text: Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t] The movement is more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism, lacking both structural unity and central human authority. Some Protestant churches do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership (notably, the Anglican Communion), while others are confined to a single country, or even are solitary church bodies or congregations (such as the former Prussian Union of churches). Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Collectively

text: encompassing

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: adherents

text: or

text: nearly

text: forty

text: percent

text: of

text: Christians

text: worldwide

text: Protestantism

text: is

text: present

text: on

text: all

text: populated

text: continents.[t

text: The

text: movement

text: is

text: more

text: divided

text: theologically

text: and

text: ecclesiastically

text: than

text: either

text: Eastern

text: Orthodoxy

text: or

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: lacking

text: both

text: structural

text: unity

text: and

text: central

text: human

text: authority

text: Some

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: do

text: have

text: a

text: worldwide

text: scope

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: membership

text: notably

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: confined

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: country

text: or

text: even

text: are

text: solitary

text: church

text: bodies

text: or

text: congregations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: Prussian

text: Union

text: of

text: churches

text: Nondenominational

text: evangelical

text: independent

text: and

text: other

text: churches

text: are

text: on

text: the

text: rise

text: and

text: constitute

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: Protestant

text: Christianity

question: What percentage of Christians are Protestant?

answer: nearly forty percent

text: nearly forty percent

question: Which continents have some form of Protestantism?

answer: all populated continents

text: all populated continents

question: What types of Protestantism are increasing?

answer: Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches

text: Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches

question: What Protestant church has members around the world?

answer: the Anglican Communion

text: the Anglican Communion

question: How many people are considered Protestant?

answer: more than 900 million

text: more than 900 million


text: Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007, upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto. The next Head of State, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi, was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term, and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Fiame

text: Mata'afa

text: Faumuina

text: Mulinu’u

text: II

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: highest

text: ranking

text: paramount

text: chiefs

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: became

text: Samoa

text: 's

text: first

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Two

text: other

text: paramount

text: chiefs

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: independence

text: were

text: appointed

text: joint

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: for

text: life

text: Tupua

text: Tamasese

text: Mea'ole

text: died

text: in

text: leaving

text: Malietoa

text: Tanumafili

text: II

text: sole

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: on

text: May

text: upon

text: which

text: Samoa

text: changed

text: from

text: a

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: to

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: de

text: facto

text: The

text: next

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: Tuiatua

text: Tupua

text: Tamasese

text: Efi

text: was

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: legislature

text: on

text: June

text: for

text: a

text: fixed

text: five

text: year

text: term

text: and

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: unopposed

text: in

text: July

question: What office was held by Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II?

answer: Prime Minister

text: Prime Minister

question: What was the term of office for Samoa's first joint heads of state?

answer: life

text: life

question: What year did the first of the two heads of state die?

answer: 1963

question: Who was the head of state in Samoa in 2006?

answer: Malietoa Tanumafili II

text: Malietoa Tanumafili II

question: Before becoming a de facto parliamentary republic, what form of government did Samoa have?

answer: constitutional monarchy

text: constitutional monarchy


text: Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Adventurer

text: and

text: poet

text: Luís

text: de

text: Camões

text: c.

text: wrote

text: the

text: epic

text: poem

text: Os

text: Lusíadas

text: The

text: Lusiads

text: with

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: Aeneid

text: as

text: his

text: main

text: influence

text: Modern

text: Portuguese

text: poetry

text: is

text: rooted

text: in

text: neoclassic

text: and

text: contemporary

text: styles

text: as

text: exemplified

text: by

text: Fernando

text: Pessoa

text: Modern

text: Portuguese

text: literature

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: authors

text: such

text: as

text: Almeida

text: Garrett

text: Camilo

text: Castelo

text: Branco

text: Eça

text: de

text: Queiroz

text: Fernando

text: Pessoa

text: Sophia

text: de

text: Mello

text: Breyner

text: Andresen

text: António

text: Lobo

text: Antunes

text: and

text: Miguel

text: Torga

text: Particularly

text: popular

text: and

text: distinguished

text: is

text: José

text: Saramago

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Literature

question: Who was Luís de Camões?

answer: Adventurer and poet

text: Adventurer and poet

question: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?

answer: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)

text: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)

question: What was Luís de Camões main influence?

answer: Virgil's Aeneid

text: Virgil's Aeneid

question: What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in?

answer: neoclassic and contemporary styles

text: neoclassic and contemporary styles

question: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?

answer: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga

text: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga


text: When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party. "As Minority Leader during [President Lyndon Johnson's] Democratic administration, my responsibility has been to propose Republican alternatives," said Minority Leader Gerald Ford, R-MI. Greatly outnumbered in the House, Minority Leader Ford devised a political strategy that allowed Republicans to offer their alternatives in a manner that provided them political protection. As Ford explained:

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: When

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: House

text: majority

text: party

text: then

text: the

text: House

text: minority

text: leader

text: assumes

text: a

text: larger

text: role

text: in

text: formulating

text: alternatives

text: to

text: executive

text: branch

text: initiatives

text: and

text: in

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: national

text: spokesperson

text: for

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: party

text: As

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: during

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: administration

text: my

text: responsibility

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: propose

text: Republican

text: alternatives

text: said

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Gerald

text: Ford

text: R

text: MI

text: Greatly

text: outnumbered

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Ford

text: devised

text: a

text: political

text: strategy

text: that

text: allowed

text: Republicans

text: to

text: offer

text: their

text: alternatives

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: that

text: provided

text: them

text: political

text: protection

text: As

text: Ford

text: explained

question: What is the difference in role for Minority leader when majority party holds white house?

answer: assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party

text: assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party

question: What was Gerald Ford's role as minority leader under Johnson administration?

answer: propose Republican alternatives

text: propose Republican alternatives

question: What did Ford's alternatives provide for republican's?

answer: political protection

text: political protection


text: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita. The Ann Arbor District Library maintains four branch outlets in addition to its main downtown building. The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: The

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Hands

text: On

text: Museum

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: a

text: renovated

text: and

text: expanded

text: historic

text: downtown

text: fire

text: station

text: Multiple

text: art

text: galleries

text: exist

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: campus

text: Aside

text: from

text: a

text: large

text: restaurant

text: scene

text: in

text: the

text: Main

text: Street

text: South

text: State

text: Street

text: and

text: South

text: University

text: Avenue

text: areas

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: ranks

text: first

text: among

text: U.S.

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: booksellers

text: and

text: books

text: sold

text: per

text: capita

text: The

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: District

text: Library

text: maintains

text: four

text: branch

text: outlets

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: its

text: main

text: downtown

text: building

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Gerald

text: R.

text: Ford

text: Presidential

text: Library

question: Which museum is located at Ann Arbors historic downtown fire station?

answer: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum

text: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum

question: Ann Arbor ranks 1st among what goods sold?

answer: books

text: books

question: Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor?

answer: Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library

text: Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library


text: Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology. As such, it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism would be in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spiritualism.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Materialism

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: monist

text: ontology

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: ontological

text: theories

text: based

text: on

text: dualism

text: or

text: pluralism

text: For

text: singular

text: explanations

text: of

text: the

text: phenomenal

text: reality

text: materialism

text: would

text: be

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: idealism

text: neutral

text: monism

text: and

text: spiritualism

question: What class does materialism belong to?

answer: monist ontology

text: monist ontology


text: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture. The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was established in this period.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: The

text: ethnogenesis

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: nation

text: is

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Pan

text: Hellenism

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: According

text: to

text: some

text: scholars

text: the

text: foundational

text: event

text: was

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: in

text: BC

text: when

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: Hellenism

text: among

text: the

text: Greek

text: tribes

text: was

text: first

text: translated

text: into

text: a

text: shared

text: cultural

text: experience

text: and

text: Hellenism

text: was

text: primarily

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: common

text: culture

text: The

text: works

text: of

text: Homer

text: i.e.

text: Iliad

text: and

text: Odyssey

text: and

text: Hesiod

text: i.e.

text: Theogony

text: were

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: becoming

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: religion

text: ethos

text: history

text: and

text: mythology

text: The

text: Oracle

text: of

text: Apollo

text: at

text: Delphi

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: this

text: period

question: What event is believed to be the ethnic basis of the Greeks society?

answer: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism

text: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism

question: When did this event occur ?

answer: development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC.

text: development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC.

question: What national sporting event was held during this time period still goes on in celebration today ?

answer: the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC,

text: the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC,

question: What was the foundation for spirituality and church ?

answer: The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)

text: The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)

question: What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ?

answer: Oracle of Apollo at Delphi

text: Oracle of Apollo at Delphi


text: Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to "check only one." While some surveys offer an "other" box, this choice groups together individuals of many different multiracial types (ex: European Americans/African-Americans are grouped with Asian/Native American Indians).

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Some

text: multiracial

text: individuals

text: feel

text: marginalized

text: by

text: U.S.

text: society

text: For

text: example

text: when

text: applying

text: to

text: schools

text: or

text: for

text: a

text: job

text: or

text: when

text: taking

text: standardized

text: tests

text: Americans

text: are

text: sometimes

text: asked

text: to

text: check

text: boxes

text: corresponding

text: to

text: race

text: or

text: ethnicity

text: Typically

text: about

text: five

text: race

text: choices

text: are

text: given

text: with

text: the

text: instruction

text: to

text: check

text: only

text: one

text: While

text: some

text: surveys

text: offer

text: an

text: other

text: box

text: this

text: choice

text: groups

text: together

text: individuals

text: of

text: many

text: different

text: multiracial

text: types

text: ex

text: European

text: Americans

text: African

text: Americans

text: are

text: grouped

text: with

text: Asian

text: Native

text: American

text: Indians

question: How do some mixed raced people feel?

answer: marginalized by U.S. society

text: marginalized by U.S. society

question: How many racial choices are there on standardized tests?

answer: Typically, about five race choices

text: Typically, about five race choices

question: How many race choices may someone check?

answer: only one

text: only one

question: What does the "other" box do?

answer: groups together individuals of many different multiracial types

text: groups together individuals of many different multiracial types

question: When do mixed race individuals feel marginalized?

answer: when applying to schools or for a job

text: when applying to schools or for a job


text: On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pride, as Intendant General Wolff told him and his staff that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible. Therefore, the armies of France would take up a defensive position that would protect against every possible attack point, but also left the armies unable to support each other.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: On

text: the

text: French

text: side

text: planning

text: after

text: the

text: disaster

text: at

text: Wissembourg

text: had

text: become

text: essential

text: General

text: Le

text: Bœuf

text: flushed

text: with

text: anger

text: was

text: intent

text: upon

text: going

text: on

text: the

text: offensive

text: over

text: the

text: Saar

text: and

text: countering

text: their

text: loss

text: However

text: planning

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: encounter

text: was

text: more

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: unfolding

text: events

text: rather

text: than

text: emotion

text: or

text: pride

text: as

text: Intendant

text: General

text: Wolff

text: told

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: staff

text: that

text: supply

text: beyond

text: the

text: Saar

text: would

text: be

text: impossible

text: Therefore

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: France

text: would

text: take

text: up

text: a

text: defensive

text: position

text: that

text: would

text: protect

text: against

text: every

text: possible

text: attack

text: point

text: but

text: also

text: left

text: the

text: armies

text: unable

text: to

text: support

text: each

text: other

question: Which disaster made French planning supremely essential?

answer: the disaster at Wissembourg

text: the disaster at Wissembourg

question: Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?

answer: General Le Bœuf

text: General Le Bœuf

question: Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what?

answer: the reality of unfolding events

text: the reality of unfolding events

question: Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible?

answer: General Wolff

text: General Wolff

question: What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point?

answer: a defensive position

text: a defensive position


text: People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: People

text: are

text: usually

text: well

text: informed

text: about

text: their

text: health

text: status

text: the

text: positive

text: and

text: negative

text: effects

text: of

text: their

text: behaviour

text: on

text: their

text: health

text: and

text: their

text: use

text: of

text: health

text: care

text: services

text: Yet

text: their

text: perceptions

text: of

text: their

text: health

text: can

text: differ

text: from

text: what

text: administrative

text: and

text: examination

text: based

text: data

text: show

text: about

text: levels

text: of

text: illness

text: within

text: populations

text: Thus

text: survey

text: results

text: based

text: on

text: self

text: reporting

text: at

text: the

text: household

text: level

text: complement

text: other

text: data

text: on

text: health

text: status

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: services

text: Only

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: adults

text: rated

text: their

text: health

text: as

text: good

text: or

text: very

text: good

text: in

text: Portugal

text: Kasmel

text: et

text: al

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: lowest

text: of

text: the

text: Eur

text: A

text: countries

text: reporting

text: and

text: reflects

text: the

text: relatively

text: adverse

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: mortality

text: and

text: selected

text: morbidity

question: What survey results complement on data on health status?

answer: self-reporting at the household level

text: self-reporting at the household level

question: What number of Portuguese adults rated their health as good or very good?

answer: one third

text: one third


text: To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two states that has neither. The Department of Revenue Tax Division reports regularly on the state's revenue sources. The Department also issues an annual summary of its operations, including new state laws that directly affect the tax division.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: To

text: finance

text: state

text: government

text: operations

text: Alaska

text: depends

text: primarily

text: on

text: petroleum

text: revenues

text: and

text: federal

text: subsidies

text: This

text: allows

text: it

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: lowest

text: individual

text: tax

text: burden

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: states

text: with

text: no

text: state

text: sales

text: tax

text: one

text: of

text: seven

text: states

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: levy

text: an

text: individual

text: income

text: tax

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: states

text: that

text: has

text: neither

text: The

text: Department

text: of

text: Revenue

text: Tax

text: Division

text: reports

text: regularly

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: revenue

text: sources

text: The

text: Department

text: also

text: issues

text: an

text: annual

text: summary

text: of

text: its

text: operations

text: including

text: new

text: state

text: laws

text: that

text: directly

text: affect

text: the

text: tax

text: division

question: How does Alaska finance its state government operations?

answer: petroleum revenues and federal subsidies

text: petroleum revenues and federal subsidies

question: How many states in the US do not have sales tax?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many US states do not collect an individual income tax?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Which state has the lowest tax burden of the entire US?

answer: Alaska

text: Alaska


text: Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Writing

text: to

text: a

text: friend

text: in

text: May

text: Burke

text: surveyed

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: discontent

text: I

text: think

text: I

text: can

text: hardly

text: overrate

text: the

text: malignity

text: of

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: Protestant

text: ascendency

text: as

text: they

text: affect

text: Ireland

text: or

text: of

text: Indianism

text: i.e.

text: corporate

text: tyranny

text: as

text: practiced

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: Indies

text: Company

text: as

text: they

text: affect

text: these

text: countries

text: and

text: as

text: they

text: affect

text: Asia

text: or

text: of

text: Jacobinism

text: as

text: they

text: affect

text: all

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: human

text: society

text: itself

text: The

text: last

text: is

text: the

text: greatest

text: evil

text: By

text: March

text: however

text: Burke

text: had

text: changed

text: his

text: mind

text: Our

text: Government

text: and

text: our

text: Laws

text: are

text: beset

text: by

text: two

text: different

text: Enemies

text: which

text: are

text: sapping

text: its

text: foundations

text: Indianism

text: and

text: Jacobinism

text: In

text: some

text: Cases

text: they

text: act

text: separately

text: in

text: some

text: they

text: act

text: in

text: conjunction

text: But

text: of

text: this

text: I

text: am

text: sure

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: is

text: the

text: worst

text: by

text: far

text: and

text: the

text: hardest

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: and

text: for

text: this

text: amongst

text: other

text: reasons

text: that

text: it

text: weakens

text: discredits

text: and

text: ruins

text: that

text: force

text: which

text: ought

text: to

text: be

text: employed

text: with

text: the

text: greatest

text: Credit

text: and

text: Energy

text: against

text: the

text: other

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: furnishes

text: Jacobinism

text: with

text: its

text: strongest

text: arms

text: against

text: all

text: formal

text: Government

question: Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant?

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant

question: What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India?

answer: Indianism

text: Indianism

question: Which continent did Jacobinism affect?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?

answer: March 1796

text: March 1796

question: What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795?

answer: Jacobinism

text: Jacobinism


text: The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament. The halogen lamp can operate its filament at a higher temperature than a standard gas filled lamp of similar power without loss of operating life. Such bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs, and are widely used where intense illumination is needed in a limited space. Fiber-optic lamps for optical microscopy is one typical application.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: The

text: halogen

text: lamp

text: reduces

text: uneven

text: evaporation

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: and

text: eliminates

text: darkening

text: of

text: the

text: envelope

text: by

text: filling

text: the

text: lamp

text: with

text: a

text: halogen

text: gas

text: at

text: low

text: pressure

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: inert

text: gas

text: The

text: halogen

text: cycle

text: increases

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: the

text: bulb

text: and

text: prevents

text: its

text: darkening

text: by

text: redepositing

text: tungsten

text: from

text: the

text: inside

text: of

text: the

text: bulb

text: back

text: onto

text: the

text: filament

text: The

text: halogen

text: lamp

text: can

text: operate

text: its

text: filament

text: at

text: a

text: higher

text: temperature

text: than

text: a

text: standard

text: gas

text: filled

text: lamp

text: of

text: similar

text: power

text: without

text: loss

text: of

text: operating

text: life

text: Such

text: bulbs

text: are

text: much

text: smaller

text: than

text: normal

text: incandescent

text: bulbs

text: and

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: where

text: intense

text: illumination

text: is

text: needed

text: in

text: a

text: limited

text: space

text: Fiber

text: optic

text: lamps

text: for

text: optical

text: microscopy

text: is

text: one

text: typical

text: application

question: Does the halogen bulp increase, reduce, or have no effect on filament evaporation?

answer: reduces

text: reduces

question: How does the halogen bulb decrease darkening over time?

answer: by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament

text: by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament

question: Does a halogen bulb operate at a higher or lower temperature than an incandescent?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: How does the size of a halogen bulb compare to an incandescent?

answer: bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs

text: bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs

question: What is the most common situation when a halogen bulb is used?

answer: where intense illumination is needed in a limited space

text: where intense illumination is needed in a limited space


text: On Saturday, July 23, 1989, much of America learned of the AFL for an unintended reason, when the Pittsburgh Gladiators' head coach, Joe Haering, made football history by punching commissioner Jim Foster during a game with the Chicago Bruisers. The national media ran with the story, including a photo in USA Today. The game was played between the two teams in Sacramento's Arco Arena, as part of the AFL's 'Barnstorming America' tour. Foster had walked onto the field of play to mediate an altercation between the two teams when Haering, a former NFL assistant, punched him in the jaw. Haering was suspended without pay.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: Saturday

text: July

text: much

text: of

text: America

text: learned

text: of

text: the

text: AFL

text: for

text: an

text: unintended

text: reason

text: when

text: the

text: Pittsburgh

text: Gladiators

text: head

text: coach

text: Joe

text: Haering

text: made

text: football

text: history

text: by

text: punching

text: commissioner

text: Jim

text: Foster

text: during

text: a

text: game

text: with

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Bruisers

text: The

text: national

text: media

text: ran

text: with

text: the

text: story

text: including

text: a

text: photo

text: in

text: USA

text: Today

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: played

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: teams

text: in

text: Sacramento

text: 's

text: Arco

text: Arena

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: AFL

text: 's

text: Barnstorming

text: America

text: tour

text: Foster

text: had

text: walked

text: onto

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: play

text: to

text: mediate

text: an

text: altercation

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: teams

text: when

text: Haering

text: a

text: former

text: NFL

text: assistant

text: punched

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: jaw

text: Haering

text: was

text: suspended

text: without

text: pay

question: Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989?

answer: Joe Haering

text: Joe Haering

question: What day of the week was July 23, 1989?

answer: Saturday

text: Saturday

question: Who was the commissioner of the AFL in 1989?

answer: Jim Foster

text: Jim Foster

question: What paper featured a photograph of the head coach of the Gladiators punching the commissioner of the AFL?

answer: USA Today

text: USA Today

question: In what arena were the Gladiators playing the Bruisers on July 23, 1989?

answer: Arco Arena

text: Arco Arena


text: Yale has a complicated relationship with its home city; for example, thousands of students volunteer every year in a myriad of community organizations, but city officials, who decry Yale's exemption from local property taxes, have long pressed the university to do more to help. Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city. Evidence suggests that the town and gown relationships are mutually beneficial. Still, the economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success amid a decline in the local economy.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: has

text: a

text: complicated

text: relationship

text: with

text: its

text: home

text: city

text: for

text: example

text: thousands

text: of

text: students

text: volunteer

text: every

text: year

text: in

text: a

text: myriad

text: of

text: community

text: organizations

text: but

text: city

text: officials

text: who

text: decry

text: Yale

text: 's

text: exemption

text: from

text: local

text: property

text: taxes

text: have

text: long

text: pressed

text: the

text: university

text: to

text: do

text: more

text: to

text: help

text: Under

text: President

text: Levin

text: Yale

text: has

text: financially

text: supported

text: many

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: reinvigorate

text: the

text: city

text: Evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: town

text: and

text: gown

text: relationships

text: are

text: mutually

text: beneficial

text: Still

text: the

text: economic

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: increased

text: dramatically

text: with

text: its

text: financial

text: success

text: amid

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: local

text: economy

question: Why do New Haven city officials dislike Yale?

answer: exemption from local property taxes

text: exemption from local property taxes

question: Which Yale president assisted with New Haven's revitalization efforts?

answer: President Levin

text: President Levin

question: What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relationship on Yale?

answer: economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success

text: economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success

question: What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relation on New Haven?

answer: decline in the local economy

text: decline in the local economy


text: It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: It

text: was

text: granted

text: its

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: in

text: under

text: King

text: William

text: IV

text: Supplemental

text: Charters

text: of

text: and

text: were

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: Charter

text: in

text: and

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: minor

text: amendments

text: since

text: then

question: When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?

answer: 1837

question: Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?

answer: King William IV

text: King William IV

question: In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?

answer: 1887, 1909 and 1925

text: 1887, 1909 and 1925

question: When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?

answer: 1971

question: What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?

answer: minor amendments

text: minor amendments


text: Drying involves using air and/or heat to remove water from the paper sheets; in the earliest days of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry; in more modern times various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used. On the paper machine the most common is the steam heated can dryer. These can reach temperatures above 200 °F (93 °C) and are used in long sequences of more than 40 cans; where the heat produced by these can easily dry the paper to less than 6% moisture.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Drying

text: involves

text: using

text: air

text: and/or

text: heat

text: to

text: remove

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: paper

text: sheets

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: days

text: of

text: paper

text: making

text: this

text: was

text: done

text: by

text: hanging

text: the

text: sheets

text: like

text: laundry

text: in

text: more

text: modern

text: times

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: heated

text: drying

text: mechanisms

text: are

text: used

text: On

text: the

text: paper

text: machine

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: is

text: the

text: steam

text: heated

text: can

text: dryer

text: These

text: can

text: reach

text: temperatures

text: above

text: F

text: C

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: long

text: sequences

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: cans

text: where

text: the

text: heat

text: produced

text: by

text: these

text: can

text: easily

text: dry

text: the

text: paper

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: moisture

question: What is the main component of drying the paper?

answer: air

text: air

question: At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end?

answer: 6


text: There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: There

text: was

text: already

text: regulation

text: on

text: public

text: drinking

text: spaces

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: the

text: income

text: earned

text: from

text: licences

text: was

text: beneficial

text: to

text: the

text: crown

text: Tavern

text: owners

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: possess

text: a

text: licence

text: to

text: sell

text: ale

text: and

text: a

text: separate

text: licence

text: for

text: distilled

text: spirits

question: In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?

answer: ale

text: ale

question: In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?

answer: 17th

question: What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?

answer: the crown

text: the crown


text: The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and the elevation angle, which together gave the height of the aircraft. These were complex instruments and various other methods were also used. The HRF was soon joined by the Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI), this was marked with elevation angles and height lines overlaid with fuse length curves, using the height reported by the HRF operator, the necessary fuse length could be read off.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: British

text: dealt

text: with

text: range

text: measurement

text: first

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: realised

text: that

text: range

text: was

text: the

text: key

text: to

text: producing

text: a

text: better

text: fuse

text: setting

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Height

text: Range

text: Finder

text: HRF

text: the

text: first

text: model

text: being

text: the

text: Barr

text: Stroud

text: a

text: optical

text: coincident

text: rangefinder

text: mounted

text: on

text: a

text: tripod

text: It

text: measured

text: the

text: distance

text: to

text: the

text: target

text: and

text: the

text: elevation

text: angle

text: which

text: together

text: gave

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: These

text: were

text: complex

text: instruments

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: methods

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: The

text: HRF

text: was

text: soon

text: joined

text: by

text: the

text: Height

text: Fuse

text: Indicator

text: HFI

text: this

text: was

text: marked

text: with

text: elevation

text: angles

text: and

text: height

text: lines

text: overlaid

text: with

text: fuse

text: length

text: curves

text: using

text: the

text: height

text: reported

text: by

text: the

text: HRF

text: operator

text: the

text: necessary

text: fuse

text: length

text: could

text: be

text: read

text: off

question: What helped with better fuse setting?

answer: range measurement

text: range measurement

question: What was the first model of HRF (Height Range Finder) used by the British?

answer: Barr & Stroud UB2

text: Barr & Stroud UB2

question: The HRF measured target distance and what else?

answer: elevation angle

text: elevation angle

question: What was the HRF used with to set fuses?

answer: Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI)

text: Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI)

question: The fuse length could be set using height reported by whom?

answer: HRF operator

text: HRF operator


text: As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His name is borne by the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the most famous image of the school. This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber, where most of the 18th century "leaving portraits" are kept.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: As

text: the

text: school

text: suffered

text: reduced

text: income

text: while

text: still

text: under

text: construction

text: the

text: completion

text: and

text: further

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: has

text: since

text: depended

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: on

text: wealthy

text: benefactors

text: Building

text: resumed

text: when

text: Roger

text: Lupton

text: was

text: Provost

text: around

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: borne

text: by

text: the

text: big

text: gate

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: cloisters

text: fronting

text: School

text: Yard

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: image

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: This

text: range

text: includes

text: the

text: important

text: interiors

text: of

text: the

text: Parlour

text: Election

text: Hall

text: and

text: Election

text: Chamber

text: where

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: leaving

text: portraits

text: are

text: kept

question: Around what year did construction continue after a period of financial struggle?

answer: 1517

question: Whose name is on the gate-house fronting School Yard?

answer: Roger Lupton

text: Roger Lupton

question: Where are 18th century "leaving portraits" kept at Eton?

answer: Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber

text: Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber

question: What is the most famous image of Eton College?

answer: the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard

text: the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard


text: This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: This

text: can

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: dialects

text: defined

text: according

text: to

text: this

text: paradigm

text: with

text: a

text: somewhat

text: distant

text: genetic

text: relationship

text: are

text: mutually

text: more

text: readily

text: comprehensible

text: than

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: dialects

text: In

text: one

text: opinion

text: this

text: pattern

text: is

text: clearly

text: present

text: among

text: the

text: modern

text: Romance

text: languages

text: with

text: Italian

text: and

text: Spanish

text: having

text: a

text: high

text: degree

text: of

text: mutual

text: comprehensibility

text: which

text: neither

text: language

text: shares

text: with

text: French

text: despite

text: some

text: claiming

text: that

text: both

text: languages

text: are

text: genetically

text: closer

text: to

text: French

text: than

text: to

text: each

text: other:[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: fact

text: French

text: Italian

text: and

text: French

text: Spanish

text: relative

text: mutual

text: incomprehensibility

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: French

text: having

text: undergone

text: more

text: rapid

text: and

text: more

text: pervasive

text: phonological

text: change

text: than

text: have

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Italian

text: not

text: to

text: real

text: or

text: imagined

text: distance

text: in

text: genetic

text: relationship

text: In

text: fact

text: Italian

text: and

text: French

text: share

text: many

text: more

text: root

text: words

text: in

text: common

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: even

text: appear

text: in

text: Spanish

question: Italian is significantly mutually comprehensible with what other Romance language?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: With what romance language does Spanish not have a high degree of mutual comprehensibility?

answer: French

text: French

question: What is the reason for French and Italian not being very mutually comprehensible?

answer: French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change

text: French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change


text: As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: As

text: evident

text: in

text: his

text: imperial

text: edicts

text: the

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: was

text: well

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: link

text: between

text: Tibet

text: and

text: China

text: and

text: wanted

text: to

text: foster

text: it

text: Rolpe

text: Dorje

text: Karmapa

text: Lama

text: rejected

text: the

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: invitation

text: although

text: he

text: did

text: send

text: some

text: disciples

text: as

text: envoys

text: to

text: the

text: court

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: The

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: also

text: entrusted

text: his

text: guru

text: Zongluo

text: one

text: of

text: many

text: Buddhist

text: monks

text: at

text: court

text: to

text: head

text: a

text: religious

text: mission

text: into

text: Tibet

text: in

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: obtain

text: Buddhist

text: texts

question: Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?

answer: Rolpe Dorje

text: Rolpe Dorje

question: Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?

answer: Rolpe Dorje

text: Rolpe Dorje

question: What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?

answer: the Buddhist link between Tibet and China

text: the Buddhist link between Tibet and China

question: Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?

answer: disciples

text: disciples


text: The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade "so far"—between 2010 and 2014—on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums. During the same week, the song "Runaway" (featuring Pusha T) was ranked in the third position in the publication's list of the 200 "best tracks" released since 2010.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: The

text: Pitchfork

text: online

text: music

text: publication

text: ranked

text: My

text: Beautiful

text: Dark

text: Twisted

text: Fantasy

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: so

text: far

text: between

text: and

text: August

text: while

text: Yeezus

text: was

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: eighth

text: position

text: of

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: albums

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: week

text: the

text: song

text: Runaway

text: featuring

text: Pusha

text: T

text: was

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: publication

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: tracks

text: released

text: since

question: Which one of Kanye's albums won The Pitchfork's Album of the Decade (so far) award?

answer: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

text: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

question: What place did Yeezus secure on the list of 100 albums?

answer: eighth

text: eighth

question: What online music publication ranked Kanye's album "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" as the world's best album so far?

answer: The Pitchfork

text: The Pitchfork

question: What album was ranked 8 on a list of 100 albums?

answer: Yeezus

text: Yeezus

question: What song was ranked third in a list of 200 "best tracks" since 2010?

answer: "Runaway"

text: "Runaway"


text: In 2001, Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor. In the same year, Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city's libraries, and chose his favorite book, To Kill a Mockingbird, as the first title of the One City, One Book program. Lee declared that "there is no greater honor the novel could receive". By 2004, the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program, more than any other novel. David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts, who supervised The Big Read, states "people just seem to connect with it. It dredges up things in their own lives, their interactions across racial lines, legal encounters, and childhood. It's just this skeleton key to so many different parts of people's lives, and they cherish it."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: In

text: Lee

text: was

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Alabama

text: Academy

text: of

text: Honor

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Chicago

text: mayor

text: Richard

text: M.

text: Daley

text: initiated

text: a

text: reading

text: program

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: libraries

text: and

text: chose

text: his

text: favorite

text: book

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: One

text: City

text: One

text: Book

text: program

text: Lee

text: declared

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: greater

text: honor

text: the

text: novel

text: could

text: receive

text: By

text: the

text: novel

text: had

text: been

text: chosen

text: by

text: communities

text: for

text: variations

text: of

text: the

text: citywide

text: reading

text: program

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: novel

text: David

text: Kipen

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Endowment

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: who

text: supervised

text: The

text: Big

text: Read

text: states

text: people

text: just

text: seem

text: to

text: connect

text: with

text: it

text: It

text: dredges

text: up

text: things

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: lives

text: their

text: interactions

text: across

text: racial

text: lines

text: legal

text: encounters

text: and

text: childhood

text: It

text: 's

text: just

text: this

text: skeleton

text: key

text: to

text: so

text: many

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: people

text: 's

text: lives

text: and

text: they

text: cherish

text: it

question: Which year was Lee awarded an induction into the Alabama Academy of Honor?

answer: 2001

question: In 2004, the novel as been picked by how many communities for citywide reading programs more than any other book?

answer: 25

question: In 2001, what city's mayor picked To Kill a Mockingbird as their favorite book?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago

question: Which city's mayor initiated a reading program with the book?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago

question: By 2004, how many communities were using the book as part of their reading programs?

answer: 25


text: Increasing knowledge of plant anatomy, morphology and life cycles led to the realisation that there were more natural affinities between plants than the artificial sexual system of Linnaeus had indicated. Adanson (1763), de Jussieu (1789), and Candolle (1819) all proposed various alternative natural systems of classification that grouped plants using a wider range of shared characters and were widely followed. The Candollean system reflected his ideas of the progression of morphological complexity and the later classification by Bentham and Hooker, which was influential until the mid-19th century, was influenced by Candolle's approach. Darwin's publication of the Origin of Species in 1859 and his concept of common descent required modifications to the Candollean system to reflect evolutionary relationships as distinct from mere morphological similarity.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Increasing

text: knowledge

text: of

text: plant

text: anatomy

text: morphology

text: and

text: life

text: cycles

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: realisation

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: more

text: natural

text: affinities

text: between

text: plants

text: than

text: the

text: artificial

text: sexual

text: system

text: of

text: Linnaeus

text: had

text: indicated

text: Adanson

text: de

text: Jussieu

text: and

text: Candolle

text: all

text: proposed

text: various

text: alternative

text: natural

text: systems

text: of

text: classification

text: that

text: grouped

text: plants

text: using

text: a

text: wider

text: range

text: of

text: shared

text: characters

text: and

text: were

text: widely

text: followed

text: The

text: Candollean

text: system

text: reflected

text: his

text: ideas

text: of

text: the

text: progression

text: of

text: morphological

text: complexity

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: classification

text: by

text: Bentham

text: and

text: Hooker

text: which

text: was

text: influential

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: Candolle

text: 's

text: approach

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: publication

text: of

text: the

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: in

text: and

text: his

text: concept

text: of

text: common

text: descent

text: required

text: modifications

text: to

text: the

text: Candollean

text: system

text: to

text: reflect

text: evolutionary

text: relationships

text: as

text: distinct

text: from

text: mere

text: morphological

text: similarity

question: What led scientists to believe that plants should be classified according to something other than just sexual system?

answer: Increasing knowledge of plant anatomy

text: Increasing knowledge of plant anatomy

question: In what year to Candolle introduce the Candollean system?

answer: 1819

question: On what did Candolle base his classification system?

answer: morphological complexity

text: morphological complexity

question: What did Darwin introduce that changed classification systems?

answer: concept of common descent

text: concept of common descent


text: Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitrariness with which it is administered and the systemic influence of racial, socio-economic, geographic, and gender bias on determinations of desert make the current practice of capital punishment immoral and illegitimate.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Opponents

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: effective

text: means

text: of

text: deterring

text: crime

text: risks

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: the

text: innocent

text: is

text: unnecessarily

text: barbaric

text: in

text: nature

text: cheapens

text: human

text: life

text: and

text: puts

text: a

text: government

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: base

text: moral

text: level

text: as

text: those

text: criminals

text: involved

text: in

text: murder

text: Furthermore

text: some

text: opponents

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: arbitrariness

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: administered

text: and

text: the

text: systemic

text: influence

text: of

text: racial

text: socio

text: economic

text: geographic

text: and

text: gender

text: bias

text: on

text: determinations

text: of

text: desert

text: make

text: the

text: current

text: practice

text: of

text: capital

text: punishment

text: immoral

text: and

text: illegitimate

question: Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration?

answer: socio-economic

text: socio-economic

question: According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen?

answer: human life

text: human life

question: According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government?

answer: criminals involved in murder

text: criminals involved in murder

question: What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?

answer: deterring crime

text: deterring crime

question: Who do death penalty opponents believe may sometimes be executed?

answer: the innocent

text: the innocent


text: During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, called MCA Videodisc until 1984, began reissuing many DiscoVision titles. Unfortunately, quite a few, such as Battlestar Galactica and Jaws, were time-compressed versions of their CAV or CLV Disco Vision originals. The time-compressed CLV re-issue of Jaws no longer had the original soundtrack, having had incidental background music replaced for the video disc version due to licensing cost (the music would not be available until the THX LaserDisc box set was released in 1995). One Universal/Columbia co-production issued by MCA Disco Vision in both CAV and CLV versions, The Electric Horseman, is still not available in any other home video format with its original score intact; even the most recent DVD release has had substantial music replacements of both instrumental score and Willie Nelson's songs. An MCA release of Universal's Howard the Duck, sees only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film. For many years this was the only disc-based release of the film, until widescreen DVD formats were released with extras. Also, the LaserDisc release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is the only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster telling off Elliott for letting the frogs free in the biology class.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: MCA

text: also

text: manufactured

text: discs

text: for

text: other

text: companies

text: including

text: Paramount

text: Disney

text: and

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Some

text: of

text: them

text: added

text: their

text: own

text: names

text: to

text: the

text: disc

text: jacket

text: to

text: signify

text: that

text: the

text: movie

text: was

text: not

text: owned

text: by

text: MCA

text: After

text: Discovision

text: Associates

text: shut

text: down

text: in

text: early

text: Universal

text: Studio

text: 's

text: videodisc

text: software

text: label

text: called

text: MCA

text: Videodisc

text: until

text: began

text: reissuing

text: many

text: DiscoVision

text: titles

text: Unfortunately

text: quite

text: a

text: few

text: such

text: as

text: Battlestar

text: Galactica

text: and

text: Jaws

text: were

text: time

text: compressed

text: versions

text: of

text: their

text: CAV

text: or

text: CLV

text: Disco

text: Vision

text: originals

text: The

text: time

text: compressed

text: CLV

text: re

text: issue

text: of

text: Jaws

text: no

text: longer

text: had

text: the

text: original

text: soundtrack

text: having

text: had

text: incidental

text: background

text: music

text: replaced

text: for

text: the

text: video

text: disc

text: version

text: due

text: to

text: licensing

text: cost

text: the

text: music

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: available

text: until

text: the

text: THX

text: LaserDisc

text: box

text: set

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: One

text: Universal

text: Columbia

text: co

text: production

text: issued

text: by

text: MCA

text: Disco

text: Vision

text: in

text: both

text: CAV

text: and

text: CLV

text: versions

text: The

text: Electric

text: Horseman

text: is

text: still

text: not

text: available

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: home

text: video

text: format

text: with

text: its

text: original

text: score

text: intact

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: DVD

text: release

text: has

text: had

text: substantial

text: music

text: replacements

text: of

text: both

text: instrumental

text: score

text: and

text: Willie

text: Nelson

text: 's

text: songs

text: An

text: MCA

text: release

text: of

text: Universal

text: 's

text: Howard

text: the

text: Duck

text: sees

text: only

text: the

text: start

text: credits

text: shown

text: in

text: widescreen

text: before

text: changing

text: to

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: disc

text: based

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: until

text: widescreen

text: DVD

text: formats

text: were

text: released

text: with

text: extras

text: Also

text: the

text: LaserDisc

text: release

text: of

text: E.T.

text: the

text: Extra

text: Terrestrial

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: format

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: cut

text: scene

text: of

text: Harrison

text: Ford

text: playing

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: headmaster

text: telling

text: off

text: Elliott

text: for

text: letting

text: the

text: frogs

text: free

text: in

text: the

text: biology

text: class

question: What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for?

answer: Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros

text: Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros

question: What quirk is present in MCA's release of Howard the Duck?

answer: only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film

text: only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film

question: What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.?

answer: only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster

text: only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster

question: Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today?

answer: The Electric Horseman

text: The Electric Horseman


text: In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remain one of the primary distribution methods for the music industry. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: In

text: worldwide

text: sales

text: of

text: audio

text: CDs

text: CD

text: ROMs

text: and

text: CD

text: Rs

text: reached

text: about

text: billion

text: discs

text: By

text: billion

text: CDs

text: had

text: been

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: CDs

text: are

text: increasingly

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: digital

text: storage

text: and

text: distribution

text: with

text: the

text: result

text: that

text: audio

text: CD

text: sales

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: have

text: dropped

text: about

text: from

text: their

text: peak

text: however

text: they

text: remain

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: distribution

text: methods

text: for

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: In

text: revenues

text: from

text: digital

text: music

text: services

text: matched

text: those

text: from

text: physical

text: format

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

question: In what year were digital and physical music sales the same?

answer: 2014

question: How many CDs had been distrubuted worldwide by 2007?

answer: 200 billion

text: 200 billion

question: In 2004 how many CDs had been sold around the world?

answer: 2004

question: What percent decrease did audio CD sales experience?

answer: 50%

question: What has caused a decrease in CD sales?

answer: other forms of digital storage and distribution

text: other forms of digital storage and distribution

question: In 2004 how many CDs had been sold around the world?

answer: 30 billion

text: 30 billion

question: How many CDs had been distrubuted around the world by 2007?

answer: 200 billion

text: 200 billion

question: What has caused a decrease in CD sales?

answer: other forms of digital storage

text: other forms of digital storage


text: The Brazilian federal constitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress (articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I). In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty, but its ratification by the president is contingent upon the prior approval of Congress. Additionally, the Federal Supreme Court has ruled that, following ratification and entry into force, a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree published in the federal register in order to be valid in Brazil and applicable by the Brazilian authorities.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: Brazilian

text: federal

text: constitution

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: treaties

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: president

text: and

text: that

text: such

text: treaties

text: must

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: Congress

text: articles

text: clause

text: VIII

text: and

text: clause

text: I

text: In

text: practice

text: this

text: has

text: been

text: interpreted

text: as

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: is

text: free

text: to

text: negotiate

text: and

text: sign

text: a

text: treaty

text: but

text: its

text: ratification

text: by

text: the

text: president

text: is

text: contingent

text: upon

text: the

text: prior

text: approval

text: of

text: Congress

text: Additionally

text: the

text: Federal

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: ruled

text: that

text: following

text: ratification

text: and

text: entry

text: into

text: force

text: a

text: treaty

text: must

text: be

text: incorporated

text: into

text: domestic

text: law

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: a

text: presidential

text: decree

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: register

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: be

text: valid

text: in

text: Brazil

text: and

text: applicable

text: by

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: authorities

question: What part of the Brazilian federal consitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress?

answer: articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I

text: articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I

question: In practice the Brazilian president must get the prior approval of what body in order to negotiate and sign a treaty?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: What Brazilian institution has ruled that a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree?

answer: the Federal Supreme Court

text: the Federal Supreme Court

question: In order for a treaty to be valid in Brazil, a presidential decree incorporating the treaty into domestic law must be published where in order to be valid?

answer: the federal register

text: the federal register

question: In what office is the power to enter into treaties vested according to the Brazilian federal constitution?

answer: president

text: president


text: All of Britain's campaigns against New France succeeded in 1759, part of what became known as an Annus Mirabilis. Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces, cutting off French frontier forts further west. On 13 September 1759, following a three-month siege of Quebec, General James Wolfe defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham outside the city. The French staged a counteroffensive in the spring of 1760, with initial success at the Battle of Sainte-Foy, but they were unable to retake Quebec, due to British naval superiority following the battle of Neuville. The French forces retreated to Montreal, where on 8 September they surrendered to overwhelming British numerical superiority.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: All

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: campaigns

text: against

text: New

text: France

text: succeeded

text: in

text: part

text: of

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: Annus

text: Mirabilis

text: Fort

text: Niagara

text: and

text: Fort

text: Carillon

text: on

text: July

text: fell

text: to

text: sizable

text: British

text: forces

text: cutting

text: off

text: French

text: frontier

text: forts

text: further

text: west

text: On

text: September

text: following

text: a

text: three

text: month

text: siege

text: of

text: Quebec

text: General

text: James

text: Wolfe

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: on

text: the

text: Plains

text: of

text: Abraham

text: outside

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: French

text: staged

text: a

text: counteroffensive

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: with

text: initial

text: success

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sainte

text: Foy

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: retake

text: Quebec

text: due

text: to

text: British

text: naval

text: superiority

text: following

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Neuville

text: The

text: French

text: forces

text: retreated

text: to

text: Montreal

text: where

text: on

text: September

text: they

text: surrendered

text: to

text: overwhelming

text: British

text: numerical

text: superiority

question: Which country enjoyed the most success in battles in North America in 1759

answer: All of Britain's campaigns against New France succeeded in 1759

text: All of Britain's campaigns against New France succeeded in 1759

question: What two forts fell on the same day in 1758?

answer: Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces

text: Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces

question: When did General Wolfe take Quebec?

answer: On 13 September 1759, following a three-month siege of Quebec, General James Wolfe defeated the French

text: On 13 September 1759, following a three-month siege of Quebec, General James Wolfe defeated the French

question: Did the French take Quebec back?

answer: they were unable to retake Quebec

text: they were unable to retake Quebec

question: What military advantage brought the success for the British in defending Quebec?

answer: British naval superiority

text: British naval superiority


text: Characteristic birds of the forest are wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), common raven (Corvus corax), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), barred owl (Strix varia), screech owl (Megascops asio), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), and northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), as well as a great variety of "songbirds" (Passeriformes), like the warblers in particular.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Characteristic

text: birds

text: of

text: the

text: forest

text: are

text: wild

text: turkey

text: Meleagris

text: gallopavo

text: silvestris

text: ruffed

text: grouse

text: Bonasa

text: umbellus

text: mourning

text: dove

text: Zenaida

text: macroura

text: common

text: raven

text: Corvus

text: corax

text: wood

text: duck

text: Aix

text: sponsa

text: great

text: horned

text: owl

text: Bubo

text: virginianus

text: barred

text: owl

text: Strix

text: varia

text: screech

text: owl

text: Megascops

text: asio

text: red

text: tailed

text: hawk

text: Buteo

text: jamaicensis

text: red

text: shouldered

text: hawk

text: Buteo

text: lineatus

text: and

text: northern

text: goshawk

text: Accipiter

text: gentilis

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: variety

text: of

text: songbirds

text: Passeriformes

text: like

text: the

text: warblers

text: in

text: particular

question: What is one typical bird found in the range?

answer: wild turkey

text: wild turkey


text: After the Genpei war of the late 12th century, a clan leader Minamoto no Yoritomo obtained the right to appoint shugo and jito, and was allowed to organize soldiers and police, and to collect a certain amount of tax. Initially, their responsibility was restricted to arresting rebels and collecting needed army provisions, and they were forbidden from interfering with Kokushi Governors, but their responsibility gradually expanded and thus the samurai-class appeared as the political ruling power in Japan. Minamoto no Yoritomo opened the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate in 1192.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: After

text: the

text: Genpei

text: war

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: a

text: clan

text: leader

text: Minamoto

text: no

text: Yoritomo

text: obtained

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: appoint

text: shugo

text: and

text: jito

text: and

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: organize

text: soldiers

text: and

text: police

text: and

text: to

text: collect

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: tax

text: Initially

text: their

text: responsibility

text: was

text: restricted

text: to

text: arresting

text: rebels

text: and

text: collecting

text: needed

text: army

text: provisions

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: forbidden

text: from

text: interfering

text: with

text: Kokushi

text: Governors

text: but

text: their

text: responsibility

text: gradually

text: expanded

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: samurai

text: class

text: appeared

text: as

text: the

text: political

text: ruling

text: power

text: in

text: Japan

text: Minamoto

text: no

text: Yoritomo

text: opened

text: the

text: Kamakura

text: Bakufu

text: Shogunate

text: in

question: When was the Genpei war?

answer: late 12th century

text: late 12th century

question: Who was given the right to appoint shugo?

answer: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

question: What was Minamoto's position?

answer: clan leader

text: clan leader

question: Who opened the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate?

answer: Minamoto no Yoritomo

text: Minamoto no Yoritomo

question: When did the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate open?

answer: 1192


text: In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S., became Dell retail partners later that same year.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Dell

text: sold

text: its

text: products

text: through

text: Best

text: Buy

text: Costco

text: and

text: Sam

text: 's

text: Club

text: stores

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Dell

text: stopped

text: this

text: practice

text: in

text: citing

text: low

text: profit

text: margins

text: on

text: the

text: business

text: exclusively

text: distributing

text: through

text: a

text: direct

text: sales

text: model

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: decade

text: In

text: Dell

text: briefly

text: sold

text: products

text: in

text: Sears

text: stores

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: In

text: Dell

text: started

text: shipping

text: its

text: products

text: to

text: major

text: retailers

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: once

text: again

text: starting

text: with

text: Sam

text: 's

text: Club

text: and

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: Staples

text: the

text: largest

text: office

text: supply

text: retailer

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Best

text: Buy

text: the

text: largest

text: electronics

text: retailer

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: became

text: Dell

text: retail

text: partners

text: later

text: that

text: same

text: year

question: What decade did Dell sell electronics through big box stores?

answer: 1990s

question: what year did Dell stop selling products through physical retailers?

answer: 1994

question: What store did Dell sell electronics at in 2003?

answer: Sears

text: Sears

question: What year did Dell begin selling products at retailers again?

answer: 2007

question: Who is the largest electronics retailer in the US?

answer: Best Buy

text: Best Buy


text: It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of "human capital". Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills.

title: Education

title: Education

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: argued

text: that

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: education

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: countries

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: achieve

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: economic

text: growth

text: Empirical

text: analyses

text: tend

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: theoretical

text: prediction

text: that

text: poor

text: countries

text: should

text: grow

text: faster

text: than

text: rich

text: countries

text: because

text: they

text: can

text: adopt

text: cutting

text: edge

text: technologies

text: already

text: tried

text: and

text: tested

text: by

text: rich

text: countries

text: However

text: technology

text: transfer

text: requires

text: knowledgeable

text: managers

text: and

text: engineers

text: who

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: operate

text: new

text: machines

text: or

text: production

text: practices

text: borrowed

text: from

text: the

text: leader

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: close

text: the

text: gap

text: through

text: imitation

text: Therefore

text: a

text: country

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: learn

text: from

text: the

text: leader

text: is

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: its

text: stock

text: of

text: human

text: capital

text: Recent

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: determinants

text: of

text: aggregate

text: economic

text: growth

text: have

text: stressed

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: fundamental

text: economic

text: institutions

text: and

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: cognitive

text: skills

question: What is the theory behind Empirical analyses?

answer: poor countries should grow faster than rich countries

text: poor countries should grow faster than rich countries

question: What has been argued about high rates in education?

answer: essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth

text: essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth

question: What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education?

answer: requires knowledgeable managers and engineers

text: requires knowledgeable managers and engineers


text: The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an experimental laboratory in his home, and delighted in repairing radios. When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: The

text: young

text: Feynman

text: was

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: who

text: encouraged

text: him

text: to

text: ask

text: questions

text: to

text: challenge

text: orthodox

text: thinking

text: and

text: who

text: was

text: always

text: ready

text: to

text: teach

text: Feynman

text: something

text: new

text: From

text: his

text: mother

text: he

text: gained

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: humor

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: throughout

text: his

text: life

text: As

text: a

text: child

text: he

text: had

text: a

text: talent

text: for

text: engineering

text: maintained

text: an

text: experimental

text: laboratory

text: in

text: his

text: home

text: and

text: delighted

text: in

text: repairing

text: radios

text: When

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: grade

text: school

text: he

text: created

text: a

text: home

text: burglar

text: alarm

text: system

text: while

text: his

text: parents

text: were

text: out

text: for

text: the

text: day

text: running

text: errands

question: What personality trait did Feynman acquire from his mother?

answer: humor

text: humor

question: What person influenced Feynman to think deeply?

answer: father

text: father

question: What electronic instrument did Feynman repair as a child?

answer: radios

text: radios

question: As a grade school child he created an electronic device while his parents were away, what was it?

answer: home burglar alarm system

text: home burglar alarm system

question: What talent did Feynman have, even early in his childhood?

answer: engineering

text: engineering


text: Prior to the rally, seven anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi after unfurling a banner and shouting "Boycott the Beijing Olympics" through a loudhailer at a market. A Vietnamese American was deported for planning protests against the torch, while a prominent blogger, Điếu Cày (real name Nguyễn Văn Hải), who blogged about protests around the world and who called for demonstrations in Vietnam, was arrested on charges of tax evasion. Outside Vietnam, there were protests by overseas Vietnamese in Paris, San Francisco and Canberra. Lê Minh Phiếu, a torchbearer who is a Vietnamese law student studying in France, wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics", citing maps of the torch relay at the official Beijing Olympic website depicting the disputed islands as Chinese territory and posted it on his blog. One day before the relay was to start, the official website appeared to have been updated to remove the disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: rally

text: seven

text: anti

text: China

text: protestors

text: were

text: arrested

text: in

text: Hanoi

text: after

text: unfurling

text: a

text: banner

text: and

text: shouting

text: Boycott

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Olympics

text: through

text: a

text: loudhailer

text: at

text: a

text: market

text: A

text: Vietnamese

text: American

text: was

text: deported

text: for

text: planning

text: protests

text: against

text: the

text: torch

text: while

text: a

text: prominent

text: blogger

text: Điếu

text: Cày

text: real

text: name

text: Nguyễn

text: Văn

text: Hải

text: who

text: blogged

text: about

text: protests

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: who

text: called

text: for

text: demonstrations

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: arrested

text: on

text: charges

text: of

text: tax

text: evasion

text: Outside

text: Vietnam

text: there

text: were

text: protests

text: by

text: overseas

text: Vietnamese

text: in

text: Paris

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: Canberra

text: Lê

text: Minh

text: Phiếu

text: a

text: torchbearer

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: Vietnamese

text: law

text: student

text: studying

text: in

text: France

text: wrote

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: protesting

text: China

text: 's

text: politicisation

text: of

text: the

text: Olympics

text: citing

text: maps

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: at

text: the

text: official

text: Beijing

text: Olympic

text: website

text: depicting

text: the

text: disputed

text: islands

text: as

text: Chinese

text: territory

text: and

text: posted

text: it

text: on

text: his

text: blog

text: One

text: day

text: before

text: the

text: relay

text: was

text: to

text: start

text: the

text: official

text: website

text: appeared

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: disputed

text: islands

text: and

text: dotted

text: lines

text: marking

text: China

text: 's

text: maritime

text: claims

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

question: How many people protesting China were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Which blogger calling for demonstrations was arrested for tax evasion?

answer: Điếu Cày

text: Điếu Cày

question: Which torchbearer sent a letter of protest to the president of the International Olympic Committee?

answer: Lê Minh Phiếu

text: Lê Minh Phiếu

question: How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What is blogger Điếu Cày's real name?

answer: Nguyễn Văn Hải

text: Nguyễn Văn Hải

question: Though he urged for demonstrations in Vietnam, Nguyễn Văn Hải was charged with what crime?

answer: tax evasion.

text: tax evasion.

question: What is the name of the torchbearer who wrote a letter to the IOC president about discrepancies on a website?

answer: Lê Minh Phiếu

text: Lê Minh Phiếu

question: What was removed from the website that Lê Minh Phiếu had written about?

answer: disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims

text: disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims


text: The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "political" as it had real implications for governance. This view was challenged by the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers, who held a more Hellenic view, reason above revelation, and as such are known to modern scholars as the first speculative theologians of Islam; they were supported by a secular aristocracy who sought freedom of action independent of the Caliphate. By the late ancient period, however, the "traditionalist" Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed. According to the Asharites, reason must be subordinate to the Quran and the Sunna.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: Islam

text: based

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: and

text: Muhammad

text: strongly

text: altered

text: the

text: power

text: balances

text: and

text: perceptions

text: of

text: origin

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: Early

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

text: emphasized

text: an

text: inexorable

text: link

text: between

text: science

text: and

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: ijtihad

text: to

text: find

text: truth

text: in

text: effect

text: all

text: philosophy

text: was

text: political

text: as

text: it

text: had

text: real

text: implications

text: for

text: governance

text: This

text: view

text: was

text: challenged

text: by

text: the

text: rationalist

text: Mutazilite

text: philosophers

text: who

text: held

text: a

text: more

text: Hellenic

text: view

text: reason

text: above

text: revelation

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: modern

text: scholars

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: speculative

text: theologians

text: of

text: Islam

text: they

text: were

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: secular

text: aristocracy

text: who

text: sought

text: freedom

text: of

text: action

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: ancient

text: period

text: however

text: the

text: traditionalist

text: Asharite

text: view

text: of

text: Islam

text: had

text: in

text: general

text: triumphed

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Asharites

text: reason

text: must

text: be

text: subordinate

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: the

text: Sunna

question: What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region?

answer: The rise of Islam

text: The rise of Islam

question: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?

answer: Early Islamic philosophy

text: Early Islamic philosophy

question: Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views?

answer: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers

text: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers

question: What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold?

answer: Hellenic view

text: Hellenic view