text: Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himself with oxen and plough; what lay within was the earthly home and protectorate of the gods of the state. In Rome, the central references for the establishment of an augural templum appear to have been the Via Sacra (Sacred Way) and the pomerium. Magistrates sought divine opinion of proposed official acts through an augur, who read the divine will through observations made within the templum before, during and after an act of sacrifice. Divine disapproval could arise through unfit sacrifice, errant rites (vitium) or an unacceptable plan of action. If an unfavourable sign was given, the magistrate could repeat the sacrifice until favourable signs were seen, consult with his augural colleagues, or abandon the project. Magistrates could use their right of augury (ius augurum) to adjourn and overturn the process of law, but were obliged to base their decision on the augur's observations and advice. For Cicero, himself an augur, this made the augur the most powerful authority in the Late Republic. By his time (mid 1st century BC) augury was supervised by the college of pontifices, whose powers were increasingly woven into the magistracies of the cursus honorum.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Public

text: religion

text: took

text: place

text: within

text: a

text: sacred

text: precinct

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: marked

text: out

text: ritually

text: by

text: an

text: augur

text: The

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: templum

text: was

text: this

text: sacred

text: space

text: and

text: only

text: later

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: building

text: Rome

text: itself

text: was

text: an

text: intrinsically

text: sacred

text: space

text: its

text: ancient

text: boundary

text: pomerium

text: had

text: been

text: marked

text: by

text: Romulus

text: himself

text: with

text: oxen

text: and

text: plough

text: what

text: lay

text: within

text: was

text: the

text: earthly

text: home

text: and

text: protectorate

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: Rome

text: the

text: central

text: references

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: an

text: augural

text: templum

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: Via

text: Sacra

text: Sacred

text: Way

text: and

text: the

text: pomerium

text: Magistrates

text: sought

text: divine

text: opinion

text: of

text: proposed

text: official

text: acts

text: through

text: an

text: augur

text: who

text: read

text: the

text: divine

text: will

text: through

text: observations

text: made

text: within

text: the

text: templum

text: before

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: sacrifice

text: Divine

text: disapproval

text: could

text: arise

text: through

text: unfit

text: sacrifice

text: errant

text: rites

text: vitium

text: or

text: an

text: unacceptable

text: plan

text: of

text: action

text: If

text: an

text: unfavourable

text: sign

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: magistrate

text: could

text: repeat

text: the

text: sacrifice

text: until

text: favourable

text: signs

text: were

text: seen

text: consult

text: with

text: his

text: augural

text: colleagues

text: or

text: abandon

text: the

text: project

text: Magistrates

text: could

text: use

text: their

text: right

text: of

text: augury

text: ius

text: augurum

text: to

text: adjourn

text: and

text: overturn

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: law

text: but

text: were

text: obliged

text: to

text: base

text: their

text: decision

text: on

text: the

text: augur

text: 's

text: observations

text: and

text: advice

text: For

text: Cicero

text: himself

text: an

text: augur

text: this

text: made

text: the

text: augur

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: authority

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Republic

text: By

text: his

text: time

text: mid

text: century

text: BC

text: augury

text: was

text: supervised

text: by

text: the

text: college

text: of

text: pontifices

text: whose

text: powers

text: were

text: increasingly

text: woven

text: into

text: the

text: magistracies

text: of

text: the

text: cursus

text: honorum

question: In what area did public rites take place in Rome?

answer: sacred precinct

text: sacred precinct

question: What person marked the religious area ritually?

answer: augur

text: augur

question: What was the original meaning of the templum in Latin?

answer: sacred space

text: sacred space

question: Who designated the first boundary of Rome?

answer: Romulus

text: Romulus

question: What did augers seek to understand through observances?

answer: divine will

text: divine will


text: A converse popular image arose of British people in the Second World War: a collection of people locked in national solidarity. This image entered the historiography of the Second World War in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991). It was evoked by both the right and left political factions in Britain during the Falklands War when it was embedded in a nostalgic narrative in which the Second World War represented aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy. This imagery of people in the Blitz was and is powerfully portrayed in film, radio, newspapers and magazines. At the time it was a useful propaganda tool for home and foreign consumption. Historians' critical response to this construction focused on what were seen as over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity. In the Myth of the Blitz, Calder exposed some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours. What he saw as the myth—serene national unity—became "historical truth". In particular, class division was most evident.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: A

text: converse

text: popular

text: image

text: arose

text: of

text: British

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: people

text: locked

text: in

text: national

text: solidarity

text: This

text: image

text: entered

text: the

text: historiography

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: especially

text: after

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: Angus

text: Calder

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Myth

text: of

text: the

text: Blitz

text: It

text: was

text: evoked

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: right

text: and

text: left

text: political

text: factions

text: in

text: Britain

text: during

text: the

text: Falklands

text: War

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: embedded

text: in

text: a

text: nostalgic

text: narrative

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: represented

text: aggressive

text: British

text: patriotism

text: successfully

text: defending

text: democracy

text: This

text: imagery

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Blitz

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: powerfully

text: portrayed

text: in

text: film

text: radio

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: useful

text: propaganda

text: tool

text: for

text: home

text: and

text: foreign

text: consumption

text: Historians

text: critical

text: response

text: to

text: this

text: construction

text: focused

text: on

text: what

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: over

text: emphasised

text: claims

text: of

text: righteous

text: nationalism

text: and

text: national

text: unity

text: In

text: the

text: Myth

text: of

text: the

text: Blitz

text: Calder

text: exposed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: counter

text: evidence

text: of

text: anti

text: social

text: and

text: divisive

text: behaviours

text: What

text: he

text: saw

text: as

text: the

text: myth

text: serene

text: national

text: unity

text: became

text: historical

text: truth

text: In

text: particular

text: class

text: division

text: was

text: most

text: evident

question: What view became popular of the British people in WWII?

answer: people locked in national solidarity.

text: people locked in national solidarity.

question: When did this popular view come to be?

answer: in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991).

text: in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991).

question: Political factions in Britain supported what view of Britains in WWII?

answer: aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy.

text: aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy.

question: What was the Historians' critical response to this view?

answer: over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity.

text: over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity.

question: What did Calder try to expose in his book?

answer: some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours

text: some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours


text: The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design. The rifle had a range of only 600 m (2,000 ft) and lacked the rubber breech seal that permitted aimed shots. The deficiencies of the needle gun were more than compensated for by the famous Krupp 6-pounder (3 kg) steel breech-loading cannons being issued to Prussian artillery batteries. Firing a contact-detonated shell, the Krupp gun had a longer range and a higher rate of fire than the French bronze muzzle loading cannon, which relied on faulty time fuses.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: army

text: was

text: still

text: equipped

text: with

text: the

text: Dreyse

text: needle

text: gun

text: of

text: Battle

text: of

text: Königgrätz

text: fame

text: which

text: was

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: showing

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: its

text: old

text: design

text: The

text: rifle

text: had

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: only

text: m

text: ft

text: and

text: lacked

text: the

text: rubber

text: breech

text: seal

text: that

text: permitted

text: aimed

text: shots

text: The

text: deficiencies

text: of

text: the

text: needle

text: gun

text: were

text: more

text: than

text: compensated

text: for

text: by

text: the

text: famous

text: Krupp

text: kg

text: steel

text: breech

text: loading

text: cannons

text: being

text: issued

text: to

text: Prussian

text: artillery

text: batteries

text: Firing

text: a

text: contact

text: detonated

text: shell

text: the

text: Krupp

text: gun

text: had

text: a

text: longer

text: range

text: and

text: a

text: higher

text: rate

text: of

text: fire

text: than

text: the

text: French

text: bronze

text: muzzle

text: loading

text: cannon

text: which

text: relied

text: on

text: faulty

text: time

text: fuses

question: In which battle did the Dreyse needle gun gain its fame?

answer: Battle of Königgrätz

text: Battle of Königgrätz

question: At the start of the Franco-Prussian War, what was the age of the Dreyse gun's design?

answer: 25-year-old design

text: 25-year-old design

question: What was the Dreyse rifle's tactical range?

answer: 600 m (2,000 ft)

text: 600 m (2,000 ft)

question: What was the name of the famous cannon issued to Prussian soldiers at the time?

answer: Krupp

text: Krupp

question: What type of shell did the Krupp weapon fire?

answer: a contact-detonated shell

text: a contact-detonated shell


text: Submission was initially a large factor in professional wrestling, but following the decline of the submission-oriented catch-as-catch-can style from mainstream professional wrestling, the submission largely faded until the rise of the legitimate sport of mixed martial arts. Despite this, some wrestlers, such as Chris Jericho, The Undertaker, Ric Flair, Bret Hart, Kurt Angle, Ken Shamrock, Dean Malenko, Chris Benoit, and Tazz, became famous for winning matches via submission. A wrestler with a signature submission technique is portrayed as better at applying the hold, making it more painful or more difficult to get out of than others who use it, or can be falsely credited as inventing the hold (such as when Tazz popularized the kata ha jime judo choke in pro wrestling as the "Tazzmission").

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Submission

text: was

text: initially

text: a

text: large

text: factor

text: in

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: but

text: following

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: submission

text: oriented

text: catch

text: as

text: catch

text: can

text: style

text: from

text: mainstream

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: the

text: submission

text: largely

text: faded

text: until

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: legitimate

text: sport

text: of

text: mixed

text: martial

text: arts

text: Despite

text: this

text: some

text: wrestlers

text: such

text: as

text: Chris

text: Jericho

text: The

text: Undertaker

text: Ric

text: Flair

text: Bret

text: Hart

text: Kurt

text: Angle

text: Ken

text: Shamrock

text: Dean

text: Malenko

text: Chris

text: Benoit

text: and

text: Tazz

text: became

text: famous

text: for

text: winning

text: matches

text: via

text: submission

text: A

text: wrestler

text: with

text: a

text: signature

text: submission

text: technique

text: is

text: portrayed

text: as

text: better

text: at

text: applying

text: the

text: hold

text: making

text: it

text: more

text: painful

text: or

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: get

text: out

text: of

text: than

text: others

text: who

text: use

text: it

text: or

text: can

text: be

text: falsely

text: credited

text: as

text: inventing

text: the

text: hold

text: such

text: as

text: when

text: Tazz

text: popularized

text: the

text: kata

text: ha

text: jime

text: judo

text: choke

text: in

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: as

text: the

text: Tazzmission

question: Several well-known wrestlers were famous for winning with a move called what?

answer: submission

text: submission

question: What move did Tazz make popular?

answer: Tazzmission

text: Tazzmission

question: What legitimate sport related to wrestling began to become popular?

answer: mixed martial arts

text: mixed martial arts


text: In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: Congregational

text: and

text: Presbyterian

text: churches

text: which

text: profess

text: a

text: traditionally

text: Calvinist

text: or

text: Reformed

text: theology

text: there

text: are

text: differing

text: views

text: regarding

text: present

text: day

text: continuation

text: or

text: cessation

text: of

text: the

text: gifts

text: charismata

text: of

text: the

text: Spirit

text: Generally

text: however

text: Reformed

text: charismatics

text: distance

text: themselves

text: from

text: renewal

text: movements

text: with

text: tendencies

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: perceived

text: as

text: overemotional

text: such

text: as

text: Word

text: of

text: Faith

text: Toronto

text: Blessing

text: Brownsville

text: Revival

text: and

text: Lakeland

text: Revival

text: Prominent

text: Reformed

text: charismatic

text: denominations

text: are

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: Grace

text: Churches

text: and

text: the

text: Every

text: Nation

text: Churches

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: Newfrontiers

text: churches

text: and

text: movement

text: which

text: leading

text: figure

text: is

text: Terry

text: Virgo

question: Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?

answer: Terry Virgo

text: Terry Virgo

question: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid?

answer: overemotional

text: overemotional

question: Where is Every Nations Churches located?

answer: USA

text: USA

question: What is a name for gifts of the Spirit?

answer: charismata

text: charismata

question: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional.

answer: Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival

text: Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival


text: The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture which expanded along the western European coasts during the Neolithic and Calcolithic eras. Thousands of Megalithic tumuli are distributed throughout the country, but mostly along the coastal areas. Within each tumulus is a stone burial chamber known locally as anta (dolmen), frequently preceded by a corridor. Galicia was later fully affected by the Bell Beaker culture. While its rich mineral deposits - tin and gold - led to the development of Bronze Age metallurgy, and to the commerce of bronze and gold items all along the Atlantic façade of Western Europe, where a common elite's culture evolved during the Atlantic Bronze Age.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: oldest

text: attestation

text: of

text: human

text: presence

text: in

text: Galicia

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Eirós

text: Cave

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Triacastela

text: which

text: has

text: preserved

text: animal

text: remains

text: and

text: Neanderthal

text: stone

text: objects

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Paleolithic

text: The

text: earliest

text: culture

text: to

text: have

text: left

text: significant

text: architectural

text: traces

text: is

text: the

text: Megalithic

text: culture

text: which

text: expanded

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: European

text: coasts

text: during

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: and

text: Calcolithic

text: eras

text: Thousands

text: of

text: Megalithic

text: tumuli

text: are

text: distributed

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: but

text: mostly

text: along

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: Within

text: each

text: tumulus

text: is

text: a

text: stone

text: burial

text: chamber

text: known

text: locally

text: as

text: anta

text: dolmen

text: frequently

text: preceded

text: by

text: a

text: corridor

text: Galicia

text: was

text: later

text: fully

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: Bell

text: Beaker

text: culture

text: While

text: its

text: rich

text: mineral

text: deposits

text: tin

text: and

text: gold

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: metallurgy

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: commerce

text: of

text: bronze

text: and

text: gold

text: items

text: all

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: façade

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: where

text: a

text: common

text: elite

text: 's

text: culture

text: evolved

text: during

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Bronze

text: Age

question: Where in Galicia has the oldest evidence of humans been found?

answer: Eirós Cave

text: Eirós Cave

question: Which municipality is this in?

answer: Triacastela

text: Triacastela

question: What is the oldest culture whose structures have been found?

answer: Megalithic

text: Megalithic

question: Which two minerals found in abundance in Galicia were used during Bronze Age?

answer: tin and gold

text: tin and gold


text: Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century. In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse. During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse (361 – 289 BCE) who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE. Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there. This was the first time a European force had invaded the region. After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east. Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Southern

text: Italy

text: Magna

text: Graecia

text: and

text: south

text: eastern

text: Sicily

text: had

text: been

text: colonized

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: century

text: Sicily

text: the

text: leading

text: Greek

text: city

text: and

text: hegemon

text: was

text: Syracuse

text: During

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: the

text: leading

text: figure

text: in

text: Sicily

text: was

text: Agathocles

text: of

text: Syracuse

text: BCE

text: who

text: seized

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: of

text: mercenaries

text: in

text: BCE

text: Agathocles

text: extended

text: his

text: power

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: cities

text: in

text: Sicily

text: fought

text: a

text: long

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: Carthaginians

text: at

text: one

text: point

text: invading

text: Tunisia

text: in

text: and

text: defeating

text: a

text: Carthaginian

text: army

text: there

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: a

text: European

text: force

text: had

text: invaded

text: the

text: region

text: After

text: this

text: war

text: he

text: controlled

text: most

text: of

text: south

text: east

text: Sicily

text: and

text: had

text: himself

text: proclaimed

text: king

text: in

text: imitation

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: monarchs

text: of

text: the

text: east

text: Agathocles

text: then

text: invaded

text: Italy

text: c.

text: BCE

text: in

text: defense

text: of

text: Tarentum

text: against

text: the

text: Bruttians

text: and

text: Romans

text: but

text: was

text: unsuccessful

question: What was Southern Italy refered to as?

answer: Magna Graecia

text: Magna Graecia

question: Southern Italy and south-eastern Sicily were colonized by the Greeks in what century?

answer: 8th

question: In 310 Agathocles invaded Tunisia and defeated what army?

answer: Carthaginian

text: Carthaginian

question: Who was the leading figure in Sicily during the Hellenistic period?

answer: Agathocles of Syracuse

text: Agathocles of Syracuse

question: In defense of Tarentum, when did Agathocles attack Italy?

answer: 300 BCE

text: 300 BCE


text: All armies soon deployed AA guns often based on their smaller field pieces, notably the French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm, typically simply propped up on some sort of embankment to get the muzzle pointed skyward. The British Army adopted the 13-pounder quickly producing new mountings suitable for AA use, the 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III was issued in 1915. It remained in service throughout the war but 18-pdr guns were lined down to take the 13-pdr shell with a larger cartridge producing the 13-pr QF 9 cwt and these proved much more satisfactory. However, in general, these ad-hoc solutions proved largely useless. With little experience in the role, no means of measuring target, range, height or speed the difficulty of observing their shell bursts relative to the target gunners proved unable to get their fuse setting correct and most rounds burst well below their targets. The exception to this rule was the guns protecting spotting balloons, in which case the altitude could be accurately measured from the length of the cable holding the balloon.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: All

text: armies

text: soon

text: deployed

text: AA

text: guns

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: smaller

text: field

text: pieces

text: notably

text: the

text: French

text: mm

text: and

text: Russian

text: mm

text: typically

text: simply

text: propped

text: up

text: on

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: embankment

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: muzzle

text: pointed

text: skyward

text: The

text: British

text: Army

text: adopted

text: the

text: quickly

text: producing

text: new

text: mountings

text: suitable

text: for

text: AA

text: use

text: the

text: QF

text: cwt

text: Mk

text: III

text: was

text: issued

text: in

text: It

text: remained

text: in

text: service

text: throughout

text: the

text: war

text: but

text: guns

text: were

text: lined

text: down

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: shell

text: with

text: a

text: larger

text: cartridge

text: producing

text: the

text: QF

text: cwt

text: and

text: these

text: proved

text: much

text: more

text: satisfactory

text: However

text: in

text: general

text: these

text: ad

text: hoc

text: solutions

text: proved

text: largely

text: useless

text: With

text: little

text: experience

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: no

text: means

text: of

text: measuring

text: target

text: range

text: height

text: or

text: speed

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: observing

text: their

text: shell

text: bursts

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: target

text: gunners

text: proved

text: unable

text: to

text: get

text: their

text: fuse

text: setting

text: correct

text: and

text: most

text: rounds

text: burst

text: well

text: below

text: their

text: targets

text: The

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: was

text: the

text: guns

text: protecting

text: spotting

text: balloons

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: the

text: altitude

text: could

text: be

text: accurately

text: measured

text: from

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: cable

text: holding

text: the

text: balloon

question: What two guns were propped up against a hillside to get the muzzles pointed up?

answer: French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm

text: French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm

question: What anti-aircraft gun did the British Army begin to use?

answer: 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III

text: 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III

question: What gun size was relined to take 13-pounder shells?

answer: 18-pdr guns

text: 18-pdr guns

question: What was difficult to get set right on the new guns?

answer: get their fuse setting correct

text: get their fuse setting correct

question: Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode?

answer: well below their targets

text: well below their targets


text: The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion. The United States was criticized by[according to whom?] a report on drone warfare and aerial sovereignty for abusing the term 'Global War on Terror' to carry out military operations through government agencies without formally declaring war.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: drones

text: by

text: the

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: operations

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Global

text: War

text: on

text: Terror

text: sparks

text: debate

text: over

text: sovereignty

text: and

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: war

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Government

text: uses

text: the

text: CIA

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: for

text: strikes

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: avoid

text: breaching

text: sovereignty

text: through

text: military

text: invasion

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: criticized

text: by[according

text: to

text: whom

text: a

text: report

text: on

text: drone

text: warfare

text: and

text: aerial

text: sovereignty

text: for

text: abusing

text: the

text: term

text: Global

text: War

text: on

text: Terror

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: military

text: operations

text: through

text: government

text: agencies

text: without

text: formally

text: declaring

text: war

question: What controversial technology did the US use in Pakistan?

answer: drones

text: drones

question: Which US agency runs its drones in Pakistan?

answer: the Central Intelligence Agency

text: the Central Intelligence Agency

question: Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones?

answer: to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion

text: to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion

question: Abuse of what term allowed a lack of a formal war declaration?

answer: Global War on Terror

text: Global War on Terror


text: The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: River

text: Test

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: separating

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: Forest

text: There

text: are

text: bridges

text: over

text: the

text: Test

text: from

text: Southampton

text: including

text: the

text: road

text: and

text: rail

text: bridges

text: at

text: Redbridge

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: motorway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: River

text: Itchen

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: is

text: bridged

text: in

text: several

text: places

text: The

text: northernmost

text: bridge

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: be

text: built

text: is

text: at

text: Mansbridge

text: where

text: the

text: road

text: crosses

text: the

text: Itchen

text: The

text: original

text: bridge

text: is

text: closed

text: to

text: road

text: traffic

text: but

text: is

text: still

text: standing

text: and

text: open

text: to

text: pedestrians

text: and

text: cyclists

text: The

text: river

text: is

text: bridged

text: again

text: at

text: Swaythling

text: where

text: Woodmill

text: Bridge

text: separates

text: the

text: tidal

text: and

text: non

text: tidal

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Further

text: south

text: is

text: Cobden

text: Bridge

text: which

text: is

text: notable

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: opened

text: as

text: a

text: free

text: bridge

text: it

text: was

text: originally

text: named

text: the

text: Cobden

text: Free

text: Bridge

text: and

text: was

text: never

text: a

text: toll

text: bridge

text: Downstream

text: of

text: the

text: Cobden

text: Bridge

text: is

text: the

text: Northam

text: Railway

text: Bridge

text: then

text: the

text: Northam

text: Road

text: Bridge

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: pre

text: stressed

text: concrete

text: bridge

text: to

text: be

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: southernmost

text: and

text: newest

text: bridge

text: on

text: the

text: Itchen

text: is

text: the

text: Itchen

text: Bridge

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: toll

text: bridge

question: Along which border of Southampton does the River Test run?

answer: western

text: western

question: What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton?

answer: New Forest

text: New Forest

question: What motorway crosses the River Test to the North?

answer: the M27

text: the M27

question: Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?

answer: Mansbridge

text: Mansbridge

question: What bridge at Swaythling crosses at the point between the tidal and non-tidal sections of the River Itchen?

answer: Woodmill Bridge

text: Woodmill Bridge


text: IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: IBM

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: leading

text: proponent

text: of

text: the

text: Open

text: Source

text: Initiative

text: and

text: began

text: supporting

text: Linux

text: in

text: The

text: company

text: invests

text: billions

text: of

text: dollars

text: in

text: services

text: and

text: software

text: based

text: on

text: Linux

text: through

text: the

text: IBM

text: Linux

text: Technology

text: Center

text: which

text: includes

text: over

text: Linux

text: kernel

text: developers

text: IBM

text: has

text: also

text: released

text: code

text: under

text: different

text: open

text: source

text: licenses

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: platform

text: independent

text: software

text: framework

text: Eclipse

text: worth

text: approximately

text: US$

text: million

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: donation

text: the

text: three

text: sentence

text: International

text: Components

text: for

text: Unicode

text: ICU

text: license

text: and

text: the

text: Java

text: based

text: relational

text: database

text: management

text: system

text: RDBMS

text: Apache

text: Derby

text: IBM

text: 's

text: open

text: source

text: involvement

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: trouble

text: free

text: however

text: see

text: SCO

text: v.

text: IBM

question: IBM began supporting this in 1998.

answer: Linux

text: Linux

question: 300 Linux kernel developers work here.

answer: the IBM Linux Technology Center

text: the IBM Linux Technology Center

question: IBM created the software framework known as?

answer: Eclipse

text: Eclipse

question: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?

answer: SCO v. IBM

text: SCO v. IBM

question: What does RDBMS refer to?

answer: relational database management system

text: relational database management system


text: Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: has

text: figured

text: extensively

text: in

text: Polish

text: literature

text: both

text: in

text: serious

text: critical

text: studies

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: and

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: fictional

text: treatments

text: The

text: earliest

text: manifestation

text: was

text: probably

text: an

text: sonnet

text: on

text: Chopin

text: by

text: Leon

text: Ulrich

text: French

text: writers

text: on

text: Chopin

text: apart

text: from

text: Sand

text: have

text: included

text: Marcel

text: Proust

text: and

text: André

text: Gide

text: and

text: he

text: has

text: also

text: featured

text: in

text: works

text: of

text: Gottfried

text: Benn

text: and

text: Boris

text: Pasternak

text: There

text: are

text: numerous

text: biographies

text: of

text: Chopin

text: in

text: English

text: see

text: bibliography

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: these

question: An 1830 sonnet was written about Chopin by what man?

answer: Leon Ulrich

text: Leon Ulrich

question: Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?

answer: Marcel Proust and André Gide

text: Marcel Proust and André Gide

question: Leon Ulrich wrote about Chopin in what format?

answer: sonnet

text: sonnet

question: What is the earliest sighting of Chopin in Polish Literature?

answer: sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich

text: sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich

question: When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?

answer: 1830

question: In addition to Polish and French, what other language has numerous biogrpahies of Chopin?

answer: English

text: English


text: In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: In

text: the

text: Compact

text: of

text: Free

text: Association

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: entered

text: into

text: force

text: granting

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: RMI

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: The

text: Compact

text: provided

text: for

text: aid

text: and

text: U.S.

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: continued

text: U.S.

text: military

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: missile

text: testing

text: range

text: at

text: Kwajalein

text: Atoll

text: The

text: independence

text: procedure

text: was

text: formally

text: completed

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: UN

text: officially

text: ended

text: the

text: Trusteeship

text: status

text: pursuant

text: to

text: Security

text: Council

text: Resolution

question: What document granted sovereignty to the Marshall Islands?

answer: the Compact of Free Association

text: the Compact of Free Association

question: In what year did the Marshall Islands receive sovereignty?

answer: 1986

question: Where in the Marshall Islands does the United States have a missile testing range?

answer: Kwajalein Atoll

text: Kwajalein Atoll

question: When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end?

answer: 1990

question: What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls?

answer: Security Council Resolution 683

text: Security Council Resolution 683


text: In February 1853, the British government of Lord Aberdeen, the prime minister, re-appointed Stratford Canning as British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.:110 Having resigned the ambassadorship in January, he had been replaced by Colonel Rose as chargé d'affaires. Lord Stratford then turned around and sailed back to Constantinople, arriving there on 5 April 1853. There he convinced the Sultan to reject the Russian treaty proposal, as compromising the independence of the Turks. The Leader of the Opposition in the British House of Commons, Benjamin Disraeli, blamed Aberdeen and Stratford's actions for making war inevitable, thus starting the process which would eventually force the Aberdeen government to resign in January 1855, over the war.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: In

text: February

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: of

text: Lord

text: Aberdeen

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: re

text: appointed

text: Stratford

text: Canning

text: as

text: British

text: ambassador

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Having

text: resigned

text: the

text: ambassadorship

text: in

text: January

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: Colonel

text: Rose

text: as

text: chargé

text: d'affaires

text: Lord

text: Stratford

text: then

text: turned

text: around

text: and

text: sailed

text: back

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: arriving

text: there

text: on

text: April

text: There

text: he

text: convinced

text: the

text: Sultan

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: Russian

text: treaty

text: proposal

text: as

text: compromising

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: Turks

text: The

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Opposition

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: Benjamin

text: Disraeli

text: blamed

text: Aberdeen

text: and

text: Stratford

text: 's

text: actions

text: for

text: making

text: war

text: inevitable

text: thus

text: starting

text: the

text: process

text: which

text: would

text: eventually

text: force

text: the

text: Aberdeen

text: government

text: to

text: resign

text: in

text: January

text: over

text: the

text: war

question: Who was the Prime Minister of the British Government in 1853?

answer: Lord Aberdeen

text: Lord Aberdeen

question: Who did Aberdeen appoint the position of British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire to?

answer: Stratford Canning

text: Stratford Canning

question: Who replaced Stratford Canning after he first resigned as British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire ?

answer: Colonel Rose

text: Colonel Rose

question: After resigning where did Stratford Canning sail off to?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople

question: Who did Stratford Canning convince to turn down the treaty proposal?

answer: Sultan

text: Sultan


text: The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel. The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, unmanned space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future". The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957 orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The Space Race peaked with the July 20, 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions, and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations. A period of détente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: Space

text: Race

text: was

text: a

text: century

text: competition

text: between

text: two

text: Cold

text: War

text: rivals

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: USSR

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: US

text: for

text: supremacy

text: in

text: spaceflight

text: capability

text: It

text: had

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: missile

text: based

text: nuclear

text: arms

text: race

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: nations

text: that

text: occurred

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: enabled

text: by

text: captured

text: German

text: rocket

text: technology

text: and

text: personnel

text: The

text: technological

text: superiority

text: required

text: for

text: such

text: supremacy

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: necessary

text: for

text: national

text: security

text: and

text: symbolic

text: of

text: ideological

text: superiority

text: The

text: Space

text: Race

text: spawned

text: pioneering

text: efforts

text: to

text: launch

text: artificial

text: satellites

text: unmanned

text: space

text: probes

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: Venus

text: and

text: Mars

text: and

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: in

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Moon

text: The

text: competition

text: began

text: on

text: August

text: when

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: announcement

text: four

text: days

text: earlier

text: of

text: intent

text: to

text: launch

text: artificial

text: satellites

text: for

text: the

text: International

text: Geophysical

text: Year

text: by

text: declaring

text: they

text: would

text: also

text: launch

text: a

text: satellite

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: future

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: beat

text: the

text: US

text: to

text: this

text: with

text: the

text: October

text: orbiting

text: of

text: Sputnik

text: and

text: later

text: beat

text: the

text: US

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: human

text: in

text: space

text: Yuri

text: Gagarin

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: Space

text: Race

text: peaked

text: with

text: the

text: July

text: US

text: landing

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: humans

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: with

text: Apollo

text: The

text: USSR

text: tried

text: but

text: failed

text: manned

text: lunar

text: missions

text: and

text: eventually

text: cancelled

text: them

text: and

text: concentrated

text: on

text: Earth

text: orbital

text: space

text: stations

text: A

text: period

text: of

text: détente

text: followed

text: with

text: the

text: April

text: agreement

text: on

text: a

text: co

text: operative

text: Apollo

text: Soyuz

text: Test

text: Project

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: July

text: rendezvous

text: in

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: of

text: a

text: US

text: astronaut

text: crew

text: with

text: a

text: Soviet

text: cosmonaut

text: crew

question: Whose technology enabled the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the united States?

answer: German rocket technology

text: German rocket technology

question: Who was able to launch the first orbiting satellite?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: Who was the first human in space?

answer: Yuri Gagarin

text: Yuri Gagarin

question: When did Apollo 11 land on the moon?

answer: July 20, 1969

text: July 20, 1969

question: On what date did the Space Race begin?

answer: August 2, 1955

text: August 2, 1955

question: Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?

answer: October 4, 1957

text: October 4, 1957

question: Who was the first person in space?

answer: Yuri Gagarin

text: Yuri Gagarin

question: What was the date that the first human reached space?

answer: April 12, 1961

text: April 12, 1961


text: ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: ISPs

text: provide

text: Internet

text: access

text: employing

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: technologies

text: to

text: connect

text: users

text: to

text: their

text: network

text: Available

text: technologies

text: have

text: ranged

text: from

text: computer

text: modems

text: with

text: acoustic

text: couplers

text: to

text: telephone

text: lines

text: to

text: television

text: cable

text: CATV

text: wireless

text: Ethernet

text: wi

text: fi

text: and

text: fiber

text: optics

question: What do ISPs provide?

answer: Internet access

text: Internet access

question: how do isps provide internet access?

answer: a range of technologies to connect users to their network

text: a range of technologies to connect users to their network

question: what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet?

answer: television cable (CATV)

text: television cable (CATV)

question: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly?

answer: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)

text: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)

question: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet?

answer: telephone lines

text: telephone lines


text: In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar examples of a group is the set of integers together with the addition operation, but the abstract formalization of the group axioms, detached as it is from the concrete nature of any particular group and its operation, applies much more widely. It allows entities with highly diverse mathematical origins in abstract algebra and beyond to be handled in a flexible way while retaining their essential structural aspects. The ubiquity of groups in numerous areas within and outside mathematics makes them a central organizing principle of contemporary mathematics.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: In

text: mathematics

text: a

text: group

text: is

text: an

text: algebraic

text: structure

text: consisting

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: elements

text: equipped

text: with

text: an

text: operation

text: that

text: combines

text: any

text: two

text: elements

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: third

text: element

text: The

text: operation

text: satisfies

text: four

text: conditions

text: called

text: the

text: group

text: axioms

text: namely

text: closure

text: associativity

text: identity

text: and

text: invertibility

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: familiar

text: examples

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: is

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: integers

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: operation

text: but

text: the

text: abstract

text: formalization

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: axioms

text: detached

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: concrete

text: nature

text: of

text: any

text: particular

text: group

text: and

text: its

text: operation

text: applies

text: much

text: more

text: widely

text: It

text: allows

text: entities

text: with

text: highly

text: diverse

text: mathematical

text: origins

text: in

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: and

text: beyond

text: to

text: be

text: handled

text: in

text: a

text: flexible

text: way

text: while

text: retaining

text: their

text: essential

text: structural

text: aspects

text: The

text: ubiquity

text: of

text: groups

text: in

text: numerous

text: areas

text: within

text: and

text: outside

text: mathematics

text: makes

text: them

text: a

text: central

text: organizing

text: principle

text: of

text: contemporary

text: mathematics

question: What is an arithmetical structure comprising of a set of elements including an operation that joins any two elements to form a third element?

answer: a group

text: a group

question: What is the name used to describe the four conditions of closure, associativity, identity and invertibility?

answer: group axioms

text: group axioms

question: What permits elements with different mathematical starting points to be taken care of in a flexible manner while holding their key basic aspects?

answer: abstract formalization of the group axioms

text: abstract formalization of the group axioms


text: Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?] Among the most notable redevelopment projects are the Book Cadillac Hotel and the Fort Shelby Hotel; the David Broderick Tower; and the David Whitney Building. Meanwhile, work is underway or set to begin on the historic, vacant Wurlitzer Building and Strathmore Hotel.[citation needed]

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Since

text: billion

text: has

text: been

text: invested

text: in

text: downtown

text: and

text: surrounding

text: neighborhoods

text: billion

text: of

text: that

text: in

text: has

text: come

text: in

text: and

text: Construction

text: activity

text: particularly

text: rehabilitation

text: of

text: historic

text: downtown

text: buildings

text: has

text: increased

text: markedly

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: vacant

text: downtown

text: buildings

text: has

text: dropped

text: from

text: nearly

text: to

text: around

text: Among

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: redevelopment

text: projects

text: are

text: the

text: Book

text: Cadillac

text: Hotel

text: and

text: the

text: Fort

text: Shelby

text: Hotel

text: the

text: David

text: Broderick

text: Tower

text: and

text: the

text: David

text: Whitney

text: Building

text: Meanwhile

text: work

text: is

text: underway

text: or

text: set

text: to

text: begin

text: on

text: the

text: historic

text: vacant

text: Wurlitzer

text: Building

text: and

text: Strathmore

text: Hotel.[citation

text: needed

question: How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?

answer: $9 billion

text: $9 billion

question: Which hotel is set to be renovated?

answer: Strathmore

text: Strathmore

question: How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?

answer: $5.2 billion

text: $5.2 billion

question: How many vacant downtown buildings are there in Detroit?

answer: 13


text: On March 13, 1969, on the Bái Háp River, Kerry was in charge of one of five Swift boats that were returning to their base after performing an Operation Sealords mission to transport South Vietnamese troops from the garrison at Cái Nước and MIKE Force advisors for a raid on a Vietcong camp located on the Rach Dong Cung canal. Earlier in the day, Kerry received a slight shrapnel wound in the buttocks from blowing up a rice bunker. Debarking some but not all of the passengers at a small village, the boats approached a fishing weir; one group of boats went around to the left of the weir, hugging the shore, and a group with Kerry's PCF-94 boat went around to the right, along the shoreline. A mine was detonated directly beneath the lead boat, PCF-3, as it crossed the weir to the left, lifting PCF-3 "about 2-3 ft out of water".

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: On

text: March

text: on

text: the

text: Bái

text: Háp

text: River

text: Kerry

text: was

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: Swift

text: boats

text: that

text: were

text: returning

text: to

text: their

text: base

text: after

text: performing

text: an

text: Operation

text: Sealords

text: mission

text: to

text: transport

text: South

text: Vietnamese

text: troops

text: from

text: the

text: garrison

text: at

text: Cái

text: Nước

text: and

text: MIKE

text: Force

text: advisors

text: for

text: a

text: raid

text: on

text: a

text: Vietcong

text: camp

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Rach

text: Dong

text: Cung

text: canal

text: Earlier

text: in

text: the

text: day

text: Kerry

text: received

text: a

text: slight

text: shrapnel

text: wound

text: in

text: the

text: buttocks

text: from

text: blowing

text: up

text: a

text: rice

text: bunker

text: Debarking

text: some

text: but

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: passengers

text: at

text: a

text: small

text: village

text: the

text: boats

text: approached

text: a

text: fishing

text: weir

text: one

text: group

text: of

text: boats

text: went

text: around

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: of

text: the

text: weir

text: hugging

text: the

text: shore

text: and

text: a

text: group

text: with

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: boat

text: went

text: around

text: to

text: the

text: right

text: along

text: the

text: shoreline

text: A

text: mine

text: was

text: detonated

text: directly

text: beneath

text: the

text: lead

text: boat

text: as

text: it

text: crossed

text: the

text: weir

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: lifting

text: about

text: ft

text: out

text: of

text: water

question: Where was Kerry on Mar 13, 1969?

answer: on the Bái Háp River

text: on the Bái Háp River

question: On what body part was Kerry wounded on Mar 13, 1969?

answer: in the buttocks

text: in the buttocks

question: What was Kerry doing when he was wounded on Mar 13, 1969?

answer: blowing up a rice bunker

text: blowing up a rice bunker

question: What boat was Kerry on, on Mar 13?

answer: PCF-94

question: What was the lead boat on Mar 13?

answer: PCF-3


text: The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: Elizabethan

text: navigator

text: Sir

text: Francis

text: Drake

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: nearby

text: town

text: of

text: Tavistock

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: mayor

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Englishman

text: to

text: circumnavigate

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: was

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: as

text: El

text: Draco

text: meaning

text: The

text: Dragon

text: after

text: he

text: raided

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: ships

text: He

text: died

text: of

text: dysentery

text: in

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: In

text: a

text: mission

text: to

text: recover

text: his

text: body

text: and

text: bring

text: it

text: to

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: His

text: cousin

text: and

text: contemporary

text: John

text: Hawkins

text: was

text: a

text: Plymouth

text: man

text: Painter

text: Sir

text: Joshua

text: Reynolds

text: founder

text: and

text: first

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Academy

text: was

text: born

text: and

text: educated

text: in

text: nearby

text: Plympton

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: William

text: Cookworthy

text: born

text: in

text: Kingsbridge

text: set

text: up

text: his

text: successful

text: porcelain

text: business

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: close

text: friend

text: of

text: John

text: Smeaton

text: designer

text: of

text: the

text: Eddystone

text: Lighthouse

text: On

text: January

text: Benjamin

text: Robert

text: Haydon

text: an

text: English

text: painter

text: who

text: specialised

text: in

text: grand

text: historical

text: pictures

text: was

text: born

text: here

text: The

text: naturalist

text: Dr

text: William

text: Elford

text: Leach

text: FRS

text: who

text: did

text: much

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: Britain

text: for

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: was

text: born

text: at

text: Hoe

text: Gate

text: in

question: What was the birthplace of Sir Francis Drake?

answer: Tavistock

text: Tavistock

question: What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake?

answer: El Draco

text: El Draco

question: In what year did Sir Francis Drake die?

answer: 1596

question: What was Sir Francis Drake's cause of death?

answer: dysentery

text: dysentery

question: What notable artist and Royal Academician was born in Plympton?

answer: Sir Joshua Reynolds

text: Sir Joshua Reynolds


text: On 14 May 1955, the USSR and other seven European countries "reaffirming their desire for the establishment of a system of European collective security based on the participation of all European states irrespective of their social and political systems" established the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO, declaring that: "a remilitarized Western Germany and the integration of the latter in the North-Atlantic bloc [...] increase the danger of another war and constitutes a threat to the national security of the peaceable states; [...] in these circumstances the peaceable European states must take the necessary measures to safeguard their security".

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: other

text: seven

text: European

text: countries

text: reaffirming

text: their

text: desire

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: European

text: collective

text: security

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: all

text: European

text: states

text: irrespective

text: of

text: their

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: systems

text: established

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: into

text: NATO

text: declaring

text: that

text: a

text: remilitarized

text: Western

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: bloc

text: increase

text: the

text: danger

text: of

text: another

text: war

text: and

text: constitutes

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: security

text: of

text: the

text: peaceable

text: states

text: in

text: these

text: circumstances

text: the

text: peaceable

text: European

text: states

text: must

text: take

text: the

text: necessary

text: measures

text: to

text: safeguard

text: their

text: security

question: In which month of 1955 was this pact declared?

answer: May

text: May


text: The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant and two portable 10 m3/d plants as part of its Pacific Environment Community (PEC) program. Aid programs from the European Union and Australia also provided water tanks as part of the longer term solution for the storage of available fresh water.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: governments

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: fresh

text: water

text: crisis

text: by

text: supplying

text: temporary

text: desalination

text: plants

text: and

text: assisted

text: in

text: the

text: repair

text: of

text: the

text: existing

text: desalination

text: unit

text: that

text: was

text: donated

text: by

text: Japan

text: in

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: drought

text: Japan

text: funded

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: a

text: desalination

text: plant

text: and

text: two

text: portable

text: plants

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: Pacific

text: Environment

text: Community

text: PEC

text: program

text: Aid

text: programs

text: from

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: Australia

text: also

text: provided

text: water

text: tanks

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: longer

text: term

text: solution

text: for

text: the

text: storage

text: of

text: available

text: fresh

text: water

question: What type of device did Australia and New Zealand offer to Tuvalu during the 2011 drought?

answer: desalination plants

text: desalination plants

question: As aprt of what program did Japan fund a new desalination plant at Tuvalu?

answer: Pacific Environment Community

text: Pacific Environment Community

question: What did aid from the European Union provide during the drought on Tuvalu?

answer: water tanks

text: water tanks

question: What did Tuvalu's new water tanks make possible to store?

answer: fresh water

text: fresh water

question: In what year had Japan previously donated a desalination plant to Tuvalu?

answer: 2006


text: There are also open compression formats like Opus and Vorbis that are available free of charge and without any known patent restrictions. Some of the newer audio compression formats, such as AAC, WMA Pro and Vorbis, are free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format that cannot be overcome by any MP3 encoder.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: open

text: compression

text: formats

text: like

text: Opus

text: and

text: Vorbis

text: that

text: are

text: available

text: free

text: of

text: charge

text: and

text: without

text: any

text: known

text: patent

text: restrictions

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: newer

text: audio

text: compression

text: formats

text: such

text: as

text: AAC

text: WMA

text: Pro

text: and

text: Vorbis

text: are

text: free

text: of

text: some

text: limitations

text: inherent

text: to

text: the

text: format

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: overcome

text: by

text: any

text: encoder

question: Opus and Vorbis are two explans of what kind of compression format?

answer: open

text: open

question: Being open formats means that Opus and Vorbis can be used without what?

answer: any known patent restrictions

text: any known patent restrictions

question: What are some benefits to some of the newer audio compression formats when compared to MP3?

answer: free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format

text: free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format

question: How can one obtain an open compression format such as Opus or Vorbis?

answer: available free of charge

text: available free of charge


text: The west end of these streets is Bowery and Third Avenue, except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place; to Sixth Avenue) and 4th Street (to 13th Street), which extend west and north, respectively, into Greenwich Village. Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: The

text: west

text: end

text: of

text: these

text: streets

text: is

text: Bowery

text: and

text: Third

text: Avenue

text: except

text: for

text: Street

text: formerly

text: Amity

text: Place

text: to

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Street

text: to

text: Street

text: which

text: extend

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: respectively

text: into

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: Great

text: Jones

text: Street

text: connects

text: East

text: to

text: West

question: What name did 3rd Street previously hold?

answer: Amity Place

text: Amity Place

question: Which village do 3rd and 4th Street extend into?

answer: Greenwich

text: Greenwich

question: Which street connects East 3rd to West 3rd?

answer: Great Jones

text: Great Jones

question: The west end of these streets is Third Avenue and where?

answer: Bowery

text: Bowery


text: Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the "buckle of the Bible Belt". According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: geographical

text: region

text: characterized

text: by

text: conservative

text: and

text: Evangelical

text: Christianity

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bible

text: Belt

text: Spanning

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: politically

text: and

text: socially

text: conservative

text: views

text: even

text: though

text: Oklahoma

text: has

text: more

text: voters

text: registered

text: with

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: than

text: with

text: any

text: other

text: party

text: Tulsa

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: home

text: to

text: Oral

text: Roberts

text: University

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: buckle

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: Belt

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Pew

text: Research

text: Center

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: religious

text: adherents

text: percent

text: are

text: Christian

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: The

text: percentage

text: of

text: Oklahomans

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Catholicism

text: is

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: while

text: the

text: percentage

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Evangelical

text: Protestantism

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: twice

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: tied

text: with

text: Arkansas

text: for

text: the

text: largest

text: percentage

text: of

text: any

text: state

question: What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?

answer: the "Bible Belt"

text: the "Bible Belt"

question: What parts of the US are covered by the 'Bible Belt'?

answer: southern and eastern

text: southern and eastern

question: What political party has the most members in Oklahoma?

answer: Democratic

text: Democratic

question: What is Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: How much of Oklahoma's population is Christian?

answer: 80 percent

text: 80 percent


text: Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Clock

text: shifts

text: are

text: usually

text: scheduled

text: near

text: a

text: weekend

text: midnight

text: to

text: lessen

text: disruption

text: to

text: weekday

text: schedules

text: A

text: one

text: hour

text: shift

text: is

text: customary

text: but

text: Australia

text: 's

text: Lord

text: Howe

text: Island

text: uses

text: a

text: half

text: hour

text: shift

text: Twenty

text: minute

text: and

text: two

text: hour

text: shifts

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: past

question: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?

answer: weekend

text: weekend

question: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?

answer: weekday schedules

text: weekday schedules


text: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: Around

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: William

text: James

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: radical

text: empiricism

text: to

text: describe

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: his

text: form

text: of

text: pragmatism

text: which

text: he

text: argued

text: could

text: be

text: dealt

text: with

text: separately

text: from

text: his

text: pragmatism

text: though

text: in

text: fact

text: the

text: two

text: concepts

text: are

text: intertwined

text: in

text: James

text: 's

text: published

text: lectures

text: James

text: maintained

text: that

text: the

text: empirically

text: observed

text: directly

text: apprehended

text: universe

text: needs

text: no

text: extraneous

text: trans

text: empirical

text: connective

text: support

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: meant

text: to

text: rule

text: out

text: the

text: perception

text: that

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: any

text: value

text: added

text: by

text: seeking

text: supernatural

text: explanations

text: for

text: natural

text: phenomena

text: James

text: 's

text: radical

text: empiricism

text: is

text: thus

text: not

text: radical

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: empiricism

text: but

text: is

text: instead

text: fairly

text: consistent

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: empirical

text: His

text: method

text: of

text: argument

text: in

text: arriving

text: at

text: this

text: view

text: however

text: still

text: readily

text: encounters

text: debate

text: within

text: philosophy

text: even

text: today

question: Who came up with 'radical empiricism'?

answer: William James

text: William James

question: Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined?

answer: in James's published lectures

text: in James's published lectures

question: When was William James born?

answer: 1842

question: When did William James die?

answer: 1910

question: When did James come up with 'radical empiricism'?

answer: Around the beginning of the 20th century

text: Around the beginning of the 20th century


text: The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain. The flora throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range varies with elevation. Pine (Pinus) and oak (Quercus) species are usually found at an elevation of 2,000 m (6,560 ft) above sea level. The most common species of flora found in the mountains are: Pinus, Quercus, Abies, Ficus, Vachellia, Ipomoea, Acacia, Lysiloma, Bursera, Vitex, Tabebuia, Sideroxylon, Cordia, Fouquieria, Pithecellobium. The state is home to one of the largest variation species of the genus Pinus in the world. The lower elevations have a steppe vegetation with a variety of grasses and small bushes. Several species of Juniperus dot the steppe and the transition zone.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: a

text: great

text: diversity

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: microclimates

text: found

text: and

text: dramatic

text: varying

text: terrain

text: The

text: flora

text: throughout

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Madre

text: Occidental

text: mountain

text: range

text: varies

text: with

text: elevation

text: Pine

text: Pinus

text: and

text: oak

text: Quercus

text: species

text: are

text: usually

text: found

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: m

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: species

text: of

text: flora

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: are

text: Pinus

text: Quercus

text: Abies

text: Ficus

text: Vachellia

text: Ipomoea

text: Acacia

text: Lysiloma

text: Bursera

text: Vitex

text: Tabebuia

text: Sideroxylon

text: Cordia

text: Fouquieria

text: Pithecellobium

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: variation

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Pinus

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: lower

text: elevations

text: have

text: a

text: steppe

text: vegetation

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: grasses

text: and

text: small

text: bushes

text: Several

text: species

text: of

text: Juniperus

text: dot

text: the

text: steppe

text: and

text: the

text: transition

text: zone

question: The state has great diversity thanks to the large number of what?

answer: microclimates

text: microclimates

question: What type of life varies greatly with the elevation in the mountains?

answer: flora

text: flora

question: The state is home to one of the largest variation species of which genus?

answer: Pinus

text: Pinus

question: Several species of which type dot the steppe and transition zone?

answer: Juniperus

text: Juniperus


text: Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against risks and threats inherent in their peacetime and wartime environments. The Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program. This program applies to materiel, personnel, and procedures that contribute to the safety, security, and control of nuclear weapons, thus assuring no nuclear accidents, incidents, loss, or unauthorized or accidental use (a Broken Arrow incident). The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements. Adversaries, allies, and the American people must be highly confident of the Air Force's ability to secure nuclear weapons from accidents, theft, loss, and accidental or unauthorized use. This day-to-day commitment to precise and reliable nuclear operations is the cornerstone of the credibility of the NDO mission. Positive nuclear command, control, communications; effective nuclear weapons security; and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Nuclear

text: surety

text: ensures

text: the

text: safety

text: security

text: and

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: nuclear

text: operations

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: importance

text: destructive

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: an

text: accident

text: or

text: unauthorized

text: act

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: and

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: systems

text: require

text: special

text: consideration

text: and

text: protection

text: against

text: risks

text: and

text: threats

text: inherent

text: in

text: their

text: peacetime

text: and

text: wartime

text: environments

text: The

text: Air

text: Force

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: other

text: entities

text: within

text: the

text: Departments

text: of

text: Defense

text: or

text: Energy

text: achieves

text: a

text: high

text: standard

text: of

text: protection

text: through

text: a

text: stringent

text: nuclear

text: surety

text: program

text: This

text: program

text: applies

text: to

text: materiel

text: personnel

text: and

text: procedures

text: that

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: safety

text: security

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: thus

text: assuring

text: no

text: nuclear

text: accidents

text: incidents

text: loss

text: or

text: unauthorized

text: or

text: accidental

text: use

text: a

text: Broken

text: Arrow

text: incident

text: The

text: Air

text: Force

text: continues

text: to

text: pursue

text: safe

text: secure

text: and

text: effective

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: consistent

text: with

text: operational

text: requirements

text: Adversaries

text: allies

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: people

text: must

text: be

text: highly

text: confident

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: secure

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: from

text: accidents

text: theft

text: loss

text: and

text: accidental

text: or

text: unauthorized

text: use

text: This

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: commitment

text: to

text: precise

text: and

text: reliable

text: nuclear

text: operations

text: is

text: the

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: the

text: credibility

text: of

text: the

text: NDO

text: mission

text: Positive

text: nuclear

text: command

text: control

text: communications

text: effective

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: security

text: and

text: robust

text: combat

text: support

text: are

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: overall

text: NDO

text: function

question: What ensures the safety of nuclear operations?

answer: Nuclear surety

text: Nuclear surety

question: What is the mission of the NDO in regards to nuclear security?

answer: precise and reliable nuclear operations

text: precise and reliable nuclear operations

question: What is a Broken Arrow incident in nuclear security?

answer: unauthorized or accidental use

text: unauthorized or accidental use

question: What is one of the five functions of NDO support?

answer: effective nuclear weapons security

text: effective nuclear weapons security

question: What other US departments does the Air Force coordinate with for nuclear security?

answer: Departments of Defense or Energy

text: Departments of Defense or Energy


text: Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies. The various sibling traditions included in Hindu philosophies are diverse, and they are united by shared history and concepts, same textual resources, similar ontological and soteriological focus, and cosmology. While Buddhism and Jainism are considered distinct philosophies and religions, some heterodox traditions such as Cārvāka are often considered as distinct schools within Hindu philosophy.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Scholars

text: have

text: debated

text: the

text: relationship

text: and

text: differences

text: within

text: āstika

text: philosophies

text: and

text: with

text: nāstika

text: philosophies

text: starting

text: with

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Indologists

text: and

text: Orientalists

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: which

text: were

text: themselves

text: derived

text: from

text: limited

text: availability

text: of

text: Indian

text: literature

text: and

text: medieval

text: doxographies

text: The

text: various

text: sibling

text: traditions

text: included

text: in

text: Hindu

text: philosophies

text: are

text: diverse

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: united

text: by

text: shared

text: history

text: and

text: concepts

text: same

text: textual

text: resources

text: similar

text: ontological

text: and

text: soteriological

text: focus

text: and

text: cosmology

text: While

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Jainism

text: are

text: considered

text: distinct

text: philosophies

text: and

text: religions

text: some

text: heterodox

text: traditions

text: such

text: as

text: Cārvāka

text: are

text: often

text: considered

text: as

text: distinct

text: schools

text: within

text: Hindu

text: philosophy

question: What have scholars argued about with regards to nastika and astika philosophies?

answer: relationship and differences

text: relationship and differences

question: In what centuries the writings of scholars been used to debate the philosophies?

answer: 18th and 19th

text: 18th and 19th

question: What are Buddhism and Jainism regarded as in relation to religion and philosophy?

answer: distinct

text: distinct

question: What are other schools regarded as within Hindu philosophy?

answer: distinct schools

text: distinct schools

question: How available are the sources of knowledge on Indian philosophy?

answer: limited

text: limited


text: At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius." On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: "Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ..." After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Chopin

text: received

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: endorsement

text: from

text: an

text: outstanding

text: contemporary

text: when

text: Robert

text: Schumann

text: reviewing

text: the

text: Op

text: Variations

text: in

text: the

text: Allgemeine

text: musikalische

text: Zeitung

text: his

text: first

text: published

text: article

text: on

text: music

text: declared

text: Hats

text: off

text: gentlemen

text: A

text: genius

text: On

text: February

text: Chopin

text: gave

text: a

text: debut

text: Paris

text: concert

text: at

text: the

text: Salle

text: Pleyel

text: which

text: drew

text: universal

text: admiration

text: The

text: critic

text: François

text: Joseph

text: Fétis

text: wrote

text: in

text: the

text: Revue

text: et

text: gazette

text: musicale

text: Here

text: is

text: a

text: young

text: man

text: who

text: taking

text: no

text: model

text: has

text: found

text: if

text: not

text: a

text: complete

text: renewal

text: of

text: piano

text: music

text: an

text: abundance

text: of

text: original

text: ideas

text: of

text: a

text: kind

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: nowhere

text: else

text: After

text: this

text: concert

text: Chopin

text: realized

text: that

text: his

text: essentially

text: intimate

text: keyboard

text: technique

text: was

text: not

text: optimal

text: for

text: large

text: concert

text: spaces

text: Later

text: that

text: year

text: he

text: was

text: introduced

text: to

text: the

text: wealthy

text: Rothschild

text: banking

text: family

text: whose

text: patronage

text: also

text: opened

text: doors

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: other

text: private

text: salons

text: social

text: gatherings

text: of

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: and

text: artistic

text: and

text: literary

text: elite

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Chopin

text: had

text: established

text: himself

text: among

text: the

text: Parisian

text: musical

text: elite

text: and

text: had

text: earned

text: the

text: respect

text: of

text: his

text: peers

text: such

text: as

text: Hiller

text: Liszt

text: and

text: Berlioz

text: He

text: no

text: longer

text: depended

text: financially

text: upon

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: he

text: began

text: earning

text: a

text: handsome

text: income

text: from

text: publishing

text: his

text: works

text: and

text: teaching

text: piano

text: to

text: affluent

text: students

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: Europe

text: This

text: freed

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: strains

text: of

text: public

text: concert

text: giving

text: which

text: he

text: disliked

question: Who gave Frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?

answer: Robert Schumann

text: Robert Schumann

question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance at the Salle Pleyel?

answer: 26 February 1832

text: 26 February 1832

question: What is stated as a hindrance for Frédéric's ability to perform in large concert spaces?

answer: intimate keyboard technique

text: intimate keyboard technique

question: Who did Frédéric rely upon financially before earning a great income from his works?

answer: his father

text: his father

question: From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?

answer: Robert Schumann

text: Robert Schumann

question: When did Chopin debut at Salle Pleyel ?

answer: 26 February 1832

text: 26 February 1832

question: What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?

answer: Rothschild

text: Rothschild

question: When did Chopin receive his first major endorsement from Robert Schumann?

answer: 1831

question: What did Chopin realize was not ideal for larger spaces after his first successful concert in Paris?

answer: keyboard technique

text: keyboard technique

question: Once Chopin stopped performing concerts, how did he earn his income?

answer: publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students

text: publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students


text: According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of female and male dog pets. Yet, although several programs are undergoing to promote pet adoption, less than a fifth of the owned dogs come from a shelter.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: According

text: to

text: statistics

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Pet

text: Products

text: Manufacturers

text: Association

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Pet

text: Owner

text: Survey

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: estimated

text: there

text: are

text: million

text: people

text: with

text: pet

text: dogs

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: same

text: survey

text: shows

text: nearly

text: of

text: American

text: households

text: own

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: dog

text: of

text: which

text: own

text: just

text: one

text: dog

text: two

text: dogs

text: and

text: nearly

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: dogs

text: There

text: does

text: not

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: any

text: gender

text: preference

text: among

text: dogs

text: as

text: pets

text: as

text: the

text: statistical

text: data

text: reveal

text: an

text: equal

text: number

text: of

text: female

text: and

text: male

text: dog

text: pets

text: Yet

text: although

text: several

text: programs

text: are

text: undergoing

text: to

text: promote

text: pet

text: adoption

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: owned

text: dogs

text: come

text: from

text: a

text: shelter

question: The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010?

answer: 77.5 million

text: 77.5 million

question: How many people in the United States are said to own dog?

answer: 77.5 million

text: 77.5 million