text: Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The Institute of technology implementation (IUT from Instituto universitario de tecnologia on Spanish) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUT's were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Most

text: of

text: these

text: institutes

text: award

text: diplomas

text: after

text: three

text: or

text: three

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: years

text: of

text: education

text: The

text: Institute

text: of

text: technology

text: implementation

text: IUT

text: from

text: Instituto

text: universitario

text: de

text: tecnologia

text: on

text: Spanish

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: IUT

text: at

text: Caracas

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Venezuela

text: called

text: IUT

text: Dr.

text: Federico

text: Rivero

text: Palacio

text: adopted

text: the

text: French

text: Institut

text: Universitaire

text: de

text: Technologie"s

text: system

text: using

text: French

text: personnel

text: and

text: study

text: system

text: based

text: on

text: three

text: year

text: periods

text: with

text: research

text: and

text: engineering

text: facilities

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: national

text: universities

text: to

text: obtain

text: French

text: equivalent

text: degrees

text: This

text: IUT

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: Venezuela

text: having

text: French

text: equivalent

text: degrees

text: accepted

text: implementing

text: this

text: system

text: and

text: observing

text: the

text: high

text: level

text: degrees

text: some

text: other

text: IUT

text: 's

text: were

text: created

text: in

text: Venezuela

text: regardless

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: term

text: IUT

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: appropriately

text: resulting

text: in

text: some

text: institutions

text: with

text: mediocre

text: quality

text: and

text: no

text: equivalent

text: degree

text: in

text: France

text: Later

text: some

text: private

text: institutions

text: sprang

text: up

text: using

text: IUT

text: in

text: their

text: names

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: original

text: French

text: system

text: and

text: award

text: lower

text: quality

text: degrees

question: What city in Venezuela had the first IUT?

answer: Caracas

text: Caracas

question: Who pioneered using the French system of technological education?

answer: Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio

text: Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio


text: Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but contains a higher proportion of "ices" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like that of Uranus, is primarily composed of ices and rock, and hence Uranus and Neptune are normally considered "ice giants" to emphasise this distinction. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Neptune

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: composition

text: to

text: Uranus

text: and

text: both

text: have

text: compositions

text: that

text: differ

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: gas

text: giants

text: Jupiter

text: and

text: Saturn

text: Like

text: Jupiter

text: and

text: Saturn

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: composed

text: primarily

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: helium

text: along

text: with

text: traces

text: of

text: hydrocarbons

text: and

text: possibly

text: nitrogen

text: but

text: contains

text: a

text: higher

text: proportion

text: of

text: ices

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: ammonia

text: and

text: methane

text: However

text: its

text: interior

text: like

text: that

text: of

text: Uranus

text: is

text: primarily

text: composed

text: of

text: ices

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: hence

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: are

text: normally

text: considered

text: ice

text: giants

text: to

text: emphasise

text: this

text: distinction

text: Traces

text: of

text: methane

text: in

text: the

text: outermost

text: regions

text: in

text: part

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: blue

text: appearance

question: Which planet is compositionally similar to Neptune?

answer: Uranus

text: Uranus

question: What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of?

answer: hydrogen and helium

text: hydrogen and helium

question: What is the interior of Neptune composed of?

answer: ices and rock

text: ices and rock

question: What makes Neptune blue?

answer: methane

text: methane

question: What "ices" makes up Neptune?

answer: water, ammonia, and methane

text: water, ammonia, and methane


text: The Tito-Stalin split had large ramifications for countries outside the USSR and Yugoslavia. It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Slánský trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed. Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to conduct purges in order to discourage the spread of the idea of a "national path to socialism," which Tito espoused.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: The

text: Tito

text: Stalin

text: split

text: had

text: large

text: ramifications

text: for

text: countries

text: outside

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: Yugoslavia

text: It

text: has

text: for

text: example

text: been

text: given

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reasons

text: for

text: the

text: Slánský

text: trial

text: in

text: Czechoslovakia

text: in

text: which

text: high

text: level

text: Communist

text: officials

text: were

text: purged

text: with

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: executed

text: Stalin

text: put

text: pressure

text: on

text: Czechoslovakia

text: to

text: conduct

text: purges

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: discourage

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: national

text: path

text: to

text: socialism

text: which

text: Tito

text: espoused

question: How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial?

answer: 14

question: How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial?

answer: 11

question: What country had pressure put on it by Stalin to conduct purges?

answer: Czechoslovakia

text: Czechoslovakia

question: Who espoused the "national path to socialism"?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: Who put pressure on Checkoslovakia to conduct purges?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin


text: An electrostatic motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors. They typically require a high-voltage power supply, although very small motors employ lower voltages. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic attraction and repulsion, and require high current at low voltages. In the 1750s, the first electrostatic motors were developed by Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon. Today the electrostatic motor finds frequent use in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) where their drive voltages are below 100 volts, and where moving, charged plates are far easier to fabricate than coils and iron cores. Also, the molecular machinery which runs living cells is often based on linear and rotary electrostatic motors.[citation needed]

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: An

text: electrostatic

text: motor

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: attraction

text: and

text: repulsion

text: of

text: electric

text: charge

text: Usually

text: electrostatic

text: motors

text: are

text: the

text: dual

text: of

text: conventional

text: coil

text: based

text: motors

text: They

text: typically

text: require

text: a

text: high

text: voltage

text: power

text: supply

text: although

text: very

text: small

text: motors

text: employ

text: lower

text: voltages

text: Conventional

text: electric

text: motors

text: instead

text: employ

text: magnetic

text: attraction

text: and

text: repulsion

text: and

text: require

text: high

text: current

text: at

text: low

text: voltages

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: first

text: electrostatic

text: motors

text: were

text: developed

text: by

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: and

text: Andrew

text: Gordon

text: Today

text: the

text: electrostatic

text: motor

text: finds

text: frequent

text: use

text: in

text: micro

text: electro

text: mechanical

text: systems

text: MEMS

text: where

text: their

text: drive

text: voltages

text: are

text: below

text: volts

text: and

text: where

text: moving

text: charged

text: plates

text: are

text: far

text: easier

text: to

text: fabricate

text: than

text: coils

text: and

text: iron

text: cores

text: Also

text: the

text: molecular

text: machinery

text: which

text: runs

text: living

text: cells

text: is

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: linear

text: and

text: rotary

text: electrostatic

text: motors.[citation

text: needed

question: What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge?

answer: electrostatic

text: electrostatic

question: What are electrostatic motors like two of?

answer: conventional coil-based motors

text: conventional coil-based motors

question: What type of power supply do electrostatic motors usually have?

answer: high-voltage

text: high-voltage

question: What two inventors developed the first electrostatic motors?

answer: Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon

text: Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon

question: Micro-electro mechanical systems prefer what type of motor?

answer: electrostatic motor

text: electrostatic motor


text: By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: western

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: smaller

text: political

text: units

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: tribes

text: that

text: had

text: invaded

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: deposition

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: emperor

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: Romulus

text: Augustus

text: in

text: has

text: traditionally

text: marked

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire.[E

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: its

text: western

text: counterpart

text: had

text: little

text: ability

text: to

text: assert

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: lost

text: western

text: territories

text: The

text: Byzantine

text: emperors

text: maintained

text: a

text: claim

text: over

text: the

text: territory

text: but

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: kings

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: dared

text: to

text: elevate

text: himself

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: emperor

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: Byzantine

text: control

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Empire

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: sustained

text: the

text: reconquest

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: peninsula

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: periphery

text: by

text: Justinian

text: r.

text: was

text: the

text: sole

text: and

text: temporary

text: exception

question: Who was the last Western Roman Emperor?

answer: Romulus Augustus

text: Romulus Augustus

question: When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end?

answer: 476

question: What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire?

answer: Byzantine Empire

text: Byzantine Empire

question: What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy?

answer: Justinian

text: Justinian

question: When did Justinian's reign end?

answer: 565


text: In astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into the Copernican heliocentric model. Heliocentric theories were also discussed by several other Muslim astronomers such as Al-Biruni, Al-Sijzi, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, and Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī. The astrolabe, though originally developed by the Greeks, was perfected by Islamic astronomers and engineers, and was subsequently brought to Europe.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: In

text: astronomy

text: Muḥammad

text: ibn

text: Jābir

text: al

text: Ḥarrānī

text: al

text: Battānī

text: improved

text: the

text: precision

text: of

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: the

text: precession

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: axis

text: The

text: corrections

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: geocentric

text: model

text: by

text: al

text: Battani

text: Averroes

text: Nasir

text: al

text: Din

text: al

text: Tusi

text: Mu'ayyad

text: al

text: Din

text: al-'Urdi

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Shatir

text: were

text: later

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Copernican

text: heliocentric

text: model

text: Heliocentric

text: theories

text: were

text: also

text: discussed

text: by

text: several

text: other

text: Muslim

text: astronomers

text: such

text: as

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: Al

text: Sijzi

text: Qotb

text: al

text: Din

text: Shirazi

text: and

text: Najm

text: al

text: Dīn

text: al

text: Qazwīnī

text: al

text: Kātibī

text: The

text: astrolabe

text: though

text: originally

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: was

text: perfected

text: by

text: Islamic

text: astronomers

text: and

text: engineers

text: and

text: was

text: subsequently

text: brought

text: to

text: Europe

question: What field did Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī contribute to?

answer: astronomy

text: astronomy

question: What work is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī known for as it regards to earth?

answer: improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis

text: improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis

question: Who created the astrolabe?

answer: the Greeks

text: the Greeks

question: What model did the work of Muslim World astronomers contribute to?

answer: the Copernican heliocentric model

text: the Copernican heliocentric model

question: Who is said to have mastered the astrolabe?

answer: Islamic astronomers and engineers

text: Islamic astronomers and engineers


text: In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were derived from volcanic island arcs, while the low-grade metamorphic rocks represent deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island frogs and deposited in a forearc basin. In short, greenstone belts represent sutured protocontinents.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: Proterozoic

text: Archean

text: rocks

text: are

text: often

text: heavily

text: metamorphized

text: deep

text: water

text: sediments

text: such

text: as

text: graywackes

text: mudstones

text: volcanic

text: sediments

text: and

text: banded

text: iron

text: formations

text: Greenstone

text: belts

text: are

text: typical

text: Archean

text: formations

text: consisting

text: of

text: alternating

text: high-

text: and

text: low

text: grade

text: metamorphic

text: rocks

text: The

text: high

text: grade

text: rocks

text: were

text: derived

text: from

text: volcanic

text: island

text: arcs

text: while

text: the

text: low

text: grade

text: metamorphic

text: rocks

text: represent

text: deep

text: sea

text: sediments

text: eroded

text: from

text: the

text: neighboring

text: island

text: frogs

text: and

text: deposited

text: in

text: a

text: forearc

text: basin

text: In

text: short

text: greenstone

text: belts

text: represent

text: sutured

text: protocontinents

question: What are Archean rocks composed of, in general?

answer: metamorphized deep-water sediments

text: metamorphized deep-water sediments

question: What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks?

answer: Greenstone

text: Greenstone

question: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?

answer: volcanic island arcs

text: volcanic island arcs

question: Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally?

answer: deep-sea sediments

text: deep-sea sediments

question: What is a greenstone belt?

answer: sutured protocontinents

text: sutured protocontinents


text: Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men and women. From the Rhineland to Riga to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, and spoke Yiddish in their secular lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now encompasses not just Orthodoxy and Hasidism, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and somehow retained a sense of Jewishness. Although a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association. Broadly speaking, a Jew is one who associates culturally with Jews, supports Jewish institutions, reads Jewish books and periodicals, attends Jewish movies and theater, travels to Israel, visits historical synagogues, and so forth. It is a definition that applies to Jewish culture in general, and to Ashkenazi Yiddishkeit in particular.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Culturally

text: an

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jew

text: can

text: be

text: identified

text: by

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: Yiddishkeit

text: which

text: means

text: Jewishness

text: in

text: the

text: Yiddish

text: language

text: Yiddishkeit

text: is

text: specifically

text: the

text: Jewishness

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: Before

text: the

text: Haskalah

text: and

text: the

text: emancipation

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: Europe

text: this

text: meant

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: Torah

text: and

text: Talmud

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: a

text: family

text: and

text: communal

text: life

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: observance

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Law

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: From

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: to

text: Riga

text: to

text: Romania

text: most

text: Jews

text: prayed

text: in

text: liturgical

text: Ashkenazi

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: spoke

text: Yiddish

text: in

text: their

text: secular

text: lives

text: But

text: with

text: modernization

text: Yiddishkeit

text: now

text: encompasses

text: not

text: just

text: Orthodoxy

text: and

text: Hasidism

text: but

text: a

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: movements

text: ideologies

text: practices

text: and

text: traditions

text: in

text: which

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: have

text: participated

text: and

text: somehow

text: retained

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: Jewishness

text: Although

text: a

text: far

text: smaller

text: number

text: of

text: Jews

text: still

text: speak

text: Yiddish

text: Yiddishkeit

text: can

text: be

text: identified

text: in

text: manners

text: of

text: speech

text: in

text: styles

text: of

text: humor

text: in

text: patterns

text: of

text: association

text: Broadly

text: speaking

text: a

text: Jew

text: is

text: one

text: who

text: associates

text: culturally

text: with

text: Jews

text: supports

text: Jewish

text: institutions

text: reads

text: Jewish

text: books

text: and

text: periodicals

text: attends

text: Jewish

text: movies

text: and

text: theater

text: travels

text: to

text: Israel

text: visits

text: historical

text: synagogues

text: and

text: so

text: forth

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: definition

text: that

text: applies

text: to

text: Jewish

text: culture

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: to

text: Ashkenazi

text: Yiddishkeit

text: in

text: particular

question: Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by what concept?

answer: Yiddishkeit

text: Yiddishkeit

question: Is there a larger or smaller number of Jews that speak Yiddish today than in the past?

answer: a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish

text: a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish

question: What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language?

answer: "Jewishness"

text: "Jewishness"

question: In the past most Jews prayed in what language?

answer: liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew

text: liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew

question: In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives?

answer: Yiddish

text: Yiddish


text: Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the state of Pennsylvania and The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania and Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: major

text: science

text: museums

text: include

text: the

text: Franklin

text: Institute

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: National

text: Memorial

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Natural

text: Sciences

text: the

text: Mütter

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Museum

text: of

text: Archaeology

text: and

text: Anthropology

text: History

text: museums

text: include

text: the

text: National

text: Constitution

text: Center

text: the

text: Atwater

text: Kent

text: Museum

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: History

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: American

text: Jewish

text: History

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: Museum

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: the

text: Historical

text: Society

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: the

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Free

text: and

text: Accepted

text: Masons

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: The

text: Masonic

text: Library

text: and

text: Museum

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: Eastern

text: State

text: Penitentiary

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: first

text: zoo

text: and

text: hospital

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Fairmount

text: Park

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: oldest

text: and

text: largest

text: urban

text: parks

question: Name the archaeology museum?

answer: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

text: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

question: Name a museum named after a founding father?

answer: Franklin Institute

text: Franklin Institute

question: Which city had the nations first zoo?

answer: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

question: Name Philidelphia's largest park?

answer: Fairmount Park

text: Fairmount Park


text: The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff, who was bought for a world record £920,000 from Ajax. Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco. He further endeared himself when he named his son Jordi, after the local Catalan Saint George. Next to champions like Juan Manuel Asensi, Carles Rexach and Hugo Sotil, he helped the club win the 1973–74 season for the first time since 1960, defeating Real Madrid 5–0 at the Bernabéu along the way. He was crowned European Footballer of the Year in 1973 during his first season with Barcelona (his second Ballon d'Or win; he won his first while playing for Ajax in 1971). Cruyff received this prestigious award a third time (the first player to do so) in 1974, while he was still with Barcelona.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: The

text: season

text: saw

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: Johan

text: Cruyff

text: who

text: was

text: bought

text: for

text: a

text: world

text: record

text: from

text: Ajax

text: Already

text: an

text: established

text: player

text: with

text: Ajax

text: Cruyff

text: quickly

text: won

text: over

text: the

text: Barcelona

text: fans

text: when

text: he

text: told

text: the

text: European

text: press

text: that

text: he

text: chose

text: Barcelona

text: over

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: because

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: play

text: for

text: a

text: club

text: associated

text: with

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: He

text: further

text: endeared

text: himself

text: when

text: he

text: named

text: his

text: son

text: Jordi

text: after

text: the

text: local

text: Catalan

text: Saint

text: George

text: Next

text: to

text: champions

text: like

text: Juan

text: Manuel

text: Asensi

text: Carles

text: Rexach

text: and

text: Hugo

text: Sotil

text: he

text: helped

text: the

text: club

text: win

text: the

text: season

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: defeating

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: at

text: the

text: Bernabéu

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: He

text: was

text: crowned

text: European

text: Footballer

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: in

text: during

text: his

text: first

text: season

text: with

text: Barcelona

text: his

text: second

text: Ballon

text: d'Or

text: win

text: he

text: won

text: his

text: first

text: while

text: playing

text: for

text: Ajax

text: in

text: Cruyff

text: received

text: this

text: prestigious

text: award

text: a

text: third

text: time

text: the

text: first

text: player

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: in

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: still

text: with

text: Barcelona

question: When did Johan Cruyff join Barcelona?

answer: The 1973–74 season

text: The 1973–74 season

question: What did Johan Cruyff say to the European press that won over Barelona fans?

answer: he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco

text: he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco

question: Who did Johan Cruyff name his son after?

answer: Catalan Saint George

text: Catalan Saint George

question: When was Johan Cruyff first crowned footballer of the year while playing for Barcelona?

answer: 1973

question: When was Johan Cruyff crowned footballer of the year for the third time?

answer: 1974

question: How much did Barcelona pay to acquire Johan Cruyff?

answer: £920,000

question: For what team did Cruyff refuse to play?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: What dictator's rule was Cruyff's reason for avoiding Real Madrid?

answer: Francisco Franco

text: Francisco Franco

question: What award did Cruyff win during his first year with Barcelona?

answer: European Footballer of the Year

text: European Footballer of the Year

question: When did Cruyff win his third Ballon d'Or?

answer: 1974


text: Arnold Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics which were held in Shanghai, China. Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them. In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide. He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars, and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002. ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Arnold

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: been

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: Special

text: Olympics

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: after

text: they

text: were

text: founded

text: by

text: his

text: ex

text: mother

text: in

text: law

text: Eunice

text: Kennedy

text: Shriver

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: spokesperson

text: for

text: the

text: Special

text: Olympics

text: which

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Shanghai

text: China

text: Schwarzenegger

text: believes

text: that

text: quality

text: school

text: opportunities

text: should

text: be

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: children

text: who

text: might

text: not

text: normally

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: access

text: them

text: In

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: Inner

text: City

text: Games

text: Foundation

text: ICG

text: which

text: provides

text: cultural

text: educational

text: and

text: community

text: enrichment

text: programming

text: to

text: youth

text: ICG

text: is

text: active

text: in

text: cities

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: serves

text: over

text: children

text: in

text: over

text: schools

text: countrywide

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: involved

text: with

text: After

text: School

text: All

text: Stars

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: branch

text: in

text: ASAS

text: is

text: an

text: after

text: school

text: program

text: provider

text: educating

text: youth

text: about

text: health

text: fitness

text: and

text: nutrition

question: What nonprofit did Schwarzenegger found in 1995?

answer: the Inner City Games Foundation

text: the Inner City Games Foundation

question: Schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the Special Olympic games held in what city in China?

answer: Shanghai

text: Shanghai

question: About how many schools across the country is ICG active in?

answer: 400


text: Examining the influence of humanism on scholars in medicine, mathematics, astronomy and physics may suggest that humanism and universities were a strong impetus for the scientific revolution. Although the connection between humanism and the scientific discovery may very well have begun within the confines of the university, the connection has been commonly perceived as having been severed by the changing nature of science during the scientific revolution. Historians such as Richard S. Westfall have argued that the overt traditionalism of universities inhibited attempts to re-conceptualize nature and knowledge and caused an indelible tension between universities and scientists. This resistance to changes in science may have been a significant factor in driving many scientists away from the university and toward private benefactors, usually in princely courts, and associations with newly forming scientific societies.

title: University

title: University

text: Examining

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: humanism

text: on

text: scholars

text: in

text: medicine

text: mathematics

text: astronomy

text: and

text: physics

text: may

text: suggest

text: that

text: humanism

text: and

text: universities

text: were

text: a

text: strong

text: impetus

text: for

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: Although

text: the

text: connection

text: between

text: humanism

text: and

text: the

text: scientific

text: discovery

text: may

text: very

text: well

text: have

text: begun

text: within

text: the

text: confines

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: the

text: connection

text: has

text: been

text: commonly

text: perceived

text: as

text: having

text: been

text: severed

text: by

text: the

text: changing

text: nature

text: of

text: science

text: during

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: Historians

text: such

text: as

text: Richard

text: S.

text: Westfall

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: overt

text: traditionalism

text: of

text: universities

text: inhibited

text: attempts

text: to

text: re

text: conceptualize

text: nature

text: and

text: knowledge

text: and

text: caused

text: an

text: indelible

text: tension

text: between

text: universities

text: and

text: scientists

text: This

text: resistance

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: science

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: significant

text: factor

text: in

text: driving

text: many

text: scientists

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: toward

text: private

text: benefactors

text: usually

text: in

text: princely

text: courts

text: and

text: associations

text: with

text: newly

text: forming

text: scientific

text: societies

question: The study of humanism among those studying math, astronomy and medicine is said to have caused what?

answer: the scientific revolution

text: the scientific revolution

question: Resisting what caused many scientists to court private benefactors?

answer: changes in science

text: changes in science

question: Where might a scientist find a friendly private benefactor?

answer: princely courts

text: princely courts

question: Which historian argues that traditionalism in a university system hindered attempts to form new views on knowledge and nature?

answer: Richard S. Westfall

text: Richard S. Westfall


text: Śuddhodana was determined to see his son become a king, so he prevented him from leaving the palace grounds. But at age 29, despite his father's efforts, Gautama ventured beyond the palace several times. In a series of encounters—known in Buddhist literature as the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man, apparently content and at peace with the world. These experiences prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Śuddhodana

text: was

text: determined

text: to

text: see

text: his

text: son

text: become

text: a

text: king

text: so

text: he

text: prevented

text: him

text: from

text: leaving

text: the

text: palace

text: grounds

text: But

text: at

text: age

text: despite

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: efforts

text: Gautama

text: ventured

text: beyond

text: the

text: palace

text: several

text: times

text: In

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: encounters

text: known

text: in

text: Buddhist

text: literature

text: as

text: the

text: four

text: sights

text: he

text: learned

text: of

text: the

text: suffering

text: of

text: ordinary

text: people

text: encountering

text: an

text: old

text: man

text: a

text: sick

text: man

text: a

text: corpse

text: and

text: finally

text: an

text: ascetic

text: holy

text: man

text: apparently

text: content

text: and

text: at

text: peace

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: These

text: experiences

text: prompted

text: Gautama

text: to

text: abandon

text: royal

text: life

text: and

text: take

text: up

text: a

text: spiritual

text: quest

question: What did Śuddhodana do to ensure that his son became a king instead of a holy man?

answer: prevented him from leaving the palace grounds

text: prevented him from leaving the palace grounds

question: How old was Gautama when he first left the palace grounds?

answer: 29

question: What happened when Gautama left the palace grounds?

answer: he learned of the suffering of ordinary people

text: he learned of the suffering of ordinary people

question: What are the four sights in Buddhism?

answer: encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man

text: encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man

question: What did Buddha's father want him to become?

answer: a king

text: a king

question: By what age was he venturing outside?

answer: 29

question: What were his first four encounters called?

answer: the four sights

text: the four sights

question: What did Gautama do after learning about the outside world?

answer: abandon royal life

text: abandon royal life

question: Suddhodana wanted his son to become what?

answer: a king

text: a king

question: At what age did Gautama venture out from the palace area?

answer: 29

question: How many "sights" did Gautama have that are well known?

answer: four

text: four

question: Gautama encountered an old man, a sick man, a holy man, and a what?

answer: corpse

text: corpse


text: Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching. The resistance, determined by width and thickness, of the traces must be sufficiently low for the current the conductor will carry. Power and ground traces may need to be wider than signal traces. In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return. For microwave circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in the form of stripline and microstrip with carefully controlled dimensions to assure a consistent impedance. In radio-frequency and fast switching circuits the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant circuit elements, usually undesired; but they can be used as a deliberate part of the circuit design, obviating the need for additional discrete components.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Each

text: trace

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: flat

text: narrow

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: copper

text: foil

text: that

text: remains

text: after

text: etching

text: The

text: resistance

text: determined

text: by

text: width

text: and

text: thickness

text: of

text: the

text: traces

text: must

text: be

text: sufficiently

text: low

text: for

text: the

text: current

text: the

text: conductor

text: will

text: carry

text: Power

text: and

text: ground

text: traces

text: may

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: wider

text: than

text: signal

text: traces

text: In

text: a

text: multi

text: layer

text: board

text: one

text: entire

text: layer

text: may

text: be

text: mostly

text: solid

text: copper

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: ground

text: plane

text: for

text: shielding

text: and

text: power

text: return

text: For

text: microwave

text: circuits

text: transmission

text: lines

text: can

text: be

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: stripline

text: and

text: microstrip

text: with

text: carefully

text: controlled

text: dimensions

text: to

text: assure

text: a

text: consistent

text: impedance

text: In

text: radio

text: frequency

text: and

text: fast

text: switching

text: circuits

text: the

text: inductance

text: and

text: capacitance

text: of

text: the

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: conductors

text: become

text: significant

text: circuit

text: elements

text: usually

text: undesired

text: but

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: deliberate

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: circuit

text: design

text: obviating

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: additional

text: discrete

text: components

question: What process is a trace left over from?

answer: etching

text: etching

question: Along with thickness, what determines the resistance of a trace?

answer: width

text: width

question: What type of trace is often narrower than a ground trace?

answer: signal

text: signal

question: In a multi-layer board, what metal would a ground plane be mostly made out of?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What type of circuits use a stripline and microstrip format?

answer: microwave circuits

text: microwave circuits


text: But house was also being developed on Ibiza,[citation needed] although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time. By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible.[citation needed] Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock, pop, disco and house. These clubs, fueled by their distinctive sound and Ecstasy, began to have an influence on the British scene. By late 1987, DJs such as Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling were bringing the Ibiza sound to UK clubs such as the Haçienda in Manchester, and in London clubs such as Shoom in Southwark, Heaven, Future and Spectrum.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: But

text: house

text: was

text: also

text: being

text: developed

text: on

text: Ibiza,[citation

text: needed

text: although

text: no

text: house

text: artists

text: or

text: labels

text: were

text: coming

text: from

text: this

text: tiny

text: island

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: By

text: the

text: a

text: distinct

text: Balearic

text: mix

text: of

text: house

text: was

text: discernible.[citation

text: needed

text: Several

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Amnesia

text: with

text: DJ

text: Alfredo

text: were

text: playing

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: rock

text: pop

text: disco

text: and

text: house

text: These

text: clubs

text: fueled

text: by

text: their

text: distinctive

text: sound

text: and

text: Ecstasy

text: began

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: scene

text: By

text: late

text: DJs

text: such

text: as

text: Trevor

text: Fung

text: Paul

text: Oakenfold

text: and

text: Danny

text: Rampling

text: were

text: bringing

text: the

text: Ibiza

text: sound

text: to

text: UK

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Haçienda

text: in

text: Manchester

text: and

text: in

text: London

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Shoom

text: in

text: Southwark

text: Heaven

text: Future

text: and

text: Spectrum

question: what tiny island was house music also being devloped on?

answer: Ibiza

text: Ibiza

question: what was a popular club in ibiza that started playing dance and house music?

answer: Amnesia

text: Amnesia

question: who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s?

answer: DJ Alfredo

text: DJ Alfredo

question: who were some of the DJs that brought the ibiza sound to uk clubs in late 1987?

answer: Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling

text: Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling

question: what was the name of the big dance club in Manchester UK in the late 80s?

answer: Haçienda

text: Haçienda


text: In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night. In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals. In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two of each selected. These seasons also featured a wildcard round, where contestants who failed to qualify were given another chance. In season one, only one wildcard contestant was chosen by the judges, giving a total of ten finalists. In seasons two and three, each of the three judges championed one contestant with the public advancing a fourth into the finals, making 12 finalists in all.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: seasons

text: the

text: semi

text: finalists

text: were

text: split

text: into

text: different

text: groups

text: to

text: perform

text: individually

text: in

text: their

text: respective

text: night

text: In

text: season

text: one

text: there

text: were

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: ten

text: with

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: contestants

text: from

text: each

text: group

text: making

text: the

text: finals

text: In

text: seasons

text: two

text: and

text: three

text: there

text: were

text: four

text: groups

text: of

text: eight

text: and

text: the

text: top

text: two

text: of

text: each

text: selected

text: These

text: seasons

text: also

text: featured

text: a

text: wildcard

text: round

text: where

text: contestants

text: who

text: failed

text: to

text: qualify

text: were

text: given

text: another

text: chance

text: In

text: season

text: one

text: only

text: one

text: wildcard

text: contestant

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: judges

text: giving

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: ten

text: finalists

text: In

text: seasons

text: two

text: and

text: three

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: judges

text: championed

text: one

text: contestant

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: advancing

text: a

text: fourth

text: into

text: the

text: finals

text: making

text: finalists

text: in

text: all

question: How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: What is the name of the round that gives failed contestants another chance?

answer: wildcard

text: wildcard

question: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in season one?

answer: three groups of ten

text: three groups of ten

question: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in seasons two and three?

answer: four groups of eight

text: four groups of eight

question: When did the wildcard round become a factor?

answer: season one

text: season one

question: How many finalists were chosen for season one?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: How many finalists made it to the finals for seasons two and three?

answer: 12


text: There are also three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff with particular remits, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations). The Surgeon General, represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff, and is the clinical head of that service.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: three

text: Deputy

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: the

text: Defence

text: Staff

text: with

text: particular

text: remits

text: Deputy

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Defence

text: Staff

text: Capability

text: Deputy

text: CDS

text: Personnel

text: and

text: Training

text: and

text: Deputy

text: CDS

text: Operations

text: The

text: Surgeon

text: General

text: represents

text: the

text: Defence

text: Medical

text: Services

text: on

text: the

text: Defence

text: Staff

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: clinical

text: head

text: of

text: that

text: service

question: How many Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff are there?

answer: three

text: three

question: What are the three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff?

answer: Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations)

text: Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations)

question: Who represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff?

answer: The Surgeon General

text: The Surgeon General

question: Who leads the Defence Medical Services?

answer: The Surgeon General

text: The Surgeon General


text: Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: Since

text: with

text: the

text: strengthening

text: of

text: self

text: rule

text: the

text: urban

text: and

text: rural

text: districts

text: Kreise

text: within

text: each

text: province

text: sometimes

text: within

text: each

text: governorate

text: formed

text: a

text: corporation

text: with

text: common

text: tasks

text: and

text: assets

text: schools

text: traffic

text: installations

text: hospitals

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: jails

text: etc

text: called

text: the

text: Provinzialverband

text: provincial

text: association

text: Initially

text: the

text: assemblies

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: and

text: rural

text: districts

text: elected

text: representatives

text: for

text: the

text: provincial

text: diets

text: Provinziallandtage

text: which

text: were

text: thus

text: indirectly

text: elected

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: provincial

text: diets

text: or

text: as

text: to

text: governorate

text: diets

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Kommunallandtage

text: were

text: directly

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: or

text: governorates

text: respectively

text: These

text: parliaments

text: legislated

text: within

text: the

text: competences

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: provincial

text: associations

text: The

text: provincial

text: diet

text: of

text: East

text: Prussia

text: elected

text: a

text: provincial

text: executive

text: body

text: government

text: the

text: provincial

text: committee

text: Provinzialausschuss

text: and

text: a

text: head

text: of

text: province

text: the

text: Landeshauptmann

text: Land

text: Captain

text: till

text: the

text: titled

text: Landdirektor

text: land

text: director

question: What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?

answer: schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails

text: schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails

question: What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?

answer: Provinzialverband

text: Provinzialverband

question: What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?

answer: elected by the citizens of the provinces

text: elected by the citizens of the provinces


text: Sapwood (or alburnum) is the younger, outermost wood; in the growing tree it is living wood, and its principal functions are to conduct water from the roots to the leaves and to store up and give back according to the season the reserves prepared in the leaves. However, by the time they become competent to conduct water, all xylem tracheids and vessels have lost their cytoplasm and the cells are therefore functionally dead. All wood in a tree is first formed as sapwood. The more leaves a tree bears and the more vigorous its growth, the larger the volume of sapwood required. Hence trees making rapid growth in the open have thicker sapwood for their size than trees of the same species growing in dense forests. Sometimes trees (of species that do form heartwood) grown in the open may become of considerable size, 30 cm or more in diameter, before any heartwood begins to form, for example, in second-growth hickory, or open-grown pines.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Sapwood

text: or

text: alburnum

text: is

text: the

text: younger

text: outermost

text: wood

text: in

text: the

text: growing

text: tree

text: it

text: is

text: living

text: wood

text: and

text: its

text: principal

text: functions

text: are

text: to

text: conduct

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: roots

text: to

text: the

text: leaves

text: and

text: to

text: store

text: up

text: and

text: give

text: back

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: reserves

text: prepared

text: in

text: the

text: leaves

text: However

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: they

text: become

text: competent

text: to

text: conduct

text: water

text: all

text: xylem

text: tracheids

text: and

text: vessels

text: have

text: lost

text: their

text: cytoplasm

text: and

text: the

text: cells

text: are

text: therefore

text: functionally

text: dead

text: All

text: wood

text: in

text: a

text: tree

text: is

text: first

text: formed

text: as

text: sapwood

text: The

text: more

text: leaves

text: a

text: tree

text: bears

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: vigorous

text: its

text: growth

text: the

text: larger

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: sapwood

text: required

text: Hence

text: trees

text: making

text: rapid

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: open

text: have

text: thicker

text: sapwood

text: for

text: their

text: size

text: than

text: trees

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: growing

text: in

text: dense

text: forests

text: Sometimes

text: trees

text: of

text: species

text: that

text: do

text: form

text: heartwood

text: grown

text: in

text: the

text: open

text: may

text: become

text: of

text: considerable

text: size

text: cm

text: or

text: more

text: in

text: diameter

text: before

text: any

text: heartwood

text: begins

text: to

text: form

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: second

text: growth

text: hickory

text: or

text: open

text: grown

text: pines

question: What term is interchangeable with "sapwood"?

answer: alburnum

text: alburnum

question: Is sapwood the younger or older wood in a tree?

answer: younger

text: younger

question: What essential liquid is the sapwood tasked with carrying around a tree?

answer: water

text: water

question: How much of the wood in a tree is sapwood at some point in its life?

answer: All

text: All

question: Does a tree growing quickly out in the open have thinner or thicker sapwood for its size than the same kind of tree in a dense forest?

answer: thicker

text: thicker


text: As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: As

text: of

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: residents

text: age

text: and

text: older

text: spoke

text: English

text: at

text: home

text: as

text: a

text: primary

text: language

text: while

text: spoke

text: Spanish

text: Chinese

text: Vietnamese

text: Russian

text: French

text: other

text: Asian

text: languages

text: African

text: languages

text: Cambodian

text: Mon

text: Khmer

text: and

text: Italian

text: was

text: spoken

text: as

text: a

text: main

text: language

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: five

text: In

text: total

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: population

text: age

text: and

text: older

text: spoke

text: a

text: mother

text: language

text: other

text: than

text: English

question: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak English?

answer: 79.12%

question: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak Spanish?

answer: 9.72%

question: What is the total over 5's that speak another language than English?

answer: 20.88%


text: Thus, only in 1944 did the U.S. Navy begin to use its 150 submarines to maximum effect: installing effective shipboard radar, replacing commanders deemed lacking in aggression, and fixing the faults in the torpedoes. Japanese commerce protection was "shiftless beyond description,"[nb 14] and convoys were poorly organized and defended compared to Allied ones, a product of flawed IJN doctrine and training – errors concealed by American faults as much as Japanese overconfidence. The number of U.S. submarines patrols (and sinkings) rose steeply: 350 patrols (180 ships sunk) in 1942, 350 (335) in 1943, and 520 (603) in 1944. By 1945, sinkings of Japanese vessels had decreased because so few targets dared to venture out on the high seas. In all, Allied submarines destroyed 1,200 merchant ships – about five million tons of shipping. Most were small cargo-carriers, but 124 were tankers bringing desperately needed oil from the East Indies. Another 320 were passenger ships and troop transports. At critical stages of the Guadalcanal, Saipan, and Leyte campaigns, thousands of Japanese troops were killed or diverted from where they were needed. Over 200 warships were sunk, ranging from many auxiliaries and destroyers to one battleship and no fewer than eight carriers.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Thus

text: only

text: in

text: did

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: begin

text: to

text: use

text: its

text: submarines

text: to

text: maximum

text: effect

text: installing

text: effective

text: shipboard

text: radar

text: replacing

text: commanders

text: deemed

text: lacking

text: in

text: aggression

text: and

text: fixing

text: the

text: faults

text: in

text: the

text: torpedoes

text: Japanese

text: commerce

text: protection

text: was

text: shiftless

text: beyond

text: description,"[nb

text: and

text: convoys

text: were

text: poorly

text: organized

text: and

text: defended

text: compared

text: to

text: Allied

text: ones

text: a

text: product

text: of

text: flawed

text: IJN

text: doctrine

text: and

text: training

text: errors

text: concealed

text: by

text: American

text: faults

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: Japanese

text: overconfidence

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: U.S.

text: submarines

text: patrols

text: and

text: sinkings

text: rose

text: steeply

text: patrols

text: ships

text: sunk

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: By

text: sinkings

text: of

text: Japanese

text: vessels

text: had

text: decreased

text: because

text: so

text: few

text: targets

text: dared

text: to

text: venture

text: out

text: on

text: the

text: high

text: seas

text: In

text: all

text: Allied

text: submarines

text: destroyed

text: merchant

text: ships

text: about

text: five

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: shipping

text: Most

text: were

text: small

text: cargo

text: carriers

text: but

text: were

text: tankers

text: bringing

text: desperately

text: needed

text: oil

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: Indies

text: Another

text: were

text: passenger

text: ships

text: and

text: troop

text: transports

text: At

text: critical

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: Guadalcanal

text: Saipan

text: and

text: Leyte

text: campaigns

text: thousands

text: of

text: Japanese

text: troops

text: were

text: killed

text: or

text: diverted

text: from

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: needed

text: Over

text: warships

text: were

text: sunk

text: ranging

text: from

text: many

text: auxiliaries

text: and

text: destroyers

text: to

text: one

text: battleship

text: and

text: no

text: fewer

text: than

text: eight

text: carriers

question: When did the US Navy begin to use it's submarines to maximum effect?

answer: 1944

question: How many Japanese ships were sunk in 1942 by United States submarines?

answer: 180

question: How many Japanese merchant ships did Allied submarines sink during the war?

answer: 1,200

question: How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: How many Japanese ships were sunk in 1944 by United States submarines?

answer: 603


text: Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. This was to be accomplished through the study of the studia humanitatis, today known as the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy. As a program to revive the cultural – and particularly the literary – legacy and moral philosophy of classical antiquity, Humanism was a pervasive cultural mode and not the program of a few isolated geniuses like Rabelais or Erasmus as is still sometimes popularly believed.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Humanists

text: reacted

text: against

text: this

text: utilitarian

text: approach

text: and

text: the

text: narrow

text: pedantry

text: associated

text: with

text: it

text: They

text: sought

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: citizenry

text: frequently

text: including

text: women

text: able

text: to

text: speak

text: and

text: write

text: with

text: eloquence

text: and

text: clarity

text: and

text: thus

text: capable

text: of

text: engaging

text: the

text: civic

text: life

text: of

text: their

text: communities

text: and

text: persuading

text: others

text: to

text: virtuous

text: and

text: prudent

text: actions

text: This

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: accomplished

text: through

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: studia

text: humanitatis

text: today

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: humanities

text: grammar

text: rhetoric

text: history

text: poetry

text: and

text: moral

text: philosophy

text: As

text: a

text: program

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: particularly

text: the

text: literary

text: legacy

text: and

text: moral

text: philosophy

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: Humanism

text: was

text: a

text: pervasive

text: cultural

text: mode

text: and

text: not

text: the

text: program

text: of

text: a

text: few

text: isolated

text: geniuses

text: like

text: Rabelais

text: or

text: Erasmus

text: as

text: is

text: still

text: sometimes

text: popularly

text: believed

question: What was it about the utilitatian beliefs that humanism believers did not like?

answer: narrow pedantry

text: narrow pedantry

question: What group that had been to this point neglected was included in this thought?

answer: women

text: women

question: What foundation of study allowed for the accomplishment of the goal of a scholarly people?

answer: humanities

text: humanities

question: Was the humanism of the time limited to scholars?

answer: pervasive cultural mode

text: pervasive cultural mode


text: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art. Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information. Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world. Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and kibbutzim. Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Israel

text: Museum

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: and

text: houses

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: scrolls

text: along

text: with

text: an

text: extensive

text: collection

text: of

text: Judaica

text: and

text: European

text: art

text: Israel

text: 's

text: national

text: Holocaust

text: museum

text: Yad

text: Vashem

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: central

text: archive

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: related

text: information

text: Beth

text: Hatefutsoth

text: the

text: Diaspora

text: Museum

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: University

text: is

text: an

text: interactive

text: museum

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: major

text: museums

text: in

text: large

text: cities

text: there

text: are

text: high

text: quality

text: artspaces

text: in

text: many

text: towns

text: and

text: kibbutzim

text: Mishkan

text: Le'Omanut

text: on

text: Kibbutz

text: Ein

text: Harod

text: Meuhad

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: country

question: What is one of Israel's most important culturural institutions?

answer: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem

text: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem

question: What is an interactive museum on the campus of Tel Aviv University?

answer: Beth Hatefutsoth

text: Beth Hatefutsoth

question: What is the largest art museum in the north of the country?

answer: Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad

text: Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad


text: The Australian government controls the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and revenue from it extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) around Norfolk Island (roughly 428,000km2) and territorial sea claims to three nautical miles (6 km) from the island. There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources. The exclusive economic zone provides the islanders with fish, its only major natural resource. Norfolk Island has no direct control over any marine areas but has an agreement with the Commonwealth through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to fish "recreationally" in a small section of the EEZ known locally as "the Box". While there is speculation that the zone may include oil and gas deposits, this is not proven. There are no major arable lands or permanent farmlands, though about 25 per cent of the island is a permanent pasture. There is no irrigated land. The island uses the Australian dollar as its currency.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: The

text: Australian

text: government

text: controls

text: the

text: exclusive

text: economic

text: zone

text: EEZ

text: and

text: revenue

text: from

text: it

text: extending

text: nautical

text: miles

text: km

text: around

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: roughly

text: and

text: territorial

text: sea

text: claims

text: to

text: three

text: nautical

text: miles

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: strong

text: belief

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: revenue

text: generated

text: from

text: Norfolk

text: 's

text: EEZ

text: should

text: be

text: available

text: to

text: providing

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: health

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: which

text: the

text: island

text: has

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: similar

text: to

text: how

text: the

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: access

text: revenue

text: from

text: their

text: mineral

text: resources

text: The

text: exclusive

text: economic

text: zone

text: provides

text: the

text: islanders

text: with

text: fish

text: its

text: only

text: major

text: natural

text: resource

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: has

text: no

text: direct

text: control

text: over

text: any

text: marine

text: areas

text: but

text: has

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: through

text: the

text: Australian

text: Fisheries

text: Management

text: Authority

text: AFMA

text: to

text: fish

text: recreationally

text: in

text: a

text: small

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: EEZ

text: known

text: locally

text: as

text: the

text: Box

text: While

text: there

text: is

text: speculation

text: that

text: the

text: zone

text: may

text: include

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: deposits

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: proven

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: major

text: arable

text: lands

text: or

text: permanent

text: farmlands

text: though

text: about

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: a

text: permanent

text: pasture

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: irrigated

text: land

text: The

text: island

text: uses

text: the

text: Australian

text: dollar

text: as

text: its

text: currency

question: What services do Norfolk Island residents believe should be made available from the Norfolk Island's EEZ profit?

answer: health and infrastructure

text: health and infrastructure

question: What is Norfolk Island's only major natural resource?

answer: fish

text: fish

question: What is the name of the area residents of Norfolk Island are permitted to fish recreationally?

answer: the Box

text: the Box

question: What is speculated to be available in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?

answer: oil and gas deposits

text: oil and gas deposits

question: What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture?

answer: 25


text: Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity. Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation. Northwestern received $550 million in research funding in 2014. Northwestern supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominately in the medical and biological sciences. Through the Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO), Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patents applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $79.8 million in licensing revenue in 2013. The bulk of revenue has come from a patent on pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule discovered by chemistry professor Richard Silverman, which ultimately was marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. INVO has been involved in creating a number of centers, including the Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) and the Center for Device Development (CD2). It has also helped form over 50 Northwestern startup companies based on Northwestern technologies.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Northwestern

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

text: in

text: and

text: remains

text: a

text: research

text: university

text: with

text: very

text: high

text: research

text: activity

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: schools

text: of

text: management

text: engineering

text: and

text: communication

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: academically

text: productive

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Northwestern

text: received

text: million

text: in

text: research

text: funding

text: in

text: Northwestern

text: supports

text: nearly

text: research

text: laboratories

text: across

text: two

text: campuses

text: predominately

text: in

text: the

text: medical

text: and

text: biological

text: sciences

text: Through

text: the

text: Innovation

text: and

text: New

text: Ventures

text: Office

text: INVO

text: Northwestern

text: researchers

text: disclosed

text: inventions

text: filed

text: patents

text: applications

text: received

text: foreign

text: and

text: US

text: patents

text: started

text: companies

text: and

text: generated

text: million

text: in

text: licensing

text: revenue

text: in

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: revenue

text: has

text: come

text: from

text: a

text: patent

text: on

text: pregabalin

text: a

text: synthesized

text: organic

text: molecule

text: discovered

text: by

text: chemistry

text: professor

text: Richard

text: Silverman

text: which

text: ultimately

text: was

text: marketed

text: as

text: Lyrica

text: a

text: drug

text: sold

text: by

text: Pfizer

text: to

text: combat

text: epilepsy

text: neuropathic

text: pain

text: and

text: fibromyalgia

text: INVO

text: has

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: creating

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: centers

text: including

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Developmental

text: Therapeutics

text: CDT

text: and

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Device

text: Development

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: helped

text: form

text: over

text: Northwestern

text: startup

text: companies

text: based

text: on

text: Northwestern

text: technologies

question: When was Northwestern elected to the Association of American Universities?

answer: 1917

question: Which of Northwestern's schools are among the most academically productive in the nation?

answer: management, engineering, and communication

text: management, engineering, and communication

question: In 2014, how much research funding did Northwestern receive?

answer: $550 million

text: $550 million

question: Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica?

answer: chemistry professor Richard Silverman

text: chemistry professor Richard Silverman

question: How many companies were started through Northwestern's Innovations and New Ventures Office?

answer: 12


text: Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome, gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages. 5th century mosaics can be found over the triumphal arch and in the nave of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period. Two other important 5th century mosaics are lost but we know them from 17th-century drawings. In the apse mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti (462–472, destroyed in 1589) Christ was seated on a globe with the twelve Apostles flanking him, six on either side. At Sant'Andrea in Catabarbara (468–483, destroyed in 1686) Christ appeared in the center, flanked on either side by three Apostles. Four streams flowed from the little mountain supporting Christ. The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559. The composition probably remained unchanged: Christ flanked by male and female saints, seated on a hill while lambs drinking from a stream at its feet. All three mosaics had a similar iconography.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Christian

text: mosaic

text: art

text: also

text: flourished

text: in

text: Rome

text: gradually

text: declining

text: as

text: conditions

text: became

text: more

text: difficult

text: in

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: century

text: mosaics

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: over

text: the

text: triumphal

text: arch

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: nave

text: of

text: the

text: basilica

text: of

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: Maggiore

text: The

text: surviving

text: panels

text: of

text: the

text: nave

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: mosaic

text: cycle

text: in

text: Rome

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: Two

text: other

text: important

text: century

text: mosaics

text: are

text: lost

text: but

text: we

text: know

text: them

text: from

text: century

text: drawings

text: In

text: the

text: apse

text: mosaic

text: of

text: Sant'Agata

text: dei

text: Goti

text: destroyed

text: in

text: Christ

text: was

text: seated

text: on

text: a

text: globe

text: with

text: the

text: twelve

text: Apostles

text: flanking

text: him

text: six

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: At

text: Sant'Andrea

text: in

text: Catabarbara

text: destroyed

text: in

text: Christ

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: flanked

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: by

text: three

text: Apostles

text: Four

text: streams

text: flowed

text: from

text: the

text: little

text: mountain

text: supporting

text: Christ

text: The

text: original

text: century

text: apse

text: mosaic

text: of

text: the

text: Santa

text: Sabina

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: very

text: similar

text: fresco

text: by

text: Taddeo

text: Zuccari

text: in

text: The

text: composition

text: probably

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: Christ

text: flanked

text: by

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: saints

text: seated

text: on

text: a

text: hill

text: while

text: lambs

text: drinking

text: from

text: a

text: stream

text: at

text: its

text: feet

text: All

text: three

text: mosaics

text: had

text: a

text: similar

text: iconography

question: When did conditions become difficult for mosaic art in Rome?

answer: the Early Middle Ages

text: the Early Middle Ages

question: When was the mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti destroyed?

answer: 1589

question: What was similar between the three most important 5th century mosaics?

answer: iconography

text: iconography

question: When was the mosaic at Santa Sabina replaced with a fresco?

answer: 1559

question: Who was the artist that painted the fresco that replaced the mosaic at Santa Sobina?

answer: Taddeo Zuccari

text: Taddeo Zuccari


text: The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup (losing on penalties to Galatasaray), were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles". The feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: owed

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: to

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: Arsène

text: Wenger

text: as

text: manager

text: Wenger

text: brought

text: new

text: tactics

text: a

text: new

text: training

text: regime

text: and

text: several

text: foreign

text: players

text: who

text: complemented

text: the

text: existing

text: English

text: talent

text: Arsenal

text: won

text: a

text: second

text: League

text: and

text: Cup

text: double

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: third

text: in

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: club

text: reached

text: the

text: final

text: of

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: losing

text: on

text: penalties

text: to

text: Galatasaray

text: were

text: victorious

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: FA

text: Cups

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: in

text: without

text: losing

text: a

text: single

text: match

text: an

text: achievement

text: which

text: earned

text: the

text: side

text: the

text: nickname

text: The

text: Invincibles

text: The

text: feat

text: came

text: within

text: a

text: run

text: of

text: league

text: matches

text: unbeaten

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: October

text: a

text: national

text: record

question: What manager in the late 1990s brought success to Arsenal?

answer: Arsène Wenger

text: Arsène Wenger

question: Besides improved tactics and training, what did Wenger add to the Arsenal team?

answer: foreign players

text: foreign players

question: In what season did Arsenal win their second League and Cup double?

answer: 1997–98

question: What caused Arsenal's loss to Galatasarey in the 1999-2000 season?

answer: penalties

text: penalties

question: What trophy did Arsenal win in the 2003-2004 season without losing a match?

answer: Premier League

text: Premier League


text: The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but that was mistakenly rejected as too complex to implement. The first practical implementation of an audio perceptual coder (OCF) in hardware (Krasner's hardware was too cumbersome and slow for practical use), was an implementation of a psychoacoustic transform coder based on Motorola 56000 DSP chips.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: The

text: immediate

text: predecessors

text: of

text: were

text: Optimum

text: Coding

text: in

text: the

text: Frequency

text: Domain

text: OCF

text: and

text: Perceptual

text: Transform

text: Coding

text: PXFM

text: These

text: two

text: codecs

text: along

text: with

text: block

text: switching

text: contributions

text: from

text: Thomson

text: Brandt

text: were

text: merged

text: into

text: a

text: codec

text: called

text: ASPEC

text: which

text: was

text: submitted

text: to

text: MPEG

text: and

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: quality

text: competition

text: but

text: that

text: was

text: mistakenly

text: rejected

text: as

text: too

text: complex

text: to

text: implement

text: The

text: first

text: practical

text: implementation

text: of

text: an

text: audio

text: perceptual

text: coder

text: OCF

text: in

text: hardware

text: Krasner

text: 's

text: hardware

text: was

text: too

text: cumbersome

text: and

text: slow

text: for

text: practical

text: use

text: was

text: an

text: implementation

text: of

text: a

text: psychoacoustic

text: transform

text: coder

text: based

text: on

text: Motorola

text: DSP

text: chips

question: What does OCF stand for?

answer: Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain

text: Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain

question: What does PXFM stand for?

answer: Perceptual Transform Coding

text: Perceptual Transform Coding

question: What was the name of the codec that OCF, PFXM and other contributes merged into?

answer: ASPEC

text: ASPEC

question: Which competition did ASPEC win?

answer: quality

text: quality

question: What was the first practical implementation based on?

answer: Motorola 56000 DSP chips

text: Motorola 56000 DSP chips


text: The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. In the same time frame, much of present eastern Eurasian plate welded itself to Europe along the line of the Ural mountains. There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. Other minor oceans were shrinking and eventually closed the Rheic Ocean (closed by the assembly of South and North America), the small, shallow Ural Ocean (which was closed by the collision of Baltica, and Siberia continents, creating the Ural Mountains) and Proto-Tethys Ocean.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: Carboniferous

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: active

text: mountain

text: building

text: as

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangea

text: came

text: together

text: The

text: southern

text: continents

text: remained

text: tied

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: which

text: collided

text: with

text: North

text: America

text: Europe

text: Laurussia

text: along

text: the

text: present

text: line

text: of

text: eastern

text: North

text: America

text: This

text: continental

text: collision

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: Hercynian

text: orogeny

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Alleghenian

text: orogeny

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: it

text: also

text: extended

text: the

text: newly

text: uplifted

text: Appalachians

text: southwestward

text: as

text: the

text: Ouachita

text: Mountains

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: frame

text: much

text: of

text: present

text: eastern

text: Eurasian

text: plate

text: welded

text: itself

text: to

text: Europe

text: along

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: mountains

text: There

text: were

text: two

text: major

text: oceans

text: in

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: the

text: Panthalassa

text: and

text: Paleo

text: Tethys

text: Other

text: minor

text: oceans

text: were

text: shrinking

text: and

text: eventually

text: closed

text: the

text: Rheic

text: Ocean

text: closed

text: by

text: the

text: assembly

text: of

text: South

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: small

text: shallow

text: Ural

text: Ocean

text: which

text: was

text: closed

text: by

text: the

text: collision

text: of

text: Baltica

text: and

text: Siberia

text: continents

text: creating

text: the

text: Ural

text: Mountains

text: and

text: Proto

text: Tethys

text: Ocean

question: What geologic events took place when Pangea combined during the Carboniferous?

answer: mountain building

text: mountain building

question: What was the continent that came to be North America and Europe called during the Carboniferous?

answer: Laurussia

text: Laurussia

question: What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America?

answer: the Alleghenian orogeny

text: the Alleghenian orogeny

question: The mountains forming to the southwest of the Appalachians in the Carboniferous are known as what?

answer: the Ouachita Mountains

text: the Ouachita Mountains

question: Which two large oceans existed during the Carboniferous period?

answer: the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys

text: the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys


text: In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing arm, CBS Songs, to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman for $125 million making it the foundation of their SBK Entertainment.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: CBS

text: sold

text: its

text: music

text: publishing

text: arm

text: CBS

text: Songs

text: to

text: Stephen

text: Swid

text: Martin

text: Bandier

text: and

text: Charles

text: Koppelman

text: for

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: their

text: SBK

text: Entertainment

question: In what year did CBS sell CBS Songs?

answer: 1986

question: How much was the sale of CBS Songs?

answer: $125 million

text: $125 million

question: Who were the 3 people who bought CBS Songs?

answer: Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman

text: Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman


text: One of the most complex characters found in modern Chinese dictionaries[g] is 齉 (U+9F49) (nàng,  listen (help·info), pictured below, middle image), meaning "snuffle" (that is, a pronunciation marred by a blocked nose), with "just" thirty-six strokes. However, this is not in common use. The most complex character that can be input using the Microsoft New Phonetic IME 2002a for traditional Chinese is 龘 (dá, "the appearance of a dragon flying"). It is composed of the dragon radical represented three times, for a total of 16 × 3 = 48 strokes. Among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries and also in frequent modern use are 籲 (yù, "to implore"), with 32 strokes; 鬱 (yù, "luxuriant, lush; gloomy"), with 29 strokes, as in 憂鬱 (yōuyù, "depressed"); 豔 (yàn, "colorful"), with 28 strokes; and 釁 (xìn, "quarrel"), with 25 strokes, as in 挑釁 (tiǎoxìn, "to pick a fight"). Also in occasional modern use is 鱻 (xiān "fresh"; variant of 鮮 xiān) with 33 strokes.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: complex

text: characters

text: found

text: in

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: dictionaries[g

text: is

text: 齉

text: nàng

text: listen

text: help·info

text: pictured

text: below

text: middle

text: image

text: meaning

text: snuffle

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: pronunciation

text: marred

text: by

text: a

text: blocked

text: nose

text: with

text: just

text: thirty

text: six

text: strokes

text: However

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: The

text: most

text: complex

text: character

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: input

text: using

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: New

text: Phonetic

text: IME

text: for

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: is

text: 龘

text: dá

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: a

text: dragon

text: flying

text: It

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: dragon

text: radical

text: represented

text: three

text: times

text: for

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: strokes

text: Among

text: the

text: most

text: complex

text: characters

text: in

text: modern

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: frequent

text: modern

text: use

text: are

text: 籲

text: yù

text: to

text: implore

text: with

text: strokes

text: 鬱

text: yù

text: luxuriant

text: lush

text: gloomy

text: with

text: strokes

text: as

text: in

text: 憂鬱

text: yōuyù

text: depressed

text: 豔

text: yàn

text: colorful

text: with

text: strokes

text: and

text: 釁

text: xìn

text: quarrel

text: with

text: strokes

text: as

text: in

text: 挑釁

text: tiǎoxìn

text: to

text: pick

text: a

text: fight

text: Also

text: in

text: occasional

text: modern

text: use

text: is

text: 鱻

text: xiān

text: fresh

text: variant

text: of

text: 鮮

text: xiān

text: with

text: strokes

question: What is one of the most complex characters in modern Chinese dictionaries?

answer: U+9F49

question: What features 33 strokes?

answer: xiān

text: xiān

question: What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries?

answer: yù

text: yù


text: England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D. In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained. In 2010, England suffered its most resounding World Cup defeat (4–1 to Germany) in the Round of 16, after drawing with the United States and Algeria and defeating Slovenia 1–0 in the group stage.

title: England_national_football_team

title: England_national_football_team

text: England

text: failed

text: to

text: qualify

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: team

text: 's

text: earliest

text: exit

text: in

text: the

text: competition

text: itself

text: was

text: its

text: elimination

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: in

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: after

text: being

text: defeated

text: in

text: both

text: their

text: opening

text: two

text: matches

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: versus

text: Italy

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: in

text: Group

text: D.

text: In

text: four

text: teams

text: remained

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: in

text: eight

text: teams

text: remained

text: and

text: in

text: sixteen

text: teams

text: remained

text: In

text: England

text: suffered

text: its

text: most

text: resounding

text: World

text: Cup

text: defeat

text: to

text: Germany

text: in

text: the

text: Round

text: of

text: after

text: drawing

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Algeria

text: and

text: defeating

text: Slovenia

text: in

text: the

text: group

text: stage

question: In what year was England most recently eliminated from FIFA World Cup contention?

answer: 2014

question: In 2014, England was eliminated from the World Cup after being defeated by Italy and which other team?

answer: Uruguay

text: Uruguay

question: In which three years did England fail to qualify for the World Cup?

answer: 1974, 1978 and 1994

text: 1974, 1978 and 1994

question: After the first round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, how many teams remained in contention?

answer: sixteen

text: sixteen

question: What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup?

answer: 4–1