text: In Ruthenia the nobility gradually gravitated its loyalty towards the multicultural and multilingual Grand Duchy of Lithuania after the principalities of Halych and Volhynia became a part of it. Many noble Ruthenian families intermarried with Lithuanian ones.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: Ruthenia

text: the

text: nobility

text: gradually

text: gravitated

text: its

text: loyalty

text: towards

text: the

text: multicultural

text: and

text: multilingual

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: after

text: the

text: principalities

text: of

text: Halych

text: and

text: Volhynia

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: Many

text: noble

text: Ruthenian

text: families

text: intermarried

text: with

text: Lithuanian

text: ones

question: What group did the Nobility of Ruthenia gravitate its loyalty towards?

answer: Grand Duchy of Lithuania

text: Grand Duchy of Lithuania

question: What type of people were the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?

answer: multicultural and multilingual

text: multicultural and multilingual

question: What eventually became a part of the grand duchy of lithuania?

answer: principalities of Halych and Volhynia

text: principalities of Halych and Volhynia

question: What was common for families of ruthenian and lithuanian?

answer: intermarried

text: intermarried


text: The term "Gothic architecture" originated as a pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to "the Goths" whom he holds responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style. At the time in which Vasari was writing, Italy had experienced a century of building in the Classical architectural vocabulary revived in the Renaissance and seen as evidence of a new Golden Age of learning and refinement.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: term

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: originated

text: as

text: a

text: pejorative

text: description

text: Giorgio

text: Vasari

text: used

text: the

text: term

text: barbarous

text: German

text: style

text: in

text: his

text: Lives

text: of

text: the

text: Artists

text: to

text: describe

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: considered

text: the

text: Gothic

text: style

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: introduction

text: to

text: the

text: Lives

text: he

text: attributes

text: various

text: architectural

text: features

text: to

text: the

text: Goths

text: whom

text: he

text: holds

text: responsible

text: for

text: destroying

text: the

text: ancient

text: buildings

text: after

text: they

text: conquered

text: Rome

text: and

text: erecting

text: new

text: ones

text: in

text: this

text: style

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: in

text: which

text: Vasari

text: was

text: writing

text: Italy

text: had

text: experienced

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: Classical

text: architectural

text: vocabulary

text: revived

text: in

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: seen

text: as

text: evidence

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: learning

text: and

text: refinement

question: What type of description did the term "Gothic architecture" originate as?

answer: a pejorative description

text: a pejorative description

question: Who used the term "barbarous German style" to portray what is known today as the Gothic style?

answer: Giorgio Vasari

text: Giorgio Vasari

question: Who does Vasari believe destroyed ancient buildings after they conquered Rome?

answer: "the Goths"

text: "the Goths"

question: How long had Italy undergone building in a Classical architecture style at the time of Vasari?

answer: a century

text: a century

question: In what period was the Classical architecture vocabulary revived?

answer: the Renaissance

text: the Renaissance


text: Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Local

text: train

text: services

text: operate

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: are

text: operated

text: by

text: South

text: West

text: Trains

text: with

text: stations

text: at

text: Swaythling

text: St

text: Denys

text: Millbrook

text: Redbridge

text: Bitterne

text: Sholing

text: and

text: Woolston

text: Plans

text: were

text: announced

text: by

text: Hampshire

text: County

text: Council

text: in

text: July

text: for

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: tram

text: train

text: running

text: from

text: Hythe

text: on

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: a

text: freight

text: only

text: line

text: to

text: Fawley

text: via

text: Totton

text: to

text: Southampton

text: Central

text: Station

text: and

text: on

text: to

text: Fareham

text: via

text: St.

text: Denys

text: and

text: Swanwick

text: The

text: proposal

text: follows

text: a

text: failed

text: plan

text: to

text: bring

text: light

text: rail

text: to

text: the

text: Portsmouth

text: and

text: Gosport

text: areas

text: in

question: In addition to the southern and eastern sections of Southampton, what other section has local train service?

answer: central

text: central

question: What company operates Southampton's local train service?

answer: South West Trains

text: South West Trains

question: What organization announced plans for rail expansion in Southampton in July of 2009?

answer: Hampshire County Council

text: Hampshire County Council

question: In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail?

answer: 2005

question: What's the current destination of the freight-only line the Hampshire County Council wants to use to expand passenger service?

answer: Fawley

text: Fawley


text: Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners are the most common example of machine vision, and many low cost products use red LEDs instead of lasers. Optical computer mice are an example of LEDs in machine vision, as it is used to provide an even light source on the surface for the miniature camera within the mouse. LEDs constitute a nearly ideal light source for machine vision systems for several reasons:

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Machine

text: vision

text: systems

text: often

text: require

text: bright

text: and

text: homogeneous

text: illumination

text: so

text: features

text: of

text: interest

text: are

text: easier

text: to

text: process

text: LEDs

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: remain

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: major

text: uses

text: until

text: the

text: price

text: drops

text: low

text: enough

text: to

text: make

text: signaling

text: and

text: illumination

text: uses

text: more

text: widespread

text: Barcode

text: scanners

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: example

text: of

text: machine

text: vision

text: and

text: many

text: low

text: cost

text: products

text: use

text: red

text: LEDs

text: instead

text: of

text: lasers

text: Optical

text: computer

text: mice

text: are

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: LEDs

text: in

text: machine

text: vision

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: even

text: light

text: source

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: for

text: the

text: miniature

text: camera

text: within

text: the

text: mouse

text: LEDs

text: constitute

text: a

text: nearly

text: ideal

text: light

text: source

text: for

text: machine

text: vision

text: systems

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

question: LEDs are often used for what type of systems?

answer: Machine vision

text: Machine vision

question: Why are LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?

answer: so features of interest are easier to process

text: so features of interest are easier to process

question: What can help make LEDs more widely used?

answer: price drops

text: price drops

question: What is the most common example of a machine vision system?

answer: Barcode scanners

text: Barcode scanners

question: Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems found?

answer: Optical computer mice

text: Optical computer mice


text: Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: Investment

text: in

text: the

text: telecom

text: industry

text: is

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: clearest

text: signs

text: that

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: economy

text: has

text: continued

text: to

text: develop

text: The

text: sector

text: provides

text: key

text: communication

text: services

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: facilitates

text: job

text: creation

text: and

text: income

text: generation

question: Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?

answer: telecom industry

text: telecom industry

question: What sector provides key communication services?

answer: telecom

text: telecom


text: Thermal conductivity gauges rely on the fact that the ability of a gas to conduct heat decreases with pressure. In this type of gauge, a wire filament is heated by running current through it. A thermocouple or Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) can then be used to measure the temperature of the filament. This temperature is dependent on the rate at which the filament loses heat to the surrounding gas, and therefore on the thermal conductivity. A common variant is the Pirani gauge which uses a single platinum filament as both the heated element and RTD. These gauges are accurate from 10 torr to 10−3 torr, but they are sensitive to the chemical composition of the gases being measured.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Thermal

text: conductivity

text: gauges

text: rely

text: on

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: a

text: gas

text: to

text: conduct

text: heat

text: decreases

text: with

text: pressure

text: In

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: gauge

text: a

text: wire

text: filament

text: is

text: heated

text: by

text: running

text: current

text: through

text: it

text: A

text: thermocouple

text: or

text: Resistance

text: Temperature

text: Detector

text: RTD

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: temperature

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: This

text: temperature

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: rate

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: filament

text: loses

text: heat

text: to

text: the

text: surrounding

text: gas

text: and

text: therefore

text: on

text: the

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: A

text: common

text: variant

text: is

text: the

text: Pirani

text: gauge

text: which

text: uses

text: a

text: single

text: platinum

text: filament

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: heated

text: element

text: and

text: RTD

text: These

text: gauges

text: are

text: accurate

text: from

text: torr

text: to

text: torr

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: sensitive

text: to

text: the

text: chemical

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: gases

text: being

text: measured

question: The fact that gases ability to conduct heat decreases with pressure is used by what form of measurement?

answer: Thermal conductivity gauges

text: Thermal conductivity gauges

question: How is the wire filament in a Thermal conductivity gauge heated?

answer: by running current through it

text: by running current through it

question: What is a Pirani gauge sensitive to?

answer: chemical composition of the gases being measured

text: chemical composition of the gases being measured

question: What is a RTD used for on a Thermal Conductivity gauge?

answer: to measure the temperature of the filament

text: to measure the temperature of the filament

question: A Pirani gauge is accurate within what ranges?

answer: 10 torr to 10−3 torr

text: 10 torr to 10−3 torr


text: Nearly all the gasoline sold in the United States today is mixed with 10 percent ethanol, a mix known as E10, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and GM are among the automobile companies that sell flexible-fuel cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). The challenge is to expand the market for biofuels beyond the farm states where they have been most popular to date. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which calls for 7.5 billion US gallons (28,000,000 m3) of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, will also help to expand the market.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Nearly

text: all

text: the

text: gasoline

text: sold

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: today

text: is

text: mixed

text: with

text: percent

text: ethanol

text: a

text: mix

text: known

text: as

text: and

text: motor

text: vehicle

text: manufacturers

text: already

text: produce

text: vehicles

text: designed

text: to

text: run

text: on

text: much

text: higher

text: ethanol

text: blends

text: Ford

text: DaimlerChrysler

text: and

text: GM

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: automobile

text: companies

text: that

text: sell

text: flexible

text: fuel

text: cars

text: trucks

text: and

text: minivans

text: that

text: can

text: use

text: gasoline

text: and

text: ethanol

text: blends

text: ranging

text: from

text: pure

text: gasoline

text: up

text: to

text: ethanol

text: The

text: challenge

text: is

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: market

text: for

text: biofuels

text: beyond

text: the

text: farm

text: states

text: where

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: most

text: popular

text: to

text: date

text: The

text: Energy

text: Policy

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: calls

text: for

text: billion

text: US

text: gallons

text: of

text: biofuels

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: annually

text: by

text: will

text: also

text: help

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: market

question: Nearly all gasoline sold in the U.S. is mixed with what percentage of ethanol?

answer: 10 percent

text: 10 percent

question: What act calls for 7.5 billion US gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012?

answer: The Energy Policy Act of 2005

text: The Energy Policy Act of 2005

question: Name one company that sells flexible-fuel cars?

answer: GM

text: GM


text: With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: seasons

text: one

text: and

text: two

text: the

text: contestants

text: in

text: the

text: semifinals

text: onwards

text: perform

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: a

text: studio

text: audience

text: They

text: perform

text: with

text: a

text: full

text: band

text: in

text: the

text: finals

text: From

text: season

text: four

text: to

text: season

text: nine

text: the

text: American

text: Idol

text: band

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: Rickey

text: Minor

text: from

text: season

text: ten

text: onwards

text: Ray

text: Chew

text: Assistance

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: given

text: by

text: vocal

text: coaches

text: and

text: song

text: arrangers

text: such

text: as

text: Michael

text: Orland

text: and

text: Debra

text: Byrd

text: to

text: contestants

text: behind

text: the

text: scene

text: Starting

text: with

text: season

text: seven

text: contestants

text: may

text: perform

text: with

text: a

text: musical

text: instrument

text: from

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: rounds

text: onwards

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: nine

text: seasons

text: performances

text: were

text: usually

text: aired

text: live

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: nights

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: results

text: shows

text: on

text: Wednesdays

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: but

text: moved

text: to

text: Wednesdays

text: and

text: Thursdays

text: in

text: season

text: ten

question: In which season were contestants first allowed to use musical instruments?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Who was in charge of the American Idol band in season eleven?

answer: Ray Chew

text: Ray Chew

question: In what season did American Idol start airing on Thursday nights?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?

answer: Rickey Minor

text: Rickey Minor

question: Who led the American Idol band between seasons four and nine?

answer: Rickey Minor

text: Rickey Minor

question: Who led the American Idol band after Rickey Minor's departure?

answer: Ray Chew

text: Ray Chew

question: What season were contestants allowed use a musical instrument when they sing?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: High hopes for the AFL waned when interim commissioner Ed Policy announced his resignation, citing the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league. Two weeks later, the Los Angeles Avengers announced that they were formally folding the franchise. One month later, the league missed the deadline to formally ratify the new collective bargaining agreement and announced that it was eliminating health insurance for the players. Progress on the return stalled, and no announcements were made regarding the future of the league.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: High

text: hopes

text: for

text: the

text: AFL

text: waned

text: when

text: interim

text: commissioner

text: Ed

text: Policy

text: announced

text: his

text: resignation

text: citing

text: the

text: obsolescence

text: of

text: his

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: reformatted

text: league

text: Two

text: weeks

text: later

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Avengers

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: formally

text: folding

text: the

text: franchise

text: One

text: month

text: later

text: the

text: league

text: missed

text: the

text: deadline

text: to

text: formally

text: ratify

text: the

text: new

text: collective

text: bargaining

text: agreement

text: and

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: eliminating

text: health

text: insurance

text: for

text: the

text: players

text: Progress

text: on

text: the

text: return

text: stalled

text: and

text: no

text: announcements

text: were

text: made

text: regarding

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: the

text: league

question: What was the job title of Ed Policy?

answer: interim commissioner

text: interim commissioner

question: After Ed Policy resigned, what franchise closed?

answer: Los Angeles Avengers

text: Los Angeles Avengers

question: How many weeks after Policy's resignation did the Avengers fold?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: How long after the shuttering of the Avengers did the league fail to ratify the new collective bargaining agreement?

answer: One month

text: One month

question: What reason did Policy give for his resignation?

answer: the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league

text: the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league


text: In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Matos and Blaze had slickly produced disco house tracks. In Detroit a proto-techno music sound began to emerge with the recordings of Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: music

text: was

text: being

text: developed

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: sound,[citation

text: needed

text: moving

text: beyond

text: just

text: drum

text: loops

text: and

text: short

text: samples

text: In

text: Chicago

text: Marshall

text: Jefferson

text: had

text: formed

text: the

text: house

text: group

text: Ten

text: City

text: Byron

text: Burke

text: Byron

text: Stingily

text: Herb

text: Lawson(from

text: intensity

text: New

text: York

text: based

text: performers

text: such

text: as

text: Mateo

text: Matos

text: and

text: Blaze

text: had

text: slickly

text: produced

text: disco

text: house

text: tracks

text: In

text: Detroit

text: a

text: proto

text: techno

text: music

text: sound

text: began

text: to

text: emerge

text: with

text: the

text: recordings

text: of

text: Juan

text: Atkins

text: Derrick

text: May

text: and

text: Kevin

text: Saunderson

question: what group did Marshall Jefferson form?

answer: Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity")

text: Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity")

question: what sound emerged in Detroit with the recordings of juan atkins and derrick may?

answer: proto-techno music sound

text: proto-techno music sound

question: where were mateo & matos based?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: where was marshall jefferson based?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago

question: what sound did US house music move beyond in the late 80s?

answer: drum loops and short samples

text: drum loops and short samples


text: On 11 October 1962, the first session of the Second Vatican Council was held in the Vatican. He gave the Gaudet Mater Ecclesia speech, which served as the opening address for the council. The day was basically electing members for several council commissions that would work on the issues presented in the council. On that same night following the conclusion of the first session, the people in Saint Peter's Square chanted and yelled with the sole objective of getting John XXIII to appear at the window to address them.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: first

text: session

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: Vatican

text: He

text: gave

text: the

text: Gaudet

text: Mater

text: Ecclesia

text: speech

text: which

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: opening

text: address

text: for

text: the

text: council

text: The

text: day

text: was

text: basically

text: electing

text: members

text: for

text: several

text: council

text: commissions

text: that

text: would

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: issues

text: presented

text: in

text: the

text: council

text: On

text: that

text: same

text: night

text: following

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: session

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Square

text: chanted

text: and

text: yelled

text: with

text: the

text: sole

text: objective

text: of

text: getting

text: John

text: XXIII

text: to

text: appear

text: at

text: the

text: window

text: to

text: address

text: them

question: Where was the first session of the Second Vatican Council held?

answer: in the Vatican

text: in the Vatican

question: When was the first session of the Second Vatican Council held?

answer: 11 October 1962

text: 11 October 1962

question: What speech did he give?

answer: Gaudet Mater Ecclesia speech

text: Gaudet Mater Ecclesia speech

question: Why were the people in Saint Peter's Square chanting and yelling?

answer: the sole objective of getting John XXIII to appear at the window to address them

text: the sole objective of getting John XXIII to appear at the window to address them


text: In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense perimeter, and as a potential consequence of not adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty, the Charlottetown Accord in 1992 and the Clarity Act in 1999.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: a

text: phrase

text: generally

text: used

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: way

text: as

text: to

text: imply

text: that

text: if

text: a

text: certain

text: political

text: course

text: is

text: taken

text: Canada

text: 's

text: destiny

text: will

text: be

text: as

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Examples

text: include

text: the

text: Canada

text: United

text: States

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Agreement

text: in

text: the

text: debate

text: over

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: defense

text: perimeter

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: potential

text: consequence

text: of

text: not

text: adopting

text: proposals

text: intended

text: to

text: resolve

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: Quebec

text: sovereignty

text: the

text: Charlottetown

text: Accord

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Clarity

text: Act

text: in

question: What is another connotation for the 51st state label?

answer: if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States

text: if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States

question: When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted?

answer: 1988

question: When was the Charlottetown Accord signed?

answer: 1992

question: When did the Clarity Act go into effect?

answer: 1999


text: Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC. The city is situated on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 hectares; this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations. Major monuments include Valencia Cathedral, the Torres de Serrans, the Torres de Quart, the Llotja de la Seda (declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996), and the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences), an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela. The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi. The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (Valencian Institute of Modern Art) houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Valencia

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: Roman

text: colony

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Turia

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: fronting

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Valencia

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Its

text: historic

text: centre

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Spain

text: with

text: approximately

text: hectares

text: this

text: heritage

text: of

text: ancient

text: monuments

text: views

text: and

text: cultural

text: attractions

text: makes

text: Valencia

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: most

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: Major

text: monuments

text: include

text: Valencia

text: Cathedral

text: the

text: Torres

text: de

text: Serrans

text: the

text: Torres

text: de

text: Quart

text: the

text: Llotja

text: de

text: la

text: Seda

text: declared

text: a

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: by

text: UNESCO

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Ciutat

text: de

text: les

text: Arts

text: i

text: les

text: Ciències

text: City

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: an

text: entertainment

text: based

text: cultural

text: and

text: architectural

text: complex

text: designed

text: by

text: Santiago

text: Calatrava

text: and

text: Félix

text: Candela

text: The

text: Museu

text: de

text: Belles

text: Arts

text: de

text: València

text: houses

text: a

text: large

text: collection

text: of

text: paintings

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: centuries

text: including

text: works

text: by

text: Velázquez

text: El

text: Greco

text: and

text: Goya

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: series

text: of

text: engravings

text: by

text: Piranesi

text: The

text: Institut

text: Valencià

text: d'Art

text: Modern

text: Valencian

text: Institute

text: of

text: Modern

text: Art

text: houses

text: both

text: permanent

text: collections

text: and

text: temporary

text: exhibitions

text: of

text: contemporary

text: art

text: and

text: photography

question: When was Valencia's founding?

answer: 138 BC

text: 138 BC

question: On what river is Valencia located?

answer: Turia

text: Turia

question: How big is Valencia's historic centre?

answer: 169 hectares

text: 169 hectares

question: What Valencian museum has a photography collection?

answer: Institut Valencià d'Art Modern

text: Institut Valencià d'Art Modern

question: What Valencian museum contains pieces by Velazquez and other famous artists?

answer: Museu de Belles Arts de València

text: Museu de Belles Arts de València


text: After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which was ended by the Treaty of Belgrade in 1739, resulted in the recovery of Serbia and Oltenia, but the Empire lost the port of Azov, north of the Crimean Peninsula, to the Russians. After this treaty the Ottoman Empire was able to enjoy a generation of peace, as Austria and Russia were forced to deal with the rise of Prussia.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: After

text: the

text: Austro

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Passarowitz

text: confirmed

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: Banat

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Little

text: Walachia

text: Oltenia

text: to

text: Austria

text: The

text: Treaty

text: also

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: defensive

text: and

text: unlikely

text: to

text: present

text: any

text: further

text: aggression

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Austro

text: Russian

text: Turkish

text: War

text: which

text: was

text: ended

text: by

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Belgrade

text: in

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: recovery

text: of

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Oltenia

text: but

text: the

text: Empire

text: lost

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Azov

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: Russians

text: After

text: this

text: treaty

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: enjoy

text: a

text: generation

text: of

text: peace

text: as

text: Austria

text: and

text: Russia

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Prussia

question: Oltenia is also known as what?

answer: Little Walachia

text: Little Walachia

question: The Austro-Turkish war took place over what years?

answer: 1716–1718

question: The Austro Turkish War culminated in the signing of what treaty?

answer: Treaty of Passarowitz

text: Treaty of Passarowitz

question: The Treaty of Belgrade was the result of a war known as what?

answer: Austro-Russian–Turkish War

text: Austro-Russian–Turkish War

question: What port was lost by the Ottoman empire as a result of the Treaty of Belgrade?

answer: port of Azov

text: port of Azov


text: The more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood glucocorticoid levels that have increased drastically when measured after the exposure is completed. When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties. Prenatal stress also hinders the ability to learn and memorize by disrupting the development of the hippocampus and can lead to unestablished long term potentiation in the offspring of severely stressed parents. Although the stress is applied prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: The

text: more

text: long

text: term

text: the

text: exposure

text: to

text: stress

text: is

text: the

text: more

text: impact

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: However

text: short

text: term

text: exposure

text: to

text: stress

text: also

text: causes

text: impairment

text: in

text: memory

text: by

text: interfering

text: with

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: Research

text: shows

text: that

text: subjects

text: placed

text: in

text: a

text: stressful

text: situation

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: still

text: have

text: blood

text: glucocorticoid

text: levels

text: that

text: have

text: increased

text: drastically

text: when

text: measured

text: after

text: the

text: exposure

text: is

text: completed

text: When

text: subjects

text: are

text: asked

text: to

text: complete

text: a

text: learning

text: task

text: after

text: short

text: term

text: exposure

text: they

text: have

text: often

text: difficulties

text: Prenatal

text: stress

text: also

text: hinders

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: learn

text: and

text: memorize

text: by

text: disrupting

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: and

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: unestablished

text: long

text: term

text: potentiation

text: in

text: the

text: offspring

text: of

text: severely

text: stressed

text: parents

text: Although

text: the

text: stress

text: is

text: applied

text: prenatally

text: the

text: offspring

text: show

text: increased

text: levels

text: of

text: glucocorticoids

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: subjected

text: to

text: stress

text: later

text: on

text: in

text: life

question: Does it matter how long someone is exposed to stress to have an impact on their memory?

answer: the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus

text: the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus

question: Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events?

answer: levels that have increased drastically

text: levels that have increased drastically

question: Can a unborn child face issues with stress than can affect their future abilities?

answer: prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.

text: prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.

question: Do the people studied in different research perform as well after stress as they did before becoming in contact with stressful situations?

answer: When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties

text: When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties


text: Tito became increasingly ill over the course of 1979. During this time Vila Srna was built for his use near Morović in the event of his recovery. On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the Medical Centre in Ljubljana, the capital city of the SR Slovenia, with circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was amputated soon afterward due to arterial blockages and he died of gangrene at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 15:05, three days short of his 88th birthday. His funeral drew many world statesmen. Based on the number of attending politicians and state delegations, at the time it was the largest state funeral in history; this concentration of dignitaries would be unmatched until the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005 and the memorial service of Nelson Mandela in 2013. Those who attended included four kings, 31 presidents, six princes, 22 prime ministers and 47 ministers of foreign affairs. They came from both sides of the Cold War, from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Tito

text: became

text: increasingly

text: ill

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: Vila

text: Srna

text: was

text: built

text: for

text: his

text: use

text: near

text: Morović

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: his

text: recovery

text: On

text: January

text: and

text: again

text: on

text: January

text: Tito

text: was

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: Medical

text: Centre

text: in

text: Ljubljana

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: SR

text: Slovenia

text: with

text: circulation

text: problems

text: in

text: his

text: legs

text: His

text: left

text: leg

text: was

text: amputated

text: soon

text: afterward

text: due

text: to

text: arterial

text: blockages

text: and

text: he

text: died

text: of

text: gangrene

text: at

text: the

text: Medical

text: Centre

text: Ljubljana

text: on

text: May

text: at

text: three

text: days

text: short

text: of

text: his

text: birthday

text: His

text: funeral

text: drew

text: many

text: world

text: statesmen

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: attending

text: politicians

text: and

text: state

text: delegations

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: funeral

text: in

text: history

text: this

text: concentration

text: of

text: dignitaries

text: would

text: be

text: unmatched

text: until

text: the

text: funeral

text: of

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: memorial

text: service

text: of

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: in

text: Those

text: who

text: attended

text: included

text: four

text: kings

text: presidents

text: six

text: princes

text: prime

text: ministers

text: and

text: ministers

text: of

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: They

text: came

text: from

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: from

text: different

text: countries

text: out

text: of

text: UN

text: members

text: at

text: the

text: time

question: During what year did Tito become increasingly ill?

answer: 1979

question: What was built near Morovic for Tito to use in the event of his recovery?

answer: Vila Srna

text: Vila Srna

question: Where was Tito admitted on 7 January and again on 11 January 1980 with circulatory problems?

answer: the Medical Centre in Ljubljana

text: the Medical Centre in Ljubljana

question: When did Tito die?

answer: 4 May 1980

text: 4 May 1980

question: Tito's cause of death was what?

answer: gangrene

text: gangrene


text: As of 2011, there have been six series — Digimon Adventure, the follow-up sequel Digimon Adventure 02, Digimon Tamers, Digimon Frontier, Digimon Data Squad and Digimon Fusion. The first two series take place in the same fictional universe, but the third, fourth, fifth and sixth each occupy their own unique world. Each series is commonly based on the original storyline but things are added to make them unique. However, in Tamers, the Adventure universe is referred to as a commercial enterprise — a trading card game in Japan, plus a show-within-a-show in the English dub. It also features an appearance by a character from the Adventure universe. In addition, each series has spawned assorted feature films. Digimon still shows popularity, as new card series, video games, and movies are still being produced and released: new card series include Eternal Courage, Hybrid Warriors, Generations, and Operation X; the video game, Digimon Rumble Arena 2; and the previously unreleased movies Revenge of Diaboromon, Runaway Locomon, Battle of Adventurers, and Island of Lost Digimon. In Japan, Digital Monster X-Evolution, the eighth TV movie, was released on January 3, 2005, and on December 23, 2005 at Jump Festa 2006, the fifth series, Digimon Savers was announced for Japan to begin airing after a three-year hiatus of the show. A sixth television series, Digimon Xros Wars, began airing in 2010, and was followed by a second season, which started on October 2, 2011 as a direct sequel to Digimon Xros Wars.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: six

text: series

text: Digimon

text: Adventure

text: the

text: follow

text: up

text: sequel

text: Digimon

text: Adventure

text: Digimon

text: Tamers

text: Digimon

text: Frontier

text: Digimon

text: Data

text: Squad

text: and

text: Digimon

text: Fusion

text: The

text: first

text: two

text: series

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: fictional

text: universe

text: but

text: the

text: third

text: fourth

text: fifth

text: and

text: sixth

text: each

text: occupy

text: their

text: own

text: unique

text: world

text: Each

text: series

text: is

text: commonly

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: original

text: storyline

text: but

text: things

text: are

text: added

text: to

text: make

text: them

text: unique

text: However

text: in

text: Tamers

text: the

text: Adventure

text: universe

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: commercial

text: enterprise

text: a

text: trading

text: card

text: game

text: in

text: Japan

text: plus

text: a

text: show

text: within

text: a

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: dub

text: It

text: also

text: features

text: an

text: appearance

text: by

text: a

text: character

text: from

text: the

text: Adventure

text: universe

text: In

text: addition

text: each

text: series

text: has

text: spawned

text: assorted

text: feature

text: films

text: Digimon

text: still

text: shows

text: popularity

text: as

text: new

text: card

text: series

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: movies

text: are

text: still

text: being

text: produced

text: and

text: released

text: new

text: card

text: series

text: include

text: Eternal

text: Courage

text: Hybrid

text: Warriors

text: Generations

text: and

text: Operation

text: X

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: Digimon

text: Rumble

text: Arena

text: and

text: the

text: previously

text: unreleased

text: movies

text: Revenge

text: of

text: Diaboromon

text: Runaway

text: Locomon

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adventurers

text: and

text: Island

text: of

text: Lost

text: Digimon

text: In

text: Japan

text: Digital

text: Monster

text: X

text: Evolution

text: the

text: eighth

text: TV

text: movie

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: on

text: December

text: at

text: Jump

text: Festa

text: the

text: fifth

text: series

text: Digimon

text: Savers

text: was

text: announced

text: for

text: Japan

text: to

text: begin

text: airing

text: after

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: hiatus

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: A

text: sixth

text: television

text: series

text: Digimon

text: Xros

text: Wars

text: began

text: airing

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: second

text: season

text: which

text: started

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: sequel

text: to

text: Digimon

text: Xros

text: Wars

question: How many series have aired since 2011?

answer: six series

text: six series

question: What is the name of the second Digimon series?

answer: Digimon Adventure 02

text: Digimon Adventure 02

question: When was the movie Digital Monster X-Evolution released?

answer: January 3, 2005

text: January 3, 2005

question: When did Digimon Xros Wars begin airing?

answer: 2010


text: With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London ceased to be a capital and the walled city of Londinium was effectively abandoned, although Roman civilisation continued in the St Martin-in-the-Fields area until around 450. From around 500, an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic developed in the same area, slightly to the west of the old Roman city. By about 680, it had revived sufficiently to become a major port, although there is little evidence of large-scale production of goods. From the 820s the town declined because of repeated Viking invasions. There are three recorded Viking assaults on London; two of which were successful in 851 and 886 AD, although they were defeated during the attack of 994 AD.

title: London

title: London

text: With

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: Roman

text: rule

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: London

text: ceased

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: walled

text: city

text: of

text: Londinium

text: was

text: effectively

text: abandoned

text: although

text: Roman

text: civilisation

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: St

text: Martin

text: in

text: the

text: Fields

text: area

text: until

text: around

text: From

text: around

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: settlement

text: known

text: as

text: Lundenwic

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: area

text: slightly

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Roman

text: city

text: By

text: about

text: it

text: had

text: revived

text: sufficiently

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: major

text: port

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: production

text: of

text: goods

text: From

text: the

text: the

text: town

text: declined

text: because

text: of

text: repeated

text: Viking

text: invasions

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: recorded

text: Viking

text: assaults

text: on

text: London

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: successful

text: in

text: and

text: AD

text: although

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: during

text: the

text: attack

text: of

text: AD

question: What area continued to exist after Londinium was abandoned following the end of Roman rule?

answer: St Martin-in-the-Fields

text: St Martin-in-the-Fields

question: What was responsible for the decline of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Lundenwic?

answer: repeated Viking invasions

text: repeated Viking invasions

question: How many known attacks on London did the Vikings commit?

answer: three

text: three

question: By the late 7th century, what was a main function of Lundenwic?

answer: a major port

text: a major port

question: Of the three recorded Viking assaults on London, how many were successful?

answer: two

text: two


text: After 12 years as commissioner of the AFL, David Baker retired unexpectedly on July 25, 2008, just two days before ArenaBowl XXII; deputy commissioner Ed Policy was named interim commissioner until Baker's replacement was found. Baker explained, "When I took over as commissioner, I thought it would be for one year. It turned into 12. But now it's time."

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: After

text: years

text: as

text: commissioner

text: of

text: the

text: AFL

text: David

text: Baker

text: retired

text: unexpectedly

text: on

text: July

text: just

text: two

text: days

text: before

text: ArenaBowl

text: XXII

text: deputy

text: commissioner

text: Ed

text: Policy

text: was

text: named

text: interim

text: commissioner

text: until

text: Baker

text: 's

text: replacement

text: was

text: found

text: Baker

text: explained

text: When

text: I

text: took

text: over

text: as

text: commissioner

text: I

text: thought

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: for

text: one

text: year

text: It

text: turned

text: into

text: But

text: now

text: it

text: 's

text: time

question: Who was the commissioner of the Arena Football League for the first half of 2008?

answer: David Baker

text: David Baker

question: For how many years did David Baker serve as commissioner of the AFL?

answer: 12

question: On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?

answer: July 25, 2008

text: July 25, 2008

question: What Arena Football League event occurred two days after Baker's resignation?

answer: ArenaBowl XXII

text: ArenaBowl XXII

question: Who temporarily served in the commissioner's post after Baker's departure?

answer: Ed Policy

text: Ed Policy


text: Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg while those historically most strongly opposed have been the United Kingdom, Denmark and France (with conservative presidents and governments). Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995), the French authorities have adopted a much more pro-European Unification position, as they consider that a strong EU is presenting the best "insurance" against a unified Germany which might become too strong and thus a threat for its neighbours.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Although

text: the

text: drafts

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Maastricht

text: treaty

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: establishing

text: a

text: Constitution

text: for

text: Europe

text: mentioned

text: federalism

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: countries

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: would

text: have

text: had

text: to

text: agree

text: to

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: never

text: formally

text: adopted

text: it

text: The

text: strongest

text: advocates

text: of

text: European

text: federalism

text: have

text: been

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Luxembourg

text: while

text: those

text: historically

text: most

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Denmark

text: and

text: France

text: with

text: conservative

text: presidents

text: and

text: governments

text: Since

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: François

text: Mitterrand

text: the

text: French

text: authorities

text: have

text: adopted

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: pro

text: European

text: Unification

text: position

text: as

text: they

text: consider

text: that

text: a

text: strong

text: EU

text: is

text: presenting

text: the

text: best

text: insurance

text: against

text: a

text: unified

text: Germany

text: which

text: might

text: become

text: too

text: strong

text: and

text: thus

text: a

text: threat

text: for

text: its

text: neighbours

question: Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?

answer: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg

text: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg

question: Who opposed the European Federalism?

answer: United Kingdom, Denmark and France

text: United Kingdom, Denmark and France

question: When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position?

answer: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995

text: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995


text: Shortly after he learned of the failure of Menshikov's diplomacy toward the end of June 1853, the Tsar sent armies under the commands of Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov across the Pruth River into the Ottoman-controlled Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Fewer than half of the 80,000 Russian soldiers who crossed the Pruth in 1853 survived. By far, most of the deaths would result from sickness rather than combat,:118–119 for the Russian army still suffered from medical services that ranged from bad to none.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Shortly

text: after

text: he

text: learned

text: of

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: Menshikov

text: 's

text: diplomacy

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: June

text: the

text: Tsar

text: sent

text: armies

text: under

text: the

text: commands

text: of

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Ivan

text: Paskevich

text: and

text: General

text: Mikhail

text: Gorchakov

text: across

text: the

text: Pruth

text: River

text: into

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: controlled

text: Danubian

text: Principalities

text: of

text: Moldavia

text: and

text: Wallachia

text: Fewer

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: soldiers

text: who

text: crossed

text: the

text: Pruth

text: in

text: survived

text: By

text: far

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: deaths

text: would

text: result

text: from

text: sickness

text: rather

text: than

text: for

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: still

text: suffered

text: from

text: medical

text: services

text: that

text: ranged

text: from

text: bad

text: to

question: Who sent armies across the Pruth River?

answer: the Tsar

text: the Tsar

question: Who commanded the armies across the Pruth River?

answer: Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov

text: Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov

question: Who was in control of the Danubian Principalities?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman

question: In what year did Russian soldiers cross the Pruth River?

answer: 1853

question: How did most Russians die when crossing the Pruth River?

answer: sickness

text: sickness


text: In function and effectiveness, the UN has been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government by some[citation needed], giving a comparison between modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: In

text: function

text: and

text: effectiveness

text: the

text: UN

text: has

text: been

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: pre

text: Constitutional

text: United

text: States

text: Federal

text: government

text: by

text: some[citation

text: needed

text: giving

text: a

text: comparison

text: between

text: modern

text: treaty

text: law

text: and

text: the

text: historical

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

question: The United Nations has been compared to what government in function and effectiveness?

answer: the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government

text: the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government

question: In which aspects has the United Nations been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government?

answer: function and effectiveness

text: function and effectiveness

question: The comparison of the United Nations to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government gives us a comparison between what modern and historical legal topics of interest?

answer: modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation

text: modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation

question: Modern treaty law can be compared in function and effectiveness to the historical Articles of Confederation by comparing the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government with what modern institution?

answer: the UN

text: the UN

question: What legal document formed the basis of the pre-Constitutional Federal government of the United States?

answer: Articles of Confederation

text: Articles of Confederation


text: Most beers are cleared of yeast by filtering when packaged in bottles and cans. However, bottle conditioned beers retain some yeast—either by being unfiltered, or by being filtered and then reseeded with fresh yeast. It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of the bottle. However, some drinkers prefer to pour in the yeast; this practice is customary with wheat beers. Typically, when serving a hefeweizen wheat beer, 90% of the contents are poured, and the remainder is swirled to suspend the sediment before pouring it into the glass. Alternatively, the bottle may be inverted prior to opening. Glass bottles are always used for bottle conditioned beers.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Most

text: beers

text: are

text: cleared

text: of

text: yeast

text: by

text: filtering

text: when

text: packaged

text: in

text: bottles

text: and

text: cans

text: However

text: bottle

text: conditioned

text: beers

text: retain

text: some

text: yeast

text: either

text: by

text: being

text: unfiltered

text: or

text: by

text: being

text: filtered

text: and

text: then

text: reseeded

text: with

text: fresh

text: yeast

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: recommended

text: that

text: the

text: beer

text: be

text: poured

text: slowly

text: leaving

text: any

text: yeast

text: sediment

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: bottle

text: However

text: some

text: drinkers

text: prefer

text: to

text: pour

text: in

text: the

text: yeast

text: this

text: practice

text: is

text: customary

text: with

text: wheat

text: beers

text: Typically

text: when

text: serving

text: a

text: hefeweizen

text: wheat

text: beer

text: of

text: the

text: contents

text: are

text: poured

text: and

text: the

text: remainder

text: is

text: swirled

text: to

text: suspend

text: the

text: sediment

text: before

text: pouring

text: it

text: into

text: the

text: glass

text: Alternatively

text: the

text: bottle

text: may

text: be

text: inverted

text: prior

text: to

text: opening

text: Glass

text: bottles

text: are

text: always

text: used

text: for

text: bottle

text: conditioned

text: beers

question: What kind of containers are used for bottle conditioned beers?

answer: Glass bottles

text: Glass bottles

question: What do bottle conditioned beers contain that most fears do not?

answer: yeast

text: yeast

question: What ingredient is filtered out of most beers when it is packaged in bottles and cans?

answer: yeast

text: yeast

question: What are the recommendations for pouring bottle conditioned beers?

answer: slowly

text: slowly

question: What type of bottle conditioned beer is customarily poured with the yeast in it?

answer: wheat beers

text: wheat beers


text: Another debate developed around the (distinct) criticisms of liberal political theory made by Michael Walzer, Michael Sandel and Charles Taylor. The liberal-communitarian debate is often considered valuable for generating a new set of philosophical problems, rather than a profound and illuminating clash of perspective.These and other communitarians (such as Alasdair MacIntyre and Daniel A. Bell) argue that, contra liberalism, communities are prior to individuals and therefore should be the center of political focus. Communitarians tend to support greater local control as well as economic and social policies which encourage the growth of social capital.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: Another

text: debate

text: developed

text: around

text: the

text: distinct

text: criticisms

text: of

text: liberal

text: political

text: theory

text: made

text: by

text: Michael

text: Walzer

text: Michael

text: Sandel

text: and

text: Charles

text: Taylor

text: The

text: liberal

text: communitarian

text: debate

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: valuable

text: for

text: generating

text: a

text: new

text: set

text: of

text: philosophical

text: problems

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: profound

text: and

text: illuminating

text: clash

text: of

text: perspective

text: These

text: and

text: other

text: communitarians

text: such

text: as

text: Alasdair

text: MacIntyre

text: and

text: Daniel

text: A.

text: Bell

text: argue

text: that

text: contra

text: liberalism

text: communities

text: are

text: prior

text: to

text: individuals

text: and

text: therefore

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: political

text: focus

text: Communitarians

text: tend

text: to

text: support

text: greater

text: local

text: control

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: policies

text: which

text: encourage

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: social

text: capital

question: What is often considered valuable for generating a new set of philosophical problems?

answer: The liberal-communitarian debate

text: The liberal-communitarian debate

question: What type of control do communitarians tend to support?

answer: greater local control

text: greater local control

question: What type of economic and social policies do Communitarians tend to support?

answer: policies which encourage the growth of social capital

text: policies which encourage the growth of social capital


text: In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games were canceled but after that time the Winter Games have been held in St. Moritz (1948), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956), Innsbruck, Austria (1964 and 1976), Grenoble, France, (1968), Albertville, France, (1992), and Torino (2006). In 1930 the Lauberhorn Rennen (Lauberhorn Race), was run for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen; the equally demanding Hahnenkamm was first run in the same year in Kitzbühl, Austria. Both races continue to be held each January on successive weekends. The Lauberhorn is the more strenuous downhill race at 4.5 km (2.8 mi) and poses danger to racers who reach 130 km/h (81 mph) within seconds of leaving the start gate.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Winter

text: Games

text: were

text: held

text: three

text: times

text: in

text: Alpine

text: venues

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Chamonix

text: France

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: in

text: St.

text: Moritz

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Garmisch

text: Partenkirchen

text: Germany

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: winter

text: games

text: were

text: canceled

text: but

text: after

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: Winter

text: Games

text: have

text: been

text: held

text: in

text: St.

text: Moritz

text: Cortina

text: d'Ampezzo

text: Innsbruck

text: Austria

text: and

text: Grenoble

text: France

text: Albertville

text: France

text: and

text: Torino

text: In

text: the

text: Lauberhorn

text: Rennen

text: Lauberhorn

text: Race

text: was

text: run

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: on

text: the

text: Lauberhorn

text: above

text: Wengen

text: the

text: equally

text: demanding

text: Hahnenkamm

text: was

text: first

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: in

text: Kitzbühl

text: Austria

text: Both

text: races

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: each

text: January

text: on

text: successive

text: weekends

text: The

text: Lauberhorn

text: is

text: the

text: more

text: strenuous

text: downhill

text: race

text: at

text: km

text: mi

text: and

text: poses

text: danger

text: to

text: racers

text: who

text: reach

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: within

text: seconds

text: of

text: leaving

text: the

text: start

text: gate

question: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1924?

answer: Chamonix, France

text: Chamonix, France

question: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1928?

answer: St. Moritz, Switzerland

text: St. Moritz, Switzerland

question: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1936?

answer: Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

text: Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

question: When was the Lauberhorn Rennen ran for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen?

answer: 1930

question: When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France?

answer: (1992)


text: Demand in Europe for Chinese goods such as silk, tea, and ceramics could only be met if European companies funneled their limited supplies of silver into China. In the late 1700s, the governments of Britain and France were deeply concerned about the imbalance of trade and the drain of silver. To meet the growing Chinese demand for opium, the British East India Company greatly expanded its production in Bengal. Since China's economy was essentially self-sufficient, the country had little need to import goods or raw materials from the Europeans, so the usual way of payment was through silver. The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade. Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839, leading Britain to send a military expedition the following year.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Demand

text: in

text: Europe

text: for

text: Chinese

text: goods

text: such

text: as

text: silk

text: tea

text: and

text: ceramics

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: met

text: if

text: European

text: companies

text: funneled

text: their

text: limited

text: supplies

text: of

text: silver

text: into

text: China

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: were

text: deeply

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: imbalance

text: of

text: trade

text: and

text: the

text: drain

text: of

text: silver

text: To

text: meet

text: the

text: growing

text: Chinese

text: demand

text: for

text: opium

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: greatly

text: expanded

text: its

text: production

text: in

text: Bengal

text: Since

text: China

text: 's

text: economy

text: was

text: essentially

text: self

text: sufficient

text: the

text: country

text: had

text: little

text: need

text: to

text: import

text: goods

text: or

text: raw

text: materials

text: from

text: the

text: Europeans

text: so

text: the

text: usual

text: way

text: of

text: payment

text: was

text: through

text: silver

text: The

text: Daoguang

text: Emperor

text: concerned

text: both

text: over

text: the

text: outflow

text: of

text: silver

text: and

text: the

text: damage

text: that

text: opium

text: smoking

text: was

text: causing

text: to

text: his

text: subjects

text: ordered

text: Lin

text: Zexu

text: to

text: end

text: the

text: opium

text: trade

text: Lin

text: confiscated

text: the

text: stocks

text: of

text: opium

text: without

text: compensation

text: in

text: leading

text: Britain

text: to

text: send

text: a

text: military

text: expedition

text: the

text: following

text: year

question: What products from China did Europeans want?

answer: silk, tea, and ceramics

text: silk, tea, and ceramics

question: What did the Chinese want in return?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: What were the British and French concerned about?

answer: imbalance of trade and the drain of silver

text: imbalance of trade and the drain of silver

question: What else did the Chinese want from the British?

answer: opium

text: opium

question: Where was opium made?

answer: Bengal

text: Bengal


text: Further along these lines, The ethical problems brought up by IP rights are most pertinent when it is socially valuable goods like life-saving medicines are given IP protection. While the application of IP rights can allow companies to charge higher than the marginal cost of production in order to recoup the costs of research and development, the price may exclude from the market anyone who cannot afford the cost of the product, in this case a life-saving drug. "An IPR driven regime is therefore not a regime that is conductive to the investment of R&D of products that are socially valuable to predominately poor populations".:1108–9

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Further

text: along

text: these

text: lines

text: The

text: ethical

text: problems

text: brought

text: up

text: by

text: IP

text: rights

text: are

text: most

text: pertinent

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: socially

text: valuable

text: goods

text: like

text: life

text: saving

text: medicines

text: are

text: given

text: IP

text: protection

text: While

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: IP

text: rights

text: can

text: allow

text: companies

text: to

text: charge

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: marginal

text: cost

text: of

text: production

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: recoup

text: the

text: costs

text: of

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: the

text: price

text: may

text: exclude

text: from

text: the

text: market

text: anyone

text: who

text: can

text: not

text: afford

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: a

text: life

text: saving

text: drug

text: An

text: IPR

text: driven

text: regime

text: is

text: therefore

text: not

text: a

text: regime

text: that

text: is

text: conductive

text: to

text: the

text: investment

text: of

text: R&D

text: of

text: products

text: that

text: are

text: socially

text: valuable

text: to

text: predominately

text: poor

question: For what type of goods are IP's ethical problems most pertinent?

answer: socially valuable

text: socially valuable

question: What is an example of socially valuable goods?

answer: life-saving medicines

text: life-saving medicines

question: What cost does IP rights allow companies to charge higher than?

answer: the marginal cost of production

text: the marginal cost of production

question: Who might a higher price exclude from the market?

answer: anyone who cannot afford the cost of the product

text: anyone who cannot afford the cost of the product


text: Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Early

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

text: and

text: Islamic

text: metaphysics

text: imbued

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: with

text: Islamic

text: theology

text: distinguishes

text: more

text: clearly

text: than

text: Aristotelianism

text: between

text: essence

text: and

text: existence

text: Whereas

text: existence

text: is

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: the

text: contingent

text: and

text: the

text: accidental

text: essence

text: endures

text: within

text: a

text: being

text: beyond

text: the

text: accidental

text: The

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Ibn

text: Sīnā

text: particularly

text: that

text: part

text: relating

text: to

text: metaphysics

text: owes

text: much

text: to

text: al

text: Farabi

text: The

text: search

text: for

text: a

text: definitive

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

text: separate

text: from

text: Occasionalism

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: left

text: of

text: his

text: work

question: What does Islamic philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism?

answer: essence and existence

text: essence and existence

question: Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe much to?

answer: al-Farabi

text: al-Farabi

question: What is early Islamic metaphysics imbued with?

answer: Islamic theology

text: Islamic theology


text: In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: elected

text: a

text: Republican

text: Governor

text: Pat

text: McCrory

text: and

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: Dan

text: Forest

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: while

text: also

text: giving

text: the

text: Republicans

text: veto

text: proof

text: majorities

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: State

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: and

text: the

text: State

text: Senate

text: Several

text: U.S.

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: seats

text: also

text: flipped

text: control

text: with

text: the

text: Republicans

text: holding

text: nine

text: seats

text: to

text: the

text: Democrats

text: four

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: term

text: elections

text: Republican

text: David

text: Rouzer

text: won

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: Seventh

text: Congressional

text: District

text: seat

text: increasing

text: the

text: congressional

text: delegation

text: party

text: split

text: to

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: GOP

question: Who was elected Governor of North Carolina in 2012?

answer: Pat McCrory

text: Pat McCrory

question: What political party does Pat McCrory belong to?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: Who ws elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2012?

answer: Dan Forest

text: Dan Forest

question: What political party does Dan Forest belong to?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: Who won North Carolinas 7th congressional district seat in 2014?

answer: David Rouzer

text: David Rouzer


text: As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: now

text: near

text: universal

text: human

text: reliance

text: upon

text: agriculture

text: the

text: few

text: contemporary

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: cultures

text: usually

text: live

text: in

text: areas

text: unsuitable

text: for

text: agricultural

text: use

question: What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?

answer: unsuitable for agricultural use

text: unsuitable for agricultural use

question: How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?

answer: few

text: few

question: What do people basically rely on now?

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

question: Who lives in areas not usable for agriculture?

answer: hunter-gatherer cultures

text: hunter-gatherer cultures

question: What kind of food production is worldwide now?

answer: reliance upon agriculture

text: reliance upon agriculture


text: Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism. In mice, deletion of the Rev-ErbA alpha clock gene facilitates diet-induced obesity and changes the balance between glucose and lipid utilization predisposing to diabetes. However, it is not clear whether there is a strong association between clock gene polymorphisms in humans and the susceptibility to develop the metabolic syndrome.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Mutations

text: or

text: deletions

text: of

text: clock

text: gene

text: in

text: mice

text: have

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: body

text: clocks

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: proper

text: timing

text: of

text: cellular

text: metabolic

text: events

text: clock

text: mutant

text: mice

text: are

text: hyperphagic

text: and

text: obese

text: and

text: have

text: altered

text: glucose

text: metabolism

text: In

text: mice

text: deletion

text: of

text: the

text: Rev

text: ErbA

text: alpha

text: clock

text: gene

text: facilitates

text: diet

text: induced

text: obesity

text: and

text: changes

text: the

text: balance

text: between

text: glucose

text: and

text: lipid

text: utilization

text: predisposing

text: to

text: diabetes

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: whether

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: strong

text: association

text: between

text: clock

text: gene

text: polymorphisms

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: the

text: susceptibility

text: to

text: develop

text: the

text: metabolic

text: syndrome

question: What is the body clock gene in animals necessary to ensure?

answer: cellular/metabolic events

text: cellular/metabolic events

question: What do mice without the clock gene become?

answer: hyperphagic and obese

text: hyperphagic and obese

question: Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect   the mice?

answer: glucose metabolism

text: glucose metabolism

question: How certain is it that these circadian clock  effects are the same in humans?

answer: not clear

text: not clear

question: What gene needs to be deleted to cause obesity in mice?

answer: Rev-ErbA alpha clock

text: Rev-ErbA alpha clock


text: However, the prime example of reference works that systematized scientific knowledge in the age of Enlightenment were universal encyclopedias rather than technical dictionaries. It was the goal of universal encyclopedias to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work. The most well-known of these works is Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert's Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. The work, which began publication in 1751, was composed of thirty-five volumes and over 71 000 separate entries. A great number of the entries were dedicated to describing the sciences and crafts in detail, and provided intellectuals across Europe with a high-quality survey of human knowledge. In d'Alembert's Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot, the work's goal to record the extent of human knowledge in the arts and sciences is outlined:

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: However

text: the

text: prime

text: example

text: of

text: reference

text: works

text: that

text: systematized

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: were

text: universal

text: encyclopedias

text: rather

text: than

text: technical

text: dictionaries

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: universal

text: encyclopedias

text: to

text: record

text: all

text: human

text: knowledge

text: in

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: reference

text: work

text: The

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: of

text: these

text: works

text: is

text: Denis

text: Diderot

text: and

text: Jean

text: le

text: Rond

text: d'Alembert

text: 's

text: Encyclopédie

text: ou

text: dictionnaire

text: raisonné

text: des

text: sciences

text: des

text: arts

text: et

text: des

text: métiers

text: The

text: work

text: which

text: began

text: publication

text: in

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: thirty

text: five

text: volumes

text: and

text: over

text: separate

text: entries

text: A

text: great

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: entries

text: were

text: dedicated

text: to

text: describing

text: the

text: sciences

text: and

text: crafts

text: in

text: detail

text: and

text: provided

text: intellectuals

text: across

text: Europe

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: survey

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: In

text: d'Alembert

text: 's

text: Preliminary

text: Discourse

text: to

text: the

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Diderot

text: the

text: work

text: 's

text: goal

text: to

text: record

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: is

text: outlined

question: What were the prime examples of reference works that systemasized scientific knowledge in the age oif Enlightenment?

answer: universal encyclopedias

text: universal encyclopedias

question: What was the goal of universal encyclopedias?

answer: to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work

text: to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work

question: Which universal encyclopedia began publication in 1751 and was composed of 35 volumes and over 71,000 seperate entries?

answer: Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers

text: Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers

question: In what work is the goal to record the extent of human knowledge in the arts and sciences outlined?

answer: Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot

text: Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot

question: Who wrote the Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot?

answer: d'Alembert's

text: d'Alembert's


text: Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras with the formerly British-ruled Bay Islands, Nicaragua, Panama which had the U.S.-ruled Canal Zone territory from 1903 to 1979, and formerly British Honduras or Belize since 1981). However, the U.S. never acted on these proposals from some U.S. politicians; some of which were never delivered or considered seriously. In 2001, El Salvador adopted the U.S. dollar as its currency, while Panama has used it for decades due to its ties to the Canal Zone.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Due

text: to

text: geographical

text: proximity

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: American

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: which

text: has

text: powerful

text: military

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: influences

text: there

text: were

text: several

text: movements

text: and

text: proposals

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: to

text: annex

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: American

text: republics

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Guatemala

text: Honduras

text: with

text: the

text: formerly

text: British

text: ruled

text: Bay

text: Islands

text: Nicaragua

text: Panama

text: which

text: had

text: the

text: U.S

text: ruled

text: Canal

text: Zone

text: territory

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: formerly

text: British

text: Honduras

text: or

text: Belize

text: since

text: However

text: the

text: U.S.

text: never

text: acted

text: on

text: these

text: proposals

text: from

text: some

text: U.S.

text: politicians

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: never

text: delivered

text: or

text: considered

text: seriously

text: In

text: El

text: Salvador

text: adopted

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: as

text: its

text: currency

text: while

text: Panama

text: has

text: used

text: it

text: for

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: Canal

text: Zone

question: When did Panama have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?

answer: from 1903 to 1979

text: from 1903 to 1979

question: When did El Salvador adopt the US Dollar as its currency?

answer: 2001

question: When did the British Honduras become Belize?

answer: since 1981

text: since 1981


text: Every continued in pursuit and managed to overhaul Ganj-i-Sawai, which resisted strongly before eventually striking. Ganj-i-Sawai carried enormous wealth and, according to contemporary East India Company sources, was carrying a relative of the Grand Mughal, though there is no evidence to suggest that it was his daughter and her retinue. The loot from the Ganj-i-Sawai had a total value between £325,000 and £600,000, including 500,000 gold and silver pieces, and has become known as the richest ship ever taken by pirates.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: Every

text: continued

text: in

text: pursuit

text: and

text: managed

text: to

text: overhaul

text: Ganj

text: i

text: Sawai

text: which

text: resisted

text: strongly

text: before

text: eventually

text: striking

text: Ganj

text: i

text: Sawai

text: carried

text: enormous

text: wealth

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: contemporary

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: sources

text: was

text: carrying

text: a

text: relative

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Mughal

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: his

text: daughter

text: and

text: her

text: retinue

text: The

text: loot

text: from

text: the

text: Ganj

text: i

text: Sawai

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: value

text: between

text: and

text: including

text: gold

text: and

text: silver

text: pieces

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: richest

text: ship

text: ever

text: taken

text: by

text: pirates

question: how many gold and silver pieces were on the Ganj-i-Sawai?

answer: 500,000

question: What was the total value of cargo on the Ganj-i-Sawai?

answer: £325,000 and £600,000

text: £325,000 and £600,000

question: who was on the Ganji-i-Sawai according to the EIC?

answer: a relative of the Grand Mughal

text: a relative of the Grand Mughal

question: what is the Ganj-i-Sawai know for?

answer: richest ship ever taken by pirates

text: richest ship ever taken by pirates

question: What was reportedly the high value of of loot that the Ganj-i-Sawai had?

answer: £600,000

question: as times has past what has become know as the richest ship ever taken by Pirates?

answer: Ganj-i-Sawai

text: Ganj-i-Sawai

question: how many gold and silver pieces were on the Ganj-i-Sawai?

answer: 500,000 gold and silver pieces

text: 500,000 gold and silver pieces


text: To define light source color properties, the lighting industry predominantly relies on two metrics, correlated color temperature (CCT), commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source, and color rendering index (CRI), an indication of the light source’s ability to make objects appear natural.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: To

text: define

text: light

text: source

text: color

text: properties

text: the

text: lighting

text: industry

text: predominantly

text: relies

text: on

text: two

text: metrics

text: correlated

text: color

text: temperature

text: CCT

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: apparent

text: warmth

text: or

text: coolness

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: emitted

text: by

text: a

text: source

text: and

text: color

text: rendering

text: index

text: CRI

text: an

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: source

text: ’s

text: ability

text: to

text: make

text: objects

text: appear

text: natural

question: What does CCT stand for?

answer: correlated color temperature

text: correlated color temperature

question: What does CRI stand for?

answer: color rendering index

text: color rendering index

question: What metric indicates a lights ability to make object appear natural?

answer: CRI

text: CRI

question: What metric indicates "warmth" or "coolness"?

answer: CCT

text: CCT


text: Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party.[citation needed] On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Tito

text: 's

text: greatest

text: strength

text: in

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: communists

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: suppressing

text: nationalist

text: insurrections

text: and

text: maintaining

text: unity

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: It

text: was

text: Tito

text: 's

text: call

text: for

text: unity

text: and

text: related

text: methods

text: that

text: held

text: together

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: This

text: ability

text: was

text: put

text: to

text: a

text: test

text: several

text: times

text: during

text: his

text: reign

text: notably

text: during

text: the

text: Croatian

text: Spring

text: also

text: referred

text: as

text: the

text: Masovni

text: pokret

text: maspok

text: meaning

text: Mass

text: Movement

text: when

text: the

text: government

text: suppressed

text: both

text: public

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: dissenting

text: opinions

text: within

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: Despite

text: this

text: suppression

text: much

text: of

text: maspok

text: 's

text: demands

text: were

text: later

text: realized

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: heavily

text: backed

text: by

text: Tito

text: himself

text: against

text: opposition

text: from

text: the

text: Serbian

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: party.[citation

text: needed

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: new

text: Constitution

text: was

text: passed

text: and

text: the

text: aging

text: Tito

text: was

text: named

text: president

text: for

text: life

text: a

text: status

text: which

text: he

text: would

text: enjoy

text: for

text: five

text: years

question: What person's calls for unity is credited by western communists of holding together Yugoslavia?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?

answer: the Croatian Spring

text: the Croatian Spring

question: When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed?

answer: 16 May 1974

text: 16 May 1974

question: Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: How long did the person named "president for life" serve?

answer: five years.

text: five years.


text: Viviparous mammals are in the subclass Theria; those living today are in the marsupial and placental infraclasses. A marsupial has a short gestation period, typically shorter than its estrous cycle, and gives birth to an undeveloped newborn that then undergoes further development; in many species, this takes place within a pouch-like sac, the marsupium, located in the front of the mother's abdomen. This is the plesyomorphic condition among viviparous mammals; the presence of epipubic bones in all non-placental mammals prevents the expansion of the torso needed for full pregnancy. Even non-placental eutherians probably reproduced this way.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Viviparous

text: mammals

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: subclass

text: Theria

text: those

text: living

text: today

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: marsupial

text: and

text: placental

text: infraclasses

text: A

text: marsupial

text: has

text: a

text: short

text: gestation

text: period

text: typically

text: shorter

text: than

text: its

text: estrous

text: cycle

text: and

text: gives

text: birth

text: to

text: an

text: undeveloped

text: newborn

text: that

text: then

text: undergoes

text: further

text: development

text: in

text: many

text: species

text: this

text: takes

text: place

text: within

text: a

text: pouch

text: like

text: sac

text: the

text: marsupium

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: mother

text: 's

text: abdomen

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: plesyomorphic

text: condition

text: among

text: viviparous

text: mammals

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: epipubic

text: bones

text: in

text: all

text: non

text: placental

text: mammals

text: prevents

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: torso

text: needed

text: for

text: full

text: pregnancy

text: Even

text: non

text: placental

text: eutherians

text: probably

text: reproduced

text: this

text: way

question: Which sub class are most viviparous mammals in?

answer: Theria

text: Theria

question: Viviparous mammals today are in which two main infraclasses?

answer: marsupial and placental

text: marsupial and placental

question: What is present in all non-placental mammals?

answer: epipubic bones

text: epipubic bones