text: Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Prince

text: Hall

text: Freemasonry

text: exists

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: refusal

text: of

text: early

text: American

text: lodges

text: to

text: admit

text: African

text: Americans

text: In

text: an

text: African

text: American

text: named

text: Prince

text: Hall

text: along

text: with

text: fourteen

text: other

text: African

text: Americans

text: was

text: initiated

text: into

text: a

text: British

text: military

text: lodge

text: with

text: a

text: warrant

text: from

text: the

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Ireland

text: having

text: failed

text: to

text: obtain

text: admission

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: lodges

text: in

text: Boston

text: When

text: the

text: military

text: Lodge

text: left

text: North

text: America

text: those

text: fifteen

text: men

text: were

text: given

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: meet

text: as

text: a

text: Lodge

text: but

text: not

text: to

text: initiate

text: Masons

text: In

text: these

text: individuals

text: obtained

text: a

text: Warrant

text: from

text: the

text: Premier

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: England

text: GLE

text: and

text: formed

text: African

text: Lodge

text: Number

text: When

text: the

text: UGLE

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: all

text: U.S

text: based

text: Lodges

text: were

text: stricken

text: from

text: their

text: rolls

text: due

text: largely

text: to

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: Thus

text: separated

text: from

text: both

text: UGLE

text: and

text: any

text: concordantly

text: recognised

text: U.S.

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: African

text: Lodge

text: re

text: titled

text: itself

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: Lodge

text: Number

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: this

text: Lodge

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: various

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: on

text: the

text: Continent

text: of

text: Africa

text: As

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Freemasonry

text: Prince

text: Hall

text: Freemasonry

text: soon

text: grew

text: and

text: organised

text: on

text: a

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: system

text: for

text: each

text: state

question: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?

answer: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans

text: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans

question: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?

answer: 1775

question: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?

answer: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls

text: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls

question: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?

answer: African Lodge, Number 1

text: African Lodge, Number 1

question: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459?

answer: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"

text: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"

question: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?

answer: Prince Hall Freemasonry

text: Prince Hall Freemasonry

question: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge?

answer: 1775

question: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?

answer: 1784

question: When was the UGLE formed?

answer: 1813

question: The African Lodge re-titled itself what?

answer: the African Lodge, Number 1

text: the African Lodge, Number 1


text: The city is also in the process of implementing a 5-year and 20 year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city. Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: implementing

text: a

text: and

text: year

text: Bike

text: Action

text: Plan

text: with

text: a

text: goal

text: of

text: attaining

text: to

text: bicycle

text: transportation

text: mode

text: share

text: by

text: through

text: the

text: installation

text: of

text: enhanced

text: bicycle

text: infrastructure

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: Other

text: environmentally

text: focused

text: initiatives

text: include

text: curbside

text: recycling

text: curbside

text: composting

text: bins

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: trash

text: yard

text: waste

text: and

text: recycle

text: bins

text: farmers

text: markets

text: community

text: gardens

text: garden

text: share

text: an

text: urban

text: forest

text: initiative

text: a

text: hazardous

text: materials

text: home

text: collection

text: service

text: green

text: business

text: certification

text: and

text: a

text: municipal

text: bus

text: system

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: being

text: revamped

text: to

text: integrate

text: with

text: the

text: soon

text: to

text: open

text: Expo

text: Line

question: What year does the city plan on having a bicycle infrastructure?

answer: 2030

question: The city has two bike Action Plans of how many years?

answer: 5-year and 20

text: 5-year and 20

question: The city's bus system is being over hauled to work with what other program?

answer: Expo Line

text: Expo Line

question: What percentages does the city Bike transportation mode's target?

answer: 14 to 35%

text: 14 to 35%

question: What type of business certification do they plan on expanding?

answer: green

text: green


text: Tucson is commonly known as "The Old Pueblo". While the exact origin of this nickname is uncertain, it is commonly traced back to Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood. When rail service was established to the city on March 20, 1880, Leatherwood celebrated the fact by sending telegrams to various leaders, including the President of the United States and the Pope, announcing that the "ancient and honorable pueblo" of Tucson was now connected by rail to the outside world. The term became popular with newspaper writers who often abbreviated it as "A. and H. Pueblo". This in turn transformed into the current form of "The Old Pueblo".

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Old

text: Pueblo

text: While

text: the

text: exact

text: origin

text: of

text: this

text: nickname

text: is

text: uncertain

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: Mayor

text: R.

text: N.

text: Bob

text: Leatherwood

text: When

text: rail

text: service

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: March

text: Leatherwood

text: celebrated

text: the

text: fact

text: by

text: sending

text: telegrams

text: to

text: various

text: leaders

text: including

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Pope

text: announcing

text: that

text: the

text: ancient

text: and

text: honorable

text: pueblo

text: of

text: Tucson

text: was

text: now

text: connected

text: by

text: rail

text: to

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: The

text: term

text: became

text: popular

text: with

text: newspaper

text: writers

text: who

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: it

text: as

text: A.

text: and

text: H.

text: Pueblo

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: transformed

text: into

text: the

text: current

text: form

text: of

text: The

text: Old

text: Pueblo

question: Who is thought to have led to calling Tucson 'The Old Pueblo'?

answer: Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood

text: Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood

question: When did Tucson get a railroad?

answer: March 20, 1880

text: March 20, 1880

question: What did Leatherwood call Tucson in a telegram?

answer: "ancient and honorable pueblo"

text: "ancient and honorable pueblo"

question: How did newspapers abbreviate Leatherwood's phrase?

answer: "A. and H. Pueblo"

text: "A. and H. Pueblo"

question: Who were among the recipients of Leatherwood's telegram?

answer: the President of the United States and the Pope

text: the President of the United States and the Pope


text: Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16). This figure, however, accounts for solely the first year of the Genocide and does not take into account those who died or were killed after the report was compiled on the 24th May 1916. The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at "more than a million". The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Turkish

text: authorities

text: deny

text: the

text: genocide

text: took

text: place

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: is

text: acknowledged

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: genocides

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: research

text: conducted

text: by

text: Arnold

text: J.

text: Toynbee

text: an

text: estimated

text: Armenians

text: died

text: during

text: deportation

text: from

text: This

text: figure

text: however

text: accounts

text: for

text: solely

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: Genocide

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: take

text: into

text: account

text: those

text: who

text: died

text: or

text: were

text: killed

text: after

text: the

text: report

text: was

text: compiled

text: on

text: the

text: May

text: The

text: International

text: Association

text: of

text: Genocide

text: Scholars

text: places

text: the

text: death

text: toll

text: at

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: million

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: killed

text: has

text: been

text: most

text: widely

text: estimated

text: at

text: between

text: and

text: million

question: How many Armenians died during the second phase of the Armenian Genocide between 1915-1916??

answer: 600,000

question: Who contests the existence of the Armenian Genocide?

answer: Turkish authorities

text: Turkish authorities

question: What is the estimated sum of people who died during the Armenian Genocide?

answer: between 1 and 1.5 million

text: between 1 and 1.5 million

question: Who put together a report about the Armenian Genocide?

answer: Arnold J. Toynbee

text: Arnold J. Toynbee

question: When was Toynbee's report put together?

answer: 24th May 1916

text: 24th May 1916


text: In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines regrouped and recovered somewhat, they never fully regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Seljuk

text: Turks

text: took

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: occupying

text: Persia

text: during

text: the

text: Armenia

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Jerusalem

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Turkish

text: army

text: defeated

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: army

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Manzikert

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Emperor

text: Romanus

text: IV

text: r.

text: The

text: Turks

text: were

text: then

text: free

text: to

text: invade

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: which

text: dealt

text: a

text: dangerous

text: blow

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: by

text: seizing

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: economic

text: heartland

text: Although

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: regrouped

text: and

text: recovered

text: somewhat

text: they

text: never

text: fully

text: regained

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: and

text: were

text: often

text: on

text: the

text: defensive

text: The

text: Turks

text: also

text: had

text: difficulties

text: losing

text: control

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: to

text: the

text: Fatimids

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: suffering

text: from

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: internal

text: civil

text: wars

text: The

text: Byzantines

text: also

text: faced

text: a

text: revived

text: Bulgaria

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: centuries

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: Balkans

question: During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia?

answer: 1060s

question: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?

answer: 1071

question: Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?

answer: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV

text: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV

question: Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?

answer: the Fatimids of Egypt

text: the Fatimids of Egypt

question: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?

answer: 11th


text: This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against France, but against the revolutionaries governing her. Burke said: "It is not France extending a foreign empire over other nations: it is a sect aiming at universal empire, and beginning with the conquest of France".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: This

text: is

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: explanation

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: concept

text: of

text: totalitarian

text: state

text: Burke

text: regarded

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: France

text: as

text: ideological

text: against

text: an

text: armed

text: doctrine

text: He

text: wished

text: that

text: France

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: partitioned

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: effect

text: this

text: would

text: have

text: on

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: not

text: against

text: France

text: but

text: against

text: the

text: revolutionaries

text: governing

text: her

text: Burke

text: said

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: France

text: extending

text: a

text: foreign

text: empire

text: over

text: other

text: nations

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: sect

text: aiming

text: at

text: universal

text: empire

text: and

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: France

question: What did Burke think the war with France was against?

answer: an "armed doctrine"

text: an "armed doctrine"

question: Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned?

answer: France

text: France

question: What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted?

answer: universal

text: universal

question: Who did Burke think the war was against, rather than France as a whole?

answer: the revolutionaries governing her

text: the revolutionaries governing her


text: The historical study of Cubism began in the late 1920s, drawing at first from sources of limited data, namely the opinions of Guillaume Apollinaire. It came to rely heavily on Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus (published in 1920), which centered on the developments of Picasso, Braque, Léger, and Gris. The terms "analytical" and "synthetic" which subsequently emerged have been widely accepted since the mid-1930s. Both terms are historical impositions that occurred after the facts they identify. Neither phase was designated as such at the time corresponding works were created. "If Kahnweiler considers Cubism as Picasso and Braque," wrote Daniel Robbins, "our only fault is in subjecting other Cubists' works to the rigors of that limited definition."

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: historical

text: study

text: of

text: Cubism

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: drawing

text: at

text: first

text: from

text: sources

text: of

text: limited

text: data

text: namely

text: the

text: opinions

text: of

text: Guillaume

text: Apollinaire

text: It

text: came

text: to

text: rely

text: heavily

text: on

text: Daniel

text: Henry

text: Kahnweiler

text: 's

text: book

text: Der

text: Weg

text: zum

text: Kubismus

text: published

text: in

text: which

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: developments

text: of

text: Picasso

text: Braque

text: Léger

text: and

text: Gris

text: The

text: terms

text: analytical

text: and

text: synthetic

text: which

text: subsequently

text: emerged

text: have

text: been

text: widely

text: accepted

text: since

text: the

text: Both

text: terms

text: are

text: historical

text: impositions

text: that

text: occurred

text: after

text: the

text: facts

text: they

text: identify

text: Neither

text: phase

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: such

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: corresponding

text: works

text: were

text: created

text: If

text: Kahnweiler

text: considers

text: Cubism

text: as

text: Picasso

text: and

text: Braque

text: wrote

text: Daniel

text: Robbins

text: our

text: only

text: fault

text: is

text: in

text: subjecting

text: other

text: Cubists

text: works

text: to

text: the

text: rigors

text: of

text: that

text: limited

text: definition

question: When did the historical study of Cubism begin?

answer: in the late 1920s

text: in the late 1920s

question: On who's opinions were the beginnings of the this historical study of Cubism based?

answer: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Guillaume Apollinaire

question: On which book and who was the author was one of the main sources of the historical study of Cubism based?

answer: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus

text: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus


text: Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Though

text: based

text: upon

text: Mahayana

text: Tibeto

text: Mongolian

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: schools

text: that

text: practice

text: Vajrayana

text: or

text: Diamond

text: Vehicle

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Mantrayāna

text: Tantrayāna

text: Tantric

text: Buddhism

text: or

text: esoteric

text: Buddhism

text: It

text: accepts

text: all

text: the

text: basic

text: concepts

text: of

text: Mahāyāna

text: but

text: also

text: includes

text: a

text: vast

text: array

text: of

text: spiritual

text: and

text: physical

text: techniques

text: designed

text: to

text: enhance

text: Buddhist

text: practice

text: Tantric

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: largely

text: concerned

text: with

text: ritual

text: and

text: meditative

text: practices

text: One

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Vajrayāna

text: is

text: harnessing

text: psycho

text: physical

text: energy

text: through

text: ritual

text: visualization

text: physical

text: exercises

text: and

text: meditation

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: developing

text: the

text: mind

text: Using

text: these

text: techniques

text: it

text: is

text: claimed

text: that

text: a

text: practitioner

text: can

text: achieve

text: Buddhahood

text: in

text: one

text: lifetime

text: or

text: even

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: three

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: tradition

text: these

text: practices

text: can

text: include

text: sexual

text: yoga

text: though

text: only

text: for

text: some

text: very

text: advanced

text: practitioners

question: What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana

question: What is the English term for Vajrayana?

answer: Diamond Vehicle

text: Diamond Vehicle

question: What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices?

answer: Tantric

text: Tantric

question: Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what?

answer: ritual

text: ritual


text: Whitehead's idea of God differs from traditional monotheistic notions. Perhaps his most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God is that "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." Here Whitehead is criticizing Christianity for defining God as primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power. As opposed to the most widely accepted forms of Christianity, Whitehead emphasized an idea of God that he called "the brief Galilean vision of humility":

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: idea

text: of

text: God

text: differs

text: from

text: traditional

text: monotheistic

text: notions

text: Perhaps

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: and

text: pointed

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: conception

text: of

text: God

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: Church

text: gave

text: unto

text: God

text: the

text: attributes

text: which

text: belonged

text: exclusively

text: to

text: Caesar

text: Here

text: Whitehead

text: is

text: criticizing

text: Christianity

text: for

text: defining

text: God

text: as

text: primarily

text: a

text: divine

text: king

text: who

text: imposes

text: his

text: will

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: whose

text: most

text: important

text: attribute

text: is

text: power

text: As

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: accepted

text: forms

text: of

text: Christianity

text: Whitehead

text: emphasized

text: an

text: idea

text: of

text: God

text: that

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: brief

text: Galilean

text: vision

text: of

text: humility

question: What was Whitehead's description of God?

answer: "the brief Galilean vision of humility"

text: "the brief Galilean vision of humility"

question: What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?

answer: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."

text: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."

question: What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?

answer: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power

text: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power


text: Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is often referred to as endurance testing. Volume testing is a way to test software functions even when certain components (for example a file or database) increase radically in size. Stress testing is a way to test reliability under unexpected or rare workloads. Stability testing (often referred to as load or endurance testing) checks to see if the software can continuously function well in or above an acceptable period.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Load

text: testing

text: is

text: primarily

text: concerned

text: with

text: testing

text: that

text: the

text: system

text: can

text: continue

text: to

text: operate

text: under

text: a

text: specific

text: load

text: whether

text: that

text: be

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: data

text: or

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: users

text: This

text: is

text: generally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: software

text: scalability

text: The

text: related

text: load

text: testing

text: activity

text: of

text: when

text: performed

text: as

text: a

text: non

text: functional

text: activity

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: endurance

text: testing

text: Volume

text: testing

text: is

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: test

text: software

text: functions

text: even

text: when

text: certain

text: components

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: file

text: or

text: database

text: increase

text: radically

text: in

text: size

text: Stress

text: testing

text: is

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: test

text: reliability

text: under

text: unexpected

text: or

text: rare

text: workloads

text: Stability

text: testing

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: load

text: or

text: endurance

text: testing

text: checks

text: to

text: see

text: if

text: the

text: software

text: can

text: continuously

text: function

text: well

text: in

text: or

text: above

text: an

text: acceptable

text: period

question: What method is used to test software under a specific load?

answer: Load testing

text: Load testing

question: What two methods can be used when using Load Testing?

answer: data or a large number of users

text: data or a large number of users

question: What is called to test software functions when certain components increase in side?

answer: Volume testing

text: Volume testing

question: What is Stable testing also called?

answer: endurance testing

text: endurance testing

question: What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads?

answer: Stress testing

text: Stress testing


text: The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah ("successor of the messenger of God", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah ("deputy of God"). The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads "regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with, or delegate it to, the emergent class of religious scholars." In fact, it was precisely this class of scholars, based largely in Iraq, that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period. In reconstructing this history, therefore, it is necessary to rely mainly on sources, such as the histories of Tabari and Baladhuri, that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: The

text: Umayyads

text: have

text: met

text: with

text: a

text: largely

text: negative

text: reception

text: from

text: later

text: Islamic

text: historians

text: who

text: have

text: accused

text: them

text: of

text: promoting

text: a

text: kingship

text: mulk

text: a

text: term

text: with

text: connotations

text: of

text: tyranny

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: true

text: caliphate

text: khilafa

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: it

text: is

text: notable

text: that

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: caliphs

text: referred

text: to

text: themselves

text: not

text: as

text: khalifat

text: rasul

text: Allah

text: successor

text: of

text: the

text: messenger

text: of

text: God

text: the

text: title

text: preferred

text: by

text: the

text: tradition

text: but

text: rather

text: as

text: khalifat

text: Allah

text: deputy

text: of

text: God

text: The

text: distinction

text: seems

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: regarded

text: themselves

text: as

text: God

text: 's

text: representatives

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: and

text: saw

text: no

text: need

text: to

text: share

text: their

text: religious

text: power

text: with

text: or

text: delegate

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: emergent

text: class

text: of

text: religious

text: scholars

text: In

text: fact

text: it

text: was

text: precisely

text: this

text: class

text: of

text: scholars

text: based

text: largely

text: in

text: Iraq

text: that

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: collecting

text: and

text: recording

text: the

text: traditions

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: primary

text: source

text: material

text: for

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: period

text: In

text: reconstructing

text: this

text: history

text: therefore

text: it

text: is

text: necessary

text: to

text: rely

text: mainly

text: on

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: histories

text: of

text: Tabari

text: and

text: Baladhuri

text: that

text: were

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: court

text: at

text: Baghdad

question: What Arabic term did the Umayyad caliphs use to refer to themselves?

answer: khalifat Allah

text: khalifat Allah

question: Where was the Abbasid court based?

answer: Baghdad

text: Baghdad

question: What is the Arabic term for kingship?

answer: mulk

text: mulk

question: What was the tradition Arabic title used by caliphs?

answer: khalifat rasul Allah

text: khalifat rasul Allah

question: What does khalifat Allah translate to in English?

answer: deputy of God

text: deputy of God


text: Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities, some to monetary policy, and some to the increasing feeling of raw materials scarcity in a fast-growing world, leading to long positions taken on those markets, such as Chinese increasing presence in Africa. An increase in oil prices tends to divert a larger share of consumer spending into gasoline, which creates downward pressure on economic growth in oil importing countries, as wealth flows to oil-producing states. A pattern of spiking instability in the price of oil over the decade leading up to the price high of 2008 has been recently identified. The destabilizing effects of this price variance has been proposed as a contributory factor in the financial crisis.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Rapid

text: increases

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: commodity

text: prices

text: followed

text: the

text: collapse

text: in

text: the

text: housing

text: bubble

text: The

text: price

text: of

text: oil

text: nearly

text: tripled

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: early

text: to

text: before

text: plunging

text: as

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: hold

text: in

text: late

text: Experts

text: debate

text: the

text: causes

text: with

text: some

text: attributing

text: it

text: to

text: speculative

text: flow

text: of

text: money

text: from

text: housing

text: and

text: other

text: investments

text: into

text: commodities

text: some

text: to

text: monetary

text: policy

text: and

text: some

text: to

text: the

text: increasing

text: feeling

text: of

text: raw

text: materials

text: scarcity

text: in

text: a

text: fast

text: growing

text: world

text: leading

text: to

text: long

text: positions

text: taken

text: on

text: those

text: markets

text: such

text: as

text: Chinese

text: increasing

text: presence

text: in

text: Africa

text: An

text: increase

text: in

text: oil

text: prices

text: tends

text: to

text: divert

text: a

text: larger

text: share

text: of

text: consumer

text: spending

text: into

text: gasoline

text: which

text: creates

text: downward

text: pressure

text: on

text: economic

text: growth

text: in

text: oil

text: importing

text: countries

text: as

text: wealth

text: flows

text: to

text: oil

text: producing

text: states

text: A

text: pattern

text: of

text: spiking

text: instability

text: in

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: oil

text: over

text: the

text: decade

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: price

text: high

text: of

text: has

text: been

text: recently

text: identified

text: The

text: destabilizing

text: effects

text: of

text: this

text: price

text: variance

text: has

text: been

text: proposed

text: as

text: a

text: contributory

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

question: Following the collapse in the housing bubble, what happened to a number of commodity prices?

answer: Rapid increases

text: Rapid increases

question: How much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008?

answer: nearly tripled from $50 to $147

text: nearly tripled from $50 to $147

question: What did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008?

answer: plunging

text: plunging

question: What is one of the reasons experts believe contributed to the volatilaty in oil prices in 2008?

answer: monetary policy

text: monetary policy

question: Consumers tend to have less money to spend on other goods, when the price of which commodity is higher?

answer: gasoline

text: gasoline


text: The first season of American Idol debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network. It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: first

text: season

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: debuted

text: as

text: a

text: summer

text: replacement

text: show

text: in

text: June

text: on

text: the

text: Fox

text: network

text: It

text: was

text: co

text: hosted

text: by

text: Ryan

text: Seacrest

text: and

text: Brian

text: Dunkleman

question: What network aired the first season of American Idol?

answer: Fox

text: Fox

question: What year did American Idol first debut?

answer: 2002

question: Who was Ryan Seacrests co-host in the first season of American Idol?

answer: Brian Dunkleman

text: Brian Dunkleman

question: When did American Idol debut?

answer: June 2002

text: June 2002

question: What network did American Idol debut on?

answer: Fox

text: Fox

question: Who co-hosted American Idol?

answer: Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman

text: Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman


text: Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha, Boom Festival in Idanha-a-Nova Municipality, Optimus Alive!, Sumol Summer Fest in Ericeira, Rock in Rio Lisboa and Super Bock Super Rock in Greater Lisbon. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. Furthermore, one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years, the Boom Festival, that is also the only festival in Portugal to win international awards: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010. There is also the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal. In 2005, Portugal held the MTV Europe Music Awards, in Pavilhão Atlântico, Lisbon.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: has

text: several

text: summer

text: music

text: festivals

text: such

text: as

text: Festival

text: Sudoeste

text: in

text: Zambujeira

text: do

text: Mar

text: Festival

text: de

text: Paredes

text: de

text: Coura

text: in

text: Paredes

text: de

text: Coura

text: Festival

text: Vilar

text: de

text: Mouros

text: near

text: Caminha

text: Boom

text: Festival

text: in

text: Idanha

text: a

text: Nova

text: Municipality

text: Optimus

text: Alive

text: Sumol

text: Summer

text: Fest

text: in

text: Ericeira

text: Rock

text: in

text: Rio

text: Lisboa

text: and

text: Super

text: Bock

text: Super

text: Rock

text: in

text: Greater

text: Lisbon

text: Out

text: of

text: the

text: summer

text: season

text: Portugal

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: festivals

text: designed

text: more

text: to

text: an

text: urban

text: audience

text: like

text: Flowfest

text: or

text: Hip

text: Hop

text: Porto

text: Furthermore

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: international

text: Goa

text: trance

text: festivals

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: central

text: Portugal

text: every

text: two

text: years

text: the

text: Boom

text: Festival

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: festival

text: in

text: Portugal

text: to

text: win

text: international

text: awards

text: European

text: Festival

text: Award

text: Green'n'Clean

text: Festival

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: and

text: the

text: Greener

text: Festival

text: Award

text: Outstanding

text: and

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: student

text: festivals

text: of

text: Queima

text: das

text: Fitas

text: are

text: major

text: events

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: cities

text: across

text: Portugal

text: In

text: Portugal

text: held

text: the

text: MTV

text: Europe

text: Music

text: Awards

text: in

text: Pavilhão

text: Atlântico

text: Lisbon

question: What are a couple examples of Summer music festivals held in Portugal?

answer: Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha,

text: Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha,

question: What are a couple examples of non-Summer music festivals in Portugal?

answer: Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto

text: Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto

question: What is the Boom Festival?

answer: one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years

text: one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years

question: What international awards have been won by the Boom Festival?

answer: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010

text: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010

question: In which year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards?

answer: 2005


text: There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, "You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are."

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: There

text: are

text: typically

text: million

text: bacterial

text: cells

text: in

text: a

text: gram

text: of

text: soil

text: and

text: a

text: million

text: bacterial

text: cells

text: in

text: a

text: millilitre

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: There

text: are

text: approximately

text: bacteria

text: on

text: Earth

text: forming

text: a

text: biomass

text: which

text: exceeds

text: that

text: of

text: all

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: Bacteria

text: are

text: vital

text: in

text: recycling

text: nutrients

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: stages

text: in

text: nutrient

text: cycles

text: dependent

text: on

text: these

text: organisms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: fixation

text: of

text: nitrogen

text: from

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: and

text: putrefaction

text: In

text: the

text: biological

text: communities

text: surrounding

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: and

text: cold

text: seeps

text: bacteria

text: provide

text: the

text: nutrients

text: needed

text: to

text: sustain

text: life

text: by

text: converting

text: dissolved

text: compounds

text: such

text: as

text: hydrogen

text: sulphide

text: and

text: methane

text: to

text: energy

text: On

text: March

text: researchers

text: reported

text: data

text: that

text: suggested

text: bacterial

text: life

text: forms

text: thrive

text: in

text: the

text: Mariana

text: Trench

text: which

text: with

text: a

text: depth

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: kilometres

text: is

text: the

text: deepest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceans

text: Other

text: researchers

text: reported

text: related

text: studies

text: that

text: microbes

text: thrive

text: inside

text: rocks

text: up

text: to

text: metres

text: below

text: the

text: sea

text: floor

text: under

text: kilometres

text: of

text: ocean

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: northwestern

text: United

text: States

text: According

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: researchers

text: You

text: can

text: find

text: microbes

text: everywhere

text: they

text: 're

text: extremely

text: adaptable

text: to

text: conditions

text: and

text: survive

text: wherever

text: they

text: are

question: What amount of bacteria can be found in a gram of soil?

answer: 40 million bacterial cells

text: 40 million bacterial cells

question: How many bacteria cells can be in a milliltre of fresh water?

answer: million bacterial cells

text: million bacterial cells

question: How does bacteria help to sustain life in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps?

answer: by converting dissolved compounds

text: by converting dissolved compounds

question: What deepest part of the ocean was bacteria found?

answer: Mariana Trench

text: Mariana Trench

question: Can bacteria survive inside rocks under the sea level?

answer: thrive inside rocks

text: thrive inside rocks


text: Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism. On March 12, 2013, Microsoft amended its certification requirements to only require that screens on tablets have a minimum resolution of 1024×768 (down from the previous 1366×768). The amended requirement is intended to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Microsoft

text: released

text: minimum

text: hardware

text: requirements

text: for

text: tablet

text: and

text: laplet

text: devices

text: to

text: be

text: certified

text: for

text: Windows

text: and

text: defined

text: a

text: convertible

text: form

text: factor

text: as

text: a

text: standalone

text: device

text: that

text: combines

text: the

text: PC

text: display

text: and

text: rechargeable

text: power

text: source

text: with

text: a

text: mechanically

text: attached

text: keyboard

text: and

text: pointing

text: device

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: chassis

text: A

text: convertible

text: can

text: be

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: tablet

text: where

text: the

text: attached

text: input

text: devices

text: are

text: hidden

text: or

text: removed

text: leaving

text: the

text: display

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: input

text: mechanism

text: On

text: March

text: Microsoft

text: amended

text: its

text: certification

text: requirements

text: to

text: only

text: require

text: that

text: screens

text: on

text: tablets

text: have

text: a

text: minimum

text: resolution

text: of

text: down

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: The

text: amended

text: requirement

text: is

text: intended

text: to

text: allow

text: greater

text: design

text: flexibility

text: for

text: future

text: products

question: Why did Microsoft decrease the required resoultion for tablets?

answer: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products

text: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products

question: What is a convertible form factor?

answer: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis

text: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis

question: How does a convertible become a tablet?

answer: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism

text: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism

question: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013?

answer: 1024×768


text: In his 2003 paper, "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy", A. W. F. Edwards argued that rather than using a locus-by-locus analysis of variation to derive taxonomy, it is possible to construct a human classification system based on characteristic genetic patterns, or clusters inferred from multilocus genetic data. Geographically based human studies since have shown that such genetic clusters can be derived from analyzing of a large number of loci which can assort individuals sampled into groups analogous to traditional continental racial groups. Joanna Mountain and Neil Risch cautioned that while genetic clusters may one day be shown to correspond to phenotypic variations between groups, such assumptions were premature as the relationship between genes and complex traits remains poorly understood. However, Risch denied such limitations render the analysis useless: "Perhaps just using someone's actual birth year is not a very good way of measuring age. Does that mean we should throw it out? ... Any category you come up with is going to be imperfect, but that doesn't preclude you from using it or the fact that it has utility."

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: his

text: paper

text: Human

text: Genetic

text: Diversity

text: Lewontin

text: 's

text: Fallacy

text: A.

text: W.

text: F.

text: Edwards

text: argued

text: that

text: rather

text: than

text: using

text: a

text: locus

text: by

text: locus

text: analysis

text: of

text: variation

text: to

text: derive

text: taxonomy

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: construct

text: a

text: human

text: classification

text: system

text: based

text: on

text: characteristic

text: genetic

text: patterns

text: or

text: clusters

text: inferred

text: from

text: multilocus

text: genetic

text: data

text: Geographically

text: based

text: human

text: studies

text: since

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: such

text: genetic

text: clusters

text: can

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: analyzing

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: loci

text: which

text: can

text: assort

text: individuals

text: sampled

text: into

text: groups

text: analogous

text: to

text: traditional

text: continental

text: racial

text: groups

text: Joanna

text: Mountain

text: and

text: Neil

text: Risch

text: cautioned

text: that

text: while

text: genetic

text: clusters

text: may

text: one

text: day

text: be

text: shown

text: to

text: correspond

text: to

text: phenotypic

text: variations

text: between

text: groups

text: such

text: assumptions

text: were

text: premature

text: as

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: genes

text: and

text: complex

text: traits

text: remains

text: poorly

text: understood

text: However

text: Risch

text: denied

text: such

text: limitations

text: render

text: the

text: analysis

text: useless

text: Perhaps

text: just

text: using

text: someone

text: 's

text: actual

text: birth

text: year

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: very

text: good

text: way

text: of

text: measuring

text: age

text: Does

text: that

text: mean

text: we

text: should

text: throw

text: it

text: out

text: Any

text: category

text: you

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: imperfect

text: but

text: that

text: does

text: n't

text: preclude

text: you

text: from

text: using

text: it

text: or

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: utility

question: What type of classification system for humans did A.W.F. Edwards argue for?

answer: characteristic genetic patterns

text: characteristic genetic patterns

question: What might genetic clusters be shown to correspond to one day?

answer: phenotypic variations between groups

text: phenotypic variations between groups

question: How is the relationship between genes and complex traits understood?

answer: poorly

text: poorly

question: Risch feels any category someone comes up with will be what?

answer: imperfect

text: imperfect

question: Risch thinks imperfect categories still have what?

answer: utility

text: utility


text: Characters with diacritical marks can generally be represented either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks. For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters. Similarly, underdots, as needed in the romanization of Indic, will often be placed incorrectly[citation needed]. Unicode characters that map to precomposed glyphs can be used in many cases, thus avoiding the problem, but where no precomposed character has been encoded the problem can often be solved by using a specialist Unicode font such as Charis SIL that uses Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies for advanced rendering features.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Characters

text: with

text: diacritical

text: marks

text: can

text: generally

text: be

text: represented

text: either

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: precomposed

text: character

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: decomposed

text: sequence

text: of

text: a

text: base

text: letter

text: plus

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: non

text: spacing

text: marks

text: For

text: example

text: ḗ

text: precomposed

text: e

text: with

text: macron

text: and

text: acute

text: above

text: and

text: ḗ

text: e

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: combining

text: macron

text: above

text: and

text: combining

text: acute

text: above

text: should

text: be

text: rendered

text: identically

text: both

text: appearing

text: as

text: an

text: e

text: with

text: a

text: macron

text: and

text: acute

text: accent

text: but

text: in

text: practice

text: their

text: appearance

text: may

text: vary

text: depending

text: upon

text: what

text: rendering

text: engine

text: and

text: fonts

text: are

text: being

text: used

text: to

text: display

text: the

text: characters

text: Similarly

text: underdots

text: as

text: needed

text: in

text: the

text: romanization

text: of

text: Indic

text: will

text: often

text: be

text: placed

text: incorrectly[citation

text: needed

text: Unicode

text: characters

text: that

text: map

text: to

text: precomposed

text: glyphs

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: thus

text: avoiding

text: the

text: problem

text: but

text: where

text: no

text: precomposed

text: character

text: has

text: been

text: encoded

text: the

text: problem

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: solved

text: by

text: using

text: a

text: specialist

text: Unicode

text: font

text: such

text: as

text: Charis

text: SIL

text: that

text: uses

text: Graphite

text: OpenType

text: or

text: AAT

text: technologies

text: for

text: advanced

text: rendering

text: features

question: How are characters with diacritical marks represented?

answer: either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks

text: either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks

question: What encoding does Charis SIL use?

answer: Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies

text: Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies

question: What is the issue with underdots and their placement?

answer: often be placed incorrectly

text: often be placed incorrectly

question: Characters with what marks can be displayed as a single character or a decomposed sequence?

answer: diacritical marks

text: diacritical marks

question: How should the characters with the macron and acute be displayed?

answer: identically

text: identically


text: The unemployment rate reached its peak of 20% in 2005. Since then, it has decreased to 7% in 2013, which is only slightly above the national average. The decrease is caused on the one hand by the emergence of new jobs and on the other by a marked decrease in the working-age population, caused by emigration and low birth rates for decades. The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria. Therefore, many Thuringians are working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters. Nevertheless, the demographic transition in Thuringia leads to a lack of workers in some sectors. External immigration into Thuringia has been encouraged by the government since about 2010 to counter this problem.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: reached

text: its

text: peak

text: of

text: in

text: Since

text: then

text: it

text: has

text: decreased

text: to

text: in

text: which

text: is

text: only

text: slightly

text: above

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: The

text: decrease

text: is

text: caused

text: on

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: by

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: new

text: jobs

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: by

text: a

text: marked

text: decrease

text: in

text: the

text: working

text: age

text: population

text: caused

text: by

text: emigration

text: and

text: low

text: birth

text: rates

text: for

text: decades

text: The

text: wages

text: in

text: Thuringia

text: are

text: low

text: compared

text: to

text: rich

text: bordering

text: Lands

text: like

text: Hesse

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: Therefore

text: many

text: Thuringians

text: are

text: working

text: in

text: other

text: German

text: Lands

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: Austria

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: as

text: weekly

text: commuters

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: demographic

text: transition

text: in

text: Thuringia

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: workers

text: in

text: some

text: sectors

text: External

text: immigration

text: into

text: Thuringia

text: has

text: been

text: encouraged

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: since

text: about

text: to

text: counter

text: this

text: problem

question: When did the unemployment rate of Thuringia peak?

answer: 20% in 2005

text: 20% in 2005

question: What is the current state of unemployment in Thuringia?

answer: it has decreased to 7%

text: it has decreased to 7%

question: How do wages in Thuringia compare to their neighbors?

answer: The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria.

text: The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria.

question: What do many Thuringian workers do to earn better wages?

answer: working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters

text: working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters

question: What has lead to a lack of workers in some sectors?

answer: demographic transition

text: demographic transition


text: Seattle annually sends a team of spoken word slammers to the National Poetry Slam and considers itself home to such performance poets as Buddy Wakefield, two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champ; Anis Mojgani, two-time National Poetry Slam Champ; and Danny Sherrard, 2007 National Poetry Slam Champ and 2008 Individual World Poetry Slam Champ. Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament. The Seattle Poetry Festival is a biennial poetry festival that (launched first as the Poetry Circus in 1997) has featured local, regional, national, and international names in poetry.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: annually

text: sends

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: spoken

text: word

text: slammers

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Poetry

text: Slam

text: and

text: considers

text: itself

text: home

text: to

text: such

text: performance

text: poets

text: as

text: Buddy

text: Wakefield

text: two

text: time

text: Individual

text: World

text: Poetry

text: Slam

text: Champ

text: Anis

text: Mojgani

text: two

text: time

text: National

text: Poetry

text: Slam

text: Champ

text: and

text: Danny

text: Sherrard

text: National

text: Poetry

text: Slam

text: Champ

text: and

text: Individual

text: World

text: Poetry

text: Slam

text: Champ

text: Seattle

text: also

text: hosted

text: the

text: national

text: Poetry

text: Slam

text: Tournament

text: The

text: Seattle

text: Poetry

text: Festival

text: is

text: a

text: biennial

text: poetry

text: festival

text: that

text: launched

text: first

text: as

text: the

text: Poetry

text: Circus

text: in

text: has

text: featured

text: local

text: regional

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: names

text: in

text: poetry

question: When did Seattle host the national Poetry Slam Tournament?

answer: 2001

question: What poetry festival was first held in 1997?

answer: Poetry Circus

text: Poetry Circus

question: How often is the Seattle Poetry festival held?

answer: biennial

text: biennial

question: How often does Seattle send to the National Poetry Slam?

answer: annually

text: annually

question: To what style of poet does Seattle consider itself home?

answer: performance poets

text: performance poets


text: Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986). However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. (which now controls the Turner Entertainment library and its own later films), and occasionally shows more recent films. Turner Classic Movies is a dedicated film channel and is available in United States, United Kingdom, France (TCM Cinéma), Spain (TCM España), Nordic countries, Middle East and Africa.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: Historically

text: the

text: channel

text: 's

text: programming

text: consisted

text: mainly

text: of

text: featured

text: classic

text: theatrically

text: released

text: feature

text: films

text: from

text: the

text: Turner

text: Entertainment

text: film

text: library

text: which

text: comprises

text: films

text: from

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Pictures

text: covering

text: films

text: released

text: before

text: and

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: covering

text: films

text: released

text: before

text: May

text: However

text: TCM

text: now

text: has

text: licensing

text: deals

text: with

text: other

text: Hollywood

text: film

text: studios

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: Time

text: Warner

text: sister

text: company

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: which

text: now

text: controls

text: the

text: Turner

text: Entertainment

text: library

text: and

text: its

text: own

text: later

text: films

text: and

text: occasionally

text: shows

text: more

text: recent

text: films

text: Turner

text: Classic

text: Movies

text: is

text: a

text: dedicated

text: film

text: channel

text: and

text: is

text: available

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: France

text: TCM

text: Cinéma

text: Spain

text: TCM

text: España

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: Africa

question: Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library?

answer: 1950

question: Up until what month and year of release are films from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer part of the Turner Entertainment library?

answer: May 1986

text: May 1986

question: What company owns TCM and Warner Bros.?

answer: Time Warner

text: Time Warner

question: What is Turner Classic Movies called in France?

answer: TCM Cinéma

text: TCM Cinéma

question: What is the Spanish version of Turner Classic Movies?

answer: TCM España

text: TCM España


text: In 1993, the city passed a massive redevelopment package known as the Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS), intended to rebuild the city's core with civic projects to establish more activities and life to downtown. The city added a new baseball park; central library; renovations to the civic center, convention center and fairgrounds; and a water canal in the Bricktown entertainment district. Water taxis transport passengers within the district, adding color and activity along the canal. MAPS has become one of the most successful public-private partnerships undertaken in the U.S., exceeding $3 billion in private investment as of 2010. As a result of MAPS, the population living in downtown housing has exponentially increased, together with demand for additional residential and retail amenities, such as grocery, services, and shops.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: passed

text: a

text: massive

text: redevelopment

text: package

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: Projects

text: MAPS

text: intended

text: to

text: rebuild

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: core

text: with

text: civic

text: projects

text: to

text: establish

text: more

text: activities

text: and

text: life

text: to

text: downtown

text: The

text: city

text: added

text: a

text: new

text: baseball

text: park

text: central

text: library

text: renovations

text: to

text: the

text: civic

text: center

text: convention

text: center

text: and

text: fairgrounds

text: and

text: a

text: water

text: canal

text: in

text: the

text: Bricktown

text: entertainment

text: district

text: Water

text: taxis

text: transport

text: passengers

text: within

text: the

text: district

text: adding

text: color

text: and

text: activity

text: along

text: the

text: canal

text: MAPS

text: has

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: public

text: private

text: partnerships

text: undertaken

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: exceeding

text: billion

text: in

text: private

text: investment

text: as

text: of

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: MAPS

text: the

text: population

text: living

text: in

text: downtown

text: housing

text: has

text: exponentially

text: increased

text: together

text: with

text: demand

text: for

text: additional

text: residential

text: and

text: retail

text: amenities

text: such

text: as

text: grocery

text: services

text: and

text: shops

question: What was the name of the redevelopment passage that was passed in 1993?

answer: Metropolitan Area Projects

text: Metropolitan Area Projects

question: What is one thing that was added in this project?

answer: baseball park

text: baseball park

question: How much money was invested in MAPS by 2010?

answer: $3 billion

text: $3 billion


text: The settlements at Tilsit gave Napoleon time to organize his empire. One of his major objectives became enforcing the Continental System against the British. He decided to focus his attention on the Kingdom of Portugal, which consistently violated his trade prohibitions. After defeat in the War of the Oranges in 1801, Portugal adopted a double-sided policy. At first, John VI agreed to close his ports to British trade. The situation changed dramatically after the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar; John grew bolder and officially resumed diplomatic and trade relations with Britain.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: settlements

text: at

text: Tilsit

text: gave

text: Napoleon

text: time

text: to

text: organize

text: his

text: empire

text: One

text: of

text: his

text: major

text: objectives

text: became

text: enforcing

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: He

text: decided

text: to

text: focus

text: his

text: attention

text: on

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Portugal

text: which

text: consistently

text: violated

text: his

text: trade

text: prohibitions

text: After

text: defeat

text: in

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Oranges

text: in

text: Portugal

text: adopted

text: a

text: double

text: sided

text: policy

text: At

text: first

text: John

text: VI

text: agreed

text: to

text: close

text: his

text: ports

text: to

text: British

text: trade

text: The

text: situation

text: changed

text: dramatically

text: after

text: the

text: Franco

text: Spanish

text: defeat

text: at

text: Trafalgar

text: John

text: grew

text: bolder

text: and

text: officially

text: resumed

text: diplomatic

text: and

text: trade

text: relations

text: with

text: Britain

question: Where did the agreements that gave Napoleon time to structure his empire take place?

answer: Tilsit

text: Tilsit

question: One of Napoleon's primary goals was to enforce the Continental System against whom?

answer: the British

text: the British

question: Napoleon chose to focus his attention on which country that flouted his trade restrictions?

answer: the Kingdom of Portugal

text: the Kingdom of Portugal

question: In what year did Portugal experience defeat in the War of the Oranges?

answer: 1801

question: After the Franco-Spanish loss at Trafalgar, John VI resumed relations with what nation?

answer: Britain

text: Britain


text: Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades.... I wanted to be somebody." Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: turned

text: to

text: her

text: paternal

text: grandmother

text: for

text: solace

text: The

text: Ciccone

text: siblings

text: resented

text: housekeepers

text: and

text: invariably

text: rebelled

text: against

text: anyone

text: brought

text: into

text: their

text: home

text: ostensibly

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: their

text: beloved

text: mother

text: Madonna

text: later

text: told

text: Vanity

text: Fair

text: that

text: she

text: saw

text: herself

text: in

text: her

text: youth

text: as

text: a

text: lonely

text: girl

text: who

text: was

text: searching

text: for

text: something

text: I

text: was

text: n't

text: rebellious

text: in

text: a

text: certain

text: way

text: I

text: cared

text: about

text: being

text: good

text: at

text: something

text: I

text: did

text: n't

text: shave

text: my

text: underarms

text: and

text: I

text: did

text: n't

text: wear

text: make

text: up

text: like

text: normal

text: girls

text: do

text: But

text: I

text: studied

text: and

text: I

text: got

text: good

text: grades

text: I

text: wanted

text: to

text: be

text: somebody

text: Terrified

text: that

text: her

text: father

text: Tony

text: could

text: be

text: taken

text: from

text: her

text: as

text: well

text: Madonna

text: was

text: often

text: unable

text: to

text: sleep

text: unless

text: she

text: was

text: near

text: him

question: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness?

answer: paternal grandmother

text: paternal grandmother

question: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?

answer: rebelled

text: rebelled

question: Who did Madonna tell in an interview that as a young girl, she was lonely and always searching for something?

answer: Vanity Fair

text: Vanity Fair

question: Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?

answer: unable to sleep unless she was near him

text: unable to sleep unless she was near him


text: Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: Bronx

text: has

text: always

text: supported

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: 's

text: nominee

text: for

text: President

text: starting

text: with

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: for

text: the

text: unsuccessful

text: Al

text: Smith

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: four

text: votes

text: for

text: the

text: successful

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: Both

text: had

text: been

text: Governors

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: but

text: Republican

text: former

text: Gov.

text: Thomas

text: E.

text: Dewey

text: won

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: vote

text: in

text: against

text: for

text: Pres

text: Harry

text: Truman

text: the

text: winning

text: Democrat

text: and

text: for

text: Henry

text: A.

text: Wallace

text: of

text: the

text: Progressives

text: It

text: was

text: only

text: years

text: earlier

text: by

text: contrast

text: that

text: another

text: Republican

text: former

text: Governor

text: who

text: narrowly

text: lost

text: the

text: Presidency

text: Charles

text: Evans

text: Hughes

text: had

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: vote

text: against

text: Democratic

text: President

text: Woodrow

text: Wilson

text: 's

text: and

text: Socialist

text: candidate

text: Allan

text: Benson

text: 's

question: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?

answer: Al Smith

text: Al Smith

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?

answer: 42.6%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?

answer: 42.6%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?

answer: 7.3%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?

answer: 55%


text: A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to use a traditional linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative, or the choice of literary genre, are all examples of literary technique. They may indicate to a reader that there is a familiar structure and presentation to a work, such as a conventional murder-mystery novel; or, the author may choose to experiment with their technique to surprise the reader.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: A

text: literary

text: technique

text: or

text: literary

text: device

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: authors

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: written

text: framework

text: of

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: literature

text: and

text: produce

text: specific

text: effects

text: Literary

text: techniques

text: encompass

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: approaches

text: to

text: crafting

text: a

text: work

text: whether

text: a

text: work

text: is

text: narrated

text: in

text: first

text: person

text: or

text: from

text: another

text: perspective

text: whether

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: traditional

text: linear

text: narrative

text: or

text: a

text: nonlinear

text: narrative

text: or

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: literary

text: genre

text: are

text: all

text: examples

text: of

text: literary

text: technique

text: They

text: may

text: indicate

text: to

text: a

text: reader

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: familiar

text: structure

text: and

text: presentation

text: to

text: a

text: work

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: conventional

text: murder

text: mystery

text: novel

text: or

text: the

text: author

text: may

text: choose

text: to

text: experiment

text: with

text: their

text: technique

text: to

text: surprise

text: the

text: reader

question: Literary devices are employed for what reason?

answer: produce specific effects

text: produce specific effects

question: What is one form of narration in literature?

answer: first-person

text: first-person

question: What are two types of narrative structure in literature?

answer: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative

text: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative

question: Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?

answer: to surprise the reader

text: to surprise the reader

question: In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?

answer: a conventional murder-mystery novel

text: a conventional murder-mystery novel


text: Hydrogen is sometimes produced and consumed in the same industrial process, without being separated. In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, hydrogen is generated from natural gas. Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine also produces hydrogen as a co-product.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: is

text: sometimes

text: produced

text: and

text: consumed

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: industrial

text: process

text: without

text: being

text: separated

text: In

text: the

text: Haber

text: process

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: ammonia

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: generated

text: from

text: natural

text: gas

text: Electrolysis

text: of

text: brine

text: to

text: yield

text: chlorine

text: also

text: produces

text: hydrogen

text: as

text: a

text: co

text: product

question: When hydrogen is generated from natural gas, what des it produce?

answer: ammonia

text: ammonia

question: How is hydrogen produced as a co product?

answer: Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine

text: Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine


text: Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: Catholic

text: identity

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: religious

text: buildings

text: stand

text: on

text: campus

text: The

text: Old

text: College

text: building

text: has

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: seminaries

text: on

text: campus

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Congregation

text: of

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: The

text: current

text: Basilica

text: of

text: the

text: Sacred

text: Heart

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: spot

text: of

text: Fr

text: Sorin

text: 's

text: original

text: church

text: which

text: became

text: too

text: small

text: for

text: the

text: growing

text: college

text: It

text: is

text: built

text: in

text: French

text: Revival

text: style

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: decorated

text: by

text: stained

text: glass

text: windows

text: imported

text: directly

text: from

text: France

text: The

text: interior

text: was

text: painted

text: by

text: Luigi

text: Gregori

text: an

text: Italian

text: painter

text: invited

text: by

text: Fr

text: Sorin

text: to

text: be

text: artist

text: in

text: residence

text: The

text: Basilica

text: also

text: features

text: a

text: bell

text: tower

text: with

text: a

text: carillon

text: Inside

text: the

text: church

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: sculptures

text: by

text: Ivan

text: Mestrovic

text: The

text: Grotto

text: of

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Lourdes

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: is

text: a

text: replica

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: in

text: Lourdes

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: very

text: popular

text: among

text: students

text: and

text: alumni

text: as

text: a

text: place

text: of

text: prayer

text: and

text: meditation

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: beloved

text: spots

text: on

text: campus

question: Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?

answer: Congregation of Holy Cross

text: Congregation of Holy Cross

question: What structure is found on the location of the original church of Father Sorin at Notre Dame?

answer: Basilica of the Sacred Heart

text: Basilica of the Sacred Heart

question: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?

answer: French Revival

text: French Revival

question: Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?

answer: Luigi Gregori

text: Luigi Gregori

question: In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?

answer: 1896


text: The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: most

text: viewed

text: network

text: in

text: France

text: is

text: in

text: nearby

text: Boulogne

text: Billancourt

text: France

text: France

text: Canal+

text: France

text: Neuilly

text: sur

text: Seine

text: Arte

text: NRJ

text: La

text: Chaîne

text: parlementaire

text: France

text: BFM

text: TV

text: and

text: Gulli

text: are

text: other

text: stations

text: located

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: capital

text: Radio

text: France

text: France

text: 's

text: public

text: radio

text: broadcaster

text: and

text: its

text: various

text: channels

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Paris

text: arrondissement

text: Radio

text: France

text: Internationale

text: another

text: public

text: broadcaster

text: is

text: also

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Paris

text: also

text: holds

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Poste

text: France

text: 's

text: national

text: postal

text: carrier

question: What is the most viewed television network in France?

answer: TF1

question: Where is TF1 located?

answer: Boulogne-Billancourt

text: Boulogne-Billancourt

question: What is France's public radio broadcaster?

answer: Radio France

text: Radio France

question: What is the name of France's national postal carrier?

answer: La Poste

text: La Poste


text: Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita are reef islands and the six true atolls are Funafuti, Nanumea, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae and Vaitupu. Tuvalu's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers an oceanic area of approximately 900,000 km2.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Tuvalu

text: consists

text: of

text: three

text: reef

text: islands

text: and

text: six

text: true

text: atolls

text: Its

text: small

text: scattered

text: group

text: of

text: atolls

text: have

text: poor

text: soil

text: and

text: a

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: only

text: about

text: square

text: kilometres

text: square

text: miles

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: smallest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: islets

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: atolls

text: are

text: very

text: low

text: lying

text: Nanumanga

text: Niutao

text: Niulakita

text: are

text: reef

text: islands

text: and

text: the

text: six

text: true

text: atolls

text: are

text: Funafuti

text: Nanumea

text: Nui

text: Nukufetau

text: Nukulaelae

text: and

text: Vaitupu

text: Tuvalu

text: 's

text: Exclusive

text: Economic

text: Zone

text: EEZ

text: covers

text: an

text: oceanic

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

question: How many reef islands does the Tuvalu group have?

answer: three

text: three

question: What are the number of true atolls are in the Tuvalu islands?

answer: six

text: six

question: What is the total land area of Tuvalu?

answer: 26 square kilometres

text: 26 square kilometres

question: How does Tuvalu rank in country size as compared to other nations?

answer: fourth smallest

text: fourth smallest

question: What is the coverage of Tuvalu's economic zone?

answer: 900,000 km2

text: 900,000 km2


text: Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 63 No. 3, which includes a canon at one beat's distance, a great rarity in music.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: mazurkas

text: and

text: waltzes

text: are

text: all

text: in

text: straightforward

text: ternary

text: or

text: episodic

text: form

text: sometimes

text: with

text: a

text: coda

text: The

text: mazurkas

text: often

text: show

text: more

text: folk

text: features

text: than

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: other

text: works

text: sometimes

text: including

text: modal

text: scales

text: and

text: harmonies

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: drone

text: basses

text: However

text: some

text: also

text: show

text: unusual

text: sophistication

text: for

text: example

text: Op

text: No

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: canon

text: at

text: one

text: beat

text: 's

text: distance

text: a

text: great

text: rarity

text: in

text: music

question: Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions?

answer: folk features

text: folk features

question: What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?

answer: straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.

text: straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.

question: Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?

answer: mazurkas

text: mazurkas

question: What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?

answer: drone bass

text: drone bass

question: What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?

answer: a canon at one beat's distance

text: a canon at one beat's distance


text: On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: On

text: the

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: published

text: on

text: November

text: is

text: a

text: work

text: of

text: scientific

text: literature

text: by

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: introduced

text: the

text: scientific

text: theory

text: that

text: populations

text: evolve

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: generations

text: through

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: It

text: presented

text: a

text: body

text: of

text: evidence

text: that

text: the

text: diversity

text: of

text: life

text: arose

text: by

text: common

text: descent

text: through

text: a

text: branching

text: pattern

text: of

text: evolution

text: Darwin

text: included

text: evidence

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: gathered

text: on

text: the

text: Beagle

text: expedition

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: his

text: subsequent

text: findings

text: from

text: research

text: correspondence

text: and

text: experimentation

question: When was the Origin of Species published?

answer: 24 November 1859

text: 24 November 1859

question: Who wrote The Origin of Species?

answer: Charles Darwin

text: Charles Darwin

question: What branch of biology was The Origin of Species founded on?

answer: evolutionary biology

text: evolutionary biology

question: What was the expedition called that Charles Darwin discovered some of his evidence?

answer: Beagle expedition

text: Beagle expedition

question: How do populations evolve according to Charles Darwin's theory?

answer: through a process of natural selection

text: through a process of natural selection


text: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: grunge

text: music

text: having

text: produced

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Nirvana

text: Soundgarden

text: Alice

text: in

text: Chains

text: Pearl

text: Jam

text: and

text: Mudhoney

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: reached

text: international

text: audiences

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: such

text: varied

text: artists

text: as

text: avant

text: garde

text: jazz

text: musicians

text: Bill

text: Frisell

text: and

text: Wayne

text: Horvitz

text: hot

text: jazz

text: musician

text: Glenn

text: Crytzer

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: Sir

text: Mix

text: a

text: Lot

text: Macklemore

text: Blue

text: Scholars

text: and

text: Shabazz

text: Palaces

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: Kenny

text: G

text: classic

text: rock

text: staples

text: Heart

text: and

text: Queensrÿche

text: and

text: alternative

text: rock

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Foo

text: Fighters

text: Harvey

text: Danger

text: The

text: Presidents

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: Posies

text: Modest

text: Mouse

text: Band

text: of

text: Horses

text: Death

text: Cab

text: for

text: Cutie

text: and

text: Fleet

text: Foxes

text: Rock

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Jimi

text: Hendrix

text: Duff

text: McKagan

text: and

text: Nikki

text: Sixx

text: spent

text: their

text: formative

text: years

text: in

text: Seattle

question: What genre of music are Nirvana and Soundgarden?

answer: grunge

text: grunge

question: Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years?

answer: Seattle

text: Seattle

question: What type of musician is Bill Frisell?

answer: avant-garde jazz

text: avant-garde jazz

question: What style of music does Sir Mix-a-Lot and Macklemore represent in Seattle?

answer: hip hop

text: hip hop

question: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform?

answer: alternative rock

text: alternative rock


text: On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps. The acquisition seeks to use Watson for weather analytics and predictions. The acquisition does not include The Weather Channel itself, which will enter into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its data. The sale closed on January 29, 2016

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: On

text: October

text: IBM

text: announced

text: its

text: acquisition

text: of

text: digital

text: assets

text: from

text: The

text: Weather

text: Company

text: a

text: holding

text: company

text: of

text: Bain

text: Capital

text: The

text: Blackstone

text: Group

text: and

text: NBCUniversal

text: which

text: owns

text: The

text: Weather

text: Channel

text: including

text: its

text: weather

text: data

text: platforms

text: such

text: as

text: Weather

text: Services

text: International

text: websites

text: Weather.com

text: and

text: Weather

text: Underground

text: and

text: mobile

text: apps

text: The

text: acquisition

text: seeks

text: to

text: use

text: Watson

text: for

text: weather

text: analytics

text: and

text: predictions

text: The

text: acquisition

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: The

text: Weather

text: Channel

text: itself

text: which

text: will

text: enter

text: into

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: licensing

text: agreement

text: with

text: IBM

text: for

text: use

text: of

text: its

text: data

text: The

text: sale

text: closed

text: on

text: January

question: IBM acquired digital assets of this company on October 28, 2015.

answer: The Weather Company

text: The Weather Company

question: What will IBM use to analyze weather and make predictions?

answer: Watson

text: Watson

question: When did the sale of Weather Company assets close?

answer: January 29, 2016

text: January 29, 2016

question: The Weather Channel entered into what with IBM?

answer: long-term licensing agreement

text: long-term licensing agreement

question: Bain Capital is a holding company of which company?

answer: The Weather Company

text: The Weather Company