text: Trade secret misappropriation is different from violations of other intellectual property laws, since by definition trade secrets are secret, while patents and registered copyrights and trademarks are publicly available. In the United States, trade secrets are protected under state law, and states have nearly universally adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The United States also has federal law in the form of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. §§ 1831–1839), which makes the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret a federal crime. This law contains two provisions criminalizing two sorts of activity. The first, 18 U.S.C. § 1831(a), criminalizes the theft of trade secrets to benefit foreign powers. The second, 18 U.S.C. § 1832, criminalizes their theft for commercial or economic purposes. (The statutory penalties are different for the two offenses.) In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, confidentiality and trade secrets are regarded as an equitable right rather than a property right but penalties for theft are roughly the same as the United States.[citation needed]

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Trade

text: secret

text: misappropriation

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: violations

text: of

text: other

text: intellectual

text: property

text: laws

text: since

text: by

text: definition

text: trade

text: secrets

text: are

text: secret

text: while

text: patents

text: and

text: registered

text: copyrights

text: and

text: trademarks

text: are

text: publicly

text: available

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: trade

text: secrets

text: are

text: protected

text: under

text: state

text: law

text: and

text: states

text: have

text: nearly

text: universally

text: adopted

text: the

text: Uniform

text: Trade

text: Secrets

text: Act

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: has

text: federal

text: law

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Economic

text: Espionage

text: Act

text: of

text: U.S.C.

text: which

text: makes

text: the

text: theft

text: or

text: misappropriation

text: of

text: a

text: trade

text: secret

text: a

text: federal

text: crime

text: This

text: law

text: contains

text: two

text: provisions

text: criminalizing

text: two

text: sorts

text: of

text: activity

text: The

text: first

text: U.S.C.

text: criminalizes

text: the

text: theft

text: of

text: trade

text: secrets

text: to

text: benefit

text: foreign

text: powers

text: The

text: second

text: U.S.C.

text: criminalizes

text: their

text: theft

text: for

text: commercial

text: or

text: economic

text: purposes

text: The

text: statutory

text: penalties

text: are

text: different

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: offenses

text: In

text: Commonwealth

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: confidentiality

text: and

text: trade

text: secrets

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: an

text: equitable

text: right

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: property

text: right

text: but

text: penalties

text: for

text: theft

text: are

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States.[citation

text: needed

question: Which type of intellectual property is secret?

answer: trade secrets

text: trade secrets

question: What law do most US states use to protect trade secrets?

answer: Uniform Trade Secrets Act

text: Uniform Trade Secrets Act

question: What US federal law protects trade secrets?

answer: Economic Espionage Act

text: Economic Espionage Act

question: Commonwealth common law regards trade secrets as what kind of right?

answer: an equitable right

text: an equitable right

question: US law regards trade secrets as what kind of right?

answer: a property right

text: a property right


text: On April 22, 1971, Kerry appeared before a U.S. Senate committee hearing on proposals relating to ending the war. The day after this testimony, Kerry participated in a demonstration with thousands of other veterans in which he and other Vietnam War veterans threw their medals and service ribbons over a fence erected at the front steps of the United States Capitol building to dramatize their opposition to the war. Jack Smith, a Marine, read a statement explaining why the veterans were returning their military awards to the government. For more than two hours, almost 1000 angry veterans tossed their medals, ribbons, hats, jackets, and military papers over the fence. Each veteran gave his or her name, hometown, branch of service and a statement. Kerry threw some of his own decorations and awards as well as some given to him by other veterans to throw. As Kerry threw his decorations over the fence, his statement was: "I'm not doing this for any violent reasons, but for peace and justice, and to try and make this country wake up once and for all."

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: On

text: April

text: Kerry

text: appeared

text: before

text: a

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: committee

text: hearing

text: on

text: proposals

text: relating

text: to

text: ending

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: day

text: after

text: this

text: testimony

text: Kerry

text: participated

text: in

text: a

text: demonstration

text: with

text: thousands

text: of

text: other

text: veterans

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: and

text: other

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: veterans

text: threw

text: their

text: medals

text: and

text: service

text: ribbons

text: over

text: a

text: fence

text: erected

text: at

text: the

text: front

text: steps

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Capitol

text: building

text: to

text: dramatize

text: their

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: Jack

text: Smith

text: a

text: Marine

text: read

text: a

text: statement

text: explaining

text: why

text: the

text: veterans

text: were

text: returning

text: their

text: military

text: awards

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: For

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: hours

text: almost

text: angry

text: veterans

text: tossed

text: their

text: medals

text: ribbons

text: hats

text: jackets

text: and

text: military

text: papers

text: over

text: the

text: fence

text: Each

text: veteran

text: gave

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: name

text: hometown

text: branch

text: of

text: service

text: and

text: a

text: statement

text: Kerry

text: threw

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: decorations

text: and

text: awards

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: given

text: to

text: him

text: by

text: other

text: veterans

text: to

text: throw

text: As

text: Kerry

text: threw

text: his

text: decorations

text: over

text: the

text: fence

text: his

text: statement

text: was

text: I

text: 'm

text: not

text: doing

text: this

text: for

text: any

text: violent

text: reasons

text: but

text: for

text: peace

text: and

text: justice

text: and

text: to

text: try

text: and

text: make

text: this

text: country

text: wake

text: up

text: once

text: and

text: for

text: all

question: What did Kerry do on Apr 22, 1971?

answer: appeared before a U.S. Senate committee hearing

text: appeared before a U.S. Senate committee hearing

question: What was the topic of the hearing Kerry testified on?

answer: ending the war

text: ending the war

question: What did Kerry throw over a fence?

answer: some of his own decorations and awards as well as some given to him by other veterans to throw

text: some of his own decorations and awards as well as some given to him by other veterans to throw

question: Why did Kerry participate in the protest?

answer: for peace and justice, and to try and make this country wake up once and for all

text: for peace and justice, and to try and make this country wake up once and for all

question: How many vets participated in the protest?

answer: almost 1000

text: almost 1000


text: During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: During

text: ordinary

text: operation

text: the

text: tungsten

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: evaporates

text: hotter

text: more

text: efficient

text: filaments

text: evaporate

text: faster

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: a

text: filament

text: lamp

text: is

text: a

text: trade

text: off

text: between

text: efficiency

text: and

text: longevity

text: The

text: trade

text: off

text: is

text: typically

text: set

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: lifetime

text: of

text: several

text: hundred

text: to

text: hours

text: for

text: lamps

text: used

text: for

text: general

text: illumination

text: Theatrical

text: photographic

text: and

text: projection

text: lamps

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: useful

text: life

text: of

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: hours

text: trading

text: life

text: expectancy

text: for

text: high

text: output

text: in

text: a

text: compact

text: form

text: Long

text: life

text: general

text: service

text: lamps

text: have

text: lower

text: efficiency

text: but

text: are

text: used

text: where

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: changing

text: the

text: lamp

text: is

text: high

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: energy

text: used

question: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?

answer: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster

text: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster

question: What is the typical goal for the life of a tungsten filament bulb?

answer: several hundred to 2,000 hours

text: several hundred to 2,000 hours

question: Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives?

answer: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps

text: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps

question: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design?

answer: efficiency and longevity

text: efficiency and longevity


text: The birthplace of IBM, Endicott, suffered pollution for decades, however. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in the town's soil and aquifer. Traces of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott’s drinking water, but the levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from a local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Remediation and testing are ongoing, however according to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: The

text: birthplace

text: of

text: IBM

text: Endicott

text: suffered

text: pollution

text: for

text: decades

text: however

text: IBM

text: used

text: liquid

text: cleaning

text: agents

text: in

text: circuit

text: board

text: assembly

text: operation

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: and

text: six

text: spills

text: and

text: leaks

text: were

text: recorded

text: including

text: one

text: leak

text: in

text: of

text: gallons

text: from

text: an

text: underground

text: tank

text: These

text: left

text: behind

text: volatile

text: organic

text: compounds

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: soil

text: and

text: aquifer

text: Traces

text: of

text: volatile

text: organic

text: compounds

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: Endicott

text: ’s

text: drinking

text: water

text: but

text: the

text: levels

text: are

text: within

text: regulatory

text: limits

text: Also

text: from

text: IBM

text: has

text: pumped

text: out

text: gallons

text: of

text: chemicals

text: including

text: trichloroethane

text: freon

text: benzene

text: and

text: perchloroethene

text: to

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: allegedly

text: caused

text: several

text: cancer

text: cases

text: among

text: the

text: townspeople

text: IBM

text: Endicott

text: has

text: been

text: identified

text: by

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Environmental

text: Conservation

text: as

text: the

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: pollution

text: though

text: traces

text: of

text: contaminants

text: from

text: a

text: local

text: dry

text: cleaner

text: and

text: other

text: polluters

text: were

text: also

text: found

text: Remediation

text: and

text: testing

text: are

text: ongoing

text: however

text: according

text: to

text: city

text: officials

text: tests

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: water

text: is

text: safe

text: to

text: drink

question: What location is the birthplace of IBM?

answer: Endicott

text: Endicott

question: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?

answer: 4,100 gallons

text: 4,100 gallons

question: How long did IBM use liquid cleaning agents for circuit board manufacturing?

answer: more than two decades

text: more than two decades

question: Starting in 1980 how many gallons of chemicals did IBM pump into the air?

answer: 78,000 gallons

text: 78,000 gallons

question: IBM was identified by what department as a major source of pollution?

answer: Department of Environmental Conservation

text: Department of Environmental Conservation


text: Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times after its debut at the 1974 Contest. In 2005, Greece won with the song "My Number One", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou. The song received 230 points with 10 sets of 12 points from Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Albania, Cyprus, Serbia & Montenegro, Sweden and Germany and also became a smash hit in different countries and especially in Greece. The 51st Eurovision Song Contest was held in Athens at the Olympic Indoor Hall of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Maroussi, with hosted by Maria Menounos and Sakis Rouvas.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: times

text: after

text: its

text: debut

text: at

text: the

text: Contest

text: In

text: Greece

text: won

text: with

text: the

text: song

text: My

text: Number

text: One

text: performed

text: by

text: Greek

text: Swedish

text: singer

text: Elena

text: Paparizou

text: The

text: song

text: received

text: points

text: with

text: sets

text: of

text: points

text: from

text: Belgium

text: Bulgaria

text: Hungary

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Turkey

text: Albania

text: Cyprus

text: Serbia

text: Montenegro

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Germany

text: and

text: also

text: became

text: a

text: smash

text: hit

text: in

text: different

text: countries

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: Greece

text: The

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Athens

text: at

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Indoor

text: Hall

text: of

text: the

text: Athens

text: Olympic

text: Sports

text: Complex

text: in

text: Maroussi

text: with

text: hosted

text: by

text: Maria

text: Menounos

text: and

text: Sakis

text: Rouvas

question: How many time has Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest?

answer: 35

question: In what year did Greece win the Eurovision Song Contest?

answer: 2005

question: What Greek song won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005?

answer: My Number One

text: My Number One

question: Who performed the song, My Number One, in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest?

answer: Elena Paparizou

text: Elena Paparizou

question: Where was the 51st Eurovision Song Contest held?

answer: Athens

text: Athens


text: A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey. Although it has been damaged in past centuries, the panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: A

text: recent

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: exhibition

text: is

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Westminster

text: Retable

text: England

text: 's

text: oldest

text: altarpiece

text: which

text: was

text: most

text: probably

text: designed

text: for

text: the

text: high

text: altar

text: of

text: the

text: abbey

text: Although

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: damaged

text: in

text: past

text: centuries

text: the

text: panel

text: has

text: been

text: expertly

text: cleaned

text: and

text: conserved

question: What was recently added to the museum exhibit?

answer: 13th-century Westminster Retable

text: 13th-century Westminster Retable

question: What is the Westminster Retable?

answer: England's oldest altarpiece

text: England's oldest altarpiece

question: What was the altarpiece designed for?

answer: high altar of the abbey

text: high altar of the abbey

question: What was damaged but cleaned and then conserved?

answer: altarpiece

text: altarpiece


text: One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, others consider it to be a school in its own right and a later development of expressionist architecture.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: One

text: such

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: cold

text: aesthetic

text: of

text: modernism

text: and

text: Brutalism

text: is

text: the

text: school

text: of

text: metaphoric

text: architecture

text: which

text: includes

text: such

text: things

text: as

text: biomorphism

text: and

text: zoomorphic

text: architecture

text: both

text: using

text: nature

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: source

text: of

text: inspiration

text: and

text: design

text: While

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: be

text: merely

text: an

text: aspect

text: of

text: postmodernism

text: others

text: consider

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: school

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: right

text: and

text: a

text: later

text: development

text: of

text: expressionist

text: architecture

question: What school was a response to Brutalism?

answer: the school of metaphoric architecture

text: the school of metaphoric architecture

question: What are two examples of metaphoric architecture?

answer: biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture

text: biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture

question: What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise?

answer: nature

text: nature

question: What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of?

answer: expressionist architecture

text: expressionist architecture


text: In 1877, John Wanamaker opened the United State's first modern department store in a former Pennsylvania Railroad freight terminal in Philadelphia. Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the use of pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents (1880) to the department store business. Subsequent department stores founded in Philadelphia included Strawbridge and Clothier, Gimbels, Lit Brothers, and Snellenbergs.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: In

text: John

text: Wanamaker

text: opened

text: the

text: United

text: State

text: 's

text: first

text: modern

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: a

text: former

text: Pennsylvania

text: Railroad

text: freight

text: terminal

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Wanamakers

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: department

text: store

text: to

text: offer

text: fixed

text: prices

text: marked

text: on

text: every

text: article

text: and

text: also

text: introduced

text: electrical

text: illumination

text: the

text: telephone

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: pneumatic

text: tubes

text: to

text: transport

text: cash

text: and

text: documents

text: to

text: the

text: department

text: store

text: business

text: Subsequent

text: department

text: stores

text: founded

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: included

text: Strawbridge

text: and

text: Clothier

text: Gimbels

text: Lit

text: Brothers

text: and

text: Snellenbergs

question: Who opened the original "modern" department store in America?

answer: John Wanamaker

text: John Wanamaker

question: What feature made Wanamakers different from other stores at the time?

answer: fixed prices marked on every article

text: fixed prices marked on every article

question: How were important documents and money transported throughout the store?

answer: pneumatic tubes

text: pneumatic tubes

question: When was electric lighting first installed and used in the store?

answer: 1878

question: In what state was Wanamakers established?

answer: Pennsylvania

text: Pennsylvania


text: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: Joan

text: B.

text: Kroc

text: Institute

text: for

text: International

text: Peace

text: Studies

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: is

text: dedicated

text: to

text: research

text: education

text: and

text: outreach

text: on

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: violent

text: conflict

text: and

text: the

text: conditions

text: for

text: sustainable

text: peace

text: It

text: offers

text: PhD

text: Master

text: 's

text: and

text: undergraduate

text: degrees

text: in

text: peace

text: studies

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: through

text: the

text: donations

text: of

text: Joan

text: B.

text: Kroc

text: the

text: widow

text: of

text: McDonald

text: 's

text: owner

text: Ray

text: Kroc

text: The

text: institute

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: vision

text: of

text: the

text: Rev.

text: Theodore

text: M.

text: Hesburgh

text: CSC

text: President

text: Emeritus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: The

text: institute

text: has

text: contributed

text: to

text: international

text: policy

text: discussions

text: about

text: peace

text: building

text: practices

question: What institute at Notre Dame studies  the reasons for violent conflict?

answer: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies

text: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies

question: What is the title of Notre Dame's Theodore Hesburgh?

answer: President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame

text: President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame

question: In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded?

answer: 1986

question: To whom was John B. Kroc married?

answer: Ray Kroc

text: Ray Kroc

question: What company did Ray Kroc own?

answer: McDonald's

text: McDonald's


text: After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: when

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: divided

text: up

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: 's

text: countries

text: apart

text: from

text: Turkey

text: between

text: them

text: pursuant

text: to

text: the

text: Sykes

text: Picot

text: agreement

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: solemn

text: wartime

text: promises

text: of

text: postwar

text: Arab

text: autonomy

text: there

text: came

text: an

text: immediate

text: reaction

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: emerged

text: in

text: Egypt

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Saud

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: Hijaz

text: and

text: regimes

text: led

text: by

text: army

text: officers

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: Turkey

text: B]oth

text: illiberal

text: currents

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: Middle

text: East

text: writes

text: de

text: Bellaigne

text: Islamism

text: and

text: militarism

text: received

text: a

text: major

text: impetus

text: from

text: Western

text: empire

text: builders

text: As

text: often

text: happens

text: in

text: countries

text: undergoing

text: social

text: crisis

text: the

text: aspirations

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: 's

text: translators

text: and

text: modernizers

text: such

text: as

text: Muhammad

text: Abduh

text: largely

text: had

text: to

text: yield

text: to

text: retrograde

text: currents

question: What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI?

answer: Britain and France

text: Britain and France

question: What was the dividing up of the Middle Eastern countries in violation of?

answer: solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy

text: solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy

question: A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood

question: de Bellaigne attributed the growth of Islamism and militarism to what Western catalyst?

answer: empire-builders

text: empire-builders

question: What did the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators find themselves yielding to?

answer: retrograde currents

text: retrograde currents


text: Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the French market. Mohamed Ali Pasha accepted the proposition and granted himself the monopoly on the sale and export of cotton in Egypt; and later dictated cotton should be grown in preference to other crops. By the time of the American Civil war annual exports had reached $16 million (120,000 bales), which rose to $56 million by 1864, primarily due to the loss of the Confederate supply on the world market. Exports continued to grow even after the reintroduction of US cotton, produced now by a paid workforce, and Egyptian exports reached 1.2 million bales a year by 1903.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Though

text: known

text: since

text: antiquity

text: the

text: commercial

text: growing

text: of

text: cotton

text: in

text: Egypt

text: only

text: started

text: in

text: 's

text: following

text: a

text: Frenchman

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: M.

text: Jumel

text: propositioning

text: the

text: then

text: ruler

text: Mohamed

text: Ali

text: Pasha

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: earn

text: a

text: substantial

text: income

text: by

text: growing

text: an

text: extra

text: long

text: staple

text: Maho

text: Barbadence

text: cotton

text: in

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: market

text: Mohamed

text: Ali

text: Pasha

text: accepted

text: the

text: proposition

text: and

text: granted

text: himself

text: the

text: monopoly

text: on

text: the

text: sale

text: and

text: export

text: of

text: cotton

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: later

text: dictated

text: cotton

text: should

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: preference

text: to

text: other

text: crops

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: war

text: annual

text: exports

text: had

text: reached

text: million

text: bales

text: which

text: rose

text: to

text: million

text: by

text: primarily

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: Confederate

text: supply

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: market

text: Exports

text: continued

text: to

text: grow

text: even

text: after

text: the

text: reintroduction

text: of

text: US

text: cotton

text: produced

text: now

text: by

text: a

text: paid

text: workforce

text: and

text: Egyptian

text: exports

text: reached

text: million

text: bales

text: a

text: year

text: by

question: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt?

answer: 1820's,

question: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the French market?

answer: M. Jumel

text: M. Jumel

question: Who was ruler of Egypt in the 1820s?

answer: Mohamed Ali Pasha

text: Mohamed Ali Pasha

question: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War?

answer: $56 million

text: $56 million

question: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1903?

answer: 1.2 million bales a year

text: 1.2 million bales a year


text: In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called pups or puppies, from French poupée, until they are about a year old. The process of birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: In

text: breeding

text: circles

text: a

text: male

text: canine

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: dog

text: while

text: a

text: female

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: bitch

text: Middle

text: English

text: bicche

text: from

text: Old

text: English

text: bicce

text: ultimately

text: from

text: Old

text: Norse

text: bikkja

text: A

text: group

text: of

text: offspring

text: is

text: a

text: litter

text: The

text: father

text: of

text: a

text: litter

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: sire

text: and

text: the

text: mother

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: dam

text: Offspring

text: are

text: in

text: general

text: called

text: pups

text: or

text: puppies

text: from

text: French

text: poupée

text: until

text: they

text: are

text: about

text: a

text: year

text: old

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: birth

text: is

text: whelping

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: word

text: hwelp

question: What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively?

answer: a litter.

text: a litter.

question: What is the male who is father of the pups called?

answer: sire

text: sire

question: What is the French word that "puppy" comes from?

answer: poupée

text: poupée

question: What is giving birth to dogs called?

answer: whelping

text: whelping

question: What is the English word for female dog that has also become profanity?

answer: bitch

text: bitch

question: A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding?

answer: bitch

text: bitch

question: What are canine offspring referred as?

answer: litter

text: litter

question: What is the father of a litter referred as?

answer: sire

text: sire

question: What is the mother of a litter referred as?

answer: dam

text: dam

question: What are the individual litter canines called?

answer: pups

text: pups


text: Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: Mianyang

text: Hi

text: Tech

text: Industrial

text: Development

text: Zone

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: planned

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: zone

text: is

text: situated

text: kilometers

text: away

text: from

text: Chengdu

text: and

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: away

text: from

text: Mianyang

text: Airport

text: Since

text: its

text: establishment

text: the

text: zone

text: accumulated

text: billion

text: yuan

text: of

text: industrial

text: output

text: billion

text: yuan

text: of

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: fiscal

text: revenue

text: billion

text: yuan

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: high

text: tech

text: enterprises

text: in

text: the

text: zone

text: and

text: they

text: accounted

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: industrial

text: output

question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone?

answer: 17 sq mi

text: 17 sq mi

question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport?

answer: 8 km

text: 8 km

question: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone  output since inception?

answer: 177.4 billion yuan

text: 177.4 billion yuan

question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ?

answer: 136


text: On 11 August, Barcelona started the 2015–16 season winning a joint record fifth European Super Cup by beating Sevilla FC 5–4 in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. They ended the year with a 3–0 win over Argentine club River Plate in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December to win the trophy for a record third time, with Suárez, Messi and Iniesta the top three players of the tournament. The FIFA Club World Cup was Barcelona's 20th international title, a record only matched by Egyptian club Al Ahly SC. By scoring 180 goals in 2015 in all competitions, Barcelona set the record for most goals scored in a calendar year, breaking Real Madrid's record of 178 goals scored in 2014.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: On

text: August

text: Barcelona

text: started

text: the

text: season

text: winning

text: a

text: joint

text: record

text: fifth

text: European

text: Super

text: Cup

text: by

text: beating

text: Sevilla

text: FC

text: in

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Super

text: Cup

text: They

text: ended

text: the

text: year

text: with

text: a

text: win

text: over

text: Argentine

text: club

text: River

text: Plate

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

text: Final

text: on

text: December

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: trophy

text: for

text: a

text: record

text: third

text: time

text: with

text: Suárez

text: Messi

text: and

text: Iniesta

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: players

text: of

text: the

text: tournament

text: The

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

text: was

text: Barcelona

text: 's

text: international

text: title

text: a

text: record

text: only

text: matched

text: by

text: Egyptian

text: club

text: Al

text: Ahly

text: SC

text: By

text: scoring

text: goals

text: in

text: in

text: all

text: competitions

text: Barcelona

text: set

text: the

text: record

text: for

text: most

text: goals

text: scored

text: in

text: a

text: calendar

text: year

text: breaking

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: 's

text: record

text: of

text: goals

text: scored

text: in

question: Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup?

answer: Sevilla FC

text: Sevilla FC

question: What team did Barcelona defeat to win the 2015 FIFA World Cup Final?

answer: River Plate

text: River Plate

question: What was the only team to match Barcelona's record of trophy wins by 2015?

answer: Al Ahly SC

text: Al Ahly SC

question: How many goals did Barcelona score to break the record for most goals in a year?

answer: 180

question: What teams previous record was 178 goals in a year?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid


text: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: primary

text: objective

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: as

text: mandated

text: in

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: the

text: ECB

text: is

text: to

text: maintain

text: price

text: stability

text: within

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: The

text: basic

text: tasks

text: as

text: defined

text: in

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Statute

text: are

text: to

text: define

text: and

text: implement

text: the

text: monetary

text: policy

text: for

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: to

text: conduct

text: foreign

text: exchange

text: operations

text: to

text: take

text: care

text: of

text: the

text: foreign

text: reserves

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: System

text: of

text: Central

text: Banks

text: and

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: financial

text: market

text: infrastructure

text: under

text: the

text: payments

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: technical

text: platform

text: currently

text: being

text: developed

text: for

text: settlement

text: of

text: securities

text: in

text: Europe

text: Securities

text: The

text: ECB

text: has

text: under

text: Article

text: of

text: its

text: Statute

text: the

text: exclusive

text: right

text: to

text: authorise

text: the

text: issuance

text: of

text: euro

text: banknotes

text: Member

text: states

text: can

text: issue

text: euro

text: coins

text: but

text: the

text: amount

text: must

text: be

text: authorised

text: by

text: the

text: ECB

text: beforehand

question: What is the main mission of the ECB?

answer: maintain price stability within the Eurozone

text: maintain price stability within the Eurozone

question: What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes?

answer: Article 16 of its Statute

text: Article 16 of its Statute

question: How can a member state use euro coins?

answer: the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand

text: the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand

question: Where is the mission for the European Central Bank found?

answer: Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB

text: Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB

question: Where can the basic tasks of the European Central Bank be found?

answer: Article 3 of the Statute

text: Article 3 of the Statute


text: The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name "Tanasqui" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Indian tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: The

text: first

text: recorded

text: European

text: excursions

text: into

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: Tennessee

text: were

text: three

text: expeditions

text: led

text: by

text: Spanish

text: explorers

text: namely

text: Hernando

text: de

text: Soto

text: in

text: Tristan

text: de

text: Luna

text: in

text: and

text: Juan

text: Pardo

text: in

text: Pardo

text: recorded

text: the

text: name

text: Tanasqui

text: from

text: a

text: local

text: Indian

text: village

text: which

text: evolved

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: current

text: name

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: tribes

text: of

text: Muscogee

text: and

text: Yuchi

text: people

text: Possibly

text: because

text: of

text: European

text: diseases

text: devastating

text: the

text: Indian

text: tribes

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: left

text: a

text: population

text: vacuum

text: and

text: also

text: from

text: expanding

text: European

text: settlement

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: moved

text: south

text: from

text: the

text: area

text: now

text: called

text: Virginia

text: As

text: European

text: colonists

text: spread

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: the

text: Indian

text: populations

text: were

text: forcibly

text: displaced

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: including

text: all

text: Muscogee

text: and

text: Yuchi

text: peoples

text: the

text: Chickasaw

text: and

text: Choctaw

text: and

text: ultimately

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: in

question: Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: Which year did Hernando de Soto explore Tennessee?

answer: 1540

question: Which Native American peoples were living in Tennessee when Juan Pardo explored the area?

answer: Muscogee and Yuchi

text: Muscogee and Yuchi

question: Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans?

answer: Cherokee

text: Cherokee

question: By which year had most of the Native Americans been forced out of the Tennessee region?

answer: 1838


text: A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: A

text: major

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: managing

text: of

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: was

text: Hermann

text: Göring

text: Hitler

text: believed

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: effective

text: strategic

text: weapon

text: and

text: in

text: reply

text: to

text: repeated

text: requests

text: from

text: the

text: Kriegsmarine

text: for

text: control

text: over

text: aircraft

text: insisted

text: We

text: should

text: never

text: have

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: hold

text: our

text: own

text: in

text: this

text: war

text: if

text: we

text: had

text: not

text: had

text: an

text: undivided

text: Luftwaffe

text: Such

text: principles

text: made

text: it

text: much

text: harder

text: to

text: integrate

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: into

text: the

text: overall

text: strategy

text: and

text: produced

text: in

text: Göring

text: a

text: jealous

text: and

text: damaging

text: defence

text: of

text: his

text: empire

text: while

text: removing

text: Hitler

text: voluntarily

text: from

text: the

text: systematic

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: at

text: either

text: the

text: strategic

text: or

text: operational

text: level

text: When

text: Hitler

text: tried

text: to

text: intervene

text: more

text: in

text: the

text: running

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: he

text: was

text: faced

text: with

text: a

text: political

text: conflict

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: making

text: between

text: himself

text: and

text: Göring

text: which

text: was

text: not

text: fully

text: resolved

text: until

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: almost

text: over

text: In

text: and

text: Göring

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: cooperate

text: with

text: the

text: Kriegsmarine

text: denied

text: the

text: entire

text: Wehrmacht

text: military

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Reich

text: the

text: chance

text: to

text: strangle

text: British

text: sea

text: communications

text: which

text: might

text: have

text: had

text: strategic

text: or

text: decisive

text: effect

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

question: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?

answer: Hermann Göring

text: Hermann Göring

question: What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?

answer: strangle British sea communications

text: strangle British sea communications

question: What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over?

answer: aircraft

text: aircraft

question: Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?

answer: the Kriegsmarine

text: the Kriegsmarine


text: Another popular argument for affirmative action is the compensation argument. Blacks were mistreated in the past for a morally irrelevant characteristic of being black so society today should compensate for the injuries. This causes reverse discrimination in the form of preferential hirings, contracts, and scholarships as a means to ameliorate past wrongs. Many opponents argue that this form of reparation is morally indefensible because if blacks were harmed for being black in the past, then preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical. In addition, arguments are made that whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over. Therefore, they are being reverse discriminated against because they are receiving the punishment that should be given to people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Another

text: popular

text: argument

text: for

text: affirmative

text: action

text: is

text: the

text: compensation

text: argument

text: Blacks

text: were

text: mistreated

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: for

text: a

text: morally

text: irrelevant

text: characteristic

text: of

text: being

text: black

text: so

text: society

text: today

text: should

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: injuries

text: This

text: causes

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: preferential

text: hirings

text: contracts

text: and

text: scholarships

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: ameliorate

text: past

text: wrongs

text: Many

text: opponents

text: argue

text: that

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: reparation

text: is

text: morally

text: indefensible

text: because

text: if

text: blacks

text: were

text: harmed

text: for

text: being

text: black

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: then

text: preferential

text: treatment

text: for

text: this

text: same

text: trait

text: is

text: illogical

text: In

text: addition

text: arguments

text: are

text: made

text: that

text: whites

text: today

text: who

text: innocently

text: benefited

text: from

text: past

text: injustices

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: punished

text: for

text: something

text: they

text: had

text: no

text: control

text: over

text: Therefore

text: they

text: are

text: being

text: reverse

text: discriminated

text: against

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: receiving

text: the

text: punishment

text: that

text: should

text: be

text: given

text: to

text: people

text: who

text: willingly

text: and

text: knowingly

text: benefited

text: from

text: discriminatory

text: practices

question: What is a typical argument in favor of affirmative action?

answer: compensation argument

text: compensation argument

question: In the compensation argument, who should supposedly have to make up for past discrimination against blacks?

answer: society today should compensate for the injuries

text: society today should compensate for the injuries

question: Which argument is being made by those who oppose affirmative action in relation to the compensation argument?

answer: preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical

text: preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical

question: In terms of whites, what is an argument that is used to try and refute the benefits of affirmative action as it relates to the compensation argument?

answer: whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over

text: whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over

question: According to opposition believers, who should be punished for discrimination?

answer: people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices

text: people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices


text: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states. While it has not been fully implemented, the doctrine of incorporation has been used to ensure, through the Due Process Clause and Privileges and Immunities Clause, the application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: Fourteenth

text: Amendment

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Amendment

text: XIV

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: Civil

text: War

text: amendments

text: intended

text: to

text: secure

text: rights

text: for

text: former

text: slaves

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: due

text: process

text: and

text: equal

text: protection

text: clauses

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: amendment

text: introduces

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: incorporation

text: of

text: all

text: relevant

text: federal

text: rights

text: against

text: the

text: states

text: While

text: it

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: fully

text: implemented

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: incorporation

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: ensure

text: through

text: the

text: Due

text: Process

text: Clause

text: and

text: Privileges

text: and

text: Immunities

text: Clause

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rights

text: enumerated

text: in

text: the

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: to

text: the

text: states

question: When was the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution created?

answer: post-Civil War

text: post-Civil War

question: What was the intent of the 14th Amendment?

answer: secure rights for former slaves

text: secure rights for former slaves

question: What does the 14th Amendment also introduce the concept of?

answer: incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states

text: incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states

question: What clauses does the 14th Amendment include?

answer: due process and equal protection clauses

text: due process and equal protection clauses

question: What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to ensure?

answer: application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states

text: application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states


text: Bacterial growth follows four phases. When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to the high-nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced. The second phase of growth is the log phase, also known as the logarithmic or exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k), and the time it takes the cells to double is known as the generation time (g). During log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until one of the nutrients is depleted and starts limiting growth. The third phase of growth is the stationary phase and is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells reduce their metabolic activity and consume non-essential cellular proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to a stress response state and there is increased expression of genes involved in DNA repair, antioxidant metabolism and nutrient transport. The final phase is the death phase where the bacteria run out of nutrients and die.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Bacterial

text: growth

text: follows

text: four

text: phases

text: When

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: bacteria

text: first

text: enter

text: a

text: high

text: nutrient

text: environment

text: that

text: allows

text: growth

text: the

text: cells

text: need

text: to

text: adapt

text: to

text: their

text: new

text: environment

text: The

text: first

text: phase

text: of

text: growth

text: is

text: the

text: lag

text: phase

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: slow

text: growth

text: when

text: the

text: cells

text: are

text: adapting

text: to

text: the

text: high

text: nutrient

text: environment

text: and

text: preparing

text: for

text: fast

text: growth

text: The

text: lag

text: phase

text: has

text: high

text: biosynthesis

text: rates

text: as

text: proteins

text: necessary

text: for

text: rapid

text: growth

text: are

text: produced

text: The

text: second

text: phase

text: of

text: growth

text: is

text: the

text: log

text: phase

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: logarithmic

text: or

text: exponential

text: phase

text: The

text: log

text: phase

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: rapid

text: exponential

text: growth

text: The

text: rate

text: at

text: which

text: cells

text: grow

text: during

text: this

text: phase

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: growth

text: rate

text: k

text: and

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: takes

text: the

text: cells

text: to

text: double

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: generation

text: time

text: g

text: During

text: log

text: phase

text: nutrients

text: are

text: metabolised

text: at

text: maximum

text: speed

text: until

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nutrients

text: is

text: depleted

text: and

text: starts

text: limiting

text: growth

text: The

text: third

text: phase

text: of

text: growth

text: is

text: the

text: stationary

text: phase

text: and

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: depleted

text: nutrients

text: The

text: cells

text: reduce

text: their

text: metabolic

text: activity

text: and

text: consume

text: non

text: essential

text: cellular

text: proteins

text: The

text: stationary

text: phase

text: is

text: a

text: transition

text: from

text: rapid

text: growth

text: to

text: a

text: stress

text: response

text: state

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: increased

text: expression

text: of

text: genes

text: involved

text: in

text: DNA

text: repair

text: antioxidant

text: metabolism

text: and

text: nutrient

text: transport

text: The

text: final

text: phase

text: is

text: the

text: death

text: phase

text: where

text: the

text: bacteria

text: run

text: out

text: of

text: nutrients

text: and

text: die

question: What is the first stage of bacteria adaptation?

answer: lag phase

text: lag phase

question: What is the second phase of bacteria growth known for?

answer: rapid exponential growth

text: rapid exponential growth

question: The absence of what causes the last stage of bacteria growth?

answer: nutrients

text: nutrients

question: What is called the third statge of growth of bacteria?

answer: stationary phase

text: stationary phase

question: How many phase are in the growth of bacteria?

answer: four phases

text: four phases


text: Milton Winternitz led the Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department, and built numerous new buildings. Progress toward his plans for an Institute of Human Relations, envisioned as a refuge where social scientists would collaborate with biological scientists in a holistic study of humankind, unfortunately lasted for only a few years before the opposition of resentful anti-Semitic colleagues drove him to resign.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Milton

text: Winternitz

text: led

text: the

text: Yale

text: Medical

text: School

text: as

text: its

text: dean

text: from

text: to

text: Dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: scientific

text: medicine

text: established

text: in

text: Germany

text: he

text: was

text: equally

text: fervent

text: about

text: social

text: medicine

text: and

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: humans

text: in

text: their

text: culture

text: and

text: environment

text: He

text: established

text: the

text: Yale

text: System

text: of

text: teaching

text: with

text: few

text: lectures

text: and

text: fewer

text: exams

text: and

text: strengthened

text: the

text: full

text: time

text: faculty

text: system

text: he

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: graduate

text: level

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Nursing

text: and

text: the

text: Psychiatry

text: Department

text: and

text: built

text: numerous

text: new

text: buildings

text: Progress

text: toward

text: his

text: plans

text: for

text: an

text: Institute

text: of

text: Human

text: Relations

text: envisioned

text: as

text: a

text: refuge

text: where

text: social

text: scientists

text: would

text: collaborate

text: with

text: biological

text: scientists

text: in

text: a

text: holistic

text: study

text: of

text: humankind

text: unfortunately

text: lasted

text: for

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: opposition

text: of

text: resentful

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: colleagues

text: drove

text: him

text: to

text: resign

question: Who was dean of Yale Medical School from 1920 to 1935?

answer: Milton Winternitz

text: Milton Winternitz

question: What was the driving force behind Milton Winternitz's research?

answer: social medicine

text: social medicine

question: What teaching style did Milton Winternitz develop?

answer: Yale System

text: Yale System

question: What is the Yale System?

answer: few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system

text: few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system

question: What programs did Milton Winternitz create?

answer: graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department

text: graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department


text: Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: Dravidian

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Telugu

text: Tamil

text: Malayalam

text: and

text: Kannada

text: have

text: a

text: distinction

text: between

text: voiced

text: and

text: voiceless

text: aspirated

text: and

text: unaspirated

text: only

text: in

text: loanwords

text: from

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: In

text: native

text: Dravidian

text: words

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: distinction

text: between

text: these

text: categories

text: and

text: stops

text: are

text: underspecified

text: for

text: voicing

text: and

text: aspiration

question: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?

answer: Dravidian

text: Dravidian

question: What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?

answer: native Dravidian words

text: native Dravidian words


text: In Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He begins to define time by what it is not rather than what it is, an approach similar to that taken in other negative definitions. However, Augustine ends up calling time a “distention” of the mind (Confessions 11.26) by which we simultaneously grasp the past in memory, the present by attention, and the future by expectation.

title: Time

title: Time

text: In

text: Book

text: of

text: his

text: Confessions

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: of

text: Hippo

text: ruminates

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: time

text: asking

text: What

text: then

text: is

text: time

text: If

text: no

text: one

text: asks

text: me

text: I

text: know

text: if

text: I

text: wish

text: to

text: explain

text: it

text: to

text: one

text: that

text: asketh

text: I

text: know

text: not

text: He

text: begins

text: to

text: define

text: time

text: by

text: what

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: rather

text: than

text: what

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: approach

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: taken

text: in

text: other

text: negative

text: definitions

text: However

text: Augustine

text: ends

text: up

text: calling

text: time

text: a

text: distention

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: Confessions

text: by

text: which

text: we

text: simultaneously

text: grasp

text: the

text: past

text: in

text: memory

text: the

text: present

text: by

text: attention

text: and

text: the

text: future

text: by

text: expectation

question: Who commented on the nature of time in Book 11 of his confessions?

answer: St. Augustine of Hippo

text: St. Augustine of Hippo

question: By what does St. Augustine of Hippo begin to define time?

answer: by what it is not rather than what it is

text: by what it is not rather than what it is

question: What does Augustine call time in Confessions 11.26?

answer: a “distention” of the mind

text: a “distention” of the mind


text: Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Other museums include the City Museum of Nanjing in the Chaotian Palace, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum, the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum, Nanjing Yunjin Museum, Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House, Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such Zheng He Memorial, Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: has

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: finest

text: museums

text: in

text: China

text: Nanjing

text: Museum

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: National

text: Central

text: Museum

text: during

text: ROC

text: period

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: museum

text: and

text: remains

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: museums

text: in

text: China

text: having

text: items

text: in

text: its

text: permanent

text: collection

text: The

text: museum

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: enormous

text: collections

text: of

text: Ming

text: and

text: Qing

text: imperial

text: porcelain

text: which

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Other

text: museums

text: include

text: the

text: City

text: Museum

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: in

text: the

text: Chaotian

text: Palace

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Metropolitan

text: Museum

text: the

text: China

text: Modern

text: History

text: Museum

text: in

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Palace

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: Massacre

text: Memorial

text: Hall

text: the

text: Taiping

text: Kingdom

text: History

text: Museum

text: Jiangning

text: Imperial

text: Silk

text: Manufacturing

text: Museum

text: Nanjing

text: Yunjin

text: Museum

text: Nanjing

text: City

text: Wall

text: Cultural

text: Museum

text: Nanjing

text: Customs

text: Museum

text: in

text: Ganxi

text: House

text: Nanjing

text: Astronomical

text: History

text: Museum

text: Nanjing

text: Paleontological

text: Museum

text: Nanjing

text: Geological

text: Museum

text: Nanjing

text: Riverstones

text: Museum

text: and

text: other

text: museums

text: and

text: memorials

text: such

text: Zheng

text: He

text: Memorial

text: Jinling

text: Four

text: Modern

text: Calligraphers

text: Memorial

question: What city contains some of the finest and oldest museums in all of China?

answer: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

question: What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum?

answer: National Central Museum

text: National Central Museum

question: Which museum was the first modern one in China?

answer: Nanjing Museum

text: Nanjing Museum

question: What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for?

answer: Ming and Qing imperial porcelain

text: Ming and Qing imperial porcelain

question: How many items does the Nanjing Museum contain?

answer: 400,000 items

text: 400,000 items


text: In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought to the Americas, they were often combined with other groups from West Africa, and individual ethnic affiliations were not generally acknowledged by English colonists. In areas of the Upper South, different ethnic groups were brought together. This is significant as the captives came from a vast geographic region: the West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast such as Mozambique. A new African-American identity and culture was born that incorporated elements of the various ethnic groups and of European cultural heritage, resulting in fusions such as the Black church and Black English. This new identity was based on provenance and slave status rather than membership in any one ethnic group.[citation needed] By contrast, slave records from Louisiana show that the French and Spanish colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans, including ethnicities and given tribal names.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: that

text: black

text: people

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: they

text: primarily

text: identified

text: themselves

text: by

text: their

text: specific

text: ethnic

text: group

text: closely

text: allied

text: to

text: language

text: and

text: not

text: by

text: skin

text: color

text: Individuals

text: identified

text: themselves

text: for

text: example

text: as

text: Ashanti

text: Igbo

text: Bakongo

text: or

text: Wolof

text: However

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: captives

text: were

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: they

text: were

text: often

text: combined

text: with

text: other

text: groups

text: from

text: West

text: Africa

text: and

text: individual

text: ethnic

text: affiliations

text: were

text: not

text: generally

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: English

text: colonists

text: In

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Upper

text: South

text: different

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: were

text: brought

text: together

text: This

text: is

text: significant

text: as

text: the

text: captives

text: came

text: from

text: a

text: vast

text: geographic

text: region

text: the

text: West

text: African

text: coastline

text: stretching

text: from

text: Senegal

text: to

text: Angola

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: such

text: as

text: Mozambique

text: A

text: new

text: African

text: American

text: identity

text: and

text: culture

text: was

text: born

text: that

text: incorporated

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: and

text: of

text: European

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: resulting

text: in

text: fusions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Black

text: church

text: and

text: Black

text: English

text: This

text: new

text: identity

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: provenance

text: and

text: slave

text: status

text: rather

text: than

text: membership

text: in

text: any

text: one

text: ethnic

text: group.[citation

text: needed

text: By

text: contrast

text: slave

text: records

text: from

text: Louisiana

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Spanish

text: colonists

text: recorded

text: more

text: complete

text: identities

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Africans

text: including

text: ethnicities

text: and

text: given

text: tribal

text: names

question: How did black people identify in early America?

answer: by their specific ethnic group

text: by their specific ethnic group

question: What was not acknowledged by English colonists?

answer: individual ethnic affiliations

text: individual ethnic affiliations

question: How vast was the backgrounds of the captives?

answer: West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast

text: West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast

question: How was the new African American identity defined?

answer: This new identity was based on provenance and slave status

text: This new identity was based on provenance and slave status

question: Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?

answer: French and Spanish colonists

text: French and Spanish colonists


text: All animals have eukaryotic cells, surrounded by a characteristic extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins. This may be calcified to form structures like shells, bones, and spicules. During development, it forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reorganized, making complex structures possible. In contrast, other multicellular organisms, like plants and fungi, have cells held in place by cell walls, and so develop by progressive growth. Also, unique to animal cells are the following intercellular junctions: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: All

text: animals

text: have

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: characteristic

text: extracellular

text: matrix

text: composed

text: of

text: collagen

text: and

text: elastic

text: glycoproteins

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: calcified

text: to

text: form

text: structures

text: like

text: shells

text: bones

text: and

text: spicules

text: During

text: development

text: it

text: forms

text: a

text: relatively

text: flexible

text: framework

text: upon

text: which

text: cells

text: can

text: move

text: about

text: and

text: be

text: reorganized

text: making

text: complex

text: structures

text: possible

text: In

text: contrast

text: other

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: like

text: plants

text: and

text: fungi

text: have

text: cells

text: held

text: in

text: place

text: by

text: cell

text: walls

text: and

text: so

text: develop

text: by

text: progressive

text: growth

text: Also

text: unique

text: to

text: animal

text: cells

text: are

text: the

text: following

text: intercellular

text: junctions

text: tight

text: junctions

text: gap

text: junctions

text: and

text: desmosomes

question: What type of cells do all animals have?

answer: eukaryotic

text: eukaryotic

question: What is the extracellular matrix surrounding eukaryotic cells made of?

answer: collagen and elastic glycoproteins

text: collagen and elastic glycoproteins

question: What is formed when the collagen and elastic glycoproteins surrounding eukaryotic cells are calcified?

answer: shells, bones, and spicules

text: shells, bones, and spicules

question: What are the intercellular junctions unique to animal cells?

answer: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

text: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

question: How are cells held in place in plants and fungi?

answer: cell walls

text: cell walls


text: Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Burdened

text: with

text: debt

text: in

text: Vivendi

text: Universal

text: sold

text: of

text: Vivendi

text: Universal

text: Entertainment

text: including

text: the

text: studio

text: and

text: theme

text: parks

text: to

text: General

text: Electric

text: parent

text: of

text: NBC

text: The

text: resulting

text: media

text: super

text: conglomerate

text: was

text: renamed

text: NBCUniversal

text: while

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: Inc.

text: remained

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: production

text: subsidiary

text: After

text: that

text: deal

text: GE

text: owned

text: of

text: NBC

text: Universal

text: Vivendi

text: held

text: the

text: remaining

text: with

text: an

text: option

text: to

text: sell

text: its

text: share

text: in

text: GE

text: purchased

text: Vivendi

text: 's

text: share

text: in

text: NBCU

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: turn

text: sold

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: to

text: cable

text: provider

text: Comcast

text: Comcast

text: merged

text: the

text: former

text: GE

text: subsidiary

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: cable

text: television

text: programming

text: assets

text: creating

text: the

text: current

text: NBCUniversal

text: Following

text: Federal

text: Communications

text: Commission

text: FCC

text: approval

text: the

text: Comcast

text: GE

text: deal

text: was

text: closed

text: on

text: Jan

text: In

text: March

text: Comcast

text: bought

text: the

text: remaining

text: of

text: NBCUniversal

text: for

text: billion

question: Who bought 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment in 2004?

answer: General Electric

text: General Electric

question: What percentage of NBC Universal was owned by Vivendi until 2011?

answer: 20%

question: Who bought 51% of NBC Universal in 2011?

answer: Comcast

text: Comcast

question: In what month and year did Comcast buy 49% of NBCUniversal?

answer: March 2013

text: March 2013

question: How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?

answer: $16.7 billion

text: $16.7 billion


text: At extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency called Clearance Delivery which is used by departing aircraft specifically for this purpose. This then allows aircraft to take the most direct approach path to the runway and land without worrying about interference from other aircraft. While this system keeps the airspace free and is simpler for pilots, it requires detailed knowledge of how aircraft are planning to use the airport ahead of time and is therefore only possible with large commercial airliners on pre-scheduled flights. The system has recently become so advanced that controllers can predict whether an aircraft will be delayed on landing before it even takes off; that aircraft can then be delayed on the ground, rather than wasting expensive fuel waiting in the air.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: At

text: extremely

text: large

text: airports

text: a

text: circuit

text: is

text: in

text: place

text: but

text: not

text: usually

text: used

text: Rather

text: aircraft

text: usually

text: only

text: commercial

text: with

text: long

text: routes

text: request

text: approach

text: clearance

text: while

text: they

text: are

text: still

text: hours

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: airport

text: often

text: before

text: they

text: even

text: take

text: off

text: from

text: their

text: departure

text: point

text: Large

text: airports

text: have

text: a

text: frequency

text: called

text: Clearance

text: Delivery

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: departing

text: aircraft

text: specifically

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: This

text: then

text: allows

text: aircraft

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: most

text: direct

text: approach

text: path

text: to

text: the

text: runway

text: and

text: land

text: without

text: worrying

text: about

text: interference

text: from

text: other

text: aircraft

text: While

text: this

text: system

text: keeps

text: the

text: airspace

text: free

text: and

text: is

text: simpler

text: for

text: pilots

text: it

text: requires

text: detailed

text: knowledge

text: of

text: how

text: aircraft

text: are

text: planning

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: airport

text: ahead

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: only

text: possible

text: with

text: large

text: commercial

text: airliners

text: on

text: pre

text: scheduled

text: flights

text: The

text: system

text: has

text: recently

text: become

text: so

text: advanced

text: that

text: controllers

text: can

text: predict

text: whether

text: an

text: aircraft

text: will

text: be

text: delayed

text: on

text: landing

text: before

text: it

text: even

text: takes

text: off

text: that

text: aircraft

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: delayed

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: rather

text: than

text: wasting

text: expensive

text: fuel

text: waiting

text: in

text: the

text: air

question: At an extremely large airport, what is in place but not usually used?

answer: a circuit

text: a circuit

question: What is the frequency called that is used by departing aircraft for the purpose of requesting approach clearance?

answer: Clearance Delivery

text: Clearance Delivery

question: Which aircraft request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport?

answer: commercial with long routes

text: commercial with long routes


text: The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: The

text: Baylor

text: College

text: of

text: Medicine

text: has

text: annually

text: been

text: considered

text: within

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: medical

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: likewise

text: the

text: MD

text: Anderson

text: Cancer

text: Center

text: has

text: consistently

text: ranked

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: two

text: U.S.

text: hospitals

text: specializing

text: in

text: cancer

text: care

text: by

text: U.S.

text: News

text: World

text: Report

text: since

text: The

text: Menninger

text: Clinic

text: a

text: renowned

text: psychiatric

text: treatment

text: center

text: is

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Baylor

text: College

text: of

text: Medicine

text: and

text: The

text: Methodist

text: Hospital

text: System

text: With

text: hospital

text: locations

text: nationwide

text: and

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Houston

text: the

text: Triumph

text: Healthcare

text: hospital

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: long

text: term

text: acute

text: care

text: provider

text: nationally

question: What Houston medical school ranks in the top ten U.S. medical schools?

answer: Baylor College of Medicine

text: Baylor College of Medicine

question: How does MD Anderson Cancer Center rank in US hospitals dealing with cancer care?

answer: one of the top two

text: one of the top two

question: What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic offer?

answer: psychiatric

text: psychiatric

question: What is the third largest acute care center in the U.S.?

answer: Triumph Healthcare

text: Triumph Healthcare

question: Where is the Triumph Healthcare hospital headquartered?

answer: Houston

text: Houston


text: Beginning with the 2003 season, the AFL made a deal with NBC to televise league games, which was renewed for another two years in 2005. In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past. In 2006, because of the XX Winter Olympic Games, the Stanley Cup playoffs and the Daytona 500, NBC scaled back from weekly coverage to scattered coverage during the regular season, but committed to a full playoff schedule ending with the 20th ArenaBowl. NBC and the Arena Football League officially severed ties on June 30, 2006, having failed to reach a new broadcast deal. Las Vegas owner Jim Ferraro stated during a radio interview that the reason why a deal failed is because ESPN refused to show highlights or even mention a product being broadcast on NBC.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: Beginning

text: with

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: AFL

text: made

text: a

text: deal

text: with

text: NBC

text: to

text: televise

text: league

text: games

text: which

text: was

text: renewed

text: for

text: another

text: two

text: years

text: in

text: In

text: conjunction

text: with

text: this

text: the

text: league

text: moved

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: February

text: the

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: NFL

text: 's

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: and

text: scheduled

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: games

text: on

text: Sunday

text: instead

text: of

text: Friday

text: or

text: Saturday

text: as

text: it

text: had

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: In

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: XX

text: Winter

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: the

text: Stanley

text: Cup

text: playoffs

text: and

text: the

text: Daytona

text: NBC

text: scaled

text: back

text: from

text: weekly

text: coverage

text: to

text: scattered

text: coverage

text: during

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: but

text: committed

text: to

text: a

text: full

text: playoff

text: schedule

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: ArenaBowl

text: NBC

text: and

text: the

text: Arena

text: Football

text: League

text: officially

text: severed

text: ties

text: on

text: June

text: having

text: failed

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: new

text: broadcast

text: deal

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: owner

text: Jim

text: Ferraro

text: stated

text: during

text: a

text: radio

text: interview

text: that

text: the

text: reason

text: why

text: a

text: deal

text: failed

text: is

text: because

text: ESPN

text: refused

text: to

text: show

text: highlights

text: or

text: even

text: mention

text: a

text: product

text: being

text: broadcast

text: on

text: NBC

question: In what month did the AFL season originally begin?

answer: May

text: May

question: After the TV deal, when was the start of the AFL season moved to?

answer: February

text: February

question: What days were AFL games traditionally played on before the TV deal?

answer: Friday or Saturday

text: Friday or Saturday

question: When were most of the AFL's games played after the TV deal?

answer: Sunday

text: Sunday

question: On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end?

answer: June 30, 2006

text: June 30, 2006


text: Available modes of transport are by road, sea and air. Of the 10,663 km (6,626 mi) of roads in the Republic of Cyprus in 1998, 6,249 km (3,883 mi) were paved, and 4,414 km (2,743 mi) were unpaved. In 1996 the Turkish-occupied area had a similar ratio of paved to unpaved, with approximately 1,370 km (850 mi) of paved road and 980 km (610 mi) unpaved.[citation needed] Cyprus is one of only four EU nations in which vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road, a remnant of British colonisation (the others being Ireland, Malta and the United Kingdom). A series of motorways runs along the coast from Paphos east to Ayia Napa, with two motorways running inland to Nicosia, one from Limassol and one from Larnaca.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Available

text: modes

text: of

text: transport

text: are

text: by

text: road

text: sea

text: and

text: air

text: Of

text: the

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: roads

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: in

text: km

text: mi

text: were

text: paved

text: and

text: km

text: mi

text: were

text: unpaved

text: In

text: the

text: Turkish

text: occupied

text: area

text: had

text: a

text: similar

text: ratio

text: of

text: paved

text: to

text: unpaved

text: with

text: approximately

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: paved

text: road

text: and

text: km

text: mi

text: unpaved.[citation

text: needed

text: Cyprus

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: four

text: EU

text: nations

text: in

text: which

text: vehicles

text: drive

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: road

text: a

text: remnant

text: of

text: British

text: colonisation

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: Ireland

text: Malta

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: motorways

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: from

text: Paphos

text: east

text: to

text: Ayia

text: Napa

text: with

text: two

text: motorways

text: running

text: inland

text: to

text: Nicosia

text: one

text: from

text: Limassol

text: and

text: one

text: from

text: Larnaca

question: What are the three modes of transport available on Cyprus?

answer: road, sea and air

text: road, sea and air

question: How many miles of roads are paved on Cyprus?

answer: 6,249 km (3,883 mi)

text: 6,249 km (3,883 mi)

question: How many miles of roads are unpaved on Cyprus?

answer: 4,414 km (2,743 mi)

text: 4,414 km (2,743 mi)

question: Which side of the road do vehicles on Cyprus drive on?

answer: left-hand

text: left-hand


text: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: Giselle

text: Knowles

text: Carter

text: /biːˈjɒnseɪ/

text: bee

text: YON

text: say

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: actress

text: Born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: she

text: performed

text: in

text: various

text: singing

text: and

text: dancing

text: competitions

text: as

text: a

text: child

text: and

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: as

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: R&B

text: girl

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: Managed

text: by

text: her

text: father

text: Mathew

text: Knowles

text: the

text: group

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: girl

text: groups

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Their

text: hiatus

text: saw

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: which

text: established

text: her

text: as

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: worldwide

text: earned

text: five

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: and

text: featured

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: and

text: Baby

text: Boy

question: When did Beyonce start becoming popular?

answer: in the late 1990s

text: in the late 1990s

question: What areas did Beyonce compete in when she was growing up?

answer: singing and dancing

text: singing and dancing

question: When did Beyonce leave Destiny's Child and become a solo singer?

answer: 2003

question: In what city and state did Beyonce  grow up?

answer: Houston, Texas

text: Houston, Texas

question: In which decade did Beyonce become famous?

answer: late 1990s

text: late 1990s

question: In what R&B group was she the lead singer?

answer: Destiny's Child

text: Destiny's Child

question: What album made her a worldwide known artist?

answer: Dangerously in Love

text: Dangerously in Love

question: Who managed the Destiny's Child group?

answer: Mathew Knowles

text: Mathew Knowles

question: In what city did Beyonce grow up?

answer: Houston

text: Houston

question: What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album?

answer: Dangerously in Love

text: Dangerously in Love

question: On what date was Beyonce born?

answer: September 4, 1981

text: September 4, 1981

question: What is Beyonce's full name?

answer: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter

text: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter

question: When did Beyoncé rise to fame?

answer: late 1990s

text: late 1990s

question: What role did Beyoncé have in Destiny's Child?

answer: lead singer

text: lead singer

question: What was the first album Beyoncé released as a solo artist?

answer: Dangerously in Love

text: Dangerously in Love

question: When did Beyoncé release Dangerously in Love?

answer: 2003

question: How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win for her first solo album?

answer: five

text: five

question: What was Beyoncé's role in Destiny's Child?

answer: lead singer

text: lead singer

question: What was the name of Beyoncé's first solo album?

answer: Dangerously in Love

text: Dangerously in Love

question: When did Beyoncé release her first solo album?

answer: 2003


text: Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg).

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: Starting

text: in

text: Hauptschulen

text: were

text: merged

text: with

text: Realschulen

text: and

text: Gesamtschulen

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: new

text: type

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: school

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: States

text: of

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Hamburg

text: called

text: Stadtteilschule

text: in

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: Sekundarschule

text: in

text: Berlin

text: see

text: Education

text: in

text: Berlin

text: Education

text: in

text: Hamburg

question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?

answer: Stadtteilschule

text: Stadtteilschule

question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlin?

answer: Sekundarschule

text: Sekundarschule

question: In what school year were Hauptschulen first combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?

answer: 2010/2011