text: As economic and demographic methods were applied to the study of history, the trend was increasingly to see the late Middle Ages as a period of recession and crisis. Belgian historian Henri Pirenne continued the subdivision of Early, High, and Late Middle Ages in the years around World War I. Yet it was his Dutch colleague, Johan Huizinga, who was primarily responsible for popularising the pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages, with his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919). To Huizinga, whose research focused on France and the Low Countries rather than Italy, despair and decline were the main themes, not rebirth.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: As

text: economic

text: and

text: demographic

text: methods

text: were

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: history

text: the

text: trend

text: was

text: increasingly

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: as

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: recession

text: and

text: crisis

text: Belgian

text: historian

text: Henri

text: Pirenne

text: continued

text: the

text: subdivision

text: of

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: around

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: Yet

text: it

text: was

text: his

text: Dutch

text: colleague

text: Johan

text: Huizinga

text: who

text: was

text: primarily

text: responsible

text: for

text: popularising

text: the

text: pessimistic

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: with

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Autumn

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: To

text: Huizinga

text: whose

text: research

text: focused

text: on

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: rather

text: than

text: Italy

text: despair

text: and

text: decline

text: were

text: the

text: main

text: themes

text: not

text: rebirth

question: What methods, applied to the study of history, led to the perception of the Middle Ages as a time of recession and crisis?

answer: economic and demographic

text: economic and demographic

question: Which author popularized a pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages in his 1919 book?

answer: Johan Huizinga

text: Johan Huizinga

question: What was the title of Huizinga's 1919 book on the Middle Ages?

answer: The Autumn of the Middle Ages

text: The Autumn of the Middle Ages

question: Which countries were the focus of Huizinga's research?

answer: France and the Low Countries

text: France and the Low Countries

question: What was the nationality of historian Henri Pirenne?

answer: Belgian

text: Belgian


text: The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea. Painted or carved wooden relief altarpieces became common, especially as churches created many side-chapels. Early Netherlandish painting by artists such as Jan van Eyck (d. 1441) and Rogier van der Weyden (d. 1464) rivalled that of Italy, as did northern illuminated manuscripts, which in the 15th century began to be collected on a large scale by secular elites, who also commissioned secular books, especially histories. From about 1450 printed books rapidly became popular, though still expensive. There were around 30,000 different editions of incunabula, or works printed before 1500, by which time illuminated manuscripts were commissioned only by royalty and a few others. Very small woodcuts, nearly all religious, were affordable even by peasants in parts of Northern Europe from the middle of the 15th century. More expensive engravings supplied a wealthier market with a variety of images.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: large

text: external

text: sculptural

text: schemes

text: of

text: Early

text: Gothic

text: churches

text: gave

text: way

text: to

text: more

text: sculpture

text: inside

text: the

text: building

text: as

text: tombs

text: became

text: more

text: elaborate

text: and

text: other

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: pulpits

text: were

text: sometimes

text: lavishly

text: carved

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Pulpit

text: by

text: Giovanni

text: Pisano

text: in

text: Sant'Andrea

text: Painted

text: or

text: carved

text: wooden

text: relief

text: altarpieces

text: became

text: common

text: especially

text: as

text: churches

text: created

text: many

text: side

text: chapels

text: Early

text: Netherlandish

text: painting

text: by

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Jan

text: van

text: Eyck

text: d.

text: and

text: Rogier

text: van

text: der

text: Weyden

text: d.

text: rivalled

text: that

text: of

text: Italy

text: as

text: did

text: northern

text: illuminated

text: manuscripts

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: collected

text: on

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: by

text: secular

text: elites

text: who

text: also

text: commissioned

text: secular

text: books

text: especially

text: histories

text: From

text: about

text: printed

text: books

text: rapidly

text: became

text: popular

text: though

text: still

text: expensive

text: There

text: were

text: around

text: different

text: editions

text: of

text: incunabula

text: or

text: works

text: printed

text: before

text: by

text: which

text: time

text: illuminated

text: manuscripts

text: were

text: commissioned

text: only

text: by

text: royalty

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: others

text: Very

text: small

text: woodcuts

text: nearly

text: all

text: religious

text: were

text: affordable

text: even

text: by

text: peasants

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: More

text: expensive

text: engravings

text: supplied

text: a

text: wealthier

text: market

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: images

question: Who carved the Pulpit in Sant'Andrea?

answer: Giovanni Pisano

text: Giovanni Pisano

question: Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?

answer: Painted

text: Painted

question: When did Rogier van der Weyden die?

answer: 1464

question: Of what nationality was Jan van Eyck?

answer: Netherlandish

text: Netherlandish

question: What does incunabula refer to?

answer: works printed before 1500

text: works printed before 1500


text: For temperature studies, subjects must remain awake but calm and semi-reclined in near darkness while their rectal temperatures are taken continuously. Though variation is great among normal chronotypes, the average human adult's temperature reaches its minimum at about 05:00 (5 a.m.), about two hours before habitual wake time. Baehr et al. found that, in young adults, the daily body temperature minimum occurred at about 04:00 (4 a.m.) for morning types but at about 06:00 (6 a.m.) for evening types. This minimum occurred at approximately the middle of the eight hour sleep period for morning types, but closer to waking in evening types.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: For

text: temperature

text: studies

text: subjects

text: must

text: remain

text: awake

text: but

text: calm

text: and

text: semi

text: reclined

text: in

text: near

text: darkness

text: while

text: their

text: rectal

text: temperatures

text: are

text: taken

text: continuously

text: Though

text: variation

text: is

text: great

text: among

text: normal

text: chronotypes

text: the

text: average

text: human

text: adult

text: 's

text: temperature

text: reaches

text: its

text: minimum

text: at

text: about

text: a.m.

text: about

text: two

text: hours

text: before

text: habitual

text: wake

text: time

text: Baehr

text: et

text: al

text: found

text: that

text: in

text: young

text: adults

text: the

text: daily

text: body

text: temperature

text: minimum

text: occurred

text: at

text: about

text: a.m.

text: for

text: morning

text: types

text: but

text: at

text: about

text: a.m.

text: for

text: evening

text: types

text: This

text: minimum

text: occurred

text: at

text: approximately

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: hour

text: sleep

text: period

text: for

text: morning

text: types

text: but

text: closer

text: to

text: waking

text: in

text: evening

text: types

question: What physical factor must be continuously monitored during temperature studies>

answer: temperatures

text: temperatures

question: At what time does the average adult human reach his lowest temperature?

answer: 05:00

question: How long before wake time is the lowest temperature reached?

answer: two hours

text: two hours

question: When does the temperature of morning type young adults reach its lowest?

answer: 04:00

question: What is the time of lowest temperature for evening type young adults?

answer: 06:00


text: The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse), and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The decline in the army's performance became clear from the mid-17th century and after the Great Turkish War. The 18th century saw some limited success against Venice, but in the north the European-style Russian armies forced the Ottomans to concede land.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: first

text: military

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: State

text: was

text: an

text: army

text: that

text: was

text: organized

text: by

text: Osman

text: I

text: from

text: the

text: tribesmen

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: hills

text: of

text: western

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: The

text: military

text: system

text: became

text: an

text: intricate

text: organization

text: with

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: military

text: was

text: a

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: recruiting

text: and

text: fief

text: holding

text: The

text: main

text: corps

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Army

text: included

text: Janissary

text: Sipahi

text: Akıncı

text: and

text: Mehterân

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: army

text: was

text: once

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: advanced

text: fighting

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: muskets

text: and

text: cannons

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: began

text: using

text: falconets

text: which

text: were

text: short

text: but

text: wide

text: cannons

text: during

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: cavalry

text: depended

text: on

text: high

text: speed

text: and

text: mobility

text: rather

text: than

text: heavy

text: armour

text: using

text: bows

text: and

text: short

text: swords

text: on

text: fast

text: Turkoman

text: and

text: Arabian

text: horses

text: progenitors

text: of

text: the

text: Thoroughbred

text: racing

text: horse

text: and

text: often

text: applied

text: tactics

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Mongol

text: Empire

text: such

text: as

text: pretending

text: to

text: retreat

text: while

text: surrounding

text: the

text: enemy

text: forces

text: inside

text: a

text: crescent

text: shaped

text: formation

text: and

text: then

text: making

text: the

text: real

text: attack

text: The

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: 's

text: performance

text: became

text: clear

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Great

text: Turkish

text: War

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: some

text: limited

text: success

text: against

text: Venice

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: European

text: style

text: Russian

text: armies

text: forced

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: to

text: concede

text: land

question: In what century did the first Osman I organized military unit form?

answer: 13th century

text: 13th century

question: From where did tribesmen that formed a unit organized by Osman I originate?

answer: the hills of western Anatolia

text: the hills of western Anatolia

question: There were four corps of the Ottoman Army, what were they?

answer: Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân

text: Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân

question: The Ottoman army was among the first to use what two pieces of weapons technology?

answer: muskets and cannons

text: muskets and cannons

question: In what conflict did the Ottoman Turks use falconets?

answer: Siege of Constantinople

text: Siege of Constantinople


text: The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as Chicago, The Eagles, and Elton John becoming associated with the format.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: The

text: Hot

text: and

text: Easy

text: Listening

text: charts

text: became

text: more

text: similar

text: again

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: texture

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: played

text: on

text: Top

text: radio

text: once

text: more

text: began

text: to

text: soften

text: The

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: format

text: began

text: evolving

text: into

text: the

text: sound

text: that

text: later

text: defined

text: it

text: with

text: rock

text: oriented

text: acts

text: as

text: Chicago

text: The

text: Eagles

text: and

text: Elton

text: John

text: becoming

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: format

question: At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?

answer: 1960s

question: During the middle and early parts of what decade did the similarity of Easy Listening and Hot 100 increase?

answer: 1970s

question: How did Top 40 radio what ifmusic change during this era?

answer: began to soften

text: began to soften

question: With Elton John and the Eagles, what was a prominent adult contemporary artist in this period?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago


text: The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors.... Go to the battlefield firmly confident of victory, and you will come home with no wounds whatever. Engage in combat fully determined to die and you will be alive; wish to survive in the battle and you will surely meet death. When you leave the house determined not to see it again you will come home safely; when you have any thought of returning you will not return. You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change, but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking, for his fate is always determined."

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: The

text: rival

text: of

text: Takeda

text: Shingen

text: was

text: Uesugi

text: Kenshin

text: a

text: legendary

text: Sengoku

text: warlord

text: well

text: versed

text: in

text: the

text: Chinese

text: military

text: classics

text: and

text: who

text: advocated

text: the

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: warrior

text: as

text: death

text: Japanese

text: historian

text: Daisetz

text: Teitaro

text: Suzuki

text: describes

text: Uesugi

text: 's

text: beliefs

text: as

text: Those

text: who

text: are

text: reluctant

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: their

text: lives

text: and

text: embrace

text: death

text: are

text: not

text: true

text: warriors

text: Go

text: to

text: the

text: battlefield

text: firmly

text: confident

text: of

text: victory

text: and

text: you

text: will

text: come

text: home

text: with

text: no

text: wounds

text: whatever

text: Engage

text: in

text: combat

text: fully

text: determined

text: to

text: die

text: and

text: you

text: will

text: be

text: alive

text: wish

text: to

text: survive

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: and

text: you

text: will

text: surely

text: meet

text: death

text: When

text: you

text: leave

text: the

text: house

text: determined

text: not

text: to

text: see

text: it

text: again

text: you

text: will

text: come

text: home

text: safely

text: when

text: you

text: have

text: any

text: thought

text: of

text: returning

text: you

text: will

text: not

text: return

text: You

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: wrong

text: to

text: think

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: always

text: subject

text: to

text: change

text: but

text: the

text: warrior

text: must

text: not

text: entertain

text: this

text: way

text: of

text: thinking

text: for

text: his

text: fate

text: is

text: always

text: determined

question: Who was Takeda's rival?

answer: Uesugi Kenshin

text: Uesugi Kenshin

question: What did Uesugi encourage?

answer: the "way of the warrior as death"

text: the "way of the warrior as death"

question: What was Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki's occupation?

answer: Japanese historian

text: Japanese historian

question: When was Takeda born?

answer: 1521

question: When was Uesugi born?

answer: 1530


text: Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934–44), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century. As in the US, at the time comics were seen as infantile and a threat to culture and literacy; commentators stated that "none bear up to the slightest serious analysis",[c] and that comics were "the sabotage of all art and all literature".[d]

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Following

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: Le

text: Journal

text: de

text: Mickey

text: dedicated

text: comics

text: magazines

text: and

text: full

text: colour

text: comics

text: albums

text: became

text: the

text: primary

text: outlet

text: for

text: comics

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: As

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: comics

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: infantile

text: and

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: culture

text: and

text: literacy

text: commentators

text: stated

text: that

text: bear

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: slightest

text: serious

text: analysis",[c

text: and

text: that

text: comics

text: were

text: the

text: sabotage

text: of

text: all

text: art

text: and

text: all

text: literature".[d

question: In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what?

answer: literacy

text: literacy

question: What was seen as "infantile" in the United States?

answer: comics

text: comics

question: Comics were quoted as a sabotage of art and what?

answer: literature

text: literature


text: The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for "Nazarene", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning "Christian", derived from tars, meaning "fear, respect".

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: Persian

text: word

text: is

text: Masīhī

text: مسیحی

text: from

text: Arabic.,Other

text: words

text: are

text: Nasrānī

text: نصرانی

text: from

text: Syriac

text: for

text: Nazarene

text: and

text: Tarsā

text: ترسا

text: from

text: Middle

text: Persian

text: word

text: Tarsāg

text: also

text: meaning

text: Christian

text: derived

text: from

text: tars

text: meaning

text: fear

text: respect

question: What is the most common Persian word for Christian?

answer: Masīhī

text: Masīhī

question: What is the Syriac word for Nazarene?

answer: Nasrānī

text: Nasrānī

question: What does tars mean?

answer: fear, respect

text: fear, respect

question: What is the Middle Persion word for Christian?

answer: Tarsā

text: Tarsā


text: The establishment of the Santa Hermandad in 1480, and of the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the Governor-Captain General as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown, after a century of unrest and fiscal insubordination. As a result, from 1480 to 1520 the Kingdom of Galicia contributed more than 10% of the total earnings of the Crown of Castille, including the Americas, well over its economic relevance. Like the rest of Spain, the 16th century was marked by population growth up to 1580, when the simultaneous wars with the Netherlands, France and England hampered Galicia's Atlantic commerce, which consisted mostly in the exportation of sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Santa

text: Hermandad

text: in

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Real

text: Audiencia

text: del

text: Reino

text: de

text: Galicia

text: in

text: tribunal

text: and

text: executive

text: body

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: Captain

text: General

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: implied

text: initially

text: the

text: submission

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: to

text: the

text: Crown

text: after

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: unrest

text: and

text: fiscal

text: insubordination

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: contributed

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: earnings

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Castille

text: including

text: the

text: Americas

text: well

text: over

text: its

text: economic

text: relevance

text: Like

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Spain

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: population

text: growth

text: up

text: to

text: when

text: the

text: simultaneous

text: wars

text: with

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: France

text: and

text: England

text: hampered

text: Galicia

text: 's

text: Atlantic

text: commerce

text: which

text: consisted

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: exportation

text: of

text: sardines

text: wood

text: and

text: some

text: cattle

text: and

text: wine

question: Which government body was formed in 1480?

answer: Santa Hermandad

text: Santa Hermandad

question: Which body was formed in 1500?

answer: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia

text: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia

question: What percentage of Castille's total earnings was Galicia responsible for?

answer: 10%

question: Which other countries was Spain at war with during the 16 century?

answer: Netherlands, France and England

text: Netherlands, France and England

question: In spite of these wars, which exports did Galicia's Atlantic trade consist of?

answer: sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine

text: sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine


text: A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: vessels

text: visiting

text: the

text: islands

text: were

text: attacked

text: and

text: their

text: crews

text: killed

text: In

text: Captain

text: DonSette

text: and

text: his

text: crew

text: were

text: killed

text: Similarly

text: in

text: the

text: schooner

text: Naiad

text: punished

text: a

text: native

text: for

text: stealing

text: with

text: such

text: violence

text: that

text: the

text: natives

text: attacked

text: the

text: ship

text: Later

text: that

text: year

text: a

text: whaler

text: 's

text: boat

text: crew

text: were

text: killed

text: In

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: based

text: ships

text: Glencoe

text: and

text: Sea

text: Nymph

text: were

text: attacked

text: and

text: everyone

text: aboard

text: except

text: for

text: one

text: crew

text: member

text: were

text: killed

text: The

text: violence

text: was

text: usually

text: attributed

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: ill

text: treatment

text: of

text: the

text: natives

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: petty

text: theft

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: common

text: practice

text: In

text: two

text: missionaries

text: successfully

text: settled

text: on

text: Ebon

text: living

text: among

text: the

text: natives

text: through

text: at

text: least

question: Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834?

answer: Captain DonSette

text: Captain DonSette

question: What vessel was attacked in 1845?

answer: Naiad

text: Naiad

question: What ships were attacked in 1852?

answer: Glencoe and Sea Nymph

text: Glencoe and Sea Nymph

question: In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands?

answer: 1857

question: On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands?

answer: Ebon

text: Ebon

question: Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834?

answer: Captain DonSette

text: Captain DonSette

question: In what year was the ship Naiad attacked by natives?

answer: 1845

question: What type of ship was the Naiad?

answer: schooner

text: schooner

question: Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: Where did missionaries live as of 1857?

answer: Ebon

text: Ebon


text: Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: South

text: Jersey

text: hugging

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: between

text: marshlands

text: and

text: islands

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: was

text: viewed

text: by

text: developers

text: as

text: prime

text: real

text: estate

text: and

text: a

text: potential

text: resort

text: town

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: commercial

text: hotel

text: The

text: Belloe

text: House

text: located

text: at

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Avenue

text: was

text: built

question: What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?

answer: The Belloe House

text: The Belloe House

question: In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?

answer: 1853

question: What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located?

answer: Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue

text: Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue

question: What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between?

answer: marshlands and islands

text: marshlands and islands

question: What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers?

answer: prime real estate and a potential resort town

text: prime real estate and a potential resort town


text: Performance of classical music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given composer or musical work (e.g., a Brahms symphony or a Mozart concerto).

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Performance

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: repertoire

text: requires

text: a

text: proficiency

text: in

text: sight

text: reading

text: and

text: ensemble

text: playing

text: harmonic

text: principles

text: strong

text: ear

text: training

text: to

text: correct

text: and

text: adjust

text: pitches

text: by

text: ear

text: knowledge

text: of

text: performance

text: practice

text: e.g.

text: Baroque

text: ornamentation

text: and

text: a

text: familiarity

text: with

text: the

text: style

text: musical

text: idiom

text: expected

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: composer

text: or

text: musical

text: work

text: e.g.

text: a

text: Brahms

text: symphony

text: or

text: a

text: Mozart

text: concerto

question: Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of reading?

answer: sight-reading

text: sight-reading

question: Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of principles?

answer: harmonic

text: harmonic

question: Familiarty with the style expected for any given composer is required for what kind of performance?

answer: classical music

text: classical music


text: In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a division into five periods. Natufian (1) between 12,000 and 10,200 BC, Khiamian (2) between 10,200-8,800 BC, PPNA: Sultanian (Jericho), Mureybetian, early PPNB (PPNB ancien) (3) between 8,800-7,600 BC, middle PPNB (PPNB moyen) 7,600-6,900 BC, late PPNB (PPNB récent) (4) between 7,500 and 7,000 BC and a PPNB (sometimes called PPNC) transitional stage (PPNB final) (5) where Halaf and dark faced burnished ware begin to emerge between 6,900-6,400 BC. They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: In

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: researchers

text: from

text: the

text: Maison

text: de

text: l'Orient

text: et

text: de

text: la

text: Méditerranée

text: including

text: Jacques

text: Cauvin

text: and

text: Oliver

text: Aurenche

text: divided

text: Near

text: East

text: neolithic

text: chronology

text: into

text: ten

text: periods

text: to

text: based

text: on

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: characteristics

text: In

text: Danielle

text: Stordeur

text: and

text: Frédéric

text: Abbès

text: advanced

text: this

text: system

text: with

text: a

text: division

text: into

text: five

text: periods

text: Natufian

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: Khiamian

text: between

text: BC

text: PPNA

text: Sultanian

text: Jericho

text: Mureybetian

text: early

text: PPNB

text: PPNB

text: ancien

text: between

text: BC

text: middle

text: PPNB

text: PPNB

text: moyen

text: BC

text: late

text: PPNB

text: PPNB

text: récent

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: and

text: a

text: PPNB

text: sometimes

text: called

text: PPNC

text: transitional

text: stage

text: PPNB

text: final

text: where

text: Halaf

text: and

text: dark

text: faced

text: burnished

text: ware

text: begin

text: to

text: emerge

text: between

text: BC

text: They

text: also

text: advanced

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: transitional

text: stage

text: between

text: the

text: PPNA

text: and

text: PPNB

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: at

text: sites

text: like

text: Jerf

text: el

text: Ahmar

text: and

text: Tell

text: Aswad

question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into ten periods?

answer: Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche

text: Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche

question: What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods?

answer: social, economic and cultural characteristics

text: social, economic and cultural characteristics

question: When was the original division of 10 advanced to a division of 5?

answer: 2002

question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into five periods?

answer: Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès

text: Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès


text: Miṣr (IPA: [mi̠sˤr] or Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mesˤɾ]; Arabic: مِصر) is the Classical Quranic Arabic and modern official name of Egypt, while Maṣr (IPA: [mɑsˤɾ]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصر) is the local pronunciation in Egyptian Arabic. The name is of Semitic origin, directly cognate with other Semitic words for Egypt such as the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (Mitzráyim). The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the Akkadian 𒆳 𒈪 𒄑 𒊒 KURmi-iṣ-ru miṣru, related to miṣru/miṣirru/miṣaru, meaning "border" or "frontier".

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Miṣr

text: IPA

text: mi̠sˤr

text: or

text: Egyptian

text: Arabic

text: pronunciation

text: mesˤɾ

text: Arabic

text: مِصر

text: is

text: the

text: Classical

text: Quranic

text: Arabic

text: and

text: modern

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: Egypt

text: while

text: Maṣr

text: IPA

text: mɑsˤɾ

text: Egyptian

text: Arabic

text: مَصر

text: is

text: the

text: local

text: pronunciation

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: Arabic

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: of

text: Semitic

text: origin

text: directly

text: cognate

text: with

text: other

text: Semitic

text: words

text: for

text: Egypt

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: מִצְרַיִם

text: Mitzráyim

text: The

text: oldest

text: attestation

text: of

text: this

text: name

text: for

text: Egypt

text: is

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: 𒆳

text: 𒈪

text: 𒄑

text: 𒊒

text: KURmi

text: iṣ

text: ru

text: miṣru

text: related

text: to

text: miṣru

text: miṣirru

text: miṣaru

text: meaning

text: border

text: or

text: frontier

question: What is the Egyptian Arabic name for Egypt?

answer: Miṣr

text: Miṣr

question: What is the Hebrew name for Egypt?

answer: מִצְרַיִם

text: מִצְרַיִם

question: What is the oldest term for Egypt?

answer: Akkadian

text: Akkadian

question: What does the oldest know term for Egypt translate to?

answer: "border" or "frontier".

text: "border" or "frontier".


text: On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed through torrential rain in defiance of a ban by local authorities. Later, they gathered in the city center near the government's headquarters, where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov, the republic's Communist Party leader, and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: September

text: thousands

text: of

text: Belorussians

text: denouncing

text: local

text: leaders

text: marched

text: through

text: Minsk

text: to

text: demand

text: additional

text: cleanup

text: of

text: the

text: Chernobyl

text: disaster

text: site

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: Up

text: to

text: protesters

text: wearing

text: armbands

text: bearing

text: radioactivity

text: symbols

text: and

text: carrying

text: the

text: banned

text: red

text: and

text: white

text: Belorussian

text: national

text: flag

text: filed

text: through

text: torrential

text: rain

text: in

text: defiance

text: of

text: a

text: ban

text: by

text: local

text: authorities

text: Later

text: they

text: gathered

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: near

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: where

text: speakers

text: demanded

text: resignation

text: of

text: Yefrem

text: Sokolov

text: the

text: republic

text: 's

text: Communist

text: Party

text: leader

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: contaminated

text: zones

question: What did the Belorussians wish to be cleaned up?

answer: Chernobyl disaster site

text: Chernobyl disaster site

question: Where did the Chernobyl Disaster occur?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine

question: When did the Chernobyl disaster happen?

answer: 1986

question: What symbol did the protesters wear on their arms?

answer: radioactivity symbols

text: radioactivity symbols

question: How was the weather during the protest?

answer: torrential rain

text: torrential rain


text: American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only does the Silver Samurai make over 350 comic book appearances, the character is playable in several video games, such as Marvel Vs. Capcom 1 and 2. In 2013, the samurai villain was depicted in James Mangold’s film The Wolverine. Ten years before the Wolverine debuted, another film helped pave the way to ensure the samurai were made known to American cinema: A film released in 2003 titled The Last Samurai, starring Tom Cruise, is inspired by the samurai way of life. In the film, Cruise’s character finds himself deeply immersed in samurai culture. The character in the film, “Nathan Algren, is a fictional contrivance to make nineteenth-century Japanese history less foreign to American viewers”.(Ravina, 2010) After being captured by a group of samurai rebels, he becomes empathetic towards the cause they fight for. Taking place during the Meiji Period, Tom Cruise plays the role of US Army Captain Nathan Algren, who travels to Japan to train a rookie army in fighting off samurai rebel groups. Becoming a product of his environment, Algren joins the samurai clan in an attempt to rescue a captured samurai leader. “By the end of the film, he has clearly taken on many of the samurai traits, such as zen-like mastery of the sword, and a budding understanding of spirituality”. (Manion, 2006)

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: American

text: comic

text: books

text: have

text: adopted

text: the

text: character

text: type

text: for

text: stories

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: like

text: the

text: mutant

text: villain

text: Silver

text: Samurai

text: of

text: Marvel

text: Comics

text: The

text: design

text: of

text: this

text: character

text: preserves

text: the

text: samurai

text: appearance

text: the

text: villain

text: is

text: Clad

text: in

text: traditional

text: gleaming

text: samurai

text: armor

text: and

text: wielding

text: an

text: energy

text: charged

text: katana

text: Buxton

text: Not

text: only

text: does

text: the

text: Silver

text: Samurai

text: make

text: over

text: comic

text: book

text: appearances

text: the

text: character

text: is

text: playable

text: in

text: several

text: video

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: Marvel

text: Vs

text: Capcom

text: and

text: In

text: the

text: samurai

text: villain

text: was

text: depicted

text: in

text: James

text: Mangold

text: ’s

text: film

text: The

text: Wolverine

text: Ten

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: Wolverine

text: debuted

text: another

text: film

text: helped

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: samurai

text: were

text: made

text: known

text: to

text: American

text: cinema

text: A

text: film

text: released

text: in

text: titled

text: The

text: Last

text: Samurai

text: starring

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: is

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: samurai

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: In

text: the

text: film

text: Cruise

text: ’s

text: character

text: finds

text: himself

text: deeply

text: immersed

text: in

text: samurai

text: culture

text: The

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Nathan

text: Algren

text: is

text: a

text: fictional

text: contrivance

text: to

text: make

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Japanese

text: history

text: less

text: foreign

text: to

text: American

text: viewers”.(Ravina

text: After

text: being

text: captured

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: samurai

text: rebels

text: he

text: becomes

text: empathetic

text: towards

text: the

text: cause

text: they

text: fight

text: for

text: Taking

text: place

text: during

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Period

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: plays

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: US

text: Army

text: Captain

text: Nathan

text: Algren

text: who

text: travels

text: to

text: Japan

text: to

text: train

text: a

text: rookie

text: army

text: in

text: fighting

text: off

text: samurai

text: rebel

text: groups

text: Becoming

text: a

text: product

text: of

text: his

text: environment

text: Algren

text: joins

text: the

text: samurai

text: clan

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: rescue

text: a

text: captured

text: samurai

text: leader

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: he

text: has

text: clearly

text: taken

text: on

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: samurai

text: traits

text: such

text: as

text: zen

text: like

text: mastery

text: of

text: the

text: sword

text: and

text: a

text: budding

text: understanding

text: of

text: spirituality

text: Manion

question: In what company's comics did Silver Samurai appear?

answer: Marvel

text: Marvel

question: What is Silver Samurai's weapon?

answer: an energy charged katana

text: an energy charged katana

question: How many comic books has Silver Samurai appeared in?

answer: over 350

text: over 350

question: Who starred in The Last Samurai?

answer: Tom Cruise

text: Tom Cruise

question: Who did Tom Cruise play in The Last Samurai?

answer: US Army Captain Nathan Algren

text: US Army Captain Nathan Algren


text: One of the uses for scales that assess sexual orientation is determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population. Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed: sexual attraction, sexual behavior, or sexual identity. Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population whereby the proportion of individuals indicating they are same sex attracted is two to three times greater than the proportion reporting same sex behavior or identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Furthermore, reports of same sex behavior usually exceed those of gay, lesbian, or bisexual identification. The following chart demonstrates how widely the prevalence of homosexuality can vary depending on what age, location and component of sexual orientation is being assessed:

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: uses

text: for

text: scales

text: that

text: assess

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: determining

text: what

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: different

text: sexual

text: orientations

text: are

text: within

text: a

text: population

text: Depending

text: on

text: subject

text: 's

text: age

text: culture

text: and

text: sex

text: the

text: prevalence

text: rates

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: vary

text: depending

text: on

text: which

text: component

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: being

text: assessed

text: sexual

text: attraction

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: or

text: sexual

text: identity

text: Assessing

text: sexual

text: attraction

text: will

text: yield

text: the

text: greatest

text: prevalence

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: in

text: a

text: population

text: whereby

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: individuals

text: indicating

text: they

text: are

text: same

text: sex

text: attracted

text: is

text: two

text: to

text: three

text: times

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: proportion

text: reporting

text: same

text: sex

text: behavior

text: or

text: identify

text: as

text: gay

text: lesbian

text: or

text: bisexual

text: Furthermore

text: reports

text: of

text: same

text: sex

text: behavior

text: usually

text: exceed

text: those

text: of

text: gay

text: lesbian

text: or

text: bisexual

text: identification

text: The

text: following

text: chart

text: demonstrates

text: how

text: widely

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: can

text: vary

text: depending

text: on

text: what

text: age

text: location

text: and

text: component

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: being

text: assessed

question: What can the scales for sexual orientation be used for?

answer: determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population

text: determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population

question: What will cause the amount of homosexuality to vary?

answer: which component of sexual orientation is being assessed

text: which component of sexual orientation is being assessed

question: Out of sexual attraction, sexual behovior, and sexual identity which will show more accurately the amount of homosexuals in a population?

answer: Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population

text: Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population


text: The In-no-cho filled the void left by the decline of Fujiwara power. Rather than being banished, the Fujiwara were mostly retained in their old positions of civil dictator and minister of the center while being bypassed in decision making. In time, many of the Fujiwara were replaced, mostly by members of the rising Minamoto family. While the Fujiwara fell into disputes among themselves and formed northern and southern factions, the insei system allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over the throne. The period from 1086 to 1156 was the age of supremacy of the In-no-cho and of the rise of the military class throughout the country. Military might rather than civil authority dominated the government.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: The

text: In

text: no

text: cho

text: filled

text: the

text: void

text: left

text: by

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Fujiwara

text: power

text: Rather

text: than

text: being

text: banished

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: were

text: mostly

text: retained

text: in

text: their

text: old

text: positions

text: of

text: civil

text: dictator

text: and

text: minister

text: of

text: the

text: center

text: while

text: being

text: bypassed

text: in

text: decision

text: making

text: In

text: time

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: were

text: replaced

text: mostly

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: Minamoto

text: family

text: While

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: fell

text: into

text: disputes

text: among

text: themselves

text: and

text: formed

text: northern

text: and

text: southern

text: factions

text: the

text: insei

text: system

text: allowed

text: the

text: paternal

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: to

text: gain

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: throne

text: The

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: was

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: supremacy

text: of

text: the

text: In

text: no

text: cho

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: class

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: Military

text: might

text: rather

text: than

text: civil

text: authority

text: dominated

text: the

text: government

question: The decline of the Fujiwara's governmental power was filled by what?

answer: In-no-cho

text: In-no-cho

question: The members of what clan gradually replaced the Fujiwaras?

answer: Minamoto

text: Minamoto

question: What allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over royal succession?

answer: insei system

text: insei system

question: The In-no-cho was prominent during what years?

answer: 1086 to 1156

text: 1086 to 1156


text: In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities including the development of party manifestos, party constitutions and campaigning skills. Developing links between ideologically linked parties is another common feature of international support for a party. Sometimes this can be perceived as directly supporting the political aims of a political party, such as the support of the US government to the Georgian party behind the Rose Revolution. Other donors work on a more neutral basis, where multiple donors provide grants in countries accessible by all parties for various aims defined by the recipients. There have been calls by leading development think-tanks, such as the Overseas Development Institute, to increase support to political parties as part of developing the capacity to deal with the demands of interest-driven donors to improve governance.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: In

text: fledgling

text: democracies

text: funding

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: provided

text: by

text: foreign

text: aid

text: International

text: donors

text: provide

text: financing

text: to

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: promote

text: democracy

text: and

text: good

text: governance

text: Support

text: can

text: be

text: purely

text: financial

text: or

text: otherwise

text: Frequently

text: it

text: is

text: provided

text: as

text: capacity

text: development

text: activities

text: including

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: party

text: manifestos

text: party

text: constitutions

text: and

text: campaigning

text: skills

text: Developing

text: links

text: between

text: ideologically

text: linked

text: parties

text: is

text: another

text: common

text: feature

text: of

text: international

text: support

text: for

text: a

text: party

text: Sometimes

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: perceived

text: as

text: directly

text: supporting

text: the

text: political

text: aims

text: of

text: a

text: political

text: party

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: government

text: to

text: the

text: Georgian

text: party

text: behind

text: the

text: Rose

text: Revolution

text: Other

text: donors

text: work

text: on

text: a

text: more

text: neutral

text: basis

text: where

text: multiple

text: donors

text: provide

text: grants

text: in

text: countries

text: accessible

text: by

text: all

text: parties

text: for

text: various

text: aims

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: recipients

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: calls

text: by

text: leading

text: development

text: think

text: tanks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Overseas

text: Development

text: Institute

text: to

text: increase

text: support

text: to

text: political

text: parties

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: developing

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: demands

text: of

text: interest

text: driven

text: donors

text: to

text: improve

text: governance

question: What can also be provided by foreign aid?

answer: funding

text: funding

question: What do international donors do to promote democracy?

answer: provide financing to political parties in developing countries

text: provide financing to political parties in developing countries

question: What is another common occurrence of international support for a party?

answer: Developing links between ideologically linked parties

text: Developing links between ideologically linked parties

question: What does the overseas development institute want to do?

answer: to increase support to political parties

text: to increase support to political parties


text: Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students. Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science. (Lakatos significantly modified Popper's position,:1 and Feyerabend repudiated it entirely, but the work of both is deeply influenced by Popper and engaged with many of the problems that Popper set.)

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: played

text: a

text: vital

text: role

text: in

text: establishing

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: science

text: as

text: a

text: vigorous

text: autonomous

text: discipline

text: within

text: philosophy

text: through

text: his

text: own

text: prolific

text: and

text: influential

text: works

text: and

text: also

text: through

text: his

text: influence

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: contemporaries

text: and

text: students

text: Popper

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Philosophy

text: Logic

text: and

text: Scientific

text: Method

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: School

text: of

text: Economics

text: and

text: there

text: lectured

text: and

text: influenced

text: both

text: Imre

text: Lakatos

text: and

text: Paul

text: Feyerabend

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: foremost

text: philosophers

text: of

text: science

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: of

text: philosophy

text: of

text: science

text: Lakatos

text: significantly

text: modified

text: Popper

text: 's

text: and

text: Feyerabend

text: repudiated

text: it

text: entirely

text: but

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: both

text: is

text: deeply

text: influenced

text: by

text: Popper

text: and

text: engaged

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: problems

text: that

text: Popper

text: set

question: What branch of philosophy did Popper advance the most?

answer: philosophy of science

text: philosophy of science

question: Which department did Popper found at the London School of Economics?

answer: Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method

text: Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method

question: Which two major philosophers of science learned a great deal from Popper at the London School Economics?

answer: Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend

text: Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend

question: What did Paul Feyerabend ultimate do to Popper's philosophy of science?

answer: repudiated it entirely

text: repudiated it entirely

question: Where did Popper establish a university department for the philosophy of science in 1946?

answer: London School of Economics

text: London School of Economics


text: Latency results from the methods used to encode and decode the data. Some codecs will analyze a longer segment of the data to optimize efficiency, and then code it in a manner that requires a larger segment of data at one time to decode. (Often codecs create segments called a "frame" to create discrete data segments for encoding and decoding.) The inherent latency of the coding algorithm can be critical; for example, when there is a two-way transmission of data, such as with a telephone conversation, significant delays may seriously degrade the perceived quality.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Latency

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: methods

text: used

text: to

text: encode

text: and

text: decode

text: the

text: data

text: Some

text: codecs

text: will

text: analyze

text: a

text: longer

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: data

text: to

text: optimize

text: efficiency

text: and

text: then

text: code

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: that

text: requires

text: a

text: larger

text: segment

text: of

text: data

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: to

text: decode

text: Often

text: codecs

text: create

text: segments

text: called

text: a

text: frame

text: to

text: create

text: discrete

text: data

text: segments

text: for

text: encoding

text: and

text: decoding

text: The

text: inherent

text: latency

text: of

text: the

text: coding

text: algorithm

text: can

text: be

text: critical

text: for

text: example

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: two

text: way

text: transmission

text: of

text: data

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: a

text: telephone

text: conversation

text: significant

text: delays

text: may

text: seriously

text: degrade

text: the

text: perceived

text: quality

question: What results from methods used to encode and decode data?

answer: Latency

text: Latency

question: What analyzes a statement of data to boost performance?

answer: codecs

text: codecs

question: What creates segments called a "frame"?

answer: codecs

text: codecs


text: In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A study commissioned by the institute had said that experience had proved that the goal of individualized decisions about who should be executed and the goal of systemic fairness for minorities and others could not be reconciled.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: American

text: Law

text: Institute

text: voted

text: to

text: disavow

text: the

text: framework

text: for

text: capital

text: punishment

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: created

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Model

text: Penal

text: Code

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: intractable

text: institutional

text: and

text: structural

text: obstacles

text: to

text: ensuring

text: a

text: minimally

text: adequate

text: system

text: for

text: administering

text: capital

text: punishment

text: A

text: study

text: commissioned

text: by

text: the

text: institute

text: had

text: said

text: that

text: experience

text: had

text: proved

text: that

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: individualized

text: decisions

text: about

text: who

text: should

text: be

text: executed

text: and

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: systemic

text: fairness

text: for

text: minorities

text: and

text: others

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: reconciled

question: In what year did the American Law Institute create a death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code?

answer: 1962

question: In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the death penalty to the Model Penal Code?

answer: 2009

question: What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?

answer: systemic fairness for minorities

text: systemic fairness for minorities


text: Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somalis

text: Somali

text: Soomaali

text: Arabic

text: صومال

text: are

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: Somali

text: Peninsula

text: The

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: Somalis

text: speak

text: the

text: Somali

text: language

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cushitic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Afro

text: Asiatic

text: family

text: They

text: are

text: predominantly

text: Sunni

text: Muslim

text: Ethnic

text: Somalis

text: number

text: around

text: million

text: and

text: are

text: principally

text: concentrated

text: in

text: Somalia

text: around

text: million

text: Ethiopia

text: million

text: Kenya

text: million

text: and

text: Djibouti

text: with

text: many

text: also

text: residing

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

question: What language family is Somali a part of?

answer: Afro-Asiatic

text: Afro-Asiatic

question: What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?

answer: Cushitic

text: Cushitic

question: What is the majority religion of Somalis?

answer: Sunni Muslim

text: Sunni Muslim

question: How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?

answer: 12.3 million

text: 12.3 million

question: What country has the second largest Somali population?

answer: Ethiopia

text: Ethiopia


text: Hellenistic culture produced seats of learning throughout the Mediterranean. Hellenistic science differed from Greek science in at least two ways: first, it benefited from the cross-fertilization of Greek ideas with those that had developed in the larger Hellenistic world; secondly, to some extent, it was supported by royal patrons in the kingdoms founded by Alexander's successors. Especially important to Hellenistic science was the city of Alexandria in Egypt, which became a major center of scientific research in the 3rd century BC. Hellenistic scholars frequently employed the principles developed in earlier Greek thought: the application of mathematics and deliberate empirical research, in their scientific investigations.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Hellenistic

text: culture

text: produced

text: seats

text: of

text: learning

text: throughout

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Hellenistic

text: science

text: differed

text: from

text: Greek

text: science

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: ways

text: first

text: it

text: benefited

text: from

text: the

text: cross

text: fertilization

text: of

text: Greek

text: ideas

text: with

text: those

text: that

text: had

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: Hellenistic

text: world

text: secondly

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: it

text: was

text: supported

text: by

text: royal

text: patrons

text: in

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: founded

text: by

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: successors

text: Especially

text: important

text: to

text: Hellenistic

text: science

text: was

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: Egypt

text: which

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: scientific

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Hellenistic

text: scholars

text: frequently

text: employed

text: the

text: principles

text: developed

text: in

text: earlier

text: Greek

text: thought

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: mathematics

text: and

text: deliberate

text: empirical

text: research

text: in

text: their

text: scientific

text: investigations

question: The Royal patrons of Alexander's successors supported what type of science?

answer: Hellenistic

text: Hellenistic

question: What city was especially important to Hellinistic science?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: What century did Alexandria become scientific research hub?

answer: 3rd


text: Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion. According to the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures, the CIA's fiscal 2013 budget is $14.7 billion, 28% of the total and almost 50% more than the budget of the National Security Agency. CIA's HUMINT budget is $2.3 billion, the SIGINT budget is $1.7 billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5 billion. "Covert action programs", including a variety of activities such as the CIA's drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities, accounts for $2.6 billion.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: Details

text: of

text: the

text: overall

text: United

text: States

text: intelligence

text: budget

text: are

text: classified

text: Under

text: the

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: Act

text: of

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: federal

text: government

text: employee

text: who

text: can

text: spend

text: un

text: vouchered

text: government

text: money

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: disclosed

text: a

text: total

text: figure

text: for

text: all

text: non

text: military

text: intelligence

text: spending

text: since

text: the

text: fiscal

text: figure

text: is

text: billion

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: surveillance

text: disclosures

text: the

text: CIA

text: 's

text: fiscal

text: budget

text: is

text: billion

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: and

text: almost

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: budget

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Agency

text: CIA

text: 's

text: HUMINT

text: budget

text: is

text: billion

text: the

text: SIGINT

text: budget

text: is

text: billion

text: and

text: spending

text: for

text: security

text: and

text: logistics

text: of

text: CIA

text: missions

text: is

text: billion

text: Covert

text: action

text: programs

text: including

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: CIA

text: 's

text: drone

text: fleet

text: and

text: anti

text: Iranian

text: nuclear

text: program

text: activities

text: accounts

text: for

text: billion

question: What year was the Central Intelligence Agency Act created?

answer: 1949

question: How much money was spent on non-military intelligence in 2013?

answer: $52.6 billion

text: $52.6 billion

question: Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money?

answer: the Director of Central Intelligence

text: the Director of Central Intelligence

question: What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT?

answer: $2.3 billion

text: $2.3 billion

question: What two major things does the CIA's "Covert action programs" include?

answer: drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities

text: drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities


text: Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian grow in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental. Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius, and 40 species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps, in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 m (4,921 to 7,874 ft). Writing about the gentians in Switzerland D. H. Lawrence described them as "darkening the day-time, torch-like with the smoking blueness of Pluto's gloom." Gentians tend to "appear" repeatedly as the spring blooming takes place at progressively later dates, moving from the lower altitude to the higher altitude meadows where the snow melts much later than in the valleys. On the highest rocky ledges the spring flowers bloom in the summer.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Alpine

text: plants

text: such

text: the

text: Alpine

text: gentian

text: grow

text: in

text: abundance

text: in

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: meadows

text: above

text: the

text: Lauterbrunnental

text: Gentians

text: are

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Illyrian

text: king

text: Gentius

text: and

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: spring

text: blooming

text: flower

text: grow

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: in

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: to

text: m

text: to

text: ft

text: Writing

text: about

text: the

text: gentians

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: D.

text: H.

text: Lawrence

text: described

text: them

text: as

text: darkening

text: the

text: day

text: time

text: torch

text: like

text: with

text: the

text: smoking

text: blueness

text: of

text: Pluto

text: 's

text: gloom

text: Gentians

text: tend

text: to

text: appear

text: repeatedly

text: as

text: the

text: spring

text: blooming

text: takes

text: place

text: at

text: progressively

text: later

text: dates

text: moving

text: from

text: the

text: lower

text: altitude

text: to

text: the

text: higher

text: altitude

text: meadows

text: where

text: the

text: snow

text: melts

text: much

text: later

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: valleys

text: On

text: the

text: highest

text: rocky

text: ledges

text: the

text: spring

text: flowers

text: bloom

text: in

text: the

text: summer

question: What grows in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental?

answer: Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian

text: Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian

question: What are Gentians named after?

answer: the Illyrian king Gentius

text: the Illyrian king Gentius

question: How many species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps?

answer: 40 species

text: 40 species


text: From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: From

text: the

text: census[update

text: or

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: while

text: or

text: were

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: there

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: church

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: there

text: were

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: belonged

text: to

text: another

text: Christian

text: church

text: There

text: were

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: were

text: Jewish

text: and

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: were

text: Muslim

text: There

text: were

text: persons

text: who

text: were

text: Buddhist

text: persons

text: who

text: were

text: Hindu

text: and

text: persons

text: who

text: belonged

text: to

text: another

text: church

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: belonged

text: to

text: no

text: church

text: are

text: agnostic

text: or

text: atheist

text: and

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: did

text: not

text: answer

text: the

text: question

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Haus

text: der

text: Religionen

text: was

text: inaugurated

question: What percent of the population were Roman Catholic?

answer: 24.5%

question: How much of the population is Jewish in Bern?

answer: .25%

question: How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000?

answer: 4,907

question: How much of the population had no religion?

answer: 12.72%


text: In 1695, the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland, which established a settlement in 1698 on the isthmus of Panama. Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada, and afflicted by malaria, the colony was abandoned two years later. The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland—a quarter of Scottish capital was lost in the enterprise—and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire. The episode also had major political consequences, persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries, rather than just crowns. This occurred in 1707 with the Treaty of Union, establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: granted

text: a

text: charter

text: to

text: the

text: Company

text: of

text: Scotland

text: which

text: established

text: a

text: settlement

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: isthmus

text: of

text: Panama

text: Besieged

text: by

text: neighbouring

text: Spanish

text: colonists

text: of

text: New

text: Granada

text: and

text: afflicted

text: by

text: malaria

text: the

text: colony

text: was

text: abandoned

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: The

text: Darien

text: scheme

text: was

text: a

text: financial

text: disaster

text: for

text: Scotland

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: Scottish

text: capital

text: was

text: lost

text: in

text: the

text: enterprise

text: and

text: ended

text: Scottish

text: hopes

text: of

text: establishing

text: its

text: own

text: overseas

text: empire

text: The

text: episode

text: also

text: had

text: major

text: political

text: consequences

text: persuading

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: both

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: of

text: the

text: merits

text: of

text: a

text: union

text: of

text: countries

text: rather

text: than

text: just

text: crowns

text: This

text: occurred

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Union

text: establishing

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

question: When was the Company of Scotland granted a charter?

answer: 1695

question: When was Panama colonized by Scotland?

answer: 1698

question: How long did the Scottish Panama colony survive?

answer: two years

text: two years

question: How much Scottish capital was lost in the Panama colony attempt?

answer: a quarter

text: a quarter

question: When was the Treaty of Union?

answer: 1707


text: In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie camera. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western. I made it and got my merit badge. That was how it all started." At age thirteen, while living in Phoenix, Spielberg won a prize for a 40-minute war film he titled Escape to Nowhere, using a cast composed of other high school friends. That motivated him to make 15 more amateur 8mm films.:548 In 1963, at age sixteen, Spielberg wrote and directed his first independent film, a 140-minute science fiction adventure called Firelight, which would later inspire Close Encounters. The film was made for $500, most of which came from his father, and was shown in a local cinema for one evening, which earned back its cost.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: In

text: he

text: became

text: a

text: Boy

text: Scout

text: and

text: fulfilled

text: a

text: requirement

text: for

text: the

text: photography

text: merit

text: badge

text: by

text: making

text: a

text: nine

text: minute

text: mm

text: film

text: entitled

text: The

text: Last

text: Gunfight

text: Years

text: later

text: Spielberg

text: recalled

text: to

text: a

text: magazine

text: interviewer

text: My

text: dad

text: 's

text: still

text: camera

text: was

text: broken

text: so

text: I

text: asked

text: the

text: scoutmaster

text: if

text: I

text: could

text: tell

text: a

text: story

text: with

text: my

text: father

text: 's

text: movie

text: camera

text: He

text: said

text: yes

text: and

text: I

text: got

text: an

text: idea

text: to

text: do

text: a

text: Western

text: I

text: made

text: it

text: and

text: got

text: my

text: merit

text: badge

text: That

text: was

text: how

text: it

text: all

text: started

text: At

text: age

text: thirteen

text: while

text: living

text: in

text: Phoenix

text: Spielberg

text: won

text: a

text: prize

text: for

text: a

text: war

text: film

text: he

text: titled

text: Escape

text: to

text: Nowhere

text: using

text: a

text: cast

text: composed

text: of

text: other

text: high

text: school

text: friends

text: That

text: motivated

text: him

text: to

text: make

text: more

text: amateur

text: mm

text: In

text: at

text: age

text: sixteen

text: Spielberg

text: wrote

text: and

text: directed

text: his

text: first

text: independent

text: film

text: a

text: science

text: fiction

text: adventure

text: called

text: Firelight

text: which

text: would

text: later

text: inspire

text: Close

text: Encounters

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: made

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: came

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: was

text: shown

text: in

text: a

text: local

text: cinema

text: for

text: one

text: evening

text: which

text: earned

text: back

text: its

text: cost

question: What was Spielberg's first indepenent film?

answer: Firelight

text: Firelight

question: How long was Spielberg's film "Escape to Nowhere"?

answer: 40-minute

question: How much money did Spielberg spend to film Close Encounters?

answer: $500

question: Who did Spielberg get money from to film Close Encounters?

answer: his father

text: his father

question: What genre was Spielberg's first film "The Last Gunfight"

answer: Western

text: Western

question: When did Spielberg join the Boy Scouts?

answer: 1958

question: What film did Spielberg make to earn a merit badge?

answer: The Last Gunfight

text: The Last Gunfight

question: Why did Spielberg make a movie instead of taking still photos for the photography merit badge?

answer: dad's still-camera was broken

text: dad's still-camera was broken

question: At what age did Spielberg make 'Escape to Nowhere'?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen

question: What film led to Close Encounters?

answer: Firelight

text: Firelight


text: Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Other

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: while

text: not

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: do

text: have

text: a

text: major

text: presence

text: These

text: include

text: SunTrust

text: Bank

text: based

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Capital

text: One

text: Financial

text: Corporation

text: officially

text: based

text: in

text: McLean

text: Virginia

text: but

text: founded

text: in

text: Richmond

text: with

text: its

text: operations

text: center

text: and

text: most

text: employees

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: medical

text: and

text: pharmaceutical

text: giant

text: McKesson

text: based

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Capital

text: One

text: and

text: Altria

text: company

text: 's

text: Philip

text: Morris

text: USA

text: are

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: private

text: Richmond

text: area

text: employers

text: DuPont

text: maintains

text: a

text: production

text: facility

text: in

text: South

text: Richmond

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Spruance

text: Plant

text: UPS

text: Freight

text: the

text: less

text: than

text: truckload

text: division

text: of

text: UPS

text: and

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Overnite

text: Transportation

text: has

text: its

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Richmond

question: Where is SunTrust Bank headquartered?

answer: Atlanta

text: Atlanta

question: What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: Who owns Philip Morris USA?

answer: Altria

text: Altria

question: What DuPont factory is located in the Richmond area?

answer: Spruance Plant

text: Spruance Plant

question: What was the former name of UPS Freight?

answer: Overnite Transportation

text: Overnite Transportation


text: In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. It was part of a large expansion of British territory following the country's victory in the Seven Years' War. Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba. The British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British named "Cow Ford", both names ostensibly reflecting the fact that cattle were brought across the river there.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: In

text: Spain

text: traded

text: Florida

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: Havana

text: Cuba

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: captured

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: during

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: It

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: expansion

text: of

text: British

text: territory

text: following

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: Almost

text: the

text: entire

text: Spanish

text: population

text: left

text: taking

text: along

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: remaining

text: indigenous

text: population

text: to

text: Cuba

text: The

text: British

text: soon

text: constructed

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: Road

text: connecting

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: to

text: Georgia

text: The

text: road

text: crossed

text: the

text: St.

text: Johns

text: River

text: at

text: a

text: narrow

text: point

text: which

text: the

text: Seminole

text: called

text: Wacca

text: Pilatka

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: named

text: Cow

text: Ford

text: both

text: names

text: ostensibly

text: reflecting

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: cattle

text: were

text: brought

text: across

text: the

text: river

text: there

question: What did Spain trade Florida for

answer: In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba

text: In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba

question: Who did the Spanish take from Florida to Cuba

answer: Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba

text: Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba

question: What road did the British construct

answer: the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia

text: the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia

question: What river does the Kings road cross

answer: the St. Johns River

text: the St. Johns River


text: Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations annual conclaves. The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: destination

text: for

text: its

text: world

text: class

text: trout

text: fisheries

text: since

text: the

text: Fly

text: fishing

text: for

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: native

text: and

text: introduced

text: trout

text: in

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: is

text: popular

text: for

text: both

text: residents

text: and

text: tourists

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: Montana

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Federation

text: of

text: Fly

text: Fishers

text: and

text: hosts

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: organizations

text: annual

text: conclaves

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: robust

text: recreational

text: lake

text: trout

text: and

text: kokanee

text: salmon

text: fisheries

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: walleye

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: while

text: northern

text: pike

text: smallmouth

text: and

text: largemouth

text: bass

text: fisheries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: catfish

text: and

text: paddlefish

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: waters

text: of

text: eastern

text: Montana

text: Robert

text: Redford

text: 's

text: film

text: of

text: Norman

text: Mclean

text: 's

text: novel

text: A

text: River

text: Runs

text: Through

text: It

text: was

text: filmed

text: in

text: Montana

text: and

text: brought

text: national

text: attention

text: to

text: fly

text: fishing

text: and

text: the

text: state

question: Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries?

answer: 1930s

question: What fishing organization has its home here?

answer: Federation of Fly Fishers

text: Federation of Fly Fishers

question: What type of fisheries does the state have?

answer: trout and kokanee salmon fisheries

text: trout and kokanee salmon fisheries

question: What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002?

answer: A River Runs Through It

text: A River Runs Through It


text: Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement. Shramana gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death, the concept of samsara, and the concept of liberation. Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Increasing

text: urbanisation

text: of

text: India

text: in

text: and

text: centuries

text: BCE

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: new

text: ascetic

text: or

text: shramana

text: movements

text: which

text: challenged

text: the

text: orthodoxy

text: of

text: rituals

text: Mahavira

text: c.

text: BC

text: proponent

text: of

text: Jainism

text: and

text: Buddha

text: c.

text: founder

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: icons

text: of

text: this

text: movement

text: Shramana

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: cycle

text: of

text: birth

text: and

text: death

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: samsara

text: and

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: liberation

text: Buddha

text: found

text: a

text: Middle

text: Way

text: that

text: ameliorated

text: the

text: extreme

text: asceticism

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Sramana

text: religions

question: What did the shramana movements challenge?

answer: orthodoxy of rituals

text: orthodoxy of rituals

question: Who was the founder of Jainism?

answer: Mahavira

text: Mahavira

question: What prominent icon founded Buddhism?

answer: Buddha

text: Buddha

question: What path did Buddha find to soothe the strictness of Sramana religions?

answer: Middle Way

text: Middle Way

question: What belief system taught the idea of samsara?

answer: Shramana

text: Shramana


text: In 1718, at the behest of either Rector Samuel Andrew or the colony's Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, Cotton Mather contacted a successful businessman named Elihu Yale, who lived in Wales but had been born in Boston and whose father, David, had been one of the original settlers in New Haven, to ask him for financial help in constructing a new building for the college. Through the persuasion of Jeremiah Dummer, Yale, who had made a fortune through trade while living in Madras as a representative of the East India Company, donated nine bales of goods, which were sold for more than £560, a substantial sum at the time. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College. Meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and theology. It had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Locke's works and developed his original theology known as the "new divinity." In 1722 the Rector and six of his friends, who had a study group to discuss the new ideas, announced that they had given up Calvinism, become Arminians, and joined the Church of England. They were ordained in England and returned to the colonies as missionaries for the Anglican faith. Thomas Clapp became president in 1745, and struggled to return the college to Calvinist orthodoxy; but he did not close the library. Other students found Deist books in the library.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: In

text: at

text: the

text: behest

text: of

text: either

text: Rector

text: Samuel

text: Andrew

text: or

text: the

text: colony

text: 's

text: Governor

text: Gurdon

text: Saltonstall

text: Cotton

text: Mather

text: contacted

text: a

text: successful

text: businessman

text: named

text: Elihu

text: Yale

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: Wales

text: but

text: had

text: been

text: born

text: in

text: Boston

text: and

text: whose

text: father

text: David

text: had

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: settlers

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: to

text: ask

text: him

text: for

text: financial

text: help

text: in

text: constructing

text: a

text: new

text: building

text: for

text: the

text: college

text: Through

text: the

text: persuasion

text: of

text: Jeremiah

text: Dummer

text: Yale

text: who

text: had

text: made

text: a

text: fortune

text: through

text: trade

text: while

text: living

text: in

text: Madras

text: as

text: a

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: donated

text: nine

text: bales

text: of

text: goods

text: which

text: were

text: sold

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: substantial

text: sum

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Cotton

text: Mather

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: school

text: change

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: Yale

text: College

text: Meanwhile

text: a

text: Harvard

text: graduate

text: working

text: in

text: England

text: convinced

text: some

text: prominent

text: intellectuals

text: that

text: they

text: should

text: donate

text: books

text: to

text: Yale

text: The

text: shipment

text: of

text: books

text: represented

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: modern

text: English

text: literature

text: science

text: philosophy

text: and

text: theology

text: It

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: effect

text: on

text: intellectuals

text: at

text: Yale

text: Undergraduate

text: Jonathan

text: Edwards

text: discovered

text: John

text: Locke

text: 's

text: works

text: and

text: developed

text: his

text: original

text: theology

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: divinity

text: In

text: the

text: Rector

text: and

text: six

text: of

text: his

text: friends

text: who

text: had

text: a

text: study

text: group

text: to

text: discuss

text: the

text: new

text: ideas

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: given

text: up

text: Calvinism

text: become

text: Arminians

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: They

text: were

text: ordained

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: colonies

text: as

text: missionaries

text: for

text: the

text: Anglican

text: faith

text: Thomas

text: Clapp

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: and

text: struggled

text: to

text: return

text: the

text: college

text: to

text: Calvinist

text: orthodoxy

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: close

text: the

text: library

text: Other

text: students

text: found

text: Deist

text: books

text: in

text: the

text: library

question: Where did Elihu Yale grow up?

answer: Wales

text: Wales

question: Where was Elihu Yale born?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: What was Elihu Yale's father's name?

answer: David

text: David

question: Who suggested the new name of Yale?

answer: Cotton Mather

text: Cotton Mather

question: How many books were in the 1714 shipment to Yale?

answer: 500