text: Ann Arbor is part of Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented in Congress by Representative Debbie Dingell, a Democrat. On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren. In the Michigan House of Representatives, representation is split between the 55th district (northern Ann Arbor, part of Ann Arbor Township, and other surrounding areas, represented by Democrat Adam Zemke), the 53rd district (most of downtown and the southern half of the city, represented by Democrat Jeff Irwin) and the 52nd district (southwestern areas outside Ann Arbor proper and western Washtenaw County, represented by Democrat Gretchen Driskell).

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: congressional

text: district

text: represented

text: in

text: Congress

text: by

text: Representative

text: Debbie

text: Dingell

text: a

text: Democrat

text: On

text: the

text: state

text: level

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Senate

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Rebekah

text: Warren

text: In

text: the

text: Michigan

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: representation

text: is

text: split

text: between

text: the

text: district

text: northern

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: part

text: of

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Township

text: and

text: other

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Adam

text: Zemke

text: the

text: district

text: most

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Jeff

text: Irwin

text: and

text: the

text: district

text: southwestern

text: areas

text: outside

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: proper

text: and

text: western

text: Washtenaw

text: County

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Gretchen

text: Driskell

question: Who represents the congress in Ann Arbor?

answer: Debbie Dingell

text: Debbie Dingell

question: On a state level the city is part of which district number?

answer: 18th district

text: 18th district

question: Who represents the city in Michigan senate?

answer: Rebekah Warren

text: Rebekah Warren


text: David Jones was started by David Jones, a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London. Appleton established a store in Sydney in 1825 and Jones subsequently established a partnership with Appleton, moved to Australia in 1835, and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones. When the partnership was dissolved in 1838, Jones moved his business to premises on the corner of George Street and Barrack Lane, Sydney. David Jones claims to be the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: David

text: Jones

text: was

text: started

text: by

text: David

text: Jones

text: a

text: Welsh

text: merchant

text: who

text: met

text: Hobart

text: businessman

text: Charles

text: Appleton

text: in

text: London

text: Appleton

text: established

text: a

text: store

text: in

text: Sydney

text: in

text: and

text: Jones

text: subsequently

text: established

text: a

text: partnership

text: with

text: Appleton

text: moved

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Sydney

text: store

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Appleton

text: Jones

text: When

text: the

text: partnership

text: was

text: dissolved

text: in

text: Jones

text: moved

text: his

text: business

text: to

text: premises

text: on

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: George

text: Street

text: and

text: Barrack

text: Lane

text: Sydney

text: David

text: Jones

text: claims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: still

text: trading

text: under

text: its

text: original

text: name

question: What occupation did David Jones have?

answer: merchant

text: merchant

question: Where did David Jones and Charles Appleton meet?

answer: in London

text: in London

question: Where did Appleton begin a store in 1825?

answer: Sydney

text: Sydney

question: What was the store in Sydney called after Jones moved to Australia?

answer: Appleton & Jones

text: Appleton & Jones

question: When did the partnership between Jones and Appleton end?

answer: 1838


text: The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: The

text: city

text: uses

text: the

text: strong

text: mayor

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: mayor

text: council

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: one

text: mayor

text: in

text: whom

text: executive

text: authority

text: is

text: vested

text: Elected

text: at

text: large

text: the

text: mayor

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: two

text: consecutive

text: four

text: year

text: terms

text: under

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: home

text: rule

text: charter

text: but

text: can

text: run

text: for

text: the

text: position

text: again

text: after

text: an

text: intervening

text: term

text: The

text: Mayor

text: is

text: Jim

text: Kenney

text: who

text: replaced

text: Michael

text: Nutter

text: who

text: served

text: two

text: terms

text: from

text: to

text: January

text: Kenney

text: as

text: all

text: Philadelphia

text: mayors

text: have

text: been

text: since

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: which

text: tends

text: to

text: dominate

text: local

text: politics

text: so

text: thoroughly

text: that

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Mayoral

text: primary

text: is

text: often

text: more

text: widely

text: covered

text: than

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: The

text: legislative

text: branch

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: City

text: Council

text: consists

text: of

text: ten

text: council

text: members

text: representing

text: individual

text: districts

text: and

text: seven

text: members

text: elected

text: at

text: large

text: Democrats

text: currently

text: hold

text: seats

text: with

text: Republicans

text: representing

text: two

text: allotted

text: at

text: large

text: seats

text: for

text: the

text: minority

text: party

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Northeast

text: based

text: Tenth

text: District

text: The

text: current

text: council

text: president

text: is

text: Darrell

text: Clarke

question: What type of government does Philadelphia have?

answer: strong-mayor version of the mayor-council

text: strong-mayor version of the mayor-council

question: How many terms can a mayor serve?

answer: two consecutive four-year terms

text: two consecutive four-year terms

question: Who is the current mayor?

answer: Jim Kenney

text: Jim Kenney

question: What party does the mayor represent?

answer: Democratic Party

text: Democratic Party

question: What is the legislative branch called?

answer: Philadelphia City Council

text: Philadelphia City Council


text: The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320 million years. Ancient Greek philosophers, including Parmenides and Heraclitus, wrote essays on the nature of time. Plato, in the Timaeus, identified time with the period of motion of the heavenly bodies. Aristotle, in Book IV of his Physica defined time as 'number of movement in respect of the before and after'.

title: Time

title: Time

text: The

text: Vedas

text: the

text: earliest

text: texts

text: on

text: Indian

text: philosophy

text: and

text: Hindu

text: philosophy

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: millennium

text: BC

text: describe

text: ancient

text: Hindu

text: cosmology

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: universe

text: goes

text: through

text: repeated

text: cycles

text: of

text: creation

text: destruction

text: and

text: rebirth

text: with

text: each

text: cycle

text: lasting

text: million

text: years

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: philosophers

text: including

text: Parmenides

text: and

text: Heraclitus

text: wrote

text: essays

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: time

text: Plato

text: in

text: the

text: Timaeus

text: identified

text: time

text: with

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: heavenly

text: bodies

text: Aristotle

text: in

text: Book

text: IV

text: of

text: his

text: Physica

text: defined

text: time

text: as

text: number

text: of

text: movement

text: in

text: respect

text: of

text: the

text: before

text: and

text: after

question: What are the earliest texts of Indian/Hindu philosophy?

answer: The Vedas

text: The Vedas

question: How long ago are the earliest texts of Indian/Hindu philosophy dated?

answer: back to the late 2nd millennium BC

text: back to the late 2nd millennium BC

question: How long does each cycle of birth and destruction of the universe last according to Ancient Hindu texts?

answer: 4,320 million years

text: 4,320 million years

question: Which ancient Greek philosophers wrote essays on the concept of time?

answer: Parmenides and Heraclitus

text: Parmenides and Heraclitus

question: Aristotle defined time as "number of movement in respect of the before and after" in which book?

answer: Book IV of his Physica

text: Book IV of his Physica


text: Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or her interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments. While organized religion is not necessarily a part of every adolescent's life experience, youth are still held responsible for forming a set of beliefs about themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in. This process is often accompanied or aided by cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood through a ceremony, ritual, confirmation, or rite of passage.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Adolescence

text: is

text: frequently

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: transformation

text: of

text: an

text: adolescent

text: 's

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: rational

text: direction

text: towards

text: a

text: life

text: course

text: and

text: the

text: active

text: seeking

text: of

text: new

text: ideas

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: unquestioning

text: acceptance

text: of

text: adult

text: authority

text: An

text: adolescent

text: begins

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: unique

text: belief

text: system

text: through

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: interaction

text: with

text: social

text: familial

text: and

text: cultural

text: environments

text: While

text: organized

text: religion

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: every

text: adolescent

text: 's

text: life

text: experience

text: youth

text: are

text: still

text: held

text: responsible

text: for

text: forming

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: beliefs

text: about

text: themselves

text: the

text: world

text: around

text: them

text: and

text: whatever

text: higher

text: powers

text: they

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: believe

text: in

text: This

text: process

text: is

text: often

text: accompanied

text: or

text: aided

text: by

text: cultural

text: traditions

text: that

text: intend

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: meaningful

text: transition

text: to

text: adulthood

text: through

text: a

text: ceremony

text: ritual

text: confirmation

text: or

text: rite

text: of

text: passage

question: Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system?

answer: interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments

text: interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments

question: The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development?

answer: Adolescence

text: Adolescence

question: What things are youth responsible for forming a set of beliefs about during adolescence?

answer: themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in

text: themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in

question: Ceremonies, rituals, and confirmations are examples of what?

answer: cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood

text: cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood


text: There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest.  Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: There

text: are

text: over

text: three

text: thousand

text: islands

text: along

text: the

text: rugged

text: coastline

text: of

text: Zhejiang

text: The

text: largest

text: Zhoushan

text: Island

text: is

text: Mainland

text: China

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: island

text: after

text: Hainan

text: and

text: Chongming

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: many

text: bays

text: of

text: which

text: Hangzhou

text: Bay

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: Zhejiang

text: has

text: a

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: with

text: four

text: distinct

text: seasons

text: Spring

text: starts

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: is

text: rainy

text: with

text: changeable

text: weather

text: Summer

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: September

text: is

text: long

text: hot

text: rainy

text: and

text: humid

text: Fall

text: is

text: generally

text: dry

text: warm

text: and

text: sunny

text: Winters

text: are

text: short

text: but

text: cold

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: is

text: around

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: average

text: January

text: temperature

text: is

text: around

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: and

text: average

text: July

text: temperature

text: is

text: around

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: Annual

text: precipitation

text: is

text: about

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

text: There

text: is

text: plenty

text: of

text: rainfall

text: in

text: early

text: summer

text: and

text: by

text: late

text: summer

text: Zhejiang

text: is

text: directly

text: threatened

text: by

text: typhoons

text: forming

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

question: How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?

answer: over three thousand

text: over three thousand

question: What is the largest island near Zhejiang?

answer: Zhoushan Island

text: Zhoushan Island

question: What is the largest bay of Zhejiang?

answer: Hangzhou Bay

text: Hangzhou Bay

question: How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?

answer: four

text: four

question: When does Spring start in Zhejiang?

answer: March

text: March


text: In the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts. Grapes were also significant to both the Greeks and Romans, and their god of agriculture, Dionysus, was linked to grapes and wine, being frequently portrayed with grape leaves on his head. Grapes are especially significant for Christians, who since the Early Church have used wine in their celebration of the Eucharist. Views on the significance of the wine vary between denominations. In Christian art, grapes often represent the blood of Christ, such as the grape leaves in Caravaggio’s John the Baptist.

title: Grape

title: Grape

text: In

text: the

text: Bible

text: grapes

text: are

text: first

text: mentioned

text: when

text: Noah

text: grows

text: them

text: on

text: his

text: farm

text: Genesis

text: Instructions

text: concerning

text: wine

text: are

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: of

text: Proverbs

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: of

text: Isaiah

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Proverbs

text: and

text: Isaiah

text: Deuteronomy

text: tell

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: wine

text: during

text: Jewish

text: feasts

text: Grapes

text: were

text: also

text: significant

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Romans

text: and

text: their

text: god

text: of

text: agriculture

text: Dionysus

text: was

text: linked

text: to

text: grapes

text: and

text: wine

text: being

text: frequently

text: portrayed

text: with

text: grape

text: leaves

text: on

text: his

text: head

text: Grapes

text: are

text: especially

text: significant

text: for

text: Christians

text: who

text: since

text: the

text: Early

text: Church

text: have

text: used

text: wine

text: in

text: their

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: Eucharist

text: Views

text: on

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: wine

text: vary

text: between

text: denominations

text: In

text: Christian

text: art

text: grapes

text: often

text: represent

text: the

text: blood

text: of

text: Christ

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: grape

text: leaves

text: in

text: Caravaggio

text: ’s

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

question: When are grapes first mentioned in the Bible?

answer: Genesis 9:20–21

text: Genesis 9:20–21

question: Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture?

answer: Dionysus

text: Dionysus

question: Whose blood do grapes usually represent in Christian art?

answer: Christ

text: Christ

question: Which book of the Bible talks about the use of wine during Jewish feasts?

answer: Deuteronomy

text: Deuteronomy

question: Who in the Bible first grew grapes on their farm?

answer: Noah

text: Noah


text: In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: April

text: Stalin

text: gave

text: Kim

text: permission

text: to

text: invade

text: the

text: South

text: under

text: the

text: condition

text: that

text: Mao

text: would

text: agree

text: to

text: send

text: reinforcements

text: if

text: they

text: became

text: needed

text: Stalin

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: that

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: would

text: not

text: openly

text: engage

text: in

text: combat

text: to

text: avoid

text: a

text: direct

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: Americans

text: Kim

text: met

text: with

text: Mao

text: in

text: May

text: Mao

text: was

text: concerned

text: that

text: the

text: Americans

text: would

text: intervene

text: but

text: agreed

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: North

text: Korean

text: invasion

text: China

text: desperately

text: needed

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: military

text: aid

text: promised

text: by

text: the

text: Soviets

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: Chinese

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: demobilizing

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: PLA

text: 's

text: million

text: soldiers

text: However

text: Mao

text: sent

text: more

text: ethnic

text: Korean

text: PLA

text: veterans

text: to

text: Korea

text: and

text: promised

text: to

text: move

text: an

text: army

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: Korean

text: border

text: Once

text: Mao

text: 's

text: commitment

text: was

text: secured

text: preparations

text: for

text: war

text: accelerated

question: Who had to agree to send reinforcements for Stalin to give permission for the invasion of Korea?

answer: Mao

text: Mao

question: Who did the Soviets not want to engage in conflict?

answer: the Americans

text: the Americans

question: What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion?

answer: the Americans would intervene

text: the Americans would intervene

question: Who needed Soviet financial and military aid?

answer: China

text: China

question: What did Mao's assistance allow North Korea to accelerate?

answer: preparations for war

text: preparations for war


text: Dell opened plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995, and in Xiamen, China in 1999. These facilities serve the Asian market and assemble 95% of Dell notebooks. Dell Inc. has invested[when?] an estimated $60 million in a new manufacturing unit in Chennai, India, to support the sales of its products in the Indian subcontinent. Indian-made products bear the "Made in India" mark. In 2007 the Chennai facility had the target of producing 400,000 desktop PCs, and plans envisaged it starting to produce notebook PCs and other products in the second half of 2007.[citation needed]

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: opened

text: plants

text: in

text: Penang

text: Malaysia

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Xiamen

text: China

text: in

text: These

text: facilities

text: serve

text: the

text: Asian

text: market

text: and

text: assemble

text: of

text: Dell

text: notebooks

text: Dell

text: Inc.

text: has

text: invested[when

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: manufacturing

text: unit

text: in

text: Chennai

text: India

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: its

text: products

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: Indian

text: made

text: products

text: bear

text: the

text: Made

text: in

text: India

text: mark

text: In

text: the

text: Chennai

text: facility

text: had

text: the

text: target

text: of

text: producing

text: desktop

text: PCs

text: and

text: plans

text: envisaged

text: it

text: starting

text: to

text: produce

text: notebook

text: PCs

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: needed

question: In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1995?

answer: Malaysia

text: Malaysia

question: What percentage of Dell notebooks are assembled in their asian plants?

answer: 95%

question: How much did Dell spend to construct a new plant in India?

answer: $60 million

text: $60 million

question: How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2007?

answer: 400,000


text: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The name of the bureau is traditional and historic. There is, however, no distinct Middle East. All official Middle Eastern affairs are referred to this bureau.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Near

text: Eastern

text: Affairs

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: State

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: agency

text: to

text: still

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: Near

text: East

text: Under

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: it

text: implements

text: the

text: official

text: diplomacy

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: called

text: also

text: statecraft

text: by

text: Secretary

text: Clinton

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: bureau

text: is

text: traditional

text: and

text: historic

text: There

text: is

text: however

text: no

text: distinct

text: Middle

text: East

text: All

text: official

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: affairs

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: this

text: bureau

question: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs is a division of what?

answer: the United States Department of State

text: the United States Department of State

question: What is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East?

answer: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs

text: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs

question: Secretary Clinton also calls the implementation of official diplomacy of the United States what?

answer: statecraft

text: statecraft


text: Lee and freelance artist and eventual co-plotter Jack Kirby's Fantastic Four originated in a Cold War culture that led their creators to revise the superhero conventions of previous eras to better reflect the psychological spirit of their age. Eschewing such comic-book tropes as secret identities and even costumes at first, having a monster as one of the heroes, and having its characters bicker and complain in what was later called a "superheroes in the real world" approach, the series represented a change that proved to be a great success.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: Lee

text: and

text: freelance

text: artist

text: and

text: eventual

text: co

text: plotter

text: Jack

text: Kirby

text: 's

text: Fantastic

text: Four

text: originated

text: in

text: a

text: Cold

text: War

text: culture

text: that

text: led

text: their

text: creators

text: to

text: revise

text: the

text: superhero

text: conventions

text: of

text: previous

text: eras

text: to

text: better

text: reflect

text: the

text: psychological

text: spirit

text: of

text: their

text: age

text: Eschewing

text: such

text: comic

text: book

text: tropes

text: as

text: secret

text: identities

text: and

text: even

text: costumes

text: at

text: first

text: having

text: a

text: monster

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: heroes

text: and

text: having

text: its

text: characters

text: bicker

text: and

text: complain

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: later

text: called

text: a

text: superheroes

text: in

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: approach

text: the

text: series

text: represented

text: a

text: change

text: that

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: great

text: success

question: Who joined with Stan Lee in creating the Fantastic Four?

answer: Jack Kirby

text: Jack Kirby

question: What historic era did the Fantastic Four initially inhabit?

answer: Cold War

text: Cold War

question: What traditional superhero element did the Fantastic Four initially do without?

answer: costumes

text: costumes

question: None of the Fantastic Four had what hidden element so common to other superheroes?

answer: secret identities

text: secret identities

question: The emphasis on relatable settings and character motivations in Marvel's 1960s comics is called what?

answer: "superheroes in the real world"

text: "superheroes in the real world"


text: On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order "established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons." Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: On

text: July

text: Truman

text: mandated

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: hiring

text: and

text: employment

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: reaffirming

text: FDR

text: 's

text: order

text: of

text: He

text: issued

text: two

text: executive

text: orders

text: on

text: July

text: Executive

text: Order

text: and

text: Executive

text: Order

text: Executive

text: Order

text: named

text: Regulations

text: Governing

text: for

text: Employment

text: Practices

text: within

text: the

text: Federal

text: Establishment

text: instituted

text: fair

text: employment

text: practices

text: in

text: the

text: civilian

text: agencies

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: The

text: order

text: created

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Fair

text: Employment

text: Officer

text: The

text: order

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Civil

text: Service

text: Commission

text: a

text: Fair

text: Employment

text: Board

text: of

text: not

text: less

text: than

text: seven

text: persons

text: Executive

text: Order

text: named

text: Establishing

text: the

text: President

text: 's

text: Committee

text: on

text: Equality

text: of

text: Treatment

text: and

text: Opportunity

text: in

text: the

text: Armed

text: Services

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Military

text: Establishment

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: the

text: executive

text: order

question: What day did Truman mandate the end of discrimination in the federal government?

answer: July 26

text: July 26

question: How many executive orders were issued to help prevent discrimination?

answer: two

text: two

question: What was the name given to Executive Order 9980?

answer: Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment

text: Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment

question: Which position was formulated as a result of Executive Order 9980?

answer: Fair Employment Officer

text: Fair Employment Officer

question: What name was given to Executive Order 9981?

answer: Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services

text: Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services


text: France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La Samaritaine, another upscale department store also owned by LVMH, closed in 2005. Mid-range department stores chains also exist in France such as the BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville), part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: France

text: 's

text: major

text: upscale

text: department

text: stores

text: are

text: Galeries

text: Lafayette

text: and

text: Le

text: Printemps

text: which

text: both

text: have

text: flagship

text: stores

text: on

text: Boulevard

text: Haussmann

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: branches

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: first

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: France

text: Le

text: Bon

text: Marché

text: in

text: Paris

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: luxury

text: goods

text: conglomerate

text: LVMH

text: La

text: Samaritaine

text: another

text: upscale

text: department

text: store

text: also

text: owned

text: by

text: LVMH

text: closed

text: in

text: Mid

text: range

text: department

text: stores

text: chains

text: also

text: exist

text: in

text: France

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: BHV

text: Bazar

text: de

text: l'Hotel

text: de

text: Ville

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: group

text: as

text: Galeries

text: Lafayette

question: What are two main department stores in France?

answer: Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps

text: Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps

question: What year was the first department store open in France?

answer: 1852

question: Who currently owns Le Bon Marche?

answer: LVMH

text: LVMH

question: What apartment store in Paris was closed in 2005?

answer: La Samaritaine

text: La Samaritaine

question: What French department store is part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette?

answer: BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville)

text: BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville)


text: Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September. The average temperature is 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), has major and minor lower maximum average temperature, of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) and 12.9 °C (55.2 °F), respectively. Average temperatures from September through March are a consistent 22 °C (72 °F). With 247.4 mm (9.7 in), January is the month with the highest rainfall of the year, while June is the lowest, with only 8.7 mm (0.3 in).

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: Brasília

text: has

text: a

text: tropical

text: savanna

text: climate

text: Aw

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Köppen

text: system

text: with

text: two

text: distinct

text: seasons

text: the

text: rainy

text: season

text: from

text: October

text: to

text: April

text: and

text: a

text: dry

text: season

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: September

text: The

text: average

text: temperature

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: September

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: dry

text: season

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: average

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: C

text: F

text: has

text: major

text: and

text: minor

text: lower

text: maximum

text: average

text: temperature

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: respectively

text: Average

text: temperatures

text: from

text: September

text: through

text: March

text: are

text: a

text: consistent

text: C

text: F

text: With

text: mm

text: in

text: January

text: is

text: the

text: month

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: rainfall

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: while

text: June

text: is

text: the

text: lowest

text: with

text: only

text: mm

text: in

question: What climate type does Brasilia have?

answer: tropical savanna climate (Aw)

text: tropical savanna climate (Aw)

question: When is Brasilia's rainy season?

answer: October to April

text: October to April

question: When is Brasilia's dry season?

answer: May to September

text: May to September

question: What is the average maximum temperature in Brasilia in September?

answer: 28.3 °C (82.9 °F)

text: 28.3 °C (82.9 °F)

question: Which month does Brasilia have the highest rainfall?

answer: January

text: January


text: The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways. English and European ingredients constantly came in contact. The international side of the province's existence influenced the national, and the national responded to, adapted, and sometimes constrained the international.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: English

text: Province

text: was

text: a

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: order

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: obtained

text: its

text: laws

text: direction

text: and

text: instructions

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: however

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Englishmen

text: Its

text: direct

text: supervisors

text: were

text: from

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Province

text: dwelt

text: and

text: labored

text: in

text: English

text: cities

text: towns

text: villages

text: and

text: roadways

text: English

text: and

text: European

text: ingredients

text: constantly

text: came

text: in

text: contact

text: The

text: international

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: 's

text: existence

text: influenced

text: the

text: national

text: and

text: the

text: national

text: responded

text: to

text: adapted

text: and

text: sometimes

text: constrained

text: the

text: international

question: The Dominican Order in England was controlled by who?

answer: Englishmen

text: Englishmen

question: The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side?

answer: international

text: international

question: Why was the English order of the Dominicans so successful in England?

answer: Its direct supervisors were from England

text: Its direct supervisors were from England


text: Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature. All of the many forms of energy are convertible to other kinds of energy. In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law of conservation of energy which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: Common

text: energy

text: forms

text: include

text: the

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: of

text: a

text: moving

text: object

text: the

text: potential

text: energy

text: stored

text: by

text: an

text: object

text: 's

text: position

text: in

text: a

text: force

text: field

text: gravitational

text: electric

text: or

text: magnetic

text: the

text: elastic

text: energy

text: stored

text: by

text: stretching

text: solid

text: objects

text: the

text: chemical

text: energy

text: released

text: when

text: a

text: fuel

text: burns

text: the

text: radiant

text: energy

text: carried

text: by

text: light

text: and

text: the

text: thermal

text: energy

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: object

text: 's

text: temperature

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: forms

text: of

text: energy

text: are

text: convertible

text: to

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: energy

text: In

text: Newtonian

text: physics

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: universal

text: law

text: of

text: conservation

text: of

text: energy

text: which

text: says

text: that

text: energy

text: can

text: be

text: neither

text: created

text: nor

text: be

text: destroyed

text: however

text: it

text: can

text: change

text: from

text: one

text: form

text: to

text: another

question: Common energy forms include what?

answer: kinetic energy of a moving object

text: kinetic energy of a moving object

question: In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law that says energy can be neither created nor what?

answer: destroyed

text: destroyed

question: What law states, in part, that energy can change from one form to another?

answer: Newtonian physics

text: Newtonian physics


text: Rajasthan attracted 14 percent of total foreign visitors during 2009–2010 which is the fourth highest among Indian states. It is fourth also in Domestic tourist visitors. Tourism is a flourishing industry in Rajasthan. The palaces of Jaipur and Ajmer-Pushkar, the lakes of Udaipur, the desert forts of Jodhpur, Taragarh Fort (Star Fort) in Ajmer, and Bikaner and Jaisalmer rank among the most preferred destinations in India for many tourists both Indian and foreign. Tourism accounts for eight percent of the state's domestic product. Many old and neglected palaces and forts have been converted into heritage hotels. Tourism has increased employment in the hospitality sector.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: Rajasthan

text: attracted

text: percent

text: of

text: total

text: foreign

text: visitors

text: during

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: highest

text: among

text: Indian

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: fourth

text: also

text: in

text: Domestic

text: tourist

text: visitors

text: Tourism

text: is

text: a

text: flourishing

text: industry

text: in

text: Rajasthan

text: The

text: palaces

text: of

text: Jaipur

text: and

text: Ajmer

text: Pushkar

text: the

text: lakes

text: of

text: Udaipur

text: the

text: desert

text: forts

text: of

text: Jodhpur

text: Taragarh

text: Fort

text: Star

text: Fort

text: in

text: Ajmer

text: and

text: Bikaner

text: and

text: Jaisalmer

text: rank

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: preferred

text: destinations

text: in

text: India

text: for

text: many

text: tourists

text: both

text: Indian

text: and

text: foreign

text: Tourism

text: accounts

text: for

text: eight

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: domestic

text: product

text: Many

text: old

text: and

text: neglected

text: palaces

text: and

text: forts

text: have

text: been

text: converted

text: into

text: heritage

text: hotels

text: Tourism

text: has

text: increased

text: employment

text: in

text: the

text: hospitality

text: sector

question: What percentage of India's foreign visitors came to Rajasthan from 2009 to 2010?

answer: 14 percent

text: 14 percent

question: At what level is Rajasthan ranked in India for visits by foreigners?

answer: fourth highest

text: fourth highest

question: How high is Rajasthan ranked among domestic Indian tourists?

answer: fourth

text: fourth

question: What two palaces are frequent tourist destinations within Rajasthan?

answer: The palaces of Jaipur and Ajmer-Pushkar

text: The palaces of Jaipur and Ajmer-Pushkar

question: What percentage of the Rajasthani GDP comes from tourism?

answer: eight percent

text: eight percent


text: The second Digimon series is direct continuation of the first one, and began airing on April 2, 2000. Three years later, with most of the original DigiDestined now in high school at age fourteen, the Digital World was supposedly secure and peaceful. However, a new evil has appeared in the form of the Digimon Emperor (Digimon Kaiser) who as opposed to previous enemies is a human just like the DigiDestined. The Digimon Emperor has been enslaving Digimon with Dark Rings and Control Spires and has somehow made regular Digivolution impossible. However, five set Digi-Eggs with engraved emblems had been appointed to three new DigiDestined along with T.K. and Kari, two of the DigiDestined from the previous series. This new evolutionary process, dubbed Armor Digivolution helps the new DigiDestined to defeat evil lurking in the Digital World. Eventually, the DigiDestined defeat the Digimon Emperor, more commonly known as Ken Ichijouji on Earth, only with the great sacrifice of Ken's own Digimon, Wormmon. Just when things were thought to be settled, new Digimon enemies made from the deactivated Control Spires start to appear and cause trouble in the Digital World. To atone for his past mistakes, Ken joins the DigiDestined, being a DigiDestined himself, with his Partner Wormmon revived to fight against them. They soon save countries including France and Australia from control spires and defeat MaloMyotismon (BelialVamdemon), the digivolved form of Myotismon (Vamdemon) from the previous series. They stop the evil from destroying the two worlds, and at the end, every person on Earth gains their own Digimon partner.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: second

text: Digimon

text: series

text: is

text: direct

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: and

text: began

text: airing

text: on

text: April

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: DigiDestined

text: now

text: in

text: high

text: school

text: at

text: age

text: fourteen

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: was

text: supposedly

text: secure

text: and

text: peaceful

text: However

text: a

text: new

text: evil

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: Digimon

text: Kaiser

text: who

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: previous

text: enemies

text: is

text: a

text: human

text: just

text: like

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: The

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: has

text: been

text: enslaving

text: Digimon

text: with

text: Dark

text: Rings

text: and

text: Control

text: Spires

text: and

text: has

text: somehow

text: made

text: regular

text: Digivolution

text: impossible

text: However

text: five

text: set

text: Digi

text: Eggs

text: with

text: engraved

text: emblems

text: had

text: been

text: appointed

text: to

text: three

text: new

text: DigiDestined

text: along

text: with

text: T.K.

text: and

text: Kari

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: series

text: This

text: new

text: evolutionary

text: process

text: dubbed

text: Armor

text: Digivolution

text: helps

text: the

text: new

text: DigiDestined

text: to

text: defeat

text: evil

text: lurking

text: in

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: Eventually

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: defeat

text: the

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Ken

text: Ichijouji

text: on

text: Earth

text: only

text: with

text: the

text: great

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: Ken

text: 's

text: own

text: Digimon

text: Wormmon

text: Just

text: when

text: things

text: were

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: settled

text: new

text: Digimon

text: enemies

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: deactivated

text: Control

text: Spires

text: start

text: to

text: appear

text: and

text: cause

text: trouble

text: in

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: To

text: atone

text: for

text: his

text: past

text: mistakes

text: Ken

text: joins

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: being

text: a

text: DigiDestined

text: himself

text: with

text: his

text: Partner

text: Wormmon

text: revived

text: to

text: fight

text: against

text: them

text: They

text: soon

text: save

text: countries

text: including

text: France

text: and

text: Australia

text: from

text: control

text: spires

text: and

text: defeat

text: MaloMyotismon

text: BelialVamdemon

text: the

text: digivolved

text: form

text: of

text: Myotismon

text: Vamdemon

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: series

text: They

text: stop

text: the

text: evil

text: from

text: destroying

text: the

text: two

text: worlds

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: every

text: person

text: on

text: Earth

text: gains

text: their

text: own

text: Digimon

text: partner

question: When did the second series of Digimon air?

answer: April 2, 2000

text: April 2, 2000

question: What age are the original DigiDestined now that they are in High School?

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

question: Who is the new evil force that has been enslaving people?

answer: Digimon Kaiser

text: Digimon Kaiser

question: What did Ken do in order to atone for his mistakes?

answer: joins the DigiDestined

text: joins the DigiDestined


text: To the east of the county are upland areas leading to the Pennines. North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB. Much of the lowland in this area is devoted to dairy farming and cheesemaking, whereas the higher ground is more suitable for sheep, and the highest ground is uncultivated moorland. The valleys of the River Ribble and its tributary the Calder form a large gap to the west of the Pennines, overlooked by Pendle Hill. Most of the larger Lancashire towns are in these valleys South of the Ribble are the West Pennine Moors and the Forest of Rossendale where former cotton mill towns are in deep valleys. The Lancashire Coalfield, largely in modern-day Greater Manchester, extended into Merseyside and to Ormskirk, Chorley, Burnley and Colne in Lancashire.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: are

text: upland

text: areas

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Pennines

text: North

text: of

text: the

text: Ribble

text: is

text: Beacon

text: Fell

text: Country

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Forest

text: of

text: Bowland

text: another

text: AONB

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: lowland

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: dairy

text: farming

text: and

text: cheesemaking

text: whereas

text: the

text: higher

text: ground

text: is

text: more

text: suitable

text: for

text: sheep

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: ground

text: is

text: uncultivated

text: moorland

text: The

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Ribble

text: and

text: its

text: tributary

text: the

text: Calder

text: form

text: a

text: large

text: gap

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Pennines

text: overlooked

text: by

text: Pendle

text: Hill

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Lancashire

text: towns

text: are

text: in

text: these

text: valleys

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: Ribble

text: are

text: the

text: West

text: Pennine

text: Moors

text: and

text: the

text: Forest

text: of

text: Rossendale

text: where

text: former

text: cotton

text: mill

text: towns

text: are

text: in

text: deep

text: valleys

text: The

text: Lancashire

text: Coalfield

text: largely

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: extended

text: into

text: Merseyside

text: and

text: to

text: Ormskirk

text: Chorley

text: Burnley

text: and

text: Colne

text: in

text: Lancashire

question: What is most of the lowland in the county devoted to?

answer: dairy farming and cheesemaking

text: dairy farming and cheesemaking

question: What is the higer ground in the county devoted to?

answer: sheep

text: sheep

question: What is in the highest ground?

answer: uncultivated moorland

text: uncultivated moorland

question: Where is the Lancashire Coalfield located?

answer: modern-day Greater Manchester

text: modern-day Greater Manchester

question: where is Beacon Fell County Park located?

answer: North of the Ribble

text: North of the Ribble


text: The actual antenna which is transmitting the original wave then also may receive a strong signal from its own image from the ground. This will induce an additional current in the antenna element, changing the current at the feedpoint for a given feedpoint voltage. Thus the antenna's impedance, given by the ratio of feedpoint voltage to current, is altered due to the antenna's proximity to the ground. This can be quite a significant effect when the antenna is within a wavelength or two of the ground. But as the antenna height is increased, the reduced power of the reflected wave (due to the inverse square law) allows the antenna to approach its asymptotic feedpoint impedance given by theory. At lower heights, the effect on the antenna's impedance is very sensitive to the exact distance from the ground, as this affects the phase of the reflected wave relative to the currents in the antenna. Changing the antenna's height by a quarter wavelength, then changes the phase of the reflection by 180°, with a completely different effect on the antenna's impedance.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: actual

text: antenna

text: which

text: is

text: transmitting

text: the

text: original

text: wave

text: then

text: also

text: may

text: receive

text: a

text: strong

text: signal

text: from

text: its

text: own

text: image

text: from

text: the

text: ground

text: This

text: will

text: induce

text: an

text: additional

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: antenna

text: element

text: changing

text: the

text: current

text: at

text: the

text: feedpoint

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: feedpoint

text: voltage

text: Thus

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: impedance

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: feedpoint

text: voltage

text: to

text: current

text: is

text: altered

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: This

text: can

text: be

text: quite

text: a

text: significant

text: effect

text: when

text: the

text: antenna

text: is

text: within

text: a

text: wavelength

text: or

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: But

text: as

text: the

text: antenna

text: height

text: is

text: increased

text: the

text: reduced

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: reflected

text: wave

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: inverse

text: square

text: law

text: allows

text: the

text: antenna

text: to

text: approach

text: its

text: asymptotic

text: feedpoint

text: impedance

text: given

text: by

text: theory

text: At

text: lower

text: heights

text: the

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: impedance

text: is

text: very

text: sensitive

text: to

text: the

text: exact

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: ground

text: as

text: this

text: affects

text: the

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: reflected

text: wave

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: currents

text: in

text: the

text: antenna

text: Changing

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: height

text: by

text: a

text: quarter

text: wavelength

text: then

text: changes

text: the

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: reflection

text: by

text: with

text: a

text: completely

text: different

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: impedance

question: What can receive a stron signal by transmitting an original wave?

answer: actual antenna

text: actual antenna

question: Where will the additional current be induced?

answer: antenna element

text: antenna element

question: What is altered because of the proximity to the ground?

answer: antenna's impedance

text: antenna's impedance

question: what happens to the reflected wave which allows the antenna to reach its asympotic feedpoint impedance?

answer: reduced power

text: reduced power


text: By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality. Kate Norgate, for example, argued that John's downfall had been due not to his failure in war or strategy, but due to his "almost superhuman wickedness", whilst James Ramsay blamed John's family background and his cruel personality for his downfall. Historians in the "Whiggish" tradition, focusing on documents such as the Domesday Book and Magna Carta, trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England over the medieval period. These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself. Winston Churchill, for example, argued that "[w]hen the long tally is added, it will be seen that the British nation and the English-speaking world owe far more to the vices of John than to the labours of virtuous sovereigns".

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: By

text: the

text: Victorian

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: historians

text: were

text: more

text: inclined

text: to

text: draw

text: on

text: the

text: judgements

text: of

text: the

text: chroniclers

text: and

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: John

text: 's

text: moral

text: personality

text: Kate

text: Norgate

text: for

text: example

text: argued

text: that

text: John

text: 's

text: downfall

text: had

text: been

text: due

text: not

text: to

text: his

text: failure

text: in

text: war

text: or

text: strategy

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: almost

text: superhuman

text: wickedness

text: whilst

text: James

text: Ramsay

text: blamed

text: John

text: 's

text: family

text: background

text: and

text: his

text: cruel

text: personality

text: for

text: his

text: downfall

text: Historians

text: in

text: the

text: Whiggish

text: tradition

text: focusing

text: on

text: documents

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Domesday

text: Book

text: and

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: trace

text: a

text: progressive

text: and

text: universalist

text: course

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: in

text: England

text: over

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: These

text: historians

text: were

text: often

text: inclined

text: to

text: see

text: John

text: 's

text: reign

text: and

text: his

text: signing

text: of

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: in

text: particular

text: as

text: a

text: positive

text: step

text: in

text: the

text: constitutional

text: development

text: of

text: England

text: despite

text: the

text: flaws

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: himself

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: for

text: example

text: argued

text: that

text: w]hen

text: the

text: long

text: tally

text: is

text: added

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: seen

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: nation

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: owe

text: far

text: more

text: to

text: the

text: vices

text: of

text: John

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: labours

text: of

text: virtuous

text: sovereigns

question: Who blamed John's family background for his cruel personality?

answer: James Ramsay

text: James Ramsay

question: What documents trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England?

answer: Domesday Book and Magna Carta

text: Domesday Book and Magna Carta

question: What period in the 19th century were historians more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers?

answer: Victorian

text: Victorian


text: In January 2008, Kaz Hirai, CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment, suggested that the console may start making a profit by early 2009, stating that, "the next fiscal year starts in April and if we can try to achieve that in the next fiscal year that would be a great thing" and that "[profitability] is not a definite commitment, but that is what I would like to try to shoot for". However, market analysts Nikko Citigroup have predicted that PlayStation 3 could be profitable by August 2008. In a July 2008 interview, Hirai stated that his objective is for PlayStation 3 to sell 150 million units by its ninth year, surpassing PlayStation 2's sales of 140 million in its nine years on the market. In January 2009 Sony announced that their gaming division was profitable in Q3 2008.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: In

text: January

text: Kaz

text: Hirai

text: CEO

text: of

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: console

text: may

text: start

text: making

text: a

text: profit

text: by

text: early

text: stating

text: that

text: the

text: next

text: fiscal

text: year

text: starts

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: if

text: we

text: can

text: try

text: to

text: achieve

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: fiscal

text: year

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: great

text: thing

text: and

text: that

text: profitability

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: definite

text: commitment

text: but

text: that

text: is

text: what

text: I

text: would

text: like

text: to

text: try

text: to

text: shoot

text: for

text: However

text: market

text: analysts

text: Nikko

text: Citigroup

text: have

text: predicted

text: that

text: PlayStation

text: could

text: be

text: profitable

text: by

text: August

text: In

text: a

text: July

text: interview

text: Hirai

text: stated

text: that

text: his

text: objective

text: is

text: for

text: PlayStation

text: to

text: sell

text: million

text: units

text: by

text: its

text: ninth

text: year

text: surpassing

text: PlayStation

text: 's

text: sales

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: its

text: nine

text: years

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: In

text: January

text: Sony

text: announced

text: that

text: their

text: gaming

text: division

text: was

text: profitable

text: in

question: Who was Sony's CEO at the start of 2008?

answer: Kaz Hirai

text: Kaz Hirai

question: When did Hirai think the PS3 might start making the company some money?

answer: early 2009

text: early 2009

question: What market analyst firm said Sony could make the PlayStation 3 profitable by August 2008?

answer: Nikko Citigroup

text: Nikko Citigroup

question: How many PS3 did Hirai set a public goal to sell by the time the product was nine?

answer: 150 million

text: 150 million

question: What other Sony gaming console was Hirai setting his sales goal to beat?

answer: PlayStation 2

text: PlayStation 2


text: It has been mentioned that most nonprofits will never be able to match the pay of the private sector and therefore should focus their attention on benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments. Pleasurable work conditions are ranked as being more preferable than a high salary and implacable work. NPOs are encouraged to pay as much as they are able, and offer a low stress work environment that the employee can associate him or herself positively with. Other incentives that should be implemented are generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: mentioned

text: that

text: most

text: nonprofits

text: will

text: never

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: pay

text: of

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: and

text: therefore

text: should

text: focus

text: their

text: attention

text: on

text: benefits

text: packages

text: incentives

text: and

text: implementing

text: pleasurable

text: work

text: environments

text: Pleasurable

text: work

text: conditions

text: are

text: ranked

text: as

text: being

text: more

text: preferable

text: than

text: a

text: high

text: salary

text: and

text: implacable

text: work

text: NPOs

text: are

text: encouraged

text: to

text: pay

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: able

text: and

text: offer

text: a

text: low

text: stress

text: work

text: environment

text: that

text: the

text: employee

text: can

text: associate

text: him

text: or

text: herself

text: positively

text: with

text: Other

text: incentives

text: that

text: should

text: be

text: implemented

text: are

text: generous

text: vacation

text: allowances

text: or

text: flexible

text: work

text: hours

question: Can Npos match the wages of public and private sector employers?

answer: will never be able to match the pay

text: will never be able to match the pay

question: What should NPOs focus on offering employees instead of high wages?

answer: benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments

text: benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments

question: What is better than having high pay at an NPO?

answer: Pleasurable work conditions

text: Pleasurable work conditions

question: How much should an NPO pay employees?

answer: as much as they are able

text: as much as they are able

question: What are other incentives that NPO emplotees can be offered instead of higher wages?

answer: generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours

text: generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours


text: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Old

text: Style

text: OS

text: and

text: New

text: Style

text: NS

text: are

text: sometimes

text: added

text: to

text: dates

text: to

text: identify

text: which

text: system

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: immediately

text: change

text: Because

text: the

text: Calendar

text: Act

text: of

text: altered

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: also

text: aligned

text: the

text: British

text: calendar

text: with

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: confusion

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: these

text: terms

text: mean

text: They

text: can

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Julian

text: year

text: has

text: been

text: adjusted

text: to

text: start

text: on

text: January

text: NS

text: even

text: though

text: contemporary

text: documents

text: use

text: a

text: different

text: start

text: of

text: year

text: OS

text: or

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: a

text: date

text: conforms

text: to

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: OS

text: formerly

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: NS

question: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?

answer: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"

text: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"

question: When was the Calendar act enacted?

answer: 1750

question: With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?

answer: Gregorian calendar

text: Gregorian calendar

question: What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?

answer: confusion

text: confusion

question: What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?

answer: Calendar Act of 1750

text: Calendar Act of 1750


text: On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micrometeorite gauge and a Geiger-Müller tube. It passed in and out of the Earth-encompassing radiation belt with its 194-by-1,368-nautical-mile (360 by 2,534 km) orbit, therefore saturating the tube's capacity and proving what Dr. James Van Allen, a space scientist at the University of Iowa, had theorized. The belt, named the Van Allen radiation belt, is a doughnut-shaped zone of high-level radiation intensity around the Earth above the magnetic equator. Van Allen was also the man who designed and built the satellite instrumentation of Explorer 1. The satellite actually measured three phenomena: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites. The satellite had no memory for data storage, therefore it had to transmit continuously. Two months later in March 1958, a second satellite was sent into orbit with augmented cosmic ray instruments.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: On

text: January

text: nearly

text: four

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: Sputnik

text: von

text: Braun

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: successfully

text: launched

text: its

text: first

text: satellite

text: on

text: a

text: four

text: stage

text: Juno

text: I

text: rocket

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: US

text: Army

text: 's

text: Redstone

text: missile

text: at

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: The

text: satellite

text: Explorer

text: was

text: pounds

text: kg

text: in

text: mass

text: It

text: carried

text: a

text: micrometeorite

text: gauge

text: and

text: a

text: Geiger

text: Müller

text: tube

text: It

text: passed

text: in

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: encompassing

text: radiation

text: belt

text: with

text: its

text: mile

text: by

text: km

text: orbit

text: therefore

text: saturating

text: the

text: tube

text: 's

text: capacity

text: and

text: proving

text: what

text: Dr.

text: James

text: Van

text: Allen

text: a

text: space

text: scientist

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Iowa

text: had

text: theorized

text: The

text: belt

text: named

text: the

text: Van

text: Allen

text: radiation

text: belt

text: is

text: a

text: doughnut

text: shaped

text: zone

text: of

text: high

text: level

text: radiation

text: intensity

text: around

text: the

text: Earth

text: above

text: the

text: magnetic

text: equator

text: Van

text: Allen

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: man

text: who

text: designed

text: and

text: built

text: the

text: satellite

text: instrumentation

text: of

text: Explorer

text: The

text: satellite

text: actually

text: measured

text: three

text: phenomena

text: cosmic

text: ray

text: and

text: radiation

text: levels

text: the

text: temperature

text: in

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: and

text: the

text: frequency

text: of

text: collisions

text: with

text: micrometeorites

text: The

text: satellite

text: had

text: no

text: memory

text: for

text: data

text: storage

text: therefore

text: it

text: had

text: to

text: transmit

text: continuously

text: Two

text: months

text: later

text: in

text: March

text: a

text: second

text: satellite

text: was

text: sent

text: into

text: orbit

text: with

text: augmented

text: cosmic

text: ray

text: instruments

question: The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date?

answer: January 31, 1958

text: January 31, 1958

question: The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?

answer: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites

text: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites


text: In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal directly with the islanders when a ship visited an island. From 1900 the numbers of palagi traders in Tuvalu declined and the last of the palagi traders were Fred Whibley on Niutao, Alfred Restieaux on Nukufetau, and Martin Kleis on Nui. By 1909 there were no more resident palagi traders representing the trading companies, although both Whibley and Restieaux remained in the islands until their deaths.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: and

text: into

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: structural

text: changes

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: trading

text: companies

text: they

text: moved

text: from

text: a

text: practice

text: of

text: having

text: traders

text: resident

text: on

text: each

text: island

text: to

text: instead

text: becoming

text: a

text: business

text: operation

text: where

text: the

text: supercargo

text: the

text: cargo

text: manager

text: of

text: a

text: trading

text: ship

text: would

text: deal

text: directly

text: with

text: the

text: islanders

text: when

text: a

text: ship

text: visited

text: an

text: island

text: From

text: the

text: numbers

text: of

text: palagi

text: traders

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: declined

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: palagi

text: traders

text: were

text: Fred

text: Whibley

text: on

text: Niutao

text: Alfred

text: Restieaux

text: on

text: Nukufetau

text: and

text: Martin

text: Kleis

text: on

text: Nui

text: By

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: more

text: resident

text: palagi

text: traders

text: representing

text: the

text: trading

text: companies

text: although

text: both

text: Whibley

text: and

text: Restieaux

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: islands

text: until

text: their

text: deaths

question: What operational changes caused a decline in the numbers of palagi traders in Tuvalu?

answer: structural changes

text: structural changes

question: What type of traders did the Pacific trading companies cease to use?

answer: resident

text: resident

question: How did the trading companies begin to trade with islanders?

answer: deal directly

text: deal directly

question: By what year were there no more palagi traders on Tuvalu?

answer: 1909

question: What is the term for a ship's cargo manager?

answer: supercargo

text: supercargo


text: Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as "Keepers of Memories". Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtuoso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, Oumou Sangare, and Habib Koité. Dance also plays a large role in Malian culture. Dance parties are common events among friends, and traditional mask dances are performed at ceremonial events.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Malian

text: musical

text: traditions

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: griots

text: who

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Keepers

text: of

text: Memories

text: Malian

text: music

text: is

text: diverse

text: and

text: has

text: several

text: different

text: genres

text: Some

text: famous

text: Malian

text: influences

text: in

text: music

text: are

text: kora

text: virtuoso

text: musician

text: Toumani

text: Diabaté

text: the

text: late

text: roots

text: and

text: blues

text: guitarist

text: Ali

text: Farka

text: Touré

text: the

text: Tuareg

text: band

text: Tinariwen

text: and

text: several

text: Afro

text: pop

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Salif

text: Keita

text: the

text: duo

text: Amadou

text: et

text: Mariam

text: Oumou

text: Sangare

text: and

text: Habib

text: Koité

text: Dance

text: also

text: plays

text: a

text: large

text: role

text: in

text: Malian

text: culture

text: Dance

text: parties

text: are

text: common

text: events

text: among

text: friends

text: and

text: traditional

text: mask

text: dances

text: are

text: performed

text: at

text: ceremonial

text: events

question: What is the translation or meaning of a griot?

answer: Keepers of Memories

text: Keepers of Memories

question: Aside from music what other activity plays a significant role in culture?

answer: Dance

text: Dance

question: What type of garment or accessory is traditionally worn at some of the dances held?

answer: mask

text: mask

question: What is the name of the musician that was a part of the roots and was also a blues guitarist?

answer: Ali Farka Touré

text: Ali Farka Touré

question: What is a well known Afro-pop artist?

answer: Salif Keita

text: Salif Keita


text: The relationship between genes can be measured by comparing the sequence alignment of their DNA.:7.6 The degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes is called conserved sequence. Most changes to a gene's sequence do not affect its function and so genes accumulate mutations over time by neutral molecular evolution. Additionally, any selection on a gene will cause its sequence to diverge at a different rate. Genes under stabilizing selection are constrained and so change more slowly whereas genes under directional selection change sequence more rapidly. The sequence differences between genes can be used for phylogenetic analyses to study how those genes have evolved and how the organisms they come from are related.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: by

text: comparing

text: the

text: sequence

text: alignment

text: of

text: their

text: The

text: degree

text: of

text: sequence

text: similarity

text: between

text: homologous

text: genes

text: is

text: called

text: conserved

text: sequence

text: Most

text: changes

text: to

text: a

text: gene

text: 's

text: sequence

text: do

text: not

text: affect

text: its

text: function

text: and

text: so

text: genes

text: accumulate

text: mutations

text: over

text: time

text: by

text: neutral

text: molecular

text: evolution

text: Additionally

text: any

text: selection

text: on

text: a

text: gene

text: will

text: cause

text: its

text: sequence

text: to

text: diverge

text: at

text: a

text: different

text: rate

text: Genes

text: under

text: stabilizing

text: selection

text: are

text: constrained

text: and

text: so

text: change

text: more

text: slowly

text: whereas

text: genes

text: under

text: directional

text: selection

text: change

text: sequence

text: more

text: rapidly

text: The

text: sequence

text: differences

text: between

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: phylogenetic

text: analyses

text: to

text: study

text: how

text: those

text: genes

text: have

text: evolved

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: organisms

text: they

text: come

text: from

text: are

text: related

question: What does comparing the sequence alignment of genes' DNA measure?

answer: The relationship between genes

text: The relationship between genes

question: What is the degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes called?

answer: conserved sequence

text: conserved sequence

question: How do genes typically accumulate mutations over time?

answer: by neutral molecular evolution

text: by neutral molecular evolution

question: Under what type of selection are genes constrained so they change more slowly?

answer: stabilizing

text: stabilizing

question: What type of analyses can the sequence differences between genes be used for?

answer: phylogenetic

text: phylogenetic


text: In Argentina, the most representative Carnival performed is the so-called Murga, although other famous Carnivals, more like Brazil's, are held in Argentine Mesopotamia and the North-East. Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades. It adopts a musical background similar to Brazilian or Uruguayan Carnival. Corrientes is another city with a Carnival tradition. Chamame is a popular musical style. In all major cities and many towns throughout the country, Carnival is celebrated.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: In

text: Argentina

text: the

text: most

text: representative

text: Carnival

text: performed

text: is

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Murga

text: although

text: other

text: famous

text: Carnivals

text: more

text: like

text: Brazil

text: 's

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: Argentine

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: East

text: Gualeguaychú

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Entre

text: Ríos

text: province

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: Carnival

text: city

text: and

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: parades

text: It

text: adopts

text: a

text: musical

text: background

text: similar

text: to

text: Brazilian

text: or

text: Uruguayan

text: Carnival

text: Corrientes

text: is

text: another

text: city

text: with

text: a

text: Carnival

text: tradition

text: Chamame

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: musical

text: style

text: In

text: all

text: major

text: cities

text: and

text: many

text: towns

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: Carnival

text: is

text: celebrated

question: Which Carnival in Argentina is the most representative of the nature of the Carnival?

answer: Murga

text: Murga

question: What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival?

answer: Gualeguaychú

text: Gualeguaychú

question: What kind of tradition does the city of Corrientes have?

answer: Carnival

text: Carnival

question: What is Chamame?

answer: popular musical style.

text: popular musical style.

question: Where is Carnival celebrated?

answer: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country

text: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country


text: In 1998, after the return of Steve Jobs, Apple consolidated its multiple consumer-level desktop models into the all-in-one iMac G3, which became a commercial success and revitalized the brand. Since their transition to Intel processors in 2006, the complete lineup is entirely based on said processors and associated systems. Its current lineup comprises three desktops (the all-in-one iMac, entry-level Mac mini, and the Mac Pro tower graphics workstation), and four laptops (the MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, and MacBook Pro with Retina display). Its Xserve server was discontinued in 2011 in favor of the Mac Mini and Mac Pro.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: Apple

text: consolidated

text: its

text: multiple

text: consumer

text: level

text: desktop

text: models

text: into

text: the

text: all

text: in

text: one

text: iMac

text: which

text: became

text: a

text: commercial

text: success

text: and

text: revitalized

text: the

text: brand

text: Since

text: their

text: transition

text: to

text: Intel

text: processors

text: in

text: the

text: complete

text: lineup

text: is

text: entirely

text: based

text: on

text: said

text: processors

text: and

text: associated

text: systems

text: Its

text: current

text: lineup

text: comprises

text: three

text: desktops

text: the

text: all

text: in

text: one

text: iMac

text: entry

text: level

text: Mac

text: mini

text: and

text: the

text: Mac

text: Pro

text: tower

text: graphics

text: workstation

text: and

text: four

text: laptops

text: the

text: MacBook

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: and

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: with

text: Retina

text: display

text: Its

text: Xserve

text: server

text: was

text: discontinued

text: in

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: and

text: Mac

text: Pro

question: What did Apple consolidate in 1998?

answer: its multiple consumer-level desktop models

text: its multiple consumer-level desktop models

question: What all-in-one product was created in 1998 through Apple's consolidations?

answer: iMac G3

text: iMac G3

question: What did the iMac G3 do to the Mac reputation?

answer: revitalized the brand

text: revitalized the brand

question: When was Mac's Xserve server discontinued?

answer: 2011

question: What took the place of Mac's Xserve server?

answer: Mac Mini and Mac Pro

text: Mac Mini and Mac Pro


text: Many pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through oral history and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemporary with this period, and are also known from historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec, and Nahua peoples, had their own written records. However, the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs, and Christian pyres destroyed many pre-Columbian written records. Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Many

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: civilizations

text: established

text: characteristics

text: and

text: hallmarks

text: which

text: included

text: permanent

text: or

text: urban

text: settlements

text: agriculture

text: civic

text: and

text: monumental

text: architecture

text: and

text: complex

text: societal

text: hierarchies

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: civilizations

text: had

text: long

text: faded

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: significant

text: European

text: and

text: African

text: arrivals

text: ca

text: late

text: early

text: centuries

text: and

text: are

text: known

text: only

text: through

text: oral

text: history

text: and

text: through

text: archaeological

text: investigations

text: Others

text: were

text: contemporary

text: with

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: from

text: historical

text: accounts

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: A

text: few

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Mayan

text: Olmec

text: Mixtec

text: and

text: Nahua

text: peoples

text: had

text: their

text: own

text: written

text: records

text: However

text: the

text: European

text: colonists

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: worked

text: to

text: eliminate

text: non

text: Christian

text: beliefs

text: and

text: Christian

text: pyres

text: destroyed

text: many

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: written

text: records

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: documents

text: remained

text: hidden

text: and

text: survived

text: leaving

text: contemporary

text: historians

text: with

text: glimpses

text: of

text: ancient

text: culture

text: and

text: knowledge

question: Urban settlements and complex societal hierarchies are just some of the hallmarks established by which civilizations?

answer: pre-Columbian

text: pre-Columbian

question: What had long faded prior to the first European and African arrivals?

answer: Some of these civilizations

text: Some of these civilizations

question: How do we know about some of the civilizations that were gone by the time of European arrival?

answer: oral history and through archaeological investigations

text: oral history and through archaeological investigations

question: What did European colonists destroy on their pyres?

answer: written records

text: written records

question: What gave today's historians a glimpse of the culture and knowledge of the indigenous civilizations?

answer: a few documents

text: a few documents


text: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Father

text: Joseph

text: Carrier

text: C.S.C.

text: was

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Science

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Library

text: and

text: Professor

text: of

text: Chemistry

text: and

text: Physics

text: until

text: Carrier

text: taught

text: that

text: scientific

text: research

text: and

text: its

text: promise

text: for

text: progress

text: were

text: not

text: antagonistic

text: to

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: intellectual

text: and

text: moral

text: culture

text: endorsed

text: by

text: the

text: Church

text: One

text: of

text: Carrier

text: 's

text: students

text: was

text: Father

text: John

text: Augustine

text: Zahm

text: who

text: was

text: made

text: Professor

text: and

text: Co

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Science

text: Department

text: at

text: age

text: and

text: by

text: was

text: a

text: nationally

text: prominent

text: scientist

text: and

text: naturalist

text: Zahm

text: was

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Summer

text: School

text: movement

text: which

text: introduced

text: Catholic

text: laity

text: to

text: contemporary

text: intellectual

text: issues

text: His

text: book

text: Evolution

text: and

text: Dogma

text: defended

text: certain

text: aspects

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: theory

text: as

text: true

text: and

text: argued

text: moreover

text: that

text: even

text: the

text: great

text: Church

text: teachers

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: and

text: Augustine

text: taught

text: something

text: like

text: it

text: The

text: intervention

text: of

text: Irish

text: American

text: Catholics

text: in

text: Rome

text: prevented

text: Zahm

text: 's

text: censure

text: by

text: the

text: Vatican

text: In

text: Zahm

text: and

text: former

text: President

text: Theodore

text: Roosevelt

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: major

text: expedition

text: through

text: the

text: Amazon

question: What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?

answer: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C.

text: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C.

question: What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm?

answer: 1851–1921

question: What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame?

answer: the Science Department

text: the Science Department

question: What book did John Zahm write in 1896?

answer: Evolution and Dogma

text: Evolution and Dogma

question: What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame?

answer: Professor of Chemistry and Physics

text: Professor of Chemistry and Physics