text: An adolescent's environment plays a huge role in their identity development. While most adolescent studies are conducted on white, middle class children, studies show that the more privileged upbringing people have, the more successfully they develop their identity. The forming of an adolescent's identity is a crucial time in their life. It has been recently found that demographic patterns suggest that the transition to adulthood is now occurring over a longer span of years than was the case during the middle of the 20th century. Accordingly, youth, a period that spans late adolescence and early adulthood, has become a more prominent stage of the life course. This therefore has caused various factors to become important during this development. So many factors contribute to the developing social identity of an adolescent from commitment, to coping devices, to social media. All of these factors are affected by the environment an adolescent grows up in. A child from a more privileged upbringing is exposed to more opportunities and better situations in general. An adolescent from an inner city or a crime-driven neighborhood is more likely to be exposed to an environment that can be detrimental to their development. Adolescence is a sensitive period in the development process, and exposure to the wrong things at that time can have a major effect on future decisions. While children that grow up in nice suburban communities are not exposed to bad environments they are more likely to participate in activities that can benefit their identity and contribute to a more successful identity development.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: An

text: adolescent

text: 's

text: environment

text: plays

text: a

text: huge

text: role

text: in

text: their

text: identity

text: development

text: While

text: most

text: adolescent

text: studies

text: are

text: conducted

text: on

text: white

text: middle

text: class

text: children

text: studies

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: more

text: privileged

text: upbringing

text: people

text: have

text: the

text: more

text: successfully

text: they

text: develop

text: their

text: identity

text: The

text: forming

text: of

text: an

text: adolescent

text: 's

text: identity

text: is

text: a

text: crucial

text: time

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: recently

text: found

text: that

text: demographic

text: patterns

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: transition

text: to

text: adulthood

text: is

text: now

text: occurring

text: over

text: a

text: longer

text: span

text: of

text: years

text: than

text: was

text: the

text: case

text: during

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Accordingly

text: youth

text: a

text: period

text: that

text: spans

text: late

text: adolescence

text: and

text: early

text: adulthood

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: more

text: prominent

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: course

text: This

text: therefore

text: has

text: caused

text: various

text: factors

text: to

text: become

text: important

text: during

text: this

text: development

text: So

text: many

text: factors

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: developing

text: social

text: identity

text: of

text: an

text: adolescent

text: from

text: commitment

text: to

text: coping

text: devices

text: to

text: social

text: media

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: factors

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: environment

text: an

text: adolescent

text: grows

text: up

text: in

text: A

text: child

text: from

text: a

text: more

text: privileged

text: upbringing

text: is

text: exposed

text: to

text: more

text: opportunities

text: and

text: better

text: situations

text: in

text: general

text: An

text: adolescent

text: from

text: an

text: inner

text: city

text: or

text: a

text: crime

text: driven

text: neighborhood

text: is

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: exposed

text: to

text: an

text: environment

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: detrimental

text: to

text: their

text: development

text: Adolescence

text: is

text: a

text: sensitive

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: process

text: and

text: exposure

text: to

text: the

text: wrong

text: things

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: can

text: have

text: a

text: major

text: effect

text: on

text: future

text: decisions

text: While

text: children

text: that

text: grow

text: up

text: in

text: nice

text: suburban

text: communities

text: are

text: not

text: exposed

text: to

text: bad

text: environments

text: they

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: activities

text: that

text: can

text: benefit

text: their

text: identity

text: and

text: contribute

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: successful

text: identity

text: development

question: Which adolescent ethninticy is most often studied?

answer: white

text: white

question: What social class of adolescents is most often studied?

answer: middle class

text: middle class

question: The period of one's life that spans late adolescence and early adulthood is known as what?

answer: youth

text: youth

question: Is an inner city or crime-driven neighborhood more or less likely to be detrimental to one's development?

answer: more likely

text: more likely

question: Why are children from suburban communities more likely to participate in activies that benefit their identity?

answer: exposed to more opportunities and better situations in general

text: exposed to more opportunities and better situations in general


text: Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: are

text: divided

text: among

text: different

text: countries

text: Somalia

text: Djibouti

text: Ethiopia

text: and

text: northeastern

text: Kenya

text: that

text: were

text: artificially

text: and

text: some

text: might

text: say

text: arbitrarily

text: partitioned

text: by

text: the

text: former

text: imperial

text: powers

text: Pan

text: Somalism

text: is

text: an

text: ideology

text: that

text: advocates

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: all

text: ethnic

text: Somalis

text: once

text: part

text: of

text: Somali

text: empires

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Ajuran

text: Empire

text: the

text: Adal

text: Sultanate

text: the

text: Gobroon

text: Dynasty

text: and

text: the

text: Dervish

text: State

text: under

text: one

text: flag

text: and

text: one

text: nation

text: The

text: Siad

text: Barre

text: regime

text: actively

text: promoted

text: Pan

text: Somalism

text: which

text: eventually

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Ogaden

text: War

text: between

text: Somalia

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: Cuba

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: on

text: the

text: other

question: Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?

answer: Ethiopia

text: Ethiopia

question: In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?

answer: northeastern

text: northeastern

question: What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country?

answer: Pan-Somalism

text: Pan-Somalism

question: Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia?

answer: Cuba

text: Cuba

question: What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia?

answer: the Ogaden War

text: the Ogaden War


text: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of the USB 3.1 suite. It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate Type-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased VBUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: USB

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: revision

text: specification

text: has

text: been

text: released

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: USB

text: suite

text: It

text: covers

text: the

text: Type

text: C

text: cable

text: and

text: connector

text: with

text: four

text: power

text: ground

text: pairs

text: and

text: a

text: separate

text: configuration

text: channel

text: which

text: now

text: hosts

text: a

text: DC

text: coupled

text: low

text: frequency

text: BMC

text: coded

text: data

text: channel

text: that

text: reduces

text: the

text: possibilities

text: for

text: RF

text: interference

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: protocols

text: have

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: facilitate

text: Type

text: C

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: cable

text: ID

text: function

text: Alternate

text: Mode

text: negotiation

text: increased

text: VBUS

text: currents

text: and

text: VCONN

text: powered

text: accessories

question: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of what?

answer: USB 3.1

text: USB 3.1

question: What does the USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification cover?

answer: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel

text: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel

question: Power delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate what?

answer: Type-C features

text: Type-C features


text: A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts its prey, the prey population will lower to numbers that are too scarce for the predators to find. This will cause the predator population to dip, decreasing the predation pressure on the prey population. The decrease in predators will allow the small number of prey left to slowly increase their population to somewhere around their previous abundance, which will allow the predator population to increase in response to the greater availability of resources. If a predator hunts its prey species to numbers too low to sustain the population in the short term, they can cause not only the extinction or extirpation of the prey but also the extinction of their own species, a phenomenon known as coextinction. This is a risk that wildlife conservationists encounter when introducing predators to prey that have not coevolved with the same or similar predators. This possibility depends largely on how well and how fast the prey species is able to adapt to the introduced predator. One way that this risk can be avoided is if the predator finds an alternative prey species or if an alternative prey species is introduced (something that ecologists and environmentalists try to avoid whenever possible). An alternative prey species would help to lift some of the predation pressure from the initial prey species, giving the population a chance to recover, however it does not guarantee that the initial prey species will be able to recover as the initial prey population may have been hunted to below sustainable numbers or to complete extinction.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: A

text: predator

text: 's

text: effect

text: on

text: its

text: prey

text: species

text: is

text: hard

text: to

text: see

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: term

text: However

text: if

text: observed

text: over

text: a

text: longer

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: it

text: is

text: seen

text: that

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: a

text: predator

text: will

text: correlationally

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: with

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: its

text: prey

text: in

text: a

text: cycle

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: boom

text: and

text: bust

text: cycle

text: of

text: economics

text: If

text: a

text: predator

text: overhunts

text: its

text: prey

text: the

text: prey

text: population

text: will

text: lower

text: to

text: numbers

text: that

text: are

text: too

text: scarce

text: for

text: the

text: predators

text: to

text: find

text: This

text: will

text: cause

text: the

text: predator

text: population

text: to

text: dip

text: decreasing

text: the

text: predation

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: prey

text: population

text: The

text: decrease

text: in

text: predators

text: will

text: allow

text: the

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: prey

text: left

text: to

text: slowly

text: increase

text: their

text: population

text: to

text: somewhere

text: around

text: their

text: previous

text: abundance

text: which

text: will

text: allow

text: the

text: predator

text: population

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: greater

text: availability

text: of

text: resources

text: If

text: a

text: predator

text: hunts

text: its

text: prey

text: species

text: to

text: numbers

text: too

text: low

text: to

text: sustain

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: term

text: they

text: can

text: cause

text: not

text: only

text: the

text: extinction

text: or

text: extirpation

text: of

text: the

text: prey

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: species

text: a

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: coextinction

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: risk

text: that

text: wildlife

text: conservationists

text: encounter

text: when

text: introducing

text: predators

text: to

text: prey

text: that

text: have

text: not

text: coevolved

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: similar

text: predators

text: This

text: possibility

text: depends

text: largely

text: on

text: how

text: well

text: and

text: how

text: fast

text: the

text: prey

text: species

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: adapt

text: to

text: the

text: introduced

text: predator

text: One

text: way

text: that

text: this

text: risk

text: can

text: be

text: avoided

text: is

text: if

text: the

text: predator

text: finds

text: an

text: alternative

text: prey

text: species

text: or

text: if

text: an

text: alternative

text: prey

text: species

text: is

text: introduced

text: something

text: that

text: ecologists

text: and

text: environmentalists

text: try

text: to

text: avoid

text: whenever

text: possible

text: An

text: alternative

text: prey

text: species

text: would

text: help

text: to

text: lift

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: predation

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: initial

text: prey

text: species

text: giving

text: the

text: population

text: a

text: chance

text: to

text: recover

text: however

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: guarantee

text: that

text: the

text: initial

text: prey

text: species

text: will

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: recover

text: as

text: the

text: initial

text: prey

text: population

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: hunted

text: to

text: below

text: sustainable

text: numbers

text: or

text: to

text: complete

text: extinction

question: When a predator hunts too much of its prey, causing both populations to dissappear, the phenomenon is called what?

answer: coextinction

text: coextinction

question: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?

answer: longer period of time

text: longer period of time

question: The rise and fall of predator and prey populations are similar to what, in the US economy?

answer: boom and bust cycle of economics

text: boom and bust cycle of economics


text: The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: The

text: ultimate

text: substantive

text: legacy

text: of

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: is

text: mixed

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: accepted

text: that

text: Kurt

text: Gödel

text: 's

text: incompleteness

text: theorem

text: of

text: definitively

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: for

text: any

text: set

text: of

text: axioms

text: and

text: inference

text: rules

text: proposed

text: to

text: encapsulate

text: mathematics

text: there

text: would

text: in

text: fact

text: be

text: some

text: truths

text: of

text: mathematics

text: which

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: deduced

text: from

text: them

text: and

text: hence

text: that

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: could

text: never

text: achieve

text: its

text: aims

text: However

text: Gödel

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: this

text: conclusion

text: without

text: Whitehead

text: and

text: Russell

text: 's

text: book

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: 's

text: legacy

text: might

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: its

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: disproving

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: achieving

text: its

text: own

text: stated

text: goals

text: But

text: beyond

text: this

text: somewhat

text: ironic

text: legacy

text: the

text: book

text: popularized

text: modern

text: mathematical

text: logic

text: and

text: drew

text: important

text: connections

text: between

text: logic

text: epistemology

text: and

text: metaphysics

question: Despite its imperfection, what are now considered valuable achievements of Principia Mathematica?

answer: the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics

text: the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics

question: What is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules declared in Principia Mathematica?

answer: mixed

text: mixed

question: Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931?

answer: Kurt Gödel

text: Kurt Gödel

question: What did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica?

answer: for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced

text: for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced

question: Why was Gödels finding ironic?

answer: Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book

text: Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book

question: When was Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem?

answer: 1931

question: What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules?

answer: some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them

text: some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them

question: Godel couldn't have come to his conclusion without what book?

answer: Principia Mathematica

text: Principia Mathematica

question: Besides logic and epistemology, what else did Principia Mathematica connect?

answer: metaphysics

text: metaphysics


text: The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Moltke's ability to control large formations spread out over significant distances. The Chief of the General Staff, effectively the commander in chief of the Prussian army, was independent of the minister of war and answered only to the monarch. The French General Staff—along with those of every other European military—was little better than a collection of assistants for the line commanders. This disorganization hampered the French commanders' ability to exercise control of their forces.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Prussian

text: General

text: Staff

text: developed

text: by

text: Moltke

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: extremely

text: effective

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: French

text: school

text: This

text: was

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Prussian

text: General

text: Staff

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: study

text: previous

text: Prussian

text: operations

text: and

text: learn

text: to

text: avoid

text: mistakes

text: The

text: structure

text: also

text: greatly

text: strengthened

text: Moltke

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: control

text: large

text: formations

text: spread

text: out

text: over

text: significant

text: distances

text: The

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: effectively

text: the

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: army

text: was

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: minister

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: answered

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: monarch

text: The

text: French

text: General

text: Staff

text: along

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: every

text: other

text: European

text: military

text: was

text: little

text: better

text: than

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: assistants

text: for

text: the

text: line

text: commanders

text: This

text: disorganization

text: hampered

text: the

text: French

text: commanders

text: ability

text: to

text: exercise

text: control

text: of

text: their

text: forces

question: The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?

answer: extremely effective

text: extremely effective

question: What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study?

answer: previous Prussian operations

text: previous Prussian operations

question: What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?

answer: learn to avoid mistakes

text: learn to avoid mistakes

question: The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?

answer: significant distances

text: significant distances

question: Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army?

answer: The Chief of the General Staff

text: The Chief of the General Staff


text: The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, unchanging constituents (atomism)? Does it have intrinsic properties (substance theory), or is it lacking them (prima materia)?

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: The

text: nature

text: and

text: definition

text: of

text: matter

text: like

text: other

text: key

text: concepts

text: in

text: science

text: and

text: philosophy

text: have

text: occasioned

text: much

text: debate

text: Is

text: there

text: a

text: single

text: kind

text: of

text: matter

text: hyle

text: which

text: everything

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: or

text: multiple

text: kinds

text: Is

text: matter

text: a

text: continuous

text: substance

text: capable

text: of

text: expressing

text: multiple

text: forms

text: hylomorphism

text: or

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: discrete

text: unchanging

text: constituents

text: atomism

text: Does

text: it

text: have

text: intrinsic

text: properties

text: substance

text: theory

text: or

text: is

text: it

text: lacking

text: them

text: prima

text: materia

question: What is hyle?

answer: matter

text: matter


text: Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Some

text: scholars

text: note

text: that

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: during

text: the

text: Ming

text: frequently

text: engaged

text: in

text: civil

text: war

text: and

text: conducted

text: their

text: own

text: foreign

text: diplomacy

text: with

text: neighboring

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: Nepal

text: Some

text: scholars

text: underscore

text: the

text: commercial

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: Tibetan

text: relationship

text: noting

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: shortage

text: of

text: horses

text: for

text: warfare

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: horse

text: trade

text: with

text: Tibet

text: Others

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: significant

text: religious

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: with

text: Tibetan

text: lamas

text: is

text: underrepresented

text: in

text: modern

text: scholarship

text: In

text: hopes

text: of

text: reviving

text: the

text: unique

text: relationship

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: Mongol

text: leader

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: r.

text: and

text: his

text: spiritual

text: superior

text: Drogön

text: Chögyal

text: Phagpa

text: of

text: the

text: Sakya

text: school

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: made

text: a

text: concerted

text: effort

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: secular

text: and

text: religious

text: alliance

text: with

text: Deshin

text: Shekpa

text: the

text: Karmapa

text: of

text: the

text: Karma

text: Kagyu

text: school

text: However

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: attempts

text: were

text: unsuccessful

question: What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?

answer: horse trade

text: horse trade

question: During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?

answer: 1402–1424

question: Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?

answer: Deshin Shekpa

text: Deshin Shekpa

question: Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?

answer: the Karma Kagyu school

text: the Karma Kagyu school

question: The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?

answer: Nepal

text: Nepal


text: On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communications, academic and civil society stakeholders. According to the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication, the Act is expected to create an environment conducive to investment and the certainty it provides will encourage further infrastructural development, resulting in more efficient service delivery.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: Somali

text: Cabinet

text: unanimously

text: approved

text: the

text: National

text: Communications

text: Act

text: which

text: paves

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: National

text: Communications

text: regulator

text: in

text: the

text: broadcasting

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: sectors

text: The

text: bill

text: was

text: passed

text: following

text: consultations

text: between

text: government

text: representatives

text: and

text: communications

text: academic

text: and

text: civil

text: society

text: stakeholders

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Information

text: Posts

text: and

text: Telecommunication

text: the

text: Act

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: environment

text: conducive

text: to

text: investment

text: and

text: the

text: certainty

text: it

text: provides

text: will

text: encourage

text: further

text: infrastructural

text: development

text: resulting

text: in

text: more

text: efficient

text: service

text: delivery

question: What year was the national Communications act enacted?

answer: 2012

question: What Act clears the way for a National Communications Regulator?

answer: the National Communications Act

text: the National Communications Act

question: What types of stakeholders consulted on the bill to enact the National Communications Act?

answer: academic and civil society

text: academic and civil society

question: The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what?

answer: investment

text: investment

question: Continued infrastructure development results in more efficient what?

answer: service delivery

text: service delivery


text: In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: In

text: Albert

text: Zahm

text: John

text: Zahm

text: 's

text: brother

text: built

text: an

text: early

text: wind

text: tunnel

text: used

text: to

text: compare

text: lift

text: to

text: drag

text: of

text: aeronautical

text: models

text: Around

text: Professor

text: Jerome

text: Green

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: to

text: send

text: a

text: wireless

text: message

text: In

text: Father

text: Julius

text: Nieuwland

text: performed

text: early

text: work

text: on

text: basic

text: reactions

text: that

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: create

text: neoprene

text: Study

text: of

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: a

text: nuclear

text: accelerator

text: in

text: and

text: continues

text: now

text: partly

text: through

text: a

text: partnership

text: in

text: the

text: Joint

text: Institute

text: for

text: Nuclear

text: Astrophysics

question: In what year did Albert Zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at Notre Dame?

answer: 1882

question: Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA?

answer: Professor Jerome Green

text: Professor Jerome Green

question: In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message?

answer: Around 1899

text: Around 1899

question: Which individual worked on projects at Notre Dame that eventually created neoprene?

answer: Father Julius Nieuwland

text: Father Julius Nieuwland

question: What did the brother of John Zahm construct at Notre Dame?

answer: an early wind tunnel

text: an early wind tunnel


text: The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement. Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: terminology

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: confusing

text: because

text: a

text: treaty

text: may

text: and

text: usually

text: is

text: named

text: something

text: other

text: than

text: a

text: treaty

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: convention

text: protocol

text: or

text: simply

text: agreement

text: Conversely

text: some

text: legal

text: documents

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Waitangi

text: are

text: internationally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: documents

text: under

text: domestic

text: law

question: What is the Treaty of Waitangi internationally considered to be?

answer: documents under domestic law

text: documents under domestic law

question: What other terms might be used to refer to a treaty?

answer: convention, protocol, or simply agreement

text: convention, protocol, or simply agreement

question: What common terminological problem can sometimes lead to confusion surrounding a treaty?

answer: named something other than a treaty,

text: named something other than a treaty,

question: What's an example of a treaty that is considered internationally to be documents under domestic law?

answer: the Treaty of Waitangi

text: the Treaty of Waitangi

question: Convention, protocol, and agreement are examples of examples of different kinds of what that can create confusion about a treaty?

answer: terminology

text: terminology


text: The First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule, broke out in 1987, with waves of uncoordinated demonstrations and violence occurring in the occupied West Bank and Gaza. Over the following six years, the Intifada became more organised and included economic and cultural measures aimed at disrupting the Israeli occupation. More than a thousand people were killed in the violence. During the 1991 Gulf War, the PLO supported Saddam Hussein and Iraqi Scud missile attacks against Israel. Despite public outrage, Israel heeded US calls to refrain from hitting back and did not participate in that war.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: First

text: Intifada

text: a

text: Palestinian

text: uprising

text: against

text: Israeli

text: rule

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: with

text: waves

text: of

text: uncoordinated

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: violence

text: occurring

text: in

text: the

text: occupied

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Over

text: the

text: following

text: six

text: years

text: the

text: Intifada

text: became

text: more

text: organised

text: and

text: included

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: measures

text: aimed

text: at

text: disrupting

text: the

text: Israeli

text: occupation

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: thousand

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: violence

text: During

text: the

text: Gulf

text: War

text: the

text: PLO

text: supported

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: and

text: Iraqi

text: Scud

text: missile

text: attacks

text: against

text: Israel

text: Despite

text: public

text: outrage

text: Israel

text: heeded

text: US

text: calls

text: to

text: refrain

text: from

text: hitting

text: back

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: participate

text: in

text: that

text: war

question: When did the First Intifada break out?

answer: 1987

question: How many people were killed in the violence?

answer: More than a thousand people

text: More than a thousand people

question: PLO supported who during the Gulf War?

answer: Saddam Hussein

text: Saddam Hussein


text: London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: contains

text: four

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Sites

text: the

text: Tower

text: of

text: London

text: Kew

text: Gardens

text: the

text: site

text: comprising

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: and

text: St

text: Margaret

text: 's

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: historic

text: settlement

text: of

text: Greenwich

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Royal

text: Observatory

text: Greenwich

text: marks

text: the

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: longitude

text: and

text: GMT

text: Other

text: famous

text: landmarks

text: include

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: the

text: London

text: Eye

text: Piccadilly

text: Circus

text: St

text: Paul

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: Tower

text: Bridge

text: Trafalgar

text: Square

text: and

text: The

text: Shard

text: London

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: museums

text: galleries

text: libraries

text: sporting

text: events

text: and

text: other

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: including

text: the

text: British

text: Museum

text: National

text: Gallery

text: Tate

text: Modern

text: British

text: Library

text: and

text: West

text: End

text: theatres

text: The

text: London

text: Underground

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: underground

text: railway

text: network

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What is one of London's World Heritage Sites?

answer: Westminster Abbey

text: Westminster Abbey

question: Where is the British Museum located?

answer: London

text: London

question: Are there any bridges located in London?

answer: Tower Bridge

text: Tower Bridge

question: What is the name of one of the libraries located in London?

answer: British Library

text: British Library

question: What is the name of the oldest underground railway in the world?

answer: The London Underground

text: The London Underground

question: How many theaters does London's West End have?

answer: 40

question: Where does Greenwich Mean Time marked?

answer: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich

text: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich

question: What famous palace is located in London?

answer: Buckingham Palace

text: Buckingham Palace

question: What is the name of the world's oldest underground railway?

answer: The London Underground

text: The London Underground

question: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?

answer: four

text: four


text: Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society (LMS) school in Samoa, before beginning his work in establishing the Church of Tuvalu. In 1865 the Rev. A. W. Murray of the LMS – a Protestant congregationalist missionary society – arrived as the first European missionary where he too proselytised among the inhabitants of Tuvalu. By 1878 Protestantism was well established with preachers on each island. In the later 19th and early 20th centuries the ministers of what became the Church of Tuvalu (Te Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu) were predominantly Samoans, who influenced the development of the Tuvaluan language and the music of Tuvalu.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Christianity

text: came

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: in

text: when

text: Elekana

text: a

text: deacon

text: of

text: a

text: Congregational

text: church

text: in

text: Manihiki

text: Cook

text: Islands

text: became

text: caught

text: in

text: a

text: storm

text: and

text: drifted

text: for

text: weeks

text: before

text: landing

text: at

text: Nukulaelae

text: on

text: May

text: Elekana

text: began

text: proselytising

text: Christianity

text: He

text: was

text: trained

text: at

text: Malua

text: Theological

text: College

text: a

text: London

text: Missionary

text: Society

text: LMS

text: school

text: in

text: Samoa

text: before

text: beginning

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: establishing

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: In

text: the

text: Rev.

text: A.

text: W.

text: Murray

text: of

text: the

text: LMS

text: a

text: Protestant

text: congregationalist

text: missionary

text: society

text: arrived

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: European

text: missionary

text: where

text: he

text: too

text: proselytised

text: among

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: By

text: Protestantism

text: was

text: well

text: established

text: with

text: preachers

text: on

text: each

text: island

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: ministers

text: of

text: what

text: became

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: Te

text: Ekalesia

text: Kelisiano

text: Tuvalu

text: were

text: predominantly

text: Samoans

text: who

text: influenced

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Tuvaluan

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: Tuvalu

question: When did Christianity arrive in Tuvalu?

answer: 1861

question: What church deacon was washed ashore on Nukulaelae?

answer: Elekana

text: Elekana

question: What missionary was the first European missionary to come to Tuvalu?

answer: Rev. A. W. Murray

text: Rev. A. W. Murray

question: Of what nationality were most of the ministers of the Church of Tuvalu?

answer: Samoans

text: Samoans


text: The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole. A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: The

text: structures

text: of

text: most

text: federal

text: governments

text: incorporate

text: mechanisms

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: component

text: states

text: One

text: method

text: known

text: as

text: intrastate

text: federalism

text: is

text: to

text: directly

text: represent

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: component

text: states

text: in

text: federal

text: political

text: institutions

text: Where

text: a

text: federation

text: has

text: a

text: bicameral

text: legislature

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: component

text: states

text: while

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: represents

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: A

text: federal

text: upper

text: house

text: may

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: special

text: scheme

text: of

text: apportionment

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: senates

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Australia

text: where

text: each

text: state

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: an

text: equal

text: number

text: of

text: senators

text: irrespective

text: of

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: population

question: What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?

answer: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states

text: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states

question: What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?

answer: intrastate federalism

text: intrastate federalism

question: What is intrastate federalism?

answer: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions

text: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions

question: What is a bicameral legislature?

answer: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole

text: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole


text: In order to qualify for protection, a work must be an expression with a degree of originality, and it must be in a fixed medium, such as written down on paper or recorded digitally. The idea itself is not protected. That is, a copy of someone else's original idea is not infringing unless it copies that person's unique, tangible expression of the idea. Some of these limitations, especially regarding what qualifies as original, are embodied only in case law (judicial precedent), rather than in statutes.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: qualify

text: for

text: protection

text: a

text: work

text: must

text: be

text: an

text: expression

text: with

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: originality

text: and

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: in

text: a

text: fixed

text: medium

text: such

text: as

text: written

text: down

text: on

text: paper

text: or

text: recorded

text: digitally

text: The

text: idea

text: itself

text: is

text: not

text: protected

text: That

text: is

text: a

text: copy

text: of

text: someone

text: else

text: 's

text: original

text: idea

text: is

text: not

text: infringing

text: unless

text: it

text: copies

text: that

text: person

text: 's

text: unique

text: tangible

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: idea

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: limitations

text: especially

text: regarding

text: what

text: qualifies

text: as

text: original

text: are

text: embodied

text: only

text: in

text: case

text: law

text: judicial

text: precedent

text: rather

text: than

text: in

text: statutes

question: If a work must include a degree of originality, what else must it contain to be protected?

answer: in a fixed medium

text: in a fixed medium

question: What is NOT protected?

answer: The idea itself

text: The idea itself

question: What makes a copy of an original idea infringing?

answer: it copies that person's unique, tangible expression of the idea

text: it copies that person's unique, tangible expression of the idea

question: What limitation is only embodied in case law, rather than statues?

answer: what qualifies as original

text: what qualifies as original


text: Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference." This connection is further analyzed by Stout and Jeannine M. Love in Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Margaret

text: Stout

text: and

text: Carrie

text: M.

text: Staton

text: have

text: also

text: written

text: recently

text: on

text: the

text: mutual

text: influence

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: and

text: Mary

text: Parker

text: Follett

text: a

text: pioneer

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: organizational

text: theory

text: and

text: organizational

text: behavior

text: Stout

text: and

text: Staton

text: see

text: both

text: Whitehead

text: and

text: Follett

text: as

text: sharing

text: an

text: ontology

text: that

text: understands

text: becoming

text: as

text: a

text: relational

text: process

text: difference

text: as

text: being

text: related

text: yet

text: unique

text: and

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: becoming

text: as

text: harmonizing

text: difference

text: This

text: connection

text: is

text: further

text: analyzed

text: by

text: Stout

text: and

text: Jeannine

text: M.

text: Love

text: in

text: Integrative

text: Process

text: Follettian

text: Thinking

text: from

text: Ontology

text: to

text: Administration

question: What is Mary Parker Follett known for?

answer: pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior

text: pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior

question: What do Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton view as commonalities between Whitehead and Follett?

answer: ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."

text: ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."

question: What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?

answer: Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration

text: Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration


text: The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species). For some major groups, for example lichen-forming fungi and nematode worms, the number was not known. Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt. For the fungi, including lichen-forming species, for example, subsequent work has shown that over 2200 species have been recorded from Egypt, and the final figure of all fungi actually occurring in the country is expected to be much higher.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: The

text: plan

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: following

text: numbers

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: different

text: groups

text: had

text: been

text: recorded

text: from

text: Egypt

text: algae

text: species

text: animals

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: which

text: more

text: than

text: were

text: insects

text: fungi

text: more

text: than

text: species

text: monera

text: species

text: plants

text: species

text: protozoans

text: species

text: For

text: some

text: major

text: groups

text: for

text: example

text: lichen

text: forming

text: fungi

text: and

text: nematode

text: worms

text: the

text: number

text: was

text: not

text: known

text: Apart

text: from

text: small

text: and

text: well

text: studied

text: groups

text: like

text: amphibians

text: birds

text: fish

text: mammals

text: and

text: reptiles

text: the

text: many

text: of

text: those

text: numbers

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: increase

text: as

text: further

text: species

text: are

text: recorded

text: from

text: Egypt

text: For

text: the

text: fungi

text: including

text: lichen

text: forming

text: species

text: for

text: example

text: subsequent

text: work

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: over

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: recorded

text: from

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: final

text: figure

text: of

text: all

text: fungi

text: actually

text: occurring

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: much

text: higher

question: How many species of plants were recorded in Egypt?

answer: 2426

question: How many species of fungi were recorded in Egypt?

answer: 627

question: How many species of algae were recorded in Egypt?

answer: 1483

question: How many species of animals were recorded in Egypt?

answer: 15,000

question: How many species of protazoa were recorded in Egypt?

answer: 371


text: Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which began in earnest in 2004, has helped pacify the situation. Trade and people-to-people contacts through the Wagah border are now starting to become common. Indian Sikh pilgrims visit holy sites such as Nankana Sahib.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Punjab

text: witnessed

text: major

text: battles

text: between

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: wars

text: of

text: and

text: Since

text: the

text: Punjab

text: hosted

text: several

text: key

text: sites

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: nuclear

text: program

text: such

text: as

text: Kahuta

text: It

text: also

text: hosts

text: major

text: military

text: bases

text: such

text: as

text: at

text: Sargodha

text: and

text: Rawalpindi

text: The

text: peace

text: process

text: between

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: earnest

text: in

text: has

text: helped

text: pacify

text: the

text: situation

text: Trade

text: and

text: people

text: to

text: people

text: contacts

text: through

text: the

text: Wagah

text: border

text: are

text: now

text: starting

text: to

text: become

text: common

text: Indian

text: Sikh

text: pilgrims

text: visit

text: holy

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: Nankana

text: Sahib

question: When did India and Pakistan fight in Punjab?

answer: 1965 and 1971

text: 1965 and 1971

question: What is Kahuta an important location for?

answer: Pakistan's nuclear program

text: Pakistan's nuclear program

question: Where does Punjab have major military bases?

answer: Sargodha and Rawalpindi

text: Sargodha and Rawalpindi

question: When did India and Pakistan begin serious peace talks?

answer: 2004

question: Who visits Nankana Sahib?

answer: Sikh pilgrims

text: Sikh pilgrims


text: The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy."

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: labelling

text: the

text: infringement

text: of

text: exclusive

text: rights

text: in

text: creative

text: works

text: as

text: piracy

text: predates

text: statutory

text: copyright

text: law

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: Anne

text: in

text: the

text: Stationers

text: Company

text: of

text: London

text: in

text: received

text: a

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: giving

text: the

text: company

text: a

text: monopoly

text: on

text: publication

text: and

text: tasking

text: it

text: with

text: enforcing

text: the

text: charter

text: Those

text: who

text: violated

text: the

text: charter

text: were

text: labelled

text: pirates

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: The

text: term

text: piracy

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: unauthorized

text: copying

text: distribution

text: and

text: selling

text: of

text: works

text: in

text: copyright

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Berne

text: Convention

text: for

text: the

text: Protection

text: of

text: Literary

text: and

text: Artistic

text: Works

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: piracy

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: stating

text: Pirated

text: works

text: may

text: be

text: seized

text: on

text: importation

text: into

text: those

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: where

text: the

text: original

text: work

text: enjoys

text: legal

text: protection

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Agreement

text: on

text: Trade

text: Related

text: Aspects

text: of

text: Intellectual

text: Property

text: Rights

text: TRIPs

text: requires

text: criminal

text: procedures

text: and

text: penalties

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: willful

text: trademark

text: counterfeiting

text: or

text: copyright

text: piracy

text: on

text: a

text: commercial

text: scale

text: Piracy

text: traditionally

text: refers

text: to

text: acts

text: of

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: intentionally

text: committed

text: for

text: financial

text: gain

text: though

text: more

text: recently

text: copyright

text: holders

text: have

text: described

text: online

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: particularly

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: peer

text: to

text: peer

text: file

text: sharing

text: networks

text: as

text: piracy

question: What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London?

answer: monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter

text: monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter

question: How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?

answer: in relation to copyright infringement

text: in relation to copyright infringement

question: What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law?

answer: seized on importation

text: seized on importation

question: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted?

answer: 1994

question: Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?

answer: peer-to-peer file sharing networks

text: peer-to-peer file sharing networks


text: Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the settlements in Ireland, England, and Normandy, further settlement took place in what became Russia and in Iceland. Swedish traders and raiders ranged down the rivers of the Russian steppe, and even attempted to seize Constantinople in 860 and 907. Christian Spain, initially driven into a small section of the peninsula in the north, expanded slowly south during the 9th and 10th centuries, establishing the kingdoms of Asturias and León.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Missionary

text: efforts

text: to

text: Scandinavia

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: helped

text: strengthen

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: kingdoms

text: such

text: as

text: Sweden

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Norway

text: which

text: gained

text: power

text: and

text: territory

text: Some

text: kings

text: converted

text: to

text: Christianity

text: although

text: not

text: all

text: by

text: Scandinavians

text: also

text: expanded

text: and

text: colonised

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: Besides

text: the

text: settlements

text: in

text: Ireland

text: England

text: and

text: Normandy

text: further

text: settlement

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: what

text: became

text: Russia

text: and

text: in

text: Iceland

text: Swedish

text: traders

text: and

text: raiders

text: ranged

text: down

text: the

text: rivers

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: steppe

text: and

text: even

text: attempted

text: to

text: seize

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: and

text: Christian

text: Spain

text: initially

text: driven

text: into

text: a

text: small

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: expanded

text: slowly

text: south

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: establishing

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Asturias

text: and

text: León

question: Along with Sweden and Norway, what country saw missionary activity in the 9th and 10th centuries?

answer: Denmark

text: Denmark

question: Along with 860, in what year did Swedish raiders attempt to conquer Constantinople?

answer: 907

question: Along with the kingdom of León, what Spanish kingdom was established during this period?

answer: Asturias

text: Asturias

question: Along with Iceland, Normandy, Ireland and England, what other area did Scandinavians colonize during this period?

answer: Russia

text: Russia


text: Political boundaries drawn by the British did not always reflect homogeneous ethnicities or religions, contributing to conflicts in formerly colonised areas. The British Empire was also responsible for large migrations of peoples. Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland. Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities, and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Settlers in Ireland from Great Britain have left their mark in the form of divided nationalist and unionist communities in Northern Ireland. Millions of people moved to and from British colonies, with large numbers of Indians emigrating to other parts of the empire, such as Malaysia and Fiji, and Chinese people to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean. The demographics of Britain itself was changed after the Second World War owing to immigration to Britain from its former colonies.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: Political

text: boundaries

text: drawn

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: did

text: not

text: always

text: reflect

text: homogeneous

text: ethnicities

text: or

text: religions

text: contributing

text: to

text: conflicts

text: in

text: formerly

text: colonised

text: areas

text: The

text: British

text: Empire

text: was

text: also

text: responsible

text: for

text: large

text: migrations

text: of

text: peoples

text: Millions

text: left

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: with

text: the

text: founding

text: settler

text: populations

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: coming

text: mainly

text: from

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: Tensions

text: remain

text: between

text: the

text: white

text: settler

text: populations

text: of

text: these

text: countries

text: and

text: their

text: indigenous

text: minorities

text: and

text: between

text: white

text: settler

text: minorities

text: and

text: indigenous

text: majorities

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: Settlers

text: in

text: Ireland

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: have

text: left

text: their

text: mark

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: divided

text: nationalist

text: and

text: unionist

text: communities

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Millions

text: of

text: people

text: moved

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: British

text: colonies

text: with

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Indians

text: emigrating

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: such

text: as

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Chinese

text: people

text: to

text: Malaysia

text: Singapore

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: demographics

text: of

text: Britain

text: itself

text: was

text: changed

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: owing

text: to

text: immigration

text: to

text: Britain

text: from

text: its

text: former

text: colonies

question: In which countries did the British Isles provide most of the founding settlers?

answer: the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand

text: the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand

question: Where did many Indians move to?

answer: Malaysia and Fiji

text: Malaysia and Fiji

question: Many people of which ethnicity moved to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: When did many former colonies' citizens begin immigrating into Britain?

answer: after the Second World War

text: after the Second World War


text: In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: advertising

text: executive

text: Albert

text: Lasker

text: obtained

text: a

text: large

text: block

text: of

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: shares

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: season

text: assumed

text: majority

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: franchise

text: Lasker

text: brought

text: in

text: a

text: wealthy

text: partner

text: Charles

text: Weeghman

text: the

text: proprietor

text: of

text: a

text: popular

text: chain

text: of

text: lunch

text: counters

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: owned

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Whales

text: of

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Federal

text: League

text: As

text: principal

text: owners

text: the

text: pair

text: moved

text: the

text: club

text: from

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: Grounds

text: to

text: the

text: much

text: newer

text: Weeghman

text: Park

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: constructed

text: for

text: the

text: Whales

text: only

text: two

text: years

text: earlier

text: where

text: they

text: remain

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: The

text: Cubs

text: responded

text: by

text: winning

text: a

text: pennant

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: shortened

text: season

text: of

text: where

text: they

text: played

text: a

text: part

text: in

text: another

text: team

text: 's

text: curse

text: the

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Sox

text: defeated

text: Grover

text: Cleveland

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: Cubs

text: four

text: games

text: to

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: Boston

text: 's

text: last

text: Series

text: championship

text: until

question: Who obtained a large block of the Cub's shares in 1914?

answer: Albert Lasker

text: Albert Lasker

question: Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?

answer: Albert Lasker

text: Albert Lasker

question: Who did Albert Lasker bring in to be his partner of the Chicago Cubs?

answer: Charles Weeghman

text: Charles Weeghman

question: Where did the Cubs move to after leaving the West Side Grounds?

answer: Weeghman Park

text: Weeghman Park


text: Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment will specifically impact one or more states, then it must be endorsed in the referendum held in each of those states. Any amendment to the Canadian constitution that would modify the role of the monarchy would require unanimous consent of the provinces. The German Basic Law provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Some

text: federal

text: constitutions

text: also

text: provide

text: that

text: certain

text: constitutional

text: amendments

text: can

text: not

text: occur

text: without

text: the

text: unanimous

text: consent

text: of

text: all

text: states

text: or

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: state

text: The

text: US

text: constitution

text: provides

text: that

text: no

text: state

text: may

text: be

text: deprived

text: of

text: equal

text: representation

text: in

text: the

text: senate

text: without

text: its

text: consent

text: In

text: Australia

text: if

text: a

text: proposed

text: amendment

text: will

text: specifically

text: impact

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: states

text: then

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: endorsed

text: in

text: the

text: referendum

text: held

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: those

text: states

text: Any

text: amendment

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: that

text: would

text: modify

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: would

text: require

text: unanimous

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: The

text: German

text: Basic

text: Law

text: provides

text: that

text: no

text: amendment

text: is

text: admissible

text: at

text: all

text: that

text: would

text: abolish

text: the

text: federal

text: system

question: The US Constitution says what to amendments?

answer: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent

text: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent

question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?

answer: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state

text: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state

question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?

answer: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.

text: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.

question: What is the German basic law?

answer: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

text: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.


text: The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (circa 325–320 BC) have survived. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, "the British Island", and Prettanoi, "the Britons". Strabo used Βρεττανική (Brettanike), and Marcian of Heraclea, in his Periplus maris exteri, used αἱ Πρεττανικαί νῆσοι (the Prettanic Isles) to refer to the islands. Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago. Along these lines, the inhabitants of the islands were called the Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani). The shift from the "P" of Pretannia to the "B" of Britannia by the Romans occurred during the time of Julius Caesar.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: references

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: as

text: a

text: group

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: sea

text: farers

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: colony

text: of

text: Massalia

text: The

text: original

text: records

text: have

text: been

text: lost

text: however

text: later

text: writings

text: e.g.

text: Avienus

text: 's

text: Ora

text: maritima

text: that

text: quoted

text: from

text: the

text: Massaliote

text: Periplus

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: from

text: Pytheas

text: 's

text: On

text: the

text: Ocean

text: circa

text: BC

text: have

text: survived

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Diodorus

text: Siculus

text: has

text: Prettanikē

text: nēsos

text: the

text: British

text: Island

text: and

text: Prettanoi

text: the

text: Britons

text: Strabo

text: used

text: Βρεττανική

text: Brettanike

text: and

text: Marcian

text: of

text: Heraclea

text: in

text: his

text: Periplus

text: maris

text: exteri

text: used

text: αἱ

text: Πρεττανικαί

text: νῆσοι

text: the

text: Prettanic

text: Isles

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: Historians

text: today

text: though

text: not

text: in

text: absolute

text: agreement

text: largely

text: agree

text: that

text: these

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: names

text: were

text: probably

text: drawn

text: from

text: native

text: Celtic

text: language

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: archipelago

text: Along

text: these

text: lines

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: were

text: called

text: the

text: Πρεττανοί

text: Priteni

text: or

text: Pretani

text: The

text: shift

text: from

text: the

text: P

text: of

text: Pretannia

text: to

text: the

text: B

text: of

text: Britannia

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

question: Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material?

answer: writings of sea-farers

text: writings of sea-farers

question: What is one of the earliest surviving records that mention the name British Isles?

answer: Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC)

text: Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC)

question: When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia?

answer: during the time of Julius Caesar

text: during the time of Julius Caesar

question: What language do most historians agree upon where the Greek names for the British Isles came from?

answer: native Celtic-language

text: native Celtic-language

question: What did the ancient Greeks call the people that lived in the British Isles?

answer: Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani)

text: Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani)


text: Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhism, mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all times; in pre-Buddhist yogic practices there is no such injunction. A yogi in the Brahmanical tradition is not to practice while defecating, for example, while a Buddhist monastic should do so.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Meditation

text: was

text: an

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: the

text: yogis

text: in

text: the

text: centuries

text: preceding

text: the

text: Buddha

text: The

text: Buddha

text: built

text: upon

text: the

text: yogis

text: concern

text: with

text: introspection

text: and

text: developed

text: their

text: meditative

text: techniques

text: but

text: rejected

text: their

text: theories

text: of

text: liberation

text: In

text: Buddhism

text: mindfulness

text: and

text: clear

text: awareness

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: developed

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: in

text: pre

text: Buddhist

text: yogic

text: practices

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: such

text: injunction

text: A

text: yogi

text: in

text: the

text: Brahmanical

text: tradition

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: practice

text: while

text: defecating

text: for

text: example

text: while

text: a

text: Buddhist

text: monastic

text: should

text: do

text: so

question: Meditation was an aspect of the practice of who?

answer: the yogis

text: the yogis

question: In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times?

answer: mindfulness and clear awareness

text: mindfulness and clear awareness


text: Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In general, inbreeding is avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness (inbreeding depression) due largely to the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive alleles. Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals ordinarily leads to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Cooperative

text: breeding

text: in

text: birds

text: typically

text: occurs

text: when

text: offspring

text: usually

text: males

text: delay

text: dispersal

text: from

text: their

text: natal

text: group

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: remain

text: with

text: the

text: family

text: to

text: help

text: rear

text: younger

text: kin

text: Female

text: offspring

text: rarely

text: stay

text: at

text: home

text: dispersing

text: over

text: distances

text: that

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: breed

text: independently

text: or

text: to

text: join

text: unrelated

text: groups

text: In

text: general

text: inbreeding

text: is

text: avoided

text: because

text: it

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: progeny

text: fitness

text: inbreeding

text: depression

text: due

text: largely

text: to

text: the

text: homozygous

text: expression

text: of

text: deleterious

text: recessive

text: alleles

text: Cross

text: fertilization

text: between

text: unrelated

text: individuals

text: ordinarily

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: masking

text: of

text: deleterious

text: recessive

text: alleles

text: in

text: progeny

question: What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group?

answer: Cooperative breeding

text: Cooperative breeding

question: What leads to the masking of deleterious recesive alleles in progeny?

answer: Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals

text: Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals

question: Why is inbreeding avoided?

answer: because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness

text: because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness


text: In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards. The great expansion came after 1750, when it had 3000 regular troops. By 1763, it had 26,000; by 1778, it had 67,000. It recruited largely Indian troops, and trained them along European lines. The company, fresh from a colossal victory, and with the backing of its own private well-disciplined and experienced army, was able to assert its interests in the Carnatic region from its base at Madras and in Bengal from Calcutta, without facing any further obstacles from other colonial powers.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: In

text: its

text: first

text: century

text: and

text: half

text: the

text: EIC

text: used

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: soldiers

text: as

text: guards

text: The

text: great

text: expansion

text: came

text: after

text: when

text: it

text: had

text: regular

text: troops

text: By

text: it

text: had

text: by

text: it

text: had

text: It

text: recruited

text: largely

text: Indian

text: troops

text: and

text: trained

text: them

text: along

text: European

text: lines

text: The

text: company

text: fresh

text: from

text: a

text: colossal

text: victory

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: backing

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: private

text: well

text: disciplined

text: and

text: experienced

text: army

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: assert

text: its

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: Carnatic

text: region

text: from

text: its

text: base

text: at

text: Madras

text: and

text: in

text: Bengal

text: from

text: Calcutta

text: without

text: facing

text: any

text: further

text: obstacles

text: from

text: other

text: colonial

text: powers

question: what is the acronym for the East india company?

answer: EIC

text: EIC

question: In 1750 how many regular troops did the  EIC  have?

answer: 3000

question: in 1778 most of the troops that the EIC had were from where?

answer: Indian

text: Indian

question: what year did the EIC have 26,000 troops in their employ

answer: 1763


text: On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: On

text: June

text: four

text: Uyghurs

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Guantánamo

text: Bay

text: detention

text: camp

text: in

text: Cuba

text: were

text: transferred

text: to

text: Bermuda

text: The

text: four

text: men

text: were

text: among

text: Uyghurs

text: who

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: refugees

text: who

text: were

text: captured

text: in

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: after

text: fleeing

text: the

text: American

text: aerial

text: bombardment

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: They

text: were

text: accused

text: of

text: training

text: to

text: assist

text: the

text: Taliban

text: 's

text: military

text: They

text: were

text: cleared

text: as

text: safe

text: for

text: release

text: from

text: Guantánamo

text: in

text: or

text: but

text: US

text: domestic

text: law

text: prohibited

text: deporting

text: them

text: back

text: to

text: China

text: their

text: country

text: of

text: citizenship

text: because

text: the

text: US

text: government

text: determined

text: that

text: China

text: was

text: likely

text: to

text: violate

text: their

text: human

text: rights

question: Where were the Uyghurs transferred from?

answer: United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp

text: United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp

question: What were the Uyghurs claiming to be?

answer: refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan

text: refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan

question: What were the Ugyhurs accused of?

answer: training to assist the Taliban's military.

text: training to assist the Taliban's military.

question: Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?

answer: the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

text: the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.


text: In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: In

text: State

text: Council

text: established

text: a

text: counterpart

text: support

text: plan

text: 汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案

text: The

text: plan

text: is

text: to

text: arrange

text: eastern

text: and

text: central

text: province

text: and

text: municipalitie

text: to

text: help

text: counties

text: on

text: one

text: province

text: to

text: one

text: affected

text: county

text: basis

text: The

text: plan

text: spanned

text: years

text: and

text: cost

text: no

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: or

text: municipality

text: 's

text: budget

question: What did the State Council establish in 2008?

answer: a counterpart support plan

text: a counterpart support plan

question: How long did the plan last?

answer: 3 years

text: 3 years

question: What did the state council set up in 2008?

answer: counterpart support plan

text: counterpart support plan

question: What is the basis for this plan?

answer: one province to one affected county

text: one province to one affected county

question: How long is the plan due to last?

answer: 3 years

text: 3 years

question: What is the cost per province's budget?

answer: one percent

text: one percent


text: On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser decided to wage "a large scale assassination campaign". In January 1952, he and Hassan Ibrahim attempted to kill the royalist general Hussein Sirri Amer by firing their submachine guns at his car as he drove through the streets of Cairo. Instead of killing the general, the attackers wounded an innocent female passerby. Nasser recalled that her wails "haunted" him and firmly dissuaded him from undertaking similar actions in the future.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: Wafd

text: government

text: abrogated

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Egyptian

text: Treaty

text: which

text: had

text: given

text: the

text: British

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: until

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: this

text: move

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: government

text: sponsored

text: guerrilla

text: attacks

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: put

text: pressure

text: on

text: Nasser

text: to

text: act

text: According

text: to

text: Sadat

text: Nasser

text: decided

text: to

text: wage

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: assassination

text: campaign

text: In

text: January

text: he

text: and

text: Hassan

text: Ibrahim

text: attempted

text: to

text: kill

text: the

text: royalist

text: general

text: Hussein

text: Sirri

text: Amer

text: by

text: firing

text: their

text: submachine

text: guns

text: at

text: his

text: car

text: as

text: he

text: drove

text: through

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Cairo

text: Instead

text: of

text: killing

text: the

text: general

text: the

text: attackers

text: wounded

text: an

text: innocent

text: female

text: passerby

text: Nasser

text: recalled

text: that

text: her

text: wails

text: haunted

text: him

text: and

text: firmly

text: dissuaded

text: him

text: from

text: undertaking

text: similar

text: actions

text: in

text: the

text: future

question: What treaty did the Wafd government abrogate?

answer: Anglo-Egyptian Treaty

text: Anglo-Egyptian Treaty

question: Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate?

answer: Hussein Sirri Amer

text: Hussein Sirri Amer

question: Who helped Nasser with the assassination attempt?

answer: Hassan Ibrahim

text: Hassan Ibrahim

question: What was general Amer's political affiliation?

answer: royalist

text: royalist

question: Who was wounded in the assassination attempt?

answer: an innocent female passerby

text: an innocent female passerby


text: The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: The

text: Earth

text: receives

text: terawatts

text: TW

text: of

text: incoming

text: solar

text: radiation

text: insolation

text: at

text: the

text: upper

text: atmosphere

text: Approximately

text: is

text: reflected

text: back

text: to

text: space

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: is

text: absorbed

text: by

text: clouds

text: oceans

text: and

text: land

text: masses

text: The

text: spectrum

text: of

text: solar

text: light

text: at

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: is

text: mostly

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: visible

text: and

text: near

text: infrared

text: ranges

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: ultraviolet

text: Most

text: people

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: live

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: insolation

text: levels

text: of

text: to

text: watts

text: per

text: square

text: meter

text: or

text: to

text: kWh

text: per

text: day

question: How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive?

answer: 174,000

question: What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere?

answer: 30%

question: The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day?

answer: 3.5 to 7.0

text: 3.5 to 7.0

question: How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?

answer: 174,000

question: How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space?

answer: Approximately 30%

text: Approximately 30%

question: What are the insolation levels of most populated areas?

answer: 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day

text: 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day

question: Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed?

answer: clouds, oceans and land masses

text: clouds, oceans and land masses


text: The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope. The people that gathered there at the tomb were from Bergamo, the province where the late pope came from. A month later, on 5 July 2013, Francis approved Pope John XXIII for canonization, along with Pope John Paul II without the traditional second miracle required. Instead, Francis based this decision on John XXIII's merits for the Second Vatican Council. On Sunday, 27 April 2014, John XXIII and Pope John Paul II were declared saints on Divine Mercy Sunday.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: The

text: anniversary

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: was

text: celebrated

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: Pope

text: Francis

text: who

text: visited

text: his

text: tomb

text: and

text: prayed

text: there

text: then

text: addressing

text: the

text: gathered

text: crowd

text: and

text: spoke

text: about

text: the

text: late

text: pope

text: The

text: people

text: that

text: gathered

text: there

text: at

text: the

text: tomb

text: were

text: from

text: Bergamo

text: the

text: province

text: where

text: the

text: late

text: pope

text: came

text: from

text: A

text: month

text: later

text: on

text: July

text: Francis

text: approved

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: for

text: canonization

text: along

text: with

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: without

text: the

text: traditional

text: second

text: miracle

text: required

text: Instead

text: Francis

text: based

text: this

text: decision

text: on

text: John

text: XXIII

text: 's

text: merits

text: for

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: On

text: Sunday

text: April

text: John

text: XXIII

text: and

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: were

text: declared

text: saints

text: on

text: Divine

text: Mercy

text: Sunday

question: When was the 50th anniversary of his death?

answer: 3 June 2013

text: 3 June 2013

question: Who celebrated his 50th anniversary?

answer: Pope Francis

text: Pope Francis

question: Where were the people gathered at his tomb from?

answer: Bergamo

text: Bergamo

question: When did Francis approve John XXIII for canonization?

answer: 5 July 2013

text: 5 July 2013

question: On what date was John XXIII and Pope John Paul II declared saints?

answer: Sunday, 27 April 2014

text: Sunday, 27 April 2014