text: Beyoncé and husband Jay Z are friends with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama. She performed "America the Beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "At Last" during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later. Beyoncé and Jay Z held a fundraiser at the latter's 40/40 Club in Manhattan for Obama's 2012 presidential campaign which raised $4 million. Beyoncé uploaded pictures of her paper ballot on Tumblr, confirming she had voted in support for the Democratic Party and to encourage others to do so. She also performed the American national anthem at his second inauguration, singing along with a pre-recorded track. She publicly endorsed same sex marriage on March 26, 2013, after the Supreme Court debate on California's Proposition 8. In July 2013, Beyoncé and Jay-Z attended a rally in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman for the shooting of Trayvon Martin.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: husband

text: Jay

text: Z

text: are

text: friends

text: with

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: and

text: First

text: Lady

text: Michelle

text: Obama

text: She

text: performed

text: America

text: the

text: Beautiful

text: at

text: the

text: presidential

text: inauguration

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: At

text: Last

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: inaugural

text: dance

text: at

text: the

text: Neighborhood

text: Ball

text: two

text: days

text: later

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: held

text: a

text: fundraiser

text: at

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: Club

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: for

text: Obama

text: 's

text: presidential

text: campaign

text: which

text: raised

text: million

text: Beyoncé

text: uploaded

text: pictures

text: of

text: her

text: paper

text: ballot

text: on

text: Tumblr

text: confirming

text: she

text: had

text: voted

text: in

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: and

text: to

text: encourage

text: others

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: She

text: also

text: performed

text: the

text: American

text: national

text: anthem

text: at

text: his

text: second

text: inauguration

text: singing

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: pre

text: recorded

text: track

text: She

text: publicly

text: endorsed

text: same

text: sex

text: marriage

text: on

text: March

text: after

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: debate

text: on

text: California

text: 's

text: Proposition

text: In

text: July

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: attended

text: a

text: rally

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: acquittal

text: of

text: George

text: Zimmerman

text: for

text: the

text: shooting

text: of

text: Trayvon

text: Martin

question: Beyonce and Jay-Z went to a rally for the acquittal of whom?

answer: George Zimmerman

text: George Zimmerman

question: Beyonce sang which song during the 2009 presidential inauguration?

answer: America the Beautiful

text: America the Beautiful

question: How much did Beyonce raise for Obama at the 40/40 Club?

answer: 4 million

text: 4 million

question: What did she endorse on March 26, 2013?

answer: same sex marriage

text: same sex marriage

question: What did they attend in July 2013?

answer: a rally

text: a rally

question: What did she sing at the 2009 Presidential Inauguration?

answer: America the Beautiful

text: America the Beautiful

question: What song did Beyoncé perform at the 2009 inauguration of Obama?

answer: America the Beautiful

text: America the Beautiful

question: What song did Beyoncé perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas.

answer: At Last

text: At Last

question: What social media platform did Beyoncé upload a picture of her paper ballot on?

answer: Tumblr

text: Tumblr

question: When did Beyoncé endorse on March 26, 2013?

answer: same sex marriage

text: same sex marriage


text: Poland's AA defences were no match for the German attack and the situation was similar in other European countries. Significant AA warfare started with the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940. 3.7-inch HAA were to provide the backbone of the groundbased AA defences, although initially significant numbers of 3-inch 20-cwt were also used. The Army's Anti-aircraft command, which was under command of the Air Defence UK organisation, grew to 12 AA divisions in 3 AA corps. 40-mm Bofors entered service in increasing numbers. In addition the RAF regiment was formed in 1941 with responsibility for airfield air defence, eventually with Bofors 40mm as their main armament. Fixed AA defences, using HAA and LAA, were established by the Army in key overseas places, notably Malta, Suez Canal and Singapore.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Poland

text: 's

text: AA

text: defences

text: were

text: no

text: match

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: attack

text: and

text: the

text: situation

text: was

text: similar

text: in

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: Significant

text: AA

text: warfare

text: started

text: with

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: HAA

text: were

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: backbone

text: of

text: the

text: groundbased

text: AA

text: defences

text: although

text: initially

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: The

text: Army

text: 's

text: Anti

text: aircraft

text: command

text: which

text: was

text: under

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Defence

text: UK

text: organisation

text: grew

text: to

text: AA

text: divisions

text: in

text: AA

text: corps

text: Bofors

text: entered

text: service

text: in

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: RAF

text: regiment

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: with

text: responsibility

text: for

text: airfield

text: air

text: defence

text: eventually

text: with

text: Bofors

text: mm

text: as

text: their

text: main

text: armament

text: Fixed

text: AA

text: defences

text: using

text: HAA

text: and

text: LAA

text: were

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Army

text: in

text: key

text: overseas

text: places

text: notably

text: Malta

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: Singapore

question: Poland and other European countries could not defend against what?

answer: German attack

text: German attack

question: What battle marked the beginning of significant antiaircraft warfare?

answer: Battle of Britain

text: Battle of Britain

question: What was under command of the Air Defence UK orgnisation?

answer: Army's Anti-aircraft command

text: Army's Anti-aircraft command

question: The Air Defence UK grew to have how many antiaircraft corps?

answer: 3

question: What was formed in 1941 to protect airfields?

answer: RAF regiment

text: RAF regiment


text: The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: gene

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: refined

text: as

text: new

text: phenomena

text: are

text: discovered

text: For

text: example

text: regulatory

text: regions

text: of

text: a

text: gene

text: can

text: be

text: far

text: removed

text: from

text: its

text: coding

text: regions

text: and

text: coding

text: regions

text: can

text: be

text: split

text: into

text: several

text: exons

text: Some

text: viruses

text: store

text: their

text: genome

text: in

text: RNA

text: instead

text: of

text: DNA

text: and

text: some

text: gene

text: products

text: are

text: functional

text: non

text: coding

text: RNAs

text: Therefore

text: a

text: broad

text: modern

text: working

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: gene

text: is

text: any

text: discrete

text: locus

text: of

text: heritable

text: genomic

text: sequence

text: which

text: affect

text: an

text: organism

text: 's

text: traits

text: by

text: being

text: expressed

text: as

text: a

text: functional

text: product

text: or

text: by

text: regulation

text: of

text: gene

text: expression

question: What can regulatory regions of a gene be far removed from?

answer: its coding regions

text: its coding regions

question: What can coding regions be split into?

answer: several exons

text: several exons

question: What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?

answer: RNA

text: RNA

question: What are some gene products?

answer: functional non-coding RNAs

text: functional non-coding RNAs

question: What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene?

answer: any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product

text: any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product


text: Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary to religious considerations and the renewed empire used Christianity as a tool to support its cohesion and promoted a robust Roman national identity. Concurrently the secular, urban civilization of late antiquity survived in the Eastern Mediterranean along with Greco-Roman educational system, although it was from Christianity that the culture's essential values were drawn.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Of

text: the

text: new

text: eastern

text: religions

text: introduced

text: into

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: was

text: Christianity

text: From

text: the

text: early

text: centuries

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Era

text: the

text: Greeks

text: identified

text: as

text: Romaioi

text: Romans

text: by

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: name

text: Hellenes’

text: denoted

text: pagans

text: While

text: ethnic

text: distinctions

text: still

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: they

text: became

text: secondary

text: to

text: religious

text: considerations

text: and

text: the

text: renewed

text: empire

text: used

text: Christianity

text: as

text: a

text: tool

text: to

text: support

text: its

text: cohesion

text: and

text: promoted

text: a

text: robust

text: Roman

text: national

text: identity

text: Concurrently

text: the

text: secular

text: urban

text: civilization

text: of

text: late

text: antiquity

text: survived

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: along

text: with

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: educational

text: system

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: from

text: Christianity

text: that

text: the

text: culture

text: 's

text: essential

text: values

text: were

text: drawn

question: What alternative name were the Greeks known by ?

answer: the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans")

text: the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans")

question: What did the label of  Hellenes come to stand for during the Common Era of Greece ?

answer: the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans

text: the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans

question: Did the Roman world consider one ethnocentric lineage to be a great concern ?

answer: secondary to religious considerations

text: secondary to religious considerations

question: What imperative value was extolled from the Christian community to the Roman world ?

answer: Greco-Roman educational system, although it was from Christianity that the culture's essential values were drawn.

text: Greco-Roman educational system, although it was from Christianity that the culture's essential values were drawn.


text: Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island. Eventually Boston became a center of the abolitionist movement. The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: port

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: triangular

text: slave

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: colonies

text: but

text: was

text: soon

text: overtaken

text: by

text: Salem

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: Newport

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: Eventually

text: Boston

text: became

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: abolitionist

text: movement

text: The

text: city

text: reacted

text: strongly

text: to

text: the

text: Fugitive

text: Slave

text: Law

text: of

text: contributing

text: to

text: President

text: Franklin

text: Pierce

text: 's

text: attempt

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: Boston

text: after

text: the

text: Anthony

text: Burns

text: Fugitive

text: Slave

text: Case

question: Boston was overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts in what type of trade?

answer: slave trade

text: slave trade

question: What movement did Boston become the center of after it stopped slave trade?

answer: the abolitionist movement

text: the abolitionist movement

question: What law involving slaves did the city react strongly to?

answer: the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

text: the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

question: What President attempted to make an example out of Boston due to it's view on the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case?

answer: Franklin Pierce

text: Franklin Pierce


text: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Ministers

text: and

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: the

text: Defence

text: Staff

text: are

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: civilian

text: scientific

text: and

text: professional

text: military

text: advisors

text: The

text: Permanent

text: Under

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Defence

text: generally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Permanent

text: Secretary

text: is

text: the

text: senior

text: civil

text: servant

text: at

text: the

text: MoD.

text: His

text: or

text: her

text: role

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: MoD

text: operates

text: effectively

text: as

text: a

text: department

text: of

text: the

text: government

question: Who is supported by civilian, scientific, and professional military advisors?

answer: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff

text: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff

question: What is the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence generally known as?

answer: Permanent Secretary

text: Permanent Secretary

question: Where does the Permanent Secretary serve as the senior civil servant?

answer: MoD

text: MoD

question: What is the role of the Permanent Secretary?

answer: to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government

text: to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government


text: The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: of

text: Delhi

text: is

text: the

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: India

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: is

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: as

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: is

text: vested

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: powers

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: constitution

text: if

text: a

text: law

text: passed

text: by

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: legislative

text: assembly

text: is

text: repugnant

text: to

text: any

text: law

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: India

text: then

text: the

text: law

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: parliament

text: will

text: prevail

text: over

text: the

text: law

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: assembly

question: What is the official title of Delhi's head of state?

answer: Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi

text: Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi

question: Who is responsible for appointing the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi?

answer: President of India

text: President of India

question: Which takes precedent when a law passed by Parliament conflicts with a law passed by Delhi's Legislative assembly?

answer: the law enacted by the parliament

text: the law enacted by the parliament

question: What government body advises the president on appointing a Lieutenant Governor?

answer: the Central government

text: the Central government

question: Which government position is given most of the executive powers over Delhi?

answer: Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi

text: Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi


text: The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes. New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: iconic

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Subway

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: when

text: measured

text: by

text: stations

text: in

text: operation

text: with

text: and

text: by

text: length

text: of

text: routes

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: subway

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: nearly

text: the

text: entire

text: system

text: remaining

text: open

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: overnight

text: shutdown

text: common

text: to

text: systems

text: in

text: most

text: cities

text: including

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: London

text: Paris

text: Seoul

text: and

text: Tokyo

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Subway

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: busiest

text: metropolitan

text: rail

text: transit

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: with

text: billion

text: passengers

text: rides

text: in

text: while

text: Grand

text: Central

text: Terminal

text: also

text: popularly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Grand

text: Central

text: Station

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: railway

text: station

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: train

text: platforms

question: Which subway system is considered the largest in the world?

answer: New York City Subway system

text: New York City Subway system

question: How many stations does the  New York City Subway system contain?

answer: 469

question: Which station is known as the world's biggest railroad station?

answer: Grand Central Station

text: Grand Central Station

question: How many people rode the New York City Subway in 2014?

answer: 1.75 billion

text: 1.75 billion

question: What is the nickname given to Grand Central Terminal?

answer: Grand Central Station

text: Grand Central Station


text: Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 °C (52 °F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C (37 and 39 °F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17–19 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 °C (66 °F).

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: Plymouth

text: has

text: a

text: temperate

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Cfb

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: wetter

text: and

text: milder

text: than

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: England

text: This

text: means

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: exotic

text: plants

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: The

text: annual

text: mean

text: temperature

text: is

text: approximately

text: C

text: F

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: modifying

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: the

text: seasonal

text: range

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: summer

text: highs

text: are

text: lower

text: than

text: its

text: southerly

text: latitude

text: should

text: warrant

text: but

text: as

text: a

text: contrast

text: the

text: coldest

text: month

text: of

text: February

text: has

text: mean

text: minimum

text: temperatures

text: as

text: mild

text: as

text: between

text: and

text: C

text: and

text: F

text: Snow

text: is

text: rare

text: not

text: usually

text: equating

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: few

text: flakes

text: but

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: exclusions

text: namely

text: the

text: European

text: winter

text: storms

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: early

text: January

text: covered

text: Plymouth

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: inch

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: more

text: on

text: higher

text: ground

text: Another

text: period

text: of

text: notable

text: snow

text: occurred

text: from

text: December

text: when

text: up

text: to

text: inches

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: fell

text: through

text: the

text: period

text: though

text: only

text: inches

text: cm

text: would

text: lie

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: due

text: to

text: melt

text: Over

text: the

text: period

text: annual

text: snowfall

text: accumulation

text: averaged

text: less

text: than

text: cm

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: are

text: the

text: warmest

text: months

text: with

text: mean

text: daily

text: maxima

text: over

text: C

text: F

question: What Köppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?

answer: temperate oceanic

text: temperate oceanic

question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?

answer: 52

question: What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?

answer: February

text: February

question: Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?

answer: 20

question: Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?

answer: July

text: July


text: The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: The

text: modern

text: era

text: of

text: comics

text: in

text: Japan

text: began

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: propelled

text: by

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: serialized

text: comics

text: of

text: the

text: prolific

text: Osamu

text: Tezuka

text: and

text: the

text: comic

text: strip

text: Sazae

text: san

text: Genres

text: and

text: audiences

text: diversified

text: over

text: the

text: following

text: decades

text: Stories

text: are

text: usually

text: first

text: serialized

text: in

text: magazines

text: which

text: are

text: often

text: hundreds

text: of

text: pages

text: thick

text: and

text: may

text: over

text: a

text: dozen

text: stories

text: they

text: are

text: later

text: compiled

text: in

text: tankōbon

text: format

text: books

text: At

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: nearly

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: all

text: printed

text: material

text: in

text: Japan

text: was

text: comics

text: translations

text: became

text: extremely

text: popular

text: in

text: foreign

text: markets

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: equaling

text: or

text: surpassing

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: domestic

text: comics

question: What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka?

answer: Sazae-san

text: Sazae-san

question: Where were comic strip stories first serialized?

answer: magazines

text: magazines

question: What is considered the start of the modern comics in Japan?

answer: after World War II

text: after World War II


text: In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: organized

text: crime

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: FBI

text: created

text: the

text: Top

text: Hoodlum

text: Program

text: The

text: national

text: office

text: directed

text: field

text: offices

text: to

text: gather

text: information

text: on

text: mobsters

text: in

text: their

text: territories

text: and

text: to

text: report

text: it

text: regularly

text: to

text: Washington

text: for

text: a

text: centralized

text: collection

text: of

text: intelligence

text: on

text: racketeers

text: After

text: the

text: Racketeer

text: Influenced

text: and

text: Corrupt

text: Organizations

text: Act

text: or

text: RICO

text: Act

text: took

text: effect

text: the

text: FBI

text: began

text: investigating

text: the

text: former

text: Prohibition

text: organized

text: groups

text: which

text: had

text: become

text: fronts

text: for

text: crime

text: in

text: major

text: cities

text: and

text: small

text: towns

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: FBI

text: work

text: was

text: done

text: undercover

text: and

text: from

text: within

text: these

text: organizations

text: using

text: the

text: provisions

text: provided

text: in

text: the

text: RICO

text: Act

text: Gradually

text: the

text: agency

text: dismantled

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: groups

text: Although

text: Hoover

text: initially

text: denied

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: National

text: Crime

text: Syndicate

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Bureau

text: later

text: conducted

text: operations

text: against

text: known

text: organized

text: crime

text: syndicates

text: and

text: families

text: including

text: those

text: headed

text: by

text: Sam

text: Giancana

text: and

text: John

text: Gotti

text: The

text: RICO

text: Act

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: today

text: for

text: all

text: organized

text: crime

text: and

text: any

text: individuals

text: who

text: might

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: Act

question: What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?

answer: organized crime

text: organized crime

question: What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on?

answer: mobsters

text: mobsters

question: After the RICO Act took effect what did the FBI start investigating?

answer: former Prohibition-organized groups

text: former Prohibition-organized groups

question: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?

answer: National Crime Syndicate

text: National Crime Syndicate

question: Is the RICO Act still used today?

answer: The RICO Act is still used

text: The RICO Act is still used


text: Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for the public competition for Downing College, Cambridge that announced the Greek style was to be the dominant idiom in architecture. Wilkins and Robert Smirke went on to build some of the most important buildings of the era, including the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (1808–09), the General Post Office (1824–29) and the British Museum (1823–48), Wilkins University College London (1826–30) and the National Gallery (1832–38). In Scotland, Thomas Hamilton (1784–1858), in collaboration with the artists Andrew Wilson (1780–1848) and Hugh William Williams (1773–1829) created monuments and buildings of international significance; the Burns Monument at Alloway (1818) and the (Royal) High School in Edinburgh (1823–29).

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: Seen

text: in

text: its

text: wider

text: social

text: context

text: Greek

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: sounded

text: a

text: new

text: note

text: of

text: sobriety

text: and

text: restraint

text: in

text: public

text: buildings

text: in

text: Britain

text: around

text: as

text: an

text: assertion

text: of

text: nationalism

text: attendant

text: on

text: the

text: Act

text: of

text: Union

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: and

text: the

text: clamour

text: for

text: political

text: reform

text: It

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: William

text: Wilkins

text: 's

text: winning

text: design

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: competition

text: for

text: Downing

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: that

text: announced

text: the

text: Greek

text: style

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: dominant

text: idiom

text: in

text: architecture

text: Wilkins

text: and

text: Robert

text: Smirke

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: build

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: buildings

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: including

text: the

text: Theatre

text: Royal

text: Covent

text: Garden

text: the

text: General

text: Post

text: Office

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Museum

text: Wilkins

text: University

text: College

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Gallery

text: In

text: Scotland

text: Thomas

text: Hamilton

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: the

text: artists

text: Andrew

text: Wilson

text: and

text: Hugh

text: William

text: Williams

text: created

text: monuments

text: and

text: buildings

text: of

text: international

text: significance

text: the

text: Burns

text: Monument

text: at

text: Alloway

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: High

text: School

text: in

text: Edinburgh

question: Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture?

answer: William Wilkins

text: William Wilkins

question: What monument was created in 1818?

answer: Burns Monument at Alloway

text: Burns Monument at Alloway

question: When was the General Post Office built?

answer: 1824–29

question: In what year was the British Museum built?

answer: 1823–48

question: When was the National Gallery constructed?

answer: 1832–38


text: The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe. Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire. Though it would later be re-established, it would never recover its former glory. The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. The Reconquista, a related movement, worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: The

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Crusades

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: religiously

text: motivated

text: military

text: expeditions

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: Levant

text: back

text: into

text: Christian

text: rule

text: began

text: Several

text: Crusader

text: states

text: were

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: These

text: were

text: all

text: short

text: lived

text: The

text: Crusaders

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: profound

text: impact

text: on

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: Their

text: Sack

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: brought

text: an

text: abrupt

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: Though

text: it

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: re

text: established

text: it

text: would

text: never

text: recover

text: its

text: former

text: glory

text: The

text: Crusaders

text: would

text: establish

text: trade

text: routes

text: that

text: would

text: develop

text: into

text: the

text: Silk

text: Road

text: and

text: open

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: merchant

text: republics

text: of

text: Genoa

text: and

text: Venice

text: to

text: become

text: major

text: economic

text: powers

text: The

text: Reconquista

text: a

text: related

text: movement

text: worked

text: to

text: reconquer

text: Iberia

text: for

text: Christendom

question: What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?

answer: the Crusades

text: the Crusades

question: When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?

answer: 1204

question: Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders?

answer: Genoa and Venice

text: Genoa and Venice

question: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?

answer: The Reconquista

text: The Reconquista

question: What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?

answer: the Byzantine Empire

text: the Byzantine Empire


text: Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 intake & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Education with the help of UNESCO in 1969. The amount of RM24.5 million is used to fund the pioneer of Politeknik Ungku Omar located in Ipoh, Perak from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Polytechnics

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: has

text: been

text: operated

text: for

text: almost

text: years

text: The

text: institutions

text: provide

text: courses

text: for

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Science

text: BSc

text: offer

text: at

text: Premier

text: Polytechnics

text: for

text: September

text: intake

text: intake

text: Advanced

text: Diploma

text: Diploma

text: and

text: Special

text: Skills

text: Certificate

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: UNESCO

text: in

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: million

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: fund

text: the

text: pioneer

text: of

text: Politeknik

text: Ungku

text: Omar

text: located

text: in

text: Ipoh

text: Perak

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Program

text: UNDP

question: What country has operated polytechnic institutes for nearly 44 years?

answer: Malaysia

text: Malaysia

question: What international organization partnered with Malaysia's Ministry of Education in 1969?

answer: UNESCO

text: UNESCO

question: In what city in the state of Perak is the Politeknik Ungku Omar located?

answer: Ipoh

text: Ipoh


text: "Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther." They undoubtedly saw a need to separate the Biblical lands from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire. The Christians saw the country as the land of the Old and New Testaments, where Christianity had developed. The scholars in the field of studies that eventually became Biblical archaeology attempted to define it on the basis of archaeology.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Near

text: East

text: remained

text: popular

text: in

text: diplomatic

text: trade

text: and

text: journalistic

text: circles

text: but

text: a

text: variation

text: soon

text: developed

text: among

text: the

text: scholars

text: and

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: cloth

text: and

text: their

text: associates

text: the

text: Nearer

text: East

text: reverting

text: to

text: the

text: classical

text: and

text: then

text: more

text: scholarly

text: distinction

text: of

text: nearer

text: and

text: farther

text: They

text: undoubtedly

text: saw

text: a

text: need

text: to

text: separate

text: the

text: Biblical

text: lands

text: from

text: the

text: terrain

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: Christians

text: saw

text: the

text: country

text: as

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: and

text: New

text: Testaments

text: where

text: Christianity

text: had

text: developed

text: The

text: scholars

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: studies

text: that

text: eventually

text: became

text: Biblical

text: archaeology

text: attempted

text: to

text: define

text: it

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: archaeology

question: What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?

answer: "Near East"

text: "Near East"

question: What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates?

answer: "the Nearer East,"

text: "the Nearer East,"

question: There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire?

answer: the Biblical lands

text: the Biblical lands

question: What did the Christians see the country as?

answer: the land of the Old and New Testaments

text: the land of the Old and New Testaments

question: How did the scholars attempt their definition?

answer: on the basis of archaeology

text: on the basis of archaeology


text: In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as "Black people," solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination. Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: In

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: ruled

text: that

text: Chinese

text: South

text: Africans

text: who

text: were

text: residents

text: during

text: the

text: apartheid

text: era

text: and

text: their

text: descendants

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: reclassified

text: as

text: Black

text: people

text: solely

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: accessing

text: affirmative

text: action

text: benefits

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: disadvantaged

text: by

text: racial

text: discrimination

text: Chinese

text: people

text: who

text: arrived

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: apartheid

text: do

text: not

text: qualify

text: for

text: such

text: benefits

question: Who declared Chinese South Africans as "Black People"?

answer: the High Court in South Africa

text: the High Court in South Africa

question: What year did this ruling happen?

answer: 2008

question: Why was this classification made?

answer: solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits

text: solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits

question: What Chinese people did not qualify for benefits?

answer: Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid

text: Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid

question: Why did some Chinese citizens qualify for benefits?

answer: they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination.

text: they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination.


text: Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This way the distance the bomber travelled along the beam could be precisely verified. Direction-finding checks also enabled the controller to keep the crew on an exact course. The crew would be ordered to drop their bombs either by issue of a code word by the ground controller, or at the conclusion of the signal transmissions which would stop. Although its maximum usable range was similar to the previous systems, it was not unknown for specific buildings to be hit.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Y

text: Gerät

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: effect

text: an

text: automatic

text: beam

text: tracking

text: system

text: operated

text: through

text: the

text: bomber

text: 's

text: autopilot

text: The

text: single

text: approach

text: beam

text: along

text: which

text: the

text: bomber

text: tracked

text: was

text: monitored

text: by

text: a

text: ground

text: controller

text: The

text: signals

text: from

text: the

text: station

text: were

text: retransmitted

text: by

text: the

text: bomber

text: 's

text: equipment

text: This

text: way

text: the

text: distance

text: the

text: bomber

text: travelled

text: along

text: the

text: beam

text: could

text: be

text: precisely

text: verified

text: Direction

text: finding

text: checks

text: also

text: enabled

text: the

text: controller

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: crew

text: on

text: an

text: exact

text: course

text: The

text: crew

text: would

text: be

text: ordered

text: to

text: drop

text: their

text: bombs

text: either

text: by

text: issue

text: of

text: a

text: code

text: word

text: by

text: the

text: ground

text: controller

text: or

text: at

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: signal

text: transmissions

text: which

text: would

text: stop

text: Although

text: its

text: maximum

text: usable

text: range

text: was

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: systems

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: unknown

text: for

text: specific

text: buildings

text: to

text: be

text: hit

question: Which system was the most complex of the three?

answer: Y-Gerät

text: Y-Gerät

question: Who operated the automatic beam system?

answer: the bomber's autopilot

text: the bomber's autopilot

question: What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course?

answer: Direction-finding

text: Direction-finding

question: The crew could be order to drop the bomb by what?

answer: a code word

text: a code word

question: Who issued the code word to the bombers?

answer: ground controller

text: ground controller


text: New Haven is repeatedly referenced by Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary classic The Great Gatsby, as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns, a character from The Simpsons television show. A fictional native of New Haven is Alex Welch from the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Icelandic Flock. The TV show Gilmore Girls is set (but not filmed) in New Haven and at Yale University, as are scenes in the film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008).

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: repeatedly

text: referenced

text: by

text: Nick

text: Carraway

text: in

text: F.

text: Scott

text: Fitzgerald

text: 's

text: literary

text: classic

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: by

text: fellow

text: fictional

text: Yale

text: alumnus

text: C.

text: Montgomery

text: Burns

text: a

text: character

text: from

text: The

text: Simpsons

text: television

text: show

text: A

text: fictional

text: native

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: Alex

text: Welch

text: from

text: the

text: novella

text: The

text: Odd

text: Saga

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: and

text: a

text: Curious

text: Icelandic

text: Flock

text: The

text: TV

text: show

text: Gilmore

text: Girls

text: is

text: set

text: but

text: not

text: filmed

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: and

text: at

text: Yale

text: University

text: as

text: are

text: scenes

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Sisterhood

text: of

text: the

text: Traveling

text: Pants

question: In what Fitzgerald classic does the fictional protagonist make repeated references to New Haven?

answer: The Great Gatsby

text: The Great Gatsby

question: Who is the fictional Yale University alumnus, and ostensible former resident of New Haven, featured on The Simpsons?

answer: C. Montgomery Burns

text: C. Montgomery Burns

question: What fictional New Haven resident is featured in the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Iceland Flock?

answer: Alex Welch

text: Alex Welch

question: At what New Haven university is The Gilmore Girls hypothetically set, at least in part?

answer: Yale

text: Yale

question: The city of New Haven was often referenced several time by a character in a very popular novel which name was?

answer: The Great Gatsby

text: The Great Gatsby

question: The Simpson has a character that was set to graduated from Yale University, can you guess his name?

answer: Montgomery Burns

text: Montgomery Burns

question: What relations does the television show Gilmore Girls have to New Haven city?

answer: is set (but not filmed) in New Haven

text: is set (but not filmed) in New Haven


text: Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare that extended royal legislation and increased the lands they directly controlled. Paying for the wars required that methods of taxation become more effective and efficient, and the rate of taxation often increased. The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Strong

text: royalty

text: based

text: nation

text: states

text: rose

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: particularly

text: in

text: England

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Christian

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: Aragon

text: Castile

text: and

text: Portugal

text: The

text: long

text: conflicts

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: strengthened

text: royal

text: control

text: over

text: their

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: were

text: extremely

text: hard

text: on

text: the

text: peasantry

text: Kings

text: profited

text: from

text: warfare

text: that

text: extended

text: royal

text: legislation

text: and

text: increased

text: the

text: lands

text: they

text: directly

text: controlled

text: Paying

text: for

text: the

text: wars

text: required

text: that

text: methods

text: of

text: taxation

text: become

text: more

text: effective

text: and

text: efficient

text: and

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: taxation

text: often

text: increased

text: The

text: requirement

text: to

text: obtain

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: taxpayers

text: allowed

text: representative

text: bodies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: English

text: Parliament

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Estates

text: General

text: to

text: gain

text: power

text: and

text: authority

question: Along with Aragon and Castile, what Christian kingdom was present on the Iberian Peninsula?

answer: Portugal

text: Portugal

question: Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period?

answer: Paying for the wars

text: Paying for the wars

question: What English representative body provided consent for royal taxation?

answer: Parliament

text: Parliament

question: What French body was similar in purpose to the English Parliament?

answer: Estates General

text: Estates General

question: What social class was harmed by the lengthy wars of this era?

answer: the peasantry

text: the peasantry


text: In the aftermath, all power was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown, which began to administer most of India as a number of provinces. The Crown controlled the Company's lands directly and had considerable indirect influence over the rest of India, which consisted of the Princely states ruled by local royal families. There were officially 565 princely states in 1947, but only 21 had actual state governments, and only three were large (Mysore, Hyderabad and Kashmir). They were absorbed into the independent nation in 1947–48.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: all

text: power

text: was

text: transferred

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: which

text: began

text: to

text: administer

text: most

text: of

text: India

text: as

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: provinces

text: The

text: Crown

text: controlled

text: the

text: Company

text: 's

text: lands

text: directly

text: and

text: had

text: considerable

text: indirect

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: India

text: which

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Princely

text: states

text: ruled

text: by

text: local

text: royal

text: families

text: There

text: were

text: officially

text: princely

text: states

text: in

text: but

text: only

text: had

text: actual

text: state

text: governments

text: and

text: only

text: three

text: were

text: large

text: Mysore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: They

text: were

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

question: To what entity was all the power of the East India Company transferred?

answer: British Crown

text: British Crown

question: How did Britain govern the vast area of India?

answer: provinces

text: provinces

question: Over what did Britain have direct control?

answer: Company's lands

text: Company's lands

question: What kind of influence did the British Crown have over the rest of India that was not under Company rule?

answer: indirect influence

text: indirect influence

question: How many princely states were there in India in 1947?

answer: 565


text: The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-serving of the cardinal bishops.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: The

text: Dean

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: or

text: Cardinal

text: dean

text: is

text: the

text: primus

text: inter

text: pares

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: cardinal

text: bishops

text: holding

text: suburbicarian

text: sees

text: from

text: among

text: their

text: own

text: number

text: an

text: election

text: however

text: that

text: must

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: Formerly

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: dean

text: belonged

text: by

text: right

text: to

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: of

text: the

text: cardinal

text: bishops

question: In the College of Cardinals, the elected Dean needs the approval of who?

answer: the Pope

text: the Pope


text: The Macintosh's minimal memory became apparent, even compared with other personal computers in 1984, and could not be expanded easily. It also lacked a hard disk drive or the means to easily attach one. Many small companies sprang up to address the memory issue. Suggestions revolved around either upgrading the memory to 512 KB or removing the computer's 16 memory chips and replacing them with larger-capacity chips, a tedious and difficult operation. In October 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh 512K, with quadruple the memory of the original, at a price of US$3,195. It also offered an upgrade for 128k Macs that involved replacing the logic board.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: Macintosh

text: 's

text: minimal

text: memory

text: became

text: apparent

text: even

text: compared

text: with

text: other

text: personal

text: computers

text: in

text: and

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: expanded

text: easily

text: It

text: also

text: lacked

text: a

text: hard

text: disk

text: drive

text: or

text: the

text: means

text: to

text: easily

text: attach

text: one

text: Many

text: small

text: companies

text: sprang

text: up

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: memory

text: issue

text: Suggestions

text: revolved

text: around

text: either

text: upgrading

text: the

text: memory

text: to

text: KB

text: or

text: removing

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: memory

text: chips

text: and

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: larger

text: capacity

text: chips

text: a

text: tedious

text: and

text: difficult

text: operation

text: In

text: October

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: K

text: with

text: quadruple

text: the

text: memory

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: at

text: a

text: price

text: of

text: US$

text: It

text: also

text: offered

text: an

text: upgrade

text: for

text: Macs

text: that

text: involved

text: replacing

text: the

text: logic

text: board

question: What part of the Mac's could not be expanded easily in 1984?

answer: memory

text: memory

question: What did Mac's lack in 1984 and have no means to easily attach?

answer: a hard disk drive

text: a hard disk drive

question: What did some small companies suggest Mac's 16 memory chips be replaced with?

answer: larger-capacity chips

text: larger-capacity chips

question: How much more memory did Apple's Macintosh 512K, introduced in 1984, have than the original?

answer: quadruple

text: quadruple

question: What was replaced in the upgrade that was offered for 128k Macs?

answer: the logic board

text: the logic board


text: Humans and animals exposed to vacuum will lose consciousness after a few seconds and die of hypoxia within minutes, but the symptoms are not nearly as graphic as commonly depicted in media and popular culture. The reduction in pressure lowers the temperature at which blood and other body fluids boil, but the elastic pressure of blood vessels ensures that this boiling point remains above the internal body temperature of 37 °C. Although the blood will not boil, the formation of gas bubbles in bodily fluids at reduced pressures, known as ebullism, is still a concern. The gas may bloat the body to twice its normal size and slow circulation, but tissues are elastic and porous enough to prevent rupture. Swelling and ebullism can be restrained by containment in a flight suit. Shuttle astronauts wore a fitted elastic garment called the Crew Altitude Protection Suit (CAPS) which prevents ebullism at pressures as low as 2 kPa (15 Torr). Rapid boiling will cool the skin and create frost, particularly in the mouth, but this is not a significant hazard.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Humans

text: and

text: animals

text: exposed

text: to

text: vacuum

text: will

text: lose

text: consciousness

text: after

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: and

text: die

text: of

text: hypoxia

text: within

text: minutes

text: but

text: the

text: symptoms

text: are

text: not

text: nearly

text: as

text: graphic

text: as

text: commonly

text: depicted

text: in

text: media

text: and

text: popular

text: culture

text: The

text: reduction

text: in

text: pressure

text: lowers

text: the

text: temperature

text: at

text: which

text: blood

text: and

text: other

text: body

text: fluids

text: boil

text: but

text: the

text: elastic

text: pressure

text: of

text: blood

text: vessels

text: ensures

text: that

text: this

text: boiling

text: point

text: remains

text: above

text: the

text: internal

text: body

text: temperature

text: of

text: C

text: Although

text: the

text: blood

text: will

text: not

text: boil

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: gas

text: bubbles

text: in

text: bodily

text: fluids

text: at

text: reduced

text: pressures

text: known

text: as

text: ebullism

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: concern

text: The

text: gas

text: may

text: bloat

text: the

text: body

text: to

text: twice

text: its

text: normal

text: size

text: and

text: slow

text: circulation

text: but

text: tissues

text: are

text: elastic

text: and

text: porous

text: enough

text: to

text: prevent

text: rupture

text: Swelling

text: and

text: ebullism

text: can

text: be

text: restrained

text: by

text: containment

text: in

text: a

text: flight

text: suit

text: Shuttle

text: astronauts

text: wore

text: a

text: fitted

text: elastic

text: garment

text: called

text: the

text: Crew

text: Altitude

text: Protection

text: Suit

text: CAPS

text: which

text: prevents

text: ebullism

text: at

text: pressures

text: as

text: low

text: as

text: kPa

text: Torr

text: Rapid

text: boiling

text: will

text: cool

text: the

text: skin

text: and

text: create

text: frost

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: mouth

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: significant

text: hazard

question: When will a person or animal lose consciousness  when exposed to a vacuum?

answer: after a few seconds

text: after a few seconds

question: A shuttle astronauts prevents ebullism at 2 kPa with what item?

answer: the Crew Altitude Protection Suit (CAPS)

text: the Crew Altitude Protection Suit (CAPS)

question: What is the forming of gas bubbles in body fluids at a lowered pressure called?

answer: ebullism

text: ebullism

question: What prevents body rupture at low altitude when human body is bloated by gas bubbles?

answer: tissues are elastic and porous

text: tissues are elastic and porous


text: Feathers being critical to the survival of a bird, require maintenance. Apart from physical wear and tear, feathers face the onslaught of fungi, ectoparasitic feather mites and birdlice. The physical condition of feathers are maintained by preening often with the application of secretions from the preen gland. Birds also bathe in water or dust themselves. While some birds dip into shallow water, more aerial species may make aerial dips into water and arboreal species often make use of dew or rain that collect on leaves. Birds of arid regions make use of loose soil to dust-bathe. A behaviour termed as anting in which the bird encourages ants to run through their plumage is also thought to help them reduce the ectoparasite load in feathers. Many species will spread out their wings and expose them to direct sunlight and this too is thought to help in reducing fungal and ectoparasitic activity that may lead to feather damage.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Feathers

text: being

text: critical

text: to

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: a

text: bird

text: require

text: maintenance

text: Apart

text: from

text: physical

text: wear

text: and

text: tear

text: feathers

text: face

text: the

text: onslaught

text: of

text: fungi

text: ectoparasitic

text: feather

text: mites

text: and

text: birdlice

text: The

text: physical

text: condition

text: of

text: feathers

text: are

text: maintained

text: by

text: preening

text: often

text: with

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: secretions

text: from

text: the

text: preen

text: gland

text: Birds

text: also

text: bathe

text: in

text: water

text: or

text: dust

text: themselves

text: While

text: some

text: birds

text: dip

text: into

text: shallow

text: water

text: more

text: aerial

text: species

text: may

text: make

text: aerial

text: dips

text: into

text: water

text: and

text: arboreal

text: species

text: often

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: dew

text: or

text: rain

text: that

text: collect

text: on

text: leaves

text: Birds

text: of

text: arid

text: regions

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: loose

text: soil

text: to

text: dust

text: bathe

text: A

text: behaviour

text: termed

text: as

text: anting

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: bird

text: encourages

text: ants

text: to

text: run

text: through

text: their

text: plumage

text: is

text: also

text: thought

text: to

text: help

text: them

text: reduce

text: the

text: ectoparasite

text: load

text: in

text: feathers

text: Many

text: species

text: will

text: spread

text: out

text: their

text: wings

text: and

text: expose

text: them

text: to

text: direct

text: sunlight

text: and

text: this

text: too

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: help

text: in

text: reducing

text: fungal

text: and

text: ectoparasitic

text: activity

text: that

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: feather

text: damage

question: Birds preen often with the application of secretions from which gland?

answer: preen gland

text: preen gland

question: What do birds bathe in?

answer: water or dust

text: water or dust

question: What is anting?

answer: bird encourages ants to run through their plumage

text: bird encourages ants to run through their plumage

question: What is it called when birds encourage ants to run through their plumage?

answer: anting

text: anting


text: In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: In

text: the

text: simplest

text: case

text: a

text: single

text: connection

text: is

text: established

text: to

text: an

text: upstream

text: ISP

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: transmit

text: data

text: to

text: or

text: from

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: beyond

text: the

text: home

text: network

text: this

text: mode

text: of

text: interconnection

text: is

text: often

text: cascaded

text: multiple

text: times

text: until

text: reaching

text: a

text: tier

text: carrier

text: In

text: reality

text: the

text: situation

text: is

text: often

text: more

text: complex

text: ISPs

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: point

text: of

text: presence

text: PoP

text: may

text: have

text: separate

text: connections

text: to

text: an

text: upstream

text: ISP

text: at

text: multiple

text: PoPs

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: customers

text: of

text: multiple

text: upstream

text: ISPs

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: connections

text: to

text: each

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: at

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: point

text: of

text: presence

text: Transit

text: ISPs

text: provide

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: bandwidth

text: for

text: connecting

text: hosting

text: ISPs

text: and

text: access

text: ISPs

question: What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP?

answer: transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network

text: transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network

question: what do transit ISPs provide?

answer: large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs

text: large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs

question: A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what?

answer: a tier 1 carrier

text: a tier 1 carrier

question: What is a PoP?

answer: point of presence

text: point of presence

question: What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?

answer: Transit ISPs

text: Transit ISPs


text: There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: two

text: major

text: trends

text: in

text: the

text: changing

text: status

text: of

text: pet

text: dogs

text: The

text: first

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: commodification

text: of

text: the

text: dog

text: shaping

text: it

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: human

text: expectations

text: of

text: personality

text: and

text: behaviour

text: The

text: second

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: broadening

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: and

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: include

text: dogs

text: as

text: dogs

text: within

text: everyday

text: routines

text: and

text: practices

question: Shaping dogs to what people want is called what?

answer: commodification

text: commodification

question: The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?

answer: dogs.

text: dogs.

question: How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization?

answer: two

text: two

question: When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what?

answer: commodification

text: commodification

question: A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what?

answer: everyday routines

text: everyday routines


text: Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual yet pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II. There were 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. There were an average of about 600 murders a year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose four years later to 406 in 2006 and 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, there were 246 murders, which is a decrease of over 25% from the previous year, and a decrease of over 44% since 2007. And in 2014, there were 248 homicides, up by one since 2013.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Like

text: many

text: American

text: cities

text: Philadelphia

text: saw

text: a

text: gradual

text: yet

text: pronounced

text: rise

text: in

text: crime

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: There

text: were

text: murders

text: in

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: There

text: were

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: about

text: murders

text: a

text: year

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: The

text: murder

text: count

text: dropped

text: in

text: to

text: then

text: rose

text: four

text: years

text: later

text: to

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: A

text: few

text: years

text: later

text: Philadelphia

text: began

text: to

text: see

text: a

text: rapid

text: drop

text: in

text: homicides

text: and

text: violent

text: crime

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: murders

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: decrease

text: of

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: and

text: a

text: decrease

text: of

text: over

text: since

text: And

text: in

text: there

text: were

text: homicides

text: up

text: by

text: one

text: since

question: Did the crime rate go up or down after the War years?

answer: pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II

text: pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II

question: How many murders occurred in 1990?

answer: 525

question: What was the average murder rate during the 90's?

answer: 600

question: How many murders occurred in 2013?

answer: 246


text: The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: Richmond

text: area

text: also

text: has

text: two

text: railroad

text: stations

text: served

text: by

text: Amtrak

text: Each

text: station

text: receives

text: regular

text: service

text: from

text: north

text: of

text: Richmond

text: including

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: The

text: suburban

text: Staples

text: Mill

text: Road

text: Station

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: a

text: major

text: north

text: south

text: freight

text: line

text: and

text: receives

text: all

text: service

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: all

text: points

text: south

text: including

text: Raleigh

text: Durham

text: Savannah

text: Newport

text: News

text: Williamsburg

text: and

text: Florida

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: only

text: railway

text: station

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: the

text: historic

text: Main

text: Street

text: Station

text: was

text: renovated

text: in

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: station

text: only

text: receives

text: trains

text: headed

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: Newport

text: News

text: and

text: Williamsburg

text: due

text: to

text: track

text: layout

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: Staples

text: Mill

text: Road

text: station

text: receives

text: more

text: trains

text: and

text: serves

text: more

text: passengers

text: overall

question: What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond?

answer: Staples Mill Road Station

text: Staples Mill Road Station

question: What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper?

answer: Main Street Station

text: Main Street Station

question: In what year was Richmond's railroad station renovated?

answer: 2004

question: Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?

answer: Newport News

text: Newport News

question: Why does the Main Street Station only receive rail traffic from Newport News and Williamsburg?

answer: track layout

text: track layout


text: At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further children. The Dukes of Kent and Clarence married on the same day 12 months before Victoria's birth, but both of Clarence's daughters (born in 1819 and 1820 respectively) died as infants. Victoria's grandfather and father died in 1820, within a week of each other, and the Duke of York died in 1827. On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: At

text: birth

text: Victoria

text: was

text: fifth

text: in

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: succession

text: after

text: her

text: father

text: and

text: his

text: three

text: older

text: brothers

text: the

text: Prince

text: Regent

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: and

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Clarence

text: later

text: William

text: IV

text: The

text: Prince

text: Regent

text: and

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: were

text: estranged

text: from

text: their

text: wives

text: who

text: were

text: both

text: past

text: child

text: bearing

text: age

text: so

text: the

text: two

text: eldest

text: brothers

text: were

text: unlikely

text: to

text: have

text: any

text: further

text: children

text: The

text: Dukes

text: of

text: Kent

text: and

text: Clarence

text: married

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: months

text: before

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: birth

text: but

text: both

text: of

text: Clarence

text: 's

text: daughters

text: born

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: died

text: as

text: infants

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: grandfather

text: and

text: father

text: died

text: in

text: within

text: a

text: week

text: of

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: died

text: in

text: On

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: her

text: uncle

text: George

text: IV

text: in

text: Victoria

text: became

text: heiress

text: presumptive

text: to

text: her

text: next

text: surviving

text: uncle

text: William

text: IV

text: The

text: Regency

text: Act

text: made

text: special

text: provision

text: for

text: the

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Kent

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: regent

text: in

text: case

text: William

text: died

text: while

text: Victoria

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: minor

text: King

text: William

text: distrusted

text: the

text: Duchess

text: 's

text: capacity

text: to

text: be

text: regent

text: and

text: in

text: declared

text: in

text: her

text: presence

text: that

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: live

text: until

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: birthday

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: regency

text: could

text: be

text: avoided

question: What was Victorias place in line of succession to the throne when she was born?

answer: fifth

text: fifth

question: What year did Victoria's father and grandfather die?

answer: 1820

question: What year did Victorias Uncle George IV die?

answer: 1830

question: What was th elength of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and grandfather?

answer: within a week of each other

text: within a week of each other

question: What year did the Duke of York die?

answer: 1827

question: What place was Victoria in the line of succession after her birth?

answer: fifth

text: fifth

question: Whose infant daugheters both died, leaving him without an heir to the throne of England?

answer: Duke of Clarence

text: Duke of Clarence

question: When did George IV die?

answer: 1830

question: What was the Regency Act of 1830?

answer: made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor.

text: made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor.

question: Who distrusted the Duchesses capability to reign in Victoria's place until she became of age?

answer: King William

text: King William

question: Where did Victoria fall in the line of succession?

answer: fifth

text: fifth

question: Who came in line for the throne before Victoria?

answer: her father and his three older brothers

text: her father and his three older brothers

question: What happened when Victoria's Uncle George IV died?

answer: became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle

text: became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle

question: Who was Victoria's last surviving uncle?

answer: William IV

text: William IV

question: Who was to act as regent if George died while Victoria was still a minor?

answer: Duchess of Kent

text: Duchess of Kent


text: Other legal factors that have been implemented to end and reduce child labour includes the global response that came into force in 1979 by the declaration of the International Year of the Child. Along with the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, these two declarations worked on many levels to eliminate child labour. Although many actions have been taken to end this epidemic, child labour in Africa is still an issue today due to the unclear definition of adolescence and how much time is needed for children to engage in activities that are crucial for their development. Another issue that often comes into play is the link between what constitutes as child labour within the household due to the cultural acceptance of children helping run the family business. In the end, there is a consistent challenge for the national government to strengthen its grip politically on child labour, and to increase education and awareness on the issue of children working below the legal age limit. With children playing an important role in the African economy, child labour still plays an important role for many in the 20th century.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Other

text: legal

text: factors

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: implemented

text: to

text: end

text: and

text: reduce

text: child

text: labour

text: includes

text: the

text: global

text: response

text: that

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Year

text: of

text: the

text: Child

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: these

text: two

text: declarations

text: worked

text: on

text: many

text: levels

text: to

text: eliminate

text: child

text: labour

text: Although

text: many

text: actions

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: to

text: end

text: this

text: epidemic

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: Africa

text: is

text: still

text: an

text: issue

text: today

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: unclear

text: definition

text: of

text: adolescence

text: and

text: how

text: much

text: time

text: is

text: needed

text: for

text: children

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: activities

text: that

text: are

text: crucial

text: for

text: their

text: development

text: Another

text: issue

text: that

text: often

text: comes

text: into

text: play

text: is

text: the

text: link

text: between

text: what

text: constitutes

text: as

text: child

text: labour

text: within

text: the

text: household

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: cultural

text: acceptance

text: of

text: children

text: helping

text: run

text: the

text: family

text: business

text: In

text: the

text: end

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: consistent

text: challenge

text: for

text: the

text: national

text: government

text: to

text: strengthen

text: its

text: grip

text: politically

text: on

text: child

text: labour

text: and

text: to

text: increase

text: education

text: and

text: awareness

text: on

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: children

text: working

text: below

text: the

text: legal

text: age

text: limit

text: With

text: children

text: playing

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: economy

text: child

text: labour

text: still

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: for

text: many

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: What country is still an issue today with regards to child labour?

answer: Africa

text: Africa

question: What is an issue in Africa with child labour definitions?

answer: unclear definition of adolescence

text: unclear definition of adolescence

question: In Africa what is a cultural acceptance with regards to child labour?

answer: children helping run the family business.

text: children helping run the family business.


text: The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper. Established in 1881, and published on weekdays during the academic year, it is directed entirely by undergraduates. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university, being supported wholly by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine, having been established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School of Journalism. Published on weekdays, it consists of updates on news stories and special events inserted throughout the day and on weekends. North by Northwestern also publishes a quarterly print magazine. Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook. First published in 1885, the yearbook is an epitome of that year's events at Northwestern. Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students, it is distributed in late May. Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online. Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Started in 1979, it is published twice a year, a web issue in the Winter, and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring. The Protest is Northwestern's quarterly social justice magazine. The Northwestern division of Student Multicultural Affairs also supports publications such as NUAsian, a magazine and blog about Asian and Asian-American culture and the issues facing Asians and Asian-Americans, Ahora, a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life, BlackBoard Magazine about African-American life, and Al Bayan published by the Northwestern Muslim-cultural Student Association.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Daily

text: Northwestern

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: student

text: newspaper

text: Established

text: in

text: and

text: published

text: on

text: weekdays

text: during

text: the

text: academic

text: year

text: it

text: is

text: directed

text: entirely

text: by

text: undergraduates

text: Although

text: it

text: serves

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: community

text: the

text: Daily

text: has

text: no

text: business

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: being

text: supported

text: wholly

text: by

text: advertisers

text: It

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Students

text: Publishing

text: Company

text: North

text: by

text: Northwestern

text: is

text: an

text: online

text: undergraduate

text: magazine

text: having

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: September

text: by

text: students

text: at

text: the

text: Medill

text: School

text: of

text: Journalism

text: Published

text: on

text: weekdays

text: it

text: consists

text: of

text: updates

text: on

text: news

text: stories

text: and

text: special

text: events

text: inserted

text: throughout

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: on

text: weekends

text: North

text: by

text: Northwestern

text: also

text: publishes

text: a

text: quarterly

text: print

text: magazine

text: Syllabus

text: is

text: the

text: undergraduate

text: yearbook

text: First

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: yearbook

text: is

text: an

text: epitome

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: 's

text: events

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: Published

text: by

text: Students

text: Publishing

text: Company

text: and

text: edited

text: by

text: Northwestern

text: students

text: it

text: is

text: distributed

text: in

text: late

text: May.

text: Northwestern

text: Flipside

text: is

text: an

text: undergraduate

text: satirical

text: magazine

text: Founded

text: in

text: The

text: Flipside

text: publishes

text: a

text: weekly

text: issue

text: both

text: in

text: print

text: and

text: online

text: Helicon

text: is

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: undergraduate

text: literary

text: magazine

text: Started

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: published

text: twice

text: a

text: year

text: a

text: web

text: issue

text: in

text: the

text: Winter

text: and

text: a

text: print

text: issue

text: with

text: a

text: web

text: complement

text: in

text: the

text: Spring

text: The

text: Protest

text: is

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: quarterly

text: social

text: justice

text: magazine

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: division

text: of

text: Student

text: Multicultural

text: Affairs

text: also

text: supports

text: publications

text: such

text: as

text: NUAsian

text: a

text: magazine

text: and

text: blog

text: about

text: Asian

text: and

text: Asian

text: American

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: issues

text: facing

text: Asians

text: and

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: Ahora

text: a

text: magazine

text: about

text: Hispanic

text: and

text: Latino

text: a

text: culture

text: and

text: campus

text: life

text: BlackBoard

text: Magazine

text: about

text: African

text: American

text: life

text: and

text: Al

text: Bayan

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: Muslim

text: cultural

text: Student

text: Association

question: What is the name of Northwestern's main student newspaper?

answer: The Daily Northwestern

text: The Daily Northwestern

question: Who is The Daily Northwestern entirely directed by?

answer: undergraduates

text: undergraduates

question: What is the name of Northwestern's undergraduate yearbook?

answer: Syllabus

text: Syllabus

question: Who owns The Daily Northwestern?

answer: the Students Publishing Company

text: the Students Publishing Company

question: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2009?

answer: Northwestern Flipside

text: Northwestern Flipside


text: These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish officials. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23. After meetings beginning in June, rebels overcame the Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge (now in Louisiana), and unfurled the flag of the new republic: a single white star on a blue field. This flag would later become known as the "Bonnie Blue Flag".

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: These

text: American

text: settlers

text: established

text: a

text: permanent

text: foothold

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: and

text: ignored

text: Spanish

text: officials

text: The

text: British

text: settlers

text: who

text: had

text: remained

text: also

text: resented

text: Spanish

text: rule

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: rebellion

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: for

text: ninety

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Free

text: and

text: Independent

text: Republic

text: of

text: West

text: Florida

text: on

text: September

text: After

text: meetings

text: beginning

text: in

text: June

text: rebels

text: overcame

text: the

text: Spanish

text: garrison

text: at

text: Baton

text: Rouge

text: now

text: in

text: Louisiana

text: and

text: unfurled

text: the

text: flag

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: republic

text: a

text: single

text: white

text: star

text: on

text: a

text: blue

text: field

text: This

text: flag

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bonnie

text: Blue

text: Flag

question: What led to the rebellion in 1810

answer: Spanish rule

text: Spanish rule

question: What did the rebellion lead to

answer: the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23

text: the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23

question: What is known as the Bonnie Blue Flag

answer: a single white star on a blue field

text: a single white star on a blue field

question: What did the rebels overthrow during the rebellion

answer: Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge

text: Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge


text: Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Congo

text: 's

text: democratic

text: progress

text: was

text: derailed

text: in

text: when

text: Lissouba

text: and

text: Sassou

text: started

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: As

text: presidential

text: elections

text: scheduled

text: for

text: July

text: approached

text: tensions

text: between

text: the

text: Lissouba

text: and

text: Sassou

text: camps

text: mounted

text: On

text: June

text: President

text: Lissouba

text: 's

text: government

text: forces

text: surrounded

text: Sassou

text: 's

text: compound

text: in

text: Brazzaville

text: and

text: Sassou

text: ordered

text: members

text: of

text: his

text: private

text: militia

text: known

text: as

text: Cobras

text: to

text: resist

text: Thus

text: began

text: a

text: four

text: month

text: conflict

text: that

text: destroyed

text: or

text: damaged

text: much

text: of

text: Brazzaville

text: and

text: caused

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: civilian

text: deaths

text: In

text: early

text: October

text: the

text: Angolan

text: socialist

text: régime

text: began

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Congo

text: to

text: install

text: Sassou

text: in

text: power

text: In

text: mid

text: October

text: the

text: Lissouba

text: government

text: fell

text: Soon

text: thereafter

text: Sassou

text: declared

text: himself

text: president

question: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?

answer: Lissouba and Sassou

text: Lissouba and Sassou

question: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?

answer: Cobras

text: Cobras

question: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?

answer: Angolan

text: Angolan

question: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?

answer: October

text: October