text: The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST rules, zoneinfo updates are installed as part of ordinary system maintenance. In Unix-like systems the TZ environment variable specifies the location name, as in TZ=':America/New_York'. In many of those systems there is also a system-wide setting that is applied if the TZ environment variable isn't set: this setting is controlled by the contents of the /etc/localtime file, which is usually a symbolic link or hard link to one of the zoneinfo files. Internal time is stored in timezone-independent epoch time; the TZ is used by each of potentially many simultaneous users and processes to independently localize time display.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: IANA

text: time

text: zone

text: database

text: maps

text: a

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: named

text: location

text: 's

text: historical

text: and

text: predicted

text: clock

text: shifts

text: This

text: database

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: computer

text: software

text: systems

text: including

text: most

text: Unix

text: like

text: operating

text: systems

text: Java

text: and

text: the

text: Oracle

text: RDBMS

text: HP

text: 's

text: tztab

text: database

text: is

text: similar

text: but

text: incompatible

text: When

text: temporal

text: authorities

text: change

text: DST

text: rules

text: zoneinfo

text: updates

text: are

text: installed

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: ordinary

text: system

text: maintenance

text: In

text: Unix

text: like

text: systems

text: the

text: TZ

text: environment

text: variable

text: specifies

text: the

text: location

text: name

text: as

text: in

text: TZ=':America

text: In

text: many

text: of

text: those

text: systems

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: system

text: wide

text: setting

text: that

text: is

text: applied

text: if

text: the

text: TZ

text: environment

text: variable

text: is

text: n't

text: set

text: this

text: setting

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: the

text: /etc

text: localtime

text: file

text: which

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: symbolic

text: link

text: or

text: hard

text: link

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: zoneinfo

text: files

text: Internal

text: time

text: is

text: stored

text: in

text: timezone

text: independent

text: epoch

text: time

text: the

text: TZ

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: each

text: of

text: potentially

text: many

text: simultaneous

text: users

text: and

text: processes

text: to

text: independently

text: localize

text: time

text: display

question: The IANA database works by connecting names to what information about the location?

answer: historical and predicted clock shifts

text: historical and predicted clock shifts

question: IANA, or zoneinfo, updates are installed as a part of what ordinary function when changes to DST policy are made?

answer: system maintenance

text: system maintenance

question: What environment variable defines a location's name?

answer: TZ

text: TZ

question: What format is used to store internal time in systems that use zoneinfo?

answer: timezone-independent epoch time

text: timezone-independent epoch time

question: What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?

answer: tztab

text: tztab


text: The City of New York has an official television station run by the NYC Media Group and broadcasting from Bronx Community College, and Cablevision operates News 12 The Bronx, both of which feature programming based in the Bronx. Co-op City was the first area in the Bronx, and the first in New York beyond Manhattan, to have its own cable television provider. The local public-access television station BronxNet originates from Herbert H. Lehman College, the borough's only four year CUNY school, and provides government-access television (GATV) public affairs programming in addition to programming produced by Bronx residents.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: an

text: official

text: television

text: station

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: NYC

text: Media

text: Group

text: and

text: broadcasting

text: from

text: Bronx

text: Community

text: College

text: and

text: Cablevision

text: operates

text: News

text: The

text: Bronx

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: feature

text: programming

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: Co

text: op

text: City

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: beyond

text: Manhattan

text: to

text: have

text: its

text: own

text: cable

text: television

text: provider

text: The

text: local

text: public

text: access

text: television

text: station

text: BronxNet

text: originates

text: from

text: Herbert

text: H.

text: Lehman

text: College

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: only

text: four

text: year

text: CUNY

text: school

text: and

text: provides

text: government

text: access

text: television

text: GATV

text: public

text: affairs

text: programming

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: programming

text: produced

text: by

text: Bronx

text: residents

question: What channel in the Bronx does Cablevision run?

answer: News 12 The Bronx

text: News 12 The Bronx

question: Where is the official city TV station broadcast from?

answer: Bronx Community College

text: Bronx Community College

question: What is the Bronx's only 4-year CUNY college?

answer: Herbert H. Lehman College

text: Herbert H. Lehman College


text: The Princess Margaret Hospital on Funafuti is the only hospital in Tuvalu. The Tuvaluan medical staff at PMH in 2011 comprised the Director of Health & Surgeon, the Chief Medical Officer Public Health, an anaesthetist, a paediatric medical officer and an obstetrics and gynaecology medical officer. Allied health staff include two radiographers, two pharmacists, three laboratory technicians, two dieticians and 13 nurses with specialised training in fields including surgical nursing, anaesthesia nursing/ICU, paediatric nursing and midwifery. PMH also employs a dentist. The Department of Health also employs nine or ten nurses on the outer islands to provide general nursing and midwifery services.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: Princess

text: Margaret

text: Hospital

text: on

text: Funafuti

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: hospital

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: The

text: Tuvaluan

text: medical

text: staff

text: at

text: PMH

text: in

text: comprised

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: Health

text: Surgeon

text: the

text: Chief

text: Medical

text: Officer

text: Public

text: Health

text: an

text: anaesthetist

text: a

text: paediatric

text: medical

text: officer

text: and

text: an

text: obstetrics

text: and

text: gynaecology

text: medical

text: officer

text: Allied

text: health

text: staff

text: include

text: two

text: radiographers

text: two

text: pharmacists

text: three

text: laboratory

text: technicians

text: two

text: dieticians

text: and

text: nurses

text: with

text: specialised

text: training

text: in

text: fields

text: including

text: surgical

text: nursing

text: anaesthesia

text: nursing

text: ICU

text: paediatric

text: nursing

text: and

text: midwifery

text: PMH

text: also

text: employs

text: a

text: dentist

text: The

text: Department

text: of

text: Health

text: also

text: employs

text: nine

text: or

text: ten

text: nurses

text: on

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: to

text: provide

text: general

text: nursing

text: and

text: midwifery

text: services

question: What is the only hospital in Tuvalu?

answer: Princess Margaret Hospital

text: Princess Margaret Hospital

question: How many nurses does Princess Margaret have on staff?

answer: 13

question: On which island in Tuvalu is the hospital?

answer: Funafuti

text: Funafuti

question: What kind of nursing services do outer islands nurses provide?

answer: midwifery

text: midwifery

question: How many nurses are provided to the outer islands?

answer: nine or ten

text: nine or ten


text: Florida High Speed Rail was a proposed government backed high-speed rail system that would have connected Miami, Orlando, and Tampa. The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011. The second phase of the line was envisioned to connect Miami. By 2014, a private project known as All Aboard Florida by a company of the historic Florida East Coast Railway began construction of a higher-speed rail line in South Florida that is planned to eventually terminate at Orlando International Airport.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Florida

text: High

text: Speed

text: Rail

text: was

text: a

text: proposed

text: government

text: backed

text: high

text: speed

text: rail

text: system

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: connected

text: Miami

text: Orlando

text: and

text: Tampa

text: The

text: first

text: phase

text: was

text: planned

text: to

text: connect

text: Orlando

text: and

text: Tampa

text: and

text: was

text: offered

text: federal

text: funding

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: turned

text: down

text: by

text: Governor

text: Rick

text: Scott

text: in

text: The

text: second

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: was

text: envisioned

text: to

text: connect

text: Miami

text: By

text: a

text: private

text: project

text: known

text: as

text: All

text: Aboard

text: Florida

text: by

text: a

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: historic

text: Florida

text: East

text: Coast

text: Railway

text: began

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: higher

text: speed

text: rail

text: line

text: in

text: South

text: Florida

text: that

text: is

text: planned

text: to

text: eventually

text: terminate

text: at

text: Orlando

text: International

text: Airport

question: Along with Orlando, what city would have been connected to Miami via Florida High Speed Rail?

answer: Tampa

text: Tampa

question: Who was the governor of Florida in 2011?

answer: Rick Scott

text: Rick Scott

question: In what year did All Aboard Florida begin?

answer: 2014

question: From South Florida, where will All Aboard Florida stretch to?

answer: Orlando International Airport

text: Orlando International Airport

question: What company is responsible for All Aboard Florida?

answer: Florida East Coast Railway

text: Florida East Coast Railway


text: Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews).

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: has

text: two

text: official

text: languages

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: Arabic

text: Hebrew

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: is

text: spoken

text: everyday

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: Arabic

text: is

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: Arab

text: minority

text: and

text: Hebrew

text: is

text: taught

text: in

text: Arab

text: schools

text: English

text: was

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: during

text: the

text: Mandate

text: period

text: it

text: lost

text: this

text: status

text: after

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Israel

text: but

text: retains

text: a

text: role

text: comparable

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: as

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: road

text: signs

text: and

text: official

text: documents

text: Many

text: Israelis

text: communicate

text: reasonably

text: well

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: many

text: television

text: programs

text: are

text: broadcast

text: in

text: English

text: with

text: subtitles

text: and

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: taught

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: grades

text: in

text: elementary

text: school

text: In

text: addition

text: Israeli

text: universities

text: offer

text: courses

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: on

text: various

text: subjects

text: As

text: a

text: country

text: of

text: immigrants

text: many

text: languages

text: can

text: be

text: heard

text: on

text: the

text: streets

text: Due

text: to

text: mass

text: immigration

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: some

text: Ethiopian

text: Jews

text: live

text: in

text: Israel

text: Russian

text: and

text: Amharic

text: are

text: widely

text: spoken

text: More

text: than

text: one

text: million

text: Russian

text: speaking

text: immigrants

text: arrived

text: in

text: Israel

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: states

text: between

text: and

text: French

text: is

text: spoken

text: by

text: around

text: Israelis

text: mostly

text: originating

text: from

text: France

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: see

text: Maghrebi

text: Jews

question: What are the two official languages of Israel?

answer: Hebrew and Arabic

text: Hebrew and Arabic

question: How many Israelis speak French?

answer: 700,000

question: How many Russian immigrants arrived in Israel?

answer: one million

text: one million


text: The city's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers. These include El Planeta (owned by the former publisher of The Boston Phoenix), El Mundo, and La Semana. Siglo21, with its main offices in nearby Lawrence, is also widely distributed.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: growing

text: Latino

text: population

text: has

text: given

text: rise

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: local

text: and

text: regional

text: Spanish

text: language

text: newspapers

text: These

text: include

text: El

text: Planeta

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: former

text: publisher

text: of

text: The

text: Boston

text: Phoenix

text: El

text: Mundo

text: and

text: La

text: Semana

text: with

text: its

text: main

text: offices

text: in

text: nearby

text: Lawrence

text: is

text: also

text: widely

text: distributed

question: Where is the main office of Siglo21?

answer: Lawrence

text: Lawrence

question: The former publisher of the Boston phoenix owns what Spanish newspaper?

answer: El Planeta

text: El Planeta


text: In addition to the minimal units that can serve the purpose of differentiating meaning (the phonemes), phonology studies how sounds alternate, i.e. replace one another in different forms of the same morpheme (allomorphs), as well as, for example, syllable structure, stress, feature geometry, accent, and intonation.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: minimal

text: units

text: that

text: can

text: serve

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: differentiating

text: meaning

text: the

text: phonemes

text: phonology

text: studies

text: how

text: sounds

text: alternate

text: i.e.

text: replace

text: one

text: another

text: in

text: different

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: morpheme

text: allomorphs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: example

text: syllable

text: structure

text: stress

text: feature

text: geometry

text: accent

text: and

text: intonation

question: What do phonemes differentiate?

answer: meaning

text: meaning

question: Aside from phonemes what is studied by phonology?

answer: how sounds alternate

text: how sounds alternate

question: The study of syllable structure is part of what discipline?

answer: phonology

text: phonology


text: Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: economy

text: is

text: primarily

text: driven

text: by

text: law

text: finance

text: and

text: government

text: with

text: federal

text: state

text: and

text: local

text: governmental

text: agencies

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: notable

text: legal

text: and

text: banking

text: firms

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeals

text: for

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Circuit

text: one

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: courts

text: of

text: appeals

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Bank

text: of

text: Richmond

text: one

text: of

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Banks

text: Dominion

text: Resources

text: and

text: MeadWestvaco

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: are

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: others

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

question: What things are important to the economy of Richmond?

answer: law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies

text: law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies

question: What judicial branches are located in Richmond?

answer: The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals

text: The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals

question: There is a Federal Reserve Bank located in Richmond.  How many are there, total?

answer: 12 Federal Reserve Banks

text: 12 Federal Reserve Banks

question: Name a Fortune 500 company with it's headquarters in Richmond

answer: Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco

text: Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco

question: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy?

answer: government

text: government

question: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond?

answer: Fourth

text: Fourth

question: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States?

answer: 13

question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist?

answer: 12

question: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond?

answer: Dominion Resources

text: Dominion Resources


text: On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and as far east as Bermuda. It damaged 2,000 buildings in Charleston and caused $6 million worth of damage ($133 million in 2006 dollars), at a time when all the city's buildings were valued around $24 million ($531 million in 2006 dollars).

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: On

text: August

text: Charleston

text: was

text: nearly

text: destroyed

text: by

text: an

text: earthquake

text: The

text: shock

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: moment

text: magnitude

text: of

text: and

text: a

text: maximum

text: Mercalli

text: intensity

text: of

text: X

text: Extreme

text: It

text: was

text: felt

text: as

text: far

text: away

text: as

text: Boston

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Chicago

text: and

text: Milwaukee

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: as

text: far

text: west

text: as

text: New

text: Orleans

text: as

text: far

text: south

text: as

text: Cuba

text: and

text: as

text: far

text: east

text: as

text: Bermuda

text: It

text: damaged

text: buildings

text: in

text: Charleston

text: and

text: caused

text: million

text: worth

text: of

text: damage

text: million

text: in

text: dollars

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: all

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: buildings

text: were

text: valued

text: around

text: million

text: million

text: in

text: dollars

question: What nearly destroyed Charleston in 1886?

answer: an earthquake

text: an earthquake

question: What date was the Charleston earthquake of 1886?

answer: August 31, 1886

text: August 31, 1886

question: How many buildings were damaged by the 1886 earthquake in Charleston?

answer: 2,000 buildings

text: 2,000 buildings

question: What was the cost of the damage of the 1886 earthquake to the city of Charleston?

answer: $6 million

text: $6 million

question: What was the total value of all of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake?

answer: $24 million

text: $24 million


text: While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court "form part of the law of the land", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: While

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: a

text: civil

text: law

text: nation

text: its

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: heavily

text: modelled

text: after

text: the

text: American

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: This

text: can

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Philippines

text: was

text: colonized

text: by

text: both

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: of

text: both

text: nations

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Philippine

text: laws

text: and

text: jurisprudence

text: Even

text: as

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: Philippine

text: laws

text: remain

text: mostly

text: codified

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Civil

text: Code

text: expressly

text: recognizes

text: that

text: decisions

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: class

text: as

text: statutes

text: The

text: Philippine

text: Constitution

text: also

text: explicitly

text: grants

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: judicial

text: review

text: over

text: laws

text: and

text: executive

text: actions

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: and

text: Associate

text: Justices

text: The

text: court

text: sits

text: either

text: en

text: banc

text: or

text: in

text: divisions

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: case

text: to

text: be

text: decided

question: What type of legal system is the Philippines officially?

answer: a civil law nation

text: a civil law nation

question: The high court in The Philippines is modeled after what judicial body?

answer: the American Supreme Court

text: the American Supreme Court

question: What document grants the Philippines Supreme Court the right of judicial review?

answer: 1987 Philippine Constitution

text: 1987 Philippine Constitution

question: How many justices make up the Philippines Supreme Court?

answer: 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices

text: 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices

question: When all judges of a court hear a case at once it is called?

answer: en banc

text: en banc


text: The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services, as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico, or more commonly to the northern border. By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: economic

text: reforms

text: of

text: President

text: Carlos

text: Salinas

text: de

text: Gortari

text: had

text: a

text: tremendous

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: businesses

text: including

text: banks

text: and

text: airlines

text: were

text: privatized

text: He

text: also

text: signed

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Agreement

text: NAFTA

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: decentralization

text: and

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: economic

text: base

text: from

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: services

text: as

text: most

text: factories

text: moved

text: away

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Mexico

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: border

text: By

text: contrast

text: corporate

text: office

text: buildings

text: set

text: their

text: base

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?

answer: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

text: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

question: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?

answer: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

text: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

question: What did NAFTA do to the businesses in Mexico City?

answer: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services

text: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services

question: Where did the factories of Mexico City move to most commonly?

answer: northern border

text: northern border


text: The controversy surrounding affirmative action's effectiveness is based on the idea of class inequality. Opponents of racial affirmative action argue that the program actually benefits middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans at the expense of lower-class European Americans and Asian Americans. This argument supports the idea of class-based affirmative action. America's poor is disproportionately made up of people of color, so class-based affirmative action would disproportionately help people of color. This would eliminate the need for race-based affirmative action as well as reducing any disproportionate benefits for middle- and upper-class people of color.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: controversy

text: surrounding

text: affirmative

text: action

text: 's

text: effectiveness

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: class

text: inequality

text: Opponents

text: of

text: racial

text: affirmative

text: action

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: program

text: actually

text: benefits

text: middle-

text: and

text: upper

text: class

text: African

text: Americans

text: and

text: Hispanic

text: Americans

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: lower

text: class

text: European

text: Americans

text: and

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: This

text: argument

text: supports

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: class

text: based

text: affirmative

text: action

text: America

text: 's

text: poor

text: is

text: disproportionately

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: so

text: class

text: based

text: affirmative

text: action

text: would

text: disproportionately

text: help

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: This

text: would

text: eliminate

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: race

text: based

text: affirmative

text: action

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: reducing

text: any

text: disproportionate

text: benefits

text: for

text: middle-

text: and

text: upper

text: class

text: people

text: of

text: color

question: Which idea is the controversy of affirmative action primarily based upon?

answer: class inequality

text: class inequality

question: Other than African Americans, who do detractors of affirmative action claim benefit most from affirmative action?

answer: Hispanic Americans

text: Hispanic Americans

question: At who's expense other than Asian Americans are upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans supposedly benefiting?

answer: lower-class European Americans

text: lower-class European Americans

question: What do some people believe should be the basis for affirmative action instead of race based legislation?

answer: class-based affirmative action

text: class-based affirmative action

question: Who primarily makes up America's poor group?

answer: people of color

text: people of color


text: These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was inaccuracy of navigation. The effectiveness of British countermeasures against Knickebein, which was designed to avoid area attacks, forced the Luftwaffe to resort to these methods. The shift from precision bombing to area attack is indicated in the tactical methods and weapons dropped. KGr 100 increased its use of incendiaries from 13–28 percent. By December, this had increased to 92 percent. Use of incendiaries, which were inherently inaccurate, indicated much less care was taken to avoid civilian property close to industrial sites. Other units ceased using parachute flares and opted for explosive target markers. Captured German air crews also indicated the homes of industrial workers were deliberately targeted.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: These

text: decisions

text: apparently

text: taken

text: at

text: the

text: Luftflotte

text: or

text: Fliegerkorps

text: level

text: see

text: Organisation

text: of

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: meant

text: attacks

text: on

text: individual

text: targets

text: were

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: by

text: what

text: was

text: for

text: all

text: intents

text: and

text: purposes

text: an

text: unrestricted

text: area

text: attack

text: or

text: Terrorangriff

text: Terror

text: Attack

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: was

text: inaccuracy

text: of

text: navigation

text: The

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: British

text: countermeasures

text: against

text: Knickebein

text: which

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: avoid

text: area

text: attacks

text: forced

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: to

text: resort

text: to

text: these

text: methods

text: The

text: shift

text: from

text: precision

text: bombing

text: to

text: area

text: attack

text: is

text: indicated

text: in

text: the

text: tactical

text: methods

text: and

text: weapons

text: dropped

text: KGr

text: increased

text: its

text: use

text: of

text: incendiaries

text: from

text: percent

text: By

text: December

text: this

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: percent

text: Use

text: of

text: incendiaries

text: which

text: were

text: inherently

text: inaccurate

text: indicated

text: much

text: less

text: care

text: was

text: taken

text: to

text: avoid

text: civilian

text: property

text: close

text: to

text: industrial

text: sites

text: Other

text: units

text: ceased

text: using

text: parachute

text: flares

text: and

text: opted

text: for

text: explosive

text: target

text: markers

text: Captured

text: German

text: air

text: crews

text: also

text: indicated

text: the

text: homes

text: of

text: industrial

text: workers

text: were

text: deliberately

text: targeted

question: Decision changes at organizational levels led to what type of attacks?

answer: unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack)

text: unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack)

question: What was one of the reasons for unrestricted area attacks?

answer: inaccuracy of navigation

text: inaccuracy of navigation

question: How was it known that precision bombing was changed to area attacks?

answer: tactical methods and weapons dropped

text: tactical methods and weapons dropped

question: What percentage of incendiaries were used in December?

answer: 92 percent

text: 92 percent

question: How was it determined that homes of industrial workers were targeted?

answer: Captured German air crews

text: Captured German air crews


text: According to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and parliament demanded a war, which the generals of Napoleon III assured him that France would win. Napoleon and his Prime Minister, Émile Ollivier, for their parts sought war to solve their problems with political disunity in France. On 16 July 1870, the French parliament voted to declare war on the German Kingdom of Prussia and hostilities began three days later. The German coalition mobilised its troops much more quickly than the French and rapidly invaded northeastern France. The German forces were superior in numbers, had better training and leadership and made more effective use of modern technology, particularly railroads and artillery.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: According

text: to

text: some

text: historians

text: Bismarck

text: adroitly

text: created

text: a

text: diplomatic

text: crisis

text: over

text: the

text: succession

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: throne

text: then

text: edited

text: a

text: dispatch

text: about

text: a

text: meeting

text: between

text: King

text: William

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: ambassador

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: appear

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: had

text: been

text: insulted

text: The

text: French

text: press

text: and

text: parliament

text: demanded

text: a

text: war

text: which

text: the

text: generals

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: assured

text: him

text: that

text: France

text: would

text: win

text: Napoleon

text: and

text: his

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Émile

text: Ollivier

text: for

text: their

text: parts

text: sought

text: war

text: to

text: solve

text: their

text: problems

text: with

text: political

text: disunity

text: in

text: France

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: French

text: parliament

text: voted

text: to

text: declare

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: German

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: hostilities

text: began

text: three

text: days

text: later

text: The

text: German

text: coalition

text: mobilised

text: its

text: troops

text: much

text: more

text: quickly

text: than

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: rapidly

text: invaded

text: northeastern

text: France

text: The

text: German

text: forces

text: were

text: superior

text: in

text: numbers

text: had

text: better

text: training

text: and

text: leadership

text: and

text: made

text: more

text: effective

text: use

text: of

text: modern

text: technology

text: particularly

text: railroads

text: and

text: artillery

question: A dispatch was edited about a meeting between the French ambassador and what Prussian king?

answer: King William

text: King William

question: What was the purpose of editing the dispatch?

answer: to make it appear that the French had been insulted

text: to make it appear that the French had been insulted

question: On which date did the French parliament vote to declare war on Prussia?

answer: 16 July 1870

text: 16 July 1870

question: What diplomatic crisis was Bismarck credited with skillfully creating?

answer: succession to the Spanish throne

text: succession to the Spanish throne

question: Where did the quickly mobilised troops first invade in France?

answer: northeastern France

text: northeastern France


text: The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: The

text: area

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: River

text: came

text: under

text: French

text: sovereignty

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Pierre

text: de

text: Brazza

text: 's

text: treaty

text: with

text: Makoko

text: of

text: the

text: Bateke

text: This

text: Congo

text: Colony

text: became

text: known

text: first

text: as

text: French

text: Congo

text: then

text: as

text: Middle

text: Congo

text: in

text: In

text: France

text: organized

text: French

text: Equatorial

text: Africa

text: AEF

text: comprising

text: Middle

text: Congo

text: Gabon

text: Chad

text: and

text: Oubangui

text: Chari

text: the

text: modern

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: The

text: French

text: designated

text: Brazzaville

text: as

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: Economic

text: development

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: colonial

text: rule

text: in

text: Congo

text: centered

text: on

text: natural

text: resource

text: extraction

text: The

text: methods

text: were

text: often

text: brutal

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: Ocean

text: Railroad

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: cost

text: at

text: least

text: lives

question: When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?

answer: 1880

question: Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?

answer: Pierre de Brazza

text: Pierre de Brazza

question: What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903?

answer: Middle Congo

text: Middle Congo

question: What group of French colonies was created in 1908?

answer: French Equatorial Africa

text: French Equatorial Africa

question: How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the Congo-Ocean Railroad?

answer: 14,000


text: The vast majority of visitors in Greece in 2007 came from the European continent, numbering 12.7 million, while the most visitors from a single nationality were those from the United Kingdom, (2.6 million), followed closely by those from Germany (2.3 million). In 2010, the most visited region of Greece was that of Central Macedonia, with 18% of the country's total tourist flow (amounting to 3.6 million tourists), followed by Attica with 2.6 million and the Peloponnese with 1.8 million. Northern Greece is the country's most-visited geographical region, with 6.5 million tourists, while Central Greece is second with 6.3 million.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: visitors

text: in

text: Greece

text: in

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: numbering

text: million

text: while

text: the

text: most

text: visitors

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: nationality

text: were

text: those

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: million

text: followed

text: closely

text: by

text: those

text: from

text: Germany

text: million

text: In

text: the

text: most

text: visited

text: region

text: of

text: Greece

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: total

text: tourist

text: flow

text: amounting

text: to

text: million

text: tourists

text: followed

text: by

text: Attica

text: with

text: million

text: and

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: with

text: million

text: Northern

text: Greece

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: most

text: visited

text: geographical

text: region

text: with

text: million

text: tourists

text: while

text: Central

text: Greece

text: is

text: second

text: with

text: million

question: Where does most of Greece's visitors come from?

answer: the European continent

text: the European continent

question: How many of Greece's visitors are from Europe?

answer: 12.7 million

text: 12.7 million

question: What is the single nation with the most visitors?

answer: United Kingdom

text: United Kingdom

question: Which part of Greece is the most visited?

answer: Central Macedonia

text: Central Macedonia

question: Northern Greece gets how many visitors?

answer: 6.5 million

text: 6.5 million


text: Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his "Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced "forced savings" on the capital sector and about the definition of a "natural" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced "a remarkable crop of critics" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate "could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past."

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Also

text: in

text: Hayek

text: critiqued

text: Keynes

text: 's

text: Treatise

text: on

text: Money

text: in

text: his

text: Reflections

text: on

text: the

text: pure

text: theory

text: of

text: Mr.

text: J.

text: M.

text: Keynes

text: and

text: published

text: his

text: lectures

text: at

text: the

text: LSE

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: as

text: Prices

text: and

text: Production

text: Unemployment

text: and

text: idle

text: resources

text: are

text: for

text: Keynes

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: effective

text: demand

text: for

text: Hayek

text: they

text: stem

text: from

text: a

text: previous

text: unsustainable

text: episode

text: of

text: easy

text: money

text: and

text: artificially

text: low

text: interest

text: rates

text: Keynes

text: asked

text: his

text: friend

text: Piero

text: Sraffa

text: to

text: respond

text: Sraffa

text: elaborated

text: on

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: inflation

text: induced

text: forced

text: savings

text: on

text: the

text: capital

text: sector

text: and

text: about

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: natural

text: interest

text: rate

text: in

text: a

text: growing

text: economy

text: Others

text: who

text: responded

text: negatively

text: to

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: business

text: cycle

text: included

text: John

text: Hicks

text: Frank

text: Knight

text: and

text: Gunnar

text: Myrdal

text: Kaldor

text: later

text: wrote

text: that

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: Prices

text: and

text: Production

text: had

text: produced

text: a

text: remarkable

text: crop

text: of

text: critics

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: pages

text: in

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: journals

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: resulting

text: debate

text: could

text: rarely

text: have

text: been

text: equalled

text: in

text: the

text: economic

text: controversies

text: of

text: the

text: past

question: Hayek's critical analysis of Keyne's work was published under what title?

answer: Prices and Production

text: Prices and Production

question: Apart from easy money, what did Hayek believe unemployment was caused by?

answer: artificially low interest rates

text: artificially low interest rates

question: Who did Keynes turn to for assistance in arguing his point to Hayek?

answer: Piero Sraffa

text: Piero Sraffa

question: According to Nicholas Kaldor, what had Hayek's book created?

answer: "a remarkable crop of critics"

text: "a remarkable crop of critics"


text: Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man. To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Ethical

text: commitments

text: in

text: anthropology

text: include

text: noticing

text: and

text: documenting

text: genocide

text: infanticide

text: racism

text: mutilation

text: including

text: circumcision

text: and

text: subincision

text: and

text: torture

text: Topics

text: like

text: racism

text: slavery

text: and

text: human

text: sacrifice

text: attract

text: anthropological

text: attention

text: and

text: theories

text: ranging

text: from

text: nutritional

text: deficiencies

text: to

text: genes

text: to

text: acculturation

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: not

text: to

text: mention

text: theories

text: of

text: colonialism

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: as

text: root

text: causes

text: of

text: Man

text: 's

text: inhumanity

text: to

text: man

text: To

text: illustrate

text: the

text: depth

text: of

text: an

text: anthropological

text: approach

text: one

text: can

text: take

text: just

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: racism

text: and

text: find

text: thousands

text: of

text: anthropological

text: references

text: stretching

text: across

text: all

text: the

text: major

text: and

text: minor

text: sub

text: fields

question: What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide?

answer: Ethical

text: Ethical

question: What is the proper term for circumcision?

answer: mutilation

text: mutilation

question: What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist?

answer: racism, slavery, and human sacrifice

text: racism, slavery, and human sacrifice

question: Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom?

answer: man

text: man

question: Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics?

answer: depth of an anthropological approach

text: depth of an anthropological approach


text: The Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally "black metal"). The Kuru state organized the Vedic hymns into collections, and developed the orthodox srauta ritual to uphold the social order. When the Kuru kingdom declined, the center of Vedic culture shifted to their eastern neighbours, the Panchala kingdom. The archaeological Painted Grey Ware culture, which flourished in the Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh regions of northern India from about 1100 to 600 BCE, is believed to correspond to the Kuru and Panchala kingdoms.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Kuru

text: kingdom

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: level

text: society

text: of

text: the

text: Vedic

text: period

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: in

text: northwestern

text: India

text: around

text: BCE

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: Atharvaveda

text: the

text: first

text: Indian

text: text

text: to

text: mention

text: iron

text: as

text: śyāma

text: ayas

text: literally

text: black

text: metal

text: The

text: Kuru

text: state

text: organized

text: the

text: Vedic

text: hymns

text: into

text: collections

text: and

text: developed

text: the

text: orthodox

text: srauta

text: ritual

text: to

text: uphold

text: the

text: social

text: order

text: When

text: the

text: Kuru

text: kingdom

text: declined

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Vedic

text: culture

text: shifted

text: to

text: their

text: eastern

text: neighbours

text: the

text: Panchala

text: kingdom

text: The

text: archaeological

text: Painted

text: Grey

text: Ware

text: culture

text: which

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: Haryana

text: and

text: western

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: regions

text: of

text: northern

text: India

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: BCE

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: correspond

text: to

text: the

text: Kuru

text: and

text: Panchala

text: kingdoms

question: What was the first state size society in the Vedic period?

answer: Kuru kingdom

text: Kuru kingdom

question: What is the dating of the Kuru kingdom?

answer: 1200 – 800 BCE

text: 1200 – 800 BCE

question: At the beginning of what age are the dates of the Kuru kingdom?

answer: Iron Age

text: Iron Age

question: What is the first Indian text to mention iron?

answer: Atharvaveda

text: Atharvaveda

question: When the Kuru kingdom declined, to what kingdom did Vedic culture go?

answer: Panchala

text: Panchala


text: The second largest higher-education institution is the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), which includes among many other relevant centers the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), where varied high-level scientific and technological research is done. Other major higher-education institutions in the city include the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), the National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (3 campuses), the Universidad Panamericana (UP), the Universidad La Salle, the Universidad del Valle de Mexico (UVM), the Universidad Anáhuac, Simon Bolivar University (USB), the Alliant International University, the Universidad Iberoamericana, El Colegio de México (Colmex), Escuela Libre de Derecho and the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica, (CIDE). In addition, the prestigious University of California maintains a campus known as "Casa de California" in the city. The Universidad Tecnológica de México is also in Mexico City.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: second

text: largest

text: higher

text: education

text: institution

text: is

text: the

text: National

text: Polytechnic

text: Institute

text: IPN

text: which

text: includes

text: among

text: many

text: other

text: relevant

text: centers

text: the

text: Centro

text: de

text: Investigación

text: y

text: de

text: Estudios

text: Avanzados

text: Cinvestav

text: where

text: varied

text: high

text: level

text: scientific

text: and

text: technological

text: research

text: is

text: done

text: Other

text: major

text: higher

text: education

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Autonomous

text: University

text: UAM

text: the

text: National

text: School

text: of

text: Anthropology

text: and

text: History

text: ENAH

text: the

text: Instituto

text: Tecnológico

text: Autónomo

text: de

text: México

text: ITAM

text: the

text: Monterrey

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Higher

text: Education

text: campuses

text: the

text: Universidad

text: Panamericana

text: UP

text: the

text: Universidad

text: La

text: Salle

text: the

text: Universidad

text: del

text: Valle

text: de

text: Mexico

text: UVM

text: the

text: Universidad

text: Anáhuac

text: Simon

text: Bolivar

text: University

text: USB

text: the

text: Alliant

text: International

text: University

text: the

text: Universidad

text: Iberoamericana

text: El

text: Colegio

text: de

text: México

text: Colmex

text: Escuela

text: Libre

text: de

text: Derecho

text: and

text: the

text: Centro

text: de

text: Investigación

text: y

text: Docencia

text: Económica

text: CIDE

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: prestigious

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: maintains

text: a

text: campus

text: known

text: as

text: Casa

text: de

text: California

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Universidad

text: Tecnológica

text: de

text: México

text: is

text: also

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

question: What is the second biggest education center in Mexico City?

answer: National Polytechnic Institute

text: National Polytechnic Institute

question: What American University has a big campus in Mexico City?

answer: University of California

text: University of California

question: What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City?

answer: Casa de California

text: Casa de California

question: Where is the Universidad Tecnologica located?

answer: Mexico City

text: Mexico City


text: The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system and, in vertebrates, an acquired or adaptive immune system. The latter is further divided into humoral (or antibody) and cell-mediated components.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: molecular

text: and

text: cellular

text: components

text: that

text: comprise

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: including

text: their

text: function

text: and

text: interaction

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: science

text: of

text: immunology

text: The

text: immune

text: system

text: has

text: been

text: divided

text: into

text: a

text: more

text: primitive

text: innate

text: immune

text: system

text: and

text: in

text: vertebrates

text: an

text: acquired

text: or

text: adaptive

text: immune

text: system

text: The

text: latter

text: is

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: humoral

text: or

text: antibody

text: and

text: cell

text: mediated

text: components

question: What is the basic, primitive part of the immune system known as?

answer: innate immune system

text: innate immune system

question: Vertebrates also have what type of immune system component?

answer: acquired or adaptive immune system

text: acquired or adaptive immune system

question: What is one type of adaptive immune system component?

answer: humoral (or antibody)

text: humoral (or antibody)

question: Name the other type of adaptive immune system component?

answer: cell-mediated

text: cell-mediated

question: The total immune system is generally composed of what types of structures?

answer: molecular and cellular components

text: molecular and cellular components


text: Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Cardigan

text: formed

text: up

text: his

text: unit

text: and

text: charged

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Balaclava

text: under

text: fire

text: from

text: Russian

text: batteries

text: in

text: the

text: hills

text: The

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: caused

text: casualties

text: of

text: the

text: unit

text: The

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: was

text: memorialized

text: in

text: the

text: famous

text: poem

text: by

text: Alfred

text: Lord

text: Tennyson

text: The

text: Charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: Although

text: traditionally

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: was

text: looked

text: upon

text: as

text: a

text: glorious

text: but

text: wasted

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: good

text: men

text: and

text: horses

text: recent

text: historians

text: say

text: that

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: did

text: succeed

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: objectives

text: The

text: aim

text: of

text: any

text: cavalry

text: charge

text: is

text: to

text: scatter

text: the

text: enemy

text: lines

text: and

text: frighten

text: the

text: enemy

text: off

text: the

text: battlefield

text: The

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: had

text: so

text: unnerved

text: the

text: Russian

text: cavalry

text: which

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: routed

text: by

text: the

text: Heavy

text: Brigade

text: that

text: the

text: Russian

text: Cavalry

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: full

text: scale

text: flight

text: by

text: the

text: subsequent

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

question: Who led the charge on the Valley of Balaclava?

answer: Cardigan

text: Cardigan

question: Who was Cardigan under fire from when advancing on the Valley of Balaclava?

answer: Russian batteries

text: Russian batteries

question: How many people did Cardigan lose during the Light Brigade?

answer: 278

question: Who wrote the famous poem about the Light Brigade?

answer: Alfred Lord Tennyson

text: Alfred Lord Tennyson

question: What was the name of the poem that memorialized the Light Brigade?

answer: The Charge of the Light Brigade

text: The Charge of the Light Brigade


text: He justified the program in terms of its importance to national security, and its focus of the nation's energies on other scientific and social fields. He rallied popular support for the program in his "We choose to go to the Moon" speech, on September 12, 1962, before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium, in Houston, Texas, near the construction site of the new Manned Spacecraft Center facility. Full text

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: He

text: justified

text: the

text: program

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: its

text: importance

text: to

text: national

text: security

text: and

text: its

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: energies

text: on

text: other

text: scientific

text: and

text: social

text: fields

text: He

text: rallied

text: popular

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: program

text: in

text: his

text: We

text: choose

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: the

text: Moon

text: speech

text: on

text: September

text: before

text: a

text: large

text: crowd

text: at

text: Rice

text: University

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: near

text: the

text: construction

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Manned

text: Spacecraft

text: Center

text: facility

text: Full

text: text

question: "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas?

answer: Rice University Stadium

text: Rice University Stadium


text: Communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within plant cells and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the root zone. Plant roots communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil. These interactions are governed by syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic rules,[citation needed] and are possible because of the decentralized "nervous system" of plants. The original meaning of the word "neuron" in Greek is "vegetable fiber" and recent research has shown that most of the microorganism plant communication processes are neuron-like. Plants also communicate via volatiles when exposed to herbivory attack behavior, thus warning neighboring plants. In parallel they produce other volatiles to attract parasites which attack these herbivores. In stress situations plants can overwrite the genomes they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grand- or great-grandparents.[citation needed]

title: Communication

title: Communication

text: Communication

text: is

text: observed

text: within

text: the

text: plant

text: organism

text: i.e.

text: within

text: plant

text: cells

text: and

text: between

text: plant

text: cells

text: between

text: plants

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: related

text: species

text: and

text: between

text: plants

text: and

text: non

text: plant

text: organisms

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: root

text: zone

text: Plant

text: roots

text: communicate

text: with

text: rhizome

text: bacteria

text: fungi

text: and

text: insects

text: within

text: the

text: soil

text: These

text: interactions

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: syntactic

text: pragmatic

text: and

text: semantic

text: rules,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: are

text: possible

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: decentralized

text: nervous

text: system

text: of

text: plants

text: The

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: neuron

text: in

text: Greek

text: is

text: vegetable

text: fiber

text: and

text: recent

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: microorganism

text: plant

text: communication

text: processes

text: are

text: neuron

text: like

text: Plants

text: also

text: communicate

text: via

text: volatiles

text: when

text: exposed

text: to

text: herbivory

text: attack

text: behavior

text: thus

text: warning

text: neighboring

text: plants

text: In

text: parallel

text: they

text: produce

text: other

text: volatiles

text: to

text: attract

text: parasites

text: which

text: attack

text: these

text: herbivores

text: In

text: stress

text: situations

text: plants

text: can

text: overwrite

text: the

text: genomes

text: they

text: inherited

text: from

text: their

text: parents

text: and

text: revert

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: their

text: grand-

text: or

text: great

text: grandparents.[citation

text: needed

question: What is a form of communication observed within plants?

answer: between plant cells

text: between plant cells

question: What part of a plant communicates with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil?

answer: roots

text: roots

question: What is the meaning of the word neuron in Greek?

answer: vegetable fiber

text: vegetable fiber

question: How do plants communicate to warn nearby plants of danger?

answer: via volatiles

text: via volatiles

question: How are the plant roots able to communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil?

answer: the decentralized "nervous system" of plants

text: the decentralized "nervous system" of plants


text: Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century. Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse. Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, all of which are held on the Schuylkill River. The regattas are hosted and organized by the Schuylkill Navy, an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous Olympic rowers.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Rowing

text: has

text: been

text: popular

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: Boathouse

text: Row

text: is

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: rich

text: rowing

text: history

text: and

text: each

text: Big

text: Five

text: member

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: boathouse

text: Philadelphia

text: hosts

text: numerous

text: local

text: and

text: collegiate

text: rowing

text: clubs

text: and

text: competitions

text: including

text: the

text: annual

text: Dad

text: Vail

text: Regatta

text: the

text: largest

text: intercollegiate

text: rowing

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: U.S

text: the

text: Stotesbury

text: Cup

text: Regatta

text: and

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Schuylkill

text: Regatta

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: Schuylkill

text: River

text: The

text: regattas

text: are

text: hosted

text: and

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Schuylkill

text: Navy

text: an

text: association

text: of

text: area

text: rowing

text: clubs

text: that

text: has

text: produced

text: numerous

text: Olympic

text: rowers

question: What water sport is popular in the city?

answer: Rowing

text: Rowing

question: What is the symbol of rowing in the city?

answer: Boathouse Row

text: Boathouse Row

question: What is the name of the big rowing races?

answer: Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta

text: Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta

question: Where are these races held?

answer: Schuylkill River

text: Schuylkill River


text: Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the north.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Punjab

text: is

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: province

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: at

text: sq

text: mi

text: after

text: Balochistan

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: Indian

text: plate

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: The

text: province

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kashmir

text: Azad

text: Kashmir

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Jammu

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Punjab

text: and

text: Rajasthan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Pakistani

text: province

text: of

text: Sindh

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Balochistan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Khyber

text: Pakhtunkhwa

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Islamabad

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: to

text: the

text: north

question: How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces?

answer: second largest

text: second largest

question: What is Pakistan's largest province?

answer: Balochistan

text: Balochistan

question: How many square miles is Punjab?

answer: 79,284

question: What Indian states are on the east side of Punjab, Pakistan?

answer: Punjab and Rajasthan

text: Punjab and Rajasthan

question: What Pakistani province is south of Punjab?

answer: Sindh

text: Sindh


text: Although Turkey and Israel did not establish full diplomatic relations until 1991, Turkey has cooperated with the State since its recognition of Israel in 1949. Turkey's ties to the other Muslim-majority nations in the region have at times resulted in pressure from Arab and Muslim states to temper its relationship with Israel. Relations between Turkey and Israel took a downturn after the 2008–09 Gaza War and Israel's raid of the Gaza flotilla. IHH, which organized the flotilla, is a Turkish charity that has been challenged on ties to Hamas and Al-Qaeda. Relations between Israel and Greece have improved since 1995 due to the decline of Israeli-Turkish relations. The two countries have a defense cooperation agreement and in 2010, the Israeli Air Force hosted Greece’s Hellenic Air Force in a joint exercise at the Uvda base. Israel is the second largest importer of Greek products in the Middle East. The joint Cyprus-Israel oil and gas explorations centered on the Leviathan gas field are an important factor for Greece, given its strong links with Cyprus. Cooperation in the world's longest sub-sea electric power cable, the EuroAsia Interconnector, has strengthened relations between Cyprus and Israel.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Although

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Israel

text: did

text: not

text: establish

text: full

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: until

text: Turkey

text: has

text: cooperated

text: with

text: the

text: State

text: since

text: its

text: recognition

text: of

text: Israel

text: in

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: nations

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: have

text: at

text: times

text: resulted

text: in

text: pressure

text: from

text: Arab

text: and

text: Muslim

text: states

text: to

text: temper

text: its

text: relationship

text: with

text: Israel

text: Relations

text: between

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Israel

text: took

text: a

text: downturn

text: after

text: the

text: Gaza

text: War

text: and

text: Israel

text: 's

text: raid

text: of

text: the

text: Gaza

text: flotilla

text: IHH

text: which

text: organized

text: the

text: flotilla

text: is

text: a

text: Turkish

text: charity

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: challenged

text: on

text: ties

text: to

text: Hamas

text: and

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: Relations

text: between

text: Israel

text: and

text: Greece

text: have

text: improved

text: since

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Israeli

text: Turkish

text: relations

text: The

text: two

text: countries

text: have

text: a

text: defense

text: cooperation

text: agreement

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Air

text: Force

text: hosted

text: Greece

text: ’s

text: Hellenic

text: Air

text: Force

text: in

text: a

text: joint

text: exercise

text: at

text: the

text: Uvda

text: base

text: Israel

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: importer

text: of

text: Greek

text: products

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: joint

text: Cyprus

text: Israel

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: explorations

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Leviathan

text: gas

text: field

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: factor

text: for

text: Greece

text: given

text: its

text: strong

text: links

text: with

text: Cyprus

text: Cooperation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: sub

text: sea

text: electric

text: power

text: cable

text: the

text: EuroAsia

text: Interconnector

text: has

text: strengthened

text: relations

text: between

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: Israel

question: When did Turkey and Israel establish full diplomatic relations?

answer: 1991

question: Who organized the flotilla?

answer: IHH

text: IHH

question: When did Israel and Turkey's relations take a downturn?

answer: after the 2008–09 Gaza War

text: after the 2008–09 Gaza War


text: General Ridgway was appointed Supreme Commander, Korea; he regrouped the UN forces for successful counterattacks, while General James Van Fleet assumed command of the U.S. Eighth Army. Further attacks slowly depleted the PVA and KPA forces; Operations Courageous (23–28 March 1951) and Tomahawk (23 March 1951) were a joint ground and airborne infilltration meant to trap Chinese forces between Kaesong and Seoul. UN forces advanced to "Line Kansas", north of the 38th parallel. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team's ("Rakkasans") second of two combat jumps was on Easter Sunday, 1951, at Munsan-ni, South Korea, codenamed Operation Tomahawk. The mission was to get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north. The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance provided the medical cover for the operations, dropping an ADS and a surgical team and treating over 400 battle casualties apart from the civilian casualties that formed the core of their objective as the unit was on a humanitarian mission.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: General

text: Ridgway

text: was

text: appointed

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: Korea

text: he

text: regrouped

text: the

text: UN

text: forces

text: for

text: successful

text: counterattacks

text: while

text: General

text: James

text: Van

text: Fleet

text: assumed

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Eighth

text: Army

text: Further

text: attacks

text: slowly

text: depleted

text: the

text: PVA

text: and

text: KPA

text: forces

text: Operations

text: Courageous

text: March

text: and

text: Tomahawk

text: March

text: were

text: a

text: joint

text: ground

text: and

text: airborne

text: infilltration

text: meant

text: to

text: trap

text: Chinese

text: forces

text: between

text: Kaesong

text: and

text: Seoul

text: UN

text: forces

text: advanced

text: to

text: Line

text: Kansas

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: The

text: Airborne

text: Regimental

text: Combat

text: Team

text: 's

text: Rakkasans

text: second

text: of

text: two

text: combat

text: jumps

text: was

text: on

text: Easter

text: Sunday

text: at

text: Munsan

text: ni

text: South

text: Korea

text: codenamed

text: Operation

text: Tomahawk

text: The

text: mission

text: was

text: to

text: get

text: behind

text: Chinese

text: forces

text: and

text: block

text: their

text: movement

text: north

text: The

text: Indian

text: Parachute

text: Field

text: Ambulance

text: provided

text: the

text: medical

text: cover

text: for

text: the

text: operations

text: dropping

text: an

text: ADS

text: and

text: a

text: surgical

text: team

text: and

text: treating

text: over

text: battle

text: casualties

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: civilian

text: casualties

text: that

text: formed

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: their

text: objective

text: as

text: the

text: unit

text: was

text: on

text: a

text: humanitarian

text: mission

question: Who was appointed Supreme Commander in Korea after the removal of General MacArthur?

answer: General Ridgway

text: General Ridgway

question: What was the goal of Operation Tomahawk?

answer: get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north

text: get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north

question: Who was responsible for supply humanitarian aid to civilians?

answer: The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance

text: The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance

question: Under the guidance of Generals Van Fleet and Ridgway, joint forces were able to achieve what goal?

answer: depleted the PVA and KPA forces

text: depleted the PVA and KPA forces


text: In Paris' Roman era, its main cemetery was located to the outskirts of the Left Bank settlement, but this changed with the rise of Catholicism, where most every inner-city church had adjoining burial grounds for use by their parishes. With Paris' growth many of these, particularly the city's largest cemetery, les Innocents, were filled to overflowing, creating quite unsanitary conditions for the capital. When inner-city burials were condemned from 1786, the contents of all Paris' parish cemeteries were transferred to a renovated section of Paris' stone mines outside the "Porte d'Enfer" city gate, today place Denfert-Rochereau in the 14th arrondissement. The process of moving bones from Cimetière des Innocents to the catacombs took place between 1786 and 1814; part of the network of tunnels and remains can be visited today on the official tour of the catacombs.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: In

text: Paris

text: Roman

text: era

text: its

text: main

text: cemetery

text: was

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: the

text: Left

text: Bank

text: settlement

text: but

text: this

text: changed

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Catholicism

text: where

text: most

text: every

text: inner

text: city

text: church

text: had

text: adjoining

text: burial

text: grounds

text: for

text: use

text: by

text: their

text: parishes

text: With

text: Paris

text: growth

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: particularly

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: largest

text: cemetery

text: les

text: Innocents

text: were

text: filled

text: to

text: overflowing

text: creating

text: quite

text: unsanitary

text: conditions

text: for

text: the

text: capital

text: When

text: inner

text: city

text: burials

text: were

text: condemned

text: from

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: all

text: Paris

text: parish

text: cemeteries

text: were

text: transferred

text: to

text: a

text: renovated

text: section

text: of

text: Paris

text: stone

text: mines

text: outside

text: the

text: Porte

text: d'Enfer

text: city

text: gate

text: today

text: place

text: Denfert

text: Rochereau

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: moving

text: bones

text: from

text: Cimetière

text: des

text: Innocents

text: to

text: the

text: catacombs

text: took

text: place

text: between

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: of

text: tunnels

text: and

text: remains

text: can

text: be

text: visited

text: today

text: on

text: the

text: official

text: tour

text: of

text: the

text: catacombs

question: What is Paris' largest cemetary?

answer: les Innocents

text: les Innocents

question: When were inner city burials banned?

answer: 1786

question: During what years were the bones moved from Cimetiere des Innocents to the catacombs?

answer: 1786 and 1814

text: 1786 and 1814

question: Where can view the network of tunnels to the catacombs?

answer: the official tour of the catacombs

text: the official tour of the catacombs


text: The southern Essonne department specialises in science and technology, and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne, with its wholesale Rungis food market, specialises in food processing and beverages. The Paris region's manufacturing decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100,000 workers. In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris itself, its metropolitan area employed 246,639, in an activity centred largely around the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378) and Hauts-de-Seine (37,303) departments and the new business-park centres appearing there.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: southern

text: Essonne

text: department

text: specialises

text: in

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: eastern

text: Val

text: de

text: Marne

text: with

text: its

text: wholesale

text: Rungis

text: food

text: market

text: specialises

text: in

text: food

text: processing

text: and

text: beverages

text: The

text: Paris

text: region

text: 's

text: manufacturing

text: decline

text: is

text: quickly

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: eco

text: industries

text: these

text: employ

text: about

text: workers

text: In

text: while

text: only

text: construction

text: workers

text: worked

text: in

text: Paris

text: itself

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: employed

text: in

text: an

text: activity

text: centred

text: largely

text: around

text: the

text: Seine

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: and

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: departments

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: business

text: park

text: centres

text: appearing

text: there

question: What does the southern Essonne department specialize in?

answer: science and technology

text: science and technology

question: What does south-eastern Val-de-Marne specialize in?

answer: food processing and beverages

text: food processing and beverages

question: How many construction workers worked in Paris in 2011?

answer: 56,927

question: How many construction workers were employed in the metropolitan area?

answer: 246,639


text: Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. These include the now-deprecated (i.e. de-certified but standardized) mini-A and mini-AB connectors; mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not OTG-compliant (On The Go, used in mobile devices). The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both mini-A and mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm; the mini-A connector and the mini-AB receptacle connector were deprecated on 23 May 2007.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Various

text: connectors

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: smaller

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: digital

text: cameras

text: smartphones

text: and

text: tablet

text: computers

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: now

text: deprecated

text: i.e.

text: de

text: certified

text: but

text: standardized

text: mini

text: A

text: and

text: mini

text: AB

text: connectors

text: mini

text: B

text: connectors

text: are

text: still

text: supported

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: OTG

text: compliant

text: On

text: The

text: Go

text: used

text: in

text: mobile

text: devices

text: The

text: mini

text: B

text: USB

text: connector

text: was

text: standard

text: for

text: transferring

text: data

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: smartphones

text: and

text: PDAs

text: Both

text: mini

text: A

text: and

text: mini

text: B

text: plugs

text: are

text: approximately

text: by

text: mm

text: the

text: mini

text: A

text: connector

text: and

text: the

text: mini

text: AB

text: receptacle

text: connector

text: were

text: deprecated

text: on

text: May

question: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?

answer: Various connectors

text: Various connectors

question: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?

answer: The mini-B USB connector

text: The mini-B USB connector

question: How large are both mini-A and mini-B plugs?

answer: approximately 3 by 7 mm

text: approximately 3 by 7 mm

question: When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?

answer: 23 May 2007

text: 23 May 2007


text: Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Meanwhile, Amtrak's Downeaster service to Maine originates at North Station, despite the current lack of a dedicated passenger rail link between the two railhubs, other than the "T" subway lines.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Amtrak

text: 's

text: Northeast

text: Corridor

text: and

text: Chicago

text: lines

text: originate

text: at

text: South

text: Station

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: intermodal

text: transportation

text: hub

text: and

text: stop

text: at

text: Back

text: Bay

text: Fast

text: Northeast

text: Corridor

text: trains

text: which

text: serve

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: points

text: in

text: between

text: also

text: stop

text: at

text: Route

text: Station

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Boston

text: Meanwhile

text: Amtrak

text: 's

text: Downeaster

text: service

text: to

text: Maine

text: originates

text: at

text: North

text: Station

text: despite

text: the

text: current

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: dedicated

text: passenger

text: rail

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: railhubs

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: T

text: subway

text: lines

question: Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines start?

answer: South Station

text: South Station

question: Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines end?

answer: Back Bay

text: Back Bay

question: Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where?

answer: Route 128 Station

text: Route 128 Station

question: What suburbs of Boston is the Route 128 Station located in?

answer: southwestern

text: southwestern

question: Where does the Downeaster service to maine start?

answer: North Station

text: North Station


text: Following the '69 season, the club posted winning records for the next few seasons, but no playoff action. After the core players of those teams started to move on, the 70s got worse for the team, and they became known as "The Loveable Losers." In 1977, the team found some life, but ultimately experienced one of its biggest collapses. The Cubs hit a high-water mark on June 28 at 47–22, boasting an 8 1⁄2 game NL East lead, as they were led by Bobby Murcer (27 Hr/89 RBI), and Rick Reuschel (20–10). However, the Philadelphia Phillies cut the lead to two by the All-star break, as the Cubs sat 19 games over .500, but they swooned late in the season, going 20–40 after July 31. The Cubs finished in 4th place at 81–81, while Philadelphia surged, finishing with 101 wins. The following two seasons also saw the Cubs get off to a fast start, as the team rallied to over 10 games above .500 well into both seasons, only to again wear down and play poorly later on, and ultimately settling back to mediocrity. This trait became known as the "June Swoon." Again, the Cubs' unusually high number of day games is often pointed to as one reason for the team's inconsistent late season play.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Following

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: club

text: posted

text: winning

text: records

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: seasons

text: but

text: no

text: playoff

text: action

text: After

text: the

text: core

text: players

text: of

text: those

text: teams

text: started

text: to

text: move

text: on

text: the

text: got

text: worse

text: for

text: the

text: team

text: and

text: they

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Loveable

text: Losers

text: In

text: the

text: team

text: found

text: some

text: life

text: but

text: ultimately

text: experienced

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: biggest

text: collapses

text: The

text: Cubs

text: hit

text: a

text: high

text: water

text: mark

text: on

text: June

text: at

text: boasting

text: an

text: game

text: NL

text: East

text: lead

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: Bobby

text: Murcer

text: RBI

text: and

text: Rick

text: Reuschel

text: However

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Phillies

text: cut

text: the

text: lead

text: to

text: two

text: by

text: the

text: All

text: star

text: break

text: as

text: the

text: Cubs

text: sat

text: games

text: over

text: but

text: they

text: swooned

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: going

text: after

text: July

text: The

text: Cubs

text: finished

text: in

text: place

text: at

text: while

text: Philadelphia

text: surged

text: finishing

text: with

text: wins

text: The

text: following

text: two

text: seasons

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: Cubs

text: get

text: off

text: to

text: a

text: fast

text: start

text: as

text: the

text: team

text: rallied

text: to

text: over

text: games

text: above

text: well

text: into

text: both

text: seasons

text: only

text: to

text: again

text: wear

text: down

text: and

text: play

text: poorly

text: later

text: on

text: and

text: ultimately

text: settling

text: back

text: to

text: mediocrity

text: This

text: trait

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: June

text: Swoon

text: Again

text: the

text: Cubs

text: unusually

text: high

text: number

text: of

text: day

text: games

text: is

text: often

text: pointed

text: to

text: as

text: one

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: inconsistent

text: late

text: season

text: play

question: During what decade did the Cubs become known as "The Loveable Losers"?

answer: the 70s

text: the 70s

question: What is often pointed to as the one reason for the Cubs' inconsistent late season play?

answer: unusually high number of day games

text: unusually high number of day games

question: What year did the Cubs experience one of their biggest collapses?

answer: 1977