text: A number of novel ideas about religion developed with the Enlightenment, including Deism and talk of atheism. Deism, according to Thomas Paine, is the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source. Instead, the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time. Atheism was much discussed, but there were few proponents. Wilson and Reill note that, "In fact, very few enlightened intellectuals, even when they were vocal critics of Christianity, were true atheists. Rather, they were critics of orthodox belief, wedded rather to skepticism, deism, vitalism, or perhaps pantheism." Some followed Pierre Bayle and argued that atheists could indeed be moral men. Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined. That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society. Bayle (1647–1706) observed that in his day, "prudent persons will always maintain an appearance of [religion].". He believed that even atheists could hold concepts of honor and go beyond their own self-interest to create and interact in society. Locke said that if there were no God and no divine law, the result would be moral anarchy: every individual "could have no law but his own will, no end but himself. He would be a god to himself, and the satisfaction of his own will the sole measure and end of all his actions".

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: novel

text: ideas

text: about

text: religion

text: developed

text: with

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: including

text: Deism

text: and

text: talk

text: of

text: atheism

text: Deism

text: according

text: to

text: Thomas

text: Paine

text: is

text: the

text: simple

text: belief

text: in

text: God

text: the

text: Creator

text: with

text: no

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: Bible

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: miraculous

text: source

text: Instead

text: the

text: Deist

text: relies

text: solely

text: on

text: personal

text: reason

text: to

text: guide

text: his

text: creed

text: which

text: was

text: eminently

text: agreeable

text: to

text: many

text: thinkers

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Atheism

text: was

text: much

text: discussed

text: but

text: there

text: were

text: few

text: proponents

text: Wilson

text: and

text: Reill

text: note

text: that

text: In

text: fact

text: very

text: few

text: enlightened

text: intellectuals

text: even

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: vocal

text: critics

text: of

text: Christianity

text: were

text: true

text: atheists

text: Rather

text: they

text: were

text: critics

text: of

text: orthodox

text: belief

text: wedded

text: rather

text: to

text: skepticism

text: deism

text: vitalism

text: or

text: perhaps

text: pantheism

text: Some

text: followed

text: Pierre

text: Bayle

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: atheists

text: could

text: indeed

text: be

text: moral

text: men

text: Many

text: others

text: like

text: Voltaire

text: held

text: that

text: without

text: belief

text: in

text: a

text: God

text: who

text: punishes

text: evil

text: the

text: moral

text: order

text: of

text: society

text: was

text: undermined

text: That

text: is

text: since

text: atheists

text: gave

text: themselves

text: to

text: no

text: Supreme

text: Authority

text: and

text: no

text: law

text: and

text: had

text: no

text: fear

text: of

text: eternal

text: consequences

text: they

text: were

text: far

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: disrupt

text: society

text: Bayle

text: observed

text: that

text: in

text: his

text: day

text: prudent

text: persons

text: will

text: always

text: maintain

text: an

text: appearance

text: of

text: religion

text: He

text: believed

text: that

text: even

text: atheists

text: could

text: hold

text: concepts

text: of

text: honor

text: and

text: go

text: beyond

text: their

text: own

text: self

text: interest

text: to

text: create

text: and

text: interact

text: in

text: society

text: Locke

text: said

text: that

text: if

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: God

text: and

text: no

text: divine

text: law

text: the

text: result

text: would

text: be

text: moral

text: anarchy

text: every

text: individual

text: could

text: have

text: no

text: law

text: but

text: his

text: own

text: will

text: no

text: end

text: but

text: himself

text: He

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: god

text: to

text: himself

text: and

text: the

text: satisfaction

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: will

text: the

text: sole

text: measure

text: and

text: end

text: of

text: all

text: his

text: actions

question: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?

answer: the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source

text: the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source

question: Which philosopher argued that atheists could indeed be moral men?

answer: Pierre Bayle

text: Pierre Bayle

question: Which philosopher argued that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined?

answer: Voltaire

text: Voltaire

question: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?

answer: Voltaire

text: Voltaire


text: The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and Sundance Cinema. The Bayou Music Center stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. Space Center Houston is the official visitors' center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including moon rocks, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the Galleria (Texas's largest shopping mall, located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the Downtown Aquarium, and Sam Houston Race Park.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: The

text: Theater

text: District

text: is

text: a

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: downtown

text: Houston

text: that

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Bayou

text: Place

text: entertainment

text: complex

text: restaurants

text: movies

text: plazas

text: and

text: parks

text: Bayou

text: Place

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: multilevel

text: building

text: containing

text: full

text: service

text: restaurants

text: bars

text: live

text: music

text: billiards

text: and

text: Sundance

text: Cinema

text: The

text: Bayou

text: Music

text: Center

text: stages

text: live

text: concerts

text: stage

text: plays

text: and

text: stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: Houston

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: visitors

text: center

text: of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: Space

text: Center

text: The

text: Space

text: Center

text: has

text: many

text: interactive

text: exhibits

text: including

text: moon

text: rocks

text: a

text: shuttle

text: simulator

text: and

text: presentations

text: about

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: manned

text: space

text: flight

text: program

text: Other

text: tourist

text: attractions

text: include

text: the

text: Galleria

text: Texas

text: 's

text: largest

text: shopping

text: mall

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Uptown

text: District

text: Old

text: Market

text: Square

text: the

text: Downtown

text: Aquarium

text: and

text: Sam

text: Houston

text: Race

text: Park

question: How much area of downtown Houston does the Theater District cover?

answer: 17-block area

text: 17-block area

question: What place produces live concerts, plays and comedy?

answer: Bayou Music Center

text: Bayou Music Center

question: Where is Space Center Houston?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

text: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

question: What tourist offerings does the Space Center have?

answer: interactive exhibits

text: interactive exhibits

question: What is the Galleria the largest of in Texas?

answer: shopping mall

text: shopping mall


text: Bacteria can be grown in the laboratory on nutrient culture media, but viruses need living cells in which to replicate. Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine. A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg allergies are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available. Cell-based culture will also be useful in a pandemic when it may be difficult to acquire a sufficiently large quantity of suitable sterile, fertile eggs.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Bacteria

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: the

text: laboratory

text: on

text: nutrient

text: culture

text: media

text: but

text: viruses

text: need

text: living

text: cells

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: replicate

text: Many

text: vaccines

text: to

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: fertilised

text: chicken

text: eggs

text: Millions

text: of

text: eggs

text: are

text: used

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: generate

text: the

text: annual

text: flu

text: vaccine

text: requirements

text: a

text: complex

text: process

text: that

text: takes

text: about

text: six

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: decision

text: is

text: made

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: strains

text: of

text: virus

text: to

text: include

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: vaccine

text: A

text: problem

text: with

text: using

text: eggs

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: is

text: that

text: people

text: with

text: egg

text: allergies

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: be

text: immunised

text: but

text: this

text: disadvantage

text: may

text: be

text: overcome

text: as

text: new

text: techniques

text: for

text: cell

text: based

text: rather

text: than

text: egg

text: based

text: culture

text: become

text: available

text: Cell

text: based

text: culture

text: will

text: also

text: be

text: useful

text: in

text: a

text: pandemic

text: when

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: acquire

text: a

text: sufficiently

text: large

text: quantity

text: of

text: suitable

text: sterile

text: fertile

text: eggs

question: What are poultry eggs used for aside from consumption?

answer: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs.

text: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs.

question: What is the major difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines?

answer: egg allergies are unable to be immunised

text: egg allergies are unable to be immunised

question: How long does it take for the flu vaccine to be fully ready for deployment into the population ?

answer: process that takes about six months

text: process that takes about six months

question: In order to make a vaccine , what do viruses require that bacteria does not?

answer: viruses need living cells in which to replicate

text: viruses need living cells in which to replicate

question: What new technology is being used in teh vaccine making process that will make vaccines safer and eaier for most consumers?

answer: . Cell-based culture

text: . Cell-based culture


text: The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to Tsargrad (Constantinople). On their way south, they discovered "a small city on a hill," Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and "established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians."

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: three

text: brothers

text: Rurik

text: Sineus

text: and

text: Truvor

text: established

text: themselves

text: in

text: Novgorod

text: Beloozero

text: and

text: Izborsk

text: respectively

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: brothers

text: died

text: and

text: Rurik

text: became

text: the

text: sole

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: and

text: progenitor

text: of

text: the

text: Rurik

text: Dynasty

text: A

text: short

text: time

text: later

text: two

text: of

text: Rurik

text: ’s

text: men

text: Askold

text: and

text: Dir

text: asked

text: him

text: for

text: permission

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: Tsargrad

text: Constantinople

text: On

text: their

text: way

text: south

text: they

text: discovered

text: a

text: small

text: city

text: on

text: a

text: hill

text: Kiev

text: captured

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: country

text: from

text: the

text: Khazars

text: populated

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: more

text: Varangians

text: and

text: established

text: their

text: dominion

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Polyanians

question: What were the names of the three brothers that rulled Novgotod, Beloozero, and Izborsk?

answer: Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor

text: Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor

question: Whoch of the three brothers become the sole ruller over all three of the teritories?

answer: Rurik

text: Rurik

question: What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men?

answer: Kiev

text: Kiev


text: The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point. The highest elevation in the city is located directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of 8 Mile Road, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: city

text: slopes

text: gently

text: from

text: the

text: northwest

text: to

text: southeast

text: on

text: a

text: till

text: plain

text: composed

text: largely

text: of

text: glacial

text: and

text: lake

text: clay

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: topographical

text: feature

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Moraine

text: a

text: broad

text: clay

text: ridge

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: older

text: portions

text: of

text: Detroit

text: and

text: Windsor

text: sit

text: atop

text: rising

text: approximately

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: the

text: river

text: at

text: its

text: highest

text: point

text: The

text: highest

text: elevation

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: directly

text: north

text: of

text: Gorham

text: Playground

text: on

text: the

text: northwest

text: side

text: approximately

text: three

text: blocks

text: south

text: of

text: Mile

text: Road

text: at

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: to

text: feet

text: to

text: m

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: lowest

text: elevation

text: is

text: along

text: the

text: Detroit

text: River

text: at

text: a

text: surface

text: height

text: of

text: feet

text: m

question: What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit?

answer: Detroit Moraine

text: Detroit Moraine

question: How tall is the tallest point in Detroit?

answer: 675 to 680 feet

text: 675 to 680 feet

question: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?

answer: Detroit River

text: Detroit River

question: What material is the Detroit Moraine composed of?

answer: clay

text: clay


text: The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qurʼān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture). The latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a definite article (al-), the word is referred to as the "revelation" (waḥy), that which has been "sent down" (tanzīl) at intervals. Other related words are: dhikr (remembrance), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning, and ḥikmah (wisdom), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: term

text: also

text: has

text: closely

text: related

text: synonyms

text: that

text: are

text: employed

text: throughout

text: the

text: Quran

text: Each

text: synonym

text: possesses

text: its

text: own

text: distinct

text: meaning

text: but

text: its

text: use

text: may

text: converge

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: qurʼān

text: in

text: certain

text: contexts

text: Such

text: terms

text: include

text: kitāb

text: book

text: āyah

text: sign

text: and

text: sūrah

text: scripture

text: The

text: latter

text: two

text: terms

text: also

text: denote

text: units

text: of

text: revelation

text: In

text: the

text: large

text: majority

text: of

text: contexts

text: usually

text: with

text: a

text: definite

text: article

text: al-

text: the

text: word

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: revelation

text: waḥy

text: that

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: sent

text: down

text: tanzīl

text: at

text: intervals

text: Other

text: related

text: words

text: are

text: dhikr

text: remembrance

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: a

text: reminder

text: and

text: warning

text: and

text: ḥikmah

text: wisdom

text: sometimes

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: revelation

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: it

question: Which term used in the Quran to indicate itself means "book"?

answer: kitāb

text: kitāb

question: Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as "scripture"?

answer: sūrah

text: sūrah

question: What meaning does the Quran take when it calls itself hikmah?

answer: wisdom

text: wisdom

question: What name does the Quran use for itself that means "revelation"?

answer: waḥy

text: waḥy


text: At the airport, where records have been kept since 1930, the record maximum temperature was 117 °F (47 °C) on June 26, 1990, and the record minimum temperature was 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 4, 1949. There is an average of 145.0 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 16.9 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 53 days. The wettest year was 1983 with 21.86 in (555 mm) of precipitation, and the driest year was 1953 with 5.34 in (136 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 7.93 in (201 mm) in August 1955. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.93 in (100 mm) on July 29, 1958. Snow at the airport averages only 1.1 in (2.8 cm) annually. The most snow received in one year was 8.3 in (21 cm) and the most snow in one month was 6.8 in (17 cm) in December 1971.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: At

text: the

text: airport

text: where

text: records

text: have

text: been

text: kept

text: since

text: the

text: record

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: was

text: F

text: C

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: the

text: record

text: minimum

text: temperature

text: was

text: F

text: −9

text: C

text: on

text: January

text: There

text: is

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: days

text: annually

text: with

text: highs

text: of

text: F

text: C

text: or

text: higher

text: and

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: days

text: with

text: lows

text: reaching

text: or

text: below

text: the

text: freezing

text: mark

text: Measurable

text: precipitation

text: falls

text: on

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: days

text: The

text: wettest

text: year

text: was

text: with

text: in

text: mm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: and

text: the

text: driest

text: year

text: was

text: with

text: in

text: mm

text: The

text: most

text: rainfall

text: in

text: one

text: month

text: was

text: in

text: mm

text: in

text: August

text: The

text: most

text: rainfall

text: in

text: hours

text: was

text: in

text: mm

text: on

text: July

text: Snow

text: at

text: the

text: airport

text: averages

text: only

text: in

text: cm

text: annually

text: The

text: most

text: snow

text: received

text: in

text: one

text: year

text: was

text: in

text: cm

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: snow

text: in

text: one

text: month

text: was

text: in

text: cm

text: in

text: December

question: In what month did Tucson get the most rain?

answer: August 1955

text: August 1955

question: When did Tucson get the most rain in 24 hours?

answer: July 29, 1958

text: July 29, 1958

question: In what month did Tucson get the most snow?

answer: December 1971

text: December 1971

question: In what year did Tucson get the most rain?

answer: 1983

question: In what year did Tucson get the least rain?

answer: 1953


text: The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria, placed outside the main gates. George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties. He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919) – the first jazz performance for a head of state, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom. George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room. This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed specially by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: The

text: last

text: major

text: building

text: work

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: King

text: George

text: V

text: when

text: in

text: Sir

text: Aston

text: Webb

text: redesigned

text: Blore

text: 's

text: East

text: Front

text: to

text: resemble

text: in

text: part

text: Giacomo

text: Leoni

text: 's

text: Lyme

text: Park

text: in

text: Cheshire

text: This

text: new

text: refaced

text: principal

text: façade

text: of

text: Portland

text: stone

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: backdrop

text: to

text: the

text: Victoria

text: Memorial

text: a

text: large

text: memorial

text: statue

text: of

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: placed

text: outside

text: the

text: main

text: gates

text: George

text: V

text: who

text: had

text: succeeded

text: Edward

text: VII

text: in

text: had

text: a

text: more

text: serious

text: personality

text: than

text: his

text: father

text: greater

text: emphasis

text: was

text: now

text: placed

text: on

text: official

text: entertaining

text: and

text: royal

text: duties

text: than

text: on

text: lavish

text: parties

text: He

text: arranged

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: command

text: performances

text: featuring

text: jazz

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Original

text: Dixieland

text: Jazz

text: Band

text: the

text: first

text: jazz

text: performance

text: for

text: a

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: Sidney

text: Bechet

text: and

text: Louis

text: Armstrong

text: which

text: earned

text: the

text: palace

text: a

text: nomination

text: in

text: for

text: a

text: Kind

text: of

text: Blue

text: Plaque

text: by

text: the

text: Brecon

text: Jazz

text: Festival

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: venues

text: making

text: the

text: greatest

text: contribution

text: to

text: jazz

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: George

text: V

text: 's

text: wife

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: was

text: a

text: connoisseur

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: took

text: a

text: keen

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Collection

text: of

text: furniture

text: and

text: art

text: both

text: restoring

text: and

text: adding

text: to

text: it

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: also

text: had

text: many

text: new

text: fixtures

text: and

text: fittings

text: installed

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: pair

text: of

text: marble

text: Empire

text: style

text: chimneypieces

text: by

text: Benjamin

text: Vulliamy

text: dating

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: Queen

text: had

text: installed

text: in

text: the

text: ground

text: floor

text: Bow

text: Room

text: the

text: huge

text: low

text: room

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: garden

text: façade

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: was

text: also

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: Blue

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: This

text: room

text: feet

text: metres

text: long

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: South

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: has

text: a

text: ceiling

text: designed

text: specially

text: by

text: Nash

text: coffered

text: with

text: huge

text: gilt

text: console

text: brackets

question: Under whose reign did the last major building works take place?

answer: King George V

text: King George V

question: The principle facade of the East Front is made from what type of stone?

answer: Portland stone

text: Portland stone

question: Which king preferred official entertaining and royal duties to lavish parties?

answer: George V

text: George V

question: Who added and restored furniture to The Royal Collection?

answer: Queen Mary

text: Queen Mary

question: Who was responsible for decorating The Blue Drawing Room?

answer: Queen Mary

text: Queen Mary

question: Who redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front?

answer: Sir Aston Webb

text: Sir Aston Webb

question: The refaced facade was made from what type of stone?

answer: Portland stone

text: Portland stone

question: Which king placed more emphasis on official entertaining and royal duties instead of lavish parties?

answer: George V

text: George V

question: What collection did Queen Mary take an interest in by adding and restoring pieces?

answer: Royal Collection of furniture and art

text: Royal Collection of furniture and art

question: Who decorated the Blue Drawing Room?

answer: Queen Mary

text: Queen Mary


text: The city has several federal facilities, including the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building, the Thomas P. O'Neill Federal Building, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: several

text: federal

text: facilities

text: including

text: the

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: Federal

text: Office

text: Building

text: the

text: Thomas

text: P.

text: O'Neill

text: Federal

text: Building

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeals

text: for

text: the

text: First

text: Circuit

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Bank

text: of

text: Boston

question: Where is the John F kennedy Federal office building located?

answer: The city

text: The city

question: What court is located in Boston?

answer: the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

text: the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

question: What is the name of the famous bank located in Boston?

answer: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston

text: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston


text: In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in numerous other areas during Reconstruction. In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: In

text: blacks

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: of

text: Charleston

text: County

text: With

text: leadership

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: antebellum

text: free

text: black

text: community

text: historian

text: Melinda

text: Meeks

text: Hennessy

text: described

text: the

text: community

text: as

text: unique

text: in

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: defend

text: themselves

text: without

text: provoking

text: massive

text: white

text: retaliation

text: as

text: occurred

text: in

text: numerous

text: other

text: areas

text: during

text: Reconstruction

text: In

text: the

text: election

text: cycle

text: two

text: major

text: riots

text: between

text: black

text: Republicans

text: and

text: white

text: Democrats

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: the

text: election

text: in

text: November

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: violent

text: incident

text: in

text: Cainhoy

text: at

text: an

text: October

text: joint

text: discussion

text: meeting

question: What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1875?

answer: 57%

question: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?

answer: 73%

question: In 1876, Charleston's Black Republicans fought against whom?

answer: white Democrats

text: white Democrats

question: The second riot of 1876 happened when?

answer: the day after the election in November

text: the day after the election in November

question: How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1876?

answer: two

text: two


text: Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Both

text: finalists

text: found

text: success

text: after

text: the

text: show

text: but

text: Aiken

text: out

text: performed

text: Studdard

text: 's

text: coronation

text: song

text: Flying

text: Without

text: Wings

text: with

text: his

text: single

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: show

text: This

text: Is

text: the

text: Night

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: their

text: subsequent

text: album

text: releases

text: The

text: fourth

text: place

text: finisher

text: Josh

text: Gracin

text: also

text: enjoyed

text: some

text: success

text: as

text: a

text: country

text: singer

question: What is the first song that Ruben Studdard released after winning American Idol?

answer: Flying Without Wings

text: Flying Without Wings

question: What contestant came in fourth on season two of American Idol?

answer: Josh Gracin

text: Josh Gracin

question: What song did Clay Aiken first release after losing American Idol?

answer: This Is the Night

text: This Is the Night

question: What was the name of Studdard's coronation song?

answer: Flying Without Wings

text: Flying Without Wings

question: What was Aiken's single release named?

answer: This Is the Night

text: This Is the Night

question: Which of the final two had more success with his first album?

answer: Aiken

text: Aiken

question: Who finished fourth on season two?

answer: Josh Gracin

text: Josh Gracin


text: In Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Students take a range of Islamic Studies subjects in addition to mainstream MOE curriculum subjects and sit for the PSLE and GCE 'O' Levels like their peers. In 2009, MUIS introduced the "Joint Madrasah System" (JMS), a joint collaboration of Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah primary school and secondary schools Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah (offering the ukhrawi, or religious stream) and Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah (offering the academic stream). The JMS aims to introduce the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme into the Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah by 2019. Students attending a madrasah are required to wear the traditional Malay attire, including the songkok for boys and tudong for girls, in contrast to mainstream government schools which ban religious headgear as Singapore is officially a secular state. For students who wish to attend a mainstream school, they may opt to take classes on weekends at the madrasah instead of enrolling full-time.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: In

text: Singapore

text: madrasahs

text: are

text: private

text: schools

text: which

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: Majlis

text: Ugama

text: Islam

text: Singapura

text: MUIS

text: English

text: Islamic

text: Religious

text: Council

text: of

text: Singapore

text: There

text: are

text: six

text: Madrasahs

text: in

text: Singapore

text: catering

text: to

text: students

text: from

text: Primary

text: to

text: Secondary

text: Four

text: Madrasahs

text: are

text: coeducational

text: and

text: two

text: are

text: for

text: girls

text: Students

text: take

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: Islamic

text: Studies

text: subjects

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: mainstream

text: MOE

text: curriculum

text: subjects

text: and

text: sit

text: for

text: the

text: PSLE

text: and

text: GCE

text: O

text: Levels

text: like

text: their

text: peers

text: In

text: MUIS

text: introduced

text: the

text: Joint

text: Madrasah

text: System

text: JMS

text: a

text: joint

text: collaboration

text: of

text: Madrasah

text: Al

text: Irsyad

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: primary

text: school

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: Madrasah

text: Aljunied

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: offering

text: the

text: ukhrawi

text: or

text: religious

text: stream

text: and

text: Madrasah

text: Al

text: Arabiah

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: offering

text: the

text: academic

text: stream

text: The

text: JMS

text: aims

text: to

text: introduce

text: the

text: International

text: Baccalaureate

text: IB

text: programme

text: into

text: the

text: Madrasah

text: Al

text: Arabiah

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: by

text: Students

text: attending

text: a

text: madrasah

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: wear

text: the

text: traditional

text: Malay

text: attire

text: including

text: the

text: songkok

text: for

text: boys

text: and

text: tudong

text: for

text: girls

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: mainstream

text: government

text: schools

text: which

text: ban

text: religious

text: headgear

text: as

text: Singapore

text: is

text: officially

text: a

text: secular

text: state

text: For

text: students

text: who

text: wish

text: to

text: attend

text: a

text: mainstream

text: school

text: they

text: may

text: opt

text: to

text: take

text: classes

text: on

text: weekends

text: at

text: the

text: madrasah

text: instead

text: of

text: enrolling

text: full

text: time

question: How many madrasahs are in Sinagapore?

answer: six

text: six

question: What program is being installed in madrasahs in Singapore?

answer: International Baccalaureate

text: International Baccalaureate

question: What year is it planned for IB programs to be in place at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

answer: 2019

question: What will the uniform be at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

answer: the songkok for boys and tudong for girls

text: the songkok for boys and tudong for girls


text: From 1877 to 1878, the area suffered a rash of stagecoach robberies. Most notable, however, were the two holdups committed by masked road-agent William Whitney Brazelton. Brazelton held up two stages in the summer of 1878 near Point of Mountain Station approximately 17 mi (27 km) northwest of Tucson. John Clum, of Tombstone, Arizona fame was one of the passengers. Brazelton was eventually tracked down and killed on Monday August 19, 1878, in a mesquite bosque along the Santa Cruz River 3 miles (5 km) south of Tucson by Pima County Sheriff Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse. Brazelton had been suspected of highway robbery not only in the Tucson area, but also in the Prescott region and Silver City, New Mexico area as well. Brazelton's crimes prompted John J. Valentine, Sr. of Wells, Fargo & Co. to send special agent and future Pima County sheriff Bob Paul to investigate. Fort Lowell, then east of Tucson, was established to help protect settlers from Apache attacks. In 1882, Frank Stilwell was implicated in the murder of Morgan Earp by Cowboy Pete Spence's wife, Marietta, at the coroner's inquest on Morgan Earp's shooting. The coroner's jury concluded that Spence, Stilwell, Frederick Bode, and Florentino "Indian Charlie" Cruz were the prime suspects in the assassination of Morgan Earp. :250 Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp gathered a few trusted friends and accompanied Virgil Earp and his family as they traveled to Benson for a train ride to California. They found Stilwell lying in wait for Virgil in the Tucson station and killed him on the tracks. After killing Stilwell, Wyatt deputized others and rode on a vendetta, killing three more cowboys over the next few days before leaving the state.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: suffered

text: a

text: rash

text: of

text: stagecoach

text: robberies

text: Most

text: notable

text: however

text: were

text: the

text: two

text: holdups

text: committed

text: by

text: masked

text: road

text: agent

text: William

text: Whitney

text: Brazelton

text: Brazelton

text: held

text: up

text: two

text: stages

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: near

text: Point

text: of

text: Mountain

text: Station

text: approximately

text: mi

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Tucson

text: John

text: Clum

text: of

text: Tombstone

text: Arizona

text: fame

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: passengers

text: Brazelton

text: was

text: eventually

text: tracked

text: down

text: and

text: killed

text: on

text: Monday

text: August

text: in

text: a

text: mesquite

text: bosque

text: along

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: Tucson

text: by

text: Pima

text: County

text: Sheriff

text: Charles

text: A.

text: Shibell

text: and

text: his

text: citizen

text: 's

text: posse

text: Brazelton

text: had

text: been

text: suspected

text: of

text: highway

text: robbery

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: Tucson

text: area

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: Prescott

text: region

text: and

text: Silver

text: City

text: New

text: Mexico

text: area

text: as

text: well

text: Brazelton

text: 's

text: crimes

text: prompted

text: John

text: J.

text: Valentine

text: Sr

text: of

text: Wells

text: Fargo

text: Co.

text: to

text: send

text: special

text: agent

text: and

text: future

text: Pima

text: County

text: sheriff

text: Bob

text: Paul

text: to

text: investigate

text: Fort

text: Lowell

text: then

text: east

text: of

text: Tucson

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: help

text: protect

text: settlers

text: from

text: Apache

text: attacks

text: In

text: Frank

text: Stilwell

text: was

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: Morgan

text: Earp

text: by

text: Cowboy

text: Pete

text: Spence

text: 's

text: wife

text: Marietta

text: at

text: the

text: coroner

text: 's

text: inquest

text: on

text: Morgan

text: Earp

text: 's

text: shooting

text: The

text: coroner

text: 's

text: jury

text: concluded

text: that

text: Spence

text: Stilwell

text: Frederick

text: Bode

text: and

text: Florentino

text: Indian

text: Charlie

text: Cruz

text: were

text: the

text: prime

text: suspects

text: in

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Morgan

text: Earp

text: Deputy

text: U.S.

text: Marshal

text: Wyatt

text: Earp

text: gathered

text: a

text: few

text: trusted

text: friends

text: and

text: accompanied

text: Virgil

text: Earp

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: as

text: they

text: traveled

text: to

text: Benson

text: for

text: a

text: train

text: ride

text: to

text: California

text: They

text: found

text: Stilwell

text: lying

text: in

text: wait

text: for

text: Virgil

text: in

text: the

text: Tucson

text: station

text: and

text: killed

text: him

text: on

text: the

text: tracks

text: After

text: killing

text: Stilwell

text: Wyatt

text: deputized

text: others

text: and

text: rode

text: on

text: a

text: vendetta

text: killing

text: three

text: more

text: cowboys

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: days

text: before

text: leaving

text: the

text: state

question: What date did William Whitney Brazelton Die?

answer: August 19, 1878

text: August 19, 1878

question: What is the name of the sheriff who shot William Whitney Brazelton?

answer: Charles A. Shibell

text: Charles A. Shibell

question: What was Wyatt Earp's job title?

answer: Deputy U.S. Marshal

text: Deputy U.S. Marshal

question: Who was held responsible for the murder of Morgan Earp?

answer: Frank Stilwell

text: Frank Stilwell

question: What Deputy was responsible for the death of Frank Stiwell?

answer: Wyatt Earp

text: Wyatt Earp

question: What crime increased in the Tucson area in 1877?

answer: stagecoach robberies

text: stagecoach robberies

question: Who was the most famous stagecoach robber in the Tucson area?

answer: William Whitney Brazelton

text: William Whitney Brazelton

question: When was Brazelton killed?

answer: August 19, 1878

text: August 19, 1878

question: Who killed Brazelton?

answer: Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse

text: Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse

question: What was Shibell's job?

answer: Pima County Sheriff

text: Pima County Sheriff


text: Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Another

text: study

text: on

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: patterns

text: of

text: sexual

text: arousal

text: confirmed

text: that

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: have

text: different

text: patterns

text: of

text: arousal

text: independent

text: of

text: their

text: sexual

text: orientations

text: The

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: women

text: 's

text: genitals

text: become

text: aroused

text: to

text: both

text: human

text: and

text: nonhuman

text: stimuli

text: from

text: movies

text: showing

text: humans

text: of

text: both

text: genders

text: having

text: sex

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: and

text: from

text: videos

text: showing

text: non

text: human

text: primates

text: bonobos

text: having

text: sex

text: Men

text: did

text: not

text: show

text: any

text: sexual

text: arousal

text: to

text: non

text: human

text: visual

text: stimuli

text: their

text: arousal

text: patterns

text: being

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: their

text: specific

text: sexual

text: interest

text: women

text: for

text: heterosexual

text: men

text: and

text: men

text: for

text: homosexual

text: men

question: Do men and women's patterns of arousal differ?

answer: men and women have different patterns of arousal

text: men and women have different patterns of arousal

question: Are the patterns related to orientation?

answer: independent of their sexual orientations

text: independent of their sexual orientations

question: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?

answer: both human and nonhuman stimuli

text: both human and nonhuman stimuli

question: What stimuli did men show no arousal towards?

answer: to non-human visual stimuli

text: to non-human visual stimuli

question: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with?

answer: their specific sexual interest

text: their specific sexual interest

question: What did a study on men and womens sexual arousal show?

answer: confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations

text: confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations

question: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?

answer: become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual

text: become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual

question: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex?

answer: x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,

text: x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,

question: Did mens arousal relate to the sexual interests?

answer: , their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).

text: , their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).


text: The Swiss Parliament consists of two houses: the Council of States which has 46 representatives (two from each canton and one from each half-canton) who are elected under a system determined by each canton, and the National Council, which consists of 200 members who are elected under a system of proportional representation, depending on the population of each canton. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. When both houses are in joint session, they are known collectively as the Federal Assembly. Through referendums, citizens may challenge any law passed by parliament and through initiatives, introduce amendments to the federal constitution, thus making Switzerland a direct democracy.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Parliament

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: houses

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: States

text: which

text: has

text: representatives

text: two

text: from

text: each

text: canton

text: and

text: one

text: from

text: each

text: half

text: canton

text: who

text: are

text: elected

text: under

text: a

text: system

text: determined

text: by

text: each

text: canton

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Council

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: members

text: who

text: are

text: elected

text: under

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: proportional

text: representation

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: each

text: canton

text: Members

text: of

text: both

text: houses

text: serve

text: for

text: years

text: When

text: both

text: houses

text: are

text: in

text: joint

text: session

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Federal

text: Assembly

text: Through

text: referendums

text: citizens

text: may

text: challenge

text: any

text: law

text: passed

text: by

text: parliament

text: and

text: through

text: initiatives

text: introduce

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: constitution

text: thus

text: making

text: Switzerland

text: a

text: direct

text: democracy

question: How many members are on the National Council?

answer: 200

question: How long do members of both houses of the Swiss Parliament serve?

answer: 4 years

text: 4 years

question: What are both houses of the Swiss Parliament collectively known as when both are in joint session?

answer: Federal Assembly

text: Federal Assembly

question: What can citizens use to challenge any law passed by Parliament?

answer: referendums

text: referendums

question: What can citizens use to introduce amendments to the federal constitution?

answer: initiatives

text: initiatives


text: Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: was

text: greatly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Egyptian

text: nationalism

text: as

text: espoused

text: by

text: politician

text: Mustafa

text: Kamel

text: poet

text: Ahmed

text: Shawqi

text: and

text: his

text: anti

text: colonialist

text: instructor

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Military

text: Academy

text: Aziz

text: al

text: Masri

text: to

text: whom

text: Nasser

text: expressed

text: his

text: gratitude

text: in

text: a

text: newspaper

text: interview

text: He

text: was

text: especially

text: influenced

text: by

text: Egyptian

text: writer

text: Tawfiq

text: al

text: Hakim

text: 's

text: novel

text: Return

text: of

text: the

text: Spirit

text: in

text: which

text: al

text: Hakim

text: wrote

text: that

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: people

text: were

text: only

text: in

text: need

text: of

text: a

text: man

text: in

text: whom

text: all

text: their

text: feelings

text: and

text: desires

text: will

text: be

text: represented

text: and

text: who

text: will

text: be

text: for

text: them

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: their

text: objective

text: Nasser

text: later

text: credited

text: the

text: novel

text: as

text: his

text: inspiration

text: to

text: launch

text: the

text: revolution

question: What political theory fascinated Nasser?

answer: Egyptian nationalism

text: Egyptian nationalism

question: What politician did Nasser admire?

answer: Mustafa Kamel

text: Mustafa Kamel

question: What poet did Nasser read?

answer: Ahmed Shawqi

text: Ahmed Shawqi

question: What novel influenced Nasser greatly?

answer: Return of the Spirit

text: Return of the Spirit

question: Where did Nasser meet his anti-colonialist teacher?

answer: Royal Military Academy

text: Royal Military Academy


text: UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly.

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: UNFPA

text: began

text: operations

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Fund

text: for

text: Population

text: Activities

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Fund

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: placed

text: under

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

question: When did UNFPA begin its work?

answer: 1969

question: What was UNFPA's original name?

answer: United Nations Fund for Population Activities

text: United Nations Fund for Population Activities

question: When did the organization change its name?

answer: 1987

question: UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body?

answer: United Nations Development Fund

text: United Nations Development Fund

question: When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly?

answer: 1971


text: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and urban Kendall via the central business districts of Miami International Airport, the Civic Center, and Downtown. A free, elevated people mover, Metromover, operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: 's

text: heavy

text: rail

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: Metrorail

text: is

text: an

text: elevated

text: system

text: comprising

text: two

text: lines

text: and

text: stations

text: on

text: a

text: km)-long

text: line

text: Metrorail

text: connects

text: the

text: urban

text: western

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Hialeah

text: Medley

text: and

text: inner

text: city

text: Miami

text: with

text: suburban

text: The

text: Roads

text: Coconut

text: Grove

text: Coral

text: Gables

text: South

text: Miami

text: and

text: urban

text: Kendall

text: via

text: the

text: central

text: business

text: districts

text: of

text: Miami

text: International

text: Airport

text: the

text: Civic

text: Center

text: and

text: Downtown

text: A

text: free

text: elevated

text: people

text: mover

text: Metromover

text: operates

text: stations

text: on

text: three

text: different

text: lines

text: in

text: greater

text: Downtown

text: Miami

text: with

text: a

text: station

text: at

text: roughly

text: every

text: two

text: blocks

text: of

text: Downtown

text: and

text: Brickell

text: Several

text: expansion

text: projects

text: are

text: being

text: funded

text: by

text: a

text: transit

text: development

text: sales

text: tax

text: surcharge

text: throughout

text: Miami

text: Dade

text: County

question: What is the name of Miami's heavy-rail system?

answer: Metrorail

text: Metrorail

question: How many miles long is Metrorail?

answer: 24.4

question: How many stations does Metrorail have?

answer: 23

question: How many lines does Metromover have?

answer: three

text: three

question: How much does it cost to use Metromover?

answer: free

text: free


text: According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: According

text: to

text: CIA

text: World

text: Factbook

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: are

text: largely

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: Catholics

text: Awakening

text: Lutherans

text: and

text: other

text: Protestants

text: Followers

text: of

text: Islam

text: make

text: up

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: primarily

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: foreign

text: workers

text: into

text: the

text: urban

text: centers

question: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?

answer: Catholics

text: Catholics

question: What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?

answer: 22.3%

question: What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?

answer: 19.9%

question: What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?

answer: 1.6%

question: Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?

answer: foreign workers

text: foreign workers


text: Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form of fuzzing, is an example of failure testing. Various commercial non-functional testing tools are linked from the software fault injection page; there are also numerous open-source and free software tools available that perform destructive testing.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Destructive

text: testing

text: attempts

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: software

text: or

text: a

text: sub

text: system

text: to

text: fail

text: It

text: verifies

text: that

text: the

text: software

text: functions

text: properly

text: even

text: when

text: it

text: receives

text: invalid

text: or

text: unexpected

text: inputs

text: thereby

text: establishing

text: the

text: robustness

text: of

text: input

text: validation

text: and

text: error

text: management

text: routines.[citation

text: needed

text: Software

text: fault

text: injection

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: fuzzing

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: failure

text: testing

text: Various

text: commercial

text: non

text: functional

text: testing

text: tools

text: are

text: linked

text: from

text: the

text: software

text: fault

text: injection

text: page

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: numerous

text: open

text: source

text: and

text: free

text: software

text: tools

text: available

text: that

text: perform

text: destructive

text: testing

question: What method is used to cause a system to fail?

answer: Destructive testing

text: Destructive testing

question: What does Destructive testing verify?

answer: software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs

text: software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs

question: What is one example of failure testing?

answer: Software fault injection

text: Software fault injection


text: The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: most

text: pelagic

text: species

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: tubenose

text: order

text: Procellariiformes

text: are

text: great

text: wanderers

text: and

text: the

text: albatrosses

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: oceans

text: may

text: circle

text: the

text: globe

text: as

text: they

text: ride

text: the

text: roaring

text: forties

text: outside

text: the

text: breeding

text: season

text: The

text: tubenoses

text: spread

text: widely

text: over

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: open

text: ocean

text: but

text: congregate

text: when

text: food

text: becomes

text: available

text: Many

text: are

text: also

text: among

text: the

text: longest

text: distance

text: migrants

text: sooty

text: shearwaters

text: Puffinus

text: griseus

text: nesting

text: on

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: migrate

text: km

text: mi

text: between

text: the

text: breeding

text: colony

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: Norway

text: Some

text: Manx

text: shearwaters

text: Puffinus

text: puffinus

text: do

text: this

text: same

text: journey

text: in

text: reverse

text: As

text: they

text: are

text: long

text: lived

text: birds

text: they

text: may

text: cover

text: enormous

text: distances

text: during

text: their

text: lives

text: one

text: record

text: breaking

text: Manx

text: shearwater

text: is

text: calculated

text: to

text: have

text: flown

text: million

text: km

text: million

text: miles

text: during

text: its

text: year

text: lifespan

question: Which species are great wanderers?

answer: pelagic

text: pelagic

question: How far did a Manx shearwater fly over it's lifespan?

answer: 8 million km

text: 8 million km

question: Which bird broke a record in how far it flew over it's life?

answer: Manx shearwater

text: Manx shearwater

question: How long did the Manx shearwater live?

answer: 50 year

text: 50 year

question: How far will Puffinus griseus migrate each year?

answer: 14,000 km

text: 14,000 km


text: As an example, Santiago de Compostela, the political capital city, has an average of 129 rainy days and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year. But the colder city of Lugo, to the east, has an average of 1,759 sunlight hours per year, 117 days with precipitations (> 1 mm) totalling 901.54 millimetres (35.5 in), and 40 days with frosts per year. The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. The sunniest city is Pontevedra with 2,223 sunny hours per year.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Compostela

text: the

text: political

text: capital

text: city

text: has

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: rainy

text: days

text: and

text: millimetres

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: with

text: just

text: rainy

text: days

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: summer

text: months

text: and

text: sunlight

text: hours

text: per

text: year

text: with

text: just

text: days

text: with

text: frosts

text: per

text: year

text: But

text: the

text: colder

text: city

text: of

text: Lugo

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: has

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: sunlight

text: hours

text: per

text: year

text: days

text: with

text: precipitations

text: mm

text: totalling

text: millimetres

text: in

text: and

text: days

text: with

text: frosts

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: more

text: mountainous

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Ourense

text: and

text: Lugo

text: receive

text: significant

text: snowfall

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: months

text: The

text: sunniest

text: city

text: is

text: Pontevedra

text: with

text: sunny

text: hours

text: per

text: year

question: What is the political capital city?

answer: Santiago de Compostela

text: Santiago de Compostela

question: How many rainy days does it typically have?

answer: 129

question: How many days with frosts?

answer: 6

question: A colder city like Lugo has how many days with frosts?

answer: 40

question: Its sunniest city, Pontevedra, gets how may hours of sunlight per year?

answer: 2,223


text: In January 1920, Tito and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September. Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party. Winning numerous local elections, they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Delić for mayor. After the assassination of Milorad Drašković, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921. During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist. In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard. He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail. During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor. After his release, he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre, among them "Walter" and "Tito".

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: In

text: January

text: Tito

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: made

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: difficult

text: journey

text: home

text: to

text: Yugoslavia

text: where

text: he

text: arrived

text: in

text: September

text: Upon

text: his

text: return

text: Broz

text: joined

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: The

text: CPY

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: political

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: was

text: growing

text: rapidly

text: In

text: the

text: elections

text: the

text: Communists

text: won

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: parliament

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: third

text: strongest

text: party

text: Winning

text: numerous

text: local

text: elections

text: they

text: gained

text: a

text: stronghold

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Zagreb

text: electing

text: Svetozar

text: Delić

text: for

text: mayor

text: After

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Milorad

text: Drašković

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: by

text: a

text: young

text: communist

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: CPY

text: was

text: declared

text: illegal

text: under

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: State

text: Security

text: Act

text: of

text: During

text: and

text: all

text: Communist

text: won

text: mandates

text: were

text: nullified

text: Broz

text: continued

text: his

text: work

text: underground

text: despite

text: pressure

text: on

text: Communists

text: from

text: the

text: government

text: As

text: began

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: Veliko

text: Trojstvo

text: near

text: Bjelovar

text: and

text: found

text: work

text: as

text: a

text: machinist

text: In

text: Broz

text: moved

text: to

text: Kraljevica

text: where

text: he

text: started

text: working

text: at

text: a

text: shipyard

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: union

text: leader

text: and

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: he

text: led

text: a

text: shipyard

text: strike

text: He

text: was

text: fired

text: and

text: moved

text: to

text: Belgrade

text: where

text: he

text: worked

text: in

text: a

text: train

text: coach

text: factory

text: in

text: Smederevska

text: Palanka

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: Workers

text: Commissary

text: but

text: was

text: fired

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: his

text: CPY

text: membership

text: was

text: revealed

text: Broz

text: then

text: moved

text: to

text: Zagreb

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: secretary

text: of

text: Metal

text: Workers

text: Union

text: of

text: Croatia

text: In

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: Zagreb

text: Branch

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: CPY

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: he

text: was

text: arrested

text: tried

text: in

text: court

text: for

text: his

text: illegal

text: communist

text: activities

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: jail

text: During

text: his

text: five

text: years

text: at

text: Lepoglava

text: prison

text: he

text: met

text: Moša

text: Pijade

text: who

text: became

text: his

text: ideological

text: mentor

text: After

text: his

text: release

text: he

text: lived

text: incognito

text: and

text: assumed

text: numerous

text: noms

text: de

text: guerre

text: among

text: them

text: Walter

text: and

text: Tito

question: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?

answer: 59

question: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?

answer: Svetozar Delić

text: Svetozar Delić

question: Where did Broz move in 1921?

answer: Veliko Trojstvo

text: Veliko Trojstvo

question: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?

answer: five years

text: five years

question: Who became his ideological mentor in prison?

answer: Moša Pijade,

text: Moša Pijade,


text: Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Many

text: sports

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: immigrant

text: communities

text: Stickball

text: a

text: street

text: version

text: of

text: baseball

text: was

text: popularized

text: by

text: youths

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: a

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: was

text: renamed

text: Stickball

text: Boulevard

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: memorialize

text: this

question: A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s?

answer: Stickball

text: Stickball

question: What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball?

answer: Stickball Boulevard

text: Stickball Boulevard

question: In what borough is Stickball Boulevard located?

answer: the Bronx

text: the Bronx


text: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: Christian

text: Brothers

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Stella

text: Maris

text: College

text: is

text: a

text: private

text: co

text: educational

text: not

text: for

text: profit

text: Catholic

text: school

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: wealthy

text: residential

text: southeastern

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: Carrasco

text: Established

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: high

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: blending

text: a

text: rigorous

text: curriculum

text: with

text: strong

text: extracurricular

text: activities

text: The

text: school

text: 's

text: headmaster

text: history

text: professor

text: Juan

text: Pedro

text: Toni

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Stella

text: Maris

text: Board

text: of

text: Governors

text: and

text: the

text: school

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Baccalaureate

text: Organization

text: IBO

text: Its

text: long

text: list

text: of

text: distinguished

text: former

text: pupils

text: includes

text: economists

text: engineers

text: architects

text: lawyers

text: politicians

text: and

text: even

text: champions

text: The

text: school

text: has

text: also

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: rugby

text: union

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: with

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Old

text: Christians

text: Club

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: alumni

text: club

question: Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located?

answer: Carrasco

text: Carrasco

question: When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established?

answer: 1955

question: What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country?

answer: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College

text: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College

question: Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?

answer: professor Juan Pedro Toni

text: professor Juan Pedro Toni


text: Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: remains

text: an

text: iconic

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: particularly

text: for

text: his

text: strides

text: towards

text: social

text: justice

text: and

text: Arab

text: unity

text: modernization

text: policies

text: and

text: anti

text: imperialist

text: efforts

text: His

text: presidency

text: also

text: encouraged

text: and

text: coincided

text: with

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: cultural

text: boom

text: and

text: launched

text: large

text: industrial

text: projects

text: including

text: the

text: Aswan

text: Dam

text: and

text: Helwan

text: City

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: detractors

text: criticize

text: his

text: authoritarianism

text: his

text: government

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: violations

text: his

text: populist

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: citizenry

text: and

text: his

text: failure

text: to

text: establish

text: civil

text: institutions

text: blaming

text: his

text: legacy

text: for

text: future

text: dictatorial

text: governance

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Historians

text: describe

text: Nasser

text: as

text: a

text: towering

text: political

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded.

answer: Aswan Dam and Helwan City

text: Aswan Dam and Helwan City

question: What century did Nasser rule in?

answer: 20th

question: What was nasser's position toward imperialism?

answer: anti-imperialist

text: anti-imperialist

question: How did Nasser's government deal with human rights?

answer: human rights violations

text: human rights violations


text: Some consider koshari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish. Fried onions can be also added to koshari. In addition, ful medames (mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes. Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as "ta'meyya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East. Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Some

text: consider

text: koshari

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: rice

text: lentils

text: and

text: macaroni

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: national

text: dish

text: Fried

text: onions

text: can

text: be

text: also

text: added

text: to

text: koshari

text: In

text: addition

text: ful

text: medames

text: mashed

text: fava

text: beans

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: dishes

text: Fava

text: bean

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: making

text: falafel

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: ta'meyya

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: originated

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Garlic

text: fried

text: with

text: coriander

text: is

text: added

text: to

text: mulukhiyya

text: a

text: popular

text: green

text: soup

text: made

text: from

text: finely

text: chopped

text: jute

text: leaves

text: sometimes

text: with

text: chicken

text: or

text: rabbit

question: What is koshari?

answer: mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni

text: mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni

question: What can be added to koshari?

answer: Fried onions

text: Fried onions

question: What is a polular green soup of Egypt?

answer: mulukhiyya

text: mulukhiyya

question: What beans are used to make falafel?

answer: Fava bean

text: Fava bean


text: Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the transition into adulthood or the entrance into adolescence. This transition may be accompanied by obvious physical changes, which can vary from a change in clothing to tattoos and scarification. Furthermore, transitions into adulthood may also vary by gender, and specific rituals may be more common for males or for females. This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Some

text: examples

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: religious

text: transition

text: ceremonies

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: other

text: cultures

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: are

text: Confirmation

text: Bar

text: and

text: Bat

text: Mitzvahs

text: Quinceañeras

text: sweet

text: sixteens

text: cotillions

text: and

text: débutante

text: balls

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: initiation

text: ceremonies

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: marking

text: the

text: transition

text: into

text: adulthood

text: or

text: the

text: entrance

text: into

text: adolescence

text: This

text: transition

text: may

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: obvious

text: physical

text: changes

text: which

text: can

text: vary

text: from

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: clothing

text: to

text: tattoos

text: and

text: scarification

text: Furthermore

text: transitions

text: into

text: adulthood

text: may

text: also

text: vary

text: by

text: gender

text: and

text: specific

text: rituals

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: common

text: for

text: males

text: or

text: for

text: females

text: This

text: illuminates

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: adolescence

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part

text: a

text: social

text: construction

text: it

text: takes

text: shape

text: differently

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: cultural

text: context

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: enforced

text: more

text: by

text: cultural

text: practices

text: or

text: transitions

text: than

text: by

text: universal

text: chemical

text: or

text: biological

text: physical

text: changes

question: What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies?

answer: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls

text: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls

question: What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood?

answer: tattoos and scarification

text: tattoos and scarification

question: Do cultural transitions into adulthood vary, or are they the same?

answer: vary

text: vary


text: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is an older standard, adopted starting with British railways in 1847. Using telescopes instead of atomic clocks, GMT was calibrated to the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in the UK. Universal Time (UT) is the modern term for the international telescope-based system, adopted to replace "Greenwich Mean Time" in 1928 by the International Astronomical Union. Observations at the Greenwich Observatory itself ceased in 1954, though the location is still used as the basis for the coordinate system. Because the rotational period of Earth is not perfectly constant, the duration of a second would vary if calibrated to a telescope-based standard like GMT or UT—in which a second was defined as a fraction of a day or year. The terms "GMT" and "Greenwich Mean Time" are sometimes used informally to refer to UT or UTC.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Greenwich

text: Mean

text: Time

text: GMT

text: is

text: an

text: older

text: standard

text: adopted

text: starting

text: with

text: British

text: railways

text: in

text: Using

text: telescopes

text: instead

text: of

text: atomic

text: clocks

text: GMT

text: was

text: calibrated

text: to

text: the

text: mean

text: solar

text: time

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Observatory

text: Greenwich

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Universal

text: Time

text: UT

text: is

text: the

text: modern

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: international

text: telescope

text: based

text: system

text: adopted

text: to

text: replace

text: Greenwich

text: Mean

text: Time

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Astronomical

text: Union

text: Observations

text: at

text: the

text: Greenwich

text: Observatory

text: itself

text: ceased

text: in

text: though

text: the

text: location

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: coordinate

text: system

text: Because

text: the

text: rotational

text: period

text: of

text: Earth

text: is

text: not

text: perfectly

text: constant

text: the

text: duration

text: of

text: a

text: second

text: would

text: vary

text: if

text: calibrated

text: to

text: a

text: telescope

text: based

text: standard

text: like

text: GMT

text: or

text: UT

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: second

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: fraction

text: of

text: a

text: day

text: or

text: year

text: The

text: terms

text: GMT

text: and

text: Greenwich

text: Mean

text: Time

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: informally

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: UT

text: or

text: UTC

question: Which standard of time started with British Railways?

answer: Greenwich Mean Time

text: Greenwich Mean Time

question: When was GMT adopted by British Railways?

answer: 1847

question: GMT used what instead of atomic clocks?

answer: telescopes

text: telescopes

question: When did observations at the Greenwich Observatory cease?

answer: 1954

question: The terms GMT and Greenwich Mean Time are also used informally to refer to what?

answer: UT or UTC

text: UT or UTC


text: Japanese land forces continued to advance in the Solomon Islands and New Guinea. From July 1942, a few Australian reserve battalions, many of them very young and untrained, fought a stubborn rearguard action in New Guinea, against a Japanese advance along the Kokoda Track, towards Port Moresby, over the rugged Owen Stanley Ranges. The militia, worn out and severely depleted by casualties, were relieved in late August by regular troops from the Second Australian Imperial Force, returning from action in the Mediterranean theater. In early September 1942 Japanese marines attacked a strategic Royal Australian Air Force base at Milne Bay, near the eastern tip of New Guinea. They were beaten back by Allied (primarily Australian Army) forces.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Japanese

text: land

text: forces

text: continued

text: to

text: advance

text: in

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: New

text: Guinea

text: From

text: July

text: a

text: few

text: Australian

text: reserve

text: battalions

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: very

text: young

text: and

text: untrained

text: fought

text: a

text: stubborn

text: rearguard

text: action

text: in

text: New

text: Guinea

text: against

text: a

text: Japanese

text: advance

text: along

text: the

text: Kokoda

text: Track

text: towards

text: Port

text: Moresby

text: over

text: the

text: rugged

text: Owen

text: Stanley

text: Ranges

text: The

text: militia

text: worn

text: out

text: and

text: severely

text: depleted

text: by

text: casualties

text: were

text: relieved

text: in

text: late

text: August

text: by

text: regular

text: troops

text: from

text: the

text: Second

text: Australian

text: Imperial

text: Force

text: returning

text: from

text: action

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: theater

text: In

text: early

text: September

text: Japanese

text: marines

text: attacked

text: a

text: strategic

text: Royal

text: Australian

text: Air

text: Force

text: base

text: at

text: Milne

text: Bay

text: near

text: the

text: eastern

text: tip

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: They

text: were

text: beaten

text: back

text: by

text: Allied

text: primarily

text: Australian

text: Army

text: forces

question: What mountains did the Australian battalions fight a rearguard action over on the Kokoda Track?

answer: Owen Stanley Ranges

text: Owen Stanley Ranges

question: What forces releived the worn Australian reserve battalions?

answer: Second Australian Imperial Force

text: Second Australian Imperial Force

question: In 1942, what Australian Air Force base was attacked by Japanese marines?

answer: Milne Bay

text: Milne Bay

question: Where was Milne Bay located in New Guinea?

answer: eastern tip

text: eastern tip

question: What theater did the Second Australian Imperial Force come from before they relieved the reserve battalions in New Guinea?

answer: Mediterranean

text: Mediterranean


text: Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Though

text: Brazilians

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: partial

text: African

text: heritage

text: make

text: up

text: a

text: large

text: percentage

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: few

text: blacks

text: have

text: been

text: elected

text: as

text: politicians

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Salvador

text: Bahia

text: for

text: instance

text: is

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: but

text: voters

text: have

text: not

text: elected

text: a

text: mayor

text: of

text: color

text: Journalists

text: like

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: US

text: cities

text: with

text: black

text: majorities

text: such

text: as

text: Detroit

text: and

text: New

text: Orleans

text: have

text: not

text: elected

text: white

text: mayors

text: since

text: after

text: the

text: civil

text: rights

text: movement

text: when

text: the

text: Voting

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: protected

text: the

text: franchise

text: for

text: minorities

text: and

text: blacks

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: regained

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: New

text: Orleans

text: elected

text: its

text: first

text: black

text: mayor

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: elected

text: a

text: white

text: mayor

text: after

text: the

text: widescale

text: disruption

text: and

text: damage

text: of

text: Hurricane

text: Katrina

text: in

question: What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?

answer: blacks

text: blacks

question: How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?

answer: 80%

question: When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?

answer: 1965

question: When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?

answer: 1970s

question: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?

answer: Hurricane Katrina

text: Hurricane Katrina


text: In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: In

text: a

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Energy

text: Agency

text: found

text: that

text: solar

text: energy

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: photovoltaics

text: solar

text: hot

text: water

text: and

text: concentrated

text: solar

text: power

text: could

text: provide

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: energy

text: by

text: if

text: politicians

text: commit

text: to

text: limiting

text: climate

text: change

text: The

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: sun

text: could

text: play

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: de

text: carbonizing

text: the

text: global

text: economy

text: alongside

text: improvements

text: in

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: and

text: imposing

text: costs

text: on

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emitters

text: The

text: strength

text: of

text: solar

text: is

text: the

text: incredible

text: variety

text: and

text: flexibility

text: of

text: applications

text: from

text: small

text: scale

text: to

text: big

text: scale

question: According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy?

answer: 2060

question: What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change?

answer: could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters

text: could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters


text: Visits to the websites have decreased by 87% since the paywall was introduced, from 21 million unique users per month to 2.7 million. In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day. As of October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to The Times' digital products.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: Visits

text: to

text: the

text: websites

text: have

text: decreased

text: by

text: since

text: the

text: paywall

text: was

text: introduced

text: from

text: million

text: unique

text: users

text: per

text: month

text: to

text: million

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: timesonline

text: site

text: had

text: a

text: readership

text: of

text: readers

text: per

text: day

text: As

text: of

text: October

text: there

text: were

text: around

text: subscribers

text: to

text: The

text: Times

text: digital

text: products

question: Visits to The Times website have decreased by how much since October 2011?

answer: 87%

question: What is the reason for the dramatic drop in visits to The Times website?

answer: paywall

text: paywall

question: In April 2009, how many readers did the timesonline website have per day?

answer: 750,000

question: As of October 2011, how many subscribers does The Times' digital product currently have?

answer: 111,000