text: Villa and Carranza had different political goals causing Villa to become an enemy of Carranza. After Carranza took control in 1914, Villa and other revolutionaries who opposed him met at what was called the Convention of Aguascalientes. The convention deposed Carranza in favor of Eulalio Gutiérrez. In the winter of 1914 Villa's and Zapata's troops entered and occupied Mexico City. Villa was forced from the city in early 1915 and attacked the forces of Gen. Obregón at the Battle of Celaya and was badly defeated in the bloodiest battle of the revolution, with thousands dead. With the defeat of Villa, Carranza seized power. A short time later the United States recognized Carranza as president of Mexico. Even though Villa's forces were badly depleted by his loss at Celaya, he continued his fight against the Carranza government. Finally, in 1920, Obregón—who had defeated him at Celaya—finally reached an agreement with Villa end his rebellion.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Villa

text: and

text: Carranza

text: had

text: different

text: political

text: goals

text: causing

text: Villa

text: to

text: become

text: an

text: enemy

text: of

text: Carranza

text: After

text: Carranza

text: took

text: control

text: in

text: Villa

text: and

text: other

text: revolutionaries

text: who

text: opposed

text: him

text: met

text: at

text: what

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Convention

text: of

text: Aguascalientes

text: The

text: convention

text: deposed

text: Carranza

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: Eulalio

text: Gutiérrez

text: In

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: Villa

text: 's

text: and

text: Zapata

text: 's

text: troops

text: entered

text: and

text: occupied

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Villa

text: was

text: forced

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: early

text: and

text: attacked

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: Gen.

text: Obregón

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Celaya

text: and

text: was

text: badly

text: defeated

text: in

text: the

text: bloodiest

text: battle

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

text: with

text: thousands

text: dead

text: With

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Villa

text: Carranza

text: seized

text: power

text: A

text: short

text: time

text: later

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: recognized

text: Carranza

text: as

text: president

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Even

text: though

text: Villa

text: 's

text: forces

text: were

text: badly

text: depleted

text: by

text: his

text: loss

text: at

text: Celaya

text: he

text: continued

text: his

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: Carranza

text: government

text: Finally

text: in

text: Obregón

text: who

text: had

text: defeated

text: him

text: at

text: Celaya

text: finally

text: reached

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: Villa

text: end

text: his

text: rebellion

question: Villa became an enemy of whom?

answer: Carranza

text: Carranza

question: Who took control in 1914?

answer: Carranza

text: Carranza

question: Carranza met with his opposition at a meeting called what?

answer: Convention of Aguascalientes

text: Convention of Aguascalientes

question: The convention deposed Carranza in favor of whom?

answer: Eulalio Gutiérrez

text: Eulalio Gutiérrez

question: At which battle was Obregon badly defeated?

answer: Battle of Celaya

text: Battle of Celaya


text: Beginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when it was suspended because of World War II. Finally, the 12-inch (30 cm) Long Play (LP) 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove record album was introduced by the Columbia Record Company at a New York press conference on June 18, 1948.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Beginning

text: in

text: Dr.

text: Peter

text: Goldmark

text: and

text: his

text: staff

text: at

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: and

text: at

text: CBS

text: Laboratories

text: undertook

text: efforts

text: to

text: address

text: problems

text: of

text: recording

text: and

text: playing

text: back

text: narrow

text: grooves

text: and

text: developing

text: an

text: inexpensive

text: reliable

text: consumer

text: playback

text: system

text: It

text: took

text: about

text: eight

text: years

text: of

text: study

text: except

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: suspended

text: because

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Finally

text: the

text: cm

text: Long

text: Play

text: LP

text: rpm

text: microgroove

text: record

text: album

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Record

text: Company

text: at

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: press

text: conference

text: on

text: June

question: What caused a delay in the production of high quality records?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Who released the 12 inch LP?

answer: Columbia Record Company

text: Columbia Record Company

question: On what date was the 12 inch LP released?

answer: June 18, 1948

text: June 18, 1948

question: In what city was the 12 in LP released?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: How long did it take Columbia to produce a consumer friendly long play record?

answer: about eight years

text: about eight years


text: While Nintendo never released an adapter for playing NES games on the SNES (though the instructions included a way to connect both consoles to the same TV by either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems), the Super Game Boy adapter cartridge allows games designed for Nintendo's portable Game Boy system to be played on the SNES. The Super Game Boy touted several feature enhancements over the Game Boy, including palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console. Japan also saw the release of the Super Game Boy 2, which added a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: While

text: Nintendo

text: never

text: released

text: an

text: adapter

text: for

text: playing

text: NES

text: games

text: on

text: the

text: SNES

text: though

text: the

text: instructions

text: included

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: connect

text: both

text: consoles

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: TV

text: by

text: either

text: daisy

text: chaining

text: the

text: RF

text: switches

text: or

text: using

text: AV

text: outputs

text: for

text: one

text: or

text: both

text: systems

text: the

text: Super

text: Game

text: Boy

text: adapter

text: cartridge

text: allows

text: games

text: designed

text: for

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: portable

text: Game

text: Boy

text: system

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: the

text: SNES

text: The

text: Super

text: Game

text: Boy

text: touted

text: several

text: feature

text: enhancements

text: over

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: including

text: palette

text: substitution

text: custom

text: screen

text: borders

text: and

text: for

text: specially

text: enhanced

text: games

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: SNES

text: console

text: Japan

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Super

text: Game

text: Boy

text: which

text: added

text: a

text: communication

text: port

text: to

text: enable

text: a

text: second

text: Game

text: Boy

text: to

text: connect

text: for

text: multiplayer

text: games

question: How did Nintendo say an NES and SNES could be used on the same TV?

answer: either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems

text: either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems

question: Which other game system's cartridges could be adapted to the SNES?

answer: Game Boy

text: Game Boy

question: What improvements did the Super Game Boy have over the Game Boy?

answer: palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console

text: palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console

question: Where was the Super Game Boy 2 released?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: What did the Super Game Boy 2 add?

answer: a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games

text: a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games


text: Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré. Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Founded

text: to

text: preach

text: the

text: Gospel

text: and

text: to

text: combat

text: heresy

text: the

text: teaching

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: and

text: its

text: scholastic

text: organization

text: placed

text: the

text: Preachers

text: in

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: the

text: intellectual

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: order

text: is

text: famed

text: for

text: its

text: intellectual

text: tradition

text: having

text: produced

text: many

text: leading

text: theologians

text: and

text: philosophers

text: The

text: Dominican

text: Order

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Master

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: who

text: is

text: currently

text: Bruno

text: Cadoré

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: generally

text: carry

text: the

text: letters

text: O.P.

text: standing

text: for

text: Ordinis

text: Praedicatorum

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Preachers

text: after

text: their

text: names

question: During what time period did the Dominican Order do its best work?

answer: the Middle Ages

text: the Middle Ages

question: What was one reason why the Dominican Order was established?

answer: to combat heresy

text: to combat heresy

question: The head of the Dominican Order is known as what?

answer: Master of the Order

text: Master of the Order

question: Who is the current Master of the Order?

answer: Bruno Cadoré

text: Bruno Cadoré

question: What is the Order of Preachers known for?

answer: its intellectual tradition

text: its intellectual tradition


text: In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions. Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, the French assistance eventually included strikes by Mirage jets against rebel positions.

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: In

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: Bush

text: War

text: began

text: as

text: forces

text: opposed

text: to

text: Bozizé

text: took

text: up

text: arms

text: against

text: his

text: government

text: In

text: May

text: Bozizé

text: won

text: a

text: presidential

text: election

text: that

text: excluded

text: Patassé

text: and

text: in

text: fighting

text: continued

text: between

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: rebels

text: In

text: November

text: Bozizé

text: 's

text: government

text: requested

text: French

text: military

text: support

text: to

text: help

text: them

text: repel

text: rebels

text: who

text: had

text: taken

text: control

text: of

text: towns

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: northern

text: regions

text: Though

text: the

text: initially

text: public

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: agreement

text: pertained

text: to

text: logistics

text: and

text: intelligence

text: the

text: French

text: assistance

text: eventually

text: included

text: strikes

text: by

text: Mirage

text: jets

text: against

text: rebel

text: positions

question: What war started in 2004?

answer: Bush War

text: Bush War

question: In what way did Bozize made his rule legitimate?

answer: Bozizé won a presidential election

text: Bozizé won a presidential election

question: When did CAR ask for assistance from the French against rebels?

answer: November 2006

text: November 2006

question: How did the French assist against the rebels?

answer: strikes by Mirage jets

text: strikes by Mirage jets

question: What did the rebels take over?

answer: towns in the country's northern regions

text: towns in the country's northern regions


text: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: Persons

text: who

text: speak

text: German

text: as

text: their

text: first

text: language

text: look

text: German

text: and

text: whose

text: families

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: Germany

text: for

text: generations

text: are

text: considered

text: most

text: German

text: followed

text: by

text: categories

text: of

text: diminishing

text: Germanness

text: such

text: as

text: Aussiedler

text: people

text: of

text: German

text: ancestry

text: whose

text: families

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: but

text: who

text: have

text: returned

text: to

text: Germany

text: Restdeutsche

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: lands

text: that

text: have

text: historically

text: belonged

text: to

text: Germany

text: but

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: outside

text: of

text: Germany

text: Auswanderer

text: people

text: whose

text: families

text: have

text: emigrated

text: from

text: Germany

text: and

text: who

text: still

text: speak

text: German

text: German

text: speakers

text: in

text: German

text: speaking

text: nations

text: such

text: as

text: Austrians

text: and

text: finally

text: people

text: of

text: German

text: emigrant

text: background

text: who

text: no

text: longer

text: speak

text: German

question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?

answer: most German

text: most German

question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?

answer: Aussiedler

text: Aussiedler

question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?

answer: Restdeutsche

text: Restdeutsche

question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?

answer: Auswanderer

text: Auswanderer

question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?

answer: most German

text: most German

question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?

answer: Aussiedler

text: Aussiedler

question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?

answer: Restdeutsche

text: Restdeutsche

question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?

answer: Auswanderer

text: Auswanderer


text: Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: Like

text: most

text: of

text: southern

text: California

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: 's

text: current

text: area

text: was

text: originally

text: occupied

text: by

text: chaparral

text: a

text: plant

text: community

text: made

text: up

text: mostly

text: of

text: drought

text: resistant

text: shrubs

text: The

text: endangered

text: Torrey

text: pine

text: has

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: in

text: a

text: stretch

text: of

text: protected

text: chaparral

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: The

text: steep

text: and

text: varied

text: topography

text: and

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: create

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: habitats

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: including

text: tidal

text: marsh

text: and

text: canyons

text: The

text: chaparral

text: and

text: coastal

text: sage

text: scrub

text: habitats

text: in

text: low

text: elevations

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: are

text: prone

text: to

text: wildfire

text: and

text: the

text: rates

text: of

text: fire

text: have

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: due

text: primarily

text: to

text: fires

text: starting

text: near

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: urban

text: and

text: wild

text: areas

question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?

answer: Torrey pine

text: Torrey pine

question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for?

answer: chaparral

text: chaparral

question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego?

answer: low elevations

text: low elevations

question: How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?

answer: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

text: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

question: What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?

answer: prone to wildfire

text: prone to wildfire


text: Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei, who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009. The official tally of students killed in the earthquake was not released until May 7, 2009, almost a year after the earthquake. According to the state-run Xinhua news agency, the earthquake killed 5,335 students and left another 546 children disabled. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Chinese government declared that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations conducted by family planning authorities.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Details

text: of

text: school

text: casualties

text: had

text: been

text: under

text: non

text: governmental

text: investigation

text: since

text: December

text: by

text: volunteers

text: including

text: artist

text: and

text: architect

text: Ai

text: Weiwei

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: constantly

text: posting

text: updates

text: on

text: his

text: blog

text: since

text: March

text: The

text: official

text: tally

text: of

text: students

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: earthquake

text: was

text: not

text: released

text: until

text: May

text: almost

text: a

text: year

text: after

text: the

text: earthquake

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: run

text: Xinhua

text: news

text: agency

text: the

text: earthquake

text: killed

text: students

text: and

text: left

text: another

text: children

text: disabled

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: earthquake

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: declared

text: that

text: parents

text: who

text: had

text: lost

text: their

text: only

text: children

text: would

text: get

text: free

text: treatment

text: from

text: fertility

text: clinics

text: to

text: reverse

text: vasectomies

text: and

text: tubal

text: ligations

text: conducted

text: by

text: family

text: planning

text: authorities

question: When did an investigation occur under school casualties?

answer: December 2008

text: December 2008

question: When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released?

answer: May 7, 2009

text: May 7, 2009

question: How many students were killed in Xinhua?

answer: 5,335

question: How many students were disabled in Xinhua?

answer: 546

question: What date were the official numbers of students killed in the earthquake released?

answer: May 7, 2009

text: May 7, 2009

question: Who kept a blog about the school deaths?

answer: Ai Weiwei

text: Ai Weiwei

question: What is the total of school children killed?

answer: 5,335

question: How many children are disabled?

answer: 546

question: Where did the Chinese government decide that parents who had lost children could go for free treatment?

answer: fertility clinics

text: fertility clinics


text: The synagogue in Eshtemoa (As-Samu) was built around the 4th century. The mosaic floor is decorated with only floral and geometric patterns. The synagogue in Khirbet Susiya (excavated in 1971–72, founded in the end of the 4th century) has three mosaic panels, the eastern one depicting a Torah shrine, two menorahs, a lulav and an etrog with columns, deer and rams. The central panel is geometric while the western one is seriously damaged but it has been suggested that it depicted Daniel in the lion’s den. The Roman synagogue in Ein Gedi was remodeled in the Byzantine era and a more elaborate mosaic floor was laid down above the older white panels. The usual geometric design was enriched with birds in the center. It includes the names of the signs of the zodiac and important figures from the Jewish past but not their images suggesting that it served a rather conservative community.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: synagogue

text: in

text: Eshtemoa

text: As

text: Samu

text: was

text: built

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: is

text: decorated

text: with

text: only

text: floral

text: and

text: geometric

text: patterns

text: The

text: synagogue

text: in

text: Khirbet

text: Susiya

text: excavated

text: in

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: has

text: three

text: mosaic

text: panels

text: the

text: eastern

text: one

text: depicting

text: a

text: Torah

text: shrine

text: two

text: menorahs

text: a

text: lulav

text: and

text: an

text: etrog

text: with

text: columns

text: deer

text: and

text: rams

text: The

text: central

text: panel

text: is

text: geometric

text: while

text: the

text: western

text: one

text: is

text: seriously

text: damaged

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: suggested

text: that

text: it

text: depicted

text: Daniel

text: in

text: the

text: lion

text: ’s

text: den

text: The

text: Roman

text: synagogue

text: in

text: Ein

text: Gedi

text: was

text: remodeled

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: and

text: a

text: more

text: elaborate

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: was

text: laid

text: down

text: above

text: the

text: older

text: white

text: panels

text: The

text: usual

text: geometric

text: design

text: was

text: enriched

text: with

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: signs

text: of

text: the

text: zodiac

text: and

text: important

text: figures

text: from

text: the

text: Jewish

text: past

text: but

text: not

text: their

text: images

text: suggesting

text: that

text: it

text: served

text: a

text: rather

text: conservative

text: community

question: When was the synagogue in Eshtemoa constructed?

answer: around the 4th century

text: around the 4th century

question: What patterns are present on the mosaic at the synagogue in Eshtemoa?

answer: only floral and geometric

text: only floral and geometric

question: When was the synagogue in Khirbet Susiya re-discovered?

answer: in 1971–72

text: in 1971–72

question: How many panels are in the synagogue in Khirbet Susiya?

answer: three

text: three

question: What do the images at synagogue in Khirbet Susiya suggest about the communities views?

answer: rather conservative

text: rather conservative


text: Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: R&B

text: may

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: both

text: soft

text: AC

text: stations

text: and

text: urban

text: AC

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: neo

text: soul

text: R&B

text: that

text: places

text: emphasis

text: on

text: songcraft

text: and

text: sophistication

text: As

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: drum

text: machines

text: synthesizers

text: and

text: sequencers

text: dominates

text: R&B

text: rooted

text: music

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: R&B

text: tends

text: to

text: take

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: cues

text: from

text: the

text: more

text: refined

text: strains

text: of

text: soul

text: such

text: as

text: smooth

text: soul

text: Philly

text: soul

text: and

text: quiet

text: storm

text: Classic

text: songwriting

text: touches

text: and

text: organic

text: leaning

text: instrumentation

text: often

text: featuring

text: string

text: arrangements

text: and

text: horn

text: charts

text: were

text: constants

question: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?

answer: urban AC

text: urban AC

question: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?

answer: songcraft and sophistication

text: songcraft and sophistication

question: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?

answer: Philly soul

text: Philly soul

question: During what decade was smooth soul popular?

answer: 1970s

question: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?

answer: sequencers

text: sequencers


text: In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904. Systematic investigations of the effect of structural changes on potency and duration of action led to the discovery of phenobarbital at Bayer in 1911 and the discovery of its potent anti-epileptic activity in 1912. Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications. The 1950s and 1960s saw increased awareness of the addictive properties and abuse potential of barbiturates and amphetamines and led to increasing restrictions on their use and growing government oversight of prescribers. Today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: In

text: Hermann

text: Emil

text: Fischer

text: and

text: Joseph

text: von

text: Mering

text: disclosed

text: their

text: discovery

text: that

text: diethylbarbituric

text: acid

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: reaction

text: of

text: diethylmalonic

text: acid

text: phosphorus

text: oxychloride

text: and

text: urea

text: induces

text: sleep

text: in

text: dogs

text: The

text: discovery

text: was

text: patented

text: and

text: licensed

text: to

text: Bayer

text: pharmaceuticals

text: which

text: marketed

text: the

text: compound

text: under

text: the

text: trade

text: name

text: Veronal

text: as

text: a

text: sleep

text: aid

text: beginning

text: in

text: Systematic

text: investigations

text: of

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: structural

text: changes

text: on

text: potency

text: and

text: duration

text: of

text: action

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: phenobarbital

text: at

text: Bayer

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: its

text: potent

text: anti

text: epileptic

text: activity

text: in

text: Phenobarbital

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: drugs

text: for

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: epilepsy

text: through

text: the

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: remains

text: on

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organizations

text: list

text: of

text: essential

text: medications

text: The

text: and

text: saw

text: increased

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: addictive

text: properties

text: and

text: abuse

text: potential

text: of

text: barbiturates

text: and

text: amphetamines

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: increasing

text: restrictions

text: on

text: their

text: use

text: and

text: growing

text: government

text: oversight

text: of

text: prescribers

text: Today

text: amphetamine

text: is

text: largely

text: restricted

text: to

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: attention

text: deficit

text: disorder

text: and

text: phenobarbital

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: epilepsy

question: What is phenobarbital used for?

answer: epilepsy

text: epilepsy

question: Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs?

answer: Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering

text: Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering

question: What sleep aid was marketed in 1904?

answer: Veronal

text: Veronal

question: What is amphetamine used for today?

answer: attention deficit disorder

text: attention deficit disorder

question: Why was barbiturates and amphetamines restricted?

answer: addictive properties and abuse potential

text: addictive properties and abuse potential

question: What compound was discovered to induce sleep?

answer: diethylbarbituric acid

text: diethylbarbituric acid

question: What was the first trade name of diethylbarbituric acid?

answer: Veronal

text: Veronal

question: What is phenobarbital mainly used to treat today?

answer: epilepsy

text: epilepsy

question: In what year was phenobarbital discovered?

answer: 1911

question: What was Veronal used for when Bayer put it on the market?

answer: sleep aid

text: sleep aid


text: There are many art galleries in Utrecht. There are also several foundations to support art and artists. Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts. The Centraal Museum has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator Dick Bruna, who is best known for creating Miffy ("Nijntje", in Dutch). Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004. Utrecht also houses one of the landmarks of modern architecture, the 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: art

text: galleries

text: in

text: Utrecht

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: several

text: foundations

text: to

text: support

text: art

text: and

text: artists

text: Training

text: of

text: artists

text: is

text: done

text: at

text: the

text: Utrecht

text: School

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: The

text: Centraal

text: Museum

text: has

text: many

text: exhibitions

text: on

text: the

text: arts

text: including

text: a

text: permanent

text: exhibition

text: on

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: resident

text: illustrator

text: Dick

text: Bruna

text: who

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: creating

text: Miffy

text: Nijntje

text: in

text: Dutch

text: Although

text: street

text: art

text: is

text: illegal

text: in

text: Utrecht

text: the

text: Utrechtse

text: Kabouter

text: a

text: picture

text: of

text: a

text: gnome

text: with

text: a

text: red

text: hat

text: became

text: a

text: common

text: sight

text: in

text: Utrecht

text: also

text: houses

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: landmarks

text: of

text: modern

text: architecture

text: the

text: Rietveld

text: Schröder

text: House

text: which

text: is

text: listed

text: on

text: UNESCO

text: 's

text: world

text: heritage

text: sites

question: Where are young artist trained

answer: Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts

text: Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts

question: Is street art legal

answer: Although street art is illegal in Utrecht

text: Although street art is illegal in Utrecht

question: What is considered landmark Architecture

answer: 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites

text: 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites


text: Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Cubs

text: had

text: won

text: games

text: this

text: fallout

text: was

text: decidedly

text: unlovable

text: as

text: the

text: Cubs

text: traded

text: superstar

text: Sammy

text: Sosa

text: after

text: he

text: had

text: left

text: the

text: season

text: 's

text: final

text: game

text: early

text: and

text: then

text: lied

text: about

text: it

text: publicly

text: Already

text: a

text: controversial

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: clubhouse

text: after

text: his

text: corked

text: bat

text: incident

text: Sammy

text: 's

text: actions

text: alienated

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: once

text: strong

text: fan

text: base

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: few

text: teammates

text: still

text: on

text: good

text: terms

text: with

text: him

text: many

text: teammates

text: grew

text: tired

text: of

text: Sosa

text: playing

text: loud

text: salsa

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: locker

text: room

text: and

text: possibly

text: tarnished

text: his

text: place

text: in

text: Cubs

text: lore

text: for

text: years

text: to

text: come

text: The

text: disappointing

text: season

text: also

text: saw

text: fans

text: start

text: to

text: become

text: frustrated

text: with

text: the

text: constant

text: injuries

text: to

text: ace

text: pitchers

text: Mark

text: Prior

text: and

text: Kerry

text: Wood

text: Additionally

text: the

text: season

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: popular

text: commentator

text: Steve

text: Stone

text: who

text: had

text: become

text: increasingly

text: critical

text: of

text: management

text: during

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: was

text: verbally

text: attacked

text: by

text: reliever

text: Kent

text: Mercker

text: Things

text: were

text: no

text: better

text: in

text: despite

text: a

text: career

text: year

text: from

text: first

text: baseman

text: Derrek

text: Lee

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: closer

text: Ryan

text: Dempster

text: The

text: club

text: struggled

text: and

text: suffered

text: more

text: key

text: injuries

text: only

text: managing

text: to

text: win

text: games

text: after

text: being

text: picked

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: serious

text: contender

text: for

text: the

text: N.L.

text: pennant

text: In

text: bottom

text: fell

text: out

text: as

text: the

text: Cubs

text: finished

text: last

text: in

text: the

text: NL

text: Central

question: Who did the Cubs trade after leaving the final game early and lieing about it?

answer: Sammy Sosa

text: Sammy Sosa

question: Who was a controversial figure due to a corked-bat incident?

answer: Sammy Sosa

text: Sammy Sosa

question: What popular commentator left during the '04 season?

answer: Steve Stone

text: Steve Stone

question: Who verbally attacked Steve Stone?

answer: Kent Mercker

text: Kent Mercker


text: New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States. Citibank sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project in the summer of 2013. Research conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that a majority of New Yorkers support the initiative. New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city hit an all-time high in 2013.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: public

text: transit

text: use

text: over

text: daily

text: cyclists

text: as

text: of

text: and

text: many

text: pedestrian

text: commuters

text: make

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: energy

text: efficient

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Walk

text: and

text: bicycle

text: modes

text: of

text: travel

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: modes

text: for

text: trips

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: nationally

text: the

text: rate

text: for

text: metro

text: regions

text: is

text: about

text: In

text: both

text: its

text: and

text: rankings

text: Walk

text: Score

text: named

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: walkable

text: large

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Citibank

text: sponsored

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: public

text: bicycles

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: bike

text: share

text: project

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: Research

text: conducted

text: by

text: Quinnipiac

text: University

text: showed

text: that

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: New

text: Yorkers

text: support

text: the

text: initiative

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: numerical

text: in

text: season

text: cycling

text: indicator

text: of

text: bicycling

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: hit

text: an

text: all

text: time

text: high

text: in

question: How many daily bicycle riders are there in NYC?

answer: 200,000

question: Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike?

answer: 200,000

question: About what percentage of New York City travel is done by bike or on foot?

answer: 21%

question: What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program?

answer: Citibank

text: Citibank

question: Research by what institution of higher learning showed that most New Yorkers support bicycle sharing?

answer: Quinnipiac University

text: Quinnipiac University

question: Who ranked New York as the most walkable large US city in 2015?

answer: Walk Score

text: Walk Score


text: Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parliament. The Commons, led by their speaker, would listen from the Bar of the Lords, just outside the chamber. The Clerk of the Parliaments presented the bills awaiting assent to the monarch, save that supply bills were traditionally brought up by the speaker. The Clerk of the Crown, standing on the sovereign's right, then read aloud the titles of the bills (in earlier times, the entire text of the bills). The Clerk of the Parliaments, standing on the sovereign's left, responded by stating the appropriate Norman French formula.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Before

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Henry

text: VIII

text: the

text: sovereign

text: always

text: granted

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: assent

text: in

text: person

text: The

text: sovereign

text: wearing

text: the

text: Imperial

text: State

text: Crown

text: would

text: be

text: seated

text: on

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: the

text: Lords

text: chamber

text: surrounded

text: by

text: heralds

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: court

text: a

text: scene

text: that

text: nowadays

text: is

text: repeated

text: only

text: at

text: the

text: annual

text: State

text: Opening

text: of

text: Parliament

text: The

text: Commons

text: led

text: by

text: their

text: speaker

text: would

text: listen

text: from

text: the

text: Bar

text: of

text: the

text: Lords

text: just

text: outside

text: the

text: chamber

text: The

text: Clerk

text: of

text: the

text: Parliaments

text: presented

text: the

text: bills

text: awaiting

text: assent

text: to

text: the

text: monarch

text: save

text: that

text: supply

text: bills

text: were

text: traditionally

text: brought

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: speaker

text: The

text: Clerk

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: standing

text: on

text: the

text: sovereign

text: 's

text: right

text: then

text: read

text: aloud

text: the

text: titles

text: of

text: the

text: bills

text: in

text: earlier

text: times

text: the

text: entire

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: bills

text: The

text: Clerk

text: of

text: the

text: Parliaments

text: standing

text: on

text: the

text: sovereign

text: 's

text: left

text: responded

text: by

text: stating

text: the

text: appropriate

text: Norman

text: French

text: formula

question: When assention was formally granted in person, who read the titles of the bills?

answer: The Clerk of the Crown

text: The Clerk of the Crown

question: What job did the Clerk of the Parliaments have during assention notifications?

answer: stating the appropriate Norman French formula

text: stating the appropriate Norman French formula

question: Before whose reign was assent always granted in person?

answer: Henry VIII

text: Henry VIII

question: Nowadays, when is the only time a formal assention ceremony occurs?

answer: the annual State Opening of Parliament

text: the annual State Opening of Parliament

question: On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand?

answer: right

text: right


text: With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: With

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: populace

text: in

text: the

text: rural

text: areas

text: the

text: major

text: languages

text: of

text: communication

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: remain

text: indigenous

text: languages

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: these

text: notably

text: Yoruba

text: and

text: Igbo

text: have

text: derived

text: standardised

text: languages

text: from

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: dialects

text: and

text: are

text: widely

text: spoken

text: by

text: those

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Nigerian

text: Pidgin

text: English

text: often

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Pidgin

text: or

text: Broken

text: Broken

text: English

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: popular

text: lingua

text: franca

text: though

text: with

text: varying

text: regional

text: influences

text: on

text: dialect

text: and

text: slang

text: The

text: pidgin

text: English

text: or

text: Nigerian

text: English

text: is

text: widely

text: spoken

text: within

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: Regions

text: predominately

text: in

text: Warri

text: Sapele

text: Port

text: Harcourt

text: Agenebode

text: Ewu

text: and

text: Benin

text: City

question: What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?

answer: 'Pidgin' or 'Broken'

text: 'Pidgin' or 'Broken'

question: What regions is Nigerian English commonly spoken in?

answer: Niger Delta Regions

text: Niger Delta Regions

question: What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?

answer: rural

text: rural

question: What type of languages are the most popular in Nigeria?

answer: indigenous

text: indigenous


text: 1855:Kars: In the year up to May 1855 Turkish forces in the east were reduced from 120,000 to 75,000, mostly by disease. The local Armenian population kept Muravyev well-informed about the Turks at Kars and he judged they had about five months of supplies. He therefore decided to control the surrounding area with cavalry and starve them out. He started in May and by June was south and west of the town. A relieving force fell back and there was a possibility of taking Erzerum, but Muravyev chose not to. In late September he learned of the fall of Sevastopol and a Turkish landing at Batum. This led him to reverse policy and try a direct attack. It failed, the Russians losing 8000 men and the Turks 1500 (29 September). The blockade continued and Kars surrendered on 8 November.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: up

text: to

text: May

text: Turkish

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: were

text: reduced

text: from

text: to

text: mostly

text: by

text: disease

text: The

text: local

text: Armenian

text: population

text: kept

text: Muravyev

text: well

text: informed

text: about

text: the

text: Turks

text: at

text: Kars

text: and

text: he

text: judged

text: they

text: had

text: about

text: five

text: months

text: of

text: supplies

text: He

text: therefore

text: decided

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: surrounding

text: area

text: with

text: cavalry

text: and

text: starve

text: them

text: out

text: He

text: started

text: in

text: May

text: and

text: by

text: June

text: was

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: A

text: relieving

text: force

text: fell

text: back

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: possibility

text: of

text: taking

text: Erzerum

text: but

text: Muravyev

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: In

text: late

text: September

text: he

text: learned

text: of

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Sevastopol

text: and

text: a

text: Turkish

text: landing

text: at

text: Batum

text: This

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: reverse

text: policy

text: and

text: try

text: a

text: direct

text: attack

text: It

text: failed

text: the

text: Russians

text: losing

text: men

text: and

text: the

text: Turks

text: September

text: The

text: blockade

text: continued

text: and

text: Kars

text: surrendered

text: on

text: November

question: What caused the number of Turkish soldiers to decrease?

answer: disease

text: disease

question: How man troops were the Turks forces in the east reduced to?

answer: 75,000

question: Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?

answer: The local Armenian population

text: The local Armenian population

question: What did Muravyev attend to do to the Turks in order to defeat them?

answer: starve them out

text: starve them out

question: What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over?

answer: Erzerum

text: Erzerum


text: New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: New

text: features

text: and

text: functionality

text: in

text: Windows

text: include

text: a

text: faster

text: startup

text: through

text: UEFI

text: integration

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: Hybrid

text: Boot

text: mode

text: which

text: hibernates

text: the

text: Windows

text: kernel

text: on

text: shutdown

text: to

text: speed

text: up

text: the

text: subsequent

text: boot

text: a

text: new

text: lock

text: screen

text: with

text: a

text: clock

text: and

text: notifications

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: for

text: enterprise

text: users

text: to

text: create

text: live

text: USB

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: known

text: as

text: Windows

text: To

text: Go

text: Windows

text: also

text: adds

text: native

text: support

text: for

text: USB

text: devices

text: which

text: allow

text: for

text: faster

text: data

text: transfers

text: and

text: improved

text: power

text: management

text: with

text: compatible

text: devices

text: and

text: hard

text: disk

text: KB

text: Advanced

text: Format

text: support

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: support

text: for

text: near

text: field

text: communication

text: to

text: facilitate

text: sharing

text: and

text: communication

text: between

text: devices

question: What happens during Hybrid Boot mode?

answer: hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot

text: hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot

question: What are the benefits of USB 3.0?

answer: faster data transfers and improved power management

text: faster data transfers and improved power management

question: What is the point of near field communications?

answer: to facilitate sharing and communication between devices

text: to facilitate sharing and communication between devices

question: What is Windows to Go?

answer: live USB versions of Windows

text: live USB versions of Windows

question: What features were added to the lock screen?

answer: clock and notifications

text: clock and notifications


text: Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Hunting

text: and

text: gathering

text: was

text: humanity

text: 's

text: first

text: and

text: most

text: successful

text: adaptation

text: occupying

text: at

text: least

text: percent

text: of

text: human

text: history

text: Following

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: agriculture

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: have

text: been

text: displaced

text: or

text: conquered

text: by

text: farming

text: or

text: pastoralist

text: groups

text: in

text: most

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?

answer: Hunting and gathering

text: Hunting and gathering

question: What was the first way humans used to find food?

answer: Hunting and gathering

text: Hunting and gathering

question: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?

answer: invention of agriculture

text: invention of agriculture

question: What are the basic types of agricultural groups?

answer: farming or pastoralist groups

text: farming or pastoralist groups


text: Despite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly occupied his capital, Berlin, in October, but could not hold it for long. The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Despite

text: this

text: the

text: Austrians

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: General

text: Laudon

text: captured

text: Glatz

text: now

text: Kłodzko

text: Poland

text: in

text: Silesia

text: In

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Liegnitz

text: Frederick

text: scored

text: a

text: strong

text: victory

text: despite

text: being

text: outnumbered

text: three

text: to

text: one

text: The

text: Russians

text: under

text: General

text: Saltykov

text: and

text: Austrians

text: under

text: General

text: Lacy

text: briefly

text: occupied

text: his

text: capital

text: Berlin

text: in

text: October

text: but

text: could

text: not

text: hold

text: it

text: for

text: long

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: saw

text: Frederick

text: once

text: more

text: victorious

text: defeating

text: the

text: able

text: Daun

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Torgau

text: but

text: he

text: suffered

text: very

text: heavy

text: casualties

text: and

text: the

text: Austrians

text: retreated

text: in

text: good

text: order

question: Identify a success of the Austrians?

answer: the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz

text: the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz

question: Where is Glatz

answer: Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia

text: Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia

question: What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz?

answer: outnumbered three to one

text: outnumbered three to one

question: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?

answer: he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.

text: he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.

question: Who led the Russian occupation of Berlin?

answer: General Saltykov

text: General Saltykov


text: For instance, a phased array consists of two or more simple antennas which are connected together through an electrical network. This often involves a number of parallel dipole antennas with a certain spacing. Depending on the relative phase introduced by the network, the same combination of dipole antennas can operate as a "broadside array" (directional normal to a line connecting the elements) or as an "end-fire array" (directional along the line connecting the elements). Antenna arrays may employ any basic (omnidirectional or weakly directional) antenna type, such as dipole, loop or slot antennas. These elements are often identical.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: For

text: instance

text: a

text: phased

text: array

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: simple

text: antennas

text: which

text: are

text: connected

text: together

text: through

text: an

text: electrical

text: network

text: This

text: often

text: involves

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: parallel

text: dipole

text: antennas

text: with

text: a

text: certain

text: spacing

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: relative

text: phase

text: introduced

text: by

text: the

text: network

text: the

text: same

text: combination

text: of

text: dipole

text: antennas

text: can

text: operate

text: as

text: a

text: broadside

text: array

text: directional

text: normal

text: to

text: a

text: line

text: connecting

text: the

text: elements

text: or

text: as

text: an

text: end

text: fire

text: array

text: directional

text: along

text: the

text: line

text: connecting

text: the

text: elements

text: Antenna

text: arrays

text: may

text: employ

text: any

text: basic

text: omnidirectional

text: or

text: weakly

text: directional

text: antenna

text: type

text: such

text: as

text: dipole

text: loop

text: or

text: slot

text: antennas

text: These

text: elements

text: are

text: often

text: identical

question: How many antenna would make up a phased array?

answer: two or more

text: two or more

question: What determines if the antenna creates a broadside array or an end fire array?

answer: relative phase

text: relative phase

question: What are the two standard antenna types?

answer: omnidirectional or weakly directional

text: omnidirectional or weakly directional

question: How are antennas oriented when arranged with specific spacing?

answer: parallel

text: parallel


text: The Quran most likely existed in scattered written form during Muhammad's lifetime. Several sources indicate that during Muhammad's lifetime a large number of his companions had memorized the revelations. Early commentaries and Islamic historical sources support the above-mentioned understanding of the Quran's early development. The Quran in its present form is generally considered by academic scholars to record the words spoken by Muhammad because the search for variants has not yielded any differences of great significance.[page needed] University of Chicago professor Fred Donner states that "...there was a very early attempt to establish a uniform consonantal text of the Qurʾān from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission. [...] After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their numerous variants—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established." Although most variant readings of the text of the Quran have ceased to be transmitted, some still are. There has been no critical text produced on which a scholarly reconstruction of the Quranic text could be based. Historically, controversy over the Quran's content has rarely become an issue, although debates continue on the subject.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: Quran

text: most

text: likely

text: existed

text: in

text: scattered

text: written

text: form

text: during

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: Several

text: sources

text: indicate

text: that

text: during

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: his

text: companions

text: had

text: memorized

text: the

text: revelations

text: Early

text: commentaries

text: and

text: Islamic

text: historical

text: sources

text: support

text: the

text: above

text: mentioned

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: 's

text: early

text: development

text: The

text: Quran

text: in

text: its

text: present

text: form

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: by

text: academic

text: scholars

text: to

text: record

text: the

text: words

text: spoken

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: because

text: the

text: search

text: for

text: variants

text: has

text: not

text: yielded

text: any

text: differences

text: of

text: great

text: significance.[page

text: needed

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: professor

text: Fred

text: Donner

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: very

text: early

text: attempt

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: uniform

text: consonantal

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: Qurʾān

text: from

text: what

text: was

text: probably

text: a

text: wider

text: and

text: more

text: varied

text: group

text: of

text: related

text: texts

text: in

text: early

text: transmission

text: After

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: this

text: standardized

text: canonical

text: text

text: earlier

text: authoritative

text: texts

text: were

text: suppressed

text: and

text: all

text: extant

text: manuscripts

text: despite

text: their

text: numerous

text: variants

text: seem

text: to

text: date

text: to

text: a

text: time

text: after

text: this

text: standard

text: consonantal

text: text

text: was

text: established

text: Although

text: most

text: variant

text: readings

text: of

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: have

text: ceased

text: to

text: be

text: transmitted

text: some

text: still

text: are

text: There

text: has

text: been

text: no

text: critical

text: text

text: produced

text: on

text: which

text: a

text: scholarly

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: Quranic

text: text

text: could

text: be

text: based

text: Historically

text: controversy

text: over

text: the

text: Quran

text: 's

text: content

text: has

text: rarely

text: become

text: an

text: issue

text: although

text: debates

text: continue

text: on

text: the

text: subject

question: Who had begun memorizing Muhammad's revelations in his lifetime?

answer: his companions

text: his companions

question: What was done to the Quranic text early in its history leaving few markedly different variants?

answer: standardized

text: standardized

question: Which which university is Fred Donner affiliated?

answer: University of Chicago

text: University of Chicago

question: The Quran is widely accepted by historians to contain a relatively accurate record of whose words?

answer: Muhammad

text: Muhammad


text: While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: While

text: equal

text: temperament

text: became

text: gradually

text: accepted

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: musical

text: temperament

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: historical

text: temperaments

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: music

text: from

text: earlier

text: periods

text: For

text: instance

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Renaissance

text: is

text: often

text: performed

text: in

text: meantone

text: temperament

question: What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?

answer: equal temperament

text: equal temperament

question: When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?

answer: the 18th century

text: the 18th century

question: What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in?

answer: meantone temperament

text: meantone temperament


text: Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had been formulated first by Pius XI and Pius XII but decreed by Vatican II. The pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes stated that the Catholic Church is not bound to any form of government and willing to cooperate with all forms. The Church maintained its right to select bishops on its own without any interference by the State.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Like

text: his

text: predecessor

text: Pius

text: XII

text: Paul

text: VI

text: put

text: much

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: dialogue

text: with

text: all

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: through

text: establishing

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: foreign

text: embassies

text: accredited

text: to

text: the

text: Vatican

text: doubled

text: during

text: his

text: pontificate

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: reflection

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: understanding

text: between

text: Church

text: and

text: State

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: formulated

text: first

text: by

text: Pius

text: XI

text: and

text: Pius

text: XII

text: but

text: decreed

text: by

text: Vatican

text: II

text: The

text: pastoral

text: constitution

text: Gaudium

text: et

text: spes

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: not

text: bound

text: to

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: willing

text: to

text: cooperate

text: with

text: all

text: forms

text: The

text: Church

text: maintained

text: its

text: right

text: to

text: select

text: bishops

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: without

text: any

text: interference

text: by

text: the

text: State

question: What number doubled during Paul Vi's papacy?

answer: foreign embassies

text: foreign embassies

question: Who did Paul Vi want to maintain a continuing dialogue with?

answer: nations

text: nations

question: What document states that the Catholic church is not subject to any particlar government?

answer: Gaudium et spes

text: Gaudium et spes

question: Who did the church retain the right to elect without interference from the state in its constitutional document?

answer: bishops

text: bishops

question: What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?

answer: Vatican II

text: Vatican II


text: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Countries

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: quartile

text: of

text: HDI

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: group

text: with

text: a

text: missing

text: IHDI

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Chile

text: Japan

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Singapore

text: Taiwan

text: Liechtenstein

text: Brunei

text: Andorra

text: Qatar

text: Barbados

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: Seychelles

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

answer: Barbados

text: Barbados

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

answer: Barbados

text: Barbados


text: Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim described von Neumann as the "fastest mind I ever met", and Jacob Bronowski wrote "He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius." George Pólya, whose lectures at ETH Zürich von Neumann attended as a student, said "Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of. If in the course of a lecture I stated an unsolved problem, the chances were he'd come to me at the end of the lecture with the complete solution scribbled on a slip of paper." Halmos recounts a story told by Nicholas Metropolis, concerning the speed of von Neumann's calculations, when somebody asked von Neumann to solve the famous fly puzzle:

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Lothar

text: Wolfgang

text: Nordheim

text: described

text: von

text: Neumann

text: as

text: the

text: fastest

text: mind

text: I

text: ever

text: met

text: and

text: Jacob

text: Bronowski

text: wrote

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: cleverest

text: man

text: I

text: ever

text: knew

text: without

text: exception

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: genius

text: George

text: Pólya

text: whose

text: lectures

text: at

text: ETH

text: Zürich

text: von

text: Neumann

text: attended

text: as

text: a

text: student

text: said

text: Johnny

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: student

text: I

text: was

text: ever

text: afraid

text: of

text: If

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: a

text: lecture

text: I

text: stated

text: an

text: unsolved

text: problem

text: the

text: chances

text: were

text: he

text: 'd

text: come

text: to

text: me

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: lecture

text: with

text: the

text: complete

text: solution

text: scribbled

text: on

text: a

text: slip

text: of

text: paper

text: Halmos

text: recounts

text: a

text: story

text: told

text: by

text: Nicholas

text: Metropolis

text: concerning

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: calculations

text: when

text: somebody

text: asked

text: von

text: Neumann

text: to

text: solve

text: the

text: famous

text: fly

text: puzzle

question: How did Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim describe von Neumann?

answer: "fastest mind I ever met",

text: "fastest mind I ever met",

question: What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann?

answer: He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius.

text: He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius.

question: What did Lecturer Polya think about von Nuemann?

answer: Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of.

text: Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of.


text: Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard College, and the New England Conservatory (the oldest independent conservatory in the United States). Other conservatories include the Boston Conservatory and Berklee College of Music, which has made Boston an important city for jazz music.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Metropolitan

text: Boston

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: conservatories

text: and

text: art

text: schools

text: including

text: Lesley

text: University

text: College

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: Design

text: Massachusetts

text: College

text: of

text: Art

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: New

text: England

text: Institute

text: of

text: Art

text: New

text: England

text: School

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: Design

text: Suffolk

text: University

text: Longy

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: of

text: Bard

text: College

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: Conservatory

text: the

text: oldest

text: independent

text: conservatory

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Other

text: conservatories

text: include

text: the

text: Boston

text: Conservatory

text: and

text: Berklee

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: which

text: has

text: made

text: Boston

text: an

text: important

text: city

text: for

text: jazz

text: music

question: Wher e is Lesley University College of Art and Desighn located?

answer: Metropolitan Boston

text: Metropolitan Boston

question: What is another name for New Englans school of Art and Design

answer: Suffolk University

text: Suffolk University

question: What is the oldest independant conservatory in the US?

answer: the New England Conservatory

text: the New England Conservatory

question: What college plays an important role in making Boston known for Jazz?

answer: Berklee College of Music

text: Berklee College of Music


text: PlayStation Plus (commonly abbreviated PS+ and occasionally referred to as PSN Plus) is a premium PlayStation Network subscription service that was officially unveiled at E3 2010 by Jack Tretton, President and CEO of SCEA. Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a possible paid service for PSN but with the current PSN service still available. Launched alongside PS3 firmware 3.40 and PSP firmware 6.30 on June 29, 2010, the paid-for subscription service provides users with enhanced services on the PlayStation Network, on top of the current PSN service which is still available with all of its features. These enhancements include the ability to have demos, game and system software updates download automatically to PlayStation 3. Subscribers also get early or exclusive access to some betas, game demos, premium downloadable content and other PlayStation Store items. North American users also get a free subscription to Qore. Users may choose to purchase either a one-year or a three-month subscription to PlayStation Plus.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: PlayStation

text: Plus

text: commonly

text: abbreviated

text: PS+

text: and

text: occasionally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: PSN

text: Plus

text: is

text: a

text: premium

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: subscription

text: service

text: that

text: was

text: officially

text: unveiled

text: at

text: by

text: Jack

text: Tretton

text: President

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: SCEA

text: Rumors

text: of

text: such

text: service

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: speculation

text: since

text: Kaz

text: Hirai

text: 's

text: announcement

text: at

text: TGS

text: of

text: a

text: possible

text: paid

text: service

text: for

text: PSN

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: current

text: PSN

text: service

text: still

text: available

text: Launched

text: alongside

text: firmware

text: and

text: PSP

text: firmware

text: on

text: June

text: the

text: paid

text: for

text: subscription

text: service

text: provides

text: users

text: with

text: enhanced

text: services

text: on

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: PSN

text: service

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: available

text: with

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: features

text: These

text: enhancements

text: include

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: have

text: demos

text: game

text: and

text: system

text: software

text: updates

text: download

text: automatically

text: to

text: PlayStation

text: Subscribers

text: also

text: get

text: early

text: or

text: exclusive

text: access

text: to

text: some

text: betas

text: game

text: demos

text: premium

text: downloadable

text: content

text: and

text: other

text: PlayStation

text: Store

text: items

text: North

text: American

text: users

text: also

text: get

text: a

text: free

text: subscription

text: to

text: Qore

text: Users

text: may

text: choose

text: to

text: purchase

text: either

text: a

text: one

text: year

text: or

text: a

text: three

text: month

text: subscription

text: to

text: PlayStation

text: Plus

question: What's the name of Sony's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service?

answer: PlayStation Plus

text: PlayStation Plus

question: How is PlayStation Plus often abbreviated?

answer: PS+

text: PS+

question: Who was the President and CEO of SCEA in the year 2010?

answer: Jack Tretton

text: Jack Tretton

question: On what date did the PlayStation Plus service officially launch?

answer: June 29, 2010

text: June 29, 2010

question: Duration options for subscription to PS+ are either three months or what period of time?

answer: one-year

text: one-year


text: Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Morality

text: plays

text: emerged

text: as

text: a

text: distinct

text: dramatic

text: form

text: around

text: and

text: flourished

text: until

text: The

text: most

text: interesting

text: morality

text: play

text: is

text: The

text: Castle

text: of

text: Perseverance

text: which

text: depicts

text: mankind

text: 's

text: progress

text: from

text: birth

text: to

text: death

text: However

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: morality

text: play

text: and

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: medieval

text: drama

text: is

text: Everyman

text: Everyman

text: receives

text: Death

text: 's

text: summons

text: struggles

text: to

text: escape

text: and

text: finally

text: resigns

text: himself

text: to

text: necessity

text: Along

text: the

text: way

text: he

text: is

text: deserted

text: by

text: Kindred

text: Goods

text: and

text: Fellowship

text: only

text: Good

text: Deeds

text: goes

text: with

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: grave

question: What is the most famous morality play from the medieval period?

answer: Everyman

text: Everyman

question: Which dramatic form was created around 1400?

answer: Morality plays

text: Morality plays

question: What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play?

answer: Good Deeds

text: Good Deeds

question: Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to death?

answer: The Castle of Perseverance

text: The Castle of Perseverance

question: In the morality play, who summoned Everyman?

answer: Death

text: Death


text: 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: starts

text: at

text: Avenue

text: C

text: and

text: and

text: Streets

text: begin

text: at

text: First

text: Avenue

text: They

text: all

text: end

text: at

text: Eleventh

text: Avenue

text: Travel

text: on

text: the

text: last

text: block

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Streets

text: between

text: Tenth

text: and

text: Eleventh

text: Avenues

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: opposite

text: direction

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: respective

text: street

text: Street

text: is

text: very

text: wide

text: from

text: the

text: Avenue

text: C

text: to

text: First

text: Avenue

question: Where does 10th Street start?

answer: Avenue C

text: Avenue C

question: At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?

answer: First

text: First

question: What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?

answer: very wide

text: very wide

question: Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?

answer: 20th Street

text: 20th Street

question: How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?

answer: in the opposite direction

text: in the opposite direction


text: With financial support from Sanders and Hubbard, Bell hired Thomas Watson as his assistant,[N 15] and the two of them experimented with acoustic telegraphy. On June 2, 1875, Watson accidentally plucked one of the reeds and Bell, at the receiving end of the wire, heard the overtones of the reed; overtones that would be necessary for transmitting speech. That demonstrated to Bell that only one reed or armature was necessary, not multiple reeds. This led to the "gallows" sound-powered telephone, which could transmit indistinct, voice-like sounds, but not clear speech.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: With

text: financial

text: support

text: from

text: Sanders

text: and

text: Hubbard

text: Bell

text: hired

text: Thomas

text: Watson

text: as

text: his

text: assistant,[N

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: of

text: them

text: experimented

text: with

text: acoustic

text: telegraphy

text: On

text: June

text: Watson

text: accidentally

text: plucked

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reeds

text: and

text: Bell

text: at

text: the

text: receiving

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: wire

text: heard

text: the

text: overtones

text: of

text: the

text: reed

text: overtones

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: necessary

text: for

text: transmitting

text: speech

text: That

text: demonstrated

text: to

text: Bell

text: that

text: only

text: one

text: reed

text: or

text: armature

text: was

text: necessary

text: not

text: multiple

text: reeds

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: gallows

text: sound

text: powered

text: telephone

text: which

text: could

text: transmit

text: indistinct

text: voice

text: like

text: sounds

text: but

text: not

text: clear

text: speech

question: Who did Bell take on to work with him?

answer: Thomas Watson

text: Thomas Watson

question: What month and day did Watson and Bell have a breakthrough?

answer: June 2

text: June 2

question: How many reeds did Bell conclude he needed?

answer: 1

question: What name was given to the telephone that sort of worked?

answer: gallows

text: gallows

question: Who gave money to Bell and Watson?

answer: Sanders and Hubbard

text: Sanders and Hubbard


text: The other major implication of the Erie doctrine is that federal courts cannot dictate the content of state law when there is no federal issue (and thus no federal supremacy issue) in a case. When hearing claims under state law pursuant to diversity jurisdiction, federal trial courts must apply the statutory and decisional law of the state in which they sit, as if they were a court of that state, even if they believe that the relevant state law is irrational or just bad public policy. And under Erie, deference is one-way only: state courts are not bound by federal interpretations of state law.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: other

text: major

text: implication

text: of

text: the

text: Erie

text: doctrine

text: is

text: that

text: federal

text: courts

text: can

text: not

text: dictate

text: the

text: content

text: of

text: state

text: law

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: federal

text: issue

text: and

text: thus

text: no

text: federal

text: supremacy

text: issue

text: in

text: a

text: case

text: When

text: hearing

text: claims

text: under

text: state

text: law

text: pursuant

text: to

text: diversity

text: jurisdiction

text: federal

text: trial

text: courts

text: must

text: apply

text: the

text: statutory

text: and

text: decisional

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: sit

text: as

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: a

text: court

text: of

text: that

text: state

text: even

text: if

text: they

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: relevant

text: state

text: law

text: is

text: irrational

text: or

text: just

text: bad

text: public

text: policy

text: And

text: under

text: Erie

text: deference

text: is

text: one

text: way

text: only

text: state

text: courts

text: are

text: not

text: bound

text: by

text: federal

text: interpretations

text: of

text: state

text: law

question: What is a major implication of the Erie doctrine?

answer: federal courts cannot dictate the content of state law when there is no federal issue

text: federal courts cannot dictate the content of state law when there is no federal issue

question: What are states not bound by?

answer: federal interpretations of state law

text: federal interpretations of state law

question: What states that deference is one way only?

answer: Erie doctrine

text: Erie doctrine

question: What does it mean when Erie states that deference is one way only?

answer: state courts are not bound by federal interpretations of state law

text: state courts are not bound by federal interpretations of state law


text: A USB packet's end, called EOP (end-of-packet), is indicated by the transmitter driving 2 bit times of SE0 (D+ and D− both below max.) and 1 bit time of J state. After this, the transmitter ceases to drive the D+/D− lines and the aforementioned pull up resistors hold it in the J (idle) state. Sometimes skew due to hubs can add as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet. This extra bit can also result in a "bit stuff violation" if the six bits before it in the CRC are 1s. This bit should be ignored by receiver.

title: USB

title: USB

text: A

text: USB

text: packet

text: 's

text: end

text: called

text: EOP

text: end

text: of

text: packet

text: is

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: transmitter

text: driving

text: bit

text: times

text: of

text: D+

text: and

text: D−

text: both

text: below

text: max

text: and

text: bit

text: time

text: of

text: J

text: state

text: After

text: this

text: the

text: transmitter

text: ceases

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: D+/D−

text: lines

text: and

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: pull

text: up

text: resistors

text: hold

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: J

text: idle

text: state

text: Sometimes

text: skew

text: due

text: to

text: hubs

text: can

text: add

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: one

text: bit

text: time

text: before

text: the

text: of

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: packet

text: This

text: extra

text: bit

text: can

text: also

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: bit

text: stuff

text: violation

text: if

text: the

text: six

text: bits

text: before

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: CRC

text: are

text: This

text: bit

text: should

text: be

text: ignored

text: by

text: receiver

question: What is a USB packet's end called?

answer: EOP (end-of-packet)

text: EOP (end-of-packet)

question: What can skew due to hubs add?

answer: as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet

text: as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet

question: What can this extra bit result in?

answer: "bit stuff violation

text: "bit stuff violation


text: The two became friends, and for many years lived in close proximity in Paris, Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin, and Liszt at the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte, a few blocks away. They performed together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841. The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet. Later joint appearances included a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris. Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: The

text: two

text: became

text: friends

text: and

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: lived

text: in

text: close

text: proximity

text: in

text: Paris

text: Chopin

text: at

text: Rue

text: de

text: la

text: Chaussée

text: d'Antin

text: and

text: Liszt

text: at

text: the

text: Hôtel

text: de

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: Rue

text: Lafitte

text: a

text: few

text: blocks

text: away

text: They

text: performed

text: together

text: on

text: seven

text: occasions

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: first

text: on

text: April

text: was

text: at

text: a

text: benefit

text: concert

text: organized

text: by

text: Hector

text: Berlioz

text: for

text: his

text: bankrupt

text: Shakespearean

text: actress

text: wife

text: Harriet

text: Smithson

text: during

text: which

text: they

text: played

text: George

text: Onslow

text: 's

text: Sonata

text: in

text: F

text: minor

text: for

text: piano

text: duet

text: Later

text: joint

text: appearances

text: included

text: a

text: benefit

text: concert

text: for

text: the

text: Benevolent

text: Association

text: of

text: Polish

text: Ladies

text: in

text: Paris

text: Their

text: last

text: appearance

text: together

text: in

text: public

text: was

text: for

text: a

text: charity

text: concert

text: conducted

text: for

text: the

text: Beethoven

text: Memorial

text: in

text: Bonn

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Salle

text: Pleyel

text: and

text: the

text: Paris

text: Conservatory

text: on

text: and

text: April

question: What address did Frédéric live at during his stay in Paris?

answer: 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin

text: 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin

question: How far down the road did Liszt live from Frédéric during this time?

answer: a few blocks

text: a few blocks

question: How many times did Frédéric and Liszt collaborate in performances during the years of 1833 to 1841?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: For whose benefit was the first of these concerts performed for on 2 April 1833?

answer: Harriet Smithson

text: Harriet Smithson

question: At which two establishments was the last of these performances conducted at on 25 and 26 April 1841?

answer: Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory

text: Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory

question: When was the first time Liszt and Chopin performed together?

answer: 2 April 1833

text: 2 April 1833

question: What was the charity that Liszt and Chopin last performed for?

answer: the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn

text: the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn

question: Where did Liszt and Chopin last perform together?

answer: Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory

text: Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory

question: When Liszt lived close to Chopin, where did he call home?

answer: the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte

text: the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte

question: How many times did Chopin and Liszy perform together in public?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Who did the first concert of Chopin and Liszt benefit?

answer: Harriet Smithson

text: Harriet Smithson


text: In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. Ferdinand had succeeded in driving the French from Hanover and Westphalia and re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces, which caused alarm in France. Despite Ferdinand's victory over the French at the Battle of Krefeld and the brief occupation of Düsseldorf, he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: British

text: concluded

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Prussian

text: Convention

text: with

text: Frederick

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: committed

text: to

text: pay

text: him

text: an

text: annual

text: subsidy

text: of

text: Britain

text: also

text: dispatched

text: troops

text: to

text: reinforce

text: Ferdinand

text: 's

text: Hanoverian

text: army

text: the

text: first

text: British

text: troop

text: commitment

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: and

text: a

text: reversal

text: in

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: Pitt

text: Ferdinand

text: had

text: succeeded

text: in

text: driving

text: the

text: French

text: from

text: Hanover

text: and

text: Westphalia

text: and

text: re

text: captured

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Emden

text: in

text: March

text: before

text: crossing

text: the

text: Rhine

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: forces

text: which

text: caused

text: alarm

text: in

text: France

text: Despite

text: Ferdinand

text: 's

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: French

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Krefeld

text: and

text: the

text: brief

text: occupation

text: of

text: Düsseldorf

text: he

text: was

text: compelled

text: by

text: the

text: successful

text: manoeuvering

text: of

text: larger

text: French

text: forces

text: to

text: withdraw

text: across

text: the

text: Rhine

question: What was the annual financial commitment by Britain to Frederick?

answer: an annual subsidy of £670,000

text: an annual subsidy of £670,000

question: How did Britain assist the defense of Hanover?

answer: Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army

text: Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army

question: What caused alarm in France?

answer: re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces

text: re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces

question: Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: Did Ferdinand permanently occupy France?

answer: he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine

text: he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine