text: In All Life is Problem Solving, Popper sought to explain the apparent progress of scientific knowledge – that is, how it is that our understanding of the universe seems to improve over time. This problem arises from his position that the truth content of our theories, even the best of them, cannot be verified by scientific testing, but can only be falsified. Again, in this context the word "falsified" does not refer to something being "fake"; rather, that something can be (i.e., is capable of being) shown to be false by observation or experiment. Some things simply do not lend themselves to being shown to be false, and therefore, are not falsifiable. If so, then how is it that the growth of science appears to result in a growth in knowledge? In Popper's view, the advance of scientific knowledge is an evolutionary process characterised by his formula:

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: In

text: All

text: Life

text: is

text: Problem

text: Solving

text: Popper

text: sought

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: apparent

text: progress

text: of

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: that

text: is

text: how

text: it

text: is

text: that

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: seems

text: to

text: improve

text: over

text: time

text: This

text: problem

text: arises

text: from

text: his

text: position

text: that

text: the

text: truth

text: content

text: of

text: our

text: theories

text: even

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: them

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: verified

text: by

text: scientific

text: testing

text: but

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: falsified

text: Again

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: the

text: word

text: falsified

text: does

text: not

text: refer

text: to

text: something

text: being

text: fake

text: rather

text: that

text: something

text: can

text: be

text: i.e.

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: by

text: observation

text: or

text: experiment

text: Some

text: things

text: simply

text: do

text: not

text: lend

text: themselves

text: to

text: being

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: not

text: falsifiable

text: If

text: so

text: then

text: how

text: is

text: it

text: that

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: science

text: appears

text: to

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: growth

text: in

text: knowledge

text: In

text: Popper

text: 's

text: view

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: is

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: process

text: characterised

text: by

text: his

text: formula

question: Which of Popper's works addresses the improvement of scientific understanding of the world over time?

answer: All Life is Problem Solving

text: All Life is Problem Solving

question: Popper described the growth of scientific understanding as what kind of process?

answer: evolutionary

text: evolutionary

question: What aspect of a scientific theory can never be fully verified, according to Popper?

answer: truth content

text: truth content


text: 14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: Portuguese

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: national

text: communication

text: during

text: centuries

text: of

text: colonial

text: rule

text: speak

text: Kriol

text: a

text: Portuguese

text: based

text: creole

text: language

text: which

text: is

text: effectively

text: a

text: national

text: language

text: of

text: communication

text: among

text: groups

text: The

text: remainder

text: speak

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: native

text: African

text: languages

text: unique

text: to

text: ethnicities

question: What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?

answer: 44%

question: What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?

answer: centuries

text: centuries

question: What type of language is Kriol?

answer: a Portuguese-based creole language

text: a Portuguese-based creole language


text: On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not "state" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands, a gift she had received from Mother Teresa. Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate, Althorp, on a private island.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: On

text: Saturday

text: September

text: the

text: formal

text: though

text: not

text: state

text: Funeral

text: of

text: Diana

text: Princess

text: of

text: Wales

text: was

text: held

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: royal

text: ceremonial

text: funeral

text: including

text: royal

text: pageantry

text: and

text: Anglican

text: funeral

text: liturgy

text: A

text: Second

text: Public

text: service

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: Sunday

text: at

text: the

text: demand

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: The

text: burial

text: occurred

text: privately

text: later

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: Diana

text: 's

text: former

text: husband

text: sons

text: mother

text: siblings

text: a

text: close

text: friend

text: and

text: a

text: clergyman

text: were

text: present

text: Diana

text: 's

text: body

text: was

text: clothed

text: in

text: a

text: black

text: long

text: sleeved

text: dress

text: designed

text: by

text: Catherine

text: Walker

text: which

text: she

text: had

text: chosen

text: some

text: weeks

text: before

text: A

text: set

text: of

text: rosary

text: beads

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: her

text: hands

text: a

text: gift

text: she

text: had

text: received

text: from

text: Mother

text: Teresa

text: Her

text: grave

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: her

text: family

text: estate

text: Althorp

text: on

text: a

text: private

text: island.[citation

text: needed

question: When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?

answer: Saturday September 6, 1997

text: Saturday September 6, 1997

question: When was a second public service held for Princess Diana?

answer: Sunday

text: Sunday

question: Who designed Diana's dress?

answer: Catherine Walker

text: Catherine Walker

question: Who gave Diana the rosary beads?

answer: Mother Teresa

text: Mother Teresa


text: In mid-2004 Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. In November 2004, she was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as one of its five founding members, along with The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Bob Marley, and U2. In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" at Tsunami Aid. She also performed at the Live 8 benefit concert in London in July 2005.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: In

text: Madonna

text: embarked

text: on

text: the

text: Re

text: Invention

text: World

text: Tour

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Canada

text: and

text: Europe

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: tour

text: of

text: earning

text: around

text: million

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: her

text: documentary

text: I

text: 'm

text: Going

text: to

text: Tell

text: You

text: a

text: Secret

text: In

text: November

text: she

text: was

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: UK

text: Music

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: five

text: founding

text: members

text: along

text: with

text: The

text: Beatles

text: Elvis

text: Presley

text: Bob

text: Marley

text: and

text: In

text: January

text: Madonna

text: performed

text: a

text: cover

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: John

text: Lennon

text: song

text: Imagine

text: at

text: Tsunami

text: Aid

text: She

text: also

text: performed

text: at

text: the

text: Live

text: benefit

text: concert

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: July

question: When was the Re-Invention World Tour kick off?

answer: mid-2004

question: HOw much did the tour earn?

answer: around $120 million

text: around $120 million

question: What was Madonna's documentary called?

answer: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret

text: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret

question: When was Madonna inducted into the UK Hall of Fame?

answer: November 2004

text: November 2004

question: When did Madonna perform at the Live 8 benefit concert in the UK?

answer: July 2005.

text: July 2005.


text: A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: A

text: combination

text: of

text: urban

text: and

text: suburban

text: development

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: is

text: generally

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: area

text: west

text: of

text: Western

text: Tucson

text: encompasses

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: the

text: Tucson

text: Mountains

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: International

text: Wildlife

text: Museum

text: Sentinel

text: Peak

text: and

text: the

text: Marriott

text: Starr

text: Pass

text: Resort

text: Spa

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: wealthy

text: enclave

text: known

text: as

text: Starr

text: Pass

text: Moving

text: past

text: the

text: Tucson

text: Mountains

text: travelers

text: find

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: west

text: of

text: Tucson

text: or

text: Old

text: West

text: Tucson

text: A

text: large

text: undulating

text: plain

text: extending

text: south

text: into

text: the

text: Altar

text: Valley

text: rural

text: residential

text: development

text: predominates

text: but

text: here

text: you

text: will

text: also

text: find

text: major

text: attractions

text: including

text: Saguaro

text: National

text: Park

text: West

text: the

text: Arizona

text: Sonora

text: Desert

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Old

text: Tucson

text: Studios

text: movie

text: set

text: theme

text: park

question: What interstate is the West side west of?

answer: I-10

question: What is the name of the movie set in Old West Tuscon?

answer: Old Tucson Studios

text: Old Tucson Studios

question: What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon?

answer: Saguaro National Park West

text: Saguaro National Park West

question: What is the museum in Old West Tuscon?

answer: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum

text: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum

question: The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where?

answer: Starr Pass

text: Starr Pass

question: What part of Tucson is considered the West Side?

answer: the area west of I-10

text: the area west of I-10

question: What museum is in Western Tucson?

answer: International Wildlife Museum

text: International Wildlife Museum

question: What resort is in Western Tucson?

answer: Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa

text: Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa

question: What neighborhood is the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa in?

answer: Starr Pass

text: Starr Pass

question: What theme park is in Old West Tucson?

answer: Old Tucson Studios

text: Old Tucson Studios


text: In a 'Letter to American People' written by Osama bin Laden in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue. While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence. An investigation in 2002 unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates were prospering in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit approval of Pakistan's National Intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence. A team of Special Air Service and Delta Force was sent into Indian-administered Kashmir in 2002 to hunt for Osama bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, signed al-Qaeda's 1998 declaration of holy war, which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies. Indian sources claimed that In 2006, Al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government. India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense secretary Robert Gates stated that Al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: a

text: Letter

text: to

text: American

text: People

text: written

text: by

text: Osama

text: bin

text: Laden

text: in

text: he

text: stated

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reasons

text: he

text: was

text: fighting

text: America

text: is

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: support

text: of

text: India

text: on

text: the

text: Kashmir

text: issue

text: While

text: on

text: a

text: trip

text: to

text: Delhi

text: in

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: Donald

text: Rumsfeld

text: suggested

text: that

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: was

text: active

text: in

text: Kashmir

text: though

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: hard

text: evidence

text: An

text: investigation

text: in

text: unearthed

text: evidence

text: that

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: and

text: its

text: affiliates

text: were

text: prospering

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: administered

text: Kashmir

text: with

text: tacit

text: approval

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: agency

text: Inter

text: Services

text: Intelligence

text: A

text: team

text: of

text: Special

text: Air

text: Service

text: and

text: Delta

text: Force

text: was

text: sent

text: into

text: Indian

text: administered

text: Kashmir

text: in

text: to

text: hunt

text: for

text: Osama

text: bin

text: Laden

text: after

text: reports

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: being

text: sheltered

text: by

text: the

text: Kashmiri

text: militant

text: group

text: Harkat

text: ul

text: Mujahideen

text: U.S.

text: officials

text: believed

text: that

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: was

text: helping

text: organize

text: a

text: campaign

text: of

text: terror

text: in

text: Kashmir

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: provoke

text: conflict

text: between

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: Fazlur

text: Rehman

text: Khalil

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Harkat

text: ul

text: Mujahideen

text: signed

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: 's

text: declaration

text: of

text: holy

text: war

text: which

text: called

text: on

text: Muslims

text: to

text: attack

text: all

text: Americans

text: and

text: their

text: allies

text: Indian

text: sources

text: claimed

text: that

text: In

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: claimed

text: they

text: had

text: established

text: a

text: wing

text: in

text: Kashmir

text: this

text: worried

text: the

text: Indian

text: government

text: India

text: also

text: claimed

text: that

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: has

text: strong

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: Kashmir

text: militant

text: groups

text: Lashkar

text: e

text: Taiba

text: and

text: Jaish

text: e

text: Mohammed

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: While

text: on

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: January

text: U.S.

text: Defense

text: secretary

text: Robert

text: Gates

text: stated

text: that

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: was

text: seeking

text: to

text: destabilize

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: planning

text: to

text: provoke

text: a

text: nuclear

text: war

text: between

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

question: Who wrote 'Letter to American People' in 2002?

answer: Osama bin Laden

text: Osama bin Laden

question: Who was the US Secretary of Defense in 2002?

answer: Donald Rumsfeld

text: Donald Rumsfeld

question: Which group did Rumsfeld think was active in Kashmir?

answer: Al-Qaeda

text: Al-Qaeda

question: What teams hunted for Bin Laden in Kashmir in 2002?

answer: Special Air Service and Delta Force

text: Special Air Service and Delta Force

question: Who led the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen?

answer: Fazlur Rehman Khalil

text: Fazlur Rehman Khalil


text: At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: At

text: least

text: species

text: of

text: Iranian

text: wildlife

text: are

text: on

text: the

text: red

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Union

text: for

text: the

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Nature

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: serious

text: threats

text: against

text: the

text: country

text: ’s

text: biodiversity

text: The

text: Iranian

text: Parliament

text: has

text: been

text: showing

text: disregard

text: for

text: wildlife

text: by

text: passing

text: laws

text: and

text: regulations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: act

text: that

text: lets

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Industries

text: and

text: Mines

text: exploit

text: mines

text: without

text: the

text: involvement

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Environment

text: and

text: by

text: approving

text: large

text: national

text: development

text: projects

text: without

text: demanding

text: comprehensive

text: study

text: of

text: their

text: impact

text: on

text: wildlife

text: habitats

question: The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects?

answer: large national development projects

text: large national development projects

question: How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered?

answer: 74 species

text: 74 species

question: The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment?

answer: Ministry of Industries and Mines

text: Ministry of Industries and Mines

question: The Iranian Parliament passes legislation without the involvement of what department to the detriment of wildlife?

answer: Department of Environment

text: Department of Environment


text: In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a major turnover of members over the next decade. In June 1917, he released The Finished Mystery as a seventh volume of Russell's Studies in the Scriptures series. The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his commentaries on the Bible books of Ezekiel and Revelation, plus numerous additions by Bible Students Clayton Woodworth and George Fisher. It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War. As a result, Watch Tower Society directors were jailed for sedition under the Espionage Act in 1918 and members were subjected to mob violence; charges against the directors were dropped in 1920.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: 's

text: legal

text: representative

text: Joseph

text: Franklin

text: Rutherford

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: its

text: next

text: president

text: His

text: election

text: was

text: disputed

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Directors

text: accused

text: him

text: of

text: acting

text: in

text: an

text: autocratic

text: and

text: secretive

text: manner

text: The

text: divisions

text: between

text: his

text: supporters

text: and

text: opponents

text: triggered

text: a

text: major

text: turnover

text: of

text: members

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: decade

text: In

text: June

text: he

text: released

text: The

text: Finished

text: Mystery

text: as

text: a

text: seventh

text: volume

text: of

text: Russell

text: 's

text: Studies

text: in

text: the

text: Scriptures

text: series

text: The

text: book

text: published

text: as

text: the

text: posthumous

text: work

text: of

text: Russell

text: was

text: a

text: compilation

text: of

text: his

text: commentaries

text: on

text: the

text: Bible

text: books

text: of

text: Ezekiel

text: and

text: Revelation

text: plus

text: numerous

text: additions

text: by

text: Bible

text: Students

text: Clayton

text: Woodworth

text: and

text: George

text: Fisher

text: It

text: strongly

text: criticized

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Protestant

text: clergy

text: and

text: Christian

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: directors

text: were

text: jailed

text: for

text: sedition

text: under

text: the

text: Espionage

text: Act

text: in

text: and

text: members

text: were

text: subjected

text: to

text: mob

text: violence

text: charges

text: against

text: the

text: directors

text: were

text: dropped

text: in

question: Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917?

answer: Joseph Franklin Rutherford

text: Joseph Franklin Rutherford

question: When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery?

answer: June 1917,

text: June 1917,

question: What had Rutherford been before being elected the group's president?

answer: legal representative

text: legal representative

question: Who did the Finished Mystery strongly criticize?

answer: Catholic and Protestant clergy

text: Catholic and Protestant clergy

question: What were Watch Tower Society directors jailed for?

answer: sedition

text: sedition


text: Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize the combination of text and images, though there are prominent examples of pantomime comics throughout its history. Other critics, such as Thierry Groensteen and Scott McCloud, have emphasized the primacy of sequences of images. Towards the close of the 20th century, different cultures' discoveries of each other's comics traditions, the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms, and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Similar

text: to

text: the

text: problems

text: of

text: defining

text: literature

text: and

text: film

text: no

text: consensus

text: has

text: been

text: reached

text: on

text: a

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: comics

text: medium

text: and

text: attempted

text: definitions

text: and

text: descriptions

text: have

text: fallen

text: prey

text: to

text: numerous

text: exceptions

text: Theorists

text: such

text: as

text: Töpffer

text: R.

text: C.

text: Harvey

text: Will

text: Eisner

text: David

text: Carrier

text: Alain

text: Rey

text: and

text: Lawrence

text: Grove

text: emphasize

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: text

text: and

text: images

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: prominent

text: examples

text: of

text: pantomime

text: comics

text: throughout

text: its

text: history

text: Other

text: critics

text: such

text: as

text: Thierry

text: Groensteen

text: and

text: Scott

text: McCloud

text: have

text: emphasized

text: the

text: primacy

text: of

text: sequences

text: of

text: images

text: Towards

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: cultures

text: discoveries

text: of

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: comics

text: traditions

text: the

text: rediscovery

text: of

text: forgotten

text: early

text: comics

text: forms

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: new

text: forms

text: made

text: defining

text: comics

text: a

text: more

text: complicated

text: task

question: What has not been reached as far as defining comics is concerned?

answer: consensus

text: consensus

question: R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are considered to be comic what?

answer: Theorists

text: Theorists

question: What are there prominent examples of in comic history?

answer: pantomime comics

text: pantomime comics

question: Comic critics, such as McCloud, stressed that sequences of what should be primary?

answer: images

text: images

question: What century had forgotten comic forms rediscovered?

answer: 20th


text: In the mid-18th century, Paris became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity challenging traditional doctrines and dogmas. The philosophic movement was led by Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation. The political philosopher Montesquieu introduced the idea of a separation of powers in a government, a concept which was enthusiastically adopted by the authors of the United States Constitution. While the Philosophes of the French Enlightenment were not revolutionaries, and many were members of the nobility, their ideas played an important part in undermining the legitimacy of the Old Regime and shaping the French Revolution.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Paris

text: became

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: an

text: explosion

text: of

text: philosophic

text: and

text: scientific

text: activity

text: challenging

text: traditional

text: doctrines

text: and

text: dogmas

text: The

text: philosophic

text: movement

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: Voltaire

text: and

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: who

text: argued

text: for

text: a

text: society

text: based

text: upon

text: reason

text: rather

text: than

text: faith

text: and

text: Catholic

text: doctrine

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: civil

text: order

text: based

text: on

text: natural

text: law

text: and

text: for

text: science

text: based

text: on

text: experiments

text: and

text: observation

text: The

text: political

text: philosopher

text: Montesquieu

text: introduced

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: in

text: a

text: government

text: a

text: concept

text: which

text: was

text: enthusiastically

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: While

text: the

text: Philosophes

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Enlightenment

text: were

text: not

text: revolutionaries

text: and

text: many

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: their

text: ideas

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: in

text: undermining

text: the

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Regime

text: and

text: shaping

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

question: Which city in the mid-18th century became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Who were the two leaders of Paris' philosophic movement?

answer: Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau

text: Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau

question: Rousseau argued for a society based on what, rather than faith?

answer: reason

text: reason

question: Which philosopher introduced the idea of a separation of powers in government?

answer: Montesquieu

text: Montesquieu

question: Montesquieu's ideas were enthusiastically adopted by the authors of what American document?

answer: the United States Constitution

text: the United States Constitution


text: John inherited a sophisticated system of administration in England, with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household: the Chancery kept written records and communications; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice around the kingdom. Thanks to the efforts of men like Hubert Walter, this trend towards improved record keeping continued into his reign. Like previous kings, John managed a peripatetic court that travelled around the kingdom, dealing with both local and national matters as he went. John was very active in the administration of England and was involved in every aspect of government. In part he was following in the tradition of Henry I and Henry II, but by the 13th century the volume of administrative work had greatly increased, which put much more pressure on a king who wished to rule in this style. John was in England for much longer periods than his predecessors, which made his rule more personal than that of previous kings, particularly in previously ignored areas such as the north.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: inherited

text: a

text: sophisticated

text: system

text: of

text: administration

text: in

text: England

text: with

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: royal

text: agents

text: answering

text: to

text: the

text: Royal

text: Household

text: the

text: Chancery

text: kept

text: written

text: records

text: and

text: communications

text: the

text: Treasury

text: and

text: the

text: Exchequer

text: dealt

text: with

text: income

text: and

text: expenditure

text: respectively

text: and

text: various

text: judges

text: were

text: deployed

text: to

text: deliver

text: justice

text: around

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Thanks

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: men

text: like

text: Hubert

text: Walter

text: this

text: trend

text: towards

text: improved

text: record

text: keeping

text: continued

text: into

text: his

text: reign

text: Like

text: previous

text: kings

text: John

text: managed

text: a

text: peripatetic

text: court

text: that

text: travelled

text: around

text: the

text: kingdom

text: dealing

text: with

text: both

text: local

text: and

text: national

text: matters

text: as

text: he

text: went

text: John

text: was

text: very

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: every

text: aspect

text: of

text: government

text: In

text: part

text: he

text: was

text: following

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Henry

text: I

text: and

text: Henry

text: II

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: administrative

text: work

text: had

text: greatly

text: increased

text: which

text: put

text: much

text: more

text: pressure

text: on

text: a

text: king

text: who

text: wished

text: to

text: rule

text: in

text: this

text: style

text: John

text: was

text: in

text: England

text: for

text: much

text: longer

text: periods

text: than

text: his

text: predecessors

text: which

text: made

text: his

text: rule

text: more

text: personal

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: previous

text: kings

text: particularly

text: in

text: previously

text: ignored

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: north

question: What did John inherit in England?

answer: sophisticated system of administration

text: sophisticated system of administration

question: Who dealt with income and expenditure?

answer: the Treasury and the Exchequer

text: the Treasury and the Exchequer

question: John followed in the tradition of who?

answer: Henry I and Henry II

text: Henry I and Henry II


text: Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: city

text: government

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: city

text: council

text: with

text: representatives

text: from

text: nine

text: districts

text: serving

text: in

text: a

text: legislative

text: and

text: oversight

text: capacity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: popularly

text: elected

text: at

text: large

text: mayor

text: serving

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: Citizens

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: districts

text: elect

text: one

text: council

text: representative

text: each

text: to

text: serve

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: term

text: Beginning

text: with

text: the

text: November

text: election

text: Council

text: terms

text: was

text: lengthened

text: to

text: years

text: The

text: city

text: council

text: elects

text: from

text: among

text: its

text: members

text: one

text: member

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Council

text: President

text: and

text: one

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Council

text: Vice

text: President

text: The

text: city

text: council

text: meets

text: at

text: City

text: Hall

text: located

text: at

text: E.

text: Broad

text: St.

text: Floor

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: fourth

text: Mondays

text: of

text: every

text: month

text: except

text: August

question: How many representatives make up the Richmond city council?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch?

answer: mayor

text: mayor

question: How many years does the term of a Richmond city council representative last?

answer: four

text: four

question: On what day of the week does the city council meet?

answer: Mondays

text: Mondays

question: In what month does the city council not meet?

answer: August

text: August


text: Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Relationships

text: between

text: religious

text: groups

text: are

text: generally

text: amicable

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: concern

text: among

text: mainstream

text: Muslim

text: leaders[who

text: that

text: minority

text: religious

text: groups

text: undermine

text: national

text: unity

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: concern

text: for

text: religious

text: institutions

text: becoming

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: political

text: sphere

text: The

text: Islamic

text: Renaissance

text: Party

text: IRP

text: a

text: major

text: combatant

text: in

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: then

text: proponent

text: of

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: Islamic

text: state

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: constitutes

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: by

text: statute

text: Membership

text: in

text: Hizb

text: ut

text: Tahrir

text: a

text: militant

text: Islamic

text: party

text: which

text: today

text: aims

text: for

text: an

text: overthrow

text: of

text: secular

text: governments

text: and

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: Tajiks

text: under

text: one

text: Islamic

text: state

text: is

text: illegal

text: and

text: members

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: arrest

text: and

text: imprisonment

text: Numbers

text: of

text: large

text: mosques

text: appropriate

text: for

text: Friday

text: prayers

text: are

text: limited

text: and

text: some[who

text: feel

text: this

text: is

text: discriminatory

question: What type of religions concerns are there?

answer: minority religious groups undermine national unity

text: minority religious groups undermine national unity

question: What concerns for the religions institutions are there?

answer: a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere

text: a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere

question: What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?

answer: Hizb ut-Tahrir

text: Hizb ut-Tahrir

question: What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?

answer: aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state

text: aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state


text: Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, proclaimed his independence and began minting coins showing himself wearing a royal diadem and claiming kingship. He ruled until 238 BCE when Arsaces, the leader of the Parni tribe conquered Parthia, killing Andragoras and inaugurating the Arsacid Dynasty. Antiochus III recaptured Arsacid controlled territory in 209 BC from Arsaces II. Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I (168–165 BCE), that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Parthia

text: was

text: a

text: north

text: eastern

text: Iranian

text: satrapy

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: empire

text: which

text: later

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: empire

text: Under

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: Parthia

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: various

text: Greek

text: satraps

text: such

text: as

text: Nicanor

text: and

text: Philip

text: satrap

text: In

text: BC

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Antiochus

text: II

text: Theos

text: Andragoras

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: governor

text: of

text: Parthia

text: proclaimed

text: his

text: independence

text: and

text: began

text: minting

text: coins

text: showing

text: himself

text: wearing

text: a

text: royal

text: diadem

text: and

text: claiming

text: kingship

text: He

text: ruled

text: until

text: BCE

text: when

text: Arsaces

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Parni

text: tribe

text: conquered

text: Parthia

text: killing

text: Andragoras

text: and

text: inaugurating

text: the

text: Arsacid

text: Dynasty

text: Antiochus

text: III

text: recaptured

text: Arsacid

text: controlled

text: territory

text: in

text: BC

text: from

text: Arsaces

text: II

text: Arsaces

text: II

text: sued

text: for

text: peace

text: became

text: a

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Phraates

text: I

text: BCE

text: that

text: the

text: Arsacids

text: would

text: again

text: begin

text: to

text: assert

text: their

text: independence

question: When did Andragoras proclaim his independence?

answer: 247 BC

text: 247 BC

question: When did Andragoras' reign end?

answer: 238 BCE

text: 238 BCE

question: Who killed Andragoras?

answer: Arsaces

text: Arsaces

question: What tribe was Arsaces the leader of?

answer: Parni

text: Parni

question: When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II?

answer: 209 BC

text: 209 BC


text: But although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites. Most artificial satellites operate in this region called low Earth orbit and must fire their engines every few days to maintain orbit.[citation needed] The drag here is low enough that it could theoretically be overcome by radiation pressure on solar sails, a proposed propulsion system for interplanetary travel.[citation needed] Planets are too massive for their trajectories to be significantly affected by these forces, although their atmospheres are eroded by the solar winds.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: But

text: although

text: it

text: meets

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: outer

text: space

text: the

text: atmospheric

text: density

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: few

text: hundred

text: kilometers

text: above

text: the

text: Kármán

text: line

text: is

text: still

text: sufficient

text: to

text: produce

text: significant

text: drag

text: on

text: satellites

text: Most

text: artificial

text: satellites

text: operate

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: called

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: and

text: must

text: fire

text: their

text: engines

text: every

text: few

text: days

text: to

text: maintain

text: orbit.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: drag

text: here

text: is

text: low

text: enough

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: theoretically

text: be

text: overcome

text: by

text: radiation

text: pressure

text: on

text: solar

text: sails

text: a

text: proposed

text: propulsion

text: system

text: for

text: interplanetary

text: travel.[citation

text: needed

text: Planets

text: are

text: too

text: massive

text: for

text: their

text: trajectories

text: to

text: be

text: significantly

text: affected

text: by

text: these

text: forces

text: although

text: their

text: atmospheres

text: are

text: eroded

text: by

text: the

text: solar

text: winds

question: Where do most satellites operate?

answer: low Earth orbit

text: low Earth orbit

question: What system could possibly be used for interplanetary travel?

answer: solar sails

text: solar sails

question: why do satellites need to fire engines every few day to keep orbit?

answer: atmospheric density

text: atmospheric density

question: above what line location in outer space to satellites orbit?

answer: Kármán line

text: Kármán line


text: Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges' Save. The next week Katie Stevens and Andrew Garcia were eliminated. That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first Idol alum to do so. Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21, 2010, and raised $45 million.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Michael

text: Lynche

text: was

text: the

text: lowest

text: vote

text: getter

text: at

text: top

text: nine

text: and

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: Judges

text: Save

text: The

text: next

text: week

text: Katie

text: Stevens

text: and

text: Andrew

text: Garcia

text: were

text: eliminated

text: That

text: week

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: was

text: invited

text: back

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: mentor

text: the

text: first

text: Idol

text: alum

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: Idol

text: Gives

text: Back

text: returned

text: this

text: season

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: raised

text: million

question: Which contestant was saved by the judges in season nine of American Idol?

answer: Michael Lynche

text: Michael Lynche

question: At what point did the judges use their save on American Idols ninth season?

answer: top nine

text: top nine

question: Who was the first American Idol contestant to return to the show as a mentor?

answer: Adam Lambert

text: Adam Lambert

question: How much money was brought in by the Idol Gives Back special on season nine of American Idol?

answer: $45 million

text: $45 million

question: Who was saved with the Judges' Save?

answer: Michael Lynche

text: Michael Lynche

question: Which former contestant was a mentor this season?

answer: Adam Lambert

text: Adam Lambert


text: Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Kazakhstan

text: The

text: first

text: torchbearer

text: in

text: Almaty

text: where

text: the

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: arrived

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: ever

text: on

text: April

text: was

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Nursultan

text: Nazarbaev

text: The

text: route

text: ran

text: km

text: from

text: Medeo

text: stadium

text: to

text: Astana

text: Square

text: There

text: were

text: reports

text: that

text: Uighur

text: activists

text: were

text: arrested

text: and

text: some

text: were

text: deported

text: back

text: to

text: China

question: What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2?

answer: Almaty

text: Almaty

question: Who was the first person to be handed the torch in Almaty?

answer: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

text: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

question: Who is Nursultan Nazarbaev?

answer: the President of Kazakhstan

text: the President of Kazakhstan

question: The route in Almaty went from Medeo Stadium to where?

answer: Astana Square.

text: Astana Square.

question: What kind of activists were arrested in Almaty?

answer: Uighur activists

text: Uighur activists

question: What country did the torch get to for the first time?

answer: Kazakhstan

text: Kazakhstan

question: What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty?

answer: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

text: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

question: What was the distance in kilometers for the route in Kazakhstan?

answer: 20

question: What activists were reported to have been arrested?

answer: Uighur

text: Uighur


text: In April 1954 Adenauer made his first visit to the USA meeting Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles. Ratification of EDC was delaying but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that EDC would have to become a part of NATO.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: In

text: April

text: Adenauer

text: made

text: his

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: USA

text: meeting

text: Nixon

text: Eisenhower

text: and

text: Dulles

text: Ratification

text: of

text: EDC

text: was

text: delaying

text: but

text: the

text: US

text: representatives

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: to

text: Adenauer

text: that

text: EDC

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: NATO

question: In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States?

answer: 1954


text: In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive nouns and some types of movement. The remaining cases (instrumental, locative, vocative and dative) indicate semantic relationships, such as secondary objects, movement or position (dative case) and accompaniment (instrumental case). An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it describes. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: In

text: Czech

text: nouns

text: and

text: adjectives

text: are

text: declined

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: seven

text: grammatical

text: cases

text: Nouns

text: are

text: inflected

text: to

text: indicate

text: their

text: use

text: in

text: a

text: sentence

text: A

text: nominative

text: accusative

text: language

text: Czech

text: marks

text: subject

text: nouns

text: with

text: nominative

text: case

text: and

text: object

text: nouns

text: with

text: accusative

text: case

text: The

text: genitive

text: case

text: marks

text: possessive

text: nouns

text: and

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: movement

text: The

text: remaining

text: cases

text: instrumental

text: locative

text: vocative

text: and

text: dative

text: indicate

text: semantic

text: relationships

text: such

text: as

text: secondary

text: objects

text: movement

text: or

text: position

text: dative

text: case

text: and

text: accompaniment

text: instrumental

text: case

text: An

text: adjective

text: 's

text: case

text: agrees

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: noun

text: it

text: describes

text: When

text: Czech

text: children

text: learn

text: their

text: language

text: 's

text: declension

text: patterns

text: the

text: cases

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: number

question: How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: When are nouns in Czech inflected?

answer: to indicate their use in a sentence

text: to indicate their use in a sentence

question: How does Czech mark subject nouns?

answer: with nominative case

text: with nominative case

question: What nouns does Czech use the accusative case to mark?

answer: object

text: object

question: What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?

answer: the noun it describes

text: the noun it describes


text: Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outside the government, determine the curriculum and accreditation of new schools and colleges. Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling. Arabic colleges (over eleven of which exist within the state-run University of Calicut and the Kannur University) provide B.A. and Masters' level degrees. At all levels, instruction is co-educational, with many women instructors and professors. Islamic education boards are independently run by the following organizations, accredited by the Kerala state government: Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board, Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, and Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Today

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Islamic

text: education

text: has

text: grown

text: and

text: further

text: integrated

text: with

text: Kerala

text: government

text: administration

text: In

text: an

text: estimated

text: Muslim

text: Arabic

text: teachers

text: taught

text: in

text: Kerala

text: government

text: schools

text: with

text: over

text: Muslim

text: students

text: State

text: appointed

text: committees

text: not

text: private

text: mosques

text: or

text: religious

text: scholars

text: outside

text: the

text: government

text: determine

text: the

text: curriculum

text: and

text: accreditation

text: of

text: new

text: schools

text: and

text: colleges

text: Primary

text: education

text: in

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Islamic

text: studies

text: is

text: available

text: to

text: Kerala

text: Muslims

text: almost

text: entirely

text: in

text: after

text: school

text: madrasa

text: programs

text: sharply

text: unlike

text: full

text: time

text: madaris

text: common

text: in

text: north

text: India

text: which

text: may

text: replace

text: formal

text: schooling

text: Arabic

text: colleges

text: over

text: eleven

text: of

text: which

text: exist

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: run

text: University

text: of

text: Calicut

text: and

text: the

text: Kannur

text: University

text: provide

text: B.A.

text: and

text: Masters

text: level

text: degrees

text: At

text: all

text: levels

text: instruction

text: is

text: co

text: educational

text: with

text: many

text: women

text: instructors

text: and

text: professors

text: Islamic

text: education

text: boards

text: are

text: independently

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: organizations

text: accredited

text: by

text: the

text: Kerala

text: state

text: government

text: Samastha

text: Kerala

text: Islamic

text: Education

text: Board

text: Kerala

text: Nadvathul

text: Mujahideen

text: Jamaat

text: e

text: Islami

text: Hind

text: and

text: Jamiat

text: Ulema

text: e

text: Hind

question: How many Muslim students are there in Kerala?

answer: over 500,000

text: over 500,000

question: How many Muslim teachers are there in Kerala?

answer: 6,000

question: Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools?

answer: State-appointed committees

text: State-appointed committees

question: What types of programs provide traditional Islamic teaching?

answer: after-school

text: after-school

question: What is the format of school for girls and boys?

answer: co-educational

text: co-educational


text: In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight  This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during somersaulting increases. These injuries commonly occur at the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures. To avoid such injuries, and to receive a high performance score, proper technique must be used by the gymnast. "The subsequent ground contact or impact landing phase must be achieved using a safe, aesthetic and well-executed double foot landing."  A successful landing in gymnastics is classified as soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: In

text: a

text: tumbling

text: pass

text: dismount

text: or

text: vault

text: landing

text: is

text: the

text: final

text: phase

text: following

text: take

text: off

text: and

text: flight

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: critical

text: skill

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: execution

text: in

text: competition

text: scores

text: general

text: performance

text: and

text: injury

text: occurrence

text: Without

text: the

text: necessary

text: magnitude

text: of

text: energy

text: dissipation

text: during

text: impact

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: sustaining

text: injuries

text: during

text: somersaulting

text: increases

text: These

text: injuries

text: commonly

text: occur

text: at

text: the

text: lower

text: extremities

text: such

text: as

text: cartilage

text: lesions

text: ligament

text: tears

text: and

text: bone

text: bruises

text: fractures

text: To

text: avoid

text: such

text: injuries

text: and

text: to

text: receive

text: a

text: high

text: performance

text: score

text: proper

text: technique

text: must

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: gymnast

text: The

text: subsequent

text: ground

text: contact

text: or

text: impact

text: landing

text: phase

text: must

text: be

text: achieved

text: using

text: a

text: safe

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: well

text: executed

text: double

text: foot

text: landing

text: A

text: successful

text: landing

text: in

text: gymnastics

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: soft

text: meaning

text: the

text: knee

text: and

text: hip

text: joints

text: are

text: at

text: greater

text: than

text: degrees

text: of

text: flexion

question: What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores?

answer: landing

text: landing

question: Where do most injuries happen?

answer: the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures

text: the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures

question: How do you avoid injuries?

answer: proper technique must be used by the gymnast

text: proper technique must be used by the gymnast

question: What is a successful landing?

answer: soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion

text: soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion


text: On June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate list. Authorities attempted to disperse the rally in front of Druzhba Stadium. On July 7, 10,000 to 20,000 people witnessed the launch of the Democratic Front to Promote Perestroika. On July 17, a group of 10,000 gathered in the village Zarvanytsia for Millennium services celebrated by Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Bishop Pavlo Vasylyk. The militia tried to disperse attendees, but it turned out to be the largest gathering of Ukrainian Catholics since Stalin outlawed the Church in 1946. On August 4, which came to be known as "Bloody Thursday," local authorities violently suppressed a demonstration organized by the Democratic Front to Promote Perestroika. Forty-one people were detained, fined, or sentenced to 15 days of administrative arrest. On September 1, local authorities violently displaced 5,000 students at a public meeting lacking official permission at Ivan Franko State University.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: June

text: to

text: people

text: gathered

text: in

text: Lviv

text: to

text: hear

text: speakers

text: declare

text: no

text: confidence

text: in

text: the

text: local

text: list

text: of

text: delegates

text: to

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: conference

text: to

text: begin

text: on

text: June

text: On

text: June

text: a

text: rally

text: in

text: Lviv

text: attracted

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: heard

text: about

text: a

text: revised

text: delegate

text: list

text: Authorities

text: attempted

text: to

text: disperse

text: the

text: rally

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: Druzhba

text: Stadium

text: On

text: July

text: to

text: people

text: witnessed

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Front

text: to

text: Promote

text: Perestroika

text: On

text: July

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: gathered

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: Zarvanytsia

text: for

text: Millennium

text: services

text: celebrated

text: by

text: Ukrainian

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: Bishop

text: Pavlo

text: Vasylyk

text: The

text: militia

text: tried

text: to

text: disperse

text: attendees

text: but

text: it

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: largest

text: gathering

text: of

text: Ukrainian

text: Catholics

text: since

text: Stalin

text: outlawed

text: the

text: Church

text: in

text: On

text: August

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: Bloody

text: Thursday

text: local

text: authorities

text: violently

text: suppressed

text: a

text: demonstration

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Front

text: to

text: Promote

text: Perestroika

text: Forty

text: one

text: people

text: were

text: detained

text: fined

text: or

text: sentenced

text: to

text: days

text: of

text: administrative

text: arrest

text: On

text: September

text: local

text: authorities

text: violently

text: displaced

text: students

text: at

text: a

text: public

text: meeting

text: lacking

text: official

text: permission

text: at

text: Ivan

text: Franko

text: State

text: University

question: How many people attended the Lviv rally?

answer: 50,000

question: Where was the dispersal attempt made?

answer: in front of Druzhba Stadium

text: in front of Druzhba Stadium

question: Who tried to stop the rally?

answer: Authorities

text: Authorities

question: Who led the Millennium celebration in Zarvanytsia?

answer: Pavlo Vasylyk

text: Pavlo Vasylyk

question: Who wanted to break up the celebration?

answer: militia

text: militia


text: Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used as sheet metal and for methods such as deep drawing, roll forming or bending, zinc alloys with titanium and copper are used. Unalloyed zinc is too brittle for these kinds of manufacturing processes.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Similar

text: alloys

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: lead

text: can

text: be

text: cold

text: rolled

text: into

text: sheets

text: An

text: alloy

text: of

text: zinc

text: and

text: aluminium

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: stamping

text: dies

text: for

text: low

text: production

text: run

text: applications

text: for

text: which

text: ferrous

text: metal

text: dies

text: would

text: be

text: too

text: expensive

text: In

text: building

text: facades

text: roofs

text: or

text: other

text: applications

text: in

text: which

text: zinc

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: sheet

text: metal

text: and

text: for

text: methods

text: such

text: as

text: deep

text: drawing

text: roll

text: forming

text: or

text: bending

text: zinc

text: alloys

text: with

text: titanium

text: and

text: copper

text: are

text: used

text: Unalloyed

text: zinc

text: is

text: too

text: brittle

text: for

text: these

text: kinds

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: processes

question: What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys?

answer: cold-rolled into sheets

text: cold-rolled into sheets

question: What is made with an alloy of 4% aluminium mixed with 96% zinc?

answer: stamping dies

text: stamping dies

question: Why are alloys used to make stamping dies rather than metal?

answer: too expensive

text: too expensive

question: Why isn't unalloyed zinc used in construction applications?

answer: too brittle

text: too brittle


text: Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang are the production centers for textiles and electronics products. Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively. Sichuan's wine production accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: Sichuan

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: industrial

text: centers

text: of

text: China

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: heavy

text: industries

text: such

text: as

text: coal

text: energy

text: iron

text: and

text: steel

text: the

text: province

text: has

text: also

text: established

text: a

text: light

text: industrial

text: sector

text: comprising

text: building

text: materials

text: wood

text: processing

text: food

text: and

text: silk

text: processing

text: Chengdu

text: and

text: Mianyang

text: are

text: the

text: production

text: centers

text: for

text: textiles

text: and

text: electronics

text: products

text: Deyang

text: Panzhihua

text: and

text: Yibin

text: are

text: the

text: production

text: centers

text: for

text: machinery

text: metallurgical

text: industries

text: and

text: wine

text: respectively

text: Sichuan

text: 's

text: wine

text: production

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: ’s

text: total

text: production

text: in

question: What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan?

answer: coal, energy, iron and steel

text: coal, energy, iron and steel

question: What areas are major areas of production for textiles and electronics?

answer: Chengdu and Mianyang

text: Chengdu and Mianyang

question: How much of China's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000?

answer: 21.9%

question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its machinery production?

answer: Deyang

text: Deyang

question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries?

answer: Panzhihua

text: Panzhihua


text: For an unprecedented eight consecutive years, from the 2003–04 television season through the 2010–11 season, either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings. The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: For

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: eight

text: consecutive

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: television

text: season

text: through

text: the

text: season

text: either

text: its

text: performance

text: or

text: result

text: show

text: had

text: been

text: ranked

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: U.S.

text: television

text: ratings

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: however

text: declined

text: and

text: on

text: May

text: Fox

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: series

text: would

text: conclude

text: its

text: run

text: in

text: its

text: fifteenth

text: season

question: What year did FOX announce that American Idol was cancelled?

answer: 2015

question: What year did FOX announce the cancellation of American Idol?

answer: 2015

question: For how many seasons did American Idol air?

answer: 15

question: How many consecutive years did American Idol been ranked number one in ratings?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending?

answer: May 11, 2015

text: May 11, 2015


text: Under the Bretton Woods system established after World War II, the value of gold was fixed to $35 per ounce, and the value of the U.S. dollar was thus anchored to the value of gold. Rising government spending in the 1960s, however, led to doubts about the ability of the United States to maintain this convertibility, gold stocks dwindled as banks and international investors began to convert dollars to gold, and as a result the value of the dollar began to decline. Facing an emerging currency crisis and the imminent danger that the United States would no longer be able to redeem dollars for gold, gold convertibility was finally terminated in 1971 by President Nixon, resulting in the "Nixon shock".

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: Under

text: the

text: Bretton

text: Woods

text: system

text: established

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: gold

text: was

text: fixed

text: to

text: per

text: ounce

text: and

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: was

text: thus

text: anchored

text: to

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: gold

text: Rising

text: government

text: spending

text: in

text: the

text: however

text: led

text: to

text: doubts

text: about

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: maintain

text: this

text: convertibility

text: gold

text: stocks

text: dwindled

text: as

text: banks

text: and

text: international

text: investors

text: began

text: to

text: convert

text: dollars

text: to

text: gold

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: dollar

text: began

text: to

text: decline

text: Facing

text: an

text: emerging

text: currency

text: crisis

text: and

text: the

text: imminent

text: danger

text: that

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: would

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: redeem

text: dollars

text: for

text: gold

text: gold

text: convertibility

text: was

text: finally

text: terminated

text: in

text: by

text: President

text: Nixon

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Nixon

text: shock

question: When was the Bretton Woods system established?

answer: after World War II

text: after World War II

question: What was the fixed value of gold?

answer: $35 per ounce

text: $35 per ounce

question: What was the value of the U.S. dollar linked to?

answer: the value of gold

text: the value of gold

question: What did banks and investors do that devalued the dollar?

answer: convert dollars to gold

text: convert dollars to gold

question: In which year was gold convertability terminated?

answer: 1971


text: The trustees of Columbia University refused to accept Eisenhower's resignation in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe. Eisenhower retired from active service as an Army general on May 31, 1952, and he resumed his presidency of Columbia. He held this position until January 20, 1953, when he became the President of the United States.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: The

text: trustees

text: of

text: Columbia

text: University

text: refused

text: to

text: accept

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: resignation

text: in

text: December

text: when

text: he

text: took

text: an

text: extended

text: leave

text: from

text: the

text: university

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: given

text: operational

text: command

text: of

text: NATO

text: forces

text: in

text: Europe

text: Eisenhower

text: retired

text: from

text: active

text: service

text: as

text: an

text: Army

text: general

text: on

text: May

text: and

text: he

text: resumed

text: his

text: presidency

text: of

text: Columbia

text: He

text: held

text: this

text: position

text: until

text: January

text: when

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: When was Eisenhower's resignation of Columbia turned down?

answer: December 1950

text: December 1950

question: What role did Eisenhower fill after leaving Columbia?

answer: Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

text: Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

question: On what date did Eisenhower leave active duty in the military?

answer: May 31, 1952

text: May 31, 1952

question: What job did Eisenhower hold after his second tenure as president of Columbia?

answer: President of the United States

text: President of the United States

question: When did Eisenhower become President of the United States?

answer: January 20, 1953

text: January 20, 1953


text: On 13 February 2008, fire destroyed the fishing factory and the four generators that supplied power to the island. On 14 March 2008, new generators were installed and uninterrupted power was restored. This fire was devastating to the island because fishing is a mainstay of the economy. While a new factory was being planned and built, M/V Kelso came to the island and acted as a factory ship, with island fishermen based on board for stints normally of one week. The new facility was ready in July 2009, for the start of the 2009–10 fishing season.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: On

text: February

text: fire

text: destroyed

text: the

text: fishing

text: factory

text: and

text: the

text: four

text: generators

text: that

text: supplied

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: On

text: March

text: new

text: generators

text: were

text: installed

text: and

text: uninterrupted

text: power

text: was

text: restored

text: This

text: fire

text: was

text: devastating

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: because

text: fishing

text: is

text: a

text: mainstay

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: While

text: a

text: new

text: factory

text: was

text: being

text: planned

text: and

text: built

text: M

text: V

text: Kelso

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: acted

text: as

text: a

text: factory

text: ship

text: with

text: island

text: fishermen

text: based

text: on

text: board

text: for

text: stints

text: normally

text: of

text: one

text: week

text: The

text: new

text: facility

text: was

text: ready

text: in

text: July

text: for

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: fishing

text: season

question: What year did a large fire destroy the fishing factory?

answer: 2008

question: When were the new generators installed to correct the power problems?

answer: March 2008

text: March 2008

question: what was the name of the ship that was a temporary fishing facility?

answer: M/V Kelso

text: M/V Kelso

question: when was the new fishing factory ready for use?

answer: July 2009

text: July 2009


text: The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: The

text: term

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: used

text: in

text: an

text: October

text: Massachusetts

text: Circuit

text: Court

text: ruling

text: in

text: the

text: patent

text: case

text: Davoll

text: et

text: al

text: v.

text: Brown

text: in

text: which

text: Justice

text: Charles

text: L.

text: Woodbury

text: wrote

text: that

text: only

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: can

text: we

text: protect

text: intellectual

text: property

text: the

text: labors

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: productions

text: and

text: interests

text: are

text: as

text: much

text: a

text: man

text: 's

text: own

text: as

text: the

text: wheat

text: he

text: cultivates

text: or

text: the

text: flocks

text: he

text: rears

text: The

text: statement

text: that

text: discoveries

text: are

text: property

text: goes

text: back

text: earlier

text: Section

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: law

text: of

text: stated

text: All

text: new

text: discoveries

text: are

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: author

text: to

text: assure

text: the

text: inventor

text: the

text: property

text: and

text: temporary

text: enjoyment

text: of

text: his

text: discovery

text: there

text: shall

text: be

text: delivered

text: to

text: him

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: five

text: ten

text: or

text: fifteen

text: years

text: In

text: Europe

text: French

text: author

text: A.

text: Nion

text: mentioned

text: propriété

text: intellectuelle

text: in

text: his

text: Droits

text: civils

text: des

text: auteurs

text: artistes

text: et

text: inventeurs

text: published

text: in

question: When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on?

answer: October 1845

text: October 1845

question: Which court ruled on the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown?

answer: Massachusetts Circuit Court

text: Massachusetts Circuit Court

question: Who wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property"?

answer: Justice Charles L. Woodbury

text: Justice Charles L. Woodbury

question: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law?

answer: 1791

question: When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property?

answer: 1846


text: On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, toppled many of the castles of the Kingdom and briefly drove the noblemen into Portugal and Castile. Soon after, in the late 15th century, in the dynastic conflict between Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja, part of the Galician aristocracy supported Joanna. After Isabella's victory, she initiated an administrative and political reform which the chronicler Jeronimo Zurita defined as "doma del Reino de Galicia": 'It was then when the taming of Galicia began, because not just the local lords and knights, but all the people of that nation were the ones against the others very bold and warlike'. These reforms, while establishing a local government and tribunal (the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia) and bringing the nobleman under submission, also brought most Galician monasteries and institutions under Castilian control, in what has been criticized as a process of centralisation. At the same time the kings began to call the Xunta or Cortes of the Kingdom of Galicia, an assembly of deputies or representatives of the cities of the Kingdom, to ask for monetary and military contributions. This assembly soon developed into the voice and legal representation of the Kingdom, and the depositary of its will and laws.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: an

text: effective

text: royal

text: justice

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: social

text: conflict

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Guerras

text: Irmandiñas

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: brotherhoods

text: when

text: leagues

text: of

text: peasants

text: and

text: burghers

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: knights

text: noblemen

text: and

text: under

text: legal

text: protection

text: offered

text: by

text: the

text: remote

text: king

text: toppled

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: castles

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: briefly

text: drove

text: the

text: noblemen

text: into

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Castile

text: Soon

text: after

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: dynastic

text: conflict

text: between

text: Isabella

text: I

text: of

text: Castile

text: and

text: Joanna

text: La

text: Beltraneja

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Galician

text: aristocracy

text: supported

text: Joanna

text: After

text: Isabella

text: 's

text: victory

text: she

text: initiated

text: an

text: administrative

text: and

text: political

text: reform

text: which

text: the

text: chronicler

text: Jeronimo

text: Zurita

text: defined

text: as

text: doma

text: del

text: Reino

text: de

text: Galicia

text: It

text: was

text: then

text: when

text: the

text: taming

text: of

text: Galicia

text: began

text: because

text: not

text: just

text: the

text: local

text: lords

text: and

text: knights

text: but

text: all

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: that

text: nation

text: were

text: the

text: ones

text: against

text: the

text: others

text: very

text: bold

text: and

text: warlike

text: These

text: reforms

text: while

text: establishing

text: a

text: local

text: government

text: and

text: tribunal

text: the

text: Real

text: Audiencia

text: del

text: Reino

text: de

text: Galicia

text: and

text: bringing

text: the

text: nobleman

text: under

text: submission

text: also

text: brought

text: most

text: Galician

text: monasteries

text: and

text: institutions

text: under

text: Castilian

text: control

text: in

text: what

text: has

text: been

text: criticized

text: as

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: centralisation

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: kings

text: began

text: to

text: call

text: the

text: Xunta

text: or

text: Cortes

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: an

text: assembly

text: of

text: deputies

text: or

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: to

text: ask

text: for

text: monetary

text: and

text: military

text: contributions

text: This

text: assembly

text: soon

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: voice

text: and

text: legal

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: depositary

text: of

text: its

text: will

text: and

text: laws

question: Social turmoil led to conflict?

answer: Guerras Irmandiñas

text: Guerras Irmandiñas

question: Which two royals were part of the dynastic conflict of the 15th century?

answer: Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja

text: Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja

question: The subsequent reforms were coined as "doma del Reino de Galicia" by who?

answer: Jeronimo Zurita

text: Jeronimo Zurita

question: What was the name of the local government and tribunal?

answer: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia

text: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia


text: Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonal counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Baroque

text: music

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: complex

text: tonal

text: counterpoint

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: basso

text: continuo

text: a

text: continuous

text: bass

text: line

text: Music

text: became

text: more

text: complex

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: the

text: songs

text: of

text: earlier

text: periods

text: The

text: beginnings

text: of

text: the

text: sonata

text: form

text: took

text: shape

text: in

text: the

text: canzona

text: as

text: did

text: a

text: more

text: formalized

text: notion

text: of

text: theme

text: and

text: variations

text: The

text: tonalities

text: of

text: major

text: and

text: minor

text: as

text: means

text: for

text: managing

text: dissonance

text: and

text: chromaticism

text: in

text: music

text: took

text: full

text: shape

question: Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music?

answer: Baroque

text: Baroque

question: What does basso continuo mean?

answer: a continuous bass line

text: a continuous bass line

question: What did music become during the Baroque era  in comparison with earlier periods?

answer: more complex

text: more complex

question: What form began to take shape during the Baroque era?

answer: the sonata form

text: the sonata form

question: Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism?

answer: tonalities

text: tonalities


text: Queen's popularity was stimulated in North America when "Bohemian Rhapsody" was featured in the 1992 comedy film Wayne's World. Its inclusion helped the song reach number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks in 1992 (it remained in the Hot 100 for over 40 weeks), and won the band an MTV Award at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards. The compilation album Classic Queen also reached number four on the Billboard 200, and is certified three times platinum in the US. Wayne's World footage was used to make a new music video for "Bohemian Rhapsody", with which the band and management were delighted.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Queen

text: 's

text: popularity

text: was

text: stimulated

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: when

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: was

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: film

text: Wayne

text: 's

text: World

text: Its

text: inclusion

text: helped

text: the

text: song

text: reach

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: for

text: five

text: weeks

text: in

text: it

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: Hot

text: for

text: over

text: weeks

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: band

text: an

text: MTV

text: Award

text: at

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: The

text: compilation

text: album

text: Classic

text: Queen

text: also

text: reached

text: number

text: four

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: and

text: is

text: certified

text: three

text: times

text: platinum

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Wayne

text: 's

text: World

text: footage

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: new

text: music

text: video

text: for

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: with

text: which

text: the

text: band

text: and

text: management

text: were

text: delighted

question: Which movie featured Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody?

answer: Wayne's World

text: Wayne's World

question: What year did Queen get a boost in North American sales due to being featured in a movie?

answer: 1992

question: In what year did Queen win an MTV award?

answer: 1992

question: How high did the album Classic Queen chart on the Billboard 200?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many times platinum did Classic Queen go in the US?

answer: three times

text: three times


text: Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participate only as an observer. After France and the Communists agreed to a partition of Vietnam, Eisenhower rejected the agreement, offering military and economic aid to southern Vietnam. Ambrose argues that Eisenhower, by not participating in the Geneva agreement, had kept the U.S out of Vietnam; nevertheless, with the formation of SEATO, he had in the end put the U.S. back into the conflict.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: defeat

text: with

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: SEATO

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: Alliance

text: with

text: the

text: U.K.

text: France

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: defense

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: against

text: communism

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Chinese

text: reconvened

text: Geneva

text: peace

text: talks

text: Eisenhower

text: agreed

text: the

text: U.S.

text: would

text: participate

text: only

text: as

text: an

text: observer

text: After

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Communists

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: partition

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: Eisenhower

text: rejected

text: the

text: agreement

text: offering

text: military

text: and

text: economic

text: aid

text: to

text: southern

text: Vietnam

text: Ambrose

text: argues

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: by

text: not

text: participating

text: in

text: the

text: Geneva

text: agreement

text: had

text: kept

text: the

text: U.S

text: out

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: nevertheless

text: with

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: SEATO

text: he

text: had

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: put

text: the

text: U.S.

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: conflict

question: What is SEATO?

answer: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

text: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

question: Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO?

answer: New Zealand and Australia

text: New Zealand and Australia

question: What was the purpose of SEATO?

answer: defense of Vietnam against communism

text: defense of Vietnam against communism

question: What group did France split Vietnam with?

answer: Communists

text: Communists

question: Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese


text: South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the Swift Creek watershed district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction). The area is bordered to the west by Cary, to the east by Garner, and to the southwest by Holly Springs. Neighborhoods in South Raleigh include Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek, Carolina Pines, Rhamkatte, Riverbrooke, and Enchanted Oaks.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: South

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: located

text: along

text: U.S.

text: south

text: toward

text: Fuquay

text: Varina

text: and

text: along

text: US

text: into

text: suburban

text: Garner

text: This

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: least

text: developed

text: and

text: least

text: dense

text: area

text: of

text: Raleigh

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: Swift

text: Creek

text: watershed

text: district

text: where

text: development

text: regulations

text: limit

text: housing

text: densities

text: and

text: construction

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Cary

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Garner

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: Holly

text: Springs

text: Neighborhoods

text: in

text: South

text: Raleigh

text: include

text: Renaissance

text: Park

text: Lake

text: Wheeler

text: Swift

text: Creek

text: Carolina

text: Pines

text: Rhamkatte

text: Riverbrooke

text: and

text: Enchanted

text: Oaks

question: Where is South Raleigh?

answer: along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina

text: along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina

question: What is different about South Raleigh?

answer: least developed and least dense

text: least developed and least dense

question: What borders South Raleigh to the west?

answer: Cary,

text: Cary,

question: Where is Holly Springs compared to South Raleigh?

answer: southwest

text: southwest

question: What are some neighborhoods in South Raleigh?

answer: Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek

text: Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek