text: All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, respectively). At the earliest stages of brain development, the three areas are roughly equal in size. In many classes of vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, the three parts remain similar in size in the adult, but in mammals the forebrain becomes much larger than the other parts, and the midbrain becomes very small.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: All

text: vertebrate

text: brains

text: share

text: a

text: common

text: underlying

text: form

text: which

text: appears

text: most

text: clearly

text: during

text: early

text: stages

text: of

text: embryonic

text: development

text: In

text: its

text: earliest

text: form

text: the

text: brain

text: appears

text: as

text: three

text: swellings

text: at

text: the

text: front

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: neural

text: tube

text: these

text: swellings

text: eventually

text: become

text: the

text: forebrain

text: midbrain

text: and

text: hindbrain

text: the

text: prosencephalon

text: mesencephalon

text: and

text: rhombencephalon

text: respectively

text: At

text: the

text: earliest

text: stages

text: of

text: brain

text: development

text: the

text: three

text: areas

text: are

text: roughly

text: equal

text: in

text: size

text: In

text: many

text: classes

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: such

text: as

text: fish

text: and

text: amphibians

text: the

text: three

text: parts

text: remain

text: similar

text: in

text: size

text: in

text: the

text: adult

text: but

text: in

text: mammals

text: the

text: forebrain

text: becomes

text: much

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: other

text: parts

text: and

text: the

text: midbrain

text: becomes

text: very

text: small

question: The forebrain during development is known as what?

answer: prosencephalon

text: prosencephalon

question: The midbrain during development is known as what?

answer: mesencephalon

text: mesencephalon

question: The hindbrain during development is known as what?

answer: rhombencephalon

text: rhombencephalon

question: Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest?

answer: mammals

text: mammals

question: During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what?

answer: neural tube;

text: neural tube;


text: This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: This

text: growing

text: coalition

text: expanded

text: the

text: potential

text: enemies

text: that

text: Rome

text: might

text: face

text: and

text: moved

text: Rome

text: closer

text: to

text: confrontation

text: with

text: major

text: powers

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: more

text: alliance

text: seeking

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Roman

text: confederacy

text: and

text: city

text: states

text: seeking

text: membership

text: and

text: protection

text: within

text: that

text: confederacy

text: While

text: there

text: were

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: such

text: as

text: military

text: rule

text: of

text: Sicily

text: after

text: the

text: First

text: Punic

text: War

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: that

text: these

text: alliances

text: started

text: to

text: harden

text: into

text: something

text: more

text: like

text: an

text: empire

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: certain

text: locations

text: This

text: shift

text: mainly

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: southern

text: Italian

text: towns

text: that

text: sided

text: with

text: Hannibal

question: After what war did the alliances start to solidify?

answer: Second Punic War

text: Second Punic War

question: What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area?

answer: This growing coalition

text: This growing coalition

question: What towns had chosen Hannibal's side?

answer: southern Italian

text: southern Italian

question: What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy?

answer: membership (and protection)

text: membership (and protection)


text: The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of the great landowning feudal nobles (możni/Magnates, both ecclesiastical and lay) from the rycerstwo they originated from. The prior social structure was one of Polish tribes united into the historic Polish nation under a state ruled by the Piast dynasty, this dynasty appearing circa 850 A.D.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: Period

text: of

text: Division

text: from

text: A.D.

text: A.D.

text: which

text: included

text: nearly

text: years

text: of

text: feudal

text: fragmentation

text: and

text: which

text: stemmed

text: from

text: Bolesław

text: III

text: 's

text: division

text: of

text: Poland

text: among

text: his

text: sons

text: was

text: the

text: genesis

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: structure

text: which

text: saw

text: the

text: economic

text: elevation

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: landowning

text: feudal

text: nobles

text: możni

text: Magnates

text: both

text: ecclesiastical

text: and

text: lay

text: from

text: the

text: rycerstwo

text: they

text: originated

text: from

text: The

text: prior

text: social

text: structure

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: Polish

text: tribes

text: united

text: into

text: the

text: historic

text: Polish

text: nation

text: under

text: a

text: state

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Piast

text: dynasty

text: this

text: dynasty

text: appearing

text: circa

text: A.D.

question: WHen was the period of Division?

answer: A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314

text: A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314

question: What stemmed the period of division?

answer: Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons

text: Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons

question: What tribe was the prior social structure from?

answer: Polish

text: Polish

question: WHen did the Piast dynasty appear?

answer: 850 A.D.

text: 850 A.D.

question: Polish nation ruled by what dynasty?

answer: Piast dynasty,

text: Piast dynasty,


text: Recent studies, as by the APG, show that the monocots form a monophyletic group (clade) but that the dicots do not (they are paraphyletic). Nevertheless, the majority of dicot species do form a monophyletic group, called the eudicots or tricolpates. Of the remaining dicot species, most belong to a third major clade known as the magnoliids, containing about 9,000 species. The rest include a paraphyletic grouping of primitive species known collectively as the basal angiosperms, plus the families Ceratophyllaceae and Chloranthaceae.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: Recent

text: studies

text: as

text: by

text: the

text: APG

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: monocots

text: form

text: a

text: monophyletic

text: group

text: clade

text: but

text: that

text: the

text: dicots

text: do

text: not

text: they

text: are

text: paraphyletic

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: dicot

text: species

text: do

text: form

text: a

text: monophyletic

text: group

text: called

text: the

text: eudicots

text: or

text: tricolpates

text: Of

text: the

text: remaining

text: dicot

text: species

text: most

text: belong

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: major

text: clade

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: magnoliids

text: containing

text: about

text: species

text: The

text: rest

text: include

text: a

text: paraphyletic

text: grouping

text: of

text: primitive

text: species

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: basal

text: angiosperms

text: plus

text: the

text: families

text: Ceratophyllaceae

text: and

text: Chloranthaceae

question: What type of groups do monocots form, based on a recent APG studies?

answer: monophyletic

text: monophyletic

question: Eudicots or tricolpates are part of a monophyletic group formed by what species?

answer: dicot

text: dicot

question: What third major clade can many dicot species be found in?

answer: magnoliids

text: magnoliids

question: How many species dicot species are magnoliids?

answer: about 9,000

text: about 9,000

question: Basal angiosperms are what type of grouping of primitive species?

answer: paraphyletic

text: paraphyletic


text: According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, becoming the second African American woman after Tyra Banks, and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: According

text: to

text: Italian

text: fashion

text: designer

text: Roberto

text: Cavalli

text: Beyoncé

text: uses

text: different

text: fashion

text: styles

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: her

text: music

text: while

text: performing

text: Her

text: mother

text: co

text: wrote

text: a

text: book

text: published

text: in

text: titled

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Style

text: an

text: account

text: of

text: how

text: fashion

text: had

text: an

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: trio

text: 's

text: success

text: The

text: B'Day

text: Anthology

text: Video

text: Album

text: showed

text: many

text: instances

text: of

text: fashion

text: oriented

text: footage

text: depicting

text: classic

text: to

text: contemporary

text: wardrobe

text: styles

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: was

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: Sports

text: Illustrated

text: Swimsuit

text: Issue

text: becoming

text: the

text: second

text: African

text: American

text: woman

text: after

text: Tyra

text: Banks

text: and

text: People

text: magazine

text: recognized

text: Beyoncé

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: dressed

text: celebrity

question: Which parent of Beyonce's help co-write a book?

answer: Her mother

text: Her mother

question: Which African-American woman before Beyonce had posed for SI Swimsuit issue?

answer: Tyra Banks

text: Tyra Banks

question: What was the title of Beyonce's mother's book?

answer: Destiny's Style

text: Destiny's Style

question: When was she on the Sports Illustrated cover?

answer: 2007

question: Who was she the second  African American on the cover after?

answer: Tyra Banks

text: Tyra Banks

question: Beyoncé was the second African American woman featured as a swimsuit cover on the magazine, who was first?

answer: Tyra Banks

text: Tyra Banks

question: What magazine said Beyoncé was the "best-dressed celebrity"?

answer: People

text: People


text: Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls, are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas. One Arctic tern, ringed (banded) as a chick on the Farne Islands off the British east coast, reached Melbourne, Australia in just three months from fledging, a sea journey of over 22,000 km (14,000 mi). Many tubenosed birds breed in the southern hemisphere and migrate north in the southern winter.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Seabird

text: migration

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: pattern

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: waders

text: and

text: waterfowl

text: Some

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: black

text: guillemot

text: Cepphus

text: grylle

text: and

text: some

text: gulls

text: are

text: quite

text: sedentary

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: most

text: terns

text: and

text: auks

text: breeding

text: in

text: the

text: temperate

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: move

text: varying

text: distances

text: south

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: winter

text: The

text: Arctic

text: tern

text: Sterna

text: paradisaea

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: distance

text: migration

text: of

text: any

text: bird

text: and

text: sees

text: more

text: daylight

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: moving

text: from

text: its

text: Arctic

text: breeding

text: grounds

text: to

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: non

text: breeding

text: areas

text: One

text: Arctic

text: tern

text: ringed

text: banded

text: as

text: a

text: chick

text: on

text: the

text: Farne

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: British

text: east

text: coast

text: reached

text: Melbourne

text: Australia

text: in

text: just

text: three

text: months

text: from

text: fledging

text: a

text: sea

text: journey

text: of

text: over

text: km

text: mi

text: Many

text: tubenosed

text: birds

text: breed

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: and

text: migrate

text: north

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: winter

question: Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?

answer: The Arctic tern

text: The Arctic tern

question: Which bird sees more daylight than any other during migration?

answer: The Arctic tern

text: The Arctic tern

question: How long did one Arctic tern take to migrate?

answer: three months

text: three months

question: How far did the Arctic tern chick travel?

answer: 22,000 km

text: 22,000 km

question: Where do tubenosed birds breed?

answer: the southern hemisphere

text: the southern hemisphere


text: The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to short circuits and dangerously high currents, circuit failures, or even fire. USB does not support cyclic networks and the standard connectors from incompatible USB devices are themselves incompatible.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: standard

text: connectors

text: were

text: deliberately

text: intended

text: to

text: enforce

text: the

text: directed

text: topology

text: of

text: a

text: USB

text: network

text: Type

text: A

text: receptacles

text: on

text: host

text: devices

text: that

text: supply

text: power

text: and

text: Type

text: B

text: receptacles

text: on

text: target

text: devices

text: that

text: draw

text: power

text: This

text: prevents

text: users

text: from

text: accidentally

text: connecting

text: two

text: USB

text: power

text: supplies

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: which

text: could

text: lead

text: to

text: short

text: circuits

text: and

text: dangerously

text: high

text: currents

text: circuit

text: failures

text: or

text: even

text: fire

text: USB

text: does

text: not

text: support

text: cyclic

text: networks

text: and

text: the

text: standard

text: connectors

text: from

text: incompatible

text: USB

text: devices

text: are

text: themselves

text: incompatible

question: What do Type-A receptacles do on host devices?

answer: supply power

text: supply power

question: What do Type-b receptacles do on target devices?

answer: draw power

text: draw power

question: What do the receptacles prevent user from doing?

answer: from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other

text: from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other

question: What networks do USB not support?

answer: cyclic networks

text: cyclic networks


text: Two distinct viewpoints on time divide many prominent philosophers. One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the universe, a dimension in which events occur in sequence. Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time. An opposing view is that time does not refer to any kind of actually existing dimension that events and objects "move through", nor to any entity that "flows", but that it is instead an intellectual concept (together with space and number) that enables humans to sequence and compare events. This second view, in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant, holds that space and time "do not exist in and of themselves, but ... are the product of the way we represent things", because we can know objects only as they appear to us.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Two

text: distinct

text: viewpoints

text: on

text: time

text: divide

text: many

text: prominent

text: philosophers

text: One

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: time

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: fundamental

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: a

text: dimension

text: in

text: which

text: events

text: occur

text: in

text: sequence

text: Sir

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: subscribed

text: to

text: this

text: realist

text: view

text: and

text: hence

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Newtonian

text: time

text: An

text: opposing

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: time

text: does

text: not

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: actually

text: existing

text: dimension

text: that

text: events

text: and

text: objects

text: move

text: through

text: nor

text: to

text: any

text: entity

text: that

text: flows

text: but

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: instead

text: an

text: intellectual

text: concept

text: together

text: with

text: space

text: and

text: number

text: that

text: enables

text: humans

text: to

text: sequence

text: and

text: compare

text: events

text: This

text: second

text: view

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Gottfried

text: Leibniz

text: and

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: holds

text: that

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: and

text: of

text: themselves

text: but

text: are

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: way

text: we

text: represent

text: things

text: because

text: we

text: can

text: know

text: objects

text: only

text: as

text: they

text: appear

text: to

text: us

question: How many main viewpoints divide many philosophers?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: The realist view states that time is part of the fundamental structure of what?

answer: the universe

text: the universe

question: The realist view is sometimes referred to as what?

answer: Newtonian time

text: Newtonian time

question: The opposing view states that time is an intellectual concept that allows people to what?

answer: to sequence and compare events

text: to sequence and compare events


text: The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: University

text: Daily

text: Kansan

text: operates

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: William

text: Allen

text: White

text: School

text: of

text: Journalism

text: and

text: reaches

text: an

text: audience

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: daily

text: readers

text: through

text: its

text: print

text: and

text: online

text: publications

question: In what two forms of media is the Daily Kansan available?

answer: print and online

text: print and online

question: What institution houses the Daily Kansan?

answer: William Allen White School of Journalism

text: William Allen White School of Journalism

question: How big is the Daily Kansan's audience?

answer: at least 30,000

text: at least 30,000


text: Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Seasonal

text: rankings

text: based

text: on

text: average

text: total

text: viewers

text: per

text: episode

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: It

text: holds

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: having

text: the

text: longest

text: winning

text: streak

text: in

text: the

text: Nielsen

text: annual

text: television

text: ratings

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: highest

text: rated

text: of

text: all

text: television

text: programs

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: overall

text: for

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: seven

text: consecutive

text: years

text: or

text: eight

text: consecutive

text: and

text: total

text: years

text: when

text: either

text: its

text: performance

text: or

text: result

text: show

text: was

text: ranked

text: number

text: one

text: overall

question: How many consecutive years was American Idol the top rated show?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many consecutive years did either the performance or results show rank number one?

answer: eight

text: eight


text: In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "postsecondary", or "higher" education (e.g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia, primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.

title: Education

title: Education

text: In

text: most

text: contemporary

text: educational

text: systems

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: secondary

text: education

text: comprises

text: the

text: formal

text: education

text: that

text: occurs

text: during

text: adolescence

text: It

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: transition

text: from

text: the

text: typically

text: compulsory

text: comprehensive

text: primary

text: education

text: for

text: minors

text: to

text: the

text: optional

text: selective

text: tertiary

text: postsecondary

text: or

text: higher

text: education

text: e.g.

text: university

text: vocational

text: school

text: for

text: adults

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: system

text: schools

text: for

text: this

text: period

text: or

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: secondary

text: or

text: high

text: schools

text: gymnasiums

text: lyceums

text: middle

text: schools

text: colleges

text: or

text: vocational

text: schools

text: The

text: exact

text: meaning

text: of

text: any

text: of

text: these

text: terms

text: varies

text: from

text: one

text: system

text: to

text: another

text: The

text: exact

text: boundary

text: between

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: education

text: also

text: varies

text: from

text: country

text: to

text: country

text: and

text: even

text: within

text: them

text: but

text: is

text: generally

text: around

text: the

text: seventh

text: to

text: the

text: tenth

text: year

text: of

text: schooling

text: Secondary

text: education

text: occurs

text: mainly

text: during

text: the

text: teenage

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: and

text: Australia

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: education

text: together

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: education

text: and

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Year

text: is

text: used

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: secondary

text: education

text: can

text: be

text: to

text: give

text: common

text: knowledge

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: higher

text: education

text: or

text: to

text: train

text: directly

text: in

text: a

text: profession

question: What does secondary education comprise of?

answer: formal education that occurs during adolescence

text: formal education that occurs during adolescence

question: What two examples were given of what "postsecondary" or "higher" education?

answer: university, vocational school

text: university, vocational school

question: When does secondary schooling typically take place?

answer: teenage years

text: teenage years

question: What is the purpose of secondary education?

answer: to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.

text: to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.


text: Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in the traffic pattern and direct aircraft on how to safely join and leave the circuit. Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must also contact Tower Control in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: Tower

text: Control

text: controls

text: aircraft

text: on

text: the

text: runway

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: controlled

text: airspace

text: immediately

text: surrounding

text: the

text: airport

text: Tower

text: controllers

text: may

text: use

text: radar

text: to

text: locate

text: an

text: aircraft

text: 's

text: position

text: in

text: three

text: dimensional

text: space

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: rely

text: on

text: pilot

text: position

text: reports

text: and

text: visual

text: observation

text: They

text: coordinate

text: the

text: sequencing

text: of

text: aircraft

text: in

text: the

text: traffic

text: pattern

text: and

text: direct

text: aircraft

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: safely

text: join

text: and

text: leave

text: the

text: circuit

text: Aircraft

text: which

text: are

text: only

text: passing

text: through

text: the

text: airspace

text: must

text: also

text: contact

text: Tower

text: Control

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: be

text: sure

text: that

text: they

text: remain

text: clear

text: of

text: other

text: traffic

question: Who controls aircraft on the runway?

answer: Tower Control

text: Tower Control

question: Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space?

answer: radar

text: radar

question: Who controls aircraft in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport?

answer: Tower Control

text: Tower Control

question: Why should aircraft that is only passing through an airspace contact Tower Control?

answer: in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic

text: in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic


text: The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture, which first pioneered irrigation agriculture. It appears that this culture was derived from the Samarran culture from northern Mesopotamia. It is not known whether or not these were the actual Sumerians who are identified with the later Uruk culture. Eridu remained an important religious center when it was gradually surpassed in size by the nearby city of Uruk. The story of the passing of the me (gifts of civilization) to Inanna, goddess of Uruk and of love and war, by Enki, god of wisdom and chief god of Eridu, may reflect this shift in hegemony.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: Ubaid

text: period

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: a

text: distinctive

text: style

text: of

text: fine

text: quality

text: painted

text: pottery

text: which

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: first

text: settlement

text: in

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: was

text: established

text: at

text: Eridu

text: Cuneiform

text: NUN.KI

text: c.

text: BC

text: by

text: farmers

text: who

text: brought

text: with

text: them

text: the

text: Hadji

text: Muhammed

text: culture

text: which

text: first

text: pioneered

text: irrigation

text: agriculture

text: It

text: appears

text: that

text: this

text: culture

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Samarran

text: culture

text: from

text: northern

text: Mesopotamia

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: known

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: actual

text: Sumerians

text: who

text: are

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: later

text: Uruk

text: culture

text: Eridu

text: remained

text: an

text: important

text: religious

text: center

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: gradually

text: surpassed

text: in

text: size

text: by

text: the

text: nearby

text: city

text: of

text: Uruk

text: The

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: the

text: me

text: gifts

text: of

text: civilization

text: to

text: Inanna

text: goddess

text: of

text: Uruk

text: and

text: of

text: love

text: and

text: war

text: by

text: Enki

text: god

text: of

text: wisdom

text: and

text: chief

text: god

text: of

text: Eridu

text: may

text: reflect

text: this

text: shift

text: in

text: hegemony

question: Fine quality painted pottery is a distinctive style of what period in Sumerian history?

answer: Ubaid

text: Ubaid

question: Where could the pottery be found spread throughout?

answer: Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf

text: Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf

question: During the Ubaid, where was the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia established?

answer: Eridu

text: Eridu

question: What type of agriculture did the farmers settling at Eridu bring with them?

answer: irrigation

text: irrigation

question: Who was the chief god of Eridu?

answer: Enki

text: Enki


text: The National History Museum of Montevideo is located in the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera. It exhibits artifacts related to the history of Uruguay. In a process begun in 1998, the National Museum of Natural History (1837) and the National Museum of Anthropology (1981), merged in 2001, becoming the National Museum of Natural History and Anthropology. In July 2009, the two institutions again became independent. The Historical Museum has annexed eight historical houses in the city, five of which are located in the Ciudad Vieja. One of them, on the same block with the main building, is the historic residence of Antonio Montero, which houses the Museo Romantico.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: National

text: History

text: Museum

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: historical

text: residence

text: of

text: General

text: Fructuoso

text: Rivera

text: It

text: exhibits

text: artifacts

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: In

text: a

text: process

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Anthropology

text: merged

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: and

text: Anthropology

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: two

text: institutions

text: again

text: became

text: independent

text: The

text: Historical

text: Museum

text: has

text: annexed

text: eight

text: historical

text: houses

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: five

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: One

text: of

text: them

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: block

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: building

text: is

text: the

text: historic

text: residence

text: of

text: Antonio

text: Montero

text: which

text: houses

text: the

text: Museo

text: Romantico

question: The National History Museum of Montevideo is located where?

answer: the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera

text: the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera

question: What houses the Museo Romantico?

answer: Antonio Montero

text: Antonio Montero

question: How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed?

answer: eight

text: eight


text: While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future. Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of cosmic time. However, these theorems assume that general relativity is correct, but general relativity must break down before the universe reaches the Planck temperature, and a correct treatment of quantum gravity may avoid the singularity.

title: Time

title: Time

text: While

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: model

text: is

text: well

text: established

text: in

text: cosmology

text: it

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: refined

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: Little

text: is

text: known

text: about

text: the

text: earliest

text: moments

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: 's

text: history

text: The

text: Penrose

text: Hawking

text: singularity

text: theorems

text: require

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: singularity

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: cosmic

text: time

text: However

text: these

text: theorems

text: assume

text: that

text: general

text: relativity

text: is

text: correct

text: but

text: general

text: relativity

text: must

text: break

text: down

text: before

text: the

text: universe

text: reaches

text: the

text: Planck

text: temperature

text: and

text: a

text: correct

text: treatment

text: of

text: quantum

text: gravity

text: may

text: avoid

text: the

text: singularity

question: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?

answer: cosmology

text: cosmology

question: How much is known about the early states of the universe?

answer: i

text: i

question: Which theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of time?

answer: The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems

text: The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems

question: These theorems have to assume what theory is correct?

answer: general relativity

text: general relativity

question: These theorems state that general relatively must break down before what?

answer: before the universe reaches the Planck temperature

text: before the universe reaches the Planck temperature


text: Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa supports van Praag's position. However, Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that these assertions by van Praag and Shakabpa are "fallacies".

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Historians

text: disagree

text: on

text: what

text: the

text: relationship

text: was

text: between

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: and

text: Tibet

text: and

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: Ming

text: China

text: had

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Tibet

text: Van

text: Praag

text: writes

text: that

text: Chinese

text: court

text: historians

text: viewed

text: Tibet

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: foreign

text: tributary

text: and

text: had

text: little

text: interest

text: in

text: Tibet

text: besides

text: a

text: lama

text: patron

text: relationship

text: The

text: historian

text: Tsepon

text: W.

text: D.

text: Shakabpa

text: supports

text: van

text: Praag

text: 's

text: position

text: However

text: Wang

text: Jiawei

text: and

text: Nyima

text: Gyaincain

text: state

text: that

text: these

text: assertions

text: by

text: van

text: Praag

text: and

text: Shakabpa

text: are

text: fallacies

question: Who supported van Praag's beliefs?

answer: historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa

text: historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa

question: Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?

answer: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain

text: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain


text: As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a regular canon under the Rule of St. Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: As

text: an

text: adolescent

text: he

text: had

text: a

text: particular

text: love

text: of

text: theology

text: and

text: the

text: Scriptures

text: became

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: his

text: spirituality

text: During

text: his

text: studies

text: in

text: Palencia

text: Spain

text: he

text: experienced

text: a

text: dreadful

text: famine

text: prompting

text: Dominic

text: to

text: sell

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: beloved

text: books

text: and

text: other

text: equipment

text: to

text: help

text: his

text: neighbors

text: After

text: he

text: completed

text: his

text: studies

text: Bishop

text: Martin

text: Bazan

text: and

text: Prior

text: Diego

text: d'Achebes

text: appointed

text: Dominic

text: to

text: the

text: cathedral

text: chapter

text: and

text: he

text: became

text: a

text: regular

text: canon

text: under

text: the

text: Rule

text: of

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: and

text: the

text: Constitutions

text: for

text: the

text: cathedral

text: church

text: of

text: Osma

text: At

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: four

text: or

text: twenty

text: five

text: he

text: was

text: ordained

text: to

text: the

text: priesthood

question: What subject did Dominic particularly love?

answer: theology

text: theology

question: Why did Dominic sell his books?

answer: to help his neighbors

text: to help his neighbors

question: In what country did Dominic experience a great famine?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: At around what age was Dominic ordained as a Priest?

answer: twenty-five

text: twenty-five

question: After completing his studies, under whose rule did he become a regular canon?

answer: St. Augustine

text: St. Augustine


text: Two contrasting viewpoints on time divide many prominent philosophers. One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the universe—a dimension independent of events, in which events occur in sequence. Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time. The opposing view is that time does not refer to any kind of "container" that events and objects "move through", nor to any entity that "flows", but that it is instead part of a fundamental intellectual structure (together with space and number) within which humans sequence and compare events. This second view, in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant, holds that time is neither an event nor a thing, and thus is not itself measurable nor can it be travelled.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Two

text: contrasting

text: viewpoints

text: on

text: time

text: divide

text: many

text: prominent

text: philosophers

text: One

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: time

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: fundamental

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: a

text: dimension

text: independent

text: of

text: events

text: in

text: which

text: events

text: occur

text: in

text: sequence

text: Sir

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: subscribed

text: to

text: this

text: realist

text: view

text: and

text: hence

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Newtonian

text: time

text: The

text: opposing

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: time

text: does

text: not

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: container

text: that

text: events

text: and

text: objects

text: move

text: through

text: nor

text: to

text: any

text: entity

text: that

text: flows

text: but

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: instead

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: fundamental

text: intellectual

text: structure

text: together

text: with

text: space

text: and

text: number

text: within

text: which

text: humans

text: sequence

text: and

text: compare

text: events

text: This

text: second

text: view

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Gottfried

text: Leibniz

text: and

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: holds

text: that

text: time

text: is

text: neither

text: an

text: event

text: nor

text: a

text: thing

text: and

text: thus

text: is

text: not

text: itself

text: measurable

text: nor

text: can

text: it

text: be

text: travelled

question: According to one of the main viewpoints of time, time is part of the fundamental structure of what?

answer: the universe

text: the universe

question: The realist view of time is sometimes referred to as what?

answer: Newtonian time

text: Newtonian time

question: What does the opposing view of time believe time is a part of?

answer: a fundamental intellectual structure

text: a fundamental intellectual structure


text: At this point, Fox whispered that there was "no loss of friendship". "I regret to say there is", Burke replied, "I have indeed made a great sacrifice; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend. There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches". This provoked a reply from Fox, yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion, he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship, but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered "unusually bitter sarcasms". This only aggravated the rupture between the two men. Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam, declining money from him.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: Fox

text: whispered

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: loss

text: of

text: friendship

text: I

text: regret

text: to

text: say

text: there

text: is

text: Burke

text: replied

text: I

text: have

text: indeed

text: made

text: a

text: great

text: sacrifice

text: I

text: have

text: done

text: my

text: duty

text: though

text: I

text: have

text: lost

text: my

text: friend

text: There

text: is

text: something

text: in

text: the

text: detested

text: French

text: constitution

text: that

text: envenoms

text: every

text: thing

text: it

text: touches

text: This

text: provoked

text: a

text: reply

text: from

text: Fox

text: yet

text: he

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: give

text: his

text: speech

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: since

text: he

text: was

text: overcome

text: with

text: tears

text: and

text: emotion

text: he

text: appealed

text: to

text: Burke

text: to

text: remember

text: their

text: inalienable

text: friendship

text: but

text: also

text: repeated

text: his

text: criticisms

text: of

text: Burke

text: and

text: uttered

text: unusually

text: bitter

text: sarcasms

text: This

text: only

text: aggravated

text: the

text: rupture

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: men

text: Burke

text: demonstrated

text: his

text: separation

text: from

text: the

text: party

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: writing

text: to

text: Fitzwilliam

text: declining

text: money

text: from

text: him

question: When did Burke leave the Whig party?

answer: 5 June 1791

text: 5 June 1791

question: Who did Burke turn down money from?

answer: Fitzwilliam

text: Fitzwilliam

question: What did Burke say 'envenoms everything it touches'?

answer: French constitution

text: French constitution

question: Who thought that Fox and Burke could still be friends?

answer: Fox

text: Fox

question: Who thought that Fox and Burke's friendship was lost?

answer: Burke

text: Burke


text: The house scene in cities such as Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London were also provided with many underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs alike which helped bolster an already contagious, but otherwise ignored by the mainstream, music genre. The earliest and influential UK house and techno record labels such as Warp Records and Network Records (otherwise known as Kool Kat records) helped introduce American and later Italian dance music to Britain as well as promoting select UK dance music acts.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: The

text: house

text: scene

text: in

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Birmingham

text: Leeds

text: Sheffield

text: and

text: London

text: were

text: also

text: provided

text: with

text: many

text: underground

text: Pirate

text: Radio

text: stations

text: and

text: DJs

text: alike

text: which

text: helped

text: bolster

text: an

text: already

text: contagious

text: but

text: otherwise

text: ignored

text: by

text: the

text: mainstream

text: music

text: genre

text: The

text: earliest

text: and

text: influential

text: UK

text: house

text: and

text: techno

text: record

text: labels

text: such

text: as

text: Warp

text: Records

text: and

text: Network

text: Records

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: Kool

text: Kat

text: records

text: helped

text: introduce

text: American

text: and

text: later

text: Italian

text: dance

text: music

text: to

text: Britain

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: promoting

text: select

text: UK

text: dance

text: music

text: acts

question: what cities in the UK had major house scenes?

answer: Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London

text: Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London

question: what helped to bolster house music in the uk?

answer: underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs

text: underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs

question: what were the earliest and most influential record labels in UK house music?

answer: Warp Records and Network Records

text: Warp Records and Network Records

question: what was network records also known as?

answer: Kool Kat records

text: Kool Kat records

question: what type of dance music was later introduced alongside American house music?

answer: Italian dance music

text: Italian dance music


text: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and inadequate film accessories. During the 1920s and 1930s, many Burmese-owned film companies made and produced several films. The first Burmese sound film was produced in 1932 in Bombay, India with the title Ngwe Pay Lo Ma Ya (Money Can't Buy It). After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes. Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: first

text: film

text: was

text: a

text: documentary

text: of

text: the

text: funeral

text: of

text: Tun

text: Shein

text: a

text: leading

text: politician

text: of

text: the

text: who

text: campaigned

text: for

text: Burmese

text: independence

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: first

text: Burmese

text: silent

text: film

text: Myitta

text: Ne

text: Thuya

text: Love

text: and

text: Liquor

text: in

text: which

text: proved

text: a

text: major

text: success

text: despite

text: its

text: poor

text: quality

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: fixed

text: camera

text: position

text: and

text: inadequate

text: film

text: accessories

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: many

text: Burmese

text: owned

text: film

text: companies

text: made

text: and

text: produced

text: several

text: films

text: The

text: first

text: Burmese

text: sound

text: film

text: was

text: produced

text: in

text: in

text: Bombay

text: India

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: Ngwe

text: Pay

text: Lo

text: Ma

text: Ya

text: Money

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Buy

text: It

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Burmese

text: cinema

text: continued

text: to

text: address

text: political

text: themes

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: films

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: propaganda

text: element

text: to

text: them

question: What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ?

answer: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein

text: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein

question: Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ?

answer: Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London.

text: Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London.

question: Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ?

answer: first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920

text: first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920

question: Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ?

answer: After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes

text: After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes

question: Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ?

answer: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.

text: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.


text: Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are celebrated in Kathmandu. With mass migration to the city, the cultures of Khas from the west, Kirats from the east, Bon/Tibetan from the north, and Mithila from the south meet in the capital and mingle harmoniously. The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm. Social regulation in the codes enacted incorporate Hindu traditions and ethics. These were followed by the Shah kings and previous kings, as devout Hindus and protectors of Buddhist religion.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: fairs

text: and

text: festivals

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Malla

text: period

text: or

text: earlier

text: Traditionally

text: these

text: festivals

text: were

text: celebrated

text: by

text: Newars

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: these

text: festivals

text: have

text: found

text: wider

text: participation

text: from

text: other

text: Kathmanduites

text: as

text: well

text: As

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: various

text: national

text: festivals

text: are

text: celebrated

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: With

text: mass

text: migration

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: cultures

text: of

text: Khas

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: Kirats

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: Bon

text: Tibetan

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Mithila

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: meet

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: mingle

text: harmoniously

text: The

text: festivities

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Ghode

text: horse

text: Jatra

text: Indra

text: Jatra

text: Dashain

text: Durga

text: Puja

text: festivals

text: Shivratri

text: and

text: many

text: more

text: are

text: observed

text: by

text: all

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Buddhist

text: communities

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: with

text: devotional

text: fervor

text: and

text: enthusiasm

text: Social

text: regulation

text: in

text: the

text: codes

text: enacted

text: incorporate

text: Hindu

text: traditions

text: and

text: ethics

text: These

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Shah

text: kings

text: and

text: previous

text: kings

text: as

text: devout

text: Hindus

text: and

text: protectors

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: religion

question: To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to?

answer: Malla

text: Malla

question: Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?

answer: Newars

text: Newars

question: In what direction out of Kathmandu did the Khas originate from?

answer: west

text: west

question: What does Ghode mean?

answer: horse

text: horse

question: In relation to Kathmandu, where do the Tibetans hale?

answer: north

text: north


text: During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing. The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: During

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Carthaginian

text: general

text: Hannibal

text: probably

text: crossed

text: the

text: Alps

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: numbering

text: infantry

text: cavalry

text: and

text: war

text: elephants

text: This

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: achievements

text: of

text: any

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: ancient

text: warfare

text: although

text: no

text: evidence

text: exists

text: of

text: the

text: actual

text: crossing

text: or

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: crossing

text: The

text: Romans

text: however

text: had

text: built

text: roads

text: along

text: the

text: mountain

text: passes

text: which

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: through

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: to

text: cross

text: the

text: mountains

text: and

text: Roman

text: road

text: markers

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: mountain

text: passes

question: When was the Second Punic War?

answer: 218 BC

text: 218 BC

question: Who was the Carthaginian general?

answer: Hannibal

text: Hannibal

question: What did the Romans build along the mountain passes?

answer: roads

text: roads

question: What can still be found on the mountain passes?

answer: Roman road markers

text: Roman road markers


text: From his eastern origin Apollo brought the art of inspection of "symbols and omina" (σημεία και τέρατα : semeia kai terata), and of the observation of the omens of the days. The inspiration oracular-cult was probably introduced from Anatolia. The ritualism belonged to Apollo from the beginning. The Greeks created the legalism, the supervision of the orders of the gods, and the demand for moderation and harmony. Apollo became the god of shining youth, the protector of music, spiritual-life, moderation and perceptible order. The improvement of the old Anatolian god, and his elevation to an intellectual sphere, may be considered an achievement of the Greek people.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: From

text: his

text: eastern

text: origin

text: Apollo

text: brought

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: inspection

text: of

text: symbols

text: and

text: omina

text: σημεία

text: και

text: τέρατα

text: semeia

text: kai

text: terata

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: observation

text: of

text: the

text: omens

text: of

text: the

text: days

text: The

text: inspiration

text: oracular

text: cult

text: was

text: probably

text: introduced

text: from

text: Anatolia

text: The

text: ritualism

text: belonged

text: to

text: Apollo

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: The

text: Greeks

text: created

text: the

text: legalism

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: the

text: orders

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: and

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: moderation

text: and

text: harmony

text: Apollo

text: became

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: shining

text: youth

text: the

text: protector

text: of

text: music

text: spiritual

text: life

text: moderation

text: and

text: perceptible

text: order

text: The

text: improvement

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Anatolian

text: god

text: and

text: his

text: elevation

text: to

text: an

text: intellectual

text: sphere

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: achievement

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: people

question: Who brought the art of inspection of "symbols and omina?"

answer: Apollo

text: Apollo

question: The inspiration oracular-cult was probably introduced from where?

answer: Anatolia

text: Anatolia

question: Which group created the legalism, the supervision of the orders of the gods, and the demand for moderation and harmony?

answer: The Greeks

text: The Greeks


text: The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), (literally "The Supreme State of the Ottomans") or alternatively Osmanlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى).[dn 5] In Modern Turkish, it is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ("Ottoman Empire") or Osmanlı Devleti ("The Ottoman State").

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: word

text: Ottoman

text: is

text: a

text: historical

text: anglicisation

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Osman

text: I

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: ruling

text: House

text: of

text: Osman

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: dynasty

text: Osman

text: 's

text: name

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Persian

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: ʿUthmān

text: عثمان

text: of

text: ultimately

text: Arabic

text: origin

text: In

text: Ottoman

text: Turkish

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Devlet

text: i

text: ʿAliyye

text: yi

text: ʿOsmâniyye

text: دَوْلَتِ

text: عَلِيّهٔ

text: عُثمَانِیّه

text: literally

text: The

text: Supreme

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: or

text: alternatively

text: Osmanlı

text: Devleti

text: عثمانلى

text: دولتى).[dn

text: In

text: Modern

text: Turkish

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Osmanlı

text: İmparatorluğu

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: or

text: Osmanlı

text: Devleti

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: State

question: An anglicization of the name Osman I results in what word?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman

question: What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire?

answer: House of Osman

text: House of Osman

question: What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty?

answer: House of Osman

text: House of Osman

question: What is the origin of Osman's name?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as?

answer: The Supreme State of the Ottomans

text: The Supreme State of the Ottomans


text: The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: current

text: Mac

text: product

text: family

text: uses

text: Intel

text: processors

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: an

text: emulator

text: during

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: PowerPC

text: chips

text: called

text: Rosetta

text: much

text: as

text: it

text: did

text: during

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: Motorola

text: architecture

text: a

text: decade

text: earlier

text: The

text: Macintosh

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: mainstream

text: computer

text: platform

text: to

text: have

text: successfully

text: transitioned

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: CPU

text: architecture

text: and

text: has

text: done

text: so

text: twice

text: All

text: current

text: Mac

text: models

text: ship

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: GB

text: of

text: RAM

text: as

text: standard

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: GHz

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: without

text: Retina

text: Display

text: and

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: Current

text: Mac

text: computers

text: use

text: ATI

text: Radeon

text: or

text: nVidia

text: GeForce

text: graphics

text: cards

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Intel

text: graphics

text: built

text: into

text: the

text: main

text: CPU

text: All

text: current

text: Macs

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: without

text: Retina

text: Display

text: do

text: not

text: ship

text: with

text: an

text: optical

text: media

text: drive

text: that

text: includes

text: a

text: dual

text: function

text: DVD

text: CD

text: burner

text: Apple

text: refers

text: to

text: this

text: as

text: a

text: SuperDrive

text: Current

text: Macs

text: include

text: two

text: standard

text: data

text: transfer

text: ports

text: USB

text: and

text: Thunderbolt

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: MacBook

text: version

text: which

text: only

text: has

text: a

text: USB

text: C

text: port

text: and

text: headphone

text: port

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: iMac

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: and

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: computers

text: now

text: also

text: feature

text: the

text: Thunderbolt

text: port

text: which

text: Apple

text: says

text: can

text: transfer

text: data

text: at

text: speeds

text: up

text: to

text: gigabits

text: per

text: second

text: USB

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: the

text: iMac

text: and

text: is

text: ubiquitous

text: today

text: while

text: FireWire

text: is

text: mainly

text: reserved

text: for

text: high

text: performance

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: hard

text: drives

text: or

text: video

text: cameras

text: Starting

text: with

text: the

text: then

text: new

text: iMac

text: released

text: in

text: October

text: Apple

text: started

text: to

text: include

text: built

text: in

text: iSight

text: cameras

text: on

text: appropriate

text: models

text: and

text: a

text: media

text: center

text: interface

text: called

text: Front

text: Row

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: operated

text: by

text: an

text: Apple

text: Remote

text: or

text: keyboard

text: for

text: accessing

text: media

text: stored

text: on

text: the

text: computer

text: Front

text: Row

text: has

text: been

text: discontinued

text: as

text: of

text: however

text: and

text: the

text: Apple

text: Remote

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: bundled

text: with

text: new

text: Macs

question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?

answer: Macintosh

text: Macintosh

question: What is the standard amount of RAM included with almost all current Mac models?

answer: 8 GB

text: 8 GB

question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second?

answer: Thunderbolt

text: Thunderbolt

question: When was the iMac G5 released?

answer: October 2005

text: October 2005

question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?

answer: Front Row

text: Front Row

question: What is the standard amount of RAM shipped with most Mac models?

answer: 8 GB

text: 8 GB

question: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?

answer: Intel x86-64

text: Intel x86-64

question: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?

answer: two

text: two

question: According to Apple, how fast can the Thunderbolt port transfer data?

answer: up to 10 gigabits per second.

text: up to 10 gigabits per second.


text: Every federal unit had a town or city with historic significance from the World War II period renamed to have Tito's name included. The largest of these was Titograd, now Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. With the exception of Titograd, the cities were renamed simply by the addition of the adjective "Tito's" ("Titov"). The cities were:

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Every

text: federal

text: unit

text: had

text: a

text: town

text: or

text: city

text: with

text: historic

text: significance

text: from

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

text: renamed

text: to

text: have

text: Tito

text: 's

text: name

text: included

text: The

text: largest

text: of

text: these

text: was

text: Titograd

text: now

text: Podgorica

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Titograd

text: the

text: cities

text: were

text: renamed

text: simply

text: by

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: the

text: adjective

text: Tito

text: 's

text: Titov

text: The

text: cities

text: were

question: What is the name of the largest town or city renamed in Tito's name?

answer: Titograd

text: Titograd

question: What is Titograd now called?

answer: Podgorica

text: Podgorica

question: What is Podgorica the capital city of?

answer: Montenegro

text: Montenegro

question: Whose name was added to the name for every town or city with historical signiciance from the World War II period?

answer: Tito's

text: Tito's


text: Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wind is nearly 60 MW while at the same time roughly 399 MW worth of projects are currently being developed and more than 2800 MW worth of projects are being proposed in the Lake Peipus area and the coastal areas of Hiiumaa.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Estonia

text: is

text: a

text: dependent

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: energy

text: and

text: energy

text: production

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: many

text: local

text: and

text: foreign

text: companies

text: have

text: been

text: investing

text: in

text: renewable

text: energy

text: sources.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: importance

text: of

text: wind

text: power

text: has

text: been

text: increasing

text: steadily

text: in

text: Estonia

text: and

text: currently

text: the

text: total

text: amount

text: of

text: energy

text: production

text: from

text: wind

text: is

text: nearly

text: MW

text: while

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: roughly

text: MW

text: worth

text: of

text: projects

text: are

text: currently

text: being

text: developed

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: MW

text: worth

text: of

text: projects

text: are

text: being

text: proposed

text: in

text: the

text: Lake

text: Peipus

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: of

text: Hiiumaa

question: What lacking resource does Estonia depend on other countries for?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: What type of energy production as many companies been investing in recent years?

answer: renewable energy sources

text: renewable energy sources

question: What energy source has been increasing in Estonia?

answer: wind power

text: wind power

question: What is total amount of energy production from wind power?

answer: nearly 60 MW

text: nearly 60 MW


text: Chinese characters are primarily morphosyllabic, meaning that most Chinese morphemes are monosyllabic and are written with a single character, though in modern Chinese most words are disyllabic and dimorphemic, consisting of two syllables, each of which is a morpheme. In modern Chinese 10% of morphemes only occur as part of a given compound. However, a few morphemes are disyllabic, some of them dating back to Classical Chinese. Excluding foreign loan words, these are typically words for plants and small animals. They are usually written with a pair of phono-semantic compound characters sharing a common radical. Examples are 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly" and 珊瑚 shānhú "coral". Note that the 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú have the same phonetic, 胡, but different radicals ("insect" and "jade", respectively). Neither exists as an independent morpheme except as a poetic abbreviation of the disyllabic word.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: are

text: primarily

text: morphosyllabic

text: meaning

text: that

text: most

text: Chinese

text: morphemes

text: are

text: monosyllabic

text: and

text: are

text: written

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: character

text: though

text: in

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: most

text: words

text: are

text: disyllabic

text: and

text: dimorphemic

text: consisting

text: of

text: two

text: syllables

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: morpheme

text: In

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: of

text: morphemes

text: only

text: occur

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: given

text: compound

text: However

text: a

text: few

text: morphemes

text: are

text: disyllabic

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: Classical

text: Chinese

text: Excluding

text: foreign

text: loan

text: words

text: these

text: are

text: typically

text: words

text: for

text: plants

text: and

text: small

text: animals

text: They

text: are

text: usually

text: written

text: with

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: phono

text: semantic

text: compound

text: characters

text: sharing

text: a

text: common

text: radical

text: Examples

text: are

text: 蝴蝶

text: húdié

text: butterfly

text: and

text: 珊瑚

text: shānhú

text: coral

text: Note

text: that

text: the

text: 蝴

text: hú

text: of

text: húdié

text: and

text: the

text: 瑚

text: hú

text: of

text: shānhú

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: phonetic

text: 胡

text: but

text: different

text: radicals

text: insect

text: and

text: jade

text: respectively

text: Neither

text: exists

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: morpheme

text: except

text: as

text: a

text: poetic

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: the

text: disyllabic

text: word

question: What are primarily morphosyllabic?

answer: Chinese characters

text: Chinese characters

question: What are written with a single character?

answer: Chinese morphemes

text: Chinese morphemes

question: What have the same phonetic, but different radicals?

answer: 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú

text: 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú


text: Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *ć and *dź:

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: dialectal

text: divisions

text: among

text: Iranian

text: indeed

text: happen

text: to

text: not

text: follow

text: the

text: later

text: division

text: into

text: Western

text: and

text: Eastern

text: blocks

text: These

text: concern

text: the

text: fate

text: of

text: the

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: first

text: series

text: palatal

text: consonants

text: ć

text: and

text: dź

question: What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants?

answer: *ć and *dź

text: *ć and *dź

question: What type of letters are *ć and *dź?

answer: first-series palatal consonants

text: first-series palatal consonants


text: The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Report

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Program

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: December

text: and

text: calculates

text: HDI

text: values

text: based

text: on

text: estimates

text: for

text: Below

text: is

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: countries

question: On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released?

answer: December 14, 2015

text: December 14, 2015

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report?

answer: 2014


text: The term "alloy" is sometimes used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy. For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply "alloy wheels", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys. Steel is such a common alloy that many items made from it, like wheels, barrels, or girders, are simply referred to by the name of the item, assuming it is made of steel. When made from other materials, they are typically specified as such, (i.e.: "bronze wheel," "plastic barrel," or "wood girder").

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: The

text: term

text: alloy

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: everyday

text: speech

text: as

text: a

text: synonym

text: for

text: a

text: particular

text: alloy

text: For

text: example

text: automobile

text: wheels

text: made

text: of

text: an

text: aluminium

text: alloy

text: are

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: simply

text: alloy

text: wheels

text: although

text: in

text: point

text: of

text: fact

text: steels

text: and

text: most

text: other

text: metals

text: in

text: practical

text: use

text: are

text: also

text: alloys

text: Steel

text: is

text: such

text: a

text: common

text: alloy

text: that

text: many

text: items

text: made

text: from

text: it

text: like

text: wheels

text: barrels

text: or

text: girders

text: are

text: simply

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: item

text: assuming

text: it

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: steel

text: When

text: made

text: from

text: other

text: materials

text: they

text: are

text: typically

text: specified

text: as

text: such

text: i.e.

text: bronze

text: wheel

text: plastic

text: barrel

text: or

text: wood

text: girder

question: What is the name of a common alloy?

answer: Steel

text: Steel

question: What is something on a car that sometimes is made of alloy?

answer: automobile wheels

text: automobile wheels

question: Steel and other very practical metals are also named what?

answer: alloys

text: alloys


text: Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: Eritrea

text: can

text: be

text: split

text: into

text: three

text: ecoregions

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: highlands

text: are

text: the

text: hot

text: arid

text: coastal

text: plains

text: stretching

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: cooler

text: more

text: fertile

text: highlands

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: m

text: has

text: a

text: different

text: habitat

text: Habitats

text: here

text: vary

text: from

text: the

text: sub

text: tropical

text: rainforest

text: at

text: Filfil

text: Solomona

text: to

text: the

text: precipitous

text: cliffs

text: and

text: canyons

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: highlands

text: The

text: Afar

text: Triangle

text: or

text: Danakil

text: Depression

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: the

text: probable

text: location

text: of

text: a

text: triple

text: junction

text: where

text: three

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: are

text: pulling

text: away

text: from

text: one

text: another

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Emba

text: Soira

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: at

text: meters

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

question: How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the highest point in Eritrea?

answer: Emba Soira

text: Emba Soira

question: Where is Emba Soira located?

answer: in the center of Eritrea

text: in the center of Eritrea

question: How high is Emba Soira?

answer: 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level

text: 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level

question: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?

answer: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression

text: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression


text: As one of their first acts after end of the War of the Castilian Succession in 1479, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood (Santa Hermandad) as a national police force. They adapted an existing brotherhood to the purpose of a general police acting under officials appointed by themselves, and endowed with great powers of summary jurisdiction even in capital cases. The original brotherhoods continued to serve as modest local police-units until their final suppression in 1835.

title: Police

title: Police

text: As

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: first

text: acts

text: after

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Castilian

text: Succession

text: in

text: Ferdinand

text: and

text: Isabella

text: established

text: the

text: centrally

text: organized

text: and

text: efficient

text: Holy

text: Brotherhood

text: Santa

text: Hermandad

text: as

text: a

text: national

text: police

text: force

text: They

text: adapted

text: an

text: existing

text: brotherhood

text: to

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: a

text: general

text: police

text: acting

text: under

text: officials

text: appointed

text: by

text: themselves

text: and

text: endowed

text: with

text: great

text: powers

text: of

text: summary

text: jurisdiction

text: even

text: in

text: capital

text: cases

text: The

text: original

text: brotherhoods

text: continued

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: modest

text: local

text: police

text: units

text: until

text: their

text: final

text: suppression

text: in

question: What war ended in 1479?

answer: War of the Castilian Succession

text: War of the Castilian Succession

question: Who formed Spain's first national police force?

answer: Ferdinand and Isabella

text: Ferdinand and Isabella

question: What was Spain's first national police force called, in Spanish?

answer: Santa Hermandad

text: Santa Hermandad

question: What does Santa Hermandad mean?

answer: Holy Brotherhood

text: Holy Brotherhood

question: When did Spain suppress local police units?

answer: 1835


text: United States of America: The torch relay's North American leg occurred in San Francisco, California on April 9. On the day of the relay officials diverted the torch run to an unannounced route. The start was at McCovey Cove, where Norman Bellingham of the U.S. Olympic Committee gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Chinese 1992 Olympic champion swimmer Lin Li. The planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was cancelled and instead, a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires. The route changes allowed the run to avoid large numbers of China supporters and protesters against China. As people found out there would be no closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza, there were angry reactions. One demonstrator was quoted as saying that the route changes were an effort to "thwart any organized protest that had been planned." San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin, a critic of Mayor Gavin Newsom, said that it was a "cynical plan to please the Bush State Department and the Chinese government because of the incredible influence of money." Newsom, on the other hand, said he felt it was in "everyone's best interest" and that he believed people had been "afforded the right to protest and support the torch" despite the route changes. Peter Ueberroth, head of the U.S. Olympic Committee, praised the route changes, saying, "The city of San Francisco, from a global perspective, will be applauded." People who saw the torch were surprised and cheered as shown from live video of CBS and NBC. The cost to the city for hosting the event was reported to be USD $726,400, nearly half of which has been recovered by private fundraising. Mayor Gavin Newsom said that "exponential" costs associated with mass arrests were avoided by his decision to change the route in consultation with police chief Heather Fong.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: torch

text: relay

text: 's

text: North

text: American

text: leg

text: occurred

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: California

text: on

text: April

text: On

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: officials

text: diverted

text: the

text: torch

text: run

text: to

text: an

text: unannounced

text: route

text: The

text: start

text: was

text: at

text: McCovey

text: Cove

text: where

text: Norman

text: Bellingham

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: gave

text: the

text: torch

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: torchbearer

text: Chinese

text: Olympic

text: champion

text: swimmer

text: Lin

text: Li

text: The

text: planned

text: closing

text: ceremony

text: at

text: Justin

text: Herman

text: Plaza

text: was

text: cancelled

text: and

text: instead

text: a

text: ceremony

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: San

text: Francisco

text: International

text: Airport

text: where

text: the

text: torch

text: was

text: to

text: leave

text: for

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: The

text: route

text: changes

text: allowed

text: the

text: run

text: to

text: avoid

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: China

text: supporters

text: and

text: protesters

text: against

text: China

text: As

text: people

text: found

text: out

text: there

text: would

text: be

text: no

text: closing

text: ceremony

text: at

text: Justin

text: Herman

text: Plaza

text: there

text: were

text: angry

text: reactions

text: One

text: demonstrator

text: was

text: quoted

text: as

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: route

text: changes

text: were

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: thwart

text: any

text: organized

text: protest

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: planned

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Board

text: of

text: Supervisors

text: President

text: Aaron

text: Peskin

text: a

text: critic

text: of

text: Mayor

text: Gavin

text: Newsom

text: said

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: cynical

text: plan

text: to

text: please

text: the

text: Bush

text: State

text: Department

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: incredible

text: influence

text: of

text: money

text: Newsom

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: said

text: he

text: felt

text: it

text: was

text: in

text: everyone

text: 's

text: best

text: interest

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: believed

text: people

text: had

text: been

text: afforded

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: protest

text: and

text: support

text: the

text: torch

text: despite

text: the

text: route

text: changes

text: Peter

text: Ueberroth

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: praised

text: the

text: route

text: changes

text: saying

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: from

text: a

text: global

text: perspective

text: will

text: be

text: applauded

text: People

text: who

text: saw

text: the

text: torch

text: were

text: surprised

text: and

text: cheered

text: as

text: shown

text: from

text: live

text: video

text: of

text: CBS

text: and

text: NBC

text: The

text: cost

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: for

text: hosting

text: the

text: event

text: was

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: USD

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: recovered

text: by

text: private

text: fundraising

text: Mayor

text: Gavin

text: Newsom

text: said

text: that

text: exponential

text: costs

text: associated

text: with

text: mass

text: arrests

text: were

text: avoided

text: by

text: his

text: decision

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: route

text: in

text: consultation

text: with

text: police

text: chief

text: Heather

text: Fong

question: Where did the torch start it's North American route?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: What day did the torch arrive in San Francisco?

answer: April 9

text: April 9

question: What is the name of the first North American torchbearer?

answer: Lin Li

text: Lin Li

question: The route end was changed from Justin Herman plaza to what?

answer: San Francisco International Airport

text: San Francisco International Airport

question: Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee?

answer: Peter Ueberroth

text: Peter Ueberroth

question: What city in the United States held the 2008 Olympic Torch relay?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: What was the date of the relay in the United States?

answer: April 9.

text: April 9.

question: What is the name of the person who handed off the torch to the torchbearer in the United States 2008 Olympic relay?

answer: Norman Bellingham

text: Norman Bellingham

question: What is the name of the location where the relay ending event was canceled?

answer: Justin Herman Plaza

text: Justin Herman Plaza


text: Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: remained

text: the

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Boeing

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: company

text: separated

text: its

text: headquarters

text: from

text: its

text: major

text: production

text: facilities

text: the

text: headquarters

text: were

text: moved

text: to

text: Chicago

text: The

text: Seattle

text: area

text: is

text: still

text: home

text: to

text: Boeing

text: 's

text: Renton

text: narrow

text: body

text: plant

text: where

text: the

text: and

text: were

text: assembled

text: and

text: the

text: is

text: assembled

text: today

text: and

text: Everett

text: wide

text: body

text: plant

text: assembly

text: plant

text: for

text: the

text: and

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: credit

text: union

text: for

text: employees

text: BECU

text: remains

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Seattle

text: area

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: open

text: to

text: all

text: residents

text: of

text: Washington

question: When did Boeing move its headquarters to Chicago?

answer: 2001

question: Before 2001, where was Boeing headquartered?

answer: Seattle

text: Seattle

question: What did Boeing separate from its headquarters facilities?

answer: production facilities

text: production facilities

question: Besides the Renton plant, where else are airplanes made for Boeing?

answer: Everett

text: Everett

question: To whom is the Boeing credit union open?

answer: all residents

text: all residents


text: Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night. However, they can be used in cold temperate areas to maintain warmth as well. The size and placement of thermal mass depend on several factors such as climate, daylighting and shading conditions. When properly incorporated, thermal mass maintains space temperatures in a comfortable range and reduces the need for auxiliary heating and cooling equipment.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Thermal

text: mass

text: is

text: any

text: material

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: store

text: heat

text: heat

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: Common

text: thermal

text: mass

text: materials

text: include

text: stone

text: cement

text: and

text: water

text: Historically

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: arid

text: climates

text: or

text: warm

text: temperate

text: regions

text: to

text: keep

text: buildings

text: cool

text: by

text: absorbing

text: solar

text: energy

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: radiating

text: stored

text: heat

text: to

text: the

text: cooler

text: atmosphere

text: at

text: night

text: However

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: cold

text: temperate

text: areas

text: to

text: maintain

text: warmth

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: size

text: and

text: placement

text: of

text: thermal

text: mass

text: depend

text: on

text: several

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: daylighting

text: and

text: shading

text: conditions

text: When

text: properly

text: incorporated

text: thermal

text: mass

text: maintains

text: space

text: temperatures

text: in

text: a

text: comfortable

text: range

text: and

text: reduces

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: auxiliary

text: heating

text: and

text: cooling

text: equipment

question: Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass?

answer: Thermal

text: Thermal

question: What is thermal mass?

answer: any material that can be used to store heat

text: any material that can be used to store heat

question: What are typical thermal mass material?

answer: stone, cement and water

text: stone, cement and water

question: How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool?

answer: by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night

text: by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night

question: What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass?

answer: climates

text: climates

question: What does thermal mass reduce the need for?

answer: auxiliary heating and cooling equipment

text: auxiliary heating and cooling equipment