text: The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings. The US was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden. Only a few US cities retained DST locally thereafter, including New York so that its financial exchanges could maintain an hour of arbitrage trading with London, and Chicago and Cleveland to keep pace with New York. Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding opposed DST as a "deception". Reasoning that people should instead get up and go to work earlier in the summer, he ordered District of Columbia federal employees to start work at 08:00 rather than 09:00 during summer 1922. Some businesses followed suit though many others did not; the experiment was not repeated.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: war

text: 's

text: end

text: swung

text: the

text: pendulum

text: back

text: Farmers

text: continued

text: to

text: dislike

text: DST

text: and

text: many

text: countries

text: repealed

text: it

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: Britain

text: was

text: an

text: exception

text: it

text: retained

text: DST

text: nationwide

text: but

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: adjusted

text: transition

text: dates

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

text: including

text: special

text: rules

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: to

text: avoid

text: clock

text: shifts

text: on

text: Easter

text: mornings

text: The

text: US

text: was

text: more

text: typical

text: Congress

text: repealed

text: DST

text: after

text: President

text: Woodrow

text: Wilson

text: like

text: Willett

text: an

text: avid

text: golfer

text: vetoed

text: the

text: repeal

text: twice

text: but

text: his

text: second

text: veto

text: was

text: overridden

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: US

text: cities

text: retained

text: DST

text: locally

text: thereafter

text: including

text: New

text: York

text: so

text: that

text: its

text: financial

text: exchanges

text: could

text: maintain

text: an

text: hour

text: of

text: arbitrage

text: trading

text: with

text: London

text: and

text: Chicago

text: and

text: Cleveland

text: to

text: keep

text: pace

text: with

text: New

text: York

text: Wilson

text: 's

text: successor

text: Warren

text: G.

text: Harding

text: opposed

text: DST

text: as

text: a

text: deception

text: Reasoning

text: that

text: people

text: should

text: instead

text: get

text: up

text: and

text: go

text: to

text: work

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: he

text: ordered

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: federal

text: employees

text: to

text: start

text: work

text: at

text: rather

text: than

text: during

text: summer

text: Some

text: businesses

text: followed

text: suit

text: though

text: many

text: others

text: did

text: not

text: the

text: experiment

text: was

text: not

text: repeated

question: Which country continued to observe DST nationwide despite the fact that the war had ended?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: What spring holiday did Britain adjust its DST schedule around?

answer: Easter

text: Easter

question: After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.?

answer: 1919

question: What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST?

answer: golf

text: golf

question: What U.S. city kept observing DST to stay in sync with London, leading Chicago and Cleveland to follow along?

answer: New York

text: New York


text: Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created. The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Later

text: chapters

text: provide

text: evidence

text: that

text: evolution

text: has

text: occurred

text: supporting

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: branching

text: adaptive

text: evolution

text: without

text: directly

text: proving

text: that

text: selection

text: is

text: the

text: mechanism

text: Darwin

text: presents

text: supporting

text: facts

text: drawn

text: from

text: many

text: disciplines

text: showing

text: that

text: his

text: theory

text: could

text: explain

text: a

text: myriad

text: of

text: observations

text: from

text: many

text: fields

text: of

text: natural

text: history

text: that

text: were

text: inexplicable

text: under

text: the

text: alternate

text: concept

text: that

text: species

text: had

text: been

text: individually

text: created

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: argument

text: showed

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: John

text: Herschel

text: whose

text: philosophy

text: of

text: science

text: maintained

text: that

text: a

text: mechanism

text: could

text: be

text: called

text: a

text: vera

text: causa

text: true

text: cause

text: if

text: three

text: things

text: could

text: be

text: demonstrated

text: its

text: existence

text: in

text: nature

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: interest

text: and

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: explain

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: observations

question: What does Darwin do to show that his theory can support many theories that could not be explained by individual creation of species?

answer: Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines

text: Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines

question: Whose scientific philosophy argued that a mechanism could be called a vera causa if three things could be shown as true?

answer: John Herschel

text: John Herschel

question: What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause?

answer: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations

text: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations


text: Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Through

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: reign

text: the

text: gradual

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Britain

text: continued

text: Reforms

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: system

text: increased

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: and

text: the

text: monarch

text: In

text: Walter

text: Bagehot

text: wrote

text: that

text: the

text: monarch

text: only

text: retained

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: be

text: consulted

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: encourage

text: and

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: warn

text: As

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: monarchy

text: became

text: more

text: symbolic

text: than

text: political

text: it

text: placed

text: a

text: strong

text: emphasis

text: on

text: morality

text: and

text: family

text: values

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: sexual

text: financial

text: and

text: personal

text: scandals

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: previous

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: and

text: which

text: had

text: discredited

text: the

text: monarchy

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: monarchy

text: with

text: which

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: middle

text: classes

text: could

text: identify

text: was

text: solidified

question: What kind of monarchy was formed under Queen Victoria?

answer: modern constitutional monarchy

text: modern constitutional monarchy

question: Reforms to what system increased the power of the house fo commons?

answer: the voting system

text: the voting system

question: As Victorias rule became less polital, what values were emphasized?

answer: morality and family values

text: morality and family values

question: What type of monarchy was established as time went on in Victorias rule?

answer: family monarchy

text: family monarchy

question: How did the reforms of Britains voting system affect the House of Commons?

answer: increased the power

text: increased the power

question: What was most important as the monarchy under Queen Victoria shifted from political to symbolic?

answer: emphasis on morality and family values

text: emphasis on morality and family values

question: What idea was solidified to which the increasing middle classes in Britain could identify with?

answer: family monarchy

text: family monarchy

question: What was Queen Victoria's reign considered?

answer: modern constitutional monarchy

text: modern constitutional monarchy

question: What kind of government was Victoria's reign leaning towards?

answer: modern constitutional monarchy

text: modern constitutional monarchy

question: What increased the power in the House of Commons?

answer: Reforms of the voting system

text: Reforms of the voting system

question: Who paid the price for the reforms of the voting system?

answer: House of Lords and the monarch

text: House of Lords and the monarch

question: Rather than political, what was Victoria's monarchy seen as?

answer: symbolic

text: symbolic

question: What was a monarchy that the more middle clas could get behind and support?

answer: family

text: family


text: Dreyfus writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434, several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th Dalai Lama's effective hegemony over Tibet.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Dreyfus

text: writes

text: that

text: after

text: the

text: Phagmodrupa

text: lost

text: its

text: centralizing

text: power

text: over

text: Tibet

text: in

text: several

text: attempts

text: by

text: other

text: families

text: to

text: establish

text: hegemonies

text: failed

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: centuries

text: until

text: with

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: 's

text: effective

text: hegemony

text: over

text: Tibet

question: Who lost their power over Tibet?

answer: the Phagmodrupa

text: the Phagmodrupa

question: What year did the Phagmodrupa lose their power over Tibet?

answer: 1434

question: What year did the 5th Dalai lama start to dominate over Tibet?

answer: 1642

question: What did the other families fail to establish?

answer: hegemonies

text: hegemonies


text: Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools, such as drills, sanders, circular and jig saws, where the motor's characteristics work well. Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Whereas

text: SCIMs

text: can

text: not

text: turn

text: a

text: shaft

text: faster

text: than

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: power

text: line

text: frequency

text: universal

text: motors

text: can

text: run

text: at

text: much

text: higher

text: speeds

text: This

text: makes

text: them

text: useful

text: for

text: appliances

text: such

text: as

text: blenders

text: vacuum

text: cleaners

text: and

text: hair

text: dryers

text: where

text: high

text: speed

text: and

text: light

text: weight

text: are

text: desirable

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: portable

text: power

text: tools

text: such

text: as

text: drills

text: sanders

text: circular

text: and

text: jig

text: saws

text: where

text: the

text: motor

text: 's

text: characteristics

text: work

text: well

text: Many

text: vacuum

text: cleaner

text: and

text: weed

text: trimmer

text: motors

text: exceed

text: rpm

text: while

text: many

text: similar

text: miniature

text: grinders

text: exceed

text: rpm

question: At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate?

answer: 10,000

question: At around what RMP do miniature grinders operate?

answer: 30,000

question: What type of motor can universal motors operate much faster than?

answer: SCIMs

text: SCIMs

question: What attributes make universal motors desireable for consumer applications like hair dryers?

answer: high speed and light weight

text: high speed and light weight


text: President Abraham Lincoln visited General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, and took a launch to Richmond the next day, while Jefferson Davis attempted to organize his Confederate government at Danville. Lincoln met Confederate assistant secretary of War John A. Campbell, and handed him a note inviting Virginia's legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the Confederate state legislature from meeting. Union forces killed, wounded or captured 8000 Confederate troops at Saylor's Creek southwest of Petersburg on April 6. General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender suggestion until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry appeared in front of his retreating army on April 8. He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning. Jefferson Davis retreated to North Carolina, then further south. when Lincoln rejected the surrender terms negotiated by general Sherman and envoys of North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance, which failed to mention slavery. Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: President

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: visited

text: General

text: Grant

text: at

text: Petersburg

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: took

text: a

text: launch

text: to

text: Richmond

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: while

text: Jefferson

text: Davis

text: attempted

text: to

text: organize

text: his

text: Confederate

text: government

text: at

text: Danville

text: Lincoln

text: met

text: Confederate

text: assistant

text: secretary

text: of

text: War

text: John

text: A.

text: Campbell

text: and

text: handed

text: him

text: a

text: note

text: inviting

text: Virginia

text: 's

text: legislature

text: to

text: end

text: their

text: rebellion

text: After

text: Campbell

text: spun

text: the

text: note

text: to

text: Confederate

text: legislators

text: as

text: a

text: possible

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: Emancipation

text: Proclamation

text: Lincoln

text: rescinded

text: his

text: offer

text: and

text: ordered

text: General

text: Weitzel

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: Confederate

text: state

text: legislature

text: from

text: meeting

text: Union

text: forces

text: killed

text: wounded

text: or

text: captured

text: Confederate

text: troops

text: at

text: Saylor

text: 's

text: Creek

text: southwest

text: of

text: Petersburg

text: on

text: April

text: General

text: Lee

text: continued

text: to

text: reject

text: General

text: Grant

text: 's

text: surrender

text: suggestion

text: until

text: Sheridan

text: 's

text: infantry

text: and

text: cavalry

text: appeared

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: his

text: retreating

text: army

text: on

text: April

text: He

text: surrendered

text: his

text: remaining

text: approximately

text: troops

text: at

text: Appomattox

text: Court

text: House

text: the

text: following

text: morning

text: Jefferson

text: Davis

text: retreated

text: to

text: North

text: Carolina

text: then

text: further

text: south

text: when

text: Lincoln

text: rejected

text: the

text: surrender

text: terms

text: negotiated

text: by

text: general

text: Sherman

text: and

text: envoys

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: governor

text: Zebulon

text: Vance

text: which

text: failed

text: to

text: mention

text: slavery

text: Davis

text: was

text: captured

text: on

text: May

text: near

text: Irwinville

text: Georgia

text: and

text: taken

text: back

text: to

text: Virginia

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: charged

text: with

text: treason

text: and

text: imprisoned

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: at

text: Fort

text: Monroe

text: until

text: freed

text: on

text: bail

question: What was the date before the day Lincoln entered Richmond?

answer: April 3

text: April 3

question: How many soldiers did Lee have remaining when he surrendered?

answer: 10000

question: To what state did Davis travel after Lee surrendered?

answer: North Carolina

text: North Carolina

question: In what structure did Lee surrender to Grant?

answer: Appomattox Court House

text: Appomattox Court House

question: How many years did Davis spend in Fort Monroe?

answer: two

text: two


text: Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor degress. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Since

text: the

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: been

text: applied

text: to

text: some

text: technically

text: minded

text: technical

text: and

text: further

text: education

text: TAFE

text: institutes

text: A

text: recent

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Polytechnic

text: rebranding

text: and

text: repositioning

text: in

text: from

text: Northern

text: Melbourne

text: Institute

text: of

text: TAFE

text: These

text: primarily

text: offer

text: vocational

text: education

text: although

text: some

text: like

text: Melbourne

text: Polytechnic

text: are

text: expanding

text: into

text: higher

text: education

text: offering

text: vocationally

text: oriented

text: applied

text: bachelor

text: degress

text: This

text: usage

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: most

text: prevalent

text: historically

text: in

text: NSW

text: and

text: the

text: ACT

text: The

text: new

text: terminology

text: is

text: apt

text: given

text: that

text: this

text: category

text: of

text: institution

text: are

text: becoming

text: very

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: institutes

text: of

text: the

text: period

question: What's the four-letter abbreviation for technically minded technical and further education institutes?

answer: TAFE

text: TAFE

question: What is the new name of the Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE?

answer: Melbourne Polytechnic

text: Melbourne Polytechnic


text: Studies conducted on both animals and humans show major bidirectional relationships between the circadian system and abusive drugs. It is indicated that these abusive drugs affect the central circadian pacemaker. Individuals suffering from substance abuse display disrupted rhythms. These disrupted rhythms can increase the risk for substance abuse and relapse. It is possible that genetic and/or environmental disturbances to the normal sleep and wake cycle can increase the susceptibility to addiction.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Studies

text: conducted

text: on

text: both

text: animals

text: and

text: humans

text: show

text: major

text: bidirectional

text: relationships

text: between

text: the

text: circadian

text: system

text: and

text: abusive

text: drugs

text: It

text: is

text: indicated

text: that

text: these

text: abusive

text: drugs

text: affect

text: the

text: central

text: circadian

text: pacemaker

text: Individuals

text: suffering

text: from

text: substance

text: abuse

text: display

text: disrupted

text: rhythms

text: These

text: disrupted

text: rhythms

text: can

text: increase

text: the

text: risk

text: for

text: substance

text: abuse

text: and

text: relapse

text: It

text: is

text: possible

text: that

text: genetic

text: and/or

text: environmental

text: disturbances

text: to

text: the

text: normal

text: sleep

text: and

text: wake

text: cycle

text: can

text: increase

text: the

text: susceptibility

text: to

text: addiction

question: What do studies show has a bidirectional relationship with the circadian system?

answer: abusive drugs

text: abusive drugs

question: What do abusive drugs effect in the circadian system?

answer: circadian pacemaker

text: circadian pacemaker

question: What do drug abusers show in their circadian processes?

answer: disrupted rhythms

text: disrupted rhythms

question: What can the disrupted circadian system cause?

answer: abuse and relapse

text: abuse and relapse

question: What can disruption to genetics and environment in the sleep cycle cause?

answer: susceptibility to addiction

text: susceptibility to addiction


text: In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: In

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: represented

text: of

text: Miami

text: Dade

text: county

text: 's

text: population

text: In

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: reported

text: Miami

text: 's

text: population

text: as

text: Hispanic

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: White

text: and

text: Black

text: Miami

text: 's

text: explosive

text: population

text: growth

text: has

text: been

text: driven

text: by

text: internal

text: migration

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: primarily

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: by

text: immigration

text: primarily

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: Today

text: immigration

text: to

text: Miami

text: has

text: slowed

text: significantly

text: and

text: Miami

text: 's

text: growth

text: today

text: is

text: attributed

text: greatly

text: to

text: its

text: fast

text: urbanization

text: and

text: high

text: rise

text: construction

text: which

text: has

text: increased

text: its

text: inner

text: city

text: neighborhood

text: population

text: densities

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Brickell

text: and

text: Edgewater

text: where

text: one

text: area

text: in

text: Downtown

text: alone

text: saw

text: a

text: increase

text: in

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: Census

text: Miami

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: more

text: of

text: a

text: multicultural

text: mosaic

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: melting

text: pot

text: with

text: residents

text: still

text: maintaining

text: much

text: of

text: or

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: cultural

text: traits

text: The

text: overall

text: culture

text: of

text: Miami

text: is

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: its

text: large

text: population

text: of

text: Hispanics

text: and

text: blacks

text: mainly

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: islands

question: What percentage of Miami-Dade's population was non-Hispanic white in 1960?

answer: 80

question: What percentage of the Miami population in 1970 was black?

answer: 22.7

question: What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami?

answer: Hispanic

text: Hispanic

question: Along with Downtown and Edgewater, what area of Miami has notably seen increasing population densities?

answer: Brickell

text: Brickell

question: Starting in what decade did immigration from outside the United States begin to have a significant influence on Miami's population?

answer: 1960s


text: The consuls of the Roman Republic were the highest ranking ordinary magistrates; each consul served for one year. Consuls had supreme power in both civil and military matters. While in the city of Rome, the consuls were the head of the Roman government. They would preside over the senate and the assemblies. While abroad, each consul would command an army. His authority abroad would be nearly absolute. Praetors administered civil law and commanded provincial armies. Every five years, two censors were elected for an 18-month term, during which they would conduct a census. During the census, they could enroll citizens in the senate, or purge them from the senate. Aediles were officers elected to conduct domestic affairs in Rome, such as managing public games and shows. The quaestors would usually assist the consuls in Rome, and the governors in the provinces. Their duties were often financial.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: consuls

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: were

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: ordinary

text: magistrates

text: each

text: consul

text: served

text: for

text: one

text: year

text: Consuls

text: had

text: supreme

text: power

text: in

text: both

text: civil

text: and

text: military

text: matters

text: While

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: consuls

text: were

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: government

text: They

text: would

text: preside

text: over

text: the

text: senate

text: and

text: the

text: assemblies

text: While

text: abroad

text: each

text: consul

text: would

text: command

text: an

text: army

text: His

text: authority

text: abroad

text: would

text: be

text: nearly

text: absolute

text: Praetors

text: administered

text: civil

text: law

text: and

text: commanded

text: provincial

text: armies

text: Every

text: five

text: years

text: two

text: censors

text: were

text: elected

text: for

text: an

text: term

text: during

text: which

text: they

text: would

text: conduct

text: a

text: census

text: During

text: the

text: census

text: they

text: could

text: enroll

text: citizens

text: in

text: the

text: senate

text: or

text: purge

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: senate

text: Aediles

text: were

text: officers

text: elected

text: to

text: conduct

text: domestic

text: affairs

text: in

text: Rome

text: such

text: as

text: managing

text: public

text: games

text: and

text: shows

text: The

text: quaestors

text: would

text: usually

text: assist

text: the

text: consuls

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: governors

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: Their

text: duties

text: were

text: often

text: financial

question: Which official had supremacy in both civil and military matters?

answer: Consuls

text: Consuls

question: Who was responsible for the adminstration of civil laws?

answer: Praetors

text: Praetors

question: Who was responsible for the handling of the Roman census?

answer: two censors

text: two censors

question: How long could an elected censor remain in office for?

answer: 18-month term

text: 18-month term

question: What officer primarily had duties over finance matters?

answer: quaestors

text: quaestors


text: Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy and aristocratic who paid what Chopin asked for their lessons"—and these factors, as well as his musical genius, also fuelled his contemporary and later reputation. While his illness and his love-affairs conform to some of the stereotypes of romanticism, the rarity of his public recitals (as opposed to performances at fashionable Paris soirées) led Arthur Hutchings to suggest that "his lack of Byronic flamboyance [and] his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional" among his romantic contemporaries, such as Liszt and Henri Herz.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Jones

text: comments

text: that

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: unique

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: composer

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: virtually

text: everything

text: he

text: wrote

text: was

text: for

text: the

text: piano

text: has

text: rarely

text: been

text: questioned

text: He

text: also

text: notes

text: that

text: Chopin

text: was

text: fortunate

text: to

text: arrive

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: artistic

text: environment

text: the

text: publishers

text: who

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: print

text: his

text: music

text: the

text: wealthy

text: and

text: aristocratic

text: who

text: paid

text: what

text: Chopin

text: asked

text: for

text: their

text: lessons

text: and

text: these

text: factors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: his

text: musical

text: genius

text: also

text: fuelled

text: his

text: contemporary

text: and

text: later

text: reputation

text: While

text: his

text: illness

text: and

text: his

text: love

text: affairs

text: conform

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: stereotypes

text: of

text: romanticism

text: the

text: rarity

text: of

text: his

text: public

text: recitals

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: performances

text: at

text: fashionable

text: Paris

text: soirées

text: led

text: Arthur

text: Hutchings

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: his

text: lack

text: of

text: Byronic

text: flamboyance

text: and

text: his

text: aristocratic

text: reclusiveness

text: make

text: him

text: exceptional

text: among

text: his

text: romantic

text: contemporaries

text: such

text: as

text: Liszt

text: and

text: Henri

text: Herz

question: Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?

answer: Byronic flamboyance

text: Byronic flamboyance

question: Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?

answer: Liszt and Henri Herz

text: Liszt and Henri Herz

question: What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?

answer: Arthur Hutchings

text: Arthur Hutchings


text: The exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368–1644) is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. Some Mainland Chinese scholars, such as Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, assert that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet, pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of these titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars within China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and that it was thus a part of the Ming Empire. But most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvin C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, that Ming titles were only nominal, that Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and that it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor (1521–1566), who ceased relations with Tibet.

title: Sino

title: Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

text: The

text: exact

text: nature

text: of

text: relations

text: between

text: Tibet

text: and

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: of

text: China

text: is

text: unclear

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: is

text: further

text: complicated

text: by

text: modern

text: political

text: conflicts

text: and

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: Westphalian

text: sovereignty

text: to

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: the

text: concept

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: Some

text: Mainland

text: Chinese

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Wang

text: Jiawei

text: and

text: Nyima

text: Gyaincain

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: had

text: unquestioned

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Tibet

text: pointing

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: 's

text: issuing

text: of

text: various

text: titles

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: Tibetans

text: full

text: acceptance

text: of

text: these

text: titles

text: and

text: a

text: renewal

text: process

text: for

text: successors

text: of

text: these

text: titles

text: that

text: involved

text: traveling

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: capital

text: Scholars

text: within

text: China

text: also

text: argue

text: that

text: Tibet

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: thus

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: Empire

text: But

text: most

text: scholars

text: outside

text: China

text: such

text: as

text: Turrell

text: V.

text: Wylie

text: Melvin

text: C.

text: Goldstein

text: and

text: Helmut

text: Hoffman

text: say

text: that

text: the

text: relationship

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: suzerainty

text: that

text: Ming

text: titles

text: were

text: only

text: nominal

text: that

text: Tibet

text: remained

text: an

text: independent

text: region

text: outside

text: Ming

text: control

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: simply

text: paid

text: tribute

text: until

text: the

text: Jiajing

text: Emperor

text: who

text: ceased

text: relations

text: with

text: Tibet

question: Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?

answer: Mainland Chinese scholars

text: Mainland Chinese scholars


text: In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening. Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: couple

text: attended

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: at

text: which

text: Beyoncé

text: performed

text: Love

text: on

text: Top

text: and

text: started

text: the

text: performance

text: saying

text: Tonight

text: I

text: want

text: you

text: to

text: stand

text: up

text: on

text: your

text: feet

text: I

text: want

text: you

text: to

text: feel

text: the

text: love

text: that

text: 's

text: growing

text: inside

text: of

text: me

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: she

text: dropped

text: her

text: microphone

text: unbuttoned

text: her

text: blazer

text: and

text: rubbed

text: her

text: stomach

text: confirming

text: her

text: pregnancy

text: she

text: had

text: alluded

text: to

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: evening

text: Her

text: appearance

text: helped

text: that

text: year

text: 's

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: watched

text: broadcast

text: in

text: MTV

text: history

text: pulling

text: in

text: million

text: viewers

text: the

text: announcement

text: was

text: listed

text: in

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: for

text: most

text: tweets

text: per

text: second

text: recorded

text: for

text: a

text: single

text: event

text: on

text: Twitter

text: receiving

text: tweets

text: per

text: second

text: and

text: Beyonce

text: pregnant

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: Googled

text: term

text: the

text: week

text: of

text: August

question: Jay Z and Beyonce attended which event together in August of 2011?

answer: MTV Video Music Awards

text: MTV Video Music Awards

question: Beyonce confirmed what after performing one of her songs?

answer: her pregnancy

text: her pregnancy

question: How many people watched the 2011 MTV Music Awards?

answer: 12.4 million

text: 12.4 million

question: Where did she announce her pregnancy?

answer: 2011 MTV Video Music Awards

text: 2011 MTV Video Music Awards

question: Why was the broadcast the most-watched in history?

answer: Her appearance

text: Her appearance

question: What even was recorded in the Guinness World Records?

answer: most tweets per second

text: most tweets per second

question: What was the most searched term in week of Aug 29, 2011?

answer: Beyonce pregnant

text: Beyonce pregnant

question: What song did she perform at the MTV Awards?

answer: Love on Top

text: Love on Top

question: Where did Beyoncé announce her pregnancy?

answer: 2011 MTV Video Music Awards

text: 2011 MTV Video Music Awards

question: What song did Beyoncé sing prior to announcing her pregnancy?

answer: Love on Top

text: Love on Top

question: How many people watched the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards?

answer: 12.4 million

text: 12.4 million

question: What was the most searched term on Google for the week of August 29, 2011?

answer: Beyonce pregnant

text: Beyonce pregnant


text: The earliest known cultural tribes of the area were members of the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel. La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age from around 450 BC, possibly under some influence from the Greek and Etruscan civilisations. One of the most important tribal groups in the Swiss region was the Helvetii. Steadily harassed by the Germans, in 58 BC the Helvetii decided to abandon the Swiss plateau and migrate to western Gallia, but Julius Caesar's armies pursued and defeated them at the Battle of Bibracte, in today's western France, forcing the tribe to move back to its original homeland. In 15 BC, Tiberius, who was destined to be the second Roman emperor and his brother, Drusus, conquered the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire. The area occupied by the Helvetii—the namesakes of the later Confoederatio Helvetica—first became part of Rome's Gallia Belgica province and then of its Germania Superior province, while the eastern portion of modern Switzerland was integrated into the Roman province of Raetia. Sometime around the start of the Common Era, the Romans maintained a large legionary camp called Vindonissa, now a ruin at the confluence of the Aare and Reuss rivers, near the town of Windisch, an outskirt of Brugg.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: cultural

text: tribes

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Hallstatt

text: and

text: La

text: Tène

text: cultures

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: archaeological

text: site

text: of

text: La

text: Tène

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: Lake

text: Neuchâtel

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: developed

text: and

text: flourished

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Iron

text: Age

text: from

text: around

text: BC

text: possibly

text: under

text: some

text: influence

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Etruscan

text: civilisations

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: tribal

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: region

text: was

text: the

text: Helvetii

text: Steadily

text: harassed

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Helvetii

text: decided

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: Swiss

text: plateau

text: and

text: migrate

text: to

text: western

text: Gallia

text: but

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: armies

text: pursued

text: and

text: defeated

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Bibracte

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: western

text: France

text: forcing

text: the

text: tribe

text: to

text: move

text: back

text: to

text: its

text: original

text: homeland

text: In

text: BC

text: Tiberius

text: who

text: was

text: destined

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: second

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: and

text: his

text: brother

text: Drusus

text: conquered

text: the

text: Alps

text: integrating

text: them

text: into

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: The

text: area

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Helvetii

text: the

text: namesakes

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: Confoederatio

text: Helvetica

text: first

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: Rome

text: 's

text: Gallia

text: Belgica

text: province

text: and

text: then

text: of

text: its

text: Germania

text: Superior

text: province

text: while

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: modern

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: integrated

text: into

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Raetia

text: Sometime

text: around

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Era

text: the

text: Romans

text: maintained

text: a

text: large

text: legionary

text: camp

text: called

text: Vindonissa

text: now

text: a

text: ruin

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Aare

text: and

text: Reuss

text: rivers

text: near

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Windisch

text: an

text: outskirt

text: of

text: Brugg

question: What were the two earliest know cultural tribes in Switerland?

answer: Hallstatt and La Tène

text: Hallstatt and La Tène

question: Which Swiss cultural tribe developed and flourished during the late Iron Age?

answer: La Tène

text: La Tène

question: Which Swiss tribal group was defeated by Julius Caesar at the Battle of Bribacti as they tried to escape the Swiss plateau?

answer: the Helvetii

text: the Helvetii

question: In what year did Tiberius conquer the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire?

answer: 15 BC

text: 15 BC

question: What is the name of the large legionary camp, now a ruin, that the Romans maintained around the start of the Common Era?

answer: Vindonissa

text: Vindonissa


text: Although Mali has enjoyed a reasonably good inter-ethnic relationships based on the long history of coexistence, some hereditary servitude and bondage relationship exist, as well as ethnic tension between settled Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs of the north. Due to a backlash against the northern population after independence, Mali is now in a situation where both groups complain about discrimination on the part of the other group. This conflict also plays a role in the continuing Northern Mali conflict where there is a tension between both Tuaregs and the Malian government, and the Tuaregs and radical Islamists who are trying to establish sharia law.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Although

text: Mali

text: has

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: reasonably

text: good

text: inter

text: ethnic

text: relationships

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: coexistence

text: some

text: hereditary

text: servitude

text: and

text: bondage

text: relationship

text: exist

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ethnic

text: tension

text: between

text: settled

text: Songhai

text: and

text: nomadic

text: Tuaregs

text: of

text: the

text: north

text: Due

text: to

text: a

text: backlash

text: against

text: the

text: northern

text: population

text: after

text: independence

text: Mali

text: is

text: now

text: in

text: a

text: situation

text: where

text: both

text: groups

text: complain

text: about

text: discrimination

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: group

text: This

text: conflict

text: also

text: plays

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: continuing

text: Northern

text: Mali

text: conflict

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: tension

text: between

text: both

text: Tuaregs

text: and

text: the

text: Malian

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: Tuaregs

text: and

text: radical

text: Islamists

text: who

text: are

text: trying

text: to

text: establish

text: sharia

text: law

question: Ethnic tension are between what two groups of people?

answer: Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs

text: Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs

question: Radical Islam and the Tuaregs are both considered problematic according to whom?

answer: Malian government

text: Malian government

question: What group of people are trying to establish sharia law?

answer: radical Islamists

text: radical Islamists

question: What type of hereditary relationships still exist today?

answer: servitude and bondage

text: servitude and bondage

question: Songhai and Tuaregs both complain about what same issue towards each other?

answer: discrimination

text: discrimination


text: The Standard Output Sensitivity (SOS) technique, also new in the 2006 version of the standard, effectively specifies that the average level in the sRGB image must be 18% gray plus or minus 1/3 stop when the exposure is controlled by an automatic exposure control system calibrated per ISO 2721 and set to the EI with no exposure compensation. Because the output level is measured in the sRGB output from the camera, it is only applicable to sRGB images—typically JPEG—and not to output files in raw image format. It is not applicable when multi-zone metering is used.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: Standard

text: Output

text: Sensitivity

text: SOS

text: technique

text: also

text: new

text: in

text: the

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: effectively

text: specifies

text: that

text: the

text: average

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: sRGB

text: image

text: must

text: be

text: gray

text: plus

text: or

text: minus

text: stop

text: when

text: the

text: exposure

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: an

text: automatic

text: exposure

text: control

text: system

text: calibrated

text: per

text: ISO

text: and

text: set

text: to

text: the

text: EI

text: with

text: no

text: exposure

text: compensation

text: Because

text: the

text: output

text: level

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: the

text: sRGB

text: output

text: from

text: the

text: camera

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: applicable

text: to

text: sRGB

text: images

text: typically

text: JPEG

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: output

text: files

text: in

text: raw

text: image

text: format

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: applicable

text: when

text: multi

text: zone

text: metering

text: is

text: used

question: What year was the Standard Output Sensitivity technique introduced?

answer: 2006

question: What does the Standard Output Sensitivity technique apply to?

answer: sRGB images—typically JPEG

text: sRGB images—typically JPEG

question: What is the output level measured in?

answer: the sRGB output from the camera

text: the sRGB output from the camera

question: With what type of metering can the Standard Output Sensitivity not be used?

answer: multi-zone metering

text: multi-zone metering

question: With what standard is the automatic exposure control system calibrated?

answer: ISO 2721

text: ISO 2721


text: One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: quantum

text: effects

text: to

text: be

text: explicitly

text: noticed

text: but

text: not

text: understood

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: a

text: Maxwell

text: observation

text: involving

text: hydrogen

text: half

text: a

text: century

text: before

text: full

text: quantum

text: mechanical

text: theory

text: arrived

text: Maxwell

text: observed

text: that

text: the

text: specific

text: heat

text: capacity

text: of

text: unaccountably

text: departs

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: diatomic

text: gas

text: below

text: room

text: temperature

text: and

text: begins

text: to

text: increasingly

text: resemble

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: monatomic

text: gas

text: at

text: cryogenic

text: temperatures

text: According

text: to

text: quantum

text: theory

text: this

text: behavior

text: arises

text: from

text: the

text: spacing

text: of

text: the

text: quantized

text: rotational

text: energy

text: levels

text: which

text: are

text: particularly

text: wide

text: spaced

text: in

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: low

text: mass

text: These

text: widely

text: spaced

text: levels

text: inhibit

text: equal

text: partition

text: of

text: heat

text: energy

text: into

text: rotational

text: motion

text: in

text: hydrogen

text: at

text: low

text: temperatures

text: Diatomic

text: gases

text: composed

text: of

text: heavier

text: atoms

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: such

text: widely

text: spaced

text: levels

text: and

text: do

text: not

text: exhibit

text: the

text: same

text: effect

question: Who observed the specific heat capacity of H2?

answer: Maxwell

text: Maxwell

question: What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?

answer: spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels

text: spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels

question: What theory supports this?

answer: quantum theory

text: quantum theory


text: The introduction of new or equivalent deities coincided with Rome's most significant aggressive and defensive military forays. In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC. The mystery cult to Bacchus followed; it was suppressed as subversive and unruly by decree of the Senate in 186 BC. Greek deities were brought within the sacred pomerium: temples were dedicated to Juventas (Hebe) in 191 BC, Diana (Artemis) in 179 BC, Mars (Ares) in 138 BC), and to Bona Dea, equivalent to Fauna, the female counterpart of the rural Faunus, supplemented by the Greek goddess Damia. Further Greek influences on cult images and types represented the Roman Penates as forms of the Greek Dioscuri. The military-political adventurers of the Later Republic introduced the Phrygian goddess Ma (identified with Roman Bellona, the Egyptian mystery-goddess Isis and Persian Mithras.)

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: introduction

text: of

text: new

text: or

text: equivalent

text: deities

text: coincided

text: with

text: Rome

text: 's

text: most

text: significant

text: aggressive

text: and

text: defensive

text: military

text: forays

text: In

text: BC

text: the

text: Sibylline

text: books

text: commended

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: cult

text: to

text: the

text: aniconic

text: Magna

text: Mater

text: Great

text: Mother

text: from

text: Pessinus

text: installed

text: on

text: the

text: Palatine

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: mystery

text: cult

text: to

text: Bacchus

text: followed

text: it

text: was

text: suppressed

text: as

text: subversive

text: and

text: unruly

text: by

text: decree

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: in

text: BC

text: Greek

text: deities

text: were

text: brought

text: within

text: the

text: sacred

text: pomerium

text: temples

text: were

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Juventas

text: Hebe

text: in

text: BC

text: Diana

text: Artemis

text: in

text: BC

text: Mars

text: Ares

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: to

text: Bona

text: Dea

text: equivalent

text: to

text: Fauna

text: the

text: female

text: counterpart

text: of

text: the

text: rural

text: Faunus

text: supplemented

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: goddess

text: Damia

text: Further

text: Greek

text: influences

text: on

text: cult

text: images

text: and

text: types

text: represented

text: the

text: Roman

text: Penates

text: as

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dioscuri

text: The

text: military

text: political

text: adventurers

text: of

text: the

text: Later

text: Republic

text: introduced

text: the

text: Phrygian

text: goddess

text: Ma

text: identified

text: with

text: Roman

text: Bellona

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: mystery

text: goddess

text: Isis

text: and

text: Persian

text: Mithras

question: What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC?

answer: Magna Mater

text: Magna Mater

question: What cult was brought in to Rome after the Great Mother cult?

answer: Bacchus

text: Bacchus

question: In what year did the Senate declare the Bacchus subversive?

answer: 186 BC

text: 186 BC

question: In what year was Diana  brought into the pomerium?

answer: 179 BC

text: 179 BC

question: What god was introduced in Rome in 138 BC?

answer: Mars

text: Mars


text: The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: explorer

text: Diogo

text: Cão

text: reached

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: in

text: Commercial

text: relationships

text: quickly

text: grew

text: between

text: the

text: inland

text: Bantu

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: European

text: merchants

text: who

text: traded

text: various

text: commodities

text: manufactured

text: goods

text: and

text: people

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: hinterlands

text: After

text: centuries

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: hub

text: for

text: transatlantic

text: trade

text: direct

text: European

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: river

text: delta

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: subsequently

text: eroding

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Bantu

text: societies

text: in

text: the

text: region

question: Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484?

answer: Diogo Cão

text: Diogo Cão

question: What was Diogo Cao's nationality?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: What did European traders exchange with Bantu people?

answer: commodities, manufactured goods, and people

text: commodities, manufactured goods, and people

question: When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin?

answer: late 19th century

text: late 19th century

question: Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin?

answer: Bantu societies

text: Bantu societies


text: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: Florida

text: i/ˈflɒrɪdə/

text: Spanish

text: for

text: flowery

text: land

text: is

text: a

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: sovereign

text: state

text: of

text: Cuba

text: Florida

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Jacksonville

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Tallahassee

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

question: What does Florida stand for

answer: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land")

text: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land")

question: What states border Florida

answer: to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida

text: to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida

question: What is the state capital of Florida

answer: Tallahassee is the state capital

text: Tallahassee is the state capital

question: Where does Florida rank in US population

answer: the 3rd most populous

text: the 3rd most populous

question: What city has the most people in Florida

answer: Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida

text: Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida


text: Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or digital and the digital tracks on a PAL disc were 16-bit 44.1 kHz as on a CD; in the UK, the term "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio. The digital sound signal in both formats are EFM-encoded as in CD. Dolby Digital (also called AC-3) and DTS—which are now common on DVD titles—first became available on LaserDisc, and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) which was released on LaserDisc in Japan, is among the first home video releases ever to include 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround. Unlike DVDs, which carry Dolby Digital audio in digital form, LaserDiscs store Dolby Digital in a frequency modulated form within a track normally used for analog audio. Extracting Dolby Digital from a LaserDisc required a player equipped with a special "AC-3 RF" output and an external demodulator in addition to an AC-3 decoder. The demodulator was necessary to convert the 2.88 MHz modulated AC-3 information on the disc into a 384 kbit/s signal that the decoder could handle. DTS audio, when available on a disc, replaced the digital audio tracks; hearing DTS sound required only an S/PDIF compliant digital connection to a DTS decoder.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Sound

text: could

text: be

text: stored

text: in

text: either

text: analog

text: or

text: digital

text: format

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: surround

text: sound

text: formats

text: NTSC

text: discs

text: could

text: carry

text: two

text: analog

text: audio

text: tracks

text: plus

text: two

text: uncompressed

text: PCM

text: digital

text: audio

text: tracks

text: which

text: were

text: EFM

text: CIRC

text: and

text: kHz

text: sample

text: rate

text: PAL

text: discs

text: could

text: carry

text: one

text: pair

text: of

text: audio

text: tracks

text: either

text: analog

text: or

text: digital

text: and

text: the

text: digital

text: tracks

text: on

text: a

text: PAL

text: disc

text: were

text: kHz

text: as

text: on

text: a

text: CD

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: the

text: term

text: LaserVision

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: discs

text: with

text: analog

text: sound

text: while

text: LaserDisc

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: those

text: with

text: digital

text: audio

text: The

text: digital

text: sound

text: signal

text: in

text: both

text: formats

text: are

text: EFM

text: encoded

text: as

text: in

text: CD

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: also

text: called

text: and

text: DTS

text: which

text: are

text: now

text: common

text: on

text: DVD

text: titles

text: first

text: became

text: available

text: on

text: LaserDisc

text: and

text: Star

text: Wars

text: Episode

text: I

text: The

text: Phantom

text: Menace

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: LaserDisc

text: in

text: Japan

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: home

text: video

text: releases

text: ever

text: to

text: include

text: channel

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: EX

text: Surround

text: Unlike

text: DVDs

text: which

text: carry

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: audio

text: in

text: digital

text: form

text: LaserDiscs

text: store

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: in

text: a

text: frequency

text: modulated

text: form

text: within

text: a

text: track

text: normally

text: used

text: for

text: analog

text: audio

text: Extracting

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: from

text: a

text: LaserDisc

text: required

text: a

text: player

text: equipped

text: with

text: a

text: special

text: RF

text: output

text: and

text: an

text: external

text: demodulator

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: an

text: decoder

text: The

text: demodulator

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: convert

text: the

text: MHz

text: modulated

text: information

text: on

text: the

text: disc

text: into

text: a

text: kbit

text: s

text: signal

text: that

text: the

text: decoder

text: could

text: handle

text: DTS

text: audio

text: when

text: available

text: on

text: a

text: disc

text: replaced

text: the

text: digital

text: audio

text: tracks

text: hearing

text: DTS

text: sound

text: required

text: only

text: an

text: S

text: PDIF

text: compliant

text: digital

text: connection

text: to

text: a

text: DTS

text: decoder

question: What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK?

answer: "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio

text: "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio

question: The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format?

answer: 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround.

text: 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround.

question: What sound formatting do DVDs use?

answer: Dolby Digital audio in digital form

text: Dolby Digital audio in digital form


text: Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theory was a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent. The collection of heuristic prescriptions for quantum mechanics were the first corrections to classical mechanics. Outside the realm of quantum physics, the various aether theories in classical physics, which supposed a "fifth element" such as the Luminiferous aether, were nullified by the Michelson-Morley experiment—an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether. In biology, Darwinism gained acceptance, promoting the concept of adaptation in the theory of natural selection. The fields of geology, astronomy and psychology also made strides and gained new insights. In medicine, there were advances in medical theory and treatments.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Replacing

text: the

text: classical

text: physics

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: modern

text: physics

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: quantum

text: physics

text: substituting

text: mathematical

text: studies

text: for

text: experimental

text: studies

text: and

text: examining

text: equations

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: theoretical

text: structure.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: old

text: quantum

text: theory

text: was

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: results

text: which

text: predate

text: modern

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: but

text: were

text: never

text: complete

text: or

text: self

text: consistent

text: The

text: collection

text: of

text: heuristic

text: prescriptions

text: for

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: corrections

text: to

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: Outside

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: quantum

text: physics

text: the

text: various

text: aether

text: theories

text: in

text: classical

text: physics

text: which

text: supposed

text: a

text: fifth

text: element

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Luminiferous

text: aether

text: were

text: nullified

text: by

text: the

text: Michelson

text: Morley

text: experiment

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: detect

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: earth

text: through

text: the

text: aether

text: In

text: biology

text: Darwinism

text: gained

text: acceptance

text: promoting

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: adaptation

text: in

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: The

text: fields

text: of

text: geology

text: astronomy

text: and

text: psychology

text: also

text: made

text: strides

text: and

text: gained

text: new

text: insights

text: In

text: medicine

text: there

text: were

text: advances

text: in

text: medical

text: theory

text: and

text: treatments

question: When did modern physics arise?

answer: early 20th century

text: early 20th century

question: What is the old Quantum  theory?

answer: a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.

text: a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.

question: The "fifth element" was disproved by what?

answer: Michelson-Morley experiment

text: Michelson-Morley experiment

question: What is the Michelson-Morley experiment?

answer: an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether

text: an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether

question: What does Darwinism promote?

answer: the theory of natural selection.

text: the theory of natural selection.


text: On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran. Glaciers cover about 10 percent of Earth's land surface. Continental glaciers cover nearly 13,000,000 km2 (5×10^6 sq mi) or about 98 percent of Antarctica's 13,200,000 km2 (5.1×10^6 sq mi), with an average thickness of 2,100 m (7,000 ft). Greenland and Patagonia also have huge expanses of continental glaciers.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: On

text: Earth

text: of

text: glacial

text: ice

text: is

text: contained

text: within

text: vast

text: ice

text: sheets

text: in

text: the

text: polar

text: regions

text: but

text: glaciers

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: on

text: every

text: continent

text: except

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: a

text: few

text: high

text: latitude

text: oceanic

text: islands

text: Between

text: N

text: and

text: S

text: glaciers

text: occur

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: Andes

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: a

text: few

text: high

text: mountains

text: in

text: East

text: Africa

text: Mexico

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: on

text: Zard

text: Kuh

text: in

text: Iran

text: Glaciers

text: cover

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: land

text: surface

text: Continental

text: glaciers

text: cover

text: nearly

text: sq

text: mi

text: or

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: 's

text: sq

text: mi

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: thickness

text: of

text: m

text: ft

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Patagonia

text: also

text: have

text: huge

text: expanses

text: of

text: continental

text: glaciers

question: How much glacial ice is found surrounding the poles?

answer: 99%

question: Glaciers are found in mountain ranges on every continent except for which outlier?

answer: Australia

text: Australia

question: How much of Earth's land surface do glaciers cover?

answer: about 10 percent

text: about 10 percent

question: What is the average thickness of an Antartican glacier?

answer: 2,100 m (7,000 ft)

text: 2,100 m (7,000 ft)

question: What percent of Antartica's land is covered by glaciers?

answer: 98 percent

text: 98 percent


text: Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: Bahrain

text: 's

text: prime

text: minister

text: Sheikh

text: Khalifah

text: bin

text: Sulman

text: Al

text: Khalifah

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: since

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: non

text: elected

text: prime

text: minister

question: Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister?

answer: Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah

text: Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah

question: When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?

answer: 1970

question: What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister?

answer: Bahrain

text: Bahrain


text: The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation. Raytheon Missile Systems (formerly Hughes Aircraft Co.), Texas Instruments, IBM, Intuit Inc., Universal Avionics, Honeywell Aerospace, Sunquest Information Systems, Sanofi-Aventis, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., and Bombardier Aerospace all have a significant presence in Tucson. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname "Optics Valley".

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Tucson

text: Pima

text: County

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Arizona

text: and

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: have

text: all

text: made

text: commitments

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: growing

text: healthy

text: economy[citation

text: needed

text: with

text: advanced

text: technology

text: industry

text: sectors

text: as

text: its

text: foundation

text: Raytheon

text: Missile

text: Systems

text: formerly

text: Hughes

text: Aircraft

text: Co.

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: IBM

text: Intuit

text: Inc.

text: Universal

text: Avionics

text: Honeywell

text: Aerospace

text: Sunquest

text: Information

text: Systems

text: Sanofi

text: Aventis

text: Ventana

text: Medical

text: Systems

text: Inc.

text: and

text: Bombardier

text: Aerospace

text: all

text: have

text: a

text: significant

text: presence

text: in

text: Tucson

text: Roughly

text: Tucson

text: companies

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: and

text: manufacture

text: of

text: optics

text: and

text: optoelectronics

text: systems

text: earning

text: Tucson

text: the

text: nickname

text: Optics

text: Valley

question: What was Raytheon previously called?

answer: Hughes Aircraft Co.

text: Hughes Aircraft Co.

question: What drug company has a major presence in Tucson?

answer: Sanofi-Aventis

text: Sanofi-Aventis

question: How many optics-related companies are in Tucson?

answer: 150

question: What do the 'Optics Valley' companies do?

answer: design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems

text: design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems

question: What accounting software company has a major presence in Tucson?

answer: Intuit Inc.

text: Intuit Inc.


text: Gellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might call "humane" or "polite" learning, or the Greek equivalent Paideia. Gellius became a favorite author in the Italian Renaissance, and, in fifteenth-century Italy, teachers and scholars of philosophy, poetry, and rhetoric were called and called themselves "humanists". Modern scholars, however, point out that Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas, in fact frequently used the word in both senses, as did his near contemporaries. For Cicero, a lawyer, what most distinguished humans from brutes was speech, which, allied to reason, could (and should) enable them to settle disputes and live together in concord and harmony under the rule of law. Thus humanitas included two meanings from the outset and these continue in the modern derivative, humanism, which even today can refer to both humanitarian benevolence and to scholarship.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Gellius

text: says

text: that

text: in

text: his

text: day

text: humanitas

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: synonym

text: for

text: philanthropy

text: or

text: kindness

text: and

text: benevolence

text: toward

text: one

text: 's

text: fellow

text: human

text: being

text: Gellius

text: maintains

text: that

text: this

text: common

text: usage

text: is

text: wrong

text: and

text: that

text: model

text: writers

text: of

text: Latin

text: such

text: as

text: Cicero

text: and

text: others

text: used

text: the

text: word

text: only

text: to

text: mean

text: what

text: we

text: might

text: call

text: humane

text: or

text: polite

text: learning

text: or

text: the

text: Greek

text: equivalent

text: Paideia

text: Gellius

text: became

text: a

text: favorite

text: author

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: in

text: fifteenth

text: century

text: Italy

text: teachers

text: and

text: scholars

text: of

text: philosophy

text: poetry

text: and

text: rhetoric

text: were

text: called

text: and

text: called

text: themselves

text: humanists

text: Modern

text: scholars

text: however

text: point

text: out

text: that

text: Cicero

text: BCE

text: who

text: was

text: most

text: responsible

text: for

text: defining

text: and

text: popularizing

text: the

text: term

text: humanitas

text: in

text: fact

text: frequently

text: used

text: the

text: word

text: in

text: both

text: senses

text: as

text: did

text: his

text: near

text: contemporaries

text: For

text: Cicero

text: a

text: lawyer

text: what

text: most

text: distinguished

text: humans

text: from

text: brutes

text: was

text: speech

text: which

text: allied

text: to

text: reason

text: could

text: and

text: should

text: enable

text: them

text: to

text: settle

text: disputes

text: and

text: live

text: together

text: in

text: concord

text: and

text: harmony

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: Thus

text: humanitas

text: included

text: two

text: meanings

text: from

text: the

text: outset

text: and

text: these

text: continue

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: derivative

text: humanism

text: which

text: even

text: today

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: both

text: humanitarian

text: benevolence

text: and

text: to

text: scholarship

question: What was humanism once considered the same as?

answer: philanthropy

text: philanthropy

question: Who has disagreed with this connotation of the word?

answer: Gellius

text: Gellius

question: In which period did Gellius gain fame?

answer: Italian Renaissance

text: Italian Renaissance

question: Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas commonplace?

answer: Cicero

text: Cicero

question: What is the characteristic that most separates humans from animals?

answer: speech

text: speech


text: On April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like "Openness and Democracy to the End." Between May and June 1988, Ukrainian Catholics in western Ukraine celebrated the Millennium of Christianity in Kievan Rus' in secret by holding services in the forests of Buniv, Kalush, Hoshiv, and Zarvanytsia. On June 5, 1988, as the official celebrations of the Millennium were held in Moscow, the Ukrainian Cultural Club hosted its own observances in Kiev at the monument to St. Volodymyr the Great, the grand prince of Kievan Rus'.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: April

text: about

text: people

text: participated

text: in

text: a

text: march

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Cultural

text: Club

text: on

text: Kiev

text: 's

text: Khreschatyk

text: Street

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: second

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: Chernobyl

text: nuclear

text: disaster

text: carrying

text: placards

text: with

text: slogans

text: like

text: Openness

text: and

text: Democracy

text: to

text: the

text: End

text: Between

text: May

text: and

text: June

text: Ukrainian

text: Catholics

text: in

text: western

text: Ukraine

text: celebrated

text: the

text: Millennium

text: of

text: Christianity

text: in

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: in

text: secret

text: by

text: holding

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: forests

text: of

text: Buniv

text: Kalush

text: Hoshiv

text: and

text: Zarvanytsia

text: On

text: June

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: celebrations

text: of

text: the

text: Millennium

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Moscow

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Cultural

text: Club

text: hosted

text: its

text: own

text: observances

text: in

text: Kiev

text: at

text: the

text: monument

text: to

text: St.

text: Volodymyr

text: the

text: Great

text: the

text: grand

text: prince

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

question: What group was responsible for the April 25, 1988 protest?

answer: Ukrainian Cultural Club

text: Ukrainian Cultural Club

question: Where did the march happen?

answer: Kiev's Khreschatyk Street

text: Kiev's Khreschatyk Street

question: What did the marchers wish to commemorate?

answer: Chernobyl nuclear disaster,

text: Chernobyl nuclear disaster,

question: Which group held secret Milleneum of Christianity celebrations?

answer: Ukrainian Catholics

text: Ukrainian Catholics

question: In what city did the Ukrainian Cultural Club have its Millennium celebration?

answer: Kiev

text: Kiev


text: All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla." This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirmidhi, 3713;[citation needed] as well as Ibn Maajah, 121;[citation needed] etc. The major point of conflict between the Sunni and the Shia is in the interpretation of the word 'Mawla'. For the Shia the word means 'Lord and Master' and has the same elevated significance as when the term had been used to address Muhammad himself during his lifetime. Thus, when Muhammad actually (by speech) and physically (by way of having his closest companions including Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman [the three future Caliphs who had preceded Ali as Caliph] publicly accept Ali as their Lord and Master by taking Ali's hand in both of theirs as token of their allegiance to Ali) transferred this title and manner of addressing Ali as the Mawla for all Muslims at Ghadiri Khum Oasis just a few months before his death, the people that came to look upon Ali as Muhammad's immediate successor even before Muhamamd's death came to be known as the Shia. However, for the Sunnis the word simply means the 'beloved' or the 'revered' and has no other significance at all.

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine

text: All

text: Muslims

text: believe

text: that

text: Muhammad

text: had

text: said

text: To

text: whomsoever

text: I

text: am

text: Mawla

text: Ali

text: is

text: his

text: Mawla

text: This

text: hadith

text: has

text: been

text: narrated

text: in

text: different

text: ways

text: by

text: many

text: different

text: sources

text: in

text: no

text: less

text: than

text: hadith

text: books[citation

text: needed

text: of

text: both

text: Sunni

text: and

text: Shia

text: collections

text: This

text: hadith

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: narrated

text: by

text: the

text: collector

text: of

text: hadiths

text: al

text: Tirmidhi

text: needed

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Ibn

text: Maajah

text: needed

text: etc

text: The

text: major

text: point

text: of

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: Sunni

text: and

text: the

text: Shia

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: Mawla

text: For

text: the

text: Shia

text: the

text: word

text: means

text: Lord

text: and

text: Master

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: elevated

text: significance

text: as

text: when

text: the

text: term

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: address

text: Muhammad

text: himself

text: during

text: his

text: lifetime

text: Thus

text: when

text: Muhammad

text: actually

text: by

text: speech

text: and

text: physically

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: having

text: his

text: closest

text: companions

text: including

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: Umar

text: and

text: Uthman

text: the

text: three

text: future

text: Caliphs

text: who

text: had

text: preceded

text: Ali

text: as

text: Caliph

text: publicly

text: accept

text: Ali

text: as

text: their

text: Lord

text: and

text: Master

text: by

text: taking

text: Ali

text: 's

text: hand

text: in

text: both

text: of

text: theirs

text: as

text: token

text: of

text: their

text: allegiance

text: to

text: Ali

text: transferred

text: this

text: title

text: and

text: manner

text: of

text: addressing

text: Ali

text: as

text: the

text: Mawla

text: for

text: all

text: Muslims

text: at

text: Ghadiri

text: Khum

text: Oasis

text: just

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: the

text: people

text: that

text: came

text: to

text: look

text: upon

text: Ali

text: as

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: immediate

text: successor

text: even

text: before

text: Muhamamd

text: 's

text: death

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Shia

text: However

text: for

text: the

text: Sunnis

text: the

text: word

text: simply

text: means

text: the

text: beloved

text: or

text: the

text: revered

text: and

text: has

text: no

text: other

text: significance

text: at

text: all

question: Who do Muslims believe said "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla?

answer: Muhammad

text: Muhammad

question: How many books can this quote be found?

answer: 45

question: What is the point of conflict between Sunni and Shia?

answer: the word 'Mawla'

text: the word 'Mawla'

question: What does the work Mawla mean to Sunnies?

answer: beloved

text: beloved

question: What does the word Mawla mean to Shia?

answer: Lord and Master

text: Lord and Master


text: Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system for ADGB that linked the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command, although field-deployed air defence relied on less sophisticated arrangements. NATO later called these arrangements an "air defence ground environment", defined as "the network of ground radar sites and command and control centres within a specific theatre of operations which are used for the tactical control of air defence operations".

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Initially

text: sensors

text: were

text: optical

text: and

text: acoustic

text: devices

text: developed

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: continued

text: into

text: the

text: but

text: were

text: quickly

text: superseded

text: by

text: radar

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: supplemented

text: by

text: optronics

text: in

text: the

text: Command

text: and

text: control

text: remained

text: primitive

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: when

text: Britain

text: created

text: an

text: integrated

text: system

text: for

text: ADGB

text: that

text: linked

text: the

text: ground

text: based

text: air

text: defence

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: 's

text: AA

text: Command

text: although

text: field

text: deployed

text: air

text: defence

text: relied

text: on

text: less

text: sophisticated

text: arrangements

text: NATO

text: later

text: called

text: these

text: arrangements

text: an

text: air

text: defence

text: ground

text: environment

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: network

text: of

text: ground

text: radar

text: sites

text: and

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: centres

text: within

text: a

text: specific

text: theatre

text: of

text: operations

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: tactical

text: control

text: of

text: air

text: defence

text: operations

question: When were sensors initially developed?

answer: during the First World War

text: during the First World War

question: Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s?

answer: optronics

text: optronics

question: What country created an integrated system for ADGB?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: What did the integrated system for ADGB link?

answer: the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command

text: the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command

question: What agency stated that the arrangements were an air defence ground environment?

answer: NATO

text: NATO


text: Large masses, such as ice sheets or glaciers, can depress the crust of the Earth into the mantle. The depression usually totals a third of the ice sheet or glacier's thickness. After the ice sheet or glacier melts, the mantle begins to flow back to its original position, pushing the crust back up. This post-glacial rebound, which proceeds very slowly after the melting of the ice sheet or glacier, is currently occurring in measurable amounts in Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: Large

text: masses

text: such

text: as

text: ice

text: sheets

text: or

text: glaciers

text: can

text: depress

text: the

text: crust

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: into

text: the

text: mantle

text: The

text: depression

text: usually

text: totals

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: ice

text: sheet

text: or

text: glacier

text: 's

text: thickness

text: After

text: the

text: ice

text: sheet

text: or

text: glacier

text: melts

text: the

text: mantle

text: begins

text: to

text: flow

text: back

text: to

text: its

text: original

text: position

text: pushing

text: the

text: crust

text: back

text: up

text: This

text: post

text: glacial

text: rebound

text: which

text: proceeds

text: very

text: slowly

text: after

text: the

text: melting

text: of

text: the

text: ice

text: sheet

text: or

text: glacier

text: is

text: currently

text: occurring

text: in

text: measurable

text: amounts

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: America

question: Where is post-glacial rebound occuring most?

answer: Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America.

text: Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America.

question: What has the ability to depress the crust of the Earth into the mantle?

answer: Large masses, such as ice sheets or glaciers

text: Large masses, such as ice sheets or glaciers

question: With what speed does post-glacial rebound occur?

answer: very slowly

text: very slowly

question: How much of a glacier's thickness is usually involved during crust depression into the mantle?

answer: a third of the ice sheet or glacier's thickness

text: a third of the ice sheet or glacier's thickness


text: American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. The show was originally hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, with Seacrest continuing on for the rest of the seasons.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: American

text: Idol

text: employs

text: a

text: panel

text: of

text: judges

text: who

text: critique

text: the

text: contestants

text: performances

text: The

text: original

text: judges

text: were

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: music

text: manager

text: Randy

text: Jackson

text: pop

text: singer

text: and

text: choreographer

text: Paula

text: Abdul

text: and

text: music

text: executive

text: and

text: manager

text: Simon

text: Cowell

text: The

text: judging

text: panel

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: season

text: consisted

text: of

text: country

text: singer

text: Keith

text: Urban

text: singer

text: and

text: actress

text: Jennifer

text: Lopez

text: and

text: jazz

text: singer

text: Harry

text: Connick

text: Jr.

text: The

text: show

text: was

text: originally

text: hosted

text: by

text: radio

text: personality

text: Ryan

text: Seacrest

text: and

text: comedian

text: Brian

text: Dunkleman

text: with

text: Seacrest

text: continuing

text: on

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: seasons

question: What record producer was an original judge on American Idol?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: What comedian was an original host on American Idol?

answer: Brian Dunkleman

text: Brian Dunkleman

question: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?

answer: Jennifer Lopez

text: Jennifer Lopez

question: Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?

answer: Ryan Seacrest

text: Ryan Seacrest

question: What comedian was an original host on American Idol?

answer: Brian Dunkleman

text: Brian Dunkleman

question: What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?

answer: Paula Abdul

text: Paula Abdul

question: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?

answer: Jennifer Lopez

text: Jennifer Lopez

question: Which original judge was a record producer and music manager?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: Which original judge was a choreographer?

answer: Paula Abdul

text: Paula Abdul

question: Which original judge was a music executive?

answer: Simon Cowell

text: Simon Cowell

question: Which judge is a country music singer?

answer: Keith Urban

text: Keith Urban

question: Which judge is a jazz singer?

answer: Harry Connick, Jr.

text: Harry Connick, Jr.