text: Direction lanterns are also found both inside and outside elevator cars, but they should always be visible from outside because their primary purpose is to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator. If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down, then the person may decide not to get on the elevator. If the person waits, then one will still stop going up. Direction indicators are sometimes etched with arrows or shaped like arrows and/or use the convention that one that lights up red means "down" and green means "up". Since the color convention is often undermined or overridden by systems that do not invoke it, it is usually used only in conjunction with other differentiating factors. An example of a place whose elevators use only the color convention to differentiate between directions is the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago, where a single circle can be made to light up green for "up" and red for "down". Sometimes directions must be inferred by the position of the indicators relative to one another.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Direction

text: lanterns

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: both

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: elevator

text: cars

text: but

text: they

text: should

text: always

text: be

text: visible

text: from

text: outside

text: because

text: their

text: primary

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: help

text: people

text: decide

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: get

text: on

text: the

text: elevator

text: If

text: somebody

text: waiting

text: for

text: the

text: elevator

text: wants

text: to

text: go

text: up

text: but

text: a

text: car

text: comes

text: first

text: that

text: indicates

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: going

text: down

text: then

text: the

text: person

text: may

text: decide

text: not

text: to

text: get

text: on

text: the

text: elevator

text: If

text: the

text: person

text: waits

text: then

text: one

text: will

text: still

text: stop

text: going

text: up

text: Direction

text: indicators

text: are

text: sometimes

text: etched

text: with

text: arrows

text: or

text: shaped

text: like

text: arrows

text: and/or

text: use

text: the

text: convention

text: that

text: one

text: that

text: lights

text: up

text: red

text: means

text: down

text: and

text: green

text: means

text: up

text: Since

text: the

text: color

text: convention

text: is

text: often

text: undermined

text: or

text: overridden

text: by

text: systems

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: invoke

text: it

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: only

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: other

text: differentiating

text: factors

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: place

text: whose

text: elevators

text: use

text: only

text: the

text: color

text: convention

text: to

text: differentiate

text: between

text: directions

text: is

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: in

text: Chicago

text: where

text: a

text: single

text: circle

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: to

text: light

text: up

text: green

text: for

text: up

text: and

text: red

text: for

text: down

text: Sometimes

text: directions

text: must

text: be

text: inferred

text: by

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: indicators

text: relative

text: to

text: one

text: another

question: What is the main function of direction lanterns?

answer: to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator

text: to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator

question: What might change your mind about whether or not to enter an elevator?

answer: If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down

text: If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down

question: What type of etching might you see on a direction indicator?

answer: arrows or shaped like arrows

text: arrows or shaped like arrows

question: Some elevators may use the color convention for only what purpose?

answer: to differentiate between directions

text: to differentiate between directions


text: Glacial ice is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth. Many glaciers from temperate, alpine and seasonal polar climates store water as ice during the colder seasons and release it later in the form of meltwater as warmer summer temperatures cause the glacier to melt, creating a water source that is especially important for plants, animals and human uses when other sources may be scant. Within high altitude and Antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: Glacial

text: ice

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: reservoir

text: of

text: freshwater

text: on

text: Earth

text: Many

text: glaciers

text: from

text: temperate

text: alpine

text: and

text: seasonal

text: polar

text: climates

text: store

text: water

text: as

text: ice

text: during

text: the

text: colder

text: seasons

text: and

text: release

text: it

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: meltwater

text: as

text: warmer

text: summer

text: temperatures

text: cause

text: the

text: glacier

text: to

text: melt

text: creating

text: a

text: water

text: source

text: that

text: is

text: especially

text: important

text: for

text: plants

text: animals

text: and

text: human

text: uses

text: when

text: other

text: sources

text: may

text: be

text: scant

text: Within

text: high

text: altitude

text: and

text: Antarctic

text: environments

text: the

text: seasonal

text: temperature

text: difference

text: is

text: often

text: not

text: sufficient

text: to

text: release

text: meltwater

question: Do Earth's lakes or glaciers hold the most freshwater?

answer: glaciers

text: glaciers

question: What causes glaciers to release meltwater?

answer: warmer summer temperatures

text: warmer summer temperatures

question: In which area are summer temperatures not high enough to release meltwater from glaciers?

answer: Antarctic environments

text: Antarctic environments

question: Under what circumstances would humans require water from a glacier?

answer: when other sources may be scant

text: when other sources may be scant


text: The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha; rough seas prevented a landing. He named the main island after himself, Ilha de Tristão da Cunha, which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island. Some sources state that the Portuguese made the first landing in 1520, when the Lás Rafael captained by Ruy Vaz Pereira called at Tristan for water. The first undisputed landing was made in 1643 by the crew of the Heemstede, captained by Claes Gerritsz Bierenbroodspot.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: The

text: islands

text: were

text: first

text: sighted

text: in

text: by

text: Portuguese

text: explorer

text: Tristão

text: da

text: Cunha

text: rough

text: seas

text: prevented

text: a

text: landing

text: He

text: named

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: after

text: himself

text: Ilha

text: de

text: Tristão

text: da

text: Cunha

text: which

text: was

text: anglicised

text: from

text: its

text: earliest

text: mention

text: on

text: British

text: Admiralty

text: charts

text: to

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: Island

text: Some

text: sources

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: made

text: the

text: first

text: landing

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Lás

text: Rafael

text: captained

text: by

text: Ruy

text: Vaz

text: Pereira

text: called

text: at

text: Tristan

text: for

text: water

text: The

text: first

text: undisputed

text: landing

text: was

text: made

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: crew

text: of

text: the

text: Heemstede

text: captained

text: by

text: Claes

text: Gerritsz

text: Bierenbroodspot

question: in what year were the islands first sighted?

answer: 1506

question: what was the name of the explorer that sighted them?

answer: Tristão da Cunha

text: Tristão da Cunha

question: who was the main island named after?

answer: Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha

text: Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha

question: what year was it said the first island landing was made?

answer: 1520


text: In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with." This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: In

text: South

text: Carolina

text: passed

text: an

text: ordinance

text: of

text: nullification

text: a

text: procedure

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: state

text: could

text: in

text: effect

text: repeal

text: a

text: federal

text: law

text: it

text: was

text: directed

text: against

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: tariff

text: acts

text: Soon

text: federal

text: soldiers

text: were

text: dispensed

text: to

text: Charleston

text: 's

text: forts

text: and

text: five

text: United

text: States

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: cutters

text: were

text: detached

text: to

text: Charleston

text: Harbor

text: to

text: take

text: possession

text: of

text: any

text: vessel

text: arriving

text: from

text: a

text: foreign

text: port

text: and

text: defend

text: her

text: against

text: any

text: attempt

text: to

text: dispossess

text: the

text: Customs

text: Officers

text: of

text: her

text: custody

text: until

text: all

text: the

text: requirements

text: of

text: law

text: have

text: been

text: complied

text: with

text: This

text: federal

text: action

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Charleston

text: incident

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: politicians

text: worked

text: on

text: a

text: compromise

text: law

text: in

text: Washington

text: to

text: gradually

text: reduce

text: the

text: tariffs

question: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?

answer: 1832

question: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts?

answer: federal soldiers

text: federal soldiers

question: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?

answer: five United States Coast Guard cutters

text: five United States Coast Guard cutters

question: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what?

answer: the Charleston incident

text: the Charleston incident

question: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?

answer: in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs

text: in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs


text: Red played an important role in Chinese philosophy. It was believed that the world was composed of five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth, and that each had a color. Red was associated with fire. Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune to his reign. During the Zhou, Han, Jin, Song and Ming Dynasties, red considered a noble color, and it was featured in all court ceremonies, from coronations to sacrificial offerings, and weddings.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: Chinese

text: philosophy

text: It

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: five

text: elements

text: metal

text: wood

text: water

text: fire

text: and

text: earth

text: and

text: that

text: each

text: had

text: a

text: color

text: Red

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: fire

text: Each

text: Emperor

text: chose

text: the

text: color

text: that

text: his

text: fortune

text: tellers

text: believed

text: would

text: bring

text: the

text: most

text: prosperity

text: and

text: good

text: fortune

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: During

text: the

text: Zhou

text: Han

text: Jin

text: Song

text: and

text: Ming

text: Dynasties

text: red

text: considered

text: a

text: noble

text: color

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: featured

text: in

text: all

text: court

text: ceremonies

text: from

text: coronations

text: to

text: sacrificial

text: offerings

text: and

text: weddings

question: How many elements did the Chinese philosophers think the world was made of?

answer: five

text: five

question: What element was red associated with in Chinese philosophy?

answer: fire

text: fire

question: Outside of Fire and Earth, what three other elements did Chinese philosophers say the world was composed from?

answer: metal, wood, water

text: metal, wood, water

question: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?

answer: all court ceremonies

text: all court ceremonies

question: In the time of the Ming Dynasty one would find what color used during sacrificial offerings?

answer: Red

text: Red


text: To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan was eventually killed in the Dzungar–Qing War. In 1683, Qing forces received the surrender of Taiwan from Zheng Keshuang, grandson of Koxinga, who had conquered Taiwan from the Dutch colonists as a base against the Qing. Zheng Keshuang was awarded the title "Duke Haicheng" (海澄公) and was inducted into the Han Chinese Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners when he moved to Beijing. Several Ming princes had accompanied Koxinga to Taiwan in 1661-1662, including the Prince of Ningjing Zhu Shugui and Prince Zhu Honghuan (朱弘桓), son of Zhu Yihai, where they lived in the Kingdom of Tungning. The Qing sent the 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan in 1683 back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives in exile since their lives were spared from execution. Winning Taiwan freed Kangxi's forces for series of battles over Albazin, the far eastern outpost of the Tsardom of Russia. Zheng's former soldiers on Taiwan like the rattan shield troops were also inducted into the Eight Banners and used by the Qing against Russian Cossacks at Albazin. The 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk was China's first formal treaty with a European power and kept the border peaceful for the better part of two centuries. After Galdan's death, his followers, as adherents to Tibetan Buddhism, attempted to control the choice of the next Dalai Lama. Kangxi dispatched two armies to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and installed a Dalai Lama sympathetic to the Qing.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: To

text: extend

text: and

text: consolidate

text: the

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: control

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: personally

text: led

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: military

text: campaigns

text: against

text: the

text: Dzungars

text: in

text: Outer

text: Mongolia

text: The

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: successfully

text: expel

text: Galdan

text: 's

text: invading

text: forces

text: from

text: these

text: regions

text: which

text: were

text: then

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: empire

text: Galdan

text: was

text: eventually

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Dzungar

text: Qing

text: War

text: In

text: Qing

text: forces

text: received

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: from

text: Zheng

text: Keshuang

text: grandson

text: of

text: Koxinga

text: who

text: had

text: conquered

text: Taiwan

text: from

text: the

text: Dutch

text: colonists

text: as

text: a

text: base

text: against

text: the

text: Qing

text: Zheng

text: Keshuang

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: title

text: Duke

text: Haicheng

text: 海澄公

text: and

text: was

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: Plain

text: Red

text: Banner

text: of

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: when

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: Beijing

text: Several

text: Ming

text: princes

text: had

text: accompanied

text: Koxinga

text: to

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: including

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Ningjing

text: Zhu

text: Shugui

text: and

text: Prince

text: Zhu

text: Honghuan

text: 朱弘桓

text: son

text: of

text: Zhu

text: Yihai

text: where

text: they

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Tungning

text: The

text: Qing

text: sent

text: the

text: Ming

text: princes

text: still

text: living

text: on

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: back

text: to

text: mainland

text: China

text: where

text: they

text: spent

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: their

text: lives

text: in

text: exile

text: since

text: their

text: lives

text: were

text: spared

text: from

text: execution

text: Winning

text: Taiwan

text: freed

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: forces

text: for

text: series

text: of

text: battles

text: over

text: Albazin

text: the

text: far

text: eastern

text: outpost

text: of

text: the

text: Tsardom

text: of

text: Russia

text: Zheng

text: 's

text: former

text: soldiers

text: on

text: Taiwan

text: like

text: the

text: rattan

text: shield

text: troops

text: were

text: also

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: and

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Qing

text: against

text: Russian

text: Cossacks

text: at

text: Albazin

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nerchinsk

text: was

text: China

text: 's

text: first

text: formal

text: treaty

text: with

text: a

text: European

text: power

text: and

text: kept

text: the

text: border

text: peaceful

text: for

text: the

text: better

text: part

text: of

text: two

text: centuries

text: After

text: Galdan

text: 's

text: death

text: his

text: followers

text: as

text: adherents

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: attempted

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: Kangxi

text: dispatched

text: two

text: armies

text: to

text: Lhasa

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Tibet

text: and

text: installed

text: a

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: sympathetic

text: to

text: the

text: Qing

question: Who did Kangxi fight?

answer: Dzungars

text: Dzungars

question: When was Galdan killed?

answer: Dzungar–Qing War

text: Dzungar–Qing War

question: Where did Kangxi lead an army?

answer: Outer Mongolia

text: Outer Mongolia

question: When did Taiwan fall?

answer: 1683

question: What European country did Kangxi fight?

answer: Russia

text: Russia


text: Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: designation

text: of

text: immunity

text: from

text: the

text: etymological

text: root

text: immunis

text: which

text: is

text: Latin

text: for

text: exempt

text: early

text: physicians

text: characterized

text: organs

text: that

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: proven

text: as

text: essential

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: The

text: important

text: lymphoid

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: are

text: the

text: thymus

text: and

text: bone

text: marrow

text: and

text: chief

text: lymphatic

text: tissues

text: such

text: as

text: spleen

text: tonsils

text: lymph

text: vessels

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: adenoids

text: and

text: liver

text: When

text: health

text: conditions

text: worsen

text: to

text: emergency

text: status

text: portions

text: of

text: immune

text: system

text: organs

text: including

text: the

text: thymus

text: spleen

text: bone

text: marrow

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: and

text: other

text: lymphatic

text: tissues

text: can

text: be

text: surgically

text: excised

text: for

text: examination

text: while

text: patients

text: are

text: still

text: alive

question: The term immunology is derived from a Latin word that means what?

answer: exempt

text: exempt

question: What are the major organs of the immune system?

answer: thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver

text: thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver

question: Who originally discovered these parts of the immune system?

answer: early physicians

text: early physicians

question: How do physicians study a patient's immune system organs in emergency situations?

answer: surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive

text: surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive

question: Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases?

answer: thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues

text: thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues


text: The anti-bullying It Gets Better Project expanded from a single YouTube video directed to discouraged or suicidal LGBT teens, that within two months drew video responses from hundreds including U.S. President Barack Obama, Vice President Biden, White House staff, and several cabinet secretaries. Similarly, in response to fifteen-year-old Amanda Todd's video "My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm", legislative action was undertaken almost immediately after her suicide to study the prevalence of bullying and form a national anti-bullying strategy.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: The

text: anti

text: bullying

text: It

text: Gets

text: Better

text: Project

text: expanded

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: YouTube

text: video

text: directed

text: to

text: discouraged

text: or

text: suicidal

text: LGBT

text: teens

text: that

text: within

text: two

text: months

text: drew

text: video

text: responses

text: from

text: hundreds

text: including

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: Vice

text: President

text: Biden

text: White

text: House

text: staff

text: and

text: several

text: cabinet

text: secretaries

text: Similarly

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: fifteen

text: year

text: old

text: Amanda

text: Todd

text: 's

text: video

text: My

text: story

text: Struggling

text: bullying

text: suicide

text: self

text: harm

text: legislative

text: action

text: was

text: undertaken

text: almost

text: immediately

text: after

text: her

text: suicide

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: bullying

text: and

text: form

text: a

text: national

text: anti

text: bullying

text: strategy

question: What is the name of the group that drew responses from the resident and most of his staff regarding anti-bullying?

answer: It Gets Better Project

text: It Gets Better Project

question: How old was Amanda Todd when she took her own life because of bullying?

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

question: How ling did it take the It Gets Better Project video to draw such a huge response?

answer: within two months

text: within two months

question: What was done after Amanda Todd's death?

answer: legislative action was undertaken

text: legislative action was undertaken

question: What was the goal of the actions taken after Amanda Todd's death?

answer: form a national anti-bullying strategy

text: form a national anti-bullying strategy


text: Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and according to him, there were three superpowers: the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. But by the mid-1950s the British Empire lost its superpower status, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's superpowers.[nb 2] The term middle power has emerged for those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs. Regional powers are those whose influence is generally confined to their region of the world.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wars

text: the

text: term

text: great

text: power

text: has

text: been

text: joined

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: power

text: classifications

text: Foremost

text: among

text: these

text: is

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: superpower

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: those

text: nations

text: with

text: overwhelming

text: power

text: and

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: coined

text: in

text: by

text: William

text: T.R.

text: Fox

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: him

text: there

text: were

text: three

text: superpowers

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: But

text: by

text: the

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: lost

text: its

text: superpower

text: status

text: leaving

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: superpowers.[nb

text: The

text: term

text: middle

text: power

text: has

text: emerged

text: for

text: those

text: nations

text: which

text: exercise

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: global

text: influence

text: but

text: are

text: insufficient

text: to

text: be

text: decisive

text: on

text: international

text: affairs

text: Regional

text: powers

text: are

text: those

text: whose

text: influence

text: is

text: generally

text: confined

text: to

text: their

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What is a superpower?

answer: nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world

text: nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world

question: Who first used the term superpower?

answer: William T.R. Fox

text: William T.R. Fox

question: Who were the three original superpowers?

answer: British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union

text: British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union

question: Who lost their superpower status in 1950s?

answer: British Empire

text: British Empire

question: What are middle powers?

answer: those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs

text: those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs


text: In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or communal rights?" In 2007, the Eritrean government also banned female genital mutilation. In Regional Assemblies and religious circles, Eritreans themselves speak out continuously against the use of female circumcision. They cite health concerns and individual freedom as being of primary concern when they say this. Furthermore, they implore rural peoples to cast away this ancient cultural practice. Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009. The group consists of ordinary citizens and some people close to the government.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: at

text: reform

text: Eritrean

text: government

text: officials

text: and

text: NGO

text: representatives

text: have

text: participated

text: in

text: numerous

text: public

text: meetings

text: and

text: dialogues

text: In

text: these

text: sessions

text: they

text: have

text: answered

text: questions

text: as

text: fundamental

text: as

text: What

text: are

text: human

text: rights

text: Who

text: determines

text: what

text: are

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: What

text: should

text: take

text: precedence

text: human

text: or

text: communal

text: rights

text: In

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: government

text: also

text: banned

text: female

text: genital

text: mutilation

text: In

text: Regional

text: Assemblies

text: and

text: religious

text: circles

text: Eritreans

text: themselves

text: speak

text: out

text: continuously

text: against

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: female

text: circumcision

text: They

text: cite

text: health

text: concerns

text: and

text: individual

text: freedom

text: as

text: being

text: of

text: primary

text: concern

text: when

text: they

text: say

text: this

text: Furthermore

text: they

text: implore

text: rural

text: peoples

text: to

text: cast

text: away

text: this

text: ancient

text: cultural

text: practice

text: Additionally

text: a

text: new

text: movement

text: called

text: Citizens

text: for

text: Democratic

text: Rights

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: aimed

text: at

text: bringing

text: about

text: dialogue

text: between

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: opposition

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: early

text: The

text: group

text: consists

text: of

text: ordinary

text: citizens

text: and

text: some

text: people

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: government

question: Why have Eritrean government officials participated in numerous meetings with NGO representatives?

answer: In an attempt at reform

text: In an attempt at reform

question: What did the Eritrean government ban in 2007?

answer: female genital mutilation

text: female genital mutilation

question: What new movement is aimed at opening dialogue between the government and opposition?

answer: Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea

text: Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea

question: Who, along with ordinary citizens, makes up the Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea?

answer: some people close to the government

text: some people close to the government

question: What are the main concerns Eritreans speak about in terms of female circumcision?

answer: health concerns and individual freedom

text: health concerns and individual freedom


text: The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis).

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: The

text: other

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: dialects

text: Ionic

text: Doric

text: Aeolic

text: and

text: Arcadocypriot

text: likely

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: three

text: way

text: distinction

text: at

text: one

text: point

text: but

text: Doric

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: fricative

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: /tʰ/

text: in

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: Ionic

text: and

text: Aeolic

text: dialects

text: sometimes

text: lost

text: aspiration

text: psilosis

question: Dialects such as Aeolic and Doric had how many distinctions that were the same at one point in time?

answer: three

text: three

question: Which two dialects lost aspiration at times?

answer: Ionic and Aeolic

text: Ionic and Aeolic

question: Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period?

answer: fricative

text: fricative


text: A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: A

text: general

text: purpose

text: computer

text: has

text: four

text: main

text: components

text: the

text: arithmetic

text: logic

text: unit

text: ALU

text: the

text: control

text: unit

text: the

text: memory

text: and

text: the

text: input

text: and

text: output

text: devices

text: collectively

text: termed

text: I

text: O

text: These

text: parts

text: are

text: interconnected

text: by

text: buses

text: often

text: made

text: of

text: groups

text: of

text: wires

question: The ALU of a computer stands for what?

answer: arithmetic logic

text: arithmetic logic

question: Input and output devices are known as what term?

answer: I/O

text: I/O

question: Besides the ALU, input and output devices, what are the other two main components of a computer?

answer: the control unit, the memory

text: the control unit, the memory


text: They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison. Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind. According to a 2007 article, the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts was mineral, the most toxic, and according to toxicologist Patrick Kintz, this supported the conclusion that he was murdered.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: They

text: maintained

text: that

text: the

text: potassium

text: tartrate

text: used

text: in

text: his

text: treatment

text: prevented

text: his

text: stomach

text: from

text: expelling

text: these

text: compounds

text: and

text: that

text: his

text: thirst

text: was

text: a

text: symptom

text: of

text: the

text: poison

text: Their

text: hypothesis

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: calomel

text: given

text: to

text: Napoleon

text: became

text: an

text: overdose

text: which

text: killed

text: him

text: and

text: left

text: extensive

text: tissue

text: damage

text: behind

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: article

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: arsenic

text: found

text: in

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: hair

text: shafts

text: was

text: mineral

text: the

text: most

text: toxic

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: toxicologist

text: Patrick

text: Kintz

text: this

text: supported

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: murdered

question: What substance used in Napoleon's treatment is it suggested prevented his stomach from expelling arsenic compounds?

answer: potassium tartrate

text: potassium tartrate

question: What do those who think Napoleon was poisoned cite as a symptom that would suggest this?

answer: his thirst

text: his thirst

question: According to Patrick Knize, what conclusion does the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts suggest?

answer: that he was murdered

text: that he was murdered

question: In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?

answer: 2007


text: So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds. The modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩ after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the "voiced aspirated" bilabial stop ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages. This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter ⟨bʱ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative ⟨ɦ⟩.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: So

text: called

text: voiced

text: aspirated

text: consonants

text: are

text: nearly

text: always

text: pronounced

text: instead

text: with

text: breathy

text: voice

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: phonation

text: or

text: vibration

text: of

text: the

text: vocal

text: folds

text: The

text: modifier

text: letter

text: ʰ⟩

text: after

text: a

text: voiced

text: consonant

text: actually

text: represents

text: a

text: breathy

text: voiced

text: or

text: murmured

text: dental

text: stop

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: voiced

text: aspirated

text: bilabial

text: stop

text: ⟨bʰ⟩

text: in

text: the

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: This

text: consonant

text: is

text: therefore

text: more

text: accurately

text: transcribed

text: as

text: ⟨b̤⟩

text: with

text: the

text: diacritic

text: for

text: breathy

text: voice

text: or

text: with

text: the

text: modifier

text: letter

text: ⟨bʱ⟩

text: a

text: superscript

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: symbol

text: for

text: the

text: voiced

text: glottal

text: fricative

text: ⟨ɦ⟩.

question: What is breathy voice?

answer: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds

text: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds

question: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?

answer: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic

text: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic


text: Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover. Some universities in Germany can also be seen as institutes of technology due to comprising a wide spread of technical sciences and having a history as a technical university. Examples are

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Niedersächsische

text: Technische

text: Hochschule

text: is

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: of

text: TU

text: Clausthal

text: TU

text: Braunschweig

text: and

text: University

text: of

text: Hanover

text: Some

text: universities

text: in

text: Germany

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: due

text: to

text: comprising

text: a

text: wide

text: spread

text: of

text: technical

text: sciences

text: and

text: having

text: a

text: history

text: as

text: a

text: technical

text: university

text: Examples

text: are

question: What's the joint project of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig, and the University of Hanover called?

answer: Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule

text: Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule


text: Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty".

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Reservations

text: are

text: essentially

text: caveats

text: to

text: a

text: state

text: 's

text: acceptance

text: of

text: a

text: treaty

text: Reservations

text: are

text: unilateral

text: statements

text: purporting

text: to

text: exclude

text: or

text: to

text: modify

text: the

text: legal

text: obligation

text: and

text: its

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: reserving

text: state

text: These

text: must

text: be

text: included

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: signing

text: or

text: ratification

text: i.e.

text: a

text: party

text: can

text: not

text: add

text: a

text: reservation

text: after

text: it

text: has

text: already

text: joined

text: a

text: treaty

question: What are caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty?

answer: Reservations

text: Reservations

question: What are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on a state?

answer: Reservations

text: Reservations

question: When must reservations be included in a treaty?

answer: at the time of signing or ratification

text: at the time of signing or ratification

question: What are parties to a treaty forbidden to do after they have already joined a treaty?

answer: add a reservation

text: add a reservation

question: A reserving party to a treaty may include a statement that attempts to do what to its legal obligations or their effects?

answer: exclude or to modify

text: exclude or to modify


text: European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard. In 1925, section 137 of the 1909 constitution of the Union of South Africa was amended by Act 8 of 1925, stating "the word Dutch in article 137 [...] is hereby declared to include Afrikaans". The constitution of 1983 only listed English and Afrikaans as official languages. It is estimated that between 90% to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: European

text: Dutch

text: remained

text: the

text: literary

text: language

text: until

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: when

text: under

text: pressure

text: of

text: Afrikaner

text: nationalism

text: the

text: local

text: African

text: Dutch

text: was

text: preferred

text: over

text: the

text: written

text: European

text: based

text: standard

text: In

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: amended

text: by

text: Act

text: of

text: stating

text: the

text: word

text: Dutch

text: in

text: article

text: is

text: hereby

text: declared

text: to

text: include

text: Afrikaans

text: The

text: constitution

text: of

text: only

text: listed

text: English

text: and

text: Afrikaans

text: as

text: official

text: languages

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: between

text: to

text: of

text: Afrikaans

text: vocabulary

text: is

text: ultimately

text: of

text: Dutch

text: origin

question: In what decade did European Dutch yield to the local dialect in South Africa?

answer: 1920s

question: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch?

answer: 95%

question: What South African document from 1983 doesn't list Dutch as an official language?

answer: constitution

text: constitution

question: What section of the constitution was changed by Act 8 of 1925 to include Afrikaans with Dutch?

answer: 137

question: What pressure influenced the shift in South Africa from the use of European Dutch in the 1920s?

answer: Afrikaner nationalism

text: Afrikaner nationalism


text: Ancient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thumb were used to build rectilinear structures, and the post and lintel architecture of Egypt. Egypt was also a center of alchemy research for much of the Mediterranean.The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience. However, while Egyptian medicine had some effective practices, it was not without its ineffective and sometimes harmful practices. Medical historians believe that ancient Egyptian pharmacology, for example, was largely ineffective. Nevertheless, it applies the following components to the treatment of disease: examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, which display strong parallels to the basic empirical method of science and according to G. E. R. Lloyd played a significant role in the development of this methodology. The Ebers papyrus (c. 1550 BC) also contains evidence of traditional empiricism.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: made

text: significant

text: advances

text: in

text: astronomy

text: mathematics

text: and

text: medicine

text: Their

text: development

text: of

text: geometry

text: was

text: a

text: necessary

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: surveying

text: to

text: preserve

text: the

text: layout

text: and

text: ownership

text: of

text: farmland

text: which

text: was

text: flooded

text: annually

text: by

text: the

text: Nile

text: river

text: The

text: right

text: triangle

text: and

text: other

text: rules

text: of

text: thumb

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: build

text: rectilinear

text: structures

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: and

text: lintel

text: architecture

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: alchemy

text: research

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: The

text: Edwin

text: Smith

text: papyrus

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: medical

text: documents

text: still

text: extant

text: and

text: perhaps

text: the

text: earliest

text: document

text: that

text: attempts

text: to

text: describe

text: and

text: analyse

text: the

text: brain

text: it

text: might

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: very

text: beginnings

text: of

text: modern

text: neuroscience

text: However

text: while

text: Egyptian

text: medicine

text: had

text: some

text: effective

text: practices

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: without

text: its

text: ineffective

text: and

text: sometimes

text: harmful

text: practices

text: Medical

text: historians

text: believe

text: that

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: pharmacology

text: for

text: example

text: was

text: largely

text: ineffective

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: applies

text: the

text: following

text: components

text: to

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: disease

text: examination

text: diagnosis

text: treatment

text: and

text: prognosis

text: which

text: display

text: strong

text: parallels

text: to

text: the

text: basic

text: empirical

text: method

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: G.

text: E.

text: R.

text: Lloyd

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: this

text: methodology

text: The

text: Ebers

text: papyrus

text: c.

text: BC

text: also

text: contains

text: evidence

text: of

text: traditional

text: empiricism

question: Which civilization advanced in astronomy, mathematics, and medicine?

answer: Ancient Egypt

text: Ancient Egypt

question: What did Egyptians use to better organize their farmland?

answer: geometry

text: geometry

question: What theory did the Egyptians use to build rectilinear structures?

answer: The 3-4-5 right triangle

text: The 3-4-5 right triangle

question: What research was Egypt known for?

answer: alchemy

text: alchemy

question: What is the name of the earliest medical document?

answer: The Edwin Smith papyrus

text: The Edwin Smith papyrus


text: In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 1886, F.H. Bosworth theorized a connection between asthma and hay fever. Epinephrine was first referred to in the treatment of asthma in 1905. Oral corticosteroids began to be used for this condition in the 1950s while inhaled corticosteroids and selective short acting beta agonist came into wide use in the 1960s.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: In

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: papers

text: in

text: modern

text: medicine

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: tried

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: pathophysiology

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: while

text: one

text: in

text: concluded

text: that

text: asthma

text: can

text: be

text: cured

text: by

text: rubbing

text: the

text: chest

text: with

text: chloroform

text: liniment

text: Medical

text: treatment

text: in

text: included

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: intravenous

text: doses

text: of

text: a

text: drug

text: called

text: pilocarpin

text: In

text: F.H.

text: Bosworth

text: theorized

text: a

text: connection

text: between

text: asthma

text: and

text: hay

text: fever

text: Epinephrine

text: was

text: first

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: asthma

text: in

text: Oral

text: corticosteroids

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: condition

text: in

text: the

text: while

text: inhaled

text: corticosteroids

text: and

text: selective

text: short

text: acting

text: beta

text: agonist

text: came

text: into

text: wide

text: use

text: in

text: the

question: When was the first paper written about asthma?

answer: In 1873

text: In 1873

question: What was first used as a cure for asthma?

answer: by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment

text: by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment

question: In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma?

answer: pilocarpin

text: pilocarpin

question: When did inhaled corticosteroids and short acting beta agonist start being used?

answer: in the 1960s

text: in the 1960s


text: Drying produces a decided increase in the strength of wood, particularly in small specimens. An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 cm in section, which will sustain a permanent load four times as great as a green (undried) block of the same size will.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Drying

text: produces

text: a

text: decided

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: wood

text: particularly

text: in

text: small

text: specimens

text: An

text: extreme

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: completely

text: dry

text: spruce

text: block

text: cm

text: in

text: section

text: which

text: will

text: sustain

text: a

text: permanent

text: load

text: four

text: times

text: as

text: great

text: as

text: a

text: green

text: undried

text: block

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: will

question: What will drying often increase in wood?

answer: strength

text: strength

question: What color is also used interchangeably with "undried" for wood?

answer: green

text: green

question: What type of wood can hold four times as much of a load when dried?

answer: spruce

text: spruce


text: The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: The

text: U.S.

text: recession

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: December

text: ended

text: in

text: June

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: National

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Economic

text: Research

text: NBER

text: and

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: ended

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: In

text: April

text: TIME

text: magazine

text: declared

text: More

text: Quickly

text: Than

text: It

text: Began

text: The

text: Banking

text: Crisis

text: Is

text: Over

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Financial

text: Crisis

text: Inquiry

text: Commission

text: dates

text: the

text: crisis

text: to

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: declared

text: on

text: January

text: the

text: markets

text: are

text: now

text: stabilized

text: and

text: we

text: 've

text: recovered

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: money

text: we

text: spent

text: on

text: the

text: banks

question: When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?

answer: June 2009

text: June 2009

question: When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?

answer: June 2009

text: June 2009

question: When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?

answer: 2008

question: What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over?

answer: More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over."

text: More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over."

question: On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized?

answer: January 27, 2010

text: January 27, 2010


text: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is immeasurable. For example, given a random seven-digit number we may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory. On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: The

text: storage

text: in

text: sensory

text: memory

text: and

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: generally

text: has

text: a

text: strictly

text: limited

text: capacity

text: and

text: duration

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: information

text: is

text: not

text: retained

text: indefinitely

text: By

text: contrast

text: long

text: term

text: memory

text: can

text: store

text: much

text: larger

text: quantities

text: of

text: information

text: for

text: potentially

text: unlimited

text: duration

text: sometimes

text: a

text: whole

text: life

text: span

text: Its

text: capacity

text: is

text: immeasurable

text: For

text: example

text: given

text: a

text: random

text: seven

text: digit

text: number

text: we

text: may

text: remember

text: it

text: for

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: before

text: forgetting

text: suggesting

text: it

text: was

text: stored

text: in

text: our

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: we

text: can

text: remember

text: telephone

text: numbers

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: through

text: repetition

text: this

text: information

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: stored

text: in

text: long

text: term

text: memory

question: Why can't some memories be held onto forever?

answer: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration

text: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration

question: If a memory that is stored in with long term-memories, how long can you possibly rememeber it?

answer: sometimes a whole life span)

text: sometimes a whole life span)

question: What is the capacity of long term memory?

answer: capacity is immeasurable

text: capacity is immeasurable

question: If you knew a telephone number one week ago, but have forgotten it now, where was this memory stored?

answer: in our short-term memory

text: in our short-term memory


text: In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Japan, this has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya, and allows clergy to marry.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: Eastern

text: Buddhism

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: distinctive

text: Vinaya

text: and

text: ethics

text: contained

text: within

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: Brahmajala

text: Sutra

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: Pali

text: text

text: of

text: that

text: name

text: for

text: Bodhisattvas

text: where

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: eating

text: of

text: meat

text: is

text: frowned

text: upon

text: and

text: vegetarianism

text: is

text: actively

text: encouraged

text: see

text: vegetarianism

text: in

text: Buddhism

text: In

text: Japan

text: this

text: has

text: almost

text: completely

text: displaced

text: the

text: monastic

text: vinaya

text: and

text: allows

text: clergy

text: to

text: marry

question: Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?

answer: Mahayana Brahmajala

text: Mahayana Brahmajala

question: Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what?

answer: meat

text: meat

question: Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry?

answer: Japan

text: Japan


text: The Oklahoma City Police Department, has a uniformed force of 1,169 officers and 300+ civilian employees. The Department has a central police station and five substations covering 2,500 police reporting districts that average 1/4 square mile in size.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Police

text: Department

text: has

text: a

text: uniformed

text: force

text: of

text: officers

text: and

text: civilian

text: employees

text: The

text: Department

text: has

text: a

text: central

text: police

text: station

text: and

text: five

text: substations

text: covering

text: police

text: reporting

text: districts

text: that

text: average

text: square

text: mile

text: in

text: size

question: How many substations does Oklahoma city have?

answer: 5


text: Queen have been recognised as having made significant contributions to such genres as hard rock, and heavy metal, among others. Hence, the band have been cited as an influence by many other musicians. Moreover, like their music, the bands and artists that have claimed to be influenced by Queen and have expressed admiration for them are diverse, spanning different generations, countries, and genres, including heavy metal: Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Dream Theater, Trivium, Megadeth, Anthrax, Slipknot and Rage Against the Machine; hard rock: Guns N' Roses, Def Leppard, Van Halen, Mötley Crüe, Steve Vai, the Cult, the Darkness, Manic Street Preachers, Kid Rockand Foo Fighters; alternative rock: Nirvana, Radiohead, Trent Reznor, Muse, Franz Ferdinand, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, Faith No More, Melvins, the Flaming Lips, Yeah Yeah Yeahs and The Smashing Pumpkins; pop rock: Meat Loaf, The Killers, My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy and Panic! At the Disco; and pop: Michael Jackson, George Michael, Robbie Williams, Adele, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Queen

text: have

text: been

text: recognised

text: as

text: having

text: made

text: significant

text: contributions

text: to

text: such

text: genres

text: as

text: hard

text: rock

text: and

text: heavy

text: metal

text: among

text: others

text: Hence

text: the

text: band

text: have

text: been

text: cited

text: as

text: an

text: influence

text: by

text: many

text: other

text: musicians

text: Moreover

text: like

text: their

text: music

text: the

text: bands

text: and

text: artists

text: that

text: have

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: influenced

text: by

text: Queen

text: and

text: have

text: expressed

text: admiration

text: for

text: them

text: are

text: diverse

text: spanning

text: different

text: generations

text: countries

text: and

text: genres

text: including

text: heavy

text: metal

text: Judas

text: Priest

text: Iron

text: Maiden

text: Metallica

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: Trivium

text: Megadeth

text: Anthrax

text: Slipknot

text: and

text: Rage

text: Against

text: the

text: Machine

text: hard

text: rock

text: Guns

text: N

text: Roses

text: Def

text: Leppard

text: Van

text: Halen

text: Mötley

text: Crüe

text: Steve

text: Vai

text: the

text: Cult

text: the

text: Darkness

text: Manic

text: Street

text: Preachers

text: Kid

text: Rockand

text: Foo

text: Fighters

text: alternative

text: rock

text: Nirvana

text: Radiohead

text: Trent

text: Reznor

text: Muse

text: Franz

text: Ferdinand

text: Red

text: Hot

text: Chili

text: Peppers

text: Jane

text: 's

text: Addiction

text: Faith

text: No

text: More

text: Melvins

text: the

text: Flaming

text: Lips

text: Yeah

text: Yeah

text: Yeahs

text: and

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: pop

text: rock

text: Meat

text: Loaf

text: The

text: Killers

text: My

text: Chemical

text: Romance

text: Fall

text: Out

text: Boy

text: and

text: Panic

text: At

text: the

text: Disco

text: and

text: pop

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: George

text: Michael

text: Robbie

text: Williams

text: Adele

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: and

text: Katy

text: Perry

question: Which King of Pop was influenced by Queen?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: Several groups from which type of metal were influenced by Queen?

answer: heavy metal

text: heavy metal

question: This band named after an animal was inspired by Queen?

answer: Def Leppard

text: Def Leppard

question: This band with a flower in their name was influenced by Queen?

answer: Guns N' Roses

text: Guns N' Roses


text: Von Neumann made fundamental contributions to mathematical statistics. In 1941, he derived the exact distribution of the ratio of the mean square of successive differences to the sample variance for independent and identically normally distributed variables. This ratio was applied to the residuals from regression models and is commonly known as the Durbin–Watson statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the errors are serially independent against the alternative that they follow a stationary first order autoregression.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: made

text: fundamental

text: contributions

text: to

text: mathematical

text: statistics

text: In

text: he

text: derived

text: the

text: exact

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: mean

text: square

text: of

text: successive

text: differences

text: to

text: the

text: sample

text: variance

text: for

text: independent

text: and

text: identically

text: normally

text: distributed

text: variables

text: This

text: ratio

text: was

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: residuals

text: from

text: regression

text: models

text: and

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Durbin

text: Watson

text: statistic

text: for

text: testing

text: the

text: hypothesis

text: that

text: the

text: errors

text: are

text: serially

text: independent

text: against

text: the

text: alternative

text: that

text: they

text: follow

text: a

text: stationary

text: first

text: order

text: autoregression

question: When did von NEumann establish mean square ratio?

answer: 1941

question: How has mean square ratio been applied?

answer: Durbin–Watson statistic

text: Durbin–Watson statistic

question: what does null hypothesis test against?

answer: alternative that they follow a stationary first order autoregression

text: alternative that they follow a stationary first order autoregression


text: Perhaps due to the many modern negative connotations associated with the term heretic, such as the Spanish inquisition, the term is used less often today. The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story "The Theologians" within the compilation Labyrinths.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: Perhaps

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: many

text: modern

text: negative

text: connotations

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: term

text: heretic

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Spanish

text: inquisition

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: less

text: often

text: today

text: The

text: subject

text: of

text: Christian

text: heresy

text: opens

text: up

text: broader

text: questions

text: as

text: to

text: who

text: has

text: a

text: monopoly

text: on

text: spiritual

text: truth

text: as

text: explored

text: by

text: Jorge

text: Luis

text: Borges

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: story

text: The

text: Theologians

text: within

text: the

text: compilation

text: Labyrinths

question: What event is stated as a reason why the word heretic is used less often in modern times?

answer: Spanish inquisition

text: Spanish inquisition

question: Who was the author of the short story "The Theologians"?

answer: Jorge Luis Borges

text: Jorge Luis Borges

question: What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard?

answer: Christian heresy

text: Christian heresy


text: Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the elevator has left the floor, depending on where the alarm was set off, the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor. However, if the alarm was activated on the fire-recall floor, the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to. When the elevator is recalled, it proceeds to the recall floor and stops with its doors open. The elevator will no longer respond to calls or move in any direction. Located on the fire-recall floor is a fire-service key switch. The fire-service key switch has the ability to turn fire service off, turn fire service on or to bypass fire service. The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Phase

text: one

text: mode

text: is

text: activated

text: by

text: a

text: corresponding

text: smoke

text: sensor

text: or

text: heat

text: sensor

text: in

text: the

text: building

text: Once

text: an

text: alarm

text: has

text: been

text: activated

text: the

text: elevator

text: will

text: automatically

text: go

text: into

text: phase

text: one

text: The

text: elevator

text: will

text: wait

text: an

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: then

text: proceed

text: to

text: go

text: into

text: nudging

text: mode

text: to

text: tell

text: everyone

text: the

text: elevator

text: is

text: leaving

text: the

text: floor

text: Once

text: the

text: elevator

text: has

text: left

text: the

text: floor

text: depending

text: on

text: where

text: the

text: alarm

text: was

text: set

text: off

text: the

text: elevator

text: will

text: go

text: to

text: the

text: fire

text: recall

text: floor

text: However

text: if

text: the

text: alarm

text: was

text: activated

text: on

text: the

text: fire

text: recall

text: floor

text: the

text: elevator

text: will

text: have

text: an

text: alternate

text: floor

text: to

text: recall

text: to

text: When

text: the

text: elevator

text: is

text: recalled

text: it

text: proceeds

text: to

text: the

text: recall

text: floor

text: and

text: stops

text: with

text: its

text: doors

text: open

text: The

text: elevator

text: will

text: no

text: longer

text: respond

text: to

text: calls

text: or

text: move

text: in

text: any

text: direction

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: fire

text: recall

text: floor

text: is

text: a

text: fire

text: service

text: key

text: switch

text: The

text: fire

text: service

text: key

text: switch

text: has

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: turn

text: fire

text: service

text: off

text: turn

text: fire

text: service

text: on

text: or

text: to

text: bypass

text: fire

text: service

text: The

text: only

text: way

text: to

text: return

text: the

text: elevator

text: to

text: normal

text: service

text: is

text: to

text: switch

text: it

text: to

text: bypass

text: after

text: the

text: alarms

text: have

text: reset

question: What initiates Phase one mode?

answer: a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building

text: a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building

question: What happens when an elevator goes into Phase one mode?

answer: The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor

text: The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor

question: Where does the elevator go from there?

answer: the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor

text: the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor

question: How is the elevator enabled for service after the incident?

answer: The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset

text: The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset

question: What happens if the mode is activated on the fire-recall floor?

answer: the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to

text: the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to


text: On November 2011, the sailing boat Puma's Mar Mostro participant in Volvo Ocean Race arrived to the island after her mast broke in the first leg from Alicante and Cape Town. This event made the island, its inhabitants and lifestyle known worldwide thanks to the media reports.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: sailing

text: boat

text: Puma

text: 's

text: Mar

text: Mostro

text: participant

text: in

text: Volvo

text: Ocean

text: Race

text: arrived

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: after

text: her

text: mast

text: broke

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: leg

text: from

text: Alicante

text: and

text: Cape

text: Town

text: This

text: event

text: made

text: the

text: island

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: lifestyle

text: known

text: worldwide

text: thanks

text: to

text: the

text: media

text: reports

question: When did a boat arrive at the island with damage during a race?

answer: November 2011

text: November 2011

question: What was the name of the boat that was damaged during the race?

answer: Puma's Mar Mostro

text: Puma's Mar Mostro

question: What was the name of the race the boat was damaged in?

answer: Volvo Ocean Race

text: Volvo Ocean Race

question: what was broken/damaged on the boat?

answer: mast

text: mast


text: Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: Very

text: small

text: lamps

text: may

text: have

text: the

text: filament

text: support

text: wires

text: extended

text: through

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: lamp

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: directly

text: soldered

text: to

text: a

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: for

text: connections

text: Some

text: reflector

text: type

text: lamps

text: include

text: screw

text: terminals

text: for

text: connection

text: of

text: wires

text: Most

text: lamps

text: have

text: metal

text: bases

text: that

text: fit

text: in

text: a

text: socket

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: lamp

text: and

text: conduct

text: current

text: to

text: the

text: filament

text: wires

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: manufacturers

text: introduced

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: incompatible

text: lamp

text: bases

text: General

text: Electric

text: introduced

text: standard

text: base

text: sizes

text: for

text: tungsten

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: under

text: the

text: Mazda

text: trademark

text: in

text: This

text: standard

text: was

text: soon

text: adopted

text: across

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: Mazda

text: name

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: manufacturers

text: under

text: license

text: through

text: Today

text: most

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: for

text: general

text: lighting

text: service

text: use

text: an

text: Edison

text: screw

text: in

text: candelabra

text: intermediate

text: or

text: standard

text: or

text: mogul

text: sizes

text: or

text: double

text: contact

text: bayonet

text: base

text: Technical

text: standards

text: for

text: lamp

text: bases

text: include

text: ANSI

text: standard

text: and

text: IEC

text: standard

text: for

text: common

text: commercial

text: lamp

text: sizes

text: to

text: ensure

text: interchangeablitity

text: between

text: different

text: manufacturer

text: 's

text: products

text: Bayonet

text: base

text: lamps

text: are

text: frequently

text: used

text: in

text: automotive

text: lamps

text: to

text: resist

text: loosening

text: due

text: to

text: vibration

text: A

text: bipin

text: base

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: halogen

text: or

text: reflector

text: lamps

question: Which company introduced standard base sizes for incandescent lamps?

answer: General Electric

text: General Electric

question: In what year were standard base sizes introduced for incandescent lamps?

answer: 1909

question: What are some common technical standards for lamp bases?

answer: ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1

text: ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1

question: What is the typical base type for automotive lamps?

answer: Bayonet base lamps

text: Bayonet base lamps

question: What is the typical base type for halogen lamps?

answer: bipin base

text: bipin base


text: At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture, the pointed arch, the ribbed vault, the ambulatory with radiating chapels, the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions and the flying buttresses which enabled the insertion of large clerestory windows.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: At

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: front

text: in

text: Abbot

text: Suger

text: moved

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: end

text: leaving

text: the

text: Carolingian

text: nave

text: in

text: use

text: He

text: designed

text: a

text: choir

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: suffused

text: with

text: light

text: To

text: achieve

text: his

text: aims

text: his

text: masons

text: drew

text: on

text: the

text: several

text: new

text: features

text: which

text: evolved

text: or

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: to

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: the

text: pointed

text: arch

text: the

text: ribbed

text: vault

text: the

text: ambulatory

text: with

text: radiating

text: chapels

text: the

text: clustered

text: columns

text: supporting

text: ribs

text: springing

text: in

text: different

text: directions

text: and

text: the

text: flying

text: buttresses

text: which

text: enabled

text: the

text: insertion

text: of

text: large

text: clerestory

text: windows

question: When was the west front of Saint Denis completed?

answer: in 1140

text: in 1140

question: What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front?

answer: the eastern end

text: the eastern end

question: What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?

answer: the Carolingian nave

text: the Carolingian nave

question: What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis?

answer: clustered columns

text: clustered columns

question: What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?

answer: the flying buttresses

text: the flying buttresses


text: The terms upper case and lower case can be written as two consecutive words, connected with a hyphen (upper-case and lower-case), or as a single word (uppercase and lowercase). These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.

title: Letter_case

title: Letter_case

text: The

text: terms

text: upper

text: case

text: and

text: lower

text: case

text: can

text: be

text: written

text: as

text: two

text: consecutive

text: words

text: connected

text: with

text: a

text: hyphen

text: upper

text: case

text: and

text: lower

text: case

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: word

text: uppercase

text: and

text: lowercase

text: These

text: terms

text: originated

text: from

text: the

text: common

text: layouts

text: of

text: the

text: shallow

text: drawers

text: called

text: type

text: cases

text: used

text: to

text: hold

text: the

text: movable

text: type

text: for

text: letterpress

text: printing

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: capital

text: letters

text: were

text: stored

text: in

text: a

text: separate

text: case

text: that

text: was

text: located

text: above

text: the

text: case

text: that

text: held

text: the

text: small

text: letters

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: proved

text: easy

text: to

text: remember

text: since

text: capital

text: letters

text: are

text: taller

question: The terms uppercase and lowercase originated from the common layout which type of drawers?

answer: shallow

text: shallow

question: Besides being a single word or two separate words, how can the words uppercase and lowercase be expressed?

answer: hyphen

text: hyphen

question: In relation to the shelf the small letters were located, where were the capital letters?

answer: located above

text: located above

question: Which characteristic of capital letters made it easy to remember.

answer: taller

text: taller


text: Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy. However, most people with this surname hail from within Sephardic communities, particularly from the Syrian Jewish community. The Sephardic carriers of the surname would have some Ashkenazi ancestors since the surname was adopted by families who were initially of Ashkenazic origins who moved to Sephardi countries and joined those communities. Ashkenazi would be formally adopted as the family surname having started off as a nickname imposed by their adopted communities. Some have shortened the name to Ash.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Several

text: famous

text: people

text: have

text: Ashkenazi

text: as

text: a

text: surname

text: such

text: as

text: Vladimir

text: Ashkenazy

text: However

text: most

text: people

text: with

text: this

text: surname

text: hail

text: from

text: within

text: Sephardic

text: communities

text: particularly

text: from

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Jewish

text: community

text: The

text: Sephardic

text: carriers

text: of

text: the

text: surname

text: would

text: have

text: some

text: Ashkenazi

text: ancestors

text: since

text: the

text: surname

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: families

text: who

text: were

text: initially

text: of

text: Ashkenazic

text: origins

text: who

text: moved

text: to

text: Sephardi

text: countries

text: and

text: joined

text: those

text: communities

text: Ashkenazi

text: would

text: be

text: formally

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: family

text: surname

text: having

text: started

text: off

text: as

text: a

text: nickname

text: imposed

text: by

text: their

text: adopted

text: communities

text: Some

text: have

text: shortened

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: Ash

question: Most people with the surname Ashkenazi, hail from which particular community?

answer: Syrian Jewish community

text: Syrian Jewish community

question: Some people with the surname shorten it to what?

answer: Ash

text: Ash

question: What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?

answer: Vladimir Ashkenazy

text: Vladimir Ashkenazy


text: The standard specifies how speed ratings should be reported by the camera. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed, the noise-based speed should be reported, rounded downwards to a standard value (e.g. 200, 250, 320, or 400). The rationale is that exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image. In addition, an exposure latitude can be specified, ranging from the saturation-based speed to the 10:1 noise-based speed. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is lower than the saturation-based speed, or undefined because of high noise, the saturation-based speed is specified, rounded upwards to a standard value, because using the noise-based speed would lead to overexposed images. The camera may also report the SOS-based speed (explicitly as being an SOS speed), rounded to the nearest standard speed rating.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: standard

text: specifies

text: how

text: speed

text: ratings

text: should

text: be

text: reported

text: by

text: the

text: camera

text: If

text: the

text: noise

text: based

text: speed

text: is

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: saturation

text: based

text: speed

text: the

text: noise

text: based

text: speed

text: should

text: be

text: reported

text: rounded

text: downwards

text: to

text: a

text: standard

text: value

text: e.g.

text: or

text: The

text: rationale

text: is

text: that

text: exposure

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: saturation

text: based

text: speed

text: would

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: visibly

text: better

text: image

text: In

text: addition

text: an

text: exposure

text: latitude

text: can

text: be

text: specified

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: saturation

text: based

text: speed

text: to

text: the

text: noise

text: based

text: speed

text: If

text: the

text: noise

text: based

text: speed

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: saturation

text: based

text: speed

text: or

text: undefined

text: because

text: of

text: high

text: noise

text: the

text: saturation

text: based

text: speed

text: is

text: specified

text: rounded

text: upwards

text: to

text: a

text: standard

text: value

text: because

text: using

text: the

text: noise

text: based

text: speed

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: overexposed

text: images

text: The

text: camera

text: may

text: also

text: report

text: the

text: SOS

text: based

text: speed

text: explicitly

text: as

text: being

text: an

text: SOS

text: speed

text: rounded

text: to

text: the

text: nearest

text: standard

text: speed

text: rating

question: What is the range for exposure latitude?

answer: from the saturation-based speed to the 10:1 noise-based speed

text: from the saturation-based speed to the 10:1 noise-based speed

question: What is another speed that can also be reported by the camera?

answer: SOS-based speed

text: SOS-based speed

question: When should the noise-based speed be used?

answer: the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed

text: the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed

question: Why should noise-based speed be rounded down to a lower standard?

answer: exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image

text: exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image

question: What does the standard specify?

answer: how speed ratings should be reported by the camera

text: how speed ratings should be reported by the camera


text: Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Besides

text: emptiness

text: Mahayana

text: schools

text: often

text: place

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: notions

text: of

text: perfected

text: spiritual

text: insight

text: prajñāpāramitā

text: and

text: Buddha

text: nature

text: tathāgatagarbha

text: There

text: are

text: conflicting

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: tathāgatagarbha

text: in

text: Mahāyāna

text: thought

text: The

text: idea

text: may

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: Abhidharma

text: and

text: ultimately

text: to

text: statements

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: in

text: the

text: Nikāyas

text: In

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Sakya

text: school

text: tathāgatagarbha

text: is

text: the

text: inseparability

text: of

text: the

text: clarity

text: and

text: emptiness

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: mind

text: In

text: Nyingma

text: tathāgatagarbha

text: also

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: inseparability

text: of

text: the

text: clarity

text: and

text: emptiness

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: mind

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Gelug

text: school

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: potential

text: for

text: sentient

text: beings

text: to

text: awaken

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: empty

text: i.e.

text: dependently

text: originated

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Jonang

text: school

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: innate

text: qualities

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: that

text: expresses

text: themselves

text: as

text: omniscience

text: etc

text: when

text: adventitious

text: obscurations

text: are

text: removed

text: The

text: Tathāgatagarbha

text: Sutras

text: are

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: Mahayana

text: sutras

text: that

text: present

text: a

text: unique

text: model

text: of

text: Buddha

text: nature

text: Even

text: though

text: this

text: collection

text: was

text: generally

text: ignored

text: in

text: India

text: East

text: Asian

text: Buddhism

text: provides

text: some

text: significance

text: to

text: these

text: texts

question: What does tathagatagarbha mean?

answer: Buddha-nature

text: Buddha-nature

question: what does prajnaparamita mean?

answer: perfected spiritual insight

text: perfected spiritual insight

question: According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind?

answer: Sakya

text: Sakya

question: According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience?

answer: Jonang

text: Jonang

question: What type of sutras were generally ignored in india?

answer: tathāgatagarbha

text: tathāgatagarbha


text: The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language. The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon neighbors produced a friction that led to the erosion of the complicated inflectional word-endings. Simeon Potter notes: “No less far-reaching was the influence of Scandinavian upon the inflexional endings of English in hastening that wearing away and leveling of grammatical forms which gradually spread from north to south. It was, after all, a salutary influence. The gain was greater than the loss. There was a gain in directness, in clarity, and in strength.”

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: Old

text: Norse

text: certainly

text: helped

text: move

text: English

text: from

text: a

text: synthetic

text: language

text: along

text: the

text: continuum

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: analytic

text: word

text: order

text: and

text: Old

text: Norse

text: most

text: likely

text: made

text: a

text: greater

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: language

text: The

text: eagerness

text: of

text: Vikings

text: in

text: the

text: Danelaw

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: their

text: southern

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: neighbors

text: produced

text: a

text: friction

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: complicated

text: inflectional

text: word

text: endings

text: Simeon

text: Potter

text: notes

text: No

text: less

text: far

text: reaching

text: was

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: upon

text: the

text: inflexional

text: endings

text: of

text: English

text: in

text: hastening

text: that

text: wearing

text: away

text: and

text: leveling

text: of

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: which

text: gradually

text: spread

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: It

text: was

text: after

text: all

text: a

text: salutary

text: influence

text: The

text: gain

text: was

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: loss

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: gain

text: in

text: directness

text: in

text: clarity

text: and

text: in

text: strength

question: What language had the greatest influence on English?

answer: Old Norse

text: Old Norse

question: What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?

answer: the Danelaw

text: the Danelaw

question: Who argued that the influence of Old Norse caused English to become a clearer, stronger and more direct language?

answer: Simeon Potter

text: Simeon Potter

question: What parts of English grammar declined as a result of Old Norse influence?

answer: word-endings

text: word-endings


text: The company continued to carefully review submitted titles, giving them scores using a 40-point scale and allocating Nintendo's marketing resources accordingly. Each region performed separate evaluations. Nintendo of America also maintained a policy that, among other things, limited the amount of violence in the games on its systems. One game, Mortal Kombat, would challenge this policy. A surprise hit in arcades in 1992, Mortal Kombat features splashes of blood and finishing moves that often depict one character dismembering the other. Because the Genesis version retained the gore while the SNES version did not, it outsold the SNES version by a ratio of three or four-to-one.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: company

text: continued

text: to

text: carefully

text: review

text: submitted

text: titles

text: giving

text: them

text: scores

text: using

text: a

text: scale

text: and

text: allocating

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: marketing

text: resources

text: accordingly

text: Each

text: region

text: performed

text: separate

text: evaluations

text: Nintendo

text: of

text: America

text: also

text: maintained

text: a

text: policy

text: that

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: limited

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: violence

text: in

text: the

text: games

text: on

text: its

text: systems

text: One

text: game

text: Mortal

text: Kombat

text: would

text: challenge

text: this

text: policy

text: A

text: surprise

text: hit

text: in

text: arcades

text: in

text: Mortal

text: Kombat

text: features

text: splashes

text: of

text: blood

text: and

text: finishing

text: moves

text: that

text: often

text: depict

text: one

text: character

text: dismembering

text: the

text: other

text: Because

text: the

text: Genesis

text: version

text: retained

text: the

text: gore

text: while

text: the

text: SNES

text: version

text: did

text: not

text: it

text: outsold

text: the

text: SNES

text: version

text: by

text: a

text: ratio

text: of

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: to

text: one

question: How did Nintendo rank submitted games?

answer: using a 40-point scale

text: using a 40-point scale

question: What game first challenged Nintendo's anti-violence policy?

answer: Mortal Kombat

text: Mortal Kombat

question: When was Mortal Kombat released in arcades?

answer: 1992

question: Which game console had a full-gore version of Mortal Kombat?

answer: Genesis

text: Genesis

question: How much did the Genesis version of Mortal Kombat out-sell the SNES version?

answer: three or four-to-one

text: three or four-to-one