text: During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools. Many of the works produced by the students and faculty of that time are now displayed in the Museo Nacional de San Carlos (National Museum of San Carlos). One of the students, José María Velasco, is considered one of the greatest Mexican landscape painters of the 19th century. Porfirio Díaz's regime sponsored arts, especially those that followed the French school. Popular arts in the form of cartoons and illustrations flourished, e.g. those of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla. The permanent collection of the San Carlos Museum also includes paintings by European masters such as Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: an

text: important

text: producer

text: of

text: art

text: was

text: the

text: Academia

text: de

text: San

text: Carlos

text: San

text: Carlos

text: Art

text: Academy

text: founded

text: during

text: colonial

text: times

text: and

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: the

text: Escuela

text: Nacional

text: de

text: Artes

text: Plásticas

text: the

text: National

text: School

text: of

text: Arts

text: including

text: painting

text: sculpture

text: and

text: graphic

text: design

text: one

text: of

text: UNAM

text: 's

text: art

text: schools

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: students

text: and

text: faculty

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: are

text: now

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Museo

text: Nacional

text: de

text: San

text: Carlos

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: San

text: Carlos

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: students

text: José

text: María

text: Velasco

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: Mexican

text: landscape

text: painters

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Porfirio

text: Díaz

text: 's

text: regime

text: sponsored

text: arts

text: especially

text: those

text: that

text: followed

text: the

text: French

text: school

text: Popular

text: arts

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: cartoons

text: and

text: illustrations

text: flourished

text: e.g.

text: those

text: of

text: José

text: Guadalupe

text: Posada

text: and

text: Manuel

text: Manilla

text: The

text: permanent

text: collection

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Carlos

text: Museum

text: also

text: includes

text: paintings

text: by

text: European

text: masters

text: such

text: as

text: Rembrandt

text: Velázquez

text: Murillo

text: and

text: Rubens

question: What is the large art school in Mexico City?

answer: Academia de San Carlos

text: Academia de San Carlos

question: Where does most of the artwork produced as the Academia de San Carlos get featured?

answer: Museo Nacional de San Carlos

text: Museo Nacional de San Carlos

question: Who is one of the most famous people to graduate from the large art school of Mexico City?

answer: José María Velasco

text: José María Velasco

question: The San Carlos Museum has art from who, among others?

answer: Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens

text: Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens


text: Central State-owned enterprises have accumulatively donated more than $48.6 million. China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Central

text: State

text: owned

text: enterprises

text: have

text: accumulatively

text: donated

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: China

text: National

text: Petroleum

text: Corp

text: and

text: Sinopec

text: donated

text: million

text: yuan

text: each

text: to

text: the

text: disaster

text: area

question: How much did central state-owned enterprises donate?

answer: more than $48.6 million

text: more than $48.6 million

question: How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate?

answer: 10 million yuan

text: 10 million yuan

question: How much have Central state enterprises donated?

answer: 48.6 million

text: 48.6 million

question: How much did China National Petroleum and Sinopec donate?

answer: 10 million yuan each

text: 10 million yuan each


text: This is a consequence of Lorentz reciprocity. For an antenna element  not connected to anything (open circuited) one can write . But for an element  which is short circuited, a current is generated across that short but no voltage is allowed, so the corresponding . This is the case, for instance, with the so-called parasitic elements of a Yagi-Uda antenna where the solid rod can be viewed as a dipole antenna shorted across its feedpoint. Parasitic elements are unpowered elements that absorb and reradiate RF energy according to the induced current calculated using such a system of equations.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: Lorentz

text: reciprocity

text: For

text: an

text: antenna

text: element

text: not

text: connected

text: to

text: anything

text: open

text: circuited

text: one

text: can

text: write

text: But

text: for

text: an

text: element

text: which

text: is

text: short

text: circuited

text: a

text: current

text: is

text: generated

text: across

text: that

text: short

text: but

text: no

text: voltage

text: is

text: allowed

text: so

text: the

text: corresponding

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: for

text: instance

text: with

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: parasitic

text: elements

text: of

text: a

text: Yagi

text: Uda

text: antenna

text: where

text: the

text: solid

text: rod

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: dipole

text: antenna

text: shorted

text: across

text: its

text: feedpoint

text: Parasitic

text: elements

text: are

text: unpowered

text: elements

text: that

text: absorb

text: and

text: reradiate

text: RF

text: energy

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: induced

text: current

text: calculated

text: using

text: such

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: equations

question: a antenna element not connected to anything is circuited how?

answer: open circuited

text: open circuited

question: When is the element not allowed voltage?

answer: short circuited

text: short circuited

question: What element absorbs and reradiate RF-energy?

answer: Parasitic

text: Parasitic

question: What antenna can the solid rod be viewed as a dipole antenna?

answer: Yagi-Uda

text: Yagi-Uda

question: Where can this solid rod be viewed?

answer: feedpoint

text: feedpoint


text: In 1986, Nintendo released the Famicom Disk System (FDS) in Japan, a type of floppy drive that uses a single-sided, proprietary 5 cm (2") disk and plugs into the cartridge port. It contains RAM for the game to load into and an extra single-cycle wavetable-lookup sound chip. The disks were originally obtained from kiosks in malls and other public places where buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk. This process would cost less than cartridges and users could take the disk back to a vending booth and have it rewritten with a new game. The disks were used both for storing the game and saving progress and total capacity was 128k (64k per side).

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: In

text: Nintendo

text: released

text: the

text: Famicom

text: Disk

text: System

text: FDS

text: in

text: Japan

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: floppy

text: drive

text: that

text: uses

text: a

text: single

text: sided

text: proprietary

text: cm

text: disk

text: and

text: plugs

text: into

text: the

text: cartridge

text: port

text: It

text: contains

text: RAM

text: for

text: the

text: game

text: to

text: load

text: into

text: and

text: an

text: extra

text: single

text: cycle

text: wavetable

text: lookup

text: sound

text: chip

text: The

text: disks

text: were

text: originally

text: obtained

text: from

text: kiosks

text: in

text: malls

text: and

text: other

text: public

text: places

text: where

text: buyers

text: could

text: select

text: a

text: title

text: and

text: have

text: it

text: written

text: to

text: the

text: disk

text: This

text: process

text: would

text: cost

text: less

text: than

text: cartridges

text: and

text: users

text: could

text: take

text: the

text: disk

text: back

text: to

text: a

text: vending

text: booth

text: and

text: have

text: it

text: rewritten

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: game

text: The

text: disks

text: were

text: used

text: both

text: for

text: storing

text: the

text: game

text: and

text: saving

text: progress

text: and

text: total

text: capacity

text: was

text: per

text: side

question: What year did Nintendo release the Famicom Disk System?

answer: 1986

question: Where could the disks for the game be obtained?

answer: kiosks in malls

text: kiosks in malls

question: How were the disks purchased?

answer: buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk

text: buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk

question: What were the storage disks used for?

answer: storing the game and saving progress

text: storing the game and saving progress

question: What was the total capacity of a disk?

answer: 128k


text: Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. Glacial valleys have characteristically steep walls (reliefs); valleys with lower reliefs and talus slopes are remnants of glacial troughs or previously infilled valleys. Moraines, piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier, accumulate at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Glaciers

text: pick

text: up

text: rocks

text: and

text: sediment

text: with

text: them

text: as

text: they

text: flow

text: This

text: causes

text: erosion

text: and

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: valleys

text: over

text: time

text: The

text: Inn

text: valley

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: valley

text: carved

text: by

text: glaciers

text: during

text: the

text: ice

text: ages

text: with

text: a

text: typical

text: terraced

text: structure

text: caused

text: by

text: erosion

text: Eroded

text: rocks

text: from

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: ice

text: age

text: lie

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: while

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: consists

text: of

text: erosion

text: from

text: earlier

text: ice

text: ages

text: Glacial

text: valleys

text: have

text: characteristically

text: steep

text: walls

text: reliefs

text: valleys

text: with

text: lower

text: reliefs

text: and

text: talus

text: slopes

text: are

text: remnants

text: of

text: glacial

text: troughs

text: or

text: previously

text: infilled

text: valleys

text: Moraines

text: piles

text: of

text: rock

text: picked

text: up

text: during

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: glacier

text: accumulate

text: at

text: edges

text: center

text: and

text: the

text: terminus

text: of

text: glaciers

question: What is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages?

answer: The Inn valley

text: The Inn valley

question: What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley

answer: Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age

text: Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age

question: The top of the Inn Valley consists of what?

answer: erosion from earlier ice ages

text: erosion from earlier ice ages

question: What are Moraines?

answer: piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier

text: piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier

question: Where have moraines accumulated?

answer: at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.

text: at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.


text: Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the beer and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination. A BAC of 0.09% to 0.25% causes lethargy, sedation, balance problems and blurred vision. A BAC from 0.18% to 0.30% causes profound confusion, impaired speech (e.g., slurred speech), staggering, dizziness and vomiting. A BAC from 0.25% to 0.40% causes stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting (death may occur due to inhalation of vomit (pulmonary aspiration) while unconscious and respiratory depression (potentially life-threatening). A BAC from 0.35% to 0.80% causes a coma (unconsciousness), life-threatening respiratory depression and possibly fatal alcohol poisoning. As with all alcoholic drinks, drinking while driving, operating an aircraft or heavy machinery increases the risk of an accident; many countries have penalties against drunk driving.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Beer

text: contains

text: ethyl

text: alcohol

text: the

text: same

text: chemical

text: that

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: wine

text: and

text: distilled

text: spirits

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: beer

text: consumption

text: has

text: short

text: term

text: psychological

text: and

text: physiological

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: user

text: Different

text: concentrations

text: of

text: alcohol

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: have

text: different

text: effects

text: on

text: a

text: person

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: alcohol

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: amount

text: an

text: individual

text: has

text: drunk

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: alcohol

text: in

text: the

text: beer

text: and

text: the

text: timespan

text: that

text: the

text: consumption

text: took

text: place

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: food

text: eaten

text: and

text: whether

text: an

text: individual

text: has

text: taken

text: other

text: prescription

text: over

text: the

text: counter

text: or

text: street

text: drugs

text: among

text: other

text: factors

text: Drinking

text: enough

text: to

text: cause

text: a

text: blood

text: alcohol

text: concentration

text: BAC

text: of

text: typically

text: causes

text: an

text: overall

text: improvement

text: in

text: mood

text: and

text: possible

text: euphoria

text: increased

text: self

text: confidence

text: and

text: sociability

text: decreased

text: anxiety

text: a

text: flushed

text: red

text: appearance

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: and

text: impaired

text: judgment

text: and

text: fine

text: muscle

text: coordination

text: A

text: BAC

text: of

text: to

text: causes

text: lethargy

text: sedation

text: balance

text: problems

text: and

text: blurred

text: vision

text: A

text: BAC

text: from

text: to

text: causes

text: profound

text: confusion

text: impaired

text: speech

text: e.g.

text: slurred

text: speech

text: staggering

text: dizziness

text: and

text: vomiting

text: A

text: BAC

text: from

text: to

text: causes

text: stupor

text: unconsciousness

text: anterograde

text: amnesia

text: vomiting

text: death

text: may

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: inhalation

text: of

text: vomit

text: pulmonary

text: aspiration

text: while

text: unconscious

text: and

text: respiratory

text: depression

text: potentially

text: life

text: threatening

text: A

text: BAC

text: from

text: to

text: causes

text: a

text: coma

text: unconsciousness

text: life

text: threatening

text: respiratory

text: depression

text: and

text: possibly

text: fatal

text: alcohol

text: poisoning

text: As

text: with

text: all

text: alcoholic

text: drinks

text: drinking

text: while

text: driving

text: operating

text: an

text: aircraft

text: or

text: heavy

text: machinery

text: increases

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: an

text: accident

text: many

text: countries

text: have

text: penalties

text: against

text: drunk

text: driving

question: What type of alcohol is found in beer?

answer: ethyl alcohol

text: ethyl alcohol

question: How is alcohol measured in the human body?

answer: blood alcohol concentration

text: blood alcohol concentration

question: What type of alcohol is found in wine and distilled spirits?

answer: ethyl alcohol

text: ethyl alcohol

question: What is it called when someone dies from inhaling vomit?

answer: pulmonary aspiration

text: pulmonary aspiration

question: What could be caused by a 0.80% Blood alcohol content in a human?

answer: fatal alcohol poisoning

text: fatal alcohol poisoning


text: Nicholas began courting Britain by means of conversations with the British ambassador, George Hamilton Seymour, in January and February 1853.:105 Nicholas insisted that he no longer wished to expand Imperial Russia:105 but that he had an obligation to the Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire.:105  The Tsar next dispatched a highly abrasive diplomat, Prince Menshikov, on a special mission to the Ottoman Sublime Porte in February 1853. By previous treaties, the sultan was committed "to protect the (Eastern Orthodox) Christian religion and its churches." Menshikov demanded a Russian protectorate over all 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire, with control of the Orthodox Church's hierarchy. A compromise was reached regarding Orthodox access to the Holy Land, but the Sultan, strongly supported by the British ambassador, rejected the more sweeping demands.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Nicholas

text: began

text: courting

text: Britain

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: conversations

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: ambassador

text: George

text: Hamilton

text: Seymour

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: February

text: Nicholas

text: insisted

text: that

text: he

text: no

text: longer

text: wished

text: to

text: expand

text: Imperial

text: but

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: an

text: obligation

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: The

text: Tsar

text: next

text: dispatched

text: a

text: highly

text: abrasive

text: diplomat

text: Prince

text: Menshikov

text: on

text: a

text: special

text: mission

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Sublime

text: Porte

text: in

text: February

text: By

text: previous

text: treaties

text: the

text: sultan

text: was

text: committed

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Christian

text: religion

text: and

text: its

text: churches

text: Menshikov

text: demanded

text: a

text: Russian

text: protectorate

text: over

text: all

text: million

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: in

text: the

text: Empire

text: with

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: 's

text: hierarchy

text: A

text: compromise

text: was

text: reached

text: regarding

text: Orthodox

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: but

text: the

text: Sultan

text: strongly

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: ambassador

text: rejected

text: the

text: more

text: sweeping

text: demands

question: Who was the British ambassador in 1853?

answer: George Hamilton Seymour

text: George Hamilton Seymour

question: Who declared they no longer wanted to spread Imperial Russian?

answer: Nicholas

text: Nicholas

question: Who did the Tsar send on a mission to Ottoman Sublime Porte?

answer: Prince Menshikov

text: Prince Menshikov

question: In what year was Prince Menshikov sent to the Ottoman Sublime Porte?

answer: 1853

question: Who wanted to ruled over the 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire?

answer: Menshikov

text: Menshikov


text: In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: In

text: occupations

text: and

text: units

text: with

text: the

text: primary

text: role

text: of

text: preparing

text: for

text: direct

text: involvement

text: in

text: combat

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: or

text: at

text: sea

text: were

text: still

text: closed

text: to

text: women

text: infantry

text: armoured

text: corps

text: field

text: artillery

text: air

text: defence

text: artillery

text: signals

text: field

text: engineers

text: and

text: naval

text: operations

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: National

text: Defence

text: created

text: an

text: office

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: employing

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: in

text: combat

text: units

text: These

text: trials

text: were

text: called

text: Combat

text: Related

text: Employment

text: of

text: Women

question: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.

answer: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery

text: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery

question: On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?

answer: 5 February 1987

text: 5 February 1987

question: Who created an office to study these effects?

answer: the Minister of National Defence

text: the Minister of National Defence

question: What was the study called?

answer: Combat-Related Employment of Women

text: Combat-Related Employment of Women


text: Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Spectre

text: had

text: its

text: world

text: premiere

text: in

text: London

text: on

text: October

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Albert

text: Hall

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: as

text: its

text: general

text: release

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Following

text: the

text: announcement

text: of

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: filming

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: brought

text: forward

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Mission

text: Impossible

text: Rogue

text: Nation

text: to

text: avoid

text: competing

text: with

text: Spectre

text: In

text: March

text: IMAX

text: corporation

text: announced

text: that

text: Spectre

text: would

text: be

text: screened

text: in

text: its

text: cinemas

text: following

text: Skyfall

text: 's

text: success

text: with

text: the

text: company

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: it

text: received

text: a

text: wider

text: release

text: than

text: Skyfall

text: with

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: cinemas

text: including

text: IMAX

text: screens

text: compared

text: to

text: Skyfall

text: 's

text: locations

text: and

text: IMAX

text: screens

question: Where was the first showing of Spectre held?

answer: Royal Albert Hall

text: Royal Albert Hall

question: On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences?

answer: 26 October 2015

text: 26 October 2015

question: What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre?

answer: Skyfall

text: Skyfall

question: What film opening was changed so it didn't compete with Spectre?

answer: Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation

text: Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation

question: Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?

answer: Spectre.

text: Spectre.


text: In physics, the standard definition of a glass (or vitreous solid) is a solid formed by rapid melt quenching. The term glass is often used to describe any amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition temperature Tg. If the cooling is sufficiently rapid (relative to the characteristic crystallization time) then crystallization is prevented and instead the disordered atomic configuration of the supercooled liquid is frozen into the solid state at Tg. The tendency for a material to form a glass while quenched is called glass-forming ability. This ability can be predicted by the rigidity theory. Generally, the structure of a glass exists in a metastable state with respect to its crystalline form, although in certain circumstances, for example in atactic polymers, there is no crystalline analogue of the amorphous phase.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: In

text: physics

text: the

text: standard

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: glass

text: or

text: vitreous

text: solid

text: is

text: a

text: solid

text: formed

text: by

text: rapid

text: melt

text: quenching

text: The

text: term

text: glass

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: any

text: amorphous

text: solid

text: that

text: exhibits

text: a

text: glass

text: transition

text: temperature

text: Tg

text: If

text: the

text: cooling

text: is

text: sufficiently

text: rapid

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: characteristic

text: crystallization

text: time

text: then

text: crystallization

text: is

text: prevented

text: and

text: instead

text: the

text: disordered

text: atomic

text: configuration

text: of

text: the

text: supercooled

text: liquid

text: is

text: frozen

text: into

text: the

text: solid

text: state

text: at

text: Tg

text: The

text: tendency

text: for

text: a

text: material

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: glass

text: while

text: quenched

text: is

text: called

text: glass

text: forming

text: ability

text: This

text: ability

text: can

text: be

text: predicted

text: by

text: the

text: rigidity

text: theory

text: Generally

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: a

text: glass

text: exists

text: in

text: a

text: metastable

text: state

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: its

text: crystalline

text: form

text: although

text: in

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: atactic

text: polymers

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: crystalline

text: analogue

text: of

text: the

text: amorphous

text: phase

question: How is "glass" defined in physics?

answer: a solid formed by rapid melt quenching

text: a solid formed by rapid melt quenching

question: What is the tendency to make a glass when cooled called?

answer: glass-forming ability

text: glass-forming ability

question: What must happen quickly for glass to form?

answer: cooling

text: cooling

question: What predicts glass-forming ability?

answer: rigidity theory

text: rigidity theory


text: The Macintosh project was begun in 1979 by Jef Raskin, an Apple employee who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the spelling was changed to "Macintosh" for legal reasons as the original was the same spelling as that used by McIntosh Laboratory, Inc., the audio equipment manufacturer. Steve Jobs requested that McIntosh Laboratory give Apple a release for the name with its changed spelling so that Apple could use it, but the request was denied, forcing Apple to eventually buy the rights to use the name. (A 1984 Byte Magazine article suggested Apple changed the spelling only after "early users" misspelled "McIntosh". However, Jef Raskin had adopted the Macintosh spelling by 1981, when the Macintosh computer was still a single prototype machine in the lab. This explanation further clashes with the first explanation given above that the change was made for "legal reasons.")

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: Macintosh

text: project

text: was

text: begun

text: in

text: by

text: Jef

text: Raskin

text: an

text: Apple

text: employee

text: who

text: envisioned

text: an

text: easy

text: to

text: use

text: low

text: cost

text: computer

text: for

text: the

text: average

text: consumer

text: He

text: wanted

text: to

text: name

text: the

text: computer

text: after

text: his

text: favorite

text: type

text: of

text: apple

text: the

text: McIntosh

text: but

text: the

text: spelling

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Macintosh

text: for

text: legal

text: reasons

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: was

text: the

text: same

text: spelling

text: as

text: that

text: used

text: by

text: McIntosh

text: Laboratory

text: Inc.

text: the

text: audio

text: equipment

text: manufacturer

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: requested

text: that

text: McIntosh

text: Laboratory

text: give

text: Apple

text: a

text: release

text: for

text: the

text: name

text: with

text: its

text: changed

text: spelling

text: so

text: that

text: Apple

text: could

text: use

text: it

text: but

text: the

text: request

text: was

text: denied

text: forcing

text: Apple

text: to

text: eventually

text: buy

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: name

text: A

text: Byte

text: Magazine

text: article

text: suggested

text: Apple

text: changed

text: the

text: spelling

text: only

text: after

text: early

text: users

text: misspelled

text: McIntosh

text: However

text: Jef

text: Raskin

text: had

text: adopted

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: spelling

text: by

text: when

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: computer

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: single

text: prototype

text: machine

text: in

text: the

text: lab

text: This

text: explanation

text: further

text: clashes

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: explanation

text: given

text: above

text: that

text: the

text: change

text: was

text: made

text: for

text: legal

text: reasons

question: Who began the Macintosh project in 1979?

answer: Jef Raskin

text: Jef Raskin

question: What was Jef Raskin's profession?

answer: an Apple employee

text: an Apple employee

question: What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average consumer?

answer: easy-to-use, low-cost

text: easy-to-use, low-cost

question: Why was the spelling of McIntosh changed to Macintosh?

answer: for legal reasons

text: for legal reasons

question: What did McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. manufacture?

answer: audio equipment

text: audio equipment


text: In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: In

text: October

text: TCM

text: announced

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: TCM

text: Wineclub

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: teamed

text: up

text: with

text: Laithwaite

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: mail

text: order

text: wines

text: from

text: famous

text: vineyards

text: such

text: as

text: famed

text: writer

text: director

text: producer

text: Francis

text: Ford

text: Coppola

text: 's

text: winery

text: Wines

text: are

text: available

text: in

text: month

text: subscriptions

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: selected

text: as

text: reds

text: whites

text: or

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: both

text: From

text: the

text: wines

text: chosen

text: TCM

text: also

text: includes

text: recommended

text: movies

text: to

text: watch

text: with

text: each

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: True

text: Grit

text: wine

text: to

text: be

text: paired

text: with

text: the

text: John

text: Wayne

text: film

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

question: What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?

answer: October 2015

text: October 2015

question: Who was TCM's partner in the TCM Wineclub?

answer: Laithwaite

text: Laithwaite

question: The winery of what notable director provided wines for TCM Wineclub?

answer: Francis Ford Coppola

text: Francis Ford Coppola

question: Who starred in True Grit?

answer: John Wayne

text: John Wayne

question: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?

answer: 3 month

text: 3 month


text: The Age of Enlightenment is a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the 18th century in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. Enlightenment gained momentum more or less simultaneously in many parts of Europe and America. Developing during the Enlightenment era, Renaissance humanism as an intellectual movement spread across Europe. The basic training of the humanist was to speak well and write (typically, in the form of a letter). The term umanista comes from the latter part of the 15th century. The people were associated with the studia humanitatis, a novel curriculum that was competing with the quadrivium and scholastic logic.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: is

text: a

text: time

text: in

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: centered

text: upon

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: which

text: reason

text: was

text: advocated

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: source

text: and

text: legitimacy

text: for

text: authority

text: Enlightenment

text: gained

text: momentum

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: simultaneously

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: America

text: Developing

text: during

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: era

text: Renaissance

text: humanism

text: as

text: an

text: intellectual

text: movement

text: spread

text: across

text: Europe

text: The

text: basic

text: training

text: of

text: the

text: humanist

text: was

text: to

text: speak

text: well

text: and

text: write

text: typically

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: letter

text: The

text: term

text: umanista

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: latter

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: people

text: were

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: studia

text: humanitatis

text: a

text: novel

text: curriculum

text: that

text: was

text: competing

text: with

text: the

text: quadrivium

text: and

text: scholastic

text: logic

question: From where does the phrase humanist originate?

answer: the 15th century

text: the 15th century

question: What is the basic training of a humanist?

answer: speak well and write

text: speak well and write

question: Where did Enlightenment gain momentum?

answer: Europe and America

text: Europe and America

question: What was the age of Enlightenment centered on?

answer: the 18th century in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority.

text: the 18th century in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority.

question: What were the studia humanitatis competing against?

answer: quadrivium and scholastic logic.

text: quadrivium and scholastic logic.


text: Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: gas

text: dihydrogen

text: or

text: molecular

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: highly

text: flammable

text: and

text: will

text: burn

text: in

text: air

text: at

text: a

text: very

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: concentrations

text: between

text: and

text: by

text: volume

text: The

text: enthalpy

text: of

text: combustion

text: for

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: kJ

text: mol

question: For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?

answer: 286 kJ/mol

text: 286 kJ/mol

question: What are two forms of hydrogen gas?

answer: dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen

text: dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen

question: Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?

answer: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen


text: The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development. Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: The

text: games

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: .ipg

text: files

text: which

text: are

text: actually

text: .zip

text: archives

text: in

text: disguise[citation

text: needed

text: When

text: unzipped

text: they

text: reveal

text: executable

text: files

text: along

text: with

text: common

text: audio

text: and

text: image

text: files

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: third

text: party

text: games

text: Apple

text: has

text: not

text: publicly

text: released

text: a

text: software

text: development

text: kit

text: SDK

text: for

text: iPod

text: specific

text: development

text: Apps

text: produced

text: with

text: the

text: iPhone

text: SDK

text: are

text: compatible

text: only

text: with

text: the

text: iOS

text: on

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: and

text: iPhone

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: run

text: clickwheel

text: based

text: games

question: What format is used for iPod game files?

answer: .ipg

text: .ipg

question: What file format is being covered up by the use of ipg files?

answer: .zip

text: .zip

question: What does SDK stand for?

answer: software development kit

text: software development kit

question: What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played?

answer: iOS

text: iOS

question: What file format are iPod games distributed in?

answer: .ipg

text: .ipg

question: An app produced with the iPhone SDK can only run on what devices?

answer: iPod Touch and iPhone

text: iPod Touch and iPhone

question: Is the Apple SDK available to third-party game publishers?

answer: not

text: not


text: As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After drying, they plowed, harrowed, and raked the ground three times, and pulverized it with a mattock, before planting seed. Unfortunately the high evaporation rate resulted in a gradual increase in the salinity of the fields. By the Ur III period, farmers had switched from wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley as their principal crop.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: As

text: is

text: known

text: from

text: the

text: Sumerian

text: Farmer

text: 's

text: Almanac

text: after

text: the

text: flood

text: season

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Spring

text: Equinox

text: and

text: the

text: Akitu

text: or

text: New

text: Year

text: Festival

text: using

text: the

text: canals

text: farmers

text: would

text: flood

text: their

text: fields

text: and

text: then

text: drain

text: the

text: water

text: Next

text: they

text: made

text: oxen

text: stomp

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: kill

text: weeds

text: They

text: then

text: dragged

text: the

text: fields

text: with

text: pickaxes

text: After

text: drying

text: they

text: plowed

text: harrowed

text: and

text: raked

text: the

text: ground

text: three

text: times

text: and

text: pulverized

text: it

text: with

text: a

text: mattock

text: before

text: planting

text: seed

text: Unfortunately

text: the

text: high

text: evaporation

text: rate

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: gradual

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: salinity

text: of

text: the

text: fields

text: By

text: the

text: Ur

text: III

text: period

text: farmers

text: had

text: switched

text: from

text: wheat

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: salt

text: tolerant

text: barley

text: as

text: their

text: principal

text: crop

question: Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground?

answer: kill weeds

text: kill weeds

question: How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices?

answer: from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac"

text: from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac"

question: How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?

answer: three times

text: three times

question: When would farmers flood their fields?

answer: after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu

text: after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu

question: The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop?

answer: salt-tolerant barley

text: salt-tolerant barley


text: Isolated remains of Homo erectus in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley in central India indicate that India might have been inhabited since at least the Middle Pleistocene era, somewhere between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago. Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. The ancient history of the region includes some of South Asia's oldest settlements and some of its major civilisations. The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic hominid site in the Soan River valley. Soanian sites are found in the Sivalik region across what are now India, Pakistan, and Nepal.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Isolated

text: remains

text: of

text: Homo

text: erectus

text: in

text: Hathnora

text: in

text: the

text: Narmada

text: Valley

text: in

text: central

text: India

text: indicate

text: that

text: India

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: inhabited

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: Middle

text: Pleistocene

text: era

text: somewhere

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: ago

text: Tools

text: crafted

text: by

text: proto

text: humans

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: dated

text: back

text: two

text: million

text: years

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: The

text: ancient

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: includes

text: some

text: of

text: South

text: Asia

text: 's

text: oldest

text: settlements

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: major

text: civilisations

text: The

text: earliest

text: archaeological

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: is

text: the

text: palaeolithic

text: hominid

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: Soan

text: River

text: valley

text: Soanian

text: sites

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Sivalik

text: region

text: across

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: India

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Nepal

question: By what era was India inhabited by humans of some form?

answer: Middle Pleistocene

text: Middle Pleistocene

question: What type of remains were found in the Narmada Valley?

answer: Homo erectus

text: Homo erectus

question: From how long ago do tools date in India?

answer: two million years

text: two million years

question: Where in the subcontinent is the oldest archaeological site?

answer: Soan River valley

text: Soan River valley

question: What type of resident lived at the site in Soan River Valley?

answer: palaeolithic hominid

text: palaeolithic hominid


text: Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, which was at that time a party that fully adopted the Marxist ideology. After the street battle in the Hörlgasse on 15 June 1919, when police shot eight of his unarmed party comrades, he became disillusioned by what he saw to be the "pseudo-scientific" historical materialism of Marx, abandoned the ideology, and remained a supporter of social liberalism throughout his life.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: left

text: school

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: and

text: attended

text: lectures

text: in

text: mathematics

text: physics

text: philosophy

text: psychology

text: and

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: as

text: a

text: guest

text: student

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: In

text: Popper

text: became

text: attracted

text: by

text: Marxism

text: and

text: subsequently

text: joined

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: Socialist

text: School

text: Students

text: He

text: also

text: became

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Workers

text: Party

text: of

text: Austria

text: which

text: was

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: a

text: party

text: that

text: fully

text: adopted

text: the

text: Marxist

text: ideology

text: After

text: the

text: street

text: battle

text: in

text: the

text: Hörlgasse

text: on

text: June

text: when

text: police

text: shot

text: eight

text: of

text: his

text: unarmed

text: party

text: comrades

text: he

text: became

text: disillusioned

text: by

text: what

text: he

text: saw

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: pseudo

text: scientific

text: historical

text: materialism

text: of

text: Marx

text: abandoned

text: the

text: ideology

text: and

text: remained

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: social

text: liberalism

text: throughout

text: his

text: life

question: At which age did Popper first attend university?

answer: 16

question: What political doctrine interested Popper in 1919?

answer: Marxism

text: Marxism

question: Which Austrian political party did Popper join as a youth?

answer: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria

text: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria

question: What incident killed several of Poppers Marxist political comrades?

answer: street battle in the Hörlgasse

text: street battle in the Hörlgasse

question: To which political philosophy did Popper continue to adhere after moving away from Marxism?

answer: social liberalism

text: social liberalism


text: The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism. Rainfall in this giant desert has to overcome the physical and atmospheric barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation. The harsh climate of the Sahara is characterized by extremely low, unreliable, highly erratic rainfall; extremely high sunshine duration values; high temperatures year-round; negligible rates of relative humidity, a significant diurnal temperature variation and extremely high levels of potential evaporation which are the highest recorded worldwide.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: The

text: primary

text: source

text: of

text: rain

text: in

text: the

text: Sahara

text: is

text: the

text: equatorial

text: low

text: a

text: continuous

text: belt

text: of

text: low

text: pressure

text: systems

text: near

text: the

text: equator

text: which

text: bring

text: the

text: brief

text: short

text: and

text: irregular

text: rainy

text: season

text: to

text: the

text: Sahel

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: Sahara

text: The

text: Sahara

text: does

text: n't

text: lack

text: precipitation

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: moisture

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: precipitation

text: generating

text: mechanism

text: Rainfall

text: in

text: this

text: giant

text: desert

text: has

text: to

text: overcome

text: the

text: physical

text: and

text: atmospheric

text: barriers

text: that

text: normally

text: prevent

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: precipitation

text: The

text: harsh

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: extremely

text: low

text: unreliable

text: highly

text: erratic

text: rainfall

text: extremely

text: high

text: sunshine

text: duration

text: values

text: high

text: temperatures

text: year

text: round

text: negligible

text: rates

text: of

text: relative

text: humidity

text: a

text: significant

text: diurnal

text: temperature

text: variation

text: and

text: extremely

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: potential

text: evaporation

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: recorded

text: worldwide

question: What is the primary source of rain in the Sahara?

answer: low-pressure systems

text: low-pressure systems

question: What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?

answer: lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism

text: lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism

question: What does the desert have to overcome?

answer: barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation

text: barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation

question: What is the temperature like year around in the desert?

answer: high temperatures year-round

text: high temperatures year-round


text: Special procedures apply to legislation passed by Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man. Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 (the Revestment), the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor. After 1765, royal assent was at first signified by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor; but, during the British Regency, the practice began of granting royal assent by Order in Council, which continues to this day, though limited to exceptional cases since 1981.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Special

text: procedures

text: apply

text: to

text: legislation

text: passed

text: by

text: Tynwald

text: the

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: Before

text: the

text: lordship

text: of

text: the

text: Island

text: was

text: purchased

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: in

text: the

text: Revestment

text: the

text: assent

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: of

text: Mann

text: to

text: a

text: bill

text: was

text: signified

text: by

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: governor

text: After

text: royal

text: assent

text: was

text: at

text: first

text: signified

text: by

text: letter

text: from

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: to

text: the

text: governor

text: but

text: during

text: the

text: British

text: Regency

text: the

text: practice

text: began

text: of

text: granting

text: royal

text: assent

text: by

text: Order

text: in

text: Council

text: which

text: continues

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: though

text: limited

text: to

text: exceptional

text: cases

text: since

question: What term refers to the legislature of the Isle of man?

answer: Tynwald

text: Tynwald

question: In what year was lordship of the Isle of Man purchased?

answer: 1765

question: What does the term the Revestment refer to?

answer: lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765

text: lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765

question: Previous to the Order in Council method, how was royal assent passed previously within the Isle of Man?

answer: by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor

text: by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor

question: How is royal assent currently granted in the Isle of Man?

answer: Order in Council

text: Order in Council


text: The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station Life 93.1FM. Cork also has a temporary licensed city-wide community station 'Cork FM Community Radio' on 100.5FM, which is currently on-air on Saturdays and Sundays only. Cork has also been home to pirate radio stations, including South Coast Radio and ERI in the 1980s. Today some small pirates stations remain. A number of neighbouring counties radio stations can be heard in parts of Cork City including Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: FM

text: radio

text: band

text: features

text: RTÉ

text: Radio

text: RTÉ

text: RTÉ

text: lyric

text: fm

text: RTÉ

text: Raidió

text: Gaeltachta

text: Today

text: FM

text: Newstalk

text: and

text: the

text: religious

text: station

text: Spirit

text: Radio

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: local

text: stations

text: such

text: as

text: Cork

text: 's

text: Cork

text: 's

text: Red

text: FM

text: CUH

text: UCC

text: formerly

text: Cork

text: Campus

text: Radio

text: and

text: Christian

text: radio

text: station

text: Life

text: Cork

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: temporary

text: licensed

text: city

text: wide

text: community

text: station

text: Cork

text: FM

text: Community

text: Radio

text: on

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: on

text: air

text: on

text: Saturdays

text: and

text: Sundays

text: only

text: Cork

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: pirate

text: radio

text: stations

text: including

text: South

text: Coast

text: Radio

text: and

text: ERI

text: in

text: the

text: Today

text: some

text: small

text: pirates

text: stations

text: remain

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: neighbouring

text: counties

text: radio

text: stations

text: can

text: be

text: heard

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Cork

text: City

text: including

text: Radio

text: Kerry

text: at

text: and

text: WLR

text: FM

text: on

question: Is there a Christian radio station in Cork?

answer: Life 93.1FM

text: Life 93.1FM

question: What are some pirate radio stations that were based in Cork?

answer: South Coast Radio and ERI

text: South Coast Radio and ERI

question: What nearby radio stations can be picked up in Cork?

answer: Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1

text: Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1

question: When were South Coast Radio and ERI running their pirate stations out of Cork?

answer: 1980s

question: What did Cork Campus Radio change to?

answer: UCC 98.3FM

text: UCC 98.3FM


text: NAACP had many problem's with JFK's "token" proposal. They wanted jobs. One day after the order took effect, NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill filed complaints against the hiring and promoting practices of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Lockheed was doing business with the Defense Department on the first billion-dollar contract. Due to taxpayer-funding being 90% of Lockheed's business, along with disproportionate hiring practices, black workers charged Lockheed with "overt discrimination." Lockheed signed an agreement with Vice President Johnson that pledged an "aggressive seeking out for more qualified minority candidates for technical and skill positions.:63–64 This agreement was the administration's model for a "plan of progress." Johnson and his assistants soon pressured other defense contractors, including Boeing and General Electric, to sign similar voluntary agreements indicating plans for progress. However, these plans were just that, voluntary. Many corporations in the South, still afflicted with Jim Crow laws, largely ignored the federal recommendations.:63–64

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: NAACP

text: had

text: many

text: problem

text: 's

text: with

text: JFK

text: 's

text: token

text: proposal

text: They

text: wanted

text: jobs

text: One

text: day

text: after

text: the

text: order

text: took

text: effect

text: NAACP

text: labor

text: secretary

text: Herbert

text: Hill

text: filed

text: complaints

text: against

text: the

text: hiring

text: and

text: promoting

text: practices

text: of

text: Lockheed

text: Aircraft

text: Corporation

text: Lockheed

text: was

text: doing

text: business

text: with

text: the

text: Defense

text: Department

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: billion

text: dollar

text: contract

text: Due

text: to

text: taxpayer

text: funding

text: being

text: of

text: Lockheed

text: 's

text: business

text: along

text: with

text: disproportionate

text: hiring

text: practices

text: black

text: workers

text: charged

text: Lockheed

text: with

text: overt

text: discrimination

text: Lockheed

text: signed

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: Vice

text: President

text: Johnson

text: that

text: pledged

text: an

text: aggressive

text: seeking

text: out

text: for

text: more

text: qualified

text: minority

text: candidates

text: for

text: technical

text: and

text: skill

text: This

text: agreement

text: was

text: the

text: administration

text: 's

text: model

text: for

text: a

text: plan

text: of

text: progress

text: Johnson

text: and

text: his

text: assistants

text: soon

text: pressured

text: other

text: defense

text: contractors

text: including

text: Boeing

text: and

text: General

text: Electric

text: to

text: sign

text: similar

text: voluntary

text: agreements

text: indicating

text: plans

text: for

text: progress

text: However

text: these

text: plans

text: were

text: just

text: that

text: voluntary

text: Many

text: corporations

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: still

text: afflicted

text: with

text: Jim

text: Crow

text: laws

text: largely

text: ignored

text: the

text: federal

question: Who had issues with JFK's proposal?

answer: NAACP

text: NAACP

question: Who filed complaints quickly after the Executive Order was implemented?

answer: NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill

text: NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill

question: Which company was targeted by the NAACP for not having fair practices?

answer: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

text: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

question: Who did Lockheed sign an agreement with to seek out more minority workers?

answer: Vice President Johnson

text: Vice President Johnson

question: Which laws did the corporations in the South associate with in order to ignore the federal recommendations?

answer: Jim Crow

text: Jim Crow


text: In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes, most blacks quickly left the Southern Baptist Church, setting up their own black Baptist congregations or joining new African Methodist Episcopal Church and AME Zion churches, both independent black denominations first established in the North. Freedmen "acquired dogs, guns, and liquor (all barred to them under slavery), and refused to yield the sidewalks to whites".

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: In

text: Charleston

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: population

text: increased

text: as

text: freedmen

text: moved

text: from

text: rural

text: areas

text: to

text: the

text: major

text: city

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: over

text: in

text: Historian

text: Eric

text: Foner

text: noted

text: that

text: blacks

text: were

text: glad

text: to

text: be

text: relieved

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: regulations

text: of

text: slavery

text: and

text: to

text: operate

text: outside

text: of

text: white

text: surveillance

text: Among

text: other

text: changes

text: most

text: blacks

text: quickly

text: left

text: the

text: Southern

text: Baptist

text: Church

text: setting

text: up

text: their

text: own

text: black

text: Baptist

text: congregations

text: or

text: joining

text: new

text: African

text: Methodist

text: Episcopal

text: Church

text: and

text: AME

text: Zion

text: churches

text: both

text: independent

text: black

text: denominations

text: first

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Freedmen

text: acquired

text: dogs

text: guns

text: and

text: liquor

text: all

text: barred

text: to

text: them

text: under

text: slavery

text: and

text: refused

text: to

text: yield

text: the

text: sidewalks

text: to

text: whites

question: Black left which religious denomination is great numbers after slavery?

answer: Southern Baptist Church

text: Southern Baptist Church

question: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1860?

answer: 17,000

question: What  barred product ,along with dogs and guns ,  did the Freemen want after slavery ended?

answer: liquor

text: liquor

question: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?

answer: 27,000

question: AME Zion Churches were first established in what part of America?

answer: the North

text: the North


text: In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: In

text: Russian

text: Alexander

text: Lodygin

text: invented

text: an

text: incandescent

text: light

text: bulb

text: and

text: obtained

text: a

text: Russian

text: patent

text: in

text: He

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: burner

text: two

text: carbon

text: rods

text: of

text: diminished

text: section

text: in

text: a

text: glass

text: receiver

text: hermetically

text: sealed

text: and

text: filled

text: with

text: nitrogen

text: electrically

text: arranged

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: could

text: be

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: carbon

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: had

text: been

text: consumed

text: Later

text: he

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: changed

text: his

text: name

text: to

text: Alexander

text: de

text: Lodyguine

text: and

text: applied

text: and

text: obtained

text: patents

text: for

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: having

text: chromium

text: iridium

text: rhodium

text: ruthenium

text: osmium

text: molybdenum

text: and

text: tungsten

text: filaments

text: and

text: a

text: bulb

text: using

text: a

text: molybdenum

text: filament

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: at

text: the

text: world

text: fair

text: of

text: in

text: Paris

question: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?

answer: Alexander Lodygin

text: Alexander Lodygin

question: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?

answer: two carbon rods

text: two carbon rods

question: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?

answer: 1900

question: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?

answer: Alexander de Lodyguine

text: Alexander de Lodyguine

question: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?

answer: 1872


text: Multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, the East Side Access project, and the 7 Subway Extension.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Multibillion

text: US$

text: heavy

text: rail

text: transit

text: projects

text: under

text: construction

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: include

text: the

text: Second

text: Avenue

text: Subway

text: the

text: East

text: Side

text: Access

text: project

text: and

text: the

text: Subway

text: Extension

question: Along with the East Side Access project and 7 Subway Extension, what heavy-rail project is being built in New York City?

answer: the Second Avenue Subway

text: the Second Avenue Subway


text: Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on U.S. corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and Sixty-four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. U.S. shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate PC market which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008. Heavily depending on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Despite

text: plans

text: of

text: expanding

text: into

text: other

text: global

text: regions

text: and

text: product

text: segments

text: Dell

text: was

text: heavily

text: dependent

text: on

text: U.S.

text: corporate

text: PC

text: market

text: as

text: desktop

text: PCs

text: sold

text: to

text: both

text: commercial

text: and

text: corporate

text: customers

text: accounted

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: revenue

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: revenue

text: comes

text: from

text: businesses

text: and

text: Sixty

text: four

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: revenue

text: comes

text: from

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: according

text: to

text: its

text: third

text: quarter

text: results

text: U.S.

text: shipments

text: of

text: desktop

text: PCs

text: were

text: shrinking

text: and

text: the

text: corporate

text: PC

text: market

text: which

text: purchases

text: PCs

text: in

text: upgrade

text: cycles

text: had

text: largely

text: decided

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: break

text: from

text: buying

text: new

text: systems

text: The

text: last

text: cycle

text: started

text: around

text: three

text: or

text: so

text: years

text: after

text: companies

text: started

text: buying

text: PCs

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: perceived

text: K

text: problems

text: and

text: corporate

text: clients

text: were

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: upgrade

text: again

text: until

text: extensive

text: testing

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Windows

text: Vista

text: expected

text: in

text: early

text: putting

text: the

text: next

text: upgrade

text: cycle

text: around

text: Heavily

text: depending

text: on

text: PCs

text: Dell

text: had

text: to

text: slash

text: prices

text: to

text: boost

text: sales

text: volumes

text: while

text: demanding

text: deep

text: cuts

text: from

text: suppliers

question: What country's PC market was Dell reliant on?

answer: U.S

text: U.S

question: What percentage of Dell's profits were desktop PCs being sold to commercial and corporate buyers?

answer: 32 percent

text: 32 percent

question: What year were Dell's PC profits shrinking?

answer: 2006

question: What operating system was slated to be the next system upgrade for corporate clients?

answer: Microsoft's Windows Vista

text: Microsoft's Windows Vista


text: Various studies have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of the non-Levantine admixture in Ashkenazim, particularly in respect to the extent of the non-Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, which is in contrast to the predominant Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi paternal lineages. All studies nevertheless agree that genetic overlap with the Fertile Crescent exists in both lineages, albeit at differing rates. Collectively, Ashkenazi Jews are less genetically diverse than other Jewish ethnic divisions.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Various

text: studies

text: have

text: arrived

text: at

text: diverging

text: conclusions

text: regarding

text: both

text: the

text: degree

text: and

text: the

text: sources

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: Levantine

text: admixture

text: in

text: Ashkenazim

text: particularly

text: in

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: Levantine

text: genetic

text: origin

text: observed

text: in

text: Ashkenazi

text: maternal

text: lineages

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: predominant

text: Levantine

text: genetic

text: origin

text: observed

text: in

text: Ashkenazi

text: paternal

text: lineages

text: All

text: studies

text: nevertheless

text: agree

text: that

text: genetic

text: overlap

text: with

text: the

text: Fertile

text: Crescent

text: exists

text: in

text: both

text: lineages

text: albeit

text: at

text: differing

text: rates

text: Collectively

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: are

text: less

text: genetically

text: diverse

text: than

text: other

text: Jewish

text: ethnic

text: divisions

question: All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages?

answer: Fertile Crescent

text: Fertile Crescent


text: In season ten, the total viewer numbers for the first week of shows fell 12–13%, and by up to 23% in the 18–49 demo compared to season nine. Later episodes, however, retained viewers better, and the season ended on a high with a significant increase in viewership for the finale – up 12% for the adults 18–49 demo and a 21% increase in total viewers from the season nine finale. While the overall viewer number has increased this season, its viewer demographics have continued to age year on year – the median age this season was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season. By the time of the 2010–11 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18–49 demographic ratings in the United States.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: In

text: season

text: ten

text: the

text: total

text: viewer

text: numbers

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: week

text: of

text: shows

text: fell

text: and

text: by

text: up

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: compared

text: to

text: season

text: nine

text: Later

text: episodes

text: however

text: retained

text: viewers

text: better

text: and

text: the

text: season

text: ended

text: on

text: a

text: high

text: with

text: a

text: significant

text: increase

text: in

text: viewership

text: for

text: the

text: finale

text: up

text: for

text: the

text: adults

text: demo

text: and

text: a

text: increase

text: in

text: total

text: viewers

text: from

text: the

text: season

text: nine

text: finale

text: While

text: the

text: overall

text: viewer

text: number

text: has

text: increased

text: this

text: season

text: its

text: viewer

text: demographics

text: have

text: continued

text: to

text: age

text: year

text: on

text: year

text: the

text: median

text: age

text: this

text: season

text: was

text: compared

text: to

text: a

text: median

text: age

text: of

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: season

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: television

text: season

text: Fox

text: was

text: in

text: its

text: seventh

text: consecutive

text: season

text: of

text: victory

text: overall

text: in

text: the

text: demographic

text: ratings

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its first season?

answer: 32.1

question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season?

answer: 47.2

question: What is the median age of viewers this season?

answer: 47.2

question: What was the median age for viewers for season one?

answer: 32.1


text: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for college students, with a goal of increasing graduation rates. One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations of universities and colleges.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: foundation

text: 's

text: goals

text: is

text: to

text: lower

text: poverty

text: by

text: increasing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: college

text: graduates

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: organization

text: has

text: funded

text: Reimagining

text: Aid

text: Design

text: and

text: Delivery

text: grants

text: to

text: think

text: tanks

text: and

text: advocacy

text: organizations

text: to

text: produce

text: white

text: papers

text: on

text: ideas

text: for

text: changing

text: the

text: current

text: system

text: of

text: federal

text: financial

text: aid

text: for

text: college

text: students

text: with

text: a

text: goal

text: of

text: increasing

text: graduation

text: rates

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: ways

text: the

text: foundation

text: has

text: sought

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: college

text: graduates

text: is

text: to

text: get

text: them

text: through

text: college

text: faster

text: but

text: that

text: idea

text: has

text: received

text: some

text: pushback

text: from

text: organizations

text: of

text: universities

text: and

text: colleges

question: What is 1 foundation goal

answer: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States

text: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States

question: One way to increase college graduation by the foundation is

answer: One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster

text: One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster

question: how did they work on college financing

answer: Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations

text: Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations


text: After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope in Rome, who welcomed such visits. But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism. To those who are entrusted the highest and deepest truth and therefore, so Paul VI, believed that he had the most difficult part to communicate. Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart. Paul VI, like Pius XII before him, was reluctant to give in on a lowest possible point. And yet, Paul felt compelled to admit his ardent Gospel-based desire to be everything to everybody and to help all people Being the successor of Peter, he felt the words of Christ, "Do you love me more" like a sharp knife penetrating to the marrow of his soul. These words meant to Paul VI love without limits, and they underscore the Church's fundamental approach to ecumenism.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: After

text: the

text: Council

text: Paul

text: VI

text: contributed

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: to

text: the

text: continued

text: growth

text: of

text: ecumenical

text: dialogue

text: The

text: separated

text: brothers

text: and

text: sisters

text: as

text: he

text: called

text: them

text: were

text: not

text: able

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: Council

text: as

text: invited

text: observers

text: After

text: the

text: Council

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: took

text: initiative

text: to

text: seek

text: out

text: their

text: Catholic

text: counterparts

text: and

text: the

text: Pope

text: in

text: Rome

text: who

text: welcomed

text: such

text: visits

text: But

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: itself

text: recognized

text: from

text: the

text: many

text: previous

text: ecumenical

text: encounters

text: that

text: much

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: done

text: within

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: open

text: partner

text: for

text: ecumenism

text: To

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: entrusted

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: deepest

text: truth

text: and

text: therefore

text: so

text: Paul

text: VI

text: believed

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: most

text: difficult

text: part

text: to

text: communicate

text: Ecumenical

text: dialogue

text: in

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: requires

text: from

text: a

text: Catholic

text: the

text: whole

text: person

text: one

text: 's

text: entire

text: reason

text: will

text: and

text: heart

text: Paul

text: VI

text: like

text: Pius

text: XII

text: before

text: him

text: was

text: reluctant

text: to

text: give

text: in

text: on

text: a

text: lowest

text: possible

text: point

text: And

text: yet

text: Paul

text: felt

text: compelled

text: to

text: admit

text: his

text: ardent

text: Gospel

text: based

text: desire

text: to

text: be

text: everything

text: to

text: everybody

text: and

text: to

text: help

text: all

text: people

text: Being

text: the

text: successor

text: of

text: Peter

text: he

text: felt

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Christ

text: Do

text: you

text: love

text: me

text: more

text: like

text: a

text: sharp

text: knife

text: penetrating

text: to

text: the

text: marrow

text: of

text: his

text: soul

text: These

text: words

text: meant

text: to

text: Paul

text: VI

text: love

text: without

text: limits

text: and

text: they

text: underscore

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: fundamental

text: approach

text: to

text: ecumenism

question: In what city did the pope encourage visits from Catholics from other countries?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?

answer: two

text: two

question: In Paul VI's view what does the Catholic ecumenical dialogue require from someone?

answer: whole person

text: whole person

question: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?

answer: whole

text: whole

question: To what historical figure can the words "Do you love me more" be attributed?

answer: Christ

text: Christ


text: The quality of a vacuum is indicated by the amount of matter remaining in the system, so that a high quality vacuum is one with very little matter left in it. Vacuum is primarily measured by its absolute pressure, but a complete characterization requires further parameters, such as temperature and chemical composition. One of the most important parameters is the mean free path (MFP) of residual gases, which indicates the average distance that molecules will travel between collisions with each other. As the gas density decreases, the MFP increases, and when the MFP is longer than the chamber, pump, spacecraft, or other objects present, the continuum assumptions of fluid mechanics do not apply. This vacuum state is called high vacuum, and the study of fluid flows in this regime is called particle gas dynamics. The MFP of air at atmospheric pressure is very short, 70 nm, but at 100 mPa (~6997100000000000000♠1×10−3 Torr) the MFP of room temperature air is roughly 100 mm, which is on the order of everyday objects such as vacuum tubes. The Crookes radiometer turns when the MFP is larger than the size of the vanes.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: The

text: quality

text: of

text: a

text: vacuum

text: is

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: matter

text: remaining

text: in

text: the

text: system

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: vacuum

text: is

text: one

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: matter

text: left

text: in

text: it

text: Vacuum

text: is

text: primarily

text: measured

text: by

text: its

text: absolute

text: pressure

text: but

text: a

text: complete

text: characterization

text: requires

text: further

text: parameters

text: such

text: as

text: temperature

text: and

text: chemical

text: composition

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: parameters

text: is

text: the

text: mean

text: free

text: path

text: MFP

text: of

text: residual

text: gases

text: which

text: indicates

text: the

text: average

text: distance

text: that

text: molecules

text: will

text: travel

text: between

text: collisions

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: As

text: the

text: gas

text: density

text: decreases

text: the

text: MFP

text: increases

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: MFP

text: is

text: longer

text: than

text: the

text: chamber

text: pump

text: spacecraft

text: or

text: other

text: objects

text: present

text: the

text: continuum

text: assumptions

text: of

text: fluid

text: mechanics

text: do

text: not

text: apply

text: This

text: vacuum

text: state

text: is

text: called

text: high

text: vacuum

text: and

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: fluid

text: flows

text: in

text: this

text: regime

text: is

text: called

text: particle

text: gas

text: dynamics

text: The

text: MFP

text: of

text: air

text: at

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: is

text: very

text: short

text: nm

text: but

text: at

text: mPa

text: Torr

text: the

text: MFP

text: of

text: room

text: temperature

text: air

text: is

text: roughly

text: mm

text: which

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: everyday

text: objects

text: such

text: as

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: The

text: Crookes

text: radiometer

text: turns

text: when

text: the

text: MFP

text: is

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: vanes

question: What indicated the quality of a vacuum?

answer: amount of matter remaining in the system

text: amount of matter remaining in the system

question: How is vacuum generally measured?

answer: its absolute pressure

text: its absolute pressure

question: What does the MFP of residual gases show?

answer: average distance that molecules will travel between collisions with each other.

text: average distance that molecules will travel between collisions with each other.

question: What is particle gas dynamics?

answer: study of fluid flows

text: study of fluid flows


text: Even though the Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan performed some duties of a foreign office, they fell short of developing into a professional foreign service. It was not until 1861 — a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition — that the Qing government bowed to foreign pressure and created a proper foreign affairs office known as the Zongli Yamen. The office was originally intended to be temporary and was staffed by officials seconded from the Grand Council. However, as dealings with foreigners became increasingly complicated and frequent, the office grew in size and importance, aided by revenue from customs duties which came under its direct jurisdiction.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Even

text: though

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Rites

text: and

text: Lifan

text: Yuan

text: performed

text: some

text: duties

text: of

text: a

text: foreign

text: office

text: they

text: fell

text: short

text: of

text: developing

text: into

text: a

text: professional

text: foreign

text: service

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: a

text: year

text: after

text: losing

text: the

text: Second

text: Opium

text: War

text: to

text: the

text: Anglo

text: French

text: coalition

text: that

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: bowed

text: to

text: foreign

text: pressure

text: and

text: created

text: a

text: proper

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: office

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Zongli

text: Yamen

text: The

text: office

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: temporary

text: and

text: was

text: staffed

text: by

text: officials

text: seconded

text: from

text: the

text: Grand

text: Council

text: However

text: as

text: dealings

text: with

text: foreigners

text: became

text: increasingly

text: complicated

text: and

text: frequent

text: the

text: office

text: grew

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: importance

text: aided

text: by

text: revenue

text: from

text: customs

text: duties

text: which

text: came

text: under

text: its

text: direct

text: jurisdiction

question: What was the foreign service called?

answer: Zongli Yamen

text: Zongli Yamen

question: Who performed the tasks of the Zongli Yamen before it was created?

answer: Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan

text: Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan

question: What was the war called fought between the British and French against the Qing?

answer: Second Opium War

text: Second Opium War


text: The Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked; the Executive had too much power, and that there was no check on the executive; a dictator would arise; and that a bill of rights should be coupled with the constitution to prevent a dictator (then believed to eventually be the president) from exploiting or tyrannizing citizens. The federalists, on the other hand, argued that it was impossible to list all the rights, and those that were not listed could be easily overlooked because they were not in the official bill of rights. Rather, rights in specific cases were to be decided by the judicial system of courts.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: The

text: Federalist

text: Party

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: opposed

text: by

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republicans

text: including

text: powerful

text: figures

text: such

text: as

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: The

text: Democratic

text: Republicans

text: mainly

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: Legislature

text: had

text: too

text: much

text: power

text: mainly

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Necessary

text: and

text: Proper

text: Clause

text: and

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: unchecked

text: the

text: Executive

text: had

text: too

text: much

text: power

text: and

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: check

text: on

text: the

text: executive

text: a

text: dictator

text: would

text: arise

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: bill

text: of

text: rights

text: should

text: be

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: constitution

text: to

text: prevent

text: a

text: dictator

text: then

text: believed

text: to

text: eventually

text: be

text: the

text: president

text: from

text: exploiting

text: or

text: tyrannizing

text: citizens

text: The

text: federalists

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: argued

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: impossible

text: to

text: list

text: all

text: the

text: rights

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: listed

text: could

text: be

text: easily

text: overlooked

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: official

text: bill

text: of

text: rights

text: Rather

text: rights

text: in

text: specific

text: cases

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: decided

text: by

text: the

text: judicial

text: system

text: of

text: courts

question: What was the federalist party of the United States opposed to?

answer: Democratic-Republicans

text: Democratic-Republicans

question: What did the democratic-republican party believe in?

answer: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked

text: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked

question: Who decided the rights in specific cases?

answer: the judicial system of courts

text: the judicial system of courts


text: Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wildcats, most shrews, moles, water voles, roe deer and common toads also being absent from Ireland. This pattern is also true for birds and insects. Notable exceptions include the Kerry slug and certain species of wood lice native to Ireland but not Great Britain.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Few

text: species

text: of

text: reptiles

text: or

text: amphibians

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: or

text: Ireland

text: Only

text: three

text: snakes

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: common

text: European

text: adder

text: the

text: grass

text: snake

text: and

text: the

text: smooth

text: snake

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: Ireland

text: In

text: general

text: Great

text: Britain

text: has

text: slightly

text: more

text: variation

text: and

text: native

text: wild

text: life

text: with

text: weasels

text: polecats

text: wildcats

text: most

text: shrews

text: moles

text: water

text: voles

text: roe

text: deer

text: and

text: common

text: toads

text: also

text: being

text: absent

text: from

text: Ireland

text: This

text: pattern

text: is

text: also

text: true

text: for

text: birds

text: and

text: insects

text: Notable

text: exceptions

text: include

text: the

text: Kerry

text: slug

text: and

text: certain

text: species

text: of

text: wood

text: lice

text: native

text: to

text: Ireland

text: but

text: not

text: Great

text: Britain

question: Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland?

answer: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

text: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

question: What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?

answer: Kerry slug

text: Kerry slug

question: Is the grass nake or the smooth snake native to Ireland?

answer: none are native to Ireland

text: none are native to Ireland

question: What type of wild life are not native to Ireland but are in Britain?

answer: water voles, roe deer and common toads

text: water voles, roe deer and common toads


text: The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this. It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême. Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella, and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful, if rather young, girl. On the other hand, the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John: by marrying Isabella, John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony, which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine.[nb 5]

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: new

text: peace

text: would

text: only

text: last

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: war

text: recommenced

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: August

text: to

text: marry

text: Isabella

text: of

text: Angoulême

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: remarry

text: John

text: first

text: needed

text: to

text: abandon

text: Isabel

text: Countess

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: his

text: first

text: wife

text: John

text: accomplished

text: this

text: by

text: arguing

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: necessary

text: papal

text: permission

text: to

text: marry

text: Isabel

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: place

text: as

text: a

text: cousin

text: John

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: legally

text: we

text: d

text: her

text: without

text: this

text: It

text: remains

text: unclear

text: why

text: John

text: chose

text: to

text: marry

text: Isabella

text: of

text: Angoulême

text: Contemporary

text: chroniclers

text: argued

text: that

text: John

text: had

text: fallen

text: deeply

text: in

text: love

text: with

text: Isabella

text: and

text: John

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: motivated

text: by

text: desire

text: for

text: an

text: apparently

text: beautiful

text: if

text: rather

text: young

text: girl

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: Angoumois

text: lands

text: that

text: came

text: with

text: Isabella

text: were

text: strategically

text: vital

text: to

text: John

text: by

text: marrying

text: Isabella

text: John

text: was

text: acquiring

text: a

text: key

text: land

text: route

text: between

text: Poitou

text: and

text: Gascony

text: which

text: significantly

text: strengthened

text: his

text: grip

text: on

text: Aquitaine.[nb

question: How long did the new peace last?

answer: two years

text: two years

question: When was John's decision to marry Isabella?

answer: August 1200

text: August 1200

question: John acquired key land between Poitou and where?

answer: Gascony

text: Gascony