text: Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem. It has also been shown that the promise of ACLs of giving access to an object to only one person can never be guaranteed in practice. Both of these problems are resolved by capabilities. This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed]

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: Within

text: computer

text: systems

text: two

text: of

text: many

text: security

text: models

text: capable

text: of

text: enforcing

text: privilege

text: separation

text: are

text: access

text: control

text: lists

text: ACLs

text: and

text: capability

text: based

text: security

text: Using

text: ACLs

text: to

text: confine

text: programs

text: has

text: been

text: proven

text: to

text: be

text: insecure

text: in

text: many

text: situations

text: such

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: host

text: computer

text: can

text: be

text: tricked

text: into

text: indirectly

text: allowing

text: restricted

text: file

text: access

text: an

text: issue

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: confused

text: deputy

text: problem

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: shown

text: that

text: the

text: promise

text: of

text: ACLs

text: of

text: giving

text: access

text: to

text: an

text: object

text: to

text: only

text: one

text: person

text: can

text: never

text: be

text: guaranteed

text: in

text: practice

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: problems

text: are

text: resolved

text: by

text: capabilities

text: This

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: practical

text: flaws

text: exist

text: in

text: all

text: ACL

text: based

text: systems

text: but

text: only

text: that

text: the

text: designers

text: of

text: certain

text: utilities

text: must

text: take

text: responsibility

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: introduce

text: flaws.[citation

text: needed

question: What does ACL stand for?

answer: access control lists

text: access control lists

question: ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what?

answer: enforcing privilege separation

text: enforcing privilege separation

question: A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what?

answer: the confused deputy problem

text: the confused deputy problem

question: What must designers of systems that are ACL based do?

answer: take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws

text: take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws

question: The confused deputy problem and the problem of not guaranteeing only one person has access are resolved by what?

answer: capabilities

text: capabilities


text: The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be blunted by illness or the use of multiple prescription drugs. Depression may also keep the older adult from reporting they are in pain. The older adult may also quit doing activities they love because it hurts too much. Decline in self-care activities (dressing, grooming, walking, etc.) may also be indicators that the older adult is experiencing pain. The older adult may refrain from reporting pain because they are afraid they will have to have surgery or will be put on a drug they might become addicted to. They may not want others to see them as weak, or may feel there is something impolite or shameful in complaining about pain, or they may feel the pain is deserved punishment for past transgressions.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: The

text: experience

text: of

text: pain

text: has

text: many

text: cultural

text: dimensions

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: experiences

text: and

text: responds

text: to

text: pain

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: sociocultural

text: characteristics

text: such

text: as

text: gender

text: ethnicity

text: and

text: age

text: An

text: aging

text: adult

text: may

text: not

text: respond

text: to

text: pain

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: that

text: a

text: younger

text: person

text: would

text: Their

text: ability

text: to

text: recognize

text: pain

text: may

text: be

text: blunted

text: by

text: illness

text: or

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: multiple

text: prescription

text: drugs

text: Depression

text: may

text: also

text: keep

text: the

text: older

text: adult

text: from

text: reporting

text: they

text: are

text: in

text: pain

text: The

text: older

text: adult

text: may

text: also

text: quit

text: doing

text: activities

text: they

text: love

text: because

text: it

text: hurts

text: too

text: much

text: Decline

text: in

text: self

text: care

text: activities

text: dressing

text: grooming

text: walking

text: etc

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: indicators

text: that

text: the

text: older

text: adult

text: is

text: experiencing

text: pain

text: The

text: older

text: adult

text: may

text: refrain

text: from

text: reporting

text: pain

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: afraid

text: they

text: will

text: have

text: to

text: have

text: surgery

text: or

text: will

text: be

text: put

text: on

text: a

text: drug

text: they

text: might

text: become

text: addicted

text: to

text: They

text: may

text: not

text: want

text: others

text: to

text: see

text: them

text: as

text: weak

text: or

text: may

text: feel

text: there

text: is

text: something

text: impolite

text: or

text: shameful

text: in

text: complaining

text: about

text: pain

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: feel

text: the

text: pain

text: is

text: deserved

text: punishment

text: for

text: past

text: transgressions

question: Why may older adults quit doing activities the love?

answer: because it hurts too much

text: because it hurts too much

question: What does the experience of pain have throughout cultures?

answer: dimensions

text: dimensions

question: What might an aging adult not respond to the same way as a younger person would?

answer: pain

text: pain

question: An older adult may also not report pain because they're scared they may be put on what?

answer: a drug

text: a drug

question: Aging adult's ability to recognize pain may be blunted by what?

answer: illness

text: illness


text: Towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s, producers such as Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain and DJ Falcon began producing a new sound out of Paris's house scene. Together, they laid the groundwork for what would be known as the French house movement. By combining the harder-edged-yet-soulful philosophy of Chicago house with the melodies of obscure funk, state-of-the-art production techniques and the sound of analog synthesizers, they began to create the standards that would shape all house music.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: producers

text: such

text: as

text: Daft

text: Punk

text: Stardust

text: Cassius

text: St.

text: Germain

text: and

text: DJ

text: Falcon

text: began

text: producing

text: a

text: new

text: sound

text: out

text: of

text: Paris

text: 's

text: house

text: scene

text: Together

text: they

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: what

text: would

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: French

text: house

text: movement

text: By

text: combining

text: the

text: harder

text: edged

text: yet

text: soulful

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Chicago

text: house

text: with

text: the

text: melodies

text: of

text: obscure

text: funk

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: production

text: techniques

text: and

text: the

text: sound

text: of

text: analog

text: synthesizers

text: they

text: began

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: standards

text: that

text: would

text: shape

text: all

text: house

text: music

question: Daft Punk began producing a new sound out of what european city?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: When did Daft Punk begin producing a new sound?

answer: end of the 1990s and into the 2000s

text: end of the 1990s and into the 2000s

question: Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene?

answer: Paris's house scene

text: Paris's house scene


text: Digimon hatch from types of eggs which are called Digi-Eggs (デジタマ, Dejitama?). In the English iterations of the franchise there is another type of Digi-Egg that can be used to digivolve, or transform, Digimon. This second type of Digi-Egg is called a Digimental (デジメンタル, Dejimentaru?) in Japanese. (This type of Digi-Egg was also featured as a major object throughout season 2 as a way of Digivolution available only to certain characters at certain points throughout the season.) They age via a process called "Digivolution" which changes their appearance and increases their powers. The effect of Digivolution, however, is not permanent in the partner Digimon of the main characters in the anime, and Digimon who have digivolved will most of the time revert to their previous form after a battle or if they are too weak to continue. Some Digimon act feral. Most, however, are capable of intelligence and human speech. They are able to digivolve by the use of Digivices that their human partners have. In some cases, as in the first series, the DigiDestined (known as the 'Chosen Children' in the original Japanese) had to find some special items such as crests and tags so the Digimon could digivolve into further stages of evolution known as Ultimate and Mega in the dub.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: Digimon

text: hatch

text: from

text: types

text: of

text: eggs

text: which

text: are

text: called

text: Digi

text: Eggs

text: デジタマ

text: Dejitama

text: In

text: the

text: English

text: iterations

text: of

text: the

text: franchise

text: there

text: is

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: Digi

text: Egg

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: digivolve

text: or

text: transform

text: Digimon

text: This

text: second

text: type

text: of

text: Digi

text: Egg

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: Digimental

text: デジメンタル

text: Dejimentaru

text: in

text: Japanese

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: Digi

text: Egg

text: was

text: also

text: featured

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: object

text: throughout

text: season

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: Digivolution

text: available

text: only

text: to

text: certain

text: characters

text: at

text: certain

text: points

text: throughout

text: the

text: season

text: They

text: age

text: via

text: a

text: process

text: called

text: Digivolution

text: which

text: changes

text: their

text: appearance

text: and

text: increases

text: their

text: powers

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: Digivolution

text: however

text: is

text: not

text: permanent

text: in

text: the

text: partner

text: Digimon

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: characters

text: in

text: the

text: anime

text: and

text: Digimon

text: who

text: have

text: digivolved

text: will

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: revert

text: to

text: their

text: previous

text: form

text: after

text: a

text: battle

text: or

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: too

text: weak

text: to

text: continue

text: Some

text: Digimon

text: act

text: feral

text: Most

text: however

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: intelligence

text: and

text: human

text: speech

text: They

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: digivolve

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Digivices

text: that

text: their

text: human

text: partners

text: have

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: series

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chosen

text: Children

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: Japanese

text: had

text: to

text: find

text: some

text: special

text: items

text: such

text: as

text: crests

text: and

text: tags

text: so

text: the

text: Digimon

text: could

text: digivolve

text: into

text: further

text: stages

text: of

text: evolution

text: known

text: as

text: Ultimate

text: and

text: Mega

text: in

text: the

text: dub

question: How do digimon evolve?

answer: Digimental

text: Digimental

question: How are digimon born?

answer: Digimon hatch from types of eggs which are called Digi-Eggs

text: Digimon hatch from types of eggs which are called Digi-Eggs

question: What is the process of aging called for digimon?

answer: Digivolution

text: Digivolution

question: What effect does digivolution have on digimon?

answer: changes their appearance and increases their powers

text: changes their appearance and increases their powers

question: Are digimon all mindless monsters?

answer: Some Digimon act feral. Most, however, are capable of intelligence and human speech

text: Some Digimon act feral. Most, however, are capable of intelligence and human speech

question: What were the eggs called that the Digimon were hatched from?

answer: Digi-Eggs

text: Digi-Eggs

question: What is the second type of Digi-Eggs called?

answer: Digimental

text: Digimental

question: What is the process called of how Digi-Eggs age?

answer: Digivolution

text: Digivolution

question: What items were used to help the Digimon evolve?

answer: Digivices

text: Digivices


text: Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: has

text: a

text: tropical

text: wet

text: and

text: dry

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Aw

text: bordering

text: on

text: a

text: hot

text: semi

text: arid

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: BSh

text: The

text: annual

text: mean

text: temperature

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: monthly

text: mean

text: temperatures

text: are

text: C

text: F

text: Summers

text: March

text: June

text: are

text: hot

text: and

text: humid

text: with

text: average

text: highs

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: high

text: Celsius

text: maximum

text: temperatures

text: often

text: exceed

text: C

text: F

text: between

text: April

text: and

text: June

text: The

text: coolest

text: temperatures

text: occur

text: in

text: December

text: and

text: January

text: when

text: the

text: lowest

text: temperature

text: occasionally

text: dips

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: May

text: is

text: the

text: hottest

text: month

text: when

text: daily

text: temperatures

text: range

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: December

text: the

text: coldest

text: has

text: temperatures

text: varying

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: F

question: What is the mean yearly temperature in Hyderabad in Celsius?

answer: 26.6 °C

text: 26.6 °C

question: Köppen Aw refers to what kind of climate?

answer: tropical wet and dry climate

text: tropical wet and dry climate

question: During what months does summer occur in Hyderabad?

answer: March–June

text: March–June

question: What is the typical lowest temperature in Celsius during winter in Hyderabad?

answer: 10 °C

text: 10 °C

question: What is generally the hottest month in Hyderabad?

answer: May

text: May


text: Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling. In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Although

text: asthma

text: is

text: a

text: chronic

text: obstructive

text: condition

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: chronic

text: obstructive

text: pulmonary

text: disease

text: as

text: this

text: term

text: refers

text: specifically

text: to

text: combinations

text: of

text: disease

text: that

text: are

text: irreversible

text: such

text: as

text: bronchiectasis

text: chronic

text: bronchitis

text: and

text: emphysema

text: Unlike

text: these

text: diseases

text: the

text: airway

text: obstruction

text: in

text: asthma

text: is

text: usually

text: reversible

text: however

text: if

text: left

text: untreated

text: the

text: chronic

text: inflammation

text: from

text: asthma

text: can

text: lead

text: the

text: lungs

text: to

text: become

text: irreversibly

text: obstructed

text: due

text: to

text: airway

text: remodeling

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: emphysema

text: asthma

text: affects

text: the

text: bronchi

text: not

text: the

text: alveoli

question: What kind of condition is asthma?

answer: a chronic obstructive condition

text: a chronic obstructive condition

question: What are examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

answer: bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

text: bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

question: Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma?

answer: asthma is usually reversible

text: asthma is usually reversible

question: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?

answer: alveoli

text: alveoli

question: What part of the airway does asthma affect?

answer: the bronchi

text: the bronchi


text: By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater degree in Japan, where the format was better supported and more prevalent during its life. In Europe, LaserDisc always remained an obscure format. It was chosen by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the BBC Domesday Project in the mid-1980s, a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England. From 1991 up until the early 2000s, the BBC also used LaserDisc technology to play out the channel idents.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: LaserDisc

text: was

text: completely

text: replaced

text: by

text: DVD

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: retail

text: marketplace

text: as

text: neither

text: players

text: nor

text: software

text: were

text: then

text: produced

text: Players

text: were

text: still

text: exported

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: from

text: Japan

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: The

text: format

text: has

text: retained

text: some

text: popularity

text: among

text: American

text: collectors

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: greater

text: degree

text: in

text: Japan

text: where

text: the

text: format

text: was

text: better

text: supported

text: and

text: more

text: prevalent

text: during

text: its

text: life

text: In

text: Europe

text: LaserDisc

text: always

text: remained

text: an

text: obscure

text: format

text: It

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: BBC

text: for

text: the

text: BBC

text: Domesday

text: Project

text: in

text: the

text: a

text: school

text: based

text: project

text: to

text: commemorate

text: years

text: since

text: the

text: original

text: Domesday

text: Book

text: in

text: England

text: From

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: BBC

text: also

text: used

text: LaserDisc

text: technology

text: to

text: play

text: out

text: the

text: channel

text: idents

question: What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s?

answer: DVD

text: DVD

question: Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s?

answer: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

text: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

question: What was the BBC Domesday Project?

answer: a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England

text: a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England

question: Which country still exported players to North America until 2001?

answer: Japan

text: Japan


text: The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descendants of a subspecies indigenous to south-central Chile, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, where it was cultivated as long as 10,000 years ago. According to George Raudzens, "It is clear that in pre-Columbian times some groups struggled to survive and often suffered food shortages and famines, while others enjoyed a varied and substantial diet." The persistent drought around 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization, and the famine of One Rabbit (AD 1454) was a major catastrophe in Mexico.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: South

text: American

text: highlands

text: were

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: early

text: agriculture

text: Genetic

text: testing

text: of

text: the

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: cultivars

text: and

text: wild

text: species

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: potato

text: has

text: a

text: single

text: origin

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: southern

text: Peru

text: from

text: a

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: Solanum

text: brevicaule

text: complex

text: Over

text: of

text: all

text: modern

text: cultivated

text: potatoes

text: worldwide

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: a

text: subspecies

text: indigenous

text: to

text: south

text: central

text: Chile

text: Solanum

text: tuberosum

text: ssp

text: tuberosum

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: cultivated

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: years

text: ago

text: According

text: to

text: George

text: Raudzens

text: It

text: is

text: clear

text: that

text: in

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: times

text: some

text: groups

text: struggled

text: to

text: survive

text: and

text: often

text: suffered

text: food

text: shortages

text: and

text: famines

text: while

text: others

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: varied

text: and

text: substantial

text: diet

text: The

text: persistent

text: drought

text: around

text: AD

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: Classic

text: Maya

text: civilization

text: and

text: the

text: famine

text: of

text: One

text: Rabbit

text: AD

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: catastrophe

text: in

text: Mexico

question: Where was a center of early agriculture?

answer: South American highlands

text: South American highlands

question: Based on genetic testing, what has been suggested about the origin of the potato?

answer: single

text: single

question: Where did the potato originate?

answer: area of southern Peru

text: area of southern Peru

question: How long ago was the decedent of 99% of all modern potatoes cultivated as long ago as?

answer: 10,000 years ago

text: 10,000 years ago

question: What event in 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Mayan civilization?

answer: persistent drought

text: persistent drought


text: In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: In

text: Bern

text: about

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: have

text: completed

text: non

text: mandatory

text: upper

text: secondary

text: education

text: and

text: or

text: have

text: completed

text: additional

text: higher

text: education

text: either

text: university

text: or

text: a

text: Fachhochschule

text: Of

text: the

text: who

text: completed

text: tertiary

text: schooling

text: were

text: Swiss

text: men

text: were

text: Swiss

text: women

text: were

text: non

text: Swiss

text: men

text: and

text: were

text: non

text: Swiss

text: women

question: What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?

answer: 39.2%

question: What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education?

answer: 18.9%

question: The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people?

answer: Swiss men

text: Swiss men


text: Initially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in response to the militant activity of EOKA. The Turkish Cypriots also viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island and believed in their having a separate right to self-determination from Greek Cypriots. Meanwhile, in the 1950s, Turkish leader Menderes considered Cyprus an "extension of Anatolia", rejected the partition of Cyprus along ethnic lines and favoured the annexation of the whole island to Turkey. Nationalistic slogans centred on the idea that "Cyprus is Turkish" and the ruling party declared Cyprus to be a part of the Turkish homeland that was vital to its security. Upon realising the fact that the Turkish Cypriot population was only 20% of the islanders made annexation unfeasible, the national policy was changed to favour partition. The slogan "Partition or Death" was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot and Turkish protests starting in the late 1950s and continuing throughout the 1960s. Although after the Zürich and London conferences Turkey seemed to accept the existence of the Cypriot state and to distance itself from its policy of favouring the partition of the island, the goal of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot leaders remained that of creating an independent Turkish state in the northern part of the island.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Initially

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Cypriots

text: favoured

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: rule

text: However

text: they

text: were

text: alarmed

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: Cypriot

text: calls

text: for

text: enosis

text: as

text: they

text: saw

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: Crete

text: with

text: Greece

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: exodus

text: of

text: Cretan

text: Turks

text: as

text: a

text: precedent

text: to

text: be

text: avoided

text: and

text: they

text: took

text: a

text: pro

text: partition

text: stance

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: militant

text: activity

text: of

text: EOKA

text: The

text: Turkish

text: Cypriots

text: also

text: viewed

text: themselves

text: as

text: a

text: distinct

text: ethnic

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: believed

text: in

text: their

text: having

text: a

text: separate

text: right

text: to

text: self

text: determination

text: from

text: Greek

text: Cypriots

text: Meanwhile

text: in

text: the

text: Turkish

text: leader

text: Menderes

text: considered

text: Cyprus

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: rejected

text: the

text: partition

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: along

text: ethnic

text: lines

text: and

text: favoured

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: the

text: whole

text: island

text: to

text: Turkey

text: Nationalistic

text: slogans

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: Cyprus

text: is

text: Turkish

text: and

text: the

text: ruling

text: party

text: declared

text: Cyprus

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: homeland

text: that

text: was

text: vital

text: to

text: its

text: security

text: Upon

text: realising

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: population

text: was

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: islanders

text: made

text: annexation

text: unfeasible

text: the

text: national

text: policy

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: favour

text: partition

text: The

text: slogan

text: Partition

text: or

text: Death

text: was

text: frequently

text: used

text: in

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: and

text: Turkish

text: protests

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: continuing

text: throughout

text: the

text: Although

text: after

text: the

text: Zürich

text: and

text: London

text: conferences

text: Turkey

text: seemed

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: state

text: and

text: to

text: distance

text: itself

text: from

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: favouring

text: the

text: partition

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: and

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: leaders

text: remained

text: that

text: of

text: creating

text: an

text: independent

text: Turkish

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

question: Who viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island of Cyprus?

answer: Turkish Cypriots

text: Turkish Cypriots

question: Initially Turkish Cypriots favoured the continued rule of what Western power?

answer: British

text: British

question: What percentage of the population did Turkish Cypriots make up?

answer: 20%

question: What slogan was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot protests?

answer: "Partition or Death"

text: "Partition or Death"


text: Nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. They include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian. Representatives of the lycopods have survived to the present day. By the end of the Devonian period, several groups, including the lycopods, sphenophylls and progymnosperms, had independently evolved "megaspory" – their spores were of two distinct sizes, larger megaspores and smaller microspores. Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory. Seeds consist of an endosporic megasporangium surrounded by one or two sheathing layers (integuments). The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it. The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage. Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce "naked seeds" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in a structure such as a carpel or an ovary. Ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Nonvascular

text: land

text: plants

text: are

text: embryophytes

text: that

text: lack

text: the

text: vascular

text: tissues

text: xylem

text: and

text: phloem

text: They

text: include

text: mosses

text: liverworts

text: and

text: hornworts

text: Pteridophytic

text: vascular

text: plants

text: with

text: true

text: xylem

text: and

text: phloem

text: that

text: reproduced

text: by

text: spores

text: germinating

text: into

text: free

text: living

text: gametophytes

text: evolved

text: during

text: the

text: Silurian

text: period

text: and

text: diversified

text: into

text: several

text: lineages

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Silurian

text: and

text: early

text: Devonian

text: Representatives

text: of

text: the

text: lycopods

text: have

text: survived

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: several

text: groups

text: including

text: the

text: lycopods

text: sphenophylls

text: and

text: progymnosperms

text: had

text: independently

text: evolved

text: megaspory

text: their

text: spores

text: were

text: of

text: two

text: distinct

text: sizes

text: larger

text: megaspores

text: and

text: smaller

text: microspores

text: Their

text: reduced

text: gametophytes

text: developed

text: from

text: megaspores

text: retained

text: within

text: the

text: spore

text: producing

text: organs

text: megasporangia

text: of

text: the

text: sporophyte

text: a

text: condition

text: known

text: as

text: endospory

text: Seeds

text: consist

text: of

text: an

text: endosporic

text: megasporangium

text: surrounded

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: sheathing

text: layers

text: integuments

text: The

text: young

text: sporophyte

text: develops

text: within

text: the

text: seed

text: which

text: on

text: germination

text: splits

text: to

text: release

text: it

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: seed

text: plants

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: latest

text: Devonian

text: Famennian

text: stage

text: Following

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: seed

text: habit

text: seed

text: plants

text: diversified

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: now

text: extinct

text: groups

text: including

text: seed

text: ferns

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: modern

text: gymnosperms

text: and

text: angiosperms

text: Gymnosperms

text: produce

text: naked

text: seeds

text: not

text: fully

text: enclosed

text: in

text: an

text: ovary

text: modern

text: representatives

text: include

text: conifers

text: cycads

text: Ginkgo

text: and

text: Gnetales

text: Angiosperms

text: produce

text: seeds

text: enclosed

text: in

text: a

text: structure

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: carpel

text: or

text: an

text: ovary

text: Ongoing

text: research

text: on

text: the

text: molecular

text: phylogenetics

text: of

text: living

text: plants

text: appears

text: to

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: angiosperms

text: are

text: a

text: sister

text: clade

text: to

text: the

text: gymnosperms

question: What makes mosses different from other land plants?

answer: lack the vascular tissues

text: lack the vascular tissues

question: What protects the young plant in the seed?

answer: one or two sheathing layers

text: one or two sheathing layers

question: How does the plant escape the seed?

answer: splits to release it

text: splits to release it

question: What is the term for plants whose seeds do not have a protective ovary?

answer: Gymnosperms

text: Gymnosperms

question: What event led to the diversification of seed plants?

answer: evolution of the seed habit

text: evolution of the seed habit


text: Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers. At one point, its product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. These models competed against Macintosh clones, hardware manufactured by third parties that ran Apple's System 7. This succeeded in increasing the Macintosh's market share somewhat, and provided cheaper hardware for consumers, but hurt Apple financially as existing Apple customers began to buy cheaper clones which cannibalized the sales of Apple's higher-margin Macintosh systems, yet Apple still shouldered the burden of developing the Mac OS platform.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Furthermore

text: Apple

text: had

text: created

text: too

text: many

text: similar

text: models

text: that

text: confused

text: potential

text: buyers

text: At

text: one

text: point

text: its

text: product

text: lineup

text: was

text: subdivided

text: into

text: Classic

text: LC

text: II

text: Quadra

text: Performa

text: and

text: Centris

text: models

text: with

text: essentially

text: the

text: same

text: computer

text: being

text: sold

text: under

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: names

text: These

text: models

text: competed

text: against

text: Macintosh

text: clones

text: hardware

text: manufactured

text: by

text: third

text: parties

text: that

text: ran

text: Apple

text: 's

text: System

text: This

text: succeeded

text: in

text: increasing

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: somewhat

text: and

text: provided

text: cheaper

text: hardware

text: for

text: consumers

text: but

text: hurt

text: Apple

text: financially

text: as

text: existing

text: Apple

text: customers

text: began

text: to

text: buy

text: cheaper

text: clones

text: which

text: cannibalized

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: higher

text: margin

text: Macintosh

text: systems

text: yet

text: Apple

text: still

text: shouldered

text: the

text: burden

text: of

text: developing

text: the

text: Mac

text: OS

text: platform

question: What did Apple's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?

answer: confused potential buyers

text: confused potential buyers

question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 7 known as?

answer: Macintosh clones

text: Macintosh clones

question: What did the Macintosh clones provide for consumers?

answer: cheaper hardware

text: cheaper hardware

question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in increasing for Macintosh?

answer: market share

text: market share

question: Who did the Macintosh clones hurt financially?

answer: Apple

text: Apple


text: 1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. It is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the U.S. Nimitz-class carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: CATOBAR

text: carrier

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: is

text: a

text: tonne

text: nuclear

text: powered

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: commissioned

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: flagship

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Navy

text: Marine

text: Nationale

text: The

text: ship

text: carries

text: a

text: complement

text: of

text: Dassault

text: Breguet

text: Super

text: Étendard

text: Dassault

text: Rafale

text: M

text: and

text: Hawkeye

text: aircraft

text: Caracal

text: and

text: Cougar

text: helicopters

text: for

text: combat

text: search

text: and

text: rescue

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: modern

text: electronics

text: and

text: Aster

text: missiles

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: CATOBAR

text: type

text: carrier

text: that

text: uses

text: two

text: m

text: steam

text: catapults

text: of

text: a

text: shorter

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: catapult

text: system

text: installed

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Nimitz

text: class

text: carriers

text: one

text: catapult

text: at

text: the

text: bow

text: and

text: one

text: across

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: landing

text: area

question: What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?

answer: Charles de Gaulle

text: Charles de Gaulle

question: What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?

answer: the French Navy

text: the French Navy

question: What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?

answer: Aster

text: Aster

question: What is another name for the French Navy?

answer: Marine Nationale

text: Marine Nationale

question: What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle?

answer: CATOBAR

text: CATOBAR


text: Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Theravadin

text: Buddhists

text: believe

text: that

text: personal

text: effort

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: realize

text: rebirth

text: Monks

text: follow

text: the

text: vinaya

text: meditating

text: teaching

text: and

text: serving

text: their

text: lay

text: communities

text: Laypersons

text: can

text: perform

text: good

text: actions

text: producing

text: merit

question: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?

answer: Theravadin

text: Theravadin

question: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what?

answer: merit

text: merit


text: Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Critics

text: labelled

text: Gaddafi

text: despotic

text: cruel

text: arrogant

text: vain

text: and

text: stupid

text: with

text: western

text: governments

text: and

text: press

text: presenting

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: vicious

text: dictator

text: of

text: an

text: oppressed

text: people

text: During

text: the

text: Reagan

text: administration

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: regarded

text: him

text: as

text: Public

text: Enemy

text: No

text: and

text: Reagan

text: famously

text: dubbed

text: him

text: the

text: mad

text: dog

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: According

text: to

text: critics

text: the

text: Libyan

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: a

text: climate

text: of

text: fear

text: under

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: administration

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: government

text: 's

text: pervasive

text: surveillance

text: of

text: civilians

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: Libya

text: was

text: typically

text: described

text: by

text: western

text: commentators

text: as

text: a

text: police

text: state

text: Opponents

text: were

text: critical

text: of

text: Libya

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: according

text: to

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Watch

text: HRW

text: and

text: others

text: hundreds

text: of

text: arrested

text: political

text: opponents

text: often

text: failed

text: to

text: receive

text: a

text: fair

text: trial

text: and

text: were

text: sometimes

text: subjected

text: to

text: torture

text: or

text: extrajudicial

text: execution

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: Abu

text: Salim

text: prison

text: including

text: an

text: alleged

text: massacre

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: which

text: HRW

text: estimated

text: that

text: prisoners

text: were

text: massacred

text: Dissidents

text: abroad

text: or

text: stray

text: dogs

text: were

text: also

text: publicly

text: threatened

text: with

text: death

text: and

text: sometimes

text: killed

text: by

text: government

text: hit

text: squads

text: His

text: government

text: 's

text: treatment

text: of

text: non

text: Arab

text: Libyans

text: has

text: also

text: came

text: in

text: for

text: criticism

text: from

text: human

text: rights

text: activists

text: with

text: native

text: Berbers

text: Italians

text: Jews

text: refugees

text: and

text: foreign

text: workers

text: all

text: facing

text: persecution

text: in

text: Gaddafist

text: Libya

text: According

text: to

text: journalist

text: Annick

text: Cojean

text: and

text: psychologist

text: Seham

text: Sergewa

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: senior

text: officials

text: raped

text: and

text: imprisoned

text: hundreds

text: or

text: thousands

text: of

text: young

text: women

text: and

text: reportedly

text: raped

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: female

text: bodyguards

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: government

text: was

text: frequently

text: criticized

text: for

text: not

text: being

text: democratic

text: with

text: Freedom

text: House

text: consistently

text: giving

text: Libya

text: under

text: Gaddafi

text: the

text: Not

text: Free

text: ranking

text: for

text: civil

text: liberties

text: and

text: political

text: rights

question: What did Reagan call Gaddafi?

answer: mad dog of the Middle East

text: mad dog of the Middle East

question: According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996?

answer: 1,270

question: Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya?

answer: Not Free

text: Not Free

question: What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country?

answer: stray dogs

text: stray dogs

question: At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW?

answer: Abu Salim

text: Abu Salim


text: Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. Third, the Earth is at aphelion in July (i.e., the Earth is farthest from the Sun in the Antarctic winter), and the Earth is at perihelion in January (i.e., the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Antarctic summer). The orbital distance contributes to a colder Antarctic winter (and a warmer Antarctic summer) but the first two effects have more impact.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: colder

text: than

text: the

text: Arctic

text: for

text: three

text: reasons

text: First

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: m

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: temperature

text: decreases

text: with

text: elevation

text: in

text: the

text: troposphere

text: Second

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covers

text: the

text: north

text: polar

text: zone

text: the

text: ocean

text: 's

text: relative

text: warmth

text: is

text: transferred

text: through

text: the

text: icepack

text: and

text: prevents

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: Arctic

text: regions

text: from

text: reaching

text: the

text: extremes

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: surface

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: Third

text: the

text: Earth

text: is

text: at

text: aphelion

text: in

text: July

text: i.e.

text: the

text: Earth

text: is

text: farthest

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: winter

text: and

text: the

text: Earth

text: is

text: at

text: perihelion

text: in

text: January

text: i.e.

text: the

text: Earth

text: is

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: summer

text: The

text: orbital

text: distance

text: contributes

text: to

text: a

text: colder

text: Antarctic

text: winter

text: and

text: a

text: warmer

text: Antarctic

text: summer

text: but

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: effects

text: have

text: more

text: impact

question: Which of the the poles is colder?

answer: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

question: How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level?

answer: 3,000 m

text: 3,000 m

question: How does the Arctic Ocean warm the Arctic?

answer: warmth is transferred

text: warmth is transferred

question: What contributes to the Antarctic cold?

answer: orbital distance

text: orbital distance

question: What does temperature do with elevation?

answer: decreases

text: decreases


text: The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were "afraid of water". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as "barbarian", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: Manchus

text: sent

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: to

text: fight

text: against

text: Koxinga

text: 's

text: Ming

text: loyalists

text: in

text: Fujian

text: The

text: Qing

text: carried

text: out

text: a

text: massive

text: depopulation

text: policy

text: and

text: seaban

text: forcing

text: people

text: to

text: evacuated

text: the

text: coast

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: deprive

text: Koxinga

text: 's

text: Ming

text: loyalists

text: of

text: resources

text: this

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: myth

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: because

text: Manchus

text: were

text: afraid

text: of

text: water

text: In

text: Fujian

text: it

text: was

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: who

text: were

text: the

text: ones

text: carrying

text: out

text: the

text: fighting

text: and

text: killing

text: for

text: the

text: Qing

text: and

text: this

text: disproved

text: the

text: entirely

text: irrelevant

text: claim

text: that

text: alleged

text: fear

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Manchus

text: had

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: coastal

text: evacuation

text: and

text: seaban

text: Even

text: though

text: a

text: poem

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: soldiers

text: carrying

text: out

text: massacres

text: in

text: Fujian

text: as

text: barbarian

text: both

text: Han

text: Green

text: Standard

text: Army

text: and

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: Qing

text: side

text: and

text: carried

text: out

text: the

text: worst

text: slaughter

text: Green

text: Standard

text: Army

text: soldiers

text: were

text: used

text: against

text: the

text: Three

text: Feudatories

text: besides

text: Bannermen

question: Who did the Manchus send to battle Koxinga's troops?

answer: Han Bannermen

text: Han Bannermen

question: Where did the fight between Ming loyalists and Manchus occur?

answer: Fujian

text: Fujian

question: What were the Manchus accused of being afraid of?

answer: water

text: water


text: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home and on the road. Before Sloan Park opened in 2014, the team played games at HoHoKam Park - Dwight Patterson Field from 1979. "HoHoKam" is literally translated from Native American as "those who vanished." The North Siders have called Mesa their spring home for most seasons since 1952.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: Cubs

text: current

text: spring

text: training

text: facility

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Sloan

text: Park

text: in

text: |Mesa

text: Arizona

text: where

text: they

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Cactus

text: League

text: The

text: park

text: seats

text: making

text: it

text: Major

text: League

text: baseball

text: 's

text: largest

text: spring

text: training

text: facility

text: by

text: capacity

text: The

text: Cubs

text: annually

text: sell

text: out

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: games

text: both

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: Before

text: Sloan

text: Park

text: opened

text: in

text: the

text: team

text: played

text: games

text: at

text: HoHoKam

text: Park

text: Dwight

text: Patterson

text: Field

text: from

text: HoHoKam

text: is

text: literally

text: translated

text: from

text: Native

text: American

text: as

text: those

text: who

text: vanished

text: The

text: North

text: Siders

text: have

text: called

text: Mesa

text: their

text: spring

text: home

text: for

text: most

text: seasons

text: since

question: Where is the Cubs' current spring  training facility located?

answer: Sloan Park

text: Sloan Park

question: How many seats are in the Cubs' Sloan Park training facility?

answer: 15,000

question: When did Sloan Park open?

answer: 2014


text: In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by refugee ships such as the SS Walnut. On 12 January 1949, the Soviet Council of Ministers issued a decree "on the expulsion and deportation" from Baltic states of "all kulaks and their families, the families of bandits and nationalists", and others.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: In

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: being

text: re

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Estonians

text: including

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: education

text: culture

text: science

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: specialists

text: chose

text: to

text: either

text: retreat

text: with

text: the

text: Germans

text: or

text: flee

text: to

text: Finland

text: or

text: Sweden

text: where

text: they

text: sought

text: refuge

text: in

text: other

text: western

text: countries

text: often

text: by

text: refugee

text: ships

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: SS

text: Walnut

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: issued

text: a

text: decree

text: on

text: the

text: expulsion

text: and

text: deportation

text: from

text: Baltic

text: states

text: of

text: all

text: kulaks

text: and

text: their

text: families

text: the

text: families

text: of

text: bandits

text: and

text: nationalists

text: and

text: others

question: How many Estonians chose to retreat or flee when in anticipation of another Soviet invasion?

answer: tens of thousands

text: tens of thousands

question: Which countries did most Estonians desire to flee to?

answer: Finland or Sweden

text: Finland or Sweden

question: What was the name of the refugee ship that Estonians boarded?

answer: the SS Walnut

text: the SS Walnut

question: What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians?

answer: 12 January 1949

text: 12 January 1949


text: The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications. Much of the initial reaction was hostile, but Darwin had to be taken seriously as a prominent and respected name in science. There was much less controversy than had greeted the 1844 publication Vestiges of Creation, which had been rejected by scientists, but had influenced a wide public readership into believing that nature and human society were governed by natural laws. The Origin of Species as a book of wide general interest became associated with ideas of social reform. Its proponents made full use of a surge in the publication of review journals, and it was given more popular attention than almost any other scientific work, though it failed to match the continuing sales of Vestiges. Darwin's book legitimised scientific discussion of evolutionary mechanisms, and the newly coined term Darwinism was used to cover the whole range of evolutionism, not just his own ideas. By the mid-1870s, evolutionism was triumphant.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: The

text: book

text: aroused

text: international

text: interest

text: and

text: a

text: widespread

text: debate

text: with

text: no

text: sharp

text: line

text: between

text: scientific

text: issues

text: and

text: ideological

text: social

text: and

text: religious

text: implications

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: initial

text: reaction

text: was

text: hostile

text: but

text: Darwin

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: seriously

text: as

text: a

text: prominent

text: and

text: respected

text: name

text: in

text: science

text: There

text: was

text: much

text: less

text: controversy

text: than

text: had

text: greeted

text: the

text: publication

text: Vestiges

text: of

text: Creation

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: rejected

text: by

text: scientists

text: but

text: had

text: influenced

text: a

text: wide

text: public

text: readership

text: into

text: believing

text: that

text: nature

text: and

text: human

text: society

text: were

text: governed

text: by

text: natural

text: laws

text: The

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: as

text: a

text: book

text: of

text: wide

text: general

text: interest

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: ideas

text: of

text: social

text: reform

text: Its

text: proponents

text: made

text: full

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: surge

text: in

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: review

text: journals

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: given

text: more

text: popular

text: attention

text: than

text: almost

text: any

text: other

text: scientific

text: work

text: though

text: it

text: failed

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: continuing

text: sales

text: of

text: Vestiges

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: legitimised

text: scientific

text: discussion

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: mechanisms

text: and

text: the

text: newly

text: coined

text: term

text: Darwinism

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: cover

text: the

text: whole

text: range

text: of

text: evolutionism

text: not

text: just

text: his

text: own

text: ideas

text: By

text: the

text: evolutionism

text: was

text: triumphant

question: Why did On the Origin of Species likely raise so much interest and debate?

answer: no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications

text: no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications

question: Why was the book taken seriously even though much of the response was hostile?

answer: Darwin had to be taken seriously as a prominent and respected name in science

text: Darwin had to be taken seriously as a prominent and respected name in science

question: What field of ideas latched onto On the Origin of Species when it became a widespread success?

answer: social reform

text: social reform

question: What did Darwin's book do for the field of scientific study of evolution?

answer: Darwin's book legitimised scientific discussion of evolutionary mechanisms

text: Darwin's book legitimised scientific discussion of evolutionary mechanisms

question: What was the term used to not only describe Darwin's theories, but the whole spectrum of evolution-ism after his book met with success?

answer: Darwinism

text: Darwinism


text: Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involvement with non-Orthodox Jews that extends beyond "outreach (Kiruv)" to continued institutional relations and cooperation; see further under Torah Umadda. Other "core beliefs" are a recognition of the value and importance of secular studies, a commitment to equality of education for both men and women, and a full acceptance of the importance of being able to financially support oneself and one's family.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: as

text: a

text: stream

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: represented

text: by

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: National

text: Council

text: for

text: Young

text: Israel

text: is

text: pro

text: Zionist

text: and

text: thus

text: places

text: a

text: high

text: national

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: religious

text: significance

text: on

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: and

text: its

text: affiliates

text: are

text: typically

text: Zionist

text: in

text: orientation

text: It

text: also

text: practices

text: involvement

text: with

text: non

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: that

text: extends

text: beyond

text: outreach

text: Kiruv

text: to

text: continued

text: institutional

text: relations

text: and

text: cooperation

text: see

text: further

text: under

text: Torah

text: Umadda

text: Other

text: core

text: beliefs

text: are

text: a

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: value

text: and

text: importance

text: of

text: secular

text: studies

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: equality

text: of

text: education

text: for

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: and

text: a

text: full

text: acceptance

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: financially

text: support

text: oneself

text: and

text: one

text: 's

text: family

question: What does the US national council for Young Isreal represent?

answer: Modern Orthodoxy

text: Modern Orthodoxy

question: What is involvement with non-orthodox Jews known as?

answer: "outreach (Kiruv)"

text: "outreach (Kiruv)"

question: What is a core beliefe that was recognized as important by orthodox Jews?

answer: secular studies

text: secular studies

question: what is it important for both men and women orthodox jews to be able to do?

answer: support oneself

text: support oneself


text: In recent years, there has been a rise of indigenous movements in the Americas (mainly South America). These are rights-driven groups that organize themselves in order to achieve some sort of self-determination and the preservation of their culture for their peoples. Organizations like the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin and the Indian Council of South America are examples of movements that are breaking the barrier of borders in order to obtain rights for Amazonian indigenous populations everywhere. Similar movements for indigenous rights can also be seen in Canada and the United States, with movements like the International Indian Treaty Council and the accession of native Indian group into the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: rise

text: of

text: indigenous

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: mainly

text: South

text: America

text: These

text: are

text: rights

text: driven

text: groups

text: that

text: organize

text: themselves

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: achieve

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: self

text: determination

text: and

text: the

text: preservation

text: of

text: their

text: culture

text: for

text: their

text: peoples

text: Organizations

text: like

text: the

text: Coordinator

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: Organizations

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: Basin

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Council

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: movements

text: that

text: are

text: breaking

text: the

text: barrier

text: of

text: borders

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: obtain

text: rights

text: for

text: Amazonian

text: indigenous

text: populations

text: everywhere

text: Similar

text: movements

text: for

text: indigenous

text: rights

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: movements

text: like

text: the

text: International

text: Indian

text: Treaty

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: native

text: Indian

text: group

text: into

text: the

text: Unrepresented

text: Nations

text: and

text: Peoples

text: Organization

question: Where has there been a rise of indigenous movements in recent years?

answer: the Americas (mainly South America)

text: the Americas (mainly South America)

question: What do the organizing groups hope to obtain for themselves?

answer: preservation of their culture

text: preservation of their culture

question: What is an example of a movement which is working to obtain rights for Amazonian populations everywhere?

answer: Indian Council of South America

text: Indian Council of South America

question: Where can similar movements for indigenous rights be seen?

answer: Canada and the United States,

text: Canada and the United States,


text: According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chinese between commoners and people with inferior status. They were divided into two categories: one of them, the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people. The majority of the population belonged to the first category and were described as liangmin, a legal term meaning good people, as opposed to jianmin meaning the mean (or ignoble) people. Qing law explicitly stated that the traditional four occupational groups of scholars, farmers, artisans and merchants were "good", or having a status of commoners. On the other hand, slaves or bondservants, entertainers (including prostitutes and actors), and those low-level employees of government officials were the "mean people". Mean people were considered legally inferior to commoners and suffered unequal treatments, forbidden to take the imperial examination.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: According

text: to

text: statute

text: Qing

text: society

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: relatively

text: closed

text: estates

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: most

text: general

text: terms

text: there

text: were

text: five

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: estates

text: of

text: the

text: officials

text: the

text: comparatively

text: minuscule

text: aristocracy

text: and

text: the

text: degree

text: holding

text: literati

text: there

text: also

text: existed

text: a

text: major

text: division

text: among

text: ordinary

text: Chinese

text: between

text: commoners

text: and

text: people

text: with

text: inferior

text: status

text: They

text: were

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: categories

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: the

text: good

text: commoner

text: people

text: the

text: other

text: mean

text: people

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: category

text: and

text: were

text: described

text: as

text: liangmin

text: a

text: legal

text: term

text: meaning

text: good

text: people

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: jianmin

text: meaning

text: the

text: mean

text: or

text: ignoble

text: people

text: Qing

text: law

text: explicitly

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: traditional

text: four

text: occupational

text: groups

text: of

text: scholars

text: farmers

text: artisans

text: and

text: merchants

text: were

text: good

text: or

text: having

text: a

text: status

text: of

text: commoners

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: slaves

text: or

text: bondservants

text: entertainers

text: including

text: prostitutes

text: and

text: actors

text: and

text: those

text: low

text: level

text: employees

text: of

text: government

text: officials

text: were

text: the

text: mean

text: people

text: Mean

text: people

text: were

text: considered

text: legally

text: inferior

text: to

text: commoners

text: and

text: suffered

text: unequal

text: treatments

text: forbidden

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: imperial

text: examination

question: How many estates were there in Qing society?

answer: five

text: five

question: What 2 groups were normal Chinese broken into?

answer: the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people

text: the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people

question: What was the legal term for commoner?

answer: liangmin

text: liangmin


text: The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: The

text: so

text: called

text: Sack

text: of

text: Palermo

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: visible

text: faces

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: speculative

text: building

text: practices

text: that

text: have

text: filled

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: poor

text: buildings

text: The

text: reduced

text: importance

text: of

text: agriculture

text: in

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: economy

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: massive

text: migration

text: to

text: the

text: cities

text: especially

text: Palermo

text: which

text: swelled

text: in

text: size

text: leading

text: to

text: rapid

text: expansion

text: towards

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: regulatory

text: plans

text: for

text: expansion

text: was

text: largely

text: ignored

text: in

text: the

text: boom

text: New

text: parts

text: of

text: town

text: appeared

text: almost

text: out

text: of

text: nowhere

text: but

text: without

text: parks

text: schools

text: public

text: buildings

text: proper

text: roads

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: amenities

text: that

text: characterise

text: a

text: modern

text: city

question: To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?

answer: speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings

text: speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings

question: Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?

answer: reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities

text: reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities

question: What did Palermo expansion lack?

answer: t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city

text: t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city


text: Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: "We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully.". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists." Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Police said "the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet." At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Up

text: to

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: protesters

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: attend

text: the

text: relay

text: along

text: with

text: between

text: and

text: Chinese

text: supporters

text: Taking

text: note

text: of

text: the

text: high

text: number

text: of

text: Chinese

text: supporters

text: Ted

text: Quinlan

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Canberra

text: torch

text: relay

text: committee

text: said

text: We

text: did

text: n't

text: expect

text: this

text: reaction

text: from

text: the

text: Chinese

text: community

text: It

text: is

text: obviously

text: a

text: well

text: coordinated

text: plan

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: day

text: by

text: weight

text: of

text: numbers

text: But

text: we

text: have

text: assurances

text: that

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: done

text: peacefully

text: Also

text: Australia

text: 's

text: ACT

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: Jon

text: Stanhope

text: confirmed

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: embassy

text: was

text: closely

text: involve

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: pro

text: China

text: demonstrators

text: vastly

text: outnumbered

text: Tibetan

text: activists

text: Australian

text: freestyle

text: swimmer

text: and

text: five

text: time

text: Olympic

text: gold

text: medalist

text: Ian

text: Thorpe

text: ended

text: the

text: Australian

text: leg

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: April

text: touching

text: the

text: flame

text: to

text: light

text: a

text: cauldron

text: after

text: a

text: run

text: that

text: was

text: only

text: marginally

text: marked

text: by

text: protests

text: People

text: demonstrated

text: both

text: for

text: China

text: and

text: for

text: Tibet

text: At

text: least

text: five

text: people

text: were

text: arrested

text: during

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: Police

text: said

text: the

text: five

text: were

text: arrested

text: for

text: interfering

text: with

text: the

text: event

text: under

text: special

text: powers

text: enacted

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: massive

text: protests

text: against

text: Chinese

text: policy

text: toward

text: Tibet

text: At

text: one

text: point

text: groups

text: of

text: Chinese

text: students

text: surrounded

text: and

text: intimidated

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: protesters

text: One

text: person

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: pulled

text: aboard

text: a

text: police

text: launch

text: when

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: pro

text: Chinese

text: students

text: looked

text: like

text: they

text: might

text: force

text: him

text: into

text: the

text: lake

question: Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee?

answer: Ted Quinlan

text: Ted Quinlan

question: How many supporters of Tibet were expected in Canberra to protest?

answer: 600

question: ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that China supporters outweighed Tibet supporters?

answer: the Chinese embassy

text: the Chinese embassy

question: Which athlete carried the torch for the final leg?

answer: Ian Thorpe

text: Ian Thorpe

question: How many supporters of Tibet were expected to attend the torch relay?

answer: Up to 600

text: Up to 600

question: It was thought that how many Chinese supporters would attend the torch relay?

answer: between 2,000 and 10,000

text: between 2,000 and 10,000

question: Who did not expect that reaction from the Chinese community?

answer: Ted Quinlan

text: Ted Quinlan

question: Who was involved to ensure the pro Chinese demonstrators outweighed the Tibetan demonstrators?

answer: the Chinese embassy

text: the Chinese embassy


text: Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: modern

text: black

text: population

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: demographic

text: group

text: Although

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: residents

text: born

text: in

text: Africa

text: is

text: very

text: small

text: it

text: has

text: tripled

text: between

text: and

text: this

text: group

text: also

text: includes

text: non

text: blacks

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: blacks

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: can

text: be

text: termed

text: Bermudian

text: blacks

text: whose

text: ancestry

text: dates

text: back

text: centuries

text: between

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: slavery

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: black

text: population

text: was

text: self

text: sustaining

text: with

text: its

text: growth

text: resulting

text: largely

text: from

text: natural

text: expansion

text: This

text: contrasts

text: to

text: the

text: enslaved

text: blacks

text: of

text: the

text: plantation

text: colonies

text: who

text: were

text: subjected

text: to

text: conditions

text: so

text: harsh

text: as

text: to

text: drop

text: their

text: birth

text: rate

text: below

text: the

text: death

text: rate

text: and

text: slaveholders

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: found

text: it

text: necessary

text: to

text: continue

text: importing

text: more

text: enslaved

text: blacks

text: from

text: Africa

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: slavery

text: the

text: same

text: had

text: been

text: true

text: for

text: the

text: Native

text: Americans

text: that

text: the

text: Africans

text: had

text: replaced

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: plantations

text: The

text: indigenous

text: populations

text: of

text: many

text: West

text: Indian

text: islands

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: had

text: survived

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: epidemics

text: of

text: European

text: introduced

text: diseases

text: then

text: became

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: slave

text: raiding

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: completely

text: depopulated

text: When

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: indigenous

text: slaves

text: ran

text: out

text: the

text: slaveholders

text: looked

text: to

text: Africa

text: The

text: ancestry

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: black

text: population

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: West

text: Indian

text: black

text: population

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: firstly

text: the

text: higher

text: degree

text: of

text: European

text: and

text: Native

text: American

text: admixture

text: secondly

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: ancestry

question: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?

answer: Bermudian blacks

text: Bermudian blacks

question: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa?

answer: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate

text: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate

question: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda?

answer: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion

text: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion

question: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population?

answer: the source of the African ancestry

text: the source of the African ancestry


text: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Qur'an

text: relates

text: detailed

text: narrative

text: accounts

text: of

text: Maryam

text: Mary

text: in

text: two

text: places

text: Qur'an

text: and

text: These

text: state

text: beliefs

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: and

text: the

text: Virgin

text: birth

text: of

text: Jesus

text: The

text: account

text: given

text: in

text: Sura

text: is

text: nearly

text: identical

text: with

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: Gospel

text: according

text: to

text: Luke

text: and

text: both

text: of

text: these

text: Luke

text: Sura

text: begin

text: with

text: an

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: visitation

text: of

text: an

text: angel

text: upon

text: Zakariya

text: Zecharias

text: and

text: Good

text: News

text: of

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Yahya

text: John

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: annunciation

text: It

text: mentions

text: how

text: Mary

text: was

text: informed

text: by

text: an

text: angel

text: that

text: she

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Jesus

text: through

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: God

text: alone

question: By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an?

answer: Maryam

text: Maryam

question: Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya?

answer: 19

question: In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary?

answer: two

text: two

question: Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an?

answer: Luke

text: Luke

question: Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an?

answer: Zakariya

text: Zakariya


text: Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Some

text: agriculturalists

text: also

text: regularly

text: hunt

text: and

text: gather

text: e.g.

text: farming

text: during

text: the

text: frost

text: free

text: season

text: and

text: hunting

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: Still

text: others

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: go

text: hunting

text: primarily

text: for

text: leisure

text: In

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: rainforest

text: those

text: groups

text: that

text: recently

text: did

text: or

text: even

text: continue

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: hunting

text: and

text: gathering

text: techniques

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: adopted

text: this

text: lifestyle

text: abandoning

text: most

text: agriculture

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: escape

text: colonial

text: control

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: European

text: diseases

text: reducing

text: their

text: populations

text: to

text: levels

text: where

text: agriculture

text: became

text: difficult.[citation

text: needed][dubious

text: discuss

question: What do some agriculturalists often do?

answer: hunt and gather

text: hunt and gather

question: What do they sometimes do for entertainment?

answer: go hunting

text: go hunting

question: Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?

answer: to escape colonial control

text: to escape colonial control

question: Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have?

answer: agriculture became difficult

text: agriculture became difficult


text: Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and other stresses), its internal environment (e.g. cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status), and its specific role if in a multicellular organism. Gene expression can be regulated at any step: from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, to post-translational modification of the protein. The regulation of lactose metabolism genes in E. coli (lac operon) was the first such mechanism to be described in 1961.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Genes

text: are

text: regulated

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: expressed

text: only

text: when

text: the

text: product

text: is

text: needed

text: since

text: expression

text: draws

text: on

text: limited

text: A

text: cell

text: regulates

text: its

text: gene

text: expression

text: depending

text: on

text: its

text: external

text: environment

text: e.g.

text: available

text: nutrients

text: temperature

text: and

text: other

text: stresses

text: its

text: internal

text: environment

text: e.g.

text: cell

text: division

text: cycle

text: metabolism

text: infection

text: status

text: and

text: its

text: specific

text: role

text: if

text: in

text: a

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Gene

text: expression

text: can

text: be

text: regulated

text: at

text: any

text: step

text: from

text: transcriptional

text: initiation

text: to

text: RNA

text: processing

text: to

text: post

text: translational

text: modification

text: of

text: the

text: protein

text: The

text: regulation

text: of

text: lactose

text: metabolism

text: genes

text: in

text: E.

text: coli

text: lac

text: operon

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: such

text: mechanism

text: to

text: be

text: described

text: in

question: When are genes expressed?

answer: only when the product is needed

text: only when the product is needed

question: What are examples of a cell's external environment?

answer: available nutrients, temperature and other stresses

text: available nutrients, temperature and other stresses

question: What are examples of a cell's internal environment?

answer: cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status

text: cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status

question: At which step can gene expression be regulated?

answer: at any step

text: at any step

question: What example of post-translational modification of a protein was first described in 1961?

answer: The regulation of lactose metabolism genes in E. coli

text: The regulation of lactose metabolism genes in E. coli


text: The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates."

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: The

text: Constitution

text: does

text: not

text: explicitly

text: indicate

text: the

text: pre

text: eminence

text: of

text: any

text: particular

text: branch

text: of

text: government

text: However

text: James

text: Madison

text: wrote

text: in

text: Federalist

text: regarding

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: each

text: branch

text: to

text: defend

text: itself

text: from

text: actions

text: by

text: the

text: others

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: to

text: give

text: to

text: each

text: department

text: an

text: equal

text: power

text: of

text: self

text: defense

text: In

text: republican

text: government

text: the

text: legislative

text: authority

text: necessarily

text: predominates

question: Who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government?

answer: James Madison

text: James Madison

question: In which Federalist paper did James Madison state that the legislative branch of government was predominate?

answer: Federalist 51

text: Federalist 51