text: Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. Principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. Prominent figures in this field include Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, and John Harris.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: Government

text: phonology

text: which

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: as

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: unify

text: theoretical

text: notions

text: of

text: syntactic

text: and

text: phonological

text: structures

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: all

text: languages

text: necessarily

text: follow

text: a

text: small

text: set

text: of

text: principles

text: and

text: vary

text: according

text: to

text: their

text: selection

text: of

text: certain

text: binary

text: parameters

text: That

text: is

text: all

text: languages

text: phonological

text: structures

text: are

text: essentially

text: the

text: same

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: restricted

text: variation

text: that

text: accounts

text: for

text: differences

text: in

text: surface

text: realizations

text: Principles

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: inviolable

text: though

text: parameters

text: may

text: sometimes

text: come

text: into

text: conflict

text: Prominent

text: figures

text: in

text: this

text: field

text: include

text: Jonathan

text: Kaye

text: Jean

text: Lowenstamm

text: Jean

text: Roger

text: Vergnaud

text: Monik

text: Charette

text: and

text: John

text: Harris

question: When was Government phonology first seen?

answer: the early 1980s

text: the early 1980s

question: What is responsible for differences in surface realizations according to Government phonology?

answer: restricted variation

text: restricted variation

question: Jonathan Kaye is an important person in what form of phonology?

answer: Government

text: Government


text: In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: In

text: the

text: assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: made

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: national

text: capital

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: New

text: York

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: under

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: capital

text: under

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: George

text: Washington

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: the

text: first

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: and

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: each

text: assembled

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: was

text: drafted

text: all

text: at

text: Federal

text: Hall

text: on

text: Wall

text: Street

text: By

text: New

text: York

text: had

text: surpassed

text: Philadelphia

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: In what year did New York become the United States capital?

answer: 1785

question: Who was the United States' first President?

answer: George Washington

text: George Washington

question: In what building did the Supreme Court of the United States first sit?

answer: Federal Hall

text: Federal Hall

question: On what street did the writing of the Bill of Rights occur?

answer: Wall Street

text: Wall Street

question: What was the second largest city in the United States in 1790?

answer: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

question: Which organization made New York the national capital in 1785?

answer: Congress of the Confederation

text: Congress of the Confederation

question: New York City became the first what under the new Constitution of the United States?

answer: capital

text: capital

question: The first president, George Washington, took office in what year?

answer: 1789

question: By which year, did New York City become the largest city in the United States?

answer: 1790


text: In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. Thus predation is often, though not always, carnivory. Other categories of consumption are herbivory (eating parts of plants), fungivory (eating parts of fungi), and detritivory (the consumption of dead organic material (detritus)). All these consumption categories fall under the rubric of consumer-resource systems. It can often be difficult to separate various types of feeding behaviors. For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live in or on its decaying corpse after it has died. The key characteristic of predation however is the predator's direct impact on the prey population. On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the "donor" organism(s).

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: In

text: an

text: ecosystem

text: predation

text: is

text: a

text: biological

text: interaction

text: where

text: a

text: predator

text: an

text: organism

text: that

text: is

text: hunting

text: feeds

text: on

text: its

text: prey

text: the

text: organism

text: that

text: is

text: attacked

text: Predators

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: kill

text: their

text: prey

text: prior

text: to

text: feeding

text: on

text: them

text: but

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: predation

text: often

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: prey

text: and

text: the

text: eventual

text: absorption

text: of

text: the

text: prey

text: 's

text: tissue

text: through

text: consumption

text: Thus

text: predation

text: is

text: often

text: though

text: not

text: always

text: carnivory

text: Other

text: categories

text: of

text: consumption

text: are

text: herbivory

text: eating

text: parts

text: of

text: plants

text: fungivory

text: eating

text: parts

text: of

text: fungi

text: and

text: detritivory

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: dead

text: organic

text: material

text: detritus

text: All

text: these

text: consumption

text: categories

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: rubric

text: of

text: consumer

text: resource

text: systems

text: It

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: separate

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: feeding

text: behaviors

text: For

text: example

text: some

text: parasitic

text: species

text: prey

text: on

text: a

text: host

text: organism

text: and

text: then

text: lay

text: their

text: eggs

text: on

text: it

text: for

text: their

text: offspring

text: to

text: feed

text: on

text: it

text: while

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: or

text: on

text: its

text: decaying

text: corpse

text: after

text: it

text: has

text: died

text: The

text: key

text: characteristic

text: of

text: predation

text: however

text: is

text: the

text: predator

text: 's

text: direct

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: prey

text: population

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: detritivores

text: simply

text: eat

text: dead

text: organic

text: material

text: arising

text: from

text: the

text: decay

text: of

text: dead

text: individuals

text: and

text: have

text: no

text: direct

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: donor

text: organism(s

question: What must a species do in order to be classified as a predator?

answer: direct impact on the prey population

text: direct impact on the prey population

question: How would you describe a predator that primarily eats plants?

answer: herbivory

text: herbivory

question: A predator must do what to the prey after it is killed?

answer: absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption

text: absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption

question: A species that uses a host body to survive and reproduce is classified as a what?

answer: parasitic species

text: parasitic species

question: How would you describe a diet of a species that eats primarily dead organic material?

answer: detritivory

text: detritivory

question: What does an herbivore eat?

answer: plants

text: plants

question: Do detritivores have a direct impact on "donor" organisms?

answer: no

text: no

question: What term is given to an organism that is being hunted?

answer: prey

text: prey

question: What term is given to the biological interaction where a predator feeds upon prey?

answer: predation

text: predation

question: What is the key characteristic of predation?

answer: the predator's direct impact on the prey population

text: the predator's direct impact on the prey population

question: What do detritivores eat?

answer: dead organic material

text: dead organic material

question: What is the key characteristic of predation?

answer: predator's direct impact on the prey population

text: predator's direct impact on the prey population


text: The Ann Arbor News, owned by the Michigan-based Booth Newspapers chain, is the major daily newspaper serving Ann Arbor and the rest of Washtenaw County. The newspaper ended its 174-year print run in 2009, due to economic difficulties. It was replaced by AnnArbor.com, but returned to a limited print publication under its former name in 2013. Another Ann Arbor-based publication that has ceased production was the Ann Arbor Paper, a free monthly. Ann Arbor has been said to be the first significant city to lose its only daily paper. The Ann Arbor Chronicle, an online newspaper, covered local news, including meetings of the library board, county commission, and DDA until September 3, 2014.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: The

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: News

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Michigan

text: based

text: Booth

text: Newspapers

text: chain

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: serving

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Washtenaw

text: County

text: The

text: newspaper

text: ended

text: its

text: print

text: run

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: economic

text: difficulties

text: It

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: AnnArbor.com

text: but

text: returned

text: to

text: a

text: limited

text: print

text: publication

text: under

text: its

text: former

text: name

text: in

text: Another

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: based

text: publication

text: that

text: has

text: ceased

text: production

text: was

text: the

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Paper

text: a

text: free

text: monthly

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: has

text: been

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: significant

text: city

text: to

text: lose

text: its

text: only

text: daily

text: paper

text: The

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Chronicle

text: an

text: online

text: newspaper

text: covered

text: local

text: news

text: including

text: meetings

text: of

text: the

text: library

text: board

text: county

text: commission

text: and

text: DDA

text: until

text: September

question: Who owns Ann Arbor news?

answer: Booth Newspapers

text: Booth Newspapers

question: When did the Ann Arbor news end its print?

answer: 2009

question: Which was the only city in the US to loose its only daily paper?

answer: Ann Arbor

text: Ann Arbor


text: Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage appears to be a consequence of infrequent errors during intracellular assembly of virus particles, rather than a bacterial adaptation. Conjugation, in the much-studied E. coli system is determined by plasmid genes, and is an adaptation for transferring copies of the plasmid from one bacterial host to another. It is seldom that a conjugative plasmid integrates into the host bacterial chromosome, and subsequently transfers part of the host bacterial DNA to another bacterium. Plasmid-mediated transfer of host bacterial DNA also appears to be an accidental process rather than a bacterial adaptation.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Transduction

text: of

text: bacterial

text: genes

text: by

text: bacteriophage

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: infrequent

text: errors

text: during

text: intracellular

text: assembly

text: of

text: virus

text: particles

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: bacterial

text: adaptation

text: Conjugation

text: in

text: the

text: much

text: studied

text: E.

text: coli

text: system

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: plasmid

text: genes

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: adaptation

text: for

text: transferring

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: plasmid

text: from

text: one

text: bacterial

text: host

text: to

text: another

text: It

text: is

text: seldom

text: that

text: a

text: conjugative

text: plasmid

text: integrates

text: into

text: the

text: host

text: bacterial

text: chromosome

text: and

text: subsequently

text: transfers

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: bacterial

text: DNA

text: to

text: another

text: bacterium

text: Plasmid

text: mediated

text: transfer

text: of

text: host

text: bacterial

text: DNA

text: also

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: accidental

text: process

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: bacterial

text: adaptation

question: What is the aftermath of infrequent errors during intracellular assembly of virus particles?

answer: Transduction of bacterial genes

text: Transduction of bacterial genes

question: What is the result of bacterial adaptation of E.coli bacteria host and plasmid of another bacteria?

answer: Conjugation

text: Conjugation

question: How does conjugation take place?

answer: conjugative plasmid integrates into the host bacterial chromosome

text: conjugative plasmid integrates into the host bacterial chromosome

question: Is conjugation a common bacterial adaptation?

answer: It is seldom

text: It is seldom


text: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) has formulated an individualist definition of "enlightenment" similar to the concept of bildung: "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity." He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. Against this intellectual cowardice, Kant urged: Sapere aude, "Dare to be wise!" In reaction to Kant, German scholars such as Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) argued that human creativity, which necessarily takes unpredictable and highly diverse forms, is as important as human rationality. Moreover, Herder proposed a collective form of bildung: "For Herder, Bildung was the totality of experiences that provide a coherent identity, and sense of common destiny, to a people."

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: has

text: formulated

text: an

text: individualist

text: definition

text: of

text: enlightenment

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: bildung

text: Enlightenment

text: is

text: man

text: 's

text: emergence

text: from

text: his

text: self

text: incurred

text: immaturity

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: this

text: immaturity

text: comes

text: not

text: from

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: understanding

text: but

text: from

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: courage

text: to

text: think

text: independently

text: Against

text: this

text: intellectual

text: cowardice

text: Kant

text: urged

text: Sapere

text: aude

text: Dare

text: to

text: be

text: wise

text: In

text: reaction

text: to

text: Kant

text: German

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Johann

text: Gottfried

text: Herder

text: argued

text: that

text: human

text: creativity

text: which

text: necessarily

text: takes

text: unpredictable

text: and

text: highly

text: diverse

text: forms

text: is

text: as

text: important

text: as

text: human

text: rationality

text: Moreover

text: Herder

text: proposed

text: a

text: collective

text: form

text: of

text: bildung

text: For

text: Herder

text: Bildung

text: was

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: experiences

text: that

text: provide

text: a

text: coherent

text: identity

text: and

text: sense

text: of

text: common

text: destiny

text: to

text: a

text: people

question: Who said the following statement? "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity".

answer: Immanuel Kant

text: Immanuel Kant

question: What does the term Sapere aude mean?

answer: Dare to be wise

text: Dare to be wise

question: Which German scholar argued that human creativity takes diverse forms and is as important as human rationality?

answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

text: Johann Gottfried Herder


text: Eisenhower's stint as the president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly, Eisenhower's "vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature". His biographer Blanche Wiesen Cook suggested that this period served as "the political education of General Eisenhower", since he had to prioritize wide-ranging educational, administrative, and financial demands for the university. Through his involvement in the Council on Foreign Relations, he also gained exposure to economic analysis, which would become the bedrock of his understanding in economic policy. "Whatever General Eisenhower knows about economics, he has learned at the study group meetings," one Aid to Europe member claimed.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: stint

text: as

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: Columbia

text: University

text: was

text: punctuated

text: by

text: his

text: activity

text: within

text: the

text: Council

text: on

text: Foreign

text: Relations

text: a

text: study

text: group

text: he

text: led

text: as

text: president

text: concerning

text: the

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: implications

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Plan

text: and

text: The

text: American

text: Assembly

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: vision

text: of

text: a

text: great

text: cultural

text: center

text: where

text: business

text: professional

text: and

text: governmental

text: leaders

text: could

text: meet

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: to

text: discuss

text: and

text: reach

text: conclusions

text: concerning

text: problems

text: of

text: a

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: nature

text: His

text: biographer

text: Blanche

text: Wiesen

text: Cook

text: suggested

text: that

text: this

text: period

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: political

text: education

text: of

text: General

text: Eisenhower

text: since

text: he

text: had

text: to

text: prioritize

text: wide

text: ranging

text: educational

text: administrative

text: and

text: financial

text: demands

text: for

text: the

text: university

text: Through

text: his

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Council

text: on

text: Foreign

text: Relations

text: he

text: also

text: gained

text: exposure

text: to

text: economic

text: analysis

text: which

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: bedrock

text: of

text: his

text: understanding

text: in

text: economic

text: policy

text: Whatever

text: General

text: Eisenhower

text: knows

text: about

text: economics

text: he

text: has

text: learned

text: at

text: the

text: study

text: group

text: meetings

text: one

text: Aid

text: to

text: Europe

text: member

text: claimed

question: While Eisenhower was president of Columbia, what group did he also work with?

answer: Council on Foreign Relations

text: Council on Foreign Relations

question: What was Blanche Wiesen Cook in relation to Eisenhower?

answer: biographer

text: biographer

question: Along with business and government, what leaders did Eisenhower see meeting at the Council on Foreign Relations?

answer: professional

text: professional

question: What sort of analysis did Eisenhower first experience with the Council on Foreign Relations?

answer: economic

text: economic


text: Imperial College Union, the students' union at Imperial College, is run by five full-time sabbatical officers elected from the student body for a tenure of one year, and a number of permanent members of staff. The Union is given a large subvention by the university, much of which is spent on maintaining around 300 clubs, projects and societies. Examples of notable student groups and projects are Project Nepal which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal and the El Salvador Project, a construction based project in Central America. The Union also hosts sports-related clubs such as Imperial College Boat Club and Imperial College Gliding Club.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Union

text: the

text: students

text: union

text: at

text: Imperial

text: College

text: is

text: run

text: by

text: five

text: full

text: time

text: sabbatical

text: officers

text: elected

text: from

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: for

text: a

text: tenure

text: of

text: one

text: year

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: staff

text: The

text: Union

text: is

text: given

text: a

text: large

text: subvention

text: by

text: the

text: university

text: much

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: spent

text: on

text: maintaining

text: around

text: clubs

text: projects

text: and

text: societies

text: Examples

text: of

text: notable

text: student

text: groups

text: and

text: projects

text: are

text: Project

text: Nepal

text: which

text: sends

text: Imperial

text: College

text: students

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: educational

text: development

text: programmes

text: in

text: rural

text: Nepal

text: and

text: the

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Project

text: a

text: construction

text: based

text: project

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: The

text: Union

text: also

text: hosts

text: sports

text: related

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Boat

text: Club

text: and

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Gliding

text: Club

question: What is the official name of the student's union?

answer: Imperial College Union

text: Imperial College Union

question: How many full time officers run the union?

answer: five

text: five

question: How long is the tenure for an officer to run the union?

answer: one year

text: one year

question: How many clubs, projects and societies is the union responsible for managing?

answer: around 300

text: around 300

question: What kind of programmes do students work on for Project Nepal?

answer: educational development

text: educational development


text: The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: The

text: novel

text: is

text: renowned

text: for

text: its

text: warmth

text: and

text: humor

text: despite

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: serious

text: issues

text: of

text: rape

text: and

text: racial

text: inequality

text: The

text: narrator

text: 's

text: father

text: Atticus

text: Finch

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: moral

text: hero

text: for

text: many

text: readers

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: integrity

text: for

text: lawyers

text: One

text: critic

text: explains

text: the

text: novel

text: 's

text: impact

text: by

text: writing

text: In

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: is

text: probably

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: read

text: book

text: dealing

text: with

text: race

text: in

text: America

text: and

text: its

text: protagonist

text: Atticus

text: Finch

text: the

text: most

text: enduring

text: fictional

text: image

text: of

text: racial

text: heroism

question: What two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel?

answer: rape and racial inequality

text: rape and racial inequality

question: Who is the protagonist of the novel?

answer: Atticus Finch

text: Atticus Finch


text: During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique". When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism". In 2004 Howard Dean stated, "In some ways, I consider myself separate from the other three (Yale) candidates of 2004. Yale changed so much between the class of '68 and the class of '71. My class was the first class to have women in it; it was the first class to have a significant effort to recruit African Americans. It was an extraordinary time, and in that span of time is the change of an entire generation".

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: During

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: George

text: H.

text: W.

text: Bush

text: Yale

text: derided

text: Michael

text: Dukakis

text: for

text: having

text: foreign

text: policy

text: views

text: born

text: in

text: Harvard

text: Yard

text: 's

text: boutique

text: When

text: challenged

text: on

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: Dukakis

text: 's

text: Harvard

text: connection

text: and

text: his

text: own

text: Yale

text: background

text: he

text: said

text: that

text: unlike

text: Harvard

text: Yale

text: 's

text: reputation

text: was

text: so

text: diffuse

text: there

text: is

text: n't

text: a

text: symbol

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: think

text: in

text: the

text: Yale

text: situation

text: any

text: symbolism

text: in

text: it

text: and

text: said

text: Yale

text: did

text: not

text: share

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: reputation

text: for

text: liberalism

text: and

text: elitism

text: In

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: stated

text: In

text: some

text: ways

text: I

text: consider

text: myself

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: Yale

text: candidates

text: of

text: Yale

text: changed

text: so

text: much

text: between

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: My

text: class

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: class

text: to

text: have

text: women

text: in

text: it

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: class

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: significant

text: effort

text: to

text: recruit

text: African

text: Americans

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: time

text: and

text: in

text: that

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: is

text: the

text: change

text: of

text: an

text: entire

text: generation

question: In the 1988 election, where did George H. W. Bush say Michael Dukakis's foreign policy was born?

answer: Harvard Yard's boutique

text: Harvard Yard's boutique

question: How did George H. W. Bush describe Yale's reputation?

answer: so diffuse, there isn't a symbol

text: so diffuse, there isn't a symbol

question: How did George H. W. Bush describe Harvard's reputation?

answer: liberalism and elitism

text: liberalism and elitism

question: Why was Howard Dean proud of his graduating class?

answer: first class to have women in it

text: first class to have women in it


text: Polytechnics offer three-year diploma courses in fields such as information technology, engineering subjects and other vocational fields, like psychology and nursing. There are 5 polytechnics in Singapore. They are namely:

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Polytechnics

text: offer

text: three

text: year

text: diploma

text: courses

text: in

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: information

text: technology

text: engineering

text: subjects

text: and

text: other

text: vocational

text: fields

text: like

text: psychology

text: and

text: nursing

text: There

text: are

text: polytechnics

text: in

text: Singapore

text: They

text: are

text: namely

question: How many polytechnics are there in Singapore?

answer: 5

question: How many years of study would it take to obtain a degree from a polytechnic in Singapore?

answer: three

text: three


text: Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or 3.6%). There are 171 people who speak Romansh.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: speaks

text: German

text: or

text: as

text: their

text: first

text: language

text: Italian

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: common

text: or

text: and

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: or

text: There

text: are

text: people

text: who

text: speak

text: Romansh

question: What is the main lanuage of Bern?

answer: German

text: German

question: What is the second most common language?

answer: Italian

text: Italian

question: What percent of the population speaks German?

answer: 81.2%


text: Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Classical

text: immunology

text: ties

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: epidemiology

text: and

text: medicine

text: It

text: studies

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: body

text: systems

text: pathogens

text: and

text: immunity

text: The

text: earliest

text: written

text: mention

text: of

text: immunity

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: plague

text: of

text: Athens

text: in

text: BCE

text: Thucydides

text: noted

text: that

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: recovered

text: from

text: a

text: previous

text: bout

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: could

text: nurse

text: the

text: sick

text: without

text: contracting

text: the

text: illness

text: a

text: second

text: time

text: Many

text: other

text: ancient

text: societies

text: have

text: references

text: to

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: before

text: the

text: concept

text: developed

text: into

text: scientific

text: theory

question: Which two fields of study are associated with immunology?

answer: epidemiology and medicine

text: epidemiology and medicine

question: Immunology studies how which three areas impact one another?

answer: the body systems, pathogens, and immunity

text: the body systems, pathogens, and immunity

question: When was the first written mention of immunity as it pertains to the body?

answer: 430 BCE

text: 430 BCE

question: Which Greek historian made that notation?

answer: Thucydides

text: Thucydides

question: When did immunology start to become codified as a scientific theory?

answer: 19th and 20th centuries

text: 19th and 20th centuries


text: The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school located on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The KU School of Business was founded in 1924 and currently has more than 80 faculty members and approximately 1500 students.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: School

text: of

text: Business

text: is

text: a

text: public

text: business

text: school

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: in

text: Lawrence

text: Kansas

text: The

text: KU

text: School

text: of

text: Business

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: currently

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: faculty

text: members

text: and

text: approximately

text: students

question: What kind of institution is KU's School of Business?

answer: public

text: public

question: Where is the business school at KU located?

answer: Lawrence

text: Lawrence

question: When was the University of Kansas School of Business established?

answer: 1924

question: How many students attend the business school at KU?

answer: 1500

question: How many educators work at the KU School of Business?

answer: more than 80

text: more than 80


text: A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: A

text: traveller

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: could

text: obtain

text: overnight

text: accommodation

text: in

text: monasteries

text: but

text: later

text: a

text: demand

text: for

text: hostelries

text: grew

text: with

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: pilgrimages

text: and

text: travel

text: The

text: Hostellers

text: of

text: London

text: were

text: granted

text: guild

text: status

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: guild

text: became

text: the

text: Worshipful

text: Company

text: of

text: Innholders

question: In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations?

answer: in monasteries

text: in monasteries

question: When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status?

answer: 1446

question: What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514?

answer: Worshipful Company of Innholders

text: Worshipful Company of Innholders

question: When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?

answer: 1446

question: In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?

answer: 1514

question: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?

answer: monasteries

text: monasteries

question: What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?

answer: pilgrimages

text: pilgrimages


text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: B

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: a

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

question: What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?

answer: The United States Army

text: The United States Army

question: How many uniformed services are there in the US?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What years did the American Revolutionary War span?

answer: 1775–83

question: What date was the U.S. Army created?

answer: 3 June 1784

text: 3 June 1784

question: What did the U.S Army replace?

answer: Continental Army

text: Continental Army


text: A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: A

text: Science

text: Hall

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: Fr

text: Zahm

text: but

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: converted

text: to

text: a

text: student

text: union

text: building

text: and

text: named

text: LaFortune

text: Center

text: after

text: Joseph

text: LaFortune

text: an

text: oil

text: executive

text: from

text: Tulsa

text: Oklahoma

text: Commonly

text: known

text: as

text: LaFortune

text: or

text: LaFun

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: building

text: of

text: square

text: feet

text: that

text: provides

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: community

text: with

text: a

text: meeting

text: place

text: for

text: social

text: recreational

text: cultural

text: and

text: educational

text: activities

text: LaFortune

text: employs

text: part

text: time

text: student

text: staff

text: and

text: full

text: time

text: non

text: student

text: staff

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: annual

text: budget

text: of

text: million

text: Many

text: businesses

text: services

text: and

text: divisions

text: of

text: The

text: Office

text: of

text: Student

text: Affairs

text: are

text: found

text: within

text: The

text: building

text: also

text: houses

text: restaurants

text: from

text: national

text: restaurant

text: chains

question: Which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at Notre Dame in 1883?

answer: Fr. Zahm

text: Fr. Zahm

question: In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center?

answer: 1950

question: After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named?

answer: Joseph LaFortune

text: Joseph LaFortune

question: How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame?

answer: 83,000 square feet

text: 83,000 square feet

question: What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center?

answer: $1.2 million

text: $1.2 million


text: In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the time cost between 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year. This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford. To do so, they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country (using a compulsory license), or import them from abroad. After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: In

text: March

text: multi

text: national

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: brought

text: litigation

text: against

text: South

text: Africa

text: for

text: its

text: Medicines

text: Act

text: which

text: allowed

text: the

text: generic

text: production

text: of

text: antiretroviral

text: drugs

text: ARVs

text: for

text: treating

text: HIV

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: these

text: drugs

text: were

text: on

text: patent

text: HIV

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: epidemic

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: ARVs

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: cost

text: between

text: and

text: USD

text: per

text: patient

text: per

text: year

text: This

text: was

text: unaffordable

text: for

text: most

text: South

text: African

text: citizens

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: government

text: committed

text: to

text: providing

text: ARVs

text: at

text: prices

text: closer

text: to

text: what

text: people

text: could

text: afford

text: To

text: do

text: so

text: they

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: ignore

text: the

text: patents

text: on

text: drugs

text: and

text: produce

text: generics

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: using

text: a

text: compulsory

text: license

text: or

text: import

text: them

text: from

text: abroad

text: After

text: international

text: protest

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: public

text: health

text: rights

text: including

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: signatures

text: by

text: MSF

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: several

text: developed

text: countries

text: including

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: France

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: US

text: backed

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: case

text: was

text: dropped

text: in

text: April

text: of

text: that

text: year

question: How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost?

answer: 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year

text: 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year

question: Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped?

answer: The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US

text: The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US

question: Who brought litigation to South Africa?

answer: 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies

text: 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies

question: How many signatures were collected by MSF?

answer: 250,000 signatures

text: 250,000 signatures

question: When was litigation brought to South Africa?

answer: March 2001

text: March 2001

question: How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act?

answer: 40

question: South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs?

answer: antiretroviral

text: antiretroviral

question: How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly?

answer: between 10,000 and 15,000 USD

text: between 10,000 and 15,000 USD

question: How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights?

answer: 250,000


text: Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: ferry

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: continent

text: with

text: destinations

text: such

text: as

text: San

text: Sebastian

text: Lisbon

text: Tangier

text: and

text: Casablanca

text: A

text: ferry

text: port

text: was

text: built

text: during

text: the

text: However

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: these

text: relocated

text: to

text: Portsmouth

text: and

text: by

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: any

text: car

text: ferries

text: operating

text: from

text: Southampton

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The

text: land

text: used

text: for

text: Southampton

text: Ferry

text: Port

text: was

text: sold

text: off

text: and

text: a

text: retail

text: and

text: housing

text: development

text: was

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: The

text: Princess

text: Alexandra

text: Dock

text: was

text: converted

text: into

text: a

text: marina

text: Reception

text: areas

text: for

text: new

text: cars

text: now

text: fill

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Docks

text: where

text: passengers

text: dry

text: docks

text: and

text: trains

text: used

text: to

text: be

question: In what decade was the ferry port built in Southampton to carry people to exotic destinations on the continent?

answer: 1960s

question: By what year did car ferries finish operating from Southampton, other than the one to the Isle of Wight?

answer: 1996

question: What was built on the site where the Southampton Ferry Port used to be?

answer: a retail and housing development

text: a retail and housing development

question: What has the Princess Alexandra Dock become?

answer: a marina

text: a marina

question: What location that was once filled with passengers, dry docks, and trains is now a holding area for new cars?

answer: Eastern Docks

text: Eastern Docks


text: Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth Realm on 1 October 1960. Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe. Azikiwe became Nigeria's maiden Governor-General in 1960. The opposition comprised the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by the Yoruba and led by Obafemi Awolowo. The cultural and political differences between Nigeria's dominant ethnic groups – the Hausa ('Northerners'), Igbo ('Easterners') and Yoruba ('Westerners') – were sharp.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: a

text: Commonwealth

text: Realm

text: on

text: October

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: government

text: was

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: conservative

text: parties

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: NPC

text: a

text: party

text: dominated

text: by

text: Northerners

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: faith

text: and

text: the

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Christian

text: dominated

text: National

text: Council

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: the

text: Cameroons

text: NCNC

text: led

text: by

text: Nnamdi

text: Azikiwe

text: Azikiwe

text: became

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: maiden

text: Governor

text: General

text: in

text: The

text: opposition

text: comprised

text: the

text: comparatively

text: liberal

text: Action

text: Group

text: AG

text: which

text: was

text: largely

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Yoruba

text: and

text: led

text: by

text: Obafemi

text: Awolowo

text: The

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: differences

text: between

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: dominant

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: the

text: Hausa

text: Northerners

text: Igbo

text: Easterners

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: Westerners

text: were

text: sharp

question: What was Nigeria's status after independence from the UK?

answer: a Commonwealth Realm

text: a Commonwealth Realm

question: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Islamic?

answer: Nigerian People's Congress

text: Nigerian People's Congress

question: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Christian?

answer: National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons

text: National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons

question: Who led the NCNC party?

answer: Nnamdi Azikiwe

text: Nnamdi Azikiwe

question: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Yoruba?

answer: Obafemi Awolowo

text: Obafemi Awolowo


text: Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called Duel. The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Special praise of this film by the influential British critic Dilys Powell was highly significant to Spielberg's career. Another TV film (Something Evil) was made and released to capitalize on the popularity of The Exorcist, then a major best-selling book which had not yet been released as a film. He fulfilled his contract by directing the TV film-length pilot of a show called Savage, starring Martin Landau. Spielberg's debut full-length feature film was The Sugarland Express, about a married couple who are chased by police as the couple tries to regain custody of their baby. Spielberg's cinematography for the police chase was praised by reviewers, and The Hollywood Reporter stated that "a major new director is on the horizon.":223 However, the film fared poorly at the box office and received a limited release.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: Universal

text: signed

text: Spielberg

text: to

text: do

text: four

text: TV

text: films

text: The

text: first

text: was

text: a

text: Richard

text: Matheson

text: adaptation

text: called

text: Duel

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: about

text: a

text: psychotic

text: Peterbilt

text: tanker

text: truck

text: driver

text: who

text: chases

text: the

text: terrified

text: driver

text: Dennis

text: Weaver

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: Plymouth

text: Valiant

text: and

text: tries

text: to

text: run

text: him

text: off

text: the

text: road

text: Special

text: praise

text: of

text: this

text: film

text: by

text: the

text: influential

text: British

text: critic

text: Dilys

text: Powell

text: was

text: highly

text: significant

text: to

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: career

text: Another

text: TV

text: film

text: Something

text: Evil

text: was

text: made

text: and

text: released

text: to

text: capitalize

text: on

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: The

text: Exorcist

text: then

text: a

text: major

text: best

text: selling

text: book

text: which

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: film

text: He

text: fulfilled

text: his

text: contract

text: by

text: directing

text: the

text: TV

text: film

text: length

text: pilot

text: of

text: a

text: show

text: called

text: Savage

text: starring

text: Martin

text: Landau

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: debut

text: full

text: length

text: feature

text: film

text: was

text: The

text: Sugarland

text: Express

text: about

text: a

text: married

text: couple

text: who

text: are

text: chased

text: by

text: police

text: as

text: the

text: couple

text: tries

text: to

text: regain

text: custody

text: of

text: their

text: baby

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: cinematography

text: for

text: the

text: police

text: chase

text: was

text: praised

text: by

text: reviewers

text: and

text: The

text: Hollywood

text: Reporter

text: stated

text: that

text: a

text: major

text: new

text: director

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: However

text: the

text: film

text: fared

text: poorly

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: and

text: received

text: a

text: limited

text: release

question: How many TV films did Universal sign Spielbergo to direct?

answer: four

text: four

question: What British critic helped boost Steven Spielberg's career?

answer: Dilys Powell

text: Dilys Powell

question: Who starred in the TV show "Savage"?

answer: Martin Landau

text: Martin Landau

question: How did Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" do in the box office?

answer: poorly

text: poorly

question: What were the married couple in Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" trying to regain?

answer: custody of their baby

text: custody of their baby

question: How many TV movies was Spielberg signed to direct?

answer: four

text: four

question: What kind of truck was 'Duel' about?

answer: Peterbilt 281 tanker

text: Peterbilt 281 tanker

question: Which British critic praised 'Duel'?

answer: Dilys Powell

text: Dilys Powell

question: Which TV film Spielberg directed played off 'The Exorcist'?

answer: Something Evil

text: Something Evil

question: Who starred in 'Savage'/

answer: Martin Landau

text: Martin Landau


text: Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their theologies differ on whether the intermediate state is unconscious sleep or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is annihilation or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millennium, and whether the sanctuary of Daniel 8 refers to the one in heaven or one on earth. The movement has encouraged the examination of the whole Bible, leading Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups to observe the Sabbath. The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists has compiled that church's core beliefs in the 28 Fundamental Beliefs (1980 and 2005), which use Biblical references as justification.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Although

text: the

text: Adventist

text: churches

text: hold

text: much

text: in

text: common

text: their

text: theologies

text: differ

text: on

text: whether

text: the

text: intermediate

text: state

text: is

text: unconscious

text: sleep

text: or

text: consciousness

text: whether

text: the

text: ultimate

text: punishment

text: of

text: the

text: wicked

text: is

text: annihilation

text: or

text: eternal

text: torment

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: immortality

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: the

text: wicked

text: are

text: resurrected

text: after

text: the

text: millennium

text: and

text: whether

text: the

text: sanctuary

text: of

text: Daniel

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: one

text: in

text: heaven

text: or

text: one

text: on

text: earth

text: The

text: movement

text: has

text: encouraged

text: the

text: examination

text: of

text: the

text: whole

text: Bible

text: leading

text: Seventh

text: day

text: Adventists

text: and

text: some

text: smaller

text: Adventist

text: groups

text: to

text: observe

text: the

text: Sabbath

text: The

text: General

text: Conference

text: of

text: Seventh

text: day

text: Adventists

text: has

text: compiled

text: that

text: church

text: 's

text: core

text: beliefs

text: in

text: the

text: Fundamental

text: Beliefs

text: and

text: which

text: use

text: Biblical

text: references

text: as

text: justification

question: The Adventist movement has encouraged examining what in full?

answer: the whole Bible

text: the whole Bible

question: What Adventist groups observe the Sabbath?

answer: Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups

text: Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups

question: What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs?

answer: the 28 Fundamental Beliefs

text: the 28 Fundamental Beliefs

question: What is used for justification of the 28 Fundamental Beliefs?

answer: Biblical references

text: Biblical references

question: What belief about ultimate punishment do Adventists disagree on?

answer: annihilation or eternal torment

text: annihilation or eternal torment


text: Hidalgo was turned over to the Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares, for an official defrocking and excommunication on July 27, 1811. He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed by firing squad on July 30 at 7 in the morning. Before his execution, he thanked his jailers, Private Soldiers Ortega and Melchor, in letters for their humane treatment. At his execution, Hidalgo placed his right hand over his heart to show the riflemen where they should aim. He also refused the use of a blindfold. His body, along with the bodies of Allende, Aldama and José Mariano Jiménez were decapitated, and the heads were put on display on the four corners of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas in Guanajuato. The heads remained there for ten years until the end of the Mexican War of Independence to serve as a warning to other insurgents. Hidalgo's headless body was first displayed outside the prison but then buried in the Church of St Francis in Chihuahua. Those remains would later be transferred in 1824 to Mexico City.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Hidalgo

text: was

text: turned

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Durango

text: Francisco

text: Gabriel

text: de

text: Olivares

text: for

text: an

text: official

text: defrocking

text: and

text: excommunication

text: on

text: July

text: He

text: was

text: then

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: treason

text: by

text: a

text: military

text: court

text: and

text: executed

text: by

text: firing

text: squad

text: on

text: July

text: at

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: Before

text: his

text: execution

text: he

text: thanked

text: his

text: jailers

text: Private

text: Soldiers

text: Ortega

text: and

text: Melchor

text: in

text: letters

text: for

text: their

text: humane

text: treatment

text: At

text: his

text: execution

text: Hidalgo

text: placed

text: his

text: right

text: hand

text: over

text: his

text: heart

text: to

text: show

text: the

text: riflemen

text: where

text: they

text: should

text: aim

text: He

text: also

text: refused

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: blindfold

text: His

text: body

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: Allende

text: Aldama

text: and

text: José

text: Mariano

text: Jiménez

text: were

text: decapitated

text: and

text: the

text: heads

text: were

text: put

text: on

text: display

text: on

text: the

text: four

text: corners

text: of

text: the

text: Alhóndiga

text: de

text: Granaditas

text: in

text: Guanajuato

text: The

text: heads

text: remained

text: there

text: for

text: ten

text: years

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: warning

text: to

text: other

text: insurgents

text: Hidalgo

text: 's

text: headless

text: body

text: was

text: first

text: displayed

text: outside

text: the

text: prison

text: but

text: then

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: St

text: Francis

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: Those

text: remains

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: transferred

text: in

text: to

text: Mexico

text: City

question: Hidalgo was turned over by whom?

answer: Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares

text: Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares

question: In which year was Hidalgo turned over?

answer: 1811

question: How was Hidalgo executed after having been found guilty?

answer: firing squad

text: firing squad

question: Hidalgo refused the use of what during his execution?

answer: blindfold

text: blindfold

question: In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua


text:
Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN
2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)
2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)
1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)
1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: Executive

text: Directors

text: and

text: Under

text: Secretaries

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: Dr

text: Babatunde

text: Osotimehin

text: Nigeria

text: Ms

text: Thoraya

text: Ahmed

text: Obaid

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Dr

text: Nafis

text: Sadik

text: Pakistan

text: Mr

text: Rafael

text: M.

text: Salas

text: Philippines

question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?

answer: Rafael M. Salas

text: Rafael M. Salas

question: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?

answer: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?

answer: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

text: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

question: Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?

answer: Dr Nafis Sadik

text: Dr Nafis Sadik


title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: responded

text: by

text: imposing

text: curfews

text: and

text: by

text: deploying

text: troops

text: in

text: the

text: regions

text: On

text: June

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: emergency

text: was

text: declared

text: in

text: Rakhine

text: allowing

text: the

text: military

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: Burmese

text: army

text: and

text: police

text: have

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: targeting

text: Rohingya

text: Muslims

text: through

text: mass

text: arrests

text: and

text: arbitrary

text: violence

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: monks

text: organisations

text: that

text: played

text: a

text: vital

text: role

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: struggle

text: for

text: democracy

text: have

text: taken

text: measures

text: to

text: block

text: any

text: humanitarian

text: assistance

text: to

text: the

text: Rohingya

text: community

question: What have the military and law enforcement been denounced for in the matter of  summer of 2012 ?

answer: The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence

text: The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence

question: How have the friar organizations contributed to the struggle in Burma?

answer: monks' organisations that played a vital role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya

text: monks' organisations that played a vital role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya

question: What happened in Rakhine in the summer of 2012 that had severe implications on the running of the location?

answer: On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in administration of the region

text: On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in administration of the region

question: How did the Burmese government respond to the unrest in 2012 ?

answer: The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions

text: The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions


text: Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma's development and exacerbation including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals. Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms. Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels, has been associated with both asthma development and increased asthma severity. Exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds may be a trigger for asthma; formaldehyde exposure, for example, has a positive association. Also, phthalates in certain types of PVC are associated with asthma in children and adults.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Many

text: environmental

text: factors

text: have

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: asthma

text: 's

text: development

text: and

text: exacerbation

text: including

text: allergens

text: air

text: pollution

text: and

text: other

text: environmental

text: chemicals

text: Smoking

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: and

text: after

text: delivery

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: greater

text: risk

text: of

text: asthma

text: like

text: symptoms

text: Low

text: air

text: quality

text: from

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: traffic

text: pollution

text: or

text: high

text: ozone

text: levels

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: both

text: asthma

text: development

text: and

text: increased

text: asthma

text: severity

text: Exposure

text: to

text: indoor

text: volatile

text: organic

text: compounds

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: trigger

text: for

text: asthma

text: formaldehyde

text: exposure

text: for

text: example

text: has

text: a

text: positive

text: association

text: Also

text: phthalates

text: in

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: PVC

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: asthma

text: in

text: children

text: and

text: adults

question: What are some of the enviromental factors that have been linked to asthma?

answer: allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals

text: allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals

question: What two things are associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms?

answer: Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery

text: Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery

question: What can cause symptoms and asthma serverity to change?

answer: Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels

text: Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels

question: Exposure to what compounds can also trigger asthma?

answer: indoor volatile organic compounds

text: indoor volatile organic compounds


text: On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: battle

text: began

text: when

text: at

text: Moltke

text: ordered

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Armies

text: to

text: advance

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: positions

text: By

text: General

text: Manstein

text: opened

text: up

text: the

text: battle

text: before

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Amanvillers

text: with

text: artillery

text: from

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: But

text: the

text: French

text: had

text: spent

text: the

text: night

text: and

text: early

text: morning

text: digging

text: trenches

text: and

text: rifle

text: pits

text: while

text: placing

text: their

text: artillery

text: and

text: their

text: mitrailleuses

text: in

text: concealed

text: positions

text: Finally

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: advance

text: the

text: French

text: opened

text: up

text: a

text: massive

text: return

text: fire

text: against

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: advancing

text: Germans

text: The

text: battle

text: at

text: first

text: appeared

text: to

text: favor

text: the

text: French

text: with

text: their

text: superior

text: Chassepot

text: rifle

text: However

text: the

text: Prussian

text: artillery

text: was

text: superior

text: with

text: the

text: all

text: steel

text: Krupp

text: breech

text: loading

text: gun

text: By

text: General

text: Steinmetz

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Army

text: unilaterally

text: launched

text: his

text: VIII

text: Corps

text: across

text: the

text: Mance

text: Ravine

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Prussian

text: infantry

text: were

text: soon

text: pinned

text: down

text: by

text: murderous

text: rifle

text: and

text: mitrailleuse

text: fire

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: positions

text: At

text: the

text: massed

text: guns

text: of

text: the

text: VII

text: and

text: VIII

text: Corps

text: opened

text: fire

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: attack

text: But

text: by

text: with

text: the

text: attack

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: stalling

text: Steinmetz

text: ordered

text: the

text: VII

text: Corps

text: forward

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Cavalry

text: Division

question: On what date did the battle begin?

answer: 18 August

text: 18 August

question: Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French?

answer: Moltke

text: Moltke

question: Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division?

answer: General Manstein

text: General Manstein

question: Who did the battle first appear to favor?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: Who was the commander of the First Army?

answer: General Steinmetz

text: General Steinmetz


text: In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye/яканье. Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and /x~xv~xw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). Some of these features such as akanye/yakanye, a debuccalized or lenited /ɡ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs are also present in modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian), indicating a linguistic continuum.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: In

text: the

text: Southern

text: Russian

text: dialects

text: instances

text: of

text: unstressed

text: /e/

text: and

text: /a/

text: following

text: palatalized

text: consonants

text: and

text: preceding

text: a

text: stressed

text: syllable

text: are

text: not

text: reduced

text: to

text: ɪ

text: as

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: Moscow

text: dialect

text: being

text: instead

text: pronounced

text: a

text: in

text: such

text: positions

text: e.g.

text: несли

text: is

text: pronounced

text: nʲaˈslʲi

text: not

text: nʲɪsˈlʲi

text: this

text: is

text: called

text: yakanye/яканье.

text: Consonants

text: include

text: a

text: fricative

text: /ɣ/

text: a

text: semivowel

text: /w

text: u̯/

text: and

text: /x

text: xv

text: xw/

text: whereas

text: the

text: Standard

text: and

text: Northern

text: dialects

text: have

text: the

text: consonants

text: /ɡ/

text: /v/

text: and

text: final

text: /l/

text: and

text: /f/

text: respectively

text: The

text: morphology

text: features

text: a

text: palatalized

text: final

text: /tʲ/

text: in

text: person

text: forms

text: of

text: verbs

text: this

text: is

text: unpalatalized

text: in

text: the

text: Standard

text: and

text: Northern

text: dialects

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: akanye

text: yakanye

text: a

text: debuccalized

text: or

text: lenited

text: /ɡ/

text: a

text: semivowel

text: /w

text: u̯/

text: and

text: palatalized

text: final

text: /tʲ/

text: in

text: person

text: forms

text: of

text: verbs

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: modern

text: Belarusian

text: and

text: some

text: dialects

text: of

text: Ukrainian

text: Eastern

text: Polesian

text: indicating

text: a

text: linguistic

text: continuum

question: What is pronounced [ɪ] in Moscow's dialect?

answer: unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable

text: unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable

question: What is pronounced [a] in Southern Russian?

answer: unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable

text: unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable

question: What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with?

answer: modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian)

text: modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian)


text: Wang and Nyima state that after the official title "Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364) by the Yuan court, this title appeared frequently with his name in various Tibetan texts, while his Tibetan title "Degsi" (sic properly sde-srid or desi) is seldom mentioned. Wang and Nyima take this to mean that "even in the later period of the Yuan dynasty, the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty maintained a Central-local government relation." The Tai Situpa is even supposed to have written in his will: "In the past I received loving care from the emperor in the east. If the emperor continues to care for us, please follow his edicts and the imperial envoy should be well received."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Wang

text: and

text: Nyima

text: state

text: that

text: after

text: the

text: official

text: title

text: Education

text: Minister

text: was

text: granted

text: to

text: Tai

text: Situ

text: Changchub

text: Gyaltsen

text: by

text: the

text: Yuan

text: court

text: this

text: title

text: appeared

text: frequently

text: with

text: his

text: name

text: in

text: various

text: Tibetan

text: texts

text: while

text: his

text: Tibetan

text: title

text: Degsi

text: sic

text: properly

text: sde

text: srid

text: or

text: desi

text: is

text: seldom

text: mentioned

text: Wang

text: and

text: Nyima

text: take

text: this

text: to

text: mean

text: that

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: the

text: Yuan

text: imperial

text: court

text: and

text: the

text: Phagmodrupa

text: Dynasty

text: maintained

text: a

text: Central

text: local

text: government

text: relation

text: The

text: Tai

text: Situpa

text: is

text: even

text: supposed

text: to

text: have

text: written

text: in

text: his

text: will

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: I

text: received

text: loving

text: care

text: from

text: the

text: emperor

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: If

text: the

text: emperor

text: continues

text: to

text: care

text: for

text: us

text: please

text: follow

text: his

text: edicts

text: and

text: the

text: imperial

text: envoy

text: should

text: be

text: well

text: received

question: What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ?

answer: Education Minister

text: Education Minister

question: What Tibetan title was hardly ever mentioned when referring to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen?

answer: Degsi

text: Degsi

question: What dynasty kept a Central-local government relation with the Yuan imperial court?

answer: Phagmodrupa Dynasty

text: Phagmodrupa Dynasty

question: What two people claim the title of Education Minister was often seen next to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's name in Tibetan texts?

answer: Wang and Nyima

text: Wang and Nyima

question: Who wrote in their will that they received loving care from the emperor in the east?

answer: The Tai Situpa

text: The Tai Situpa


text: Some topological spaces may be endowed with a group law. In order for the group law and the topology to interweave well, the group operations must be continuous functions, that is, g • h, and g−1 must not vary wildly if g and h vary only little. Such groups are called topological groups, and they are the group objects in the category of topological spaces. The most basic examples are the reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), and similarly with any other topological field such as the complex numbers or p-adic numbers. All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis. The former offer an abstract formalism of invariant integrals. Invariance means, in the case of real numbers for example:

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Some

text: topological

text: spaces

text: may

text: be

text: endowed

text: with

text: a

text: group

text: law

text: In

text: order

text: for

text: the

text: group

text: law

text: and

text: the

text: topology

text: to

text: interweave

text: well

text: the

text: group

text: operations

text: must

text: be

text: continuous

text: functions

text: that

text: is

text: g

text: h

text: and

text: must

text: not

text: vary

text: wildly

text: if

text: g

text: and

text: h

text: vary

text: only

text: little

text: Such

text: groups

text: are

text: called

text: topological

text: groups

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: the

text: group

text: objects

text: in

text: the

text: category

text: of

text: topological

text: spaces

text: The

text: most

text: basic

text: examples

text: are

text: the

text: reals

text: R

text: under

text: addition

text: R

text: and

text: similarly

text: with

text: any

text: other

text: topological

text: field

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: complex

text: numbers

text: or

text: p

text: adic

text: numbers

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: groups

text: are

text: locally

text: compact

text: so

text: they

text: have

text: Haar

text: measures

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: studied

text: via

text: harmonic

text: analysis

text: The

text: former

text: offer

text: an

text: abstract

text: formalism

text: of

text: invariant

text: integrals

text: Invariance

text: means

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: real

text: numbers

text: for

text: example

question: What group operations must occur for group law and topology to integrate well?

answer: continuous functions

text: continuous functions

question: What is the most simple example of topological groups?

answer: reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·),

text: reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·),

question: What variables do locally compact groups share that can be studied by harmonic analysis?

answer: Haar measures

text: Haar measures


text: In 1991, there were only two proposals available that could be completely assessed for an MPEG audio standard: Musicam (Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing) and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding). The Musicam technique, as proposed by Philips (the Netherlands), CCETT (France) and Institut für Rundfunktechnik (Germany) was chosen due to its simplicity and error robustness, as well as its low computational power associated with the encoding of high quality compressed audio. The Musicam format, based on sub-band coding, was the basis of the MPEG Audio compression format (sampling rates, structure of frames, headers, number of samples per frame).

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: two

text: proposals

text: available

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: completely

text: assessed

text: for

text: an

text: MPEG

text: audio

text: standard

text: Musicam

text: Masking

text: pattern

text: adapted

text: Universal

text: Subband

text: Integrated

text: Coding

text: And

text: Multiplexing

text: and

text: ASPEC

text: Adaptive

text: Spectral

text: Perceptual

text: Entropy

text: Coding

text: The

text: Musicam

text: technique

text: as

text: proposed

text: by

text: Philips

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: CCETT

text: France

text: and

text: Institut

text: für

text: Rundfunktechnik

text: Germany

text: was

text: chosen

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: simplicity

text: and

text: error

text: robustness

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: low

text: computational

text: power

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: encoding

text: of

text: high

text: quality

text: compressed

text: audio

text: The

text: Musicam

text: format

text: based

text: on

text: sub

text: band

text: coding

text: was

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: MPEG

text: Audio

text: compression

text: format

text: sampling

text: rates

text: structure

text: of

text: frames

text: headers

text: number

text: of

text: samples

text: per

text: frame

question: How many proposals were available in 1991?

answer: two

text: two

question: Other than ASPEC what was another proposal?

answer: Musicam

text: Musicam

question: The Musicam format was proposed by Philips, based in which country?

answer: Netherlands

text: Netherlands

question: Which other quality alongside simplicty was key in selecting this proposal?

answer: error robustness

text: error robustness

question: What was the Musican format based on?

answer: sub-band coding

text: sub-band coding


text: Immanuel Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, described time as an a priori intuition that allows us (together with the other a priori intuition, space) to comprehend sense experience. With Kant, neither space nor time are conceived as substances, but rather both are elements of a systematic mental framework that necessarily structures the experiences of any rational agent, or observing subject. Kant thought of time as a fundamental part of an abstract conceptual framework, together with space and number, within which we sequence events, quantify their duration, and compare the motions of objects. In this view, time does not refer to any kind of entity that "flows," that objects "move through," or that is a "container" for events. Spatial measurements are used to quantify the extent of and distances between objects, and temporal measurements are used to quantify the durations of and between events. Time was designated by Kant as the purest possible schema of a pure concept or category.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: in

text: the

text: Critique

text: of

text: Pure

text: Reason

text: described

text: time

text: as

text: an

text: a

text: priori

text: intuition

text: that

text: allows

text: us

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: a

text: priori

text: intuition

text: space

text: to

text: comprehend

text: sense

text: experience

text: With

text: Kant

text: neither

text: space

text: nor

text: time

text: are

text: conceived

text: as

text: substances

text: but

text: rather

text: both

text: are

text: elements

text: of

text: a

text: systematic

text: mental

text: framework

text: that

text: necessarily

text: structures

text: the

text: experiences

text: of

text: any

text: rational

text: agent

text: or

text: observing

text: subject

text: Kant

text: thought

text: of

text: time

text: as

text: a

text: fundamental

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: abstract

text: conceptual

text: framework

text: together

text: with

text: space

text: and

text: number

text: within

text: which

text: we

text: sequence

text: events

text: quantify

text: their

text: duration

text: and

text: compare

text: the

text: motions

text: of

text: objects

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: time

text: does

text: not

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: entity

text: that

text: flows

text: that

text: objects

text: move

text: through

text: or

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: container

text: for

text: events

text: Spatial

text: measurements

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: quantify

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: and

text: distances

text: between

text: objects

text: and

text: temporal

text: measurements

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: quantify

text: the

text: durations

text: of

text: and

text: between

text: events

text: Time

text: was

text: designated

text: by

text: Kant

text: as

text: the

text: purest

text: possible

text: schema

text: of

text: a

text: pure

text: concept

text: or

text: category

question: In what did Immanuel Kant describe time as a priori intuition that allows humankind to understand sense experience?

answer: the Critique of Pure Reason

text: the Critique of Pure Reason

question: What did Kant portray space and time to be?

answer: both are elements of a systematic mental framework

text: both are elements of a systematic mental framework

question: Kant thought of time as a fundamental part of what?

answer: an abstract conceptual framework

text: an abstract conceptual framework

question: What type of measurements are used to quantify the duration of events?

answer: temporal measurements

text: temporal measurements

question: What type of measurements are used to quantify the distances between objects?

answer: Spatial measurements

text: Spatial measurements


text: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Various

text: classes

text: of

text: Vajrayana

text: literature

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: royal

text: courts

text: sponsoring

text: both

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Saivism

text: The

text: Mañjusrimulakalpa

text: which

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: classified

text: under

text: Kriyatantra

text: states

text: that

text: mantras

text: taught

text: in

text: the

text: Saiva

text: Garuda

text: and

text: Vaisnava

text: tantras

text: will

text: be

text: effective

text: if

text: applied

text: by

text: Buddhists

text: since

text: they

text: were

text: all

text: taught

text: originally

text: by

text: Manjushri

text: The

text: Guhyasiddhi

text: of

text: Padmavajra

text: a

text: work

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Guhyasamaja

text: tradition

text: prescribes

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: Saiva

text: guru

text: and

text: initiating

text: members

text: into

text: Saiva

text: Siddhanta

text: scriptures

text: and

text: mandalas

text: The

text: Samvara

text: tantra

text: texts

text: adopted

text: the

text: pitha

text: list

text: from

text: the

text: Saiva

text: text

text: Tantrasadbhava

text: introducing

text: a

text: copying

text: error

text: where

text: a

text: deity

text: was

text: mistaken

text: for

text: a

text: place

question: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?

answer: Saivism

text: Saivism

question: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?

answer: Buddhists

text: Buddhists

question: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?

answer: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra

text: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra


text: The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers, exalted the accomplishments of Charles Martel, and circulated stories of the family's great piety. At the time of his death in 768, Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons, Charles (r. 768–814) and Carloman (r. 768–771). When Carloman died of natural causes, Charles blocked the succession of Carloman's young son and installed himself as the king of the united Austrasia and Neustria. Charles, more often known as Charles the Great or Charlemagne, embarked upon a programme of systematic expansion in 774 that unified a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards, which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States.[L]

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Carolingian

text: dynasty

text: as

text: the

text: successors

text: to

text: Charles

text: Martel

text: are

text: known

text: officially

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Austrasia

text: and

text: Neustria

text: in

text: a

text: coup

text: of

text: led

text: by

text: Pippin

text: III

text: r.

text: A

text: contemporary

text: chronicle

text: claims

text: that

text: Pippin

text: sought

text: and

text: gained

text: authority

text: for

text: this

text: coup

text: from

text: Pope

text: Stephen

text: II

text: pope

text: Pippin

text: 's

text: takeover

text: was

text: reinforced

text: with

text: propaganda

text: that

text: portrayed

text: the

text: Merovingians

text: as

text: inept

text: or

text: cruel

text: rulers

text: exalted

text: the

text: accomplishments

text: of

text: Charles

text: Martel

text: and

text: circulated

text: stories

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: 's

text: great

text: piety

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Pippin

text: left

text: his

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: his

text: two

text: sons

text: Charles

text: r.

text: and

text: Carloman

text: r.

text: When

text: Carloman

text: died

text: of

text: natural

text: causes

text: Charles

text: blocked

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: Carloman

text: 's

text: young

text: son

text: and

text: installed

text: himself

text: as

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: united

text: Austrasia

text: and

text: Neustria

text: Charles

text: more

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: Charles

text: the

text: Great

text: or

text: Charlemagne

text: embarked

text: upon

text: a

text: programme

text: of

text: systematic

text: expansion

text: in

text: that

text: unified

text: a

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: Europe

text: eventually

text: controlling

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: northern

text: Italy

text: and

text: Saxony

text: In

text: the

text: wars

text: that

text: lasted

text: beyond

text: he

text: rewarded

text: allies

text: with

text: war

text: booty

text: and

text: command

text: over

text: parcels

text: of

text: land

text: In

text: Charlemagne

text: conquered

text: the

text: Lombards

text: which

text: freed

text: the

text: papacy

text: from

text: the

text: fear

text: of

text: Lombard

text: conquest

text: and

text: marked

text: the

text: beginnings

text: of

text: the

text: Papal

text: States.[L

question: What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel?

answer: Carolingian

text: Carolingian

question: In what year did the Carolingians take over Neustria?

answer: 753

question: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?

answer: Pippin III

text: Pippin III

question: When did Stephen II become pope?

answer: 752

question: Along with Charles, who was the son of Pippin?

answer: Carloman

text: Carloman