text: As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population, which includes African Americans. Out of the 16.0%, 4.0% (741,879) were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American. During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population. In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910 to 1940, and again starting in the later 1940s. They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. By 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%. Conversely large numbers of northern whites moved to the state.[citation needed] Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern and central Florida. Aside from blacks descended from African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins, especially in the Miami/South Florida area. In 2010, Florida had the highest percentage of West Indians in the United States, with 2.0% (378,926) from Haitian ancestry, and 1.3% (236,950) Jamaican. All other (non-Hispanic) Caribbean nations were well below 0.1% of Florida residents.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: As

text: of

text: those

text: of

text: African

text: ancestry

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: Florida

text: 's

text: population

text: which

text: includes

text: African

text: Americans

text: Out

text: of

text: the

text: were

text: West

text: Indian

text: or

text: Afro

text: Caribbean

text: American

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: black

text: people

text: made

text: up

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: population

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: segregation

text: disfranchisement

text: and

text: agricultural

text: depression

text: many

text: African

text: Americans

text: migrated

text: from

text: Florida

text: to

text: northern

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Migration

text: in

text: waves

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: They

text: moved

text: for

text: jobs

text: better

text: education

text: for

text: their

text: children

text: and

text: the

text: chance

text: to

text: vote

text: and

text: participate

text: in

text: society

text: By

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: had

text: declined

text: to

text: Conversely

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: northern

text: whites

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: state.[citation

text: needed

text: Today

text: large

text: concentrations

text: of

text: black

text: residents

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: northern

text: and

text: central

text: Florida

text: Aside

text: from

text: blacks

text: descended

text: from

text: African

text: slaves

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: south

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: blacks

text: of

text: West

text: Indian

text: recent

text: African

text: and

text: Afro

text: Latino

text: immigrant

text: origins

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: Miami

text: South

text: Florida

text: area

text: In

text: Florida

text: had

text: the

text: highest

text: percentage

text: of

text: West

text: Indians

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: from

text: Haitian

text: ancestry

text: and

text: Jamaican

text: All

text: other

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: Caribbean

text: nations

text: were

text: well

text: below

text: of

text: Florida

text: residents

question: What percentage of Florida was African american in 2010

answer: As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population

text: As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population

question: what percentage of florida was black in the early 1900's

answer: During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population

text: During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population

question: What did many black migrate from florida

answer: response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities

text: response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities

question: Where does the African population in florida have ancestry roots

answer: African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins

text: African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins


text: On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, "the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence".

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: On

text: January

text: Musharraf

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: against

text: Islamic

text: extremism

text: He

text: unequivocally

text: condemned

text: all

text: acts

text: of

text: terrorism

text: and

text: pledged

text: to

text: combat

text: Islamic

text: extremism

text: and

text: lawlessness

text: within

text: Pakistan

text: itself

text: He

text: stated

text: that

text: his

text: government

text: was

text: committed

text: to

text: rooting

text: out

text: extremism

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: banned

text: militant

text: organizations

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: resurface

text: under

text: any

text: new

text: name

text: He

text: said

text: the

text: recent

text: decision

text: to

text: ban

text: extremist

text: groups

text: promoting

text: militancy

text: was

text: taken

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: interest

text: after

text: thorough

text: consultations

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: taken

text: under

text: any

text: foreign

text: influence

question: When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech?

answer: 12 January 2002

text: 12 January 2002

question: What did Musharraf say he'd combat?

answer: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

text: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

question: What did Musharraf ban?

answer: militant organizations

text: militant organizations

question: What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by?

answer: foreign influence

text: foreign influence


text: Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus on issues; the creation of new leadership positions as a way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure; and daily meetings in the Leader's office (or at breakfast, lunch, or dinner) to lay out floor strategy or political objectives for the minority party.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: Gephardt

text: added

text: that

text: inclusion

text: and

text: empowerment

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: on

text: the

text: line

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: done

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: best

text: performance

text: from

text: the

text: minority

text: party

text: Other

text: techniques

text: for

text: fostering

text: party

text: harmony

text: include

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: task

text: forces

text: composed

text: of

text: partisan

text: colleagues

text: with

text: conflicting

text: views

text: to

text: reach

text: consensus

text: on

text: issues

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: leadership

text: positions

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: reach

text: out

text: and

text: involve

text: a

text: greater

text: diversity

text: of

text: partisans

text: in

text: the

text: leadership

text: structure

text: and

text: daily

text: meetings

text: in

text: the

text: Leader

text: 's

text: office

text: or

text: at

text: breakfast

text: lunch

text: or

text: dinner

text: to

text: lay

text: out

text: floor

text: strategy

text: or

text: political

text: objectives

text: for

text: the

text: minority

text: party

question: What is a good technique to foster party harmony?

answer: appointment of task forces

text: appointment of task forces

question: What colleagues are best to work with to reach a consensus?

answer: partisan colleagues with conflicting views

text: partisan colleagues with conflicting views

question: What does the creation of leadership positions allow for?

answer: way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure

text: way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure


text: Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line, mainly because of objections from cab operators to the type of tracks which – although they were laid to the Irish national railway gauge of 5 ft 3in – protruded from the road surface.[citation needed]

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: Within

text: the

text: city

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: two

text: tram

text: networks

text: in

text: operation

text: A

text: proposal

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: horse

text: drawn

text: tram

text: linking

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: railway

text: termini

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: American

text: George

text: Francis

text: Train

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: implemented

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Cork

text: Tramway

text: Company

text: However

text: the

text: company

text: ceased

text: trading

text: in

text: after

text: Cork

text: Corporation

text: refused

text: permission

text: to

text: extend

text: the

text: line

text: mainly

text: because

text: of

text: objections

text: from

text: cab

text: operators

text: to

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: tracks

text: which

text: although

text: they

text: were

text: laid

text: to

text: the

text: Irish

text: national

text: railway

text: gauge

text: of

text: ft

text: in

text: protruded

text: from

text: the

text: road

text: surface.[citation

text: needed

question: How many tram systems were in Cork?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who wanted to develop a horse drawn tram system?

answer: George Francis Train

text: George Francis Train

question: When did the Cork Tramway Company start a horse driven tram system?

answer: 1872

question: Why did the Cork Tramway Company stop operations?

answer: Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line

text: Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line

question: Why did the cab operators not like the tracks?

answer: protruded from the road surface

text: protruded from the road surface


text: The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye; the light emitted does not appear white, and most is not in the range of wavelengths at which the eye is most sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid – below 3,695 K (3,422 °C; 6,191 °F). Donald L. Klipstein explains it this way: "An ideal thermal radiator produces visible light most efficiently at temperatures around 6,300 °C (6,600 K; 11,400 °F). Even at this high temperature, a lot of the radiation is either infrared or ultraviolet, and the theoretical luminous efficacy (LER) is 95 lumens per watt." No known material can be used as a filament at this ideal temperature, which is hotter than the sun's surface. An upper limit for incandescent lamp luminous efficacy (LER) is around 52 lumens per watt, the theoretical value emitted by tungsten at its melting point.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: The

text: spectrum

text: emitted

text: by

text: a

text: blackbody

text: radiator

text: at

text: temperatures

text: of

text: incandescent

text: bulbs

text: does

text: not

text: match

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: the

text: light

text: emitted

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: white

text: and

text: most

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: wavelengths

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: eye

text: is

text: most

text: sensitive

text: Tungsten

text: filaments

text: radiate

text: mostly

text: infrared

text: radiation

text: at

text: temperatures

text: where

text: they

text: remain

text: solid

text: below

text: K

text: C

text: F

text: Donald

text: L.

text: Klipstein

text: explains

text: it

text: this

text: way

text: An

text: ideal

text: thermal

text: radiator

text: produces

text: visible

text: light

text: most

text: efficiently

text: at

text: temperatures

text: around

text: C

text: K

text: F

text: Even

text: at

text: this

text: high

text: temperature

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: the

text: radiation

text: is

text: either

text: infrared

text: or

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: the

text: theoretical

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: LER

text: is

text: lumens

text: per

text: watt

text: No

text: known

text: material

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: filament

text: at

text: this

text: ideal

text: temperature

text: which

text: is

text: hotter

text: than

text: the

text: sun

text: 's

text: surface

text: An

text: upper

text: limit

text: for

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: LER

text: is

text: around

text: lumens

text: per

text: watt

text: the

text: theoretical

text: value

text: emitted

text: by

text: tungsten

text: at

text: its

text: melting

text: point

question: At what temperature does a thermal radiator most efficiently produce light?

answer: 6,300 °C

text: 6,300 °C

question: What is the upper limit for LER of an incandescent lamp?

answer: 52 lumens per watt

text: 52 lumens per watt

question: What type of radiation makes up the majority of tungsten filament emissions?

answer: infrared radiation

text: infrared radiation

question: What is the flaw in the color of light produced by an incandescent bulb?

answer: the light emitted does not appear white,

text: the light emitted does not appear white,

question: What is the theoretical LER value of tungsten at its melting point?

answer: 52 lumens per watt

text: 52 lumens per watt


text: The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: The

text: maternal

text: mortality

text: rate

text: per

text: births

text: for

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: was

text: This

text: compares

text: with

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: The

text: under

text: mortality

text: rate

text: per

text: births

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: neonatal

text: mortality

text: as

text: a

text: percentage

text: of

text: under

text: 's

text: mortality

text: was

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: midwives

text: per

text: live

text: births

text: was

text: one

text: out

text: of

text: eighteen

text: pregnant

text: women

text: die

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: pregnancy

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: UNICEF

text: report

text: of

text: women

text: in

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: had

text: undergone

text: female

text: genital

text: mutilation

text: In

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: had

text: the

text: highest

text: maternal

text: mortality

text: rate

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What was the 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births?

answer: 1000

question: What was the 1990 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births?

answer: 966

question: How many midwives are listed per 1,000 live births?

answer: 3

question: How many pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy?

answer: one out of eighteen

text: one out of eighteen

question: According to UNICEF, what percentage of women in Guinea-Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation?

answer: 50%


text: In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true "dialects" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual intelligibility. Though mostly mutually unintelligible, the exact degree to which the regional Italian languages are mutual unintelligible varies, often correlating with geographical distance or geographical barriers between the languages, with some regional Italian languages that are closer in geographical proximity to each other or closer to each other on the dialect continuum being more or less mutually intelligible. For instance, a speaker of purely Eastern Lombard, a language in Northern Italy's Lombardy region that includes the Bergamasque dialect, would have severely limited mutual intelligibility with a purely standard Italian speaker and would be nearly completely unintelligible to a speaker of a pure Sicilian language variant. Due to Eastern Lombard's status as a Gallo-Italic language, an Eastern Lombard speaker may, in fact, have more mutual intelligibility with a Occitan, Catalan, or French speaker than a standard Italian or Sicilian language speaker. Meanwhile, a Sicilian language speaker would have an greater degree of mutual intelligibility with a speaker of the more closely related Neapolitan language, but far less mutual intelligibility with a person speaking Sicilian Gallo-Italic, a language that developed in isolated Lombard emigrant communities on the same island as the Sicilian language.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: having

text: evolved

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: separately

text: from

text: one

text: another

text: and

text: with

text: distinct

text: individual

text: histories

text: the

text: Latin

text: based

text: regional

text: Romance

text: languages

text: of

text: Italy

text: are

text: also

text: better

text: classified

text: as

text: separate

text: languages

text: rather

text: than

text: true

text: dialects

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: often

text: high

text: degree

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: lack

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: Though

text: mostly

text: mutually

text: unintelligible

text: the

text: exact

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: regional

text: Italian

text: languages

text: are

text: mutual

text: unintelligible

text: varies

text: often

text: correlating

text: with

text: geographical

text: distance

text: or

text: geographical

text: barriers

text: between

text: the

text: languages

text: with

text: some

text: regional

text: Italian

text: languages

text: that

text: are

text: closer

text: in

text: geographical

text: proximity

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: or

text: closer

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: on

text: the

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: being

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: For

text: instance

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: purely

text: Eastern

text: Lombard

text: a

text: language

text: in

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: 's

text: Lombardy

text: region

text: that

text: includes

text: the

text: Bergamasque

text: dialect

text: would

text: have

text: severely

text: limited

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: with

text: a

text: purely

text: standard

text: Italian

text: speaker

text: and

text: would

text: be

text: nearly

text: completely

text: unintelligible

text: to

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: a

text: pure

text: Sicilian

text: language

text: variant

text: Due

text: to

text: Eastern

text: Lombard

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: Gallo

text: Italic

text: language

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Lombard

text: speaker

text: may

text: in

text: fact

text: have

text: more

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: with

text: a

text: Occitan

text: Catalan

text: or

text: French

text: speaker

text: than

text: a

text: standard

text: Italian

text: or

text: Sicilian

text: language

text: speaker

text: Meanwhile

text: a

text: Sicilian

text: language

text: speaker

text: would

text: have

text: an

text: greater

text: degree

text: of

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: with

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: Neapolitan

text: language

text: but

text: far

text: less

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: with

text: a

text: person

text: speaking

text: Sicilian

text: Gallo

text: Italic

text: a

text: language

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: isolated

text: Lombard

text: emigrant

text: communities

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: island

text: as

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: language

question: What is a major reason why the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy should be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of each other?

answer: they lack mutual intelligibility

text: they lack mutual intelligibility

question: From what region of Italy does the Eastern Lombard dialect hail?

answer: Lombardy

text: Lombardy

question: What language family does Eastern Lombard belong to?

answer: Gallo-Italic

text: Gallo-Italic

question: What type of language is Sicilian?

answer: Neapolitan

text: Neapolitan

question: What language was spoken by Lombard immigrants to Sicily?

answer: Sicilian Gallo-Italic

text: Sicilian Gallo-Italic


text: Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Until

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: pubs

text: also

text: featured

text: an

text: off

text: sales

text: counter

text: or

text: attached

text: shop

text: for

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: beers

text: wines

text: and

text: spirits

text: for

text: home

text: consumption

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: newly

text: built

text: supermarkets

text: and

text: high

text: street

text: chain

text: stores

text: or

text: off

text: licences

text: undercut

text: the

text: pub

text: prices

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: degree

text: that

text: within

text: ten

text: years

text: all

text: but

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: pubs

text: had

text: closed

text: their

text: off

text: sale

text: counters

text: which

text: had

text: often

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: colloquially

text: as

text: the

text: jug

text: and

text: bottle

question: What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as?

answer: jug and bottle

text: jug and bottle

question: In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?

answer: 1970s

question: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?

answer: off-sales counter

text: off-sales counter

question: What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?

answer: the jug and bottle

text: the jug and bottle

question: Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?

answer: supermarkets

text: supermarkets


text: In comparison, the 2010 Census Redistricting Data indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 661,839 (43.4%) African American, 626,221 (41.0%) White, 6,996 (0.5%) Native American, 96,405 (6.3%) Asian (2.0% Chinese, 1.2% Indian, 0.9% Vietnamese, 0.6% Cambodian, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Filipino, 0.2% Pakistani, 0.1% Indonesian), 744 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 90,731 (5.9%) from other races, and 43,070 (2.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 187,611 persons (12.3%); 8.0% of Philadelphia is Puerto Rican, 1.0% Dominican, 1.0% Mexican, 0.3% Cuban, and 0.3% Colombian. The racial breakdown of Philadelphia's Hispanic/Latino population was 63,636 (33.9%) White, 17,552 (9.4%) African American, 3,498 (1.9%) Native American, 884 (0.47%) Asian, 287 (0.15%) Pacific Islander, 86,626 (46.2%) from other races, and 15,128 (8.1%) from two or more races. The five largest European ancestries reported in the 2010 United States Census Census included Irish (12.5%), Italian (8.4%), German (8.1%), Polish (3.6%), and English (3.0%).

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: comparison

text: the

text: Census

text: Redistricting

text: Data

text: indicated

text: that

text: the

text: racial

text: makeup

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: African

text: American

text: White

text: Native

text: American

text: Asian

text: Chinese

text: Indian

text: Vietnamese

text: Cambodian

text: Korean

text: Filipino

text: Pakistani

text: Indonesian

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: from

text: other

text: races

text: and

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: were

text: persons

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: Dominican

text: Mexican

text: Cuban

text: and

text: Colombian

text: The

text: racial

text: breakdown

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: Hispanic

text: Latino

text: population

text: was

text: White

text: African

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: Asian

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: from

text: other

text: races

text: and

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: The

text: five

text: largest

text: European

text: ancestries

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Census

text: included

text: Irish

text: Italian

text: German

text: Polish

text: and

text: English

question: What is the percent of blacks?

answer: 43.4%

question: What is the percent of whites?

answer: 41.0%

question: What is the hispanic make-up of the population?

answer: 12.3%

question: What is the largest European ancestry?

answer: Irish (12.5%)

text: Irish (12.5%)


text: During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. By the start of the Devonian period (416 Ma), Gondwana was in more southern latitudes and the climate was cooler, though fossils of land plants are known from this time. Sand and silts were laid down in what is now the Ellsworth, Horlick and Pensacola Mountains. Glaciation began at the end of the Devonian period (360 Ma), as Gondwana became centered on the South Pole and the climate cooled, though flora remained. During the Permian period, the land became dominated by seed plants such as Glossopteris, a pteridosperm which grew in swamps. Over time these swamps became deposits of coal in the Transantarctic Mountains. Towards the end of the Permian period, continued warming led to a dry, hot climate over much of Gondwana.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: During

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: Gondwana

text: had

text: a

text: mild

text: climate

text: West

text: Antarctica

text: was

text: partially

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: sandstones

text: limestones

text: and

text: shales

text: were

text: deposited

text: East

text: Antarctica

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: equator

text: where

text: sea

text: floor

text: invertebrates

text: and

text: trilobites

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: tropical

text: seas

text: By

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: Ma

text: Gondwana

text: was

text: in

text: more

text: southern

text: latitudes

text: and

text: the

text: climate

text: was

text: cooler

text: though

text: fossils

text: of

text: land

text: plants

text: are

text: known

text: from

text: this

text: time

text: Sand

text: and

text: silts

text: were

text: laid

text: down

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Ellsworth

text: Horlick

text: and

text: Pensacola

text: Mountains

text: Glaciation

text: began

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: Ma

text: as

text: Gondwana

text: became

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: and

text: the

text: climate

text: cooled

text: though

text: flora

text: remained

text: During

text: the

text: Permian

text: period

text: the

text: land

text: became

text: dominated

text: by

text: seed

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: Glossopteris

text: a

text: pteridosperm

text: which

text: grew

text: in

text: swamps

text: Over

text: time

text: these

text: swamps

text: became

text: deposits

text: of

text: coal

text: in

text: the

text: Transantarctic

text: Mountains

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Permian

text: period

text: continued

text: warming

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: dry

text: hot

text: climate

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: Gondwana

question: What type of climate did Gondwana have during the Cambrian period?

answer: mild

text: mild

question: In what hemisphere did west Antarctica share during the Cambrian?

answer: Northern

text: Northern

question: Where was east Antarctica during the Cambrian period?

answer: equator

text: equator

question: What was the climate of Gondwana at the beginning of the Devonian period?

answer: cooler

text: cooler

question: Where was Gondwana located by the end of the Devonian period?

answer: South Pole

text: South Pole


text: Although the advance in the Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the Battle of Imphal, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Burma from Yunnan province. They captured a fortified position at Mount Song. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon rains, the NCAC had secured a vital airfield at Myitkyina (August 1944), which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "The Hump".

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Although

text: the

text: advance

text: in

text: the

text: Arakan

text: had

text: been

text: halted

text: to

text: release

text: troops

text: and

text: aircraft

text: for

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Imphal

text: the

text: Americans

text: and

text: Chinese

text: had

text: continued

text: to

text: advance

text: in

text: northern

text: Burma

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: Chindits

text: operating

text: against

text: the

text: Japanese

text: lines

text: of

text: communication

text: In

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Expeditionary

text: Force

text: invaded

text: northern

text: Burma

text: from

text: Yunnan

text: province

text: They

text: captured

text: a

text: fortified

text: position

text: at

text: Mount

text: Song

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: campaigning

text: ceased

text: during

text: the

text: monsoon

text: rains

text: the

text: NCAC

text: had

text: secured

text: a

text: vital

text: airfield

text: at

text: Myitkyina

text: August

text: which

text: eased

text: the

text: problems

text: of

text: air

text: resupply

text: from

text: India

text: to

text: China

text: over

text: The

text: Hump

question: What battle was the advance in the Arakan halted to release troops for?

answer: Battle of Imphal

text: Battle of Imphal

question: Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?

answer: Chindits

text: Chindits

question: What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force?

answer: Mount Song

text: Mount Song

question: When did the Chinese invade northern Burma?

answer: middle of 1944

text: middle of 1944

question: What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944?

answer: Myitkyina

text: Myitkyina


text: The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick "marine layer" cloud cover will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. Sometimes the June gloom can last into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C).

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: climate

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: like

text: most

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

text: often

text: varies

text: significantly

text: over

text: short

text: geographical

text: distances

text: resulting

text: in

text: microclimates

text: In

text: San

text: Diego

text: this

text: is

text: mostly

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: topography

text: the

text: Bay

text: and

text: the

text: numerous

text: hills

text: mountains

text: and

text: canyons

text: Frequently

text: particularly

text: during

text: the

text: May

text: gray

text: June

text: gloom

text: period

text: a

text: thick

text: marine

text: layer

text: cloud

text: cover

text: will

text: keep

text: the

text: air

text: cool

text: and

text: damp

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: miles

text: of

text: the

text: coast

text: but

text: will

text: yield

text: to

text: bright

text: cloudless

text: sunshine

text: approximately

text: miles

text: km

text: inland

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: June

text: gloom

text: can

text: last

text: into

text: July

text: causing

text: cloudy

text: skies

text: over

text: most

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: day

text: Even

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: June

text: gloom

text: inland

text: areas

text: tend

text: to

text: experience

text: much

text: more

text: significant

text: temperature

text: variations

text: than

text: coastal

text: areas

text: where

text: the

text: ocean

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: moderating

text: influence

text: Thus

text: for

text: example

text: downtown

text: San

text: Diego

text: averages

text: January

text: lows

text: of

text: F

text: C

text: and

text: August

text: highs

text: of

text: F

text: C

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: El

text: Cajon

text: just

text: miles

text: km

text: inland

text: from

text: downtown

text: San

text: Diego

text: averages

text: January

text: lows

text: of

text: F

text: C

text: and

text: August

text: highs

text: of

text: F

text: C

question: What areas experience the most significant temperature variations?

answer: inland areas

text: inland areas

question: What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August?

answer: 88 °F

text: 88 °F

question: What frequently blankets San Diego in May and June?

answer: a thick "marine layer" cloud cover

text: a thick "marine layer" cloud cover

question: What is the average January low temperature in downtown San Diego?

answer: 50 °F (10 °C)

text: 50 °F (10 °C)

question: What effect does the springtime cloud cover have on the temperature?

answer: keep the air cool and damp

text: keep the air cool and damp


text: Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives agree in gender and animacy (for masculine nouns in the accusative or genitive singular and the nominative plural) with the nouns they modify. The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made).

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Czech

text: distinguishes

text: three

text: genders

text: masculine

text: feminine

text: and

text: neuter

text: and

text: the

text: masculine

text: gender

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: animate

text: and

text: inanimate

text: With

text: few

text: exceptions

text: feminine

text: nouns

text: in

text: the

text: nominative

text: case

text: end

text: in

text: -a

text: -e

text: or

text: -ost

text: neuter

text: nouns

text: in

text: -o

text: -e

text: or

text: -í

text: and

text: masculine

text: nouns

text: in

text: a

text: consonant

text: Adjectives

text: agree

text: in

text: gender

text: and

text: animacy

text: for

text: masculine

text: nouns

text: in

text: the

text: accusative

text: or

text: genitive

text: singular

text: and

text: the

text: nominative

text: plural

text: with

text: the

text: nouns

text: they

text: modify

text: The

text: main

text: effect

text: of

text: gender

text: in

text: Czech

text: is

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: noun

text: and

text: adjective

text: declension

text: but

text: other

text: effects

text: include

text: past

text: tense

text: verb

text: endings

text: for

text: example

text: dělal

text: he

text: did

text: or

text: made

text: dělala

text: she

text: did

text: or

text: made

text: and

text: dělalo

text: it

text: did

text: or

text: made

question: How many genders does Czech distinguish?

answer: three

text: three

question: What categories is the masculine gender in Czech divided into?

answer: animate and inanimate

text: animate and inanimate

question: What do Czech adjectives agree with in the nouns they modify?

answer: gender and animacy

text: gender and animacy

question: What does gender also affect in Czech?

answer: past-tense verb endings

text: past-tense verb endings

question: What is the main effect of gender in Czech?

answer: difference in noun and adjective declension

text: difference in noun and adjective declension


text: There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City" race has been held annually since 2005, and attracts teams and boats from local and visiting clubs who row the 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Crosshaven into Cork city centre. The decision to move the National Rowing Center to Inniscarra has boosted numbers involved in the sport.[citation needed] Cork's maritime sailing heritage is maintained through its sailing clubs. The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and "Cork Week" is a notable sailing event.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: watersports

text: in

text: Cork

text: including

text: rowing

text: and

text: sailing

text: There

text: are

text: five

text: rowing

text: clubs

text: training

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Lee

text: including

text: Shandon

text: BC

text: UCC

text: RC

text: Pres

text: RC

text: Lee

text: RC

text: and

text: Cork

text: BC

text: Naomhóga

text: Chorcaí

text: is

text: a

text: rowing

text: club

text: whose

text: members

text: row

text: traditional

text: naomhóga

text: on

text: the

text: Lee

text: in

text: occasional

text: competitions

text: The

text: Ocean

text: to

text: City

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: and

text: attracts

text: teams

text: and

text: boats

text: from

text: local

text: and

text: visiting

text: clubs

text: who

text: row

text: the

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: Crosshaven

text: into

text: Cork

text: city

text: centre

text: The

text: decision

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: National

text: Rowing

text: Center

text: to

text: Inniscarra

text: has

text: boosted

text: numbers

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: sport.[citation

text: needed

text: Cork

text: 's

text: maritime

text: sailing

text: heritage

text: is

text: maintained

text: through

text: its

text: sailing

text: clubs

text: The

text: Royal

text: Cork

text: Yacht

text: Club

text: located

text: in

text: Crosshaven

text: outside

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: yacht

text: club

text: and

text: Cork

text: Week

text: is

text: a

text: notable

text: sailing

text: event

question: What kinds of sea faring sports are available in Cork?

answer: rowing and sailing

text: rowing and sailing

question: How many rowing clubs are in Cork?

answer: five

text: five

question: Where is the world's oldest yahct club?

answer: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven

text: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven

question: What is one of the more popular sailing events in Cork?

answer: Cork Week

text: Cork Week

question: What annual rowing event has been happening in Cork since 2005?

answer: Ocean to City

text: Ocean to City


text: Paris and its region host the headquarters of several international organisations including UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Paris Club, the European Space Agency, the International Energy Agency, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Exhibition Bureau and the International Federation for Human Rights.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: and

text: its

text: region

text: host

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: several

text: international

text: organisations

text: including

text: UNESCO

text: the

text: Organisation

text: for

text: Economic

text: Co

text: operation

text: and

text: Development

text: the

text: International

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: the

text: Paris

text: Club

text: the

text: European

text: Space

text: Agency

text: the

text: International

text: Energy

text: Agency

text: the

text: Organisation

text: internationale

text: de

text: la

text: Francophonie

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Institute

text: for

text: Security

text: Studies

text: the

text: International

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Weights

text: and

text: Measures

text: the

text: International

text: Exhibition

text: Bureau

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Federation

text: for

text: Human

text: Rights

question: Where is the headquarters for UNESCO?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Where is the head quarters for the International Federation for Human Rights?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Where is the head quarters for the European Space Agency?

answer: Paris

text: Paris


text: Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with an exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature. Hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve uranium, but non-oxidizing acids other than hydrochloric acid attack the element very slowly. When finely divided, it can react with cold water; in air, uranium metal becomes coated with a dark layer of uranium oxide. Uranium in ores is extracted chemically and converted into uranium dioxide or other chemical forms usable in industry.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: Uranium

text: metal

text: reacts

text: with

text: almost

text: all

text: non

text: metal

text: elements

text: with

text: an

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: noble

text: gases

text: and

text: their

text: compounds

text: with

text: reactivity

text: increasing

text: with

text: temperature

text: Hydrochloric

text: and

text: nitric

text: acids

text: dissolve

text: uranium

text: but

text: non

text: oxidizing

text: acids

text: other

text: than

text: hydrochloric

text: acid

text: attack

text: the

text: element

text: very

text: slowly

text: When

text: finely

text: divided

text: it

text: can

text: react

text: with

text: cold

text: water

text: in

text: air

text: uranium

text: metal

text: becomes

text: coated

text: with

text: a

text: dark

text: layer

text: of

text: uranium

text: oxide

text: Uranium

text: in

text: ores

text: is

text: extracted

text: chemically

text: and

text: converted

text: into

text: uranium

text: dioxide

text: or

text: other

text: chemical

text: forms

text: usable

text: in

text: industry

question: What non-metal elements does uranium notably not react to?

answer: noble gases

text: noble gases

question: What coats uranium metal in air?

answer: uranium oxide

text: uranium oxide

question: Along with nitric acids, what acids dissolve uranium?

answer: Hydrochloric

text: Hydrochloric

question: What is a notable form uranium ore is converted into after extraction?

answer: uranium dioxide

text: uranium dioxide

question: What reacts with finely divided uranium?

answer: cold water

text: cold water


text: Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah.

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine

text: Imamah

text: Arabic

text: إمامة

text: is

text: the

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: doctrine

text: belief

text: of

text: religious

text: spiritual

text: and

text: political

text: leadership

text: of

text: the

text: Ummah

text: The

text: Shia

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: Imams

text: are

text: the

text: true

text: Caliphs

text: or

text: rightful

text: successors

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: and

text: further

text: that

text: Imams

text: are

text: possessed

text: of

text: divine

text: knowledge

text: and

text: authority

text: Ismah

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ahl

text: al

text: Bayt

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: These

text: Imams

text: have

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: providing

text: commentary

text: and

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: guidance

text: to

text: their

text: tariqa

text: followers

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: living

text: Imams

text: of

text: the

text: Nizari

text: Ismaili

text: tariqah

question: Who do the Shia believe are the rightful successors of Muhammad?

answer: Imams

text: Imams

question: What is the Shia Islam doctrine of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah?

answer: Imamah

text: Imamah

question: Who do the Iamas provide guidance to?

answer: their tariqa followers

text: their tariqa followers

question: What are Imams possessed of?

answer: divine knowledge and authority

text: divine knowledge and authority

question: Whose family are the Ahl al-Bayt a part of?

answer: Muhammad

text: Muhammad

question: What is the Shia Islam doctrine called?

answer: Imamah

text: Imamah

question: Who do the Shia believe are the true successors of Muhammad?

answer: Imams

text: Imams

question: What is the role of Imams?

answer: providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran

text: providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran

question: Who do the Shia believe are possessed of divine knowledge and authority?

answer: Imams

text: Imams


text: Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Despite

text: occasional

text: theoretical

text: diversity

text: the

text: actual

text: practice

text: of

text: translation

text: has

text: hardly

text: changed

text: since

text: antiquity

text: Except

text: for

text: some

text: extreme

text: metaphrasers

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: adapters

text: in

text: various

text: periods

text: especially

text: pre

text: Classical

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: century

text: translators

text: have

text: generally

text: shown

text: prudent

text: flexibility

text: in

text: seeking

text: equivalents

text: literal

text: where

text: possible

text: paraphrastic

text: where

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: original

text: meaning

text: and

text: other

text: crucial

text: values

text: e.g.

text: style

text: verse

text: form

text: concordance

text: with

text: musical

text: accompaniment

text: or

text: in

text: films

text: with

text: speech

text: articulatory

text: movements

text: as

text: determined

text: from

text: context

question: How much has translation changed since antiquity?

answer: hardly

text: hardly

question: What have general been prudent about?

answer: seeking equivalents

text: seeking equivalents

question: For crucial values, what type of values do translators use where possible?

answer: literal

text: literal

question: What kind of diversity has the practice of translation had?

answer: theoretical

text: theoretical

question: When were there some extreme metaphrasers?

answer: early Christian period and the Middle Ages

text: early Christian period and the Middle Ages


text: Most wrestling matches last for a set number of falls, with the first side to achieve the majority number of pinfalls, submissions, or countouts being the winner. Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5"). The standard for modern matches is one fall. However, even though it is now standard, many announcers will explicitly state this (e.g. "The following contest is set for one fall with a 20-minute time limit"). These matches are given a time limit; if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw. Modern matches are generally given a 10- to 30-minute time limit for standard matches; title matches can go for up to one hour. British wrestling matches held under Admiral-Lord Mountevans rules are 2 out of 3 falls.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Most

text: wrestling

text: matches

text: last

text: for

text: a

text: set

text: number

text: of

text: falls

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: side

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: majority

text: number

text: of

text: pinfalls

text: submissions

text: or

text: countouts

text: being

text: the

text: winner

text: Historically

text: matches

text: were

text: wrestled

text: to

text: falls

text: best

text: out

text: of

text: or

text: falls

text: best

text: out

text: of

text: The

text: standard

text: for

text: modern

text: matches

text: is

text: one

text: fall

text: However

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: standard

text: many

text: announcers

text: will

text: explicitly

text: state

text: this

text: e.g.

text: The

text: following

text: contest

text: is

text: set

text: for

text: one

text: fall

text: with

text: a

text: time

text: limit

text: These

text: matches

text: are

text: given

text: a

text: time

text: limit

text: if

text: not

text: enough

text: falls

text: are

text: scored

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: limit

text: the

text: match

text: is

text: declared

text: a

text: draw

text: Modern

text: matches

text: are

text: generally

text: given

text: a

text: to

text: time

text: limit

text: for

text: standard

text: matches

text: title

text: matches

text: can

text: go

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: one

text: hour

text: British

text: wrestling

text: matches

text: held

text: under

text: Admiral

text: Lord

text: Mountevans

text: rules

text: are

text: out

text: of

text: falls

question: Who wins in a wrestling match?

answer: the first side to achieve the majority number of pinfalls, submissions, or countouts being the winner.

text: the first side to achieve the majority number of pinfalls, submissions, or countouts being the winner.

question: How could a wrestler win in the past?

answer: Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5").

text: Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5").

question: How can a wrestler win in modern times?

answer: The standard for modern matches is one fall.

text: The standard for modern matches is one fall.

question: In what instance will a match be declared a draw?

answer: if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw.

text: if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw.

question: How long can a title match be?

answer: title matches can go for up to one hour

text: title matches can go for up to one hour


text: Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated Han in Liaodong differently according to how much grain they had, those with less than 5 to 7 sin were treated like chattel while those with more than that amount were rewarded with property. Due to a revolt by Han in Liaodong in 1623, Nurhachi, who previously gave concessions to conquered Han subjects in Liaodong, turned against them and ordered that they no longer be trusted; He enacted discriminatory policies and killings against them, while ordering that Han who assimilated to the Jurchen (in Jilin) before 1619 be treated equally as Jurchens were and not like the conquered Han in Liaodong. Hong Taiji instead incorporated them into the Jurchen "nation" as full (if not first-class) citizens, obligated to provide military service. By 1648, less than one-sixth of the bannermen were of Manchu ancestry. This change of policy not only increased Hong Taiji's manpower and reduced his military dependence on banners not under his personal control, it also greatly encouraged other Han Chinese subjects of the Ming dynasty to surrender and accept Jurchen rule when they were defeated militarily. Through these and other measures Hong Taiji was able to centralize power unto the office of the Khan, which in the long run prevented the Jurchen federation from fragmenting after his death.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: bureaucracy

text: was

text: staffed

text: with

text: many

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: including

text: many

text: newly

text: surrendered

text: Ming

text: officials

text: The

text: Manchus

text: continued

text: dominance

text: was

text: ensured

text: by

text: an

text: ethnic

text: quota

text: for

text: top

text: bureaucratic

text: appointments

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: reign

text: also

text: saw

text: a

text: fundamental

text: change

text: of

text: policy

text: towards

text: his

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: subjects

text: Nurhaci

text: had

text: treated

text: Han

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: differently

text: according

text: to

text: how

text: much

text: grain

text: they

text: had

text: those

text: with

text: less

text: than

text: to

text: sin

text: were

text: treated

text: like

text: chattel

text: while

text: those

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: that

text: amount

text: were

text: rewarded

text: with

text: property

text: Due

text: to

text: a

text: revolt

text: by

text: Han

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: in

text: Nurhachi

text: who

text: previously

text: gave

text: concessions

text: to

text: conquered

text: Han

text: subjects

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: turned

text: against

text: them

text: and

text: ordered

text: that

text: they

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: trusted

text: He

text: enacted

text: discriminatory

text: policies

text: and

text: killings

text: against

text: them

text: while

text: ordering

text: that

text: Han

text: who

text: assimilated

text: to

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: in

text: Jilin

text: before

text: be

text: treated

text: equally

text: as

text: Jurchens

text: were

text: and

text: not

text: like

text: the

text: conquered

text: Han

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: instead

text: incorporated

text: them

text: into

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: nation

text: as

text: full

text: if

text: not

text: first

text: class

text: citizens

text: obligated

text: to

text: provide

text: military

text: service

text: By

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: sixth

text: of

text: the

text: bannermen

text: were

text: of

text: Manchu

text: ancestry

text: This

text: change

text: of

text: policy

text: not

text: only

text: increased

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: manpower

text: and

text: reduced

text: his

text: military

text: dependence

text: on

text: banners

text: not

text: under

text: his

text: personal

text: control

text: it

text: also

text: greatly

text: encouraged

text: other

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: subjects

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: to

text: surrender

text: and

text: accept

text: Jurchen

text: rule

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: militarily

text: Through

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: measures

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: centralize

text: power

text: unto

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: the

text: Khan

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: prevented

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: federation

text: from

text: fragmenting

text: after

text: his

text: death

question: Who included newly conquered Ming officials in his government?

answer: Hong Taiji

text: Hong Taiji

question: When did a Han revolt occur?

answer: 1623

question: Where did a Han revolt occur?

answer: Liaodong

text: Liaodong

question: What proportion of bannerman were Manchu by 1648?

answer: one-sixth

text: one-sixth


text: In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: In

text: late

text: Viacom

text: 's

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: acquired

text: DreamWorks

text: SKG

text: after

text: acquisition

text: talks

text: between

text: GE

text: and

text: DreamWorks

text: stalled

text: Universal

text: 's

text: long

text: time

text: chairperson

text: Stacey

text: Snider

text: left

text: the

text: company

text: in

text: early

text: to

text: head

text: up

text: DreamWorks

text: Snider

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: then

text: Vice

text: Chairman

text: Marc

text: Shmuger

text: and

text: Focus

text: Features

text: head

text: David

text: Linde

text: On

text: October

text: Marc

text: Shmuger

text: and

text: David

text: Linde

text: were

text: ousted

text: and

text: their

text: co

text: chairperson

text: jobs

text: consolidated

text: under

text: former

text: president

text: of

text: worldwide

text: marketing

text: and

text: distribution

text: Adam

text: Fogelson

text: becoming

text: the

text: single

text: chairperson

text: Donna

text: Langley

text: was

text: also

text: upped

text: to

text: co

text: chairperson

text: In

text: Stephanie

text: Sperber

text: founded

text: Universal

text: Partnerships

text: Licensing

text: within

text: Universal

text: to

text: license

text: consumer

text: products

text: for

text: Universal

text: In

text: September

text: Adam

text: Fogelson

text: was

text: ousted

text: as

text: co

text: chairman

text: of

text: Universal

text: Pictures

text: promoting

text: Donna

text: Langley

text: to

text: sole

text: chairman

text: In

text: addition

text: NBCUniversal

text: International

text: Chairman

text: Jeff

text: Shell

text: would

text: be

text: appointed

text: as

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: created

text: Filmed

text: Entertainment

text: Group

text: Longtime

text: studio

text: head

text: Ron

text: Meyer

text: would

text: give

text: up

text: oversight

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: studio

text: and

text: appointed

text: Vice

text: Chairman

text: of

text: NBCUniversal

text: providing

text: consultation

text: to

text: CEO

text: Steve

text: Burke

text: on

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: operations

text: Meyers

text: still

text: retains

text: oversight

text: of

text: Universal

text: Parks

text: and

text: Resorts

question: In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?

answer: 2005

question: What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006?

answer: Stacey Snider

text: Stacey Snider

question: Who became the chairperson in late 2009?

answer: Adam Fogelson

text: Adam Fogelson

question: Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?

answer: Stephanie Sperber

text: Stephanie Sperber

question: Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?

answer: Donna Langley

text: Donna Langley


text: According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture. During the Industrial Revolution many of these children moved from farm work to factory work. Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation. Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard said that British and American children of the pre- and post-Industrial Revolution lived and suffered in infinitely worse conditions where jobs were not available for them and went "voluntarily and gladly" to work in factories.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: According

text: to

text: Milton

text: Friedman

text: before

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: virtually

text: all

text: children

text: worked

text: in

text: agriculture

text: During

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: children

text: moved

text: from

text: farm

text: work

text: to

text: factory

text: work

text: Over

text: time

text: as

text: real

text: wages

text: rose

text: parents

text: became

text: able

text: to

text: afford

text: to

text: send

text: their

text: children

text: to

text: school

text: instead

text: of

text: work

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: child

text: labour

text: declined

text: both

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: legislation

text: Austrian

text: School

text: economist

text: Murray

text: Rothbard

text: said

text: that

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: children

text: of

text: the

text: pre-

text: and

text: post

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: lived

text: and

text: suffered

text: in

text: infinitely

text: worse

text: conditions

text: where

text: jobs

text: were

text: not

text: available

text: for

text: them

text: and

text: went

text: voluntarily

text: and

text: gladly

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: factories

question: Where did children work prior to the Industrial Revolution?

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

question: How many children worked?

answer: virtually all

text: virtually all

question: Where did children go to work after doing farm work for so long?

answer: factory work

text: factory work

question: What did parents do when the wages were finally raised?

answer: send their children to school instead of work

text: send their children to school instead of work


text: A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France. Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[N] In 987 the Carolingian dynasty was replaced in the western lands, with the crowning of Hugh Capet (r. 987–996) as king.[O][P] In the eastern lands the dynasty had died out earlier, in 911, with the death of Louis the Child, and the selection of the unrelated Conrad I (r. 911–918) as king.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: A

text: three

text: year

text: civil

text: war

text: followed

text: his

text: death

text: By

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Verdun

text: a

text: kingdom

text: between

text: the

text: Rhine

text: and

text: Rhone

text: rivers

text: was

text: created

text: for

text: Lothair

text: to

text: go

text: with

text: his

text: lands

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: his

text: imperial

text: title

text: was

text: recognised

text: Louis

text: the

text: German

text: was

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: lands

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Germany

text: Charles

text: the

text: Bald

text: received

text: the

text: western

text: Frankish

text: lands

text: comprising

text: most

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: Charlemagne

text: 's

text: grandsons

text: and

text: great

text: grandsons

text: divided

text: their

text: kingdoms

text: between

text: their

text: descendants

text: eventually

text: causing

text: all

text: internal

text: cohesion

text: to

text: be

text: lost.[N

text: In

text: the

text: Carolingian

text: dynasty

text: was

text: replaced

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: lands

text: with

text: the

text: crowning

text: of

text: Hugh

text: Capet

text: r.

text: as

text: king.[O][P

text: In

text: the

text: eastern

text: lands

text: the

text: dynasty

text: had

text: died

text: out

text: earlier

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Louis

text: the

text: Child

text: and

text: the

text: selection

text: of

text: the

text: unrelated

text: Conrad

text: I

text: r.

text: as

text: king

question: How many years did the civil war after the death of Louis the Pious last?

answer: three

text: three

question: Between what two rivers did Lothair receive a kingdom?

answer: the Rhine and Rhone

text: the Rhine and Rhone

question: In what modern country were Louis the German's lands?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: In what modern country were Charles the Bald's lands?

answer: France

text: France

question: When did Louis the Child die?

answer: 911


text: Nigeria has a varied landscape. The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year. In the southeast stands the Obudu Plateau. Coastal plains are found in both the southwest and the southeast. This forest zone's most southerly portion is defined as "salt water swamp," also known as a mangrove swamp because of the large amount of mangroves in the area. North of this is fresh water swamp, containing different vegetation from the salt water swamp, and north of that is rain forest.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: has

text: a

text: varied

text: landscape

text: The

text: far

text: south

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: tropical

text: rainforest

text: climate

text: where

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: is

text: to

text: inches

text: to

text: mm

text: a

text: year

text: In

text: the

text: southeast

text: stands

text: the

text: Obudu

text: Plateau

text: Coastal

text: plains

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: southeast

text: This

text: forest

text: zone

text: 's

text: most

text: southerly

text: portion

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: salt

text: water

text: swamp

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: mangrove

text: swamp

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: mangroves

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: North

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: fresh

text: water

text: swamp

text: containing

text: different

text: vegetation

text: from

text: the

text: salt

text: water

text: swamp

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: that

text: is

text: rain

text: forest

question: How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year?

answer: 60 to 80 inches

text: 60 to 80 inches

question: What type of climate is southern Nigeria?

answer: tropical rainforest

text: tropical rainforest

question: What part of Nigeria is the Obudu Plateau in?

answer: southeast

text: southeast

question: What is Nigeria's northernmost climate?

answer: rain forest

text: rain forest


text: Throughout history, many rulers, empires and nations have oppressed their Jewish populations or sought to eliminate them entirely. Methods employed ranged from expulsion to outright genocide; within nations, often the threat of these extreme methods was sufficient to silence dissent. The history of antisemitism includes the First Crusade which resulted in the massacre of Jews; the Spanish Inquisition (led by Tomás de Torquemada) and the Portuguese Inquisition, with their persecution and autos-da-fé against the New Christians and Marrano Jews; the Bohdan Chmielnicki Cossack massacres in Ukraine; the Pogroms backed by the Russian Tsars; as well as expulsions from Spain, Portugal, England, France, Germany, and other countries in which the Jews had settled. According to a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8% of the modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry, indicating that the number of conversos may have been much higher than originally thought.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Throughout

text: history

text: many

text: rulers

text: empires

text: and

text: nations

text: have

text: oppressed

text: their

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: or

text: sought

text: to

text: eliminate

text: them

text: entirely

text: Methods

text: employed

text: ranged

text: from

text: expulsion

text: to

text: outright

text: genocide

text: within

text: nations

text: often

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: these

text: extreme

text: methods

text: was

text: sufficient

text: to

text: silence

text: dissent

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: antisemitism

text: includes

text: the

text: First

text: Crusade

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: massacre

text: of

text: Jews

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Inquisition

text: led

text: by

text: Tomás

text: de

text: Torquemada

text: and

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Inquisition

text: with

text: their

text: persecution

text: and

text: autos

text: da

text: fé

text: against

text: the

text: New

text: Christians

text: and

text: Marrano

text: Jews

text: the

text: Bohdan

text: Chmielnicki

text: Cossack

text: massacres

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: the

text: Pogroms

text: backed

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: Tsars

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: expulsions

text: from

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: England

text: France

text: Germany

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Jews

text: had

text: settled

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Journal

text: of

text: Human

text: Genetics

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: Iberian

text: population

text: has

text: Sephardic

text: Jewish

text: ancestry

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: conversos

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: much

text: higher

text: than

text: originally

text: thought

question: What was one method used to entirely eliminate Jewish populations?

answer: expulsion

text: expulsion

question: What resulted in the massacre of Jews?

answer: First Crusade

text: First Crusade

question: Who led the Spanish Inquisition?

answer: Tomás de Torquemada

text: Tomás de Torquemada

question: According to the American Journal of Human Genetics, what percentage of modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry?

answer: 19.8%


text: The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda). Numerous celebrity files concern threats or extortion attempts against them (Sonny Bono, John Denver, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Groucho Marx, and Frank Sinatra).

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: has

text: maintained

text: files

text: on

text: numerous

text: people

text: including

text: celebrities

text: such

text: as

text: Elvis

text: Presley

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: John

text: Denver

text: John

text: Lennon

text: Jane

text: Fonda

text: Groucho

text: Marx

text: Charlie

text: Chaplin

text: the

text: band

text: Lou

text: Costello

text: Sonny

text: Bono

text: Bob

text: Dylan

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: and

text: Mickey

text: Mantle

text: The

text: files

text: were

text: collected

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: subjects

text: were

text: investigated

text: for

text: alleged

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: Communist

text: party

text: Charlie

text: Chaplin

text: and

text: Groucho

text: Marx

text: or

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: antiwar

text: activities

text: during

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: John

text: Denver

text: John

text: Lennon

text: and

text: Jane

text: Fonda

text: Numerous

text: celebrity

text: files

text: concern

text: threats

text: or

text: extortion

text: attempts

text: against

text: them

text: Sonny

text: Bono

text: John

text: Denver

text: John

text: Lennon

text: Elvis

text: Presley

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: Mickey

text: Mantle

text: Groucho

text: Marx

text: and

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

question: Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?

answer: including celebrities such as Elvis Presley

text: including celebrities such as Elvis Presley

question: What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?

answer: antiwar activities

text: antiwar activities

question: What kinds of treats were celebrities receiving?

answer: threats or extortion attempts

text: threats or extortion attempts

question: What party was the FBI concerned with?

answer: Communist party

text: Communist party


text: Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish Pomerania, and blockaded its capital Stralsund. George II of Great Britain, on the advice of his British ministers, revoked the Convention of Klosterzeven, and Hanover reentered the war. Over the winter the new commander of the Hanoverian forces, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine. The British had suffered further defeats in North America, particularly at Fort William Henry. At home, however, stability had been established. Since 1756, successive governments led by Newcastle and Pitt had fallen. In August 1757, the two men agreed to a political partnership and formed a coalition government that gave new, firmer direction to the war effort. The new strategy emphasised both Newcastle's commitment to British involvement on the Continent, particularly in defence of Germany, and William Pitt's determination to use naval power to seize French colonies around the globe. This "dual strategy" would dominate British policy for the next five years.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Calculating

text: that

text: no

text: further

text: Russian

text: advance

text: was

text: likely

text: until

text: Frederick

text: moved

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: his

text: eastern

text: forces

text: to

text: Pomerania

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Marshal

text: Lehwaldt

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: to

text: repel

text: the

text: Swedish

text: invasion

text: In

text: short

text: order

text: the

text: Prussian

text: army

text: drove

text: the

text: Swedes

text: back

text: occupied

text: most

text: of

text: Swedish

text: Pomerania

text: and

text: blockaded

text: its

text: capital

text: Stralsund

text: George

text: II

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: his

text: British

text: ministers

text: revoked

text: the

text: Convention

text: of

text: Klosterzeven

text: and

text: Hanover

text: reentered

text: the

text: war

text: Over

text: the

text: winter

text: the

text: new

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Hanoverian

text: forces

text: Duke

text: Ferdinand

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: regrouped

text: his

text: army

text: and

text: launched

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: offensives

text: that

text: drove

text: the

text: French

text: back

text: across

text: the

text: River

text: Rhine

text: The

text: British

text: had

text: suffered

text: further

text: defeats

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: particularly

text: at

text: Fort

text: William

text: Henry

text: At

text: home

text: however

text: stability

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: Since

text: successive

text: governments

text: led

text: by

text: Newcastle

text: and

text: Pitt

text: had

text: fallen

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: two

text: men

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: political

text: partnership

text: and

text: formed

text: a

text: coalition

text: government

text: that

text: gave

text: new

text: firmer

text: direction

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: The

text: new

text: strategy

text: emphasised

text: both

text: Newcastle

text: 's

text: commitment

text: to

text: British

text: involvement

text: on

text: the

text: Continent

text: particularly

text: in

text: defence

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: William

text: Pitt

text: 's

text: determination

text: to

text: use

text: naval

text: power

text: to

text: seize

text: French

text: colonies

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: This

text: dual

text: strategy

text: would

text: dominate

text: British

text: policy

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: five

text: years

question: Why did Ferdinand feel comfortable withdrawing troops from the eastern front?

answer: Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758

text: Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758

question: What was the result of Prussian resistance to Sweden?

answer: the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish Pomerania

text: the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish Pomerania

question: What area of Sweden was occupied by Prussia?

answer: occupied most of Swedish Pomerania

text: occupied most of Swedish Pomerania

question: What favorable developments occurred for Prussia in Hanover?

answer: Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine.

text: Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine.

question: What political development shaped the policy of the British?

answer: successive governments led by Newcastle and Pitt had fallen. In August 1757, the two men agreed to a political partnership and formed a coalition

text: successive governments led by Newcastle and Pitt had fallen. In August 1757, the two men agreed to a political partnership and formed a coalition


text: Lasers emitting in the green part of the spectrum are widely available to the general public in a wide range of output powers. Green laser pointers outputting at 532 nm (563.5 THz) are relatively inexpensive compared to other wavelengths of the same power, and are very popular due to their good beam quality and very high apparent brightness. The most common green lasers use diode pumped solid state (DPSS) technology to create the green light. An infrared laser diode at 808 nm is used to pump a crystal of neodymium-doped yttrium vanadium oxide (Nd:YVO4) or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) and induces it to emit 281.76 THz (1064 nm). This deeper infrared light is then passed through another crystal containing potassium, titanium and phosphorus (KTP), whose non-linear properties generate light at a frequency that is twice that of the incident beam (563.5 THz); in this case corresponding to the wavelength of 532 nm ("green"). Other green wavelengths are also available using DPSS technology ranging from 501 nm to 543 nm. Green wavelengths are also available from gas lasers, including the helium–neon laser (543 nm), the Argon-ion laser (514 nm) and the Krypton-ion laser (521 nm and 531 nm), as well as liquid dye lasers. Green lasers have a wide variety of applications, including pointing, illumination, surgery, laser light shows, spectroscopy, interferometry, fluorescence, holography, machine vision, non-lethal weapons and bird control.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Lasers

text: emitting

text: in

text: the

text: green

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: are

text: widely

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: output

text: powers

text: Green

text: laser

text: pointers

text: outputting

text: at

text: nm

text: THz

text: are

text: relatively

text: inexpensive

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: wavelengths

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: power

text: and

text: are

text: very

text: popular

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: good

text: beam

text: quality

text: and

text: very

text: high

text: apparent

text: brightness

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: green

text: lasers

text: use

text: diode

text: pumped

text: solid

text: state

text: DPSS

text: technology

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: green

text: light

text: An

text: infrared

text: laser

text: diode

text: at

text: nm

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: pump

text: a

text: crystal

text: of

text: neodymium

text: doped

text: yttrium

text: vanadium

text: oxide

text: Nd

text: or

text: neodymium

text: doped

text: yttrium

text: aluminium

text: garnet

text: Nd

text: YAG

text: and

text: induces

text: it

text: to

text: emit

text: THz

text: nm

text: This

text: deeper

text: infrared

text: light

text: is

text: then

text: passed

text: through

text: another

text: crystal

text: containing

text: potassium

text: titanium

text: and

text: phosphorus

text: KTP

text: whose

text: non

text: linear

text: properties

text: generate

text: light

text: at

text: a

text: frequency

text: that

text: is

text: twice

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: incident

text: beam

text: THz

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: wavelength

text: of

text: nm

text: green

text: Other

text: green

text: wavelengths

text: are

text: also

text: available

text: using

text: DPSS

text: technology

text: ranging

text: from

text: nm

text: to

text: nm

text: Green

text: wavelengths

text: are

text: also

text: available

text: from

text: gas

text: lasers

text: including

text: the

text: helium

text: neon

text: laser

text: nm

text: the

text: Argon

text: ion

text: laser

text: nm

text: and

text: the

text: Krypton

text: ion

text: laser

text: nm

text: and

text: nm

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: liquid

text: dye

text: lasers

text: Green

text: lasers

text: have

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: applications

text: including

text: pointing

text: illumination

text: surgery

text: laser

text: light

text: shows

text: spectroscopy

text: interferometry

text: fluorescence

text: holography

text: machine

text: vision

text: non

text: lethal

text: weapons

text: and

text: bird

text: control

question: Which color of lasers are widely available to the general public?

answer: green

text: green

question: What is the wavelength of inexpensive green lasers?

answer: 532 nm

text: 532 nm

question: What type of technology is used in the most common green lasers?

answer: diode pumped solid state

text: diode pumped solid state

question: What is the range of green wavelengths available when using DPSS technology?

answer: 501 nm to 543 nm

text: 501 nm to 543 nm


text: This may be managed directly on an individual basis, or by the assignment of individuals and privileges to groups, or (in the most elaborate models) through the assignment of individuals and groups to roles which are then granted entitlements. Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of it called "subschemas". For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data. If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases.

title: Database

title: Database

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: managed

text: directly

text: on

text: an

text: individual

text: basis

text: or

text: by

text: the

text: assignment

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: privileges

text: to

text: groups

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: elaborate

text: models

text: through

text: the

text: assignment

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: groups

text: to

text: roles

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: granted

text: entitlements

text: Data

text: security

text: prevents

text: unauthorized

text: users

text: from

text: viewing

text: or

text: updating

text: the

text: database

text: Using

text: passwords

text: users

text: are

text: allowed

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: entire

text: database

text: or

text: subsets

text: of

text: it

text: called

text: subschemas

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: employee

text: database

text: can

text: contain

text: all

text: the

text: data

text: about

text: an

text: individual

text: employee

text: but

text: one

text: group

text: of

text: users

text: may

text: be

text: authorized

text: to

text: view

text: only

text: payroll

text: data

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: allowed

text: access

text: to

text: only

text: work

text: history

text: and

text: medical

text: data

text: If

text: the

text: DBMS

text: provides

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: interactively

text: enter

text: and

text: update

text: the

text: database

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: interrogate

text: it

text: this

text: capability

text: allows

text: for

text: managing

text: personal

text: databases

question: What does data security avoid?

answer: unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database

text: unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database

question: What is a subset of a database called that can be accessed by using a password?

answer: subschemas

text: subschemas

question: What is possible when a DBMS interrogate and update a database?

answer: managing personal databases

text: managing personal databases


text: At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for "Halo", and Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. In 2010, Beyoncé was featured on Lady Gaga's single "Telephone" and its music video. The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992. "Telephone" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: At

text: the

text: Annual

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Beyoncé

text: received

text: ten

text: nominations

text: including

text: Album

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: for

text: I

text: Am

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: Record

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: for

text: Halo

text: and

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: for

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: Put

text: a

text: Ring

text: on

text: It

text: among

text: others

text: She

text: tied

text: with

text: Lauryn

text: Hill

text: for

text: most

text: Grammy

text: nominations

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: year

text: by

text: a

text: female

text: artist

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: was

text: featured

text: on

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: 's

text: single

text: Telephone

text: and

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: The

text: song

text: topped

text: the

text: US

text: Pop

text: Songs

text: chart

text: becoming

text: the

text: sixth

text: number

text: one

text: for

text: both

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Gaga

text: tying

text: them

text: with

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: for

text: most

text: number

text: ones

text: since

text: the

text: Nielsen

text: Top

text: airplay

text: chart

text: launched

text: in

text: Telephone

text: received

text: a

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: Best

text: Pop

text: Collaboration

text: with

text: Vocals

question: How many awards was Beyonce nominated for at the 52nd Grammy Awards?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Beyonce tied with which artist for most nominations by a female artist?

answer: Lauryn Hill

text: Lauryn Hill

question: In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer?

answer: Lady Gaga

text: Lady Gaga

question: How many number one singles did Beyonce now have after the song "Telephone"?

answer: six

text: six

question: Beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female?

answer: Mariah Carey

text: Mariah Carey

question: Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards?

answer: ten nominations

text: ten nominations

question: What song was the sixth first place song for Beyonce?

answer: Telephone

text: Telephone

question: Who else appeared with Beyonce in Telephone?

answer: Lady Gaga

text: Lady Gaga

question: Who did they tie with for six top songs?

answer: Mariah Carey

text: Mariah Carey

question: Who did Beyonce tie with for the most nominations in a year?

answer: Lauryn Hill

text: Lauryn Hill

question: How many nominations did Beyoncé receive at the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Who did Beyoncé tie with for the most Grammy nominations for female artists?

answer: Lauryn Hill

text: Lauryn Hill

question: Beyoncé was a featured artist on which singer's hit, Telephone?

answer: Lady Gaga

text: Lady Gaga

question: Who did Beyoncé and Lady Gaga tie with for the most number one hits since 1992?

answer: Mariah Carey

text: Mariah Carey