text: Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Agriculture

text: and

text: horticulture

text: seek

text: to

text: optimize

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: optimize

text: the

text: productivity

text: of

text: plants

text: Techniques

text: such

text: as

text: timed

text: planting

text: cycles

text: tailored

text: row

text: orientation

text: staggered

text: heights

text: between

text: rows

text: and

text: the

text: mixing

text: of

text: plant

text: varieties

text: can

text: improve

text: crop

text: yields

text: While

text: sunlight

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: a

text: plentiful

text: resource

text: the

text: exceptions

text: highlight

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: to

text: agriculture

text: During

text: the

text: short

text: growing

text: seasons

text: of

text: the

text: Little

text: Ice

text: Age

text: French

text: and

text: English

text: farmers

text: employed

text: fruit

text: walls

text: to

text: maximize

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: These

text: walls

text: acted

text: as

text: thermal

text: masses

text: and

text: accelerated

text: ripening

text: by

text: keeping

text: plants

text: warm

text: Early

text: fruit

text: walls

text: were

text: built

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: facing

text: south

text: but

text: over

text: time

text: sloping

text: walls

text: were

text: developed

text: to

text: make

text: better

text: use

text: of

text: sunlight

text: In

text: Nicolas

text: Fatio

text: de

text: Duillier

text: even

text: suggested

text: using

text: a

text: tracking

text: mechanism

text: which

text: could

text: pivot

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: Sun

text: Applications

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: in

text: agriculture

text: aside

text: from

text: growing

text: crops

text: include

text: pumping

text: water

text: drying

text: crops

text: brooding

text: chicks

text: and

text: drying

text: chicken

text: manure

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: technology

text: has

text: been

text: embraced

text: by

text: vinters

text: who

text: use

text: the

text: energy

text: generated

text: by

text: solar

text: panels

text: to

text: power

text: grape

text: presses

question: During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy?

answer: fruit walls

text: fruit walls

question: Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what?

answer: power grape presses

text: power grape presses

question: Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured?

answer: to optimize the productivity of plants

text: to optimize the productivity of plants

question: What are some techniques used to improve crop production?

answer: timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties

text: timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties

question: What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?

answer: employed fruit walls

text: employed fruit walls

question: What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?

answer: acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm

text: acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm


text: In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 Irmandades da Fala (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramón Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the magazine Nós ('Us'), founded 1920, its most notable cultural institution, Lois Peña Novo the outstanding political figure.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: came

text: another

text: turn

text: toward

text: nationalist

text: politics

text: with

text: Solidaridad

text: Gallega

text: modeled

text: on

text: Solidaritat

text: Catalana

text: in

text: Catalonia

text: Solidaridad

text: Gallega

text: failed

text: but

text: in

text: Irmandades

text: da

text: Fala

text: Brotherhood

text: of

text: the

text: Language

text: developed

text: first

text: as

text: a

text: cultural

text: association

text: but

text: soon

text: as

text: a

text: full

text: blown

text: nationalist

text: movement

text: Vicente

text: Risco

text: and

text: Ramón

text: Otero

text: Pedrayo

text: were

text: outstanding

text: cultural

text: figures

text: of

text: this

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: magazine

text: Nós

text: Us

text: founded

text: its

text: most

text: notable

text: cultural

text: institution

text: Lois

text: Peña

text: Novo

text: the

text: outstanding

text: political

text: figure

question: Which nationalist movement arose in the early 20th century?

answer: Solidaridad Gallega

text: Solidaridad Gallega

question: Which other movement was it modeled after?

answer: Solidaritat Catalana

text: Solidaritat Catalana

question: Which political group arose in 1916?

answer: Irmandades da Fala

text: Irmandades da Fala

question: Which magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?

answer: Nós

text: Nós


text: As a result of the abolition of serfdom and the availability of education to the native Estonian-speaking population, an active Estonian nationalist movement developed in the 19th century.[citation needed] It began on a cultural level, resulting in the establishment of Estonian language literature, theatre and professional music and led on to the formation of the Estonian national identity and the Age of Awakening. Among the leaders of the movement were Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: serfdom

text: and

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: education

text: to

text: the

text: native

text: Estonian

text: speaking

text: population

text: an

text: active

text: Estonian

text: nationalist

text: movement

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: century.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: began

text: on

text: a

text: cultural

text: level

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Estonian

text: language

text: literature

text: theatre

text: and

text: professional

text: music

text: and

text: led

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Estonian

text: national

text: identity

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Awakening

text: Among

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: movement

text: were

text: Johann

text: Voldemar

text: Jannsen

text: Jakob

text: Hurt

text: and

text: Carl

text: Robert

text: Jakobson

question: What form of servitude was eliminated?

answer: serfdom

text: serfdom

question: When did the Estonian nationalist movement begin?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: The development of Estonian national identity was accompanied with what era?

answer: the Age of Awakening

text: the Age of Awakening

question: Who were the leaders of the Age of Awakening?

answer: Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson.

text: Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson.


text: The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to serve, to attend"), which is believed to be derived from the frequentative form (*morapu 守らふ) of the verb moru (守る, "to watch, to guard, to be on the lookout; to keep, to protect, to take care of, to be in charge of, to have as one's ward"). By the Heian period, this word had developed into the verb saburahu (さぶらふ, "to serve, to attend"), from which a deverbal noun saburahi (さぶらひ, "servant, attendant") was later derived, and this noun then yielded samurahi (さむらひ) in the Edo period. In Japanese literature, there is an early reference to samurai in the Kokinshū (古今集, early 10th century):

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: The

text: term

text: samurai

text: originally

text: meant

text: those

text: who

text: serve

text: in

text: close

text: attendance

text: to

text: nobility

text: and

text: was

text: written

text: with

text: a

text: Chinese

text: character

text: or

text: kanji

text: that

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: meaning

text: In

text: Japanese

text: it

text: was

text: originally

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: Nara

text: Period

text: as

text: a

text: verb

text: samorapu

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: keep

text: watch

text: to

text: observe

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: the

text: lookout

text: for

text: something

text: to

text: serve

text: to

text: attend

text: which

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: frequentative

text: form

text: morapu

text: 守らふ

text: of

text: the

text: verb

text: moru

text: 守る

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: guard

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: the

text: lookout

text: to

text: keep

text: to

text: protect

text: to

text: take

text: care

text: of

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: to

text: have

text: as

text: one

text: 's

text: ward

text: By

text: the

text: Heian

text: period

text: this

text: word

text: had

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: verb

text: saburahu

text: さぶらふ

text: to

text: serve

text: to

text: attend

text: from

text: which

text: a

text: deverbal

text: noun

text: saburahi

text: さぶらひ

text: servant

text: attendant

text: was

text: later

text: derived

text: and

text: this

text: noun

text: then

text: yielded

text: samurahi

text: さむらひ

text: in

text: the

text: Edo

text: period

text: In

text: Japanese

text: literature

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: early

text: reference

text: to

text: samurai

text: in

text: the

text: Kokinshū

text: 古今集

text: early

text: century

question: What did 'samurai' mean at first?

answer: those who serve in close attendance to nobility

text: those who serve in close attendance to nobility

question: What did 'samorapu' mean?

answer: to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to serve, to attend

text: to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to serve, to attend

question: What did 'saburahu' mean?

answer: to serve, to attend

text: to serve, to attend

question: What did 'saburahi' mean?

answer: servant, attendant

text: servant, attendant

question: When was the word 'samurahi' used?

answer: the Edo period

text: the Edo period


text: The West Bank was annexed by Jordan in 1950, following the Arab rejection of the UN decision to create two states in Palestine. Only Britain recognized this annexation and Jordan has since ceded its claim to the territory to the PLO. The West Bank was occupied by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War. The population are mainly Palestinians, including refugees of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. From their occupation in 1967 until 1993, the Palestinians living in these territories were under Israeli military administration. Since the Israel–PLO letters of recognition, most of the Palestinian population and cities have been under the internal jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has on several occasions redeployed its troops and reinstated full military administration during periods of unrest. In response to increasing attacks as part of the Second Intifada, the Israeli government started to construct the Israeli West Bank barrier. When completed, approximately 13% of the Barrier will be constructed on the Green Line or in Israel with 87% inside the West Bank.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: Jordan

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: Arab

text: rejection

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: decision

text: to

text: create

text: two

text: states

text: in

text: Palestine

text: Only

text: Britain

text: recognized

text: this

text: annexation

text: and

text: Jordan

text: has

text: since

text: ceded

text: its

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: PLO

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Israel

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Six

text: Day

text: War

text: The

text: population

text: are

text: mainly

text: Palestinians

text: including

text: refugees

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: War

text: From

text: their

text: occupation

text: in

text: until

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: living

text: in

text: these

text: territories

text: were

text: under

text: Israeli

text: military

text: administration

text: Since

text: the

text: Israel

text: PLO

text: letters

text: of

text: recognition

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: population

text: and

text: cities

text: have

text: been

text: under

text: the

text: internal

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Authority

text: and

text: only

text: partial

text: Israeli

text: military

text: control

text: although

text: Israel

text: has

text: on

text: several

text: occasions

text: redeployed

text: its

text: troops

text: and

text: reinstated

text: full

text: military

text: administration

text: during

text: periods

text: of

text: unrest

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: increasing

text: attacks

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Intifada

text: the

text: Israeli

text: government

text: started

text: to

text: construct

text: the

text: Israeli

text: West

text: Bank

text: barrier

text: When

text: completed

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: Barrier

text: will

text: be

text: constructed

text: on

text: the

text: Green

text: Line

text: or

text: in

text: Israel

text: with

text: inside

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

question: When was the West Bank annexed by Jordan?

answer: 1950

question: What was the majority of the population in the West Bank?

answer: Palestinians

text: Palestinians

question: What percentage of the barrier will be constructed on the Green Line?

answer: 13%


text: Returning to the basic concept of current flows in a conductor, consider what happens if a half-wave dipole is not connected to a feed point, but instead shorted out. Electrically this forms a single 1⁄2-wavelength element. But the overall current pattern is the same; the current will be zero at the two ends, and reach a maximum in the center. Thus signals near the design frequency will continue to create a standing wave pattern. Any varying electrical current, like the standing wave in the element, will radiate a signal. In this case, aside from resistive losses in the element, the rebroadcast signal will be significantly similar to the original signal in both magnitude and shape. If this element is placed so its signal reaches the main dipole in-phase, it will reinforce the original signal, and increase the current in the dipole. Elements used in this way are known as passive elements.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Returning

text: to

text: the

text: basic

text: concept

text: of

text: current

text: flows

text: in

text: a

text: conductor

text: consider

text: what

text: happens

text: if

text: a

text: half

text: wave

text: dipole

text: is

text: not

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: feed

text: point

text: but

text: instead

text: shorted

text: out

text: Electrically

text: this

text: forms

text: a

text: single

text: element

text: But

text: the

text: overall

text: current

text: pattern

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: the

text: current

text: will

text: be

text: zero

text: at

text: the

text: two

text: ends

text: and

text: reach

text: a

text: maximum

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: Thus

text: signals

text: near

text: the

text: design

text: frequency

text: will

text: continue

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: standing

text: wave

text: pattern

text: Any

text: varying

text: electrical

text: current

text: like

text: the

text: standing

text: wave

text: in

text: the

text: element

text: will

text: radiate

text: a

text: signal

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: aside

text: from

text: resistive

text: losses

text: in

text: the

text: element

text: the

text: rebroadcast

text: signal

text: will

text: be

text: significantly

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: signal

text: in

text: both

text: magnitude

text: and

text: shape

text: If

text: this

text: element

text: is

text: placed

text: so

text: its

text: signal

text: reaches

text: the

text: main

text: dipole

text: in

text: phase

text: it

text: will

text: reinforce

text: the

text: original

text: signal

text: and

text: increase

text: the

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: dipole

text: Elements

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: passive

text: elements

question: What is a half wave dipole need to be coupled with in most instances?

answer: feed point

text: feed point

question: What part of the current is usually strongest?

answer: center

text: center

question: What does this result in?

answer: standing wave pattern

text: standing wave pattern

question: Element used to provide support to the original signal are called?

answer: passive elements

text: passive elements


text: Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (soluble in carbon disulphide), with a penetration value near to zero and a softening point (ring & ball) around 120 °C. The insoluble matter, consisting mainly of silica ore, ranges from 8% to 17%.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Selenizza

text: is

text: a

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: solid

text: hydrocarbon

text: bitumen

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: native

text: asphalt

text: deposit

text: of

text: Selenice

text: in

text: Albania

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: asphalt

text: mine

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: The

text: rock

text: asphalt

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: veins

text: filling

text: cracks

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: horizontal

text: direction

text: The

text: bitumen

text: content

text: varies

text: from

text: to

text: soluble

text: in

text: carbon

text: disulphide

text: with

text: a

text: penetration

text: value

text: near

text: to

text: zero

text: and

text: a

text: softening

text: point

text: ring

text: ball

text: around

text: C

text: The

text: insoluble

text: matter

text: consisting

text: mainly

text: of

text: silica

text: ore

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

question: To what location is Selenizza bitumen native?

answer: Selenice, in Albania

text: Selenice, in Albania

question: What is it about the mine that is unusual?

answer: still in use

text: still in use

question: In what way is Selenizza bitumen geologically different than bitumen found in sands?

answer: rock asphalt

text: rock asphalt

question: What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt?

answer: 83% to 92%

text: 83% to 92%

question: How is the rock asphalt mainly found?

answer: veins

text: veins


text: A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: A

text: large

text: indoor

text: shopping

text: centre

text: Hoog

text: Catharijne

text: nl

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: Utrecht

text: Centraal

text: railway

text: station

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: The

text: corridors

text: are

text: treated

text: as

text: public

text: places

text: like

text: streets

text: and

text: the

text: route

text: between

text: the

text: station

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: is

text: open

text: all

text: night

text: In

text: years

text: from

text: parts

text: of

text: Hoog

text: Catharijne

text: will

text: be

text: redeveloped

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: renovation

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: station

text: area

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: network

text: of

text: canals

text: which

text: were

text: filled

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: shopping

text: center

text: and

text: central

text: station

text: area

text: will

text: be

text: recreated

text: The

text: Jaarbeurs

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: convention

text: centres

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: railway

text: station

question: What is the name of the large shopping center

answer: Hoog Catharijne

text: Hoog Catharijne

question: how are the shopping center corridors treated

answer: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

text: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

question: What is being recreated

answer: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

text: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

question: what is located on the west side of the rail station

answer: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station

text: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station


text: Until 18 December 2010, Eton College was an exempt charity under English law (Charities Act 1993, Schedule 2). Under the provisions of the Charities Act 2006, it is now an excepted charity, and fully registered with the Charities Commission, and is now one of the 100 largest charities in the UK. As a charity, it benefits from substantial tax breaks. It was calculated by the late David Jewell, former Master of Haileybury, that in 1992 such tax breaks saved the School about £1,945 per pupil per year, although he had no direct connection with the School. This subsidy has declined since the 2001 abolition by the Labour Government of state-funded scholarships (formerly known as "assisted places") to independent schools. However, no child attended Eton on this scheme, meaning that the actual level of state assistance to the School has always been lower. Eton's retiring Head Master, Tony Little, has claimed that the benefits that Eton provides to the local community free of charge (use of its facilities, etc.) have a higher value than the tax breaks it receives as a result of its charitable status. The fee for the academic year 2010–2011 was £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100 as of March 2011), although the sum is considerably lower for those pupils on bursaries and scholarships.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Until

text: December

text: Eton

text: College

text: was

text: an

text: exempt

text: charity

text: under

text: English

text: law

text: Charities

text: Act

text: Schedule

text: Under

text: the

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: Charities

text: Act

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: an

text: excepted

text: charity

text: and

text: fully

text: registered

text: with

text: the

text: Charities

text: Commission

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: charities

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: As

text: a

text: charity

text: it

text: benefits

text: from

text: substantial

text: tax

text: breaks

text: It

text: was

text: calculated

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: David

text: Jewell

text: former

text: Master

text: of

text: Haileybury

text: that

text: in

text: such

text: tax

text: breaks

text: saved

text: the

text: School

text: about

text: per

text: pupil

text: per

text: year

text: although

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: direct

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: School

text: This

text: subsidy

text: has

text: declined

text: since

text: the

text: abolition

text: by

text: the

text: Labour

text: Government

text: of

text: state

text: funded

text: scholarships

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: assisted

text: places

text: to

text: independent

text: schools

text: However

text: no

text: child

text: attended

text: Eton

text: on

text: this

text: scheme

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: actual

text: level

text: of

text: state

text: assistance

text: to

text: the

text: School

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: lower

text: Eton

text: 's

text: retiring

text: Head

text: Master

text: Tony

text: Little

text: has

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: benefits

text: that

text: Eton

text: provides

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: community

text: free

text: of

text: charge

text: use

text: of

text: its

text: facilities

text: etc

text: have

text: a

text: higher

text: value

text: than

text: the

text: tax

text: breaks

text: it

text: receives

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: its

text: charitable

text: status

text: The

text: fee

text: for

text: the

text: academic

text: year

text: was

text: approximately

text: US$

text: or

text: as

text: of

text: March

text: although

text: the

text: sum

text: is

text: considerably

text: lower

text: for

text: those

text: pupils

text: on

text: bursaries

text: and

text: scholarships

question: Why is being a charity beneficial to Eton?

answer: substantial tax breaks

text: substantial tax breaks

question: What service does Eton provide to the local community free of charge?

answer: use of its facilities

text: use of its facilities

question: What was the full price of Eton per student in 2010-2011?

answer: £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100

text: £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100

question: How much did estimated tax breaks save per student in 1992?

answer: £1,945 per pupil per year

text: £1,945 per pupil per year


text: In 1824 the British government instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to occupy Norfolk Island as a place to send "the worst description of convicts". Its remoteness, previously seen as a disadvantage, was now viewed as an asset for the detention of recalcitrant male prisoners. The convicts detained have long been assumed to be a hardcore of recidivists, or 'doubly-convicted capital respites' – that is, men transported to Australia who committed fresh colonial crimes for which they were sentenced to death, and were spared the gallows on condition of life at Norfolk Island. However, a recent study has demonstrated, utilising a database of 6,458 Norfolk Island convicts, that the reality was somewhat different: more than half were detained at Norfolk Island without ever receiving a colonial conviction, and only 15% had been reprieved from a death sentence. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of convicts sent to Norfolk Island had committed non-violent property sentences, and the average length of detention was three years.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: instructed

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: Thomas

text: Brisbane

text: to

text: occupy

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: as

text: a

text: place

text: to

text: send

text: the

text: worst

text: description

text: of

text: convicts

text: Its

text: remoteness

text: previously

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: disadvantage

text: was

text: now

text: viewed

text: as

text: an

text: asset

text: for

text: the

text: detention

text: of

text: recalcitrant

text: male

text: prisoners

text: The

text: convicts

text: detained

text: have

text: long

text: been

text: assumed

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: hardcore

text: of

text: recidivists

text: or

text: doubly

text: convicted

text: capital

text: respites

text: that

text: is

text: men

text: transported

text: to

text: Australia

text: who

text: committed

text: fresh

text: colonial

text: crimes

text: for

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: and

text: were

text: spared

text: the

text: gallows

text: on

text: condition

text: of

text: life

text: at

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: However

text: a

text: recent

text: study

text: has

text: demonstrated

text: utilising

text: a

text: database

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: convicts

text: that

text: the

text: reality

text: was

text: somewhat

text: different

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: were

text: detained

text: at

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: without

text: ever

text: receiving

text: a

text: colonial

text: conviction

text: and

text: only

text: had

text: been

text: reprieved

text: from

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: convicts

text: sent

text: to

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: had

text: committed

text: non

text: violent

text: property

text: sentences

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: length

text: of

text: detention

text: was

text: three

text: years

question: Who instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to send the worst convicts to Norfolk Island?

answer: the British government

text: the British government

question: What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding male convicts?

answer: Its remoteness

text: Its remoteness

question: What were the prisoners on Norfolk Island spared from on the the mainland?

answer: the gallows

text: the gallows

question: How many convicts are listed in the database at Norfolk Island?

answer: 6,458

question: What was the average length of a prisoner's detention at Norfolk Island?

answer: three years

text: three years


text: Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods have widely differing properties, ranging from the hard and dense african blackwood (used for the bodies of clarinets) to the light but resonant European spruce (Picea abies), which is traditionally used for the soundboards of violins. The most valuable tonewoods, such as the ripple sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), used for the backs of violins, combine acoustic properties with decorative color and grain which enhance the appearance of the finished instrument.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Certain

text: types

text: of

text: musical

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: violin

text: family

text: the

text: guitar

text: the

text: clarinet

text: and

text: recorder

text: the

text: xylophone

text: and

text: the

text: marimba

text: are

text: traditionally

text: made

text: mostly

text: or

text: entirely

text: of

text: wood

text: The

text: choice

text: of

text: wood

text: may

text: make

text: a

text: significant

text: difference

text: to

text: the

text: tone

text: and

text: resonant

text: qualities

text: of

text: the

text: instrument

text: and

text: tonewoods

text: have

text: widely

text: differing

text: properties

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: hard

text: and

text: dense

text: african

text: blackwood

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: clarinets

text: to

text: the

text: light

text: but

text: resonant

text: European

text: spruce

text: Picea

text: abies

text: which

text: is

text: traditionally

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: soundboards

text: of

text: violins

text: The

text: most

text: valuable

text: tonewoods

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ripple

text: sycamore

text: Acer

text: pseudoplatanus

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: backs

text: of

text: violins

text: combine

text: acoustic

text: properties

text: with

text: decorative

text: color

text: and

text: grain

text: which

text: enhance

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: finished

text: instrument

question: What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?

answer: african blackwood

text: african blackwood

question: What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?

answer: ripple sycamore

text: ripple sycamore

question: What category of wood is often used for musical instruments?

answer: tonewoods

text: tonewoods

question: What's the common name for Picea abies?

answer: European spruce

text: European spruce

question: Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it?

answer: tone

text: tone


text: By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: By

text: the

text: couple

text: had

text: found

text: the

text: palace

text: too

text: small

text: for

text: court

text: life

text: and

text: their

text: growing

text: family

text: and

text: consequently

text: the

text: new

text: wing

text: designed

text: by

text: Edward

text: Blore

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Cubitt

text: enclosing

text: the

text: central

text: quadrangle

text: The

text: large

text: East

text: Front

text: facing

text: The

text: Mall

text: is

text: today

text: the

text: public

text: face

text: of

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: and

text: contains

text: the

text: balcony

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: crowds

text: on

text: momentous

text: occasions

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: annual

text: Trooping

text: the

text: Colour

text: The

text: ballroom

text: wing

text: and

text: a

text: further

text: suite

text: of

text: state

text: rooms

text: were

text: also

text: built

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: designed

text: by

text: Nash

text: 's

text: student

text: Sir

text: James

text: Pennethorne

question: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?

answer: Edward Blore

text: Edward Blore

question: The new wing was built by whom?

answer: Thomas Cubitt

text: Thomas Cubitt

question: What is the East front of the palace known as?

answer: "public face" of Buckingham Palace

text: "public face" of Buckingham Palace

question: The East Front contains what famous feature?

answer: the balcony

text: the balcony

question: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?

answer: Sir James Pennethorne.

text: Sir James Pennethorne.

question: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?

answer: Edward Blore

text: Edward Blore

question: Who built the new wing?

answer: Thomas Cubitt

text: Thomas Cubitt

question: What is considered the public face of the palace?

answer: The large East Front

text: The large East Front

question: What other wing was built during this time?

answer: The ballroom wing

text: The ballroom wing

question: Which of Nash's students designed The Ballroom?

answer: Sir James Pennethorne

text: Sir James Pennethorne


text: Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focus on Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups and Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. "Y-DNA" is passed solely along the patrilineal line, from father to son, while "mtDNA" is passed down the matrilineal line, from mother to offspring of both sexes. Neither recombines, and thus Y-DNA and mtDNA change only by chance mutation at each generation with no intermixture between parents' genetic material. Autosomal "atDNA" markers are also used, but differ from mtDNA or Y-DNA in that they overlap significantly. AtDNA is generally used to measure the average continent-of-ancestry genetic admixture in the entire human genome and related isolated populations.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Genetic

text: history

text: of

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: primarily

text: focus

text: on

text: Human

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: DNA

text: haplogroups

text: and

text: Human

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: haplogroups

text: Y

text: DNA

text: is

text: passed

text: solely

text: along

text: the

text: patrilineal

text: line

text: from

text: father

text: to

text: son

text: while

text: mtDNA

text: is

text: passed

text: down

text: the

text: matrilineal

text: line

text: from

text: mother

text: to

text: offspring

text: of

text: both

text: sexes

text: Neither

text: recombines

text: and

text: thus

text: Y

text: DNA

text: and

text: mtDNA

text: change

text: only

text: by

text: chance

text: mutation

text: at

text: each

text: generation

text: with

text: no

text: intermixture

text: between

text: parents

text: genetic

text: material

text: Autosomal

text: atDNA

text: markers

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: but

text: differ

text: from

text: mtDNA

text: or

text: Y

text: DNA

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: overlap

text: significantly

text: AtDNA

text: is

text: generally

text: used

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: average

text: continent

text: of

text: ancestry

text: genetic

text: admixture

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: human

text: genome

text: and

text: related

text: isolated

text: populations

question: What does the genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focus on?

answer: Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups

text: Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups

question: How is Y-DNA passed along?

answer: patrilineal line

text: patrilineal line

question: What is the only way that Y-DNA and mtDNA change?

answer: chance mutation

text: chance mutation

question: Which type of DNA is passed from the mother to offspring of both genders?

answer: mtDNA

text: mtDNA

question: What is AtDNA generally only used to measure?

answer: average continent-of-ancestry

text: average continent-of-ancestry


text: Krispy Kreme, an international chain of doughnut stores, was started in North Carolina; the company's headquarters are in Winston-Salem. Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern. A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury. Despite its name, the hot sauce Texas Pete was created in North Carolina; its headquarters are also in Winston-Salem. The Hardee's fast-food chain was started in Rocky Mount. Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there. A popular North Carolina restaurant chain is Golden Corral. Started in 1973, the chain was founded in Fayetteville, with headquarters located in Raleigh. Popular pickle brand Mount Olive Pickle Company was founded in Mount Olive in 1926. Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers, Shakes & Fries also makes its home in Mount Olive. Cook Out, a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers, hot dogs, and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors, was founded in Greensboro in 1989 and has begun expanding outside of North Carolina. In 2013, Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South's "Tastiest City."

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: Krispy

text: Kreme

text: an

text: international

text: chain

text: of

text: doughnut

text: stores

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: in

text: Winston

text: Salem

text: Pepsi

text: Cola

text: was

text: first

text: produced

text: in

text: in

text: New

text: Bern

text: A

text: regional

text: soft

text: drink

text: Cheerwine

text: was

text: created

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Salisbury

text: Despite

text: its

text: name

text: the

text: hot

text: sauce

text: Texas

text: Pete

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: its

text: headquarters

text: are

text: also

text: in

text: Winston

text: Salem

text: The

text: Hardee

text: 's

text: fast

text: food

text: chain

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: Rocky

text: Mount

text: Another

text: fast

text: food

text: chain

text: Bojangles

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: Charlotte

text: and

text: has

text: its

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: there

text: A

text: popular

text: North

text: Carolina

text: restaurant

text: chain

text: is

text: Golden

text: Corral

text: Started

text: in

text: the

text: chain

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Fayetteville

text: with

text: headquarters

text: located

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: Popular

text: pickle

text: brand

text: Mount

text: Olive

text: Pickle

text: Company

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Mount

text: Olive

text: in

text: Fast

text: casual

text: burger

text: chain

text: Hwy

text: Burgers

text: Shakes

text: Fries

text: also

text: makes

text: its

text: home

text: in

text: Mount

text: Olive

text: Cook

text: Out

text: a

text: popular

text: fast

text: food

text: chain

text: featuring

text: burgers

text: hot

text: dogs

text: and

text: milkshakes

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: flavors

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Greensboro

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: begun

text: expanding

text: outside

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: In

text: Southern

text: Living

text: named

text: Durham

text: Chapel

text: Hill

text: the

text: South

text: 's

text: Tastiest

text: City

question: Krispy kreme is a chain of what kind of stores?

answer: doughnut

text: doughnut

question: Where is the Krispy kreme headquarters?

answer: Winston-Salem

text: Winston-Salem

question: When was pepsi-Cola first produced?

answer: 1898

question: Where was pepsi first produced?

answer: New Bern

text: New Bern

question: What city was Cheerwine created and based in?

answer: Salisbury

text: Salisbury


text: In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a domestic scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced and sold by European monasteries. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, and domestic manufacture ceased to be significant by the end of the 19th century. The development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process and greater knowledge of the results.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: In

text: William

text: IV

text: Duke

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: adopted

text: the

text: Reinheitsgebot

text: purity

text: law

text: perhaps

text: the

text: oldest

text: food

text: quality

text: regulation

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: according

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: only

text: allowed

text: ingredients

text: of

text: beer

text: are

text: water

text: hops

text: and

text: barley

text: malt

text: Beer

text: produced

text: before

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: and

text: sold

text: on

text: a

text: domestic

text: scale

text: although

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: beer

text: was

text: also

text: being

text: produced

text: and

text: sold

text: by

text: European

text: monasteries

text: During

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: beer

text: moved

text: from

text: artisanal

text: manufacture

text: to

text: industrial

text: manufacture

text: and

text: domestic

text: manufacture

text: ceased

text: to

text: be

text: significant

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: hydrometers

text: and

text: thermometers

text: changed

text: brewing

text: by

text: allowing

text: the

text: brewer

text: more

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: greater

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: results

question: In what year did William IV adopt a purity law pertaining to beer?

answer: 1516

question: What was the title of William IV in 1516?

answer: Duke of Bavaria

text: Duke of Bavaria

question: What was the name of the purity law that regulated beer in 1516, and is still in use today?

answer: Reinheitsgebot

text: Reinheitsgebot

question: Aside from water and hops, what is the only other ingredient allowed in beer?

answer: barley-malt

text: barley-malt

question: Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516?

answer: William IV

text: William IV


text: Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Beginning

text: with

text: its

text: incorporation

text: in

text: Detroit

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: mayors

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: last

text: mayor

text: from

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: was

text: Louis

text: Miriani

text: who

text: served

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: elected

text: its

text: first

text: black

text: mayor

text: Coleman

text: Young

text: Despite

text: development

text: efforts

text: his

text: combative

text: style

text: during

text: his

text: five

text: terms

text: in

text: office

text: was

text: not

text: well

text: received

text: by

text: many

text: suburban

text: residents

text: Mayor

text: Dennis

text: Archer

text: a

text: former

text: Michigan

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Justice

text: refocused

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: attention

text: on

text: redevelopment

text: with

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: permit

text: three

text: casinos

text: downtown

text: By

text: three

text: major

text: casino

text: resort

text: hotels

text: established

text: operations

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: When was Detroit incorporated?

answer: 1802

question: How many mayors has Detroit had?

answer: 74

question: Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?

answer: Louis Miriani

text: Louis Miriani

question: Who was Detroit's first black mayor?

answer: Coleman Young

text: Coleman Young

question: What was Dennis Archer's former occupation?

answer: Supreme Court Justice

text: Supreme Court Justice


text: A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: players

text: may

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: substitutes

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: The

text: maximum

text: number

text: of

text: substitutions

text: permitted

text: in

text: most

text: competitive

text: international

text: and

text: domestic

text: league

text: games

text: is

text: three

text: though

text: the

text: permitted

text: number

text: may

text: vary

text: in

text: other

text: competitions

text: or

text: in

text: friendly

text: matches

text: Common

text: reasons

text: for

text: a

text: substitution

text: include

text: injury

text: tiredness

text: ineffectiveness

text: a

text: tactical

text: switch

text: or

text: timewasting

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: finely

text: poised

text: game

text: In

text: standard

text: adult

text: matches

text: a

text: player

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: substituted

text: may

text: not

text: take

text: further

text: part

text: in

text: a

text: match

text: IFAB

text: recommends

text: that

text: a

text: match

text: should

text: not

text: continue

text: if

text: there

text: are

text: fewer

text: than

text: seven

text: players

text: in

text: either

text: team

text: Any

text: decision

text: regarding

text: points

text: awarded

text: for

text: abandoned

text: games

text: is

text: left

text: to

text: the

text: individual

text: football

text: associations

question: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?

answer: substitutes

text: substitutes

question: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?

answer: individual football associations

text: individual football associations


text: In the diffuse-porous woods, the demarcation between rings is not always so clear and in some cases is almost (if not entirely) invisible to the unaided eye. Conversely, when there is a clear demarcation there may not be a noticeable difference in structure within the growth ring.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: the

text: diffuse

text: porous

text: woods

text: the

text: demarcation

text: between

text: rings

text: is

text: not

text: always

text: so

text: clear

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: is

text: almost

text: if

text: not

text: entirely

text: invisible

text: to

text: the

text: unaided

text: eye

text: Conversely

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: clear

text: demarcation

text: there

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: a

text: noticeable

text: difference

text: in

text: structure

text: within

text: the

text: growth

text: ring

question: What kind of wood often has ring divisions that can't even be seen by looking at it?

answer: diffuse-porous

text: diffuse-porous

question: In diffuse-porous woods, if the demarcation between rings is obvious, what type of difference within the ring might not be?

answer: structure

text: structure

question: What adjective describes how our eyes function without a tool like a microscope to help?

answer: unaided

text: unaided


text: Some critics express the opinion that it is only from the mid-19th century, and especially in the 20th century, that the score began to hold such a high significance. Previously, improvisation (in preludes, cadenzas and ornaments), rhythmic flexibility (e.g., tempo rubato), improvisatory deviation from the score and oral tradition of playing was integral to the style. Yet in the 20th century, this oral tradition and passing on of stylistic features within classical music disappeared. Instead, musicians tend to use just the score to play music. Yet, even with the score providing the key elements of the music, there is considerable controversy about how to perform the works. Some of this controversy relates to the fact that this score-centric approach has led to performances that emphasize metrically strict block-rhythms (just as the music is notated in the score).

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Some

text: critics

text: express

text: the

text: opinion

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: the

text: score

text: began

text: to

text: hold

text: such

text: a

text: high

text: significance

text: Previously

text: improvisation

text: in

text: preludes

text: cadenzas

text: and

text: ornaments

text: rhythmic

text: flexibility

text: e.g.

text: tempo

text: rubato

text: improvisatory

text: deviation

text: from

text: the

text: score

text: and

text: oral

text: tradition

text: of

text: playing

text: was

text: integral

text: to

text: the

text: style

text: Yet

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: this

text: oral

text: tradition

text: and

text: passing

text: on

text: of

text: stylistic

text: features

text: within

text: classical

text: music

text: disappeared

text: Instead

text: musicians

text: tend

text: to

text: use

text: just

text: the

text: score

text: to

text: play

text: music

text: Yet

text: even

text: with

text: the

text: score

text: providing

text: the

text: key

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: there

text: is

text: considerable

text: controversy

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: perform

text: the

text: works

text: Some

text: of

text: this

text: controversy

text: relates

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: this

text: score

text: centric

text: approach

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: performances

text: that

text: emphasize

text: metrically

text: strict

text: block

text: rhythms

text: just

text: as

text: the

text: music

text: is

text: notated

text: in

text: the

text: score

question: Improvisation is integral before what took a high significance?

answer: the score

text: the score

question: When did oral tradition disappear?

answer: the 20th century

text: the 20th century

question: There is still controversy about how to perform works, even though scores provide what?

answer: key elements of the music

text: key elements of the music

question: A score-centric approach strictly emphasizes what?

answer: block-rhythms

text: block-rhythms


text: The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop. Some scholars would extend the beginning of the period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political games that have come to be associated with the Victorians—back five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Victorian

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: reign

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: January

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: prosperity

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: people

text: as

text: profits

text: gained

text: from

text: the

text: overseas

text: British

text: Empire

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: from

text: industrial

text: improvements

text: at

text: home

text: allowed

text: a

text: large

text: educated

text: middle

text: class

text: to

text: develop

text: Some

text: scholars

text: would

text: extend

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: sensibilities

text: and

text: political

text: games

text: that

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Victorians

text: back

text: five

text: years

text: to

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Reform

text: Act

question: What was the Victorian era of the United Kingdom?

answer: the period of Queen Victoria's reign

text: the period of Queen Victoria's reign

question: Through what Period did Queen Victoria reign?

answer: 1837 to January 1901

text: 1837 to January 1901

question: What did the people consider Queen Victoria reign to be?

answer: a long period of prosperity for the British people

text: a long period of prosperity for the British people

question: How far back would some scholars extend Victoria's reign?

answer: five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.

text: five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.


text: On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender. He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build "separate-but-equal" workplaces. In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy. The company stated that this would give IBM a competitive advantage because IBM would then be able to hire talented people its competitors would turn down.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: On

text: September

text: Thomas

text: Watson

text: Jr.

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: president

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: sent

text: out

text: a

text: controversial

text: letter

text: to

text: all

text: IBM

text: employees

text: stating

text: that

text: IBM

text: needed

text: to

text: hire

text: the

text: best

text: people

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: race

text: ethnic

text: origin

text: or

text: gender

text: He

text: also

text: publicized

text: the

text: policy

text: so

text: that

text: in

text: his

text: negotiations

text: to

text: build

text: new

text: manufacturing

text: plants

text: with

text: the

text: governors

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: South

text: he

text: could

text: be

text: clear

text: that

text: IBM

text: would

text: not

text: build

text: separate

text: but

text: equal

text: workplaces

text: In

text: IBM

text: added

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: to

text: its

text: nondiscrimination

text: policy

text: The

text: company

text: stated

text: that

text: this

text: would

text: give

text: IBM

text: a

text: competitive

text: advantage

text: because

text: IBM

text: would

text: then

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: hire

text: talented

text: people

text: its

text: competitors

text: would

text: turn

text: down

question: What date did Thomas Watson, Jr. send out a letter about IBM hiring the best people regardless of race, gender, or origin?

answer: September 21, 1953

text: September 21, 1953

question: IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.?

answer: the U.S. South

text: the U.S. South

question: What kind of workplaces did IBM commit to not building?

answer: separate-but-equal

text: separate-but-equal

question: IBM expanded their nondiscrimination policy in 1984 to include what?

answer: sexual orientation

text: sexual orientation

question: In what year did IBM add sexual orientation to their nondiscrimination policy?

answer: 1984


text: Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Anita

text: Baker

text: Sade

text: Regina

text: Belle

text: and

text: Luther

text: Vandross

text: are

text: other

text: examples

text: of

text: artists

text: who

text: appeal

text: to

text: mainstream

text: AC

text: urban

text: AC

text: and

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: listeners

text: Some

text: soft

text: AC

text: and

text: urban

text: AC

text: stations

text: like

text: to

text: play

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: on

text: the

text: weekends

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: Smooth

text: Jazz

text: format

text: has

text: been

text: renamed

text: to

text: Smooth

text: AC

text: as

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: lure

text: younger

text: listeners

question: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?

answer: mainstream AC

text: mainstream AC

question: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?

answer: smooth jazz

text: smooth jazz

question: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?

answer: the weekends

text: the weekends

question: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?

answer: Smooth AC

text: Smooth AC

question: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?

answer: to lure younger listeners

text: to lure younger listeners


text: In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracense near Augusta Raurica. The Empire built another line of defense at the north border (the so-called Donau-Iller-Rhine-Limes), but at the end of the fourth century the increased Germanic pressure forced the Romans to abandon the linear defence concept, and the Swiss plateau was finally open to the settlement of German tribes.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: In

text: about

text: AD

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Agri

text: Decumates

text: territory

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: transformed

text: today

text: 's

text: Switzerland

text: into

text: a

text: frontier

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: Repeated

text: raids

text: by

text: the

text: Alamanni

text: tribes

text: provoked

text: the

text: ruin

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: towns

text: and

text: economy

text: forcing

text: the

text: population

text: to

text: find

text: shelter

text: near

text: Roman

text: fortresses

text: like

text: the

text: Castrum

text: Rauracense

text: near

text: Augusta

text: Raurica

text: The

text: Empire

text: built

text: another

text: line

text: of

text: defense

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: border

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Donau

text: Iller

text: Rhine

text: Limes

text: but

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: century

text: the

text: increased

text: Germanic

text: pressure

text: forced

text: the

text: Romans

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: linear

text: defence

text: concept

text: and

text: the

text: Swiss

text: plateau

text: was

text: finally

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: German

text: tribes

question: In what year did the fall of the Agri Decumates territory transform today's Switzerland?

answer: about 260 AD

text: about 260 AD

question: In about 260 AD, what forced the people of Roman towns to find shelter in Roman fortresses?

answer: raids by the Alamanni tribes

text: raids by the Alamanni tribes

question: What was the name of the concept used by the Roman Empire when building another line of defense at the north border?

answer: the linear defence concept

text: the linear defence concept

question: What increased pressure forced the Romans to abandon their line of defense concept at the end of the 4th century?

answer: Germanic

text: Germanic

question: Who was allowed to settle on the Swiss plateau by the end of the 4th century?

answer: German tribes

text: German tribes


text: Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Sporadic

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: subject

text: matter

text: occurred

text: subsequently

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: use

text: by

text: Étienne

text: Serres

text: in

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: natural

text: history

text: or

text: paleontology

text: of

text: man

text: based

text: on

text: comparative

text: anatomy

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: chair

text: in

text: anthropology

text: and

text: ethnography

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: France

text: by

text: Jean

text: Louis

text: Armand

text: de

text: Quatrefages

text: de

text: Bréau

text: Various

text: short

text: lived

text: organizations

text: of

text: anthropologists

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: formed

text: The

text: Société

text: Ethnologique

text: de

text: Paris

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: Ethnology

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: Its

text: members

text: were

text: primarily

text: anti

text: slavery

text: activists

text: When

text: slavery

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Société

text: was

text: abandoned

question: Who used the term anthropology to describe the natural history of man?

answer: Étienne Serres

text: Étienne Serres

question: When was anthropology used as a term for comparative anatomy?

answer: 1838

question: When was a chair created for anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History?

answer: 1850

question: Where is the National Museum of Natural History located?

answer: France

text: France

question: What organization was formed by members whose primary objective was the abolishment of slavery?

answer: Société Ethnologique de Paris

text: Société Ethnologique de Paris


text: Concerning humanity as the image of Christ, English Dominican spirituality concentrated on the moral implications of image-bearing rather than the philosophical foundations of the imago Dei. The process of Christ's life, and the process of image-bearing, amends humanity to God's image. The idea of the "image of God" demonstrates both the ability of man to move toward God (as partakers in Christ's redeeming sacrifice), and that, on some level, man is always an image of God. As their love and knowledge of God grows and is sanctified by faith and experience, the image of God within man becomes ever more bright and clear.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Concerning

text: humanity

text: as

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: Christ

text: English

text: Dominican

text: spirituality

text: concentrated

text: on

text: the

text: moral

text: implications

text: of

text: image

text: bearing

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: philosophical

text: foundations

text: of

text: the

text: imago

text: Dei

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: image

text: bearing

text: amends

text: humanity

text: to

text: God

text: 's

text: image

text: The

text: idea

text: of

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: God

text: demonstrates

text: both

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: man

text: to

text: move

text: toward

text: God

text: as

text: partakers

text: in

text: Christ

text: 's

text: redeeming

text: sacrifice

text: and

text: that

text: on

text: some

text: level

text: man

text: is

text: always

text: an

text: image

text: of

text: God

text: As

text: their

text: love

text: and

text: knowledge

text: of

text: God

text: grows

text: and

text: is

text: sanctified

text: by

text: faith

text: and

text: experience

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: God

text: within

text: man

text: becomes

text: ever

text: more

text: bright

text: and

text: clear

question: What is man always seen as?

answer: an image of God

text: an image of God

question: What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?

answer: moral implications of image-bearing

text: moral implications of image-bearing

question: What amends humanity to God's life?

answer: The process of Christ's life

text: The process of Christ's life

question: The idea of the image of God allows man to do what?

answer: move toward God

text: move toward God


text: Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence of anthocyanins in white grape skin. It is these anthocyanins that are attracting the efforts of scientists to define their properties for human health. Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections.

title: Grape

title: Grape

text: Anthocyanins

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: polyphenolics

text: in

text: purple

text: grapes

text: whereas

text: i.e.

text: catechins

text: are

text: the

text: more

text: abundant

text: phenolic

text: in

text: white

text: varieties

text: Total

text: phenolic

text: content

text: a

text: laboratory

text: index

text: of

text: antioxidant

text: strength

text: is

text: higher

text: in

text: purple

text: varieties

text: due

text: almost

text: entirely

text: to

text: anthocyanin

text: density

text: in

text: purple

text: grape

text: skin

text: compared

text: to

text: absence

text: of

text: anthocyanins

text: in

text: white

text: grape

text: skin

text: It

text: is

text: these

text: anthocyanins

text: that

text: are

text: attracting

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: scientists

text: to

text: define

text: their

text: properties

text: for

text: human

text: health

text: Phenolic

text: content

text: of

text: grape

text: skin

text: varies

text: with

text: cultivar

text: soil

text: composition

text: climate

text: geographic

text: origin

text: and

text: cultivation

text: practices

text: or

text: exposure

text: to

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: fungal

text: infections

question: What are the most abundant polyphenolics in purple grapes?

answer: Anthocyanins

text: Anthocyanins

question: What is the laboratory index of antioxidant strength in grapes known as?

answer: Total phenolic content

text: Total phenolic content

question: What content of a grapes skin can be affected by soil composition, climate, and cultivation practices?

answer: Phenolic content

text: Phenolic content

question: Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes?

answer: anthocyanins

text: anthocyanins

question: What is the main phenolic in white grapes?

answer: flavan-3-ols


text: Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events)

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Macao

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Macau

text: on

text: May

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: had

text: traveled

text: to

text: Macau

text: A

text: ceremony

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: Macau

text: Fisherman

text: 's

text: Wharf

text: Afterward

text: the

text: torch

text: traveled

text: through

text: Macau

text: passing

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: landmarks

text: including

text: A

text: Ma

text: Temple

text: Macau

text: Tower

text: Ponte

text: Governador

text: Nobre

text: de

text: Carvalho

text: Ponte

text: de

text: Sai

text: Van

text: Macau

text: Cultural

text: Centre

text: Macau

text: Stadium

text: and

text: then

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Fisherman

text: 's

text: Wharf

text: for

text: the

text: closing

text: ceremony

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: route

text: near

text: Ruins

text: of

text: St.

text: Paul

text: 's

text: and

text: Taipa

text: was

text: shortened

text: due

text: to

text: large

text: crowds

text: of

text: supporters

text: blocking

text: narrow

text: streets

text: A

text: total

text: of

text: torchbearers

text: participated

text: in

text: this

text: event

text: including

text: casino

text: tycoon

text: Stanley

text: Ho

text: Leong

text: Hong

text: Man

text: and

text: Leong

text: Heng

text: Teng

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: last

text: torchbearer

text: in

text: the

text: relay

text: respectively

text: An

text: article

text: published

text: on

text: Macao

text: Daily

text: News

text: criticized

text: that

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: torchbearers

text: could

text: not

text: fully

text: represent

text: the

text: Macanese

text: and

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: too

text: many

text: non

text: athletes

text: among

text: the

text: torchbearers

text: some

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: torchbearers

text: of

text: other

text: sporting

text: events

question: When did the torch visit Macao?

answer: May 3

text: May 3

question: Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao?

answer: Macau Fisherman's Wharf

text: Macau Fisherman's Wharf

question: How many torchbearers participated in Macao?

answer: 120

question: Who was the first torchbearer in Macao?

answer: Leong Hong Man

text: Leong Hong Man

question: A newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers?

answer: athletes

text: athletes

question: When was the torch relay event held in Macao?

answer: May 3

text: May 3

question: How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao?

answer: 120

question: Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao?

answer: Leong Hong Man

text: Leong Hong Man

question: Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event?

answer: Stanley Ho.

text: Stanley Ho.

question: Which publication was unhappy with the amount of non-athlete torchbearers?

answer: Macao Daily News

text: Macao Daily News


text: Commercial CSP plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since 1985 the eventually 354 MW SEGS CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world. Other large CSP plants include the 150 MW Solnova Solar Power Station and the 100 MW Andasol solar power station, both in Spain. The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic plants. Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed, but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW, which are grid connected using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff. In 2013 solar generated less than 1% of the worlds total grid electricity.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Commercial

text: CSP

text: plants

text: were

text: first

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Since

text: the

text: eventually

text: MW

text: SEGS

text: CSP

text: installation

text: in

text: the

text: Mojave

text: Desert

text: of

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: solar

text: power

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Other

text: large

text: CSP

text: plants

text: include

text: the

text: MW

text: Solnova

text: Solar

text: Power

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: MW

text: Andasol

text: solar

text: power

text: station

text: both

text: in

text: Spain

text: The

text: MW

text: Agua

text: Caliente

text: Solar

text: Project

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: MW

text: Charanka

text: Solar

text: Park

text: in

text: India

text: are

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: largest

text: photovoltaic

text: plants

text: Solar

text: projects

text: exceeding

text: GW

text: are

text: being

text: developed

text: but

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: deployed

text: photovoltaics

text: are

text: in

text: small

text: rooftop

text: arrays

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: kW

text: which

text: are

text: grid

text: connected

text: using

text: net

text: metering

text: and/or

text: a

text: feed

text: in

text: tariff

text: In

text: solar

text: generated

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: worlds

text: total

text: grid

text: electricity

question: The largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert?

answer: the Mojave Desert

text: the Mojave Desert

question: Less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year?

answer: 2013

question: What is the largest solar power plant in the world?

answer: 354 MW SEGS CSP

text: 354 MW SEGS CSP

question: Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located?

answer: Mojave Desert of California

text: Mojave Desert of California

question: What are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants?

answer: The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India

text: The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India


text: Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as primus inter pares ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Constantine

text: 's

text: nephew

text: Julian

text: rejected

text: the

text: Galilean

text: madness

text: of

text: his

text: upbringing

text: for

text: an

text: idiosyncratic

text: synthesis

text: of

text: neo

text: Platonism

text: Stoic

text: asceticism

text: and

text: universal

text: solar

text: cult

text: Julian

text: became

text: Augustus

text: in

text: and

text: actively

text: but

text: vainly

text: fostered

text: a

text: religious

text: and

text: cultural

text: pluralism

text: attempting

text: a

text: restitution

text: of

text: non

text: Christian

text: practices

text: and

text: rights

text: He

text: proposed

text: the

text: rebuilding

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: 's

text: temple

text: as

text: an

text: Imperial

text: project

text: and

text: argued

text: against

text: the

text: irrational

text: impieties

text: of

text: Christian

text: doctrine

text: His

text: attempt

text: to

text: restore

text: an

text: Augustan

text: form

text: of

text: principate

text: with

text: himself

text: as

text: primus

text: inter

text: pares

text: ended

text: with

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: in

text: Persia

text: after

text: which

text: his

text: reforms

text: were

text: reversed

text: or

text: abandoned

text: The

text: empire

text: once

text: again

text: fell

text: under

text: Christian

text: control

text: this

text: time

text: permanently

question: Who rejected the Christian religion?

answer: Julian

text: Julian

question: When did Julian become Augustus?

answer: 361

question: What did Julian try to restore to the empire?

answer: non-Christian practices

text: non-Christian practices

question: What building did Julian want to rebuild?

answer: Jerusalem's temple

text: Jerusalem's temple

question: After Julian's death, under to what type of religion did the empire return?

answer: Christian control

text: Christian control


text: Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Generally

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: contact

text: and

text: exchange

text: that

text: have

text: existed

text: between

text: two

text: languages

text: or

text: between

text: those

text: languages

text: and

text: a

text: third

text: one

text: the

text: greater

text: is

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: metaphrase

text: to

text: paraphrase

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: translating

text: among

text: them

text: However

text: due

text: to

text: shifts

text: in

text: ecological

text: niches

text: of

text: words

text: a

text: common

text: etymology

text: is

text: sometimes

text: misleading

text: as

text: a

text: guide

text: to

text: current

text: meaning

text: in

text: one

text: or

text: the

text: other

text: language

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: English

text: actual

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: cognate

text: French

text: actuel

text: present

text: current

text: the

text: Polish

text: aktualny

text: present

text: current

text: topical

text: timely

text: feasible

text: the

text: Swedish

text: aktuell

text: topical

text: presently

text: of

text: importance

text: the

text: Russian

text: актуальный

text: urgent

text: topical

text: or

text: the

text: Dutch

text: actueel

question: A greater ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase can be used translating when there as been greater what between languages?

answer: contact and exchange

text: contact and exchange

question: What is a common etymology sometimes misleading as?

answer: guide to current meaning

text: guide to current meaning

question: What does the French "actuel" mean in English?

answer: present

text: present

question: How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Swedish?

answer: aktuell

text: aktuell

question: To indicate something is feasible in Polish, what word could be used?

answer: aktualny

text: aktualny


text: Before World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40 and I-44. It was also aided by federal development of Tinker Air Force Base.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Before

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: developed

text: major

text: stockyards

text: attracting

text: jobs

text: and

text: revenue

text: formerly

text: in

text: Chicago

text: and

text: Omaha

text: Nebraska

text: With

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: oil

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: including

text: under

text: the

text: State

text: Capitol

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: oil

text: production

text: Post

text: war

text: growth

text: accompanied

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Interstate

text: Highway

text: System

text: which

text: made

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: a

text: major

text: interchange

text: as

text: the

text: convergence

text: of

text: and

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: aided

text: by

text: federal

text: development

text: of

text: Tinker

text: Air

text: Force

text: Base

question: When was oil discovered in the city limits?

answer: 1928

question: What routes used Oklahoma City as a major route change?

answer: I-35, I-40 and I-44

text: I-35, I-40 and I-44


text: The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: television

text: station

text: NDtv

text: grew

text: from

text: one

text: show

text: in

text: to

text: a

text: full

text: channel

text: with

text: original

text: programming

text: by

text: September

text: WSND

text: FM

text: serves

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: and

text: larger

text: South

text: Bend

text: community

text: at

text: FM

text: offering

text: students

text: a

text: chance

text: to

text: become

text: involved

text: in

text: bringing

text: classical

text: music

text: fine

text: arts

text: and

text: educational

text: programming

text: and

text: alternative

text: rock

text: to

text: the

text: airwaves

text: Another

text: radio

text: station

text: WVFI

text: began

text: as

text: a

text: partner

text: of

text: WSND

text: FM

text: More

text: recently

text: however

text: WVFI

text: has

text: been

text: airing

text: independently

text: and

text: is

text: streamed

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

question: Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame?

answer: NDtv

text: NDtv

question: How many programs did NDtv feature in 2002?

answer: one show

text: one show

question: Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM?

answer: WSND-FM

text: WSND-FM

question: Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream?

answer: WVFI

text: WVFI


text: Elevator doors protect riders from falling into the shaft. The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally. In a cascading telescopic configuration (potentially allowing wider entryways within limited space), the doors roll on independent tracks so that while open, they are tucked behind one another, and while closed, they form cascading layers on one side. This can be configured so that two sets of such cascading doors operate like the center opening doors described above, allowing for a very wide elevator cab. In less expensive installations the elevator can also use one large "slab" door: a single panel door the width of the doorway that opens to the left or right laterally. Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Elevator

text: doors

text: protect

text: riders

text: from

text: falling

text: into

text: the

text: shaft

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: configuration

text: is

text: to

text: have

text: two

text: panels

text: that

text: meet

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: and

text: slide

text: open

text: laterally

text: In

text: a

text: cascading

text: telescopic

text: configuration

text: potentially

text: allowing

text: wider

text: entryways

text: within

text: limited

text: space

text: the

text: doors

text: roll

text: on

text: independent

text: tracks

text: so

text: that

text: while

text: open

text: they

text: are

text: tucked

text: behind

text: one

text: another

text: and

text: while

text: closed

text: they

text: form

text: cascading

text: layers

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: This

text: can

text: be

text: configured

text: so

text: that

text: two

text: sets

text: of

text: such

text: cascading

text: doors

text: operate

text: like

text: the

text: center

text: opening

text: doors

text: described

text: above

text: allowing

text: for

text: a

text: very

text: wide

text: elevator

text: cab

text: In

text: less

text: expensive

text: installations

text: the

text: elevator

text: can

text: also

text: use

text: one

text: large

text: slab

text: door

text: a

text: single

text: panel

text: door

text: the

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: doorway

text: that

text: opens

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: or

text: right

text: laterally

text: Some

text: buildings

text: have

text: elevators

text: with

text: the

text: single

text: door

text: on

text: the

text: shaft

text: way

text: and

text: double

text: cascading

text: doors

text: on

text: the

text: cab

question: How do most elevator doors work?

answer: have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally

text: have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally

question: What is a single panel door referred to as?

answer: "slab" door

text: "slab" door

question: What design allows wider entryways within limited space?

answer: a cascading telescopic configuration

text: a cascading telescopic configuration

question: The single door is sometimes located where?

answer: on the shaft way

text: on the shaft way

question: What do elevator doors protect riders from?

answer: falling into the shaft

text: falling into the shaft