text: After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: though

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: quickly

text: given

text: land

text: certificates

text: and

text: disbanded

text: in

text: a

text: reflection

text: of

text: the

text: republican

text: distrust

text: of

text: standing

text: armies

text: State

text: militias

text: became

text: the

text: new

text: nation

text: 's

text: sole

text: ground

text: army

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: a

text: regiment

text: to

text: guard

text: the

text: Western

text: Frontier

text: and

text: one

text: battery

text: of

text: artillery

text: guarding

text: West

text: Point

text: 's

text: arsenal

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: continuing

text: conflict

text: with

text: Native

text: Americans

text: it

text: was

text: soon

text: realized

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: field

text: a

text: trained

text: standing

text: army

text: The

text: Regular

text: Army

text: was

text: at

text: first

text: very

text: small

text: and

text: after

text: General

text: St.

text: Clair

text: 's

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Wabash

text: the

text: Regular

text: Army

text: was

text: reorganized

text: as

text: the

text: Legion

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: renamed

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: in

question: What political party did not have trust in standing armies?

answer: republican

text: republican

question: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?

answer: General St. Clair

text: General St. Clair

question: Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?

answer: Native Americans

text: Native Americans

question: In what year was the Legion of the United States established?

answer: 1791

question: In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?

answer: 1796


text: Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors such as Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Petrarch. Dante's Florentine-Tuscan literary Italian thus became the language of the literate and upper class in Italy, and it spread throughout the peninsula as the lingua franca among the Italian educated class as well as Italian traveling merchants. The economic prowess and cultural and artistic importance of Tuscany in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance further encouraged the diffusion of the Florentine-Tuscan Italian throughout Italy and among the educated and powerful, though local and regional languages remained the main languages of the common people.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: Modern

text: standard

text: Italian

text: itself

text: is

text: heavily

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Latin

text: derived

text: Florentine

text: Tuscan

text: language

text: The

text: Tuscan

text: based

text: language

text: that

text: would

text: eventually

text: become

text: modern

text: standard

text: Italian

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: poetry

text: and

text: literature

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: it

text: first

text: became

text: widely

text: known

text: in

text: Italy

text: through

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: authors

text: such

text: as

text: Dante

text: Alighieri

text: Giovanni

text: Boccaccio

text: Niccolò

text: Machiavelli

text: and

text: Petrarch

text: Dante

text: 's

text: Florentine

text: Tuscan

text: literary

text: Italian

text: thus

text: became

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: literate

text: and

text: upper

text: class

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: it

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: peninsula

text: as

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: among

text: the

text: Italian

text: educated

text: class

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Italian

text: traveling

text: merchants

text: The

text: economic

text: prowess

text: and

text: cultural

text: and

text: artistic

text: importance

text: of

text: Tuscany

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: further

text: encouraged

text: the

text: diffusion

text: of

text: the

text: Florentine

text: Tuscan

text: Italian

text: throughout

text: Italy

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: educated

text: and

text: powerful

text: though

text: local

text: and

text: regional

text: languages

text: remained

text: the

text: main

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: people

question: What language is modern standard Italian derived from?

answer: Florentine Tuscan

text: Florentine Tuscan

question: What language is Florentine Tuscan based on?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: During what century did Florentine Tuscan begin to be used in poetry?

answer: 12th

question: What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time?

answer: upper class

text: upper class

question: From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive?

answer: Tuscany

text: Tuscany


text: 35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: runs

text: from

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: to

text: Eleventh

text: Avenue

text: Notable

text: locations

text: include

text: East

text: River

text: Ferry

text: LaptopMD

text: headquarters

text: Mercy

text: College

text: Manhattan

text: Campus

text: and

text: Jacob

text: K.

text: Javits

text: Convention

text: Center

question: Where does 35th Street begin?

answer: FDR Drive

text: FDR Drive

question: Where does 35th Street end?

answer: Eleventh Avenue

text: Eleventh Avenue

question: On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?

answer: 35th Street

text: 35th Street

question: On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?

answer: 35th Street

text: 35th Street

question: Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?

answer: 35th Street

text: 35th Street


text: McKerrow had articulated textual criticism's goal in terms of "our ideal of an author's fair copy of his work in its final state". Bowers asserted that editions founded on Greg's method would "represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions." Bowers stated similarly that the editor's task is to "approximate as nearly as possible an inferential authorial fair copy." Tanselle notes that, "Textual criticism ... has generally been undertaken with a view to reconstructing, as accurately as possible, the text finally intended by the author".

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: McKerrow

text: had

text: articulated

text: textual

text: criticism

text: 's

text: goal

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: our

text: ideal

text: of

text: an

text: author

text: 's

text: fair

text: copy

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: its

text: final

text: state

text: Bowers

text: asserted

text: that

text: editions

text: founded

text: on

text: Greg

text: 's

text: method

text: would

text: represent

text: the

text: nearest

text: approximation

text: in

text: every

text: respect

text: of

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: final

text: intentions

text: Bowers

text: stated

text: similarly

text: that

text: the

text: editor

text: 's

text: task

text: is

text: to

text: approximate

text: as

text: nearly

text: as

text: possible

text: an

text: inferential

text: authorial

text: fair

text: copy

text: Tanselle

text: notes

text: that

text: Textual

text: criticism

text: has

text: generally

text: been

text: undertaken

text: with

text: a

text: view

text: to

text: reconstructing

text: as

text: accurately

text: as

text: possible

text: the

text: text

text: finally

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: author

question: What are editors trying to ultimately accomplish?

answer: our ideal of an author's fair copy of his work in its final state

text: our ideal of an author's fair copy of his work in its final state

question: If an editor can't achieve an exact reproduction of an authors work, what should be the goal?

answer: approximate as nearly as possible an inferential authorial fair copy

text: approximate as nearly as possible an inferential authorial fair copy

question: What did Bower's say about Greg's method?

answer: represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions

text: represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions

question: What did Tanselle say about textual criticism?

answer: has generally been undertaken with a view to reconstructing, as accurately as possible, the text finally intended by the author

text: has generally been undertaken with a view to reconstructing, as accurately as possible, the text finally intended by the author


text: Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: being

text: used

text: as

text: fuel

text: which

text: continues

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: mostly

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Hardwood

text: is

text: preferred

text: over

text: softwood

text: because

text: it

text: creates

text: less

text: smoke

text: and

text: burns

text: longer

text: Adding

text: a

text: woodstove

text: or

text: fireplace

text: to

text: a

text: home

text: is

text: often

text: felt

text: to

text: add

text: ambiance

text: and

text: warmth

question: What type of wood is preferred as fuel?

answer: Hardwood

text: Hardwood

question: What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?

answer: softwood

text: softwood

question: What type of areas use more wood for fuel?

answer: rural

text: rural

question: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?

answer: warmth

text: warmth


text: London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Notable mosques include the East London Mosque in Tower Hamlets, London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park and the Baitul Futuh Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Following the oil boom, increasing numbers of wealthy Hindus and Middle-Eastern Muslims have based themselves around Mayfair and Knightsbridge in West London. There are large Muslim communities in the eastern boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham. Large Hindu communities are in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which is home to Europe's largest Hindu temple, Neasden Temple. London is also home to 42 Hindu temples. There are Sikh communities in East and West London, particularly in Southall, home to one of the largest Sikh populations and the largest Sikh temple outside India.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: sizeable

text: Muslim

text: Hindu

text: Sikh

text: and

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: Notable

text: mosques

text: include

text: the

text: East

text: London

text: Mosque

text: in

text: Tower

text: Hamlets

text: London

text: Central

text: Mosque

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: Regent

text: 's

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Baitul

text: Futuh

text: Mosque

text: of

text: the

text: Ahmadiyya

text: Muslim

text: Community

text: Following

text: the

text: oil

text: boom

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: of

text: wealthy

text: Hindus

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Muslims

text: have

text: based

text: themselves

text: around

text: Mayfair

text: and

text: Knightsbridge

text: in

text: West

text: London

text: There

text: are

text: large

text: Muslim

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Tower

text: Hamlets

text: and

text: Newham

text: Large

text: Hindu

text: communities

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Harrow

text: and

text: Brent

text: the

text: latter

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: Hindu

text: temple

text: Neasden

text: Temple

text: London

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: Hindu

text: temples

text: There

text: are

text: Sikh

text: communities

text: in

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: London

text: particularly

text: in

text: Southall

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Sikh

text: populations

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: Sikh

text: temple

text: outside

text: India

question: What is the name of the largest Hindu temple in Europe?

answer: Neasden Temple

text: Neasden Temple

question: Where is London's Sikh population primarily located?

answer: Southall

text: Southall

question: Where is the East London Mosque located?

answer: Tower Hamlets

text: Tower Hamlets

question: Which eastern boroughs host large Muslim populations?

answer: Tower Hamlets and Newham

text: Tower Hamlets and Newham

question: How many Hindu temples exist in London?

answer: 42


text: All versions of the SNES are predominantly gray, although the exact shade may differ. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever. The loading bay surface is curved, both to invite interaction and to prevent food or drinks from being placed on the console and spilling as had happened with the flat surfaced NES. The Japanese and European versions are more rounded, with darker gray accents and buttons. The North American SNS-101 model and the Japanese Super Famicom Jr. (the SHVC-101 model), all designed by Barr, are both smaller with a rounded contour; however, the SNS-101 buttons are purple where the Super Famicom Jr. buttons are gray. The European and American versions of the SNES controllers have much longer cables compared to the Japanese Super Famicom controllers.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: All

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: SNES

text: are

text: predominantly

text: gray

text: although

text: the

text: exact

text: shade

text: may

text: differ

text: The

text: original

text: North

text: American

text: version

text: designed

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: of

text: America

text: industrial

text: designer

text: Lance

text: Barr

text: who

text: previously

text: redesigned

text: the

text: Famicom

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: NES

text: has

text: a

text: boxy

text: design

text: with

text: purple

text: sliding

text: switches

text: and

text: a

text: dark

text: gray

text: eject

text: lever

text: The

text: loading

text: bay

text: surface

text: is

text: curved

text: both

text: to

text: invite

text: interaction

text: and

text: to

text: prevent

text: food

text: or

text: drinks

text: from

text: being

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: console

text: and

text: spilling

text: as

text: had

text: happened

text: with

text: the

text: flat

text: surfaced

text: NES

text: The

text: Japanese

text: and

text: European

text: versions

text: are

text: more

text: rounded

text: with

text: darker

text: gray

text: accents

text: and

text: buttons

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: model

text: and

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: Jr.

text: the

text: model

text: all

text: designed

text: by

text: Barr

text: are

text: both

text: smaller

text: with

text: a

text: rounded

text: contour

text: however

text: the

text: buttons

text: are

text: purple

text: where

text: the

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: Jr.

text: buttons

text: are

text: gray

text: The

text: European

text: and

text: American

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: SNES

text: controllers

text: have

text: much

text: longer

text: cables

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: controllers

question: What color is the SNES?

answer: predominantly gray

text: predominantly gray

question: Who designed the North American SNES?

answer: Lance Barr

text: Lance Barr

question: What was Barr's job?

answer: industrial designer

text: industrial designer

question: What color were the North American SNES's buttons?

answer: purple

text: purple

question: What color were the Japanese Super Famicom Jr.'s buttons?

answer: gray

text: gray


text: In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004, China officially joined the Galileo project by signing the Agreement on the Cooperation in the Galileo Program between the "Galileo Joint Undertaking" (GJU) and the "National Remote Sensing Centre of China" (NRSCC). Based on the Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program, China Galileo Industries (CGI), the prime contractor of the China’s involvement in Galileo programs, was founded in December 2004. By April 2006, eleven cooperation projects within the Galileo framework had been signed between China and EU. However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: In

text: September

text: China

text: intended

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: European

text: Galileo

text: positioning

text: system

text: project

text: and

text: was

text: to

text: invest

text: million

text: million

text: million

text: in

text: Galileo

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: years

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: China

text: 's

text: BeiDou

text: navigation

text: system

text: would

text: then

text: only

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: its

text: armed

text: forces

text: In

text: October

text: China

text: officially

text: joined

text: the

text: Galileo

text: project

text: by

text: signing

text: the

text: Agreement

text: on

text: the

text: Cooperation

text: in

text: the

text: Galileo

text: Program

text: between

text: the

text: Galileo

text: Joint

text: Undertaking

text: GJU

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Remote

text: Sensing

text: Centre

text: of

text: China

text: NRSCC

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: Sino

text: European

text: Cooperation

text: Agreement

text: on

text: Galileo

text: program

text: China

text: Galileo

text: Industries

text: CGI

text: the

text: prime

text: contractor

text: of

text: the

text: China

text: ’s

text: involvement

text: in

text: Galileo

text: programs

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: December

text: By

text: April

text: eleven

text: cooperation

text: projects

text: within

text: the

text: Galileo

text: framework

text: had

text: been

text: signed

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: EU

text: However

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: based

text: South

text: China

text: Morning

text: Post

text: reported

text: in

text: January

text: that

text: China

text: was

text: unsatisfied

text: with

text: its

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Galileo

text: project

text: and

text: was

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: Galileo

text: in

text: the

text: Asian

text: market

question: How much was China going to invest in the European Galileo positioning system project?

answer: €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million)

text: €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million)

question: In 2003, what was the planned purpose of the BeiDou navigation system?

answer: only be used by its armed forces

text: only be used by its armed forces

question: When did China join the Galileo project?

answer: October 2004

text: October 2004

question: When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded?

answer: December 2004

text: December 2004

question: Who said in 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its involvement in the Galileo project?

answer: the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post

text: the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post


text: A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: A

text: gastropub

text: concentrates

text: on

text: quality

text: food

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: a

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: pub

text: and

text: gastronomy

text: and

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: when

text: David

text: Eyre

text: and

text: Mike

text: Belben

text: took

text: over

text: The

text: Eagle

text: pub

text: in

text: Clerkenwell

text: London

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: restaurant

text: in

text: a

text: pub

text: reinvigorated

text: both

text: pub

text: culture

text: and

text: British

text: dining

text: though

text: has

text: occasionally

text: attracted

text: criticism

text: for

text: potentially

text: removing

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: traditional

text: pubs

question: What two words is 'gastropub' a portanteau of?

answer: pub and gastronomy

text: pub and gastronomy

question: In what year was the term gastropub invented?

answer: 1991

question: Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?

answer: Mike Belben

text: Mike Belben

question: In what city is the Eagle pub located?

answer: London

text: London

question: In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?

answer: Clerkenwell

text: Clerkenwell


text: Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was declared a union territory, but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is "In the lap of Himalayas". It was named by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: abundant

text: natural

text: beauty

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: between

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Gorkha

text: War

text: the

text: British

text: colonial

text: government

text: came

text: into

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: land

text: now

text: comprising

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Punjab

text: Province

text: of

text: British

text: India

text: In

text: Himachal

text: was

text: declared

text: a

text: union

text: territory

text: but

text: after

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: Act

text: Himachal

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Hima

text: means

text: snow

text: in

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: the

text: literal

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: In

text: the

text: lap

text: of

text: Himalayas

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Acharya

text: Diwakar

text: Datt

text: Sharma

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: Sanskrit

text: scholars

text: of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

question: Who is famous for natural beauty?

answer: Himachal Pradesh

text: Himachal Pradesh

question: What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War?

answer: 1814–1816

question: What does HIma mean in Sanskirt?

answer: snow

text: snow

question: What is the literal meaning of Himachal Pradesh?

answer: In the lap of Himalayas

text: In the lap of Himalayas

question: Who was one of the great sanskirt scholars of Himachal Pradesh?

answer: Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma

text: Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma


text: The term pewter covers a variety of alloys consisting primarily of tin. As a pure metal, tin was much too soft to be used for any practical purpose. However, in the Bronze age, tin was a rare metal and, in many parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, was often valued higher than gold. To make jewelry, forks and spoons, or other objects from tin, it was usually alloyed with other metals to increase its strength and hardness. These metals were typically lead, antimony, bismuth or copper. These solutes sometimes were added individually in varying amounts, or added together, making a wide variety of things, ranging from practical items, like dishes, surgical tools, candlesticks or funnels, to decorative items such as ear rings and hair clips.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: The

text: term

text: pewter

text: covers

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: alloys

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: tin

text: As

text: a

text: pure

text: metal

text: tin

text: was

text: much

text: too

text: soft

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: any

text: practical

text: purpose

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: Bronze

text: age

text: tin

text: was

text: a

text: rare

text: metal

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: was

text: often

text: valued

text: higher

text: than

text: gold

text: To

text: make

text: jewelry

text: forks

text: and

text: spoons

text: or

text: other

text: objects

text: from

text: tin

text: it

text: was

text: usually

text: alloyed

text: with

text: other

text: metals

text: to

text: increase

text: its

text: strength

text: and

text: hardness

text: These

text: metals

text: were

text: typically

text: lead

text: antimony

text: bismuth

text: or

text: copper

text: These

text: solutes

text: sometimes

text: were

text: added

text: individually

text: in

text: varying

text: amounts

text: or

text: added

text: together

text: making

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: things

text: ranging

text: from

text: practical

text: items

text: like

text: dishes

text: surgical

text: tools

text: candlesticks

text: or

text: funnels

text: to

text: decorative

text: items

text: such

text: as

text: ear

text: rings

text: and

text: hair

text: clips

question: Pewter is mostly made up of?

answer: tin

text: tin

question: Why was tin was rarely used for everyday use?

answer: too soft

text: too soft

question: During the bronze age, which metal was valued higher than gold in Europe and the Mediterranean?

answer: tin

text: tin

question: What was done to tin to make it stronger?

answer: alloyed with other metals

text: alloyed with other metals

question: What metals were alloyed with tin to make it stronger?

answer: lead, antimony, bismuth or copper

text: lead, antimony, bismuth or copper


text: In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, justified the novelty of one-man rule with a vast program of religious revivalism and reform. Public vows formerly made for the security of the republic now were directed at the wellbeing of the emperor. So-called "emperor worship" expanded on a grand scale the traditional Roman veneration of the ancestral dead and of the Genius, the divine tutelary of every individual. Imperial cult became one of the major ways in which Rome advertised its presence in the provinces and cultivated shared cultural identity and loyalty throughout the Empire. Rejection of the state religion was tantamount to treason. This was the context for Rome's conflict with Christianity, which Romans variously regarded as a form of atheism and novel superstitio.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: 's

text: collapse

text: state

text: religion

text: had

text: adapted

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: new

text: regime

text: of

text: the

text: emperors

text: Augustus

text: the

text: first

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: justified

text: the

text: novelty

text: of

text: one

text: man

text: rule

text: with

text: a

text: vast

text: program

text: of

text: religious

text: revivalism

text: and

text: reform

text: Public

text: vows

text: formerly

text: made

text: for

text: the

text: security

text: of

text: the

text: republic

text: now

text: were

text: directed

text: at

text: the

text: wellbeing

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: So

text: called

text: emperor

text: worship

text: expanded

text: on

text: a

text: grand

text: scale

text: the

text: traditional

text: Roman

text: veneration

text: of

text: the

text: ancestral

text: dead

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Genius

text: the

text: divine

text: tutelary

text: of

text: every

text: individual

text: Imperial

text: cult

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: Rome

text: advertised

text: its

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: and

text: cultivated

text: shared

text: cultural

text: identity

text: and

text: loyalty

text: throughout

text: the

text: Empire

text: Rejection

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: religion

text: was

text: tantamount

text: to

text: treason

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: context

text: for

text: Rome

text: 's

text: conflict

text: with

text: Christianity

text: which

text: Romans

text: variously

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: atheism

text: and

text: novel

text: superstitio

question: After the Republic collapsed,  what addition was made to the religions of Rome?

answer: emperors

text: emperors

question: Who was the first Roman emperor?

answer: Augustus

text: Augustus

question: For whose well being were public vows made in the empire?

answer: emperor

text: emperor

question: What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire?

answer: Imperial cult

text: Imperial cult

question: As what during the time of the Roman empire  was rejection of the state religion viewed?

answer: treason

text: treason


text: On 23 November 1991, in a prepared statement made on his deathbed, Mercury confirmed that he had AIDS. Within 24 hours of the statement, he died of bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS. His funeral service on 27 November in Kensal Green, West London was private, and held in accordance with the Zoroastrian religious faith of his family. "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single shortly after Mercury's death, with "These Are the Days of Our Lives" as the double A-side. The music video for "These Are the Days of Our Lives" contains Mercury's final scenes in front of the camera. The single went to number one in the UK, remaining there for five weeks – the only recording to top the Christmas chart twice and the only one to be number one in four different years (1975, 1976, 1991, and 1992). Initial proceeds from the single – approximately £1,000,000 – were donated to the Terrence Higgins Trust.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: On

text: November

text: in

text: a

text: prepared

text: statement

text: made

text: on

text: his

text: deathbed

text: Mercury

text: confirmed

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: AIDS

text: Within

text: hours

text: of

text: the

text: statement

text: he

text: died

text: of

text: bronchial

text: pneumonia

text: which

text: was

text: brought

text: on

text: as

text: a

text: complication

text: of

text: AIDS

text: His

text: funeral

text: service

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: Kensal

text: Green

text: West

text: London

text: was

text: private

text: and

text: held

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: Zoroastrian

text: religious

text: faith

text: of

text: his

text: family

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: was

text: re

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: shortly

text: after

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: death

text: with

text: These

text: Are

text: the

text: Days

text: of

text: Our

text: Lives

text: as

text: the

text: double

text: A

text: side

text: The

text: music

text: video

text: for

text: These

text: Are

text: the

text: Days

text: of

text: Our

text: Lives

text: contains

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: final

text: scenes

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: camera

text: The

text: single

text: went

text: to

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: remaining

text: there

text: for

text: five

text: weeks

text: the

text: only

text: recording

text: to

text: top

text: the

text: Christmas

text: chart

text: twice

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: to

text: be

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: four

text: different

text: years

text: and

text: Initial

text: proceeds

text: from

text: the

text: single

text: approximately

text: were

text: donated

text: to

text: the

text: Terrence

text: Higgins

text: Trust

question: When was Freddie Mercury's deathbed confession made?

answer: 23 November 1991

text: 23 November 1991

question: What disease did Freddie Mercury disclose he had?

answer: AIDS

text: AIDS

question: What did Freddie Mercury die of?

answer: bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS

text: bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS

question: Where was Freddie Mercury's funeral service held?

answer: Kensal Green, West London

text: Kensal Green, West London

question: Which music video contains the last footage of Freddie Mercury?

answer: These Are the Days of Our Lives

text: These Are the Days of Our Lives


text: All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households. Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendal's, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser. The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796. At its zenith the store had buildings on both sides of Deansgate linked by a subterranean passage "Kendals Arcade" and an art nouveau tiled food hall. The store was especially known for its emphasis on quality and style over low prices giving it the nickname "the Harrods of the North", although this was due in part to Harrods acquiring the store in 1919. Other large Manchester stores included Paulden's (currently Debenhams) and Lewis's (now a Primark).

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: All

text: the

text: major

text: British

text: cities

text: had

text: flourishing

text: department

text: stores

text: by

text: the

text: mid

text: or

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Increasingly

text: women

text: became

text: the

text: major

text: shoppers

text: and

text: middle

text: class

text: households

text: Kendals

text: formerly

text: Kendal

text: Milne

text: Faulkner

text: in

text: Manchester

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: department

text: stores

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: known

text: to

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: customers

text: as

text: Kendal

text: 's

text: despite

text: its

text: name

text: change

text: to

text: House

text: of

text: Fraser

text: The

text: Manchester

text: institution

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: but

text: had

text: been

text: trading

text: as

text: Watts

text: Bazaar

text: since

text: At

text: its

text: zenith

text: the

text: store

text: had

text: buildings

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: Deansgate

text: linked

text: by

text: a

text: subterranean

text: passage

text: Kendals

text: Arcade

text: and

text: an

text: art

text: nouveau

text: tiled

text: food

text: hall

text: The

text: store

text: was

text: especially

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: emphasis

text: on

text: quality

text: and

text: style

text: over

text: low

text: prices

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: nickname

text: the

text: Harrods

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: although

text: this

text: was

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: Harrods

text: acquiring

text: the

text: store

text: in

text: Other

text: large

text: Manchester

text: stores

text: included

text: Paulden

text: 's

text: currently

text: Debenhams

text: and

text: Lewis

text: 's

text: now

text: a

text: Primark

question: Who became the predominant shoppers for individual households in the nineteenth century?

answer: women

text: women

question: What business in Manchester claims to be the first department store?

answer: Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner)

text: Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner)

question: What did Kendals change it's name to in 2005?

answer: House of Fraser

text: House of Fraser

question: What year did the Manchester institution begin?

answer: 1836

question: Who acquired the Manchester store in 1919?

answer: Harrods

text: Harrods


text: Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Cincinnati

text: Ohio

text: to

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: Jewish

text: family

text: His

text: mother

text: Leah

text: Adler

text: Posner

text: born

text: was

text: a

text: restaurateur

text: and

text: concert

text: pianist

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: Arnold

text: Spielberg

text: born

text: was

text: an

text: electrical

text: engineer

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: computers

text: His

text: paternal

text: grandparents

text: were

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Ukraine

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: Cincinnati

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: In

text: his

text: family

text: moved

text: to

text: Haddon

text: Township

text: New

text: Jersey

text: when

text: his

text: father

text: took

text: a

text: job

text: with

text: RCA

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: the

text: family

text: moved

text: to

text: Phoenix

text: Spielberg

text: attended

text: Hebrew

text: school

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: classes

text: taught

text: by

text: Rabbi

text: Albert

text: L.

text: Lewis

question: Where was Steven Spielberg born?

answer: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

question: What religion was Steven Spielberg's family?

answer: Orthodox Jewish

text: Orthodox Jewish

question: Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine

question: Where did Steven Spielberg's family move to in 1953?

answer: Phoenix, Arizona

text: Phoenix, Arizona

question: What job did Steven Spielberg's father have?

answer: electrical engineer

text: electrical engineer

question: Where was Spielberg born?

answer: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

question: What religion was Spielberg's family?

answer: Orthodox Jewish

text: Orthodox Jewish

question: What was Spielberg's father's career?

answer: electrical engineer involved in the development of computers

text: electrical engineer involved in the development of computers

question: What was Spielberg's mother's career?

answer: restaurateur and concert pianist

text: restaurateur and concert pianist

question: Where did Spielberg's paternal grandparents immigrate from?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine


text: Education in Switzerland is very diverse because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system to the cantons. There are both public and private schools, including many private international schools. The minimum age for primary school is about six years in all cantons, but most cantons provide a free "children's school" starting at four or five years old. Primary school continues until grade four, five or six, depending on the school. Traditionally, the first foreign language in school was always one of the other national languages, although recently (2000) English was introduced first in a few cantons.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Education

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: very

text: diverse

text: because

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: delegates

text: the

text: authority

text: for

text: the

text: school

text: system

text: to

text: the

text: cantons

text: There

text: are

text: both

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: schools

text: including

text: many

text: private

text: international

text: schools

text: The

text: minimum

text: age

text: for

text: primary

text: school

text: is

text: about

text: six

text: years

text: in

text: all

text: cantons

text: but

text: most

text: cantons

text: provide

text: a

text: free

text: children

text: 's

text: school

text: starting

text: at

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: old

text: Primary

text: school

text: continues

text: until

text: grade

text: four

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: school

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: first

text: foreign

text: language

text: in

text: school

text: was

text: always

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: national

text: languages

text: although

text: recently

text: English

text: was

text: introduced

text: first

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: cantons

question: Who has authority of school systems in Switzerland?

answer: the cantons

text: the cantons

question: What is the minimum age for primary school in all cantons?

answer: six

text: six

question: What do most cantons provide for free when children are 4 or 5 years old?

answer: children's school

text: children's school

question: When was English introduced as a first foreign language in many cantons?

answer: 2000

question: How long does primary school continue?

answer: until grade four, five or six

text: until grade four, five or six


text: Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the First World War, and didn't resume until 1919–20. The 1922–23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). Due to the outbreak of World War II, the competition wasn't played between the 1938–39 and 1945–46 editions. Due to the wartime breaks, the competition didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81; fittingly the final featured a goal by Ricky Villa which was later voted the greatest goal ever scored at Wembley Stadium, but has since been replaced by Steven Gerrard.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: Following

text: the

text: edition

text: the

text: competition

text: was

text: suspended

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: did

text: n't

text: resume

text: until

text: The

text: competition

text: saw

text: the

text: first

text: final

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: opened

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: known

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: competition

text: was

text: n't

text: played

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: editions

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: wartime

text: breaks

text: the

text: competition

text: did

text: n't

text: celebrate

text: its

text: centenary

text: year

text: until

text: fittingly

text: the

text: final

text: featured

text: a

text: goal

text: by

text: Ricky

text: Villa

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: voted

text: the

text: greatest

text: goal

text: ever

text: scored

text: at

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: but

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: Steven

text: Gerrard

question: Was competition suspended due to the first world war?

answer: competition was suspended due to the First World War

text: competition was suspended due to the First World War

question: what year did competition resume after world war 1?

answer: 1919–20.

question: When did Wembly stadium open?

answer: 1922–23

question: What was Webly stadium called at that time?

answer: Empire Stadium

text: Empire Stadium

question: When did the competition celebrate its centennial?

answer: didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81

text: didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81


text: Romantic relationships tend to increase in prevalence throughout adolescence. By age 15, 53% of adolescents have had a romantic relationship that lasted at least one month over the course of the previous 18 months. In a 2008 study conducted by YouGov for Channel 4, 20% of 14−17-year-olds surveyed revealed that they had their first sexual experience at 13 or under in the United Kingdom. A 2002 American study found that those aged 15–44 reported that the average age of first sexual intercourse was 17.0 for males and 17.3 for females. The typical duration of relationships increases throughout the teenage years as well. This constant increase in the likelihood of a long-term relationship can be explained by sexual maturation and the development of cognitive skills necessary to maintain a romantic bond (e.g. caregiving, appropriate attachment), although these skills are not strongly developed until late adolescence. Long-term relationships allow adolescents to gain the skills necessary for high-quality relationships later in life and develop feelings of self-worth. Overall, positive romantic relationships among adolescents can result in long-term benefits. High-quality romantic relationships are associated with higher commitment in early adulthood and are positively associated with self-esteem, self-confidence, and social competence. For example, an adolescent with positive self-confidence is likely to consider themselves a more successful partner, whereas negative experiences may lead to low confidence as a romantic partner. Adolescents often date within their demographic in regards to race, ethnicity, popularity, and physical attractiveness. However, there are traits in which certain individuals, particularly adolescent girls, seek diversity. While most adolescents date people approximately their own age, boys typically date partners the same age or younger; girls typically date partners the same age or older.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Romantic

text: relationships

text: tend

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: prevalence

text: throughout

text: adolescence

text: By

text: age

text: of

text: adolescents

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: romantic

text: relationship

text: that

text: lasted

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: month

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: months

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: conducted

text: by

text: YouGov

text: for

text: Channel

text: of

text: olds

text: surveyed

text: revealed

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: their

text: first

text: sexual

text: experience

text: at

text: or

text: under

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: A

text: American

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: those

text: aged

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: average

text: age

text: of

text: first

text: sexual

text: intercourse

text: was

text: for

text: males

text: and

text: for

text: females

text: The

text: typical

text: duration

text: of

text: relationships

text: increases

text: throughout

text: the

text: teenage

text: years

text: as

text: well

text: This

text: constant

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: likelihood

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: relationship

text: can

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: sexual

text: maturation

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: cognitive

text: skills

text: necessary

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: romantic

text: bond

text: e.g.

text: caregiving

text: appropriate

text: attachment

text: although

text: these

text: skills

text: are

text: not

text: strongly

text: developed

text: until

text: late

text: adolescence

text: Long

text: term

text: relationships

text: allow

text: adolescents

text: to

text: gain

text: the

text: skills

text: necessary

text: for

text: high

text: quality

text: relationships

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: and

text: develop

text: feelings

text: of

text: self

text: worth

text: Overall

text: positive

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: among

text: adolescents

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: long

text: term

text: benefits

text: High

text: quality

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: higher

text: commitment

text: in

text: early

text: adulthood

text: and

text: are

text: positively

text: associated

text: with

text: self

text: esteem

text: self

text: confidence

text: and

text: social

text: competence

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: adolescent

text: with

text: positive

text: self

text: confidence

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: consider

text: themselves

text: a

text: more

text: successful

text: partner

text: whereas

text: negative

text: experiences

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: low

text: confidence

text: as

text: a

text: romantic

text: partner

text: Adolescents

text: often

text: date

text: within

text: their

text: demographic

text: in

text: regards

text: to

text: race

text: ethnicity

text: popularity

text: and

text: physical

text: attractiveness

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: traits

text: in

text: which

text: certain

text: individuals

text: particularly

text: adolescent

text: girls

text: seek

text: diversity

text: While

text: most

text: adolescents

text: date

text: people

text: approximately

text: their

text: own

text: age

text: boys

text: typically

text: date

text: partners

text: the

text: same

text: age

text: or

text: younger

text: girls

text: typically

text: date

text: partners

text: the

text: same

text: age

text: or

text: older

question: Do romantic relationships tend to increase or decrease throughout adolescence?

answer: increase

text: increase

question: How many percent of adolescents have had a romantic relationship lasting one month or longer by age 15?

answer: 53%

question: At what average age did American males report their first sexual intercourse took place?

answer: 17.0

question: At what average age did American females report their first sexual intercourse took place?

answer: 17.3

question: Does the typical duration of relationships increase or decrease throughout the teenage years?

answer: increases

text: increases


text: But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: But

text: by

text: the

text: many

text: of

text: Boas

text: anthropologist

text: contemporaries

text: were

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: allied

text: war

text: effort

text: against

text: the

text: Axis

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: Fascist

text: Italy

text: and

text: Imperial

text: Japan

text: Many

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: while

text: others

text: worked

text: in

text: intelligence

text: for

text: example

text: Office

text: of

text: Strategic

text: Services

text: and

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: War

text: Information

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: David

text: H.

text: Price

text: 's

text: work

text: on

text: American

text: anthropology

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: provides

text: detailed

text: accounts

text: of

text: the

text: pursuit

text: and

text: dismissal

text: of

text: several

text: anthropologists

text: from

text: their

text: jobs

text: for

text: communist

text: sympathies

question: What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s?

answer: active in the allied war effort

text: active in the allied war effort

question: What groups formed the Axis forces?

answer: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan

text: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan

question: What did many anthropologists serve in?

answer: the armed forces

text: the armed forces

question: The Office of Strategic Services is an example of what type of posting during the War?

answer: intelligence

text: intelligence

question: Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price?

answer: communist sympathies.

text: communist sympathies.


text: Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth; this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth. By a charter of Henry VI, granted on 9 March 1446/7 (25+26 Hen. VI, m. 32), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: as

text: a

text: Port

text: and

text: city

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: administrative

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: County

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: King

text: John

text: the

text: town

text: and

text: its

text: port

text: were

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: writ

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: Sheriff

text: in

text: Hampshire

text: and

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: custom

text: and

text: toll

text: were

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: King

text: to

text: the

text: burgesses

text: of

text: Southampton

text: over

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Southampton

text: and

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: this

text: tax

text: farm

text: was

text: granted

text: for

text: an

text: annual

text: fee

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: charter

text: dated

text: at

text: Orival

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Southampton

text: was

text: apparently

text: broader

text: than

text: today

text: and

text: embraced

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: Lymington

text: and

text: Langstone

text: The

text: corporation

text: had

text: resident

text: representatives

text: in

text: Newport

text: Lymington

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: By

text: a

text: charter

text: of

text: Henry

text: VI

text: granted

text: on

text: March

text: Hen

text: VI

text: m.

text: the

text: mayor

text: bailiffs

text: and

text: burgesses

text: of

text: the

text: towns

text: and

text: ports

text: of

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: became

text: a

text: County

text: incorporate

text: and

text: separate

text: from

text: Hampshire

question: Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?

answer: King John

text: King John

question: What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?

answer: £200

question: In the 1100s, the port of Southampton included everything between Lymington and what area?

answer: Langstone

text: Langstone

question: Under what king was a charter granted in 1446/7 that separated Southampton and Portsmouth from Hampshire?

answer: Henry VI

text: Henry VI

question: What date was the charter regarding Southampton's tax farm signed at Orival?

answer: 29 June 1199

text: 29 June 1199


text: After four years on the sidelines, Austria sought another war with France to avenge its recent defeats. Austria could not count on Russian support because the latter was at war with Britain, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire in 1809. Frederick William of Prussia initially promised to help the Austrians, but reneged before conflict began. A report from the Austrian finance minister suggested that the treasury would run out of money by the middle of 1809 if the large army that the Austrians had formed since the Third Coalition remained mobilized. Although Archduke Charles warned that the Austrians were not ready for another showdown with Napoleon, a stance that landed him in the so-called "peace party," he did not want to see the army demobilized either. On 8 February 1809, the advocates for war finally succeeded when the Imperial Government secretly decided on another confrontation against the French.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: After

text: four

text: years

text: on

text: the

text: sidelines

text: Austria

text: sought

text: another

text: war

text: with

text: France

text: to

text: avenge

text: its

text: recent

text: defeats

text: Austria

text: could

text: not

text: count

text: on

text: Russian

text: support

text: because

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Britain

text: Sweden

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: Frederick

text: William

text: of

text: Prussia

text: initially

text: promised

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: Austrians

text: but

text: reneged

text: before

text: conflict

text: began

text: A

text: report

text: from

text: the

text: Austrian

text: finance

text: minister

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: treasury

text: would

text: run

text: out

text: of

text: money

text: by

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: if

text: the

text: large

text: army

text: that

text: the

text: Austrians

text: had

text: formed

text: since

text: the

text: Third

text: Coalition

text: remained

text: mobilized

text: Although

text: Archduke

text: Charles

text: warned

text: that

text: the

text: Austrians

text: were

text: not

text: ready

text: for

text: another

text: showdown

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: a

text: stance

text: that

text: landed

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: peace

text: party

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: want

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: army

text: demobilized

text: either

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: advocates

text: for

text: war

text: finally

text: succeeded

text: when

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Government

text: secretly

text: decided

text: on

text: another

text: confrontation

text: against

text: the

text: French

question: Who was the Prussian ruler who at first  claimed he would help Austria in its battle with France, but later refused to?

answer: Frederick William

text: Frederick William

question: The finance minister of Austria predicted that if the country kept its large army mobilized, the national treasury would be bankrupt by the middle of what year?

answer: 1809

question: Which Archduke warned that Austria wasn't prepared for an additional conflict with Napoleon?

answer: Charles

text: Charles

question: On what date did the Austrian government secretly decide on going to war with France?

answer: 8 February 1809

text: 8 February 1809


text: Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways. Many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dictionaries of Chinese characters list characters in radical order: characters are grouped together by radical, and radicals containing fewer strokes come before radicals containing more strokes (radical-and-stroke sorting). Under each radical, characters are listed by their total number of strokes. It is often also possible to search for characters by sound, using pinyin (in Chinese dictionaries), zhuyin (in Taiwanese dictionaries), kana (in Japanese dictionaries) or hangul (in Korean dictionaries). Most dictionaries also allow searches by total number of strokes, and individual dictionaries often allow other search methods as well.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Chinese

text: character

text: dictionaries

text: often

text: allow

text: users

text: to

text: locate

text: entries

text: in

text: several

text: ways

text: Many

text: Chinese

text: Japanese

text: and

text: Korean

text: dictionaries

text: of

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: list

text: characters

text: in

text: radical

text: order

text: characters

text: are

text: grouped

text: together

text: by

text: radical

text: and

text: radicals

text: containing

text: fewer

text: strokes

text: come

text: before

text: radicals

text: containing

text: more

text: strokes

text: radical

text: and

text: stroke

text: sorting

text: Under

text: each

text: radical

text: characters

text: are

text: listed

text: by

text: their

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: strokes

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: also

text: possible

text: to

text: search

text: for

text: characters

text: by

text: sound

text: using

text: pinyin

text: in

text: Chinese

text: dictionaries

text: zhuyin

text: in

text: Taiwanese

text: dictionaries

text: kana

text: in

text: Japanese

text: dictionaries

text: or

text: hangul

text: in

text: Korean

text: dictionaries

text: Most

text: dictionaries

text: also

text: allow

text: searches

text: by

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: strokes

text: and

text: individual

text: dictionaries

text: often

text: allow

text: other

text: search

text: methods

text: as

text: well

question: What often allow users to locate entries in several ways?

answer: Chinese character dictionaries

text: Chinese character dictionaries

question: What lists Chinese characters in radical order?

answer: Korean dictionaries

text: Korean dictionaries

question: What is grouped together by radicals?

answer: characters

text: characters


text: Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Dalain Van (Далайн ван), reflecting its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called Poseidon (Ποσειδώνας, Poseidonas), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. In Hebrew, "Rahab" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term "Neptun" (נפטון) is commonly used. In Māori, the planet is called Tangaroa, named after the Māori god of the sea. In Nahuatl, the planet is called Tlāloccītlalli, named after the rain god Tlāloc.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Most

text: languages

text: today

text: even

text: in

text: countries

text: that

text: have

text: no

text: direct

text: link

text: to

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: culture

text: use

text: some

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Neptune

text: for

text: the

text: planet

text: However

text: in

text: Chinese

text: Japanese

text: and

text: Korean

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: name

text: was

text: translated

text: as

text: sea

text: king

text: star

text: 海王星

text: because

text: Neptune

text: was

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: In

text: Mongolian

text: Neptune

text: is

text: called

text: Dalain

text: Van

text: Далайн

text: ван

text: reflecting

text: its

text: namesake

text: god

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: In

text: modern

text: Greek

text: the

text: planet

text: is

text: called

text: Poseidon

text: Ποσειδώνας

text: Poseidonas

text: the

text: Greek

text: counterpart

text: of

text: Neptune

text: In

text: Hebrew

text: Rahab

text: רהב

text: from

text: a

text: Biblical

text: sea

text: monster

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Psalms

text: was

text: selected

text: in

text: a

text: vote

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Language

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: planet

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: existing

text: Latin

text: term

text: Neptun

text: נפטון

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: In

text: Māori

text: the

text: planet

text: is

text: called

text: Tangaroa

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Māori

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: In

text: Nahuatl

text: the

text: planet

text: is

text: called

text: Tlāloccītlalli

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: rain

text: god

text: Tlāloc

question: What is the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean translations for Neptune?

answer: sea king star

text: sea king star

question: What god was Neptune?

answer: god of the sea

text: god of the sea

question: What is the Mongolian name for Neptune?

answer: Dalain Van

text: Dalain Van

question: What did the Greeks call Neptune?

answer: Poseidon

text: Poseidon

question: What was the Biblical sea monster that Neptune is named in Hebrew?

answer: Rahab

text: Rahab


text: These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: These

text: Christmas

text: music

text: marathons

text: typically

text: start

text: during

text: the

text: week

text: before

text: Thanksgiving

text: Day

text: and

text: end

text: after

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: or

text: sometimes

text: extending

text: to

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Day

text: Afterwards

text: the

text: stations

text: usually

text: resume

text: their

text: normal

text: music

text: fare

text: Several

text: stations

text: begin

text: the

text: holiday

text: format

text: much

text: earlier

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: November

text: The

text: roots

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: beautiful

text: music

text: and

text: easy

text: listening

text: stations

text: of

text: the

text: and

question: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?

answer: the week before Thanksgiving Day

text: the week before Thanksgiving Day

question: When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?

answer: after Christmas Day

text: after Christmas Day

question: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?

answer: New Year's Day

text: New Year's Day

question: When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?

answer: the beginning of November

text: the beginning of November

question: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?

answer: beautiful music and easy listening

text: beautiful music and easy listening


text: Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a charge balance in the lumen, sodium is carried with it, along with water. In this type of diarrhea intestinal fluid secretion is isotonic with plasma even during fasting. It continues even when there is no oral food intake.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: Secretory

text: diarrhea

text: means

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: active

text: secretion

text: or

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: inhibition

text: of

text: absorption

text: There

text: is

text: little

text: to

text: no

text: structural

text: damage

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: diarrhea

text: is

text: a

text: cholera

text: toxin

text: that

text: stimulates

text: the

text: secretion

text: of

text: anions

text: especially

text: chloride

text: ions

text: Therefore

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: charge

text: balance

text: in

text: the

text: lumen

text: sodium

text: is

text: carried

text: with

text: it

text: along

text: with

text: water

text: In

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: diarrhea

text: intestinal

text: fluid

text: secretion

text: is

text: isotonic

text: with

text: plasma

text: even

text: during

text: fasting

text: It

text: continues

text: even

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: oral

text: food

text: intake

question: What is secretory diarrhea?

answer: an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption

text: an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption

question: What are the causes of secretory diarrhea?

answer: cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions

text: cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions

question: Is there any structural damage associated with secretory diarrhea?

answer: . There is little to no structural damage.

text: . There is little to no structural damage.


text: The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: beer

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: brewing

text: A

text: dedicated

text: building

text: for

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: brewery

text: though

text: beer

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: A

text: company

text: that

text: makes

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: either

text: a

text: brewery

text: or

text: a

text: brewing

text: company

text: Beer

text: made

text: on

text: a

text: domestic

text: scale

text: for

text: non

text: commercial

text: reasons

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: homebrewing

text: regardless

text: of

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: made

text: though

text: most

text: homebrewed

text: beer

text: is

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: Brewing

text: beer

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: legislation

text: and

text: taxation

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: which

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: largely

text: restricted

text: brewing

text: to

text: a

text: commercial

text: operation

text: only

text: However

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: relaxed

text: legislation

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: Australia

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: in

text: allowing

text: homebrewing

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: popular

text: hobby

question: What is the process of making beer called?

answer: brewing

text: brewing

question: What is a building called that is used for making beer?

answer: a brewery

text: a brewery

question: What is company that makes beer typically known as?

answer: a brewing company

text: a brewing company

question: What is beer classified as when it is made for non-commerical consumption?

answer: homebrewing

text: homebrewing

question: In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?

answer: 1963


text: A number of species of moths live in the Alps, some of which are believed to have evolved in the same habitat up to 120 million years ago, long before the Alps were created. Blue moths can commonly be seen drinking from the snow melt; some species of blue moths fly as high as 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The butterflies tend to be large, such as those from the swallowtail Parnassius family, with a habitat that ranges to 1,800 m (5,906 ft). Twelve species of beetles have habitats up to the snow line; the most beautiful and formerly collected for its colours but now protected is the Rosalia alpina. Spiders, such as the large wolf spider, live above the snow line and can be seen as high as 400 m (1,312 ft). Scorpions can be found in the Italian Alps.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: moths

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: habitat

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: long

text: before

text: the

text: Alps

text: were

text: created

text: Blue

text: moths

text: can

text: commonly

text: be

text: seen

text: drinking

text: from

text: the

text: snow

text: melt

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: blue

text: moths

text: fly

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: butterflies

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: large

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: from

text: the

text: swallowtail

text: Parnassius

text: family

text: with

text: a

text: habitat

text: that

text: ranges

text: to

text: m

text: ft

text: Twelve

text: species

text: of

text: beetles

text: have

text: habitats

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: snow

text: line

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: and

text: formerly

text: collected

text: for

text: its

text: colours

text: but

text: now

text: protected

text: is

text: the

text: Rosalia

text: alpina

text: Spiders

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: large

text: wolf

text: spider

text: live

text: above

text: the

text: snow

text: line

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: m

text: ft

text: Scorpions

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: Alps

question: How long have some species of moths believed to have evolved from the same habitat?

answer: 120 million years

text: 120 million years

question: What can be commonly seen drinking from the snow melt?

answer: Blue moths

text: Blue moths

question: The swallowtail Parnassius family of butterfly habitat ranges up to how much?

answer: 1,800 m (5,906 ft)

text: 1,800 m (5,906 ft)

question: What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected?

answer: Rosalia alpina

text: Rosalia alpina


title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Scientists

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: the

text: exact

text: cause

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: but

text: they

text: believe

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: complex

text: interplay

text: of

text: genetic

text: hormonal

text: and

text: environmental

text: influences

text: They

text: favor

text: biologically

text: based

text: theories

text: which

text: point

text: to

text: genetic

text: factors

text: the

text: early

text: uterine

text: environment

text: both

text: or

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: genetic

text: and

text: social

text: factors

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: substantive

text: evidence

text: which

text: suggests

text: parenting

text: or

text: early

text: childhood

text: experiences

text: play

text: a

text: role

text: when

text: it

text: comes

text: to

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Research

text: over

text: several

text: decades

text: has

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: ranges

text: along

text: a

text: continuum

text: from

text: exclusive

text: attraction

text: to

text: the

text: opposite

text: sex

text: to

text: exclusive

text: attraction

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: sex

question: What three factors do scientists believe are the cause of sexual orientation?

answer: genetic, hormonal, and environmental

text: genetic, hormonal, and environmental

question: What is the favored influence as to the cause of sexual orientation?

answer: biologically-based

text: biologically-based

question: IS there evidence that parenting and/or childhood play a role in determining sexual orientation?

answer: no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role

text: no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role

question: What is the observed continuum for sexual orientation?

answer: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

text: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

question: Do scientists know the cause of sexual orientation?

answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

text: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

question: What three factors do scientists believe are the cause of sexual orientation?

answer: genetic, hormonal, and environmental

text: genetic, hormonal, and environmental

question: Do scientists believe that parenting and/or childhood play a role in sexual orientation?

answer: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation

text: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation

question: What are the two extremes of the continuum of sexual orientation?

answer: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

text: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

question: Has science research figured out the cause of sexual orientation preferences?

answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

text: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

question: What type of theories are favored by scientists studying sexual orientation?

answer: biologically-based theories

text: biologically-based theories

question: Do scientist's know what can cause somebodys sexual orientation?

answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

text: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

question: What can scientifically be considered the main factors in somebodys sexual orientation?

answer: they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.

text: they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.

question: What cannot be considered a factor in sexual orientation due to the lack of evidence?

answer: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation.

text: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation.

question: What has the research that has been done already show about sexual orientation show?

answer: has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

text: has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

question: Which ideas do scientist lean towards causing sexual orientation?

answer: They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors

text: They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors


text: Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Solar

text: cookers

text: use

text: sunlight

text: for

text: cooking

text: drying

text: and

text: pasteurization

text: They

text: can

text: be

text: grouped

text: into

text: three

text: broad

text: categories

text: box

text: cookers

text: panel

text: cookers

text: and

text: reflector

text: cookers

text: The

text: simplest

text: solar

text: cooker

text: is

text: the

text: box

text: cooker

text: first

text: built

text: by

text: Horace

text: de

text: Saussure

text: in

text: A

text: basic

text: box

text: cooker

text: consists

text: of

text: an

text: insulated

text: container

text: with

text: a

text: transparent

text: lid

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: effectively

text: with

text: partially

text: overcast

text: skies

text: and

text: will

text: typically

text: reach

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: Panel

text: cookers

text: use

text: a

text: reflective

text: panel

text: to

text: direct

text: sunlight

text: onto

text: an

text: insulated

text: container

text: and

text: reach

text: temperatures

text: comparable

text: to

text: box

text: cookers

text: Reflector

text: cookers

text: use

text: various

text: concentrating

text: geometries

text: dish

text: trough

text: Fresnel

text: mirrors

text: to

text: focus

text: light

text: on

text: a

text: cooking

text: container

text: These

text: cookers

text: reach

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: above

text: but

text: require

text: direct

text: light

text: to

text: function

text: properly

text: and

text: must

text: be

text: repositioned

text: to

text: track

text: the

text: Sun

question: Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year?

answer: 1767

question: Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what?

answer: 315

question: What are solar cookers used for?

answer: cooking, drying and pasteurization

text: cooking, drying and pasteurization

question: What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers?

answer: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers

text: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers

question: Who created the box cooker?

answer: Horace de Saussure

text: Horace de Saussure

question: What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?

answer: 90–150 °C (194–302 °F)

text: 90–150 °C (194–302 °F)

question: What do reflector cookers require to function?

answer: direct light

text: direct light


text: The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: written

text: for

text: non

text: specialist

text: readers

text: and

text: attracted

text: widespread

text: interest

text: upon

text: its

text: publication

text: As

text: Darwin

text: was

text: an

text: eminent

text: scientist

text: his

text: findings

text: were

text: taken

text: seriously

text: and

text: the

text: evidence

text: he

text: presented

text: generated

text: scientific

text: philosophical

text: and

text: religious

text: discussion

text: The

text: debate

text: over

text: the

text: book

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: campaign

text: by

text: T.

text: H.

text: Huxley

text: and

text: his

text: fellow

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: X

text: Club

text: to

text: secularise

text: science

text: by

text: promoting

text: scientific

text: naturalism

text: Within

text: two

text: decades

text: there

text: was

text: widespread

text: scientific

text: agreement

text: that

text: evolution

text: with

text: a

text: branching

text: pattern

text: of

text: common

text: descent

text: had

text: occurred

text: but

text: scientists

text: were

text: slow

text: to

text: give

text: natural

text: selection

text: the

text: significance

text: that

text: Darwin

text: thought

text: appropriate

text: During

text: the

text: eclipse

text: of

text: Darwinism

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: other

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: evolution

text: were

text: given

text: more

text: credit

text: With

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: adaptation

text: through

text: natural

text: selection

text: became

text: central

text: to

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: theory

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: now

text: become

text: the

text: unifying

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: sciences

question: What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?

answer: non-specialist readers

text: non-specialist readers

question: Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book?

answer: T. H. Huxley

text: T. H. Huxley

question: What was T.H. Huxley promoting?

answer: scientific naturalism

text: scientific naturalism

question: What was the growing change in opinion about evolution called?

answer: "the eclipse of Darwinism"

text: "the eclipse of Darwinism"

question: When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution?

answer: in the 1930s and 1940s

text: in the 1930s and 1940s


text: Mexico has a large number of department stores based in Mexico, of which the most traditional are El Palacio de Hierro (High end and luxury goods) and Liverpool (Upper-middle income), with its middle income sister store Fabricas de Francia. Sanborns owns over 100 middle income level stores throughout the country. Grupo Carso operates Sears Mexico and two high-end Saks 5th Avenue stores. Other large chains are Coppel and Elektra, which offer items for the bargain price seeker. Wal-Mart operates Suburbia for lower income shoppers, along with stores under the brand names of Wal-Mart, Bodega Aurrera, and Superama.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Mexico

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: department

text: stores

text: based

text: in

text: Mexico

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: most

text: traditional

text: are

text: El

text: Palacio

text: de

text: Hierro

text: High

text: end

text: and

text: luxury

text: goods

text: and

text: Liverpool

text: Upper

text: middle

text: income

text: with

text: its

text: middle

text: income

text: sister

text: store

text: Fabricas

text: de

text: Francia

text: Sanborns

text: owns

text: over

text: middle

text: income

text: level

text: stores

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: Grupo

text: Carso

text: operates

text: Sears

text: Mexico

text: and

text: two

text: high

text: end

text: Saks

text: Avenue

text: stores

text: Other

text: large

text: chains

text: are

text: Coppel

text: and

text: Elektra

text: which

text: offer

text: items

text: for

text: the

text: bargain

text: price

text: seeker

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: operates

text: Suburbia

text: for

text: lower

text: income

text: shoppers

text: along

text: with

text: stores

text: under

text: the

text: brand

text: names

text: of

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: Bodega

text: Aurrera

text: and

text: Superama

question: What Mexican department store typically caters to high-end goods?

answer: El Palacio de Hierro

text: El Palacio de Hierro

question: What company is responsible for over 100 stores in the country?

answer: Sanborns

text: Sanborns

question: What company operates Sears Mexico?

answer: Grupo Carso

text: Grupo Carso

question: What chains typically cater to bargain shoppers?

answer: Coppel and Elektra

text: Coppel and Elektra


text: Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life." Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's "general factotum and copyist".

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Two

text: Polish

text: friends

text: in

text: Paris

text: were

text: also

text: to

text: play

text: important

text: roles

text: in

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: life

text: there

text: His

text: fellow

text: student

text: at

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Conservatory

text: Julian

text: Fontana

text: had

text: originally

text: tried

text: unsuccessfully

text: to

text: establish

text: himself

text: in

text: England

text: Albert

text: Grzymała

text: who

text: in

text: Paris

text: became

text: a

text: wealthy

text: financier

text: and

text: society

text: figure

text: often

text: acted

text: as

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: adviser

text: and

text: gradually

text: began

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: elder

text: brother

text: in

text: his

text: life

text: Fontana

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Michałowski

text: and

text: Samson

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: general

text: factotum

text: and

text: copyist

question: Which friend of Frédéric failed to achieve success in England?

answer: Julian Fontana

text: Julian Fontana

question: Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?

answer: Albert Grzymała

text: Albert Grzymała

question: What familial role was Albert Grzymała compared to in regards to Frédéric?

answer: elder brother

text: elder brother

question: Who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to Frédéric?

answer: Julian Fontana

text: Julian Fontana

question: What nationality were the two friends who served as a pivotal influence in Frédéric's life while in Paris?

answer: Polish

text: Polish

question: Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris?

answer: England

text: England

question: Where did Julian Fontana fail to get established?

answer: England

text: England

question: Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?

answer: Albert Grzymała

text: Albert Grzymała

question: Which friend of Chopin became like an older brother to him?

answer: Albert Grzymała

text: Albert Grzymała

question: Which friend took on the role of several jobs to help Chopin including copyist?

answer: Julian Fontana

text: Julian Fontana

question: Where were Chopin and Fontana students together?

answer: Warsaw Conservatory

text: Warsaw Conservatory