text: Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb. Von Neumann oversaw computations related to the expected size of the bomb blasts, estimated death tolls, and the distance above the ground at which the bombs should be detonated for optimum shock wave propagation and thus maximum effect. The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves. However, this target was dismissed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Along

text: with

text: four

text: other

text: scientists

text: and

text: various

text: military

text: personnel

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: target

text: selection

text: committee

text: responsible

text: for

text: choosing

text: the

text: Japanese

text: cities

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: targets

text: of

text: the

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: oversaw

text: computations

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: expected

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: blasts

text: estimated

text: death

text: tolls

text: and

text: the

text: distance

text: above

text: the

text: ground

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: bombs

text: should

text: be

text: detonated

text: for

text: optimum

text: shock

text: wave

text: propagation

text: and

text: thus

text: maximum

text: effect

text: The

text: cultural

text: capital

text: Kyoto

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: spared

text: the

text: bombing

text: inflicted

text: upon

text: militarily

text: significant

text: cities

text: was

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: first

text: choice

text: a

text: selection

text: seconded

text: by

text: Manhattan

text: Project

text: leader

text: General

text: Leslie

text: Groves

text: However

text: this

text: target

text: was

text: dismissed

text: by

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: Henry

text: L.

text: Stimson

question: What other people worked with von Neumann on target selection?

answer: four other scientists and various military personnel

text: four other scientists and various military personnel

question: What role did von Neuman play in the selection of targets?

answer: oversaw computations

text: oversaw computations

question: What was von Neumann's first choice for target city?

answer: Kyoto

text: Kyoto

question: Who dismissed von Neuamann's primary target city?

answer: Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.

text: Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.


text: Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Some

text: countries

text: are

text: eliminating

text: or

text: reducing

text: climate

text: disrupting

text: subsidies

text: and

text: Belgium

text: France

text: and

text: Japan

text: have

text: phased

text: out

text: all

text: subsidies

text: for

text: coal

text: Germany

text: is

text: reducing

text: its

text: coal

text: subsidy

text: The

text: subsidy

text: dropped

text: from

text: billion

text: in

text: to

text: billion

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: Germany

text: lowered

text: its

text: coal

text: use

text: by

text: percent

text: China

text: cut

text: its

text: coal

text: subsidy

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: has

text: imposed

text: a

text: high

text: sulfur

text: coal

text: tax

text: However

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: been

text: increasing

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: fossil

text: fuel

text: and

text: nuclear

text: industries

question: What country is reducing its coal subsidy?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?

answer: coal

text: coal


text: The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a minority of legislators to both chambers of the Libandla (parliament) with help from an advisory council. The king is allowed by the constitution to appoint some members to parliament for special interests. These special interests are citizens who might have been left out by the electorate during the course of elections or did not enter as candidates. This is done to balance views in parliament. Special interests could be people of gender, race, disability, the business community, civic society, scholars, chiefs and so on.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: king

text: appoints

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: from

text: the

text: legislature

text: and

text: also

text: appoints

text: a

text: minority

text: of

text: legislators

text: to

text: both

text: chambers

text: of

text: the

text: Libandla

text: parliament

text: with

text: help

text: from

text: an

text: advisory

text: council

text: The

text: king

text: is

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: constitution

text: to

text: appoint

text: some

text: members

text: to

text: parliament

text: for

text: special

text: interests

text: These

text: special

text: interests

text: are

text: citizens

text: who

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: left

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: electorate

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: elections

text: or

text: did

text: not

text: enter

text: as

text: candidates

text: This

text: is

text: done

text: to

text: balance

text: views

text: in

text: parliament

text: Special

text: interests

text: could

text: be

text: people

text: of

text: gender

text: race

text: disability

text: the

text: business

text: community

text: civic

text: society

text: scholars

text: chiefs

text: and

text: so

text: on

question: Who appoints the prime minister of Swaziland?

answer: The king

text: The king

question: What is the parliament of Swaziland known as?

answer: the Libandla

text: the Libandla

question: What part of the Swaziland parliament is appointed by the King?

answer: a minority

text: a minority

question: Why is the king allowed to appoint members of parliament?

answer: to balance views in parliament

text: to balance views in parliament


text: The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North. The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programmes have also been imported mainly from English-speaking countries: notable—though no longer shown—examples include The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia. Because of the availability of programmes in English, few programmes need use sub-titles or dubbing unlike much European television.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: is

text: also

text: renowned

text: for

text: its

text: production

text: of

text: costume

text: dramas

text: such

text: as

text: Jane

text: Austen

text: 's

text: Pride

text: and

text: Prejudice

text: and

text: contemporary

text: social

text: dramas

text: such

text: as

text: Boys

text: from

text: the

text: Blackstuff

text: and

text: Our

text: Friends

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: The

text: BBC

text: has

text: come

text: under

text: pressure

text: to

text: commission

text: more

text: programmes

text: from

text: independent

text: British

text: production

text: companies

text: and

text: indeed

text: is

text: legally

text: required

text: to

text: source

text: of

text: its

text: output

text: from

text: such

text: companies

text: by

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Broadcasting

text: Act

text: Programmes

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: imported

text: mainly

text: from

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: notable

text: though

text: no

text: longer

text: shown

text: examples

text: include

text: The

text: Simpsons

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Neighbours

text: from

text: Australia

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: programmes

text: in

text: English

text: few

text: programmes

text: need

text: use

text: sub

text: titles

text: or

text: dubbing

text: unlike

text: much

text: European

text: television

question: How much of its programming must the BBC obtain from other content producers?

answer: 25%

question: What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC?

answer: The Simpsons

text: The Simpsons

question: What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC?

answer: Neighbours

text: Neighbours


text: In many situations it is desirable to consider two group elements the same if they differ by an element of a given subgroup. For example, in D4 above, once a reflection is performed, the square never gets back to the r2 configuration by just applying the rotation operations (and no further reflections), i.e. the rotation operations are irrelevant to the question whether a reflection has been performed. Cosets are used to formalize this insight: a subgroup H defines left and right cosets, which can be thought of as translations of H by arbitrary group elements g. In symbolic terms, the left and right cosets of H containing g are

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: In

text: many

text: situations

text: it

text: is

text: desirable

text: to

text: consider

text: two

text: group

text: elements

text: the

text: same

text: if

text: they

text: differ

text: by

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: a

text: given

text: subgroup

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: above

text: once

text: a

text: reflection

text: is

text: performed

text: the

text: square

text: never

text: gets

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: configuration

text: by

text: just

text: applying

text: the

text: rotation

text: operations

text: and

text: no

text: further

text: reflections

text: i.e.

text: the

text: rotation

text: operations

text: are

text: irrelevant

text: to

text: the

text: question

text: whether

text: a

text: reflection

text: has

text: been

text: performed

text: Cosets

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: formalize

text: this

text: insight

text: a

text: subgroup

text: H

text: defines

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: cosets

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: translations

text: of

text: H

text: by

text: arbitrary

text: group

text: elements

text: g.

text: In

text: symbolic

text: terms

text: the

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: cosets

text: of

text: H

text: containing

text: g

text: are

question: When is it preferable to consider two group elements to be the same?

answer: irrelevant to the question whether a reflection has been performed

text: irrelevant to the question whether a reflection has been performed

question: What should not be considered when asking if a reflection has been performed?

answer: rotation operations

text: rotation operations

question: What number sets are used to show how subgroups can be seen as translations of the larger group?

answer: Cosets

text: Cosets


text: Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of these devices during an air raid is suspected to have caused the Bethnal Green disaster in 1943. Facing the threat of Japanese Kamikaze attacks the British and US developed surface-to-air rockets like British Stooge or the American Lark as counter measures, but none of them were ready at the end of the war. The Germans missile research was the most advanced of the war as the Germans put considerable effort in the research and development of rocket systems for all purposes. Among them were several guided and unguided systems. Unguided systems involved the Fliegerfaust (literally "aircraft fist") as the first MANPADS. Guided systems were several sophisticated radio, wire, or radar guided missiles like the Wasserfall ("waterfall") rocket. Due to the severe war situation for Germany all of those systems were only produced in small numbers and most of them were only used by training or trial units.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Some

text: nations

text: started

text: rocket

text: research

text: before

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: including

text: for

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: use

text: Further

text: research

text: started

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: first

text: step

text: was

text: unguided

text: missile

text: systems

text: like

text: the

text: British

text: RP

text: and

text: which

text: was

text: fired

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: from

text: Z

text: batteries

text: and

text: were

text: also

text: fitted

text: to

text: warships

text: The

text: firing

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: devices

text: during

text: an

text: air

text: raid

text: is

text: suspected

text: to

text: have

text: caused

text: the

text: Bethnal

text: Green

text: disaster

text: in

text: Facing

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: Japanese

text: Kamikaze

text: attacks

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: US

text: developed

text: surface

text: to

text: air

text: rockets

text: like

text: British

text: Stooge

text: or

text: the

text: American

text: Lark

text: as

text: counter

text: measures

text: but

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: ready

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: Germans

text: missile

text: research

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: advanced

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: as

text: the

text: Germans

text: put

text: considerable

text: effort

text: in

text: the

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: rocket

text: systems

text: for

text: all

text: purposes

text: Among

text: them

text: were

text: several

text: guided

text: and

text: unguided

text: systems

text: Unguided

text: systems

text: involved

text: the

text: Fliegerfaust

text: literally

text: aircraft

text: fist

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: MANPADS

text: Guided

text: systems

text: were

text: several

text: sophisticated

text: radio

text: wire

text: or

text: radar

text: guided

text: missiles

text: like

text: the

text: Wasserfall

text: waterfall

text: rocket

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: severe

text: war

text: situation

text: for

text: Germany

text: all

text: of

text: those

text: systems

text: were

text: only

text: produced

text: in

text: small

text: numbers

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: only

text: used

text: by

text: training

text: or

text: trial

text: units

question: Rocket research began prior to which war in some countries?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What unguided missile systems was fitted to warships?

answer: the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch

text: the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch

question: When did the Bethnal Green disaster occur?

answer: 1943

question: What was the US military's counterpart to the British Stooge to counter the attacks by Kamikazes?

answer: American Lark

text: American Lark

question: Which country's research was ahead of all other countries for missiles?

answer: Germans missile research

text: Germans missile research


text: The Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands) operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands. There are two tertiary institutions operating in the Marshall Islands, the College of the Marshall Islands and the University of the South Pacific.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: operates

text: the

text: state

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: tertiary

text: institutions

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

question: What body operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands?

answer: Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)

text: Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)

question: Along with the University of the South Pacific, what tertiary education institution exists in the Marshall Islands?

answer: College of the Marshall Islands

text: College of the Marshall Islands


text: In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills of the same title had originated from the house. The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed. The same procedure was followed to correct a similar error which arose in 2001.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: In

text: Australia

text: a

text: technical

text: issue

text: arose

text: with

text: the

text: royal

text: assent

text: in

text: both

text: and

text: In

text: a

text: bill

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: was

text: mistakenly

text: submitted

text: to

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: and

text: assented

text: to

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: later

text: discovered

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: passed

text: by

text: each

text: house

text: The

text: error

text: arose

text: because

text: two

text: bills

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: title

text: had

text: originated

text: from

text: the

text: house

text: The

text: Governor

text: General

text: revoked

text: the

text: first

text: assent

text: before

text: assenting

text: to

text: the

text: bill

text: which

text: had

text: actually

text: passed

text: The

text: same

text: procedure

text: was

text: followed

text: to

text: correct

text: a

text: similar

text: error

text: which

text: arose

text: in

question: The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976?

answer: Governor-General

text: Governor-General

question: Why did this occur?

answer: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

text: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

question: What did the Governor-General do with the first assent?

answer: revoked the first assent

text: revoked the first assent

question: This same procedure was more recently done to fix a similar error in which year?

answer: 2001

question: What was the reason a bill was accidentally assented in 1976?

answer: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

text: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

question: After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia?

answer: 2001

question: What protocol was not followed in 1976 when a bill was mistakenly assented?

answer: it had not been passed by each house

text: it had not been passed by each house

question: How was the case of two bills mistakenly assented corrected both in 1796 and 2001?

answer: The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed

text: The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed


text: Biomass for heat and power is a fully mature technology which offers a ready disposal mechanism for municipal, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing countries. One of the problems of biomass is that material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants, leading to severe health and environmental consequences, although improved cook stove programmes are alleviating some of these effects. First-generation biomass technologies can be economically competitive, but may still require deployment support to overcome public acceptance and small-scale issues.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Biomass

text: for

text: heat

text: and

text: power

text: is

text: a

text: fully

text: mature

text: technology

text: which

text: offers

text: a

text: ready

text: disposal

text: mechanism

text: for

text: municipal

text: agricultural

text: and

text: industrial

text: organic

text: wastes

text: However

text: the

text: industry

text: has

text: remained

text: relatively

text: stagnant

text: over

text: the

text: decade

text: to

text: even

text: though

text: demand

text: for

text: biomass

text: mostly

text: wood

text: continues

text: to

text: grow

text: in

text: many

text: developing

text: countries

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: problems

text: of

text: biomass

text: is

text: that

text: material

text: directly

text: combusted

text: in

text: cook

text: stoves

text: produces

text: pollutants

text: leading

text: to

text: severe

text: health

text: and

text: environmental

text: consequences

text: although

text: improved

text: cook

text: stove

text: programmes

text: are

text: alleviating

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: effects

text: First

text: generation

text: biomass

text: technologies

text: can

text: be

text: economically

text: competitive

text: but

text: may

text: still

text: require

text: deployment

text: support

text: to

text: overcome

text: public

text: acceptance

text: and

text: small

text: scale

text: issues

question: What is one problem with biomass?

answer: material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants

text: material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants

question: What can be economically competetive but may still require deployment support?

answer: First-generation biomass technologies

text: First-generation biomass technologies

question: What is a fully maturing technology which offer a ready disposal mechanismm?

answer: Biomass for heat and power

text: Biomass for heat and power


text: "Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Hellenistic

text: is

text: a

text: modern

text: word

text: and

text: a

text: century

text: concept

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: Although

text: words

text: related

text: in

text: form

text: or

text: meaning

text: e.g.

text: Hellenist

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: Ἑλληνιστής

text: Hellēnistēs

text: have

text: been

text: attested

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: it

text: was

text: J.

text: G.

text: Droysen

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: who

text: in

text: his

text: classic

text: work

text: Geschichte

text: des

text: Hellenismus

text: i.e.

text: History

text: of

text: Hellenism

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: Hellenistic

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: and

text: define

text: the

text: period

text: when

text: Greek

text: culture

text: spread

text: in

text: the

text: non

text: Greek

text: world

text: after

text: Alexander

text: ’s

text: conquest

text: Following

text: Droysen

text: Hellenistic

text: and

text: related

text: terms

text: e.g.

text: Hellenism

text: have

text: been

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: various

text: contexts

text: a

text: notable

text: such

text: use

text: is

text: in

text: Culture

text: and

text: Anarchy

text: by

text: Matthew

text: Arnold

text: where

text: Hellenism

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: contrast

text: with

text: Hebraism

question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?

answer: J. G. Droysen

text: J. G. Droysen

question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?

answer: History of Hellenism

text: History of Hellenism

question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?

answer: Matthew Arnold

text: Matthew Arnold

question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?

answer: 19th

question: In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?

answer: Hellenism

text: Hellenism

question: The word "Hellenistic" was derived in what time period?

answer: 19th-century

question: Who coined the term "Hellenistic?"

answer: J. G. Droysen

text: J. G. Droysen

question: What was Droysen's work called that explained the era?

answer: Geschichte des Hellenismus

text: Geschichte des Hellenismus

question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?

answer: Matthew Arnold

text: Matthew Arnold

question: Hellenism contrasts with what other similar concept of era?

answer: Hebraism

text: Hebraism


text: In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale as one location – the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara – for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative. As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an undergraduate seminar, "Debating Globalization". As of 2009, former presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college seminar, "Understanding Politics and Politicians." Also in 2009, an alliance was formed among Yale, University College London, and both schools’ affiliated hospital complexes to conduct research focused on the direct improvement of patient care—a growing field known as translational medicine. President Richard Levin noted that Yale has hundreds of other partnerships across the world, but "no existing collaboration matches the scale of the new partnership with UCL".

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: In

text: former

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: picked

text: Yale

text: as

text: one

text: location

text: the

text: others

text: are

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Durham

text: University

text: and

text: Universiti

text: Teknologi

text: Mara

text: for

text: the

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: Faith

text: Foundation

text: 's

text: United

text: States

text: Faith

text: and

text: Globalization

text: Initiative

text: As

text: of

text: former

text: Mexican

text: President

text: Ernesto

text: Zedillo

text: is

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Yale

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Study

text: of

text: Globalization

text: and

text: teaches

text: an

text: undergraduate

text: seminar

text: Debating

text: Globalization

text: As

text: of

text: former

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: and

text: DNC

text: chair

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: teaches

text: a

text: residential

text: college

text: seminar

text: Understanding

text: Politics

text: and

text: Politicians

text: Also

text: in

text: an

text: alliance

text: was

text: formed

text: among

text: Yale

text: University

text: College

text: London

text: and

text: both

text: schools’

text: affiliated

text: hospital

text: complexes

text: to

text: conduct

text: research

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: direct

text: improvement

text: of

text: patient

text: care

text: a

text: growing

text: field

text: known

text: as

text: translational

text: medicine

text: President

text: Richard

text: Levin

text: noted

text: that

text: Yale

text: has

text: hundreds

text: of

text: other

text: partnerships

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: but

text: no

text: existing

text: collaboration

text: matches

text: the

text: scale

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: partnership

text: with

text: UCL

question: Besides Yale, what other two locations were chosen by Tony Blair for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative?

answer: Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara

text: Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara

question: As of 2009, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization?

answer: former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo

text: former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo

question: What former presidential candidate teaches a seminar at Yale?

answer: Howard Dean

text: Howard Dean

question: What is the name of Howard Dean's class at Yale?

answer: Understanding Politics and Politicians

text: Understanding Politics and Politicians

question: What college did Yale's medical facility team up with?

answer: University College London

text: University College London


text: A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: A

text: famous

text: example

text: of

text: Spielberg

text: working

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: professionals

text: is

text: his

text: long

text: time

text: collaboration

text: with

text: John

text: Williams

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: his

text: musical

text: scores

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: since

text: The

text: Sugarland

text: Express

text: except

text: Bridge

text: of

text: Spies

text: The

text: Color

text: Purple

text: and

text: Twilight

text: Zone

text: The

text: Movie

text: One

text: of

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: trademarks

text: is

text: his

text: use

text: of

text: music

text: by

text: Williams

text: to

text: add

text: to

text: the

text: visual

text: impact

text: of

text: his

text: scenes

text: and

text: to

text: try

text: and

text: create

text: a

text: lasting

text: picture

text: and

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: in

text: the

text: memories

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: audience

text: These

text: visual

text: scenes

text: often

text: uses

text: images

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: e.g.

text: Empire

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: Saving

text: Private

text: Ryan

text: the

text: final

text: scene

text: of

text: Jurassic

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: credits

text: of

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Last

text: Crusade

text: where

text: they

text: ride

text: into

text: the

text: sunset

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: feature

text: a

text: Williams

text: score

text: at

text: that

text: end

text: scene

text: Spielberg

text: is

text: a

text: contemporary

text: of

text: filmmakers

text: George

text: Lucas

text: Francis

text: Ford

text: Coppola

text: Martin

text: Scorsese

text: John

text: Milius

text: and

text: Brian

text: De

text: Palma

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Movie

text: Brats

text: Aside

text: from

text: his

text: principal

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: director

text: Spielberg

text: has

text: acted

text: as

text: a

text: producer

text: for

text: a

text: considerable

text: number

text: of

text: films

text: including

text: early

text: hits

text: for

text: Joe

text: Dante

text: and

text: Robert

text: Zemeckis

text: Spielberg

text: has

text: often

text: never

text: worked

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: screenwriter

text: in

text: his

text: films

text: beside

text: Tony

text: Kushner

text: and

text: David

text: Koepp

text: who

text: have

text: written

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: more

text: than

text: once

question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?

answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie

text: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie

question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?

answer: they ride into the sunset

text: they ride into the sunset

question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?

answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma

text: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma

question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?

answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp

text: Tony Kushner and David Koepp


text: Antennas are characterized by a number of performance measures which a user would be concerned with in selecting or designing an antenna for a particular application. Chief among these relate to the directional characteristics (as depicted in the antenna's radiation pattern) and the resulting gain. Even in omnidirectional (or weakly directional) antennas, the gain can often be increased by concentrating more of its power in the horizontal directions, sacrificing power radiated toward the sky and ground. The antenna's power gain (or simply "gain") also takes into account the antenna's efficiency, and is often the primary figure of merit.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Antennas

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: performance

text: measures

text: which

text: a

text: user

text: would

text: be

text: concerned

text: with

text: in

text: selecting

text: or

text: designing

text: an

text: antenna

text: for

text: a

text: particular

text: application

text: Chief

text: among

text: these

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: directional

text: characteristics

text: as

text: depicted

text: in

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: gain

text: Even

text: in

text: omnidirectional

text: or

text: weakly

text: directional

text: antennas

text: the

text: gain

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: increased

text: by

text: concentrating

text: more

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: horizontal

text: directions

text: sacrificing

text: power

text: radiated

text: toward

text: the

text: sky

text: and

text: ground

text: The

text: antenna

text: 's

text: power

text: gain

text: or

text: simply

text: gain

text: also

text: takes

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: efficiency

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: the

text: primary

text: figure

text: of

text: merit

question: How could one deide what type of antenna is nedded for a project?

answer: performance measures

text: performance measures

question: What would most likely be the main concern in making this decision?

answer: directional characteristics

text: directional characteristics

question: How would you distribute power to allow for a greater gain?

answer: horizontal directions

text: horizontal directions

question: What is often the most imprtant crediting factor of antennas?

answer: efficiency

text: efficiency


text: Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, (16 bit/sample × 44100 samples/second × 2 channels / 1000 bits/kilobit), so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of approximately 11:1, 9:1 and 7:1 respectively.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Uncompressed

text: audio

text: as

text: stored

text: on

text: an

text: audio

text: CD

text: has

text: a

text: bit

text: rate

text: of

text: kbit

text: s

text: bit

text: sample

text: samples

text: second

text: channels

text: bits

text: kilobit

text: so

text: the

text: bitrates

text: and

text: kbit

text: s

text: represent

text: compression

text: ratios

text: of

text: approximately

text: and

text: respectively

question: What is stored on an audio-CD that has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s?

answer: Uncompressed audio

text: Uncompressed audio

question: What does a bit rate of 128 represent in terms of compression ratio?

answer: 11:1

question: What would a bit rate of 160 correspond to in terms of compression ratio?

answer: 9:1

question: What would a bit rate of 192 kbit/s have for a compression ratio?

answer: 7:1


text: Professional wrestling (colloquially abbreviated to pro wrestling or wrestling) is an athletic form of entertainment based on a portrayal of a combat sport. Taking the form of live events held by touring promotions, it portrays a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling, catch wrestling and various forms of martial arts, as well as an innovative style based on grappling (holds/throws), striking, and aerialism. Various forms of weaponry are sometimes used.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: colloquially

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: or

text: wrestling

text: is

text: an

text: athletic

text: form

text: of

text: entertainment

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: portrayal

text: of

text: a

text: combat

text: sport

text: Taking

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: live

text: events

text: held

text: by

text: touring

text: promotions

text: it

text: portrays

text: a

text: unique

text: style

text: of

text: combat

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: adopted

text: styles

text: which

text: include

text: classical

text: wrestling

text: catch

text: wrestling

text: and

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: martial

text: arts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: innovative

text: style

text: based

text: on

text: grappling

text: holds

text: throws

text: striking

text: and

text: aerialism

text: Various

text: forms

text: of

text: weaponry

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

question: What is professional wrestling abbreviated as?

answer: pro wrestling

text: pro wrestling

question: What are a couple of styles of combat based on?

answer: classical wrestling, catch wrestling

text: classical wrestling, catch wrestling

question: Who are live events held by?

answer: touring promotions

text: touring promotions

question: What is professional wrestling?

answer: an athletic form of entertainment based on a portrayal of a combat sport

text: an athletic form of entertainment based on a portrayal of a combat sport

question: What kind of style does wrestling show?

answer: it portrays a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling

text: it portrays a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling


text: Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Capital

text: punishment

text: was

text: suspended

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: through

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: Furman

text: v.

text: Georgia

text: The

text: last

text: pre

text: Furman

text: execution

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Luis

text: Monge

text: on

text: June

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: the

text: court

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: was

text: being

text: imposed

text: in

text: an

text: unconstitutional

text: manner

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: cruel

text: and

text: unusual

text: punishment

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Eighth

text: Amendment

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: never

text: ruled

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: to

text: be

text: per

text: se

text: unconstitutional

question: In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?

answer: 1972

question: What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended?

answer: Furman v. Georgia

text: Furman v. Georgia

question: Who was executed on June 2, 1967?

answer: Luis Monge

text: Luis Monge

question: What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment?

answer: Eighth

text: Eighth

question: In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in the United States ended?

answer: 1976


text: In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: In

text: Thomas

text: Watson

text: Sr

text: stepped

text: down

text: after

text: almost

text: years

text: at

text: the

text: company

text: helm

text: his

text: son

text: Thomas

text: Watson

text: Jr.

text: was

text: named

text: president

text: In

text: the

text: company

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: first

text: practical

text: example

text: of

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: when

text: Arthur

text: L.

text: Samuel

text: of

text: IBM

text: 's

text: Poughkeepsie

text: New

text: York

text: laboratory

text: programmed

text: an

text: IBM

text: not

text: merely

text: to

text: play

text: checkers

text: but

text: learn

text: from

text: its

text: own

text: experience

text: In

text: the

text: FORTRAN

text: FORmula

text: TRANslation

text: scientific

text: programming

text: language

text: was

text: developed

text: In

text: Thomas

text: J.

text: Watson

text: Jr.

text: was

text: elected

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: and

text: Albert

text: L.

text: Williams

text: became

text: company

text: president

text: The

text: same

text: year

text: IBM

text: developed

text: the

text: SABRE

text: Semi

text: Automatic

text: Business

text: Related

text: Environment

text: reservation

text: system

text: for

text: American

text: Airlines

text: and

text: introduced

text: the

text: highly

text: successful

text: Selectric

text: typewriter

question: Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year?

answer: 1952

question: In 1956 the company demonstrated the first example of what?

answer: artificial intelligence

text: artificial intelligence

question: What computer did Arthur L. Samuel program to play checkers in 1957?

answer: an IBM 704

text: an IBM 704

question: In 1957 the FORTRAN language was created, what is FORTRAN short for?

answer: FORmula TRANslation

text: FORmula TRANslation

question: In 1961 who became the president of IBM?

answer: Albert L. Williams

text: Albert L. Williams


text: The ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initially, to consider as deriving from divine revelation and thus adaptable to a life of Christian virtue. The line from a drama of Terence, Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto (or with nil for nihil), meaning "I am a human being, I think nothing human alien to me", known since antiquity through the endorsement of Saint Augustine, gained renewed currency as epitomising the humanist attitude. The statement, in a play modeled or borrowed from a (now lost) Greek comedy by Menander, may have originated in a lighthearted vein – as a comic rationale for an old man's meddling – but it quickly became a proverb and throughout the ages was quoted with a deeper meaning, by Cicero and Saint Augustine, to name a few, and most notably by Seneca. Richard Bauman writes:

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: The

text: ad

text: fontes

text: principle

text: also

text: had

text: many

text: applications

text: The

text: re

text: discovery

text: of

text: ancient

text: manuscripts

text: brought

text: a

text: more

text: profound

text: and

text: accurate

text: knowledge

text: of

text: ancient

text: philosophical

text: schools

text: such

text: as

text: Epicureanism

text: and

text: Neoplatonism

text: whose

text: Pagan

text: wisdom

text: the

text: humanists

text: like

text: the

text: Church

text: fathers

text: of

text: old

text: tended

text: at

text: least

text: initially

text: to

text: consider

text: as

text: deriving

text: from

text: divine

text: revelation

text: and

text: thus

text: adaptable

text: to

text: a

text: life

text: of

text: Christian

text: virtue

text: The

text: line

text: from

text: a

text: drama

text: of

text: Terence

text: Homo

text: sum

text: humani

text: nihil

text: a

text: me

text: alienum

text: puto

text: or

text: with

text: for

text: nihil

text: meaning

text: I

text: am

text: a

text: human

text: being

text: I

text: think

text: nothing

text: human

text: alien

text: to

text: me

text: known

text: since

text: antiquity

text: through

text: the

text: endorsement

text: of

text: Saint

text: Augustine

text: gained

text: renewed

text: currency

text: as

text: epitomising

text: the

text: humanist

text: attitude

text: The

text: statement

text: in

text: a

text: play

text: modeled

text: or

text: borrowed

text: from

text: a

text: now

text: lost

text: Greek

text: comedy

text: by

text: Menander

text: may

text: have

text: originated

text: in

text: a

text: lighthearted

text: vein

text: as

text: a

text: comic

text: rationale

text: for

text: an

text: old

text: man

text: 's

text: meddling

text: but

text: it

text: quickly

text: became

text: a

text: proverb

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: ages

text: was

text: quoted

text: with

text: a

text: deeper

text: meaning

text: by

text: Cicero

text: and

text: Saint

text: Augustine

text: to

text: name

text: a

text: few

text: and

text: most

text: notably

text: by

text: Seneca

text: Richard

text: Bauman

text: writes

question: Who quoted the line of Terence most notably?

answer: Seneca

text: Seneca

question: What allowed for a deeper understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories?

answer: ancient manuscripts

text: ancient manuscripts

question: Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence?

answer: Saint Augustine

text: Saint Augustine

question: Who were the Humanists in agreement with about using these manuscripts in their quests for pure Christian living?

answer: Church fathers

text: Church fathers


text: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure of distance, and a meter is now defined in terms of how far light travels in a certain amount of time. Two events in Minkowski spacetime are separated by an invariant interval, which can be either space-like, light-like, or time-like. Events that have a time-like separation cannot be simultaneous in any frame of reference, there must be a temporal component (and possibly a spatial one) to their separation. Events that have a space-like separation will be simultaneous in some frame of reference, and there is no frame of reference in which they do not have a spatial separation. Different observers may calculate different distances and different time intervals between two events, but the invariant interval between the events is independent of the observer (and his velocity).

title: Time

title: Time

text: The

text: theory

text: of

text: special

text: relativity

text: finds

text: a

text: convenient

text: formulation

text: in

text: Minkowski

text: spacetime

text: a

text: mathematical

text: structure

text: that

text: combines

text: three

text: dimensions

text: of

text: space

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: dimension

text: of

text: time

text: In

text: this

text: formalism

text: distances

text: in

text: space

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: by

text: how

text: long

text: light

text: takes

text: to

text: travel

text: that

text: distance

text: e.g.

text: a

text: light

text: year

text: is

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: distance

text: and

text: a

text: meter

text: is

text: now

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: how

text: far

text: light

text: travels

text: in

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: Two

text: events

text: in

text: Minkowski

text: spacetime

text: are

text: separated

text: by

text: an

text: invariant

text: interval

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: space

text: like

text: light

text: like

text: or

text: time

text: like

text: Events

text: that

text: have

text: a

text: time

text: like

text: separation

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: simultaneous

text: in

text: any

text: frame

text: of

text: reference

text: there

text: must

text: be

text: a

text: temporal

text: component

text: and

text: possibly

text: a

text: spatial

text: one

text: to

text: their

text: separation

text: Events

text: that

text: have

text: a

text: space

text: like

text: separation

text: will

text: be

text: simultaneous

text: in

text: some

text: frame

text: of

text: reference

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: frame

text: of

text: reference

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: spatial

text: separation

text: Different

text: observers

text: may

text: calculate

text: different

text: distances

text: and

text: different

text: time

text: intervals

text: between

text: two

text: events

text: but

text: the

text: invariant

text: interval

text: between

text: the

text: events

text: is

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: observer

text: and

text: his

text: velocity

question: Minkowski spacetime combines the three dimensions of space with what?

answer: a single dimension of time

text: a single dimension of time

question: In Minkowski spacetime, how can distances in space be measured?

answer: by how long light takes to travel that distance

text: by how long light takes to travel that distance

question: What are two events in Minkowski spacetime separated by?

answer: by an invariant interval

text: by an invariant interval

question: The invariant interval between events is independent of what?

answer: of the observer (and his velocity)

text: of the observer (and his velocity)

question: The invariant interval that separates two events in Minkowski spacetime can either be what?

answer: space-like, light-like, or time-like

text: space-like, light-like, or time-like


text: Many rescue teams, including that of the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, were reported ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan as early as Wednesday. However, the Red Cross Society of China said that (on May 13) "it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter." The Red Cross Society of China also stated that the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food; however it recommended donating cash instead of other items, as it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides. Landslides continuously threatened the progress of a search and rescue group of 80 men, each carrying about 40 kg of relief supplies, from a motorized infantry brigade under commander Yang Wenyao, as they tried to reach the ethnically Tibetan village of Sier at a height of 4000 m above sea level in Pingwu county. The extreme terrain conditions precluded the use of helicopter evacuation, and over 300 of the Tibetan villagers were stranded in their demolished village for five days without food and water before the rescue group finally arrived to help the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Many

text: rescue

text: teams

text: including

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Taipei

text: Fire

text: Department

text: from

text: Taiwan

text: were

text: reported

text: ready

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: rescue

text: effort

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: Wednesday

text: However

text: the

text: Red

text: Cross

text: Society

text: of

text: China

text: said

text: that

text: on

text: May

text: it

text: was

text: inconvenient

text: currently

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: traffic

text: problem

text: to

text: the

text: hardest

text: hit

text: areas

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: epicenter

text: The

text: Red

text: Cross

text: Society

text: of

text: China

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: disaster

text: areas

text: need

text: tents

text: medical

text: supplies

text: drinking

text: water

text: and

text: food

text: however

text: it

text: recommended

text: donating

text: cash

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: items

text: as

text: it

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: possible

text: to

text: reach

text: roads

text: that

text: were

text: completely

text: damaged

text: or

text: places

text: that

text: were

text: blocked

text: off

text: by

text: landslides

text: Landslides

text: continuously

text: threatened

text: the

text: progress

text: of

text: a

text: search

text: and

text: rescue

text: group

text: of

text: men

text: each

text: carrying

text: about

text: kg

text: of

text: relief

text: supplies

text: from

text: a

text: motorized

text: infantry

text: brigade

text: under

text: commander

text: Yang

text: Wenyao

text: as

text: they

text: tried

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: ethnically

text: Tibetan

text: village

text: of

text: Sier

text: at

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: in

text: Pingwu

text: county

text: The

text: extreme

text: terrain

text: conditions

text: precluded

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: helicopter

text: evacuation

text: and

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: villagers

text: were

text: stranded

text: in

text: their

text: demolished

text: village

text: for

text: five

text: days

text: without

text: food

text: and

text: water

text: before

text: the

text: rescue

text: group

text: finally

text: arrived

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: injured

text: and

text: stranded

text: villagers

text: down

text: the

text: mountain

question: What department was ready to join the rescue effort by Wednesday?

answer: the Taipei Fire Department

text: the Taipei Fire Department

question: How many Tibetan villagers were stranded?

answer: over 300

text: over 300

question: What was the reason that many rescue teams could not join the relief efforts?

answer: the traffic problem

text: the traffic problem

question: What action did the Red Cross recommend ?

answer: donating cash

text: donating cash

question: What problem continued to stop rescue teams from reaching affected areas?

answer: landslides

text: landslides

question: Where were the soldiers under commander Yang Wenyao trying to go?

answer: Tibetan village of Sier

text: Tibetan village of Sier


text: Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Tourist

text: hotspots

text: in

text: Portugal

text: are

text: Lisbon

text: Algarve

text: Madeira

text: Porto

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Coimbra

text: also

text: between

text: million

text: religious

text: pilgrims

text: visit

text: Fátima

text: each

text: year

text: where

text: apparitions

text: of

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: to

text: three

text: shepherd

text: children

text: reportedly

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: The

text: Sanctuary

text: of

text: Fátima

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: shrines

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: government

text: continues

text: to

text: promote

text: and

text: develop

text: new

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Douro

text: Valley

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Porto

text: Santo

text: and

text: Alentejo

text: Lisbon

text: is

text: the

text: European

text: city

text: which

text: attracts

text: the

text: most

text: tourists

text: with

text: seven

text: million

text: tourists

text: occupying

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: hotels

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: that

text: grew

text: compared

text: to

text: previous

text: year

text: Lisbon

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: surpassed

text: the

text: Algarve

text: as

text: the

text: leading

text: tourist

text: region

text: in

text: Portugal

text: Porto

text: and

text: Northern

text: Portugal

text: especially

text: the

text: urban

text: areas

text: north

text: of

text: Douro

text: River

text: valley

text: was

text: the

text: tourist

text: destination

text: which

text: grew

text: most

text: in

text: surpassing

text: Madeira

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: visited

text: destination.[citation

text: needed

question: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?

answer: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra

text: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra

question: Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?

answer: Fátima

text: Fátima

question: What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917?

answer: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children

text: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children

question: What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop?

answer: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo

text: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo

question: What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists?

answer: Lisbon

text: Lisbon


text: After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively shut down the country for weeks. Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government, but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government. Babangida's regime has been considered the most corrupt, and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: After

text: Babangida

text: survived

text: an

text: abortive

text: coup

text: he

text: pushed

text: back

text: the

text: promised

text: return

text: to

text: democracy

text: to

text: Free

text: and

text: fair

text: elections

text: were

text: finally

text: held

text: on

text: June

text: with

text: a

text: presidential

text: victory

text: for

text: Moshood

text: Kashimawo

text: Olawale

text: Abiola

text: Babangida

text: annulled

text: the

text: elections

text: leading

text: to

text: mass

text: civilian

text: violent

text: protests

text: which

text: effectively

text: shut

text: down

text: the

text: country

text: for

text: weeks

text: Babangida

text: finally

text: kept

text: his

text: promise

text: to

text: relinquish

text: office

text: to

text: a

text: civilian

text: run

text: government

text: but

text: not

text: before

text: appointing

text: Ernest

text: Shonekan

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: interim

text: government

text: Babangida

text: 's

text: regime

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: corrupt

text: and

text: responsible

text: for

text: creating

text: a

text: culture

text: of

text: corruption

text: in

text: Nigeria

question: To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy?

answer: 1992

question: When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?

answer: 12 June 1993

text: 12 June 1993

question: Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?

answer: Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola

text: Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola

question: Babangida's reaction to the election results caused violent protests for how long?

answer: weeks

text: weeks

question: Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down?

answer: Ernest Shonekan

text: Ernest Shonekan


text: Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) leaders of Neiwo Zong and Renbam Zong, Chen states that when "the Emperor learned the actual situation of the Phachu Kargyu, the Ming court then appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang." The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet, such as senior and junior commanders, offices of Qianhu (in charge of 1,000 households), and offices of Wanhu (in charge of 10,000 households), were all hereditary positions according to Chen, but he asserts that "the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor," while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Chen

text: Qingying

text: Professor

text: of

text: History

text: and

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: History

text: Studies

text: Institute

text: under

text: the

text: China

text: Tibetology

text: Research

text: Center

text: in

text: Beijing

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: conferred

text: new

text: official

text: positions

text: on

text: ex

text: Yuan

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Phachu

text: Kargyu

text: and

text: granted

text: them

text: lower

text: ranking

text: positions

text: Of

text: the

text: county

text: zong

text: or

text: dzong

text: leaders

text: of

text: Neiwo

text: Zong

text: and

text: Renbam

text: Zong

text: Chen

text: states

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: Emperor

text: learned

text: the

text: actual

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: Phachu

text: Kargyu

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: then

text: appointed

text: the

text: main

text: Zong

text: leaders

text: to

text: be

text: senior

text: officers

text: of

text: the

text: Senior

text: Command

text: of

text: Dbus

text: and

text: Gtsang

text: The

text: official

text: posts

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: established

text: in

text: Tibet

text: such

text: as

text: senior

text: and

text: junior

text: commanders

text: offices

text: of

text: Qianhu

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: households

text: and

text: offices

text: of

text: Wanhu

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: households

text: were

text: all

text: hereditary

text: positions

text: according

text: to

text: Chen

text: but

text: he

text: asserts

text: that

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: some

text: important

text: posts

text: still

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: emperor

text: while

text: old

text: imperial

text: mandates

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: for

text: renewal

question: Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: Who was the Director of the History Studies Institute?

answer: Chen Qingying

text: Chen Qingying

question: How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of?

answer: 1,000 households

text: 1,000 households

question: How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of?

answer: 10,000 households

text: 10,000 households


text: In exchange for Rupert Murdoch's support, Blair agreed not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism – which John Major had withdrawn the country from in September 1992 after barely two years. Cabinet Minister Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris (a former Sun columnist) on BBC TV's Newsnight in November 1998. Misjudging public response, The Sun's editor David Yelland demanded to know in a front page editorial whether Britain was governed by a "gay mafia" of a "closed world of men with a mutual self-interest". Three days later the paper apologised in another editorial which said The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of "overwhelming public interest".

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: In

text: exchange

text: for

text: Rupert

text: Murdoch

text: 's

text: support

text: Blair

text: agreed

text: not

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: European

text: Exchange

text: Rate

text: Mechanism

text: which

text: John

text: Major

text: had

text: withdrawn

text: the

text: country

text: from

text: in

text: September

text: after

text: barely

text: two

text: years

text: Cabinet

text: Minister

text: Peter

text: Mandelson

text: was

text: outed

text: by

text: Matthew

text: Parris

text: a

text: former

text: Sun

text: columnist

text: on

text: BBC

text: TV

text: 's

text: Newsnight

text: in

text: November

text: Misjudging

text: public

text: response

text: The

text: Sun

text: 's

text: editor

text: David

text: Yelland

text: demanded

text: to

text: know

text: in

text: a

text: front

text: page

text: editorial

text: whether

text: Britain

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: gay

text: mafia

text: of

text: a

text: closed

text: world

text: of

text: men

text: with

text: a

text: mutual

text: self

text: interest

text: Three

text: days

text: later

text: the

text: paper

text: apologised

text: in

text: another

text: editorial

text: which

text: said

text: The

text: Sun

text: would

text: never

text: again

text: reveal

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: sexuality

text: unless

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: defended

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: overwhelming

text: public

text: interest

question: What did Blair agree to in order to get the support of Rupert Murdoch?

answer: not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism

text: not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism

question: Who was Cabinet Minister in 1998?

answer: Peter Mandelson

text: Peter Mandelson

question: What happened on BBC's Newsnight in 1998?

answer: Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris

text: Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris

question: Who was editor of The Sun in 1998?

answer: David Yelland

text: David Yelland

question: What did The Sun say its policy about revealing an individual's sexuality would be moving forward?

answer: The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of "overwhelming public interest"

text: The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of "overwhelming public interest"


text: According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to reimprove the Dīn of Islam. After Adam and his son Seth, and after six “Nātıq” (Spoken) – “Sāmad” (Silent) silsila (Noah–Shem), (Abraham–Ishmael), (Moses–Aaron), (Jesus–Simeon), (Muhammad bin ʿAbd Allāh–Ali ibn Abu Tālib); the silsila of “Nātıqs and Sāmads have been completed with (Muhammad bin Ismā‘īl as-ṣaghīr (Maymûn’ûl-Qaddāh)–ʿAbd Allāh Ibn-i Maymûn and his sons).

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine

text: According

text: to

text: Ismā‘īlīsm

text: Allah

text: has

text: sent

text: seven

text: great

text: prophets

text: known

text: as

text: Nātıq

text: Spoken

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: disseminate

text: and

text: improve

text: his

text: Dīn

text: of

text: Islam

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: great

text: prophets

text: has

text: also

text: one

text: assistant

text: known

text: as

text: Sāmad

text: Silent

text: Imām

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: each

text: seven

text: Sāmad

text: silsila

text: one

text: great

text: Nātıq

text: Spoken

text: has

text: ben

text: sent

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reimprove

text: the

text: Dīn

text: of

text: Islam

text: After

text: Adam

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: Seth

text: and

text: after

text: six

text: Nātıq

text: Spoken

text: Sāmad

text: Silent

text: silsila

text: Noah

text: Shem

text: Abraham

text: Ishmael

text: Moses

text: Aaron

text: Jesus

text: Simeon

text: Muhammad

text: bin

text: ʿAbd

text: Allāh

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Abu

text: Tālib

text: the

text: silsila

text: of

text: Nātıqs

text: and

text: Sāmads

text: have

text: been

text: completed

text: with

text: Muhammad

text: bin

text: Ismā‘īl

text: as

text: ṣaghīr

text: Maymûn’ûl

text: Qaddāh)–ʿAbd

text: Allāh

text: Ibn

text: i

text: Maymûn

text: and

text: his

text: sons

question: How many great prophets has Allah sent?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What are the seven great prophets known as?

answer: Nātıq

text: Nātıq

question: What are the seven great prophets supposed to do?

answer: disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam

text: disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam

question: What is the great prophets assistant called?

answer: Sāmad (Silent) Imām

text: Sāmad (Silent) Imām


text: Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensively detailed contracts, and swapped for more expensive loan products on the day of closing. Whereas the advertisement might state that 1% or 1.5% interest would be charged, the consumer would be put into an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) in which the interest charged would be greater than the amount of interest paid. This created negative amortization, which the credit consumer might not notice until long after the loan transaction had been consummated.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Predatory

text: lending

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: unscrupulous

text: lenders

text: enticing

text: borrowers

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: unsafe

text: or

text: unsound

text: secured

text: loans

text: for

text: inappropriate

text: purposes

text: A

text: classic

text: bait

text: and

text: switch

text: method

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: Countrywide

text: Financial

text: advertising

text: low

text: interest

text: rates

text: for

text: home

text: refinancing

text: Such

text: loans

text: were

text: written

text: into

text: extensively

text: detailed

text: contracts

text: and

text: swapped

text: for

text: more

text: expensive

text: loan

text: products

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: closing

text: Whereas

text: the

text: advertisement

text: might

text: state

text: that

text: or

text: interest

text: would

text: be

text: charged

text: the

text: consumer

text: would

text: be

text: put

text: into

text: an

text: adjustable

text: rate

text: mortgage

text: ARM

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: interest

text: charged

text: would

text: be

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: interest

text: paid

text: This

text: created

text: negative

text: amortization

text: which

text: the

text: credit

text: consumer

text: might

text: not

text: notice

text: until

text: long

text: after

text: the

text: loan

text: transaction

text: had

text: been

text: consummated

question: What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans?

answer: Predatory lending

text: Predatory lending

question: What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates?

answer: Countrywide Financial

text: Countrywide Financial

question: Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised?

answer: adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)

text: adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)

question: What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid?

answer: negative amortization

text: negative amortization

question: What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use?

answer: classic bait-and-switch

text: classic bait-and-switch


text: He also introduced the notion of a 'Universal Machine' (now known as a Universal Turing machine), with the idea that such a machine could perform the tasks of any other machine, or in other words, it is provably capable of computing anything that is computable by executing a program stored on tape, allowing the machine to be programmable. Von Neumann acknowledged that the central concept of the modern computer was due to this paper. Turing machines are to this day a central object of study in theory of computation. Except for the limitations imposed by their finite memory stores, modern computers are said to be Turing-complete, which is to say, they have algorithm execution capability equivalent to a universal Turing machine.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: He

text: also

text: introduced

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: a

text: Universal

text: Machine

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: Universal

text: Turing

text: machine

text: with

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: such

text: a

text: machine

text: could

text: perform

text: the

text: tasks

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: machine

text: or

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: is

text: provably

text: capable

text: of

text: computing

text: anything

text: that

text: is

text: computable

text: by

text: executing

text: a

text: program

text: stored

text: on

text: tape

text: allowing

text: the

text: machine

text: to

text: be

text: programmable

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: acknowledged

text: that

text: the

text: central

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: computer

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: this

text: paper

text: Turing

text: machines

text: are

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: a

text: central

text: object

text: of

text: study

text: in

text: theory

text: of

text: computation

text: Except

text: for

text: the

text: limitations

text: imposed

text: by

text: their

text: finite

text: memory

text: stores

text: modern

text: computers

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: Turing

text: complete

text: which

text: is

text: to

text: say

text: they

text: have

text: algorithm

text: execution

text: capability

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: universal

text: Turing

text: machine

question: A Universal Machine is known as what today?

answer: Universal Turing machine

text: Universal Turing machine


text: The location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town Utrecht was granted city rights by Henry V in 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed, which still flowed through the heart of the town became evermore canalized; and the wharf system was built as an inner city harbour system. On the wharfs storage facilities (werfkelders) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure.[nb 2] The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: The

text: location

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: allowed

text: Utrecht

text: to

text: become

text: an

text: important

text: trade

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: growing

text: town

text: Utrecht

text: was

text: granted

text: city

text: rights

text: by

text: Henry

text: V

text: in

text: When

text: the

text: main

text: flow

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: moved

text: south

text: the

text: old

text: bed

text: which

text: still

text: flowed

text: through

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: became

text: evermore

text: canalized

text: and

text: the

text: wharf

text: system

text: was

text: built

text: as

text: an

text: inner

text: city

text: harbour

text: system

text: On

text: the

text: wharfs

text: storage

text: facilities

text: werfkelders

text: were

text: built

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: main

text: street

text: including

text: houses

text: was

text: constructed

text: The

text: wharfs

text: and

text: the

text: cellars

text: are

text: accessible

text: from

text: a

text: platform

text: at

text: water

text: level

text: with

text: stairs

text: descending

text: from

text: the

text: street

text: level

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: unique

text: structure.[nb

text: The

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: bishop

text: who

text: controlled

text: many

text: lands

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: was

text: not

text: always

text: easy

text: The

text: bishop

text: for

text: example

text: dammed

text: the

text: Kromme

text: Rijn

text: at

text: Wijk

text: bij

text: Duurstede

text: to

text: protect

text: his

text: estates

text: from

text: flooding

text: This

text: threatened

text: shipping

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: led

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: to

text: commission

text: a

text: canal

text: to

text: ensure

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: town

text: for

text: shipping

text: trade

text: the

text: Vaartse

text: Rijn

text: connecting

text: Utrecht

text: to

text: the

text: Hollandse

text: IJssel

text: at

text: IJsselstein

question: What did Utrecht's location allow

answer: allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands.

text: allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands.

question: Who granted Utrecht city rights

answer: Henry V in 1122

text: Henry V in 1122

question: What was the relationship with the bishop like for citizens of Utrecht

answer: the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy

text: the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy

question: What Industry did the bishop hurt

answer: The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding

text: The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding


text: In 2007 the German professor Bassam Tibi suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws, while non-religious causes have also been raised, such as a lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II—during this time period the British allied themselves with the Rohingya and fought against the puppet government of Burma (composed mostly of Bamar Japanese) that helped to establish the Tatmadaw military organisation that remains in power as of March 2013.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: the

text: German

text: professor

text: Bassam

text: Tibi

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: Rohingya

text: conflict

text: may

text: be

text: driven

text: by

text: an

text: Islamist

text: political

text: agenda

text: to

text: impose

text: religious

text: laws

text: while

text: non

text: religious

text: causes

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: raised

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: lingering

text: resentment

text: over

text: the

text: violence

text: that

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: Japanese

text: occupation

text: of

text: Burma

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: period

text: the

text: British

text: allied

text: themselves

text: with

text: the

text: Rohingya

text: and

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: puppet

text: government

text: of

text: Burma

text: composed

text: mostly

text: of

text: Bamar

text: Japanese

text: that

text: helped

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: Tatmadaw

text: military

text: organisation

text: that

text: remains

text: in

text: power

text: as

text: of

text: March

question: What is believed to be one of the potential religious instigators for the stiff in Burma against a certain race ?

answer: suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws

text: suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws

question: Who occupied Burma during the Second World War ?

answer: the Japanese

text: the Japanese

question: What system of militaristic management exists in Burma?

answer: the Tatmadaw

text: the Tatmadaw

question: What may have caused negative feeling to still linger among the different races of the Burmese people ?

answer: lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation

text: lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation

question: Who did the British choose to back in Burma during WWII ?

answer: British allied themselves with the Rohingya

text: British allied themselves with the Rohingya


text: However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals. UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991) and the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: However

text: by

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: the

text: downward

text: trend

text: was

text: starting

text: to

text: reverse

text: England

text: had

text: been

text: successful

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: reaching

text: the

text: semi

text: finals

text: UEFA

text: European

text: football

text: 's

text: governing

text: body

text: lifted

text: the

text: five

text: year

text: ban

text: on

text: English

text: clubs

text: playing

text: in

text: European

text: competitions

text: in

text: resulting

text: in

text: Manchester

text: United

text: lifting

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Taylor

text: Report

text: on

text: stadium

text: safety

text: standards

text: which

text: proposed

text: expensive

text: upgrades

text: to

text: create

text: all

text: seater

text: stadiums

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Hillsborough

text: disaster

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: January

text: of

text: that

text: year

question: When did the downward trend of the English Football start to turn around?

answer: by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse

text: by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse

question: Was England successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?

answer: England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals.

text: England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals.

question: Did the UEFA remove the 5 year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990?

answer: UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990

text: UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990

question: What did the removal of the ban result in?

answer: (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991

text: (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991

question: Did the Taylor Report on stadiums safety standards propose expensive upgrades to stadiums?

answer: proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster

text: proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster

question: In which year did English football's downward trend stop thanks to England making it to the FIFA World Cup semi-finals?

answer: 1990

question: In which year was the English club ban lifted by UEFA?

answer: 1990

question: In which year shortly thereafter did Manchester United win the UEFA Winners' Cup?

answer: 1991

question: In which month was the Taylor Report published?

answer: January

text: January

question: In which year was the Taylor Report published?

answer: 1990


text: Anthropologists such as C. Loring Brace, the philosophers Jonathan Kaplan and Rasmus Winther, and the geneticist Joseph Graves,[page needed] have argued that while there it is certainly possible to find biological and genetic variation that corresponds roughly to the groupings normally defined as "continental races", this is true for almost all geographically distinct populations. The cluster structure of the genetic data is therefore dependent on the initial hypotheses of the researcher and the populations sampled. When one samples continental groups, the clusters become continental; if one had chosen other sampling patterns, the clustering would be different. Weiss and Fullerton have noted that if one sampled only Icelanders, Mayans and Maoris, three distinct clusters would form and all other populations could be described as being clinally composed of admixtures of Maori, Icelandic and Mayan genetic materials. Kaplan and Winther therefore argue that, seen in this way, both Lewontin and Edwards are right in their arguments. They conclude that while racial groups are characterized by different allele frequencies, this does not mean that racial classification is a natural taxonomy of the human species, because multiple other genetic patterns can be found in human populations that crosscut racial distinctions. Moreover, the genomic data underdetermines whether one wishes to see subdivisions (i.e., splitters) or a continuum (i.e., lumpers). Under Kaplan and Winther's view, racial groupings are objective social constructions (see Mills 1998 ) that have conventional biological reality only insofar as the categories are chosen and constructed for pragmatic scientific reasons. In earlier work, Winther had identified "diversity partitioning" and "clustering analysis" as two separate methodologies, with distinct questions, assumptions, and protocols. Each is also associated with opposing ontological consequences vis-a-vis the metaphysics of race.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Anthropologists

text: such

text: as

text: C.

text: Loring

text: Brace

text: the

text: philosophers

text: Jonathan

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Rasmus

text: Winther

text: and

text: the

text: geneticist

text: Joseph

text: Graves,[page

text: needed

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: while

text: there

text: it

text: is

text: certainly

text: possible

text: to

text: find

text: biological

text: and

text: genetic

text: variation

text: that

text: corresponds

text: roughly

text: to

text: the

text: groupings

text: normally

text: defined

text: as

text: continental

text: races

text: this

text: is

text: true

text: for

text: almost

text: all

text: geographically

text: distinct

text: populations

text: The

text: cluster

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: genetic

text: data

text: is

text: therefore

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: initial

text: hypotheses

text: of

text: the

text: researcher

text: and

text: the

text: populations

text: sampled

text: When

text: one

text: samples

text: continental

text: groups

text: the

text: clusters

text: become

text: continental

text: if

text: one

text: had

text: chosen

text: other

text: sampling

text: patterns

text: the

text: clustering

text: would

text: be

text: different

text: Weiss

text: and

text: Fullerton

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: if

text: one

text: sampled

text: only

text: Icelanders

text: Mayans

text: and

text: Maoris

text: three

text: distinct

text: clusters

text: would

text: form

text: and

text: all

text: other

text: populations

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: being

text: clinally

text: composed

text: of

text: admixtures

text: of

text: Maori

text: Icelandic

text: and

text: Mayan

text: genetic

text: materials

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Winther

text: therefore

text: argue

text: that

text: seen

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: both

text: Lewontin

text: and

text: Edwards

text: are

text: right

text: in

text: their

text: arguments

text: They

text: conclude

text: that

text: while

text: racial

text: groups

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: different

text: allele

text: frequencies

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: that

text: racial

text: classification

text: is

text: a

text: natural

text: taxonomy

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: species

text: because

text: multiple

text: other

text: genetic

text: patterns

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: human

text: populations

text: that

text: crosscut

text: racial

text: distinctions

text: Moreover

text: the

text: genomic

text: data

text: underdetermines

text: whether

text: one

text: wishes

text: to

text: see

text: subdivisions

text: i.e.

text: splitters

text: or

text: a

text: continuum

text: i.e.

text: lumpers

text: Under

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Winther

text: 's

text: view

text: racial

text: groupings

text: are

text: objective

text: social

text: constructions

text: see

text: Mills

text: that

text: have

text: conventional

text: biological

text: reality

text: only

text: insofar

text: as

text: the

text: categories

text: are

text: chosen

text: and

text: constructed

text: for

text: pragmatic

text: scientific

text: reasons

text: In

text: earlier

text: work

text: Winther

text: had

text: identified

text: diversity

text: partitioning

text: and

text: clustering

text: analysis

text: as

text: two

text: separate

text: methodologies

text: with

text: distinct

text: questions

text: assumptions

text: and

text: protocols

text: Each

text: is

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: opposing

text: ontological

text: consequences

text: vis

text: a

text: vis

text: the

text: metaphysics

text: of

text: race

question: Cluster structure of genetic data is dependent on what initial thing?

answer: hypotheses

text: hypotheses

question: If one samples a continental group, what do the clusters become?

answer: continental

text: continental

question: What is not a natural taxonomy of the human species?

answer: racial classification

text: racial classification

question: What are objective social constructions?

answer: racial groupings

text: racial groupings

question: What are diversity partition and clustering analysis are examples of?

answer: methodologies

text: methodologies