text: In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke. The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today. A governor device engages knurled roller(s), locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed. He demonstrated it at the New York exposition in the Crystal Palace in a dramatic, death-defying presentation in 1854, and the first such passenger elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City on March 23, 1857.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: In

text: Elisha

text: Otis

text: introduced

text: the

text: safety

text: elevator

text: which

text: prevented

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: cab

text: if

text: the

text: cable

text: broke

text: The

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Otis

text: safety

text: elevator

text: is

text: somewhat

text: similar

text: to

text: one

text: type

text: still

text: used

text: today

text: A

text: governor

text: device

text: engages

text: knurled

text: roller(s

text: locking

text: the

text: elevator

text: to

text: its

text: guides

text: should

text: the

text: elevator

text: descend

text: at

text: excessive

text: speed

text: He

text: demonstrated

text: it

text: at

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: exposition

text: in

text: the

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: in

text: a

text: dramatic

text: death

text: defying

text: presentation

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: such

text: passenger

text: elevator

text: was

text: installed

text: at

text: Broadway

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: on

text: March

question: Who created the safety elevator in 1852?

answer: Elisha Otis

text: Elisha Otis

question: What feature did the safety elevator display?

answer: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke

text: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke

question: What did the govenor device engage to lock the elevator?

answer: knurled roller(s)

text: knurled roller(s)

question: At what location was it first presented?

answer: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace

text: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace

question: Where was the first safety elevator installed?

answer: 488 Broadway in New York City

text: 488 Broadway in New York City


text: Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier. Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours. In the evening he watched a Western on TV, happy only when he saw "horses, the most beautiful animals that God had created." He had breathing problems and needed oxygen. On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus. He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed, his temperature rising.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: left

text: the

text: Vatican

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: the

text: papal

text: summer

text: residence

text: Castel

text: Gandolfo

text: on

text: July

text: visiting

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: Cardinal

text: Giuseppe

text: Pizzardo

text: who

text: had

text: introduced

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: Vatican

text: half

text: a

text: century

text: earlier

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: sick

text: he

text: agreed

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: new

text: Italian

text: President

text: Sandro

text: Pertini

text: for

text: over

text: two

text: hours

text: In

text: the

text: evening

text: he

text: watched

text: a

text: Western

text: on

text: TV

text: happy

text: only

text: when

text: he

text: saw

text: horses

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: animals

text: that

text: God

text: had

text: created

text: He

text: had

text: breathing

text: problems

text: and

text: needed

text: oxygen

text: On

text: Sunday

text: at

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: the

text: Transfiguration

text: he

text: was

text: tired

text: but

text: wanted

text: to

text: say

text: the

text: Angelus

text: He

text: was

text: neither

text: able

text: nor

text: permitted

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: and

text: instead

text: stayed

text: in

text: bed

text: his

text: temperature

text: rising

question: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?

answer: Castel Gandolfo

text: Castel Gandolfo

question: What was considered to be the papal summer residence?

answer: Castel Gandolfo

text: Castel Gandolfo

question: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?

answer: Sandro Pertini

text: Sandro Pertini

question: For how long did an ailing Paul VI meet with Sandro Pertini in 1978?

answer: two hours

text: two hours

question: What animals did Paul VI consider to be "the most beautiful animals God ever created"?

answer: horses

text: horses


text: In early February, the South Korean 11th Division ran the operation to destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea. During the operation, the division and police conducted the Geochang massacre and Sancheong-Hamyang massacre. In mid-February, the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Offensive and achieved initial victory at Hoengseong. But the offensive was soon blunted by the IX Corps positions at Chipyong-ni in the center. Units of the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division and the French Battalion fought a short but desperate battle that broke the attack's momentum. The battle is sometimes known as the Gettysburg of the Korean War. The battle saw 5,600 Korean, American and French troops defeat a numerically superior Chinese force. Surrounded on all sides, the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division Warrior Division's 23rd Regimental Combat Team with an attached French Battalion was hemmed in by more than 25,000 Chinese Communist forces. United Nations forces had previously retreated in the face of large Communist forces instead of getting cut off, but this time they stood and fought at odds of roughly 15 to 1.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: early

text: February

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: Division

text: ran

text: the

text: operation

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: guerrillas

text: and

text: their

text: sympathizer

text: citizens

text: in

text: Southern

text: Korea

text: During

text: the

text: operation

text: the

text: division

text: and

text: police

text: conducted

text: the

text: Geochang

text: massacre

text: and

text: Sancheong

text: Hamyang

text: massacre

text: In

text: mid

text: February

text: the

text: PVA

text: counterattacked

text: with

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Phase

text: Offensive

text: and

text: achieved

text: initial

text: victory

text: at

text: Hoengseong

text: But

text: the

text: offensive

text: was

text: soon

text: blunted

text: by

text: the

text: IX

text: Corps

text: positions

text: at

text: Chipyong

text: ni

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: Units

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Battalion

text: fought

text: a

text: short

text: but

text: desperate

text: battle

text: that

text: broke

text: the

text: attack

text: 's

text: momentum

text: The

text: battle

text: is

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Gettysburg

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: The

text: battle

text: saw

text: Korean

text: American

text: and

text: French

text: troops

text: defeat

text: a

text: numerically

text: superior

text: Chinese

text: force

text: Surrounded

text: on

text: all

text: sides

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: Warrior

text: Division

text: 's

text: Regimental

text: Combat

text: Team

text: with

text: an

text: attached

text: French

text: Battalion

text: was

text: hemmed

text: in

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: forces

text: United

text: Nations

text: forces

text: had

text: previously

text: retreated

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: large

text: Communist

text: forces

text: instead

text: of

text: getting

text: cut

text: off

text: but

text: this

text: time

text: they

text: stood

text: and

text: fought

text: at

text: odds

text: of

text: roughly

text: to

question: What to be achieved by the Sancheong-Hamyang and Geochang massacres in South Korea?

answer: destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea

text: destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea

question: Who's attack resulted in victory at Hoengseong?

answer: the PVA

text: the PVA

question: What is considered to be the the Korean War's equivalent to Gettysburg?

answer: the Fourth Phase Offensive

text: the Fourth Phase Offensive

question: What did the French Battalion's efforts do to the PVA forces?

answer: broke the attack's momentum

text: broke the attack's momentum

question: How many PVA soldiers fought in this battle and lost?

answer: more than 25,000

text: more than 25,000


text: On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: On

text: the

text: domestic

text: front

text: he

text: covertly

text: opposed

text: Joseph

text: McCarthy

text: and

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: McCarthyism

text: by

text: openly

text: invoking

text: the

text: modern

text: expanded

text: version

text: of

text: executive

text: privilege

text: He

text: otherwise

text: left

text: most

text: political

text: activity

text: to

text: his

text: Vice

text: President

text: Richard

text: Nixon

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: moderate

text: conservative

text: who

text: continued

text: New

text: Deal

text: agencies

text: and

text: expanded

text: Social

text: Security

text: He

text: also

text: launched

text: the

text: Interstate

text: Highway

text: System

text: the

text: Defense

text: Advanced

text: Research

text: Projects

text: Agency

text: DARPA

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: strong

text: science

text: education

text: via

text: the

text: National

text: Defense

text: Education

text: Act

text: and

text: encouraged

text: peaceful

text: use

text: of

text: nuclear

text: power

text: via

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Act

question: Why political movement was named for Joseph McCarthy?

answer: McCarthyism

text: McCarthyism

question: What political theory did Eisenhower use to oppose McCarthy?

answer: executive privilege

text: executive privilege

question: Who served as Eisenhower's vice president?

answer: Nixon

text: Nixon

question: What sort of conservative was Eisenhower?

answer: moderate

text: moderate

question: What does DARPA stand for?

answer: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

text: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency


text: Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada have each indicated the most common reason for drinking among adolescents to relate to pleasure and recreation; 80% of Argentinian teens reported drinking for enjoyment, while only 7% drank to improve a bad mood. The most prevalent answers among Canadian adolescents were to "get in a party mood," 18%; "because I enjoy it," 16%; and "to get drunk," 10%. In Hong Kong, female participants most frequently reported drinking for social enjoyment, while males most frequently reported drinking to feel the effects of alcohol.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Research

text: has

text: generally

text: shown

text: striking

text: uniformity

text: across

text: different

text: cultures

text: in

text: the

text: motives

text: behind

text: teen

text: alcohol

text: use

text: Social

text: engagement

text: and

text: personal

text: enjoyment

text: appear

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: fairly

text: universal

text: role

text: in

text: adolescents

text: decision

text: to

text: drink

text: throughout

text: separate

text: cultural

text: contexts

text: Surveys

text: conducted

text: in

text: Argentina

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Canada

text: have

text: each

text: indicated

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: reason

text: for

text: drinking

text: among

text: adolescents

text: to

text: relate

text: to

text: pleasure

text: and

text: recreation

text: of

text: Argentinian

text: teens

text: reported

text: drinking

text: for

text: enjoyment

text: while

text: only

text: drank

text: to

text: improve

text: a

text: bad

text: mood

text: The

text: most

text: prevalent

text: answers

text: among

text: Canadian

text: adolescents

text: were

text: to

text: get

text: in

text: a

text: party

text: mood

text: because

text: I

text: enjoy

text: it

text: and

text: to

text: get

text: drunk

text: In

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: female

text: participants

text: most

text: frequently

text: reported

text: drinking

text: for

text: social

text: enjoyment

text: while

text: males

text: most

text: frequently

text: reported

text: drinking

text: to

text: feel

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: alcohol

question: Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures?

answer: uniform

text: uniform

question: What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts?

answer: Social engagement and personal enjoyment

text: Social engagement and personal enjoyment

question: What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood?

answer: 7%

question: What is the most common reason for drinking among adolescents according to surveys in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada?

answer: pleasure and recreation

text: pleasure and recreation

question: In Hong Kong, did males or females most frequently report drinking to feel the effects of the alcohol?

answer: males

text: males


text: (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault. See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details.)

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: Ms

text: earthquake

text: on

text: August

text: in

text: southern

text: Sichuan

text: was

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: series

text: because

text: it

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: fault

text: See

text: Panzhihua

text: earthquake

text: for

text: details

question: When did this earthquake occur?

answer: August 30, 2008

text: August 30, 2008

question: Where did this earthquake occur?

answer: southern Sichuan

text: southern Sichuan

question: Why was it not included in the series?

answer: because it was caused by a different fault.

text: because it was caused by a different fault.

question: Where should you look for more details?

answer: 2008 Panzhihua earthquake

text: 2008 Panzhihua earthquake

question: Where was the August 30, 2008 quake?

answer: southern Sichuan

text: southern Sichuan

question: What was the magnitude of the southern Sichuan quake?

answer: Ms 6.1

text: Ms 6.1

question: What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan?

answer: Panzhihua earthquake

text: Panzhihua earthquake


text: Other public festivals were not required by the calendar, but occasioned by events. The triumph of a Roman general was celebrated as the fulfillment of religious vows, though these tended to be overshadowed by the political and social significance of the event. During the late Republic, the political elite competed to outdo each other in public display, and the ludi attendant on a triumph were expanded to include gladiator contests. Under the Principate, all such spectacular displays came under Imperial control: the most lavish were subsidised by emperors, and lesser events were provided by magistrates as a sacred duty and privilege of office. Additional festivals and games celebrated Imperial accessions and anniversaries. Others, such as the traditional Republican Secular Games to mark a new era (saeculum), became imperially funded to maintain traditional values and a common Roman identity. That the spectacles retained something of their sacral aura even in late antiquity is indicated by the admonitions of the Church Fathers that Christians should not take part.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Other

text: public

text: festivals

text: were

text: not

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: calendar

text: but

text: occasioned

text: by

text: events

text: The

text: triumph

text: of

text: a

text: Roman

text: general

text: was

text: celebrated

text: as

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: religious

text: vows

text: though

text: these

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: overshadowed

text: by

text: the

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: event

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: Republic

text: the

text: political

text: elite

text: competed

text: to

text: outdo

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: public

text: display

text: and

text: the

text: ludi

text: attendant

text: on

text: a

text: triumph

text: were

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: gladiator

text: contests

text: Under

text: the

text: Principate

text: all

text: such

text: spectacular

text: displays

text: came

text: under

text: Imperial

text: control

text: the

text: most

text: lavish

text: were

text: subsidised

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: lesser

text: events

text: were

text: provided

text: by

text: magistrates

text: as

text: a

text: sacred

text: duty

text: and

text: privilege

text: of

text: office

text: Additional

text: festivals

text: and

text: games

text: celebrated

text: Imperial

text: accessions

text: and

text: anniversaries

text: Others

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: traditional

text: Republican

text: Secular

text: Games

text: to

text: mark

text: a

text: new

text: era

text: saeculum

text: became

text: imperially

text: funded

text: to

text: maintain

text: traditional

text: values

text: and

text: a

text: common

text: Roman

text: identity

text: That

text: the

text: spectacles

text: retained

text: something

text: of

text: their

text: sacral

text: aura

text: even

text: in

text: late

text: antiquity

text: is

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: admonitions

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: that

text: Christians

text: should

text: not

text: take

text: part

question: What type of festivals happened when events warranted them?

answer: fulfillment of religious vows

text: fulfillment of religious vows

question: What is an example of an event organized religious celebration?

answer: The triumph

text: The triumph

question: In what aspect of the festival did political figures try to out do each other?

answer: public display

text: public display

question: Under what auspices did public displays  come during the Principate?

answer: Imperial

text: Imperial

question: Who paid for the most lavish of festival events?

answer: emperors

text: emperors


text: Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send missionaries in an attempt to reduce the influence of East Francia on religious and political life in his country. These missionaries, Constantine and Methodius, helped to convert the Czechs from traditional Slavic paganism to Christianity and established a church system. They also brought the Glagolitic alphabet to the West Slavs, whose language was previously unwritten. This language, later known as Proto-Czech, was beginning to separate from its fellow West Slavic hatchlings Proto-Slovak, Proto-Polish and Proto-Sorbian. Among other features, Proto-Czech was marked by its ephemeral use of the voiced velar fricative consonant (/ɣ/) and consistent stress on the first syllable.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Around

text: the

text: sixth

text: century

text: AD

text: a

text: tribe

text: of

text: Slavs

text: arrived

text: in

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: According

text: to

text: legend

text: they

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: hero

text: named

text: Čech

text: from

text: whom

text: the

text: word

text: Czech

text: derives

text: The

text: ninth

text: century

text: brought

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Great

text: Moravia

text: whose

text: first

text: ruler

text: Rastislav

text: of

text: Moravia

text: invited

text: Byzantine

text: ruler

text: Michael

text: III

text: to

text: send

text: missionaries

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: East

text: Francia

text: on

text: religious

text: and

text: political

text: life

text: in

text: his

text: country

text: These

text: missionaries

text: Constantine

text: and

text: Methodius

text: helped

text: to

text: convert

text: the

text: Czechs

text: from

text: traditional

text: Slavic

text: paganism

text: to

text: Christianity

text: and

text: established

text: a

text: church

text: system

text: They

text: also

text: brought

text: the

text: Glagolitic

text: alphabet

text: to

text: the

text: West

text: Slavs

text: whose

text: language

text: was

text: previously

text: unwritten

text: This

text: language

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Proto

text: Czech

text: was

text: beginning

text: to

text: separate

text: from

text: its

text: fellow

text: West

text: Slavic

text: hatchlings

text: Proto

text: Slovak

text: Proto

text: Polish

text: and

text: Proto

text: Sorbian

text: Among

text: other

text: features

text: Proto

text: Czech

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: its

text: ephemeral

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: voiced

text: velar

text: fricative

text: consonant

text: /ɣ/

text: and

text: consistent

text: stress

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: syllable

question: When did a tribe of Slavs arrive in Central Europe?

answer: sixth century AD

text: sixth century AD

question: Who was the hero who led the Slavs to their new home, according to legend?

answer: Čech

text: Čech

question: What did the ninth century bring?

answer: state of Great Moravia

text: state of Great Moravia

question: Whose influence was Rastislav eager to reduce, when he invited  Michael III to send missionaries?

answer: East Francia

text: East Francia

question: What alphabet did the missionaries bring to the West Slavs?

answer: Glagolitic

text: Glagolitic


text: The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer. The highest coastal, daytime temperature averages less than 89 °F (32 °C) during summer months. The coast has mild temperatures in winter, with daytime highs rarely below 40 °F (4 °C). The average daytime temperature in the coastal plain is usually in the mid-50s °F (11–14 °C) in winter. Temperatures in the coastal plain only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night. The coastal plain averages only around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: coastal

text: plain

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: which

text: keeps

text: conditions

text: mild

text: in

text: winter

text: and

text: moderate

text: although

text: humid

text: in

text: summer

text: The

text: highest

text: coastal

text: daytime

text: temperature

text: averages

text: less

text: than

text: F

text: C

text: during

text: summer

text: months

text: The

text: coast

text: has

text: mild

text: temperatures

text: in

text: winter

text: with

text: daytime

text: highs

text: rarely

text: below

text: F

text: C

text: The

text: average

text: daytime

text: temperature

text: in

text: the

text: coastal

text: plain

text: is

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: F

text: C

text: in

text: winter

text: Temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: coastal

text: plain

text: only

text: occasionally

text: drop

text: below

text: the

text: freezing

text: point

text: at

text: night

text: The

text: coastal

text: plain

text: averages

text: only

text: around

text: inch

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: or

text: ice

text: annually

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: years

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: no

text: snow

text: or

text: ice

text: at

text: all

question: What ocean influinces the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain?

answer: Atlantic

text: Atlantic

question: What is the climate of the coastal plain in the winter?

answer: mild

text: mild

question: What is the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain in the summer?

answer: moderate, although humid

text: moderate, although humid

question: What is the average high North Carolina coastal temperature on the plains in the summer?

answer: 89 °F

text: 89 °F

question: How often do temperatures on the coastal plain of NC drop below freezing at night?

answer: occasionally

text: occasionally


text: Rutherford centralized organizational control of the Watch Tower Society. In 1919, he instituted the appointment of a director in each congregation, and a year later all members were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Ohio, in September 1922, a new emphasis was made on house-to-house preaching. Significant changes in doctrine and administration were regularly introduced during Rutherford's twenty-five years as president, including the 1920 announcement that the Jewish patriarchs (such as Abraham and Isaac) would be resurrected in 1925, marking the beginning of Christ's thousand-year Kingdom. Disappointed by the changes, tens of thousands of defections occurred during the first half of Rutherford's tenure, leading to the formation of several Bible Student organizations independent of the Watch Tower Society, most of which still exist. By mid-1919, as many as one in seven of Russell-era Bible Students had ceased their association with the Society, and as many as two-thirds by the end of the 1920s.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Rutherford

text: centralized

text: organizational

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: In

text: he

text: instituted

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: a

text: director

text: in

text: each

text: congregation

text: and

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: all

text: members

text: were

text: instructed

text: to

text: report

text: their

text: weekly

text: preaching

text: activity

text: to

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: headquarters

text: At

text: an

text: international

text: convention

text: held

text: at

text: Cedar

text: Point

text: Ohio

text: in

text: September

text: a

text: new

text: emphasis

text: was

text: made

text: on

text: house

text: to

text: house

text: preaching

text: Significant

text: changes

text: in

text: doctrine

text: and

text: administration

text: were

text: regularly

text: introduced

text: during

text: Rutherford

text: 's

text: twenty

text: five

text: years

text: as

text: president

text: including

text: the

text: announcement

text: that

text: the

text: Jewish

text: patriarchs

text: such

text: as

text: Abraham

text: and

text: Isaac

text: would

text: be

text: resurrected

text: in

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: thousand

text: year

text: Kingdom

text: Disappointed

text: by

text: the

text: changes

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: defections

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: Rutherford

text: 's

text: tenure

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: several

text: Bible

text: Student

text: organizations

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: still

text: exist

text: By

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: one

text: in

text: seven

text: of

text: Russell

text: era

text: Bible

text: Students

text: had

text: ceased

text: their

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: Society

text: and

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: two

text: thirds

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

question: Where as an international convention held in September of 1922?

answer: Cedar Point, Ohio

text: Cedar Point, Ohio

question: What did Rutherford institute the appointment of in each congregation in 1919?

answer: a director

text: a director

question: What was a new emphasis made on at the international convention?

answer: house-to-house preaching

text: house-to-house preaching

question: What were all members instructed to report weekly to the Brooklyn headquarters?

answer: preaching activity

text: preaching activity

question: How long was Rutherford's tenure as president of the Society?

answer: twenty-five years

text: twenty-five years


text: Contrary to the popular belief of there being only one script per period, there were in fact multiple scripts in use during the Han period. Although mature clerical script, also called 八分 (bāfēn) script, was dominant at that time, an early type of cursive script was also in use by the Han by at least as early as 24 BC (during the very late Western Han period),[b] incorporating cursive forms popular at the time, well as many elements from the vulgar writing of the Warring State of Qin. By around the time of the Eastern Jin dynasty, this Han cursive became known as 章草 zhāngcǎo (also known as 隶草 / 隸草 lìcǎo today), or in English sometimes clerical cursive, ancient cursive, or draft cursive. Some believe that the name, based on 章 zhāng meaning "orderly", arose because the script was a more orderly form of cursive than the modern form, which emerged during the Eastern Jin dynasty and is still in use today, called 今草 jīncǎo or "modern cursive".

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Contrary

text: to

text: the

text: popular

text: belief

text: of

text: there

text: being

text: only

text: one

text: script

text: per

text: period

text: there

text: were

text: in

text: fact

text: multiple

text: scripts

text: in

text: use

text: during

text: the

text: Han

text: period

text: Although

text: mature

text: clerical

text: script

text: also

text: called

text: 八分

text: bāfēn

text: script

text: was

text: dominant

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: an

text: early

text: type

text: of

text: cursive

text: script

text: was

text: also

text: in

text: use

text: by

text: the

text: Han

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: very

text: late

text: Western

text: Han

text: period),[b

text: incorporating

text: cursive

text: forms

text: popular

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: elements

text: from

text: the

text: vulgar

text: writing

text: of

text: the

text: Warring

text: State

text: of

text: Qin

text: By

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: this

text: Han

text: cursive

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: 章草

text: zhāngcǎo

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: 隶草

text: 隸草

text: lìcǎo

text: today

text: or

text: in

text: English

text: sometimes

text: clerical

text: cursive

text: ancient

text: cursive

text: or

text: draft

text: cursive

text: Some

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: based

text: on

text: 章

text: zhāng

text: meaning

text: orderly

text: arose

text: because

text: the

text: script

text: was

text: a

text: more

text: orderly

text: form

text: of

text: cursive

text: than

text: the

text: modern

text: form

text: which

text: emerged

text: during

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: called

text: 今草

text: jīncǎo

text: or

text: modern

text: cursive

question: Were multiple scripts used during the Han period?

answer: there were in fact multiple scripts in use

text: there were in fact multiple scripts in use

question: What was one of the more dominant scripts during the time?

answer: bāfēn

text: bāfēn

question: What name stood for "orderly"?

answer: zhāng

text: zhāng


text: On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: February

text: Malenkov

text: was

text: officially

text: demoted

text: to

text: deputy

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: As

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: 's

text: authority

text: was

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: by

text: Malenkov

text: 's

text: demotion

question: Who was demoted on February 8, 1955?

answer: Malenkov

text: Malenkov

question: To what position was Malenkov demoted?

answer: deputy Prime Minister

text: deputy Prime Minister

question: What position was held by Nikita Khrushchev?

answer: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party

text: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party

question: Who benefited from the demotion of Malenkov?

answer: Nikita Khrushchev

text: Nikita Khrushchev


text: The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds. Other practices predating Spanish conquest include galaide' canoe-making, making of the belembaotuyan (a string musical instrument made from a gourd), fashioning of åcho' atupat slings and slingstones, tool manufacture, Måtan Guma' burial rituals, and preparation of herbal medicines by Suruhanu.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: core

text: culture

text: or

text: Pengngan

text: Chamorro

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: complex

text: social

text: protocol

text: centered

text: upon

text: respect

text: From

text: sniffing

text: over

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: elders

text: called

text: mangnginge

text: in

text: Chamorro

text: the

text: passing

text: down

text: of

text: legends

text: chants

text: and

text: courtship

text: rituals

text: to

text: a

text: person

text: asking

text: for

text: permission

text: from

text: spiritual

text: ancestors

text: before

text: entering

text: a

text: jungle

text: or

text: ancient

text: battle

text: grounds

text: Other

text: practices

text: predating

text: Spanish

text: conquest

text: include

text: galaide

text: canoe

text: making

text: making

text: of

text: the

text: belembaotuyan

text: a

text: string

text: musical

text: instrument

text: made

text: from

text: a

text: gourd

text: fashioning

text: of

text: åcho

text: atupat

text: slings

text: and

text: slingstones

text: tool

text: manufacture

text: Måtan

text: Guma

text: burial

text: rituals

text: and

text: preparation

text: of

text: herbal

text: medicines

text: by

text: Suruhanu

question: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?

answer: social protocol

text: social protocol

question: What does mangnging refer to that directly involves one major human scense?

answer: sniffing over the hands of the elders

text: sniffing over the hands of the elders

question: What is a belembaotuyan in Guam?

answer: string musical instrument made from a gourd

text: string musical instrument made from a gourd


text: Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers debated the existence of a vacuum, or void, in the context of atomism, which posited void and atom as the fundamental explanatory elements of physics. Following Plato, even the abstract concept of a featureless void faced considerable skepticism: it could not be apprehended by the senses, it could not, itself, provide additional explanatory power beyond the physical volume with which it was commensurate and, by definition, it was quite literally nothing at all, which cannot rightly be said to exist. Aristotle believed that no void could occur naturally, because the denser surrounding material continuum would immediately fill any incipient rarity that might give rise to a void.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Historically

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: much

text: dispute

text: over

text: whether

text: such

text: a

text: thing

text: as

text: a

text: vacuum

text: can

text: exist

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: philosophers

text: debated

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: vacuum

text: or

text: void

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: atomism

text: which

text: posited

text: void

text: and

text: atom

text: as

text: the

text: fundamental

text: explanatory

text: elements

text: of

text: physics

text: Following

text: Plato

text: even

text: the

text: abstract

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: featureless

text: void

text: faced

text: considerable

text: skepticism

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: apprehended

text: by

text: the

text: senses

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: itself

text: provide

text: additional

text: explanatory

text: power

text: beyond

text: the

text: physical

text: volume

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: commensurate

text: and

text: by

text: definition

text: it

text: was

text: quite

text: literally

text: nothing

text: at

text: all

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: rightly

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: exist

text: Aristotle

text: believed

text: that

text: no

text: void

text: could

text: occur

text: naturally

text: because

text: the

text: denser

text: surrounding

text: material

text: continuum

text: would

text: immediately

text: fill

text: any

text: incipient

text: rarity

text: that

text: might

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: a

text: void

question: What did Aristotle believe about a void?

answer: no void could occur naturally,

text: no void could occur naturally,

question: What was historically disputed about vacuums?

answer: whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist.

text: whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist.

question: What did something that was literally nothing at all,According to Plato, mean?

answer: cannot rightly be said to exist

text: cannot rightly be said to exist

question: Aristotle thought what would fill any rarity that might give rise to a void?

answer: denser surrounding material continuum

text: denser surrounding material continuum


text: Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities, to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. During his life he also received dozens of major awards, medals and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Honors

text: and

text: tributes

text: flowed

text: to

text: Bell

text: in

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: as

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: invention

text: became

text: ubiquitous

text: and

text: his

text: personal

text: fame

text: grew

text: Bell

text: received

text: numerous

text: honorary

text: degrees

text: from

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: the

text: requests

text: almost

text: became

text: burdensome

text: During

text: his

text: life

text: he

text: also

text: received

text: dozens

text: of

text: major

text: awards

text: medals

text: and

text: other

text: tributes

text: These

text: included

text: statuary

text: monuments

text: to

text: both

text: him

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: form

text: of

text: communication

text: his

text: telephone

text: created

text: notably

text: the

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Memorial

text: erected

text: in

text: his

text: honor

text: in

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: Bell

text: Gardens

text: in

text: Brantford

text: Ontario

text: in

question: What did Bell receive from many centers of post-secondary education?

answer: honorary degrees

text: honorary degrees

question: What is the most famous statue built for Bell and his creation?

answer: Bell Telephone Memorial

text: Bell Telephone Memorial

question: When was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

answer: 1917

question: In what city was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

answer: Brantford

text: Brantford

question: In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

answer: Alexander Graham Bell Gardens

text: Alexander Graham Bell Gardens


text: Kirant Mundhum is one of the indigenous animistic practices of Nepal. It is practiced by Kirat people. Some animistic aspects of Kirant beliefs, such as ancestor worship (worship of Ajima) are also found in Newars of Kirant origin. Ancient religious sites believed to be worshipped by ancient Kirats, such as Pashupatinath, Wanga Akash Bhairabh (Yalambar) and Ajima are now worshipped by people of all Dharmic religions in Kathmandu. Kirats who have migrated from other parts of Nepal to Kathmandu practice Mundhum in the city.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Kirant

text: Mundhum

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: indigenous

text: animistic

text: practices

text: of

text: Nepal

text: It

text: is

text: practiced

text: by

text: Kirat

text: people

text: Some

text: animistic

text: aspects

text: of

text: Kirant

text: beliefs

text: such

text: as

text: ancestor

text: worship

text: worship

text: of

text: Ajima

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: Newars

text: of

text: Kirant

text: origin

text: Ancient

text: religious

text: sites

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: worshipped

text: by

text: ancient

text: Kirats

text: such

text: as

text: Pashupatinath

text: Wanga

text: Akash

text: Bhairabh

text: Yalambar

text: and

text: Ajima

text: are

text: now

text: worshipped

text: by

text: people

text: of

text: all

text: Dharmic

text: religions

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: Kirats

text: who

text: have

text: migrated

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Nepal

text: to

text: Kathmandu

text: practice

text: Mundhum

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: What type of religion is Kirant Mundhum?

answer: animistic

text: animistic

question: Who follows the Kirant Mudhum faith?

answer: Kirat people

text: Kirat people

question: Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times?

answer: Kirats

text: Kirats

question: What is another name for ancestor worship?

answer: worship of Ajima

text: worship of Ajima


text: Title VII was perhaps the most controversial of the entire bill. Many conservatives accused it of advocating a de facto quota system, and claimed unconstitutionality as it attempts to regulate the workplace. Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey corrected this notion: "there is nothing in [Title VII] that will give power to the Commission to require hiring, firing, and promotion to meet a racial 'quota.' [. . .] Title VII is designed to encourage the hiring on basis of ability and qualifications, not race or religion." Title VII prohibits discrimination. Humphrey was the silent hero of the bill's passing through Congress. He pledged that the bill required no quotas, just nondiscrimination. Doing so, he convinced many pro-business Republicans, including Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen (IL) to support Title VII.:78–80

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Title

text: VII

text: was

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: controversial

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: bill

text: Many

text: conservatives

text: accused

text: it

text: of

text: advocating

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: quota

text: system

text: and

text: claimed

text: unconstitutionality

text: as

text: it

text: attempts

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: workplace

text: Minnesota

text: Senator

text: Hubert

text: Humphrey

text: corrected

text: this

text: notion

text: there

text: is

text: nothing

text: in

text: Title

text: VII

text: that

text: will

text: give

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: Commission

text: to

text: require

text: hiring

text: firing

text: and

text: promotion

text: to

text: meet

text: a

text: racial

text: quota

text: Title

text: VII

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: hiring

text: on

text: basis

text: of

text: ability

text: and

text: qualifications

text: not

text: race

text: or

text: religion

text: Title

text: VII

text: prohibits

text: discrimination

text: Humphrey

text: was

text: the

text: silent

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: bill

text: 's

text: passing

text: through

text: Congress

text: He

text: pledged

text: that

text: the

text: bill

text: required

text: no

text: quotas

text: just

text: nondiscrimination

text: Doing

text: so

text: he

text: convinced

text: many

text: pro

text: business

text: Republicans

text: including

text: Senate

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Everett

text: Dirksen

text: IL

text: to

text: support

text: Title

question: Which section of the legislation was considered the most controversial?

answer: Title VII

text: Title VII

question: What did critics claim that Title VII advocate?

answer: a de facto quota system

text: a de facto quota system

question: Which Senator fought back against the criticism of Title VII?

answer: Hubert Humphrey

text: Hubert Humphrey

question: Who was one of the key members that Humphrey managed to convince to support the bill?

answer: Everett Dirksen

text: Everett Dirksen

question: What position of importance other than Senator did Everett Dirksen hold?

answer: Senate Minority Leader

text: Senate Minority Leader


text: Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire and even into neighboring lands—particularly to the Iranian-speaking regions of Afghanistan and Central Asia, beyond the Mauryas' northwest border, and to the island of Sri Lanka south of India. These two missions, in opposite directions, would ultimately lead, in the first case to the spread of Buddhism into China, and in the second case, to the emergence of Theravāda Buddhism and its spread from Sri Lanka to the coastal lands of Southeast Asia.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

text: may

text: have

text: spread

text: only

text: slowly

text: in

text: India

text: until

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: emperor

text: Ashoka

text: who

text: was

text: a

text: public

text: supporter

text: of

text: the

text: religion

text: The

text: support

text: of

text: Aśoka

text: and

text: his

text: descendants

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: more

text: stūpas

text: Buddhist

text: religious

text: memorials

text: and

text: to

text: efforts

text: to

text: spread

text: Buddhism

text: throughout

text: the

text: enlarged

text: Maurya

text: empire

text: and

text: even

text: into

text: neighboring

text: lands

text: particularly

text: to

text: the

text: Iranian

text: speaking

text: regions

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: beyond

text: the

text: Mauryas

text: northwest

text: border

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: south

text: of

text: India

text: These

text: two

text: missions

text: in

text: opposite

text: directions

text: would

text: ultimately

text: lead

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: case

text: to

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: into

text: China

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: case

text: to

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: Theravāda

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: its

text: spread

text: from

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: to

text: the

text: coastal

text: lands

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

question: Buddhism may have spread quickly because of what Mauryan emperor?

answer: Ashoka

text: Ashoka

question: The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more?

answer: stūpas

text: stūpas

question: What does stupas mean in English?

answer: Buddhist religious memorials

text: Buddhist religious memorials


text: Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha) in total, most of it surrounded by New York City, including the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens, over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay. Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula, most notably Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden. In Staten Island, the park includes Fort Wadsworth, with historic pre-Civil War era Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park, with beaches, trails, and a marina.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Gateway

text: National

text: Recreation

text: Area

text: contains

text: over

text: acres

text: ha

text: in

text: total

text: most

text: of

text: it

text: surrounded

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: including

text: the

text: Jamaica

text: Bay

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: and

text: Queens

text: over

text: acres

text: of

text: salt

text: marsh

text: islands

text: and

text: water

text: including

text: most

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: Bay

text: Also

text: in

text: Queens

text: the

text: park

text: includes

text: a

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Rockaway

text: Peninsula

text: most

text: notably

text: Jacob

text: Riis

text: Park

text: and

text: Fort

text: Tilden

text: In

text: Staten

text: Island

text: the

text: park

text: includes

text: Fort

text: Wadsworth

text: with

text: historic

text: pre

text: Civil

text: War

text: era

text: Battery

text: Weed

text: and

text: Fort

text: Tompkins

text: and

text: Great

text: Kills

text: Park

text: with

text: beaches

text: trails

text: and

text: a

text: marina

question: How large is the Gateway National recreation Area in hectares?

answer: 10,521.83

question: About how large is the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in acres?

answer: 9,000

question: What fort is located on the Rockaway Peninsula?

answer: Fort Tilden

text: Fort Tilden

question: What park is located on the Rockaway Peninsula?

answer: Jacob Riis Park

text: Jacob Riis Park

question: What body of water is Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge adjacent to?

answer: Jamaica Bay

text: Jamaica Bay

question: How many acres of land does Gateway Nation Recreation contain?

answer: over 26,000

text: over 26,000


text: TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule. Hosted by Robert Osbourne, the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either antemortem or posthumously) or recent death with day- or evening-long festivals showcasting several of that artist's best, earliest or least-known pictures; by effect, marathons scheduled in honor of an actor's passing (which are scheduled within a month after their death) pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date. TCM also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which Osborne is joined by celebrity guests responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer); an offshoot of this block featuring Turner Classic Movies employees aired during February 2011.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: TCM

text: regularly

text: airs

text: a

text: Star

text: of

text: the

text: Month

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: on

text: Wednesdays

text: starting

text: at

text: p.m.

text: Eastern

text: Time

text: in

text: which

text: most

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: feature

text: films

text: from

text: a

text: classic

text: film

text: star

text: are

text: shown

text: during

text: that

text: night

text: 's

text: schedule

text: Hosted

text: by

text: Robert

text: Osbourne

text: the

text: network

text: also

text: marks

text: the

text: occurrence

text: of

text: a

text: film

text: actor

text: 's

text: birthday

text: either

text: antemortem

text: or

text: posthumously

text: or

text: recent

text: death

text: with

text: day-

text: or

text: evening

text: long

text: festivals

text: showcasting

text: several

text: of

text: that

text: artist

text: 's

text: best

text: earliest

text: or

text: least

text: known

text: pictures

text: by

text: effect

text: marathons

text: scheduled

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: an

text: actor

text: 's

text: passing

text: which

text: are

text: scheduled

text: within

text: a

text: month

text: after

text: their

text: death

text: pre

text: empt

text: films

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: air

text: on

text: that

text: date

text: TCM

text: also

text: features

text: a

text: monthly

text: program

text: block

text: called

text: the

text: TCM

text: Guest

text: Programmer

text: in

text: which

text: Osborne

text: is

text: joined

text: by

text: celebrity

text: guests

text: responsible

text: for

text: choosing

text: that

text: evening

text: 's

text: films

text: examples

text: of

text: such

text: programmers

text: during

text: include

text: Jules

text: Feiffer

text: Anthony

text: Bourdain

text: Debra

text: Winger

text: Ellen

text: Barkin

text: Spike

text: Lee

text: Regis

text: Philbin

text: and

text: Jim

text: Lehrer

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: this

text: block

text: featuring

text: Turner

text: Classic

text: Movies

text: employees

text: aired

text: during

text: February

question: On what day of the week are Star of the Month films aired?

answer: Wednesdays

text: Wednesdays

question: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?

answer: Robert Osbourne

text: Robert Osbourne

question: During what month and year did TCM Guest Programmer feature TCM employees as guests?

answer: February 2011

text: February 2011

question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a TCM Guest Programmer?

answer: 2012


text: eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage compared to USB. Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage. eSATAp (power over eSATA; aka ESATA/USB) is a connector introduced in 2009 that supplies power to attached devices using a new, backward compatible, connector. On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.

title: USB

title: USB

text: eSATA

text: does

text: not

text: supply

text: power

text: to

text: external

text: devices

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: increasing

text: disadvantage

text: compared

text: to

text: USB

text: Even

text: though

text: USB

text: 's

text: W

text: is

text: sometimes

text: insufficient

text: to

text: power

text: external

text: hard

text: drives

text: technology

text: is

text: advancing

text: and

text: external

text: drives

text: gradually

text: need

text: less

text: power

text: diminishing

text: the

text: eSATA

text: advantage

text: eSATAp

text: power

text: over

text: eSATA

text: aka

text: ESATA

text: USB

text: is

text: a

text: connector

text: introduced

text: in

text: that

text: supplies

text: power

text: to

text: attached

text: devices

text: using

text: a

text: new

text: backward

text: compatible

text: connector

text: On

text: a

text: notebook

text: eSATAp

text: usually

text: supplies

text: only

text: V

text: to

text: power

text: a

text: HDD

text: SSD

text: on

text: a

text: desktop

text: workstation

text: it

text: can

text: additionally

text: supply

text: V

text: to

text: power

text: larger

text: devices

text: including

text: HDD

text: SSD

text: and

text: optical

text: drives

question: eSATA does not supply power to what?

answer: external devices

text: external devices

question: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is what?

answer: advancing and external drives gradually need less power

text: advancing and external drives gradually need less power

question: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?

answer: 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD

text: 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD


text: Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. The presence of the disease in Victoria's descendants, but not in her ancestors, led to modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent but a haemophiliac. There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill. It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers. Spontaneous mutations account for about a third of cases.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: youngest

text: son

text: Leopold

text: was

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: blood

text: clotting

text: disease

text: haemophilia

text: B

text: and

text: two

text: of

text: her

text: five

text: daughters

text: Alice

text: and

text: Beatrice

text: were

text: carriers

text: Royal

text: haemophiliacs

text: descended

text: from

text: Victoria

text: included

text: her

text: great

text: grandsons

text: Tsarevich

text: Alexei

text: of

text: Russia

text: Alfonso

text: Prince

text: of

text: Asturias

text: and

text: Infante

text: Gonzalo

text: of

text: Spain

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: in

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: descendants

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: her

text: ancestors

text: led

text: to

text: modern

text: speculation

text: that

text: her

text: true

text: father

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Kent

text: but

text: a

text: haemophiliac

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: documentary

text: evidence

text: of

text: a

text: haemophiliac

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: mother

text: and

text: as

text: male

text: carriers

text: always

text: suffer

text: the

text: disease

text: even

text: if

text: such

text: a

text: man

text: had

text: existed

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: seriously

text: ill

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: likely

text: that

text: the

text: mutation

text: arose

text: spontaneously

text: because

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: father

text: was

text: over

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: her

text: conception

text: and

text: haemophilia

text: arises

text: more

text: frequently

text: in

text: the

text: children

text: of

text: older

text: fathers

text: Spontaneous

text: mutations

text: account

text: for

text: about

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: cases

question: What blood clotting disease did Victorias youngest son have?

answer: haemophilia B

text: haemophilia B

question: How many of Victorias daughters were carriers of the blood clotting disease that Leopold had?

answer: two

text: two

question: It was believed that Victorias true father was a hemophiliac and not who?

answer: the Duke of Kent

text: the Duke of Kent

question: What is the sex of carriers that always suffer the blood clotting disease haemophi;ia B?

answer: male

text: male

question: How old was Victorias father at the time of her conception?

answer: over 50

text: over 50

question: What disease did Victoria's youngest son have?

answer: the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B

text: the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B

question: Which two of Victoria's daughters also were carriers for the blood clotting disorder?

answer: Alice and Beatrice

text: Alice and Beatrice

question: Who was Queen Victoria's father rumored to be instead of the Duke of Kent?

answer: a haemophiliac

text: a haemophiliac

question: What disease affected Leopold and was carried by two of Victoria's daughters?

answer: haemophilia B

text: haemophilia B

question: Which Royal haemophiliacs are said to have descended from Victoria?

answer: Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain

text: Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain

question: Which of Victoria's daughters were carriers of haemophilia?

answer: Alice and Beatrice

text: Alice and Beatrice

question: What is a big factor on whether or not an offspring will spontaneously develop haemophilia?

answer: older fathers

text: older fathers

question: In how many births do spontaneous cases of haemophilia arise?

answer: about a third of cases

text: about a third of cases


text: A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: A

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: is

text: a

text: human

text: living

text: in

text: a

text: society

text: in

text: which

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: food

text: is

text: obtained

text: by

text: foraging

text: collecting

text: wild

text: plants

text: and

text: pursuing

text: wild

text: animals

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: agricultural

text: societies

text: which

text: rely

text: mainly

text: on

text: domesticated

text: species

question: What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?

answer: hunter-gatherer

text: hunter-gatherer

question: What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?

answer: agricultural

text: agricultural

question: What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?

answer: domesticated species

text: domesticated species


text: Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian. In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia affected language attitudes, so that social conceptions of the language separated on ethnic and political lines. Since the breakup of Yugoslavia, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and there is an ongoing movement to codify a separate Montenegrin standard. Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: was

text: standardized

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Vienna

text: Literary

text: Agreement

text: by

text: Croatian

text: and

text: Serbian

text: writers

text: and

text: philologists

text: decades

text: before

text: a

text: Yugoslav

text: state

text: was

text: established

text: From

text: the

text: very

text: beginning

text: there

text: were

text: slightly

text: different

text: literary

text: Serbian

text: and

text: Croatian

text: standards

text: although

text: both

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: Shtokavian

text: subdialect

text: Eastern

text: Herzegovinian

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: Serbo

text: Croato

text: Slovenian

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: The

text: breakup

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: affected

text: language

text: attitudes

text: so

text: that

text: social

text: conceptions

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: separated

text: on

text: ethnic

text: and

text: political

text: lines

text: Since

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: Bosnian

text: has

text: likewise

text: been

text: established

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: standard

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: ongoing

text: movement

text: to

text: codify

text: a

text: separate

text: Montenegrin

text: standard

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: thus

text: generally

text: goes

text: by

text: the

text: ethnic

text: names

text: Serbian

text: Croatian

text: Bosnian

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Montenegrin

text: and

text: Bunjevac

question: In which time period was Serbo-Croatian standardized?

answer: mid-19th-century

question: What was the name of the document that standardized Serbo-Croatian?

answer: Vienna Literary Agreement

text: Vienna Literary Agreement

question: What were both Serbian and Croatian standards based off of?

answer: Eastern Herzegovinian

text: Eastern Herzegovinian

question: What was Serbo-Croatian the official language for in the 20th century?

answer: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

text: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

question: Which additional language was added as an official language after the breakup of Yugoslavia?

answer: Bosnian

text: Bosnian

question: What were both Serbian and Croation standards based on?

answer: Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian

text: Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian

question: Which language officially served the Kingdom of Yugoslavia?

answer: Serbo-Croatian

text: Serbo-Croatian

question: What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?

answer: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac

text: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac


text: Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Dogs

text: are

text: also

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: health

text: conditions

text: as

text: humans

text: including

text: diabetes

text: dental

text: and

text: heart

text: disease

text: epilepsy

text: cancer

text: hypothyroidism

text: and

text: arthritis

question: Dogs can have the same health issues as who?

answer: humans

text: humans


text: Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. In 1872, the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association) was created, the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning. In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the Percent for Art ordinance, the first for a U.S. city. The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: has

text: more

text: public

text: art

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: American

text: city

text: In

text: the

text: Association

text: for

text: Public

text: Art

text: formerly

text: the

text: Fairmount

text: Park

text: Art

text: Association

text: was

text: created

text: the

text: first

text: private

text: association

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: dedicated

text: to

text: integrating

text: public

text: art

text: and

text: urban

text: planning

text: In

text: lobbying

text: by

text: the

text: Artists

text: Equity

text: Association

text: helped

text: create

text: the

text: Percent

text: for

text: Art

text: ordinance

text: the

text: first

text: for

text: a

text: U.S.

text: city

text: The

text: program

text: which

text: has

text: funded

text: more

text: than

text: pieces

text: of

text: public

text: art

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Office

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Culture

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: art

text: agency

question: Which American city has the most public art?

answer: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

question: What was the Assoc. for Public Art called in the past?

answer: Fairmount Park Art Association

text: Fairmount Park Art Association

question: How many pieces of art were funded by the Percent for Art ordinance?

answer: more than 200

text: more than 200


text: In November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC—sister company of Eon Productions—with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it. With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre".

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: In

text: November

text: MGM

text: and

text: the

text: McClory

text: estate

text: formally

text: settled

text: the

text: issue

text: with

text: Danjaq

text: LLC

text: sister

text: company

text: of

text: Eon

text: Productions

text: with

text: MGM

text: acquiring

text: the

text: full

text: copyright

text: film

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: Spectre

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: characters

text: associated

text: with

text: it

text: With

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: rights

text: and

text: the

text: organisation

text: 's

text: re

text: introduction

text: to

text: the

text: series

text: continuity

text: the

text: SPECTRE

text: acronym

text: was

text: discarded

text: and

text: the

text: organisation

text: reimagined

text: as

text: Spectre

question: Who ended up with ownership of Spectre?

answer: MGM

text: MGM

question: What was Spectre's original name?

answer: SPECTRE

text: SPECTRE

question: Which company is Danjaq, LLC associated with?

answer: Eon Productions

text: Eon Productions

question: In what year were rights to Spectre worked out?

answer: 2013

question: Which film studio won the full copyright film rights to Spectre?

answer: MGM

text: MGM

question: How was the Spectre acronym originally written?

answer: Spectre

text: Spectre

question: What is the name of the LLC sister company of Eon Productions?

answer: Danjaq

text: Danjaq


text: Traditional games are played in pubs, ranging from the well-known darts, skittles, dominoes, cards and bar billiards, to the more obscure Aunt Sally, Nine Men's Morris and ringing the bull. In the UK betting is legally limited to certain games such as cribbage or dominoes, played for small stakes. In recent decades the game of pool (both the British and American versions) has increased in popularity as well as other table based games such as snooker or Table Football becoming common.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Traditional

text: games

text: are

text: played

text: in

text: pubs

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: well

text: known

text: darts

text: skittles

text: dominoes

text: cards

text: and

text: bar

text: billiards

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: obscure

text: Aunt

text: Sally

text: Nine

text: Men

text: 's

text: Morris

text: and

text: ringing

text: the

text: bull

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: betting

text: is

text: legally

text: limited

text: to

text: certain

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: cribbage

text: or

text: dominoes

text: played

text: for

text: small

text: stakes

text: In

text: recent

text: decades

text: the

text: game

text: of

text: pool

text: both

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: versions

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: popularity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: table

text: based

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: snooker

text: or

text: Table

text: Football

text: becoming

text: common

question: What game played in both Britain and America has become increasingly popular in pubs?

answer: pool

text: pool

question: Along with Aunt Sally and ringing the bull, what is one of the obscure traditional games played in pubs?

answer: Nine Men's Morris

text: Nine Men's Morris

question: Along with darts, skittles, dominoes and bar billiards, what is a well-known pub game?

answer: cards

text: cards

question: Along with dominoes, on what pub game can you legally bet in the United Kingdom?

answer: cribbage

text: cribbage

question: What table-based version of soccer is an increasingly popular pub game?

answer: Table Football

text: Table Football


text: Public policy determines the extent to which renewable energy (RE) is to be incorporated into a developed or developing country's generation mix. Energy sector regulators implement that policy—thus affecting the pace and pattern of RE investments and connections to the grid. Energy regulators often have authority to carry out a number of functions that have implications for the financial feasibility of renewable energy projects. Such functions include issuing licenses, setting performance standards, monitoring the performance of regulated firms, determining the price level and structure of tariffs, establishing uniform systems of accounts, arbitrating stakeholder disputes (like interconnection cost allocations), performing management audits, developing agency human resources (expertise), reporting sector and commission activities to government authorities, and coordinating decisions with other government agencies. Thus, regulators make a wide range of decisions that affect the financial outcomes associated with RE investments. In addition, the sector regulator is in a position to give advice to the government regarding the full implications of focusing on climate change or energy security. The energy sector regulator is the natural advocate for efficiency and cost-containment throughout the process of designing and implementing RE policies. Since policies are not self-implementing, energy sector regulators become a key facilitator (or blocker) of renewable energy investments.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Public

text: policy

text: determines

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: renewable

text: energy

text: RE

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: incorporated

text: into

text: a

text: developed

text: or

text: developing

text: country

text: 's

text: generation

text: mix

text: Energy

text: sector

text: regulators

text: implement

text: that

text: policy

text: thus

text: affecting

text: the

text: pace

text: and

text: pattern

text: of

text: RE

text: investments

text: and

text: connections

text: to

text: the

text: grid

text: Energy

text: regulators

text: often

text: have

text: authority

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: functions

text: that

text: have

text: implications

text: for

text: the

text: financial

text: feasibility

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: projects

text: Such

text: functions

text: include

text: issuing

text: licenses

text: setting

text: performance

text: standards

text: monitoring

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: regulated

text: firms

text: determining

text: the

text: price

text: level

text: and

text: structure

text: of

text: tariffs

text: establishing

text: uniform

text: systems

text: of

text: accounts

text: arbitrating

text: stakeholder

text: disputes

text: like

text: interconnection

text: cost

text: allocations

text: performing

text: management

text: audits

text: developing

text: agency

text: human

text: resources

text: expertise

text: reporting

text: sector

text: and

text: commission

text: activities

text: to

text: government

text: authorities

text: and

text: coordinating

text: decisions

text: with

text: other

text: government

text: agencies

text: Thus

text: regulators

text: make

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: decisions

text: that

text: affect

text: the

text: financial

text: outcomes

text: associated

text: with

text: RE

text: investments

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: sector

text: regulator

text: is

text: in

text: a

text: position

text: to

text: give

text: advice

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: regarding

text: the

text: full

text: implications

text: of

text: focusing

text: on

text: climate

text: change

text: or

text: energy

text: security

text: The

text: energy

text: sector

text: regulator

text: is

text: the

text: natural

text: advocate

text: for

text: efficiency

text: and

text: cost

text: containment

text: throughout

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: designing

text: and

text: implementing

text: RE

text: policies

text: Since

text: policies

text: are

text: not

text: self

text: implementing

text: energy

text: sector

text: regulators

text: become

text: a

text: key

text: facilitator

text: or

text: blocker

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: investments

question: What determines the extent to which renewable energy is to be incorporated into a country's generation mix?

answer: Public policy

text: Public policy

question: Who has the authority to carry out a number of functions that havae implications for the feasiblity of renewable energy projects?

answer: Energy regulators

text: Energy regulators

question: Why have energy sector regulators become a key facilitator of renewable energy investments?

answer: Since policies are not self-implementing

text: Since policies are not self-implementing


text: The BBC Television department headed by Jana Bennett was absorbed into a new, much larger group; BBC Vision, in late 2006. The new group was part of larger restructuring within the BBC with the onset of new media outlets and technology.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: Television

text: department

text: headed

text: by

text: Jana

text: Bennett

text: was

text: absorbed

text: into

text: a

text: new

text: much

text: larger

text: group

text: BBC

text: Vision

text: in

text: late

text: The

text: new

text: group

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: restructuring

text: within

text: the

text: BBC

text: with

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: new

text: media

text: outlets

text: and

text: technology

question: Who was the leader of BBC Television in 2006?

answer: Jana Bennett

text: Jana Bennett

question: What did BBC Television get absorbed into?

answer: BBC Vision

text: BBC Vision

question: What caused the move of BBC Television into the BBC VIsion unit?

answer: the onset of new media outlets and technology

text: the onset of new media outlets and technology


text: Many early LDs were not manufactured properly; sometimes a substandard adhesive was used to sandwich together the two sides of the disc.[citation needed] The adhesive contained impurities that were able to penetrate the lacquer seal layer and chemically attack the metalized reflective aluminium layer, causing it to oxidize and lose its reflective characteristics. This was a problem that was termed "laser rot" among LD enthusiasts, also called "color flash" internally by LaserDisc-pressing plants. Some forms of laser rot could appear as black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise. But, for the most part, rotted discs could actually appear perfectly fine to the naked eye.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Many

text: early

text: LDs

text: were

text: not

text: manufactured

text: properly

text: sometimes

text: a

text: substandard

text: adhesive

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: sandwich

text: together

text: the

text: two

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: disc.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: adhesive

text: contained

text: impurities

text: that

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: penetrate

text: the

text: lacquer

text: seal

text: layer

text: and

text: chemically

text: attack

text: the

text: metalized

text: reflective

text: aluminium

text: layer

text: causing

text: it

text: to

text: oxidize

text: and

text: lose

text: its

text: reflective

text: characteristics

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: problem

text: that

text: was

text: termed

text: laser

text: rot

text: among

text: LD

text: enthusiasts

text: also

text: called

text: color

text: flash

text: internally

text: by

text: LaserDisc

text: pressing

text: plants

text: Some

text: forms

text: of

text: laser

text: rot

text: could

text: appear

text: as

text: black

text: spots

text: that

text: looked

text: like

text: mold

text: or

text: burned

text: plastic

text: which

text: cause

text: the

text: disc

text: to

text: skip

text: and

text: the

text: movie

text: to

text: exhibit

text: excessive

text: speckling

text: noise

text: But

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: rotted

text: discs

text: could

text: actually

text: appear

text: perfectly

text: fine

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

question: What substandard product was used in LD manufacturing that caused "laser rot"?

answer: adhesive

text: adhesive

question: What was the internal name for "laser rot" within LD processing plants?

answer: "color flash"

text: "color flash"

question: What problems could occur with laser rot?

answer: black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise

text: black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise


text: It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are, it is pointed out, so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her; she is compared to Eve before the fall, as ancestress of a redeemed people; she is "the earth before it was accursed". The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin." It is true that he is here speaking directly of actual or personal sin. But his argument is that all men are sinners; that they are so through original depravity; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God, and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort" (omni ex parte).

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: It

text: is

text: admitted

text: that

text: the

text: doctrine

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: Pius

text: IX

text: was

text: not

text: explicitly

text: mooted

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: agreed

text: that

text: no

text: direct

text: or

text: categorical

text: and

text: stringent

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: dogma

text: can

text: be

text: brought

text: forward

text: from

text: Scripture

text: But

text: it

text: is

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: doctrine

text: is

text: implicitly

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: the

text: Fathers

text: Their

text: expressions

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: the

text: sinlessness

text: of

text: Mary

text: are

text: it

text: is

text: pointed

text: out

text: so

text: ample

text: and

text: so

text: absolute

text: that

text: they

text: must

text: be

text: taken

text: to

text: include

text: original

text: sin

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: actual

text: Thus

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: centuries

text: such

text: epithets

text: as

text: in

text: every

text: respect

text: holy

text: in

text: all

text: things

text: unstained

text: super

text: innocent

text: and

text: singularly

text: holy

text: are

text: applied

text: to

text: her

text: she

text: is

text: compared

text: to

text: Eve

text: before

text: the

text: fall

text: as

text: ancestress

text: of

text: a

text: redeemed

text: people

text: she

text: is

text: the

text: earth

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: accursed

text: The

text: well

text: known

text: words

text: of

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: d.

text: may

text: be

text: cited

text: As

text: regards

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: God

text: he

text: says

text: I

text: will

text: not

text: allow

text: any

text: question

text: whatever

text: of

text: sin

text: It

text: is

text: true

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: here

text: speaking

text: directly

text: of

text: actual

text: or

text: personal

text: sin

text: But

text: his

text: argument

text: is

text: that

text: all

text: men

text: are

text: sinners

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: so

text: through

text: original

text: depravity

text: that

text: this

text: original

text: depravity

text: may

text: be

text: overcome

text: by

text: the

text: grace

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: he

text: adds

text: that

text: he

text: does

text: not

text: know

text: but

text: that

text: Mary

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: sufficient

text: grace

text: to

text: overcome

text: sin

text: of

text: every

text: sort

text: omni

text: ex

text: parte

question: What proof do some believe is offered as to proof of Mary being the ultimate concept of pure?

answer: include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "

text: include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "

question: What phrases were used to describe Mary ?

answer: in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her

text: in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her

question: Who is often held as the model for all things holy and pure that is not Mary ?

answer: Eve before the fall

text: Eve before the fall

question: Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?

answer: St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.

text: St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.

question: What did this person also state about all of mankind in regards to wayward transgressions  ?

answer: his argument is that all men are sinners;

text: his argument is that all men are sinners;


text: Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51 To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures which are still standing today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. It is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Despite

text: Magellan

text: 's

text: visit

text: Guam

text: was

text: not

text: officially

text: claimed

text: by

text: Spain

text: until

text: January

text: by

text: General

text: Miguel

text: López

text: de

text: From

text: to

text: Guam

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: the

text: only

text: Spanish

text: outpost

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: resting

text: stop

text: for

text: the

text: Manila

text: galleons

text: a

text: fleet

text: that

text: covered

text: the

text: Pacific

text: trade

text: route

text: between

text: Acapulco

text: and

text: To

text: protect

text: these

text: Pacific

text: fleets

text: Spain

text: built

text: several

text: defensive

text: structures

text: which

text: are

text: still

text: standing

text: today

text: such

text: as

text: Fort

text: Nuestra

text: Señora

text: de

text: la

text: Soledad

text: in

text: Umatac

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: single

text: segment

text: of

text: Micronesia

text: the

text: largest

text: islands

text: between

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Kyushu

text: Japan

text: New

text: Guinea

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

question: In what year was Guam claimed by Spain?

answer: 1565

question: What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?

answer: General Miguel López de Legazpi

text: General Miguel López de Legazpi

question: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?

answer: built several defensive structures

text: built several defensive structures


text: John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches. In the Eastern Church Sergei Bulgakov argued that the crucifixion of Jesus was "pre-eternally" determined by the Father before the creation of the world, to redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam. In the Western Church, Karl Rahner elaborated on the analogy that the blood of the Lamb of God (and the water from the side of Jesus) shed at the crucifixion had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: John

text: Calvin

text: supported

text: the

text: agent

text: of

text: God

text: Christology

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: in

text: his

text: trial

text: in

text: Pilate

text: 's

text: Court

text: Jesus

text: could

text: have

text: successfully

text: argued

text: for

text: his

text: innocence

text: but

text: instead

text: submitted

text: to

text: crucifixion

text: in

text: obedience

text: to

text: the

text: Father

text: This

text: Christological

text: theme

text: continued

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Western

text: Churches

text: In

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Church

text: Sergei

text: Bulgakov

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: was

text: pre

text: eternally

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: Father

text: before

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: redeem

text: humanity

text: from

text: the

text: disgrace

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Adam

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: Church

text: Karl

text: Rahner

text: elaborated

text: on

text: the

text: analogy

text: that

text: the

text: blood

text: of

text: the

text: Lamb

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: Jesus

text: shed

text: at

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: had

text: a

text: cleansing

text: nature

text: similar

text: to

text: baptismal

text: water

question: What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?

answer: successfully argued for his innocence

text: successfully argued for his innocence

question: Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion?

answer: obedience to the Father

text: obedience to the Father

question: The Eastern Church believes what regarding the death and ressurection?

answer: "pre-eternally" determined by the Father

text: "pre-eternally" determined by the Father

question: What did Jesus's death accomplish per the Eastern Church?

answer: redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam

text: redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam

question: What is the blood of the lamb?

answer: had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water

text: had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water