text: Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs regarding socialism, while the third explored social issues regarding the family and the tribe. While the first two volumes advocated radical reform, the third adopted a socially conservative stance, proclaiming that while men and women were equal, they were biologically designed for different roles in life. During the years that followed, Gaddafists adopted quotes from The Green Book, such as "Representation is Fraud", as slogans. Meanwhile, in September 1975, Gaddafi implemented further measures to increase popular mobilization, introducing objectives to improve the relationship between the Councils and the ASU.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: summarized

text: Third

text: International

text: Theory

text: in

text: three

text: short

text: volumes

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Green

text: Book

text: Volume

text: one

text: was

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: democracy

text: outlining

text: the

text: flaws

text: of

text: representative

text: systems

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: direct

text: participatory

text: GPCs

text: The

text: second

text: dealt

text: with

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: beliefs

text: regarding

text: socialism

text: while

text: the

text: third

text: explored

text: social

text: issues

text: regarding

text: the

text: family

text: and

text: the

text: tribe

text: While

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: volumes

text: advocated

text: radical

text: reform

text: the

text: third

text: adopted

text: a

text: socially

text: conservative

text: stance

text: proclaiming

text: that

text: while

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: were

text: equal

text: they

text: were

text: biologically

text: designed

text: for

text: different

text: roles

text: in

text: life

text: During

text: the

text: years

text: that

text: followed

text: Gaddafists

text: adopted

text: quotes

text: from

text: The

text: Green

text: Book

text: such

text: as

text: Representation

text: is

text: Fraud

text: as

text: slogans

text: Meanwhile

text: in

text: September

text: Gaddafi

text: implemented

text: further

text: measures

text: to

text: increase

text: popular

text: mobilization

text: introducing

text: objectives

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: Councils

text: and

text: the

text: ASU

question: Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes?

answer: three

text: three

question: When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published?

answer: 1979

question: What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings?

answer: The Green Book

text: The Green Book

question: What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy?

answer: one

text: one

question: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book?

answer: socialism

text: socialism


text: Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or "express themselves") differently. One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not. Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed. Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code. Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life. Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Epigenetics

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: mitotically

text: and/or

text: meiotically

text: heritable

text: changes

text: in

text: gene

text: function

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: underlying

text: DNA

text: sequence

text: but

text: cause

text: the

text: organism

text: 's

text: genes

text: to

text: behave

text: or

text: express

text: themselves

text: differently

text: One

text: example

text: of

text: epigenetic

text: change

text: is

text: the

text: marking

text: of

text: the

text: genes

text: by

text: DNA

text: methylation

text: which

text: determines

text: whether

text: they

text: will

text: be

text: expressed

text: or

text: not

text: Gene

text: expression

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: controlled

text: by

text: repressor

text: proteins

text: that

text: attach

text: to

text: silencer

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: and

text: prevent

text: that

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: code

text: from

text: being

text: expressed

text: Epigenetic

text: marks

text: may

text: be

text: added

text: or

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: DNA

text: during

text: programmed

text: stages

text: of

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: and

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: example

text: for

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: anthers

text: petals

text: and

text: normal

text: leaves

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: they

text: all

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: underlying

text: genetic

text: code

text: Epigenetic

text: changes

text: may

text: be

text: temporary

text: or

text: may

text: remain

text: through

text: successive

text: cell

text: divisions

text: for

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: 's

text: life

text: Some

text: epigenetic

text: changes

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: heritable

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: reset

text: in

text: the

text: germ

text: cells

question: What does epigenetics study?

answer: changes in gene function

text: changes in gene function

question: How do DNA changes affect plants?

answer: express themselves") differently

text: express themselves") differently

question: When DNA has different markers, how it that presented in plants?

answer: prevent that region of the DNA code

text: prevent that region of the DNA code

question: What is a result of changes in DNA markers within a plant species?

answer: differences

text: differences

question: Are the changes then presented, permanent?

answer: may be temporary

text: may be temporary


text: With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network centred on Melbourne and spreading out across the suburbs and into the countryside was established from the late 1850s. Further major public buildings were begun in the 1860s and 1870s such as the Supreme Court, Government House, and the Queen Victoria Market. The central city filled up with shops and offices, workshops, and warehouses. Large banks and hotels faced the main streets, with fine townhouses in the east end of Collins Street, contrasting with tiny cottages down laneways within the blocks. The Aboriginal population continued to decline with an estimated 80% total decrease by 1863, due primarily to introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: With

text: the

text: gold

text: rush

text: largely

text: over

text: by

text: Melbourne

text: continued

text: to

text: grow

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: continuing

text: gold

text: mining

text: as

text: the

text: major

text: port

text: for

text: exporting

text: the

text: agricultural

text: products

text: of

text: Victoria

text: especially

text: wool

text: and

text: a

text: developing

text: manufacturing

text: sector

text: protected

text: by

text: high

text: tariffs

text: An

text: extensive

text: radial

text: railway

text: network

text: centred

text: on

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: spreading

text: out

text: across

text: the

text: suburbs

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: countryside

text: was

text: established

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Further

text: major

text: public

text: buildings

text: were

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Government

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: Market

text: The

text: central

text: city

text: filled

text: up

text: with

text: shops

text: and

text: offices

text: workshops

text: and

text: warehouses

text: Large

text: banks

text: and

text: hotels

text: faced

text: the

text: main

text: streets

text: with

text: fine

text: townhouses

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: end

text: of

text: Collins

text: Street

text: contrasting

text: with

text: tiny

text: cottages

text: down

text: laneways

text: within

text: the

text: blocks

text: The

text: Aboriginal

text: population

text: continued

text: to

text: decline

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: total

text: decrease

text: by

text: due

text: primarily

text: to

text: introduced

text: diseases

text: particularly

text: smallpox

text: frontier

text: violence

text: and

text: dispossession

text: from

text: their

text: lands

question: When was the gold rush over in Melbourne?

answer: 1860

question: How did Melbourne grow as major port for exporting the agricultural products?

answer: gold mining

text: gold mining

question: What was protected by high tarriffs?

answer: wool

text: wool

question: In 1863, why was Aboriginal population declining?

answer: diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.

text: diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.

question: By what year was the gold rush largely over?

answer: 1860

question: What was one of the major agricultural products of Victoria around 1860?

answer: wool

text: wool

question: What were some of the reasons the Aboriginal population continued to recline?

answer: introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands

text: introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands

question: Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline?

answer: smallpox

text: smallpox

question: The Aboriginal population declined by what estimated percentage by 1863?

answer: 80%


text: Many Baptist churches choose to affiliate with organizational groups that provide fellowship without control. The largest such group is the Southern Baptist Convention. There also are a substantial number of smaller cooperative groups. Finally, there are Baptist churches that choose to remain autonomous and independent of any denomination, organization, or association. It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are independent and self-governing, and if so the term 'Baptist denomination' may be considered somewhat incongruous.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Many

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: choose

text: to

text: affiliate

text: with

text: organizational

text: groups

text: that

text: provide

text: fellowship

text: without

text: control

text: The

text: largest

text: such

text: group

text: is

text: the

text: Southern

text: Baptist

text: Convention

text: There

text: also

text: are

text: a

text: substantial

text: number

text: of

text: smaller

text: cooperative

text: groups

text: Finally

text: there

text: are

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: that

text: choose

text: to

text: remain

text: autonomous

text: and

text: independent

text: of

text: any

text: denomination

text: organization

text: or

text: association

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: suggested

text: that

text: a

text: primary

text: Baptist

text: principle

text: is

text: that

text: local

text: Baptist

text: Churches

text: are

text: independent

text: and

text: self

text: governing

text: and

text: if

text: so

text: the

text: term

text: Baptist

text: denomination

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: somewhat

text: incongruous

question: What is the largest fellowship without control?

answer: Southern Baptist Convention

text: Southern Baptist Convention

question: It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are what?

answer: independent and self-governing

text: independent and self-governing

question: What term is considered somewhat incongrous is a self-governing church?

answer: Baptist denomination

text: Baptist denomination


text: Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selborne, quoted a man's story about swallows being found in a chalk cliff collapse "while he was a schoolboy at Brighthelmstone", though the man denied being an eyewitness. However, he also writes that "as to swallows being found in a torpid state during the winter in the Isle of Wight or any part of this country, I never heard any such account worth attending to", and that if early swallows "happen to find frost and snow they immediately withdraw for a time—a circumstance this much more in favour of hiding than migration", since he doubts they would "return for a week or two to warmer latitudes".

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Aristotle

text: however

text: suggested

text: that

text: swallows

text: and

text: other

text: birds

text: hibernated

text: This

text: belief

text: persisted

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: when

text: Elliott

text: Coues

text: listed

text: the

text: titles

text: of

text: no

text: less

text: than

text: papers

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: hibernation

text: of

text: swallows

text: Even

text: the

text: highly

text: observant

text: Gilbert

text: White

text: in

text: his

text: posthumously

text: published

text: The

text: Natural

text: History

text: of

text: Selborne

text: quoted

text: a

text: man

text: 's

text: story

text: about

text: swallows

text: being

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: chalk

text: cliff

text: collapse

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: schoolboy

text: at

text: Brighthelmstone

text: though

text: the

text: man

text: denied

text: being

text: an

text: eyewitness

text: However

text: he

text: also

text: writes

text: that

text: as

text: to

text: swallows

text: being

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: torpid

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: in

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: or

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: country

text: I

text: never

text: heard

text: any

text: such

text: account

text: worth

text: attending

text: to

text: and

text: that

text: if

text: early

text: swallows

text: happen

text: to

text: find

text: frost

text: and

text: snow

text: they

text: immediately

text: withdraw

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: a

text: circumstance

text: this

text: much

text: more

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: hiding

text: than

text: migration

text: since

text: he

text: doubts

text: they

text: would

text: return

text: for

text: a

text: week

text: or

text: two

text: to

text: warmer

text: latitudes

question: Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated?

answer: swallows

text: swallows

question: Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?

answer: 1878

question: Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows?

answer: Elliott Coues

text: Elliott Coues

question: Who wrote "The Natural History of Selborne"?

answer: Gilbert White

text: Gilbert White


text: After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit. An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history, with the record credited to production designer Chris Corbould. Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015. A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production. Filming took 128 days.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: After

text: wrapping

text: up

text: in

text: England

text: production

text: travelled

text: to

text: Morocco

text: in

text: June

text: with

text: filming

text: taking

text: place

text: in

text: Oujda

text: Tangier

text: and

text: Erfoud

text: after

text: preliminary

text: work

text: was

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: production

text: 's

text: second

text: unit

text: An

text: explosion

text: filmed

text: in

text: Morocco

text: holds

text: a

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Record

text: for

text: the

text: Largest

text: film

text: stunt

text: explosion

text: in

text: cinematic

text: history

text: with

text: the

text: record

text: credited

text: to

text: production

text: designer

text: Chris

text: Corbould

text: Principal

text: photography

text: concluded

text: on

text: July

text: A

text: wrap

text: up

text: party

text: for

text: Spectre

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: commemoration

text: before

text: entering

text: post

text: production

text: Filming

text: took

text: days

question: Which three locations in Morocco were used in filming?

answer: Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud

text: Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud

question: What Guinness record was set during the filming of Spectre?

answer: Largest film stunt explosion

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: Who was the Guinness record attributed to?

answer: Chris Corbould

text: Chris Corbould

question: How long did it take to shoot Spectre?

answer: 128 days

text: 128 days

question: Where did production go to after leaving London?

answer: Morocco

text: Morocco

question: What Guinness World Record does the film hold?

answer: Largest film stunt explosion

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: How many day did filming take

answer: 128 days.

text: 128 days.

question: The Guinness World record was credited to which production designer?

answer: Chris Corbould

text: Chris Corbould


text: The second main principle, sola fide (by faith alone), states that faith in Christ is sufficient alone for eternal salvation. Though argued from scripture, and hence logically consequent to sola scriptura, this is the guiding principle of the work of Luther and the later reformers. Because sola scriptura placed the Bible as the only source of teaching, sola fide epitomises the main thrust of the teaching the reformers wanted to get back to, namely the direct, close, personal connection between Christ and the believer, hence the reformers' contention that their work was Christocentric.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: second

text: main

text: principle

text: sola

text: fide

text: by

text: faith

text: alone

text: states

text: that

text: faith

text: in

text: Christ

text: is

text: sufficient

text: alone

text: for

text: eternal

text: salvation

text: Though

text: argued

text: from

text: scripture

text: and

text: hence

text: logically

text: consequent

text: to

text: sola

text: scriptura

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: guiding

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Luther

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: reformers

text: Because

text: sola

text: scriptura

text: placed

text: the

text: Bible

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: source

text: of

text: teaching

text: sola

text: fide

text: epitomises

text: the

text: main

text: thrust

text: of

text: the

text: teaching

text: the

text: reformers

text: wanted

text: to

text: get

text: back

text: to

text: namely

text: the

text: direct

text: close

text: personal

text: connection

text: between

text: Christ

text: and

text: the

text: believer

text: hence

text: the

text: reformers

text: contention

text: that

text: their

text: work

text: was

text: Christocentric

question: What was Luther's main principle?

answer: sola fide (by faith alone)

text: sola fide (by faith alone)

question: What principle made the Bible the one source for teaching?

answer: sola scriptura

text: sola scriptura

question: What did reformers considered their beliefs to be, in terms of focus?

answer: Christocentric

text: Christocentric

question: What is the second principle of Protestantism?

answer: sola fide (by faith alone)

text: sola fide (by faith alone)

question: Faith can bring what eternal benefit?

answer: salvation

text: salvation


text: The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah, the de facto ruler of the Bengal province, opposed British attempts to use these permits. This led to the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, in which the Bengal Army of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French-supported Nawab's forces. This was the first real political foothold with territorial implications that the British acquired in India. Clive was appointed by the company as its first 'Governor of Bengal' in 1757. This was combined with British victories over the French at Madras, Wandiwash and Pondichéry that, along with wider British successes during the Seven Years' War, reduced French influence in India. The British East India Company extended its control over the whole of Bengal. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the company acquired the rights of administration in Bengal from de jure Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II; this marked the beginning of its formal rule, which within the next century engulfed most of India. The East India Company monopolized the trade of Bengal. They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structure in Bengal, often with zamindars set in place.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Nawab

text: of

text: Bengal

text: Siraj

text: Ud

text: Daulah

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Bengal

text: province

text: opposed

text: British

text: attempts

text: to

text: use

text: these

text: permits

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Plassey

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Bengal

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Clive

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: supported

text: Nawab

text: 's

text: forces

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: real

text: political

text: foothold

text: with

text: territorial

text: implications

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: acquired

text: in

text: India

text: Clive

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: company

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: Governor

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: combined

text: with

text: British

text: victories

text: over

text: the

text: French

text: at

text: Madras

text: Wandiwash

text: and

text: Pondichéry

text: that

text: along

text: with

text: wider

text: British

text: successes

text: during

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: reduced

text: French

text: influence

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: extended

text: its

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Bengal

text: After

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Buxar

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: acquired

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: administration

text: in

text: Bengal

text: from

text: de

text: jure

text: Mughal

text: Emperor

text: Shah

text: Alam

text: II

text: this

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: its

text: formal

text: rule

text: which

text: within

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: engulfed

text: most

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: monopolized

text: the

text: trade

text: of

text: Bengal

text: They

text: introduced

text: a

text: land

text: taxation

text: system

text: called

text: the

text: Permanent

text: Settlement

text: which

text: introduced

text: a

text: feudal

text: like

text: structure

text: in

text: Bengal

text: often

text: with

text: zamindars

text: set

text: in

text: place

question: What ruler opposed the British use of permits and ended up at war?

answer: Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah

text: Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah

question: What British company was heavily involved in the defeat of the Nawab's forces?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: Who did the East India Company appoint as Governor of Bengal?

answer: Robert Clive

text: Robert Clive

question: What type of land taxation system did the East India Company instigate in Bengal?

answer: feudal

text: feudal

question: How did the East India Company handle trade in Bengal?

answer: monopolized

text: monopolized


text: While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensity red LEDs, which leached Pb [lead] at levels exceeding regulatory limits (186 mg/L; regulatory limit: 5). However, according to California regulations, excessive levels of copper (up to 3892 mg/kg; limit: 2500), lead (up to 8103 mg/kg; limit: 1000), nickel (up to 4797 mg/kg; limit: 2000), or silver (up to 721 mg/kg; limit: 500) render all except low-intensity yellow LEDs hazardous."

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: While

text: LEDs

text: have

text: the

text: advantage

text: over

text: fluorescent

text: lamps

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: mercury

text: they

text: may

text: contain

text: other

text: hazardous

text: metals

text: such

text: as

text: lead

text: and

text: arsenic

text: Regarding

text: the

text: toxicity

text: of

text: LEDs

text: when

text: treated

text: as

text: waste

text: a

text: study

text: published

text: in

text: stated

text: According

text: to

text: federal

text: standards

text: LEDs

text: are

text: not

text: hazardous

text: except

text: for

text: low

text: intensity

text: red

text: LEDs

text: which

text: leached

text: Pb

text: lead

text: at

text: levels

text: exceeding

text: regulatory

text: limits

text: mg

text: L

text: regulatory

text: limit

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: California

text: regulations

text: excessive

text: levels

text: of

text: copper

text: up

text: to

text: mg

text: kg

text: limit

text: lead

text: up

text: to

text: mg

text: kg

text: limit

text: nickel

text: up

text: to

text: mg

text: kg

text: limit

text: or

text: silver

text: up

text: to

text: mg

text: kg

text: limit

text: render

text: all

text: except

text: low

text: intensity

text: yellow

text: LEDs

text: hazardous

question: What dangerous metal can LEDs contain?

answer: arsenic

text: arsenic

question: What substance does fluorescent lamps contain?

answer: mercury

text: mercury

question: Which LEDs are considered dangerous by a 2011 study?

answer: low-intensity red

text: low-intensity red

question: According to a California study, what harmful metal is in most LEDs?

answer: lead

text: lead

question: What LEDs are considered safer than any other?

answer: low-intensity yellow LEDs

text: low-intensity yellow LEDs


text: Some copyright owners voluntarily reduce the scope of what is considered infringement by employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing strategies: rather than privately negotiating license terms with individual users who must first seek out the copyright owner and ask for permission, the copyright owner publishes and distributes the work with a prepared license that anyone can use, as long as they adhere to certain conditions. This has the effect of reducing infringement – and the burden on courts – by simply permitting certain types of uses under terms that the copyright owner considers reasonable. Examples include free software licenses, like the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the Creative Commons licenses, which are predominantly applied to visual and literary works.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Some

text: copyright

text: owners

text: voluntarily

text: reduce

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: considered

text: infringement

text: by

text: employing

text: relatively

text: permissive

text: open

text: licensing

text: strategies

text: rather

text: than

text: privately

text: negotiating

text: license

text: terms

text: with

text: individual

text: users

text: who

text: must

text: first

text: seek

text: out

text: the

text: copyright

text: owner

text: and

text: ask

text: for

text: permission

text: the

text: copyright

text: owner

text: publishes

text: and

text: distributes

text: the

text: work

text: with

text: a

text: prepared

text: license

text: that

text: anyone

text: can

text: use

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: adhere

text: to

text: certain

text: conditions

text: This

text: has

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: reducing

text: infringement

text: and

text: the

text: burden

text: on

text: courts

text: by

text: simply

text: permitting

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: uses

text: under

text: terms

text: that

text: the

text: copyright

text: owner

text: considers

text: reasonable

text: Examples

text: include

text: free

text: software

text: licenses

text: like

text: the

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: GPL

text: and

text: the

text: Creative

text: Commons

text: licenses

text: which

text: are

text: predominantly

text: applied

text: to

text: visual

text: and

text: literary

text: works

question: What do some copyright owners do by reducing the scope of infringement?

answer: employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing

text: employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing

question: What must a user do under a prepared license?

answer: adhere to certain conditions

text: adhere to certain conditions

question: Besides lessening the burden on the courts, what is the effect of this license?

answer: reducing infringement

text: reducing infringement

question: What is an example of a free software license?

answer: GNU General Public License

text: GNU General Public License

question: What works do Creative Commons licenses generally apply to?

answer: visual and literary works

text: visual and literary works


text: The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: The

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: often

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: parliament[clarification

text: needed

text: and

text: is

text: expected

text: with

text: other

text: ministers

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: bills

text: through

text: the

text: legislature

text: In

text: some

text: monarchies

text: the

text: monarch

text: may

text: also

text: exercise

text: executive

text: powers

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: royal

text: prerogative

text: that

text: are

text: constitutionally

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: crown

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: exercised

text: without

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: parliament

question: What is a central duty of the prime minister?

answer: ensure the passage of bills

text: ensure the passage of bills

question: What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?

answer: royal prerogative

text: royal prerogative

question: Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?

answer: parliament

text: parliament


text: The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: a

text: Mayor

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: cities

text: and

text: towns

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: ceremonial

text: sheriff

text: who

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: deputy

text: for

text: the

text: Mayor

text: The

text: current

text: and

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Southampton

text: is

text: Linda

text: Norris

text: Catherine

text: McEwing

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: and

text: sherriff

text: The

text: town

text: crier

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: was

text: John

text: Melody

text: who

text: acted

text: as

text: master

text: of

text: ceremonies

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: who

text: possessed

text: a

text: cry

text: of

text: decibels

question: How many cities or towns are there in all of England and Wales with a ceremonial sheriff acting as the Mayor's deputy?

answer: 16

question: Who's the current Mayor of Southampton?

answer: Linda Norris

text: Linda Norris

question: What's the name of the 578th sheriff of Southampton?

answer: Catherine McEwing

text: Catherine McEwing

question: When did John Melody, the town crier of Southampton, pass away?

answer: 2014

question: How many decibels was John Melody able to reach in his cry?

answer: 104


text: Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Western

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: Jewish

text: community

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: Jewish

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: France

text: home

text: to

text: between

text: and

text: Jews

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: immigrants

text: or

text: refugees

text: from

text: North

text: African

text: Arab

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Algeria

text: Morocco

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: or

text: their

text: descendants

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: has

text: a

text: Jewish

text: community

text: of

text: In

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: there

text: are

text: anywhere

text: from

text: to

text: one

text: million

text: Jews

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: but

text: exact

text: figures

text: are

text: difficult

text: to

text: establish

text: In

text: Germany

text: the

text: Jews

text: registered

text: with

text: the

text: Jewish

text: community

text: are

text: a

text: slowly

text: declining

text: population

text: despite

text: the

text: immigration

text: of

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Jews

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: since

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: Thousands

text: of

text: Israelis

text: also

text: live

text: in

text: Germany

text: either

text: permanently

text: or

text: temporarily

text: for

text: economic

text: reasons

question: Where is Western Europe's largest Jewish community?

answer: France

text: France

question: How many Jews live in France?

answer: between 483,000 and 500,000

text: between 483,000 and 500,000

question: What is the population of Jews in the United Kingdom?

answer: 292,000


text: A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: A

text: Spanish

text: expedition

text: was

text: sent

text: from

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: governor

text: of

text: that

text: city

text: Bruno

text: Mauricio

text: de

text: Zabala

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Spanish

text: forced

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: location

text: and

text: started

text: populating

text: the

text: city

text: initially

text: with

text: six

text: families

text: moving

text: in

text: from

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: and

text: soon

text: thereafter

text: by

text: families

text: arriving

text: from

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: who

text: were

text: called

text: by

text: the

text: locals

text: guanches

text: guanchos

text: or

text: canarios

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: one

text: significant

text: early

text: Italian

text: resident

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Jorge

text: Burgues

question: Who organized the Spanish expedition?

answer: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala

text: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala

question: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?

answer: 22 January 1724

text: 22 January 1724

question: Who was one significant early italian resident?

answer: Jorge Burgues

text: Jorge Burgues


text: The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: The

text: word

text: mammal

text: is

text: modern

text: from

text: the

text: scientific

text: name

text: Mammalia

text: coined

text: by

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: in

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: teat

text: pap

text: All

text: female

text: mammals

text: nurse

text: their

text: young

text: with

text: milk

text: which

text: is

text: secreted

text: from

text: special

text: glands

text: the

text: mammary

text: glands

text: According

text: to

text: Mammal

text: Species

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: species

text: were

text: known

text: in

text: These

text: were

text: grouped

text: in

text: genera

text: families

text: and

text: orders

text: In

text: the

text: IUCN

text: completed

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: Global

text: Mammal

text: Assessment

text: for

text: its

text: IUCN

text: Red

text: List

text: which

text: counted

text: accepted

text: species

question: Who coined the name "mammal" from the scientific name Mammalia?

answer: Carl Linnaeus

text: Carl Linnaeus

question: What do all female mammals have in common when they have children?

answer: nurse their young with milk

text: nurse their young with milk

question: How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006?

answer: 5,416

question: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006?

answer: 153 families

text: 153 families


text: The ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of digesting the hydrocarbons in petroleum are often used to clean up oil spills. Fertilizer was added to some of the beaches in Prince William Sound in an attempt to promote the growth of these naturally occurring bacteria after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. These efforts were effective on beaches that were not too thickly covered in oil. Bacteria are also used for the bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. In the chemical industry, bacteria are most important in the production of enantiomerically pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrichemicals.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: bacteria

text: to

text: degrade

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: organic

text: compounds

text: is

text: remarkable

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: waste

text: processing

text: and

text: bioremediation

text: Bacteria

text: capable

text: of

text: digesting

text: the

text: hydrocarbons

text: in

text: petroleum

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: clean

text: up

text: oil

text: spills

text: Fertilizer

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: beaches

text: in

text: Prince

text: William

text: Sound

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: these

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: bacteria

text: after

text: the

text: Exxon

text: Valdez

text: oil

text: spill

text: These

text: efforts

text: were

text: effective

text: on

text: beaches

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: too

text: thickly

text: covered

text: in

text: oil

text: Bacteria

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: bioremediation

text: of

text: industrial

text: toxic

text: wastes

text: In

text: the

text: chemical

text: industry

text: bacteria

text: are

text: most

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: enantiomerically

text: pure

text: chemicals

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: pharmaceuticals

text: or

text: agrichemicals

question: What quality of bacteria is being widely used re-cyling?

answer: ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds

text: ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds

question: What is being used in cleaning up oil spills?

answer: Bacteria

text: Bacteria

question: What other way is bacteria aiding to nature?

answer: used for the bioremediation

text: used for the bioremediation


text: Czech has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages. Its thirty-one graphemes represent thirty sounds (in most dialects, i and y have the same sound), and it contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet. As a result, some of its characters have been used by phonologists to denote corresponding sounds in other languages. The characters q, w and x appear only in foreign words. The háček (ˇ) is used with certain letters to form new characters: š, ž, and č, as well as ň, ě, ř, ť, and ď (the latter five uncommon outside Czech). The last two letters are sometimes written with a comma above (ʼ, an abbreviated háček) because of their height. The character ó exists only in loanwords and onomatopoeia.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Czech

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: phonemic

text: orthographies

text: of

text: all

text: European

text: languages

text: Its

text: thirty

text: one

text: graphemes

text: represent

text: thirty

text: sounds

text: in

text: most

text: dialects

text: i

text: and

text: y

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: sound

text: and

text: it

text: contains

text: only

text: one

text: digraph

text: ch

text: which

text: follows

text: h

text: in

text: the

text: alphabet

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: characters

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: phonologists

text: to

text: denote

text: corresponding

text: sounds

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: The

text: characters

text: q

text: w

text: and

text: x

text: appear

text: only

text: in

text: foreign

text: words

text: The

text: háček

text: ˇ

text: is

text: used

text: with

text: certain

text: letters

text: to

text: form

text: new

text: characters

text: š

text: ž

text: and

text: č

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ň

text: ě

text: ř

text: ť

text: and

text: ď

text: the

text: latter

text: five

text: uncommon

text: outside

text: Czech

text: The

text: last

text: two

text: letters

text: are

text: sometimes

text: written

text: with

text: a

text: comma

text: above

text: ʼ

text: an

text: abbreviated

text: háček

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: height

text: The

text: character

text: ó

text: exists

text: only

text: in

text: loanwords

text: and

text: onomatopoeia

question: What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages?

answer: Czech

text: Czech

question: How many graphemes does Czech have?

answer: thirty-one

text: thirty-one

question: What have some of Czech's characters been used for by phonologists to denote?

answer: corresponding sounds in other languages

text: corresponding sounds in other languages

question: What character in Czech only exists in loanwords?

answer: ó

text: ó

question: In Czech, what type of words do the characters "q", "w" and "x" exclusively appear in?

answer: foreign

text: foreign


text: In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400,000 people to 800,000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: In

text: other

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: The

text: Times

text: opposed

text: the

text: repeal

text: of

text: the

text: Corn

text: Laws

text: until

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: demonstrations

text: convinced

text: the

text: editorial

text: board

text: otherwise

text: and

text: only

text: reluctantly

text: supported

text: aid

text: to

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: Potato

text: Famine

text: It

text: enthusiastically

text: supported

text: the

text: Great

text: Reform

text: Bill

text: of

text: which

text: reduced

text: corruption

text: and

text: increased

text: the

text: electorate

text: from

text: people

text: to

text: people

text: still

text: a

text: small

text: minority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: Times

text: represented

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: wealthy

text: classes

text: favouring

text: the

text: secessionists

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: slavery

question: What major event did The Times reluctantly support in the nineteenth century despite being initially opposed?

answer: Irish Potato Famine

text: Irish Potato Famine

question: The Times greatly supported what bill in 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate?

answer: Great Reform Bill of 1832

text: Great Reform Bill of 1832

question: Many demonstrations in the nineteenth century convinced The Times editorial board to finally support the repeal of what laws?

answer: Corn Laws

text: Corn Laws

question: During the American Civil War, what classes of people did The Times support?

answer: wealthy classes

text: wealthy classes

question: The Times favoured which political side of the American Civil War?

answer: the secessionists

text: the secessionists


text: There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: members

text: of

text: parliament

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: Royston

text: Smith

text: Conservative

text: for

text: Southampton

text: Itchen

text: the

text: constituency

text: covering

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Dr.

text: Alan

text: Whitehead

text: Labour

text: for

text: Southampton

text: Test

text: which

text: covers

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: Caroline

text: Nokes

text: Conservative

text: for

text: Romsey

text: and

text: Southampton

text: North

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

question: How many representatives does Southampton have in parliament?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is Royston Smith's constituency?

answer: Southampton Itchen

text: Southampton Itchen

question: Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?

answer: Dr. Alan Whitehead

text: Dr. Alan Whitehead

question: To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong?

answer: Conservative

text: Conservative

question: Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent?

answer: west

text: west


text: The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 "suicide package" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him "You are done. There is only one way out for you..." with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: frequently

text: investigated

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: King

text: Jr.

text: In

text: the

text: King

text: began

text: publicly

text: criticizing

text: the

text: Bureau

text: for

text: giving

text: insufficient

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: terrorism

text: by

text: white

text: supremacists

text: Hoover

text: responded

text: by

text: publicly

text: calling

text: King

text: the

text: most

text: notorious

text: liar

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: his

text: memoir

text: Washington

text: Post

text: journalist

text: Carl

text: Rowan

text: asserted

text: that

text: the

text: FBI

text: had

text: sent

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: anonymous

text: letter

text: to

text: King

text: encouraging

text: him

text: to

text: commit

text: suicide

text: Historian

text: Taylor

text: Branch

text: documents

text: an

text: anonymous

text: November

text: suicide

text: package

text: sent

text: by

text: the

text: Bureau

text: that

text: combined

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: civil

text: rights

text: leader

text: telling

text: him

text: You

text: are

text: done

text: There

text: is

text: only

text: one

text: way

text: out

text: for

text: you

text: with

text: audio

text: recordings

text: of

text: King

text: 's

text: sexual

text: indiscretions

question: Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?

answer: frequently

text: frequently

question: Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?

answer: the Bureau

text: the Bureau

question: What group did MLK believe needed more attention from the FBI?

answer: white supremacists

text: white supremacists

question: What did Hoover call MLK?

answer: notorious liar

text: notorious liar

question: What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK?

answer: anonymous

text: anonymous


text: Portuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ranging from iconography to classicism and even modern design. In Portuguese-speaking countries, many cities have a large amount of their sidewalks and even, though far more occasionally, streets done in this mosaic form. Lisbon in particular maintains almost all walkways in this style.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Portuguese

text: pavement

text: in

text: Portuguese

text: Calçada

text: Portuguesa

text: is

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: two

text: tone

text: stone

text: mosaic

text: paving

text: created

text: in

text: Portugal

text: and

text: common

text: throughout

text: the

text: Lusosphere

text: Most

text: commonly

text: taking

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: geometric

text: patterns

text: from

text: the

text: simple

text: to

text: the

text: complex

text: it

text: also

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: create

text: complex

text: pictorial

text: mosaics

text: in

text: styles

text: ranging

text: from

text: iconography

text: to

text: classicism

text: and

text: even

text: modern

text: design

text: In

text: Portuguese

text: speaking

text: countries

text: many

text: cities

text: have

text: a

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: their

text: sidewalks

text: and

text: even

text: though

text: far

text: more

text: occasionally

text: streets

text: done

text: in

text: this

text: mosaic

text: form

text: Lisbon

text: in

text: particular

text: maintains

text: almost

text: all

text: walkways

text: in

text: this

text: style

question: Which city has almost all of its sidewalks in Portuguese pavement?

answer: Lisbon

text: Lisbon

question: What is the most common pattern for Portuguese pavement?

answer: geometric

text: geometric

question: Portuguese pavement is known by what other name?

answer: Calçada Portuguesa

text: Calçada Portuguesa

question: What other cityscape is done with Portuguese pavement?

answer: streets

text: streets

question: What is Portuguese pavement?

answer: two-tone stone mosaic paving

text: two-tone stone mosaic paving


text: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a reversal but many instead dropped their discussion of race altogether. The authors attributed this to biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of racial classifications, instead of discussing them, and to the ongoing discussions in biology about the validity of the concept "subspecies". The authors also noted that some widely used textbooks in biology such as Douglas J. Futuyama's 1986 "Evolutionary Biology" had abandoned the race concept, "The concept of race, masking the overwhelming genetic similarity of all peoples and the mosaic patterns of variation that do not correspond to racial divisions, is not only socially dysfunctional but is biologically indefensible as well (pp. 5 18-5 19)." (Lieberman et al. 1992, pp. 316–17)

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: The

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: study

text: also

text: examined

text: college

text: textbooks

text: in

text: biology

text: and

text: in

text: physical

text: anthropology

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: Physical

text: anthropology

text: texts

text: argued

text: that

text: biological

text: races

text: exist

text: until

text: the

text: when

text: they

text: began

text: to

text: argue

text: that

text: races

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: In

text: contrast

text: biology

text: textbooks

text: did

text: not

text: undergo

text: such

text: a

text: reversal

text: but

text: many

text: instead

text: dropped

text: their

text: discussion

text: of

text: race

text: altogether

text: The

text: authors

text: attributed

text: this

text: to

text: biologists

text: trying

text: to

text: avoid

text: discussing

text: the

text: political

text: implications

text: of

text: racial

text: classifications

text: instead

text: of

text: discussing

text: them

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: ongoing

text: discussions

text: in

text: biology

text: about

text: the

text: validity

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: subspecies

text: The

text: authors

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: some

text: widely

text: used

text: textbooks

text: in

text: biology

text: such

text: as

text: Douglas

text: J.

text: Futuyama

text: 's

text: Evolutionary

text: Biology

text: had

text: abandoned

text: the

text: race

text: concept

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: race

text: masking

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: genetic

text: similarity

text: of

text: all

text: peoples

text: and

text: the

text: mosaic

text: patterns

text: of

text: variation

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: correspond

text: to

text: racial

text: divisions

text: is

text: not

text: only

text: socially

text: dysfunctional

text: but

text: is

text: biologically

text: indefensible

text: as

text: well

text: pp

text: Lieberman

text: et

text: al

text: pp

question: How many college textbooks in biology did the authors of the study examine?

answer: 77

question: Up until when did physical anthropology texts still argue that biological races exist?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s

question: What did biology textbooks drop altogether?

answer: their discussion of race

text: their discussion of race

question: What were biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of?

answer: racial classifications

text: racial classifications

question: What did Douglas J. Futuyama consider the concept of race as not only being socially dysfunctional but this as well?

answer: biologically indefensible

text: biologically indefensible


text: In September 2003, retired four-star general Wesley Clark announced his intention to run in the presidential primary election for the Democratic Party nomination. His campaign focused on themes of leadership and patriotism; early campaign ads relied heavily on biography. His late start left him with relatively few detailed policy proposals. This weakness was apparent in his first few debates, although he soon presented a range of position papers, including a major tax-relief plan. Nevertheless, the Democrats did not flock to support his campaign.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: In

text: September

text: retired

text: four

text: star

text: general

text: Wesley

text: Clark

text: announced

text: his

text: intention

text: to

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: presidential

text: primary

text: election

text: for

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: nomination

text: His

text: campaign

text: focused

text: on

text: themes

text: of

text: leadership

text: and

text: patriotism

text: early

text: campaign

text: ads

text: relied

text: heavily

text: on

text: biography

text: His

text: late

text: start

text: left

text: him

text: with

text: relatively

text: few

text: detailed

text: policy

text: proposals

text: This

text: weakness

text: was

text: apparent

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: few

text: debates

text: although

text: he

text: soon

text: presented

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: position

text: papers

text: including

text: a

text: major

text: tax

text: relief

text: plan

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: Democrats

text: did

text: not

text: flock

text: to

text: support

text: his

text: campaign

question: Which Democratic nominee declared his intention to enter into the presidential race, in the fall of 2003?

answer: Wesley Clark

text: Wesley Clark

question: What did Wesley Clark's initial campaign ads depend upon?

answer: biography

text: biography

question: What were Wesley Clarks's core issues?

answer: leadership and patriotism

text: leadership and patriotism

question: What shortcoming was noticeable, from the start, for Wesley Clark?

answer: few detailed policy proposals

text: few detailed policy proposals

question: Was Wesley Clark influential in gathering the Democratic backing?

answer: did not flock to support his campaign

text: did not flock to support his campaign


text: The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in "Sarmatism", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalted traditional village life, peace and pacifism. It was also manifested in oriental-style apparel (the żupan, kontusz, sukmana, pas kontuszowy, delia); and made the scimitar-like szabla, too, a near-obligatory item of everyday szlachta apparel. Sarmatism served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility as it created an almost nationalistic sense of unity and pride in the szlachta's "Golden Liberty" (złota wolność). Knowledge of Latin was widespread, and most szlachta freely mixed Polish and Latin vocabulary (the latter, "macaronisms"—from "macaroni") in everyday conversation.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: szlachta

text: 's

text: prevalent

text: mentality

text: and

text: ideology

text: were

text: manifested

text: in

text: Sarmatism

text: a

text: name

text: derived

text: from

text: a

text: myth

text: of

text: the

text: szlachta

text: 's

text: origin

text: in

text: the

text: powerful

text: ancient

text: nation

text: of

text: Sarmatians

text: This

text: belief

text: system

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: szlachta

text: culture

text: and

text: affected

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: their

text: lives

text: It

text: was

text: popularized

text: by

text: poets

text: who

text: exalted

text: traditional

text: village

text: life

text: peace

text: and

text: pacifism

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: manifested

text: in

text: oriental

text: style

text: apparel

text: the

text: żupan

text: kontusz

text: sukmana

text: pas

text: kontuszowy

text: delia

text: and

text: made

text: the

text: scimitar

text: like

text: szabla

text: too

text: a

text: near

text: obligatory

text: item

text: of

text: everyday

text: szlachta

text: apparel

text: Sarmatism

text: served

text: to

text: integrate

text: the

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: nobility

text: as

text: it

text: created

text: an

text: almost

text: nationalistic

text: sense

text: of

text: unity

text: and

text: pride

text: in

text: the

text: szlachta

text: 's

text: Golden

text: Liberty

text: złota

text: wolność

text: Knowledge

text: of

text: Latin

text: was

text: widespread

text: and

text: most

text: szlachta

text: freely

text: mixed

text: Polish

text: and

text: Latin

text: vocabulary

text: the

text: latter

text: macaronisms

text: from

text: macaroni

text: in

text: everyday

text: conversation

question: What was the prevalent mentality and ideology called?

answer: Sarmatism

text: Sarmatism

question: Where did the name sarmatism originate?

answer: powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians

text: powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians

question: How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture?

answer: served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility

text: served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility

question: What was also pushed for by result of sarmatism?

answer: peace and pacifism

text: peace and pacifism

question: What languages were freely mixed?

answer: Polish and Latin

text: Polish and Latin


text: Similar to the CD versus LP sound quality debates common in the audiophile community, some videophiles argue that LaserDisc maintains a "smoother", more "film-like", natural image while DVD still looks slightly more artificial. Early DVD demo discs often had compression or encoding problems, lending additional support to such claims at the time. However, the video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of LaserDisc are substantially less than that of DVDs, making DVDs appear sharper and clearer to most viewers.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Similar

text: to

text: the

text: CD

text: versus

text: LP

text: sound

text: quality

text: debates

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: audiophile

text: community

text: some

text: videophiles

text: argue

text: that

text: LaserDisc

text: maintains

text: a

text: smoother

text: more

text: film

text: like

text: natural

text: image

text: while

text: DVD

text: still

text: looks

text: slightly

text: more

text: artificial

text: Early

text: DVD

text: demo

text: discs

text: often

text: had

text: compression

text: or

text: encoding

text: problems

text: lending

text: additional

text: support

text: to

text: such

text: claims

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: However

text: the

text: video

text: signal

text: to

text: noise

text: ratio

text: and

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: LaserDisc

text: are

text: substantially

text: less

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: DVDs

text: making

text: DVDs

text: appear

text: sharper

text: and

text: clearer

text: to

text: most

text: viewers

question: Which format is considered to look most realistic, LaserDisc or DVD?

answer: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

question: Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, is said to appear sharper and clearer to most viewers?

answer: DVDs

text: DVDs

question: What features do LaserDiscs lack in, causing DVDs to appear sharper and clearer?

answer: video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth

text: video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth


text: Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Shorter

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: daily

text: strips

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: became

text: established

text: in

text: newspapers

text: after

text: the

text: success

text: in

text: of

text: Bud

text: Fisher

text: 's

text: Mutt

text: and

text: Jeff

text: Humour

text: strips

text: predominated

text: at

text: first

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: strips

text: with

text: continuing

text: stories

text: in

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: adventure

text: and

text: drama

text: also

text: became

text: popular

text: Thin

text: periodicals

text: called

text: comic

text: books

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: at

text: first

text: reprinting

text: newspaper

text: comic

text: strips

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: original

text: content

text: began

text: to

text: dominate

text: The

text: success

text: in

text: of

text: Action

text: Comics

text: and

text: its

text: lead

text: hero

text: Superman

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Comic

text: Books

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: superhero

text: genre

text: was

text: prominent

question: What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with?

answer: Mutt and Jeff

text: Mutt and Jeff

question: When did Mutt and Jeff appear?

answer: 1907

question: When did comic books make an appearance?

answer: 1930s

question: Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938?

answer: Action Comics

text: Action Comics


text: Three-phase AC railway electrification was used in Italy, Switzerland and the United States in the early twentieth century. Italy was the major user, for lines in the mountainous regions of northern Italy from 1901 until 1976. The first lines were the Burgdorf-Thun line in Switzerland (1899), and the lines of the Ferrovia Alta Valtellina from Colico to Chiavenna and Tirano in Italy, which were electrified in 1901 and 1902. Other lines where the three-phase system were used were the Simplon Tunnel in Switzerland from 1906 to 1930, and the Cascade Tunnel of the Great Northern Railway in the United States from 1909 to 1927.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Three

text: phase

text: AC

text: railway

text: electrification

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: Italy

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: twentieth

text: century

text: Italy

text: was

text: the

text: major

text: user

text: for

text: lines

text: in

text: the

text: mountainous

text: regions

text: of

text: northern

text: Italy

text: from

text: until

text: The

text: first

text: lines

text: were

text: the

text: Burgdorf

text: Thun

text: line

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: lines

text: of

text: the

text: Ferrovia

text: Alta

text: Valtellina

text: from

text: Colico

text: to

text: Chiavenna

text: and

text: Tirano

text: in

text: Italy

text: which

text: were

text: electrified

text: in

text: and

text: Other

text: lines

text: where

text: the

text: three

text: phase

text: system

text: were

text: used

text: were

text: the

text: Simplon

text: Tunnel

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Tunnel

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: Railway

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: to

question: What countries  used three-phase AC system in the the beginning of 20th century?

answer: Italy, Switzerland and the United States

text: Italy, Switzerland and the United States

question: What country was a bigger user compare to the three of them?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Where did Italy start using the AC system?

answer: in the mountainous regions of northern Italy

text: in the mountainous regions of northern Italy

question: How long did the AC system last in northern Italy?

answer: 1901 until 1976

text: 1901 until 1976

question: How long did three-phase system operate in Cascade Tunnel?

answer: 1909 to 1927

text: 1909 to 1927


text: Protestants also took the initiative in advocating for religious freedom. Freedom of conscience had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy Spirit and could, therefore, not be forced on a person. The persecuted Anabaptists and Huguenots demanded freedom of conscience, and they practised separation of church and state. In the early seventeenth century, Baptists like John Smyth and Thomas Helwys published tracts in defense of religious freedom. Their thinking influenced John Milton and John Locke's stance on tolerance. Under the leadership of Baptist Roger Williams, Congregationalist Thomas Hooker, and Quaker William Penn, respectively, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania combined democratic constitutions with freedom of religion. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities, including Jews. The United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the American Bill of Rights with its fundamental human rights made this tradition permanent by giving it a legal and political framework. The great majority of American Protestants, both clergy and laity, strongly supported the independence movement. All major Protestant churches were represented in the First and Second Continental Congresses. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the American democracy became a model for numerous other countries and regions throughout the world (e.g., Latin America, Japan, and Germany). The strongest link between the American and French Revolutions was Marquis de Lafayette, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional principles. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was mainly based on Lafayette's draft of this document. The United Nations Declaration and Universal Declaration of Human Rights also echo the American constitutional tradition.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestants

text: also

text: took

text: the

text: initiative

text: in

text: advocating

text: for

text: religious

text: freedom

text: Freedom

text: of

text: conscience

text: had

text: high

text: priority

text: on

text: the

text: theological

text: philosophical

text: and

text: political

text: agendas

text: since

text: Luther

text: refused

text: to

text: recant

text: his

text: beliefs

text: before

text: the

text: Diet

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: at

text: Worms

text: In

text: his

text: view

text: faith

text: was

text: a

text: free

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: and

text: could

text: therefore

text: not

text: be

text: forced

text: on

text: a

text: person

text: The

text: persecuted

text: Anabaptists

text: and

text: Huguenots

text: demanded

text: freedom

text: of

text: conscience

text: and

text: they

text: practised

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: seventeenth

text: century

text: Baptists

text: like

text: John

text: Smyth

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Helwys

text: published

text: tracts

text: in

text: defense

text: of

text: religious

text: freedom

text: Their

text: thinking

text: influenced

text: John

text: Milton

text: and

text: John

text: Locke

text: 's

text: stance

text: on

text: tolerance

text: Under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Baptist

text: Roger

text: Williams

text: Congregationalist

text: Thomas

text: Hooker

text: and

text: Quaker

text: William

text: Penn

text: respectively

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: Pennsylvania

text: combined

text: democratic

text: constitutions

text: with

text: freedom

text: of

text: religion

text: These

text: colonies

text: became

text: safe

text: havens

text: for

text: persecuted

text: religious

text: minorities

text: including

text: Jews

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: with

text: its

text: fundamental

text: human

text: rights

text: made

text: this

text: tradition

text: permanent

text: by

text: giving

text: it

text: a

text: legal

text: and

text: political

text: framework

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: American

text: Protestants

text: both

text: clergy

text: and

text: laity

text: strongly

text: supported

text: the

text: independence

text: movement

text: All

text: major

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: were

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congresses

text: In

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: and

text: twentieth

text: centuries

text: the

text: American

text: democracy

text: became

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: numerous

text: other

text: countries

text: and

text: regions

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: e.g.

text: Latin

text: America

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: strongest

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: American

text: and

text: French

text: Revolutions

text: was

text: Marquis

text: de

text: Lafayette

text: an

text: ardent

text: supporter

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: constitutional

text: principles

text: The

text: French

text: Declaration

text: of

text: the

text: Rights

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Citizen

text: was

text: mainly

text: based

text: on

text: Lafayette

text: 's

text: draft

text: of

text: this

text: document

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Declaration

text: and

text: Universal

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Human

text: Rights

text: also

text: echo

text: the

text: American

text: constitutional

text: tradition

question: What group initiated the right to religious freedom?

answer: Protestants

text: Protestants

question: Where did Luther refuse to change his beliefs?

answer: Worms

text: Worms

question: What persecuted groups followed the separation of church and state?

answer: Anabaptists and Huguenots

text: Anabaptists and Huguenots

question: Who wrote about religious freedom in the early 17th century?

answer: John Smyth and Thomas Helwys

text: John Smyth and Thomas Helwys

question: How many American Protestants supported independence in America?

answer: The great majority

text: The great majority


text: Having been capital of a vast pre-Hispanic empire, and also the capital of richest viceroyalty within the Spanish Empire (ruling over a vast territory in the Americas and Spanish West Indies), and, finally, the capital of the United Mexican States, Mexico City has a rich history of artistic expression. Since the mesoamerican pre-Classical period the inhabitants of the settlements around Lake Texcoco produced many works of art and complex craftsmanship, some of which are today displayed at the world-renowned National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum. While many pieces of pottery and stone-engraving have survived, the great majority of the Amerindian iconography was destroyed during the Conquest of Mexico.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Having

text: been

text: capital

text: of

text: a

text: vast

text: pre

text: Hispanic

text: empire

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: richest

text: viceroyalty

text: within

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: ruling

text: over

text: a

text: vast

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: Spanish

text: West

text: Indies

text: and

text: finally

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: a

text: rich

text: history

text: of

text: artistic

text: expression

text: Since

text: the

text: mesoamerican

text: pre

text: Classical

text: period

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: settlements

text: around

text: Lake

text: Texcoco

text: produced

text: many

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: complex

text: craftsmanship

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: today

text: displayed

text: at

text: the

text: world

text: renowned

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Anthropology

text: and

text: the

text: Templo

text: Mayor

text: museum

text: While

text: many

text: pieces

text: of

text: pottery

text: and

text: stone

text: engraving

text: have

text: survived

text: the

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Amerindian

text: iconography

text: was

text: destroyed

text: during

text: the

text: Conquest

text: of

text: Mexico

question: When did Mexico City lost most of its artifacts?

answer: Conquest of Mexico

text: Conquest of Mexico

question: When did the complex art of Mexico City begin?

answer: pre-Classical period

text: pre-Classical period

question: What holds most of the old art of the Mexico city region?

answer: National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum

text: National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum

question: What are the main artifacts that have survived?

answer: pottery and stone-engraving

text: pottery and stone-engraving


text: In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: In

text: Hyderabad

text: city

text: became

text: the

text: formal

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Nizams

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: regular

text: threats

text: from

text: Hyder

text: Ali

text: Dalwai

text: of

text: Mysore

text: Baji

text: Rao

text: I

text: Peshwa

text: of

text: the

text: Maratha

text: Empire

text: and

text: Basalath

text: Jung

text: Asif

text: Jah

text: II

text: 's

text: elder

text: brother

text: who

text: was

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: Marquis

text: de

text: Bussy

text: Castelnau

text: the

text: Nizam

text: signed

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: in

text: allowing

text: the

text: British

text: Indian

text: Army

text: to

text: occupy

text: Bolarum

text: modern

text: Secunderabad

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: borders

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: Nizams

text: paid

text: an

text: annual

text: maintenance

text: to

text: the

text: British

question: Whom did the Nizam ally with in the late 18th century?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: What was the title of Baji Rao I?

answer: Peshwa of the Maratha Empire

text: Peshwa of the Maratha Empire

question: What was the title of Hyder Ali?

answer: Dalwai of Mysore

text: Dalwai of Mysore

question: Which military occupied Hyderabad city in a protection role?

answer: British Indian Army

text: British Indian Army

question: In what year did Hyderabad become the capital of Nizams?

answer: 1769


text: Entry lights can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property. These lights are installed for safety, security, and for decoration.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Entry

text: lights

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: outside

text: to

text: illuminate

text: and

text: signal

text: the

text: entrance

text: to

text: a

text: property

text: These

text: lights

text: are

text: installed

text: for

text: safety

text: security

text: and

text: for

text: decoration

question: What type of light would be used illuminate the entrance to a property?

answer: Entry lights

text: Entry lights


text: The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion. Students sat the 11+ examination in their last year of primary education and were sent to one of a secondary modern, secondary technical or grammar school depending on their perceived ability. Secondary technical schools were never widely implemented and for 20 years there was a virtual bipartite system which saw fierce competition for the available grammar school places, which varied between 15% and 25% of total secondary places, depending on location.[citation needed]

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: The

text: largest

text: expansion

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: in

text: resulted

text: from

text: a

text: policy

text: decision

text: taken

text: in

text: by

text: Anthony

text: Crosland

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Education

text: in

text: the

text: Labour

text: government

text: The

text: policy

text: decision

text: was

text: implemented

text: by

text: Circular

text: an

text: instruction

text: to

text: local

text: education

text: authorities

text: to

text: plan

text: for

text: conversion

text: Students

text: sat

text: the

text: examination

text: in

text: their

text: last

text: year

text: of

text: primary

text: education

text: and

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: a

text: secondary

text: modern

text: secondary

text: technical

text: or

text: grammar

text: school

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: perceived

text: ability

text: Secondary

text: technical

text: schools

text: were

text: never

text: widely

text: implemented

text: and

text: for

text: years

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: virtual

text: bipartite

text: system

text: which

text: saw

text: fierce

text: competition

text: for

text: the

text: available

text: grammar

text: school

text: places

text: which

text: varied

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: total

text: secondary

text: places

text: depending

text: on

text: location.[citation

text: needed

question: Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?

answer: Anthony Crosland

text: Anthony Crosland

question: what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?

answer: Secretary of State for Education

text: Secretary of State for Education

question: Which type of school was not in widespread usage?

answer: Secondary technical schools

text: Secondary technical schools


text: Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914). In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations. Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France's major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: visited

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: Louvre

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Musée

text: d'Orsay

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: collection

text: of

text: French

text: Impressionist

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: Musée

text: National

text: d'Art

text: Moderne

text: a

text: museum

text: of

text: modern

text: and

text: contemporary

text: art

text: The

text: notable

text: architectural

text: landmarks

text: of

text: Paris

text: include

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Cathedral

text: century

text: the

text: Sainte

text: Chapelle

text: century

text: the

text: Eiffel

text: Tower

text: and

text: the

text: Basilica

text: of

text: Sacré

text: Cœur

text: on

text: Montmartre

text: In

text: Paris

text: received

text: million

text: visitors

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: top

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: Paris

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: fashion

text: particularly

text: the

text: twice

text: yearly

text: Paris

text: Fashion

text: Week

text: and

text: for

text: its

text: haute

text: cuisine

text: and

text: three

text: star

text: restaurants

text: Most

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: major

text: universities

text: and

text: grandes

text: écoles

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Paris

text: as

text: are

text: France

text: 's

text: major

text: newspapers

text: including

text: Le

text: Monde

text: Le

text: Figaro

text: and

text: Libération

question: What is the most visited art museum in the world?

answer: Louvre

text: Louvre

question: what is the Musee de Orsay known for?

answer: French Impressionist art

text: French Impressionist art

question: In what year was the Eiffel Tower built?

answer: 1889

question: How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014?

answer: 22.4 million

text: 22.4 million

question: In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built?

answer: 12th


text: In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two years, the impact of the ban was mixed; some pubs suffered declining sales, while others developed their food sales. The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban. Similar bans are applied in Australian pubs with smoking only allowed in designated areas.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: In

text: March

text: a

text: law

text: was

text: introduced

text: to

text: forbid

text: smoking

text: in

text: all

text: enclosed

text: public

text: places

text: in

text: Scotland

text: Wales

text: followed

text: suit

text: in

text: April

text: with

text: England

text: introducing

text: the

text: ban

text: in

text: July

text: Pub

text: landlords

text: had

text: raised

text: concerns

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: that

text: a

text: smoking

text: ban

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: negative

text: impact

text: on

text: sales

text: After

text: two

text: years

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: the

text: ban

text: was

text: mixed

text: some

text: pubs

text: suffered

text: declining

text: sales

text: while

text: others

text: developed

text: their

text: food

text: sales

text: The

text: Wetherspoon

text: pub

text: chain

text: reported

text: in

text: June

text: that

text: profits

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: end

text: of

text: expectations

text: however

text: Scottish

text: Newcastle

text: 's

text: takeover

text: by

text: Carlsberg

text: and

text: Heineken

text: was

text: reported

text: in

text: January

text: as

text: partly

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: its

text: weakness

text: following

text: falling

text: sales

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: ban

text: Similar

text: bans

text: are

text: applied

text: in

text: Australian

text: pubs

text: with

text: smoking

text: only

text: allowed

text: in

text: designated

text: areas

question: In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in Scotland?

answer: March 2006

text: March 2006

question: When did Wales outlaw smoking in public?

answer: April 2007

text: April 2007

question: What was the month and year when England banned public smoking?

answer: July 2007

text: July 2007

question: What company took over Scottish & Newcastle's pubs?

answer: Carlsberg and Heineken

text: Carlsberg and Heineken

question: What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009?

answer: Wetherspoon

text: Wetherspoon


text: National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year. Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: teams

text: play

text: eight

text: preseason

text: games

text: per

text: year

text: Today

text: NBA

text: teams

text: almost

text: always

text: play

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: preseason

text: but

text: mainly

text: at

text: neutral

text: sites

text: within

text: their

text: market

text: areas

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: allow

text: those

text: who

text: ca

text: n't

text: usually

text: make

text: a

text: trip

text: to

text: a

text: home

text: team

text: 's

text: arena

text: during

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: to

text: see

text: a

text: game

text: close

text: to

text: home

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: Minnesota

text: Timberwolves

text: will

text: play

text: games

text: in

text: arenas

text: in

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: South

text: Dakota

text: while

text: the

text: Phoenix

text: Suns

text: schedule

text: one

text: exhibition

text: game

text: outdoors

text: at

text: Indian

text: Wells

text: Tennis

text: Garden

text: in

text: Indian

text: Wells

text: California

text: yearly

text: the

text: only

text: such

text: instance

text: an

text: NBA

text: game

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: an

text: outdoor

text: venue

question: How many preseason games do NBA teams play?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Where are the TImberwolves based?

answer: Minnesota

text: Minnesota

question: Where are the Suns based?

answer: Phoenix

text: Phoenix

question: The Suns' exhibition game in Indian Wells, CA is the only time an NBA game is played in what setting?

answer: an outdoor venue

text: an outdoor venue

question: What venue do the Suns play at in Indian Wells?

answer: Indian Wells Tennis Garden

text: Indian Wells Tennis Garden