text: The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of the Babylonian numerals also date back to this period. The period c. 2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system. The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system. There is also anecdotal evidence the Sumerians may have used a type of slide rule in astronomical calculations. They were the first to find the area of a triangle and the volume of a cube.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: developed

text: a

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: metrology

text: c.

text: BC

text: This

text: advanced

text: metrology

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: geometry

text: and

text: algebra

text: From

text: c.

text: BC

text: onwards

text: the

text: Sumerians

text: wrote

text: multiplication

text: tables

text: on

text: clay

text: tablets

text: and

text: dealt

text: with

text: geometrical

text: exercises

text: and

text: division

text: problems

text: The

text: earliest

text: traces

text: of

text: the

text: Babylonian

text: numerals

text: also

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: this

text: period

text: The

text: period

text: c.

text: BC

text: saw

text: the

text: first

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: abacus

text: and

text: a

text: table

text: of

text: successive

text: columns

text: which

text: delimited

text: the

text: successive

text: orders

text: of

text: magnitude

text: of

text: their

text: sexagesimal

text: number

text: system

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: place

text: value

text: numeral

text: system

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: anecdotal

text: evidence

text: the

text: Sumerians

text: may

text: have

text: used

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: slide

text: rule

text: in

text: astronomical

text: calculations

text: They

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: find

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: a

text: triangle

text: and

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: a

text: cube

question: What did the Sumerians a complex system of around 4000 BC?

answer: metrology

text: metrology

question: From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines?

answer: arithmetic, geometry, and algebra

text: arithmetic, geometry, and algebra

question: Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables?

answer: on clay tablets

text: on clay tablets

question: When was the abacus first seen between?

answer: 2700 – 2300 BC

text: 2700 – 2300 BC

question: What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics?

answer: use a place value numeral system

text: use a place value numeral system


text: Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Racial

text: discrimination

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: enacted

text: in

text: new

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: was

text: enacted

text: in

text: Virginia

text: 's

text: Racial

text: Integrity

text: Law

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: southern

text: states

text: in

text: part

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: eugenics

text: and

text: ideas

text: of

text: racial

text: purity

text: People

text: buried

text: fading

text: memories

text: that

text: many

text: whites

text: had

text: multiracial

text: ancestry

text: Many

text: families

text: were

text: multiracial

text: Similar

text: laws

text: had

text: been

text: proposed

text: but

text: not

text: passed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Virginia

text: for

text: instance

text: After

text: regaining

text: political

text: power

text: in

text: Southern

text: states

text: by

text: disenfranchising

text: blacks

text: white

text: Democrats

text: passed

text: laws

text: to

text: impose

text: Jim

text: Crow

text: and

text: racial

text: segregation

text: to

text: restore

text: white

text: supremacy

text: They

text: maintained

text: these

text: until

text: forced

text: to

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: after

text: by

text: enforcement

text: of

text: federal

text: legislation

text: authorizing

text: oversight

text: of

text: practices

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: and

text: other

text: minority

text: citizens

question: Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws?

answer: white Democrats

text: white Democrats

question: When did Virginia add the one drop rule to their laws?

answer: 1924

question: Why were laws limiting people of color passed?

answer: to restore white supremacy

text: to restore white supremacy

question: What had popularity in the early 20th century that caused rising racial discrimination?

answer: eugenics and ideas of racial purity

text: eugenics and ideas of racial purity

question: What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws?

answer: that many whites had multiracial ancestry.

text: that many whites had multiracial ancestry.


text: Chinese officials canceled the torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions, including a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors seemingly from the pro-Tibet independent camp. In interviews, Jin Jing said that she was "tugged at, scratched" and "kicked", but that she "did not feel the pain at the time." She received praise from ethnic Chinese worldwide as "Angel in Wheelchair". The Chinese government gave the comment that "the Chinese respect France a lot" but "Paris [has slapped] its own face."

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: canceled

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: ceremony

text: amidst

text: disruptions

text: including

text: a

text: Tibetan

text: flag

text: flown

text: from

text: a

text: window

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: Hall

text: by

text: Green

text: Party

text: officials

text: The

text: third

text: torchbearer

text: in

text: the

text: Paris

text: leg

text: Jin

text: Jing

text: who

text: was

text: disabled

text: and

text: carried

text: the

text: torch

text: on

text: a

text: wheelchair

text: was

text: assaulted

text: several

text: times

text: by

text: unidentified

text: protestors

text: seemingly

text: from

text: the

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: independent

text: camp

text: In

text: interviews

text: Jin

text: Jing

text: said

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: tugged

text: at

text: scratched

text: and

text: kicked

text: but

text: that

text: she

text: did

text: not

text: feel

text: the

text: pain

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: She

text: received

text: praise

text: from

text: ethnic

text: Chinese

text: worldwide

text: as

text: Angel

text: in

text: Wheelchair

text: The

text: Chinese

text: government

text: gave

text: the

text: comment

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: respect

text: France

text: a

text: lot

text: but

text: Paris

text: has

text: slapped

text: its

text: own

text: face

question: Who threw a a Tibetan flag from a City Hall window?

answer: Green Party officials.

text: Green Party officials.

question: Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair?

answer: Jin Jing

text: Jin Jing

question: What was Jin Jing called by ethnic Chinese?

answer: Angel in Wheelchair

text: Angel in Wheelchair

question: What was stopped due to protest interruptions?

answer: torch relay ceremony

text: torch relay ceremony

question: What is the name of the handicapped bearer of the torch?

answer: Jin Jing

text: Jin Jing

question: What did the ethnic Chinese call the disabled torch bearer?

answer: Angel in Wheelchair

text: Angel in Wheelchair

question: Who put a flag of Tibet out of the window at City Hall?

answer: Green Party officials.

text: Green Party officials.


text: Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour) for his role in helping the Rhodians during the siege of Rhodes. Ptolemy built new cities such as Ptolemais Hermiou in upper Egypt and settled his veterans throughout the country, especially in the region of the Faiyum. Alexandria, a major center of Greek culture and trade, became his capital city. As Egypt's first port city, it was the main grain exporter in the Mediterranean.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Ptolemy

text: a

text: somatophylax

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: bodyguards

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: 's

text: generals

text: and

text: deputies

text: was

text: appointed

text: satrap

text: of

text: Egypt

text: after

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: BC

text: In

text: BC

text: he

text: declared

text: himself

text: King

text: Ptolemy

text: I

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Soter

text: saviour

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: helping

text: the

text: Rhodians

text: during

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Rhodes

text: Ptolemy

text: built

text: new

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Ptolemais

text: Hermiou

text: in

text: upper

text: Egypt

text: and

text: settled

text: his

text: veterans

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Faiyum

text: Alexandria

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: Greek

text: culture

text: and

text: trade

text: became

text: his

text: capital

text: city

text: As

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: first

text: port

text: city

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: grain

text: exporter

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

question: Who was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death?

answer: Ptolemy

text: Ptolemy

question: When did Alexander die and Ptolemy assume his position?

answer: 323 BC

text: 323 BC

question: When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I?

answer: 305 BC

text: 305 BC

question: What nickname did Rhodians give Ptolemy?

answer: Soter

text: Soter

question: Where did Ptolemy settle his most of his veterans?

answer: Faiyum

text: Faiyum


text: The Great Garden is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Grotto (the interior was designed by the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle), the Gallery Building, the Orangerie and the two pavilions by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin. At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze.[citation needed]

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: The

text: Great

text: Garden

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: European

text: baroque

text: garden

text: The

text: palace

text: itself

text: however

text: was

text: largely

text: destroyed

text: by

text: Allied

text: bombing

text: but

text: is

text: currently

text: under

text: reconstruction.[citation

text: needed

text: Some

text: points

text: of

text: interest

text: are

text: the

text: Grotto

text: the

text: interior

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: artist

text: Niki

text: de

text: Saint

text: Phalle

text: the

text: Gallery

text: Building

text: the

text: Orangerie

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: pavilions

text: by

text: Remy

text: de

text: la

text: Fosse

text: The

text: Great

text: Garden

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: parts

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: ones

text: are

text: the

text: Great

text: Ground

text: and

text: the

text: Nouveau

text: Jardin

text: At

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Nouveau

text: Jardin

text: is

text: Europe

text: 's

text: highest

text: garden

text: fountain

text: The

text: historic

text: Garden

text: Theatre

text: inter

text: alia

text: hosted

text: the

text: musicals

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: rock

text: musician

text: Heinz

text: Rudolf

text: Kunze.[citation

text: needed

question: What kind of garden is The Great Garden?

answer: European baroque garden

text: European baroque garden

question: What destroyed the palace?

answer: Allied bombing

text: Allied bombing

question: Who constructed the two pavilions in the palace?

answer: Remy de la Fosse

text: Remy de la Fosse

question: Other than the Nouveau Jardin, what is the other popular part of The Great Garden?

answer: Great Ground

text: Great Ground

question: What is at the centre of the Nouveau Jardin?

answer: Europe's highest garden fountain

text: Europe's highest garden fountain


text: While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled in Montana. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon and Wales. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English and Scots-Irish descent.[citation needed]

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: While

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: American

text: population

text: in

text: Montana

text: overall

text: is

text: German

text: pockets

text: of

text: significant

text: Scandinavian

text: ancestry

text: are

text: prevalent

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: farming

text: dominated

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: prairie

text: regions

text: parallel

text: to

text: nearby

text: regions

text: of

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: Minnesota

text: Farmers

text: of

text: Irish

text: Scots

text: and

text: English

text: roots

text: also

text: settled

text: in

text: Montana

text: The

text: historically

text: mining

text: oriented

text: communities

text: of

text: western

text: Montana

text: such

text: as

text: Butte

text: have

text: a

text: wider

text: range

text: of

text: European

text: American

text: ethnicity

text: Finns

text: Eastern

text: Europeans

text: and

text: especially

text: Irish

text: settlers

text: left

text: an

text: indelible

text: mark

text: on

text: the

text: area

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: people

text: originally

text: from

text: British

text: mining

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Cornwall

text: Devon

text: and

text: Wales

text: The

text: nearby

text: city

text: of

text: Helena

text: also

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: mining

text: camp

text: had

text: a

text: similar

text: mix

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: a

text: small

text: Chinatown

text: Many

text: of

text: Montana

text: 's

text: historic

text: logging

text: communities

text: originally

text: attracted

text: people

text: of

text: Scottish

text: Scandinavian

text: Slavic

text: English

text: and

text: Scots

text: Irish

text: descent.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the largest European-American race in Montana?

answer: German

text: German

question: What was Helena originally founded as?

answer: a mining camp

text: a mining camp


text: Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic cotton plantations are required to enforce the National Organic Program (NOP). This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Organic

text: cotton

text: is

text: generally

text: understood

text: as

text: cotton

text: from

text: plants

text: not

text: genetically

text: modified

text: and

text: that

text: is

text: certified

text: to

text: be

text: grown

text: without

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: any

text: synthetic

text: agricultural

text: chemicals

text: such

text: as

text: fertilizers

text: or

text: pesticides

text: Its

text: production

text: also

text: promotes

text: and

text: enhances

text: biodiversity

text: and

text: biological

text: cycles

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: organic

text: cotton

text: plantations

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: enforce

text: the

text: National

text: Organic

text: Program

text: NOP

text: This

text: institution

text: determines

text: the

text: allowed

text: practices

text: for

text: pest

text: control

text: growing

text: fertilizing

text: and

text: handling

text: of

text: organic

text: crops

text: As

text: of

text: bales

text: of

text: organic

text: cotton

text: were

text: produced

text: in

text: countries

text: and

text: worldwide

text: production

text: was

text: growing

text: at

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: per

text: year

question: What are organic plants understood to be?

answer: not genetically modified

text: not genetically modified

question: Without what are organic plants meant to be grown ?

answer: synthetic agricultural chemicals

text: synthetic agricultural chemicals

question: What is meant by synthetic chemicals?

answer: fertilizers or pesticides

text: fertilizers or pesticides

question: What group in the US determines the allowed practices in organic agriculture?

answer: National Organic Program

text: National Organic Program

question: How much organic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?

answer: 265,517 bales

text: 265,517 bales


text: In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southwestern New York, western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: true

text: folded

text: mountains

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: ridge

text: and

text: valley

text: province

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: dissected

text: plateau

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: is

text: usually

text: grouped

text: with

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: This

text: includes

text: the

text: Catskill

text: Mountains

text: of

text: southeastern

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: Poconos

text: in

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: Plateau

text: of

text: southwestern

text: New

text: York

text: western

text: Pennsylvania

text: eastern

text: Ohio

text: and

text: northern

text: West

text: Virginia

text: This

text: same

text: plateau

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cumberland

text: Plateau

text: in

text: southern

text: West

text: Virginia

text: eastern

text: Kentucky

text: western

text: Virginia

text: eastern

text: Tennessee

text: and

text: northern

text: Alabama

question: What area is usually grouped with the Appalachians?

answer: dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains

text: dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains

question: What mountains does that region include?

answer: Catskill Mountains

text: Catskill Mountains

question: What is the plateau known as in West Virginia?

answer: Cumberland Plateau

text: Cumberland Plateau


text: Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: Just

text: as

text: their

text: customers

text: pay

text: them

text: for

text: Internet

text: access

text: ISPs

text: themselves

text: pay

text: upstream

text: ISPs

text: for

text: Internet

text: access

text: An

text: upstream

text: ISP

text: usually

text: has

text: a

text: larger

text: network

text: than

text: the

text: contracting

text: ISP

text: or

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: contracting

text: ISP

text: with

text: access

text: to

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: the

text: contracting

text: ISP

text: by

text: itself

text: has

text: no

text: access

text: to

question: Who does an ISP pay for internet access?

answer: upstream ISPs

text: upstream ISPs

question: Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?

answer: An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP

text: An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP

question: What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?

answer: access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to

text: access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to

question: what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?

answer: upstream ISPs

text: upstream ISPs


text: The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951. Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III, another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: The

text: Graphite

text: Reactor

text: at

text: Oak

text: Ridge

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: ORNL

text: in

text: Oak

text: Ridge

text: Tennessee

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Clinton

text: Pile

text: and

text: Pile

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: artificial

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: after

text: Enrico

text: Fermi

text: 's

text: Chicago

text: Pile

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: reactor

text: designed

text: and

text: built

text: for

text: continuous

text: operation

text: Argonne

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: 's

text: Experimental

text: Breeder

text: Reactor

text: I

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Commission

text: 's

text: National

text: Reactor

text: Testing

text: Station

text: near

text: Arco

text: Idaho

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: to

text: create

text: electricity

text: on

text: December

text: Initially

text: four

text: light

text: bulbs

text: were

text: lit

text: by

text: the

text: reactor

text: but

text: improvements

text: eventually

text: enabled

text: it

text: to

text: power

text: the

text: whole

text: facility

text: later

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Arco

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: have

text: all

text: its

text: electricity

text: come

text: from

text: nuclear

text: power

text: generated

text: by

text: BORAX

text: III

text: another

text: reactor

text: designed

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: Argonne

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: commercial

text: scale

text: nuclear

text: power

text: station

text: Obninsk

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: began

text: generation

text: with

text: its

text: reactor

text: on

text: June

text: Other

text: early

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plants

text: were

text: Calder

text: Hall

text: in

text: England

text: which

text: began

text: generation

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: the

text: Shippingport

text: Atomic

text: Power

text: Station

text: in

text: Pennsylvania

text: which

text: began

text: on

text: May

text: Nuclear

text: power

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: for

text: propulsion

text: by

text: a

text: submarine

text: the

text: USS

text: Nautilus

text: in

question: What was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor?

answer: Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile

text: Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile

question: In what state is the X-10 Graphite Reactor located?

answer: Tennessee

text: Tennessee

question: Along with the X-10 Pile, what was the X-10 Graphite Reactor previously known as?

answer: the Clinton Pile

text: the Clinton Pile

question: In what state is Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I located?

answer: Idaho

text: Idaho

question: On what date did Breeder Reactor I first make electricity?

answer: 20 December 1951

text: 20 December 1951


text: The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai[clarification needed] is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. Stones played an important part in the cult of the god, especially in the oracular shrine of Delphi (Omphalos). The "Homeric hymn" represents Apollo as a Northern intruder. His arrival must have occurred during the "Dark Ages" that followed the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, and his conflict with Gaia (Mother Earth) was represented by the legend of his slaying her daughter the serpent Python.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: The

text: connection

text: with

text: Dorians

text: and

text: their

text: initiation

text: festival

text: apellai[clarification

text: needed

text: is

text: reinforced

text: by

text: the

text: month

text: Apellaios

text: in

text: northwest

text: Greek

text: calendars

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: explain

text: only

text: the

text: Doric

text: type

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: which

text: is

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Macedonian

text: word

text: pella

text: Pella

text: stone

text: Stones

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: the

text: god

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: oracular

text: shrine

text: of

text: Delphi

text: Omphalos

text: The

text: Homeric

text: hymn

text: represents

text: Apollo

text: as

text: a

text: Northern

text: intruder

text: His

text: arrival

text: must

text: have

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: that

text: followed

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: Mycenaean

text: civilization

text: and

text: his

text: conflict

text: with

text: Gaia

text: Mother

text: Earth

text: was

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: legend

text: of

text: his

text: slaying

text: her

text: daughter

text: the

text: serpent

text: Python

question: What does the word Pella mean?

answer: stone

text: stone

question: What represents Apollo as a Northern intruder?

answer: Homeric hymn

text: Homeric hymn

question: What played an important part in the cult of the god?

answer: Stones

text: Stones


text: The Bologna process has been adopted, since 2006, by Portuguese universities and poly-technical institutes. Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of numerus clausus is enforced through a national database on student admissions. However, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department. Most student costs are supported with public money. However, with the increasing tuition fees a student has to pay to attend a Portuguese state-run higher education institution and the attraction of new types of students (many as part-time students or in evening classes) like employees, businessmen, parents, and pensioners, many departments make a substantial profit from every additional student enrolled in courses, with benefits for the college or university's gross tuition revenue and without loss of educational quality (teacher per student, computer per student, classroom size per student, etc.).

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: Bologna

text: process

text: has

text: been

text: adopted

text: since

text: by

text: Portuguese

text: universities

text: and

text: poly

text: technical

text: institutes

text: Higher

text: education

text: in

text: state

text: run

text: educational

text: establishments

text: is

text: provided

text: on

text: a

text: competitive

text: basis

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: numerus

text: clausus

text: is

text: enforced

text: through

text: a

text: national

text: database

text: on

text: student

text: admissions

text: However

text: every

text: higher

text: education

text: institution

text: offers

text: also

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: additional

text: vacant

text: places

text: through

text: other

text: extraordinary

text: admission

text: processes

text: for

text: sportsmen

text: mature

text: applicants

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: international

text: students

text: foreign

text: students

text: from

text: the

text: Lusosphere

text: degree

text: owners

text: from

text: other

text: institutions

text: students

text: from

text: other

text: institutions

text: academic

text: transfer

text: former

text: students

text: readmission

text: and

text: course

text: change

text: which

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: specific

text: standards

text: and

text: regulations

text: set

text: by

text: each

text: institution

text: or

text: course

text: department

text: Most

text: student

text: costs

text: are

text: supported

text: with

text: public

text: money

text: However

text: with

text: the

text: increasing

text: tuition

text: fees

text: a

text: student

text: has

text: to

text: pay

text: to

text: attend

text: a

text: Portuguese

text: state

text: run

text: higher

text: education

text: institution

text: and

text: the

text: attraction

text: of

text: new

text: types

text: of

text: students

text: many

text: as

text: part

text: time

text: students

text: or

text: in

text: evening

text: classes

text: like

text: employees

text: businessmen

text: parents

text: and

text: pensioners

text: many

text: departments

text: make

text: a

text: substantial

text: profit

text: from

text: every

text: additional

text: student

text: enrolled

text: in

text: courses

text: with

text: benefits

text: for

text: the

text: college

text: or

text: university

text: 's

text: gross

text: tuition

text: revenue

text: and

text: without

text: loss

text: of

text: educational

text: quality

text: teacher

text: per

text: student

text: computer

text: per

text: student

text: classroom

text: size

text: per

text: student

text: etc

question: When was the Bologna process adopted?

answer: 2006

question: What are most higher education student costs supported with?

answer: public money

text: public money

question: Over what age are higher education applicants considered mature?

answer: over 23 years old

text: over 23 years old


text: During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Israel as a Hellenistic vassal. This period also saw the rise of a Hellenistic Judaism, which first developed in the Jewish diaspora of Alexandria and Antioch, and then spread to Judea. The major literary product of this cultural syncretism is the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible from Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic to Koiné Greek. The reason for the production of this translation seems to be that many of the Alexandrian Jews had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and Aramaic.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: During

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: Judea

text: became

text: a

text: frontier

text: region

text: between

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: Empire

text: and

text: Ptolemaic

text: Egypt

text: and

text: therefore

text: was

text: often

text: the

text: frontline

text: of

text: the

text: Syrian

text: wars

text: changing

text: hands

text: several

text: times

text: during

text: these

text: conflicts

text: Under

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: kingdoms

text: Judea

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: hereditary

text: office

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Israel

text: as

text: a

text: Hellenistic

text: vassal

text: This

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: a

text: Hellenistic

text: Judaism

text: which

text: first

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Jewish

text: diaspora

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: Antioch

text: and

text: then

text: spread

text: to

text: Judea

text: The

text: major

text: literary

text: product

text: of

text: this

text: cultural

text: syncretism

text: is

text: the

text: Septuagint

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: from

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: Biblical

text: Aramaic

text: to

text: Koiné

text: Greek

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: this

text: translation

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: Jews

text: had

text: lost

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: speak

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: Aramaic

question: What are was in between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt during Hellenistic times?

answer: Judea

text: Judea

question: What religion rose in Judea durring the Hellenistic period?

answer: Judaism

text: Judaism

question: Hellenistic Judaism was developed in Alexandria and what other region?

answer: Antioch

text: Antioch

question: Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period?

answer: High Priest of Israel

text: High Priest of Israel

question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit.

answer: y of

text: y of


text: The ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim population included numerous crypto-Christians, including the Linobambaki, a crypto-Catholic community that arose due to religious persecution of the Catholic community by the Ottoman authorities; this community would assimilate into the Turkish Cypriot community during British rule.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: ratio

text: of

text: Muslims

text: to

text: Christians

text: fluctuated

text: throughout

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: domination

text: In

text: Muslims

text: constituted

text: a

text: majority

text: over

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: Christians

text: By

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: risen

text: to

text: comprising

text: Muslims

text: and

text: Christians

text: The

text: Muslim

text: population

text: included

text: numerous

text: crypto

text: Christians

text: including

text: the

text: Linobambaki

text: a

text: crypto

text: Catholic

text: community

text: that

text: arose

text: due

text: to

text: religious

text: persecution

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: community

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: authorities

text: this

text: community

text: would

text: assimilate

text: into

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: community

text: during

text: British

text: rule

question: How many Muslims made up the island's population in 1777-78?

answer: 47,000

question: How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78?

answer: 37,000

question: What was the population of the island in 1872?

answer: 144,000

question: In 1872 the island contained how many Muslims?

answer: 44,000

question: In 1872 the island contained how many Christians?

answer: 100,000


text: CDO issuance grew from an estimated $20 billion in Q1 2004 to its peak of over $180 billion by Q1 2007, then declined back under $20 billion by Q1 2008. Further, the credit quality of CDO's declined from 2000 to 2007, as the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increased from 5% to 36% of CDO assets. As described in the section on subprime lending, the CDS and portfolio of CDS called synthetic CDO enabled a theoretically infinite amount to be wagered on the finite value of housing loans outstanding, provided that buyers and sellers of the derivatives could be found. For example, buying a CDS to insure a CDO ended up giving the seller the same risk as if they owned the CDO, when those CDO's became worthless.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: CDO

text: issuance

text: grew

text: from

text: an

text: estimated

text: billion

text: in

text: to

text: its

text: peak

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: by

text: then

text: declined

text: back

text: under

text: billion

text: by

text: Further

text: the

text: credit

text: quality

text: of

text: CDO

text: 's

text: declined

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: subprime

text: and

text: other

text: non

text: prime

text: mortgage

text: debt

text: increased

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: CDO

text: assets

text: As

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: section

text: on

text: subprime

text: lending

text: the

text: CDS

text: and

text: portfolio

text: of

text: CDS

text: called

text: synthetic

text: CDO

text: enabled

text: a

text: theoretically

text: infinite

text: amount

text: to

text: be

text: wagered

text: on

text: the

text: finite

text: value

text: of

text: housing

text: loans

text: outstanding

text: provided

text: that

text: buyers

text: and

text: sellers

text: of

text: the

text: derivatives

text: could

text: be

text: found

text: For

text: example

text: buying

text: a

text: CDS

text: to

text: insure

text: a

text: CDO

text: ended

text: up

text: giving

text: the

text: seller

text: the

text: same

text: risk

text: as

text: if

text: they

text: owned

text: the

text: CDO

text: when

text: those

text: CDO

text: 's

text: became

text: worthless

question: When did the issuance of CDO peak?

answer: Q1 2007

text: Q1 2007

question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2004?

answer: $20 billion

text: $20 billion

question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance at it's peak in Q1 2007?

answer: over $180 billion

text: over $180 billion

question: What percent of CDO assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007?

answer: 36%

question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2008?

answer: under $20 billion

text: under $20 billion


text: The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: semi

text: arid

text: high

text: plains

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: northwestern

text: corner

text: harbor

text: few

text: natural

text: forests

text: the

text: region

text: has

text: a

text: rolling

text: to

text: flat

text: landscape

text: with

text: intermittent

text: canyons

text: and

text: mesa

text: ranges

text: like

text: the

text: Glass

text: Mountains

text: Partial

text: plains

text: interrupted

text: by

text: small

text: sky

text: island

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: like

text: the

text: Antelope

text: Hills

text: and

text: the

text: Wichita

text: Mountains

text: dot

text: southwestern

text: Oklahoma

text: transitional

text: prairie

text: and

text: oak

text: savannahs

text: cover

text: the

text: central

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: Ozark

text: and

text: Ouachita

text: Mountains

text: rise

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: eastern

text: third

text: gradually

text: increasing

text: in

text: elevation

text: in

text: an

text: eastward

text: direction

question: What is an example of a mesa range?

answer: Glass Mountains

text: Glass Mountains

question: What part of Oklahoma is the Antelope Hills in?

answer: southwestern

text: southwestern

question: What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs?

answer: central

text: central

question: What mountains are in Oklahoma's eastern third?

answer: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains

text: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains

question: In which direction do the Ozark mountains get higher?

answer: eastward

text: eastward


text: The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: interwar

text: period

text: was

text: also

text: marked

text: by

text: a

text: radical

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: international

text: order

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: that

text: had

text: dominated

text: pre

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Europe

text: One

text: main

text: institution

text: that

text: was

text: meant

text: to

text: bring

text: stability

text: was

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: which

text: was

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: maintaining

text: world

text: security

text: and

text: peace

text: and

text: encouraging

text: economic

text: growth

text: between

text: member

text: countries

text: The

text: League

text: was

text: undermined

text: by

text: the

text: bellicosity

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: Imperial

text: Japan

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: Mussolini

text: 's

text: Italy

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: non

text: participation

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: leading

text: many

text: to

text: question

text: its

text: effectiveness

text: and

text: legitimacy

question: When was The League of Nations created?

answer: after the First World War

text: after the First World War

question: What was the Interwar period marked by?

answer: radical change in the international order

text: radical change in the international order

question: What institution was meant to bring stability?

answer: the League of Nations

text: the League of Nations

question: What effect did the  undermining of The league of Nations have on the people?

answer: leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.

text: leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.

question: Who undermined  The League Of Nations?

answer: bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States

text: bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States


text: Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Russian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: or

text: has

text: similar

text: status

text: and

text: interpretation

text: must

text: be

text: provided

text: into

text: Russian

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: International

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Agency

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: International

text: Civil

text: Aviation

text: Organization

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Intellectual

text: Property

text: Organization

text: International

text: Telecommunication

text: Union

text: World

text: Meteorological

text: Organization

text: Food

text: and

text: Agriculture

text: Organization

text: International

text: Fund

text: for

text: Agricultural

text: Development

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Court

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: Universal

text: Postal

text: Union

text: World

text: Bank

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Independent

text: States

text: Organization

text: for

text: Security

text: and

text: Co

text: operation

text: in

text: Europe

text: Shanghai

text: Cooperation

text: Organisation

text: Eurasian

text: Economic

text: Community

text: Collective

text: Security

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Secretariat

text: International

text: Organization

text: for

text: Standardization

text: GUAM

text: Organization

text: for

text: Democracy

text: and

text: Economic

text: Development

text: International

text: Mathematical

text: Olympiad

text: The

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: official

text: languages

text: aboard

text: the

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: NASA

text: astronauts

text: who

text: serve

text: alongside

text: Russian

text: cosmonauts

text: usually

text: take

text: Russian

text: language

text: courses

text: This

text: practice

text: goes

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Apollo

text: Soyuz

text: mission

text: which

text: first

text: flew

text: in

question: When did Apollo-Soyuz fly?

answer: 1975

question: For which mission did NASA astronauts first learn Russian?

answer: Apollo-Soyuz

text: Apollo-Soyuz

question: What math competition has Russian as an official language?

answer: International Mathematical Olympiad

text: International Mathematical Olympiad

question: What are Russian astronauts called?

answer: cosmonauts

text: cosmonauts


text: Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: Ali

text: was

text: assassinated

text: in

text: by

text: a

text: Kharijite

text: partisan

text: Six

text: months

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: interest

text: of

text: peace

text: Hasan

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: highly

text: regarded

text: for

text: his

text: wisdom

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: peacemaker

text: and

text: the

text: Second

text: Imam

text: for

text: the

text: Shias

text: and

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: made

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: with

text: Muawiyah

text: I.

text: In

text: the

text: Hasan

text: Muawiya

text: treaty

text: Hasan

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: handed

text: over

text: power

text: to

text: Muawiya

text: on

text: the

text: condition

text: that

text: he

text: be

text: just

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: keep

text: them

text: safe

text: and

text: secure

text: and

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: he

text: not

text: establish

text: a

text: dynasty

text: This

text: brought

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: Rightly

text: Guided

text: Caliphs

text: for

text: the

text: Sunnis

text: and

text: Hasan

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: last

text: Imam

text: for

text: the

text: Shias

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Caliph

text: Following

text: this

text: Mu'awiyah

text: broke

text: the

text: conditions

text: of

text: the

text: agreement

text: and

text: began

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: dynasty

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: Damascus

question: In what year was Ali killed?

answer: 661

question: Who killed Ali?

answer: Kharijite partisan

text: Kharijite partisan

question: Who made peace with Muawiyah I?

answer: Hasan ibn Ali

text: Hasan ibn Ali

question: Where was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty?

answer: Damascus

text: Damascus


text: The 15th century was a time of Islamic economic expansion, known as the Valencian Golden Age, in which culture and the arts flourished. Concurrent population growth made Valencia the most populous city in the Crown of Aragon. Local industry, led by textile production, reached a great development, and a financial institution, the Canvi de Taula, was created to support municipal banking operations; Valencian bankers lent funds to Queen Isabella I of Castile for Columbus's voyage in 1492. At the end of the century the Silk Exchange (Llotja de la Seda) building was erected as the city became a commercial emporium that attracted merchants from all over Europe.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: The

text: century

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: Islamic

text: economic

text: expansion

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Valencian

text: Golden

text: Age

text: in

text: which

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: flourished

text: Concurrent

text: population

text: growth

text: made

text: Valencia

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: Local

text: industry

text: led

text: by

text: textile

text: production

text: reached

text: a

text: great

text: development

text: and

text: a

text: financial

text: institution

text: the

text: Canvi

text: de

text: Taula

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: support

text: municipal

text: banking

text: operations

text: Valencian

text: bankers

text: lent

text: funds

text: to

text: Queen

text: Isabella

text: I

text: of

text: Castile

text: for

text: Columbus

text: 's

text: voyage

text: in

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Silk

text: Exchange

text: Llotja

text: de

text: la

text: Seda

text: building

text: was

text: erected

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: became

text: a

text: commercial

text: emporium

text: that

text: attracted

text: merchants

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: Europe

question: When was the Valencian Golden Age?

answer: 15th century

text: 15th century

question: Of what area was Valencia the largest city?

answer: Crown of Aragon

text: Crown of Aragon

question: What building attracted merchants from other countries to Valencia?

answer: Silk Exchange

text: Silk Exchange

question: Who borrowed money from Valencian bankers in 1492?

answer: Queen Isabella I of Castile

text: Queen Isabella I of Castile

question: What was Valencia's leading industry?

answer: textile production

text: textile production


text: Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Within

text: Buddhism

text: samsara

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: continual

text: repetitive

text: cycle

text: of

text: birth

text: and

text: death

text: that

text: arises

text: from

text: ordinary

text: beings

text: grasping

text: and

text: fixating

text: on

text: a

text: self

text: and

text: experiences

text: Specifically

text: samsara

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: cycling

text: through

text: one

text: rebirth

text: after

text: another

text: within

text: the

text: six

text: realms

text: of

text: existence,[note

text: where

text: each

text: realm

text: can

text: be

text: understood

text: as

text: physical

text: realm

text: or

text: a

text: psychological

text: state

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: particular

text: type

text: of

text: suffering

text: Samsara

text: arises

text: out

text: of

text: avidya

text: ignorance

text: and

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: dukkha

text: suffering

text: anxiety

text: dissatisfaction

text: In

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: view

text: liberation

text: from

text: samsara

text: is

text: possible

text: by

text: following

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: path

question: What is samsara?

answer: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death

text: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death

question: What is avidya?

answer: ignorance

text: ignorance

question: What is dukkha?

answer: suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction

text: suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction

question: Is liberation from samsara possible?

answer: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.

text: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.

question: The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?

answer: Samsara

text: Samsara

question: How many realms of existence are there in Buddhism?

answer: six

text: six

question: avidya is what kind of samsara?

answer: ignorance

text: ignorance

question: How can you be freed from samsara?

answer: by following the Buddhist path

text: by following the Buddhist path

question: What is samsara defined as?

answer: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death

text: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death

question: How many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths?

answer: six

text: six

question: Realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states?

answer: psychological

text: psychological

question: Samsara is caused by what?

answer: avidya

text: avidya

question: A person can get away from samsara by doing what?

answer: following the Buddhist path

text: following the Buddhist path


text: Developed countries have people with more resources (housing, food, transportation, water and sewage treatment, hospitals, health care, libraries, books, media, schools, the internet, education, etc.) than most of the world's population. One merely needs to see through travel or the media how many people in the undeveloped countries live to sense this. However, one can also use economic data to gain some insight into this. Yet criticism and blame are common among people in the developed countries.

title: Education

title: Education

text: Developed

text: countries

text: have

text: people

text: with

text: more

text: resources

text: housing

text: food

text: transportation

text: water

text: and

text: sewage

text: treatment

text: hospitals

text: health

text: care

text: libraries

text: books

text: media

text: schools

text: the

text: internet

text: education

text: etc

text: than

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: One

text: merely

text: needs

text: to

text: see

text: through

text: travel

text: or

text: the

text: media

text: how

text: many

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: undeveloped

text: countries

text: live

text: to

text: sense

text: this

text: However

text: one

text: can

text: also

text: use

text: economic

text: data

text: to

text: gain

text: some

text: insight

text: into

text: this

text: Yet

text: criticism

text: and

text: blame

text: are

text: common

text: among

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: countries

question: What is the discrepancy between Developed and less developed countries?

answer: Developed countries have people with more resources

text: Developed countries have people with more resources

question: What resources do developed countries have better access to?

answer: housing, food, transportation

text: housing, food, transportation

question: What is common in developed countries?

answer: criticism and blame

text: criticism and blame


text: Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: Network

text: hardware

text: software

text: and

text: specifications

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: expertise

text: of

text: network

text: management

text: personnel

text: are

text: important

text: in

text: ensuring

text: that

text: data

text: follows

text: the

text: most

text: efficient

text: route

text: and

text: upstream

text: connections

text: work

text: reliably

text: A

text: tradeoff

text: between

text: cost

text: and

text: efficiency

text: is

text: possible.[citation

text: needed

question: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible?

answer: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

text: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

question: What sort of route does data follow?

answer: the most efficient route

text: the most efficient route


text: Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Mark

text: Z.

text: Jacobson

text: professor

text: of

text: civil

text: and

text: environmental

text: engineering

text: at

text: Stanford

text: University

text: and

text: director

text: of

text: its

text: Atmosphere

text: and

text: Energy

text: Program

text: says

text: producing

text: all

text: new

text: energy

text: with

text: wind

text: power

text: solar

text: power

text: and

text: hydropower

text: by

text: is

text: feasible

text: and

text: existing

text: energy

text: supply

text: arrangements

text: could

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: Barriers

text: to

text: implementing

text: the

text: renewable

text: energy

text: plan

text: are

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: primarily

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: not

text: technological

text: or

text: economic

text: Jacobson

text: says

text: that

text: energy

text: costs

text: with

text: a

text: wind

text: solar

text: water

text: system

text: should

text: be

text: similar

text: to

text: today

text: 's

text: energy

text: costs

question: Who is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University?

answer: Mark Z. Jacobson

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

question: What is a barrier to implementing the renewable energy plan?

answer: social and political

text: social and political

question: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?

answer: Mark Z. Jacobson

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

question: Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is feasible by what year?

answer: 2030


text: The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: The

text: motor

text: centers

text: of

text: reptiles

text: react

text: to

text: sensory

text: cues

text: of

text: vision

text: sound

text: touch

text: chemical

text: gravity

text: and

text: motion

text: with

text: pre

text: set

text: body

text: movements

text: and

text: programmed

text: postures

text: With

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: night

text: active

text: mammals

text: smell

text: replaced

text: vision

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: sense

text: and

text: a

text: different

text: way

text: of

text: responding

text: arose

text: from

text: the

text: olfactory

text: sense

text: which

text: is

text: proposed

text: to

text: have

text: developed

text: into

text: mammalian

text: emotion

text: and

text: emotional

text: memory

text: The

text: mammalian

text: brain

text: invested

text: heavily

text: in

text: olfaction

text: to

text: succeed

text: at

text: night

text: as

text: reptiles

text: slept

text: one

text: explanation

text: for

text: why

text: olfactory

text: lobes

text: in

text: mammalian

text: brains

text: are

text: proportionally

text: larger

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: reptiles

text: These

text: odor

text: pathways

text: gradually

text: formed

text: the

text: neural

text: blueprint

text: for

text: what

text: was

text: later

text: to

text: become

text: our

text: limbic

text: brain

question: What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?

answer: motor centers

text: motor centers

question: What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?

answer: smell

text: smell

question: Why were early mammals active at night?

answer: reptiles slept

text: reptiles slept

question: What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?

answer: limbic brain

text: limbic brain

question: How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles?

answer: larger

text: larger


text: Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: Italy

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: industrialized

text: country

text: again

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: post

text: war

text: economic

text: miracle

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: involved

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: powers

text: with

text: taxation

text: health

text: and

text: education

text: handled

text: by

text: the

text: nation

text: states

text: while

text: the

text: EU

text: had

text: charge

text: of

text: market

text: rules

text: competition

text: legal

text: standards

text: and

text: environmentalism

text: The

text: Soviet

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: system

text: collapsed

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: communism

text: in

text: the

text: satellite

text: countries

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: itself

text: in

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: Europe

text: 's

text: integration

text: deepened

text: the

text: continent

text: became

text: depolarised

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: expanded

text: to

text: subsequently

text: include

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: formerly

text: communist

text: European

text: countries

text: Romania

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: Croatia

question: What does EU stand for?

answer: European Union

text: European Union

question: What was the European Union tasked with managing?

answer: market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism

text: market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism

question: When did communism fall in allies of the Soviet Union?

answer: 1989

question: When did the USSR dissolve?

answer: 1991

question: In what year was Croatia admitted to the European Union?

answer: 2013


text: Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for Galileo's publicly regulated service. However, under International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency will have priority to that frequency, and any subsequent users will be required to obtain permission prior to using that frequency, and otherwise ensure that their broadcasts do not interfere with the original nation's broadcasts. It now appears that Chinese COMPASS satellites will start transmitting in the E1, E2, E5B, and E6 bands before Europe's Galileo satellites and thus have primary rights to these frequency ranges.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: Frequencies

text: for

text: COMPASS

text: are

text: allocated

text: in

text: four

text: bands

text: and

text: and

text: overlap

text: with

text: Galileo

text: The

text: fact

text: of

text: overlapping

text: could

text: be

text: convenient

text: from

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: receiver

text: design

text: but

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: raises

text: the

text: issues

text: of

text: inter

text: system

text: interference

text: especially

text: within

text: and

text: bands

text: which

text: are

text: allocated

text: for

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: publicly

text: regulated

text: service

text: However

text: under

text: International

text: Telecommunication

text: Union

text: ITU

text: policies

text: the

text: first

text: nation

text: to

text: start

text: broadcasting

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: frequency

text: will

text: have

text: priority

text: to

text: that

text: frequency

text: and

text: any

text: subsequent

text: users

text: will

text: be

text: required

text: to

text: obtain

text: permission

text: prior

text: to

text: using

text: that

text: frequency

text: and

text: otherwise

text: ensure

text: that

text: their

text: broadcasts

text: do

text: not

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: nation

text: 's

text: broadcasts

text: It

text: now

text: appears

text: that

text: Chinese

text: COMPASS

text: satellites

text: will

text: start

text: transmitting

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: bands

text: before

text: Europe

text: 's

text: Galileo

text: satellites

text: and

text: thus

text: have

text: primary

text: rights

text: to

text: these

text: frequency

text: ranges

question: How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use?

answer: four bands

text: four bands

question: What are the four bands of frequencies used by the COMPASS system called?

answer: E1, E2, E5B, and E6

text: E1, E2, E5B, and E6

question: Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system?

answer: E1 and E2

text: E1 and E2

question: Which bands are used by the Galileo system for their public service?

answer: E1 and E2

text: E1 and E2

question: According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band?

answer: the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency

text: the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency


text: The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: The

text: RSFSR

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: November

text: October

text: Revolution

text: as

text: a

text: sovereign

text: state

text: The

text: first

text: Constitution

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: the

text: Creation

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

question: On what date was the RSFSR established?

answer: November 7, 1917

text: November 7, 1917

question: What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?

answer: October Revolution

text: October Revolution

question: In what year was the Constitution adopted?

answer: 1918

question: The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year?

answer: 1922


text: The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Great

text: Depression

text: ended

text: at

text: different

text: times

text: in

text: different

text: countries

text: with

text: the

text: effect

text: lasting

text: into

text: the

text: next

text: era

text: America

text: 's

text: Great

text: Depression

text: ended

text: in

text: with

text: America

text: 's

text: entry

text: into

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: countries

text: set

text: up

text: relief

text: programs

text: and

text: most

text: underwent

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: political

text: upheaval

text: pushing

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: or

text: right

text: In

text: some

text: world

text: states

text: the

text: desperate

text: citizens

text: turned

text: toward

text: nationalist

text: demagogues

text: the

text: most

text: infamous

text: being

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: setting

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: era

text: of

text: war

text: The

text: convulsion

text: brought

text: on

text: by

text: the

text: worldwide

text: depression

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Nazism

text: In

text: Asia

text: Japan

text: became

text: an

text: ever

text: more

text: assertive

text: power

text: especially

text: with

text: regards

text: to

text: China

question: When did Americas Great Depression end?

answer: 1941

question: Who was the most notable Nationalist Demagogue the people turned to?

answer: Adolf Hitler

text: Adolf Hitler

question: In some world states who did the people turn to?

answer: nationalist demagogues

text: nationalist demagogues

question: What did the Convulsion caused by the global depression resul in?

answer: the rise of Nazism

text: the rise of Nazism


text: Schwarzenegger has consulted an attorney, Bob Kaufman. Kaufman has earlier handled divorce cases for celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon. Schwarzenegger will keep the Brentwood home as part of their divorce settlement and Shriver has purchased a new home nearby so that the children may travel easily between their parents' homes. They will share custody of the two minor children. Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney's fees. However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them. Schwarzenegger has filed amended divorce papers remedying this.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: consulted

text: an

text: attorney

text: Bob

text: Kaufman

text: Kaufman

text: has

text: earlier

text: handled

text: divorce

text: cases

text: for

text: celebrities

text: such

text: as

text: Jennifer

text: Aniston

text: and

text: Reese

text: Witherspoon

text: Schwarzenegger

text: will

text: keep

text: the

text: Brentwood

text: home

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: divorce

text: settlement

text: and

text: Shriver

text: has

text: purchased

text: a

text: new

text: home

text: nearby

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: children

text: may

text: travel

text: easily

text: between

text: their

text: parents

text: homes

text: They

text: will

text: share

text: custody

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: minor

text: children

text: Schwarzenegger

text: came

text: under

text: fire

text: after

text: the

text: initial

text: petition

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: spousal

text: support

text: and

text: a

text: reimbursement

text: of

text: attorney

text: 's

text: fees

text: However

text: he

text: claims

text: this

text: was

text: not

text: intentional

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: signed

text: the

text: initial

text: documents

text: without

text: having

text: properly

text: read

text: them

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: filed

text: amended

text: divorce

text: papers

text: remedying

text: this

question: Which attorney did Schwarzenegger consult to handle his divorce?

answer: Bob Kaufman

text: Bob Kaufman

question: Which of the two kept their family home in Brentwood?

answer: Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

question: Schwarzenegger's initial divorce petition failed to provide for attorney's fee reimbursement and what other condition of divorce?

answer: spousal support

text: spousal support


text: Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal was the second busiest Greyhound terminal in the United States, after the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York. Besides Greyhound, six other bus operators provide service to the Center City Greyhound terminal: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit. Other services include Megabus and Bolt Bus.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: major

text: hub

text: for

text: Greyhound

text: Lines

text: which

text: operates

text: service

text: to

text: points

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Most

text: of

text: Greyhound

text: 's

text: services

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: operate

text: to

text: from

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Greyhound

text: Terminal

text: located

text: at

text: Filbert

text: Street

text: in

text: Center

text: City

text: Philadelphia

text: In

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Greyhound

text: Terminal

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: busiest

text: Greyhound

text: terminal

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: Port

text: Authority

text: Bus

text: Terminal

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Besides

text: Greyhound

text: six

text: other

text: bus

text: operators

text: provide

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: Center

text: City

text: Greyhound

text: terminal

text: Bieber

text: Tourways

text: Capitol

text: Trailways

text: Martz

text: Trailways

text: Peter

text: Pan

text: Bus

text: Lines

text: Susquehanna

text: Trailways

text: and

text: the

text: bus

text: division

text: for

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Transit

text: Other

text: services

text: include

text: Megabus

text: and

text: Bolt

text: Bus

question: What bus line uses the city as a hub?

answer: Greyhound Lines

text: Greyhound Lines

question: Where is Greyhound terminal located?

answer: 1001 Filbert Street

text: 1001 Filbert Street

question: How many other bus companies operate from Philadelphia?

answer: six

text: six

question: What is the name of the six bus companies?

answer: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit

text: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit


text: One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park. Designed by I. M. Pei, the Crystal Bridge is a tropical conservatory in the area. The park has an amphitheater, known as the Water Stage. In 2007, following a renovation of the stage, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park relocated to the Myriad Gardens. The Myriad Gardens will undergo a massive renovation in conjunction with the recently built Devon Tower directly north of it.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: prominent

text: landmarks

text: downtown

text: is

text: the

text: Crystal

text: Bridge

text: at

text: the

text: Myriad

text: Botanical

text: Gardens

text: a

text: large

text: downtown

text: urban

text: park

text: Designed

text: by

text: I.

text: M.

text: Pei

text: the

text: Crystal

text: Bridge

text: is

text: a

text: tropical

text: conservatory

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: park

text: has

text: an

text: amphitheater

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Water

text: Stage

text: In

text: following

text: a

text: renovation

text: of

text: the

text: stage

text: Oklahoma

text: Shakespeare

text: in

text: the

text: Park

text: relocated

text: to

text: the

text: Myriad

text: Gardens

text: The

text: Myriad

text: Gardens

text: will

text: undergo

text: a

text: massive

text: renovation

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: recently

text: built

text: Devon

text: Tower

text: directly

text: north

text: of

text: it

question: Who designed the bridge?

answer: I. M. Pei

text: I. M. Pei

question: What is the name of the amphitheater located inside the Botanical Gardens?

answer: Water Stage

text: Water Stage


text: The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys. The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices' small screens; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics. The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999. Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired, and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing, racing, fighting, and MMORPGs. Other media forms have also been released.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: franchise

text: was

text: first

text: created

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: virtual

text: pets

text: akin

text: to

text: and

text: influenced

text: in

text: style

text: by

text: the

text: contemporary

text: Tamagotchi

text: or

text: nano

text: Giga

text: Pet

text: toys

text: The

text: creatures

text: were

text: first

text: designed

text: to

text: look

text: cute

text: and

text: iconic

text: even

text: on

text: the

text: devices

text: small

text: screens

text: later

text: developments

text: had

text: them

text: created

text: with

text: a

text: harder

text: edged

text: style

text: influenced

text: by

text: American

text: comics

text: The

text: franchise

text: gained

text: momentum

text: with

text: its

text: first

text: anime

text: incarnation

text: Digimon

text: Adventure

text: and

text: an

text: early

text: video

text: game

text: Digimon

text: World

text: both

text: released

text: in

text: Several

text: seasons

text: of

text: the

text: anime

text: and

text: films

text: based

text: on

text: them

text: have

text: aired

text: and

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: series

text: has

text: expanded

text: into

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: role

text: playing

text: racing

text: fighting

text: and

text: MMORPGs

text: Other

text: media

text: forms

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: released

question: When did Digimon first appear?

answer: 1997

question: Name the original Digimon anime.

answer: Digimon Adventure

text: Digimon Adventure

question: Name the Digimon video game that was released in 1999.

answer: Digimon World

text: Digimon World

question: Name two types of toys the original Digimon bore a close resemblence to.

answer: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys

text: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys

question: When was the Digimon series created?

answer: 1997

question: What influenced the look of the Digimons?

answer: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys

text: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys

question: In what year was the Digimon video game released?

answer: 1999


text: By the late 1990s, blue LEDs became widely available. They have an active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN, called cladding layers. By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells, the light emission can in theory be varied from violet to amber. Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) of varying Al/Ga fraction can be used to manufacture the cladding and quantum well layers for ultraviolet LEDs, but these devices have not yet reached the level of efficiency and technological maturity of InGaN/GaN blue/green devices. If un-alloyed GaN is used in this case to form the active quantum well layers, the device will emit near-ultraviolet light with a peak wavelength centred around 365 nm. Green LEDs manufactured from the InGaN/GaN system are far more efficient and brighter than green LEDs produced with non-nitride material systems, but practical devices still exhibit efficiency too low for high-brightness applications.[citation needed]

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: became

text: widely

text: available

text: They

text: have

text: an

text: active

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: InGaN

text: quantum

text: wells

text: sandwiched

text: between

text: thicker

text: layers

text: of

text: GaN

text: called

text: cladding

text: layers

text: By

text: varying

text: the

text: relative

text: In

text: Ga

text: fraction

text: in

text: the

text: InGaN

text: quantum

text: wells

text: the

text: light

text: emission

text: can

text: in

text: theory

text: be

text: varied

text: from

text: violet

text: to

text: amber

text: Aluminium

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: AlGaN

text: of

text: varying

text: Al

text: Ga

text: fraction

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: manufacture

text: the

text: cladding

text: and

text: quantum

text: well

text: layers

text: for

text: ultraviolet

text: LEDs

text: but

text: these

text: devices

text: have

text: not

text: yet

text: reached

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: efficiency

text: and

text: technological

text: maturity

text: of

text: InGaN

text: GaN

text: blue

text: green

text: devices

text: If

text: un

text: alloyed

text: GaN

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: active

text: quantum

text: well

text: layers

text: the

text: device

text: will

text: emit

text: near

text: ultraviolet

text: light

text: with

text: a

text: peak

text: wavelength

text: centred

text: around

text: nm

text: Green

text: LEDs

text: manufactured

text: from

text: the

text: InGaN

text: GaN

text: system

text: are

text: far

text: more

text: efficient

text: and

text: brighter

text: than

text: green

text: LEDs

text: produced

text: with

text: non

text: nitride

text: material

text: systems

text: but

text: practical

text: devices

text: still

text: exhibit

text: efficiency

text: too

text: low

text: for

text: high

text: brightness

text: applications.[citation

text: needed

question: What are cladding layers?

answer: active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN

text: active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN

question: How can light emission be varied from violet to amber?

answer: By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells

text: By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells

question: What does AlGaN stand for?

answer: Aluminium gallium nitride

text: Aluminium gallium nitride

question: What LEDs are more efficient when produced from the InGaN/GaN systems than without?

answer: Green

text: Green


text: In September 1998, the Fraunhofer Institute sent a letter to several developers of MP3 software stating that a license was required to "distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders". The letter claimed that unlicensed products "infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson. To make, sell and/or distribute products using the [MPEG Layer-3] standard and thus our patents, you need to obtain a license under these patents from us."

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: Fraunhofer

text: Institute

text: sent

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: several

text: developers

text: of

text: software

text: stating

text: that

text: a

text: license

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: distribute

text: and/or

text: sell

text: decoders

text: and/or

text: encoders

text: The

text: letter

text: claimed

text: that

text: unlicensed

text: products

text: infringe

text: the

text: patent

text: rights

text: of

text: Fraunhofer

text: and

text: Thomson

text: To

text: make

text: sell

text: and/or

text: distribute

text: products

text: using

text: the

text: MPEG

text: standard

text: and

text: thus

text: our

text: patents

text: you

text: need

text: to

text: obtain

text: a

text: license

text: under

text: these

text: patents

text: from

text: us

question: When did the Fraunhofer institute send out a letter?

answer: September 1998

text: September 1998

question: What did the letter claim would be required to distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders?

answer: a license

text: a license

question: What does selling unlicensed products mean that the seller is doing?

answer: infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson

text: infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson

question: What can products not use if they want to avoid infringing on patent rights?

answer: the [MPEG Layer-3] standard

text: the [MPEG Layer-3] standard