text: Saint Helena produces what is said to be the most expensive coffee in the world. It also produces and exports Tungi Spirit, made from the fruit of the prickly or cactus pears, Opuntia ficus-indica ("Tungi" is the local St Helenian name for the plant). Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own postage stamps which provide a significant income.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: produces

text: what

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: coffee

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: also

text: produces

text: and

text: exports

text: Tungi

text: Spirit

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: fruit

text: of

text: the

text: prickly

text: or

text: cactus

text: pears

text: Opuntia

text: ficus

text: indica

text: Tungi

text: is

text: the

text: local

text: St

text: Helenian

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: plant

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: and

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: all

text: issue

text: their

text: own

text: postage

text: stamps

text: which

text: provide

text: a

text: significant

text: income

question: What does Saint Helena have the most expensive of?

answer: coffee

text: coffee

question: What is Tungi Spirit made out of?

answer: Opuntia ficus-indica

text: Opuntia ficus-indica

question: Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own what?

answer: postage stamps

text: postage stamps


text: Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Of

text: the

text: estimated

text: million

text: Jews

text: living

text: in

text: Europe

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: Ashkenazi

text: about

text: million

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: thirds

text: were

text: systematically

text: murdered

text: in

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: These

text: included

text: million

text: of

text: million

text: Polish

text: Jews

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: of

text: other

text: Slavic

text: nations

text: Germany

text: Hungary

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: states

text: and

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: in

text: France

text: Sephardi

text: communities

text: suffered

text: similar

text: depletions

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: countries

text: including

text: Greece

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslavia

text: As

text: the

text: large

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: victims

text: were

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: their

text: percentage

text: dropped

text: from

text: nearly

text: of

text: world

text: Jewry

text: in

text: to

text: nearly

text: of

text: world

text: Jewry

text: today

text: The

text: Holocaust

text: also

text: effectively

text: put

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: dynamic

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Yiddish

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: previous

text: decades

text: as

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: around

text: million

text: were

text: Yiddish

text: speakers

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: surviving

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: emigrated

text: to

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Israel

text: Canada

text: Argentina

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: war

question: At the beginning of World War II, about how many Jews lived in Europe?

answer: 8.8 million

text: 8.8 million

question: Of the large number of Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, about how many were Ashkenazi?

answer: about 6 million

text: about 6 million

question: What percentage of Polish Jews were killed during the Holocaust?

answer: 91%

question: The percentage of Ashkenazi Jews went from being close to 92% of all Jews in the world in 1931 prior to WWII to what percentage today?

answer: nearly 80%

text: nearly 80%

question: The vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust spoke which language?

answer: Yiddish

text: Yiddish


text: John grew up to be around 5 ft 5 in (1.68 m) tall, relatively short, with a "powerful, barrel-chested body" and dark red hair; he looked to contemporaries like an inhabitant of Poitou. John enjoyed reading and, unusually for the period, built up a travelling library of books. He enjoyed gambling, in particular at backgammon, and was an enthusiastic hunter, even by medieval standards. He liked music, although not songs. John would become a "connoisseur of jewels", building up a large collection, and became famous for his opulent clothes and also, according to French chroniclers, for his fondness for bad wine. As John grew up, he became known for sometimes being "genial, witty, generous and hospitable"; at other moments, he could be jealous, over-sensitive and prone to fits of rage, "biting and gnawing his fingers" in anger.[nb 3]

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: grew

text: up

text: to

text: be

text: around

text: ft

text: in

text: m

text: tall

text: relatively

text: short

text: with

text: a

text: powerful

text: barrel

text: chested

text: body

text: and

text: dark

text: red

text: hair

text: he

text: looked

text: to

text: contemporaries

text: like

text: an

text: inhabitant

text: of

text: Poitou

text: John

text: enjoyed

text: reading

text: and

text: unusually

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: built

text: up

text: a

text: travelling

text: library

text: of

text: books

text: He

text: enjoyed

text: gambling

text: in

text: particular

text: at

text: backgammon

text: and

text: was

text: an

text: enthusiastic

text: hunter

text: even

text: by

text: medieval

text: standards

text: He

text: liked

text: music

text: although

text: not

text: songs

text: John

text: would

text: become

text: a

text: connoisseur

text: of

text: jewels

text: building

text: up

text: a

text: large

text: collection

text: and

text: became

text: famous

text: for

text: his

text: opulent

text: clothes

text: and

text: also

text: according

text: to

text: French

text: chroniclers

text: for

text: his

text: fondness

text: for

text: bad

text: wine

text: As

text: John

text: grew

text: up

text: he

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: sometimes

text: being

text: genial

text: witty

text: generous

text: and

text: hospitable

text: at

text: other

text: moments

text: he

text: could

text: be

text: jealous

text: over

text: sensitive

text: and

text: prone

text: to

text: fits

text: of

text: rage

text: biting

text: and

text: gnawing

text: his

text: fingers

text: in

text: anger.[nb

question: How tall was John?

answer: 5 ft 5 in

text: 5 ft 5 in

question: What did John build up?

answer: travelling library of books

text: travelling library of books

question: Who became a connoisseur of jewels?

answer: John

text: John

question: What did John do in fits of rage?

answer: biting and gnawing his fingers

text: biting and gnawing his fingers


text: In the 16th century political and religious changes altered the attitude of historians towards John. Tudor historians were generally favourably inclined towards the king, focusing on John's opposition to the Papacy and his promotion of the special rights and prerogatives of a king. Revisionist histories written by John Foxe, William Tyndale and Robert Barnes portrayed John as an early Protestant hero, and John Foxe included the king in his Book of Martyrs. John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine in 1632 praised John's "great renown" as a king; he blamed the bias of medieval chroniclers for the king's poor reputation.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: political

text: and

text: religious

text: changes

text: altered

text: the

text: attitude

text: of

text: historians

text: towards

text: John

text: Tudor

text: historians

text: were

text: generally

text: favourably

text: inclined

text: towards

text: the

text: king

text: focusing

text: on

text: John

text: 's

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: Papacy

text: and

text: his

text: promotion

text: of

text: the

text: special

text: rights

text: and

text: prerogatives

text: of

text: a

text: king

text: Revisionist

text: histories

text: written

text: by

text: John

text: Foxe

text: William

text: Tyndale

text: and

text: Robert

text: Barnes

text: portrayed

text: John

text: as

text: an

text: early

text: Protestant

text: hero

text: and

text: John

text: Foxe

text: included

text: the

text: king

text: in

text: his

text: Book

text: of

text: Martyrs

text: John

text: Speed

text: 's

text: Historie

text: of

text: Great

text: Britaine

text: in

text: praised

text: John

text: 's

text: great

text: renown

text: as

text: a

text: king

text: he

text: blamed

text: the

text: bias

text: of

text: medieval

text: chroniclers

text: for

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: poor

text: reputation

question: Which historians were favourably inclined towards the king?

answer: Tudor historians

text: Tudor historians

question: What praised John's "great renown" as a king?

answer: John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine

text: John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine

question: When did political and religious changes alter the attitude of historians towards John?

answer: 16th century

text: 16th century


text: Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: dialects

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: main

text: groups

text: Northern

text: Benaadir

text: and

text: Maay

text: Northern

text: Somali

text: or

text: Northern

text: Central

text: Somali

text: forms

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: Standard

text: Somali

text: Benaadir

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Coastal

text: Somali

text: is

text: spoken

text: on

text: the

text: Benadir

text: coast

text: from

text: Adale

text: to

text: south

text: of

text: Merca

text: including

text: Mogadishu

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: hinterland

text: The

text: coastal

text: dialects

text: have

text: additional

text: phonemes

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: Standard

text: Somali

text: Maay

text: is

text: principally

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: Digil

text: and

text: Mirifle

text: Rahanweyn

text: clans

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: areas

text: of

text: Somalia

question: Along with Northern and Maay, what is the third main group of Somali dialects?

answer: Benaadir

text: Benaadir

question: What dialect is Standard Somali based on?

answer: Northern Somali

text: Northern Somali

question: What is another name for Benaadir?

answer: Coastal Somali

text: Coastal Somali

question: What dialect is spoken on Mogadishu?

answer: Benaadir

text: Benaadir

question: In what geographic part of Somalia do the Rahanweyn live?

answer: southern

text: southern


text: Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: Hunting

text: is

text: claimed

text: to

text: give

text: resource

text: managers

text: an

text: important

text: tool

text: in

text: managing

text: populations

text: that

text: might

text: exceed

text: the

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: of

text: their

text: habitat

text: and

text: threaten

text: the

text: well

text: being

text: of

text: other

text: species

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: instances

text: damage

text: human

text: health

text: or

text: safety.[citation

text: needed

text: However

text: in

text: most

text: circumstances

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: a

text: combination

text: habitat

text: and

text: food

text: availability

text: and

text: hunting

text: for

text: population

text: control

text: has

text: no

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: annual

text: population

text: of

text: species.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: it

text: can

text: increase

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: predators

text: such

text: as

text: coyotes

text: by

text: removing

text: territorial

text: bounds

text: that

text: would

text: otherwise

text: be

text: established

text: resulting

text: in

text: excess

text: neighbouring

text: migrations

text: into

text: an

text: area

text: thus

text: artificially

text: increasing

text: the

text: population

text: Hunting

text: advocates[who

text: assert

text: that

text: hunting

text: reduces

text: intraspecific

text: competition

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: shelter

text: reducing

text: mortality

text: among

text: the

text: remaining

text: animals

text: Some

text: environmentalists

text: assert[who

text: that

text: re)introducing

text: predators

text: would

text: achieve

text: the

text: same

text: end

text: with

text: greater

text: efficiency

text: and

text: less

text: negative

text: effect

text: such

text: as

text: introducing

text: significant

text: amounts

text: of

text: free

text: lead

text: into

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: food

text: chain

question: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?

answer: managing populations

text: managing populations

question: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?

answer: combination habitat and food availability,

text: combination habitat and food availability,

question: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?

answer: same end

text: same end

question: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?

answer: managing populations

text: managing populations

question: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?

answer: threaten the well-being of other species

text: threaten the well-being of other species

question: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?

answer: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established

text: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established

question: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?

answer: mortality

text: mortality

question: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?

answer: (re)introducing predators

text: (re)introducing predators

question: What is an important tool in managing populations?

answer: Hunting

text: Hunting

question: What is carrying capacity determined by?

answer: combination habitat and food availability

text: combination habitat and food availability

question: What can it increase the population of?

answer: predators

text: predators


text: Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Jethro

text: Burns

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: comedy

text: duo

text: Homer

text: and

text: Jethro

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: important

text: jazz

text: mandolinist

text: Tiny

text: Moore

text: popularized

text: the

text: mandolin

text: in

text: Western

text: swing

text: music

text: He

text: initially

text: played

text: an

text: Gibson

text: but

text: switched

text: after

text: to

text: a

text: solidbody

text: electric

text: instrument

text: built

text: by

text: Paul

text: Bigsby

text: Modern

text: players

text: David

text: Grisman

text: Sam

text: Bush

text: and

text: Mike

text: Marshall

text: among

text: others

text: have

text: worked

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: mandolin

text: 's

text: versatility

text: for

text: all

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: Chris

text: Thile

text: of

text: California

text: is

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: player

text: and

text: has

text: accomplished

text: many

text: feats

text: of

text: traditional

text: bluegrass

text: classical

text: contemporary

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: the

text: band

text: Nickel

text: Creek

text: featured

text: his

text: playing

text: in

text: its

text: blend

text: of

text: traditional

text: and

text: pop

text: styles

text: and

text: he

text: now

text: plays

text: in

text: his

text: band

text: Punch

text: Brothers

text: Most

text: commonly

text: associated

text: with

text: bluegrass

text: mandolin

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: a

text: lot

text: in

text: country

text: music

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: Some

text: well

text: known

text: players

text: include

text: Marty

text: Stuart

text: Vince

text: Gill

text: and

text: Ricky

text: Skaggs

question: What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?

answer: half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro

text: half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro

question: What type of music did Jethro Burns play?

answer: jazz mandolinist

text: jazz mandolinist

question: Who popularized the mandolin in Western Swing Music?

answer: Tiny Moore

text: Tiny Moore

question: Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?

answer: Chris Thile of California is

text: Chris Thile of California is

question: Who are othe rwell know players?

answer: Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs

text: Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs


text: In contemporary society, adolescents also face some risks as their sexuality begins to transform. While some of these, such as emotional distress (fear of abuse or exploitation) and sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STIs/STDs), including HIV/AIDS, are not necessarily inherent to adolescence, others such as teenage pregnancy (through non-use or failure of contraceptives) are seen as social problems in most western societies. One in four sexually active teenagers will contract an STI. Adolescents in the United States often chose "anything but intercourse" for sexual activity because they mistakenly believe it reduces the risk of STIs. Across the country, clinicians report rising diagnoses of herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause genital warts, and is now thought to affect 15 percent of the teen population. Girls 15 to 19 have higher rates of gonorrhea than any other age group. One-quarter of all new HIV cases occur in those under the age of 21. Multrine also states in her article that according to a March survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, eighty-one percent of parents want schools to discuss the use of condoms and contraception with their children. They also believe students should be able to be tested for STIs. Furthermore, teachers want to address such topics with their students. But, although 9 in 10 sex education instructors across the country believe that students should be taught about contraceptives in school, over one quarter report receiving explicit instructions from school boards and administrators not to do so. According to anthropologist Margaret Mead, the turmoil found in adolescence in Western society has a cultural rather than a physical cause; they reported that societies where young women engaged in free sexual activity had no such adolescent turmoil.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: In

text: contemporary

text: society

text: adolescents

text: also

text: face

text: some

text: risks

text: as

text: their

text: sexuality

text: begins

text: to

text: transform

text: While

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: such

text: as

text: emotional

text: distress

text: fear

text: of

text: abuse

text: or

text: exploitation

text: and

text: sexually

text: transmitted

text: infections

text: diseases

text: STIs

text: STDs

text: including

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: inherent

text: to

text: adolescence

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: teenage

text: pregnancy

text: through

text: non

text: use

text: or

text: failure

text: of

text: contraceptives

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: social

text: problems

text: in

text: most

text: western

text: societies

text: One

text: in

text: four

text: sexually

text: active

text: teenagers

text: will

text: contract

text: an

text: STI

text: Adolescents

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: often

text: chose

text: anything

text: but

text: intercourse

text: for

text: sexual

text: activity

text: because

text: they

text: mistakenly

text: believe

text: it

text: reduces

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: STIs

text: Across

text: the

text: country

text: clinicians

text: report

text: rising

text: diagnoses

text: of

text: herpes

text: and

text: human

text: papillomavirus

text: HPV

text: which

text: can

text: cause

text: genital

text: warts

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: thought

text: to

text: affect

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: teen

text: population

text: Girls

text: to

text: have

text: higher

text: rates

text: of

text: gonorrhea

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: age

text: group

text: One

text: quarter

text: of

text: all

text: new

text: HIV

text: cases

text: occur

text: in

text: those

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Multrine

text: also

text: states

text: in

text: her

text: article

text: that

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: March

text: survey

text: by

text: the

text: Kaiser

text: Family

text: Foundation

text: eighty

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: parents

text: want

text: schools

text: to

text: discuss

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: condoms

text: and

text: contraception

text: with

text: their

text: children

text: They

text: also

text: believe

text: students

text: should

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: tested

text: for

text: STIs

text: Furthermore

text: teachers

text: want

text: to

text: address

text: such

text: topics

text: with

text: their

text: students

text: But

text: although

text: in

text: sex

text: education

text: instructors

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: believe

text: that

text: students

text: should

text: be

text: taught

text: about

text: contraceptives

text: in

text: school

text: over

text: one

text: quarter

text: report

text: receiving

text: explicit

text: instructions

text: from

text: school

text: boards

text: and

text: administrators

text: not

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: According

text: to

text: anthropologist

text: Margaret

text: Mead

text: the

text: turmoil

text: found

text: in

text: adolescence

text: in

text: Western

text: society

text: has

text: a

text: cultural

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: physical

text: cause

text: they

text: reported

text: that

text: societies

text: where

text: young

text: women

text: engaged

text: in

text: free

text: sexual

text: activity

text: had

text: no

text: such

text: adolescent

text: turmoil

question: What percentage of sexually active teenagers will contract an STI?

answer: One in four

text: One in four

question: Girls ages 15 to 19 have higher rates of what STD than any other age group?

answer: gonorrhea

text: gonorrhea

question: What ratio of all new HIV cases occur in those under age 21?

answer: One-quarter

text: One-quarter

question: According to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, what percentage of parents want schools to discuss contraception with their children?

answer: eighty-one percent

text: eighty-one percent

question: What percent of the teenage population is affected by herpes and HPV?

answer: 15


text: The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on music publications. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Dictionnaire de musique (published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris) was a leading text in the late 18th century. This widely available dictionary gave short definitions of words like genius and taste, and was clearly influenced by the Enlightenment movement. Another text influenced by Enlightenment values was Charles Burney's A General History of Music: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period (1776), which was a historical survey and an attempt to rationalize elements in music systematically over time. Recently, musicologists have shown renewed interest in the ideas and consequences of the Enlightenment. For example, Rose Rosengard Subotnik's Deconstructive Variations (subtitled Music and Reason in Western Society) compares Mozart's Die Zauberflöte (1791) using the Enlightenment and Romantic perspectives, and concludes that the work is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment".

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: desire

text: to

text: explore

text: record

text: and

text: systematize

text: knowledge

text: had

text: a

text: meaningful

text: impact

text: on

text: music

text: publications

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: 's

text: Dictionnaire

text: de

text: musique

text: published

text: in

text: Geneva

text: and

text: in

text: Paris

text: was

text: a

text: leading

text: text

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: This

text: widely

text: available

text: dictionary

text: gave

text: short

text: definitions

text: of

text: words

text: like

text: genius

text: and

text: taste

text: and

text: was

text: clearly

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: movement

text: Another

text: text

text: influenced

text: by

text: Enlightenment

text: values

text: was

text: Charles

text: Burney

text: 's

text: A

text: General

text: History

text: of

text: Music

text: From

text: the

text: Earliest

text: Ages

text: to

text: the

text: Present

text: Period

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: historical

text: survey

text: and

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: rationalize

text: elements

text: in

text: music

text: systematically

text: over

text: time

text: Recently

text: musicologists

text: have

text: shown

text: renewed

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: ideas

text: and

text: consequences

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: For

text: example

text: Rose

text: Rosengard

text: Subotnik

text: 's

text: Deconstructive

text: Variations

text: subtitled

text: Music

text: and

text: Reason

text: in

text: Western

text: Society

text: compares

text: Mozart

text: 's

text: Die

text: Zauberflöte

text: using

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: and

text: Romantic

text: perspectives

text: and

text: concludes

text: that

text: the

text: work

text: is

text: an

text: ideal

text: musical

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

question: The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on what other form of publication?

answer: music

text: music

question: What publication of Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a leading text in the late 18th century and was published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris?

answer: Dictionnaire de musique

text: Dictionnaire de musique

question: In what year was Charles Burney's A General History of Music: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period published?

answer: 1776

question: What Mozart piece did Rose Rosengard Subotnik conclude is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment"?

answer: Die Zauberflöte (1791)

text: Die Zauberflöte (1791)

question: Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote?

answer: Enlightenment and Romantic

text: Enlightenment and Romantic


text: With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fifth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country. Boston's subway system, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA—known as the "T") operates the oldest underground rapid transit system in the Americas, and is the fourth-busiest rapid transit system in the country, with 65.5 miles (105 km) of track on four lines. The MBTA also operates busy bus and commuter rail networks, and water shuttles.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: With

text: nearly

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: Bostonians

text: using

text: public

text: transit

text: for

text: their

text: commute

text: to

text: work

text: Boston

text: has

text: the

text: fifth

text: highest

text: rate

text: of

text: public

text: transit

text: usage

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Boston

text: 's

text: subway

text: system

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Bay

text: Transportation

text: Authority

text: MBTA

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: T

text: operates

text: the

text: oldest

text: underground

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: busiest

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: track

text: on

text: four

text: lines

text: The

text: MBTA

text: also

text: operates

text: busy

text: bus

text: and

text: commuter

text: rail

text: networks

text: and

text: water

text: shuttles

question: How many people in Boston use public transportation?

answer: nearly a third

text: nearly a third

question: Where does Boston rank nationally in terms of public transportation use?

answer: fifth-highest

text: fifth-highest

question: What is the name of Bostons subway system?

answer: MBTA

text: MBTA

question: The MBTA is also known as the what?

answer: T

text: T

question: How long is bostons subway system?

answer: 65.5 miles

text: 65.5 miles


text: The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the remainder will be spread across the active force. The Oshkosh M-ATV will be kept the most at 5,681 vehicles, as it is smaller and lighter than other MRAPs for off-road mobility. The other most retained vehicle will be the Navistar MaxxPro Dash with 2,633 vehicles, plus 301 Maxxpro ambulances. Thousands of other MRAPs like the Cougar, BAE Caiman, and larger MaxxPros will be disposed of.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: Pentagon

text: bought

text: MRAP

text: vehicles

text: since

text: in

text: variants

text: through

text: rapid

text: acquisition

text: with

text: no

text: long

text: term

text: plans

text: for

text: the

text: platforms

text: The

text: Army

text: plans

text: to

text: divest

text: vehicles

text: and

text: retain

text: Of

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: vehicles

text: the

text: Army

text: will

text: keep

text: will

text: be

text: put

text: in

text: storage

text: will

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: training

text: and

text: the

text: remainder

text: will

text: be

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: active

text: force

text: The

text: Oshkosh

text: M

text: ATV

text: will

text: be

text: kept

text: the

text: most

text: at

text: vehicles

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: smaller

text: and

text: lighter

text: than

text: other

text: MRAPs

text: for

text: off

text: road

text: mobility

text: The

text: other

text: most

text: retained

text: vehicle

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: Navistar

text: MaxxPro

text: Dash

text: with

text: vehicles

text: plus

text: Maxxpro

text: ambulances

text: Thousands

text: of

text: other

text: MRAPs

text: like

text: the

text: Cougar

text: BAE

text: Caiman

text: and

text: larger

text: MaxxPros

text: will

text: be

text: disposed

text: of

question: How many MRAP vehicles has the Pentagon bought since 2007?

answer: 25,000

question: How many of the vehicles will be used for training?

answer: 1,073

question: How many of the 25,000 vehicles do they plan on getting rid of?

answer: 7,456

question: The Army will be keeping 5,681 of what vehicle?

answer: Oshkosh M-ATV

text: Oshkosh M-ATV

question: What type of ambulance will the Army have 301 of?

answer: Maxxpro

text: Maxxpro


text: The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they were able. At the center of this environment was love: the love that Christ showed for humanity in becoming human. Christ's love reveals the mercy of God and His care for His creation. English Dominican mystics sought through this love to become images of God. Love led to spiritual growth that, in turn, reflected an increase in love for God and humanity. This increase in universal love allowed men's wills to conform to God's will, just as Christ's will submitted to the Father's will.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: English

text: concentrated

text: on

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: not

text: the

text: literality

text: of

text: events

text: They

text: neither

text: expected

text: nor

text: sought

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: stigmata

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: physical

text: manifestation

text: They

text: wanted

text: to

text: create

text: in

text: themselves

text: that

text: environment

text: that

text: allowed

text: Jesus

text: to

text: fulfill

text: His

text: divine

text: mission

text: insofar

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: able

text: At

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: this

text: environment

text: was

text: love

text: the

text: love

text: that

text: Christ

text: showed

text: for

text: humanity

text: in

text: becoming

text: human

text: Christ

text: 's

text: love

text: reveals

text: the

text: mercy

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: His

text: care

text: for

text: His

text: creation

text: English

text: Dominican

text: mystics

text: sought

text: through

text: this

text: love

text: to

text: become

text: images

text: of

text: God

text: Love

text: led

text: to

text: spiritual

text: growth

text: that

text: in

text: turn

text: reflected

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: love

text: for

text: God

text: and

text: humanity

text: This

text: increase

text: in

text: universal

text: love

text: allowed

text: men

text: 's

text: wills

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: God

text: 's

text: will

text: just

text: as

text: Christ

text: 's

text: will

text: submitted

text: to

text: the

text: Father

text: 's

text: will

question: The English Dominican Order focused primarily on what?

answer: the events of Christ's life

text: the events of Christ's life

question: What did the English Order not care about?

answer: the stigmata

text: the stigmata

question: The English Dominican Order wanted to put what at the center of their study of Christ?

answer: love

text: love

question: What does Christ's love reveal to humanity?

answer: the mercy of God

text: the mercy of God

question: What does love lead to according to English mystics?

answer: spiritual growth

text: spiritual growth


text: New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction. It carries millions of passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: New

text: Delhi

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: junction

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: railway

text: network

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Railway

text: The

text: five

text: main

text: railway

text: stations

text: are

text: New

text: Delhi

text: railway

text: station

text: Old

text: Delhi

text: Nizamuddin

text: Railway

text: Station

text: Anand

text: Vihar

text: Railway

text: Terminal

text: and

text: Sarai

text: Rohilla

text: The

text: Delhi

text: Metro

text: a

text: mass

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: built

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: Delhi

text: Metro

text: Rail

text: Corporation

text: DMRC

text: serves

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Delhi

text: and

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: cities

text: Faridabad

text: Gurgaon

text: Noida

text: and

text: Ghaziabad

text: As

text: of

text: August

text: the

text: metro

text: consists

text: of

text: six

text: operational

text: lines

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: length

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: and

text: stations

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: lines

text: are

text: under

text: construction

text: It

text: carries

text: millions

text: of

text: passengers

text: every

text: day

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Metro

text: a

text: suburban

text: railway

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Suburban

text: Railway

text: exists

question: What Indian city is the headquarters of the Northern Railway?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: How many main stations of the Northern Railway serve the New Delhi area?

answer: five

text: five

question: What organization is responsible for building and operating the Delhi Metro system?

answer: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

text: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

question: What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?

answer: 189 km

text: 189 km

question: The Delhi Metro consists of how many stations?

answer: 146


text: After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers. Harsha was a convert to Buddhism. He united the small republics from Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned Harsha king at an assembly in April 606 giving him the title of Maharaja when he was merely 16 years old. Harsha belonged to Kanojia. He brought all of northern India under his control. The peace and prosperity that prevailed made his court a center of cosmopolitanism, attracting scholars, artists and religious visitors from far and wide. The Chinese traveler Xuan Zang visited the court of Harsha and wrote a very favorable account of him, praising his justice and generosity.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: After

text: the

text: downfall

text: of

text: the

text: prior

text: Gupta

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: North

text: India

text: reverted

text: to

text: small

text: republics

text: and

text: small

text: monarchical

text: states

text: ruled

text: by

text: Gupta

text: rulers

text: Harsha

text: was

text: a

text: convert

text: to

text: Buddhism

text: He

text: united

text: the

text: small

text: republics

text: from

text: Punjab

text: to

text: central

text: India

text: and

text: their

text: representatives

text: crowned

text: Harsha

text: king

text: at

text: an

text: assembly

text: in

text: April

text: giving

text: him

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Maharaja

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: merely

text: years

text: old

text: Harsha

text: belonged

text: to

text: Kanojia

text: He

text: brought

text: all

text: of

text: northern

text: India

text: under

text: his

text: control

text: The

text: peace

text: and

text: prosperity

text: that

text: prevailed

text: made

text: his

text: court

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: cosmopolitanism

text: attracting

text: scholars

text: artists

text: and

text: religious

text: visitors

text: from

text: far

text: and

text: wide

text: The

text: Chinese

text: traveler

text: Xuan

text: Zang

text: visited

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: Harsha

text: and

text: wrote

text: a

text: very

text: favorable

text: account

text: of

text: him

text: praising

text: his

text: justice

text: and

text: generosity

question: In which century did the Gupta Empire fall?

answer: middle of the 6th century

text: middle of the 6th century

question: To what type of states did the former Gupta Empire revert?

answer: small

text: small

question: After uniting the area, what title was Harsha given?

answer: Maharaja

text: Maharaja

question: When was Harsha crowned by the states he united?

answer: April 606

text: April 606

question: To what religion had Harsha been converted?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism


text: Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810, in the same church where his parents had married, in Brochów. His eighteen-year-old godfather, for whom he was named, was Fryderyk Skarbek, a pupil of Nicolas Chopin. Fryderyk was the couple's second child and only son; he had an elder sister, Ludwika (1807–55), and two younger sisters, Izabela (1811–81) and Emilia (1812–27). Nicolas was devoted to his adopted homeland, and insisted on the use of the Polish language in the household.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Fryderyk

text: 's

text: father

text: Nicolas

text: Chopin

text: was

text: a

text: Frenchman

text: from

text: Lorraine

text: who

text: had

text: emigrated

text: to

text: Poland

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: sixteen

text: Nicolas

text: tutored

text: children

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: aristocracy

text: and

text: in

text: married

text: Justyna

text: Krzyżanowska

text: a

text: poor

text: relative

text: of

text: the

text: Skarbeks

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: families

text: for

text: whom

text: he

text: worked

text: Fryderyk

text: was

text: baptized

text: on

text: Easter

text: Sunday

text: April

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: church

text: where

text: his

text: parents

text: had

text: married

text: in

text: Brochów

text: His

text: eighteen

text: year

text: old

text: godfather

text: for

text: whom

text: he

text: was

text: named

text: was

text: Fryderyk

text: Skarbek

text: a

text: pupil

text: of

text: Nicolas

text: Chopin

text: Fryderyk

text: was

text: the

text: couple

text: 's

text: second

text: child

text: and

text: only

text: son

text: he

text: had

text: an

text: elder

text: sister

text: Ludwika

text: and

text: two

text: younger

text: sisters

text: Izabela

text: and

text: Emilia

text: Nicolas

text: was

text: devoted

text: to

text: his

text: adopted

text: homeland

text: and

text: insisted

text: on

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: household

question: Who did Frédéric's father marry in 1806?

answer: Justyna Krzyżanowska

text: Justyna Krzyżanowska

question: On what date was Frédéric baptised?

answer: 23 April 1810

text: 23 April 1810

question: What language did Frédéric's father, Nicolas, insist on using in the household?

answer: Polish

text: Polish

question: What was the given name of Chopin's father?

answer: Nicolas

text: Nicolas

question: Where was Chopin's father from?

answer: Lorraine

text: Lorraine

question: Chopin's father married who?

answer: Justyna Krzyżanowska

text: Justyna Krzyżanowska

question: What is the name of Chopin's godfather?

answer: Fryderyk Skarbek

text: Fryderyk Skarbek

question: What is the name of Chopin's eldest sister?

answer: Ludwika

text: Ludwika

question: What was Chopin's father's first name?

answer: Nicolas

text: Nicolas

question: From where id Chopin's father emigrate from?

answer: Lorraine

text: Lorraine

question: What is Chopin's older sister's name?

answer: Ludwika

text: Ludwika


text: Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: Lewis

text: Latimer

text: employed

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: by

text: Edison

text: developed

text: an

text: improved

text: method

text: of

text: heat

text: treating

text: carbon

text: filaments

text: which

text: reduced

text: breakage

text: and

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: molded

text: into

text: novel

text: shapes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: characteristic

text: M

text: shape

text: of

text: Maxim

text: filaments

text: On

text: January

text: Latimer

text: received

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: the

text: Process

text: of

text: Manufacturing

text: Carbons

text: an

text: improved

text: method

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: light

text: bulb

text: filaments

text: which

text: was

text: purchased

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Electric

text: Light

text: Company

text: Latimer

text: patented

text: other

text: improvements

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: better

text: way

text: of

text: attaching

text: filaments

text: to

text: their

text: wire

text: supports

question: Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes?

answer: Lewis Latimer

text: Lewis Latimer

question: When did Latimer patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"?

answer: 17 January 1882

text: 17 January 1882

question: Which company purchased Latimer's patent?

answer: United States Electric Light Company

text: United States Electric Light Company

question: Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?

answer: Edison

text: Edison


text: LaserDisc players can provide a great degree of control over the playback process. Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions). There were no "User Prohibited Options" where content protection code instructs the player to refuse commands to skip a specific part (such as fast forwarding through copyright warnings). (Some DVD players, particularly higher-end units, do have the ability to ignore the blocking code and play the video without restrictions, but this feature is not common in the usual consumer market.)

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: can

text: provide

text: a

text: great

text: degree

text: of

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: playback

text: process

text: Unlike

text: many

text: DVD

text: players

text: the

text: transport

text: mechanism

text: always

text: obeys

text: commands

text: from

text: the

text: user

text: pause

text: fast

text: forward

text: and

text: fast

text: reverse

text: commands

text: are

text: always

text: accepted

text: barring

text: of

text: course

text: malfunctions

text: There

text: were

text: no

text: User

text: Prohibited

text: Options

text: where

text: content

text: protection

text: code

text: instructs

text: the

text: player

text: to

text: refuse

text: commands

text: to

text: skip

text: a

text: specific

text: part

text: such

text: as

text: fast

text: forwarding

text: through

text: copyright

text: warnings

text: Some

text: DVD

text: players

text: particularly

text: higher

text: end

text: units

text: do

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: ignore

text: the

text: blocking

text: code

text: and

text: play

text: the

text: video

text: without

text: restrictions

text: but

text: this

text: feature

text: is

text: not

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: usual

text: consumer

text: market

question: How does LaserDisc operation vary from DVD?

answer: the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user

text: the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user

question: What are "User Protected Options" on DVDs?

answer: where content protection code instructs the player to refuse commands to skip a specific part

text: where content protection code instructs the player to refuse commands to skip a specific part

question: Where are User Protected Options commonly found on DVDs?

answer: copyright warnings

text: copyright warnings

question: Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, gives the user the most control over playback?

answer: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc


text: Successful cultivation of cotton requires a long frost-free period, plenty of sunshine, and a moderate rainfall, usually from 600 to 1,200 mm (24 to 47 in). Soils usually need to be fairly heavy, although the level of nutrients does not need to be exceptional. In general, these conditions are met within the seasonally dry tropics and subtropics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but a large proportion of the cotton grown today is cultivated in areas with less rainfall that obtain the water from irrigation. Production of the crop for a given year usually starts soon after harvesting the preceding autumn. Cotton is naturally a perennial but is grown as an annual to help control pests. Planting time in spring in the Northern hemisphere varies from the beginning of February to the beginning of June. The area of the United States known as the South Plains is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world. While dryland (non-irrigated) cotton is successfully grown in this region, consistent yields are only produced with heavy reliance on irrigation water drawn from the Ogallala Aquifer. Since cotton is somewhat salt and drought tolerant, this makes it an attractive crop for arid and semiarid regions. As water resources get tighter around the world, economies that rely on it face difficulties and conflict, as well as potential environmental problems. For example, improper cropping and irrigation practices have led to desertification in areas of Uzbekistan, where cotton is a major export. In the days of the Soviet Union, the Aral Sea was tapped for agricultural irrigation, largely of cotton, and now salination is widespread.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Successful

text: cultivation

text: of

text: cotton

text: requires

text: a

text: long

text: frost

text: free

text: period

text: plenty

text: of

text: sunshine

text: and

text: a

text: moderate

text: rainfall

text: usually

text: from

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

text: Soils

text: usually

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: fairly

text: heavy

text: although

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: nutrients

text: does

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: exceptional

text: In

text: general

text: these

text: conditions

text: are

text: met

text: within

text: the

text: seasonally

text: dry

text: tropics

text: and

text: subtropics

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: hemispheres

text: but

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: grown

text: today

text: is

text: cultivated

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: less

text: rainfall

text: that

text: obtain

text: the

text: water

text: from

text: irrigation

text: Production

text: of

text: the

text: crop

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: year

text: usually

text: starts

text: soon

text: after

text: harvesting

text: the

text: preceding

text: autumn

text: Cotton

text: is

text: naturally

text: a

text: perennial

text: but

text: is

text: grown

text: as

text: an

text: annual

text: to

text: help

text: control

text: pests

text: Planting

text: time

text: in

text: spring

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: hemisphere

text: varies

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: February

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: June

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: South

text: Plains

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: contiguous

text: cotton

text: growing

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: While

text: dryland

text: non

text: irrigated

text: cotton

text: is

text: successfully

text: grown

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: consistent

text: yields

text: are

text: only

text: produced

text: with

text: heavy

text: reliance

text: on

text: irrigation

text: water

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: Ogallala

text: Aquifer

text: Since

text: cotton

text: is

text: somewhat

text: salt

text: and

text: drought

text: tolerant

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: an

text: attractive

text: crop

text: for

text: arid

text: and

text: semiarid

text: regions

text: As

text: water

text: resources

text: get

text: tighter

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: economies

text: that

text: rely

text: on

text: it

text: face

text: difficulties

text: and

text: conflict

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: potential

text: environmental

text: problems

text: For

text: example

text: improper

text: cropping

text: and

text: irrigation

text: practices

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: desertification

text: in

text: areas

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: where

text: cotton

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: export

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: Aral

text: Sea

text: was

text: tapped

text: for

text: agricultural

text: irrigation

text: largely

text: of

text: cotton

text: and

text: now

text: salination

text: is

text: widespread

question: What is the optimum amount of rainfall for cotton growth?

answer: 600 to 1,200 mm

text: 600 to 1,200 mm

question: In what soil type does cotton prefer to grow ?

answer: heavy

text: heavy

question: Why is cotton grown as an annual crop?

answer: control pests

text: control pests

question: Where in the US is considered the best place to grow cotton on Earth?

answer: South Plains

text: South Plains

question: What type of tolerances make cotton an ideal crop for semiarid areas?

answer: salt and drought

text: salt and drought


text:
Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have varied applications in electronics and optics. Pnictogenides (Zn
3N
2, Zn
3P
2, Zn
3As
2 and Zn
3Sb
2), the peroxide (ZnO
2), the hydride (ZnH
2), and the carbide (ZnC
2) are also known. Of the four halides, ZnF
2 has the most ionic character, whereas the others (ZnCl
2, ZnBr
2, and ZnI
2) have relatively low melting points and are considered to have more covalent character.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Binary

text: compounds

text: of

text: zinc

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: metalloids

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: nonmetals

text: except

text: the

text: noble

text: gases

text: The

text: oxide

text: ZnO

text: is

text: a

text: white

text: powder

text: that

text: is

text: nearly

text: insoluble

text: in

text: neutral

text: aqueous

text: solutions

text: but

text: is

text: amphoteric

text: dissolving

text: in

text: both

text: strong

text: basic

text: and

text: acidic

text: solutions

text: The

text: other

text: chalcogenides

text: ZnS

text: ZnSe

text: and

text: ZnTe

text: have

text: varied

text: applications

text: in

text: electronics

text: and

text: optics

text: Pnictogenides

text: Zn

text: Zn

text: Zn

text: and

text: Zn

text: the

text: peroxide

text: ZnO

text: the

text: hydride

text: ZnH

text: and

text: the

text: carbide

text: ZnC

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: Of

text: the

text: four

text: halides

text: ZnF

text: has

text: the

text: most

text: ionic

text: character

text: whereas

text: the

text: others

text: ZnCl

text: ZnBr

text: and

text: ZnI

text: have

text: relatively

text: low

text: melting

text: points

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: more

text: covalent

text: character

question: What is not known for binary compounds of zinc?

answer: noble gases

text: noble gases

question: ZnO can be dissolved in what kind of solutions?

answer: strong basic and acidic solutions

text: strong basic and acidic solutions

question: What applications do chalcogenides have?

answer: electronics and optics.

text: electronics and optics.


text: Both the vertical and dipole antennas are simple in construction and relatively inexpensive. The dipole antenna, which is the basis for most antenna designs, is a balanced component, with equal but opposite voltages and currents applied at its two terminals through a balanced transmission line (or to a coaxial transmission line through a so-called balun). The vertical antenna, on the other hand, is a monopole antenna. It is typically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial transmission line (or a matching network); the shield of the transmission line is connected to ground. In this way, the ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a dipole, thereby forming a complete circuit. Since monopole antennas rely on a conductive ground, a so-called grounding structure may be employed to provide a better ground contact to the earth or which itself acts as a ground plane to perform that function regardless of (or in absence of) an actual contact with the earth.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Both

text: the

text: vertical

text: and

text: dipole

text: antennas

text: are

text: simple

text: in

text: construction

text: and

text: relatively

text: inexpensive

text: The

text: dipole

text: antenna

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: most

text: antenna

text: designs

text: is

text: a

text: balanced

text: component

text: with

text: equal

text: but

text: opposite

text: voltages

text: and

text: currents

text: applied

text: at

text: its

text: two

text: terminals

text: through

text: a

text: balanced

text: transmission

text: line

text: or

text: to

text: a

text: coaxial

text: transmission

text: line

text: through

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: balun

text: The

text: vertical

text: antenna

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: is

text: a

text: monopole

text: antenna

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: inner

text: conductor

text: of

text: a

text: coaxial

text: transmission

text: line

text: or

text: a

text: matching

text: network

text: the

text: shield

text: of

text: the

text: transmission

text: line

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: ground

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: the

text: ground

text: or

text: any

text: large

text: conductive

text: surface

text: plays

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: conductor

text: of

text: a

text: dipole

text: thereby

text: forming

text: a

text: complete

text: circuit

text: Since

text: monopole

text: antennas

text: rely

text: on

text: a

text: conductive

text: ground

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: grounding

text: structure

text: may

text: be

text: employed

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: better

text: ground

text: contact

text: to

text: the

text: earth

text: or

text: which

text: itself

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: ground

text: plane

text: to

text: perform

text: that

text: function

text: regardless

text: of

text: or

text: in

text: absence

text: of

text: an

text: actual

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: earth

question: Are basic antennas expensive?

answer: relatively inexpensive

text: relatively inexpensive

question: What is the foundation most often used when creating new antenna models?

answer: dipole antenna

text: dipole antenna

question: What category do vertical antennas fall under?

answer: monopole antenna

text: monopole antenna

question: What is used to close the circuit of a dipole antenna?

answer: large conductive surface

text: large conductive surface


text: Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Hot

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: radio

text: stations

text: play

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: classic

text: hits

text: and

text: contemporary

text: mainstream

text: music

text: aimed

text: at

text: an

text: adult

text: audience

text: Some

text: Hot

text: AC

text: stations

text: concentrate

text: slightly

text: more

text: on

text: pop

text: music

text: and

text: alternative

text: rock

text: to

text: target

text: the

text: Generation

text: Z

text: audience

text: though

text: they

text: include

text: the

text: more

text: youth

text: oriented

text: teen

text: pop

text: urban

text: and

text: rhythmic

text: dance

text: tracks

question: Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?

answer: contemporary mainstream music

text: contemporary mainstream music

question: What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?

answer: adult

text: adult

question: What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?

answer: Generation Z

text: Generation Z

question: Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?

answer: teen pop

text: teen pop


text: Relations between Ashkenazim and Sephardim have not always been warm. North African Sepharadim and Berber Jews were often looked upon by Ashkenazim as second-class citizens during the first decade after the creation of Israel. This has led to protest movements such as the Israeli Black Panthers led by Saadia Marciano a Moroccan Jew. Nowadays, relations are getting better. In some instances, Ashkenazi communities have accepted significant numbers of Sephardi newcomers, sometimes resulting in intermarriage.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Relations

text: between

text: Ashkenazim

text: and

text: Sephardim

text: have

text: not

text: always

text: been

text: warm

text: North

text: African

text: Sepharadim

text: and

text: Berber

text: Jews

text: were

text: often

text: looked

text: upon

text: by

text: Ashkenazim

text: as

text: second

text: class

text: citizens

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: after

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Israel

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: protest

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Black

text: Panthers

text: led

text: by

text: Saadia

text: Marciano

text: a

text: Moroccan

text: Jew

text: Nowadays

text: relations

text: are

text: getting

text: better

text: In

text: some

text: instances

text: Ashkenazi

text: communities

text: have

text: accepted

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: Sephardi

text: newcomers

text: sometimes

text: resulting

text: in

text: intermarriage

question: In the past have relations between Ashkenazim and Sephardim tended to be warm or cold?

answer: have not always been warm

text: have not always been warm

question: What did Saadia Marciano do with the Israeli Black Panthers?

answer: led to protest movements

text: led to protest movements

question: How did the Ashkenazim view north African Sepharadim and Berber Jews?

answer: as second-class citizens

text: as second-class citizens

question: Who led the Israeli Black Panthers?

answer: Saadia Marciano

text: Saadia Marciano

question: Where was Saadia Marciano from?

answer: Moroccan Jew

text: Moroccan Jew


text: The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011-12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore, which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: gross

text: state

text: domestic

text: product

text: GSDP

text: of

text: Delhi

text: at

text: current

text: prices

text: for

text: the

text: year

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: at

text: Rs

text: lakh

text: crore

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: per

text: cent

text: over

text: the

text: previous

text: fiscal

question: What was the gross state domestic product of Delhi for 2011-12?

answer: Rs 3.13 lakh crore

text: Rs 3.13 lakh crore

question: The GSDP of Delhi increased by what percentage over the previous year in 2011-12?

answer: 18.7

question: In which fiscal year was the GSDP of Delhi estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore?

answer: 2011-12

question: Did the GSDP of Delhi in 2011-12 increase or decrease from the previous fiscal year?

answer: increase

text: increase


text: The Bell family home was in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until 1880 when Bell's father-in-law bought a house in Washington, D.C., and later in 1882 bought a home in the same city for Bell's family, so that they could be with him while he attended to the numerous court cases involving patent disputes.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: The

text: Bell

text: family

text: home

text: was

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: until

text: when

text: Bell

text: 's

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: bought

text: a

text: house

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: bought

text: a

text: home

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: city

text: for

text: Bell

text: 's

text: family

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: be

text: with

text: him

text: while

text: he

text: attended

text: to

text: the

text: numerous

text: court

text: cases

text: involving

text: patent

text: disputes

question: In what year did Mabel's father move to Washington D.C.?

answer: 1880

question: In what year did Bell acquire a house in D.C.?

answer: 1882

question: Where did Bell and Mabel live before 1880?

answer: Cambridge, Massachusetts

text: Cambridge, Massachusetts

question: What did Bell have to go to court for in D.C.?

answer: patent disputes

text: patent disputes


text: On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: On

text: December

text: Pope

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: in

text: an

text: audience

text: with

text: the

text: Cardinal

text: Prefect

text: of

text: the

text: Congregation

text: for

text: the

text: Causes

text: of

text: Saints

text: declared

text: that

text: the

text: late

text: pontiff

text: had

text: lived

text: a

text: life

text: of

text: heroic

text: virtue

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: be

text: called

text: Venerable

text: A

text: miracle

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: intercession

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: approved

text: on

text: May

text: by

text: Pope

text: Francis

text: The

text: beatification

text: ceremony

text: for

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: October

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: he

text: can

text: now

text: be

text: called

text: Blessed

text: His

text: liturgical

text: feast

text: day

text: is

text: celebrated

text: on

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: his

text: birth

text: September

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: as

text: is

text: usual

question: In what year was Paul VI beautified?

answer: 2014

question: On what day was Paul VI born?

answer: 26 September

text: 26 September

question: Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?

answer: Paul VI

text: Paul VI

question: On what day was the beautification ceremony performed for Paul VI?

answer: 19 October

text: 19 October

question: What was attributed to Paul VI and officially approved on May 9, 2014?

answer: A miracle

text: A miracle


text: A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an electric field. The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region. Free electrons are in the conduction band of energy levels, while holes are in the valence energy band. Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of the electrons. Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: A

text: P

text: N

text: junction

text: can

text: convert

text: absorbed

text: light

text: energy

text: into

text: a

text: proportional

text: electric

text: current

text: The

text: same

text: process

text: is

text: reversed

text: here

text: i.e.

text: the

text: P

text: N

text: junction

text: emits

text: light

text: when

text: electrical

text: energy

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: it

text: This

text: phenomenon

text: is

text: generally

text: called

text: electroluminescence

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: emission

text: of

text: light

text: from

text: a

text: semi

text: conductor

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: The

text: charge

text: carriers

text: recombine

text: in

text: a

text: forward

text: biased

text: P

text: N

text: junction

text: as

text: the

text: electrons

text: cross

text: from

text: the

text: N

text: region

text: and

text: recombine

text: with

text: the

text: holes

text: existing

text: in

text: the

text: P

text: region

text: Free

text: electrons

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: conduction

text: band

text: of

text: energy

text: levels

text: while

text: holes

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: valence

text: energy

text: band

text: Thus

text: the

text: energy

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: holes

text: will

text: be

text: lesser

text: than

text: the

text: energy

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: electrons

text: Some

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: energy

text: must

text: be

text: dissipated

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: recombine

text: the

text: electrons

text: and

text: the

text: holes

text: This

text: energy

text: is

text: emitted

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: heat

text: and

text: light

question: What converts absorbed light energy into an electric current?

answer: P-N junction

text: P-N junction

question: What is the phenomenon where a P-N junction emits light when an electrical current is applied to it?

answer: electroluminescence

text: electroluminescence

question: Where are the free electrons located in the production of electroluminescence?

answer: the conduction band

text: the conduction band

question: Whose energy levels are lower than the electrons in the electroluminescence process?

answer: holes existing in the P-region

text: holes existing in the P-region

question: Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light?

answer: to recombine the electrons and the holes

text: to recombine the electrons and the holes


text: Continuing his experiments in Brantford, Bell brought home a working model of his telephone. On August 3, 1876, from the telegraph office in Mount Pleasant five miles (eight km) away from Brantford, Bell sent a tentative telegram indicating that he was ready. With curious onlookers packed into the office as witnesses, faint voices were heard replying. The following night, he amazed guests as well as his family when a message was received at the Bell home from Brantford, four miles (six km) distant, along an improvised wire strung up along telegraph lines and fences, and laid through a tunnel. This time, guests at the household distinctly heard people in Brantford reading and singing. These experiments clearly proved that the telephone could work over long distances.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Continuing

text: his

text: experiments

text: in

text: Brantford

text: Bell

text: brought

text: home

text: a

text: working

text: model

text: of

text: his

text: telephone

text: On

text: August

text: from

text: the

text: telegraph

text: office

text: in

text: Mount

text: Pleasant

text: five

text: miles

text: eight

text: km

text: away

text: from

text: Brantford

text: Bell

text: sent

text: a

text: tentative

text: telegram

text: indicating

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: ready

text: With

text: curious

text: onlookers

text: packed

text: into

text: the

text: office

text: as

text: witnesses

text: faint

text: voices

text: were

text: heard

text: replying

text: The

text: following

text: night

text: he

text: amazed

text: guests

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: his

text: family

text: when

text: a

text: message

text: was

text: received

text: at

text: the

text: Bell

text: home

text: from

text: Brantford

text: four

text: miles

text: six

text: km

text: distant

text: along

text: an

text: improvised

text: wire

text: strung

text: up

text: along

text: telegraph

text: lines

text: and

text: fences

text: and

text: laid

text: through

text: a

text: tunnel

text: This

text: time

text: guests

text: at

text: the

text: household

text: distinctly

text: heard

text: people

text: in

text: Brantford

text: reading

text: and

text: singing

text: These

text: experiments

text: clearly

text: proved

text: that

text: the

text: telephone

text: could

text: work

text: over

text: long

text: distances

question: From what city did Bell send his first message?

answer: Mount Pleasant

text: Mount Pleasant

question: Bell sent messages over wires hooked onto telegraph lines and what?

answer: fences

text: fences

question: What did the group at the Bells house hear other people doing?

answer: reading and singing

text: reading and singing


text: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recognized "Nuclear Weapons States" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world. However, there is no unanimous agreement among authorities as to the current status of these powers or what precisely defines a great power. For example, sources have at times referred to China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom as middle powers.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: China

text: France

text: Russia

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: great

text: powers

text: by

text: academics

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: dominance

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: arena

text: These

text: five

text: nations

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: states

text: to

text: have

text: permanent

text: seats

text: with

text: veto

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: recognized

text: Nuclear

text: Weapons

text: States

text: under

text: the

text: Nuclear

text: Non

text: Proliferation

text: Treaty

text: and

text: maintain

text: military

text: expenditures

text: which

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: However

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: unanimous

text: agreement

text: among

text: authorities

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: status

text: of

text: these

text: powers

text: or

text: what

text: precisely

text: defines

text: a

text: great

text: power

text: For

text: example

text: sources

text: have

text: at

text: times

text: referred

text: to

text: China

text: France

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: middle

text: powers

question: What countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States?

answer: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States

text: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States

question: How many countries are permanent seats on the UN Security Council?

answer: five

text: five

question: What other countries are referred to as middle powers?

answer: China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom

text: China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom

question: What treaty addresses nuclear weapons?

answer: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

text: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty


text: From around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud, "a slave girl who was said to have been bought at great cost by Hārūn al-Rashīd because she had passed her examinations by the most eminent scholars in astronomy, medicine, law, philosophy, music, history, Arabic grammar, literature, theology and chess". Moreover, among the most prominent feminine figures was Shuhda who was known as "the Scholar" or "the Pride of Women" during the 12th century in Baghdad. Despite the recognition of women's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty, all these came to an end in Iraq with the sack of Baghdad in 1258.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: From

text: around

text: during

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: Caliphate

text: women

text: became

text: renowned

text: for

text: their

text: brains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: beauty

text: In

text: particular

text: many

text: well

text: known

text: women

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: trained

text: from

text: childhood

text: in

text: music

text: dancing

text: and

text: poetry

text: Mahbuba

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: Another

text: feminine

text: figure

text: to

text: be

text: remembered

text: for

text: her

text: achievements

text: was

text: Tawaddud

text: a

text: slave

text: girl

text: who

text: was

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: bought

text: at

text: great

text: cost

text: by

text: Hārūn

text: al

text: Rashīd

text: because

text: she

text: had

text: passed

text: her

text: examinations

text: by

text: the

text: most

text: eminent

text: scholars

text: in

text: astronomy

text: medicine

text: law

text: philosophy

text: music

text: history

text: Arabic

text: grammar

text: literature

text: theology

text: and

text: chess

text: Moreover

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: feminine

text: figures

text: was

text: Shuhda

text: who

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Scholar

text: or

text: the

text: Pride

text: of

text: Women

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: Despite

text: the

text: recognition

text: of

text: women

text: 's

text: aptitudes

text: during

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: dynasty

text: all

text: these

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: in

text: Iraq

text: with

text: the

text: sack

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: in

question: What disciplines were women trained in during the first century?

answer: music, dancing and poetry

text: music, dancing and poetry

question: Who was the most well known female scholar in Islamic schools?

answer: Shuhda

text: Shuhda

question: Where did Shuhda attend school?

answer: Baghdad

text: Baghdad

question: When was formal education for Islamic women halted?

answer: 1258

question: During which Caliphate did Islamic women begin attending formal school?

answer: Abbasid

text: Abbasid


text: On the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller protests and demonstrations in Shymkent, Pavlodar, Karaganda, and Taldykorgan. Reports from Kazakh SSR authorities estimated that the riots drew 3,000 people. Other estimates are of at least 30,000 to 40,000 protestors with 5,000 arrested and jailed, and an unknown number of casualties. Jeltoqsan leaders say over 60,000 Kazakhs participated in the protests. According to the Kazakh SSR government, there were two deaths during the riots, including a volunteer police worker and a student. Both of them had died due to blows to the head. About 100 others were detained and several others were sentenced to terms in labor camps. Sources cited by the Library of Congress claimed that at least 200 people died or were summarily executed soon thereafter; some accounts estimate casualties at more than 1,000. The writer Mukhtar Shakhanov claimed that a KGB officer testified that 168 protesters were killed, but that figure remains unconfirmed.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: December

text: protests

text: turned

text: into

text: civil

text: unrest

text: as

text: clashes

text: between

text: troops

text: volunteers

text: militia

text: units

text: and

text: Kazakh

text: students

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: wide

text: scale

text: confrontation

text: The

text: clashes

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: controlled

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: day

text: The

text: Almaty

text: events

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: smaller

text: protests

text: and

text: demonstrations

text: in

text: Shymkent

text: Pavlodar

text: Karaganda

text: and

text: Taldykorgan

text: Reports

text: from

text: Kazakh

text: SSR

text: authorities

text: estimated

text: that

text: the

text: riots

text: drew

text: people

text: Other

text: estimates

text: are

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: to

text: protestors

text: with

text: arrested

text: and

text: jailed

text: and

text: an

text: unknown

text: number

text: of

text: casualties

text: Jeltoqsan

text: leaders

text: say

text: over

text: Kazakhs

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: protests

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Kazakh

text: SSR

text: government

text: there

text: were

text: two

text: deaths

text: during

text: the

text: riots

text: including

text: a

text: volunteer

text: police

text: worker

text: and

text: a

text: student

text: Both

text: of

text: them

text: had

text: died

text: due

text: to

text: blows

text: to

text: the

text: head

text: About

text: others

text: were

text: detained

text: and

text: several

text: others

text: were

text: sentenced

text: to

text: terms

text: in

text: labor

text: camps

text: Sources

text: cited

text: by

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Congress

text: claimed

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: died

text: or

text: were

text: summarily

text: executed

text: soon

text: thereafter

text: some

text: accounts

text: estimate

text: casualties

text: at

text: more

text: than

text: The

text: writer

text: Mukhtar

text: Shakhanov

text: claimed

text: that

text: a

text: KGB

text: officer

text: testified

text: that

text: protesters

text: were

text: killed

text: but

text: that

text: figure

text: remains

text: unconfirmed

question: Who was demonstrating?

answer: Kazakh students

text: Kazakh students

question: How many people were estimated by authorities to have attended the riots?

answer: 3,000

question: How did the Kazakh SSR government say the two protesters were killed?

answer: blows to the head

text: blows to the head

question: What were the attendance estimates from non governmental groups?

answer: 30,000 to 40,000

text: 30,000 to 40,000

question: Who wrote about the KGB officer's testimony?

answer: Mukhtar Shakhanov

text: Mukhtar Shakhanov


text: Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William constructed the Tower of London, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city, to intimidate the native inhabitants. In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster.

title: London

title: London

text: Following

text: his

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Hastings

text: William

text: Duke

text: of

text: Normandy

text: was

text: crowned

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: finished

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: on

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: William

text: constructed

text: the

text: Tower

text: of

text: London

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: Norman

text: castles

text: in

text: England

text: to

text: be

text: rebuilt

text: in

text: stone

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: intimidate

text: the

text: native

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: William

text: II

text: began

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: Westminster

text: Hall

text: close

text: by

text: the

text: abbey

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: The

text: hall

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

question: In what area of London was the Tower of London built?

answer: southeastern corner

text: southeastern corner

question: The Palace of Westminster originated from what building?

answer: Westminster Hall

text: Westminster Hall

question: On what day did Duke William II of Normandy become King of England?

answer: Christmas Day 1066

text: Christmas Day 1066

question: Who built Westminster Hall?

answer: William II

text: William II

question: In which famous battle did Duke William II of Normandy see victory?

answer: the Battle of Hastings

text: the Battle of Hastings


text: While asthma is a well recognized condition, there is not one universal agreed upon definition. It is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment".

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: While

text: asthma

text: is

text: a

text: well

text: recognized

text: condition

text: there

text: is

text: not

text: one

text: universal

text: agreed

text: upon

text: definition

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Global

text: Initiative

text: for

text: Asthma

text: as

text: a

text: chronic

text: inflammatory

text: disorder

text: of

text: the

text: airways

text: in

text: which

text: many

text: cells

text: and

text: cellular

text: elements

text: play

text: a

text: role

text: The

text: chronic

text: inflammation

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: airway

text: hyper

text: responsiveness

text: that

text: leads

text: to

text: recurrent

text: episodes

text: of

text: wheezing

text: breathlessness

text: chest

text: tightness

text: and

text: coughing

text: particularly

text: at

text: night

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: morning

text: These

text: episodes

text: are

text: usually

text: associated

text: with

text: widespread

text: but

text: variable

text: airflow

text: obstruction

text: within

text: the

text: lung

text: that

text: is

text: often

text: reversible

text: either

text: spontaneously

text: or

text: with

text: treatment

question: Is there a universal definition of astham?

answer: there is not one universal agreed upon definition

text: there is not one universal agreed upon definition

question: What main components play a role in asthma?

answer: many cells and cellular elements play a role

text: many cells and cellular elements play a role

question: What is the inflamation a result of?

answer: airway hyper-responsiveness

text: airway hyper-responsiveness

question: What does hyper-responsiveness of the airways cause?

answer: episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing

text: episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing

question: What are two ways to reverse an asthma attack?

answer: spontaneously or with treatment

text: spontaneously or with treatment