text: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Strasbourg

text: also

text: offers

text: high

text: class

text: eclecticist

text: buildings

text: in

text: its

text: very

text: extended

text: German

text: district

text: the

text: Neustadt

text: being

text: the

text: main

text: memory

text: of

text: Wilhelmian

text: architecture

text: since

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: in

text: Germany

text: proper

text: suffered

text: intensive

text: damage

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Streets

text: boulevards

text: and

text: avenues

text: are

text: homogeneous

text: surprisingly

text: high

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: stories

text: and

text: broad

text: examples

text: of

text: German

text: urban

text: lay

text: out

text: and

text: of

text: this

text: architectural

text: style

text: that

text: summons

text: and

text: mixes

text: up

text: five

text: centuries

text: of

text: European

text: architecture

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Neo

text: Egyptian

text: Neo

text: Greek

text: and

text: Neo

text: Babylonian

text: styles

text: The

text: former

text: imperial

text: palace

text: Palais

text: du

text: Rhin

text: the

text: most

text: political

text: and

text: thus

text: heavily

text: criticized

text: of

text: all

text: German

text: Strasbourg

text: buildings

text: epitomizes

text: the

text: grand

text: scale

text: and

text: stylistic

text: sturdiness

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: But

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: handsome

text: and

text: ornate

text: buildings

text: of

text: these

text: times

text: are

text: the

text: École

text: internationale

text: des

text: Pontonniers

text: the

text: former

text: Höhere

text: Mädchenschule

text: girls

text: college

text: with

text: its

text: towers

text: turrets

text: and

text: multiple

text: round

text: and

text: square

text: angles

text: and

text: the

text: École

text: des

text: Arts

text: décoratifs

text: with

text: its

text: lavishly

text: ornate

text: façade

text: of

text: painted

text: bricks

text: woodwork

text: and

text: majolica

question: What kind of high class building does Strasbourg offer?

answer: eclecticist

text: eclecticist

question: What war caused severe damage to Germany?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What was the former imperial palace called?

answer: Palais du Rhin

text: Palais du Rhin

question: What was the former girls college called?

answer: Höhere Mädchenschule

text: Höhere Mädchenschule

question: How high were some of the buildings in urban Germany?

answer: seven stories

text: seven stories


text: iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: iPods

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: for

text: alleged

text: short

text: life

text: span

text: and

text: fragile

text: hard

text: drives

text: A

text: survey

text: conducted

text: on

text: the

text: MacInTouch

text: website

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: had

text: an

text: average

text: failure

text: rate

text: of

text: although

text: they

text: note

text: that

text: comments

text: from

text: respondents

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: true

text: iPod

text: failure

text: rate

text: may

text: be

text: lower

text: than

text: it

text: appears

text: It

text: concluded

text: that

text: some

text: models

text: were

text: more

text: durable

text: than

text: others

text: In

text: particular

text: failure

text: rates

text: for

text: iPods

text: employing

text: hard

text: drives

text: was

text: usually

text: above

text: while

text: those

text: with

text: flash

text: memory

text: had

text: a

text: failure

text: rate

text: below

text: In

text: late

text: many

text: users

text: complained

text: that

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

text: can

text: become

text: scratched

text: easily

text: rendering

text: the

text: screen

text: unusable

text: A

text: class

text: action

text: lawsuit

text: was

text: also

text: filed

text: Apple

text: initially

text: considered

text: the

text: issue

text: a

text: minor

text: defect

text: but

text: later

text: began

text: shipping

text: these

text: iPods

text: with

text: protective

text: sleeves.[citation

text: needed

question: What are two subjects of criticism of iPods?

answer: short life-span and fragile hard drives

text: short life-span and fragile hard drives

question: What website ran a survey to learn how often iPods ceased working?

answer: MacInTouch

text: MacInTouch

question: How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey?

answer: 13.7%

question: When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?

answer: late 2005

text: late 2005

question: What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?

answer: protective sleeves

text: protective sleeves

question: Which type of iPod storage proved more reliable than hard drive storage?

answer: flash memory

text: flash memory

question: The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?

answer: screen

text: screen


text: The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: The

text: president

text: as

text: noted

text: above

text: appoints

text: judges

text: with

text: the

text: Senate

text: 's

text: advice

text: and

text: consent

text: He

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: issue

text: pardons

text: and

text: reprieves

text: Such

text: pardons

text: are

text: not

text: subject

text: to

text: confirmation

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: or

text: the

text: Senate

text: or

text: even

text: to

text: acceptance

text: by

text: the

text: recipient

question: Who has the power to issue a pardon?

answer: The president

text: The president

question: Who has the power to issue a reprieve?

answer: The president

text: The president


text: Athanasius recounts being a student, as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great (tenth) and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome.[citation needed] This persecution was most severe in the East, particularly in Egypt and Palestine. Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution, and may have been one of those teachers. His successor as bishop of Alexandria, Alexander of Alexandria (312–328) was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius. According to Sozomen, Bishop Alexander "invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary. He had been well educated, and was versed in grammar and rhetoric, and had already, while still a young man, and before reaching the episcopate, given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen". Athanasius's earliest work, Against the Heathen – On the Incarnation (written before 319), bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought (such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle's Organon) but in an orthodox way. Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools, and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism. Ultimately, Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the "entirely allegorical interpretation of the text". Still, in later works, Athanasius quotes Homer more than once (Hist. Ar. 68, Orat. iv. 29). In his letter to Emperor Constantius, he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Athanasius

text: recounts

text: being

text: a

text: student

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: educated

text: by

text: the

text: Martyrs

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: tenth

text: and

text: last

text: persecution

text: of

text: Christianity

text: by

text: pagan

text: Rome.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: persecution

text: was

text: most

text: severe

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: particularly

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Palestine

text: Peter

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: the

text: archbishop

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: was

text: martyred

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: closing

text: days

text: of

text: that

text: persecution

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: teachers

text: His

text: successor

text: as

text: bishop

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: Alexander

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: was

text: an

text: Origenist

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: documented

text: mentor

text: of

text: Athanasius

text: According

text: to

text: Sozomen

text: Bishop

text: Alexander

text: invited

text: Athanasius

text: to

text: be

text: his

text: commensal

text: and

text: secretary

text: He

text: had

text: been

text: well

text: educated

text: and

text: was

text: versed

text: in

text: grammar

text: and

text: rhetoric

text: and

text: had

text: already

text: while

text: still

text: a

text: young

text: man

text: and

text: before

text: reaching

text: the

text: episcopate

text: given

text: proof

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: dwelt

text: with

text: him

text: of

text: his

text: wisdom

text: and

text: acumen

text: Athanasius

text: 's

text: earliest

text: work

text: Against

text: the

text: Heathen

text: On

text: the

text: Incarnation

text: written

text: before

text: bears

text: traces

text: of

text: Origenist

text: Alexandrian

text: thought

text: such

text: as

text: repeatedly

text: quoting

text: Plato

text: and

text: used

text: a

text: definition

text: from

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Organon

text: but

text: in

text: an

text: orthodox

text: way

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: also

text: familiar

text: with

text: the

text: theories

text: of

text: various

text: philosophical

text: schools

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: with

text: the

text: developments

text: of

text: Neo

text: Platonism

text: Ultimately

text: Athanasius

text: would

text: modify

text: the

text: philosophical

text: thought

text: of

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: Origenist

text: principles

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: entirely

text: allegorical

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: text

text: Still

text: in

text: later

text: works

text: Athanasius

text: quotes

text: Homer

text: more

text: than

text: once

text: Hist

text: Ar

text: Orat

text: iv

text: In

text: his

text: letter

text: to

text: Emperor

text: Constantius

text: he

text: presents

text: a

text: defense

text: of

text: himself

text: bearing

text: unmistakable

text: traces

text: of

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: Demosthenes

text: de

text: Corona

question: Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?

answer: in the East

text: in the East

question: What famous Greek author did Athanasius  quote?

answer: Homer

text: Homer

question: In what year was Peter of Alexandria martyred?

answer: in 311

text: in 311

question: Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?

answer: Peter of Alexandria

text: Peter of Alexandria

question: What suggests that Athanasius was familiar with ancient Greek philosophers?

answer: quoting Plato

text: quoting Plato


text: World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, although work is still ongoing as of 2010[update]. The complex is composed of three towers, two three-story buildings called World Trade Center Plaza and World Trade Center Avenue and a large central square called Towers Square. World Trade Center 1 was the first building to be inaugurated, in 1998.[citation needed] It has 22 floors and 17,100 square metres of space. That same year the avenue and the auditorium were raised. World Trade Center 2 was inaugurated in 2002, a twin tower of World Trade Center 1. Finally, in 2009, World Trade Center 3 and the World Trade Center Plaza and the Towers Square were inaugurated. It is located between the avenues Luis Alberto de Herrera and 26 de Marzo and has 19 floors and 27,000 square metres (290,000 sq ft) of space. The 6,300-square-metre (68,000 sq ft)[citation needed] World Trade Center Plaza is designed to be a centre of gastronomy opposite Towers Square and Bonavita St. Among the establishments on the plaza are Burger King, Walrus, Bamboo, Asia de Cuba, Gardenia Mvd, and La Claraboya Cafe.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Montevideo

text: officially

text: opened

text: in

text: although

text: work

text: is

text: still

text: ongoing

text: as

text: of

text: The

text: complex

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: three

text: towers

text: two

text: three

text: story

text: buildings

text: called

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Plaza

text: and

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Avenue

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: central

text: square

text: called

text: Towers

text: Square

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: building

text: to

text: be

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: needed

text: It

text: has

text: floors

text: and

text: square

text: metres

text: of

text: space

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: avenue

text: and

text: the

text: auditorium

text: were

text: raised

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: a

text: twin

text: tower

text: of

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Finally

text: in

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Plaza

text: and

text: the

text: Towers

text: Square

text: were

text: inaugurated

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: avenues

text: Luis

text: Alberto

text: de

text: Herrera

text: and

text: de

text: Marzo

text: and

text: has

text: floors

text: and

text: square

text: metres

text: sq

text: ft

text: of

text: space

text: The

text: metre

text: sq

text: ft)[citation

text: needed

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Plaza

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: gastronomy

text: opposite

text: Towers

text: Square

text: and

text: Bonavita

text: St.

text: Among

text: the

text: establishments

text: on

text: the

text: plaza

text: are

text: Burger

text: King

text: Walrus

text: Bamboo

text: Asia

text: de

text: Cuba

text: Gardenia

text: Mvd

text: and

text: La

text: Claraboya

text: Cafe

question: When did World Trade Center Montevideo officially open?

answer: 1998

question: What was the first building to be inaugurated?

answer: World Trade Center 1

text: World Trade Center 1

question: When was World Trade Center 2 inaugurated?

answer: 2002

question: When was World Trade Center 3 inaugurated?

answer: 2009


text: Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Illustrated

text: humour

text: periodicals

text: were

text: popular

text: in

text: century

text: Britain

text: the

text: earliest

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: The

text: Glasgow

text: Looking

text: Glass

text: in

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: was

text: Punch

text: which

text: popularized

text: the

text: term

text: cartoon

text: for

text: its

text: humorous

text: caricatures

text: On

text: occasion

text: the

text: cartoons

text: in

text: these

text: magazines

text: appeared

text: in

text: sequences

text: the

text: character

text: Ally

text: Sloper

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: serialized

text: comic

text: strip

text: when

text: the

text: character

text: began

text: to

text: feature

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: weekly

text: magazine

text: in

question: What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century?

answer: The Glasgow Looking Glass

text: The Glasgow Looking Glass

question: When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?

answer: 1825

question: In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical?

answer: Punch

text: Punch

question: Which comic character was the first to appear in a weekly magazine?

answer: Ally Sloper

text: Ally Sloper

question: When did Ally Sloper first appear?

answer: 1884


text: The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment. Developments in the Industrial Revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices, encouraging the spread of books, pamphlets, newspapers and journals – "media of the transmission of ideas and attitudes". Commercial development likewise increased the demand for information, along with rising populations and increased urbanisation. However, demand for reading material extended outside of the realm of the commercial, and outside the realm of the upper and middle classes, as evidenced by the Bibliothèque Bleue. Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century. Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: increased

text: consumption

text: of

text: reading

text: materials

text: of

text: all

text: sorts

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: key

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: Enlightenment

text: Developments

text: in

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: allowed

text: consumer

text: goods

text: to

text: be

text: produced

text: in

text: greater

text: quantities

text: at

text: lower

text: prices

text: encouraging

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: books

text: pamphlets

text: newspapers

text: and

text: journals

text: media

text: of

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: attitudes

text: Commercial

text: development

text: likewise

text: increased

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: information

text: along

text: with

text: rising

text: populations

text: and

text: increased

text: urbanisation

text: However

text: demand

text: for

text: reading

text: material

text: extended

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: the

text: commercial

text: and

text: outside

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: classes

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: the

text: Bibliothèque

text: Bleue

text: Literacy

text: rates

text: are

text: difficult

text: to

text: gauge

text: but

text: in

text: France

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: rates

text: doubled

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Reflecting

text: the

text: decreasing

text: influence

text: of

text: religion

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: books

text: about

text: science

text: and

text: art

text: published

text: in

text: Paris

text: doubled

text: from

text: to

text: while

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: books

text: about

text: religion

text: dropped

text: to

text: just

text: one

text: tenth

text: of

text: the

text: total

question: The increased consumption of what type of material was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment?

answer: reading materials

text: reading materials

question: Developments in which revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices?

answer: the Industrial Revolution

text: the Industrial Revolution

question: In additional to rising populations and increased urbanisation, what else did Commercial development increase the need for?

answer: demand for information

text: demand for information

question: In what country did literacy rates double over the course of the 18th century?

answer: France

text: France

question: The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage?

answer: just one-tenth of the total

text: just one-tenth of the total


text: The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church. There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe; but schisms still far outnumber unifications. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement, has been the move to form united churches, such as the Church of South India, the Church of North India, the US-based United Church of Christ, the United Church of Canada, the Uniting Church in Australia and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines which have rapidly declining memberships. There has been a strong engagement of Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement, though the reaction of individual Orthodox theologians has ranged from tentative approval of the aim of Christian unity to outright condemnation of the perceived effect of watering down Orthodox doctrine.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: ecumenical

text: movement

text: has

text: had

text: an

text: influence

text: on

text: mainline

text: churches

text: beginning

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Edinburgh

text: Missionary

text: Conference

text: Its

text: origins

text: lay

text: in

text: the

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: cooperation

text: on

text: the

text: mission

text: field

text: in

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: and

text: Oceania

text: Since

text: the

text: World

text: Council

text: of

text: Churches

text: has

text: been

text: influential

text: but

text: ineffective

text: in

text: creating

text: a

text: united

text: church

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: ecumenical

text: bodies

text: at

text: regional

text: national

text: and

text: local

text: levels

text: across

text: the

text: globe

text: but

text: schisms

text: still

text: far

text: outnumber

text: unifications

text: One

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: ecumenical

text: movement

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: move

text: to

text: form

text: united

text: churches

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: South

text: India

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: North

text: India

text: the

text: US

text: based

text: United

text: Church

text: of

text: Christ

text: the

text: United

text: Church

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: Uniting

text: Church

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Church

text: of

text: Christ

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: which

text: have

text: rapidly

text: declining

text: memberships

text: There

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: strong

text: engagement

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: churches

text: in

text: the

text: ecumenical

text: movement

text: though

text: the

text: reaction

text: of

text: individual

text: Orthodox

text: theologians

text: has

text: ranged

text: from

text: tentative

text: approval

text: of

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: Christian

text: unity

text: to

text: outright

text: condemnation

text: of

text: the

text: perceived

text: effect

text: of

text: watering

text: down

text: Orthodox

text: doctrine

question: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948?

answer: the World Council of Churches

text: the World Council of Churches

question: What conference was held in 1910?

answer: the Edinburgh Missionary Conference

text: the Edinburgh Missionary Conference

question: What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement?

answer: Orthodox

text: Orthodox

question: What have Orthodox churches condemned the perception of?

answer: watering down Orthodox doctrine

text: watering down Orthodox doctrine

question: What types of churches have had rapidly declining memberships?

answer: united churches

text: united churches


text: As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. At an early age, however, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, which he left at age 15, completing only the first four forms. His school record was undistinguished, marked by absenteeism and lacklustre grades. His main interest remained in the sciences, especially biology, while he treated other school subjects with indifference, to the dismay of his demanding father. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself. At age 16, Bell secured a position as a "pupil-teacher" of elocution and music, in Weston House Academy, at Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Although he was enrolled as a student in Latin and Greek, he instructed classes himself in return for board and £10 per session. The following year, he attended the University of Edinburgh; joining his older brother Melville who had enrolled there the previous year. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to the University of London.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: As

text: a

text: young

text: child

text: Bell

text: like

text: his

text: brothers

text: received

text: his

text: early

text: schooling

text: at

text: home

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: At

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: however

text: he

text: was

text: enrolled

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: High

text: School

text: Edinburgh

text: Scotland

text: which

text: he

text: left

text: at

text: age

text: completing

text: only

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: forms

text: His

text: school

text: record

text: was

text: undistinguished

text: marked

text: by

text: absenteeism

text: and

text: lacklustre

text: grades

text: His

text: main

text: interest

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: sciences

text: especially

text: biology

text: while

text: he

text: treated

text: other

text: school

text: subjects

text: with

text: indifference

text: to

text: the

text: dismay

text: of

text: his

text: demanding

text: father

text: Upon

text: leaving

text: school

text: Bell

text: travelled

text: to

text: London

text: to

text: live

text: with

text: his

text: grandfather

text: Alexander

text: Bell

text: During

text: the

text: year

text: he

text: spent

text: with

text: his

text: grandfather

text: a

text: love

text: of

text: learning

text: was

text: born

text: with

text: long

text: hours

text: spent

text: in

text: serious

text: discussion

text: and

text: study

text: The

text: elder

text: Bell

text: took

text: great

text: efforts

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: young

text: pupil

text: learn

text: to

text: speak

text: clearly

text: and

text: with

text: conviction

text: the

text: attributes

text: that

text: his

text: pupil

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: teacher

text: himself

text: At

text: age

text: Bell

text: secured

text: a

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: pupil

text: teacher

text: of

text: elocution

text: and

text: music

text: in

text: Weston

text: House

text: Academy

text: at

text: Elgin

text: Moray

text: Scotland

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: enrolled

text: as

text: a

text: student

text: in

text: Latin

text: and

text: Greek

text: he

text: instructed

text: classes

text: himself

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: board

text: and

text: per

text: session

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: he

text: attended

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: joining

text: his

text: older

text: brother

text: Melville

text: who

text: had

text: enrolled

text: there

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: In

text: not

text: long

text: before

text: he

text: departed

text: for

text: Canada

text: with

text: his

text: family

text: Bell

text: completed

text: his

text: matriculation

text: exams

text: and

text: was

text: accepted

text: for

text: admission

text: to

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: London

question: Who taught Bell when he was very young?

answer: father

text: father

question: What school did Bell leave at 15?

answer: Royal High School

text: Royal High School

question: What was Bell's favorite subject?

answer: biology

text: biology

question: How old was Bell when he became a "pupil-teacher"?

answer: 16


text: Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African Rand, subsuming Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union, which may equal as much as 70% of government revenue this year, and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. Swaziland is not poor enough to merit an IMF program; however, the country is struggling to reduce the size of the civil service and control costs at public enterprises. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign direct investment.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: Swaziland

text: 's

text: currency

text: is

text: pegged

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: Rand

text: subsuming

text: Swaziland

text: 's

text: monetary

text: policy

text: to

text: South

text: Africa

text: Customs

text: duties

text: from

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Customs

text: Union

text: which

text: may

text: equal

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: of

text: government

text: revenue

text: this

text: year

text: and

text: worker

text: remittances

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: substantially

text: supplement

text: domestically

text: earned

text: income

text: Swaziland

text: is

text: not

text: poor

text: enough

text: to

text: merit

text: an

text: IMF

text: program

text: however

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: struggling

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: and

text: control

text: costs

text: at

text: public

text: enterprises

text: The

text: government

text: is

text: trying

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: for

text: foreign

text: direct

text: investment

question: What currency is Swaziland bound to?

answer: South African Rand

text: South African Rand

question: Which nation does Swazi defer to when it comes to monetary policy?

answer: South Africa

text: South Africa

question: Duties from customs represent what amount of Swaziland government revenue?

answer: as much as 70%

text: as much as 70%

question: From where does Swaziland get customs revenue?

answer: Southern African Customs Union

text: Southern African Customs Union


text: Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution."

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Many

text: teachers

text: at

text: Sabha

text: were

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Gaddafi

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: pan

text: Arab

text: newspapers

text: and

text: radio

text: broadcasts

text: most

text: notably

text: the

text: Cairo

text: based

text: Voice

text: of

text: the

text: Arabs

text: Growing

text: up

text: Gaddafi

text: witnessed

text: significant

text: events

text: rock

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: including

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: War

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Revolution

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: between

text: and

text: Gaddafi

text: admired

text: the

text: political

text: changes

text: implemented

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: under

text: his

text: hero

text: President

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: Nasser

text: argued

text: for

text: Arab

text: nationalism

text: the

text: rejection

text: of

text: Western

text: colonialism

text: neo

text: colonialism

text: and

text: Zionism

text: and

text: a

text: transition

text: from

text: capitalism

text: to

text: socialism

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: book

text: Philosophy

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: was

text: a

text: key

text: influence

text: on

text: Gaddafi

text: outlining

text: how

text: to

text: initiate

text: a

text: coup

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: inspiration

text: and

text: blueprint

text: of

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: revolution

question: What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt?

answer: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism

text: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism

question: What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi?

answer: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser

text: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser

question: What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?

answer: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution

text: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution

question: Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life.

answer: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961

text: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961

question: What political ideology did Nasser implement?

answer: transition from capitalism to socialism

text: transition from capitalism to socialism

question: What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha?

answer: Egyptian

text: Egyptian

question: When did the United Arab Republic end?

answer: 1961

question: What notable event occurred in 1952?

answer: Egyptian Revolution

text: Egyptian Revolution

question: From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast?

answer: Cairo

text: Cairo

question: What political leader did Gaddafi greatly admire?

answer: Nasser

text: Nasser


text: Ibn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by fire not long after, the enemies of Ibn Sina accused him of burning it, in order for ever to conceal the sources of his knowledge. Meanwhile, he assisted his father in his financial labors, but still found time to write some of his earliest works.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: 's

text: first

text: appointment

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: physician

text: to

text: the

text: emir

text: Nuh

text: II

text: who

text: owed

text: him

text: his

text: recovery

text: from

text: a

text: dangerous

text: illness

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: 's

text: chief

text: reward

text: for

text: this

text: service

text: was

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: library

text: of

text: the

text: Samanids

text: well

text: known

text: patrons

text: of

text: scholarship

text: and

text: scholars

text: When

text: the

text: library

text: was

text: destroyed

text: by

text: fire

text: not

text: long

text: after

text: the

text: enemies

text: of

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: accused

text: him

text: of

text: burning

text: it

text: in

text: order

text: for

text: ever

text: to

text: conceal

text: the

text: sources

text: of

text: his

text: knowledge

text: Meanwhile

text: he

text: assisted

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: his

text: financial

text: labors

text: but

text: still

text: found

text: time

text: to

text: write

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: earliest

text: works

question: Who was Ibn Sina's first appontment?

answer: the emir, Nuh II

text: the emir, Nuh II

question: What did Ibn Sina receive as payment for helping the emir?

answer: access to the royal library of the Samanids

text: access to the royal library of the Samanids

question: Why did some accuse Ibn Sina of burning down the royal library?

answer: to conceal the sources of his knowledge

text: to conceal the sources of his knowledge

question: Who did Ibn Sina assist in his financial labors?

answer: his father

text: his father

question: What year did the emir Null II recover from his illness?

answer: 997


text: Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments).

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Sociologist

text: James

text: A.

text: Beckford

text: in

text: his

text: study

text: of

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: classified

text: the

text: religion

text: 's

text: organizational

text: structure

text: as

text: Totalizing

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: assertive

text: leadership

text: specific

text: and

text: narrow

text: objectives

text: control

text: over

text: competing

text: demands

text: on

text: members

text: time

text: and

text: energy

text: and

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: new

text: members

text: Other

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: classification

text: include

text: likelihood

text: of

text: friction

text: with

text: secular

text: authorities

text: reluctance

text: to

text: co

text: operate

text: with

text: other

text: religious

text: organizations

text: a

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: membership

text: turnover

text: a

text: low

text: rate

text: of

text: doctrinal

text: change

text: and

text: strict

text: uniformity

text: of

text: beliefs

text: among

text: members

text: Beckford

text: identified

text: the

text: religion

text: 's

text: chief

text: characteristics

text: as

text: historicism

text: identifying

text: historical

text: events

text: as

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: outworking

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: purpose

text: absolutism

text: conviction

text: that

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witness

text: leaders

text: dispense

text: absolute

text: truth

text: activism

text: capacity

text: to

text: motivate

text: members

text: to

text: perform

text: missionary

text: tasks

text: rationalism

text: conviction

text: that

text: Witness

text: doctrines

text: have

text: a

text: rational

text: basis

text: devoid

text: of

text: mystery

text: authoritarianism

text: rigid

text: presentation

text: of

text: regulations

text: without

text: the

text: opportunity

text: for

text: criticism

text: and

text: world

text: indifference

text: rejection

text: of

text: certain

text: secular

text: requirements

text: and

text: medical

text: treatments

question: What is the profession of James A. Beckford?

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

question: When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?

answer: 1975

question: What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being?

answer: Totalizing

text: Totalizing

question: What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?

answer: absolutism

text: absolutism

question: What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?

answer: world indifference

text: world indifference


text: One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC but also by western opponents of the European Defense Community (like French Gaullist leader Palewski) who perceived it as "unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective security system in Europe". The Soviets then decided to make a new proposal to the governments of the USA, UK and France stating to accept the participation of the USA in the proposed General European Agreement. And considering that another argument deployed against the Soviet proposal was that it was perceived by western powers as "directed against the North Atlantic Pact and its liquidation", the Soviets decided to declare their "readiness to examine jointly with other interested parties the question of the participation of the USSR in the North Atlantic bloc", specifying that "the admittance of the USA into the General European Agreement should not be conditional on the three western powers agreeing to the USSR joining the North Atlantic Pact".

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: One

text: month

text: later

text: the

text: proposed

text: European

text: Treaty

text: was

text: rejected

text: not

text: only

text: by

text: supporters

text: of

text: the

text: EDC

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: western

text: opponents

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Defense

text: Community

text: like

text: French

text: Gaullist

text: leader

text: Palewski

text: who

text: perceived

text: it

text: as

text: unacceptable

text: in

text: its

text: present

text: form

text: because

text: it

text: excludes

text: the

text: USA

text: from

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: collective

text: security

text: system

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Soviets

text: then

text: decided

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: new

text: proposal

text: to

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: UK

text: and

text: France

text: stating

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: in

text: the

text: proposed

text: General

text: European

text: Agreement

text: And

text: considering

text: that

text: another

text: argument

text: deployed

text: against

text: the

text: Soviet

text: proposal

text: was

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: perceived

text: by

text: western

text: powers

text: as

text: directed

text: against

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Pact

text: and

text: its

text: liquidation

text: the

text: Soviets

text: decided

text: to

text: declare

text: their

text: readiness

text: to

text: examine

text: jointly

text: with

text: other

text: interested

text: parties

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: bloc

text: specifying

text: that

text: the

text: admittance

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: into

text: the

text: General

text: European

text: Agreement

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: conditional

text: on

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: powers

text: agreeing

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: joining

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Pact

question: The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?

answer: the USA

text: the USA


text: The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each. A horizontal dipole radiates in two lobes perpendicular to the antenna's axis. A half-wave dipole the most common type, has two collinear elements each a quarter wavelength long and a gain of 2.15 dBi. Used individually as low gain antennas, dipoles are also used as driven elements in many more complicated higher gain types of antennas.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: class

text: of

text: antenna

text: a

text: dipole

text: antenna

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: symmetrical

text: radiators

text: such

text: as

text: metal

text: rods

text: or

text: wires

text: with

text: one

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: balanced

text: feedline

text: from

text: the

text: transmitter

text: or

text: receiver

text: attached

text: to

text: each

text: A

text: horizontal

text: dipole

text: radiates

text: in

text: two

text: lobes

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: axis

text: A

text: half

text: wave

text: dipole

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: type

text: has

text: two

text: collinear

text: elements

text: each

text: a

text: quarter

text: wavelength

text: long

text: and

text: a

text: gain

text: of

text: dBi

text: Used

text: individually

text: as

text: low

text: gain

text: antennas

text: dipoles

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: driven

text: elements

text: in

text: many

text: more

text: complicated

text: higher

text: gain

text: types

text: of

text: antennas

question: What is the most widley used antenna class?

answer: dipole antenna

text: dipole antenna

question: What radiates two lobes perpendicular to the antennas axis?

answer: horizontal dipole

text: horizontal dipole

question: Besides low gain antennas, what is also used as driven elements in complicated higher gain types of antennas?

answer: dipoles

text: dipoles

question: How much gain does a half-wave dipole have?

answer: 2.15 dBi

text: 2.15 dBi


text: Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements. Dogs will healthily digest a variety of foods, including vegetables and grains, and can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. Comparing dogs and wolves, dogs have adaptations in genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Despite

text: their

text: descent

text: from

text: wolves

text: and

text: classification

text: as

text: Carnivora

text: dogs

text: are

text: variously

text: described

text: in

text: scholarly

text: and

text: other

text: writings

text: as

text: carnivores

text: or

text: omnivores

text: Unlike

text: obligate

text: carnivores

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: cat

text: family

text: with

text: its

text: shorter

text: small

text: intestine

text: dogs

text: can

text: adapt

text: to

text: a

text: wide

text: ranging

text: diet

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: dependent

text: on

text: meat

text: specific

text: protein

text: nor

text: a

text: very

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: protein

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: fulfill

text: their

text: basic

text: dietary

text: requirements

text: Dogs

text: will

text: healthily

text: digest

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: foods

text: including

text: vegetables

text: and

text: grains

text: and

text: can

text: consume

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: these

text: in

text: their

text: diet

text: Comparing

text: dogs

text: and

text: wolves

text: dogs

text: have

text: adaptations

text: in

text: genes

text: involved

text: in

text: starch

text: digestion

text: that

text: contribute

text: to

text: an

text: increased

text: ability

text: to

text: thrive

text: on

text: a

text: starch

text: rich

text: diet

question: Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?

answer: omnivores

text: omnivores

question: Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?

answer: vegetables and grains

text: vegetables and grains

question: Cats are known as what type of carnivore?

answer: obligate

text: obligate

question: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?

answer: carnivores or omnivores

text: carnivores or omnivores

question: Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?

answer: protein

text: protein

question: Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?

answer: starch

text: starch


text: There is a sizable Somali community in the United Arab Emirates. Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large. Internet cafés, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants and import-export businesses are all testimony to the Somalis' entrepreneurial spirit. Star African Air is also one of three Somali-owned airlines which are based in Dubai.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: sizable

text: Somali

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: Somali

text: owned

text: businesses

text: line

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Deira

text: the

text: Dubai

text: city

text: centre

text: with

text: only

text: Iranians

text: exporting

text: more

text: products

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: at

text: large

text: Internet

text: cafés

text: hotels

text: coffee

text: shops

text: restaurants

text: and

text: import

text: export

text: businesses

text: are

text: all

text: testimony

text: to

text: the

text: Somalis

text: entrepreneurial

text: spirit

text: Star

text: African

text: Air

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: Somali

text: owned

text: airlines

text: which

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: Dubai

question: In what Middle Eastern country is there a notable Somali population?

answer: the United Arab Emirates

text: the United Arab Emirates

question: What is another name for the city center of Dubai?

answer: Deira

text: Deira

question: People of what nationality export more products from Dubai than Somalis?

answer: Iranians

text: Iranians

question: What is the name of an airline owned by Dubai-based Somalis?

answer: Star African Air

text: Star African Air

question: How many Dubai-based airlines are owned by Somalis?

answer: three

text: three


text: The racial preferences debate related to admission to US colleges and universities reflects competing notions of the mission of colleges: "To what extent should they pursue scholarly excellence, to what extent civic goods, and how should these purposes be balanced?". Scholars such as Ronald Dworkin have asserted that no college applicant has a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities. In this view, admission is not an honor bestowed to reward superior merit but rather a way to advance the mission as each university defines it. If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate against applicants based on hatred or contempt, then affirmative action can be judged acceptable based on the criteria related to the mission the university sets for itself.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: racial

text: preferences

text: debate

text: related

text: to

text: admission

text: to

text: US

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: reflects

text: competing

text: notions

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: of

text: colleges

text: To

text: what

text: extent

text: should

text: they

text: pursue

text: scholarly

text: excellence

text: to

text: what

text: extent

text: civic

text: goods

text: and

text: how

text: should

text: these

text: purposes

text: be

text: balanced

text: Scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Ronald

text: Dworkin

text: have

text: asserted

text: that

text: no

text: college

text: applicant

text: has

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: expect

text: that

text: a

text: university

text: will

text: design

text: its

text: admissions

text: policies

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: prizes

text: any

text: particular

text: set

text: of

text: qualities

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: admission

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: honor

text: bestowed

text: to

text: reward

text: superior

text: merit

text: but

text: rather

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: mission

text: as

text: each

text: university

text: defines

text: it

text: If

text: diversity

text: is

text: a

text: goal

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: their

text: racial

text: preferences

text: do

text: not

text: discriminate

text: against

text: applicants

text: based

text: on

text: hatred

text: or

text: contempt

text: then

text: affirmative

text: action

text: can

text: be

text: judged

text: acceptable

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: criteria

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: mission

text: the

text: university

text: sets

text: for

text: itself

question: What does the racial preferences debate indicate about universities and colleges?

answer: competing notions of the mission of colleges

text: competing notions of the mission of colleges

question: What claim did Ronald Dworkin make about the expectations that a college application should not have?

answer: a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities

text: a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities

question: What does Ronald Dworkin believe admission should represent?

answer: a way to advance the mission as each university defines it

text: a way to advance the mission as each university defines it

question: When can affirmative action be judged to be acceptable in terms of admissions?

answer: If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate

text: If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate


text: In 1 April 2012 by-elections the NLD won 43 of the 45 available seats; previously an illegal organisation, the NLD had never won a Burmese election until this time. The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar. Following announcement of the by-elections, the Freedom House organisation raised concerns about "reports of fraud and harassment in the lead up to elections, including the March 23 deportation of Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL), a regional network of civil society organisations promoting democratization." However, uncertainties exist as some other political prisoners have not been released and clashes between Burmese troops and local insurgent groups continue.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: April

text: by

text: elections

text: the

text: NLD

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: seats

text: previously

text: an

text: illegal

text: organisation

text: the

text: NLD

text: had

text: never

text: won

text: a

text: Burmese

text: election

text: until

text: this

text: time

text: The

text: by

text: elections

text: were

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: international

text: representatives

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: monitor

text: the

text: voting

text: process

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: Following

text: announcement

text: of

text: the

text: by

text: elections

text: the

text: Freedom

text: House

text: organisation

text: raised

text: concerns

text: about

text: reports

text: of

text: fraud

text: and

text: harassment

text: in

text: the

text: lead

text: up

text: to

text: elections

text: including

text: the

text: March

text: deportation

text: of

text: Somsri

text: Hananuntasuk

text: executive

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: Network

text: for

text: Free

text: Elections

text: ANFREL

text: a

text: regional

text: network

text: of

text: civil

text: society

text: organisations

text: promoting

text: democratization

text: However

text: uncertainties

text: exist

text: as

text: some

text: other

text: political

text: prisoners

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: released

text: and

text: clashes

text: between

text: Burmese

text: troops

text: and

text: local

text: insurgent

text: groups

text: continue

question: Who raised concerns of fraud in the elections held in the Burma 2012 elections ?

answer: the Freedom House organisation raised concerns

text: the Freedom House organisation raised concerns

question: Did all of the political prisoners obtain freedom due to the election in Burma of 2012 ?

answer: some other political prisoners have not been released

text: some other political prisoners have not been released

question: Who was expelled from Myanmar before the elections of 2012 and what position did they hold ?

answer: Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL)

text: Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL)

question: Are international monitors used in the elections of Burma ?

answer: The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar

text: The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar

question: Does the political party of Aung San Suu Ky hold any positions among the ruling faction ?

answer: 43 of the 45 available seats

text: 43 of the 45 available seats


text: Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intelligence: adolescents do not improve substantially on IQ tests since their scores are relative to others in their same age group, and relative standing usually does not change—everyone matures at approximately the same rate in this way.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Wisdom

text: or

text: the

text: capacity

text: for

text: insight

text: and

text: judgment

text: that

text: is

text: developed

text: through

text: experience

text: increases

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: fourteen

text: and

text: twenty

text: five

text: then

text: levels

text: off

text: Thus

text: it

text: is

text: during

text: the

text: adolescence

text: adulthood

text: transition

text: that

text: individuals

text: acquire

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: wisdom

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: age

text: Wisdom

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: intelligence

text: adolescents

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: substantially

text: on

text: IQ

text: tests

text: since

text: their

text: scores

text: are

text: relative

text: to

text: others

text: in

text: their

text: same

text: age

text: group

text: and

text: relative

text: standing

text: usually

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: everyone

text: matures

text: at

text: approximately

text: the

text: same

text: rate

text: in

text: this

text: way

question: How is wisdom defined?

answer: capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience

text: capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience

question: Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what?

answer: twenty-five

text: twenty-five

question: Is wisdom the same thing as intelligence?

answer: not

text: not

question: Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups?

answer: not

text: not

question: What word is defined as the capacity for insight and judgement that is developed through experience?

answer: Wisdom

text: Wisdom


text: What drove circadian rhythms to evolve has been an enigmatic question. Previous hypotheses emphasized that photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms may have originated together in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting replicating DNA from high levels of damaging ultraviolet radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. However, evidence for this is lacking, since the simplest organisms with a circadian rhythm, the cyanobacteria, do the opposite of this - they divide more in the daytime. Recent studies instead highlight the importance of co-evolution of redox proteins with circadian oscillators in all three kingdoms of life following the Great Oxidation Event approximately 2.3 billion years ago. The current view is that circadian changes in environmental oxygen levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of daylight are likely to have driven a need to evolve circadian rhythms to preempt, and therefore counteract, damaging redox reactions on a daily basis.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: What

text: drove

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: to

text: evolve

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: enigmatic

text: question

text: Previous

text: hypotheses

text: emphasized

text: that

text: photosensitive

text: proteins

text: and

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: may

text: have

text: originated

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: cells

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: protecting

text: replicating

text: DNA

text: from

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: damaging

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation

text: during

text: the

text: daytime

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: replication

text: was

text: relegated

text: to

text: the

text: dark

text: However

text: evidence

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: lacking

text: since

text: the

text: simplest

text: organisms

text: with

text: a

text: circadian

text: rhythm

text: the

text: cyanobacteria

text: do

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: this

text: they

text: divide

text: more

text: in

text: the

text: daytime

text: Recent

text: studies

text: instead

text: highlight

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: co

text: evolution

text: of

text: redox

text: proteins

text: with

text: circadian

text: oscillators

text: in

text: all

text: three

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: life

text: following

text: the

text: Great

text: Oxidation

text: Event

text: approximately

text: billion

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: current

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: circadian

text: changes

text: in

text: environmental

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: reactive

text: oxygen

text: species

text: ROS

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: daylight

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: have

text: driven

text: a

text: need

text: to

text: evolve

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: to

text: preempt

text: and

text: therefore

text: counteract

text: damaging

text: redox

text: reactions

text: on

text: a

text: daily

text: basis

question: What is theorized to have evolved with circadian rhythms?

answer: photosensitive proteins

text: photosensitive proteins

question: What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect?

answer: replicating DNA

text: replicating DNA

question: From what did  DNA need to be protected in the earliest cells?

answer: ultraviolet radiation

text: ultraviolet radiation

question: One possible reason for the development of the circadian system is the need to counteract what ?

answer: redox reactions

text: redox reactions

question: What environmental event occurred 2.3 million years ago?

answer: Great Oxidation Event

text: Great Oxidation Event


text: The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance. If any single corps was attacked, the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help. Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops, rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale. As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war. Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army, the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, fought on 14 October, the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties. With several major commanders dead or incapacitated, the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army, which began to quickly disintegrate. In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the "peak of Napoleonic warfare," according to historian Richard Brooks, the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers, over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons, all in a single month. Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces: "Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered." Despite their overwhelming defeat, the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: initial

text: military

text: maneuvers

text: began

text: in

text: September

text: In

text: a

text: notable

text: letter

text: to

text: Marshal

text: Soult

text: detailing

text: the

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: campaign

text: Napoleon

text: described

text: the

text: essential

text: features

text: of

text: Napoleonic

text: warfare

text: and

text: introduced

text: the

text: phrase

text: le

text: bataillon

text: carré

text: square

text: battalion

text: In

text: the

text: bataillon

text: carré

text: system

text: the

text: various

text: corps

text: of

text: the

text: Grande

text: Armée

text: would

text: march

text: uniformly

text: together

text: in

text: close

text: supporting

text: distance

text: If

text: any

text: single

text: corps

text: was

text: attacked

text: the

text: others

text: could

text: quickly

text: spring

text: into

text: action

text: and

text: arrive

text: to

text: help

text: Napoleon

text: invaded

text: Prussia

text: with

text: troops

text: rapidly

text: marching

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Saale

text: As

text: in

text: previous

text: campaigns

text: his

text: fundamental

text: objective

text: was

text: to

text: destroy

text: one

text: opponent

text: before

text: reinforcements

text: from

text: another

text: could

text: tip

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Upon

text: learning

text: the

text: whereabouts

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: army

text: the

text: French

text: swung

text: westwards

text: and

text: crossed

text: the

text: Saale

text: with

text: overwhelming

text: force

text: At

text: the

text: twin

text: battles

text: of

text: Jena

text: and

text: Auerstedt

text: fought

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: French

text: convincingly

text: defeated

text: the

text: Prussians

text: and

text: inflicted

text: heavy

text: casualties

text: With

text: several

text: major

text: commanders

text: dead

text: or

text: incapacitated

text: the

text: Prussian

text: king

text: proved

text: incapable

text: of

text: effectively

text: commanding

text: the

text: army

text: which

text: began

text: to

text: quickly

text: disintegrate

text: In

text: a

text: vaunted

text: pursuit

text: that

text: epitomized

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: Napoleonic

text: warfare

text: according

text: to

text: historian

text: Richard

text: Brooks

text: the

text: French

text: managed

text: to

text: capture

text: soldiers

text: over

text: cannons

text: and

text: hundreds

text: of

text: ammunition

text: wagons

text: all

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: month

text: Historian

text: David

text: Chandler

text: wrote

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: forces

text: Never

text: has

text: the

text: morale

text: of

text: any

text: army

text: been

text: more

text: completely

text: shattered

text: Despite

text: their

text: overwhelming

text: defeat

text: the

text: Prussians

text: refused

text: to

text: negotiate

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: until

text: the

text: Russians

text: had

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: fight

question: How many troops did Napoleon use for the invasion of Prussia?

answer: 180,000

question: What river did the French cross to engage the Prussian army?

answer: the Saale

text: the Saale

question: To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia?

answer: Marshal Soult

text: Marshal Soult

question: On what date were the battles of Jena and Auerstedt fought?

answer: 14 October

text: 14 October

question: How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt?

answer: 140,000


text: The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Health

text: Services

text: Group

text: is

text: a

text: joint

text: formation

text: that

text: includes

text: over

text: general

text: or

text: specialized

text: units

text: and

text: detachments

text: providing

text: health

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: With

text: few

text: exceptions

text: all

text: elements

text: are

text: under

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Surgeon

text: General

text: for

text: domestic

text: support

text: and

text: force

text: generation

text: or

text: temporarily

text: assigned

text: under

text: command

text: of

text: a

text: deployed

text: Joint

text: Task

text: Force

text: through

text: Canadian

text: Joint

text: Operations

text: Command

question: Who does The Health Services Group serve?

answer: the Canadian Armed Forces

text: the Canadian Armed Forces

question: Who can temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?

answer: Joint Task Force

text: Joint Task Force

question: What type of support does The Health Services Group provide?

answer: domestic support

text: domestic support


text: In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ. One part of the instrument, the Celestial Organ, is currently not connected or playable.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: and

text: Harrison

text: and

text: Harrison

text: enlarged

text: the

text: organ

text: under

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: abbey

text: organist

text: Simon

text: Preston

text: to

text: include

text: an

text: additional

text: Lower

text: Choir

text: Organ

text: and

text: a

text: Bombarde

text: Organ

text: the

text: current

text: instrument

text: now

text: has

text: five

text: manuals

text: and

text: speaking

text: stops

text: In

text: the

text: console

text: of

text: the

text: organ

text: was

text: refurbished

text: by

text: Harrison

text: and

text: Harrison

text: and

text: space

text: was

text: prepared

text: for

text: two

text: additional

text: ft

text: stops

text: on

text: the

text: Lower

text: Choir

text: Organ

text: and

text: the

text: Bombarde

text: Organ

text: One

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: instrument

text: the

text: Celestial

text: Organ

text: is

text: currently

text: not

text: connected

text: or

text: playable

question: What part of the organ is not connected or playable?

answer: the Celestial Organ

text: the Celestial Organ


text: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: Washington

text: Institute

text: for

text: Near

text: East

text: Policy

text: WINEP

text: is

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: organization

text: for

text: research

text: and

text: advice

text: on

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: policy

text: It

text: regards

text: its

text: target

text: countries

text: as

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: but

text: adopts

text: the

text: convention

text: of

text: calling

text: them

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: conformance

text: with

text: the

text: practices

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: Its

text: views

text: are

text: independent

text: The

text: WINEP

text: bundles

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Northwest

text: Africa

text: together

text: under

text: North

text: Africa

text: Details

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Policy

text: Focus

question: What is WINEP?

answer: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy

text: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy

question: What is WINEPS target countries as?

answer: the Middle East

text: the Middle East

question: How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?

answer: under "North Africa."

text: under "North Africa."


text: Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public transportation despite dense housing, retail, and office development. According to a 2008 GRTC operations analysis report, a majority of GRTC riders utilize their services because they do not have an available alternative such as a private vehicle.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Local

text: transit

text: and

text: paratransit

text: bus

text: service

text: in

text: Richmond

text: Henrico

text: and

text: Chesterfield

text: counties

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: Richmond

text: Transit

text: Company

text: GRTC

text: The

text: GRTC

text: however

text: serves

text: only

text: small

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: suburban

text: counties

text: The

text: far

text: West

text: End

text: Innsbrook

text: and

text: Short

text: Pump

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: Chesterfield

text: County

text: have

text: no

text: public

text: transportation

text: despite

text: dense

text: housing

text: retail

text: and

text: office

text: development

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: GRTC

text: operations

text: analysis

text: report

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: GRTC

text: riders

text: utilize

text: their

text: services

text: because

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: an

text: available

text: alternative

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: private

text: vehicle

question: What counties does the GRTC link to Richmond?

answer: Henrico, and Chesterfield

text: Henrico, and Chesterfield

question: Along with Short Pump, what comprises the far part of the West End?

answer: Innsbrook

text: Innsbrook

question: According to a GRTC report, what is an example of what most of its riders lack?

answer: private vehicle

text: private vehicle

question: What is GRTC an initialism of?

answer: Greater Richmond Transit Company

text: Greater Richmond Transit Company


text: In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: In

text: his

text: investiture

text: address

text: given

text: on

text: October

text: in

text: Bonn

text: Chancellor

text: Willy

text: Brandt

text: proposed

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: would

text: consider

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Basic

text: Law

text: as

text: a

text: binding

text: order

text: An

text: expert

text: commission

text: was

text: established

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: chairman

text: the

text: former

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Professor

text: Werner

text: Ernst

text: After

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: work

text: the

text: experts

text: delivered

text: their

text: report

text: in

text: It

text: provided

text: an

text: alternative

text: proposal

text: for

text: both

text: northern

text: Germany

text: and

text: central

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Germany

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: either

text: a

text: single

text: new

text: state

text: consisting

text: of

text: Schleswig

text: Holstein

text: Hamburg

text: Bremen

text: and

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: should

text: be

text: created

text: solution

text: A

text: or

text: two

text: new

text: states

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: consisting

text: of

text: Schleswig

text: Holstein

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: from

text: Cuxhaven

text: to

text: Lüchow

text: Dannenberg

text: and

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: consisting

text: of

text: Bremen

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: solution

text: B

text: In

text: the

text: Center

text: and

text: South

text: West

text: either

text: Rhineland

text: Palatinate

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Germersheim

text: district

text: but

text: including

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Neckar

text: region

text: should

text: be

text: merged

text: with

text: Hesse

text: and

text: the

text: Saarland

text: solution

text: C

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Germersheim

text: would

text: then

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: Baden

text: Württemberg

question: What did Chancellor Willy Brandt propose in his  28 October 1969 address?

answer: Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order

text: Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order

question: Where did Chancellor Willy Brandt make his  28 October 1969 address?

answer: Bonn

text: Bonn

question: An expert commission was established under which chairman?

answer: Werner Ernst

text: Werner Ernst

question: When did the expert commission deliver its report?

answer: the district of Germersheim

text: the district of Germersheim

question: Which state would the district of Germersheim be a part of?

answer: Baden-Württemberg

text: Baden-Württemberg


text: The Ems telegram had exactly the effect on French public opinion that Bismarck had intended. "This text produced the effect of a red flag on the Gallic bull", Bismarck later wrote. Gramont, the French foreign minister, declared that he felt "he had just received a slap". The leader of the monarchists in Parliament, Adolphe Thiers, spoke for moderation, arguing that France had won the diplomatic battle and there was no reason for war, but he was drowned out by cries that he was a traitor and a Prussian. Napoleon's new prime minister, Emile Ollivier, declared that France had done all that it could humanly and honorably do to prevent the war, and that he accepted the responsibility "with a light heart." A crowd of 15–20,000 people, carrying flags and patriotic banners, marched through the streets of Paris, demanding war. On 19 July 1870 a declaration of war was sent to the Prussian government. The southern German states immediately sided with Prussia.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Ems

text: telegram

text: had

text: exactly

text: the

text: effect

text: on

text: French

text: public

text: opinion

text: that

text: Bismarck

text: had

text: intended

text: This

text: text

text: produced

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: a

text: red

text: flag

text: on

text: the

text: Gallic

text: bull

text: Bismarck

text: later

text: wrote

text: Gramont

text: the

text: French

text: foreign

text: minister

text: declared

text: that

text: he

text: felt

text: he

text: had

text: just

text: received

text: a

text: slap

text: The

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: monarchists

text: in

text: Parliament

text: Adolphe

text: Thiers

text: spoke

text: for

text: moderation

text: arguing

text: that

text: France

text: had

text: won

text: the

text: diplomatic

text: battle

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: reason

text: for

text: war

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: drowned

text: out

text: by

text: cries

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: traitor

text: and

text: a

text: Prussian

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: new

text: prime

text: minister

text: Emile

text: Ollivier

text: declared

text: that

text: France

text: had

text: done

text: all

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: humanly

text: and

text: honorably

text: do

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: accepted

text: the

text: responsibility

text: with

text: a

text: light

text: heart

text: A

text: crowd

text: of

text: people

text: carrying

text: flags

text: and

text: patriotic

text: banners

text: marched

text: through

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Paris

text: demanding

text: war

text: On

text: July

text: a

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: Prussian

text: government

text: The

text: southern

text: German

text: states

text: immediately

text: sided

text: with

text: Prussia

question: What telegram had the intended effect on French public opinion?

answer: Ems telegram

text: Ems telegram

question: Following the Ems telegram, what reaction did the French foreign minister report that he felt?

answer: he felt "he had just received a slap"

text: he felt "he had just received a slap"

question: In Parliament, who was the leader of the monarchists?

answer: Adolphe Thiers

text: Adolphe Thiers

question: Which French prime minister believed he had done all that he could to prevent a war?

answer: Emile Ollivier

text: Emile Ollivier

question: On which date did France issue a declaration of war to the Prussian government?

answer: 19 July 1870

text: 19 July 1870


text: The area's many colleges and universities are active in college athletics. Four NCAA Division I members play in the city—Boston College, Boston University, Harvard University, and Northeastern University. Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision. Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: The

text: area

text: 's

text: many

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: are

text: active

text: in

text: college

text: athletics

text: Four

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: I

text: members

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Boston

text: College

text: Boston

text: University

text: Harvard

text: University

text: and

text: Northeastern

text: University

text: Of

text: the

text: four

text: only

text: Boston

text: College

text: participates

text: in

text: college

text: football

text: at

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: the

text: Football

text: Bowl

text: Subdivision

text: Harvard

text: participates

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: level

text: the

text: Football

text: Championship

text: Subdivision

question: How many NCAA Division I members play in Boston?

answer: four

text: four

question: Which college participates in college football at the highest level?

answer: Boston College

text: Boston College

question: What is the name of the highest level of college football?

answer: the Football Bowl Subdivision

text: the Football Bowl Subdivision

question: Who participates in the second highest level of college football?

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

question: What is the name of the second highest level of college football?

answer: Football Championship Subdivision

text: Football Championship Subdivision


text: The great majority of asphalt used commercially is obtained from petroleum. Nonetheless, large amounts of asphalt occur in concentrated form in nature. Naturally occurring deposits of asphalt/bitumen are formed from the remains of ancient, microscopic algae (diatoms) and other once-living things. These remains were deposited in the mud on the bottom of the ocean or lake where the organisms lived. Under the heat (above 50 °C) and pressure of burial deep in the earth, the remains were transformed into materials such as asphalt/bitumen, kerogen, or petroleum.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: asphalt

text: used

text: commercially

text: is

text: obtained

text: from

text: petroleum

text: Nonetheless

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: asphalt

text: occur

text: in

text: concentrated

text: form

text: in

text: nature

text: Naturally

text: occurring

text: deposits

text: of

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: are

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: remains

text: of

text: ancient

text: microscopic

text: algae

text: diatoms

text: and

text: other

text: once

text: living

text: things

text: These

text: remains

text: were

text: deposited

text: in

text: the

text: mud

text: on

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: or

text: lake

text: where

text: the

text: organisms

text: lived

text: Under

text: the

text: heat

text: above

text: C

text: and

text: pressure

text: of

text: burial

text: deep

text: in

text: the

text: earth

text: the

text: remains

text: were

text: transformed

text: into

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: kerogen

text: or

text: petroleum

question: From where does most asphalt come?

answer: petroleum

text: petroleum

question: What are the sources of natural deposits of asphalt?

answer: once-living things

text: once-living things

question: How much heat is required for the natural production of asphalt?

answer: above 50 °C

text: above 50 °C

question: Besides heat, what other requirement is needed to form asphalt?

answer: pressure

text: pressure

question: What other product of heat and pressure does the formation of asphalt and petroleum  produce?

answer: kerogen

text: kerogen


text: One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people. The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is known as gaydar; some studies have found that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance. 2015 research suggests that "gaydar" is an alternate label for using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation, and that face-shape is not an accurate indication of orientation.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: One

text: person

text: may

text: presume

text: knowledge

text: of

text: another

text: person

text: 's

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: based

text: upon

text: perceived

text: characteristics

text: such

text: as

text: appearance

text: clothing

text: tone

text: of

text: voice

text: and

text: accompaniment

text: by

text: and

text: behavior

text: with

text: other

text: people

text: The

text: attempt

text: to

text: detect

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: in

text: social

text: situations

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: gaydar

text: some

text: studies

text: have

text: found

text: that

text: guesses

text: based

text: on

text: face

text: photos

text: perform

text: better

text: than

text: chance

text: research

text: suggests

text: that

text: gaydar

text: is

text: an

text: alternate

text: label

text: for

text: using

text: LGBT

text: stereotypes

text: to

text: infer

text: orientation

text: and

text: that

text: face

text: shape

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: accurate

text: indication

text: of

text: orientation

question: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation?

answer: perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people

text: perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people

question: What is a term for someone who tries to determine someones sexuality?

answer: gaydar

text: gaydar

question: What have somes studies show when researching how someone uses "gaydar"?

answer: that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance

text: that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance

question: What did research in 2015 suggest was an alternate label for gaydar?

answer: using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation

text: using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation

question: What did this research also show about face-shape?

answer: not an accurate indication of orientation.

text: not an accurate indication of orientation.