that were sent from programmers?

answer: contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words

text: contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words


text: Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifested by a neglect of Sanskrit in British academia. This was the beginning of a general push in favor of the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated to Britain as far as possible. Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English "common-sense view" that Indians constituted a "separate, inferior and unimprovable race".

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: Orientalist

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: like

text: Sir

text: William

text: Jones

text: marked

text: a

text: wave

text: of

text: enthusiasm

text: for

text: Indian

text: culture

text: and

text: for

text: Sanskrit

text: According

text: to

text: Thomas

text: Trautmann

text: after

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: Indomania

text: a

text: certain

text: hostility

text: to

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: to

text: Indian

text: culture

text: in

text: general

text: began

text: to

text: assert

text: itself

text: in

text: early

text: century

text: Britain

text: manifested

text: by

text: a

text: neglect

text: of

text: Sanskrit

text: in

text: British

text: academia

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: a

text: general

text: push

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: India

text: should

text: be

text: culturally

text: religiously

text: and

text: linguistically

text: assimilated

text: to

text: Britain

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: possible

text: Trautmann

text: considers

text: two

text: separate

text: and

text: logically

text: opposite

text: sources

text: for

text: the

text: growing

text: hostility

text: one

text: was

text: British

text: Indophobia

text: which

text: he

text: calls

text: essentially

text: a

text: developmentalist

text: progressivist

text: liberal

text: and

text: non

text: racial

text: essentialist

text: critique

text: of

text: Hindu

text: civilisation

text: as

text: an

text: aid

text: for

text: the

text: improvement

text: of

text: India

text: along

text: European

text: lines

text: the

text: other

text: was

text: scientific

text: racism

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: common

text: sense

text: view

text: that

text: Indians

text: constituted

text: a

text: separate

text: inferior

text: and

text: unimprovable

text: race

question: When was Sanskrit and Indian culture popular?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century

question: In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?

answer: early 19th century

text: early 19th century

question: How did the British academics show their feelings about Sanskrit?

answer: neglect

text: neglect

question: What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible?

answer: assimilated to Britain

text: assimilated to Britain

question: Besides assimilation of British culture, what else did the British consider Indians to be?

answer: inferior

text: inferior


text: A sequel to Spectre will begin development in spring 2016. Sam Mendes has stated he will not return to direct the next 007 film. Christoph Waltz has signed on for two more films in the series, but his return depends on whether or not Craig will again portray Bond.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: A

text: sequel

text: to

text: Spectre

text: will

text: begin

text: development

text: in

text: spring

text: Sam

text: Mendes

text: has

text: stated

text: he

text: will

text: not

text: return

text: to

text: direct

text: the

text: next

text: film

text: Christoph

text: Waltz

text: has

text: signed

text: on

text: for

text: two

text: more

text: films

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: but

text: his

text: return

text: depends

text: on

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: Craig

text: will

text: again

text: portray

text: Bond

question: Christoph Waltz's appearance in future Bond movies is contingent on the appearance of which other actor?

answer: Craig

text: Craig

question: When will work being on the follow-up to Spectre?

answer: spring 2016

text: spring 2016

question: When will the sequel to Spectre being development?

answer: spring 2016.

text: spring 2016.


text: The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: began

text: its

text: own

text: regular

text: television

text: programming

text: from

text: the

text: basement

text: of

text: Broadcasting

text: House

text: London

text: on

text: August

text: The

text: studio

text: moved

text: to

text: larger

text: quarters

text: in

text: Portland

text: Place

text: London

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: continued

text: broadcasting

text: the

text: images

text: carried

text: by

text: telephone

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: medium

text: wave

text: transmitter

text: at

text: Brookmans

text: Park

text: until

text: September

text: by

text: which

text: time

text: advances

text: in

text: all

text: electronic

text: television

text: systems

text: made

text: the

text: electromechanical

text: broadcasts

text: obsolete

question: Where was the BBC's first studio located?

answer: Broadcasting House, London

text: Broadcasting House, London

question: What was the medium that brought the BBC's signal to the transmitter?

answer: telephone line

text: telephone line

question: What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935?

answer: electromechanical

text: electromechanical

question: Where was the BBC's second studio located?

answer: 16 Portland Place, London

text: 16 Portland Place, London

question: When did the BBC first change studios?

answer: February 1934

text: February 1934


text: Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloys date to 3000 BC. The Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe around 3700–3300 BC, in Northwestern Europe about 2500 BC. It ended with the beginning of the Iron Age, 2000–1000 BC in the Near East, 600 BC in Northern Europe. The transition between the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age was formerly termed the Chalcolithic period (copper-stone), with copper tools being used with stone tools. This term has gradually fallen out of favor because in some parts of the world the Chalcolithic and Neolithic are coterminous at both ends. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is of much more recent origin. It was known to the Greeks, but became a significant supplement to bronze during the Roman Empire.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Alloying

text: copper

text: with

text: tin

text: to

text: make

text: bronze

text: was

text: first

text: practiced

text: about

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: copper

text: smelting

text: and

text: about

text: years

text: after

text: natural

text: bronze

text: had

text: come

text: into

text: general

text: use[citation

text: needed

text: Bronze

text: artifacts

text: from

text: the

text: Vinča

text: culture

text: date

text: to

text: BC

text: Sumerian

text: and

text: Egyptian

text: artifacts

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: bronze

text: alloys

text: date

text: to

text: BC

text: The

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: began

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: around

text: BC

text: in

text: Northwestern

text: Europe

text: about

text: BC

text: It

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: BC

text: in

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: BC

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: The

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: was

text: formerly

text: termed

text: the

text: Chalcolithic

text: period

text: copper

text: stone

text: with

text: copper

text: tools

text: being

text: used

text: with

text: stone

text: tools

text: This

text: term

text: has

text: gradually

text: fallen

text: out

text: of

text: favor

text: because

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: Chalcolithic

text: and

text: Neolithic

text: are

text: coterminous

text: at

text: both

text: ends

text: Brass

text: an

text: alloy

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: zinc

text: is

text: of

text: much

text: more

text: recent

text: origin

text: It

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: Greeks

text: but

text: became

text: a

text: significant

text: supplement

text: to

text: bronze

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered?

answer: Alloying copper with tin to make bronze

text: Alloying copper with tin to make bronze

question: What are the first datings of Bronze artifacts from the Vinca culture?

answer: 4500 BC

text: 4500 BC

question: When did the Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe?

answer: 3700–3300 BC

text: 3700–3300 BC

question: What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called?

answer: Chalcolithic

text: Chalcolithic

question: What is an alloy of copper and zinc?

answer: Brass

text: Brass


text: Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "In American college education," explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism." Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation "opened up a whole other pool of very bright students." Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Hesburgh

text: is

text: also

text: credited

text: with

text: transforming

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: by

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: coeducational

text: institution

text: In

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: and

text: Saint

text: Mary

text: 's

text: College

text: developed

text: a

text: co

text: exchange

text: program

text: whereby

text: several

text: hundred

text: students

text: took

text: classes

text: not

text: offered

text: at

text: their

text: home

text: institution

text: an

text: arrangement

text: that

text: added

text: undergraduate

text: women

text: to

text: a

text: campus

text: that

text: already

text: had

text: a

text: few

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: graduate

text: schools

text: After

text: extensive

text: debate

text: merging

text: with

text: St.

text: Mary

text: 's

text: was

text: rejected

text: primarily

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: differential

text: in

text: faculty

text: qualifications

text: and

text: pay

text: scales

text: In

text: American

text: college

text: education

text: explained

text: the

text: Rev.

text: Charles

text: E.

text: Sheedy

text: C.S.C.

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: 's

text: Dean

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Letters

text: certain

text: features

text: formerly

text: considered

text: advantageous

text: and

text: enviable

text: are

text: now

text: seen

text: as

text: anachronistic

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: place

text: In

text: this

text: environment

text: of

text: diversity

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: the

text: sexes

text: is

text: a

text: normal

text: and

text: expected

text: aspect

text: replacing

text: separatism

text: Thomas

text: Blantz

text: C.S.C.

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: 's

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: Student

text: Affairs

text: added

text: that

text: coeducation

text: opened

text: up

text: a

text: whole

text: other

text: pool

text: of

text: very

text: bright

text: students

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: male

text: residence

text: halls

text: were

text: converted

text: for

text: the

text: newly

text: admitted

text: female

text: students

text: that

text: first

text: year

text: while

text: two

text: others

text: were

text: converted

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: school

text: year

text: In

text: Mary

text: Ann

text: Proctor

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: undergraduate

text: she

text: transferred

text: from

text: St.

text: Mary

text: 's

text: College

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: graduate

text: was

text: Angela

text: Sienko

text: who

text: earned

text: a

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: in

text: marketing

question: What type of educational institute is Hesburgh given credit for creating at Notre Dame?

answer: coeducational

text: coeducational

question: Which role did Charles Sheedy have at Notre Dame?

answer: Dean of Arts and Letters

text: Dean of Arts and Letters

question: What title did Thomas Blantz have at Notre Dame?

answer: Vice President of Student Affairs

text: Vice President of Student Affairs

question: In what year did Notre Dame have its earliest undergraduate that was female?

answer: 1971

question: With what institute did Notre Dame agree to an exchange program in the 1960s?

answer: Saint Mary's College

text: Saint Mary's College


text: Other non-governmental estimations regarding the groups other than the Persians and Azerbaijanis roughly congruate with the World Factbook and the Library of Congress. However, many scholarly and organisational estimations regarding the number of these two groups differ significantly from the mentioned census. According to many of them, the number of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran comprises between 21.6–30% of the total population, with the majority holding it on 25%.cd In any case, the largest population of Azerbaijanis in the world live in Iran.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Other

text: non

text: governmental

text: estimations

text: regarding

text: the

text: groups

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: Persians

text: and

text: Azerbaijanis

text: roughly

text: congruate

text: with

text: the

text: World

text: Factbook

text: and

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Congress

text: However

text: many

text: scholarly

text: and

text: organisational

text: estimations

text: regarding

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: groups

text: differ

text: significantly

text: from

text: the

text: mentioned

text: census

text: According

text: to

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Azerbaijanis

text: in

text: Iran

text: comprises

text: between

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: holding

text: it

text: on

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: of

text: Azerbaijanis

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: live

text: in

text: Iran

question: Iran has the highest population of what group in the world?

answer: Azerbaijanis

text: Azerbaijanis

question: What is the percentage range of Iran's total population is seemingly comprised of Azerbaijanis?

answer: between 21.6–30%

text: between 21.6–30%

question: What is the majority of organizational estimations of Azerbaijanis' percentage of Iran's population?

answer: 25%


text: In the U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: News

text: World

text: Report

text: 's

text: America

text: ’s

text: Best

text: Colleges

text: issue

text: KU

text: ’s

text: School

text: of

text: Engineering

text: was

text: ranked

text: tied

text: for

text: among

text: national

text: universities

question: Who published America's Best Colleges in 2016?

answer: U.S. News & World Report

text: U.S. News & World Report

question: In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016?

answer: 90th

question: Against what other kinds of institutions was KU's engineering school compared?

answer: national universities

text: national universities


text: Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel. Among the casualties of this raid was the Swedish archbishop Johannes. The city remained occupied for some time, contributing to its decline as a center of commerce in the 13th century and the rise of Uppsala, Visby, Kalmar and Stockholm. The Livonian Chronicle describes the Oeselians as using two kinds of ships, the piratica and the liburna. The former was a warship, the latter mainly a merchant ship. A piratica could carry approximately 30 men and had a high prow shaped like a dragon or a snakehead and a rectangular sail. Viking-age treasures from Estonia mostly contain silver coins and bars. Saaremaa has the richest finds of Viking treasures after Gotland in Sweden. This strongly suggests that Estonia was an important transit country during the Viking era.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: raid

text: by

text: Oeselian

text: pirates

text: occurred

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: attack

text: on

text: the

text: Swedish

text: town

text: of

text: Sigtuna

text: by

text: Finnic

text: raiders

text: from

text: Couronia

text: and

text: Oesel

text: Among

text: the

text: casualties

text: of

text: this

text: raid

text: was

text: the

text: Swedish

text: archbishop

text: Johannes

text: The

text: city

text: remained

text: occupied

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: contributing

text: to

text: its

text: decline

text: as

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: commerce

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Uppsala

text: Visby

text: Kalmar

text: and

text: Stockholm

text: The

text: Livonian

text: Chronicle

text: describes

text: the

text: Oeselians

text: as

text: using

text: two

text: kinds

text: of

text: ships

text: the

text: piratica

text: and

text: the

text: liburna

text: The

text: former

text: was

text: a

text: warship

text: the

text: latter

text: mainly

text: a

text: merchant

text: ship

text: A

text: piratica

text: could

text: carry

text: approximately

text: men

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: high

text: prow

text: shaped

text: like

text: a

text: dragon

text: or

text: a

text: snakehead

text: and

text: a

text: rectangular

text: sail

text: Viking

text: age

text: treasures

text: from

text: Estonia

text: mostly

text: contain

text: silver

text: coins

text: and

text: bars

text: Saaremaa

text: has

text: the

text: richest

text: finds

text: of

text: Viking

text: treasures

text: after

text: Gotland

text: in

text: Sweden

text: This

text: strongly

text: suggests

text: that

text: Estonia

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: transit

text: country

text: during

text: the

text: Viking

text: era

question: What year did the Oeselian pirates carry out a famous raid?

answer: 1187

question: Who did the Oeselian pirates atack?

answer: the Swedish town of Sigtuna

text: the Swedish town of Sigtuna

question: What important figure was killed in the raid?

answer: Swedish archbishop Johannes

text: Swedish archbishop Johannes

question: What two ships were used by the Oeselian pirates?

answer: the piratica and the liburna

text: the piratica and the liburna

question: What type of ship was the liburna?

answer: merchant ship

text: merchant ship


text: In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: what

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: case

text: is

text: Town

text: of

text: Greece

text: v.

text: Galloway

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: agreed

text: to

text: hear

text: a

text: case

text: regarding

text: whether

text: prayers

text: at

text: town

text: meetings

text: which

text: are

text: allowed

text: must

text: allow

text: various

text: faiths

text: to

text: lead

text: prayer

text: or

text: whether

text: the

text: prayers

text: can

text: be

text: predominately

text: Christian

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruled

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: Town

text: of

text: Greece

text: by

text: holding

text: that

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: not

text: only

text: allows

text: for

text: prayer

text: at

text: government

text: meetings

text: but

text: also

text: for

text: sectarian

text: prayers

text: like

text: predominately

text: Christian

text: prayers

question: What case is in regards to whether prayers at town meetings must allow various faiths?

answer: Town of Greece v. Galloway

text: Town of Greece v. Galloway

question: When did the Supreme Court rule on Town of Greece v. Galloway?

answer: May 5, 2014

text: May 5, 2014

question: What was the Supreme Court's final vote in Town of Greece v. Galloway?

answer: 5-4

question: Who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?

answer: Town of Greece

text: Town of Greece

question: What did the Supreme Court rule the Constitution allowed for?

answer: sectarian prayers

text: sectarian prayers


text: One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: One

text: important

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: initiatives

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: ’s

text: impact

text: on

text: economic

text: development

text: The

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: movement

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: fully

text: successful

text: in

text: transitional

text: and

text: developing

text: countries

text: without

text: an

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: question

text: does

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: matter

text: for

text: economic

text: development

text: or

text: not

text: Constitutional

text: economics

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: compatibility

text: of

text: economic

text: and

text: financial

text: decisions

text: within

text: existing

text: constitutional

text: law

text: frameworks

text: and

text: such

text: a

text: framework

text: includes

text: government

text: spending

text: on

text: the

text: judiciary

text: which

text: in

text: many

text: transitional

text: and

text: developing

text: countries

text: is

text: completely

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: It

text: is

text: useful

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: methods

text: of

text: corruption

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: corruption

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: corruption

text: by

text: private

text: actors

question: The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied?

answer: economic development

text: economic development

question: What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy?

answer: Constitutional economics

text: Constitutional economics

question: In what branch of government is corruption examined?

answer: executive branch

text: executive branch

question: In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions?

answer: the executive

text: the executive

question: What is the term for corruption by individuals?

answer: corruption by private actors

text: corruption by private actors


text: Birds have a very efficient system for diffusing oxygen into the blood; birds have a ten times greater surface area to gas exchange volume than mammals. As a result, birds have more blood in their capillaries per unit of volume of lung than a mammal. The arteries are composed of thick elastic muscles to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction, and become more rigid as they move away from the heart. Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo vasoconstriction, and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body. As the arterioles move away from the heart and into individual organs and tissues they are further divided to increase surface area and slow blood flow. Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where gas exchange can occur. Capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues, it is here that blood exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide waste. In the capillary beds blood flow is slowed to allow maximum diffusion of oxygen into the tissues. Once the blood has become deoxygenated it travels through venules then veins and back to the heart. Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure. As blood travels through the venules to the veins a funneling occurs called vasodilation bringing blood back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the right ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs through the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the body.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: have

text: a

text: very

text: efficient

text: system

text: for

text: diffusing

text: oxygen

text: into

text: the

text: blood

text: birds

text: have

text: a

text: ten

text: times

text: greater

text: surface

text: area

text: to

text: gas

text: exchange

text: volume

text: than

text: mammals

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: birds

text: have

text: more

text: blood

text: in

text: their

text: capillaries

text: per

text: unit

text: of

text: volume

text: of

text: lung

text: than

text: a

text: mammal

text: The

text: arteries

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: thick

text: elastic

text: muscles

text: to

text: withstand

text: the

text: pressure

text: of

text: the

text: ventricular

text: constriction

text: and

text: become

text: more

text: rigid

text: as

text: they

text: move

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: heart

text: Blood

text: moves

text: through

text: the

text: arteries

text: which

text: undergo

text: vasoconstriction

text: and

text: into

text: arterioles

text: which

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: transportation

text: system

text: to

text: distribute

text: primarily

text: oxygen

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: nutrients

text: to

text: all

text: tissues

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: As

text: the

text: arterioles

text: move

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: heart

text: and

text: into

text: individual

text: organs

text: and

text: tissues

text: they

text: are

text: further

text: divided

text: to

text: increase

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: slow

text: blood

text: flow

text: Travelling

text: through

text: the

text: arterioles

text: blood

text: moves

text: into

text: the

text: capillaries

text: where

text: gas

text: exchange

text: can

text: occur

text: Capillaries

text: are

text: organized

text: into

text: capillary

text: beds

text: in

text: tissues

text: it

text: is

text: here

text: that

text: blood

text: exchanges

text: oxygen

text: for

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: waste

text: In

text: the

text: capillary

text: beds

text: blood

text: flow

text: is

text: slowed

text: to

text: allow

text: maximum

text: diffusion

text: of

text: oxygen

text: into

text: the

text: tissues

text: Once

text: the

text: blood

text: has

text: become

text: deoxygenated

text: it

text: travels

text: through

text: venules

text: then

text: veins

text: and

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: Veins

text: unlike

text: arteries

text: are

text: thin

text: and

text: rigid

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: withstand

text: extreme

text: pressure

text: As

text: blood

text: travels

text: through

text: the

text: venules

text: to

text: the

text: veins

text: a

text: funneling

text: occurs

text: called

text: vasodilation

text: bringing

text: blood

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: Once

text: the

text: blood

text: reaches

text: the

text: heart

text: it

text: moves

text: first

text: into

text: the

text: right

text: atrium

text: then

text: the

text: right

text: ventricle

text: to

text: be

text: pumped

text: through

text: the

text: lungs

text: for

text: further

text: gas

text: exchange

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: waste

text: for

text: oxygen

text: Oxygenated

text: blood

text: then

text: flows

text: from

text: the

text: lungs

text: through

text: the

text: left

text: atrium

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: ventricle

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: pumped

text: out

text: to

text: the

text: body

question: Why are birds' arteries composed of thick elastic muscles?

answer: to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction

text: to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction

question: What moves through the arteries?

answer: Blood

text: Blood

question: What is organized into capillary beds in tissues?

answer: Capillaries

text: Capillaries

question: What is the funneling that occurs that brings blood back to the heart?

answer: vasodilation

text: vasodilation


text: Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques" to further communal organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s. Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted "grassroots territorial organizations" that are recognized by the state certain rights to govern local areas.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Bolivian

text: highland

text: peasants

text: retained

text: indigenous

text: language

text: culture

text: customs

text: and

text: communal

text: organization

text: throughout

text: the

text: Spanish

text: conquest

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: independence

text: period

text: They

text: mobilized

text: to

text: resist

text: various

text: attempts

text: at

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: communal

text: landholdings

text: and

text: used

text: legal

text: recognition

text: of

text: empowered

text: caciques

text: to

text: further

text: communal

text: organization

text: Indigenous

text: revolts

text: took

text: place

text: frequently

text: until

text: While

text: the

text: National

text: Revolutionary

text: Movement

text: government

text: begun

text: in

text: discouraged

text: self

text: identification

text: as

text: indigenous

text: reclassifying

text: rural

text: people

text: as

text: campesinos

text: or

text: peasants

text: renewed

text: ethnic

text: and

text: class

text: militancy

text: re

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: Katarista

text: movement

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: Lowland

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: entered

text: national

text: politics

text: through

text: the

text: March

text: for

text: Territory

text: and

text: Dignity

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: CIDOB

text: confederation

text: That

text: march

text: successfully

text: pressured

text: the

text: national

text: government

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: ILO

text: Convention

text: and

text: to

text: begin

text: the

text: still

text: ongoing

text: process

text: of

text: recognizing

text: and

text: titling

text: indigenous

text: territories

text: The

text: Law

text: of

text: Popular

text: Participation

text: granted

text: grassroots

text: territorial

text: organizations

text: that

text: are

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: certain

text: rights

text: to

text: govern

text: local

text: areas

question: Who retained indigenous language and culture after the Spanish conquest?

answer: Bolivian highland peasants

text: Bolivian highland peasants

question: What re-emerged during the Katarista movement in the 1970s?

answer: ethnic and class militancy

text: ethnic and class militancy

question: What did the highland peasants resist attempts at?

answer: dissolution of communal landholdings

text: dissolution of communal landholdings

question: What took place frequently until 1953?

answer: Indigenous revolts

text: Indigenous revolts

question: What march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convetion 169?

answer: March for Territory and Dignity

text: March for Territory and Dignity


text: Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republic and Poland use red for historic heraldic reasons (see Coat of arms of Poland and Coat of arms of the Czech Republic) & not due to Pan-Slavic connotations. In 2004 Georgia adopted a new white flag, which consists of four small and one big red cross in the middle touching all four sides.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: blue

text: and

text: white

text: are

text: also

text: the

text: Pan

text: Slavic

text: colors

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Slavic

text: solidarity

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Initially

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: flag

text: as

text: the

text: Slavic

text: movement

text: grew

text: they

text: were

text: adopted

text: by

text: other

text: Slavic

text: peoples

text: including

text: Slovaks

text: Slovenes

text: and

text: Serbs

text: The

text: flags

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Poland

text: use

text: red

text: for

text: historic

text: heraldic

text: reasons

text: see

text: Coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: Coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: Pan

text: Slavic

text: connotations

text: In

text: Georgia

text: adopted

text: a

text: new

text: white

text: flag

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: four

text: small

text: and

text: one

text: big

text: red

text: cross

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: touching

text: all

text: four

text: sides

question: When did the Slavic solidarity movement choose red blue and white as their colors?

answer: the late nineteenth century

text: the late nineteenth century

question: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag?

answer: 2004

question: What is in the middle of the Georgian flag?

answer: one big red cross

text: one big red cross

question: How many small crosses are on the Georgian flag?

answer: four

text: four

question: What were the Pan-Slavic colors originally?

answer: the colors of the Russian flag

text: the colors of the Russian flag


text: As musicians depended more and more on public support, public concerts became increasingly popular and helped supplement performers' and composers' incomes. The concerts also helped them to reach a wider audience. Handel, for example, epitomized this with his highly public musical activities in London. He gained considerable fame there with performances of his operas and oratorios. The music of Haydn and Mozart, with their Viennese Classical styles, are usually regarded as being the most in line with the Enlightenment ideals.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: As

text: musicians

text: depended

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: on

text: public

text: support

text: public

text: concerts

text: became

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: and

text: helped

text: supplement

text: performers

text: and

text: composers

text: incomes

text: The

text: concerts

text: also

text: helped

text: them

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: wider

text: audience

text: Handel

text: for

text: example

text: epitomized

text: this

text: with

text: his

text: highly

text: public

text: musical

text: activities

text: in

text: London

text: He

text: gained

text: considerable

text: fame

text: there

text: with

text: performances

text: of

text: his

text: operas

text: and

text: oratorios

text: The

text: music

text: of

text: Haydn

text: and

text: Mozart

text: with

text: their

text: Viennese

text: Classical

text: styles

text: are

text: usually

text: regarded

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: most

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: ideals

question: Whose incomes did public concerts help support?

answer: performers' and composers'

text: performers' and composers'

question: Handel gained considerable fame with performances of what two types of artistic work?

answer: operas and oratorios

text: operas and oratorios

question: Which two composers are usually regarded as being the most in line with the Enlightenment ideals?

answer: Haydn and Mozart

text: Haydn and Mozart

question: What style of music did Haydn and Mozart share?

answer: Viennese Classical

text: Viennese Classical


text: Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: Since

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: Federal

text: Duck

text: Stamps

text: has

text: generated

text: million

text: and

text: helped

text: to

text: purchase

text: or

text: lease

text: acres

text: sq

text: mi

text: of

text: habitat

text: The

text: stamps

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: license

text: to

text: hunt

text: migratory

text: birds

text: an

text: entrance

text: pass

text: for

text: all

text: National

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: areas

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: considered

text: collectors

text: items

text: often

text: purchased

text: for

text: aesthetic

text: reasons

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: hunting

text: and

text: birding

text: communities

text: Although

text: non

text: hunters

text: buy

text: a

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: Duck

text: Stamps

text: eighty

text: seven

text: percent

text: of

text: their

text: sales

text: are

text: contributed

text: by

text: hunters

text: which

text: is

text: logical

text: as

text: hunters

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: purchase

text: them

text: Distribution

text: of

text: funds

text: is

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: Migratory

text: Bird

text: Conservation

text: Commission

text: MBCC

question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?

answer: $670 million

text: $670 million

question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?

answer: 5,200,000 acres

text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?

answer: hunt migratory birds

text: hunt migratory birds

question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?

answer: hunters

text: hunters

question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?

answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

text: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?

answer: $670 million

text: $670 million

question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?

answer: 5,200,000 acres

text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?

answer: license to hunt migratory birds

text: license to hunt migratory birds

question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?

answer: eighty-seven

text: eighty-seven

question: Who manages distribution of funds?

answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)

text: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)


text: The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: have

text: been

text: drinking

text: ale

text: since

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: with

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: its

text: shores

text: in

text: the

text: Century

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: road

text: networks

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: inns

text: called

text: tabernae

text: in

text: which

text: travellers

text: could

text: obtain

text: refreshment

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: After

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: Roman

text: authority

text: in

text: the

text: Century

text: and

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Romano

text: British

text: kingdoms

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: established

text: alehouses

text: that

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: domestic

text: dwellings

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: alewife

text: would

text: put

text: a

text: green

text: bush

text: up

text: on

text: a

text: pole

text: to

text: let

text: people

text: know

text: her

text: brew

text: was

text: ready

text: These

text: alehouses

text: quickly

text: evolved

text: into

text: meeting

text: houses

text: for

text: the

text: folk

text: to

text: socially

text: congregate

text: gossip

text: and

text: arrange

text: mutual

text: help

text: within

text: their

text: communities

text: Herein

text: lies

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: public

text: house

text: or

text: Pub

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: colloquially

text: called

text: in

text: England

text: They

text: rapidly

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: becoming

text: so

text: commonplace

text: that

text: in

text: King

text: Edgar

text: decreed

text: that

text: there

text: should

text: be

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: alehouse

text: per

text: village

question: When did the inhabitants of the British Isles begin drinking ale?

answer: the Bronze Age

text: the Bronze Age

question: With the Roman road network, what were the first inns called?

answer: tabernae

text: tabernae

question: How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready?

answer: the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole

text: the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole

question: What did King Edgar decree in 965?

answer: there should be no more than one alehouse per village

text: there should be no more than one alehouse per village

question: During what historical epoch did Britons begin drinking ale?

answer: the Bronze Age

text: the Bronze Age

question: In what century did the Romans arrive in Britain?

answer: the 1st Century

text: the 1st Century

question: What was the Latin term for the Roman inns?

answer: tabernae

text: tabernae

question: In what century did the Romans leave Britain?

answer: 5th Century

text: 5th Century

question: What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?

answer: green

text: green


text: One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and first subway system (1897).

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Boston

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: the

text: Shawmut

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: by

text: Puritan

text: settlers

text: from

text: England

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: scene

text: of

text: several

text: key

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Boston

text: Massacre

text: the

text: Boston

text: Tea

text: Party

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Bunker

text: Hill

text: and

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Boston

text: Upon

text: American

text: independence

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: city

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: important

text: port

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: hub

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: center

text: for

text: education

text: and

text: culture

text: Through

text: land

text: reclamation

text: and

text: municipal

text: annexation

text: Boston

text: has

text: expanded

text: beyond

text: the

text: original

text: peninsula

text: Its

text: rich

text: history

text: attracts

text: many

text: tourists

text: with

text: Faneuil

text: Hall

text: alone

text: drawing

text: over

text: million

text: visitors

text: per

text: year

text: Boston

text: 's

text: many

text: firsts

text: include

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: first

text: public

text: school

text: Boston

text: Latin

text: School

text: and

text: first

text: subway

text: system

question: When was Boston founded?

answer: 1630

question: Where was Boston Founded?

answer: Shawmut Peninsula

text: Shawmut Peninsula

question: List one major event that took place in Boston.

answer: Boston Massacre

text: Boston Massacre

question: How many people visit Faneuil Hall annually?

answer: 20 million

text: 20 million

question: What year was Boston founded?

answer: 1630

question: What is the name of the peninsula Boston was founded on?

answer: the Shawmut Peninsula

text: the Shawmut Peninsula

question: Bostons rich history attracts many what each year?

answer: tourists

text: tourists

question: The Faneuil Hall draws over how many tourists to Boston each year?

answer: 20 million

text: 20 million


text: The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: The

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: has

text: what

text: is

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuously

text: functioning

text: internal

text: legal

text: system

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: much

text: later

text: than

text: Roman

text: law

text: but

text: predating

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: modern

text: European

text: civil

text: law

text: traditions

text: What

text: began

text: with

text: rules

text: canons

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Apostles

text: at

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: has

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: highly

text: complex

text: legal

text: system

text: encapsulating

text: not

text: just

text: norms

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: but

text: some

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Old

text: Testament

text: Roman

text: Visigothic

text: Saxon

text: and

text: Celtic

text: legal

text: traditions

question: What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe?

answer: The Catholic Church

text: The Catholic Church

question: What is a legal system older than Catholic law?

answer: Roman law

text: Roman law

question: What is the term for laws produced at the Council of Jerusalem?

answer: canons

text: canons

question: When was the Council of Jerusalem held?

answer: first century

text: first century

question: Apart from the Old and New Testaments, which other cultures influenced canon?

answer: Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic

text: Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic


text: FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: FBI

text: Directors

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: They

text: must

text: be

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: and

text: serve

text: a

text: term

text: of

text: office

text: of

text: five

text: years

text: with

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: ten

text: years

text: if

text: reappointed

text: unless

text: they

text: resign

text: or

text: are

text: fired

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: before

text: their

text: term

text: ends

text: J.

text: Edgar

text: Hoover

text: appointed

text: by

text: Calvin

text: Coolidge

text: in

text: was

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: director

text: serving

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: In

text: Congress

text: passed

text: legislation

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Omnibus

text: Crime

text: Control

text: and

text: Safe

text: Streets

text: Act

text: Pub

text: L.

text: June

text: Stat

text: that

text: specified

text: a

text: limit

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: two

text: terms

text: for

text: future

text: FBI

text: Directors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: requiring

text: Senate

text: confirmation

text: of

text: appointees

text: As

text: the

text: incumbent

text: this

text: legislation

text: did

text: not

text: apply

text: to

text: Hoover

text: only

text: to

text: his

text: successors

text: The

text: current

text: FBI

text: Director

text: is

text: James

text: B.

text: Comey

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: in

text: by

text: Barack

text: Obama

question: Who appoints FBI directors?

answer: President of the United States

text: President of the United States

question: What legislative body confirms FBI directors?

answer: United States Senate

text: United States Senate

question: How long is the term of a FBI director?

answer: five years

text: five years

question: What made Hoover stop serving as the FBI Director?

answer: his death

text: his death

question: Who is the current FBI director?

answer: James B. Comey

text: James B. Comey


text: In certain historical Christian, Islamic and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: certain

text: historical

text: Christian

text: Islamic

text: and

text: Jewish

text: cultures

text: among

text: others

text: espousing

text: ideas

text: deemed

text: heretical

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: still

text: is

text: subjected

text: not

text: merely

text: to

text: punishments

text: such

text: as

text: excommunication

text: but

text: even

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

question: What cultures are listed as examples of discipline for being a heretic?

answer: Christian, Islamic and Jewish

text: Christian, Islamic and Jewish


text: To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the European Union, especially with regard to sovereign debt as a percentage of each member state's gross domestic product, are designed to insure that assets offered to the bank as collateral are, at least in theory, all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: To

text: qualify

text: for

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: auctions

text: banks

text: must

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: offer

text: proof

text: of

text: appropriate

text: collateral

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: loans

text: to

text: other

text: entities

text: These

text: can

text: be

text: the

text: public

text: debt

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: but

text: a

text: fairly

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: private

text: banking

text: securities

text: are

text: also

text: accepted

text: The

text: fairly

text: stringent

text: membership

text: requirements

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: especially

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: sovereign

text: debt

text: as

text: a

text: percentage

text: of

text: each

text: member

text: state

text: 's

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: insure

text: that

text: assets

text: offered

text: to

text: the

text: bank

text: as

text: collateral

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: theory

text: all

text: equally

text: good

text: and

text: all

text: equally

text: protected

text: from

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: inflation

question: How does a bank make sure that they can participate in auctions?

answer: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities

text: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities

question: What kind of proof is acceptable for participation in auctions?

answer: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted

text: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted

question: What should all assets offered up as collateral be?

answer: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation

text: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation

question: What must be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions?

answer: sovereign debt

text: sovereign debt


text: Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005. Except for three patents, the US patents administered by Sisvel had all expired in 2015, however (the exceptions are: U.S. Patent 5,878,080, expires February 2017, U.S. Patent 5,850,456, expires February 2017 and U.S. Patent 5,960,037, expires 9. April 2017.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Sisvel

text: S.p

text: A.

text: and

text: its

text: U.S.

text: subsidiary

text: Audio

text: MPEG

text: Inc.

text: previously

text: sued

text: Thomson

text: for

text: patent

text: infringement

text: on

text: technology

text: but

text: those

text: disputes

text: were

text: resolved

text: in

text: November

text: with

text: Sisvel

text: granting

text: Thomson

text: a

text: license

text: to

text: their

text: patents

text: Motorola

text: followed

text: soon

text: after

text: and

text: signed

text: with

text: Sisvel

text: to

text: license

text: patents

text: in

text: December

text: Except

text: for

text: three

text: patents

text: the

text: US

text: patents

text: administered

text: by

text: Sisvel

text: had

text: all

text: expired

text: in

text: however

text: the

text: exceptions

text: are

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: expires

text: February

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: expires

text: February

text: and

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: expires

text: April

question: Who was sued for patent infringement on MP3 technology?

answer: Thomson

text: Thomson

question: Who initially sued to protect their patent rights?

answer: Sisvel S.p.A.

text: Sisvel S.p.A.

question: What did Sisvel grant Thomson to end the lawsuit?

answer: a license to their patents

text: a license to their patents

question: When did the majority of the patents held by Sisvel expire?

answer: 2015

question: When does the last patent held by Sisvel expire?

answer: 9. April 2017

text: 9. April 2017


text: Since the early days of rail transport in the United States, Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated out of Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of the SEPTA, the regional transit authority. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Since

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: rail

text: transport

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Philadelphia

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: hub

text: for

text: several

text: major

text: rail

text: companies

text: particularly

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Railroad

text: and

text: the

text: Reading

text: Railroad

text: The

text: Pennsylvania

text: Railroad

text: first

text: operated

text: Broad

text: Street

text: Station

text: then

text: Street

text: Station

text: and

text: Suburban

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: Reading

text: Railroad

text: operated

text: out

text: of

text: Reading

text: Terminal

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Convention

text: Center

text: The

text: two

text: companies

text: also

text: operated

text: competing

text: commuter

text: rail

text: systems

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Regional

text: Rail

text: system

text: The

text: two

text: systems

text: today

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: still

text: intact

text: but

text: now

text: connected

text: operate

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: system

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: SEPTA

text: the

text: regional

text: transit

text: authority

text: Additionally

text: the

text: PATCO

text: Speedline

text: subway

text: system

text: and

text: NJ

text: Transit

text: 's

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Line

text: operate

text: successor

text: services

text: to

text: southern

text: New

text: Jersey

question: Name 2 rail companies that use the city as a hub?

answer: Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad

text: Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad

question: Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station?

answer: Broad Street Station

text: Broad Street Station

question: Where did the Reading operate out of?

answer: Reading Terminal

text: Reading Terminal

question: What is Reading Terminal called now?

answer: Pennsylvania Convention Center

text: Pennsylvania Convention Center


text: In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical conditions are more prevalent in certain racial or ethnic groups than in others, without being sure of the cause of those differences. Recent interest in race-based medicine, or race-targeted pharmacogenomics, has been fueled by the proliferation of human genetic data which followed the decoding of the human genome in the first decade of the twenty-first century. There is an active debate among biomedical researchers about the meaning and importance of race in their research. Proponents of the use of racial categories in biomedicine argue that continued use of racial categorizations in biomedical research and clinical practice makes possible the application of new genetic findings, and provides a clue to diagnosis.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: policy

text: promotes

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: racially

text: categorized

text: data

text: to

text: identify

text: and

text: address

text: health

text: disparities

text: between

text: racial

text: or

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: In

text: clinical

text: settings

text: race

text: has

text: sometimes

text: been

text: considered

text: in

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: medical

text: conditions

text: Doctors

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: some

text: medical

text: conditions

text: are

text: more

text: prevalent

text: in

text: certain

text: racial

text: or

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: than

text: in

text: others

text: without

text: being

text: sure

text: of

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: those

text: differences

text: Recent

text: interest

text: in

text: race

text: based

text: medicine

text: or

text: race

text: targeted

text: pharmacogenomics

text: has

text: been

text: fueled

text: by

text: the

text: proliferation

text: of

text: human

text: genetic

text: data

text: which

text: followed

text: the

text: decoding

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: genome

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: first

text: century

text: There

text: is

text: an

text: active

text: debate

text: among

text: biomedical

text: researchers

text: about

text: the

text: meaning

text: and

text: importance

text: of

text: race

text: in

text: their

text: research

text: Proponents

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: racial

text: categories

text: in

text: biomedicine

text: argue

text: that

text: continued

text: use

text: of

text: racial

text: categorizations

text: in

text: biomedical

text: research

text: and

text: clinical

text: practice

text: makes

text: possible

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: new

text: genetic

text: findings

text: and

text: provides

text: a

text: clue

text: to

text: diagnosis

question: Who promotes the use of racially categorized data in the United States?

answer: federal government

text: federal government

question: What has race sometimes been used in clinical settings to diagnose and treat?

answer: medical conditions

text: medical conditions

question: What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups?

answer: more prevalent

text: more prevalent

question: What fueled the recent interest in race-based medicine?

answer: proliferation of human genetic data

text: proliferation of human genetic data

question: What do proponents of the use of racial categories in biomedicine think it makes possible?

answer: application of new genetic findings,

text: application of new genetic findings,


text: Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes the anus forms first, with the mouth developing secondarily. In most protostomes, cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm, called schizocoelous development, but in deuterostomes, it forms through invagination of the endoderm, called enterocoelic pouching. Deuterostome embryos undergo radial cleavage during cell division, while protostomes undergo spiral cleavage.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Deuterostomes

text: differ

text: from

text: protostomes

text: in

text: several

text: ways

text: Animals

text: from

text: both

text: groups

text: possess

text: a

text: complete

text: digestive

text: tract

text: However

text: in

text: protostomes

text: the

text: first

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: gut

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: embryological

text: development

text: the

text: archenteron

text: develops

text: into

text: the

text: mouth

text: with

text: the

text: anus

text: forming

text: secondarily

text: In

text: deuterostomes

text: the

text: anus

text: forms

text: first

text: with

text: the

text: mouth

text: developing

text: secondarily

text: In

text: most

text: protostomes

text: cells

text: simply

text: fill

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: gastrula

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: mesoderm

text: called

text: schizocoelous

text: development

text: but

text: in

text: deuterostomes

text: it

text: forms

text: through

text: invagination

text: of

text: the

text: endoderm

text: called

text: enterocoelic

text: pouching

text: Deuterostome

text: embryos

text: undergo

text: radial

text: cleavage

text: during

text: cell

text: division

text: while

text: protostomes

text: undergo

text: spiral

text: cleavage

question: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?

answer: both groups possess a complete digestive tract

text: both groups possess a complete digestive tract

question: In which group does the anus form first, with the mouth developing secondarily?

answer: deuterostomes

text: deuterostomes

question: What is the process in which cells fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm called?

answer: schizocoelous development

text: schizocoelous development

question: What is the process in which the mesoderm is formed through invagination of the endoderm called?

answer: enterocoelic pouching

text: enterocoelic pouching

question: What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division?

answer: radial cleavage

text: radial cleavage


text: Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from northern Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Although

text: spoken

text: Tibetan

text: varies

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: written

text: language

text: based

text: on

text: Classical

text: Tibetan

text: is

text: consistent

text: throughout

text: This

text: is

text: probably

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: long

text: standing

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: empire

text: whose

text: rule

text: embraced

text: and

text: extended

text: at

text: times

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: present

text: Tibetan

text: linguistic

text: area

text: which

text: runs

text: from

text: northern

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: Yunnan

text: and

text: Sichuan

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: north

text: of

text: Qinghai

text: Lake

text: south

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Bhutan

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: language

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: script

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: Ladakhi

text: and

text: Dzongkha

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: Brāhmī

text: script

question: What is written Tibetan base on?

answer: Classical Tibetan

text: Classical Tibetan

question: What influenced the consistency of the written Tibetan language?

answer: Tibetan empire

text: Tibetan empire

question: From what was the Tibetan language's script derived?

answer: ancient Indian Brāhmī script

text: ancient Indian Brāhmī script


text: A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: A

text: microbrewery

text: or

text: craft

text: brewery

text: produces

text: a

text: limited

text: amount

text: of

text: beer

text: The

text: maximum

text: amount

text: of

text: beer

text: a

text: brewery

text: can

text: produce

text: and

text: still

text: be

text: classed

text: as

text: a

text: microbrewery

text: varies

text: by

text: region

text: and

text: by

text: authority

text: though

text: is

text: usually

text: around

text: barrels

text: megalitres

text: thousand

text: imperial

text: gallons

text: or

text: thousand

text: US

text: gallons

text: a

text: year

text: A

text: brewpub

text: is

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: microbrewery

text: that

text: incorporates

text: a

text: pub

text: or

text: other

text: eating

text: establishment

text: The

text: highest

text: density

text: of

text: breweries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: microbreweries

text: exists

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Region

text: of

text: Franconia

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Upper

text: Franconia

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: breweries

text: The

text: Benedictine

text: Weihenstephan

text: Brewery

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: Germany

text: can

text: trace

text: its

text: roots

text: to

text: the

text: year

text: as

text: a

text: document

text: from

text: that

text: year

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: hop

text: garden

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: paying

text: a

text: tithe

text: to

text: the

text: monastery

text: The

text: brewery

text: was

text: licensed

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Freising

text: in

text: and

text: therefore

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: working

text: brewery

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?

answer: microbrewery

text: microbrewery

question: What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?

answer: brewpub

text: brewpub

question: In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?

answer: around 15,000 barrels

text: around 15,000 barrels

question: What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?

answer: Freising

text: Freising

question: What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?

answer: 1040


text: As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, most of Britain's forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Scandinavia, North America, and the Baltic. Most forest land in Ireland is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in east and north Scotland and in southeast England. Oak, elm, ash and beech are amongst the most common trees in England. In Scotland, pine and birch are most common. Natural forests in Ireland are mainly oak, ash, wych elm, birch and pine. Beech and lime, though not native to Ireland, are also common there. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: As

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: Europe

text: prehistoric

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: were

text: covered

text: with

text: forest

text: and

text: swamp

text: Clearing

text: began

text: around

text: BC

text: and

text: accelerated

text: in

text: medieval

text: times

text: Despite

text: this

text: Britain

text: retained

text: its

text: primeval

text: forests

text: longer

text: than

text: most

text: of

text: Europe

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: small

text: population

text: and

text: later

text: development

text: of

text: trade

text: and

text: industry

text: and

text: wood

text: shortages

text: were

text: not

text: a

text: problem

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: most

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: forests

text: were

text: consumed

text: for

text: shipbuilding

text: or

text: manufacturing

text: charcoal

text: and

text: the

text: nation

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: import

text: lumber

text: from

text: Scandinavia

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Most

text: forest

text: land

text: in

text: Ireland

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: state

text: forestation

text: programmes

text: Almost

text: all

text: land

text: outside

text: urban

text: areas

text: is

text: farmland

text: However

text: relatively

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: forest

text: remain

text: in

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: Scotland

text: and

text: in

text: southeast

text: England

text: Oak

text: elm

text: ash

text: and

text: beech

text: are

text: amongst

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: trees

text: in

text: England

text: In

text: Scotland

text: pine

text: and

text: birch

text: are

text: most

text: common

text: Natural

text: forests

text: in

text: Ireland

text: are

text: mainly

text: oak

text: ash

text: wych

text: elm

text: birch

text: and

text: pine

text: Beech

text: and

text: lime

text: though

text: not

text: native

text: to

text: Ireland

text: are

text: also

text: common

text: there

text: Farmland

text: hosts

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: semi

text: natural

text: vegetation

text: of

text: grasses

text: and

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Woods

text: hedgerows

text: mountain

text: slopes

text: and

text: marshes

text: host

text: heather

text: wild

text: grasses

text: gorse

text: and

text: bracken

question: When did the clearing of swamp land and forests begin in the British Isles?

answer: around 6000 BC

text: around 6000 BC

question: When did the clearing of the swamp land and forest begain to rapidly increase?

answer: medieval times

text: medieval times

question: Why was Britain able to keep its ancient forests longer than Europe?

answer: due to a small population

text: due to a small population

question: When did lumber shortages start to occur in Britain?

answer: 17th century

text: 17th century

question: What are three of the most typical type of tress that can be found in Ireland?

answer: oak, ash, wych elm

text: oak, ash, wych elm