text: The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 1995). These terms refer in variable ways to practices and forms for policing that, in some sense, transcend national borders. This includes a variety of practices, but international police cooperation, criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states, and police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention.

title: Police

title: Police

text: The

text: terms

text: international

text: policing

text: transnational

text: policing

text: and/or

text: global

text: policing

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: onwards

text: to

text: describe

text: forms

text: of

text: policing

text: that

text: transcended

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: sovereign

text: nation

text: state

text: Nadelmann

text: Sheptycki

text: These

text: terms

text: refer

text: in

text: variable

text: ways

text: to

text: practices

text: and

text: forms

text: for

text: policing

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: sense

text: transcend

text: national

text: borders

text: This

text: includes

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: practices

text: but

text: international

text: police

text: cooperation

text: criminal

text: intelligence

text: exchange

text: between

text: police

text: agencies

text: working

text: in

text: different

text: nation

text: states

text: and

text: police

text: development

text: aid

text: to

text: weak

text: failed

text: or

text: failing

text: states

text: are

text: the

text: three

text: types

text: that

text: have

text: received

text: the

text: most

text: scholarly

text: attention

question: When did Nadelmann write about global policing?

answer: 1993

question: When did Sheptycki write about global policing?

answer: 1995

question: What terms have been used to describe policing beyond one country?

answer: international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing

text: international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing


text: Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese[citation needed]. Jingning She Autonomous County in Lishui is the only She autonomous county in China.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: Han

text: subgroup

text: are

text: the

text: speakers

text: of

text: Wu

text: varieties

text: of

text: Chinese

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: members

text: of

text: ethnic

text: minorities

text: including

text: approximately

text: She

text: people

text: and

text: approximately

text: Hui

text: Chinese[citation

text: needed

text: Jingning

text: She

text: Autonomous

text: County

text: in

text: Lishui

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: She

text: autonomous

text: county

text: in

text: China

question: What kind of Chinese make up the vast majority of the population?

answer: Han

text: Han

question: What varieties of Chinese do the largest Han subgroup speak?

answer: Wu

text: Wu

question: How many members of ethnic minorities are there?

answer: 400,000

question: How many She people are there?

answer: 200,000

question: Where is the only She autonomous county in China?

answer: Lishui

text: Lishui


text: The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable (iMac G3) to upscale (iMac G4) and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast the MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (the only sub-$1000 offering from Apple, albeit without a monitor and keyboard), not surprisingly the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The use of Intel microprocessors has helped Macs more directly compete with their Windows counterparts on price and performance, and by the 2010s Apple was receiving Intel's latest CPUs first before other PC manufacturers.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: sales

text: breakdown

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: have

text: seen

text: sales

text: of

text: desktop

text: Macs

text: stayed

text: mostly

text: constant

text: while

text: being

text: surpassed

text: by

text: that

text: of

text: Mac

text: notebooks

text: whose

text: sales

text: rate

text: has

text: grown

text: considerably

text: seven

text: out

text: of

text: ten

text: Macs

text: sold

text: were

text: laptops

text: in

text: a

text: ratio

text: projected

text: to

text: rise

text: to

text: three

text: out

text: of

text: four

text: by

text: The

text: change

text: in

text: sales

text: of

text: form

text: factors

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: desktop

text: iMac

text: moving

text: from

text: affordable

text: iMac

text: to

text: upscale

text: iMac

text: and

text: subsequent

text: releases

text: are

text: considered

text: premium

text: all

text: in

text: ones

text: By

text: contrast

text: the

text: MSRP

text: of

text: the

text: MacBook

text: laptop

text: lines

text: have

text: dropped

text: through

text: successive

text: generations

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: and

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: constitute

text: the

text: lowest

text: price

text: of

text: entry

text: to

text: a

text: Mac

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: even

text: more

text: inexpensive

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: the

text: only

text: offering

text: from

text: Apple

text: albeit

text: without

text: a

text: monitor

text: and

text: keyboard

text: not

text: surprisingly

text: the

text: MacBooks

text: are

text: the

text: top

text: selling

text: form

text: factors

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: platform

text: today

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: Intel

text: microprocessors

text: has

text: helped

text: Macs

text: more

text: directly

text: compete

text: with

text: their

text: Windows

text: counterparts

text: on

text: price

text: and

text: performance

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Apple

text: was

text: receiving

text: Intel

text: 's

text: latest

text: CPUs

text: first

text: before

text: other

text: PC

text: manufacturers

question: In 2009, how many Macs sold were laptops?

answer: seven out of ten

text: seven out of ten

question: What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance?

answer: The use of Intel microprocessors

text: The use of Intel microprocessors

question: In 2010, what did Apple receive before other PC manufacturers?

answer: Intel's latest CPUs

text: Intel's latest CPUs

question: What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?

answer: MacBooks

text: MacBooks

question: What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered?

answer: Mac Mini

text: Mac Mini


text: Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 about half were Italian by 1994 the number was reduced to one third. Their influence in the election of the Pope has been considered important, they are better informed and connected than the dislocated cardinals but their level of unity has been varied. Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons. Later the number increased. As late as 1939 almost half of the cardinals were members of the curia. Pius XII reduced this percentage to 24 percent. John XXIII brought it back up to 37 percent but Paul VI brought it down to 27 percent where John Paul II has maintained this ratio.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: Cardinals

text: elevated

text: to

text: the

text: diaconal

text: order

text: are

text: mainly

text: officials

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Curia

text: holding

text: various

text: posts

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: administration

text: Their

text: number

text: and

text: influence

text: has

text: varied

text: through

text: the

text: years

text: While

text: historically

text: predominantly

text: Italian

text: the

text: group

text: has

text: become

text: much

text: more

text: internationally

text: diverse

text: in

text: later

text: years

text: While

text: in

text: about

text: half

text: were

text: Italian

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: was

text: reduced

text: to

text: one

text: third

text: Their

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: important

text: they

text: are

text: better

text: informed

text: and

text: connected

text: than

text: the

text: dislocated

text: cardinals

text: but

text: their

text: level

text: of

text: unity

text: has

text: been

text: varied

text: Under

text: the

text: decree

text: of

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: V

text: which

text: fixed

text: the

text: maximum

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: there

text: were

text: cardinal

text: deacons

text: Later

text: the

text: number

text: increased

text: As

text: late

text: as

text: almost

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: cardinals

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: curia

text: Pius

text: XII

text: reduced

text: this

text: percentage

text: to

text: percent

text: John

text: XXIII

text: brought

text: it

text: back

text: up

text: to

text: percent

text: but

text: Paul

text: VI

text: brought

text: it

text: down

text: to

text: percent

text: where

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: has

text: maintained

text: this

text: ratio

question: In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian?

answer: about half

text: about half

question: In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian?

answer: third

text: third


text: The U.S. framed the war as part of its policy of containment of Communism in south Asia, but American forces were frustrated by an inability to engage the enemy in decisive battles, corruption and incompetence in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and ever increasing protests at home. The Tet Offensive in 1968, although a major military defeat for the NLF with half their forces eliminated, marked the psychological turning point in the war. With President Richard M. Nixon opposed to containment and more interested in achieving détente with both the Soviet Union and China, American policy shifted to "Vietnamization," – providing very large supplies of arms and letting the Vietnamese fight it out themselves. After more than 57,000 dead and many more wounded, American forces withdrew in 1973 with no clear victory, and in 1975 South Vietnam was finally conquered by communist North Vietnam and unified.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: U.S.

text: framed

text: the

text: war

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: containment

text: of

text: Communism

text: in

text: south

text: Asia

text: but

text: American

text: forces

text: were

text: frustrated

text: by

text: an

text: inability

text: to

text: engage

text: the

text: enemy

text: in

text: decisive

text: battles

text: corruption

text: and

text: incompetence

text: in

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: ever

text: increasing

text: protests

text: at

text: home

text: The

text: Tet

text: Offensive

text: in

text: although

text: a

text: major

text: military

text: defeat

text: for

text: the

text: NLF

text: with

text: half

text: their

text: forces

text: eliminated

text: marked

text: the

text: psychological

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: With

text: President

text: Richard

text: M.

text: Nixon

text: opposed

text: to

text: containment

text: and

text: more

text: interested

text: in

text: achieving

text: détente

text: with

text: both

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: China

text: American

text: policy

text: shifted

text: to

text: Vietnamization

text: providing

text: very

text: large

text: supplies

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: letting

text: the

text: Vietnamese

text: fight

text: it

text: out

text: themselves

text: After

text: more

text: than

text: dead

text: and

text: many

text: more

text: wounded

text: American

text: forces

text: withdrew

text: in

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: victory

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: finally

text: conquered

text: by

text: communist

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: unified

question: The policy of containment in Asia was aimed at what ideology?

answer: Communism

text: Communism

question: What was the psychological turning point of the war?

answer: The Tet Offensive

text: The Tet Offensive

question: When did this offensive take place?

answer: 1968

question: When were US forces withdrawn from Vietnam?

answer: 1973

question: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Vietnamese to fight their own war was called what?

answer: "Vietnamization,"

text: "Vietnamization,"


text: Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in the city since 1971. They have won two NBA Championships: in 1994 and 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon, Otis Thorpe, Clyde Drexler, Vernon Maxwell, and Kenny Smith. The Houston Texans are a National Football League (NFL) expansion team formed in 2002. The Houston Dynamo are a Major League Soccer (MLS) franchise that has been based in Houston since 2006 after they won two MLS Cup titles in 2006 and 2007. The Houston Dash play in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). The Scrap Yard Dawgs, a women's pro softball team, is expected to play in the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) from 2016.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Houston

text: has

text: sports

text: teams

text: for

text: every

text: major

text: professional

text: league

text: except

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: The

text: Houston

text: Astros

text: are

text: a

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: expansion

text: team

text: formed

text: in

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Colt

text: until

text: that

text: made

text: one

text: World

text: Series

text: appearance

text: in

text: The

text: Houston

text: Rockets

text: are

text: a

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: franchise

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: since

text: They

text: have

text: won

text: two

text: NBA

text: Championships

text: in

text: and

text: under

text: star

text: players

text: Hakeem

text: Olajuwon

text: Otis

text: Thorpe

text: Clyde

text: Drexler

text: Vernon

text: Maxwell

text: and

text: Kenny

text: Smith

text: The

text: Houston

text: Texans

text: are

text: a

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: expansion

text: team

text: formed

text: in

text: The

text: Houston

text: Dynamo

text: are

text: a

text: Major

text: League

text: Soccer

text: MLS

text: franchise

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: based

text: in

text: Houston

text: since

text: after

text: they

text: won

text: two

text: MLS

text: Cup

text: titles

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: Houston

text: Dash

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Women

text: 's

text: Soccer

text: League

text: NWSL

text: The

text: Scrap

text: Yard

text: Dawgs

text: a

text: women

text: 's

text: pro

text: softball

text: team

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Pro

text: Fastpitch

text: NPF

text: from

question: For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ?

answer: National Hockey League

text: National Hockey League

question: Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team?

answer: 1971

question: When were the Houston Astros formed?

answer: 1962

question: Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called?

answer: Colt .45s

text: Colt .45s

question: When were the Houston Astros in the World Series?

answer: 2005


text: In his Science of Logic (1812–1814) Hegel argues that finite qualities are not fully "real" because they depend on other finite qualities to determine them. Qualitative infinity, on the other hand, would be more self-determining and hence more fully real. Similarly finite natural things are less "real"—because they are less self-determining—than spiritual things like morally responsible people, ethical communities and God. So any doctrine, such as materialism, that asserts that finite qualities or natural objects are fully real is mistaken.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: In

text: his

text: Science

text: of

text: Logic

text: Hegel

text: argues

text: that

text: finite

text: qualities

text: are

text: not

text: fully

text: real

text: because

text: they

text: depend

text: on

text: other

text: finite

text: qualities

text: to

text: determine

text: them

text: Qualitative

text: infinity

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: self

text: determining

text: and

text: hence

text: more

text: fully

text: real

text: Similarly

text: finite

text: natural

text: things

text: are

text: less

text: real

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: less

text: self

text: determining

text: than

text: spiritual

text: things

text: like

text: morally

text: responsible

text: people

text: ethical

text: communities

text: and

text: God

text: So

text: any

text: doctrine

text: such

text: as

text: materialism

text: that

text: asserts

text: that

text: finite

text: qualities

text: or

text: natural

text: objects

text: are

text: fully

text: real

text: is

text: mistaken

question: When was Science of Logic written?

answer: 1812–1814

question: Who was the author of Science of Logic?

answer: Hegel

text: Hegel

question: Why did Hegel believe natural things are less real than spiritual things?

answer: less self-determining

text: less self-determining

question: Along with God and morally responsible people, what is an example of a spiritual thing to Hegel?

answer: ethical communities

text: ethical communities

question: What is an example of a school of thought Hegel believed to be wrong?

answer: materialism

text: materialism


text: In 1896, Eugen Baumann observed iodine in thyroid glands. In 1897, Christiaan Eijkman worked with natives of Java, who also suffered from beriberi. Eijkman observed that chickens fed the native diet of white rice developed the symptoms of beriberi but remained healthy when fed unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact. Eijkman cured the natives by feeding them brown rice, discovering that food can cure disease. Over two decades later, nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1, also known as thiamine.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: In

text: Eugen

text: Baumann

text: observed

text: iodine

text: in

text: thyroid

text: glands

text: In

text: Christiaan

text: Eijkman

text: worked

text: with

text: natives

text: of

text: Java

text: who

text: also

text: suffered

text: from

text: beriberi

text: Eijkman

text: observed

text: that

text: chickens

text: fed

text: the

text: native

text: diet

text: of

text: white

text: rice

text: developed

text: the

text: symptoms

text: of

text: beriberi

text: but

text: remained

text: healthy

text: when

text: fed

text: unprocessed

text: brown

text: rice

text: with

text: the

text: outer

text: bran

text: intact

text: Eijkman

text: cured

text: the

text: natives

text: by

text: feeding

text: them

text: brown

text: rice

text: discovering

text: that

text: food

text: can

text: cure

text: disease

text: Over

text: two

text: decades

text: later

text: nutritionists

text: learned

text: that

text: the

text: outer

text: rice

text: bran

text: contains

text: vitamin

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: thiamine

question: What element can be found in thyroid glands?

answer: iodine

text: iodine

question: What group of natives suffered from beriberi?

answer: Java

text: Java

question: Who worked with the natives to help solve their dietary issues?

answer: Christiaan Eijkman

text: Christiaan Eijkman

question: What simple alternative food prevented the development of beriberi in chickens?

answer: unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact

text: unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact

question: How long after the natives were cured did it take for people to figure out the reason that brown rice cured them?

answer: two decades

text: two decades


text: Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. However, the exact locations of Cabot's landfalls are disputed. A series of expeditions to St. John's by Portuguese from the Azores took place in the early 16th century, and by 1540 French, Spanish and Portuguese ships crossed the Atlantic annually to fish the waters off the Avalon Peninsula. In the Basque Country, it is a common belief that the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of Pasaia in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in Basque, Donibane).

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: Sebastian

text: Cabot

text: declares

text: in

text: a

text: handwritten

text: Latin

text: text

text: in

text: his

text: original

text: map

text: that

text: the

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: earned

text: its

text: name

text: when

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: the

text: Venetian

text: explorer

text: John

text: Cabot

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Europeans

text: to

text: sail

text: into

text: the

text: harbour

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: of

text: June

text: against

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: historians

text: stating

text: the

text: feast

text: day

text: of

text: Saint

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: However

text: the

text: exact

text: locations

text: of

text: Cabot

text: 's

text: landfalls

text: are

text: disputed

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: expeditions

text: to

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: by

text: Portuguese

text: from

text: the

text: Azores

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: French

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: ships

text: crossed

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: annually

text: to

text: fish

text: the

text: waters

text: off

text: the

text: Avalon

text: Peninsula

text: In

text: the

text: Basque

text: Country

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: was

text: given

text: by

text: Basque

text: fishermen

text: because

text: the

text: bay

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Pasaia

text: in

text: the

text: Basque

text: Country

text: where

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fishing

text: towns

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: St.

text: John

text: in

text: Spanish

text: San

text: Juan

text: and

text: in

text: Basque

text: Donibane

question: What was John Cabot's sons first name?

answer: Sebastian

text: Sebastian

question: What was the occupation of John Cabot?

answer: explorer

text: explorer

question: Where did the French, Spanish and Portuguese start to travel to fish yearly in 1540?

answer: Avalon Peninsula

text: Avalon Peninsula

question: Where is the Bay of Pasaia located?

answer: Basque Country

text: Basque Country

question: In what language did Sebastian Cabot write his map from 1545?

answer: Latin

text: Latin


text: On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska. Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat Eskimo leader and the former mayor of the North Slope Borough, who expressed that he was conflicted about Shell's plans in the Arctic, as he was very concerned that an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat Eskimo's hunting-and-fishing culture, but his borough also received major tax revenue from oil and gas production; additionally, further revenue from energy activity was considered crucial to the future of the living standard in Itta's community.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: On

text: March

text: Greenpeace

text: activists

text: from

text: five

text: different

text: countries

text: boarded

text: Fennica

text: and

text: Nordica

text: multipurpose

text: icebreakers

text: chartered

text: to

text: support

text: Shell

text: 's

text: drilling

text: rigs

text: near

text: Alaska

text: Around

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: a

text: reporter

text: for

text: Fortune

text: magazine

text: spoke

text: with

text: Edward

text: Itta

text: an

text: Inupiat

text: Eskimo

text: leader

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: mayor

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Slope

text: Borough

text: who

text: expressed

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: conflicted

text: about

text: Shell

text: 's

text: plans

text: in

text: the

text: Arctic

text: as

text: he

text: was

text: very

text: concerned

text: that

text: an

text: oil

text: spill

text: could

text: destroy

text: the

text: Inupiat

text: Eskimo

text: 's

text: hunting

text: and

text: fishing

text: culture

text: but

text: his

text: borough

text: also

text: received

text: major

text: tax

text: revenue

text: from

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: production

text: additionally

text: further

text: revenue

text: from

text: energy

text: activity

text: was

text: considered

text: crucial

text: to

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: the

text: living

text: standard

text: in

text: Itta

text: 's

text: community

question: How many Greenpeace activists boarded Fennica and Nordica in March 2012?

answer: 52

question: How many countries did the group of Greenpeace activists represent?

answer: five

text: five

question: What types of vehicles were the Fennica and Nordica?

answer: multipurpose icebreakers

text: multipurpose icebreakers

question: Why were the Fennica and Nordica chartered?

answer: to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska

text: to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska

question: What was the main concern of Edward Itta?

answer: an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat Eskimo's hunting-and-fishing culture

text: an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat Eskimo's hunting-and-fishing culture


text: In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling an example of institutional racism in law enforcement. The history of misuse of racial categories to impact adversely one or more groups and/or to offer protection and advantage to another has a clear impact on debate of the legitimate use of known phenotypical or genotypical characteristics tied to the presumed race of both victims and perpetrators by the government.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: racial

text: profiling

text: has

text: been

text: ruled

text: to

text: be

text: both

text: unconstitutional

text: and

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: civil

text: rights

text: There

text: is

text: active

text: debate

text: regarding

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: a

text: marked

text: correlation

text: between

text: the

text: recorded

text: crimes

text: punishments

text: meted

text: out

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: populations

text: Many

text: consider

text: de

text: facto

text: racial

text: profiling

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: institutional

text: racism

text: in

text: law

text: enforcement

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: misuse

text: of

text: racial

text: categories

text: to

text: impact

text: adversely

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: groups

text: and/or

text: to

text: offer

text: protection

text: and

text: advantage

text: to

text: another

text: has

text: a

text: clear

text: impact

text: on

text: debate

text: of

text: the

text: legitimate

text: use

text: of

text: known

text: phenotypical

text: or

text: genotypical

text: characteristics

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: presumed

text: race

text: of

text: both

text: victims

text: and

text: perpetrators

text: by

text: the

text: government

question: Where has the practice of racial profiling been ruled to be unconstitutional?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: What is a violation of civil rights in the United States?

answer: racial profiling

text: racial profiling

question: What do many consider an example of institutional racism in law enforcement?

answer: de facto racial profiling

text: de facto racial profiling

question: How has the misuse of racial categories historically impacted one or more groups?

answer: adversely

text: adversely

question: What has impacted the debate on the legitimate use of known phenotypical characteristics?

answer: misuse of racial categories

text: misuse of racial categories


text: The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as a single conurbation to reach the exclusive suburb of Portsea and Point Nepean. In the west, it extends along the Maribyrnong River and its tributaries north towards Sunbury and the foothills of the Macedon Ranges, and along the flat volcanic plain country towards Melton in the west, Werribee at the foothills of the You Yangs granite ridge south west of the CBD. The Little River, and the township of the same name, marks the border between Melbourne and neighbouring Geelong city.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: The

text: city

text: reaches

text: south

text: east

text: through

text: Dandenong

text: to

text: the

text: growth

text: corridor

text: of

text: Pakenham

text: towards

text: West

text: Gippsland

text: and

text: southward

text: through

text: the

text: Dandenong

text: Creek

text: valley

text: the

text: Mornington

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Frankston

text: taking

text: in

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: Olivers

text: Hill

text: Mount

text: Martha

text: and

text: Arthurs

text: Seat

text: extending

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Port

text: Phillip

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: conurbation

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: exclusive

text: suburb

text: of

text: Portsea

text: and

text: Point

text: Nepean

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: it

text: extends

text: along

text: the

text: Maribyrnong

text: River

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: north

text: towards

text: Sunbury

text: and

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: the

text: Macedon

text: Ranges

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: flat

text: volcanic

text: plain

text: country

text: towards

text: Melton

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Werribee

text: at

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: the

text: You

text: Yangs

text: granite

text: ridge

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: CBD

text: The

text: Little

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: township

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: marks

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: Geelong

text: city

question: Which body of water and township of the same name marks the border between Melbourne and Geelong?

answer: Little River

text: Little River

question: Little River marks the boundary between Melbourne and which city?

answer: Geelong

text: Geelong

question: Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne


text: With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of 4 to 6 years of "apprenticeship".

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: With

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: abolitionist

text: movement

text: Parliament

text: enacted

text: the

text: Slave

text: Trade

text: Act

text: in

text: which

text: abolished

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: empire

text: In

text: Sierra

text: Leone

text: was

text: designated

text: an

text: official

text: British

text: colony

text: for

text: freed

text: slaves

text: The

text: Slavery

text: Abolition

text: Act

text: passed

text: in

text: abolished

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: on

text: August

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: St.

text: Helena

text: Ceylon

text: and

text: the

text: territories

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: though

text: these

text: exclusions

text: were

text: later

text: repealed

text: Under

text: the

text: Act

text: slaves

text: were

text: granted

text: full

text: emancipation

text: after

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: to

text: years

text: of

text: apprenticeship

question: When was the Slave Trade Act enacted?

answer: 1807

question: What abolished the British slave trade?

answer: the Slave Trade Act

text: the Slave Trade Act

question: Which colony was the official British colony for freed slaves?

answer: Sierra Leone

text: Sierra Leone

question: What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire?

answer: The Slavery Abolition Act

text: The Slavery Abolition Act

question: How long of an 'apprenticeship' did slaves need to have before being fully freed?

answer: 4 to 6 years

text: 4 to 6 years


text: The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, broadcast live in front of a US television audience. It was a monumental failure, exploding a few seconds after launch, and it became an international joke. The satellite appeared in newspapers under the names Flopnik, Stayputnik, Kaputnik, and Dudnik. In the United Nations, the Russian delegate offered the U.S. representative aid "under the Soviet program of technical assistance to backwards nations." Only in the wake of this very public failure did von Braun's Redstone team get the go-ahead to launch their Jupiter-C rocket as soon as they could. In Britain, the USA's Western Cold War ally, the reaction was mixed: some members of the population celebrated the fact that the Soviets had reached space first, while others feared the destructive potential that military uses of spacecraft might bring.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: Soviet

text: success

text: caused

text: public

text: controversy

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: ordered

text: the

text: civilian

text: rocket

text: and

text: satellite

text: project

text: Vanguard

text: to

text: move

text: up

text: its

text: timetable

text: and

text: launch

text: its

text: satellite

text: much

text: sooner

text: than

text: originally

text: planned

text: The

text: December

text: Project

text: Vanguard

text: launch

text: failure

text: occurred

text: at

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: Air

text: Force

text: Station

text: in

text: Florida

text: broadcast

text: live

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: a

text: US

text: television

text: audience

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: monumental

text: failure

text: exploding

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: after

text: launch

text: and

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: international

text: joke

text: The

text: satellite

text: appeared

text: in

text: newspapers

text: under

text: the

text: names

text: Flopnik

text: Stayputnik

text: Kaputnik

text: and

text: Dudnik

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: the

text: Russian

text: delegate

text: offered

text: the

text: U.S.

text: representative

text: aid

text: under

text: the

text: Soviet

text: program

text: of

text: technical

text: assistance

text: to

text: backwards

text: nations

text: Only

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: this

text: very

text: public

text: failure

text: did

text: von

text: Braun

text: 's

text: Redstone

text: team

text: get

text: the

text: go

text: ahead

text: to

text: launch

text: their

text: Jupiter

text: C

text: rocket

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: they

text: could

text: In

text: Britain

text: the

text: USA

text: 's

text: Western

text: Cold

text: War

text: ally

text: the

text: reaction

text: was

text: mixed

text: some

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: celebrated

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Soviets

text: had

text: reached

text: space

text: first

text: while

text: others

text: feared

text: the

text: destructive

text: potential

text: that

text: military

text: uses

text: of

text: spacecraft

text: might

text: bring

question: The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?

answer: Vanguard

text: Vanguard

question: Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?

answer: December 6, 195

text: December 6, 195

question: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?

answer: Florida

text: Florida

question: in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?

answer: Jupiter-C rocket

text: Jupiter-C rocket


text: The radiation pattern of an antenna is a plot of the relative field strength of the radio waves emitted by the antenna at different angles. It is typically represented by a three-dimensional graph, or polar plots of the horizontal and vertical cross sections. The pattern of an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates equally in all directions, would look like a sphere. Many nondirectional antennas, such as monopoles and dipoles, emit equal power in all horizontal directions, with the power dropping off at higher and lower angles; this is called an omnidirectional pattern and when plotted looks like a torus or donut.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: is

text: a

text: plot

text: of

text: the

text: relative

text: field

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: waves

text: emitted

text: by

text: the

text: antenna

text: at

text: different

text: angles

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: represented

text: by

text: a

text: three

text: dimensional

text: graph

text: or

text: polar

text: plots

text: of

text: the

text: horizontal

text: and

text: vertical

text: cross

text: sections

text: The

text: pattern

text: of

text: an

text: ideal

text: isotropic

text: antenna

text: which

text: radiates

text: equally

text: in

text: all

text: directions

text: would

text: look

text: like

text: a

text: sphere

text: Many

text: nondirectional

text: antennas

text: such

text: as

text: monopoles

text: and

text: dipoles

text: emit

text: equal

text: power

text: in

text: all

text: horizontal

text: directions

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: dropping

text: off

text: at

text: higher

text: and

text: lower

text: angles

text: this

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: omnidirectional

text: pattern

text: and

text: when

text: plotted

text: looks

text: like

text: a

text: torus

text: or

text: donut

question: A plot of the radiation behaviors of an antenna would show what?

answer: relative field strength

text: relative field strength

question: What type of pictoral aid is often used to show this?

answer: three-dimensional graph

text: three-dimensional graph

question: A sphere shows what type of antennas radiation?

answer: isotropic

text: isotropic

question: Dipoles are considered to be what antenna type?

answer: nondirectional

text: nondirectional

question: What would an omnidirectional antenna look like if plotted?

answer: donut

text: donut


text: KU football dates from 1890, and has played in the Orange Bowl three times: 1948, 1968, and 2008. They are currently coached by David Beaty, who was hired in 2014. In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies. This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history, in which the Jayhawks went 12–1 (.923). The team plays at Memorial Stadium, which recently underwent a $31 million renovation to add the Anderson Family Football Complex, adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field, weight room, and new locker room.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: KU

text: football

text: dates

text: from

text: and

text: has

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: Orange

text: Bowl

text: three

text: times

text: and

text: They

text: are

text: currently

text: coached

text: by

text: David

text: Beaty

text: who

text: was

text: hired

text: in

text: In

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Mark

text: Mangino

text: the

text: Jayhawks

text: emerged

text: victorious

text: in

text: their

text: first

text: BCS

text: bowl

text: game

text: the

text: FedEx

text: Orange

text: Bowl

text: with

text: a

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Tech

text: Hokies

text: This

text: capstone

text: victory

text: marked

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: season

text: in

text: school

text: history

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Jayhawks

text: went

text: The

text: team

text: plays

text: at

text: Memorial

text: Stadium

text: which

text: recently

text: underwent

text: a

text: million

text: renovation

text: to

text: add

text: the

text: Anderson

text: Family

text: Football

text: Complex

text: adding

text: a

text: football

text: practice

text: facility

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: stadium

text: complete

text: with

text: indoor

text: partial

text: practice

text: field

text: weight

text: room

text: and

text: new

text: locker

text: room

question: When did KU start fielding a football team?

answer: 1890

question: How many times has the team from the University of Kansas appeared in the Orange Bowl?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who is the current head of KU's football program?

answer: David Beaty

text: David Beaty

question: Who did KU defeat in the 2008 Orange Bowl?

answer: Virginia Tech Hokies

text: Virginia Tech Hokies

question: What is the name of the facility that the KU football team plays in?

answer: Memorial Stadium

text: Memorial Stadium


text: Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving him through the Holy Spirit, and she responded, "I am the handmaid of the Lord. Let it be done unto me according to your word." After a number of months, when Joseph was told of her conception in a dream by "an angel of the Lord", he planned to divorce her; but the angel told him to not hesitate to take her as his wife, which Joseph did, thereby formally completing the wedding rites.[Mt 1:18-25]

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Mary

text: resided

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: in

text: Nazareth

text: in

text: Galilee

text: possibly

text: with

text: her

text: parents

text: and

text: during

text: her

text: betrothal

text: the

text: first

text: stage

text: of

text: a

text: Jewish

text: marriage

text: the

text: angel

text: Gabriel

text: announced

text: to

text: her

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: the

text: promised

text: Messiah

text: by

text: conceiving

text: him

text: through

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: and

text: she

text: responded

text: I

text: am

text: the

text: handmaid

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: Let

text: it

text: be

text: done

text: unto

text: me

text: according

text: to

text: your

text: word

text: After

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: months

text: when

text: Joseph

text: was

text: told

text: of

text: her

text: conception

text: in

text: a

text: dream

text: by

text: an

text: angel

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: he

text: planned

text: to

text: divorce

text: her

text: but

text: the

text: angel

text: told

text: him

text: to

text: not

text: hesitate

text: to

text: take

text: her

text: as

text: his

text: wife

text: which

text: Joseph

text: did

text: thereby

text: formally

text: completing

text: the

text: wedding

text: rites.[Mt

question: What is the first stage of Jewish marriage?

answer: betrothal

text: betrothal

question: Which angel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of the Messiah?

answer: Gabriel

text: Gabriel

question: What did Joseph plan to do when told of Mary's coneption in a dream?

answer: divorce her

text: divorce her

question: Where did Mary live when she was visited by the angel Gabriel?

answer: in Nazareth in Galilee

text: in Nazareth in Galilee

question: In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception?

answer: an angel of the Lord

text: an angel of the Lord


text: In 2006, a study by Behar et al., based on what was at that time high-resolution analysis of haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", that were "likely from a Hebrew/Levantine mtDNA pool" originating in the Middle East in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Additionally, Behar et al. suggested that the rest of Ashkenazi mtDNA is originated from ~150 women, and that most of those were also likely of Middle Eastern origin. In reference specifically to Haplogroup K, they suggested that although it is common throughout western Eurasia, "the observed global pattern of distribution renders very unlikely the possibility that the four aforementioned founder lineages entered the Ashkenazi mtDNA pool via gene flow from a European host population".

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: Behar

text: et

text: al

text: based

text: on

text: what

text: was

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: high

text: resolution

text: analysis

text: of

text: haplogroup

text: K

text: mtDNA

text: suggested

text: that

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: Ashkenazi

text: population

text: is

text: descended

text: matrilineally

text: from

text: just

text: four

text: women

text: or

text: founder

text: lineages

text: that

text: were

text: likely

text: from

text: a

text: Hebrew

text: Levantine

text: mtDNA

text: pool

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: CE

text: Additionally

text: Behar

text: et

text: al

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: mtDNA

text: is

text: originated

text: from

text: women

text: and

text: that

text: most

text: of

text: those

text: were

text: also

text: likely

text: of

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: origin

text: In

text: reference

text: specifically

text: to

text: Haplogroup

text: K

text: they

text: suggested

text: that

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: throughout

text: western

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: observed

text: global

text: pattern

text: of

text: distribution

text: renders

text: very

text: unlikely

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: the

text: four

text: aforementioned

text: founder

text: lineages

text: entered

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: mtDNA

text: pool

text: via

text: gene

text: flow

text: from

text: a

text: European

text: host

text: population

question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that what percentage of the current Ashkenazi population was descended from "founder lineages"?

answer: 40%

question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from how many women?

answer: from just four women

text: from just four women

question: The women that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended from are also known as what?

answer: founder lineages

text: founder lineages

question: The founder lineages were likely from what type of mtDNA pool?

answer: Hebrew/Levantine

text: Hebrew/Levantine


text: Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries the main effort has tended to be 'homeland defence'. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defence is an extension of air defence as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Anti

text: aircraft

text: warfare

text: or

text: counter

text: air

text: defence

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: NATO

text: as

text: all

text: measures

text: designed

text: to

text: nullify

text: or

text: reduce

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: hostile

text: air

text: action

text: They

text: include

text: ground

text: and

text: air

text: based

text: weapon

text: systems

text: associated

text: sensor

text: systems

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: arrangements

text: and

text: passive

text: measures

text: e.g.

text: barrage

text: balloons

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: protect

text: naval

text: ground

text: and

text: air

text: forces

text: in

text: any

text: location

text: However

text: for

text: most

text: countries

text: the

text: main

text: effort

text: has

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: homeland

text: defence

text: NATO

text: refers

text: to

text: airborne

text: air

text: defence

text: as

text: counter

text: air

text: and

text: naval

text: air

text: defence

text: as

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: warfare

text: Missile

text: defence

text: is

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: air

text: defence

text: as

text: are

text: initiatives

text: to

text: adapt

text: air

text: defence

text: to

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: intercepting

text: any

text: projectile

text: in

text: flight

question: What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare?

answer: counter-air defence

text: counter-air defence

question: NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what?

answer: the effectiveness of hostile air action

text: the effectiveness of hostile air action

question: Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system?

answer: passive measures

text: passive measures

question: What is the primary effort been for most countries when it comes to anti-aircraft warfare?

answer: homeland defence

text: homeland defence

question: What does NATO ascribe naval air defence as?

answer: anti-aircraft warfare

text: anti-aircraft warfare


text: In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scarcely 54% of the loans met their originators’ underwriting standards. The analysis (conducted on behalf of 23 investment and commercial banks, including 7 "too big to fail" banks) additionally showed that 28% of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer. Clayton's analysis further showed that 39% of these loans (i.e. those not meeting any issuer's minimal underwriting standards) were subsequently securitized and sold to investors.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: separate

text: testimony

text: to

text: Financial

text: Crisis

text: Inquiry

text: Commission

text: officers

text: of

text: Clayton

text: Holdings

text: the

text: largest

text: residential

text: loan

text: due

text: diligence

text: and

text: securitization

text: surveillance

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Europe

text: testified

text: that

text: Clayton

text: 's

text: review

text: of

text: over

text: mortgages

text: issued

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: June

text: revealed

text: that

text: scarcely

text: of

text: the

text: loans

text: met

text: their

text: originators’

text: underwriting

text: standards

text: The

text: analysis

text: conducted

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: investment

text: and

text: commercial

text: banks

text: including

text: too

text: big

text: to

text: fail

text: banks

text: additionally

text: showed

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: sampled

text: loans

text: did

text: not

text: meet

text: the

text: minimal

text: standards

text: of

text: any

text: issuer

text: Clayton

text: 's

text: analysis

text: further

text: showed

text: that

text: of

text: these

text: loans

text: i.e.

text: those

text: not

text: meeting

text: any

text: issuer

text: 's

text: minimal

text: underwriting

text: standards

text: were

text: subsequently

text: securitized

text: and

text: sold

text: to

text: investors

question: Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?

answer: Clayton Holdings

text: Clayton Holdings

question: According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards?

answer: 54%

question: How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans?

answer: 23

question: Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer?

answer: 28%

question: How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis?

answer: 900,000


text: Thermally, a temperate glacier is at melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base. The ice of a polar glacier is always below freezing point from the surface to its base, although the surface snowpack may experience seasonal melting. A sub-polar glacier includes both temperate and polar ice, depending on depth beneath the surface and position along the length of the glacier. In a similar way, the thermal regime of a glacier is often described by the temperature at its base alone. A cold-based glacier is below freezing at the ice-ground interface, and is thus frozen to the underlying substrate. A warm-based glacier is above or at freezing at the interface, and is able to slide at this contact. This contrast is thought to a large extent to govern the ability of a glacier to effectively erode its bed, as sliding ice promotes plucking at rock from the surface below. Glaciers which are partly cold-based and partly warm-based are known as polythermal.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: Thermally

text: a

text: temperate

text: glacier

text: is

text: at

text: melting

text: point

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: from

text: its

text: surface

text: to

text: its

text: base

text: The

text: ice

text: of

text: a

text: polar

text: glacier

text: is

text: always

text: below

text: freezing

text: point

text: from

text: the

text: surface

text: to

text: its

text: base

text: although

text: the

text: surface

text: snowpack

text: may

text: experience

text: seasonal

text: melting

text: A

text: sub

text: polar

text: glacier

text: includes

text: both

text: temperate

text: and

text: polar

text: ice

text: depending

text: on

text: depth

text: beneath

text: the

text: surface

text: and

text: position

text: along

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: glacier

text: In

text: a

text: similar

text: way

text: the

text: thermal

text: regime

text: of

text: a

text: glacier

text: is

text: often

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: temperature

text: at

text: its

text: base

text: alone

text: A

text: cold

text: based

text: glacier

text: is

text: below

text: freezing

text: at

text: the

text: ice

text: ground

text: interface

text: and

text: is

text: thus

text: frozen

text: to

text: the

text: underlying

text: substrate

text: A

text: warm

text: based

text: glacier

text: is

text: above

text: or

text: at

text: freezing

text: at

text: the

text: interface

text: and

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: slide

text: at

text: this

text: contact

text: This

text: contrast

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: extent

text: to

text: govern

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: a

text: glacier

text: to

text: effectively

text: erode

text: its

text: bed

text: as

text: sliding

text: ice

text: promotes

text: plucking

text: at

text: rock

text: from

text: the

text: surface

text: below

text: Glaciers

text: which

text: are

text: partly

text: cold

text: based

text: and

text: partly

text: warm

text: based

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: polythermal

question: From where is the temperature of a glacier measured?

answer: base alone

text: base alone

question: Which type of glacier is above or at freezing at it's interface and is able to slide?

answer: warm-based glacier

text: warm-based glacier

question: What temperature makes a glacier polythermal?

answer: partly cold-based and partly warm-based

text: partly cold-based and partly warm-based

question: What temperature determines a polar glacier?

answer: always below freezing point from the surface to its base

text: always below freezing point from the surface to its base

question: What temperature characteristic determines a temperate glacier?

answer: melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base

text: melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base


text: Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scientific theories are abstract in nature, and can be tested only indirectly, by reference to their implications. He also held that scientific theory, and human knowledge generally, is irreducibly conjectural or hypothetical, and is generated by the creative imagination to solve problems that have arisen in specific historico-cultural settings.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: critical

text: rationalism

text: to

text: describe

text: his

text: philosophy

text: Concerning

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: science

text: the

text: term

text: indicates

text: his

text: rejection

text: of

text: classical

text: empiricism

text: and

text: the

text: classical

text: observationalist

text: inductivist

text: account

text: of

text: science

text: that

text: had

text: grown

text: out

text: of

text: it

text: Popper

text: argued

text: strongly

text: against

text: the

text: latter

text: holding

text: that

text: scientific

text: theories

text: are

text: abstract

text: in

text: nature

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: tested

text: only

text: indirectly

text: by

text: reference

text: to

text: their

text: implications

text: He

text: also

text: held

text: that

text: scientific

text: theory

text: and

text: human

text: knowledge

text: generally

text: is

text: irreducibly

text: conjectural

text: or

text: hypothetical

text: and

text: is

text: generated

text: by

text: the

text: creative

text: imagination

text: to

text: solve

text: problems

text: that

text: have

text: arisen

text: in

text: specific

text: historico

text: cultural

text: settings

question: What term did Popper use for his philosophy?

answer: critical rationalism

text: critical rationalism

question: Which account of scientific method did Popper's repudiate?

answer: the classical observationalist-inductivist account

text: the classical observationalist-inductivist account

question: What was Popper's position on classical empiricism?

answer: rejection

text: rejection

question: According to Popper, what is the only way one can test scientific theories because they are necessarily abstract?

answer: indirectly

text: indirectly


text:
In an interrogative main clause the usual word order is: conjugated verb followed by subject; other verbs in final position: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?" (literally "Can you your pen not find?") "Can't you find your pen?"
In the Dutch equivalent of a wh-question the word order is: interrogative pronoun (or expression) + conjugated verb + subject; other verbs in final position: "Waarom kun jij je pen niet vinden?" ("Why can you your pen not find?") "Why can't you find your pen?""
In a tag question the word order is the same as in a declarative clause: "Jij kunt je pen niet vinden?" ("You can your pen not find?") "You can't find your pen?""
A subordinate clause does not change its word order: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden omdat het veel te donker is?" ("Can you your pen not find because it far too dark is?") "Can you not find your pen because it's too dark?""

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: In

text: an

text: interrogative

text: main

text: clause

text: the

text: usual

text: word

text: order

text: is

text: conjugated

text: verb

text: followed

text: by

text: subject

text: other

text: verbs

text: in

text: final

text: position

text: Kun

text: jij

text: je

text: pen

text: niet

text: vinden

text: literally

text: Can

text: you

text: your

text: pen

text: not

text: find

text: Ca

text: n't

text: you

text: find

text: your

text: pen

text: In

text: the

text: Dutch

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: wh

text: question

text: the

text: word

text: order

text: is

text: interrogative

text: pronoun

text: or

text: expression

text: conjugated

text: verb

text: subject

text: other

text: verbs

text: in

text: final

text: position

text: Waarom

text: kun

text: jij

text: je

text: pen

text: niet

text: vinden

text: Why

text: can

text: you

text: your

text: pen

text: not

text: find

text: Why

text: ca

text: n't

text: you

text: find

text: your

text: pen

text: In

text: a

text: tag

text: question

text: the

text: word

text: order

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: in

text: a

text: declarative

text: clause

text: Jij

text: kunt

text: je

text: pen

text: niet

text: vinden

text: You

text: can

text: your

text: pen

text: not

text: find

text: You

text: ca

text: n't

text: find

text: your

text: pen

text: A

text: subordinate

text: clause

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: its

text: word

text: order

text: Kun

text: jij

text: je

text: pen

text: niet

text: vinden

text: omdat

text: het

text: veel

text: te

text: donker

text: is

text: Can

text: you

text: your

text: pen

text: not

text: find

text: because

text: it

text: far

text: too

text: dark

text: is

text: Can

text: you

text: not

text: find

text: your

text: pen

text: because

text: it

text: 's

text: too

text: dark

question: In what type of Dutch clause does the subject usually follow the conjugated verb?

answer: interrogative main clause

text: interrogative main clause

question: What's the English type equivalent for the Dutch word order that is an interrogative pronoun/expression, then a verb followed by a subject?

answer: a wh-question

text: a wh-question

question: What type of clause has the same word order in Dutch as a tag question?

answer: declarative clause

text: declarative clause

question: What never changes in a subordinate clause in Dutch?

answer: word order

text: word order

question: What is the literal translation of the Dutch phrase, "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?"

answer: "Can you your pen not find?"

text: "Can you your pen not find?"


text: By this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count William Fermor. Both sides suffered heavy casualties – the Prussians 12,800, the Russians 18,000 – but the Russians withdrew, and Frederick claimed victory. In the undecided Battle of Tornow on 25 September, a Swedish army repulsed six assaults by a Prussian army but did not push on Berlin following the Battle of Fehrbellin.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: By

text: this

text: point

text: Frederick

text: was

text: increasingly

text: concerned

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: advance

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: marched

text: to

text: counter

text: it

text: Just

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Oder

text: in

text: Brandenburg

text: Neumark

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Zorndorf

text: now

text: Sarbinowo

text: Poland

text: a

text: Prussian

text: army

text: of

text: men

text: under

text: Frederick

text: on

text: Aug.

text: fought

text: a

text: Russian

text: army

text: of

text: commanded

text: by

text: Count

text: William

text: Fermor

text: Both

text: sides

text: suffered

text: heavy

text: casualties

text: the

text: Prussians

text: the

text: Russians

text: but

text: the

text: Russians

text: withdrew

text: and

text: Frederick

text: claimed

text: victory

text: In

text: the

text: undecided

text: Battle

text: of

text: Tornow

text: on

text: September

text: a

text: Swedish

text: army

text: repulsed

text: six

text: assaults

text: by

text: a

text: Prussian

text: army

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: push

text: on

text: Berlin

text: following

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Fehrbellin

question: How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?

answer: marched to counter it.

text: marched to counter it.

question: How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?

answer: 35,000 men

text: 35,000 men

question: How many Russians were in defense?

answer: Russian army of 43,000

text: Russian army of 43,000

question: Which army withdrew?

answer: the Russians withdrew

text: the Russians withdrew

question: What country was Prussia fighting on another front?

answer: Swedish

text: Swedish


text: During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony and only six weeks before the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse, Burmese. Police later discovered that the shots were blanks. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. The Queen's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised. From April to September 1982, the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son, Prince Andrew, who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War. On 9 July, the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard, she spoke to Fagan while he sat at the foot of her bed until assistance arrived seven minutes later. Though she hosted US President Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visited his Californian ranch in 1983, she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: During

text: the

text: Trooping

text: the

text: Colour

text: ceremony

text: and

text: only

text: six

text: weeks

text: before

text: the

text: wedding

text: of

text: Charles

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: and

text: Lady

text: Diana

text: Spencer

text: six

text: shots

text: were

text: fired

text: at

text: the

text: Queen

text: from

text: close

text: range

text: as

text: she

text: rode

text: down

text: The

text: Mall

text: on

text: her

text: horse

text: Burmese

text: Police

text: later

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: shots

text: were

text: blanks

text: The

text: old

text: assailant

text: Marcus

text: Sarjeant

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: five

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: and

text: released

text: after

text: three

text: The

text: Queen

text: 's

text: composure

text: and

text: skill

text: in

text: controlling

text: her

text: mount

text: were

text: widely

text: praised

text: From

text: April

text: to

text: September

text: the

text: Queen

text: remained

text: anxious

text: but

text: proud

text: of

text: her

text: son

text: Prince

text: Andrew

text: who

text: was

text: serving

text: with

text: British

text: forces

text: during

text: the

text: Falklands

text: War

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Queen

text: awoke

text: in

text: her

text: bedroom

text: at

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: to

text: find

text: an

text: intruder

text: Michael

text: Fagan

text: in

text: the

text: room

text: with

text: her

text: Remaining

text: calm

text: and

text: through

text: two

text: calls

text: to

text: the

text: Palace

text: police

text: switchboard

text: she

text: spoke

text: to

text: Fagan

text: while

text: he

text: sat

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: her

text: bed

text: until

text: assistance

text: arrived

text: seven

text: minutes

text: later

text: Though

text: she

text: hosted

text: US

text: President

text: Ronald

text: Reagan

text: at

text: Windsor

text: Castle

text: in

text: and

text: visited

text: his

text: Californian

text: ranch

text: in

text: she

text: was

text: angered

text: when

text: his

text: administration

text: ordered

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Grenada

text: one

text: of

text: her

text: Caribbean

text: realms

text: without

text: informing

text: her

question: During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen?

answer: Trooping the Colour

text: Trooping the Colour

question: Who was the assailant who shot at Queen Elizabeth?

answer: Marcus Sarjeant

text: Marcus Sarjeant

question: Which of Elizabeth's sons served in the Falklands War?

answer: Prince Andrew

text: Prince Andrew

question: Who was the intruder Elizabeth awoke to find in her bedroom?

answer: Michael Fagan

text: Michael Fagan

question: What island's invasion angered Elizabeth?

answer: Grenada

text: Grenada


text: Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral (1858) is in Stonehouse. The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade—it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800. The city also includes five Baptist churches, over twenty Methodist chapels, and thirteen Roman Catholic churches. In 1831 the first Brethren assembly in England, a movement of conservative non-denominational Evangelical Christians, was established in the city, so that Brethren are often called Plymouth Brethren, although the movement did not begin locally.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: has

text: about

text: churches

text: and

text: its

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: cathedral

text: is

text: in

text: Stonehouse

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: oldest

text: church

text: is

text: St

text: Andrew

text: 's

text: Anglican

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: Royal

text: Parade

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: parish

text: church

text: in

text: Devon

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: site

text: of

text: gathering

text: since

text: AD

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: includes

text: five

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: over

text: twenty

text: Methodist

text: chapels

text: and

text: thirteen

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: churches

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: Brethren

text: assembly

text: in

text: England

text: a

text: movement

text: of

text: conservative

text: non

text: denominational

text: Evangelical

text: Christians

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: so

text: that

text: Brethren

text: are

text: often

text: called

text: Plymouth

text: Brethren

text: although

text: the

text: movement

text: did

text: not

text: begin

text: locally

question: How many churches are present in Plymouth?

answer: 150

question: In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built?

answer: 1858

question: What is the name of the oldest church in Plymouth?

answer: St Andrew's

text: St Andrew's

question: What denomination does the oldest church in Plymouth belong to?

answer: Anglican

text: Anglican

question: How many Methodist houses of worship exist in Plymouth?

answer: over twenty

text: over twenty


text: By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or "doughboys" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offensives. The German Navy and home front then revolted and a new German government signed a conditional surrender, the Armistice, ending the war against the western front on November 11, 1918.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: By

text: summer

text: a

text: million

text: American

text: soldiers

text: or

text: doughboys

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: often

text: called

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Expeditionary

text: Forces

text: were

text: in

text: Europe

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: John

text: J.

text: Pershing

text: with

text: more

text: arriving

text: every

text: week

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: spring

text: offensive

text: exhausted

text: its

text: reserves

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: launch

text: new

text: offensives

text: The

text: German

text: Navy

text: and

text: home

text: front

text: then

text: revolted

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: German

text: government

text: signed

text: a

text: conditional

text: surrender

text: the

text: Armistice

text: ending

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: the

text: western

text: front

text: on

text: November

question: What was the name given to American soldiers in Europe in 1918?

answer: doughboys

text: doughboys

question: What was the official name of the American army that went to fight in Europe in 1918?

answer: American Expeditionary Forces

text: American Expeditionary Forces

question: Who had overall command of the American forces in Europe?

answer: John J. Pershing

text: John J. Pershing

question: When did fighting on the western front end?

answer: November 11, 1918

text: November 11, 1918

question: What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the western front?

answer: the Armistice

text: the Armistice


text: Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Changes

text: to

text: DST

text: rules

text: cause

text: problems

text: in

text: existing

text: computer

text: installations

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: change

text: to

text: DST

text: rules

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: required

text: many

text: computer

text: systems

text: to

text: be

text: upgraded

text: with

text: the

text: greatest

text: impact

text: on

text: email

text: and

text: calendaring

text: programs

text: the

text: upgrades

text: consumed

text: a

text: significant

text: effort

text: by

text: corporate

text: information

text: technologists

question: What can cause issues with installed computer systems?

answer: Changes to DST rules

text: Changes to DST rules

question: What year did DST rules change in North America?

answer: 2007

question: What did many existing computer systems that relied on time zones need because of the DST rule changes?

answer: upgrades

text: upgrades

question: In addition to calendaring programs, what kind of programs were most impacted by the changes?

answer: email

text: email

question: Which professionals bore the brunt of the effort to upgrade systems affected by time changes?

answer: corporate information technologists

text: corporate information technologists


text: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public. Discontent with the monarchy reached its peak on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, though Elizabeth's personal popularity and support for the monarchy rebounded after her live television broadcast to the world five days after Diana's death.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: At

text: her

text: Silver

text: Jubilee

text: in

text: the

text: crowds

text: and

text: celebrations

text: were

text: genuinely

text: enthusiastic

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: increased

text: as

text: the

text: personal

text: and

text: working

text: lives

text: of

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: children

text: came

text: under

text: media

text: scrutiny

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: popularity

text: sank

text: to

text: a

text: low

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: Under

text: pressure

text: from

text: public

text: opinion

text: she

text: began

text: to

text: pay

text: income

text: tax

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: and

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: was

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: Discontent

text: with

text: the

text: monarchy

text: reached

text: its

text: peak

text: on

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Diana

text: Princess

text: of

text: Wales

text: though

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: personal

text: popularity

text: and

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: monarchy

text: rebounded

text: after

text: her

text: live

text: television

text: broadcast

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: five

text: days

text: after

text: Diana

text: 's

text: death

question: When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee?

answer: 1977

question: What increased in the 1980s?

answer: public criticism

text: public criticism

question: What was the main subject of public criticism in the 80's?

answer: royal family

text: royal family

question: What attribute of Elizabeth fell to  low in the 1990s?

answer: popularity

text: popularity

question: What did Elizabeth start paying in the 1990 s?

answer: income tax

text: income tax


text: Superscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously. Graphics processors and computers with SIMD and MIMD features often contain ALUs that can perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Superscalar

text: computers

text: may

text: contain

text: multiple

text: ALUs

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: process

text: several

text: instructions

text: simultaneously

text: Graphics

text: processors

text: and

text: computers

text: with

text: SIMD

text: and

text: MIMD

text: features

text: often

text: contain

text: ALUs

text: that

text: can

text: perform

text: arithmetic

text: on

text: vectors

text: and

text: matrices

question: Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what?

answer: Superscalar

text: Superscalar


text: The earliest known avialan fossils come from the Tiaojishan Formation of China, which has been dated to the late Jurassic period (Oxfordian stage), about 160 million years ago. The avialan species from this time period include Anchiornis huxleyi, Xiaotingia zhengi, and Aurornis xui. The well-known early avialan, Archaeopteryx, dates from slightly later Jurassic rocks (about 155 million years old) from Germany. Many of these early avialans shared unusual anatomical features that may be ancestral to modern birds, but were later lost during bird evolution. These features include enlarged claws on the second toe which may have been held clear of the ground in life, and long feathers or "hind wings" covering the hind limbs and feet, which may have been used in aerial maneuvering.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: avialan

text: fossils

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Tiaojishan

text: Formation

text: of

text: China

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: Jurassic

text: period

text: Oxfordian

text: stage

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: avialan

text: species

text: from

text: this

text: time

text: period

text: include

text: Anchiornis

text: huxleyi

text: Xiaotingia

text: zhengi

text: and

text: Aurornis

text: xui

text: The

text: well

text: known

text: early

text: avialan

text: Archaeopteryx

text: dates

text: from

text: slightly

text: later

text: Jurassic

text: rocks

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: old

text: from

text: Germany

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: early

text: avialans

text: shared

text: unusual

text: anatomical

text: features

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: ancestral

text: to

text: modern

text: birds

text: but

text: were

text: later

text: lost

text: during

text: bird

text: evolution

text: These

text: features

text: include

text: enlarged

text: claws

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: toe

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: held

text: clear

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: in

text: life

text: and

text: long

text: feathers

text: or

text: hind

text: wings

text: covering

text: the

text: hind

text: limbs

text: and

text: feet

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: aerial

text: maneuvering

question: The Oxfordian stage is also known as what?

answer: late Jurassic period

text: late Jurassic period

question: How long ago was the late Jurassic period?

answer: about 160 million years ago

text: about 160 million years ago

question: What may have been used in aerial maneuvering?

answer: hind wings

text: hind wings

question: Avian species such as Anchiornis huxleyi and Xiaotingia zhengi are from which time period?

answer: late Jurassic period

text: late Jurassic period


text: Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds (i.e. where two continental divides intersect). Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. The watersheds divide at Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: contains

text: thousands

text: of

text: named

text: rivers

text: and

text: creeks

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: blue

text: ribbon

text: trout

text: fishing

text: Montana

text: 's

text: water

text: resources

text: provide

text: for

text: recreation

text: hydropower

text: crop

text: and

text: forage

text: irrigation

text: mining

text: and

text: water

text: for

text: human

text: consumption

text: Montana

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: few

text: geographic

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: whose

text: rivers

text: form

text: parts

text: of

text: three

text: major

text: watersheds

text: i.e.

text: where

text: two

text: continental

text: divides

text: intersect

text: Its

text: rivers

text: feed

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Hudson

text: Bay

text: The

text: watersheds

text: divide

text: at

text: Triple

text: Divide

text: Peak

text: in

text: Glacier

text: National

text: Park

question: How many miles of rivers are known for high class trout?

answer: 450

question: What Bay do rivers from Montana feed?

answer: Hudson Bay

text: Hudson Bay

question: Where do the watersheds divide at?

answer: Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.

text: Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.

question: What ocean do rivers flow into from Montana?

answer: Pacific Ocean

text: Pacific Ocean


text: If a heavy piece of pine is compared with a lightweight piece it will be seen at once that the heavier one contains a larger proportion of latewood than the other, and is therefore showing more clearly demarcated growth rings. In white pines there is not much contrast between the different parts of the ring, and as a result the wood is very uniform in texture and is easy to work. In hard pines, on the other hand, the latewood is very dense and is deep-colored, presenting a very decided contrast to the soft, straw-colored earlywood.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: If

text: a

text: heavy

text: piece

text: of

text: pine

text: is

text: compared

text: with

text: a

text: lightweight

text: piece

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: seen

text: at

text: once

text: that

text: the

text: heavier

text: one

text: contains

text: a

text: larger

text: proportion

text: of

text: latewood

text: than

text: the

text: other

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: showing

text: more

text: clearly

text: demarcated

text: growth

text: rings

text: In

text: white

text: pines

text: there

text: is

text: not

text: much

text: contrast

text: between

text: the

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: wood

text: is

text: very

text: uniform

text: in

text: texture

text: and

text: is

text: easy

text: to

text: work

text: In

text: hard

text: pines

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: latewood

text: is

text: very

text: dense

text: and

text: is

text: deep

text: colored

text: presenting

text: a

text: very

text: decided

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: soft

text: straw

text: colored

text: earlywood

question: Comparing a heavy and a lightweight piece of wood from a pine, which would have a greater proportion of latewood?

answer: heavy

text: heavy

question: What feature of a piece of pine with more latewood would be more clear and pronounced?

answer: growth rings

text: growth rings

question: What type of tree has very little contrast between parts of its growth rings?

answer: white pines

text: white pines

question: Is white pine easy or difficult to work with because of its texture?

answer: easy

text: easy

question: What kind of pines have very deep, darkly colored hardwood that stands out against the light earlywood?

answer: hard pines

text: hard pines


text: When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired following the video game crash of 1983. One result of this philosophy was to disguise the cartridge slot design as a front-loading zero insertion force (ZIF) cartridge socket, designed to resemble the front-loading mechanism of a VCR. The newly designed connector worked quite well when both the connector and the cartridges were clean and the pins on the connector were new. Unfortunately, the ZIF connector was not truly zero insertion force. When a user inserted the cartridge into the NES, the force of pressing the cartridge down and into place bent the contact pins slightly, as well as pressing the cartridge’s ROM board back into the cartridge itself. Frequent insertion and removal of cartridges caused the pins to wear out from repeated usage over the years and the ZIF design proved more prone to interference by dirt and dust than an industry-standard card edge connector. These design issues were not alleviated by Nintendo’s choice of materials; the console slot nickel connector springs would wear due to design and the game cartridge copper connectors were also prone to tarnishing. Many players would try to alleviate issues in the game caused by this corrosion by blowing into the cartridges, then reinserting them, which actually hurt the copper connectors by speeding up the tarnishing.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: When

text: Nintendo

text: released

text: the

text: NES

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: the

text: design

text: styling

text: was

text: deliberately

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: other

text: game

text: consoles

text: Nintendo

text: wanted

text: to

text: distinguish

text: its

text: product

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: competitors

text: and

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: generally

text: poor

text: reputation

text: that

text: game

text: consoles

text: had

text: acquired

text: following

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: crash

text: of

text: One

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: philosophy

text: was

text: to

text: disguise

text: the

text: cartridge

text: slot

text: design

text: as

text: a

text: front

text: loading

text: zero

text: insertion

text: force

text: ZIF

text: cartridge

text: socket

text: designed

text: to

text: resemble

text: the

text: front

text: loading

text: mechanism

text: of

text: a

text: VCR

text: The

text: newly

text: designed

text: connector

text: worked

text: quite

text: well

text: when

text: both

text: the

text: connector

text: and

text: the

text: cartridges

text: were

text: clean

text: and

text: the

text: pins

text: on

text: the

text: connector

text: were

text: new

text: Unfortunately

text: the

text: ZIF

text: connector

text: was

text: not

text: truly

text: zero

text: insertion

text: force

text: When

text: a

text: user

text: inserted

text: the

text: cartridge

text: into

text: the

text: NES

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: pressing

text: the

text: cartridge

text: down

text: and

text: into

text: place

text: bent

text: the

text: contact

text: pins

text: slightly

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: pressing

text: the

text: cartridge

text: ’s

text: ROM

text: board

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: cartridge

text: itself

text: Frequent

text: insertion

text: and

text: removal

text: of

text: cartridges

text: caused

text: the

text: pins

text: to

text: wear

text: out

text: from

text: repeated

text: usage

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: and

text: the

text: ZIF

text: design

text: proved

text: more

text: prone

text: to

text: interference

text: by

text: dirt

text: and

text: dust

text: than

text: an

text: industry

text: standard

text: card

text: edge

text: connector

text: These

text: design

text: issues

text: were

text: not

text: alleviated

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: ’s

text: choice

text: of

text: materials

text: the

text: console

text: slot

text: nickel

text: connector

text: springs

text: would

text: wear

text: due

text: to

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: game

text: cartridge

text: copper

text: connectors

text: were

text: also

text: prone

text: to

text: tarnishing

text: Many

text: players

text: would

text: try

text: to

text: alleviate

text: issues

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: caused

text: by

text: this

text: corrosion

text: by

text: blowing

text: into

text: the

text: cartridges

text: then

text: reinserting

text: them

text: which

text: actually

text: hurt

text: the

text: copper

text: connectors

text: by

text: speeding

text: up

text: the

text: tarnishing

question: What does ZIF stand for?

answer: zero insertion force

text: zero insertion force

question: The ZIF insertion used by Nintendo was set to emulate what device?

answer: VCR

text: VCR

question: The force of pushing in the cartridge did what to the device over eventual use?

answer: bent the contact pins slightly

text: bent the contact pins slightly

question: What material were the connector springs made of?

answer: nickel

text: nickel

question: What material comprised the game cartridge connectors?

answer: copper

text: copper