text: During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not set well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. No reduction, however, in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: During

text: the

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: continued

text: to

text: scrutinize

text: the

text: reserve

text: forces

text: and

text: to

text: question

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: divisions

text: and

text: brigades

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: redundancy

text: of

text: maintaining

text: two

text: reserve

text: components

text: the

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: Reserve

text: In

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: Robert

text: McNamara

text: decided

text: that

text: combat

text: divisions

text: in

text: the

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: were

text: unnecessary

text: and

text: cut

text: the

text: number

text: to

text: divisions

text: mechanized

text: infantry

text: armored

text: and

text: infantry

text: but

text: increased

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: brigades

text: from

text: to

text: airborne

text: armored

text: mechanized

text: infantry

text: and

text: infantry

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: divisions

text: did

text: not

text: set

text: well

text: with

text: the

text: states

text: Their

text: objections

text: included

text: the

text: inadequate

text: maneuver

text: element

text: mix

text: for

text: those

text: that

text: remained

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: rotating

text: divisional

text: commands

text: among

text: the

text: states

text: that

text: supported

text: them

text: Under

text: the

text: proposal

text: the

text: remaining

text: division

text: commanders

text: were

text: to

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: division

text: base

text: No

text: reduction

text: however

text: in

text: total

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: strength

text: was

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: which

text: convinced

text: the

text: governors

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: plan

text: The

text: states

text: reorganized

text: their

text: forces

text: accordingly

text: between

text: December

text: and

text: May

question: Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967?

answer: Robert McNamara

text: Robert McNamara

question: How many divisions did the Secretary of Defense cut the original 15 down to?

answer: 8

question: How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense increase the number to?

answer: 18


text: Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: Since

text: the

text: cardinal

text: bishops

text: have

text: only

text: a

text: titular

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: suburbicarian

text: sees

text: with

text: no

text: powers

text: of

text: governance

text: over

text: them

text: Each

text: see

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: bishop

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Ostia

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Cardinal

text: Vicar

text: of

text: the

text: see

text: of

text: Rome

text: is

text: apostolic

text: administrator

question: Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?

answer: 1962

question: Which see doesn't have its own bishop?

answer: Ostia

text: Ostia

question: Who is in charge of Ostia?

answer: Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.

text: Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.

question: In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?

answer: 1962

question: What see is the one exception to this rule?

answer: Ostia

text: Ostia

question: Who has power over the exception?

answer: the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome

text: the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome


text: In addition to limiting the total average power used by the device, the USB specification limits the inrush current (i.e., that used to charge decoupling and filter capacitors) when the device is first connected. Otherwise, connecting a device could cause problems with the host's internal power. USB devices are also required to automatically enter ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended. Nevertheless, many USB host interfaces do not cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended.

title: USB

title: USB

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: limiting

text: the

text: total

text: average

text: power

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: device

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: limits

text: the

text: inrush

text: current

text: i.e.

text: that

text: used

text: to

text: charge

text: decoupling

text: and

text: filter

text: capacitors

text: when

text: the

text: device

text: is

text: first

text: connected

text: Otherwise

text: connecting

text: a

text: device

text: could

text: cause

text: problems

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: 's

text: internal

text: power

text: USB

text: devices

text: are

text: also

text: required

text: to

text: automatically

text: enter

text: ultra

text: low

text: power

text: suspend

text: mode

text: when

text: the

text: USB

text: host

text: is

text: suspended

text: Nevertheless

text: many

text: USB

text: host

text: interfaces

text: do

text: not

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: power

text: supply

text: to

text: USB

text: devices

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: suspended

question: What does the USB specification limit?

answer: the inrush current

text: the inrush current

question: When is the inrush current affected by the USB specification?

answer: when the device is first connected

text: when the device is first connected

question: What are USB devices required to enter?

answer: ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended

text: ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended

question: Many USB host interfaces do not what?

answer: cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended

text: cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended


text: In the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. Today, the floor event occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood, which is supported by springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor. This provides a firm surface that provides extra bounce or spring when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve greater height and a softer landing after the composed skill. Gymnasts perform a choreographed routine up to 90 seconds in the floor exercise event; Depending on the level, they may choose their own, or, if known as a "compulsory gymnast," default music must be played. In some gymnastic associations such as United States Association of Gymnastic Clubs (USAIGC), gymnasts are allowed to have vocals in their music but at USA Gymnastics competitions a large deduction is taken from the score for having vocals in the music. The routine should consist of tumbling lines, series of jumps, leaps, dance elements, acrobatic skills, and turns, or piviots, on one foot. A gymnast can perform up to four tumbling lines that usually includes at least one flight element without hand support. Each level of gymnastics requires the athlete to perform a different number of tumbling passes. In level 7 in the United States, a gymnast is required to do 2–3, and in levels 8–10, at least 3–4 tumbling passes are required.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: the

text: floor

text: exercise

text: event

text: was

text: executed

text: on

text: the

text: bare

text: floor

text: or

text: mats

text: such

text: as

text: wrestling

text: mats

text: Today

text: the

text: floor

text: event

text: occurs

text: on

text: a

text: carpeted

text: m

text: m

text: square

text: usually

text: consisting

text: of

text: hard

text: foam

text: over

text: a

text: layer

text: of

text: plywood

text: which

text: is

text: supported

text: by

text: springs

text: or

text: foam

text: blocks

text: generally

text: called

text: a

text: spring

text: floor

text: This

text: provides

text: a

text: firm

text: surface

text: that

text: provides

text: extra

text: bounce

text: or

text: spring

text: when

text: compressed

text: allowing

text: gymnasts

text: to

text: achieve

text: greater

text: height

text: and

text: a

text: softer

text: landing

text: after

text: the

text: composed

text: skill

text: Gymnasts

text: perform

text: a

text: choreographed

text: routine

text: up

text: to

text: seconds

text: in

text: the

text: floor

text: exercise

text: event

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: they

text: may

text: choose

text: their

text: own

text: or

text: if

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: compulsory

text: gymnast

text: default

text: music

text: must

text: be

text: played

text: In

text: some

text: gymnastic

text: associations

text: such

text: as

text: United

text: States

text: Association

text: of

text: Gymnastic

text: Clubs

text: USAIGC

text: gymnasts

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: have

text: vocals

text: in

text: their

text: music

text: but

text: at

text: USA

text: Gymnastics

text: competitions

text: a

text: large

text: deduction

text: is

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: score

text: for

text: having

text: vocals

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: The

text: routine

text: should

text: consist

text: of

text: tumbling

text: lines

text: series

text: of

text: jumps

text: leaps

text: dance

text: elements

text: acrobatic

text: skills

text: and

text: turns

text: or

text: piviots

text: on

text: one

text: foot

text: A

text: gymnast

text: can

text: perform

text: up

text: to

text: four

text: tumbling

text: lines

text: that

text: usually

text: includes

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: flight

text: element

text: without

text: hand

text: support

text: Each

text: level

text: of

text: gymnastics

text: requires

text: the

text: athlete

text: to

text: perform

text: a

text: different

text: number

text: of

text: tumbling

text: passes

text: In

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: a

text: gymnast

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: do

text: and

text: in

text: levels

text: at

text: least

text: tumbling

text: passes

text: are

text: required

question: What is the floor exercise events performed on now?

answer: a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood

text: a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood

question: What was the floor exercise even on before?

answer: the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats

text: the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats

question: Why helps add an extra bounce to the floor?

answer: springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor

text: springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor

question: What is the maximum for floor events?

answer: up to 90 seconds

text: up to 90 seconds


text: Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments, since their home equity had disappeared. This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Countrywide

text: sued

text: by

text: California

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Jerry

text: Brown

text: for

text: unfair

text: business

text: practices

text: and

text: false

text: advertising

text: was

text: making

text: high

text: cost

text: mortgages

text: to

text: homeowners

text: with

text: weak

text: credit

text: adjustable

text: rate

text: mortgages

text: ARMs

text: that

text: allowed

text: homeowners

text: to

text: make

text: interest

text: only

text: payments

text: When

text: housing

text: prices

text: decreased

text: homeowners

text: in

text: ARMs

text: then

text: had

text: little

text: incentive

text: to

text: pay

text: their

text: monthly

text: payments

text: since

text: their

text: home

text: equity

text: had

text: disappeared

text: This

text: caused

text: Countrywide

text: 's

text: financial

text: condition

text: to

text: deteriorate

text: ultimately

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: decision

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Thrift

text: Supervision

text: to

text: seize

text: the

text: lender

question: Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?

answer: California Attorney General Jerry Brown

text: California Attorney General Jerry Brown

question: What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?

answer: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)

text: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)

question: What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased?

answer: disappeared

text: disappeared

question: Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?

answer: Office of Thrift Supervision

text: Office of Thrift Supervision

question: What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have?

answer: weak credit

text: weak credit


text: The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: received

text: its

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: as

text: a

text: university

text: in

text: has

text: over

text: students

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: research

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: Academic

text: Ranking

text: of

text: World

text: Universities

text: In

text: the

text: THES

text: QS

text: World

text: University

text: Rankings

text: positioned

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: university

text: considers

text: itself

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: research

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: a

text: global

text: reputation

text: for

text: research

text: into

text: engineering

text: sciences

text: oceanography

text: chemistry

text: cancer

text: sciences

text: sound

text: and

text: vibration

text: research

text: computer

text: science

text: and

text: electronics

text: optoelectronics

text: and

text: textile

text: conservation

text: at

text: the

text: Textile

text: Conservation

text: Centre

text: which

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: close

text: in

text: October

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Oceanography

text: Centre

text: Southampton

text: NOCS

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: Natural

text: Environment

text: Research

text: Council

text: funded

text: marine

text: research

question: What year was the University of Southampton founded?

answer: 1862

question: When did the University of Southampton receive university designation by official Royal Charter?

answer: 1952

question: The University of Southampton has more than what number of students attending?

answer: 22,000

question: What research centre at the University of Southampton is abbreviated NOCS?

answer: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton

text: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton

question: What organization ranked the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities worldwide in 2010?

answer: THES - QS World University Rankings

text: THES - QS World University Rankings


text: The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers. The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on. The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales. Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: is

text: also

text: strongly

text: felt

text: in

text: musical

text: theatre

text: where

text: many

text: of

text: Idol

text: alumni

text: have

text: forged

text: successful

text: careers

text: The

text: striking

text: effect

text: of

text: former

text: American

text: Idol

text: contestants

text: on

text: Broadway

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: and

text: commented

text: on

text: The

text: casting

text: of

text: a

text: popular

text: Idol

text: contestant

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: significantly

text: increased

text: ticket

text: sales

text: Other

text: alumni

text: have

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: television

text: and

text: films

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: being

text: Jennifer

text: Hudson

text: who

text: on

text: the

text: recommendation

text: of

text: the

text: Idol

text: vocal

text: coach

text: Debra

text: Byrd

text: won

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: Dreamgirls

text: and

text: subsequently

text: received

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: her

text: performance

question: Which American Idol contestant won an Oscar for Dreamgirls?

answer: Jennifer Hudson

text: Jennifer Hudson

question: What job does Debra Byrd do on American Idol?

answer: vocal coach

text: vocal coach

question: In what area of the entertainment industry have some Idol contestants found success?

answer: musical theatre

text: musical theatre

question: Which Idol won an Academy Award?

answer: Jennifer Hudson

text: Jennifer Hudson

question: What film did Jennifer Hudson win an Academy Award for?

answer: Dreamgirls

text: Dreamgirls

question: Who recommended the role for Hudon?

answer: Debra Byrd

text: Debra Byrd


text: Kermes is also mentioned in the Bible. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to have the Israelites bring him an offering including cloth "of blue, and purple, and scarlet." The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning "colored twice with coccus." Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye. This was also the origin of the expression "dyed in the grain."

title: Red

title: Red

text: Kermes

text: is

text: also

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: In

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Exodus

text: God

text: instructs

text: Moses

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: Israelites

text: bring

text: him

text: an

text: offering

text: including

text: cloth

text: of

text: blue

text: and

text: purple

text: and

text: scarlet

text: The

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: scarlet

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Latin

text: Vulgate

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: passage

text: is

text: coccumque

text: bis

text: tinctum

text: meaning

text: colored

text: twice

text: with

text: coccus

text: Coccus

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Kokkos

text: means

text: a

text: tiny

text: grain

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: that

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: ancient

text: times

text: for

text: the

text: Kermes

text: vermilio

text: insect

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: Kermes

text: dye

text: This

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: expression

text: dyed

text: in

text: the

text: grain

question: In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet?

answer: the Book of Exodus

text: the Book of Exodus

question: What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?

answer: colored twice with coccus

text: colored twice with coccus

question: In ancient greek, what is coccus referred to as?

answer: Kokkos

text: Kokkos

question: What does Kokkos mean in english?

answer: a tiny grain

text: a tiny grain

question: In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum?

answer: 4th century

text: 4th century


text: Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renaissance was a result of greater opulence, more recent studies have suggested that there might have been a so-called 'depression of the Renaissance'. In spite of convincing arguments for the case, the statistical evidence is simply too incomplete for a definite conclusion to be made.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Though

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: doubt

text: that

text: the

text: demographic

text: crisis

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: caused

text: a

text: dramatic

text: fall

text: in

text: production

text: and

text: commerce

text: in

text: absolute

text: terms

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: vigorous

text: historical

text: debate

text: over

text: whether

text: the

text: decline

text: was

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: fall

text: in

text: population

text: While

text: the

text: older

text: orthodoxy

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: artistic

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: greater

text: opulence

text: more

text: recent

text: studies

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: there

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: depression

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: convincing

text: arguments

text: for

text: the

text: case

text: the

text: statistical

text: evidence

text: is

text: simply

text: too

text: incomplete

text: for

text: a

text: definite

text: conclusion

text: to

text: be

text: made

question: What caused the decrease in commerce and production in the 14th century?

answer: demographic crisis

text: demographic crisis

question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of great opulence?

answer: depression of the Renaissance

text: depression of the Renaissance

question: What type of evidence is too incomplete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance?

answer: statistical

text: statistical

question: What is posited as the cause of increased artistic output during the Renaissance?

answer: greater opulence

text: greater opulence


text: The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island. Directly north of the Bronx are (from west to east) the adjoining Westchester County communities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Pelham Manor and New Rochelle. (There is also a short southern land boundary with Marble Hill in the Borough of Manhattan, over the filled-in former course of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Marble Hill's postal ZIP code, telephonic Area Code and fire service, however, are shared with the Bronx and not Manhattan.)

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: almost

text: entirely

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: The

text: Hudson

text: River

text: separates

text: the

text: Bronx

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: from

text: Alpine

text: Tenafly

text: and

text: Englewood

text: Cliffs

text: in

text: Bergen

text: County

text: New

text: Jersey

text: the

text: Harlem

text: River

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: Queens

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Long

text: Island

text: Sound

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: Nassau

text: County

text: in

text: western

text: Long

text: Island

text: Directly

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: are

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: the

text: adjoining

text: Westchester

text: County

text: communities

text: of

text: Yonkers

text: Mount

text: Vernon

text: Pelham

text: Manor

text: and

text: New

text: Rochelle

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: short

text: southern

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Marble

text: Hill

text: in

text: the

text: Borough

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: over

text: the

text: filled

text: in

text: former

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: Spuyten

text: Duyvil

text: Creek

text: Marble

text: Hill

text: 's

text: postal

text: ZIP

text: code

text: telephonic

text: Area

text: Code

text: and

text: fire

text: service

text: however

text: are

text: shared

text: with

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: not

text: Manhattan

question: What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx?

answer: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs

text: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs

question: What county is Tenafly in?

answer: Bergen County

text: Bergen County

question: What state is Alpine in?

answer: New Jersey

text: New Jersey

question: What's on the other side of the Harlem River from the Bronx?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx?

answer: Queens

text: Queens


text: For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs. This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: For

text: all

text: iPods

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: earlier

text: some

text: equalizer

text: EQ

text: sound

text: settings

text: would

text: distort

text: the

text: bass

text: sound

text: far

text: too

text: easily

text: even

text: on

text: undemanding

text: songs

text: This

text: would

text: happen

text: for

text: EQ

text: settings

text: like

text: R&B

text: Rock

text: Acoustic

text: and

text: Bass

text: Booster

text: because

text: the

text: equalizer

text: amplified

text: the

text: digital

text: audio

text: level

text: beyond

text: the

text: software

text: 's

text: limit

text: causing

text: distortion

text: clipping

text: on

text: bass

text: instruments

question: What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007?

answer: Bass

text: Bass

question: Name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 iPods.

answer: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster

text: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster

question: What specific problem caused the issue with bass distortion?

answer: clipping

text: clipping

question: iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?

answer: 2006

question: What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?

answer: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster

text: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster


text: When World War I broke out leading to confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire in the Caucasus and Persian Campaigns, the new government in Istanbul began to look on the Armenians with distrust and suspicion. This was because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers. On 24 April 1915, Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities and, with the Tehcir Law (29 May 1915), eventually a large proportion of Armenians living in Anatolia perished in what has become known as the Armenian Genocide.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: When

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: broke

text: out

text: leading

text: to

text: confrontation

text: between

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: and

text: Persian

text: Campaigns

text: the

text: new

text: government

text: in

text: Istanbul

text: began

text: to

text: look

text: on

text: the

text: Armenians

text: with

text: distrust

text: and

text: suspicion

text: This

text: was

text: because

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Russian

text: Army

text: contained

text: a

text: contingent

text: of

text: Armenian

text: volunteers

text: On

text: April

text: Armenian

text: intellectuals

text: were

text: arrested

text: by

text: Ottoman

text: authorities

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Tehcir

text: Law

text: May

text: eventually

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: Armenians

text: living

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: perished

text: in

text: what

text: has

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

question: What instigated conflict between the Ottoman and Russian Empire?

answer: World War I

text: World War I

question: When did the Tehcir Law come to fruition?

answer: 29 May 1915

text: 29 May 1915

question: Which army had a group of Armenian volunteers fighting for them?

answer: Russian Army

text: Russian Army

question: Where did the Armenian Genocide occur?

answer: Anatolia

text: Anatolia


text: Tourism, especially religious tourism, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches, archaeological, other historical and biblical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number of incoming tourists is on the rebound. In 2013, a record of 3.54 million tourists visited Israel with the most popular site of attraction being the Western Wall with 68% of tourists visiting there. Israel has the highest number of museums per capita in the world.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Tourism

text: especially

text: religious

text: tourism

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: industry

text: in

text: Israel

text: with

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: temperate

text: climate

text: beaches

text: archaeological

text: other

text: historical

text: and

text: biblical

text: sites

text: and

text: unique

text: geography

text: also

text: drawing

text: tourists

text: Israel

text: 's

text: security

text: problems

text: have

text: taken

text: their

text: toll

text: on

text: the

text: industry

text: but

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: incoming

text: tourists

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: rebound

text: In

text: a

text: record

text: of

text: million

text: tourists

text: visited

text: Israel

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: site

text: of

text: attraction

text: being

text: the

text: Western

text: Wall

text: with

text: of

text: tourists

text: visiting

text: there

text: Israel

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: museums

text: per

text: capita

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What is an important industry in Israel?

answer: Tourism

text: Tourism

question: How many tourists visited Israel in 2013?

answer: 3.54 million

text: 3.54 million

question: What is the most popular tourist attraction in Israel?

answer: Western Wall

text: Western Wall


text: Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the 4th century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians. When the Christian emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, he took steps toward the dissolution of the order. His successor Theodosius I extinguished Vesta's sacred fire and vacated her temple.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Augustus

text: religious

text: reformations

text: raised

text: the

text: funding

text: and

text: public

text: profile

text: of

text: the

text: Vestals

text: They

text: were

text: given

text: high

text: status

text: seating

text: at

text: games

text: and

text: theatres

text: The

text: emperor

text: Claudius

text: appointed

text: them

text: as

text: priestesses

text: to

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: the

text: deified

text: Livia

text: wife

text: of

text: Augustus

text: They

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: retained

text: their

text: religious

text: and

text: social

text: distinctions

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: after

text: political

text: power

text: within

text: the

text: Empire

text: had

text: shifted

text: to

text: the

text: Christians

text: When

text: the

text: Christian

text: emperor

text: Gratian

text: refused

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: pontifex

text: maximus

text: he

text: took

text: steps

text: toward

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: His

text: successor

text: Theodosius

text: I

text: extinguished

text: Vesta

text: 's

text: sacred

text: fire

text: and

text: vacated

text: her

text: temple

question: What group's status was improved by Augustus' religious reforms?

answer: Vestals

text: Vestals

question: What advantage was there in being a Vestal at games?

answer: seating

text: seating

question: For whose cult were the Vestals appointed as priestesses?

answer: Livia

text: Livia

question: Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?

answer: 4th century

text: 4th century

question: Which emperor disbanded the Vestals?

answer: Theodosius I

text: Theodosius I


text: The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the "workshop of the world". The British Empire expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During this century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: American

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: caused

text: Britain

text: to

text: lose

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: colonies

text: British

text: attention

text: soon

text: turned

text: towards

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: and

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: Britain

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: naval

text: and

text: imperial

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: London

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: from

text: about

text: Unchallenged

text: at

text: sea

text: British

text: dominance

text: was

text: later

text: described

text: as

text: Pax

text: Britannica

text: British

text: Peace

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: relative

text: peace

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: became

text: the

text: global

text: hegemon

text: and

text: adopted

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: global

text: policeman

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: began

text: to

text: transform

text: Britain

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Exhibition

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: workshop

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: British

text: Empire

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: India

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: territories

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Alongside

text: the

text: formal

text: control

text: it

text: exerted

text: over

text: its

text: own

text: colonies

text: British

text: dominance

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: world

text: trade

text: meant

text: that

text: it

text: effectively

text: controlled

text: the

text: economies

text: of

text: many

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Asia

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: Domestically

text: political

text: attitudes

text: favoured

text: free

text: trade

text: and

text: laissez

text: faire

text: policies

text: and

text: a

text: gradual

text: widening

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: franchise

text: During

text: this

text: century

text: the

text: population

text: increased

text: at

text: a

text: dramatic

text: rate

text: accompanied

text: by

text: rapid

text: urbanisation

text: causing

text: significant

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: stresses

text: To

text: seek

text: new

text: markets

text: and

text: sources

text: of

text: raw

text: materials

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: under

text: Disraeli

text: launched

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: imperialist

text: expansion

text: in

text: Egypt

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: became

text: self

text: governing

text: dominions

question: When did the Thirteen Colonies become independent from Britain?

answer: 1783

question: Which war caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies?

answer: American War of Independence

text: American War of Independence

question: In which wars was France defeated?

answer: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

text: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

question: What did Pax Britannica mean?

answer: British Peace

text: British Peace

question: When was Britain called the "workshop of the world"?

answer: 1851


text: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: the

text: more

text: Venezuelans

text: opposing

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: policies

text: of

text: president

text: Hugo

text: Chávez

text: migrated

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: mostly

text: to

text: Florida

text: but

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Houston

text: are

text: other

text: destinations

text: The

text: largest

text: concentration

text: of

text: Venezuelans

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: in

text: South

text: Florida

text: especially

text: the

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Doral

text: and

text: Weston

text: Other

text: main

text: states

text: with

text: Venezuelan

text: American

text: populations

text: are

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: New

text: York

text: California

text: Texas

text: adding

text: their

text: existing

text: Hispanic

text: populations

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: Maryland

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: Venezuelan

text: community

text: include

text: Miami

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: Washington

text: D.C.

question: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans?

answer: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States

text: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States

question: What areas of America did the Venezuelans settle in?

answer: mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida

text: mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida

question: Are there any other areas of America Venezuelans settled in?

answer: New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.

text: New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.

question: Where are the most populated city's Venezuelan live in?

answer: Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

text: Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.


text: Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Although

text: most

text: aspirated

text: obstruents

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: language

text: are

text: stops

text: and

text: affricates

text: aspirated

text: fricatives

text: such

text: as

text: sʰ

text: fʰ

text: or

text: ɕʰ

text: have

text: been

text: documented

text: in

text: Korean

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: Tibeto

text: Burman

text: languages

text: in

text: some

text: Oto

text: Manguean

text: languages

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Siouan

text: language

text: Ofo

text: Some

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Choni

text: Tibetan

text: have

text: up

text: to

text: four

text: contrastive

text: aspirated

text: fricatives

text: sʰ

text: ɕʰ

text: ʂʰ

text: and

text: xʰ

question: How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?

answer: up to four

text: up to four


text: The light energy captured by chlorophyll a is initially in the form of electrons (and later a proton gradient) that's used to make molecules of ATP and NADPH which temporarily store and transport energy. Their energy is used in the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco to produce molecules of the 3-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the first product of photosynthesis and the raw material from which glucose and almost all other organic molecules of biological origin are synthesized. Some of the glucose is converted to starch which is stored in the chloroplast. Starch is the characteristic energy store of most land plants and algae, while inulin, a polymer of fructose is used for the same purpose in the sunflower family Asteraceae. Some of the glucose is converted to sucrose (common table sugar) for export to the rest of the plant.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: light

text: energy

text: captured

text: by

text: chlorophyll

text: a

text: is

text: initially

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: electrons

text: and

text: later

text: a

text: proton

text: gradient

text: that

text: 's

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: molecules

text: of

text: ATP

text: and

text: NADPH

text: which

text: temporarily

text: store

text: and

text: transport

text: energy

text: Their

text: energy

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: independent

text: reactions

text: of

text: the

text: Calvin

text: cycle

text: by

text: the

text: enzyme

text: rubisco

text: to

text: produce

text: molecules

text: of

text: the

text: sugar

text: glyceraldehyde

text: Glyceraldehyde

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: product

text: of

text: photosynthesis

text: and

text: the

text: raw

text: material

text: from

text: which

text: glucose

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: other

text: organic

text: molecules

text: of

text: biological

text: origin

text: are

text: synthesized

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: glucose

text: is

text: converted

text: to

text: starch

text: which

text: is

text: stored

text: in

text: the

text: chloroplast

text: Starch

text: is

text: the

text: characteristic

text: energy

text: store

text: of

text: most

text: land

text: plants

text: and

text: algae

text: while

text: inulin

text: a

text: polymer

text: of

text: fructose

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: purpose

text: in

text: the

text: sunflower

text: family

text: Asteraceae

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: glucose

text: is

text: converted

text: to

text: sucrose

text: common

text: table

text: sugar

text: for

text: export

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: plant

question: What is the function of ATP and NADPH molecules?

answer: store and transport energy

text: store and transport energy

question: When is the raw form of glucose formed?

answer: first product of photosynthesis

text: first product of photosynthesis

question: What is stored in the chloroplast?

answer: starch

text: starch

question: What is used instead of glucose in sunflowers?

answer: fructose

text: fructose

question: Why is table sugar produced?

answer: for export to the rest of the plant

text: for export to the rest of the plant


text: The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: The

text: Melbourne

text: rail

text: network

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: privately

text: built

text: lines

text: from

text: the

text: gold

text: rush

text: era

text: and

text: today

text: the

text: suburban

text: network

text: consists

text: of

text: suburban

text: stations

text: on

text: lines

text: which

text: radiate

text: from

text: the

text: City

text: Loop

text: a

text: partially

text: underground

text: metro

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: beneath

text: the

text: Central

text: Business

text: District

text: Hoddle

text: Grid

text: Flinders

text: Street

text: Station

text: is

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: busiest

text: railway

text: station

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: passenger

text: station

text: in

text: It

text: remains

text: a

text: prominent

text: Melbourne

text: landmark

text: and

text: meeting

text: place

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: rail

text: connections

text: with

text: regional

text: Victorian

text: cities

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: direct

text: interstate

text: rail

text: services

text: to

text: Sydney

text: and

text: Adelaide

text: and

text: beyond

text: which

text: depart

text: from

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: other

text: major

text: rail

text: terminus

text: Southern

text: Cross

text: Station

text: in

text: Spencer

text: Street

text: In

text: the

text: financial

text: year

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: rail

text: network

text: recorded

text: million

text: passenger

text: trips

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: its

text: history

text: Many

text: rail

text: lines

text: along

text: with

text: dedicated

text: lines

text: and

text: rail

text: yards

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: freight

text: The

text: Overland

text: to

text: Adelaide

text: departs

text: Southern

text: Cross

text: twice

text: a

text: week

text: while

text: the

text: XPT

text: to

text: Sydney

text: departs

text: twice

text: a

text: day

question: How many lines does the Melbourne rail network have?

answer: 16

question: Which rail station is Melbourne's busiest?

answer: Flinders Street Station

text: Flinders Street Station

question: Which Melbourne rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926?

answer: Flinders Street Station

text: Flinders Street Station

question: During which financial year did the Melbourne rail network record its highest volume of passenger trips?

answer: 2013–2014

question: How often does the XPT to Sydney depart?

answer: twice a day

text: twice a day


text: The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788; the first female ascent in 1819. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger).

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: first

text: British

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: ascent

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: ascent

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: Swiss

text: mountaineers

text: had

text: ascended

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: peaks

text: and

text: were

text: eagerly

text: sought

text: as

text: mountain

text: guides

text: Edward

text: Whymper

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: in

text: after

text: seven

text: attempts

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: great

text: north

text: faces

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: was

text: climbed

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: ascent

text: of

text: the

text: Eiger

text: Nordwand

text: north

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: Eiger

question: When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent?

answer: 1788

question: When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc?

answer: 1819

question: When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks?

answer: the mid-1850s

text: the mid-1850s

question: What year did Edward Whymper reach the top of the Matterhorn?

answer: 1865

question: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed?

answer: 1938


text: Some Belgian cities hold Carnivals during Lent. One of the best-known is Stavelot, where the Carnival de la Laetare takes place on Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of Lent. The participants include the Blancs-Moussis, who dress in white, carry long red noses and parade through town attacking bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders. The town of Halle also celebrates on Laetare Sunday. Belgium's oldest parade is the Carnival Parade of Maaseik, also held on Laetare Sunday, which originated in 1865.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Some

text: Belgian

text: cities

text: hold

text: Carnivals

text: during

text: Lent

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: is

text: Stavelot

text: where

text: the

text: Carnival

text: de

text: la

text: Laetare

text: takes

text: place

text: on

text: Laetare

text: Sunday

text: the

text: fourth

text: Sunday

text: of

text: Lent

text: The

text: participants

text: include

text: the

text: Blancs

text: Moussis

text: who

text: dress

text: in

text: white

text: carry

text: long

text: red

text: noses

text: and

text: parade

text: through

text: town

text: attacking

text: bystanders

text: with

text: confetti

text: and

text: dried

text: pig

text: bladders

text: The

text: town

text: of

text: Halle

text: also

text: celebrates

text: on

text: Laetare

text: Sunday

text: Belgium

text: 's

text: oldest

text: parade

text: is

text: the

text: Carnival

text: Parade

text: of

text: Maaseik

text: also

text: held

text: on

text: Laetare

text: Sunday

text: which

text: originated

text: in

question: What do some Belgian cities hold during Lent?

answer: Carnivals

text: Carnivals

question: What Carnival takes place on Laetare Sunday?

answer: the Carnival de la Laetare

text: the Carnival de la Laetare

question: What group of participants attack bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders?

answer: Blancs-Moussis

text: Blancs-Moussis

question: What day does the town of Halle engage in its celebration?

answer: Laetare Sunday

text: Laetare Sunday

question: What's the name of Belgium's oldest parade?

answer: Carnival Parade of Maaseik

text: Carnival Parade of Maaseik


text: Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Victoria

text: was

text: pleased

text: when

text: Gladstone

text: resigned

text: in

text: after

text: his

text: budget

text: was

text: defeated

text: She

text: thought

text: his

text: government

text: was

text: the

text: worst

text: I

text: have

text: ever

text: had

text: and

text: blamed

text: him

text: for

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: General

text: Gordon

text: at

text: Khartoum

text: Gladstone

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Lord

text: Salisbury

text: Salisbury

text: 's

text: government

text: only

text: lasted

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: however

text: and

text: Victoria

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: recall

text: Gladstone

text: whom

text: she

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: half

text: crazy

text: really

text: in

text: many

text: ways

text: ridiculous

text: old

text: man

text: Gladstone

text: attempted

text: to

text: pass

text: a

text: bill

text: granting

text: Ireland

text: home

text: rule

text: but

text: to

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: glee

text: it

text: was

text: defeated

text: In

text: the

text: ensuing

text: election

text: Gladstone

text: 's

text: party

text: lost

text: to

text: Salisbury

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: switched

text: hands

text: again

question: What year did Gladstone resign?

answer: 1885

question: Gladstone resigned after what was defeted?

answer: his budget

text: his budget

question: Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who?

answer: General Gordon at Khartoum.

text: General Gordon at Khartoum.

question: Who replaced Gladstone after he resigned?

answer: Lord Salisbury

text: Lord Salisbury

question: How long did Lord Salisburys government last?

answer: a few months

text: a few months

question: What man was Gladstone blamed for after his death at Khartoum?

answer: General Gordon

text: General Gordon

question: Who replaced Gladstone for only a few short months?

answer: Lord Salisbury

text: Lord Salisbury

question: What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure?

answer: granting Ireland home rule

text: granting Ireland home rule

question: Who defeated Gladstone yet again in the general elction?

answer: Salisbury

text: Salisbury

question: Why did Gladstone resign in 1885?

answer: his budget was defeated

text: his budget was defeated

question: When did Gladstone resign?

answer: 1885

question: Why did Gladstone resign?

answer: his budget was defeated

text: his budget was defeated

question: How did Victoria feel about the resignation of Gladstone?

answer: pleased

text: pleased

question: Who's death did Victoria blame on Gladstone?

answer: General Gordon

text: General Gordon

question: Who replaced Gladstone?

answer: Lord Salisbury

text: Lord Salisbury


text: The Procession, held at sundown, consists of a non-motorized parade through downtown Tucson featuring many floats, sculptures, and memorials, in which the community is encouraged to participate. The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators. The event is organized and funded by the non-profit arts organization Many Mouths One Stomach, with the assistance of many volunteers and donations from the public and local businesses.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: Procession

text: held

text: at

text: sundown

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: non

text: motorized

text: parade

text: through

text: downtown

text: Tucson

text: featuring

text: many

text: floats

text: sculptures

text: and

text: memorials

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: community

text: is

text: encouraged

text: to

text: participate

text: The

text: parade

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: performances

text: on

text: an

text: outdoor

text: stage

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: burning

text: of

text: an

text: urn

text: in

text: which

text: written

text: prayers

text: have

text: been

text: collected

text: from

text: participants

text: and

text: spectators

text: The

text: event

text: is

text: organized

text: and

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: non

text: profit

text: arts

text: organization

text: Many

text: Mouths

text: One

text: Stomach

text: with

text: the

text: assistance

text: of

text: many

text: volunteers

text: and

text: donations

text: from

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: local

text: businesses

question: What time of day is The Procession?

answer: sundown

text: sundown

question: What is burned at The Procession?

answer: an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators

text: an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators

question: What group runs The Procession?

answer: Many Mouths One Stomach

text: Many Mouths One Stomach

question: What kind of group runs The Procession?

answer: non-profit arts organization

text: non-profit arts organization

question: What kind of parade is The Procession?

answer: non-motorized

text: non-motorized


text: During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: During

text: his

text: period

text: in

text: Milan

text: Montini

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: progressive

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: hierarchy

text: Montini

text: went

text: new

text: ways

text: in

text: pastoral

text: care

text: which

text: he

text: reformed

text: He

text: used

text: his

text: authority

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: liturgical

text: reforms

text: of

text: Pius

text: XII

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: and

text: employed

text: innovative

text: methods

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Milan

text: Huge

text: posters

text: announced

text: that

text: voices

text: would

text: speak

text: to

text: them

text: from

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: priests

text: and

text: many

text: bishops

text: cardinals

text: and

text: lay

text: persons

text: delivered

text: sermons

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: churches

text: but

text: in

text: factories

text: meeting

text: halls

text: houses

text: courtyards

text: schools

text: offices

text: military

text: barracks

text: hospitals

text: hotels

text: and

text: other

text: places

text: where

text: people

text: meet

text: His

text: goal

text: was

text: the

text: re

text: introduction

text: of

text: faith

text: to

text: a

text: city

text: without

text: much

text: religion

text: If

text: only

text: we

text: can

text: say

text: Our

text: Father

text: and

text: know

text: what

text: this

text: means

text: then

text: we

text: would

text: understand

text: the

text: Christian

text: faith

question: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership?

answer: progressive

text: progressive

question: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?

answer: pastoral care

text: pastoral care

question: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?

answer: posters

text: posters

question: How many "voices" did Montini's posters claim the people of Milan would hear?

answer: 1,000

question: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?

answer: 7,000


text: In 1355 in Buda King Casimir III the Great issued the first country-wide privilege for the nobility, in exchange for their agreement that in the lack of Casimir's male heirs, the throne would pass to his nephew, Louis I of Hungary. He decreed that the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes, or use their own funds for military expeditions abroad. He also promised that during travels of the royal court, the king and the court would pay for all expenses, instead of using facilities of local nobility.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: in

text: Buda

text: King

text: Casimir

text: III

text: the

text: Great

text: issued

text: the

text: first

text: country

text: wide

text: privilege

text: for

text: the

text: nobility

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: their

text: agreement

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: Casimir

text: 's

text: male

text: heirs

text: the

text: throne

text: would

text: pass

text: to

text: his

text: nephew

text: Louis

text: I

text: of

text: Hungary

text: He

text: decreed

text: that

text: the

text: nobility

text: would

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: extraordinary

text: taxes

text: or

text: use

text: their

text: own

text: funds

text: for

text: military

text: expeditions

text: abroad

text: He

text: also

text: promised

text: that

text: during

text: travels

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: court

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: the

text: court

text: would

text: pay

text: for

text: all

text: expenses

text: instead

text: of

text: using

text: facilities

text: of

text: local

text: nobility

question: When did buda king casimir issue the heir to his nephew?

answer: 1355

question: who issied the first country wide privilege for the nobility?

answer: Buda King Casimir III the Great

text: Buda King Casimir III the Great

question: WHo is the nephew of buda king casimer III the great?

answer: Louis I of Hungary

text: Louis I of Hungary

question: What was promised by Buda King Casimer?

answer: the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes

text: the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes

question: WHo would pay for expenses during travels or the royal courts?

answer: the king and the court

text: the king and the court


text: Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as large stretches of open water. The specific routes may be genetically programmed or learned to varying degrees. The routes taken on forward and return migration are often different. A common pattern in North America is clockwise migration, where birds flying North tend to be further West, and flying South tend to shift Eastwards.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Most

text: migrations

text: begin

text: with

text: the

text: birds

text: starting

text: off

text: in

text: a

text: broad

text: front

text: Often

text: this

text: front

text: narrows

text: into

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: preferred

text: routes

text: termed

text: flyways

text: These

text: routes

text: typically

text: follow

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: or

text: coastlines

text: sometimes

text: rivers

text: and

text: may

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: updrafts

text: and

text: other

text: wind

text: patterns

text: or

text: avoid

text: geographical

text: barriers

text: such

text: as

text: large

text: stretches

text: of

text: open

text: water

text: The

text: specific

text: routes

text: may

text: be

text: genetically

text: programmed

text: or

text: learned

text: to

text: varying

text: degrees

text: The

text: routes

text: taken

text: on

text: forward

text: and

text: return

text: migration

text: are

text: often

text: different

text: A

text: common

text: pattern

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: clockwise

text: migration

text: where

text: birds

text: flying

text: North

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: further

text: West

text: and

text: flying

text: South

text: tend

text: to

text: shift

text: Eastwards

question: How do most migrations begin?

answer: the birds starting off in a broad front

text: the birds starting off in a broad front

question: What to the migrating birds usually follow?

answer: mountain ranges or coastlines

text: mountain ranges or coastlines

question: What obsticals will migrating birds avoid?

answer: large stretches of open water

text: large stretches of open water

question: What is a common pattern in North America migration?

answer: clockwise

text: clockwise

question: What are the preferred routes for migration called?

answer: flyways

text: flyways


text: However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is for wealthy member countries to guarantee or purchase the debt of countries that have defaulted or are likely to default. This alternative requires that the tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries be used to refinance the previous borrowing of the weaker member countries, and is politically controversial.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: However

text: if

text: the

text: debt

text: rescheduling

text: causes

text: losses

text: on

text: loans

text: held

text: by

text: European

text: banks

text: it

text: weakens

text: the

text: private

text: banking

text: system

text: which

text: then

text: puts

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: central

text: bank

text: to

text: come

text: to

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: those

text: banks

text: Private

text: sector

text: bond

text: holders

text: are

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: banking

text: system

text: Another

text: possible

text: response

text: is

text: for

text: wealthy

text: member

text: countries

text: to

text: guarantee

text: or

text: purchase

text: the

text: debt

text: of

text: countries

text: that

text: have

text: defaulted

text: or

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: default

text: This

text: alternative

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: tax

text: revenues

text: and

text: credit

text: of

text: the

text: wealthy

text: member

text: countries

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: refinance

text: the

text: previous

text: borrowing

text: of

text: the

text: weaker

text: member

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: politically

text: controversial

question: What would cause the private banking system to weaken?

answer: if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks

text: if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks

question: Who purchases the debt of countries that cannot repay and are in danger of default?

answer: wealthy member countries

text: wealthy member countries

question: What happens when the private banking system is weakened?

answer: pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks

text: pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks

question: What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt?

answer: tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries

text: tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries

question: Is using the tax revenues and credit of the more stable banks to bail out the ones in danger of default an accepted practice?

answer: is politically controversial

text: is politically controversial


text: In Italy, Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge (a.k.a. P2). This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877, as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges. Under Licio Gelli's leadership, in the late 1970s, P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank. However, by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly, as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: In

text: Italy

text: Freemasonry

text: has

text: become

text: linked

text: to

text: a

text: scandal

text: concerning

text: the

text: Propaganda

text: Due

text: lodge

text: a.k.a

text: This

text: lodge

text: was

text: chartered

text: by

text: the

text: Grande

text: Oriente

text: d'Italia

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: lodge

text: for

text: visiting

text: Masons

text: unable

text: to

text: attend

text: their

text: own

text: lodges

text: Under

text: Licio

text: Gelli

text: 's

text: leadership

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: became

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: financial

text: scandals

text: that

text: nearly

text: bankrupted

text: the

text: Vatican

text: Bank

text: However

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: lodge

text: was

text: operating

text: independently

text: and

text: irregularly

text: as

text: the

text: Grand

text: Orient

text: had

text: revoked

text: its

text: charter

text: and

text: expelled

text: Gelli

text: in

question: Freemasonry was linked to scandal in Italy due to what?

answer: Propaganda Due lodge

text: Propaganda Due lodge

question: The Propaganda Due Lodge was chartered by who?

answer: Grande Oriente d'Italia

text: Grande Oriente d'Italia

question: When did the Grande Oriente d'italia charter the Propaganda Due Lodge?

answer: 1877

question: The Propaganda Due Lodge was also know as what?

answer: P2

question: When did the Grand Orient d'italia expel Licio Gelli and revoked the charter of P2?

answer: 1976


text: Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators, connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction processing environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications. DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these functions. from databases before the inception of Structured Query Language (SQL). The data recovered was disparate, redundant and disorderly, since there was no proper method to fetch it and arrange it in a concrete structure.[citation needed]

title: Database

title: Database

text: Physically

text: database

text: servers

text: are

text: dedicated

text: computers

text: that

text: hold

text: the

text: actual

text: databases

text: and

text: run

text: only

text: the

text: DBMS

text: and

text: related

text: software

text: Database

text: servers

text: are

text: usually

text: multiprocessor

text: computers

text: with

text: generous

text: memory

text: and

text: RAID

text: disk

text: arrays

text: used

text: for

text: stable

text: storage

text: RAID

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: recovery

text: of

text: data

text: if

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: disks

text: fail

text: Hardware

text: database

text: accelerators

text: connected

text: to

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: servers

text: via

text: a

text: high

text: speed

text: channel

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: large

text: volume

text: transaction

text: processing

text: environments

text: DBMSs

text: are

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: most

text: database

text: applications

text: DBMSs

text: may

text: be

text: built

text: around

text: a

text: custom

text: multitasking

text: kernel

text: with

text: built

text: in

text: networking

text: support

text: but

text: modern

text: DBMSs

text: typically

text: rely

text: on

text: a

text: standard

text: operating

text: system

text: to

text: provide

text: these

text: functions

text: from

text: databases

text: before

text: the

text: inception

text: of

text: Structured

text: Query

text: Language

text: SQL

text: The

text: data

text: recovered

text: was

text: disparate

text: redundant

text: and

text: disorderly

text: since

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: proper

text: method

text: to

text: fetch

text: it

text: and

text: arrange

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: concrete

text: structure.[citation

text: needed

question: What do most database applications contain?

answer: DBMSs

text: DBMSs

question: What is used to recover data if disks suffer a failure?

answer: RAID

text: RAID

question: How can large quantities of data be accessed?

answer: Hardware database accelerators

text: Hardware database accelerators

question: What is required for a modern DBMS to function?

answer: standard operating system

text: standard operating system


text: Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe, with the most renowned being the universities of Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh. These universities, especially Edinburgh, produced professors whose ideas had a significant impact on Britain's North American colonies and, later, the American Republic. Within the natural sciences, Edinburgh's medical also led the way in chemistry, anatomy and pharmacology. In other parts of Europe, the universities and schools of France and most of Europe were bastions of traditionalism and were not hospitable to the Enlightenment. In France, the major exception was the medical university at Montpellier.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: universities

text: associated

text: with

text: Enlightenment

text: progressive

text: principles

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: northern

text: Europe

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

text: being

text: the

text: universities

text: of

text: Leiden

text: Göttingen

text: Halle

text: Montpellier

text: Uppsala

text: and

text: Edinburgh

text: These

text: universities

text: especially

text: Edinburgh

text: produced

text: professors

text: whose

text: ideas

text: had

text: a

text: significant

text: impact

text: on

text: Britain

text: 's

text: North

text: American

text: colonies

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: American

text: Republic

text: Within

text: the

text: natural

text: sciences

text: Edinburgh

text: 's

text: medical

text: also

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: chemistry

text: anatomy

text: and

text: pharmacology

text: In

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: universities

text: and

text: schools

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: Europe

text: were

text: bastions

text: of

text: traditionalism

text: and

text: were

text: not

text: hospitable

text: to

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: In

text: France

text: the

text: major

text: exception

text: was

text: the

text: medical

text: university

text: at

text: Montpellier

question: Where were many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles located?

answer: northern Europe

text: northern Europe

question: Which six universities were the most renowned in northern Europe?

answer: Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh

text: Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh

question: Which university, especially, produced professors whose ideas had a significant impact on the colonies?

answer: Edinburgh

text: Edinburgh

question: Which of  France's universities was the exception and was hospitable to the Enlightenment?

answer: the medical university at Montpellier

text: the medical university at Montpellier


text: Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of existing fish species), the forebrain has become "everted", like a sock turned inside out. In birds, there are also major changes in forebrain structure. These distortions can make it difficult to match brain components from one species with those of another species.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Although

text: the

text: same

text: basic

text: components

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: all

text: vertebrate

text: brains

text: some

text: branches

text: of

text: vertebrate

text: evolution

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: substantial

text: distortions

text: of

text: brain

text: geometry

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: forebrain

text: area

text: The

text: brain

text: of

text: a

text: shark

text: shows

text: the

text: basic

text: components

text: in

text: a

text: straightforward

text: way

text: but

text: in

text: teleost

text: fishes

text: the

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: existing

text: fish

text: species

text: the

text: forebrain

text: has

text: become

text: everted

text: like

text: a

text: sock

text: turned

text: inside

text: out

text: In

text: birds

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: major

text: changes

text: in

text: forebrain

text: structure

text: These

text: distortions

text: can

text: make

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: match

text: brain

text: components

text: from

text: one

text: species

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: another

text: species

question: The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes?

answer: teleost fishes

text: teleost fishes

question: Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species?

answer: forebrain area

text: forebrain area


text: Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Spinal motor neurons are controlled both by neural circuits intrinsic to the spinal cord, and by inputs that descend from the brain. The intrinsic spinal circuits implement many reflex responses, and contain pattern generators for rhythmic movements such as walking or swimming. The descending connections from the brain allow for more sophisticated control.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Motor

text: systems

text: are

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: that

text: are

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: involved

text: in

text: producing

text: body

text: movements

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: activating

text: muscles

text: Except

text: for

text: the

text: muscles

text: that

text: control

text: the

text: eye

text: which

text: are

text: driven

text: by

text: nuclei

text: in

text: the

text: midbrain

text: all

text: the

text: voluntary

text: muscles

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: are

text: directly

text: innervated

text: by

text: motor

text: neurons

text: in

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: and

text: hindbrain

text: Spinal

text: motor

text: neurons

text: are

text: controlled

text: both

text: by

text: neural

text: circuits

text: intrinsic

text: to

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: and

text: by

text: inputs

text: that

text: descend

text: from

text: the

text: brain

text: The

text: intrinsic

text: spinal

text: circuits

text: implement

text: many

text: reflex

text: responses

text: and

text: contain

text: pattern

text: generators

text: for

text: rhythmic

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: walking

text: or

text: swimming

text: The

text: descending

text: connections

text: from

text: the

text: brain

text: allow

text: for

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: control

question: What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain?

answer: the eye,

text: the eye,

question: All the muscles controlled by motor neurons in the body are controlled by what?

answer: spinal cord and hindbrain

text: spinal cord and hindbrain


text: The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a predominantly political choice of certain characteristics. In so doing, it questions the idea that identity is a natural given, characterised by fixed, supposedly objective criteria. Both approaches need to be understood in their respective political and historical contexts, characterised by debate on issues of class, race and ethnicity. While they have been criticized, they continue to exert an influence on approaches to the conceptualisation of identity today.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: The

text: first

text: favours

text: a

text: primordialist

text: approach

text: which

text: takes

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: self

text: and

text: belonging

text: to

text: a

text: collective

text: group

text: as

text: a

text: fixed

text: thing

text: defined

text: by

text: objective

text: criteria

text: such

text: as

text: common

text: ancestry

text: and

text: common

text: biological

text: characteristics

text: The

text: second

text: rooted

text: in

text: social

text: constructionist

text: theory

text: takes

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: identity

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: a

text: predominantly

text: political

text: choice

text: of

text: certain

text: characteristics

text: In

text: so

text: doing

text: it

text: questions

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: identity

text: is

text: a

text: natural

text: given

text: characterised

text: by

text: fixed

text: supposedly

text: objective

text: criteria

text: Both

text: approaches

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: understood

text: in

text: their

text: respective

text: political

text: and

text: historical

text: contexts

text: characterised

text: by

text: debate

text: on

text: issues

text: of

text: class

text: race

text: and

text: ethnicity

text: While

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: they

text: continue

text: to

text: exert

text: an

text: influence

text: on

text: approaches

text: to

text: the

text: conceptualisation

text: of

text: identity

text: today

question: What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing?

answer: a primordialist approach

text: a primordialist approach

question: The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory?

answer: social constructionist theory

text: social constructionist theory

question: Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts?

answer: political and historical contexts

text: political and historical contexts


text: While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: While

text: the

text: Downtown

text: and

text: New

text: Center

text: areas

text: contain

text: high

text: rise

text: buildings

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: city

text: consists

text: of

text: low

text: rise

text: structures

text: and

text: single

text: family

text: homes

text: Outside

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: core

text: residential

text: high

text: rises

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: upper

text: class

text: neighborhoods

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: East

text: Riverfront

text: extending

text: toward

text: Grosse

text: Pointe

text: and

text: the

text: Palmer

text: Park

text: neighborhood

text: just

text: west

text: of

text: Woodward

text: The

text: University

text: Commons

text: Palmer

text: Park

text: district

text: in

text: northwest

text: Detroit

text: near

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Detroit

text: Mercy

text: and

text: Marygrove

text: College

text: anchors

text: historic

text: neighborhoods

text: including

text: Palmer

text: Woods

text: Sherwood

text: Forest

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: District

question: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?

answer: Downtown and New Center

text: Downtown and New Center

question: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?

answer: Palmer Park

text: Palmer Park

question: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?

answer: historic

text: historic


text: The most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century. People in this period were also remarkably on the move. There is evidence suggesting that the empire's rapidly expanding population was geographically mobile on a scale, which, in term of its volume and its protracted and routinized nature, was unprecedented in Chinese history. Indeed, the Qing government did far more to encourage mobility than to discourage it. Migration took several different forms, though might be divided in two varieties: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn. Parties to the latter would include the empire's increasingly large and mobile manual workforce, as well as its densely overlapping internal diaspora of local-origin-based merchant groups. It would also included the patterned movement of Qing subjects overseas, largely to Southeastern Asia, in search of trade and other economic opportunities.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: most

text: significant

text: fact

text: of

text: early

text: and

text: mid

text: Qing

text: social

text: history

text: was

text: population

text: growth

text: The

text: population

text: doubled

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: People

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: were

text: also

text: remarkably

text: on

text: the

text: move

text: There

text: is

text: evidence

text: suggesting

text: that

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: rapidly

text: expanding

text: population

text: was

text: geographically

text: mobile

text: on

text: a

text: scale

text: which

text: in

text: term

text: of

text: its

text: volume

text: and

text: its

text: protracted

text: and

text: routinized

text: nature

text: was

text: unprecedented

text: in

text: Chinese

text: history

text: Indeed

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: did

text: far

text: more

text: to

text: encourage

text: mobility

text: than

text: to

text: discourage

text: it

text: Migration

text: took

text: several

text: different

text: forms

text: though

text: might

text: be

text: divided

text: in

text: two

text: varieties

text: permanent

text: migration

text: for

text: resettlement

text: and

text: relocation

text: conceived

text: by

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: theory

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: a

text: temporary

text: sojourn

text: Parties

text: to

text: the

text: latter

text: would

text: include

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: increasingly

text: large

text: and

text: mobile

text: manual

text: workforce

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: densely

text: overlapping

text: internal

text: diaspora

text: of

text: local

text: origin

text: based

text: merchant

text: groups

text: It

text: would

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: patterned

text: movement

text: of

text: Qing

text: subjects

text: overseas

text: largely

text: to

text: Southeastern

text: Asia

text: in

text: search

text: of

text: trade

text: and

text: other

text: economic

text: opportunities

question: What happened in early and middle Qing history?

answer: population growth

text: population growth

question: How much did the population grow during the 18th century?

answer: doubled

text: doubled

question: What were the 2 types of migration during the 18th century?

answer: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn

text: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn


text: Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Two

text: additional

text: teams

text: of

text: attendants

text: each

text: will

text: accompany

text: the

text: flame

text: on

text: its

text: Mainland

text: China

text: route

text: This

text: arrangement

text: has

text: however

text: sparked

text: several

text: controversies

question: How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: How many members are on each of these two teams?

answer: 40