text: Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture. Just before the end of Carnival, every Kvarner town burns a man-like doll called a "Jure Piškanac", who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year. The Zvončari, or bell-ringers, wear bells and large head regalia representing their areas of origin (for example, those from Halubje wear regalia in the shape of animal heads). The traditional Carnival food is fritule, a pastry. This festival can also be called Poklade.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Many

text: towns

text: in

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: Kvarner

text: region

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: observe

text: the

text: Carnival

text: period

text: incorporating

text: local

text: traditions

text: and

text: celebrating

text: local

text: culture

text: Just

text: before

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Carnival

text: every

text: Kvarner

text: town

text: burns

text: a

text: man

text: like

text: doll

text: called

text: a

text: Jure

text: Piškanac

text: who

text: is

text: blamed

text: for

text: all

text: the

text: strife

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: The

text: Zvončari

text: or

text: bell

text: ringers

text: wear

text: bells

text: and

text: large

text: head

text: regalia

text: representing

text: their

text: areas

text: of

text: origin

text: for

text: example

text: those

text: from

text: Halubje

text: wear

text: regalia

text: in

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: animal

text: heads

text: The

text: traditional

text: Carnival

text: food

text: is

text: fritule

text: a

text: pastry

text: This

text: festival

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: Poklade

question: Many towns in what region of Croatia observe the Carnival period?

answer: Kvarner

text: Kvarner

question: What does every Kvarner town burn just before the end of the Carnival?

answer: a man-like doll

text: a man-like doll

question: Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?

answer: Jure Piškanac

text: Jure Piškanac

question: What does the head regalia of the bell-ringers represent?

answer: their areas of origin

text: their areas of origin

question: What is the traditional Carnival food?

answer: fritule

text: fritule


text: Today, all humans are classified as belonging to the species Homo sapiens and sub-species Homo sapiens sapiens. However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time. Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster).

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Today

text: all

text: humans

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: and

text: sub

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: sapiens

text: However

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: first

text: species

text: of

text: homininae

text: the

text: first

text: species

text: of

text: genus

text: Homo

text: Homo

text: habilis

text: are

text: theorized

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: in

text: East

text: Africa

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: species

text: populated

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: Africa

text: in

text: a

text: relatively

text: short

text: time

text: Homo

text: erectus

text: is

text: theorized

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: by

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: had

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Virtually

text: all

text: physical

text: anthropologists

text: agree

text: that

text: Archaic

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: A

text: group

text: including

text: the

text: possible

text: species

text: H.

text: heidelbergensis

text: H.

text: rhodesiensis

text: and

text: H.

text: neanderthalensis

text: evolved

text: out

text: of

text: African

text: Homo

text: erectus

text: sensu

text: lato

text: or

text: Homo

text: ergaster

question: What species do all living humans today belong to?

answer: Homo sapiens

text: Homo sapiens

question: When is it theorized that Homo habilis evolved in East Africa?

answer: 2 million years ago

text: 2 million years ago

question: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?

answer: 1.5

question: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?

answer: Homo habilis

text: Homo habilis

question: What group might have Archaic Homo sapiens evolve out of?

answer: African Homo erectus

text: African Homo erectus


text: There are many notable contributors to the field of Chinese science throughout the ages. One of the best examples would be Shen Kuo (1031–1095), a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, discovered the concept of true north, improved the design of the astronomical gnomon, armillary sphere, sight tube, and clepsydra, and described the use of drydocks to repair boats. After observing the natural process of the inundation of silt and the find of marine fossils in the Taihang Mountains (hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean), Shen Kuo devised a theory of land formation, or geomorphology. He also adopted a theory of gradual climate change in regions over time, after observing petrified bamboo found underground at Yan'an, Shaanxi province. If not for Shen Kuo's writing, the architectural works of Yu Hao would be little known, along with the inventor of movable type printing, Bi Sheng (990-1051). Shen's contemporary Su Song (1020–1101) was also a brilliant polymath, an astronomer who created a celestial atlas of star maps, wrote a pharmaceutical treatise with related subjects of botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy, and had erected a large astronomical clocktower in Kaifeng city in 1088. To operate the crowning armillary sphere, his clocktower featured an escapement mechanism and the world's oldest known use of an endless power-transmitting chain drive.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: notable

text: contributors

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: Chinese

text: science

text: throughout

text: the

text: ages

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: examples

text: would

text: be

text: Shen

text: Kuo

text: a

text: polymath

text: scientist

text: and

text: statesman

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: magnetic

text: needle

text: compass

text: used

text: for

text: navigation

text: discovered

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: true

text: north

text: improved

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: astronomical

text: gnomon

text: armillary

text: sphere

text: sight

text: tube

text: and

text: clepsydra

text: and

text: described

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: drydocks

text: to

text: repair

text: boats

text: After

text: observing

text: the

text: natural

text: process

text: of

text: the

text: inundation

text: of

text: silt

text: and

text: the

text: find

text: of

text: marine

text: fossils

text: in

text: the

text: Taihang

text: Mountains

text: hundreds

text: of

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Shen

text: Kuo

text: devised

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: land

text: formation

text: or

text: geomorphology

text: He

text: also

text: adopted

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: gradual

text: climate

text: change

text: in

text: regions

text: over

text: time

text: after

text: observing

text: petrified

text: bamboo

text: found

text: underground

text: at

text: Yan'an

text: Shaanxi

text: province

text: If

text: not

text: for

text: Shen

text: Kuo

text: 's

text: writing

text: the

text: architectural

text: works

text: of

text: Yu

text: Hao

text: would

text: be

text: little

text: known

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: movable

text: type

text: printing

text: Bi

text: Sheng

text: Shen

text: 's

text: contemporary

text: Su

text: Song

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: brilliant

text: polymath

text: an

text: astronomer

text: who

text: created

text: a

text: celestial

text: atlas

text: of

text: star

text: maps

text: wrote

text: a

text: pharmaceutical

text: treatise

text: with

text: related

text: subjects

text: of

text: botany

text: zoology

text: mineralogy

text: and

text: metallurgy

text: and

text: had

text: erected

text: a

text: large

text: astronomical

text: clocktower

text: in

text: Kaifeng

text: city

text: in

text: To

text: operate

text: the

text: crowning

text: armillary

text: sphere

text: his

text: clocktower

text: featured

text: an

text: escapement

text: mechanism

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: known

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: endless

text: power

text: transmitting

text: chain

text: drive

question: Who discovered the idea of true north?

answer: Shen Kuo

text: Shen Kuo

question: When was Shen Kuo alive?

answer: 1031–1095

question: What are drydocks used for?

answer: to repair boats

text: to repair boats

question: What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?

answer: geomorphology

text: geomorphology

question: What did Shen Kuo study to discover climate change?

answer: petrified bamboo

text: petrified bamboo


text: Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: is

text: warm

text: all

text: year

text: around

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: temperature

text: fluctuation

text: it

text: averages

text: C

text: F

text: The

text: average

text: rainfall

text: for

text: Bissau

text: is

text: millimetres

text: in

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: almost

text: entirely

text: accounted

text: for

text: during

text: the

text: rainy

text: season

text: which

text: falls

text: between

text: June

text: and

text: September

text: October

text: From

text: December

text: through

text: April

text: the

text: country

text: experiences

text: drought

question: What is the average rainfall in Bissau, in millimetres?

answer: 2,024

question: When is the rainy season in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: between June and September/October

text: between June and September/October

question: What does the country experience from December through April?

answer: drought

text: drought

question: When is Guinea-Bissau warm?

answer: all year around

text: all year around

question: What is the average temperature in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: 26.3 °C (79.3 °F)

text: 26.3 °C (79.3 °F)


text: The Paris Region economy has gradually shifted from industry to high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services, etc.) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace, etc.). The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for aeronautics, automobiles, and "eco" industries.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: Paris

text: Region

text: economy

text: has

text: gradually

text: shifted

text: from

text: industry

text: to

text: high

text: value

text: added

text: service

text: industries

text: finance

text: IT

text: services

text: etc

text: and

text: high

text: tech

text: manufacturing

text: electronics

text: optics

text: aerospace

text: etc

text: The

text: Paris

text: region

text: 's

text: most

text: intense

text: economic

text: activity

text: through

text: the

text: central

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: department

text: and

text: suburban

text: La

text: Défense

text: business

text: district

text: places

text: Paris

text: economic

text: centre

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: a

text: triangle

text: between

text: the

text: Opéra

text: Garnier

text: La

text: Défense

text: and

text: the

text: Val

text: de

text: Seine

text: While

text: the

text: Paris

text: economy

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: services

text: and

text: employment

text: in

text: manufacturing

text: sector

text: has

text: declined

text: sharply

text: the

text: region

text: remains

text: an

text: important

text: manufacturing

text: centre

text: particularly

text: for

text: aeronautics

text: automobiles

text: and

text: eco

text: industries

question: What as the Paris Region's economy shifted towards?

answer: high-value-added service industries

text: high-value-added service industries

question: Prior to now, what was Paris' biggest economy?

answer: industry

text: industry

question: Where is Paris economic Centre located?

answer: west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine

text: west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine


text: The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: MoD

text: is

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: department

text: responsible

text: for

text: implementing

text: the

text: defence

text: policy

text: set

text: by

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Government

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Armed

text: Forces

question: Which government's Ministry of Defence is mentioned here?

answer: British

text: British

question: What does MoD stand for?

answer: Ministry of Defence

text: Ministry of Defence

question: Who sets the defence policy in Great Britain?

answer: Her Majesty's Government

text: Her Majesty's Government

question: For which part of the government is the MoD the headquarters?

answer: British Armed Forces

text: British Armed Forces


text: Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Travel

text: and

text: tourism

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: extremely

text: important

text: for

text: Portugal

text: with

text: visitor

text: numbers

text: forecast

text: to

text: increase

text: significantly

text: in

text: the

text: future.[citation

text: needed

text: However

text: the

text: increasing

text: competition

text: from

text: Eastern

text: European

text: destinations

text: continues

text: to

text: develop

text: with

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: similar

text: attractions

text: that

text: are

text: often

text: cheaper

text: in

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Croatia

text: Consequently

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: focus

text: upon

text: its

text: niche

text: attractions

text: such

text: as

text: health

text: nature

text: and

text: rural

text: tourism

text: to

text: stay

text: ahead

text: of

text: its

text: competitors

question: Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future?

answer: increase

text: increase

question: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists?

answer: Eastern European destinations

text: Eastern European destinations

question: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists?

answer: focus upon its niche attractions

text: focus upon its niche attractions

question: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?

answer: health, nature and rural tourism

text: health, nature and rural tourism


text: Following the end of World War II the educational gap between White and Black Americans was widened by Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill. This piece of legislation paved the way for white GIs to attend college. Despite their veteran status returning black servicemen were not afforded loans at the same rate as whites. Furthermore, at the time of its introduction, segregation was still the law of the land barring blacks from the best institutions. Overall, "Nearly 8 million servicemen and servicewomen were educated under the provisions of the GI Bill after World War II. But for blacks, higher educational opportunities were so few that the promise of the GI Bill went largely unfulfilled."

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: educational

text: gap

text: between

text: White

text: and

text: Black

text: Americans

text: was

text: widened

text: by

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: GI

text: Bill

text: This

text: piece

text: of

text: legislation

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: white

text: GIs

text: to

text: attend

text: college

text: Despite

text: their

text: veteran

text: status

text: returning

text: black

text: servicemen

text: were

text: not

text: afforded

text: loans

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: rate

text: as

text: whites

text: Furthermore

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: introduction

text: segregation

text: was

text: still

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: barring

text: blacks

text: from

text: the

text: best

text: institutions

text: Overall

text: Nearly

text: million

text: servicemen

text: and

text: servicewomen

text: were

text: educated

text: under

text: the

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: GI

text: Bill

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: But

text: for

text: blacks

text: higher

text: educational

text: opportunities

text: were

text: so

text: few

text: that

text: the

text: promise

text: of

text: the

text: GI

text: Bill

text: went

text: largely

text: unfulfilled

question: What major event preceded the growth of the divide in education between White and Black Americans?

answer: end of World War II

text: end of World War II

question: What was considered to be a major cause of the increase in educational gap?

answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill

question: What did returning black veterans not receive?

answer: loans at the same rate as whites

text: loans at the same rate as whites

question: How many servicemen and women were educated as a result of the GI Bill?

answer: Nearly 8 million

text: Nearly 8 million

question: What opportunities were few for black veterans?

answer: higher educational

text: higher educational


text: The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Health

text: and

text: Hospitals

text: Corporation

text: HHC

text: operates

text: the

text: public

text: hospitals

text: and

text: clinics

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: A

text: public

text: benefit

text: corporation

text: with

text: billion

text: in

text: annual

text: revenues

text: HHC

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: municipal

text: healthcare

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: serving

text: million

text: patients

text: including

text: more

text: than

text: uninsured

text: city

text: residents

text: HHC

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: Legislature

text: as

text: a

text: public

text: benefit

text: corporation

text: Chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Laws

text: It

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: a

text: municipal

text: agency

text: but

text: has

text: a

text: Board

text: of

text: Directors

text: HHC

text: operates

text: acute

text: care

text: hospitals

text: five

text: nursing

text: homes

text: six

text: diagnostic

text: and

text: treatment

text: centers

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: community

text: based

text: primary

text: care

text: sites

text: serving

text: primarily

text: the

text: poor

text: and

text: working

text: class

text: HHC

text: 's

text: MetroPlus

text: Health

text: Plan

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: area

text: 's

text: largest

text: providers

text: of

text: government

text: sponsored

text: health

text: insurance

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: plan

text: of

text: choice

text: for

text: nearly

text: half

text: million

text: New

text: Yorkers

question: The largest municipal healthcare in the US is what?

answer: New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation

text: New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation

question: How many hospitals does HHC operate?

answer: 11

question: What is the yearly revenue of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation?

answer: $6.7 billion

text: $6.7 billion

question: How many patients are served annually by HHC?

answer: 1.4 million

text: 1.4 million

question: How many uninsured New Yorkers take advantage of HHC?

answer: 475,000

question: In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded?

answer: 1969

question: How many nursing homes does HHC operate?

answer: five

text: five


text: Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: Towns

text: such

text: as

text: Castle

text: Cary

text: and

text: Frome

text: grew

text: around

text: the

text: medieval

text: weaving

text: industry

text: Street

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: woollen

text: slippers

text: and

text: later

text: boots

text: and

text: shoes

text: with

text: C.

text: J.

text: Clark

text: establishing

text: its

text: headquarters

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: C&J

text: Clark

text: 's

text: shoes

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: manufactured

text: there

text: as

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: transferred

text: to

text: lower

text: wage

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: China

text: and

text: Asia

text: Instead

text: in

text: redundant

text: factory

text: buildings

text: were

text: converted

text: to

text: form

text: Clarks

text: Village

text: the

text: first

text: purpose

text: built

text: factory

text: outlet

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: C&J

text: Clark

text: also

text: had

text: shoe

text: factories

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: at

text: Bridgwater

text: Minehead

text: Westfield

text: and

text: Weston

text: super

text: Mare

text: to

text: provide

text: employment

text: outside

text: the

text: main

text: summer

text: tourist

text: season

text: but

text: those

text: satellite

text: sites

text: were

text: closed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: before

text: the

text: main

text: site

text: at

text: Street

text: Dr.

text: Martens

text: shoes

text: were

text: also

text: made

text: in

text: Somerset

text: by

text: the

text: Northampton

text: based

text: R.

text: Griggs

text: Group

text: using

text: redundant

text: skilled

text: shoemakers

text: from

text: C&J

text: Clark

text: that

text: work

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: transferred

text: to

text: Asia

question: What towns grew around the weaving Industry

answer: Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry

text: Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry

question: Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area

answer: the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia

text: the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia

question: What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset

answer: Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group

text: Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group


text: Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts is striking. Meditative states alone are not an end, for according to the Buddha, even the highest meditative state is not liberating. Instead of attaining a complete cessation of thought, some sort of mental activity must take place: a liberating cognition, based on the practice of mindful awareness.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

text: traditionally

text: incorporates

text: states

text: of

text: meditative

text: absorption

text: Pali

text: jhāna

text: Skt

text: dhyāna

text: The

text: most

text: ancient

text: sustained

text: expression

text: of

text: yogic

text: ideas

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: sermons

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: One

text: key

text: innovative

text: teaching

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: was

text: that

text: meditative

text: absorption

text: must

text: be

text: combined

text: with

text: liberating

text: cognition

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: teaching

text: and

text: the

text: yoga

text: presented

text: in

text: early

text: Brahminic

text: texts

text: is

text: striking

text: Meditative

text: states

text: alone

text: are

text: not

text: an

text: end

text: for

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Buddha

text: even

text: the

text: highest

text: meditative

text: state

text: is

text: not

text: liberating

text: Instead

text: of

text: attaining

text: a

text: complete

text: cessation

text: of

text: thought

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: mental

text: activity

text: must

text: take

text: place

text: a

text: liberating

text: cognition

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: mindful

text: awareness

question: Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption?

answer: meditative

text: meditative

question: The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?

answer: the Buddha

text: the Buddha

question: The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?

answer: Brahminic

text: Brahminic

question: According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what?

answer: liberating

text: liberating


text: The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in number today) initially were of the Fatimid Ismailis and separated from them (the Fatimid Ismailis) after the death of the Fatimid Imam and Caliph Hakim Bi Amrillah. The Shia Sevener tariqah no longer exists. Another small tariqah is the Zaidi Shias, also known as the Fivers and who do not believe in The Occultation of their last Imam.

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine

text: The

text: Shia

text: tariqah

text: with

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: are

text: the

text: Twelvers

text: who

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Shia

text: After

text: that

text: come

text: the

text: Nizari

text: Ismailis

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Ismailis

text: and

text: then

text: come

text: the

text: Mustalian

text: Ismailis

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bohras

text: with

text: further

text: schisms

text: within

text: their

text: Bohri

text: tariqah

text: The

text: Druze

text: tariqah

text: very

text: small

text: in

text: number

text: today

text: initially

text: were

text: of

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: Ismailis

text: and

text: separated

text: from

text: them

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: Ismailis

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: Imam

text: and

text: Caliph

text: Hakim

text: Bi

text: Amrillah

text: The

text: Shia

text: Sevener

text: tariqah

text: no

text: longer

text: exists

text: Another

text: small

text: tariqah

text: is

text: the

text: Zaidi

text: Shias

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Fivers

text: and

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: believe

text: in

text: The

text: Occultation

text: of

text: their

text: last

text: Imam

question: In Shia tariqah, what are the Twelvers commonly known as?

answer: the "Shia"

text: the "Shia"

question: What are the Nizari Ismailis more commonly known as?

answer: Ismailis

text: Ismailis

question: What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as?

answer: Bohras

text: Bohras

question: Which tariqah no longer exists?

answer: The Shia Sevener

text: The Shia Sevener

question: Which tariah is known as the Fivers?

answer: Zaidi Shias

text: Zaidi Shias


text: The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon. The removal of wolves had a direct effect on beaver populations, as their habitat became territory for grazing. Furthermore, predation keeps hydrological features such as creeks and streams in normal working order. Increased browsing on willows and conifers along Blacktail Creek due to a lack of predation caused channel incision because they helped slow the water down and hold the soil in place.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: The

text: elimination

text: of

text: wolves

text: from

text: Yellowstone

text: National

text: Park

text: had

text: profound

text: impacts

text: on

text: the

text: trophic

text: pyramid

text: Without

text: predation

text: herbivores

text: began

text: to

text: over

text: graze

text: many

text: woody

text: browse

text: species

text: affecting

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: plant

text: populations

text: In

text: addition

text: wolves

text: often

text: kept

text: animals

text: from

text: grazing

text: in

text: riparian

text: areas

text: which

text: protected

text: beavers

text: from

text: having

text: their

text: food

text: sources

text: encroached

text: upon

text: The

text: removal

text: of

text: wolves

text: had

text: a

text: direct

text: effect

text: on

text: beaver

text: populations

text: as

text: their

text: habitat

text: became

text: territory

text: for

text: grazing

text: Furthermore

text: predation

text: keeps

text: hydrological

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: creeks

text: and

text: streams

text: in

text: normal

text: working

text: order

text: Increased

text: browsing

text: on

text: willows

text: and

text: conifers

text: along

text: Blacktail

text: Creek

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: predation

text: caused

text: channel

text: incision

text: because

text: they

text: helped

text: slow

text: the

text: water

text: down

text: and

text: hold

text: the

text: soil

text: in

text: place

question: What animal's food sources were greatly affected with the loss of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?

answer: beavers

text: beavers

question: Broader ecological impacts can occur when an apex predator is removed, in the case of Yellowstone, this includes alteration to the?

answer: hydrological features

text: hydrological features

question: Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?

answer: channel incision

text: channel incision

question: The removal of what animal from Yellowstonw National Park affected beaver populations?

answer: wolves

text: wolves

question: How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?

answer: habitat became territory for grazing.

text: habitat became territory for grazing.

question: Why were plant populations affected after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?

answer: Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species

text: Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species

question: How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?

answer: wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon

text: wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon


text: In 1933, von Neumann was offered a lifetime professorship on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study when the institute's plan to appoint Hermann Weyl fell through. He remained a mathematics professor there until his death, although he announced that shortly before his intention to resign and become a professor at large at the University of California. His mother, brothers and in-laws followed John to the United States in 1939. Von Neumann anglicized his first name to John, keeping the German-aristocratic surname of von Neumann. His brothers changed theirs to "Neumann" and "Vonneumann". Von Neumann became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1937, and immediately tried to become a lieutenant in the United States Army's Officers Reserve Corps. He passed the exams easily, but was ultimately rejected because of his age. His prewar analysis is often quoted. Asked about how France would stand up to Germany he said "Oh, France won't matter."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: In

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: offered

text: a

text: lifetime

text: professorship

text: on

text: the

text: faculty

text: of

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Study

text: when

text: the

text: institute

text: 's

text: plan

text: to

text: appoint

text: Hermann

text: Weyl

text: fell

text: through

text: He

text: remained

text: a

text: mathematics

text: professor

text: there

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: although

text: he

text: announced

text: that

text: shortly

text: before

text: his

text: intention

text: to

text: resign

text: and

text: become

text: a

text: professor

text: at

text: large

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: His

text: mother

text: brothers

text: and

text: in

text: laws

text: followed

text: John

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: anglicized

text: his

text: first

text: name

text: to

text: John

text: keeping

text: the

text: German

text: aristocratic

text: surname

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: His

text: brothers

text: changed

text: theirs

text: to

text: Neumann

text: and

text: Vonneumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: became

text: a

text: naturalized

text: citizen

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: and

text: immediately

text: tried

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: lieutenant

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: 's

text: Officers

text: Reserve

text: Corps

text: He

text: passed

text: the

text: exams

text: easily

text: but

text: was

text: ultimately

text: rejected

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: age

text: His

text: prewar

text: analysis

text: is

text: often

text: quoted

text: Asked

text: about

text: how

text: France

text: would

text: stand

text: up

text: to

text: Germany

text: he

text: said

text: Oh

text: France

text: wo

text: n't

text: matter

question: In what year was Von Neumann offered a lifetime professorship?

answer: 1933

question: In what year did Von Neumann's mother and siblings join him in U.S?

answer: 1939

question: In what year did Von Neumann become a naturalized citizen of US?

answer: 1937

question: Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army?

answer: age

text: age


text: After independence, the Chief Commissioner's Province of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948 as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states (including feudal princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalaya, known in full as the Simla Hills States and four Punjab southern hill states by issue of the Himachal Pradesh (Administration) Order, 1948 under Sections 3 and 4 of the Extra-Provincial Jurisdiction Act, 1947 (later renamed as the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947 vide A.O. of 1950). The State of Bilaspur was merged in the Himachal Pradesh on 1 April 1954 by the Himachal Pradesh and Bilaspur (New State) Act, 1954. Himachal became a part C state on 26 January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India and the Lt. Governor was appointed. Legislative Assembly was elected in 1952. Himachal Pradesh became a union territory on 1 November 1956. Following area of Punjab State namely Simla, Kangra, Kulu and Lahul and Spiti Districts, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala District, Lohara, Amb and Una kanungo circles, some area of Santokhgarh kanungo circle and some other specified area of Una tehsil of Hoshiarpur District besides some parts of Dhar Kalan Kanungo circle of Pathankot tehsil of Gurdaspur District; were merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 November 1966 on enactment of Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 by the Parliament. On 18 December 1970, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971. Thus Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Indian Union.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: After

text: independence

text: the

text: Chief

text: Commissioner

text: 's

text: Province

text: of

text: H.P.

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: on

text: April

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: integration

text: of

text: petty

text: princely

text: states

text: including

text: feudal

text: princes

text: and

text: zaildars

text: in

text: the

text: promontories

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Himalaya

text: known

text: in

text: full

text: as

text: the

text: Simla

text: Hills

text: States

text: and

text: four

text: Punjab

text: southern

text: hill

text: states

text: by

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: Administration

text: Order

text: under

text: Sections

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Extra

text: Provincial

text: Jurisdiction

text: Act

text: later

text: renamed

text: as

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Jurisdiction

text: Act

text: vide

text: A.O.

text: of

text: The

text: State

text: of

text: Bilaspur

text: was

text: merged

text: in

text: the

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: on

text: April

text: by

text: the

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: Bilaspur

text: New

text: State

text: Act

text: Himachal

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: C

text: state

text: on

text: January

text: with

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: Lt

text: Governor

text: was

text: appointed

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: was

text: elected

text: in

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: became

text: a

text: union

text: territory

text: on

text: November

text: Following

text: area

text: of

text: Punjab

text: State

text: namely

text: Simla

text: Kangra

text: Kulu

text: and

text: Lahul

text: and

text: Spiti

text: Districts

text: Nalagarh

text: tehsil

text: of

text: Ambala

text: District

text: Lohara

text: Amb

text: and

text: Una

text: kanungo

text: circles

text: some

text: area

text: of

text: Santokhgarh

text: kanungo

text: circle

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: specified

text: area

text: of

text: Una

text: tehsil

text: of

text: Hoshiarpur

text: District

text: besides

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: Dhar

text: Kalan

text: Kanungo

text: circle

text: of

text: Pathankot

text: tehsil

text: of

text: Gurdaspur

text: District

text: were

text: merged

text: with

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: on

text: November

text: on

text: enactment

text: of

text: Punjab

text: Reorganisation

text: Act

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: Act

text: was

text: passed

text: by

text: Parliament

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: state

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: on

text: January

text: Thus

text: Himachal

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Union

question: When did the Chief Commissioners Province of HP come into being?

answer: 15 April 1948

text: 15 April 1948

question: When was the State of Himchal Pradesh Act passed?

answer: 18 December 1970

text: 18 December 1970

question: When did Himachal emerge as the 18th state of the Indian Union?

answer: 25 January 1971

text: 25 January 1971

question: When did Himachal Pradesh become a union territory?

answer: 1 November 1956

text: 1 November 1956

question: Why did the  Chief Commissioners Province of HP come into being?

answer: as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states

text: as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states


text: The city also has several branches of renowned international restaurants and chefs. These include Paris' Au Pied de Cochon and Brasserie Lipp, Philippe (by Philippe Chow); Nobu, Morimoto; Pámpano, owned by Mexican-raised opera legend Plácido Domingo. There are branches of the exclusive Japanese restaurant Suntory, Rome's famed Alfredo, as well as New York steakhouses Morton's and The Palm, and Monte Carlo's BeefBar. Three of the most famous Lima-based Haute Peruvian restaurants, La Mar, Segundo Muelle and Astrid y Gastón have locations in Mexico City.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: has

text: several

text: branches

text: of

text: renowned

text: international

text: restaurants

text: and

text: chefs

text: These

text: include

text: Paris

text: Au

text: Pied

text: de

text: Cochon

text: and

text: Brasserie

text: Lipp

text: Philippe

text: by

text: Philippe

text: Chow

text: Nobu

text: Morimoto

text: Pámpano

text: owned

text: by

text: Mexican

text: raised

text: opera

text: legend

text: Plácido

text: Domingo

text: There

text: are

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: exclusive

text: Japanese

text: restaurant

text: Suntory

text: Rome

text: 's

text: famed

text: Alfredo

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: New

text: York

text: steakhouses

text: Morton

text: 's

text: and

text: The

text: Palm

text: and

text: Monte

text: Carlo

text: 's

text: BeefBar

text: Three

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: Lima

text: based

text: Haute

text: Peruvian

text: restaurants

text: La

text: Mar

text: Segundo

text: Muelle

text: and

text: Astrid

text: y

text: Gastón

text: have

text: locations

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

question: What opera legend also has a famous restaurant in Mexico City?

answer: Plácido Domingo

text: Plácido Domingo

question: What famous Italian Restaurant also has a branch in Mexico City?

answer: Alfredo

text: Alfredo

question: What is one of the famous Lima-based restaurants in Mexico City?

answer: La Mar

text: La Mar

question: What Japanese restaurant also has a branch in Mexico City?

answer: Suntory

text: Suntory


text: In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11–16 and 11–18 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: In

text: these

text: schools

text: children

text: could

text: be

text: selected

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: curriculum

text: aptitude

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: specialism

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: schools

text: do

text: take

text: quotas

text: from

text: each

text: quartile

text: of

text: the

text: attainment

text: range

text: to

text: ensure

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: selective

text: by

text: attainment

text: A

text: problem

text: with

text: this

text: is

text: whether

text: the

text: quotas

text: should

text: be

text: taken

text: from

text: a

text: normal

text: distribution

text: or

text: from

text: the

text: specific

text: distribution

text: of

text: attainment

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: catchment

text: area

text: In

text: the

text: selective

text: school

text: system

text: which

text: survives

text: in

text: several

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: admission

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: selection

text: criteria

text: most

text: commonly

text: a

text: cognitive

text: test

text: or

text: tests

text: Although

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: were

text: introduced

text: to

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: in

text: there

text: are

text: selective

text: grammar

text: schools

text: that

text: are

text: still

text: in

text: operation.[citation

text: needed

text: though

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: compared

text: to

text: approximately

text: state

text: secondary

text: schools

text: in

text: England

text: Most

text: comprehensives

text: are

text: secondary

text: schools

text: for

text: children

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: to

text: but

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: areas

text: there

text: are

text: comprehensive

text: middle

text: schools

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: places

text: the

text: secondary

text: level

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: for

text: students

text: aged

text: to

text: and

text: those

text: aged

text: to

text: roughly

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: middle

text: school

text: or

text: junior

text: high

text: school

text: and

text: high

text: school

text: respectively

text: With

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: key

text: stages

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Curriculum

text: some

text: local

text: authorities

text: reverted

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: School

text: system

text: to

text: and

text: schools

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: schools

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: one

text: key

text: stage

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: another

question: How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?

answer: 164

question: In what year were comprehensive schools first created?

answer: 1965


text: Alexander faced pressure from his brother, Duke Constantine, to make peace with Napoleon. Given the victory he had just achieved, the French emperor offered the Russians relatively lenient terms–demanding that Russia join the Continental System, withdraw its forces from Wallachia and Moldavia, and hand over the Ionian Islands to France. By contrast, Napoleon dictated very harsh peace terms for Prussia, despite the ceaseless exhortations of Queen Louise. Wiping out half of Prussian territories from the map, Napoleon created a new kingdom of 1,100 square miles called Westphalia. He then appointed his young brother Jérôme as the new monarch of this kingdom. Prussia's humiliating treatment at Tilsit caused a deep and bitter antagonism which festered as the Napoleonic era progressed. Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years. Despite these problems, the Treaties of Tilsit at last gave Napoleon a respite from war and allowed him to return to France, which he had not seen in over 300 days.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Alexander

text: faced

text: pressure

text: from

text: his

text: brother

text: Duke

text: Constantine

text: to

text: make

text: peace

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: Given

text: the

text: victory

text: he

text: had

text: just

text: achieved

text: the

text: French

text: emperor

text: offered

text: the

text: Russians

text: relatively

text: lenient

text: terms

text: demanding

text: that

text: Russia

text: join

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: withdraw

text: its

text: forces

text: from

text: Wallachia

text: and

text: Moldavia

text: and

text: hand

text: over

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Islands

text: to

text: France

text: By

text: contrast

text: Napoleon

text: dictated

text: very

text: harsh

text: peace

text: terms

text: for

text: Prussia

text: despite

text: the

text: ceaseless

text: exhortations

text: of

text: Queen

text: Louise

text: Wiping

text: out

text: half

text: of

text: Prussian

text: territories

text: from

text: the

text: map

text: Napoleon

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: kingdom

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: called

text: Westphalia

text: He

text: then

text: appointed

text: his

text: young

text: brother

text: Jérôme

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: monarch

text: of

text: this

text: kingdom

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: humiliating

text: treatment

text: at

text: Tilsit

text: caused

text: a

text: deep

text: and

text: bitter

text: antagonism

text: which

text: festered

text: as

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: era

text: progressed

text: Moreover

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: pretensions

text: at

text: friendship

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: led

text: the

text: latter

text: to

text: seriously

text: misjudge

text: the

text: true

text: intentions

text: of

text: his

text: Russian

text: counterpart

text: who

text: would

text: violate

text: numerous

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: years

text: Despite

text: these

text: problems

text: the

text: Treaties

text: of

text: Tilsit

text: at

text: last

text: gave

text: Napoleon

text: a

text: respite

text: from

text: war

text: and

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: France

text: which

text: he

text: had

text: not

text: seen

text: in

text: over

text: days

question: What is the name of the Duke who pressured Alexander to make peace with Napoleon?

answer: Constantine

text: Constantine

question: Which ocean territories did Napoleon demand Russia cede to France as part of the terms for peace?

answer: the Ionian Islands

text: the Ionian Islands

question: What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories?

answer: Westphalia

text: Westphalia

question: What was the name of the younger brother who Napoleon appointed as the ruler of Westphalia?

answer: Jérôme

text: Jérôme

question: What was the name of the series of agreements that ended war for a time and allowed Napoleon to return to France?

answer: the Treaties of Tilsit

text: the Treaties of Tilsit


text: The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: The

text: decorations

text: were

text: seldom

text: displayed

text: however

text: After

text: the

text: Tito

text: Stalin

text: split

text: of

text: and

text: his

text: inauguration

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: Tito

text: rarely

text: wore

text: his

text: uniform

text: except

text: when

text: present

text: in

text: a

text: military

text: function

text: and

text: then

text: with

text: rare

text: exception

text: only

text: wore

text: his

text: Yugoslav

text: ribbons

text: for

text: obvious

text: practical

text: reasons

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: displayed

text: in

text: full

text: number

text: only

text: at

text: his

text: funeral

text: in

text: Tito

text: 's

text: reputation

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Allied

text: leaders

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: diplomatic

text: position

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

text: was

text: primarily

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: favorable

text: international

text: recognition

question: In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?

answer: 1948

question: In what year was Tito inaugurated as president?

answer: 1953

question: In what year was Tito's funeral?

answer: 1980

question: Who was the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: Who was inauguarated as President of Yugoslavia in 1953?

answer: Tito

text: Tito


text: In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's claim to co-discovery, and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the "Neptune papers" (historical documents) to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. After reviewing the documents, they suggest that "Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it."

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: discovery

text: there

text: was

text: much

text: nationalistic

text: rivalry

text: between

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: over

text: who

text: deserved

text: credit

text: for

text: the

text: discovery

text: Eventually

text: an

text: international

text: consensus

text: emerged

text: that

text: both

text: Le

text: Verrier

text: and

text: Adams

text: jointly

text: deserved

text: credit

text: Since

text: Dennis

text: Rawlins

text: has

text: questioned

text: the

text: credibility

text: of

text: Adams

text: 's

text: claim

text: to

text: co

text: discovery

text: and

text: the

text: issue

text: was

text: re

text: evaluated

text: by

text: historians

text: with

text: the

text: return

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: Neptune

text: papers

text: historical

text: documents

text: to

text: the

text: Royal

text: Observatory

text: Greenwich

text: After

text: reviewing

text: the

text: documents

text: they

text: suggest

text: that

text: Adams

text: does

text: not

text: deserve

text: equal

text: credit

text: with

text: Le

text: Verrier

text: for

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: Neptune

text: That

text: credit

text: belongs

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: succeeded

text: both

text: in

text: predicting

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: place

text: and

text: in

text: convincing

text: astronomers

text: to

text: search

text: for

text: it

question: What two countries argued over credit for the discovery of Neptune?

answer: French and the British

text: French and the British

question: Who ultimately deserved credit for the discovery of Neptune?

answer: Le Verrier and Adams

text: Le Verrier and Adams

question: Who questioned Adams's claim to co-discovery of Neptune?

answer: Dennis Rawlins

text: Dennis Rawlins

question: Who predicted Neptune's place and convinced astronomer's to search for it?

answer: Le Verrier

text: Le Verrier

question: Who did not deserve credit to co-discovery of Neptune?

answer: Adams

text: Adams


text: Database access control deals with controlling who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information in the database. The information may comprise specific database objects (e.g., record types, specific records, data structures), certain computations over certain objects (e.g., query types, or specific queries), or utilizing specific access paths to the former (e.g., using specific indexes or other data structures to access information). Database access controls are set by special authorized (by the database owner) personnel that uses dedicated protected security DBMS interfaces.

title: Database

title: Database

text: Database

text: access

text: control

text: deals

text: with

text: controlling

text: who

text: a

text: person

text: or

text: a

text: certain

text: computer

text: program

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: access

text: what

text: information

text: in

text: the

text: database

text: The

text: information

text: may

text: comprise

text: specific

text: database

text: objects

text: e.g.

text: record

text: types

text: specific

text: records

text: data

text: structures

text: certain

text: computations

text: over

text: certain

text: objects

text: e.g.

text: query

text: types

text: or

text: specific

text: queries

text: or

text: utilizing

text: specific

text: access

text: paths

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: e.g.

text: using

text: specific

text: indexes

text: or

text: other

text: data

text: structures

text: to

text: access

text: information

text: Database

text: access

text: controls

text: are

text: set

text: by

text: special

text: authorized

text: by

text: the

text: database

text: owner

text: personnel

text: that

text: uses

text: dedicated

text: protected

text: security

text: DBMS

text: interfaces

question: What does database access limit?

answer: who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information

text: who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information

question: What are examples of database objects?

answer: record types, specific records, data structures

text: record types, specific records, data structures

question: Who sets database access?

answer: special authorized (by the database owner) personnel

text: special authorized (by the database owner) personnel


text: Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Almost

text: all

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: are

text: represented

text: in

text: Paris

text: with

text: evangelical

text: churches

text: from

text: various

text: denominations

text: including

text: parishes

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Protestant

text: Church

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: two

text: parishes

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: of

text: the

text: Latter

text: Day

text: Saints

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: important

text: churches

text: for

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: community

text: the

text: American

text: Church

text: in

text: Paris

text: founded

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: church

text: outside

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: current

text: church

text: was

text: finished

text: in

text: The

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Anglican

text: Church

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: Anglican

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: How many evangelical churches are there in Paris?

answer: 74

question: How many parishes of the LDS church are in Paris?

answer: two

text: two

question: When was the American Church in Paris founded?

answer: 1814

question: What is the principal Anglican church in Paris?

answer: Saint George's Anglican Church

text: Saint George's Anglican Church


text: Local chemist William Cookworthy established his somewhat short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768 to exploit the recently discovered deposits of local China Clay - an industry which continues to make up a portion of the city income. As an associate and host of engineer John Smeaton he was indirectly involved with the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Local

text: chemist

text: William

text: Cookworthy

text: established

text: his

text: somewhat

text: short

text: lived

text: Plymouth

text: Porcelain

text: venture

text: in

text: to

text: exploit

text: the

text: recently

text: discovered

text: deposits

text: of

text: local

text: China

text: Clay

text: an

text: industry

text: which

text: continues

text: to

text: make

text: up

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: income

text: As

text: an

text: associate

text: and

text: host

text: of

text: engineer

text: John

text: Smeaton

text: he

text: was

text: indirectly

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Eddystone

text: Lighthouse

question: Who founded Plymouth Porcelain?

answer: William Cookworthy

text: William Cookworthy

question: In what year was Plymouth Porcelain founded?

answer: 1768

question: What was William Cookworthy's profession?

answer: chemist

text: chemist

question: What was the name of the engineer involved in the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse?

answer: John Smeaton

text: John Smeaton


text: Von Neumann's closest friend in the United States was mathematician Stanislaw Ulam. A later friend of Ulam's, Gian-Carlo Rota writes: "They would spend hours on end gossiping and giggling, swapping Jewish jokes, and drifting in and out of mathematical talk." When von Neumann was dying in hospital, every time Ulam would visit he would come prepared with a new collection of jokes to cheer up his friend. He believed that much of his mathematical thought occurred intuitively, and he would often go to sleep with a problem unsolved, and know the answer immediately upon waking up.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: closest

text: friend

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: mathematician

text: Stanislaw

text: Ulam

text: A

text: later

text: friend

text: of

text: Ulam

text: 's

text: Gian

text: Carlo

text: Rota

text: writes

text: They

text: would

text: spend

text: hours

text: on

text: end

text: gossiping

text: and

text: giggling

text: swapping

text: Jewish

text: jokes

text: and

text: drifting

text: in

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: mathematical

text: talk

text: When

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: dying

text: in

text: hospital

text: every

text: time

text: Ulam

text: would

text: visit

text: he

text: would

text: come

text: prepared

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: collection

text: of

text: jokes

text: to

text: cheer

text: up

text: his

text: friend

text: He

text: believed

text: that

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: mathematical

text: thought

text: occurred

text: intuitively

text: and

text: he

text: would

text: often

text: go

text: to

text: sleep

text: with

text: a

text: problem

text: unsolved

text: and

text: know

text: the

text: answer

text: immediately

text: upon

text: waking

text: up

question: What mathematician was Von Nemann's closest friend?

answer: Stanislaw Ulam

text: Stanislaw Ulam

question: What topics of conversation would Ulam and Von Neumann typically share?

answer: gossiping and giggling, swapping Jewish jokes, and drifting in and out of mathematical talk

text: gossiping and giggling, swapping Jewish jokes, and drifting in and out of mathematical talk

question: What would Ulam use to cheer up Von Neumann in the hospital?

answer: a new collection of jokes

text: a new collection of jokes


text: The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: The

text: language

text: was

text: first

text: introduced

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: when

text: Russian

text: explorers

text: voyaged

text: into

text: Alaska

text: and

text: claimed

text: it

text: for

text: Russia

text: during

text: the

text: Although

text: most

text: colonists

text: left

text: after

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: bought

text: the

text: land

text: in

text: a

text: handful

text: stayed

text: and

text: preserved

text: the

text: Russian

text: language

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: although

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: elderly

text: speakers

text: of

text: this

text: unique

text: dialect

text: are

text: left

text: Sizable

text: Russian

text: speaking

text: communities

text: also

text: exist

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: especially

text: in

text: large

text: urban

text: centers

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: such

text: as

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Philadelphia

text: Boston

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Nashville

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Seattle

text: Spokane

text: Toronto

text: Baltimore

text: Miami

text: Chicago

text: Denver

text: and

text: Cleveland

text: In

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: locations

text: they

text: issue

text: their

text: own

text: newspapers

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: ethnic

text: enclaves

text: especially

text: the

text: generation

text: of

text: immigrants

text: who

text: started

text: arriving

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Only

text: about

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: ethnic

text: Russians

text: however

text: Before

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: Russophones

text: in

text: Brighton

text: Beach

text: Brooklyn

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: were

text: Russian

text: speaking

text: Jews

text: Afterward

text: the

text: influx

text: from

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: changed

text: the

text: statistics

text: somewhat

text: with

text: ethnic

text: Russians

text: and

text: Ukrainians

text: immigrating

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: more

text: Russian

text: Jews

text: and

text: Central

text: Asians

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: in

text: Russian

text: was

text: the

text: primary

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: homes

text: of

text: over

text: individuals

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: Where did Russian explorers first reach North America?

answer: Alaska

text: Alaska

question: When did Russian explorers first reach North America?

answer: 1700s

question: When did the US buy Alaska?

answer: 1867

question: What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians?

answer: about 25%

text: about 25%

question: What is the term for Russian-speaking people?

answer: Russophones

text: Russophones


text: The City of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the National Park Service, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: a

text: complex

text: park

text: system

text: with

text: various

text: lands

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Park

text: Service

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: Office

text: of

text: Parks

text: Recreation

text: and

text: Historic

text: Preservation

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Department

text: of

text: Parks

text: and

text: Recreation

question: What is the name of the New York City department that operates the park system?

answer: New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

text: New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

question: What is the state office that operates New York City parks?

answer: New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

text: New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

question: What federal service operates New York City parks?

answer: National Park Service

text: National Park Service


text: The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually guaranteed by charters issued by princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located" came to be denominated by this general term. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members.

title: University

title: University

text: The

text: original

text: Latin

text: word

text: universitas

text: refers

text: in

text: general

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: persons

text: associated

text: into

text: one

text: body

text: a

text: society

text: company

text: community

text: guild

text: corporation

text: etc

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: urban

text: town

text: life

text: and

text: medieval

text: guilds

text: specialised

text: associations

text: of

text: students

text: and

text: teachers

text: with

text: collective

text: legal

text: rights

text: usually

text: guaranteed

text: by

text: charters

text: issued

text: by

text: princes

text: prelates

text: or

text: the

text: towns

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: located

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: denominated

text: by

text: this

text: general

text: term

text: Like

text: other

text: guilds

text: they

text: were

text: self

text: regulating

text: and

text: determined

text: the

text: qualifications

text: of

text: their

text: members

question: From what language does Universitas come from?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds?

answer: they were self-regulating

text: they were self-regulating

question: Around the beginning of what two things did word universitas start to become prevalent?

answer: urban town life and medieval guilds

text: urban town life and medieval guilds

question: Which individuals usually approved charters for universitas?

answer: princes, prelates

text: princes, prelates


text: As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters like A, B, E, H, K, M, O, P, T, X, Y and so on are shared between the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets (and small differences in their canonical forms may be considered to be of a merely typographical nature), it would still be problematic for a multilingual character set or a font to provide only a single codepoint for, say, uppercase letter B, as this would make it quite difficult for a wordprocessor to change that single uppercase letter to one of the three different choices for the lower-case letter, b (Latin), β (Greek), or в (Cyrillic). Without letter case, a "unified European alphabet" – such as ABБCГDΔΕZЄЗFΦGHIИJ…Z, with an appropriate subset for each language – is feasible; but considering letter case, it becomes very clear that these alphabets are rather distinct sets of symbols.

title: Letter_case

title: Letter_case

text: As

text: briefly

text: discussed

text: in

text: Unicode

text: Technical

text: Note

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: implementation

text: issues

text: any

text: attempt

text: at

text: a

text: unification

text: of

text: Latin

text: Greek

text: and

text: Cyrillic

text: would

text: wreak

text: havoc

text: and

text: make

text: casing

text: operations

text: an

text: unholy

text: mess

text: in

text: effect

text: making

text: all

text: casing

text: operations

text: context

text: sensitive

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: while

text: the

text: shapes

text: of

text: letters

text: like

text: A

text: B

text: E

text: H

text: K

text: M

text: O

text: P

text: T

text: X

text: Y

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: are

text: shared

text: between

text: the

text: Latin

text: Greek

text: and

text: Cyrillic

text: alphabets

text: and

text: small

text: differences

text: in

text: their

text: canonical

text: forms

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: a

text: merely

text: typographical

text: nature

text: it

text: would

text: still

text: be

text: problematic

text: for

text: a

text: multilingual

text: character

text: set

text: or

text: a

text: font

text: to

text: provide

text: only

text: a

text: single

text: codepoint

text: for

text: say

text: uppercase

text: letter

text: B

text: as

text: this

text: would

text: make

text: it

text: quite

text: difficult

text: for

text: a

text: wordprocessor

text: to

text: change

text: that

text: single

text: uppercase

text: letter

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: different

text: choices

text: for

text: the

text: lower

text: case

text: letter

text: b

text: Latin

text: β

text: Greek

text: or

text: в

text: Cyrillic

text: Without

text: letter

text: case

text: a

text: unified

text: European

text: alphabet

text: such

text: as

text: ABБCГDΔΕZЄЗFΦGHIИJ

text: Z

text: with

text: an

text: appropriate

text: subset

text: for

text: each

text: language

text: is

text: feasible

text: but

text: considering

text: letter

text: case

text: it

text: becomes

text: very

text: clear

text: that

text: these

text: alphabets

text: are

text: rather

text: distinct

text: sets

text: of

text: symbols

question: Attempts to unify Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would create which sort of problems?

answer: make casing operations an unholy mess

text: make casing operations an unholy mess

question: What among many common letters is shared between Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic?

answer: shapes

text: shapes

question: What would be problematic for a multilingual character set or font to provide?

answer: single codepoint

text: single codepoint

question: What distinguishes Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic from one another?

answer: sets of symbols

text: sets of symbols

question: Although there are challenges a unified European alphabet is feasible even in the absence of which common language rule?

answer: letter case

text: letter case


text: Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause. The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover). Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched an utterly unsuccessful invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Russian Empire was originally aligned with Austria, fearing Prussia's ambition on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Realizing

text: that

text: war

text: was

text: imminent

text: Prussia

text: preemptively

text: struck

text: Saxony

text: and

text: quickly

text: overran

text: it

text: The

text: result

text: caused

text: uproar

text: across

text: Europe

text: Because

text: of

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: alliance

text: with

text: Britain

text: Austria

text: formed

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: France

text: seeing

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: recapture

text: Silesia

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: lost

text: in

text: a

text: previous

text: war

text: Reluctantly

text: by

text: following

text: the

text: imperial

text: diet

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: joined

text: Austria

text: 's

text: cause

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Prussian

text: alliance

text: was

text: joined

text: by

text: smaller

text: German

text: states

text: especially

text: Hanover

text: Sweden

text: fearing

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: expansionist

text: tendencies

text: went

text: to

text: war

text: in

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: Baltic

text: dominions

text: seeing

text: its

text: chance

text: when

text: virtually

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: opposed

text: Prussia

text: Spain

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: Pacte

text: de

text: Famille

text: intervened

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: together

text: they

text: launched

text: an

text: utterly

text: unsuccessful

text: invasion

text: of

text: Portugal

text: in

text: The

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: originally

text: aligned

text: with

text: Austria

text: fearing

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: ambition

text: on

text: the

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: but

text: switched

text: sides

text: upon

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: Tsar

text: Peter

text: III

text: in

question: Who made the first strike of the Seven Years' War?

answer: Prussia preemptively struck

text: Prussia preemptively struck

question: What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War

answer: Saxony

text: Saxony

question: What country allied with Prussia?

answer: Prussia's alliance with Britain

text: Prussia's alliance with Britain

question: What was the initial country to ally with France?

answer: Austria formed an alliance with France

text: Austria formed an alliance with France

question: The smaller German states joined which side?

answer: Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states

text: Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states


text: During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: During

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Martin

text: Van

text: Buren

text: nearly

text: Cherokees

text: along

text: with

text: approximately

text: black

text: slaves

text: owned

text: by

text: Cherokees

text: were

text: uprooted

text: from

text: their

text: homes

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: were

text: forced

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: to

text: march

text: from

text: emigration

text: depots

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Tennessee

text: such

text: as

text: Fort

text: Cass

text: toward

text: the

text: more

text: distant

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: west

text: of

text: Arkansas

text: During

text: this

text: relocation

text: an

text: estimated

text: Cherokees

text: died

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: west

text: In

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: language

text: the

text: event

text: is

text: called

text: Nunna

text: daul

text: Isunyi—"the

text: Trail

text: Where

text: We

text: Cried

text: The

text: Cherokees

text: were

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: American

text: Indians

text: forced

text: to

text: emigrate

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: removal

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: phrase

text: Trail

text: of

text: Tears

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: similar

text: events

text: endured

text: by

text: other

text: American

text: Indian

text: peoples

text: especially

text: among

text: the

text: Five

text: Civilized

text: Tribes

text: The

text: phrase

text: originated

text: as

text: a

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: emigration

text: of

text: the

text: Choctaw

text: nation

question: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?

answer: Martin Van Buren

text: Martin Van Buren

question: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?

answer: 2,000

question: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"

answer: Nunna daul Isunyi

text: Nunna daul Isunyi

question: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"

answer: Choctaw

text: Choctaw

question: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"

answer: 4,000


text: However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912–1949). Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor, Morris Rossabi writes that the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) "was the first Ming ruler actively to seek an extension of relations with Tibet."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: However

text: the

text: early

text: Ming

text: government

text: enacted

text: a

text: law

text: later

text: rescinded

text: which

text: forbade

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: to

text: learn

text: the

text: tenets

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: There

text: is

text: little

text: detailed

text: evidence

text: of

text: Chinese

text: especially

text: lay

text: Chinese

text: studying

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: until

text: the

text: Republican

text: era

text: Despite

text: these

text: missions

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: Morris

text: Rossabi

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Ming

text: ruler

text: actively

text: to

text: seek

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: relations

text: with

text: Tibet

question: Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism?

answer: Ming government

text: Ming government

question: What years did the Yongle Emperor reign?

answer: 1402–1424

question: Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet?

answer: the Yongle Emperor

text: the Yongle Emperor


text: Various benefactions make it possible to give grants each year to boys who wish, for educational or cultural reasons, to work or travel abroad. These include the Busk Fund, which supports individual ventures that show particular initiative; the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund, for the promotion of visits to classical lands; the Sadler Fund, which supports, amongst others, those intending to enter the Foreign Service; and the Marsden Fund, for travel in countries where the principal language is not English.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Various

text: benefactions

text: make

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: give

text: grants

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: boys

text: who

text: wish

text: for

text: educational

text: or

text: cultural

text: reasons

text: to

text: work

text: or

text: travel

text: abroad

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Busk

text: Fund

text: which

text: supports

text: individual

text: ventures

text: that

text: show

text: particular

text: initiative

text: the

text: C.M.

text: Wells

text: Memorial

text: Trust

text: Fund

text: for

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: visits

text: to

text: classical

text: lands

text: the

text: Sadler

text: Fund

text: which

text: supports

text: amongst

text: others

text: those

text: intending

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Service

text: and

text: the

text: Marsden

text: Fund

text: for

text: travel

text: in

text: countries

text: where

text: the

text: principal

text: language

text: is

text: not

text: English

question: What does the Busk Fund support?

answer: individual ventures that show particular initiative

text: individual ventures that show particular initiative

question: Which Fund is dedicated for travel to non-English speaking countries?

answer: Marsden Fund

text: Marsden Fund

question: Which Fund supports travel to classical lands?

answer: the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund

text: the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund


text: The reason for this is that a quantum disjunction, unlike the case for classical disjunction, can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false and this is, in turn, attributable to the fact that it is frequently the case, in quantum mechanics, that a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate, while each of its members are necessarily indeterminate. This latter property can be illustrated by a simple example. Suppose we are dealing with particles (such as electrons) of semi-integral spin (angular momentum) for which there are only two possible values: positive or negative. Then, a principle of indetermination establishes that the spin, relative to two different directions (e.g., x and y) results in a pair of incompatible quantities. Suppose that the state ɸ of a certain electron verifies the proposition "the spin of the electron in the x direction is positive." By the principle of indeterminacy, the value of the spin in the direction y will be completely indeterminate for ɸ. Hence, ɸ can verify neither the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is positive" nor the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is negative." Nevertheless, the disjunction of the propositions "the spin in the direction of y is positive or the spin in the direction of y is negative" must be true for ɸ. In the case of distribution, it is therefore possible to have a situation in which , while .

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: a

text: quantum

text: disjunction

text: unlike

text: the

text: case

text: for

text: classical

text: disjunction

text: can

text: be

text: true

text: even

text: when

text: both

text: of

text: the

text: disjuncts

text: are

text: false

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: attributable

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: frequently

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: that

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: alternatives

text: are

text: semantically

text: determinate

text: while

text: each

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: are

text: necessarily

text: indeterminate

text: This

text: latter

text: property

text: can

text: be

text: illustrated

text: by

text: a

text: simple

text: example

text: Suppose

text: we

text: are

text: dealing

text: with

text: particles

text: such

text: as

text: electrons

text: of

text: semi

text: integral

text: spin

text: angular

text: momentum

text: for

text: which

text: there

text: are

text: only

text: two

text: possible

text: values

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: Then

text: a

text: principle

text: of

text: indetermination

text: establishes

text: that

text: the

text: spin

text: relative

text: to

text: two

text: different

text: directions

text: e.g.

text: x

text: and

text: y

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: incompatible

text: quantities

text: Suppose

text: that

text: the

text: state

text: ɸ

text: of

text: a

text: certain

text: electron

text: verifies

text: the

text: proposition

text: the

text: spin

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: in

text: the

text: x

text: direction

text: is

text: positive

text: By

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: indeterminacy

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: y

text: will

text: be

text: completely

text: indeterminate

text: for

text: ɸ

text: Hence

text: ɸ

text: can

text: verify

text: neither

text: the

text: proposition

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: positive

text: nor

text: the

text: proposition

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: negative

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: disjunction

text: of

text: the

text: propositions

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: positive

text: or

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: negative

text: must

text: be

text: true

text: for

text: ɸ

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: distribution

text: it

text: is

text: therefore

text: possible

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: situation

text: in

text: which

text: while

question: What is the difference of quantum disjunction from classic?

answer: can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false

text: can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false

question: What is frequently the case in quantum mechanics when a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate?

answer: each of its members are necessarily indeterminate

text: each of its members are necessarily indeterminate

question: How can quantum disjuction be illustrated?

answer: illustrated by a simple example

text: illustrated by a simple example