text: For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: For

text: nearly

text: years

text: Sanskrit

text: was

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: a

text: cultural

text: order

text: that

text: exerted

text: influence

text: across

text: South

text: Asia

text: Inner

text: Asia

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: certain

text: extent

text: East

text: Asia

text: A

text: significant

text: form

text: of

text: post

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: of

text: Indian

text: epic

text: poetry

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: and

text: Mahabharata

text: The

text: deviations

text: from

text: Pāṇini

text: in

text: the

text: epics

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: account

text: of

text: interference

text: from

text: Prakrits

text: or

text: innovations

text: and

text: not

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: pre

text: Paninian

text: Traditional

text: Sanskrit

text: scholars

text: call

text: such

text: deviations

text: ārṣa

text: आर्ष

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: ṛṣis

text: the

text: traditional

text: title

text: for

text: the

text: ancient

text: authors

text: In

text: some

text: contexts

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: more

text: prakritisms

text: borrowings

text: from

text: common

text: speech

text: than

text: in

text: Classical

text: Sanskrit

text: proper

text: Buddhist

text: Hybrid

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: a

text: literary

text: language

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Middle

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: based

text: on

text: early

text: Buddhist

text: Prakrit

text: texts

text: which

text: subsequently

text: assimilated

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: Sanskrit

text: standard

text: in

text: varying

text: degrees

question: What are two examples of epic poetry written in Sanskrit?

answer: the Ramayana and Mahabharata

text: the Ramayana and Mahabharata

question: What are prakritisms?

answer: borrowings from common speech

text: borrowings from common speech

question: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?

answer: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

text: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

question: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?

answer: 2000 years

text: 2000 years

question: What epic poems are written in post-Vedic Sanskrit?

answer: Ramayana and Mahabharata

text: Ramayana and Mahabharata

question: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?

answer: Indian epic poetry

text: Indian epic poetry

question: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?

answer: Prakrits

text: Prakrits

question: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?

answer: prakritisms

text: prakritisms


text: On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: On

text: October

text: Apple

text: reported

text: quarterly

text: revenue

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: of

text: which

text: came

text: from

text: Apple

text: notebook

text: sales

text: from

text: desktop

text: sales

text: and

text: from

text: iPod

text: sales

text: Apple

text: 's

text: year

text: revenue

text: increased

text: to

text: US$

text: billion

text: with

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: profits

text: Apple

text: ended

text: the

text: fiscal

text: year

text: with

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: cash

text: and

text: no

text: debt

question: What was Apple's revenue for Q3 2007?

answer: $6.22 billion

text: $6.22 billion

question: Desktop computers made up how much of Apple's revenue in the third quarter of 2007?

answer: 19.22%

question: How much money did Apple make in 2007?

answer: $3.5 billion

text: $3.5 billion

question: What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007?

answer: $15.4 billion

text: $15.4 billion

question: With the help of strong iPod sales, how much profit did they turn in 2007?

answer: $3.5 billion

text: $3.5 billion


text: London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: has

text: numerous

text: venues

text: for

text: rock

text: and

text: pop

text: concerts

text: including

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: arena

text: the

text: arena

text: and

text: other

text: large

text: arenas

text: such

text: as

text: Earls

text: Court

text: Wembley

text: Arena

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: mid

text: sized

text: venues

text: such

text: as

text: Brixton

text: Academy

text: the

text: Hammersmith

text: Apollo

text: and

text: the

text: Shepherd

text: 's

text: Bush

text: Empire

text: Several

text: music

text: festivals

text: including

text: the

text: Wireless

text: Festival

text: South

text: West

text: Four

text: Lovebox

text: and

text: Hyde

text: Park

text: 's

text: British

text: Summer

text: Time

text: are

text: all

text: held

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: original

text: Hard

text: Rock

text: Cafe

text: and

text: the

text: Abbey

text: Road

text: Studios

text: where

text: The

text: Beatles

text: recorded

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: hits

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: musicians

text: and

text: groups

text: like

text: Elton

text: John

text: Pink

text: Floyd

text: David

text: Bowie

text: Queen

text: The

text: Kinks

text: The

text: Rolling

text: Stones

text: The

text: Who

text: Eric

text: Clapton

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: The

text: Small

text: Faces

text: Iron

text: Maiden

text: Fleetwood

text: Mac

text: Elvis

text: Costello

text: Cat

text: Stevens

text: The

text: Police

text: The

text: Cure

text: Madness

text: The

text: Jam

text: Dusty

text: Springfield

text: Phil

text: Collins

text: Rod

text: Stewart

text: and

text: Sade

text: derived

text: their

text: sound

text: from

text: the

text: streets

text: and

text: rhythms

text: vibrating

text: through

text: London

question: What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in London?

answer: Hard Rock Cafe

text: Hard Rock Cafe

question: In which recording studio did the Beatles do much of their recording?

answer: Abbey Road Studios

text: Abbey Road Studios

question: What in part inspired the sounds of many British rock bands and singers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s?

answer: the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

text: the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

question: What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?

answer: Wembley Arena

text: Wembley Arena

question: Located in London, what is the busiest concert arena in the world?

answer: the o2 arena

text: the o2 arena


text: Western commentators post-9/11 often perceive madaris as places of radical revivalism with a connotation of anti-Americanism and radical extremism, frequently associated in the Western press with Wahhabi attitudes toward non-Muslims. In Arabic the word madrasa simply means "school" and does not imply a political or religious affiliation, radical or otherwise. Madaris have varied curricula, and are not all religious. Some madaris in India, for example, have a secularised identity. Although early madaris were founded primarily to gain "knowledge of God" they also taught subjects such as mathematics and poetry. For example, in the Ottoman Empire, "Madrasahs had seven categories of sciences that were taught, such as: styles of writing, oral sciences like the Arabic language, grammar, rhetoric, and history and intellectual sciences, such as logic." This is similar to the Western world, in which universities began as institutions of the Catholic church.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Western

text: commentators

text: often

text: perceive

text: madaris

text: as

text: places

text: of

text: radical

text: revivalism

text: with

text: a

text: connotation

text: of

text: anti

text: Americanism

text: and

text: radical

text: extremism

text: frequently

text: associated

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: press

text: with

text: Wahhabi

text: attitudes

text: toward

text: non

text: Muslims

text: In

text: Arabic

text: the

text: word

text: madrasa

text: simply

text: means

text: school

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: a

text: political

text: or

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: radical

text: or

text: otherwise

text: Madaris

text: have

text: varied

text: curricula

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: all

text: religious

text: Some

text: madaris

text: in

text: India

text: for

text: example

text: have

text: a

text: secularised

text: identity

text: Although

text: early

text: madaris

text: were

text: founded

text: primarily

text: to

text: gain

text: knowledge

text: of

text: God

text: they

text: also

text: taught

text: subjects

text: such

text: as

text: mathematics

text: and

text: poetry

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Madrasahs

text: had

text: seven

text: categories

text: of

text: sciences

text: that

text: were

text: taught

text: such

text: as

text: styles

text: of

text: writing

text: oral

text: sciences

text: like

text: the

text: Arabic

text: language

text: grammar

text: rhetoric

text: and

text: history

text: and

text: intellectual

text: sciences

text: such

text: as

text: logic

text: This

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: in

text: which

text: universities

text: began

text: as

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: church

question: What is the common western perception of the teaching received at madaris?

answer: anti-Americanism and radical extremism

text: anti-Americanism and radical extremism

question: What type of content is delivered at madaris?

answer: varied curricula

text: varied curricula

question: What type of teaching is provided at Indian madaris?

answer: secularised

text: secularised

question: What are the origins of western schools?

answer: institutions of the Catholic church

text: institutions of the Catholic church

question: How many science disciplines were taught at madaris in the Ottoman Empire?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi, (as opposed to being so named by others) and, at least those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic. There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system, according to which Muslims were explicitly awarded senior status and preferential treatment. These Greeks either emigrated, particularly to their fellow Greek Orthodox protector, the Russian Empire, or simply converted to Islam, often only very superficially and whilst remaining crypto-Christian. The most notable examples of large-scale conversion to Turkish Islam among those today defined as Greek Muslims - excluding those who had to convert as a matter of course on being recruited through the devshirme - were to be found in Crete (Cretan Turks), Greek Macedonia (for example among the Vallahades of western Macedonia), and among Pontic Greeks in the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands. Several Ottoman sultans and princes were also of part Greek origin, with mothers who were either Greek concubines or princesses from Byzantine noble families, one famous example being sultan Selim the Grim, whose mother Gülbahar Hatun was a Pontic Greek.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: For

text: those

text: that

text: remained

text: under

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: millet

text: system

text: religion

text: was

text: the

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: of

text: national

text: groups

text: milletler

text: so

text: the

text: exonym

text: Greeks

text: Rumlar

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: Rhomaioi

text: was

text: applied

text: by

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: to

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: language

text: or

text: ethnic

text: origin

text: The

text: Greek

text: speakers

text: were

text: the

text: only

text: ethnic

text: group

text: to

text: actually

text: call

text: themselves

text: Romioi

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: being

text: so

text: named

text: by

text: others

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: those

text: educated

text: considered

text: their

text: ethnicity

text: genos

text: to

text: be

text: Hellenic

text: There

text: were

text: however

text: many

text: Greeks

text: who

text: escaped

text: the

text: second

text: class

text: status

text: of

text: Christians

text: inherent

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: millet

text: system

text: according

text: to

text: which

text: Muslims

text: were

text: explicitly

text: awarded

text: senior

text: status

text: and

text: preferential

text: treatment

text: These

text: Greeks

text: either

text: emigrated

text: particularly

text: to

text: their

text: fellow

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: protector

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: or

text: simply

text: converted

text: to

text: Islam

text: often

text: only

text: very

text: superficially

text: and

text: whilst

text: remaining

text: crypto

text: Christian

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: examples

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: conversion

text: to

text: Turkish

text: Islam

text: among

text: those

text: today

text: defined

text: as

text: Greek

text: Muslims

text: excluding

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: to

text: convert

text: as

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: course

text: on

text: being

text: recruited

text: through

text: the

text: devshirme

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Crete

text: Cretan

text: Turks

text: Greek

text: Macedonia

text: for

text: example

text: among

text: the

text: Vallahades

text: of

text: western

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: among

text: Pontic

text: Greeks

text: in

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Alps

text: and

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: Several

text: Ottoman

text: sultans

text: and

text: princes

text: were

text: also

text: of

text: part

text: Greek

text: origin

text: with

text: mothers

text: who

text: were

text: either

text: Greek

text: concubines

text: or

text: princesses

text: from

text: Byzantine

text: noble

text: families

text: one

text: famous

text: example

text: being

text: sultan

text: Selim

text: the

text: Grim

text: whose

text: mother

text: Gülbahar

text: Hatun

text: was

text: a

text: Pontic

text: Greek

question: How were the population factions of the Ottoman Empire classified ?

answer: religion was the defining characteristic of national groups

text: religion was the defining characteristic of national groups

question: What did it mean to be classified as a Greek by the millet command ?

answer: was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin.

text: was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin.

question: What moniker did the Greeks grant themselves for distinction ?

answer: The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi

text: The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi

question: What did the literate segment of Greeks consider to be a part of their ethic lines ?

answer: those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic

text: those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic

question: Were Christian prized among the Ottomans ?

answer: second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system

text: second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system


text: The theoretical difficulties arise from the fact that all of the methods except the X-ray crystal density method rely on the theoretical basis of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. If these theories are slightly inaccurate – though there is no evidence at present to suggest they are – the methods would not give accurate values for the Planck constant. More importantly, the values of the Planck constant obtained in this way cannot be used as tests of the theories without falling into a circular argument. Fortunately, there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: The

text: theoretical

text: difficulties

text: arise

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: methods

text: except

text: the

text: X

text: ray

text: crystal

text: density

text: method

text: rely

text: on

text: the

text: theoretical

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: Josephson

text: effect

text: and

text: the

text: quantum

text: Hall

text: effect

text: If

text: these

text: theories

text: are

text: slightly

text: inaccurate

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: at

text: present

text: to

text: suggest

text: they

text: are

text: the

text: methods

text: would

text: not

text: give

text: accurate

text: values

text: for

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: More

text: importantly

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: obtained

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: tests

text: of

text: the

text: theories

text: without

text: falling

text: into

text: a

text: circular

text: argument

text: Fortunately

text: there

text: are

text: other

text: statistical

text: ways

text: of

text: testing

text: the

text: theories

text: and

text: the

text: theories

text: have

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: refuted

question: Other than the X-ray crystal density method, other methods rely on what two effects?

answer: the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect

text: the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect

question: Why does relying on these effects create concern?

answer: If these theories are slightly inaccurate

text: If these theories are slightly inaccurate

question: Using Planck constant values from these effects would lead to what logical issue?

answer: a circular argument

text: a circular argument

question: What is the saving grace of relying on these theories?

answer: there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.

text: there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.


text: In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: In

text: towns

text: which

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: landowners

text: turned

text: into

text: property

text: developers

text: and

text: rows

text: of

text: identical

text: terraced

text: houses

text: became

text: the

text: norm

text: Even

text: the

text: wealthy

text: were

text: persuaded

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: these

text: in

text: town

text: especially

text: if

text: provided

text: with

text: a

text: square

text: of

text: garden

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: There

text: was

text: an

text: enormous

text: amount

text: of

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: construction

text: were

text: generally

text: high

text: Where

text: they

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: demolished

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Georgian

text: buildings

text: have

text: survived

text: two

text: centuries

text: or

text: more

text: and

text: they

text: still

text: form

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: London

text: Edinburgh

text: Dublin

text: and

text: Bristol

question: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?

answer: property developers

text: property developers

question: Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today?

answer: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol

text: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol

question: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?

answer: a square of garden

text: a square of garden

question: What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture?

answer: all over the English-speaking world

text: all over the English-speaking world

question: What quality were the buildings constructed during that time?

answer: generally high

text: generally high


text: Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) above sea level. The only major areas of lower land are in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys, which form the Amu Darya. Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Tajikistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: nation

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: by

text: area

text: It

text: lies

text: mostly

text: between

text: latitudes

text: and

text: N

text: a

text: small

text: area

text: is

text: north

text: of

text: and

text: longitudes

text: and

text: E

text: a

text: small

text: area

text: is

text: east

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: mountains

text: of

text: the

text: Pamir

text: range

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: fifty

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: over

text: meters

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: only

text: major

text: areas

text: of

text: lower

text: land

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Fergana

text: Valley

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: Kofarnihon

text: and

text: Vakhsh

text: river

text: valleys

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: Dushanbe

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: slopes

text: above

text: the

text: Kofarnihon

text: valley

question: What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area?

answer: Tajikistan

text: Tajikistan

question: What mountian range runs through Tajikistan?

answer: the Pamir range

text: the Pamir range

question: Where is Dushanbe located?

answer: on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley

text: on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley

question: Where exactly is Tajikistan?

answer: between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)

text: between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)

question: What area is under sea level?

answer: in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys

text: in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys


text: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed]

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: Although

text: the

text: Estonian

text: and

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: are

text: of

text: very

text: different

text: origins

text: one

text: can

text: identify

text: many

text: similar

text: words

text: in

text: Estonian

text: and

text: English

text: for

text: example

text: This

text: is

text: primarily

text: because

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: has

text: borrowed

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: its

text: vocabulary

text: from

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: mainly

text: from

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: Middle

text: Low

text: German

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: German

text: rule

text: and

text: High

text: German

text: including

text: standard

text: German

text: The

text: percentage

text: of

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: and

text: High

text: German

text: loanwords

text: can

text: be

text: estimated

text: at

text: percent

text: with

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: making

text: up

text: about

text: percent.[citation

text: needed

question: Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?

answer: Germanic languages

text: Germanic languages

question: What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?

answer: Low Saxon

text: Low Saxon

question: When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?

answer: during the period of German rule

text: during the period of German rule

question: From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?

answer: High German

text: High German

question: Standard German is part of what Germanic language?

answer: High German

text: High German


text: The radio signal's electrical component induces a voltage in the conductor. This causes an electrical current to begin flowing in the direction of the signal's instantaneous field. When the resulting current reaches the end of the conductor, it reflects, which is equivalent to a 180 degree change in phase. If the conductor is 1⁄4 of a wavelength long, current from the feed point will undergo 90 degree phase change by the time it reaches the end of the conductor, reflect through 180 degrees, and then another 90 degrees as it travels back. That means it has undergone a total 360 degree phase change, returning it to the original signal. The current in the element thus adds to the current being created from the source at that instant. This process creates a standing wave in the conductor, with the maximum current at the feed.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: radio

text: signal

text: 's

text: electrical

text: component

text: induces

text: a

text: voltage

text: in

text: the

text: conductor

text: This

text: causes

text: an

text: electrical

text: current

text: to

text: begin

text: flowing

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: signal

text: 's

text: instantaneous

text: field

text: When

text: the

text: resulting

text: current

text: reaches

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: conductor

text: it

text: reflects

text: which

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: degree

text: change

text: in

text: phase

text: If

text: the

text: conductor

text: is

text: of

text: a

text: wavelength

text: long

text: current

text: from

text: the

text: feed

text: point

text: will

text: undergo

text: degree

text: phase

text: change

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: reaches

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: conductor

text: reflect

text: through

text: degrees

text: and

text: then

text: another

text: degrees

text: as

text: it

text: travels

text: back

text: That

text: means

text: it

text: has

text: undergone

text: a

text: total

text: degree

text: phase

text: change

text: returning

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: signal

text: The

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: element

text: thus

text: adds

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: being

text: created

text: from

text: the

text: source

text: at

text: that

text: instant

text: This

text: process

text: creates

text: a

text: standing

text: wave

text: in

text: the

text: conductor

text: with

text: the

text: maximum

text: current

text: at

text: the

text: feed

question: What part of the radio signal creates voltage?

answer: electrical component

text: electrical component

question: What would the electric current always gravitate to?

answer: instantaneous field

text: instantaneous field

question: What is the outcome when a curren is reflected>

answer: 180 degree change in phase

text: 180 degree change in phase

question: What amount of phase change would return a signal to its originial state?

answer: 360 degree

text: 360 degree


text: The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: signatures

text: of

text: the

text: parties

text: representatives

text: follow

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: end

text: When

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: a

text: treaty

text: is

text: later

text: reprinted

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: treaties

text: currently

text: in

text: effect

text: an

text: editor

text: will

text: often

text: append

text: the

text: dates

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: respective

text: parties

text: ratified

text: the

text: treaty

text: and

text: on

text: which

text: it

text: came

text: into

text: effect

text: for

text: each

text: party

question: Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty?

answer: the parties' representatives

text: the parties' representatives

question: Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted?

answer: in a collection of treaties currently in effect

text: in a collection of treaties currently in effect

question: Who, upon reprinting, will often append the dates on which the treaty was ratified and came into effect?

answer: an editor

text: an editor

question: Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect?

answer: ratified the treaty

text: ratified the treaty

question: Even if signed  and ratified on the same date, the treaty might have done what on different dates?

answer: came into effect

text: came into effect


text: Several other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used in some applications instead of rechargeable batteries. Alternating current capacitors are specifically designed to work on line (mains) voltage AC power circuits. They are commonly used in electric motor circuits and are often designed to handle large currents, so they tend to be physically large. They are usually ruggedly packaged, often in metal cases that can be easily grounded/earthed. They also are designed with direct current breakdown voltages of at least five times the maximum AC voltage.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Several

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: capacitor

text: are

text: available

text: for

text: specialist

text: applications

text: Supercapacitors

text: store

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: energy

text: Supercapacitors

text: made

text: from

text: carbon

text: aerogel

text: carbon

text: nanotubes

text: or

text: highly

text: porous

text: electrode

text: materials

text: offer

text: extremely

text: high

text: capacitance

text: up

text: to

text: kF

text: as

text: of

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: applications

text: instead

text: of

text: rechargeable

text: batteries

text: Alternating

text: current

text: capacitors

text: are

text: specifically

text: designed

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: line

text: mains

text: voltage

text: AC

text: power

text: circuits

text: They

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: electric

text: motor

text: circuits

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: designed

text: to

text: handle

text: large

text: currents

text: so

text: they

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: physically

text: large

text: They

text: are

text: usually

text: ruggedly

text: packaged

text: often

text: in

text: metal

text: cases

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: easily

text: grounded

text: earthed

text: They

text: also

text: are

text: designed

text: with

text: direct

text: current

text: breakdown

text: voltages

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: five

text: times

text: the

text: maximum

text: AC

text: voltage

question: What is the main feature of a supercapacitor?

answer: Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy

text: Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy

question: What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may be constructed?

answer: carbon nanotubes

text: carbon nanotubes

question: As of 2010, what is the highest capacitance a supercapacitor has achieved?

answer: up to 5 kF

text: up to 5 kF

question: What type of capacitor is commonly used in electric motor circuits?

answer: Alternating current capacitors

text: Alternating current capacitors

question: How many times the maximum AC voltage are AC capacitors designed to withstand?

answer: at least five times the maximum AC voltage

text: at least five times the maximum AC voltage


text: John Keate, Head Master from 1809 to 1834, took over at a time when discipline was poor. Anthony Chenevix-Trench, Head Master from 1964 to 1970, abolished the birch and replaced it with caning, also applied to the bare posterior, which he administered privately in his office. Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal punishment administered by senior boys. Previously, House Captains were permitted to cane miscreants over the seat of the trousers. This was a routine occurrence, carried out privately with the boy bending over with his head under the edge of a table. Less common but more severe were the canings administered by Pop (see Eton Society below) in the form of a "Pop-Tanning", in which a large number of hard strokes were inflicted by the President of Pop in the presence of all Pop members (or, in earlier times, each member of Pop took it in turns to inflict a stroke). The culprit was summoned to appear in a pair of old trousers, as the caning would cut the cloth to shreds. This was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: John

text: Keate

text: Head

text: Master

text: from

text: to

text: took

text: over

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: discipline

text: was

text: poor

text: Anthony

text: Chenevix

text: Trench

text: Head

text: Master

text: from

text: to

text: abolished

text: the

text: birch

text: and

text: replaced

text: it

text: with

text: caning

text: also

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: bare

text: posterior

text: which

text: he

text: administered

text: privately

text: in

text: his

text: office

text: Chenevix

text: Trench

text: also

text: abolished

text: corporal

text: punishment

text: administered

text: by

text: senior

text: boys

text: Previously

text: House

text: Captains

text: were

text: permitted

text: to

text: cane

text: miscreants

text: over

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: trousers

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: routine

text: occurrence

text: carried

text: out

text: privately

text: with

text: the

text: boy

text: bending

text: over

text: with

text: his

text: head

text: under

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: a

text: table

text: Less

text: common

text: but

text: more

text: severe

text: were

text: the

text: canings

text: administered

text: by

text: Pop

text: see

text: Eton

text: Society

text: below

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: Pop

text: Tanning

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: hard

text: strokes

text: were

text: inflicted

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Pop

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: all

text: Pop

text: members

text: or

text: in

text: earlier

text: times

text: each

text: member

text: of

text: Pop

text: took

text: it

text: in

text: turns

text: to

text: inflict

text: a

text: stroke

text: The

text: culprit

text: was

text: summoned

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: old

text: trousers

text: as

text: the

text: caning

text: would

text: cut

text: the

text: cloth

text: to

text: shreds

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: severe

text: form

text: of

text: physical

text: punishment

text: at

text: Eton

question: The birch was abolished and replaced with what?

answer: caning

text: caning

question: What was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton referred to as?

answer: "Pop-Tanning"

text: "Pop-Tanning"

question: Why was a subject ordered to appear to Pop-Tanning in old trousers?

answer: the caning would cut the cloth to shreds

text: the caning would cut the cloth to shreds

question: Which Head Master abolished corporal punishment by peers?

answer: Chenevix-Trench

text: Chenevix-Trench

question: Who administered caning privately in his office?

answer: Anthony Chenevix-Trench

text: Anthony Chenevix-Trench


text: The Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more accurate description of sexual orientation than a dichotomous scale it is still difficult to determine which category individuals should be assigned to. In a major study comparing sexual response in homosexual males and females, Masters and Johnson discuss the difficulty of assigning the Kinsey ratings to participants. Particularly, they found it difficult to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale. They report finding it difficult to assign ratings 2-4 for individuals with a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences. When, there is a lot of heterosexual and homosexual experiences in one's history it becomes difficult for that individual to be fully objective in assessing the relative amount of each.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: The

text: Kinsey

text: scale

text: has

text: been

text: praised

text: for

text: dismissing

text: the

text: dichotomous

text: classification

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: and

text: allowing

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: perspective

text: on

text: human

text: sexuality

text: However

text: the

text: scale

text: has

text: been

text: criticized

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: not

text: a

text: true

text: continuum

text: Despite

text: seven

text: categories

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: more

text: accurate

text: description

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: than

text: a

text: dichotomous

text: scale

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: difficult

text: to

text: determine

text: which

text: category

text: individuals

text: should

text: be

text: assigned

text: to

text: In

text: a

text: major

text: study

text: comparing

text: sexual

text: response

text: in

text: homosexual

text: males

text: and

text: females

text: Masters

text: and

text: Johnson

text: discuss

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: assigning

text: the

text: Kinsey

text: ratings

text: to

text: participants

text: Particularly

text: they

text: found

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: relative

text: amount

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: experience

text: and

text: response

text: in

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: history

text: when

text: using

text: the

text: scale

text: They

text: report

text: finding

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: assign

text: ratings

text: for

text: individuals

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: experiences

text: When

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: experiences

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: history

text: it

text: becomes

text: difficult

text: for

text: that

text: individual

text: to

text: be

text: fully

text: objective

text: in

text: assessing

text: the

text: relative

text: amount

text: of

text: each

question: What has the KInsey scaled been praised for?

answer: dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality.

text: dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality.

question: What has the Kinsey scale been critisized for?

answer: because it is still not a true continuum

text: because it is still not a true continuum

question: How many categories are used in the KInsey scale?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings?

answer: to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale

text: to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale

question: What in somebodys past caused problems for the Kinsey scale?

answer: a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences

text: a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences


text: At certain times of the year, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: At

text: certain

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: and

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: may

text: all

text: visit

text: Southampton

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: in

text: an

text: event

text: commonly

text: called

text: Arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Queens

question: What does Southampton call the event when three ships named after queens all visit the city?

answer: Arrival of the Three Queens

text: Arrival of the Three Queens

question: Which of the "Three Queens" has a number in its name?

answer: Queen Mary 2

text: Queen Mary 2

question: Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'?

answer: Queen Elizabeth

text: Queen Elizabeth


text: In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, which would have brought in an additional $125 million in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run. Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994. Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company President and CEO.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: to

text: complement

text: its

text: own

text: direct

text: sales

text: channel

text: Dell

text: planned

text: to

text: sell

text: PCs

text: at

text: big

text: box

text: retail

text: outlets

text: such

text: as

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: brought

text: in

text: an

text: additional

text: million

text: in

text: annual

text: revenue

text: Bain

text: consultant

text: Kevin

text: Rollins

text: persuaded

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: to

text: pull

text: out

text: of

text: these

text: deals

text: believing

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: money

text: losers

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: Margins

text: at

text: retail

text: were

text: thin

text: at

text: best

text: and

text: Dell

text: left

text: the

text: reseller

text: channel

text: in

text: Rollins

text: would

text: soon

text: join

text: Dell

text: full

text: time

text: and

text: eventually

text: become

text: the

text: company

text: President

text: and

text: CEO

question: What year did Dell plan to sell PCs at retailers?

answer: 1993

question: What was one retailer that were going to sell Dell PCs?

answer: Wal-Mart

text: Wal-Mart

question: Who convinced Michael Dell to not use retailers to sell PCs?

answer: Kevin Rollins

text: Kevin Rollins

question: What position at Dell did Kevin Rollins eventually attain?

answer: CEO

text: CEO


text: Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Drinking

text: water

text: supply

text: and

text: sanitation

text: in

text: Egypt

text: is

text: characterised

text: by

text: both

text: achievements

text: and

text: challenges

text: Among

text: the

text: achievements

text: are

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: piped

text: water

text: supply

text: between

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: despite

text: rapid

text: population

text: growth

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: open

text: defecation

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: during

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: and

text: in

text: general

text: a

text: relatively

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: investment

text: in

text: infrastructure

text: Access

text: to

text: an

text: improved

text: water

text: source

text: in

text: Egypt

text: is

text: now

text: practically

text: universal

text: with

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: About

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: sanitary

text: sewers

question: What basic part of civilization has been characterized by achievement and challenges?

answer: Drinking water supply and sanitation

text: Drinking water supply and sanitation

question: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to urban areas?

answer: 89% to 100%

text: 89% to 100%

question: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to rural areas?

answer: 39% to 93%

text: 39% to 93%

question: Currently how much of Egypt's population is connected to sanitary sewers?

answer: 99%


text: The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to "roll back". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: created

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: of

text: countries

text: that

text: it

text: occupied

text: annexing

text: some

text: as

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: and

text: maintaining

text: others

text: as

text: satellite

text: states

text: that

text: would

text: later

text: form

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: various

text: western

text: European

text: countries

text: began

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: containment

text: of

text: communism

text: and

text: forged

text: myriad

text: alliances

text: to

text: this

text: end

text: including

text: NATO

text: Several

text: of

text: these

text: western

text: countries

text: also

text: coordinated

text: efforts

text: regarding

text: the

text: rebuilding

text: of

text: western

text: Europe

text: including

text: western

text: Germany

text: which

text: the

text: Soviets

text: opposed

text: In

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: such

text: as

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: fostered

text: communist

text: revolutionary

text: movements

text: which

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: allies

text: opposed

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: attempted

text: to

text: roll

text: back

text: Many

text: countries

text: were

text: prompted

text: to

text: align

text: themselves

text: with

text: the

text: nations

text: that

text: would

text: later

text: form

text: either

text: NATO

text: or

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: though

text: other

text: movements

text: would

text: also

text: emerge

question: what did the Soviet Union annex some of it's territory as?

answer: Soviet Socialist Republics

text: Soviet Socialist Republics

question: What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as?

answer: the Warsaw Pact

text: the Warsaw Pact

question: The United States and many Western countries began what policy to fight communism?

answer: "containment"

text: "containment"

question: What did the soviets opposed rebuilding?

answer: rebuilding of western Europe

text: rebuilding of western Europe

question: What actions of the Soviet Union did The United States oppose?

answer: the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements,

text: the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements,


text: On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history".

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: bureau

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: special

text: agent

text: Robert

text: Hanssen

text: born

text: had

text: been

text: arrested

text: for

text: spying

text: for

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: then

text: Russia

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: is

text: serving

text: consecutive

text: life

text: sentences

text: without

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: parole

text: at

text: ADX

text: Florence

text: a

text: federal

text: supermax

text: prison

text: near

text: Florence

text: Colorado

text: Hanssen

text: was

text: arrested

text: on

text: February

text: at

text: Foxstone

text: Park

text: near

text: his

text: home

text: in

text: Vienna

text: Virginia

text: and

text: was

text: charged

text: with

text: selling

text: US

text: secrets

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: subsequently

text: Russia

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: US$

text: million

text: in

text: cash

text: and

text: diamonds

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: On

text: July

text: he

text: pleaded

text: guilty

text: to

text: counts

text: of

text: espionage

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: Eastern

text: District

text: of

text: Virginia

text: His

text: spying

text: activities

text: have

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: 's

text: Commission

text: for

text: the

text: Review

text: of

text: FBI

text: Security

text: Programs

text: as

text: possibly

text: the

text: worst

text: intelligence

text: disaster

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

question: When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest?

answer: 20 February 2001

text: 20 February 2001

question: What was Hanssen arrested for?

answer: spying for the Soviet Union

text: spying for the Soviet Union

question: When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU?

answer: 1979 to 2001

text: 1979 to 2001

question: How many life time sentences is Hanssen serving?

answer: 15

question: What much money did Hanssen receive in cash?

answer: $1.4 million

text: $1.4 million


text: Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times. In 1918 he was brought to Omsk, Russia, as a prisoner of war. There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen; he married her a year later, and she moved with him to Yugoslavia. Pelagija bore him five children but only their son Žarko Leon (born 4 February, 1924) survived. When Tito was jailed in 1928, she returned to Russia. After the divorce in 1936 she later remarried.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Tito

text: carried

text: on

text: numerous

text: affairs

text: and

text: was

text: married

text: several

text: times

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: Omsk

text: Russia

text: as

text: a

text: prisoner

text: of

text: war

text: There

text: he

text: met

text: Pelagija

text: Belousova

text: who

text: was

text: then

text: thirteen

text: he

text: married

text: her

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: and

text: she

text: moved

text: with

text: him

text: to

text: Yugoslavia

text: Pelagija

text: bore

text: him

text: five

text: children

text: but

text: only

text: their

text: son

text: Žarko

text: Leon

text: born

text: February

text: survived

text: When

text: Tito

text: was

text: jailed

text: in

text: she

text: returned

text: to

text: Russia

text: After

text: the

text: divorce

text: in

text: she

text: later

text: remarried

question: Where in Russia was Tito brought as a prisoner of war in 1918?

answer: Omsk

text: Omsk

question: When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?

answer: 1918

question: How old was Pelagija Belousava when Tito met her?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen

question: How many children did Pelagija bore for Tito?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who was the only surviving child of Tito's?

answer: Žarko Leon

text: Žarko Leon


text: An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is impossible to gather direct evidence of matter, as there is no direct experience of matter; all that is experienced is perception, whether internal or external. As such, the existence of matter can only be assumed from the apparent (perceived) stability of perceptions; it finds absolutely no evidence in direct experience.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: An

text: argument

text: for

text: idealism

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Hegel

text: and

text: Berkeley

text: is

text: ipso

text: facto

text: an

text: argument

text: against

text: materialism

text: Matter

text: can

text: be

text: argued

text: to

text: be

text: redundant

text: as

text: in

text: bundle

text: theory

text: and

text: mind

text: independent

text: properties

text: can

text: in

text: turn

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: subjective

text: percepts

text: Berkeley

text: presents

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: by

text: pointing

text: out

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: gather

text: direct

text: evidence

text: of

text: matter

text: as

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: direct

text: experience

text: of

text: matter

text: all

text: that

text: is

text: experienced

text: is

text: perception

text: whether

text: internal

text: or

text: external

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: matter

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: assumed

text: from

text: the

text: apparent

text: perceived

text: stability

text: of

text: perceptions

text: it

text: finds

text: absolutely

text: no

text: evidence

text: in

text: direct

text: experience

question: If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?

answer: materialism

text: materialism


text: Acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures. The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the Ziehl-Neelsen stain or acid-fast stain, in which the acid-fast bacilli are stained bright-red and stand out clearly against a blue background. L-form bacteria are strains of bacteria that lack cell walls. The main pathogenic bacteria in this class is Mycoplasma (not to be confused with Mycobacteria).

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Acid

text: fast

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Mycobacteria

text: are

text: resistant

text: to

text: decolorization

text: by

text: acids

text: during

text: staining

text: procedures

text: The

text: high

text: mycolic

text: acid

text: content

text: of

text: Mycobacteria

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: staining

text: pattern

text: of

text: poor

text: absorption

text: followed

text: by

text: high

text: retention

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: staining

text: technique

text: used

text: to

text: identify

text: acid

text: fast

text: bacteria

text: is

text: the

text: Ziehl

text: Neelsen

text: stain

text: or

text: acid

text: fast

text: stain

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: acid

text: fast

text: bacilli

text: are

text: stained

text: bright

text: red

text: and

text: stand

text: out

text: clearly

text: against

text: a

text: blue

text: background

text: L

text: form

text: bacteria

text: are

text: strains

text: of

text: bacteria

text: that

text: lack

text: cell

text: walls

text: The

text: main

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: in

text: this

text: class

text: is

text: Mycoplasma

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Mycobacteria

question: What is the most typical staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria?

answer: Ziehl-Neelsen stain

text: Ziehl-Neelsen stain

question: What is mycolic acid is responsible for in Mycobacteria?

answer: staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention.

text: staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention.

question: What helps Mycobacteria be resistant to decolorization?

answer: high mycolic acid content

text: high mycolic acid content

question: What is the main pathogenic bacteria in L-form class ?

answer: Mycoplasma

text: Mycoplasma


text: Kevin Saunderson's company KMS Records contributed many releases that were as much house music as they were techno. These tracks were well received in Chicago and played on Chicago radio and in clubs.[citation needed] Blake Baxter's 1986 recording, "When we Used to Play / Work your Body", 1987's "Bounce Your Body to the Box" and "Force Field", "The Sound / How to Play our Music" and "the Groove that Won't Stop" and a remix of "Grooving Without a Doubt". In 1988, as house music became more popular among general audiences, Kevin Saunderson's group Inner City with Paris Gray released the 1988 hits "Big Fun" and "Good Life", which eventually were picked up by Virgin Records. Each EP / 12 inch single sported remixes by Mike "Hitman" Wilson and Steve "Silk" Hurley of Chicago and Derrick "Mayday" May and Juan Atkins of Detroit. In 1989, KMS had another hit release of "Rock to the Beat" which was a theme in Chicago dance clubs.[citation needed]

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Kevin

text: Saunderson

text: 's

text: company

text: KMS

text: Records

text: contributed

text: many

text: releases

text: that

text: were

text: as

text: much

text: house

text: music

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: techno

text: These

text: tracks

text: were

text: well

text: received

text: in

text: Chicago

text: and

text: played

text: on

text: Chicago

text: radio

text: and

text: in

text: clubs.[citation

text: needed

text: Blake

text: Baxter

text: 's

text: recording

text: When

text: we

text: Used

text: to

text: Play

text: Work

text: your

text: Body

text: 's

text: Bounce

text: Your

text: Body

text: to

text: the

text: Box

text: and

text: Force

text: Field

text: The

text: Sound

text: How

text: to

text: Play

text: our

text: Music

text: and

text: the

text: Groove

text: that

text: Wo

text: n't

text: Stop

text: and

text: a

text: remix

text: of

text: Grooving

text: Without

text: a

text: Doubt

text: In

text: as

text: house

text: music

text: became

text: more

text: popular

text: among

text: general

text: audiences

text: Kevin

text: Saunderson

text: 's

text: group

text: Inner

text: City

text: with

text: Paris

text: Gray

text: released

text: the

text: hits

text: Big

text: Fun

text: and

text: Good

text: Life

text: which

text: eventually

text: were

text: picked

text: up

text: by

text: Virgin

text: Records

text: Each

text: EP

text: inch

text: single

text: sported

text: remixes

text: by

text: Mike

text: Hitman

text: Wilson

text: and

text: Steve

text: Silk

text: Hurley

text: of

text: Chicago

text: and

text: Derrick

text: Mayday

text: May

text: and

text: Juan

text: Atkins

text: of

text: Detroit

text: In

text: KMS

text: had

text: another

text: hit

text: release

text: of

text: Rock

text: to

text: the

text: Beat

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: theme

text: in

text: Chicago

text: dance

text: clubs.[citation

text: needed

question: who founded KMS Records?

answer: Kevin Saunderson

text: Kevin Saunderson

question: what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1986 hit recording?

answer: "When we Used to Play / Work your Body"

text: "When we Used to Play / Work your Body"

question: what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1987 hit recording?

answer: "Bounce Your Body to the Box"

text: "Bounce Your Body to the Box"

question: what group released "Big Fun" and "Good Life" in 1988?

answer: Inner City

text: Inner City

question: what was the 1989 hit theme released by KMS?

answer: "Rock to the Beat"

text: "Rock to the Beat"


text: No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings are narrow, more of them are required than where they are wide. As the tree gets larger, the sapwood must necessarily become thinner or increase materially in volume. Sapwood is thicker in the upper portion of the trunk of a tree than near the base, because the age and the diameter of the upper sections are less.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: No

text: definite

text: relation

text: exists

text: between

text: the

text: annual

text: rings

text: of

text: growth

text: and

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: sapwood

text: Within

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: the

text: cross

text: sectional

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: sapwood

text: is

text: very

text: roughly

text: proportional

text: to

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: crown

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: If

text: the

text: rings

text: are

text: narrow

text: more

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: required

text: than

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: wide

text: As

text: the

text: tree

text: gets

text: larger

text: the

text: sapwood

text: must

text: necessarily

text: become

text: thinner

text: or

text: increase

text: materially

text: in

text: volume

text: Sapwood

text: is

text: thicker

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: trunk

text: of

text: a

text: tree

text: than

text: near

text: the

text: base

text: because

text: the

text: age

text: and

text: the

text: diameter

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: sections

text: are

text: less

question: What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?

answer: crown

text: crown

question: Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide?

answer: narrow

text: narrow

question: As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?

answer: thinner

text: thinner

question: In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest?

answer: near the base

text: near the base

question: Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree?

answer: age

text: age


text: Also founded in 1935 and based in Detroit the Michigan Chronicle is one of the oldest and most respected African-American weekly newspapers in America. Covering politics, entertainment, sports and community events. The Detroit television market is the 11th largest in the United States; according to estimates that do not include audiences located in large areas of Ontario, Canada (Windsor and its surrounding area on broadcast and cable TV, as well as several other cable markets in Ontario, such as the city of Ottawa) which receive and watch Detroit television stations.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Also

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: based

text: in

text: Detroit

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Chronicle

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: respected

text: African

text: American

text: weekly

text: newspapers

text: in

text: America

text: Covering

text: politics

text: entertainment

text: sports

text: and

text: community

text: events

text: The

text: Detroit

text: television

text: market

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: according

text: to

text: estimates

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: include

text: audiences

text: located

text: in

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: Windsor

text: and

text: its

text: surrounding

text: area

text: on

text: broadcast

text: and

text: cable

text: TV

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: several

text: other

text: cable

text: markets

text: in

text: Ontario

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Ottawa

text: which

text: receive

text: and

text: watch

text: Detroit

text: television

text: stations

question: What newspaper was founded in 1935?

answer: Michigan Chronicle

text: Michigan Chronicle

question: How is Detroit's TV market ranked?

answer: 11th largest

text: 11th largest

question: How often does the Michigan Chronicle publish?

answer: weekly

text: weekly

question: What province of Canada is a large consumer of Detroit programming?

answer: Ontario

text: Ontario


text: Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Prior

text: to

text: King

text: Henry

text: 's

text: departure

text: for

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Agincourt

text: in

text: the

text: ringleaders

text: of

text: the

text: Southampton

text: Plot

text: Richard

text: Earl

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: Henry

text: Scrope

text: Baron

text: Scrope

text: of

text: Masham

text: and

text: Sir

text: Thomas

text: Grey

text: of

text: Heton

text: were

text: accused

text: of

text: high

text: treason

text: and

text: tried

text: at

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Red

text: Lion

text: public

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Street

text: They

text: were

text: found

text: guilty

text: and

text: summarily

text: executed

text: outside

text: the

text: Bargate

question: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?

answer: Battle of Agincourt

text: Battle of Agincourt

question: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?

answer: Southampton Plot

text: Southampton Plot

question: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?

answer: Red Lion

text: Red Lion

question: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?

answer: Richard

text: Richard

question: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?

answer: the Bargate

text: the Bargate


text: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Pumped

text: storage

text: hydroelectricity

text: stores

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: water

text: pumped

text: when

text: energy

text: is

text: available

text: from

text: a

text: lower

text: elevation

text: reservoir

text: to

text: a

text: higher

text: elevation

text: one

text: The

text: energy

text: is

text: recovered

text: when

text: demand

text: is

text: high

text: by

text: releasing

text: the

text: water

text: with

text: the

text: pump

text: becoming

text: a

text: hydroelectric

text: power

text: generator

question: When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat?

answer: a hydroelectric power generator

text: a hydroelectric power generator

question: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form?

answer: water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one

text: water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one

question: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?

answer: by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator

text: by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator


text: In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decade of white supremacy, many people forgot that North Carolina had ever had thriving middle-class black Americans. Black citizens had no political voice in the state until after the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to enforce their constitutional rights. It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a US Representative from North Carolina.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: passed

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: with

text: requirements

text: for

text: poll

text: taxes

text: and

text: literacy

text: tests

text: for

text: voter

text: registration

text: which

text: disfranchised

text: most

text: black

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Exclusion

text: from

text: voting

text: had

text: wide

text: effects

text: it

text: meant

text: that

text: black

text: Americans

text: could

text: not

text: serve

text: on

text: juries

text: or

text: in

text: any

text: local

text: office

text: After

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: white

text: supremacy

text: many

text: people

text: forgot

text: that

text: North

text: Carolina

text: had

text: ever

text: had

text: thriving

text: middle

text: class

text: black

text: Americans

text: Black

text: citizens

text: had

text: no

text: political

text: voice

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: federal

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: Voting

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: were

text: passed

text: to

text: enforce

text: their

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: another

text: African

text: American

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: US

text: Representative

text: from

text: North

text: Carolina

question: What did the NC state legislature pass in 1899?

answer: a new constitution

text: a new constitution

question: What type of taxes were required by the new NC constitution?

answer: poll taxes

text: poll taxes

question: What did the new constitution require for voter registration?

answer: literacy tests

text: literacy tests

question: Being excluded from doing what, made it so that black people could not serve on juries or in public office?

answer: voting

text: voting

question: What year was the Federal Civil Rights Act?

answer: 1964


text: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia. Air charter transport can cost in the order of A$30,000. For serious emergencies, medical evacuations are provided by the Royal Australian Air Force. The island has one ambulance staffed by St John Ambulance Australia volunteers.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: Hospital

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: medical

text: centre

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: Medicare

text: and

text: the

text: Pharmaceutical

text: Benefits

text: Scheme

text: do

text: not

text: cover

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: All

text: visitors

text: to

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: including

text: Australians

text: are

text: recommended

text: to

text: purchase

text: travel

text: insurance

text: Although

text: the

text: hospital

text: can

text: perform

text: minor

text: surgery

text: serious

text: medical

text: conditions

text: are

text: not

text: permitted

text: to

text: be

text: treated

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: patients

text: are

text: flown

text: back

text: to

text: mainland

text: Australia

text: Air

text: charter

text: transport

text: can

text: cost

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: A$

text: For

text: serious

text: emergencies

text: medical

text: evacuations

text: are

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Australian

text: Air

text: Force

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: one

text: ambulance

text: staffed

text: by

text: St

text: John

text: Ambulance

text: Australia

text: volunteers

question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?

answer: Norfolk Island Hospital

text: Norfolk Island Hospital

question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to purchase?

answer: travel insurance

text: travel insurance

question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment flown to?

answer: mainland Australia

text: mainland Australia

question: Who handles serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island?

answer: the Royal Australian Air Force

text: the Royal Australian Air Force

question: Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island?

answer: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers

text: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers


text: Nociceptive pain may also be divided into "visceral", "deep somatic" and "superficial somatic" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. Visceral pain is diffuse, difficult to locate and often referred to a distant, usually superficial, structure. It may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting and may be described as sickening, deep, squeezing, and dull. Deep somatic pain is initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles, and is dull, aching, poorly-localized pain. Examples include sprains and broken bones. Superficial pain is initiated by activation of nociceptors in the skin or other superficial tissue, and is sharp, well-defined and clearly located. Examples of injuries that produce superficial somatic pain include minor wounds and minor (first degree) burns.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Nociceptive

text: pain

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: visceral

text: deep

text: somatic

text: and

text: superficial

text: somatic

text: pain

text: Visceral

text: structures

text: are

text: highly

text: sensitive

text: to

text: stretch

text: ischemia

text: and

text: inflammation

text: but

text: relatively

text: insensitive

text: to

text: other

text: stimuli

text: that

text: normally

text: evoke

text: pain

text: in

text: other

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: burning

text: and

text: cutting

text: Visceral

text: pain

text: is

text: diffuse

text: difficult

text: to

text: locate

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: distant

text: usually

text: superficial

text: structure

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: nausea

text: and

text: vomiting

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: sickening

text: deep

text: squeezing

text: and

text: dull

text: Deep

text: somatic

text: pain

text: is

text: initiated

text: by

text: stimulation

text: of

text: nociceptors

text: in

text: ligaments

text: tendons

text: bones

text: blood

text: vessels

text: fasciae

text: and

text: muscles

text: and

text: is

text: dull

text: aching

text: poorly

text: localized

text: pain

text: Examples

text: include

text: sprains

text: and

text: broken

text: bones

text: Superficial

text: pain

text: is

text: initiated

text: by

text: activation

text: of

text: nociceptors

text: in

text: the

text: skin

text: or

text: other

text: superficial

text: tissue

text: and

text: is

text: sharp

text: well

text: defined

text: and

text: clearly

text: located

text: Examples

text: of

text: injuries

text: that

text: produce

text: superficial

text: somatic

text: pain

text: include

text: minor

text: wounds

text: and

text: minor

text: first

text: degree

text: burns

question: What type of of pain is visceral a division of?

answer: Nociceptive

text: Nociceptive

question: What type of structures are sensitive to being stretched but not very sensitive to burning?

answer: Visceral

text: Visceral

question: Which type of pain is dull, aching and hard to pin-point?

answer: Deep somatic

text: Deep somatic

question: What can visceral pain be accompanied by?

answer: nausea and vomiting

text: nausea and vomiting

question: What type of pain are first degree burns classified as causing?

answer: Superficial

text: Superficial


text: It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: "Great Wenchuan earthquake"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Wenchuan

text: earthquake

text: Chinese

text: 汶川大地震

text: pinyin

text: Wènchuān

text: dà

text: dìzhèn

text: literally

text: Great

text: Wenchuan

text: earthquake

text: after

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: earthquake

text: 's

text: epicenter

text: Wenchuan

text: County

text: Sichuan

text: The

text: epicenter

text: was

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: west

text: northwest

text: of

text: Chengdu

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: with

text: a

text: focal

text: depth

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: The

text: earthquake

text: was

text: also

text: felt

text: in

text: nearby

text: countries

text: and

text: as

text: far

text: away

text: as

text: both

text: Beijing

text: and

text: km

text: mi

text: and

text: km

text: mi

text: away

text: where

text: office

text: buildings

text: swayed

text: with

text: the

text: tremor

text: Strong

text: aftershocks

text: some

text: exceeding

text: magnitude

text: continued

text: to

text: hit

text: the

text: area

text: even

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: main

text: quake

text: causing

text: new

text: casualties

text: and

text: damage

question: Which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake?

answer: Beijing and Shanghai

text: Beijing and Shanghai

question: What was the focal depth of the earthquake?

answer: 19 km

text: 19 km

question: How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt?

answer: months after

text: months after

question: What is another name for the earthquake in Sichuan?

answer: the Wenchuan earthquake

text: the Wenchuan earthquake

question: Where was the epicenter of the earthquake?

answer: Wenchuan County, Sichuan

text: Wenchuan County, Sichuan

question: How far was it from Chengdu?

answer: 80 kilometres

text: 80 kilometres

question: What was the focal depth of the quake?

answer: 19 km

text: 19 km


text: Population has outstripped the supply of freshwater, usually from rainfall. The northern atolls get 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rainfall annually; the southern atolls about twice that. The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Population

text: has

text: outstripped

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: freshwater

text: usually

text: from

text: rainfall

text: The

text: northern

text: atolls

text: get

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: rainfall

text: annually

text: the

text: southern

text: atolls

text: about

text: twice

text: that

text: The

text: threat

text: of

text: drought

text: is

text: commonplace

text: throughout

text: the

text: island

text: chains

question: How many millimeters of rain do the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands receive?

answer: 1,300

question: What is the main source of fresh water for the Marshall Islands?

answer: rainfall

text: rainfall

question: What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with?

answer: drought

text: drought

question: How much more rain do the southern atolls get compared to the northern?

answer: twice

text: twice


text: Some large broad-winged birds rely on thermal columns of rising hot air to enable them to soar. These include many birds of prey such as vultures, eagles, and buzzards, but also storks. These birds migrate in the daytime. Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water, since thermals only form over land, and these birds cannot maintain active flight for long distances. Mediterranean and other seas present a major obstacle to soaring birds, which must cross at the narrowest points. Massive numbers of large raptors and storks pass through areas such as the Strait of Messina, Gibraltar, Falsterbo, and the Bosphorus at migration times. More common species, such as the European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, can be counted in hundreds of thousands in autumn. Other barriers, such as mountain ranges, can also cause funnelling, particularly of large diurnal migrants. This is a notable factor in the Central American migratory bottleneck. Batumi bottleneck in the Caucasus is one of the heaviest migratory funnels on earth. Avoiding flying over the Black Sea surface and across high mountains, hundreds of thousands of soaring birds funnel through an area around the city of Batumi, Georgia. Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20% of their weight during migration, which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons, hawks and harriers.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Some

text: large

text: broad

text: winged

text: birds

text: rely

text: on

text: thermal

text: columns

text: of

text: rising

text: hot

text: air

text: to

text: enable

text: them

text: to

text: soar

text: These

text: include

text: many

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: such

text: as

text: vultures

text: eagles

text: and

text: buzzards

text: but

text: also

text: storks

text: These

text: birds

text: migrate

text: in

text: the

text: daytime

text: Migratory

text: species

text: in

text: these

text: groups

text: have

text: great

text: difficulty

text: crossing

text: large

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: since

text: thermals

text: only

text: form

text: over

text: land

text: and

text: these

text: birds

text: can

text: not

text: maintain

text: active

text: flight

text: for

text: long

text: distances

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: other

text: seas

text: present

text: a

text: major

text: obstacle

text: to

text: soaring

text: birds

text: which

text: must

text: cross

text: at

text: the

text: narrowest

text: points

text: Massive

text: numbers

text: of

text: large

text: raptors

text: and

text: storks

text: pass

text: through

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Messina

text: Gibraltar

text: Falsterbo

text: and

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: at

text: migration

text: times

text: More

text: common

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: European

text: honey

text: buzzard

text: Pernis

text: apivorus

text: can

text: be

text: counted

text: in

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: in

text: autumn

text: Other

text: barriers

text: such

text: as

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: can

text: also

text: cause

text: funnelling

text: particularly

text: of

text: large

text: diurnal

text: migrants

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: notable

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: American

text: migratory

text: bottleneck

text: Batumi

text: bottleneck

text: in

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: heaviest

text: migratory

text: funnels

text: on

text: earth

text: Avoiding

text: flying

text: over

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: surface

text: and

text: across

text: high

text: mountains

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: soaring

text: birds

text: funnel

text: through

text: an

text: area

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Batumi

text: Georgia

text: Birds

text: of

text: prey

text: such

text: as

text: honey

text: buzzards

text: which

text: migrate

text: using

text: thermals

text: lose

text: only

text: to

text: of

text: their

text: weight

text: during

text: migration

text: which

text: may

text: explain

text: why

text: they

text: forage

text: less

text: during

text: migration

text: than

text: do

text: smaller

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: with

text: more

text: active

text: flight

text: such

text: as

text: falcons

text: hawks

text: and

text: harriers

question: What do some large broad-winged birds rely on to help them soar?

answer: thermal columns of rising hot air

text: thermal columns of rising hot air

question: When do large birds of pray migrate?

answer: daytime

text: daytime

question: What is one of the heaviest migratory funnels?

answer: Batumi bottleneck

text: Batumi bottleneck

question: How much of their body weight do honey buzzards lose during migration?

answer: 10 to 20%

text: 10 to 20%

question: How many birds funnel through Batumi, Georgia each year?

answer: hundreds of thousands

text: hundreds of thousands


text: The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories. They have phased out diesel buses and mandated new emission controls on new cars; since 1993 all new cars must be fitted with a catalytic converter, which reduces the emissions released. Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion. Today it has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day. Fees are kept low to encourage use of the system and during rush hours the crush is so great, that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women. Due to these initiatives and others, the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve, with the air becoming cleaner since 1991, when the air quality was declared to be a public health risk for 355 days of the year.[citation needed]

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: World

text: Bank

text: has

text: sponsored

text: a

text: project

text: to

text: curb

text: air

text: pollution

text: through

text: public

text: transport

text: improvements

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: government

text: has

text: started

text: shutting

text: down

text: polluting

text: factories

text: They

text: have

text: phased

text: out

text: diesel

text: buses

text: and

text: mandated

text: new

text: emission

text: controls

text: on

text: new

text: cars

text: since

text: all

text: new

text: cars

text: must

text: be

text: fitted

text: with

text: a

text: catalytic

text: converter

text: which

text: reduces

text: the

text: emissions

text: released

text: Trucks

text: must

text: use

text: only

text: liquefied

text: petroleum

text: gas

text: LPG

text: Also

text: construction

text: of

text: an

text: underground

text: rail

text: system

text: was

text: begun

text: in

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: help

text: curb

text: air

text: pollution

text: problems

text: and

text: alleviate

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: over

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: track

text: and

text: carries

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: every

text: day

text: Fees

text: are

text: kept

text: low

text: to

text: encourage

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: and

text: during

text: rush

text: hours

text: the

text: crush

text: is

text: so

text: great

text: that

text: authorities

text: have

text: reserved

text: a

text: special

text: carriage

text: specifically

text: for

text: women

text: Due

text: to

text: these

text: initiatives

text: and

text: others

text: the

text: air

text: quality

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: begun

text: to

text: improve

text: with

text: the

text: air

text: becoming

text: cleaner

text: since

text: when

text: the

text: air

text: quality

text: was

text: declared

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: public

text: health

text: risk

text: for

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: year.[citation

text: needed

question: What do new cars in Mexico need to have?

answer: catalytic converter

text: catalytic converter

question: When did the underground rail system begin construction?

answer: 1968

question: How many people ride the Mexico city subway system each day?

answer: 5 million people

text: 5 million people

question: How many days of the year in 1991 was the air pollution a serious health risk?

answer: 355

question: What is one way the government helps with the "Crush" of the rush hour riding of the subway system?

answer: reserved a special carriage specifically for women

text: reserved a special carriage specifically for women