text: In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had always dealt harshly with strands of Christianity that it considered heretical, but before the 11th century these tended to centre around individual preachers or small localised sects, like Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism. The diffusion of the almost Manichaean sect of Paulicians westwards gave birth to the famous 11th and 12th century heresies of Western Europe. The first one was that of Bogomils in modern day Bosnia, a sort of sanctuary between Eastern and Western Christianity. By the 11th century, more organised groups such as the Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars were beginning to appear in the towns and cities of northern Italy, southern France and Flanders.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: obstinate

text: and

text: willful

text: manifest

text: heresy

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: spiritually

text: cut

text: one

text: off

text: from

text: the

text: Church

text: even

text: before

text: excommunication

text: is

text: incurred

text: The

text: Codex

text: Justinianus

text: defines

text: everyone

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: to

text: our

text: Orthodox

text: holy

text: Faith

text: a

text: heretic

text: The

text: Church

text: had

text: always

text: dealt

text: harshly

text: with

text: strands

text: of

text: Christianity

text: that

text: it

text: considered

text: heretical

text: but

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: tended

text: to

text: centre

text: around

text: individual

text: preachers

text: or

text: small

text: localised

text: sects

text: like

text: Arianism

text: Pelagianism

text: Donatism

text: Marcionism

text: and

text: Montanism

text: The

text: diffusion

text: of

text: the

text: almost

text: Manichaean

text: sect

text: of

text: Paulicians

text: westwards

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: the

text: famous

text: and

text: century

text: heresies

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: first

text: one

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Bogomils

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Bosnia

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: sanctuary

text: between

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Western

text: Christianity

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: more

text: organised

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Patarini

text: the

text: Dulcinians

text: the

text: Waldensians

text: and

text: the

text: Cathars

text: were

text: beginning

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: of

text: northern

text: Italy

text: southern

text: France

text: and

text: Flanders

question: What is thought of to spiritually cut one off from the Church even before excommunication?

answer: obstinate and willful manifest heresy

text: obstinate and willful manifest heresy

question: What book gives the definition of a heretic as anyone that does not follow the Catholic Church or the orthodox holy faith?

answer: The Codex Justinianus

text: The Codex Justinianus

question: What groups are cited as being considered heretical by the Church before the 11th century?

answer: Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism

text: Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism

question: What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe?

answer: Paulicians

text: Paulicians

question: What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century?

answer: Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars

text: Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars


text: The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Strategic

text: Defence

text: and

text: Security

text: Review

text: included

text: billion

text: investment

text: in

text: new

text: equipment

text: and

text: capabilities

text: The

text: review

text: set

text: a

text: defence

text: policy

text: with

text: four

text: primary

text: missions

text: for

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

question: How much was the investment in new equipment and capabilities worth?

answer: £178 billion

text: £178 billion

question: In which year was a £178 billion investment made?

answer: 2015

question: How many primary missions were included in the 2015 Review?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?

answer: The Strategic Defence and Security Review

text: The Strategic Defence and Security Review


text: Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no Cārvāka/Lokāyata text to quote from, or even refer to.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Later

text: Indian

text: materialist

text: Jayaraashi

text: Bhatta

text: century

text: in

text: his

text: work

text: Tattvopaplavasimha

text: The

text: upsetting

text: of

text: all

text: principles

text: refuted

text: the

text: Nyaya

text: Sutra

text: epistemology

text: The

text: materialistic

text: Cārvāka

text: philosophy

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: died

text: out

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: When

text: Madhavacharya

text: compiled

text: Sarva

text: darśana

text: samgraha

text: a

text: digest

text: of

text: all

text: philosophies

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: Cārvāka

text: Lokāyata

text: text

text: to

text: quote

text: from

text: or

text: even

text: refer

text: to

question: Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta.

answer: Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles")

text: Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles")

question: Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?

answer: materialistic Cārvāka philosophy

text: materialistic Cārvāka philosophy

question: What is Sarva-darśana-samgraha?

answer: a digest of all philosophies

text: a digest of all philosophies

question: Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?

answer: Madhavacharya

text: Madhavacharya


text: As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The kozane were made from either iron or leather and were bound together into small strips, the strips were coated with lacquer to protect the kozane from water. A series of strips of kozane were then laced together with silk or leather lace and formed into a complete chest armor (dou or dō).

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: As

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: seventh

text: century

text: Japanese

text: warriors

text: wore

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: lamellar

text: armor

text: this

text: armor

text: eventually

text: evolved

text: into

text: the

text: armor

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: samurai

text: The

text: first

text: types

text: of

text: Japanese

text: armors

text: identified

text: as

text: samurai

text: armor

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: yoroi

text: These

text: early

text: samurai

text: armors

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: small

text: individual

text: scales

text: known

text: as

text: kozane

text: The

text: kozane

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: either

text: iron

text: or

text: leather

text: and

text: were

text: bound

text: together

text: into

text: small

text: strips

text: the

text: strips

text: were

text: coated

text: with

text: lacquer

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: kozane

text: from

text: water

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: strips

text: of

text: kozane

text: were

text: then

text: laced

text: together

text: with

text: silk

text: or

text: leather

text: lace

text: and

text: formed

text: into

text: a

text: complete

text: chest

text: armor

text: dou

text: or

text: dō

question: What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century?

answer: a form of lamellar armor

text: a form of lamellar armor

question: What was the first samurai armor called?

answer: yoroi

text: yoroi

question: What were the small scales in yoroi called?

answer: kozane

text: kozane

question: What were kozane made of?

answer: iron or leather

text: iron or leather

question: What was a full chest armor called?

answer: dou

text: dou


text: As of 2000[update], there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: pupils

text: in

text: Bern

text: who

text: came

text: from

text: another

text: municipality

text: while

text: residents

text: attended

text: schools

text: outside

text: the

text: municipality

question: How many pupils lived in another municipality?

answer: 9,045

question: How many pupils attended school outside of the city?

answer: 1,185


text: In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods. Cost of education has been an issue throughout history, and a major political issue in most countries today. Online courses often can be more expensive than face-to-face classes. Out of 182 colleges surveyed in 2009 nearly half said tuition for online courses was higher than for campus based ones. Many large university institutions are now starting to offer free or almost free full courses such as Harvard, MIT and Berkeley teaming up to form edX. Other universities offering open education are Stanford, Princeton, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Edinburgh, U. Penn, U. Michigan, U. Virginia, U. Washington, and Caltech. It has been called the biggest change in the way we learn since the printing press. Despite favorable studies on effectiveness, many people may still desire to choose traditional campus education for social and cultural reasons.

title: Education

title: Education

text: In

text: the

text: modern

text: use

text: of

text: electronic

text: educational

text: technology

text: also

text: called

text: e

text: learning

text: had

text: grown

text: at

text: times

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: traditional

text: learning.[clarification

text: needed

text: Open

text: education

text: is

text: fast

text: growing

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: form

text: of

text: education

text: for

text: many

text: reasons

text: such

text: as

text: its

text: efficiency

text: and

text: results

text: compared

text: to

text: traditional

text: methods

text: Cost

text: of

text: education

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: issue

text: throughout

text: history

text: and

text: a

text: major

text: political

text: issue

text: in

text: most

text: countries

text: today

text: Online

text: courses

text: often

text: can

text: be

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: face

text: to

text: face

text: classes

text: Out

text: of

text: colleges

text: surveyed

text: in

text: nearly

text: half

text: said

text: tuition

text: for

text: online

text: courses

text: was

text: higher

text: than

text: for

text: campus

text: based

text: ones

text: Many

text: large

text: university

text: institutions

text: are

text: now

text: starting

text: to

text: offer

text: free

text: or

text: almost

text: free

text: full

text: courses

text: such

text: as

text: Harvard

text: MIT

text: and

text: Berkeley

text: teaming

text: up

text: to

text: form

text: edX.

text: Other

text: universities

text: offering

text: open

text: education

text: are

text: Stanford

text: Princeton

text: Duke

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: Edinburgh

text: U.

text: Penn

text: U.

text: Michigan

text: U.

text: Virginia

text: U.

text: Washington

text: and

text: Caltech

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: biggest

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: we

text: learn

text: since

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: Despite

text: favorable

text: studies

text: on

text: effectiveness

text: many

text: people

text: may

text: still

text: desire

text: to

text: choose

text: traditional

text: campus

text: education

text: for

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: reasons

question: In what year did e-learning jump 14 times over traditional leaning?

answer: 2012

question: Which form of education looks to be the dominant form i the coming years?

answer: Open education

text: Open education

question: What has been a constant issue with education for as long as education has been around itself?

answer: Cost of education

text: Cost of education

question: Which type of schooling can be most expensive?

answer: Online courses

text: Online courses


text: In 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self-described "unathletic writer" played in three preseason games and had one catch for −2 yards.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: In

text: Jeff

text: Foley

text: published

text: War

text: on

text: the

text: Floor

text: An

text: Average

text: Guy

text: Plays

text: in

text: the

text: Arena

text: Football

text: League

text: and

text: Lives

text: to

text: Write

text: About

text: It

text: The

text: book

text: details

text: a

text: journalist

text: 's

text: two

text: preseasons

text: and

text: as

text: an

text: offensive

text: specialist

text: writer

text: with

text: the

text: now

text: defunct

text: Albany

text: Firebirds

text: The

text: cm

text: self

text: described

text: unathletic

text: writer

text: played

text: in

text: three

text: preseason

text: games

text: and

text: had

text: one

text: catch

text: for

text: −2

text: yards

question: Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It?

answer: Jeff Foley

text: Jeff Foley

question: In what year was War on the Floor released?

answer: 2001

question: What team did Jeff Foley play for?

answer: Albany Firebirds

text: Albany Firebirds

question: How many games did Jeff Foley play in?

answer: three

text: three

question: Along with 1999, in what preseason did Foley play for the Firebirds?

answer: 2000


text: Lighthouse Point Park, a public beach run by the city, was a popular tourist destination during the Roaring Twenties, attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb. The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Point Carousel, constructed in 1916. Five Mile Point Light was decommissioned in 1877 following the construction of Southwest Ledge Light at the entrance of the harbor, which remains in service to this day. Both of the lighthouses and the carousel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: Lighthouse

text: Point

text: Park

text: a

text: public

text: beach

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: a

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destination

text: during

text: the

text: Roaring

text: Twenties

text: attracting

text: luminaries

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: Babe

text: Ruth

text: and

text: Ty

text: Cobb

text: The

text: park

text: remains

text: popular

text: among

text: New

text: Haveners

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Five

text: Mile

text: Point

text: Lighthouse

text: constructed

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Lighthouse

text: Point

text: Carousel

text: constructed

text: in

text: Five

text: Mile

text: Point

text: Light

text: was

text: decommissioned

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Southwest

text: Ledge

text: Light

text: at

text: the

text: entrance

text: of

text: the

text: harbor

text: which

text: remains

text: in

text: service

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: Both

text: of

text: the

text: lighthouses

text: and

text: the

text: carousel

text: are

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

question: Throughout the Roaring Twenties, what public beach in New Haven was a favored destination for tourists?

answer: Lighthouse Point Park

text: Lighthouse Point Park

question: Which famed professional baseball player is known to have visited at Lighthouse Point Park in New Haven during the 1920's?

answer: Babe Ruth

text: Babe Ruth

question: What notable New Haven attraction constructed in 1847 was located at Lighthouse Point Park?

answer: Five Mile Point Lighthouse

text: Five Mile Point Lighthouse

question: In what year was New Haven's Lighthouse Point carousel constructed?

answer: 1916

question: In what year was Five Mile Point Lighthouse decommissioned upon construction of Southwest Ledge Lighthouse?

answer: 1877

question: What popular tourist site was particularly active during the 20s?

answer: Lighthouse Point Park

text: Lighthouse Point Park

question: In 1847, a new landmark was constructed at the park, what exactly was it?

answer: Lighthouse

text: Lighthouse

question: After 1877 another lighthouse was build to replace File Mile Point, what was its' name?

answer: Southwest Ledge Light

text: Southwest Ledge Light

question: Is Southwest Ledge Light still active today?

answer: in service to this day

text: in service to this day


text: Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story "Octopussy" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, and who is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983. Similarly, Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian, observing the back story established by Fleming. With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters, screenwriters Neal Purvis and Robert Wade revealed that the film would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films, with the Quantum organisation alluded to in Casino Royale and introduced in Quantum of Solace reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Despite

text: being

text: an

text: original

text: story

text: Spectre

text: draws

text: on

text: Ian

text: Fleming

text: 's

text: source

text: material

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: Franz

text: Oberhauser

text: played

text: by

text: Christoph

text: Waltz

text: Oberhauser

text: shares

text: his

text: name

text: with

text: Hannes

text: Oberhauser

text: a

text: background

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: story

text: Octopussy

text: from

text: the

text: Octopussy

text: and

text: The

text: Living

text: Daylights

text: collection

text: and

text: who

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: as

text: having

text: been

text: a

text: temporary

text: legal

text: guardian

text: of

text: a

text: young

text: Bond

text: in

text: Similarly

text: Charmian

text: Bond

text: is

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: his

text: full

text: time

text: guardian

text: observing

text: the

text: back

text: story

text: established

text: by

text: Fleming

text: With

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: Spectre

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: characters

text: screenwriters

text: Neal

text: Purvis

text: and

text: Robert

text: Wade

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: film

text: would

text: provide

text: a

text: minor

text: retcon

text: to

text: the

text: continuity

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: films

text: with

text: the

text: Quantum

text: organisation

text: alluded

text: to

text: in

text: Casino

text: Royale

text: and

text: introduced

text: in

text: Quantum

text: of

text: Solace

text: reimagined

text: as

text: a

text: division

text: within

text: Spectre

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: independent

text: organisation

question: Which actor portrayed Franz Oberhauser?

answer: Christoph Waltz

text: Christoph Waltz

question: In what year was Hannes Oberhauser identified as a guardian of James Bond?

answer: 1983

question: Who were the writers of Spectre?

answer: Neal Purvis and Robert Wade

text: Neal Purvis and Robert Wade

question: Which group in previous Bond films was changed to be a part of Spectre instead of its own entity?

answer: Quantum

text: Quantum

question: What is the name of the short story in which Hannes Oberhauser appeared?

answer: Octopussy

text: Octopussy

question: Who was Bond's full time guardian?

answer: Charmian Bond

text: Charmian Bond

question: In which Bond story did the name Oberhauser first appear?

answer: Octopussy

text: Octopussy

question: What actor portrayed Franz Oberhauser?

answer: Christoph Waltz.

text: Christoph Waltz.

question: In which movie was the Quantum organization first introduced?

answer: Quantum of Solace

text: Quantum of Solace

question: Quantum is a division of what other organization?

answer: Spectre

text: Spectre


text: Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from technical colleges, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are university level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the doctoral level. Examples are Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre), and King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok (Thai-German Technical School).

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Most

text: of

text: Thailand

text: 's

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: were

text: developed

text: from

text: technical

text: colleges

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: could

text: not

text: grant

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degrees

text: today

text: however

text: they

text: are

text: university

text: level

text: institutions

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: can

text: grant

text: degrees

text: to

text: the

text: doctoral

text: level

text: Examples

text: are

text: Pathumwan

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: developed

text: from

text: Pathumwan

text: Technical

text: School

text: King

text: Mongkut

text: 's

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Ladkrabang

text: Nondhaburi

text: Telecommunications

text: Training

text: Centre

text: and

text: King

text: Mongkut

text: 's

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: North

text: Bangkok

text: Thai

text: German

text: Technical

text: School

question: Most institutes of technology in Thailand were born out of what other type of institutions?

answer: technical colleges

text: technical colleges

question: What type of degree were Thailand's technical colleges historically not allowed to confer?

answer: bachelor's degrees

text: bachelor's degrees

question: What's the new name of Pathumwan Technical School?

answer: Pathumwan Institute of Technology

text: Pathumwan Institute of Technology


text: By far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812. With Britain locked in a major war with Napoleon's France, its policy was to block American shipments to France. The United States sought to remain neutral while pursuing overseas trade. Britain cut the trade and impressed seamen on American ships into the Royal Navy, despite intense protests. Britain supported an Indian insurrection in the American Midwest, with the goal of creating an Indian state there that would block American expansion. The United States finally declared war on the United Kingdom in 1812, the first time the U.S. had officially declared war. Not hopeful of defeating the Royal Navy, the U.S. attacked the British Empire by invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip. The invasion of Canada was a debacle, though concurrent wars with Native Americans on the western front (Tecumseh's War and the Creek War) were more successful. After defeating Napoleon in 1814, Britain sent large veteran armies to invade New York, raid Washington and capture the key control of the Mississippi River at New Orleans. The New York invasion was a fiasco after the much larger British army retreated to Canada. The raiders succeeded in the burning of Washington on 25 August 1814, but were repulsed in their Chesapeake Bay Campaign at the Battle of Baltimore and the British commander killed. The major invasion in Louisiana was stopped by a one-sided military battle that killed the top three British generals and thousands of soldiers. The winners were the commanding general of the Battle of New Orleans, Major General Andrew Jackson, who became president and the Americans who basked in a victory over a much more powerful nation. The peace treaty proved successful, and the U.S. and Britain never again went to war. The losers were the Indians, who never gained the independent territory in the Midwest promised by Britain.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: By

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: military

text: action

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: engaged

text: during

text: this

text: era

text: was

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: With

text: Britain

text: locked

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: war

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: France

text: its

text: policy

text: was

text: to

text: block

text: American

text: shipments

text: to

text: France

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: sought

text: to

text: remain

text: neutral

text: while

text: pursuing

text: overseas

text: trade

text: Britain

text: cut

text: the

text: trade

text: and

text: impressed

text: seamen

text: on

text: American

text: ships

text: into

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: despite

text: intense

text: protests

text: Britain

text: supported

text: an

text: Indian

text: insurrection

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: creating

text: an

text: Indian

text: state

text: there

text: that

text: would

text: block

text: American

text: expansion

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: finally

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: the

text: U.S.

text: had

text: officially

text: declared

text: war

text: Not

text: hopeful

text: of

text: defeating

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: the

text: U.S.

text: attacked

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: by

text: invading

text: British

text: Canada

text: hoping

text: to

text: use

text: captured

text: territory

text: as

text: a

text: bargaining

text: chip

text: The

text: invasion

text: of

text: Canada

text: was

text: a

text: debacle

text: though

text: concurrent

text: wars

text: with

text: Native

text: Americans

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: front

text: Tecumseh

text: 's

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Creek

text: War

text: were

text: more

text: successful

text: After

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: in

text: Britain

text: sent

text: large

text: veteran

text: armies

text: to

text: invade

text: New

text: York

text: raid

text: Washington

text: and

text: capture

text: the

text: key

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: at

text: New

text: Orleans

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: invasion

text: was

text: a

text: fiasco

text: after

text: the

text: much

text: larger

text: British

text: army

text: retreated

text: to

text: Canada

text: The

text: raiders

text: succeeded

text: in

text: the

text: burning

text: of

text: Washington

text: on

text: August

text: but

text: were

text: repulsed

text: in

text: their

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: Campaign

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Baltimore

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: commander

text: killed

text: The

text: major

text: invasion

text: in

text: Louisiana

text: was

text: stopped

text: by

text: a

text: one

text: sided

text: military

text: battle

text: that

text: killed

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: British

text: generals

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: soldiers

text: The

text: winners

text: were

text: the

text: commanding

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Major

text: General

text: Andrew

text: Jackson

text: who

text: became

text: president

text: and

text: the

text: Americans

text: who

text: basked

text: in

text: a

text: victory

text: over

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: powerful

text: nation

text: The

text: peace

text: treaty

text: proved

text: successful

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Britain

text: never

text: again

text: went

text: to

text: war

text: The

text: losers

text: were

text: the

text: Indians

text: who

text: never

text: gained

text: the

text: independent

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Midwest

text: promised

text: by

text: Britain

question: What was the biggest war the US got involved with in the early 19th century?

answer: the War of 1812

text: the War of 1812

question: What conflict caused Britain to blockade trade?

answer: a major war with Napoleon's France

text: a major war with Napoleon's France

question: What uprising did Britain support in North America?

answer: Indian insurrection

text: Indian insurrection

question: What country was the first the US ever declared war upon?

answer: the United Kingdom

text: the United Kingdom

question: What was the initial US strategy in the War of 1812?

answer: invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip

text: invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip


text: After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag. As a result of this and ample access to hydropower due to the falls, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the South. The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: After

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: Richmond

text: emerged

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: industrial

text: center

text: To

text: facilitate

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: cargo

text: from

text: the

text: flat

text: bottomed

text: bateaux

text: above

text: the

text: fall

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: faring

text: ships

text: below

text: George

text: Washington

text: helped

text: design

text: the

text: James

text: River

text: and

text: Kanawha

text: Canal

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: bypass

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: rapids

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: providing

text: a

text: water

text: route

text: across

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: to

text: the

text: Kanawha

text: River

text: The

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: canal

text: boatmen

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: flag

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: and

text: ample

text: access

text: to

text: hydropower

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: falls

text: Richmond

text: became

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: manufacturing

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: including

text: iron

text: works

text: and

text: flour

text: mills

text: the

text: largest

text: facilities

text: of

text: their

text: kind

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: The

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: was

text: growing

text: by

text: the

text: mid

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: in

text: one

text: famous

text: case

text: in

text: Henry

text: Box

text: Brown

text: made

text: history

text: by

text: having

text: himself

text: nailed

text: into

text: a

text: small

text: box

text: and

text: shipped

text: from

text: Richmond

text: to

text: abolitionists

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: escaping

text: slavery

question: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington?

answer: James River and Kanawha Canal

text: James River and Kanawha Canal

question: To where was the canal designed by Washington intended to ferry water?

answer: Kanawha River

text: Kanawha River

question: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight?

answer: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

question: What was Henry Brown's nickname?

answer: Box

text: Box

question: What sort of economic center was Richmond in the wake of the American Revolution?

answer: industrial

text: industrial


text: Swiss citizens are universally required to buy health insurance from private insurance companies, which in turn are required to accept every applicant. While the cost of the system is among the highest it compares well with other European countries in terms of health outcomes; patients who are citizens have been reported as being, in general, highly satisfied with it. In 2012, life expectancy at birth was 80.4 years for men and 84.7 years for women — the highest in the world. However, spending on health is particularly high at 11.4% of GDP (2010), on par with Germany and France (11.6%) and other European countries, and notably less than spending in the USA (17.6%). From 1990, a steady increase can be observed, reflecting the high costs of the services provided. With an ageing population and new healthcare technologies, health spending will likely continue to rise.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Swiss

text: citizens

text: are

text: universally

text: required

text: to

text: buy

text: health

text: insurance

text: from

text: private

text: insurance

text: companies

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: accept

text: every

text: applicant

text: While

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: highest

text: it

text: compares

text: well

text: with

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: health

text: outcomes

text: patients

text: who

text: are

text: citizens

text: have

text: been

text: reported

text: as

text: being

text: in

text: general

text: highly

text: satisfied

text: with

text: it

text: In

text: life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: was

text: years

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: years

text: for

text: women

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: However

text: spending

text: on

text: health

text: is

text: particularly

text: high

text: at

text: of

text: GDP

text: on

text: par

text: with

text: Germany

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: and

text: notably

text: less

text: than

text: spending

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: From

text: a

text: steady

text: increase

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: reflecting

text: the

text: high

text: costs

text: of

text: the

text: services

text: provided

text: With

text: an

text: ageing

text: population

text: and

text: new

text: healthcare

text: technologies

text: health

text: spending

text: will

text: likely

text: continue

text: to

text: rise

question: Who are Swiss citizens required to buy health insurance from?

answer: private insurance companies

text: private insurance companies

question: Who are private insurance companies required to accept?

answer: every applicant

text: every applicant

question: In 2012, what was Switzerland's world ranking for life expectancy in 2012?

answer: highest

text: highest

question: What population will cause health spending to likely rise in the future?

answer: ageing

text: ageing

question: What do new high tech healthcare technologies translate to?

answer: high costs of the services provided

text: high costs of the services provided


text: The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit, premiered 5 October 2010 and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011 the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: The

text: fourth

text: a

text: cappella

text: musical

text: to

text: appear

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: In

text: Transit

text: premiered

text: October

text: and

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Primary

text: Stages

text: with

text: book

text: music

text: and

text: lyrics

text: by

text: Kristen

text: Anderson

text: Lopez

text: James

text: Allen

text: Ford

text: Russ

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Sara

text: Wordsworth

text: Set

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: subway

text: system

text: its

text: score

text: features

text: an

text: eclectic

text: mix

text: of

text: musical

text: genres

text: including

text: jazz

text: hip

text: hop

text: Latin

text: rock

text: and

text: country

text: In

text: Transit

text: incorporates

text: vocal

text: beat

text: boxing

text: into

text: its

text: contemporary

text: a

text: cappella

text: arrangements

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: subway

text: beat

text: boxer

text: character

text: Beat

text: boxer

text: and

text: actor

text: Chesney

text: Snow

text: performed

text: this

text: role

text: for

text: the

text: Primary

text: Stages

text: production

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: website

text: it

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: reopen

text: for

text: an

text: open

text: ended

text: commercial

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: production

text: received

text: four

text: Lucille

text: Lortel

text: Award

text: nominations

text: including

text: Outstanding

text: Musical

text: Outer

text: Critics

text: Circle

text: and

text: Drama

text: League

text: nominations

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: five

text: Drama

text: Desk

text: nominations

text: including

text: Outstanding

text: Musical

text: and

text: won

text: for

text: Outstanding

text: Ensemble

text: Performance

question: What is the name of the a cappella musical that debuted Off-Broadway in the same year as Perfect Harmony?

answer: In Transit

text: In Transit

question: Where does most of In Transit take place?

answer: the New York City subway system

text: the New York City subway system

question: What a cappella vocal style is implemented in many of In Transit's songs?

answer: beat boxing

text: beat boxing

question: How many Lucille Lortel Awards was In Transit nominated for?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is the name of the actor who played the subway beat boxer?

answer: Chesney Snow

text: Chesney Snow


text: Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes, was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, who ruled around Phthia, the only survivors after the great deluge. It seems that the myth was invented when the Greek tribes started to separate from each other in certain areas of Greece and it indicates their common origin. Aristotle names ancient Hellas as an area in Epirus between Dodona and the Achelous river, the location of the great deluge of Deucalion, a land occupied by the Selloi and the "Greeks" who later came to be known as "Hellenes". Selloi were the priests of Dodonian Zeus and the word probably means "sacrificers" (compare Gothic saljan, "present, sacrifice"). There is currently no satisfactory etymology of the name Hellenes. Some scholars assert that the name Selloi changed to Sellanes and then to Hellanes-Hellenes. However this etymology connects the name Hellenes with the Dorians who occupied Epirus and the relation with the name Greeks given by the Romans becomes uncertain. The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League. This was an ancient association of Greek tribes with twelve founders which was organized to protect the great temples of Apollo in Delphi (Phocis) and of Demeter near Thermopylae (Locris). According to the legend it was founded after the Trojan War by the eponymous Amphictyon, brother of Hellen.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Homer

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: Hellenes

text: /ˈhɛliːnz/

text: as

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: tribe

text: settled

text: in

text: Thessalic

text: Phthia

text: with

text: its

text: warriors

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Achilleus

text: The

text: Parian

text: Chronicle

text: says

text: that

text: Phthia

text: was

text: the

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenes

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: name

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: those

text: previously

text: called

text: Greeks

text: Γραικοί

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Hellen

text: the

text: patriarch

text: of

text: Hellenes

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: Pyrrha

text: and

text: Deucalion

text: who

text: ruled

text: around

text: Phthia

text: the

text: only

text: survivors

text: after

text: the

text: great

text: deluge

text: It

text: seems

text: that

text: the

text: myth

text: was

text: invented

text: when

text: the

text: Greek

text: tribes

text: started

text: to

text: separate

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: certain

text: areas

text: of

text: Greece

text: and

text: it

text: indicates

text: their

text: common

text: origin

text: Aristotle

text: names

text: ancient

text: Hellas

text: as

text: an

text: area

text: in

text: Epirus

text: between

text: Dodona

text: and

text: the

text: Achelous

text: river

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: deluge

text: of

text: Deucalion

text: a

text: land

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Selloi

text: and

text: the

text: Greeks

text: who

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: Hellenes

text: Selloi

text: were

text: the

text: priests

text: of

text: Dodonian

text: Zeus

text: and

text: the

text: word

text: probably

text: means

text: sacrificers

text: compare

text: Gothic

text: saljan

text: present

text: sacrifice

text: There

text: is

text: currently

text: no

text: satisfactory

text: etymology

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Hellenes

text: Some

text: scholars

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: Selloi

text: changed

text: to

text: Sellanes

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: Hellanes

text: Hellenes

text: However

text: this

text: etymology

text: connects

text: the

text: name

text: Hellenes

text: with

text: the

text: Dorians

text: who

text: occupied

text: Epirus

text: and

text: the

text: relation

text: with

text: the

text: name

text: Greeks

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: becomes

text: uncertain

text: The

text: name

text: Hellenes

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: older

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: probably

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Amphictyonic

text: League

text: This

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: association

text: of

text: Greek

text: tribes

text: with

text: twelve

text: founders

text: which

text: was

text: organized

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: great

text: temples

text: of

text: Apollo

text: in

text: Delphi

text: Phocis

text: and

text: of

text: Demeter

text: near

text: Thermopylae

text: Locris

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: legend

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: after

text: the

text: Trojan

text: War

text: by

text: the

text: eponymous

text: Amphictyon

text: brother

text: of

text: Hellen

question: What area is given to be the nesting point of a small group of pagans by a infamous philosopher from Greek ?

answer: Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia,

text: Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia,

question: From what mystical lineage does this name benefactor ascend from ?

answer: was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, who ruled around Phthia, the only survivors after the great deluge.

text: was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, who ruled around Phthia, the only survivors after the great deluge.

question: Who is this small group named for ?

answer: Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes

text: Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes

question: Is the name more ancient than other group names in the area ?

answer: The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League.

text: The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League.

question: How many orginal founding patrons are there of the Great Amphictyonic League ?

answer: with twelve founders

text: with twelve founders


text: The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: created

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: the

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: as

text: a

text: unified

text: army

text: for

text: the

text: colonies

text: to

text: fight

text: Great

text: Britain

text: with

text: George

text: Washington

text: appointed

text: as

text: its

text: commander

text: The

text: army

text: was

text: initially

text: led

text: by

text: men

text: who

text: had

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Army

text: or

text: colonial

text: militias

text: and

text: who

text: brought

text: much

text: of

text: British

text: military

text: heritage

text: with

text: them

text: As

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: progressed

text: French

text: aid

text: resources

text: and

text: military

text: thinking

text: influenced

text: the

text: new

text: army

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: European

text: soldiers

text: came

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: to

text: help

text: such

text: as

text: Friedrich

text: Wilhelm

text: von

text: Steuben

text: who

text: taught

text: the

text: army

text: Prussian

text: tactics

text: and

text: organizational

text: skills

question: When was the Continental Army created?

answer: 14 June 1775

text: 14 June 1775

question: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?

answer: George Washington

text: George Washington

question: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?

answer: Prussian tactics and organizational skills

text: Prussian tactics and organizational skills


text: While the new technique of polyphony was developing in the West, the Eastern Orthodox Church resisted any type of change. Therefore, Byzantine music remained monophonic and without any form of instrumental accompaniment. As a result, and despite certain attempts by certain Greek chanters (such as Manouel Gazis, Ioannis Plousiadinos or the Cypriot Ieronimos o Tragoudistis), Byzantine music was deprived of elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art. However, this method which kept music away from polyphony, along with centuries of continuous culture, enabled monophonic music to develop to the greatest heights of perfection. Byzantium presented the monophonic Byzantine chant; a melodic treasury of inestimable value for its rhythmical variety and expressive power.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: While

text: the

text: new

text: technique

text: of

text: polyphony

text: was

text: developing

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: resisted

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: change

text: Therefore

text: Byzantine

text: music

text: remained

text: monophonic

text: and

text: without

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: and

text: despite

text: certain

text: attempts

text: by

text: certain

text: Greek

text: chanters

text: such

text: as

text: Manouel

text: Gazis

text: Ioannis

text: Plousiadinos

text: or

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: Ieronimos

text: o

text: Tragoudistis

text: Byzantine

text: music

text: was

text: deprived

text: of

text: elements

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: encouraged

text: an

text: unimpeded

text: development

text: of

text: art

text: However

text: this

text: method

text: which

text: kept

text: music

text: away

text: from

text: polyphony

text: along

text: with

text: centuries

text: of

text: continuous

text: culture

text: enabled

text: monophonic

text: music

text: to

text: develop

text: to

text: the

text: greatest

text: heights

text: of

text: perfection

text: Byzantium

text: presented

text: the

text: monophonic

text: Byzantine

text: chant

text: a

text: melodic

text: treasury

text: of

text: inestimable

text: value

text: for

text: its

text: rhythmical

text: variety

text: and

text: expressive

text: power

question: The Eastern Orthodox Church resisted what change in music?

answer: polyphony

text: polyphony

question: Music without any form of instrumental accompaniment is known as what?

answer: monophonic

text: monophonic

question: One type of music derived from Byzantine is called what?

answer: Byzantine chant

text: Byzantine chant


text: The Alps are split into five climatic zones, each with different vegetation. The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The lowest zone is the colline zone, which exists between 500 and 1,000 m (1,640 and 3,281 ft), depending on the location. The montane zone extends from 800 to 1,700 m (2,625 to 5,577 ft), followed by the sub-Alpine zone from 1,600 to 2,400 m (5,249 to 7,874 ft). The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which tend to be less severe and receive less snowfall.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: split

text: into

text: five

text: climatic

text: zones

text: each

text: with

text: different

text: vegetation

text: The

text: climate

text: plant

text: life

text: and

text: animal

text: life

text: vary

text: among

text: the

text: different

text: sections

text: or

text: zones

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: The

text: lowest

text: zone

text: is

text: the

text: colline

text: zone

text: which

text: exists

text: between

text: and

text: m

text: and

text: ft

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: location

text: The

text: montane

text: zone

text: extends

text: from

text: to

text: m

text: to

text: ft

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: sub

text: Alpine

text: zone

text: from

text: to

text: m

text: to

text: ft

text: The

text: Alpine

text: zone

text: extending

text: from

text: tree

text: line

text: to

text: snow

text: line

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: glacial

text: zone

text: which

text: covers

text: the

text: glaciated

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: mountain

text: Climatic

text: conditions

text: show

text: variances

text: within

text: the

text: same

text: zones

text: for

text: example

text: weather

text: conditions

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: a

text: mountain

text: valley

text: extending

text: directly

text: from

text: the

text: peaks

text: are

text: colder

text: and

text: more

text: severe

text: than

text: those

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: a

text: valley

text: which

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: less

text: severe

text: and

text: receive

text: less

text: snowfall

question: How many zones are the Alps split into?

answer: five climatic zones

text: five climatic zones

question: What is the lowest zone of the Alps called?

answer: colline zone

text: colline zone

question: Where does the lowest zone of the Alps exist?

answer: between 500 and 1,000 m

text: between 500 and 1,000 m

question: Where does the montane zone extend from?

answer: from 800 to 1,700 m

text: from 800 to 1,700 m

question: Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from?

answer: from 1,600 to 2,400 m

text: from 1,600 to 2,400 m


text: METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will add five more lines. and expand the current Red Line. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service three times a week to Houston via the Sunset Limited (Los Angeles–New Orleans), which stops at a train station on the north side of the downtown area. The station saw 14,891 boardings and alightings in fiscal year 2008. In 2012, there was a 25 percent increase in ridership to 20,327 passengers embarking from the Houston Amtrak station.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: METRO

text: began

text: light

text: rail

text: service

text: on

text: January

text: with

text: the

text: inaugural

text: track

text: Red

text: Line

text: running

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Houston

text: Downtown

text: UHD

text: which

text: traverses

text: through

text: the

text: Texas

text: Medical

text: Center

text: and

text: terminates

text: at

text: NRG

text: Park

text: METRO

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: phase

text: of

text: a

text: expansion

text: plan

text: that

text: will

text: add

text: five

text: more

text: lines

text: and

text: expand

text: the

text: current

text: Red

text: Line

text: Amtrak

text: the

text: national

text: passenger

text: rail

text: system

text: provides

text: service

text: three

text: times

text: a

text: week

text: to

text: Houston

text: via

text: the

text: Sunset

text: Limited

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: New

text: Orleans

text: which

text: stops

text: at

text: a

text: train

text: station

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: The

text: station

text: saw

text: boardings

text: and

text: alightings

text: in

text: fiscal

text: year

text: In

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: percent

text: increase

text: in

text: ridership

text: to

text: passengers

text: embarking

text: from

text: the

text: Houston

text: Amtrak

text: station

question: When did Houston start using light rail lines?

answer: January 1, 2004

text: January 1, 2004

question: How long was the first light rail line in Houston?

answer: about 8 miles

text: about 8 miles

question: Where did the Red Line rail track terminate?

answer: NRG Park

text: NRG Park

question: How many new rail lines are planned for the future in Houston light rail?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many passengers used Amtrak to embark at Houston?

answer: 20,327


text: Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws. Florida requires felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges. As in other aspects of the criminal justice system, this law has disproportionate effects for minorities. As a result, according to Brent Staples, based on data from The Sentencing Project, the effect of Florida's law is such that in 2014 "[m]ore than one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions."

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: Florida

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: three

text: states

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: severe

text: felony

text: disenfranchisement

text: laws

text: Florida

text: requires

text: felons

text: to

text: have

text: completed

text: sentencing

text: parole

text: and/or

text: probation

text: and

text: then

text: seven

text: years

text: later

text: to

text: apply

text: individually

text: for

text: restoration

text: of

text: voting

text: privileges

text: As

text: in

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: criminal

text: justice

text: system

text: this

text: law

text: has

text: disproportionate

text: effects

text: for

text: minorities

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: according

text: to

text: Brent

text: Staples

text: based

text: on

text: data

text: from

text: The

text: Sentencing

text: Project

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: Florida

text: 's

text: law

text: is

text: such

text: that

text: in

text: m]ore

text: than

text: one

text: in

text: ten

text: Floridians

text: and

text: nearly

text: one

text: in

text: four

text: African

text: American

text: Floridians

text: are

text: shut

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: polls

text: because

text: of

text: felony

text: convictions

question: How severe are Florida disenfranchisement laws

answer: Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws.

text: Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws.

question: What doe s the law require for criminals

answer: felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges

text: felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges

question: Who does this law effect most

answer: this law has disproportionate effects for minorities

text: this law has disproportionate effects for minorities

question: How does it effect elections

answer: one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions

text: one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions


text: Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to "OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established "elitist aura" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Although

text: the

text: PC

text: market

text: declined

text: Apple

text: still

text: managed

text: to

text: ship

text: million

text: MacBooks

text: in

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: compared

text: to

text: total

text: Ultrabooks

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: dozens

text: of

text: Ultrabooks

text: from

text: various

text: manufacturers

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: while

text: Apple

text: only

text: offered

text: and

text: models

text: of

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: The

text: Air

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: ultra

text: portable

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: over

text: Windows

text: Ultrabooks

text: particularly

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: While

text: several

text: Ultrabooks

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: claim

text: individual

text: distinctions

text: such

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: lightest

text: or

text: thinnest

text: the

text: Air

text: was

text: regarded

text: by

text: reviewers

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: all

text: around

text: subnotebook

text: ultraportable

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: OS

text: X

text: experience

text: full

text: keyboard

text: superior

text: trackpad

text: Thunderbolt

text: connector

text: and

text: the

text: higher

text: quality

text: all

text: aluminum

text: unibody

text: construction

text: The

text: Air

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: receive

text: Intel

text: 's

text: latest

text: CPUs

text: before

text: other

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: OS

text: X

text: has

text: gained

text: market

text: share

text: on

text: Windows

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Through

text: July

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: took

text: in

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: Ultrabook

text: sales

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: although

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: priced

text: competitors

text: though

text: several

text: Ultrabooks

text: with

text: better

text: features

text: were

text: often

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: The

text: competitive

text: pricing

text: of

text: MacBooks

text: was

text: particularly

text: effective

text: when

text: rivals

text: charged

text: more

text: for

text: seemingly

text: equivalent

text: Ultrabooks

text: as

text: this

text: contradicted

text: the

text: established

text: elitist

text: aura

text: perception

text: that

text: Apple

text: products

text: cost

text: more

text: but

text: were

text: higher

text: quality

text: which

text: made

text: these

text: most

text: expensive

text: Ultrabooks

text: seem

text: exorbitant

text: no

text: matter

text: how

text: valid

text: their

text: higher

text: prices

text: were

question: What has been the best-selling ultra-portable over Windows Ultrabooks in the U.S.?

answer: MacBook Air

text: MacBook Air

question: What earned the title as best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable?

answer: MacBook Air

text: MacBook Air

question: What did the Air receive before other PC manufacturers?

answer: Intel's latest CPUs

text: Intel's latest CPUs

question: Through 7/1/13, what percentage of all Ultrabook sales in the U.S. were MacBook Airs?

answer: 56

question: When was the competetive pricing of MacBooks especially effective?

answer: when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks

text: when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks


text: On October 25, 1836, construction began on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad to connect the port city of Wilmington with the state capital of Raleigh. In 1849 the North Carolina Railroad was created by act of the legislature to extend that railroad west to Greensboro, High Point, and Charlotte. During the Civil War, the Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: On

text: October

text: construction

text: began

text: on

text: the

text: Wilmington

text: and

text: Raleigh

text: Railroad

text: to

text: connect

text: the

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Wilmington

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: Raleigh

text: In

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Railroad

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: legislature

text: to

text: extend

text: that

text: railroad

text: west

text: to

text: Greensboro

text: High

text: Point

text: and

text: Charlotte

text: During

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: Wilmington

text: to

text: Raleigh

text: stretch

text: of

text: the

text: railroad

text: would

text: be

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: Confederate

text: war

text: effort

text: supplies

text: shipped

text: into

text: Wilmington

text: would

text: be

text: moved

text: by

text: rail

text: through

text: Raleigh

text: to

text: the

text: Confederate

text: capital

text: of

text: Richmond

text: Virginia

question: What was the name of the railroad that began construction in 1836?

answer: Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad

text: Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad

question: The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad was going to connect Wilmington to what city?

answer: Raleigh

text: Raleigh

question: In 1849, what railroad was created?

answer: North Carolina Railroad

text: North Carolina Railroad

question: What direction did the North carolina railroad extend?

answer: west

text: west

question: What stretch of the railroad was vital to the confederates in the civil war?

answer: Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch

text: Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch


text: Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his family led to a large opposition movement. In 683, Yazid dispatched an army to subdue both movements. The army suppressed the Medinese opposition at the Battle of al-Harrah. The Grand Mosque in Medina was severely damaged and widespread pillaging caused deep-seated dissent. Yazid's army continued on and laid siege to Mecca. At some point during the siege, the Kaaba was badly damaged in a fire. The destruction of the Kaaba and Grand Mosque became a major cause for censure of the Umayyads in later histories of the period.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: Following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Husayn

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Zubayr

text: although

text: remaining

text: in

text: Mecca

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: two

text: opposition

text: movements

text: one

text: centered

text: in

text: Medina

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: around

text: Kharijites

text: in

text: Basra

text: and

text: Arabia

text: Because

text: Medina

text: had

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: Muhammad

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: including

text: Husayn

text: word

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: and

text: the

text: imprisonment

text: of

text: his

text: family

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: opposition

text: movement

text: In

text: Yazid

text: dispatched

text: an

text: army

text: to

text: subdue

text: both

text: movements

text: The

text: army

text: suppressed

text: the

text: Medinese

text: opposition

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: al

text: Harrah

text: The

text: Grand

text: Mosque

text: in

text: Medina

text: was

text: severely

text: damaged

text: and

text: widespread

text: pillaging

text: caused

text: deep

text: seated

text: dissent

text: Yazid

text: 's

text: army

text: continued

text: on

text: and

text: laid

text: siege

text: to

text: Mecca

text: At

text: some

text: point

text: during

text: the

text: siege

text: the

text: Kaaba

text: was

text: badly

text: damaged

text: in

text: a

text: fire

text: The

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: Kaaba

text: and

text: Grand

text: Mosque

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: cause

text: for

text: censure

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: in

text: later

text: histories

text: of

text: the

text: period

question: What opposition movement was based in Arabia and Basra?

answer: Kharijites

text: Kharijites

question: Who sent an army in 683 to stop the opposition movements?

answer: Yazid

text: Yazid

question: In what battle was the Medinese opposition movement defeated?

answer: Battle of al-Harrah

text: Battle of al-Harrah

question: Where is the Kaaba located?

answer: Mecca

text: Mecca


text: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: After

text: Christianization

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: local

text: rulers

text: led

text: German

text: expansion

text: and

text: settlement

text: in

text: areas

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Slavs

text: and

text: Balts

text: known

text: as

text: Ostsiedlung

text: During

text: the

text: wars

text: waged

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: by

text: the

text: Catholic

text: German

text: Teutonic

text: Knights

text: the

text: lands

text: inhabited

text: by

text: the

text: ethnic

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Prussians

text: the

text: current

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: known

text: then

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: Prussians

text: were

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: The

text: Old

text: Prussians

text: were

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Latvian

text: and

text: Lithuanian

text: Baltic

text: peoples

text: The

text: former

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Prussia

text: took

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Prussians

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: Germans

text: who

text: had

text: assimilated

text: the

text: Old

text: Prussians

text: the

text: old

text: Prussian

text: language

text: was

text: extinct

text: by

text: the

text: or

text: early

text: century

text: The

text: Slavic

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: controlled

text: Baltic

text: were

text: assimilated

text: into

text: German

text: culture

text: and

text: eventually

text: there

text: were

text: many

text: intermarriages

text: of

text: Slavic

text: and

text: German

text: families

text: including

text: amongst

text: the

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: aristocracy

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Junkers

text: Prussian

text: military

text: strategist

text: Karl

text: von

text: Clausewitz

text: is

text: a

text: famous

text: German

text: whose

text: surname

text: is

text: of

text: Slavic

text: origin

text: Massive

text: German

text: settlement

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: assimilation

text: of

text: Baltic

text: Old

text: Prussians

text: and

text: Slavic

text: Wends

text: populations

text: who

text: were

text: exhausted

text: by

text: previous

text: warfare

question: The Expansion of Germany  by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?

answer: Ostsiedlung

text: Ostsiedlung

question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?

answer: Catholic German Teutonic Knights

text: Catholic German Teutonic Knights

question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?

answer: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples

text: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples

question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?

answer: 17th or early 18th century

text: 17th or early 18th century

question: Who is a famous German that  name has Slavic origins?

answer: Karl von Clausewitz

text: Karl von Clausewitz

question: When was the Prussian language extinct?

answer: 17th or early 18th century

text: 17th or early 18th century

question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?

answer: were assimilated into German culture

text: were assimilated into German culture

question: Who led the German expansion?

answer: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers

text: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers

question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?

answer: Karl von Clausewitz

text: Karl von Clausewitz

question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?

answer: Massive German settlement

text: Massive German settlement


text: Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of the deerskin trade era, an estimated 500,000 to 1,250,000 deer were slaughtered. During the same period, Charles Town records show an export of 5,239,350 pounds of deer skins. Deer skins were used in the production of men's fashionable and practical buckskin pantaloons, gloves, and book bindings.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Charles

text: Town

text: was

text: a

text: hub

text: of

text: the

text: deerskin

text: trade

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: its

text: early

text: economy

text: Trade

text: alliances

text: with

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: and

text: Creek

text: nations

text: insured

text: a

text: steady

text: supply

text: of

text: deer

text: hides

text: Between

text: and

text: colonists

text: exported

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: deer

text: skins

text: annually

text: to

text: Europe

text: through

text: Charles

text: Town

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: deerskin

text: trade

text: era

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: deer

text: were

text: slaughtered

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: Charles

text: Town

text: records

text: show

text: an

text: export

text: of

text: pounds

text: of

text: deer

text: skins

text: Deer

text: skins

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: men

text: 's

text: fashionable

text: and

text: practical

text: buckskin

text: pantaloons

text: gloves

text: and

text: book

text: bindings

question: What other Native American nation supplied Charles Town with deer hides other than the Cherokee nation?

answer: Creek nations

text: Creek nations

question: What is the  estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761?

answer: 500,000 to 1,250,000

text: 500,000 to 1,250,000

question: Records indicate how many pounds of deer skins were exported from Charles Town during the height of its deerskin trade?

answer: 5,239,350

question: What trade was the basis of Charles Town's original economy?

answer: the deerskin trade

text: the deerskin trade

question: What was the average amount of deer skins  that Charles Town exported to Europe between 1699 to 1715?

answer: 54,000


text: Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: in

text: most

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: architectural

text: styles

text: current

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: is

text: eponymous

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: British

text: monarchs

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: George

text: I

text: George

text: II

text: George

text: III

text: and

text: George

text: IV

text: who

text: reigned

text: in

text: continuous

text: succession

text: from

text: August

text: to

text: June

text: The

text: style

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: Colonial

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: as

text: Neo

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: in

text: both

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Georgian

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: In

text: America

text: the

text: term

text: Georgian

text: is

text: generally

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: all

text: building

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: regardless

text: of

text: style

text: in

text: Britain

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: restricted

text: to

text: buildings

text: that

text: are

text: architectural

text: in

text: intention

text: and

text: have

text: stylistic

text: characteristics

text: that

text: are

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: though

text: that

text: covers

text: a

text: wide

text: range

question: Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830?

answer: George I, George II, George III, and George IV

text: George I, George II, George III, and George IV

question: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?

answer: Colonial Revival

text: Colonial Revival

question: Between what years was Georgian architecture in style?

answer: between 1714 and 1830

text: between 1714 and 1830

question: What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture.

answer: Neo-Georgian

text: Neo-Georgian

question: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830?

answer: House of Hanover

text: House of Hanover


text: Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of passage of a bill by the Cortes Generales, the sovereign shall give his or her assent and publish the new law. Article 92 invests the monarch with the right to call for a referendum, on the advice of the president of the government (commonly referred to in English as the prime minister) and the authorisation of the cortes.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Title

text: IV

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: constitution

text: invests

text: the

text: Consentimiento

text: Real

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: and

text: promulgation

text: publication

text: of

text: laws

text: with

text: the

text: monarch

text: of

text: Spain

text: while

text: Title

text: III

text: The

text: Cortes

text: Generales

text: Chapter

text: Drafting

text: of

text: Bills

text: outlines

text: the

text: method

text: by

text: which

text: bills

text: are

text: passed

text: According

text: to

text: Article

text: within

text: fifteen

text: days

text: of

text: passage

text: of

text: a

text: bill

text: by

text: the

text: Cortes

text: Generales

text: the

text: sovereign

text: shall

text: give

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: assent

text: and

text: publish

text: the

text: new

text: law

text: Article

text: invests

text: the

text: monarch

text: with

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: call

text: for

text: a

text: referendum

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: and

text: the

text: authorisation

text: of

text: the

text: cortes

question: Which article in the Spanish constitution gives the monarch the right to ask for a referendum?

answer: Article 92

text: Article 92

question: Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill?

answer: Article 91

text: Article 91

question: In the 1978 Spanish constitution, which title describes how bills are passed?

answer: Title III, The Cortes Generales

text: Title III, The Cortes Generales

question: What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed?

answer: Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills

text: Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills


text: A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: A

text: Protestant

text: baptism

text: is

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: valid

text: by

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: if

text: given

text: with

text: the

text: trinitarian

text: formula

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: to

text: baptize

text: However

text: as

text: the

text: ordination

text: of

text: Protestant

text: ministers

text: is

text: not

text: recognized

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: apostolic

text: succession

text: and

text: the

text: disunity

text: from

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: all

text: other

text: sacraments

text: except

text: marriage

text: performed

text: by

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: and

text: ministers

text: are

text: not

text: recognized

text: as

text: valid

text: Therefore

text: Protestants

text: desiring

text: full

text: communion

text: with

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: are

text: not

text: re

text: baptized

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: confirmed

text: and

text: Protestant

text: ministers

text: who

text: become

text: Catholics

text: may

text: be

text: ordained

text: to

text: the

text: priesthood

text: after

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: study

question: If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize?

answer: baptism

text: baptism

question: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?

answer: marriage

text: marriage

question: Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?

answer: Protestant ministers who become Catholics

text: Protestant ministers who become Catholics

question: Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what?

answer: re-baptized

text: re-baptized

question: Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers?

answer: the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church

text: the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church


text: It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: this

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: notation

text: of

text: music

text: on

text: a

text: staff

text: and

text: other

text: elements

text: of

text: musical

text: notation

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: shape

text: This

text: invention

text: made

text: possible

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: from

text: its

text: transmission

text: without

text: written

text: music

text: transmission

text: was

text: oral

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: change

text: every

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: transmitted

text: With

text: a

text: musical

text: score

text: a

text: work

text: of

text: music

text: could

text: be

text: performed

text: without

text: the

text: composer

text: 's

text: presence

text: The

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: movable

text: type

text: printing

text: press

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: had

text: far

text: reaching

text: consequences

text: on

text: the

text: preservation

text: and

text: transmission

text: of

text: music

question: The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time?

answer: staff

text: staff

question: How was music transmitted before the invention of musical notation?

answer: oral

text: oral

question: What was oral music subject to every time is was transmitted?

answer: change

text: change

question: What can a musical scored be performed without?

answer: the composer's presence

text: the composer's presence

question: When was the movable-type printing press invented?

answer: the 15th century

text: the 15th century


text: The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in excess of 40,000 metric tons (44,000 short tons) of copra. Samoan cocoa beans are of very high quality and used in fine New Zealand chocolates. Most are Criollo-Forastero hybrids. Coffee grows well, but production has been uneven. WSTEC is the biggest coffee producer. Rubber has been produced in Samoa for many years, but its export value has little impact on the economy.[citation needed]

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: The

text: staple

text: products

text: of

text: Samoa

text: are

text: copra

text: dried

text: coconut

text: meat

text: cocoa

text: bean

text: for

text: chocolate

text: and

text: bananas

text: The

text: annual

text: production

text: of

text: both

text: bananas

text: and

text: copra

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: to

text: metric

text: tons

text: about

text: to

text: short

text: tons

text: If

text: the

text: rhinoceros

text: beetle

text: in

text: Samoa

text: were

text: eradicated

text: Samoa

text: could

text: produce

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: metric

text: tons

text: short

text: tons

text: of

text: copra

text: Samoan

text: cocoa

text: beans

text: are

text: of

text: very

text: high

text: quality

text: and

text: used

text: in

text: fine

text: New

text: Zealand

text: chocolates

text: Most

text: are

text: Criollo

text: Forastero

text: hybrids

text: Coffee

text: grows

text: well

text: but

text: production

text: has

text: been

text: uneven

text: WSTEC

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: coffee

text: producer

text: Rubber

text: has

text: been

text: produced

text: in

text: Samoa

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: but

text: its

text: export

text: value

text: has

text: little

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: economy.[citation

text: needed

question: What is copra?

answer: dried coconut meat

text: dried coconut meat

question: How many metric tons of bananas and copra does Samoa produce each year?

answer: 13,000 to 15,000

text: 13,000 to 15,000

question: What pest is the greatest threat to Samoan crops?

answer: rhinoceros beetle

text: rhinoceros beetle

question: Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?

answer: high quality

text: high quality

question: What company produces more coffee than any other in Samoa?

answer: WSTEC

text: WSTEC


text: The Company's headquarters in London, from which much of India was governed, was East India House in Leadenhall Street. After occupying premises in Philpot Lane from 1600 to 1621; in Crosby House, Bishopsgate, from 1621 to 1638; and in Leadenhall Street from 1638 to 1648, the Company moved into Craven House, an Elizabethan mansion in Leadenhall Street. The building had become known as East India House by 1661. It was completely rebuilt and enlarged in 1726–9; and further significantly remodelled and expanded in 1796–1800. It was finally vacated in 1860 and demolished in 1861–62. The site is now occupied by the Lloyd's building.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: The

text: Company

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: in

text: London

text: from

text: which

text: much

text: of

text: India

text: was

text: governed

text: was

text: East

text: India

text: House

text: in

text: Leadenhall

text: Street

text: After

text: occupying

text: premises

text: in

text: Philpot

text: Lane

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: Crosby

text: House

text: Bishopsgate

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: in

text: Leadenhall

text: Street

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Company

text: moved

text: into

text: Craven

text: House

text: an

text: Elizabethan

text: mansion

text: in

text: Leadenhall

text: Street

text: The

text: building

text: had

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: India

text: House

text: by

text: It

text: was

text: completely

text: rebuilt

text: and

text: enlarged

text: in

text: and

text: further

text: significantly

text: remodelled

text: and

text: expanded

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: finally

text: vacated

text: in

text: and

text: demolished

text: in

text: The

text: site

text: is

text: now

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Lloyd

text: 's

text: building

question: Where were the EIC  headquarters located?

answer: London

text: London

question: What was the name of EIC headquartes?

answer: East India House

text: East India House

question: between 1638 and 1648 what street was EIC headquarters on?

answer: Leadenhall Street

text: Leadenhall Street

question: Where was the EIC headquarters moved to after  1648?

answer: Craven House

text: Craven House

question: What building now sits where the EIC headquarters last sat?

answer: the Lloyd's building

text: the Lloyd's building