text: The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: The

text: Basic

text: Law

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: the

text: federal

text: constitution

text: stipulates

text: that

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: each

text: Federal

text: State

text: 's

text: government

text: must

text: conform

text: to

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: republican

text: democratic

text: and

text: social

text: government

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: Article

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: cabinet

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: Ministerpräsident

text: Minister

text: President

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: unicameral

text: legislative

text: body

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Landtag

text: State

text: Diet

text: The

text: states

text: are

text: parliamentary

text: republics

text: and

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: their

text: legislative

text: and

text: executive

text: branches

text: mirrors

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: system

text: the

text: legislatures

text: are

text: popularly

text: elected

text: for

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: Minister

text: President

text: is

text: then

text: chosen

text: by

text: a

text: majority

text: vote

text: among

text: the

text: Landtag

text: 's

text: members

text: The

text: Minister

text: President

text: appoints

text: a

text: cabinet

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: agencies

text: and

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: the

text: executive

text: duties

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: government

question: Which article stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law"?

answer: Article 28

text: Article 28

question: Most states are governed by what figure?

answer: Ministerpräsident

text: Ministerpräsident

question: What are most state legislatures called?

answer: Landtag

text: Landtag

question: How is the Minister President chosen?

answer: a majority vote among the Landtag's members

text: a majority vote among the Landtag's members

question: Who does Minister-President choose to run state agencies?

answer: a cabinet

text: a cabinet


text: The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of "one world, one dream". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the "Journey of Harmony", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: torch

text: relay

text: was

text: run

text: from

text: March

text: until

text: August

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: with

text: the

text: theme

text: of

text: one

text: world

text: one

text: dream

text: Plans

text: for

text: the

text: relay

text: were

text: announced

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: Beijing

text: China

text: The

text: relay

text: also

text: called

text: by

text: the

text: organizers

text: as

text: the

text: Journey

text: of

text: Harmony

text: lasted

text: days

text: and

text: carried

text: the

text: torch

text: km

text: mi

text: the

text: longest

text: distance

text: of

text: any

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: relay

text: since

text: the

text: tradition

text: was

text: started

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

question: When did the tradition of people carrying the Olympic torch before the Olympic games begin?

answer: 1936 Summer Olympics.

text: 1936 Summer Olympics.

question: How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics?

answer: 129 days

text: 129 days

question: What was the theme for the torch relay?

answer: one world, one dream

text: one world, one dream

question: What did the organizers of the torch relay call it?

answer: Journey of Harmony

text: Journey of Harmony

question: What was the 2008 Olympic slogan?

answer: one world, one dream

text: one world, one dream

question: Where were the details of the torch relay made known?

answer: Beijing, China.

text: Beijing, China.

question: What was the torch relay referred to as by organizers?

answer: "Journey of Harmony"

text: "Journey of Harmony"

question: How many miles was the Olympic torch relayed?

answer: 85,000 mi

text: 85,000 mi


text: A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413, this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian (候顯; fl. 1403–1427), which was again refused by Tsongkhapa. Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court, so he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf, and upon his arrival in 1415 the Yongle Emperor bestowed upon him the title of "State Teacher"—the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet. The Xuande Emperor (r. 1425–1435) even granted this disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes the title of a "King" (王). This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning, or to have given its holder any power, at Tsongkhapa's Ganden Monastery. Wylie notes that this—like the Karma Kargyu—cannot be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices, since the Gelug school was created after the fall of the Yuan dynasty.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: A.

text: Tom

text: Grunfeld

text: says

text: that

text: Tsongkhapa

text: claimed

text: ill

text: health

text: in

text: his

text: refusal

text: to

text: appear

text: at

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: while

text: Rossabi

text: adds

text: that

text: Tsongkhapa

text: cited

text: the

text: length

text: and

text: arduousness

text: of

text: the

text: journey

text: to

text: China

text: as

text: another

text: reason

text: not

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: appearance

text: This

text: first

text: request

text: by

text: the

text: Ming

text: was

text: made

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: sent

text: another

text: embassy

text: in

text: this

text: one

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: eunuch

text: Hou

text: Xian

text: 候顯

text: fl

text: which

text: was

text: again

text: refused

text: by

text: Tsongkhapa

text: Rossabi

text: writes

text: that

text: Tsongkhapa

text: did

text: not

text: want

text: to

text: entirely

text: alienate

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: so

text: he

text: sent

text: his

text: disciple

text: Chosrje

text: Shākya

text: Yeshes

text: to

text: Nanjing

text: in

text: on

text: his

text: behalf

text: and

text: upon

text: his

text: arrival

text: in

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: bestowed

text: upon

text: him

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: State

text: Teacher

text: the

text: same

text: title

text: earlier

text: awarded

text: the

text: Phagmodrupa

text: ruler

text: of

text: Tibet

text: The

text: Xuande

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: even

text: granted

text: this

text: disciple

text: Chosrje

text: Shākya

text: Yeshes

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: a

text: King

text: 王

text: This

text: title

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: held

text: any

text: practical

text: meaning

text: or

text: to

text: have

text: given

text: its

text: holder

text: any

text: power

text: at

text: Tsongkhapa

text: 's

text: Ganden

text: Monastery

text: Wylie

text: notes

text: that

text: this

text: like

text: the

text: Karma

text: Kargyu

text: cannot

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: reappointment

text: of

text: Mongol

text: Yuan

text: offices

text: since

text: the

text: Gelug

text: school

text: was

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

question: When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?

answer: 1407

question: When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa?

answer: 1413

question: Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?

answer: his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes

text: his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes

question: When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?

answer: 1414


text: For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet". Qing military garrisons staffed with Qing troops were now also established near the Nepalese border. Tibet was dominated by the Manchus in various stages in the 18th century, and the years immediately following the 1792 regulations were the peak of the Qing imperial commissioners' authority; but there was no attempt to make Tibet a Chinese province.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: For

text: several

text: decades

text: peace

text: reigned

text: in

text: Tibet

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: Qing

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: sent

text: a

text: large

text: Chinese

text: army

text: into

text: Tibet

text: to

text: push

text: the

text: invading

text: Nepalese

text: out

text: This

text: prompted

text: yet

text: another

text: Qing

text: reorganization

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: government

text: this

text: time

text: through

text: a

text: written

text: plan

text: called

text: the

text: Twenty

text: Nine

text: Regulations

text: for

text: Better

text: Government

text: in

text: Tibet

text: Qing

text: military

text: garrisons

text: staffed

text: with

text: Qing

text: troops

text: were

text: now

text: also

text: established

text: near

text: the

text: Nepalese

text: border

text: Tibet

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Manchus

text: in

text: various

text: stages

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: years

text: immediately

text: following

text: the

text: regulations

text: were

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: imperial

text: commissioners

text: authority

text: but

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: attempt

text: to

text: make

text: Tibet

text: a

text: Chinese

text: province

question: When did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?

answer: 1792

question: Why did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?

answer: push the invading Nepalese out

text: push the invading Nepalese out

question: What was the Qing reorganization of the Tibetan called?

answer: Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet

text: Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet

question: When was Tibet dominated by the Manchus?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century


text: The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. An interesting morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: The

text: Northern

text: Russian

text: dialects

text: and

text: those

text: spoken

text: along

text: the

text: Volga

text: River

text: typically

text: pronounce

text: unstressed

text: /o/

text: clearly

text: the

text: phenomenon

text: called

text: okanye/оканье

text: Besides

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: vowel

text: reduction

text: some

text: dialects

text: have

text: high

text: or

text: diphthongal

text: /e

text: i̯ɛ/

text: in

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: Proto

text: Slavic

text: ě

text: and

text: /o

text: u̯ɔ/

text: in

text: stressed

text: closed

text: syllables

text: as

text: in

text: Ukrainian

text: instead

text: of

text: Standard

text: Russian

text: /e/

text: and

text: /o/.

text: An

text: interesting

text: morphological

text: feature

text: is

text: a

text: post

text: posed

text: definite

text: article

text: -to

text: -ta

text: -te

text: similarly

text: to

text: that

text: existing

text: in

text: Bulgarian

text: and

text: Macedonian

question: What is okanye?

answer: pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly

text: pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly

question: What articles are similar to Bulgarian?

answer: post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te

text: post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te

question: What do some Russian dialects do about vowels?

answer: absence of vowel reduction

text: absence of vowel reduction

question: What region of dialects is the Volga River area in?

answer: Northern Russian

text: Northern Russian


text: After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes). The sale price set a new world record for a piece of football memorabilia, surpassing the £254,000 paid for the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy in 1997. The successful bidder was David Gold, the then joint chairman of Birmingham City; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country, Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation. Accordingly, Gold presented the trophy to the National Football Museum in Preston on 20 April 2006, where it went on immediate public display. It later moved with the museum to its new location in Manchester. In November 2012, it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers, after they beat Wanderers 7–1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: After

text: being

text: rendered

text: obsolete

text: by

text: the

text: redesign

text: the

text: replica

text: was

text: presented

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: FA

text: 's

text: long

text: serving

text: president

text: Lord

text: Kinnaird

text: Kinnaird

text: died

text: in

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: kept

text: it

text: in

text: their

text: possession

text: out

text: of

text: view

text: until

text: putting

text: it

text: up

text: for

text: auction

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: duly

text: sold

text: at

text: Christie

text: 's

text: auction

text: house

text: on

text: May

text: for

text: including

text: auction

text: fees

text: and

text: taxes

text: The

text: sale

text: price

text: set

text: a

text: new

text: world

text: record

text: for

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: football

text: memorabilia

text: surpassing

text: the

text: paid

text: for

text: the

text: Jules

text: Rimet

text: World

text: Cup

text: Trophy

text: in

text: The

text: successful

text: bidder

text: was

text: David

text: Gold

text: the

text: then

text: joint

text: chairman

text: of

text: Birmingham

text: City

text: claiming

text: the

text: FA

text: and

text: government

text: were

text: doing

text: nothing

text: proactive

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: trophy

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Gold

text: stated

text: his

text: purchase

text: was

text: motivated

text: by

text: wanting

text: to

text: save

text: it

text: for

text: the

text: nation

text: Accordingly

text: Gold

text: presented

text: the

text: trophy

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: Museum

text: in

text: Preston

text: on

text: April

text: where

text: it

text: went

text: on

text: immediate

text: public

text: display

text: It

text: later

text: moved

text: with

text: the

text: museum

text: to

text: its

text: new

text: location

text: in

text: Manchester

text: In

text: November

text: it

text: was

text: ceremonially

text: presented

text: to

text: Royal

text: Engineers

text: after

text: they

text: beat

text: Wanderers

text: in

text: a

text: charity

text: replay

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: FA

text: Cup

text: final

question: Who was the long-serving president of the FA cup?

answer: Lord Kinnaird

text: Lord Kinnaird

question: What year did Lord Kinnard die?

answer: Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923,

text: Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923,

question: Was the cup lost during that time?

answer: his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005

text: his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005

question: Where did it sell?

answer: Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes)

text: Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes)

question: Who won the bid?

answer: David Gold

text: David Gold


text: The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth. Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) produced the first systematic star catalog. The level of achievement in Hellenistic astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150-100 BC), an analog computer for calculating the position of planets. Technological artifacts of similar complexity did not reappear until the 14th century, when mechanical astronomical clocks appeared in Europe.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: astronomer

text: Aristarchus

text: of

text: Samos

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: known

text: person

text: to

text: propose

text: a

text: heliocentric

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: while

text: the

text: geographer

text: Eratosthenes

text: accurately

text: calculated

text: the

text: circumference

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: Hipparchus

text: c.

text: c.

text: BC

text: produced

text: the

text: first

text: systematic

text: star

text: catalog

text: The

text: level

text: of

text: achievement

text: in

text: Hellenistic

text: astronomy

text: and

text: engineering

text: is

text: impressively

text: shown

text: by

text: the

text: Antikythera

text: mechanism

text: BC

text: an

text: analog

text: computer

text: for

text: calculating

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: planets

text: Technological

text: artifacts

text: of

text: similar

text: complexity

text: did

text: not

text: reappear

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: mechanical

text: astronomical

text: clocks

text: appeared

text: in

text: Europe

question: Who created the sun-centered model of the solar system?

answer: Aristarchus of Samos

text: Aristarchus of Samos

question: Who was able to determine the circumference of the Earth?

answer: Eratosthenes

text: Eratosthenes

question: Who made the first catalog of stars?

answer: Hipparchus

text: Hipparchus

question: When was the Antikythera mechanism used?

answer: 150-100 BC

text: 150-100 BC

question: What was used to determine the position of planets within the solar system?

answer: the Antikythera mechanism

text: the Antikythera mechanism


text: In 1682, William Penn founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals in the Revolutionary War, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants. It became a prime destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration and surpassed two million occupants by 1950.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: William

text: Penn

text: founded

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Colony

text: Philadelphia

text: played

text: an

text: instrumental

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: as

text: a

text: meeting

text: place

text: for

text: the

text: Founding

text: Fathers

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: who

text: signed

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Constitution

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capitals

text: in

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: temporary

text: U.S.

text: capital

text: while

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: was

text: under

text: construction

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Philadelphia

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: industrial

text: center

text: and

text: railroad

text: hub

text: that

text: grew

text: from

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: European

text: immigrants

text: It

text: became

text: a

text: prime

text: destination

text: for

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Migration

text: and

text: surpassed

text: two

text: million

text: occupants

text: by

question: Who founded Philadelphia?

answer: William Penn

text: William Penn

question: What role did Philadelphia play in the American Revolution?

answer: a meeting place for the Founding Fathers

text: a meeting place for the Founding Fathers

question: What purpose did Philadelphia serve while D.C. was under construction?

answer: temporary U.S. capital

text: temporary U.S. capital

question: When did it reach 2 million occupants>

answer: 1950


text: Total investment in renewable energy (including small hydro-electric projects) was $244 billion in 2012, down 12% from 2011 mainly due to dramatically lower solar prices and weakened US and EU markets. As a share of total investment in power plants, wind and solar PV grew from 14% in 2000 to over 60% in 2012. The top countries for investment in recent years were China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil. Renewable energy companies include BrightSource Energy, First Solar, Gamesa, GE Energy, Goldwind, Sinovel, Trina Solar, Vestas and Yingli.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Total

text: investment

text: in

text: renewable

text: energy

text: including

text: small

text: hydro

text: electric

text: projects

text: was

text: billion

text: in

text: down

text: from

text: mainly

text: due

text: to

text: dramatically

text: lower

text: solar

text: prices

text: and

text: weakened

text: US

text: and

text: EU

text: markets

text: As

text: a

text: share

text: of

text: total

text: investment

text: in

text: power

text: plants

text: wind

text: and

text: solar

text: PV

text: grew

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: over

text: in

text: The

text: top

text: countries

text: for

text: investment

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: were

text: China

text: Germany

text: Spain

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Italy

text: and

text: Brazil

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: companies

text: include

text: BrightSource

text: Energy

text: First

text: Solar

text: Gamesa

text: GE

text: Energy

text: Goldwind

text: Sinovel

text: Trina

text: Solar

text: Vestas

text: and

text: Yingli

question: How much was the total investment in renewable energy in 2012?

answer: $244 billion

text: $244 billion

question: Why did the total investment in renewable energy go down in 2012?

answer: dramatically lower solar prices

text: dramatically lower solar prices

question: What  six were the top countries for investment in recent years?

answer: China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil

text: China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil


text: In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: In

text: April

text: northern

text: East

text: Prussia

text: became

text: an

text: official

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: as

text: the

text: Kyonigsbergskaya

text: Oblast

text: with

text: the

text: Memel

text: Territory

text: becoming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: SSR

text: In

text: June

text: German

text: and

text: Soviet

text: citizens

text: were

text: registered

text: in

text: the

text: Oblast

text: with

text: an

text: unknown

text: number

text: of

text: disregarded

text: unregistered

text: persons

text: In

text: July

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: historic

text: city

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: was

text: renamed

text: Kaliningrad

text: to

text: honour

text: Mikhail

text: Kalinin

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: named

text: the

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Between

text: August

text: and

text: October

text: transports

text: with

text: in

text: total

text: Germans

text: left

text: the

text: Oblast

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: which

text: became

text: East

text: Germany

text: The

text: last

text: remaining

text: Germans

text: left

text: in

text: November

text: persons

text: and

text: January

text: persons

question: What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia?

answer: 1946

question: In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from  Konigsberg?

answer: Mikhail Kalinin

text: Mikhail Kalinin

question: Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone?

answer: 42,094


text: An antenna lead-in is the transmission line (or feed line) which connects the antenna to a transmitter or receiver. The antenna feed may refer to all components connecting the antenna to the transmitter or receiver, such as an impedance matching network in addition to the transmission line. In a so-called aperture antenna, such as a horn or parabolic dish, the "feed" may also refer to a basic antenna inside the entire system (normally at the focus of the parabolic dish or at the throat of a horn) which could be considered the one active element in that antenna system. A microwave antenna may also be fed directly from a waveguide in place of a (conductive) transmission line.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: An

text: antenna

text: lead

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: transmission

text: line

text: or

text: feed

text: line

text: which

text: connects

text: the

text: antenna

text: to

text: a

text: transmitter

text: or

text: receiver

text: The

text: antenna

text: feed

text: may

text: refer

text: to

text: all

text: components

text: connecting

text: the

text: antenna

text: to

text: the

text: transmitter

text: or

text: receiver

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: impedance

text: matching

text: network

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: transmission

text: line

text: In

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: aperture

text: antenna

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: horn

text: or

text: parabolic

text: dish

text: the

text: feed

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: basic

text: antenna

text: inside

text: the

text: entire

text: system

text: normally

text: at

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: parabolic

text: dish

text: or

text: at

text: the

text: throat

text: of

text: a

text: horn

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: one

text: active

text: element

text: in

text: that

text: antenna

text: system

text: A

text: microwave

text: antenna

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: fed

text: directly

text: from

text: a

text: waveguide

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: a

text: conductive

text: transmission

text: line

question: What is mainly responsible for the connection of the antenna to its end destinations?

answer: antenna lead-in

text: antenna lead-in

question: What is the group of elements used to join the elements of an antenna?

answer: antenna feed

text: antenna feed

question: What are the type of antennas used with satellite television called?

answer: aperture antenna

text: aperture antenna

question: What can be used in place of  a standard transmission line?

answer: microwave antenna

text: microwave antenna


text: During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life. They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect kiri-sute gomen (斬り捨て御免?), but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced daimyos to cut the size of their armies, unemployed rōnin became a social problem.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: During

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: shogunate

text: samurai

text: increasingly

text: became

text: courtiers

text: bureaucrats

text: and

text: administrators

text: rather

text: than

text: warriors

text: With

text: no

text: warfare

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: samurai

text: gradually

text: lost

text: their

text: military

text: function

text: during

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: era

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Edo

text: period

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: era

text: samurai

text: were

text: aristocratic

text: bureaucrats

text: for

text: the

text: daimyo

text: with

text: their

text: daisho

text: the

text: paired

text: long

text: and

text: short

text: swords

text: of

text: the

text: samurai

text: cf

text: katana

text: and

text: wakizashi

text: becoming

text: more

text: of

text: a

text: symbolic

text: emblem

text: of

text: power

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: weapon

text: used

text: in

text: daily

text: life

text: They

text: still

text: had

text: the

text: legal

text: right

text: to

text: cut

text: down

text: any

text: commoner

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: show

text: proper

text: respect

text: kiri

text: sute

text: gomen

text: 斬り捨て御免

text: but

text: to

text: what

text: extent

text: this

text: right

text: was

text: used

text: is

text: unknown

text: When

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: forced

text: daimyos

text: to

text: cut

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: their

text: armies

text: unemployed

text: rōnin

text: became

text: a

text: social

text: problem

question: When were samurai becoming less warrior-like?

answer: During the Tokugawa shogunate

text: During the Tokugawa shogunate

question: When had samurai last been used in battle?

answer: the early 17th century

text: the early 17th century

question: What was another name for the Tokugawa era?

answer: the Edo period

text: the Edo period

question: What was the samurai's long sword called?

answer: katana

text: katana

question: What was the samurai's short sword called?

answer: wakizashi

text: wakizashi


text: Traditionally, the Speaker is reckoned as the leader of the majority party in the House, with the Majority Leader as second-in-command. For instance, when the Republicans gained the majority in the House after the 2010 elections, Eric Cantor succeeded Boehner as Majority Leader. Despite this, Cantor and his successor, Kevin McCarthy, have been reckoned as the second-ranking Republicans in the House, since Boehner is still reckoned as the leader of the House Republicans. However, there have been some exceptions. The most recent exception to this rule came when Majority Leader Tom DeLay generally overshadowed Speaker Dennis Hastert from 2003 to 2006. In contrast, the Minority Leader is the undisputed leader of the minority party.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: Speaker

text: is

text: reckoned

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: with

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: as

text: second

text: in

text: command

text: For

text: instance

text: when

text: the

text: Republicans

text: gained

text: the

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: after

text: the

text: elections

text: Eric

text: Cantor

text: succeeded

text: Boehner

text: as

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: Despite

text: this

text: Cantor

text: and

text: his

text: successor

text: Kevin

text: McCarthy

text: have

text: been

text: reckoned

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: ranking

text: Republicans

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: since

text: Boehner

text: is

text: still

text: reckoned

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: Republicans

text: However

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: some

text: exceptions

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: came

text: when

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: Tom

text: DeLay

text: generally

text: overshadowed

text: Speaker

text: Dennis

text: Hastert

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: contrast

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: is

text: the

text: undisputed

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: minority

text: party

question: Who is the leader of the majority leader in House?

answer: Speaker

text: Speaker

question: What is the title of seconde in command for majority party in congress?

answer: Majority Leader

text: Majority Leader

question: Who overshadowed House Speaker Dennis Hastert?

answer: Majority Leader Tom DeLay

text: Majority Leader Tom DeLay

question: Who is the leader of the minority party in the House?

answer: Minority Leader

text: Minority Leader


text: In 1998, UNICEF reported that Ivory Coast farmers used enslaved children – many from surrounding countries. In late 2000 a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate— in West Africa. Other media followed by reporting widespread child slavery and child trafficking in the production of cocoa. In 2001, the US State Department estimated there were 15,000 child slaves cocoa, cotton and coffee farms in the Ivory Coast, and the Chocolate Manufacturers Association acknowledged that child slavery is used in the cocoa harvest.[not in citation given][better source needed]

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: UNICEF

text: reported

text: that

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: farmers

text: used

text: enslaved

text: children

text: many

text: from

text: surrounding

text: countries

text: In

text: late

text: a

text: BBC

text: documentary

text: reported

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: enslaved

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: cocoa

text: the

text: main

text: ingredient

text: in

text: chocolate—

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: Other

text: media

text: followed

text: by

text: reporting

text: widespread

text: child

text: slavery

text: and

text: child

text: trafficking

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: cocoa

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: State

text: Department

text: estimated

text: there

text: were

text: child

text: slaves

text: cocoa

text: cotton

text: and

text: coffee

text: farms

text: in

text: the

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: and

text: the

text: Chocolate

text: Manufacturers

text: Association

text: acknowledged

text: that

text: child

text: slavery

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: cocoa

text: harvest.[not

text: in

text: citation

text: given][better

text: source

text: needed

question: Who reported Ivory Coast farmers usage of child labour?

answer: UNICEF

text: UNICEF

question: What do child labourers work on in West Africa?

answer: production of cocoa

text: production of cocoa

question: How many child slaves were reported in cocoa, coffee and cotton farms?

answer: 15,000


text: Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago. This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and Leverrier for the new planet.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Claiming

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: name

text: his

text: discovery

text: Le

text: Verrier

text: quickly

text: proposed

text: the

text: name

text: Neptune

text: for

text: this

text: new

text: planet

text: though

text: falsely

text: stating

text: that

text: this

text: had

text: been

text: officially

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Bureau

text: des

text: Longitudes

text: In

text: October

text: he

text: sought

text: to

text: name

text: the

text: planet

text: Le

text: Verrier

text: after

text: himself

text: and

text: he

text: had

text: loyal

text: support

text: in

text: this

text: from

text: the

text: observatory

text: director

text: François

text: Arago

text: This

text: suggestion

text: met

text: with

text: stiff

text: resistance

text: outside

text: France

text: French

text: almanacs

text: quickly

text: reintroduced

text: the

text: name

text: Herschel

text: for

text: Uranus

text: after

text: that

text: planet

text: 's

text: discoverer

text: Sir

text: William

text: Herschel

text: and

text: Leverrier

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: planet

question: Who claimed the right to name Neptune?

answer: Le Verrier

text: Le Verrier

question: What country approved Neptune's first name?

answer: France

text: France

question: What did the discoverer want to name Neptune first?

answer: Le Verrier

text: Le Verrier

question: What first introduced Neptune and Uranus's names?

answer: French almanacs

text: French almanacs

question: Who did not approve of the first name for Neptune?

answer: French Bureau des Longitudes

text: French Bureau des Longitudes


text: Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it was established that all cardinals, even cardinal deacons, had to be priests, and, in 1962, Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops, even if they are only priests at the time of appointment. As a consequence of these two changes, canon 351 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law requires that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment, and that those who are not already bishops must receive episcopal consecration. Several cardinals aged over 80 or close to it when appointed have obtained dispensation from the rule of having to be a bishop. These were all appointed cardinal-deacons, but one of them, Roberto Tucci, lived long enough to exercise the right of option and be promoted to the rank of cardinal-priest.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: Until

text: it

text: was

text: possible

text: for

text: someone

text: who

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: priest

text: but

text: only

text: in

text: minor

text: orders

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: cardinal

text: see

text: lay

text: cardinals

text: below

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: enrolled

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: cardinal

text: deacons

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Reginald

text: Pole

text: was

text: a

text: cardinal

text: for

text: years

text: before

text: he

text: was

text: ordained

text: a

text: priest

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: established

text: that

text: all

text: cardinals

text: even

text: cardinal

text: deacons

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: priests

text: and

text: in

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: set

text: the

text: norm

text: that

text: all

text: cardinals

text: be

text: ordained

text: as

text: bishops

text: even

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: only

text: priests

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: appointment

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: changes

text: canon

text: of

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Canon

text: Law

text: requires

text: that

text: a

text: cardinal

text: be

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: priesthood

text: at

text: his

text: appointment

text: and

text: that

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: already

text: bishops

text: must

text: receive

text: episcopal

text: consecration

text: Several

text: cardinals

text: aged

text: over

text: or

text: close

text: to

text: it

text: when

text: appointed

text: have

text: obtained

text: dispensation

text: from

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: having

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: bishop

text: These

text: were

text: all

text: appointed

text: cardinal

text: deacons

text: but

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: Roberto

text: Tucci

text: lived

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: exercise

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: option

text: and

text: be

text: promoted

text: to

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: cardinal

text: priest

question: In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop?

answer: 1917

question: In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops?

answer: 1962


text: In the 1980s, mixed tag team matches began to take place, with a male and female on each team and a rule stating that each wrestler could only attack the opponent of the same gender. If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well. Despite these restrictions, many mixed tag matches do feature some physical interaction between participants of different genders. For example, a heel may take a cheap shot at the female wrestler of the opposing team to draw a negative crowd reaction. In lucha libre, cheap-shots and male-female attacks are not uncommon.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: the

text: mixed

text: tag

text: team

text: matches

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: with

text: a

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: on

text: each

text: team

text: and

text: a

text: rule

text: stating

text: that

text: each

text: wrestler

text: could

text: only

text: attack

text: the

text: opponent

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: gender

text: If

text: a

text: tag

text: was

text: made

text: the

text: other

text: team

text: had

text: to

text: automatically

text: switch

text: their

text: legal

text: wrestler

text: as

text: well

text: Despite

text: these

text: restrictions

text: many

text: mixed

text: tag

text: matches

text: do

text: feature

text: some

text: physical

text: interaction

text: between

text: participants

text: of

text: different

text: genders

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: heel

text: may

text: take

text: a

text: cheap

text: shot

text: at

text: the

text: female

text: wrestler

text: of

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: to

text: draw

text: a

text: negative

text: crowd

text: reaction

text: In

text: lucha

text: libre

text: cheap

text: shots

text: and

text: male

text: female

text: attacks

text: are

text: not

text: uncommon

question: What does a mixed tag team consist of?

answer: a male and female on each team

text: a male and female on each team

question: When did mixed tag teams start?

answer: 1980s

question: What happened when a tag was made?

answer: the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well

text: the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well

question: What isn't uncommon in lucha libre?

answer: cheap-shots and male-female attacks

text: cheap-shots and male-female attacks


text: The Third Great Awakening refers to a hypothetical historical period that was marked by religious activism in American history and spans the late 1850s to the early 20th century. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong element of social activism. It gathered strength from the postmillennial belief that the Second Coming of Christ would occur after mankind had reformed the entire earth. It was affiliated with the Social Gospel Movement, which applied Christianity to social issues and gained its force from the Awakening, as did the worldwide missionary movement. New groupings emerged, such as the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: Third

text: Great

text: Awakening

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: hypothetical

text: historical

text: period

text: that

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: religious

text: activism

text: in

text: American

text: history

text: and

text: spans

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: It

text: affected

text: pietistic

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: element

text: of

text: social

text: activism

text: It

text: gathered

text: strength

text: from

text: the

text: postmillennial

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: Second

text: Coming

text: of

text: Christ

text: would

text: occur

text: after

text: mankind

text: had

text: reformed

text: the

text: entire

text: earth

text: It

text: was

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: Social

text: Gospel

text: Movement

text: which

text: applied

text: Christianity

text: to

text: social

text: issues

text: and

text: gained

text: its

text: force

text: from

text: the

text: Awakening

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: worldwide

text: missionary

text: movement

text: New

text: groupings

text: emerged

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Holiness

text: Nazarene

text: and

text: Christian

text: Science

text: movements

question: When was the Third Great Awakening?

answer: the late 1850s to the early 20th century

text: the late 1850s to the early 20th century

question: What denominations did the Third Great Awakening affect?

answer: pietistic Protestant denominations

text: pietistic Protestant denominations

question: What other movement gained its force from the Third Great Awakening?

answer: the worldwide missionary movement

text: the worldwide missionary movement

question: What movement was affiliated with the Third Great Awakening?

answer: the Social Gospel Movement

text: the Social Gospel Movement

question: What new groups were formed as a result of the Third Great Awakening?

answer: the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements

text: the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements


text: An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism. This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution. Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation. Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: An

text: alternative

text: view

text: offered

text: by

text: Richard

text: Dawkins

text: is

text: of

text: predation

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: competition

text: the

text: genes

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: predator

text: and

text: prey

text: are

text: competing

text: for

text: the

text: body

text: or

text: survival

text: machine

text: of

text: the

text: prey

text: organism

text: This

text: is

text: best

text: understood

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: centered

text: view

text: of

text: evolution

text: Another

text: manner

text: in

text: which

text: predation

text: and

text: competition

text: are

text: connected

text: is

text: throughout

text: intraguild

text: predation

text: Intraguild

text: predators

text: are

text: those

text: that

text: kill

text: and

text: eat

text: other

text: predators

text: of

text: different

text: species

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: trophic

text: level

text: and

text: thus

text: that

text: are

text: potential

text: competitors

question: Intraguild species consumer other species within?

answer: the same trophic level

text: the same trophic level

question: Who proposes the concept of the "survival machine?"

answer: Richard Dawkins

text: Richard Dawkins

question: The argument of the "survival machines" proposes that what two species are competing for the same genes?

answer: both the predator and prey

text: both the predator and prey

question: Intraguild species may try to consume each other because they are?

answer: potential competitors

text: potential competitors

question: Who described predation by describing competing genes within the predator?

answer: Richard Dawkins

text: Richard Dawkins

question: To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"?

answer: the body

text: the body

question: What are intraguild predators?

answer: those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level

text: those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level

question: Which version of evolutionary theory is easiest to use when explaining predation as competition?

answer: gene centered view

text: gene centered view

question: What term is used to decribe predators that prey on their own competition?

answer: Intraguild

text: Intraguild


text: On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية, al-Jamāhīrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Lībīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah), a "state of the masses" conceptualized by Gaddafi. Officially, the Jamahiriya was a direct democracy in which the people ruled themselves through the 187 Basic People's Congresses, where all adult Libyans participated and voted on national decisions. These then sent members to the annual General People's Congress, which was broadcast live on television. In principle, the People's Congresses were Libya's highest authority, with major decisions proposed by government officials or with Gaddafi himself requiring the consent of the People's Congresses.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: General

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: adopted

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: the

text: Establishment

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Authority

text: at

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: behest

text: Dissolving

text: the

text: Libyan

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: it

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Great

text: Socialist

text: People

text: 's

text: Libyan

text: Arab

text: Jamahiriya

text: Arabic

text: الجماهيرية

text: العربية

text: الليبية

text: الشعبية

text: الاشتراكية

text: al

text: Jamāhīrīyah

text: al-‘Arabīyah

text: al

text: Lībīyah

text: ash

text: Sha‘bīyah

text: al

text: Ishtirākīyah

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: masses

text: conceptualized

text: by

text: Gaddafi

text: Officially

text: the

text: Jamahiriya

text: was

text: a

text: direct

text: democracy

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: people

text: ruled

text: themselves

text: through

text: the

text: Basic

text: People

text: 's

text: Congresses

text: where

text: all

text: adult

text: Libyans

text: participated

text: and

text: voted

text: on

text: national

text: decisions

text: These

text: then

text: sent

text: members

text: to

text: the

text: annual

text: General

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: which

text: was

text: broadcast

text: live

text: on

text: television

text: In

text: principle

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Congresses

text: were

text: Libya

text: 's

text: highest

text: authority

text: with

text: major

text: decisions

text: proposed

text: by

text: government

text: officials

text: or

text: with

text: Gaddafi

text: himself

text: requiring

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Congresses

question: What was the name of the state founded in Libya on March 2, 1977?

answer: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

text: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

question: How many Basic People's Congresses existed in the Jamahiriya?

answer: 187

question: What body did the members elected by the Basic People's Congresses attend?

answer: General People's Congress

text: General People's Congress

question: What was the official name of Libya prior to the establishment of the Jamahiriya?

answer: Libyan Arab Republic

text: Libyan Arab Republic

question: How often did the General People's Congress occur?

answer: annual

text: annual


text: Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: teams

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Fighting

text: Irish

text: They

text: compete

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Collegiate

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: I

text: primarily

text: competing

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Coast

text: Conference

text: ACC

text: for

text: all

text: sports

text: since

text: the

text: school

text: year

text: The

text: Fighting

text: Irish

text: previously

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: Horizon

text: League

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: then

text: in

text: the

text: Big

text: East

text: Conference

text: through

text: Men

text: 's

text: sports

text: include

text: baseball

text: basketball

text: crew

text: cross

text: country

text: fencing

text: football

text: golf

text: ice

text: hockey

text: lacrosse

text: soccer

text: swimming

text: diving

text: tennis

text: and

text: track

text: field

text: while

text: women

text: 's

text: sports

text: include

text: basketball

text: cross

text: country

text: fencing

text: golf

text: lacrosse

text: rowing

text: soccer

text: softball

text: swimming

text: diving

text: tennis

text: track

text: field

text: and

text: volleyball

text: The

text: football

text: team

text: competes

text: as

text: an

text: Football

text: Bowl

text: Subdivision

text: FBS

text: Independent

text: since

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: Both

text: fencing

text: teams

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: Midwest

text: Fencing

text: Conference

text: and

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: ice

text: hockey

text: team

text: competes

text: in

text: Hockey

text: East

question: What does the acronym NCAA stand for?

answer: National Collegiate Athletic Association

text: National Collegiate Athletic Association

question: Which league did Notre Dame Fighting Irish teams participate in in 1982?

answer: Horizon League

text: Horizon League

question: What when conference do the Notre Dame fencing teams take part in?

answer: Midwest Fencing Conference

text: Midwest Fencing Conference

question: There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it?

answer: Hockey East

text: Hockey East

question: In what conference did the Fighting Irish take part in in 2012?

answer: Big East Conference

text: Big East Conference


text: Napoleon, expecting to win the war, delayed too long and lost this opportunity; by December the Allies had withdrawn the offer. When his back was to the wall in 1814 he tried to reopen peace negotiations on the basis of accepting the Frankfurt proposals. The Allies now had new, harsher terms that included the retreat of France to its 1791 boundaries, which meant the loss of Belgium. Napoleon would remain Emperor, however he rejected the term. The British wanted Napoleon permanently removed; they prevailed. Napoleon adamantly refused.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: expecting

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: war

text: delayed

text: too

text: long

text: and

text: lost

text: this

text: opportunity

text: by

text: December

text: the

text: Allies

text: had

text: withdrawn

text: the

text: offer

text: When

text: his

text: back

text: was

text: to

text: the

text: wall

text: in

text: he

text: tried

text: to

text: reopen

text: peace

text: negotiations

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: accepting

text: the

text: Frankfurt

text: proposals

text: The

text: Allies

text: now

text: had

text: new

text: harsher

text: terms

text: that

text: included

text: the

text: retreat

text: of

text: France

text: to

text: its

text: boundaries

text: which

text: meant

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: Belgium

text: Napoleon

text: would

text: remain

text: Emperor

text: however

text: he

text: rejected

text: the

text: term

text: The

text: British

text: wanted

text: Napoleon

text: permanently

text: removed

text: they

text: prevailed

text: Napoleon

text: adamantly

text: refused

question: The Allies took back their offer to Napoleon in what month?

answer: December

text: December

question: In what year did Napoleon attempt to resume peace talks?

answer: 1814

question: Which peace initiative did Napoleon refer to when he attempted to make peace in 1814?

answer: the Frankfurt proposals

text: the Frankfurt proposals

question: The new Allied demands for peace insisted France return to its boundaries of what year?

answer: 1791

question: In the new Allied peace proposal, what territory would France have been forced to surrender?

answer: Belgium

text: Belgium


text: Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an "Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes." Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors were invented by Bell Laboratories in the early 1950s as a miniaturized and more reliable low-voltage support capacitor to complement their newly invented transistor.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Charles

text: Pollak

text: born

text: Karol

text: Pollak

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: electrolytic

text: capacitors

text: found

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: oxide

text: layer

text: on

text: an

text: aluminum

text: anode

text: remained

text: stable

text: in

text: a

text: neutral

text: or

text: alkaline

text: electrolyte

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: power

text: was

text: switched

text: off

text: In

text: he

text: filed

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: an

text: Electric

text: liquid

text: capacitor

text: with

text: aluminum

text: electrodes

text: Solid

text: electrolyte

text: tantalum

text: capacitors

text: were

text: invented

text: by

text: Bell

text: Laboratories

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: as

text: a

text: miniaturized

text: and

text: more

text: reliable

text: low

text: voltage

text: support

text: capacitor

text: to

text: complement

text: their

text: newly

text: invented

text: transistor

question: Who invented the first electrolytic capacitor?

answer: Charles Pollak

text: Charles Pollak

question: In what sort of electrolyte does the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remain stable?

answer: a neutral or alkaline electrolyte

text: a neutral or alkaline electrolyte

question: In what year was the patent filed for an electric liquid capacitor?

answer: In 1896

text: In 1896

question: What sort of capacitors were created by Bell Labs in the 1950's?

answer: Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors

text: Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors

question: Why did Bell labs create their new type of capacitor?

answer: to complement their newly invented transistor

text: to complement their newly invented transistor


text: Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th century. Founded by Israel ben Eliezer, known as the Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760), it emerged in an age of persecution of the Jewish people, when a schism existed between scholarly and common European Jews. In addition to bridging this class gap, Hasidic teachings sought to reintroduce joy in the performance of the commandments and in prayer through the popularisation of Jewish mysticism (this joy had been suppressed in the intense intellectual study of the Talmud). The Ba'al Shem Tov sought to combine rigorous scholarship with more emotional mitzvah observance. In a practical sense, what distinguishes Hasidic Judaism from other forms of Haredi Judaism is the close-knit organization of Hasidic communities centered on a Rebbe (sometimes translated as "Grand Rabbi"), and various customs and modes of dress particular to each community. In some cases, there are religious ideological distinctions between Hasidic groups, as well. Another phenomenon that sets Hasidic Judaism apart from general Haredi Judaism is the strong emphasis placed on speaking Yiddish; in (many) Hasidic households and communities, Yiddish is spoken exclusively.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Hasidic

text: or

text: Chasidic

text: Judaism

text: overlaps

text: significantly

text: with

text: Haredi

text: Judaism

text: in

text: its

text: engagement

text: with

text: the

text: secular

text: and

text: commercial

text: world

text: and

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: social

text: issues

text: It

text: precedes

text: the

text: later

text: and

text: differs

text: in

text: its

text: genesis

text: and

text: emerged

text: focus

text: The

text: movement

text: originated

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Belarus

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Founded

text: by

text: Israel

text: ben

text: Eliezer

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Baal

text: Shem

text: Tov

text: it

text: emerged

text: in

text: an

text: age

text: of

text: persecution

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: when

text: a

text: schism

text: existed

text: between

text: scholarly

text: and

text: common

text: European

text: Jews

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: bridging

text: this

text: class

text: gap

text: Hasidic

text: teachings

text: sought

text: to

text: reintroduce

text: joy

text: in

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: commandments

text: and

text: in

text: prayer

text: through

text: the

text: popularisation

text: of

text: Jewish

text: mysticism

text: this

text: joy

text: had

text: been

text: suppressed

text: in

text: the

text: intense

text: intellectual

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Talmud

text: The

text: Ba'al

text: Shem

text: Tov

text: sought

text: to

text: combine

text: rigorous

text: scholarship

text: with

text: more

text: emotional

text: mitzvah

text: observance

text: In

text: a

text: practical

text: sense

text: what

text: distinguishes

text: Hasidic

text: Judaism

text: from

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: Haredi

text: Judaism

text: is

text: the

text: close

text: knit

text: organization

text: of

text: Hasidic

text: communities

text: centered

text: on

text: a

text: Rebbe

text: sometimes

text: translated

text: as

text: Grand

text: Rabbi

text: and

text: various

text: customs

text: and

text: modes

text: of

text: dress

text: particular

text: to

text: each

text: community

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: there

text: are

text: religious

text: ideological

text: distinctions

text: between

text: Hasidic

text: groups

text: as

text: well

text: Another

text: phenomenon

text: that

text: sets

text: Hasidic

text: Judaism

text: apart

text: from

text: general

text: Haredi

text: Judaism

text: is

text: the

text: strong

text: emphasis

text: placed

text: on

text: speaking

text: Yiddish

text: in

text: many

text: Hasidic

text: households

text: and

text: communities

text: Yiddish

text: is

text: spoken

text: exclusively

question: What overlaps significantly with Hasidic Judiasm?

answer: Haredi Judaism

text: Haredi Judaism

question: What overlaps significantly with Haredi Judiasm?

answer: Chasidic Judaism

text: Chasidic Judaism

question: Who founded what is known as the Baal Shem Tov?

answer: Israel ben Eliezer

text: Israel ben Eliezer

question: What sought to combine rigourous scholarship with more emotional mitzvah observance?

answer: Ba'al Shem Tov

text: Ba'al Shem Tov

question: What is the spoken word known as in Hasidic Judiasm?

answer: Yiddish

text: Yiddish


text: Two battle-hardened Australian divisions were steaming from the Mid-East for Singapore. Churchill wanted them diverted to Burma, but Curtin insisted on a return to Australia. In early 1942 elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed an invasion of Australia. The Japanese Army opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia from the United States via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific. The Japanese decided upon a seaborne invasion of Port Moresby, capital of the Australian Territory of Papua which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese bomber aircraft.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Two

text: battle

text: hardened

text: Australian

text: divisions

text: were

text: steaming

text: from

text: the

text: Mid

text: East

text: for

text: Singapore

text: Churchill

text: wanted

text: them

text: diverted

text: to

text: Burma

text: but

text: Curtin

text: insisted

text: on

text: a

text: return

text: to

text: Australia

text: In

text: early

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Japanese

text: Navy

text: proposed

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Australia

text: The

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: opposed

text: the

text: plan

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: rejected

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: isolating

text: Australia

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: via

text: blockade

text: by

text: advancing

text: through

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: The

text: Japanese

text: decided

text: upon

text: a

text: seaborne

text: invasion

text: of

text: Port

text: Moresby

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Territory

text: of

text: Papua

text: which

text: would

text: put

text: Northern

text: Australia

text: within

text: range

text: of

text: Japanese

text: bomber

text: aircraft

question: How many Australian divisions steamed from the Mid-East for Singapore?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to?

answer: Burma

text: Burma

question: What Japanese group opposed an invasion of Australia?

answer: Japanese Army

text: Japanese Army

question: What was the capital of Papua?

answer: Port Moresby

text: Port Moresby

question: What country did Japan isolate Australia from with a blockade?

answer: United States

text: United States


text: The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hit the target, or aimed at the predicted position of the target at the time the projectile reaches it, taking into account speed and direction of both the target and the projectile.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: essence

text: of

text: air

text: defence

text: is

text: to

text: detect

text: hostile

text: aircraft

text: and

text: destroy

text: them

text: The

text: critical

text: issue

text: is

text: to

text: hit

text: a

text: target

text: moving

text: in

text: three

text: dimensional

text: space

text: an

text: attack

text: must

text: not

text: only

text: match

text: these

text: three

text: coordinates

text: but

text: must

text: do

text: so

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: target

text: is

text: at

text: that

text: position

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: projectiles

text: either

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: guided

text: to

text: hit

text: the

text: target

text: or

text: aimed

text: at

text: the

text: predicted

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: projectile

text: reaches

text: it

text: taking

text: into

text: account

text: speed

text: and

text: direction

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: target

text: and

text: the

text: projectile

question: What is the first purpose of air defence?

answer: detect hostile aircraft

text: detect hostile aircraft

question: What is the second purpose of air defence?

answer: destroy them

text: destroy them

question: What is the critical issue in air defence?

answer: to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space

text: to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space

question: Projectiles must either be guided to the target or aimed where?

answer: at the predicted position of the target at the time the projectile reaches it

text: at the predicted position of the target at the time the projectile reaches it

question: What two things must be considered in regards to the projectile and target?

answer: speed and direction

text: speed and direction


text: Another study examining the health and nutrition literacy status of residents of the lower Mississippi Delta found that 52 percent of participants had a high likelihood of limited literacy skills. While a precise comparison between the NAAL and Delta studies is difficult, primarily because of methodological differences, Zoellner et al. suggest that health literacy rates in the Mississippi Delta region are different from the U.S. general population and that they help establish the scope of the problem of health literacy among adults in the Delta region. For example, only 12 percent of study participants identified the My Pyramid graphic two years after it had been launched by the USDA. The study also found significant relationships between nutrition literacy and income level and nutrition literacy and educational attainment further delineating priorities for the region.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Another

text: study

text: examining

text: the

text: health

text: and

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: status

text: of

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: Mississippi

text: Delta

text: found

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: participants

text: had

text: a

text: high

text: likelihood

text: of

text: limited

text: literacy

text: skills

text: While

text: a

text: precise

text: comparison

text: between

text: the

text: NAAL

text: and

text: Delta

text: studies

text: is

text: difficult

text: primarily

text: because

text: of

text: methodological

text: differences

text: Zoellner

text: et

text: al

text: suggest

text: that

text: health

text: literacy

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: Delta

text: region

text: are

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: general

text: population

text: and

text: that

text: they

text: help

text: establish

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: health

text: literacy

text: among

text: adults

text: in

text: the

text: Delta

text: region

text: For

text: example

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: study

text: participants

text: identified

text: the

text: My

text: Pyramid

text: graphic

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: launched

text: by

text: the

text: USDA

text: The

text: study

text: also

text: found

text: significant

text: relationships

text: between

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: and

text: income

text: level

text: and

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: and

text: educational

text: attainment

text: further

text: delineating

text: priorities

text: for

text: the

text: region

question: What percentage of people were were found to have a high likelihood of low literacy skills in the Mississippi Delta region?

answer: 52

question: What primary difference was there between the NAAL and Delta study that made comparisons difficult?

answer: methodological differences

text: methodological differences

question: Who was the main author of the study that suggested that the Mississippi Delta study identified a problem of health literacy?

answer: Zoellner

text: Zoellner

question: For how many years had the My Pyramid graphic been released at the time of the Mississippi Delta study?

answer: two

text: two

question: Income level was found to have a signification correlation to which outcome in the study?

answer: nutrition literacy

text: nutrition literacy


text: Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012, as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment. Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of drilling during mid-2012 and the already dire situation was exacerbated by the "Kulluk" incident at the end of the year. Royal Dutch Shell had invested nearly US$5 billion by this stage of the project.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: Further

text: problems

text: hampered

text: the

text: Arctic

text: project

text: after

text: the

text: commencement

text: of

text: drilling

text: in

text: as

text: Shell

text: dealt

text: with

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: issues

text: that

text: involved

text: air

text: permits

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: certification

text: of

text: a

text: marine

text: vessel

text: and

text: severe

text: damage

text: to

text: essential

text: oil

text: spill

text: equipment

text: Additionally

text: difficult

text: weather

text: conditions

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: delay

text: of

text: drilling

text: during

text: and

text: the

text: already

text: dire

text: situation

text: was

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: Kulluk

text: incident

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: had

text: invested

text: nearly

text: US$

text: billion

text: by

text: this

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: project

question: What conditions caused the delay of drilling in mid-2012?

answer: difficult weather

text: difficult weather

question: What worsened the situation at the end of 2012?

answer: the "Kulluk" incident

text: the "Kulluk" incident

question: What amount had Royal Dutch Shell invested in the project by the end of 2012?

answer: nearly US$5 billion

text: nearly US$5 billion

question: In what year did drilling in the Arctic region begin?

answer: 2012


text: Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: CBD

text: compared

text: with

text: other

text: Australian

text: cities

text: has

text: comparatively

text: unrestricted

text: height

text: limits

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: waves

text: of

text: post

text: war

text: development

text: contains

text: five

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: tallest

text: buildings

text: in

text: Australia

text: the

text: tallest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Eureka

text: Tower

text: situated

text: in

text: Southbank

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: observation

text: deck

text: near

text: the

text: top

text: from

text: where

text: you

text: can

text: see

text: above

text: all

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: structures

text: The

text: Rialto

text: tower

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: second

text: tallest

text: remains

text: the

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: CBD

text: its

text: observation

text: deck

text: for

text: visitors

text: has

text: recently

text: closed

question: Is the observation deck in The Rialto currently opened or closed?

answer: closed

text: closed

question: On which of Melbourne's banks is the Eureka Tower located?

answer: Southbank

text: Southbank

question: Which tower is Melbourne's second tallest?

answer: The Rialto

text: The Rialto

question: What building is the tallest building in the old CBD?

answer: The Rialto tower

text: The Rialto tower

question: What is the tallest tower in Australia?

answer: Eureka Tower

text: Eureka Tower


text: Following the fall of Wu and the turmoil of the Wu Hu uprising against the Jin dynasty (265–420), most of elite Chinese families had collaborated with the non-Chinese rulers and military conquerors in the north. Some may have lost social privilege, and took refugee in areas south to Yangtze River. Some of the Chinese refugees from north China might have resided in areas near Hangzhou. For example, the clan of Zhuge Liang (181–234), a chancellor of the state of Shu Han from Central Plain in north China during the Three Kingdoms period, gathered together at the suburb of Hangzhou, forming an exclusive, closed village Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), consisting of villagers all with family name "Zhuge". The village has intentionally isolated itself from the surrounding communities for centuries to this day, and only recently came to be known in public. It suggests that a small number of powerful, elite Chinese refugees from the Central Plain might have taken refugee in south of the Yangtze River. However, considering the mountainous geography and relative lack of agrarian lands in Zhejiang, most of these refugees might have resided in some areas in south China beyond Zhejiang, where fertile agrarian lands and metropolitan resources were available, mainly north Jiangsu, west Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui,and provinces where less cohesive, organized regional governments had been in place. Metropolitan areas of Sichuan was another hub for refugees, given that the state of Shu had long been founded and ruled by political and military elites from the Central Plain and north China. Some refugees from the north China might have found residence in south China depending on their social status and military power in the north. The rump Jin state or the Southern Dynasties vied against some elite Chinese from the Central Plain and south of the Yangtze River.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: Following

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Wu

text: and

text: the

text: turmoil

text: of

text: the

text: Wu

text: Hu

text: uprising

text: against

text: the

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: most

text: of

text: elite

text: Chinese

text: families

text: had

text: collaborated

text: with

text: the

text: non

text: Chinese

text: rulers

text: and

text: military

text: conquerors

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Some

text: may

text: have

text: lost

text: social

text: privilege

text: and

text: took

text: refugee

text: in

text: areas

text: south

text: to

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: refugees

text: from

text: north

text: China

text: might

text: have

text: resided

text: in

text: areas

text: near

text: Hangzhou

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: clan

text: of

text: Zhuge

text: Liang

text: a

text: chancellor

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Shu

text: Han

text: from

text: Central

text: Plain

text: in

text: north

text: China

text: during

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: period

text: gathered

text: together

text: at

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Hangzhou

text: forming

text: an

text: exclusive

text: closed

text: village

text: Zhuge

text: Village

text: Zhege

text: Cun

text: consisting

text: of

text: villagers

text: all

text: with

text: family

text: name

text: Zhuge

text: The

text: village

text: has

text: intentionally

text: isolated

text: itself

text: from

text: the

text: surrounding

text: communities

text: for

text: centuries

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: and

text: only

text: recently

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: in

text: public

text: It

text: suggests

text: that

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: powerful

text: elite

text: Chinese

text: refugees

text: from

text: the

text: Central

text: Plain

text: might

text: have

text: taken

text: refugee

text: in

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: However

text: considering

text: the

text: mountainous

text: geography

text: and

text: relative

text: lack

text: of

text: agrarian

text: lands

text: in

text: Zhejiang

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: refugees

text: might

text: have

text: resided

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: in

text: south

text: China

text: beyond

text: Zhejiang

text: where

text: fertile

text: agrarian

text: lands

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: resources

text: were

text: available

text: mainly

text: north

text: Jiangsu

text: west

text: Fujian

text: Jiangxi

text: Hunan

text: Anhui

text: and

text: provinces

text: where

text: less

text: cohesive

text: organized

text: regional

text: governments

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: place

text: Metropolitan

text: areas

text: of

text: Sichuan

text: was

text: another

text: hub

text: for

text: refugees

text: given

text: that

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Shu

text: had

text: long

text: been

text: founded

text: and

text: ruled

text: by

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: elites

text: from

text: the

text: Central

text: Plain

text: and

text: north

text: China

text: Some

text: refugees

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: China

text: might

text: have

text: found

text: residence

text: in

text: south

text: China

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: social

text: status

text: and

text: military

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: rump

text: Jin

text: state

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Dynasties

text: vied

text: against

text: some

text: elite

text: Chinese

text: from

text: the

text: Central

text: Plain

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

question: When was the Jin Dynasty?

answer: 265–420

question: Where did the clan of Zhuge Liang gather together?

answer: Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun)

text: Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun)

question: When did Zhuge Village isolate itself until?

answer: this day

text: this day

question: What kind of geography is in Zhejiang?

answer: mountainous

text: mountainous

question: When did Zhuge Liang live from?

answer: 181–234


text: Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration. The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low power usage. Initially, Adobe Flash would only work on sites included on a "Compatibility View" whitelist; however, after feedback from users and additional compatibility tests, an update in March 2013 changed this behavior to use a smaller blacklist of sites with known compatibility issues instead, allowing Flash to be used on most sites by default. The desktop version does not contain these limitations.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: is

text: included

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: desktop

text: program

text: and

text: a

text: touch

text: optimized

text: app

text: and

text: includes

text: increased

text: support

text: for

text: and

text: hardware

text: acceleration

text: The

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: app

text: does

text: not

text: support

text: plugins

text: or

text: ActiveX

text: components

text: but

text: includes

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: Player

text: that

text: is

text: optimized

text: for

text: touch

text: and

text: low

text: power

text: usage

text: Initially

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: would

text: only

text: work

text: on

text: sites

text: included

text: on

text: a

text: Compatibility

text: View

text: whitelist

text: however

text: after

text: feedback

text: from

text: users

text: and

text: additional

text: compatibility

text: tests

text: an

text: update

text: in

text: March

text: changed

text: this

text: behavior

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: smaller

text: blacklist

text: of

text: sites

text: with

text: known

text: compatibility

text: issues

text: instead

text: allowing

text: Flash

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: most

text: sites

text: by

text: default

text: The

text: desktop

text: version

text: does

text: not

text: contain

text: these

text: limitations

question: What forms is Internet Exploer 10 available as?

answer: a desktop program and a touch-optimized app

text: a desktop program and a touch-optimized app

question: What limitations were put on Adobe flash to begin with?

answer: a "Compatibility View" whitelist

text: a "Compatibility View" whitelist

question: Where can Adobe Flash now be used?

answer: most sites by default

text: most sites by default

question: What improvements were made to Internet Explorer?

answer: increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration

text: increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration


text: Cubism was relevant to an architecture seeking a style that needed not refer to the past. Thus, what had become a revolution in both painting and sculpture was applied as part of "a profound reorientation towards a changed world". The Cubo-Futurist ideas of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti influenced attitudes in avant-garde architecture. The influential De Stijl movement embraced the aesthetic principles of Neo-plasticism developed by Piet Mondrian under the influence of Cubism in Paris. De Stijl was also linked by Gino Severini to Cubist theory through the writings of Albert Gleizes. However, the linking of basic geometric forms with inherent beauty and ease of industrial application—which had been prefigured by Marcel Duchamp from 1914—was left to the founders of Purism, Amédée Ozenfant and Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (better known as Le Corbusier,) who exhibited paintings together in Paris and published Après le cubisme in 1918. Le Corbusier's ambition had been to translate the properties of his own style of Cubism to architecture. Between 1918 and 1922, Le Corbusier concentrated his efforts on Purist theory and painting. In 1922, Le Corbusier and his cousin Jeanneret opened a studio in Paris at 35 rue de Sèvres. His theoretical studies soon advanced into many different architectural projects.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: Cubism

text: was

text: relevant

text: to

text: an

text: architecture

text: seeking

text: a

text: style

text: that

text: needed

text: not

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: past

text: Thus

text: what

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: revolution

text: in

text: both

text: painting

text: and

text: sculpture

text: was

text: applied

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: profound

text: reorientation

text: towards

text: a

text: changed

text: world

text: The

text: Cubo

text: Futurist

text: ideas

text: of

text: Filippo

text: Tommaso

text: Marinetti

text: influenced

text: attitudes

text: in

text: avant

text: garde

text: architecture

text: The

text: influential

text: De

text: Stijl

text: movement

text: embraced

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: principles

text: of

text: Neo

text: plasticism

text: developed

text: by

text: Piet

text: Mondrian

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Cubism

text: in

text: Paris

text: De

text: Stijl

text: was

text: also

text: linked

text: by

text: Gino

text: Severini

text: to

text: Cubist

text: theory

text: through

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: However

text: the

text: linking

text: of

text: basic

text: geometric

text: forms

text: with

text: inherent

text: beauty

text: and

text: ease

text: of

text: industrial

text: application

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: prefigured

text: by

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: from

text: left

text: to

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: Purism

text: Amédée

text: Ozenfant

text: and

text: Charles

text: Édouard

text: Jeanneret

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: who

text: exhibited

text: paintings

text: together

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: published

text: Après

text: le

text: cubisme

text: in

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: 's

text: ambition

text: had

text: been

text: to

text: translate

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: style

text: of

text: Cubism

text: to

text: architecture

text: Between

text: and

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: concentrated

text: his

text: efforts

text: on

text: Purist

text: theory

text: and

text: painting

text: In

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: and

text: his

text: cousin

text: Jeanneret

text: opened

text: a

text: studio

text: in

text: Paris

text: at

text: rue

text: de

text: Sèvres

text: His

text: theoretical

text: studies

text: soon

text: advanced

text: into

text: many

text: different

text: architectural

text: projects

question: The ideas of which Cubo Futurist influenced the avant-garde in architecture?

answer: Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

text: Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

question: The De Stijl movement took part in the aesthetic principles of what?

answer: Neo-plasticism

text: Neo-plasticism

question: Who developed Neo Plasticism?

answer: Piet Mondrian

text: Piet Mondrian

question: Who linked De Stijl to Cubist theory?

answer: Gino Severini

text: Gino Severini

question: Who did Le Corbusier open his Paris studio with in 1922?

answer: his cousin Jeanneret

text: his cousin Jeanneret