text: The City of Plymouth is divided into 20 wards, 17 of which elect three councillors and the other three electing two councillors, making up a total council of 57. Each year a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years – there are no elections on the following "fourth" year, which is when County Council elections take place. The total electorate for Plymouth was 188,924 in April 2015. The local election of 7 May 2015 resulted in a political composition of 28 Labour councillors, 26 Conservative and 3 UKIP resulting in a Labour administration. Plymouth City Council is formally twinned with: Brest, France (1963), Gdynia, Poland (1976), Novorossiysk, Russia (1990) San Sebastián, Spain (1990) and Plymouth, United States (2001).

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: wards

text: of

text: which

text: elect

text: three

text: councillors

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: electing

text: two

text: councillors

text: making

text: up

text: a

text: total

text: council

text: of

text: Each

text: year

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: is

text: up

text: for

text: election

text: for

text: three

text: consecutive

text: years

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: elections

text: on

text: the

text: following

text: fourth

text: year

text: which

text: is

text: when

text: County

text: Council

text: elections

text: take

text: place

text: The

text: total

text: electorate

text: for

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: in

text: April

text: The

text: local

text: election

text: of

text: May

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: political

text: composition

text: of

text: Labour

text: councillors

text: Conservative

text: and

text: UKIP

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: Labour

text: administration

text: Plymouth

text: City

text: Council

text: is

text: formally

text: twinned

text: with

text: Brest

text: France

text: Gdynia

text: Poland

text: Novorossiysk

text: Russia

text: San

text: Sebastián

text: Spain

text: and

text: Plymouth

text: United

text: States

question: How many wards in Plymouth elect two councillors?

answer: three

text: three

question: How many members are on the Plymouth council?

answer: 57

question: What fraction of the Plymouth council is elected each year?

answer: a third

text: a third

question: With what French city is Plymouth twinned?

answer: Brest

text: Brest

question: In what year did Plymouth twin with Plymouth in the United States?

answer: 2001


text: Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its "political rearrangement"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Most

text: notably

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: secret

text: protocol

text: to

text: the

text: pact

text: revealed

text: only

text: after

text: Germany

text: 's

text: defeat

text: in

text: although

text: hints

text: about

text: its

text: provisions

text: were

text: leaked

text: much

text: earlier

text: e.g.

text: to

text: influence

text: Lithuania

text: According

text: to

text: said

text: protocol

text: Romania

text: Poland

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Finland

text: were

text: divided

text: into

text: German

text: and

text: Soviet

text: spheres

text: of

text: influence

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Latvia

text: were

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: sphere

text: Poland

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: partitioned

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: its

text: political

text: rearrangement

text: the

text: areas

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Pisa

text: Narev

text: Vistula

text: and

text: San

text: rivers

text: going

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: while

text: Germany

text: would

text: occupy

text: the

text: west

text: Lithuania

text: adjacent

text: to

text: East

text: Prussia

text: would

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: although

text: a

text: second

text: secret

text: protocol

text: agreed

text: to

text: in

text: September

text: reassigned

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: secret

text: protocol

text: Lithuania

text: would

text: be

text: granted

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Vilnius

text: its

text: historical

text: capital

text: which

text: was

text: under

text: Polish

text: control

text: during

text: the

text: inter

text: war

text: period

text: Another

text: clause

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: was

text: that

text: Germany

text: would

text: not

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: actions

text: towards

text: Bessarabia

text: then

text: part

text: of

text: Romania

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: Bessarabia

text: was

text: joined

text: to

text: the

text: Moldovan

text: ASSR

text: and

text: become

text: the

text: Moldovan

text: SSR

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: Moscow

question: What country held the city Vilnius prior to the inter-war period?

answer: Lithuania

text: Lithuania

question: What country would reclaim the city of Vilnius?

answer: Lithuania

text: Lithuania

question: What rivers would the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland?

answer: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

text: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

question: Who would claim Lithuania under their political umbrella?

answer: German

text: German

question: Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union


text: During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: During

text: the

text: December

text: press

text: conference

text: announcing

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: filming

text: Aston

text: Martin

text: and

text: Eon

text: unveiled

text: the

text: new

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: car

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: was

text: designed

text: in

text: collaboration

text: between

text: Aston

text: Martin

text: and

text: the

text: filmmakers

text: with

text: only

text: being

text: produced

text: especially

text: for

text: Spectre

text: as

text: a

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: franchise

text: Only

text: eight

text: of

text: those

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: however

text: the

text: remaining

text: two

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: promotional

text: work

text: After

text: modifying

text: the

text: Jaguar

text: C

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: Williams

text: carried

text: the

text: logo

text: on

text: their

text: cars

text: at

text: the

text: Mexican

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: with

text: the

text: team

text: playing

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: cast

text: and

text: crew

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: premiere

text: of

text: the

text: film

question: Which companies revealed Spectre's official car?

answer: Aston Martin and Eon

text: Aston Martin and Eon

question: How many DB10s were made for the movie?

answer: 10

question: Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix?

answer: Williams F1

text: Williams F1

question: What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for?

answer: promotional work

text: promotional work

question: How many DB10's were produced?

answer: 10

question: What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix?

answer: 007


text: In the late 19th and early 20th century several forms of pragmatic philosophy arose. The ideas of pragmatism, in its various forms, developed mainly from discussions between Charles Sanders Peirce and William James when both men were at Harvard in the 1870s. James popularized the term "pragmatism", giving Peirce full credit for its patrimony, but Peirce later demurred from the tangents that the movement was taking, and redubbed what he regarded as the original idea with the name of "pragmaticism". Along with its pragmatic theory of truth, this perspective integrates the basic insights of empirical (experience-based) and rational (concept-based) thinking.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: several

text: forms

text: of

text: pragmatic

text: philosophy

text: arose

text: The

text: ideas

text: of

text: pragmatism

text: in

text: its

text: various

text: forms

text: developed

text: mainly

text: from

text: discussions

text: between

text: Charles

text: Sanders

text: Peirce

text: and

text: William

text: James

text: when

text: both

text: men

text: were

text: at

text: Harvard

text: in

text: the

text: James

text: popularized

text: the

text: term

text: pragmatism

text: giving

text: Peirce

text: full

text: credit

text: for

text: its

text: patrimony

text: but

text: Peirce

text: later

text: demurred

text: from

text: the

text: tangents

text: that

text: the

text: movement

text: was

text: taking

text: and

text: redubbed

text: what

text: he

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: idea

text: with

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: pragmaticism

text: Along

text: with

text: its

text: pragmatic

text: theory

text: of

text: truth

text: this

text: perspective

text: integrates

text: the

text: basic

text: insights

text: of

text: empirical

text: experience

text: based

text: and

text: rational

text: concept

text: based

text: thinking

question: When did pragmatism arise?

answer: In the late 19th and early 20th century

text: In the late 19th and early 20th century

question: Who developed pragmatism?

answer: Charles Sanders Peirce and William James

text: Charles Sanders Peirce and William James

question: Where did Peirce and James meet?

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

question: When did Peirce and James meet?

answer: in the 1870s

text: in the 1870s

question: What did Peirce later call his ideas instead of pragmatism?

answer: pragmaticism

text: pragmaticism


text: Due to Somalia's proximity to and close ties with the Arabian Peninsula, many Somali men also wear the jellabiya (jellabiyad or qamiis in Somali), a long white garment common in the Arab world.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Due

text: to

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: proximity

text: to

text: and

text: close

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: many

text: Somali

text: men

text: also

text: wear

text: the

text: jellabiya

text: jellabiyad

text: or

text: qamiis

text: in

text: Somali

text: a

text: long

text: white

text: garment

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

question: What is the jellabiya?

answer: a long white garment

text: a long white garment

question: Along with jellabiyad, what is the jellabiya called in Somali?

answer: qamiis

text: qamiis

question: In what region do men commonly wear the jellabiya?

answer: the Arab world

text: the Arab world


text: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Jackson, Paula Abdul, Aretha Franklin, Bananarama, Diana Ross, Tina Turner, Whitney Houston, Steps, Kylie Minogue, Bjork, and C+C Music Factoryhave all incorporated the genre into some of their work. After enjoying significant success in the early to mid-90s, house music grew even larger during the second wave of progressive house (1999–2001). The genre has remained popular and fused into other popular subgenres, for example, G-house, Deep House, Tech House and Bass House. As of 2015, house music remains extremely popular in both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene while retaining a foothold on underground scenes across the globe.[citation needed]

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: many

text: local

text: Chicago

text: house

text: music

text: artists

text: suddenly

text: found

text: themselves

text: presented

text: with

text: major

text: label

text: deals

text: House

text: music

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: commercially

text: successful

text: genre

text: and

text: a

text: more

text: mainstream

text: pop

text: based

text: variation

text: grew

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: Artists

text: and

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Madonna

text: Janet

text: Jackson

text: Paula

text: Abdul

text: Aretha

text: Franklin

text: Bananarama

text: Diana

text: Ross

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: Steps

text: Kylie

text: Minogue

text: Bjork

text: and

text: C+C

text: Music

text: Factoryhave

text: all

text: incorporated

text: the

text: genre

text: into

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: work

text: After

text: enjoying

text: significant

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: house

text: music

text: grew

text: even

text: larger

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: wave

text: of

text: progressive

text: house

text: The

text: genre

text: has

text: remained

text: popular

text: and

text: fused

text: into

text: other

text: popular

text: subgenres

text: for

text: example

text: G

text: house

text: Deep

text: House

text: Tech

text: House

text: and

text: Bass

text: House

text: As

text: of

text: house

text: music

text: remains

text: extremely

text: popular

text: in

text: both

text: clubs

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: mainstream

text: pop

text: scene

text: while

text: retaining

text: a

text: foothold

text: on

text: underground

text: scenes

text: across

text: the

text: globe.[citation

text: needed

question: When was the second wave of progressive house?

answer: 1999–2001

question: What are some popular subgenres of House?

answer: G-house, Deep House, Tech House and Bass House

text: G-house, Deep House, Tech House and Bass House

question: where is house music extremely popular?

answer: both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene

text: both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene

question: What variation of house music was produced by artists such as Madonna and Kylie Minogue?

answer: a more mainstream pop-based variation

text: a more mainstream pop-based variation


text: Research commissioned by Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University, The Newspaper Reading Public of Tomorrow, identified demographic changes which suggested reasons why the Herald might be in decline. The new paper was intended to add a readership of 'social radicals' to the Herald's 'political radicals'. Launched with an advertising budget of £400,000 the brash new paper "burst forth with tremendous energy", according to The Times. Its initial print run of 3.5 million was attributed to 'curiosity' and the 'advantage of novelty', and had declined to the previous circulation of the Daily Herald (1.2 million) within a few weeks.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: Research

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Cecil

text: King

text: from

text: Mark

text: Abrams

text: of

text: Sussex

text: University

text: The

text: Newspaper

text: Reading

text: Public

text: of

text: Tomorrow

text: identified

text: demographic

text: changes

text: which

text: suggested

text: reasons

text: why

text: the

text: Herald

text: might

text: be

text: in

text: decline

text: The

text: new

text: paper

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: add

text: a

text: readership

text: of

text: social

text: radicals

text: to

text: the

text: Herald

text: 's

text: political

text: radicals

text: Launched

text: with

text: an

text: advertising

text: budget

text: of

text: the

text: brash

text: new

text: paper

text: burst

text: forth

text: with

text: tremendous

text: energy

text: according

text: to

text: The

text: Times

text: Its

text: initial

text: print

text: run

text: of

text: million

text: was

text: attributed

text: to

text: curiosity

text: and

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: novelty

text: and

text: had

text: declined

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: circulation

text: of

text: the

text: Daily

text: Herald

text: million

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

question: Who ordered research on the Herald?

answer: Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University

text: Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University

question: What was named as a potential reason for the Herald's decline?

answer: demographic changes

text: demographic changes

question: What type of people was the new paper supposed to attract?

answer: 'social radicals'

text: 'social radicals'

question: What was the advertising budget of the new paper?

answer: £400,000

question: What was the number of papers in the first print run of the Times?

answer: 3.5 million

text: 3.5 million


text: Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards. Examples include: space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee-keeper gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. Meanwhile, the distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut—since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design. Wearing clothes also has social implications. They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Humans

text: have

text: shown

text: extreme

text: inventiveness

text: in

text: devising

text: clothing

text: solutions

text: to

text: environmental

text: hazards

text: Examples

text: include

text: space

text: suits

text: air

text: conditioned

text: clothing

text: armor

text: diving

text: suits

text: swimsuits

text: bee

text: keeper

text: gear

text: motorcycle

text: leathers

text: high

text: visibility

text: clothing

text: and

text: other

text: pieces

text: of

text: protective

text: clothing

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: clothing

text: and

text: protective

text: equipment

text: is

text: not

text: always

text: clear

text: cut

text: since

text: clothes

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: fashionable

text: often

text: have

text: protective

text: value

text: and

text: clothes

text: designed

text: for

text: function

text: often

text: consider

text: fashion

text: in

text: their

text: design

text: Wearing

text: clothes

text: also

text: has

text: social

text: implications

text: They

text: cover

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: that

text: social

text: norms

text: require

text: to

text: be

text: covered

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: adornment

text: and

text: serve

text: other

text: social

text: purposes

question: What animal has shown extreme inventiveness in the clothing it has devised?

answer: Humans

text: Humans

question: What are space suits an example of a solution to?

answer: environmental hazards

text: environmental hazards

question: What type of implication might a certain type of clothing have?

answer: social

text: social

question: What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have?

answer: protective

text: protective

question: Why are some parts of the body covered?

answer: social norms

text: social norms


text: The X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information such as written language. Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols. To include all these, and control characters compatible with the Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique (CCITT) International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2) standard, Fieldata, and early EBCDIC, more than 64 codes were required for ASCII.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: The

text: subcommittee

text: designed

text: ASCII

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: earlier

text: teleprinter

text: encoding

text: systems

text: Like

text: other

text: character

text: encodings

text: ASCII

text: specifies

text: a

text: correspondence

text: between

text: digital

text: bit

text: patterns

text: and

text: character

text: symbols

text: i.e.

text: graphemes

text: and

text: control

text: characters

text: This

text: allows

text: digital

text: devices

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: to

text: process

text: store

text: and

text: communicate

text: character

text: oriented

text: information

text: such

text: as

text: written

text: language

text: Before

text: ASCII

text: was

text: developed

text: the

text: encodings

text: in

text: use

text: included

text: alphabetic

text: characters

text: numerical

text: digits

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: special

text: graphic

text: symbols

text: To

text: include

text: all

text: these

text: and

text: control

text: characters

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: Comité

text: Consultatif

text: International

text: Téléphonique

text: et

text: Télégraphique

text: CCITT

text: International

text: Telegraph

text: Alphabet

text: No

text: standard

text: Fieldata

text: and

text: early

text: EBCDIC

text: more

text: than

text: codes

text: were

text: required

text: for

text: ASCII

question: What was ASCII based on?

answer: teleprinter encoding systems

text: teleprinter encoding systems

question: ASCII specifies correspondence between what?

answer: digital bit patterns and character symbols

text: digital bit patterns and character symbols

question: What does ASCII correspondence allow digital devices to do?

answer: communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information

text: communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information

question: How many graphic symbols were used before ASCII?

answer: 11 to 25 special graphic symbols

text: 11 to 25 special graphic symbols

question: How many codes were required for ASCII?

answer: more than 64 codes

text: more than 64 codes


text: The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as raising taxes without parliament's approval. After the English Civil War, it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly, but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills. In 1678, Charles II withheld his assent from a bill "for preserving the Peace of the Kingdom by raising the Militia, and continuing them in Duty for Two and Forty Days," suggesting that he, not parliament, should control the militia. The last Stuart monarch, Anne, similarly withheld on 11 March 1708, on the advice of her ministers, her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland. No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: The

text: power

text: of

text: parliament

text: to

text: pass

text: bills

text: was

text: often

text: thwarted

text: by

text: monarchs

text: Charles

text: I

text: dissolved

text: parliament

text: in

text: after

text: it

text: passed

text: motions

text: critical

text: of

text: and

text: bills

text: seeking

text: to

text: restrict

text: his

text: arbitrary

text: exercise

text: of

text: power

text: During

text: the

text: eleven

text: years

text: of

text: personal

text: rule

text: that

text: followed

text: Charles

text: performed

text: legally

text: dubious

text: actions

text: such

text: as

text: raising

text: taxes

text: without

text: parliament

text: 's

text: approval

text: After

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: it

text: was

text: accepted

text: that

text: parliament

text: should

text: be

text: summoned

text: to

text: meet

text: regularly

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: still

text: commonplace

text: for

text: monarchs

text: to

text: refuse

text: royal

text: assent

text: to

text: bills

text: In

text: Charles

text: II

text: withheld

text: his

text: assent

text: from

text: a

text: bill

text: for

text: preserving

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: by

text: raising

text: the

text: Militia

text: and

text: continuing

text: them

text: in

text: Duty

text: for

text: Two

text: and

text: Forty

text: Days

text: suggesting

text: that

text: he

text: not

text: parliament

text: should

text: control

text: the

text: militia

text: The

text: last

text: Stuart

text: monarch

text: Anne

text: similarly

text: withheld

text: on

text: March

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: her

text: ministers

text: her

text: assent

text: from

text: a

text: bill

text: for

text: the

text: settling

text: of

text: Militia

text: in

text: Scotland

text: No

text: monarch

text: has

text: since

text: withheld

text: royal

text: assent

text: on

text: a

text: bill

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: parliament

question: Which monarch was responsible for dissolving parliament in 1629?

answer: Charles I

text: Charles I

question: What is one action this monarch took that is typically left to the discretion of parliament?

answer: raising taxes

text: raising taxes

question: After which event was it decided that parliament should meet on a regular basis?

answer: English Civil War

text: English Civil War

question: Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch?

answer: Anne

text: Anne

question: Which ruler removed parliament in 1629?

answer: Charles I

text: Charles I

question: Under whose advice did Anne withold the royal assent?

answer: her ministers

text: her ministers

question: What did motions attempt to accomplish that prompted Charles I to dissolve parliament in 1629?

answer: restrict his arbitrary exercise of power

text: restrict his arbitrary exercise of power

question: When was the last time royal assent was enacted?

answer: 11 March 1708

text: 11 March 1708

question: Who was the last monarch to use the royal assent in 1708?

answer: Anne

text: Anne


text: Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as "Crawfie". Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: only

text: sibling

text: Princess

text: Margaret

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: The

text: two

text: princesses

text: were

text: educated

text: at

text: home

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: their

text: mother

text: and

text: their

text: governess

text: Marion

text: Crawford

text: who

text: was

text: casually

text: known

text: as

text: Crawfie

text: Lessons

text: concentrated

text: on

text: history

text: language

text: literature

text: and

text: music

text: Crawford

text: published

text: a

text: biography

text: of

text: Elizabeth

text: and

text: Margaret

text: 's

text: childhood

text: years

text: entitled

text: The

text: Little

text: Princesses

text: in

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: dismay

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: The

text: book

text: describes

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: love

text: of

text: horses

text: and

text: dogs

text: her

text: orderliness

text: and

text: her

text: attitude

text: of

text: responsibility

text: Others

text: echoed

text: such

text: observations

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: described

text: Elizabeth

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: two

text: as

text: a

text: character

text: She

text: has

text: an

text: air

text: of

text: authority

text: and

text: reflectiveness

text: astonishing

text: in

text: an

text: infant

text: Her

text: cousin

text: Margaret

text: Rhodes

text: described

text: her

text: as

text: a

text: jolly

text: little

text: girl

text: but

text: fundamentally

text: sensible

text: and

text: well

text: behaved

question: Who was Elizabeth only sibling?P

answer: Princess Margaret

text: Princess Margaret

question: When was Princess Margaret born?

answer: 1930

question: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?

answer: governess

text: governess

question: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses?

answer: The Little Princesses

text: The Little Princesses

question: Where were the royal princesses educated?

answer: at home

text: at home


text: From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as "very fruitful". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: From

text: until

text: his

text: retirement

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: professor

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Freiburg

text: West

text: Germany

text: where

text: he

text: began

text: work

text: on

text: his

text: next

text: book

text: Law

text: Legislation

text: and

text: Liberty

text: Hayek

text: regarded

text: his

text: years

text: at

text: Freiburg

text: as

text: very

text: fruitful

text: Following

text: his

text: retirement

text: Hayek

text: spent

text: a

text: year

text: as

text: a

text: visiting

text: professor

text: of

text: philosophy

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: where

text: he

text: continued

text: work

text: on

text: Law

text: Legislation

text: and

text: Liberty

text: teaching

text: a

text: graduate

text: seminar

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: another

text: on

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: social

text: science

text: Primary

text: drafts

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: were

text: completed

text: by

text: but

text: Hayek

text: chose

text: to

text: rework

text: his

text: drafts

text: and

text: finally

text: brought

text: the

text: book

text: to

text: publication

text: in

text: three

text: volumes

text: in

text: and

question: What country did Hayek move to in 1962?

answer: West Germany

text: West Germany

question: What is the name of the book Hayek started upon his arrival in West Germany?

answer: Law, Legislation and Liberty

text: Law, Legislation and Liberty

question: Where did Hayek spend an entire year after his retirement?

answer: University of California, Los Angeles

text: University of California, Los Angeles

question: When was the final volume of Law, Legislation and Liberty released?

answer: 1979

question: During his time in Los Angeles, what was the topic of the seminars Hayek taught not related to his new book?

answer: philosophy of social science

text: philosophy of social science


text: The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels are funded by advertisements and subscription.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: domestic

text: television

text: channels

text: do

text: not

text: broadcast

text: advertisements

text: they

text: are

text: instead

text: funded

text: by

text: a

text: television

text: licence

text: fee

text: which

text: TV

text: viewers

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: pay

text: annually

text: This

text: includes

text: viewers

text: who

text: watch

text: real

text: time

text: streams

text: of

text: the

text: BBC

text: 's

text: channels

text: online

text: or

text: via

text: their

text: mobile

text: phone

text: The

text: BBC

text: 's

text: international

text: television

text: channels

text: are

text: funded

text: by

text: advertisements

text: and

text: subscription

question: How often are people required to remit the TV license fee?

answer: annually

text: annually

question: How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue?

answer: advertisements and subscription

text: advertisements and subscription


text: As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to absorb the deities and cults of other peoples rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability. One way that Rome incorporated diverse peoples was by supporting their religious heritage, building temples to local deities that framed their theology within the hierarchy of Roman religion. Inscriptions throughout the Empire record the side-by-side worship of local and Roman deities, including dedications made by Romans to local gods. By the height of the Empire, numerous international deities were cultivated at Rome and had been carried to even the most remote provinces, among them Cybele, Isis, Epona, and gods of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus, found as far north as Roman Britain. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one god or one cult only, religious tolerance was not an issue in the sense that it is for competing monotheistic systems. The monotheistic rigor of Judaism posed difficulties for Roman policy that led at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict. For example, religious disputes helped cause the First Jewish–Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: As

text: the

text: Romans

text: extended

text: their

text: dominance

text: throughout

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: their

text: policy

text: in

text: general

text: was

text: to

text: absorb

text: the

text: deities

text: and

text: cults

text: of

text: other

text: peoples

text: rather

text: than

text: try

text: to

text: eradicate

text: them

text: since

text: they

text: believed

text: that

text: preserving

text: tradition

text: promoted

text: social

text: stability

text: One

text: way

text: that

text: Rome

text: incorporated

text: diverse

text: peoples

text: was

text: by

text: supporting

text: their

text: religious

text: heritage

text: building

text: temples

text: to

text: local

text: deities

text: that

text: framed

text: their

text: theology

text: within

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: Roman

text: religion

text: Inscriptions

text: throughout

text: the

text: Empire

text: record

text: the

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: worship

text: of

text: local

text: and

text: Roman

text: deities

text: including

text: dedications

text: made

text: by

text: Romans

text: to

text: local

text: gods

text: By

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: numerous

text: international

text: deities

text: were

text: cultivated

text: at

text: Rome

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: carried

text: to

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: remote

text: provinces

text: among

text: them

text: Cybele

text: Isis

text: Epona

text: and

text: gods

text: of

text: solar

text: monism

text: such

text: as

text: Mithras

text: and

text: Sol

text: Invictus

text: found

text: as

text: far

text: north

text: as

text: Roman

text: Britain

text: Because

text: Romans

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: obligated

text: to

text: cultivate

text: one

text: god

text: or

text: one

text: cult

text: only

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: was

text: not

text: an

text: issue

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: for

text: competing

text: monotheistic

text: systems

text: The

text: monotheistic

text: rigor

text: of

text: Judaism

text: posed

text: difficulties

text: for

text: Roman

text: policy

text: that

text: led

text: at

text: times

text: to

text: compromise

text: and

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: special

text: exemptions

text: but

text: sometimes

text: to

text: intractable

text: conflict

text: For

text: example

text: religious

text: disputes

text: helped

text: cause

text: the

text: First

text: Jewish

text: Roman

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Bar

text: Kokhba

text: revolt

question: To the Romans what did them think promoted social stability?

answer: preserving tradition

text: preserving tradition

question: What did the Romans tend to do with local religions and deities in conquered areas?

answer: absorb

text: absorb

question: What facet of religion was not an issue for Roman?

answer: tolerance

text: tolerance

question: To what areas of the Roman empire did the Romans take their deities?

answer: remote provinces

text: remote provinces

question: What facet of a foreign people did Rome add to itself to promote order?

answer: religious heritage

text: religious heritage


text: It is estimated that there are around 100 elephants left in Eritrea, the most northerly of East Africa's elephants. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country. In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common. Puff adder and red spitting cobra are widespread and can be found even in the highlands.In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: around

text: elephants

text: left

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: the

text: most

text: northerly

text: of

text: East

text: Africa

text: 's

text: elephants

text: The

text: endangered

text: African

text: wild

text: dog

text: Lycaon

text: pictus

text: was

text: previously

text: found

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: but

text: is

text: now

text: deemed

text: extirpated

text: from

text: the

text: entire

text: country

text: In

text: Gash

text: Barka

text: deadly

text: snakes

text: like

text: saw

text: scaled

text: viper

text: are

text: common

text: Puff

text: adder

text: and

text: red

text: spitting

text: cobra

text: are

text: widespread

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: highlands

text: In

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: marine

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: common

text: include

text: dolphin

text: dugong

text: whale

text: shark

text: turtles

text: marlin

text: swordfish

text: and

text: manta

text: ray

question: How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea?

answer: around 100

text: around 100

question: What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?

answer: deadly

text: deadly

question: Where in Eritrea can puff adder and red spitting cobra be found?

answer: widespread

text: widespread

question: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?

answer: coastal areas

text: coastal areas

question: Which dog, previously found in Eritrea, is now considered extirpated from the entire country?

answer: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)

text: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)


text: The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet under Edward Boscawen at the Battle of Lagos. In the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November, the British admiral Edward Hawke with 23 ships of the line caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground, putting an end to the French plans.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: French

text: planned

text: to

text: invade

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: during

text: by

text: accumulating

text: troops

text: near

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Loire

text: and

text: concentrating

text: their

text: Brest

text: and

text: Toulon

text: fleets

text: However

text: two

text: sea

text: defeats

text: prevented

text: this

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: fleet

text: under

text: Jean

text: François

text: de

text: La

text: Clue

text: Sabran

text: was

text: scattered

text: by

text: a

text: larger

text: British

text: fleet

text: under

text: Edward

text: Boscawen

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Lagos

text: In

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Quiberon

text: Bay

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: British

text: admiral

text: Edward

text: Hawke

text: with

text: ships

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: caught

text: the

text: French

text: Brest

text: fleet

text: with

text: ships

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: under

text: Marshal

text: de

text: Conflans

text: and

text: sank

text: captured

text: or

text: forced

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: aground

text: putting

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: plans

question: Where was the planned invasion of Britain by France?

answer: near the mouth of the Loire

text: near the mouth of the Loire

question: How did the French plan to transport their troops to Britain for the invasion?

answer: their Brest and Toulon fleets

text: their Brest and Toulon fleets

question: What happened to the French Mediterranean fleet?

answer: the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet

text: the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet

question: What happened to the French Brest fleet?

answer: caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground

text: caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground

question: With the loss of the two fleets, how did the French get their troops to Britain for the invasion?

answer: putting an end to the French plans.

text: putting an end to the French plans.


text: In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time. But it proposed a linear progression rather than the branching common descent theory behind Darwin's work in progress, and it ignored adaptation. Darwin read it soon after publication, and scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but he carefully reviewed his own arguments after leading scientists, including Adam Sedgwick, attacked its morality and scientific errors. Vestiges had significant influence on public opinion, and the intense debate helped to pave the way for the acceptance of the more scientifically sophisticated Origin by moving evolutionary speculation into the mainstream. While few naturalists were willing to consider transmutation, Herbert Spencer became an active proponent of Lamarckism and progressive development in the 1850s.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: anonymously

text: published

text: popular

text: science

text: book

text: Vestiges

text: of

text: the

text: Natural

text: History

text: of

text: Creation

text: written

text: by

text: Scottish

text: journalist

text: Robert

text: Chambers

text: widened

text: public

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: transmutation

text: of

text: species

text: Vestiges

text: used

text: evidence

text: from

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: and

text: embryology

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: claim

text: that

text: living

text: things

text: had

text: progressed

text: from

text: the

text: simple

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: complex

text: over

text: time

text: But

text: it

text: proposed

text: a

text: linear

text: progression

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: branching

text: common

text: descent

text: theory

text: behind

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: work

text: in

text: progress

text: and

text: it

text: ignored

text: adaptation

text: Darwin

text: read

text: it

text: soon

text: after

text: publication

text: and

text: scorned

text: its

text: amateurish

text: geology

text: and

text: zoology

text: but

text: he

text: carefully

text: reviewed

text: his

text: own

text: arguments

text: after

text: leading

text: scientists

text: including

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: attacked

text: its

text: morality

text: and

text: scientific

text: errors

text: Vestiges

text: had

text: significant

text: influence

text: on

text: public

text: opinion

text: and

text: the

text: intense

text: debate

text: helped

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: scientifically

text: sophisticated

text: Origin

text: by

text: moving

text: evolutionary

text: speculation

text: into

text: the

text: mainstream

text: While

text: few

text: naturalists

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: consider

text: transmutation

text: Herbert

text: Spencer

text: became

text: an

text: active

text: proponent

text: of

text: Lamarckism

text: and

text: progressive

text: development

text: in

text: the

question: What was the name of the anonymously published science book?

answer: Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

text: Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

question: What kind of progression did Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation propose?

answer: a linear progression

text: a linear progression

question: Who wrote Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation?

answer: Robert Chambers

text: Robert Chambers

question: What was the evidence in Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation used to support?

answer: that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time.

text: that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time.

question: Which scientist was in favor of Lamarckism in the 1850s?

answer: Herbert Spencer

text: Herbert Spencer


text: Residential architecture is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings in the metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl). Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne. Victorian terrace housing, townhouses and historic Italianate, Tudor revival and Neo-Georgian mansions are all common in neighbourhoods such as Toorak.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Residential

text: architecture

text: is

text: not

text: defined

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: architectural

text: style

text: but

text: rather

text: an

text: eclectic

text: mix

text: of

text: houses

text: townhouses

text: condominiums

text: and

text: apartment

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: particularly

text: in

text: areas

text: of

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: Free

text: standing

text: dwellings

text: with

text: relatively

text: large

text: gardens

text: are

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: type

text: of

text: housing

text: outside

text: inner

text: city

text: Melbourne

text: Victorian

text: terrace

text: housing

text: townhouses

text: and

text: historic

text: Italianate

text: Tudor

text: revival

text: and

text: Neo

text: Georgian

text: mansions

text: are

text: all

text: common

text: in

text: neighbourhoods

text: such

text: as

text: Toorak

question: What are the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne?

answer: Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens

text: Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens

question: Is residential architecture in Melbourne defined by a single architectural style or an eclectic mix of buildings?

answer: single architectural style

text: single architectural style

question: Are townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings found more prevalent in the metropolitan area or outside the city?

answer: metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl)

text: metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl)


text: Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a strictly religious life. Cluny Abbey, founded in the Mâcon region of France in 909, was established as part of the Cluniac Reforms, a larger movement of monastic reform in response to this fear. Cluny quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour. It sought to maintain a high quality of spiritual life by placing itself under the protection of the papacy and by electing its own abbot without interference from laymen, thus maintaining economic and political independence from local lords.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Monastic

text: reform

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: issue

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: elites

text: began

text: to

text: worry

text: that

text: monks

text: were

text: not

text: adhering

text: to

text: the

text: rules

text: binding

text: them

text: to

text: a

text: strictly

text: religious

text: life

text: Cluny

text: Abbey

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: Mâcon

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cluniac

text: Reforms

text: a

text: larger

text: movement

text: of

text: monastic

text: reform

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: this

text: fear

text: Cluny

text: quickly

text: established

text: a

text: reputation

text: for

text: austerity

text: and

text: rigour

text: It

text: sought

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: of

text: spiritual

text: life

text: by

text: placing

text: itself

text: under

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: the

text: papacy

text: and

text: by

text: electing

text: its

text: own

text: abbot

text: without

text: interference

text: from

text: laymen

text: thus

text: maintaining

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: independence

text: from

text: local

text: lords

question: In what century was thought given to monastic reform?

answer: 11th

question: In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?

answer: 909

question: In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?

answer: Mâcon

text: Mâcon

question: Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?

answer: austerity

text: austerity

question: What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny?

answer: Cluniac Reforms

text: Cluniac Reforms


text: Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Many

text: non

text: transparent

text: translation

text: theories

text: draw

text: on

text: concepts

text: from

text: German

text: Romanticism

text: the

text: most

text: obvious

text: influence

text: being

text: the

text: German

text: theologian

text: and

text: philosopher

text: Friedrich

text: Schleiermacher

text: In

text: his

text: seminal

text: lecture

text: On

text: the

text: Different

text: Methods

text: of

text: Translation

text: he

text: distinguished

text: between

text: translation

text: methods

text: that

text: move

text: the

text: writer

text: toward

text: the

text: reader

text: i.e.

text: transparency

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: move

text: the

text: reader

text: toward

text: the

text: author

text: i.e.

text: an

text: extreme

text: fidelity

text: to

text: the

text: foreignness

text: of

text: the

text: source

text: text

text: Schleiermacher

text: favored

text: the

text: latter

text: approach

text: he

text: was

text: motivated

text: however

text: not

text: so

text: much

text: by

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: embrace

text: the

text: foreign

text: as

text: by

text: a

text: nationalist

text: desire

text: to

text: oppose

text: France

text: 's

text: cultural

text: domination

text: and

text: to

text: promote

text: German

text: literature

question: Where do many non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts?

answer: German Romanticism

text: German Romanticism

question: What nationality was Friedrich Schleiermacher?

answer: German

text: German

question: When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"?

answer: 1813

question: Moving the writer toward the reader would be an example of what type of translation method?

answer: transparency

text: transparency

question: What method of translation did Schleiermacher favor?

answer: extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text

text: extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text


text: In 1853 the Russian Empire on behalf of the Slavic Balkan states began to question the very existence of the Ottoman Empire. The result was the Crimean War, 1853–1856, in which the British Empire and the French Empire supported the Ottoman Empire in its struggle against the incursions of the Russian Empire. Eventually, the Ottoman Empire lost control of the Balkan region.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: In

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: Balkan

text: states

text: began

text: to

text: question

text: the

text: very

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: supported

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: its

text: struggle

text: against

text: the

text: incursions

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: lost

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: region

question: When did the Russian Empire begin to question the existence of the Ottoman Empire?

answer: 1853

question: When was the Crimean War?

answer: 1853–1856

question: During the Crimean War who did the British and French support?

answer: the Ottoman Empire

text: the Ottoman Empire

question: What was the Ottoman Empire's struggle against in the Crimean War?

answer: the incursions of the Russian Empire

text: the incursions of the Russian Empire

question: The Ottoman Empire eventually lost control of what region?

answer: the Balkan region

text: the Balkan region


text: New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum. and Supreme Court of India Museum.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: New

text: Delhi

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Indira

text: Gandhi

text: Memorial

text: Museum

text: National

text: Gallery

text: of

text: Modern

text: Art

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: National

text: Rail

text: Museum

text: National

text: Handicrafts

text: and

text: Handlooms

text: Museum

text: National

text: Philatelic

text: Museum

text: Nehru

text: Planetarium

text: Shankar

text: 's

text: International

text: Dolls

text: Museum

text: and

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: Museum

question: What is the name of the doll themed museum located in New Delhi?

answer: Shankar's International Dolls Museum

text: Shankar's International Dolls Museum

question: What is the name of the major railroad related museum located in New Delhi?

answer: National Rail Museum

text: National Rail Museum

question: The Supreme Court of India Museum is located in what major city?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: The National Philatelic Museum is located in which large Indian city?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: What is the name of the modern art museum located in new Delhi?

answer: National Gallery of Modern Art

text: National Gallery of Modern Art


text: Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly found in themselves. By utilizing these relationships, adolescents become more accepting of who they are becoming. Group norms and values are incorporated into an adolescent’s own self-concept. Through developing new communication skills and reflecting upon those of their peers, as well as self-opinions and values, an adolescent can share and express emotions and other concerns without fear of rejection or judgment. Peer groups can have positive influences on an individual, such as on academic motivation and performance. However, while peers may facilitate social development for one another they may also hinder it. Peers can have negative influences, such as encouraging experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing through peer pressure. Susceptibility to peer pressure increases during early adolescence, peaks around age 14, and declines thereafter. Further evidence of peers hindering social development has been found in Spanish teenagers, where emotional (rather than solution-based) reactions to problems and emotional instability have been linked with physical aggression against peers. Both physical and relational aggression are linked to a vast number of enduring psychological difficulties, especially depression, as is social rejection. Because of this, bullied adolescents often develop problems that lead to further victimization. Bullied adolescents are both more likely to continued to be bullied and to bully others in the future. However, this relationship is less stable in cases of cyberbullying, a relatively new issue among adolescents.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Communication

text: within

text: peer

text: groups

text: allows

text: adolescents

text: to

text: explore

text: their

text: feelings

text: and

text: identity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: develop

text: and

text: evaluate

text: their

text: social

text: skills

text: Peer

text: groups

text: offer

text: members

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: develop

text: social

text: skills

text: such

text: as

text: empathy

text: sharing

text: and

text: leadership

text: Adolescents

text: choose

text: peer

text: groups

text: based

text: on

text: characteristics

text: similarly

text: found

text: in

text: themselves

text: By

text: utilizing

text: these

text: relationships

text: adolescents

text: become

text: more

text: accepting

text: of

text: who

text: they

text: are

text: becoming

text: Group

text: norms

text: and

text: values

text: are

text: incorporated

text: into

text: an

text: adolescent

text: ’s

text: own

text: self

text: concept

text: Through

text: developing

text: new

text: communication

text: skills

text: and

text: reflecting

text: upon

text: those

text: of

text: their

text: peers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: self

text: opinions

text: and

text: values

text: an

text: adolescent

text: can

text: share

text: and

text: express

text: emotions

text: and

text: other

text: concerns

text: without

text: fear

text: of

text: rejection

text: or

text: judgment

text: Peer

text: groups

text: can

text: have

text: positive

text: influences

text: on

text: an

text: individual

text: such

text: as

text: on

text: academic

text: motivation

text: and

text: performance

text: However

text: while

text: peers

text: may

text: facilitate

text: social

text: development

text: for

text: one

text: another

text: they

text: may

text: also

text: hinder

text: it

text: Peers

text: can

text: have

text: negative

text: influences

text: such

text: as

text: encouraging

text: experimentation

text: with

text: drugs

text: drinking

text: vandalism

text: and

text: stealing

text: through

text: peer

text: pressure

text: Susceptibility

text: to

text: peer

text: pressure

text: increases

text: during

text: early

text: adolescence

text: peaks

text: around

text: age

text: and

text: declines

text: thereafter

text: Further

text: evidence

text: of

text: peers

text: hindering

text: social

text: development

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Spanish

text: teenagers

text: where

text: emotional

text: rather

text: than

text: solution

text: based

text: reactions

text: to

text: problems

text: and

text: emotional

text: instability

text: have

text: been

text: linked

text: with

text: physical

text: aggression

text: against

text: peers

text: Both

text: physical

text: and

text: relational

text: aggression

text: are

text: linked

text: to

text: a

text: vast

text: number

text: of

text: enduring

text: psychological

text: difficulties

text: especially

text: depression

text: as

text: is

text: social

text: rejection

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: bullied

text: adolescents

text: often

text: develop

text: problems

text: that

text: lead

text: to

text: further

text: victimization

text: Bullied

text: adolescents

text: are

text: both

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: bullied

text: and

text: to

text: bully

text: others

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: However

text: this

text: relationship

text: is

text: less

text: stable

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: cyberbullying

text: a

text: relatively

text: new

text: issue

text: among

text: adolescents

question: What is one area in which peer groups can have positive influences on an individual?

answer: academic motivation and performance

text: academic motivation and performance

question: What are some of the negative experiences that peer pressure can influence during adolescence?

answer: experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing

text: experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing

question: At what age does succeptability to peer pressure peak?

answer: 14

question: What are some social skills that peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop?

answer: empathy, sharing, and leadership

text: empathy, sharing, and leadership


text: Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms put organisms at a selective advantage in evolutionary terms. However, rhythmicity appears to be as important in regulating and coordinating internal metabolic processes, as in coordinating with the environment. This is suggested by the maintenance (heritability) of circadian rhythms in fruit flies after several hundred generations in constant laboratory conditions, as well as in creatures in constant darkness in the wild, and by the experimental elimination of behavioral, but not physiological, circadian rhythms in quail.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Circadian

text: rhythms

text: allow

text: organisms

text: to

text: anticipate

text: and

text: prepare

text: for

text: precise

text: and

text: regular

text: environmental

text: changes

text: They

text: thus

text: enable

text: organisms

text: to

text: best

text: capitalize

text: on

text: environmental

text: resources

text: e.g.

text: light

text: and

text: food

text: compared

text: to

text: those

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: predict

text: such

text: availability

text: It

text: has

text: therefore

text: been

text: suggested

text: that

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: put

text: organisms

text: at

text: a

text: selective

text: advantage

text: in

text: evolutionary

text: terms

text: However

text: rhythmicity

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: as

text: important

text: in

text: regulating

text: and

text: coordinating

text: internal

text: metabolic

text: processes

text: as

text: in

text: coordinating

text: with

text: the

text: environment

text: This

text: is

text: suggested

text: by

text: the

text: maintenance

text: heritability

text: of

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: in

text: fruit

text: flies

text: after

text: several

text: hundred

text: generations

text: in

text: constant

text: laboratory

text: conditions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: creatures

text: in

text: constant

text: darkness

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: experimental

text: elimination

text: of

text: behavioral

text: but

text: not

text: physiological

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: in

text: quail

question: For what do Circadian rhythms let an organism prepare?

answer: environmental changes

text: environmental changes

question: What can an organism that uses circadian rhythms use to its advantage that others can not?

answer: resources

text: resources

question: By better using resources, how does that improve an organism's chances of surviving?

answer: selective advantage

text: selective advantage

question: By improving what processes does the use of circadian rhythms serve to benefit the individual?

answer: internal metabolic

text: internal metabolic

question: What insect has been studied concerning the inheritability of rhythms?

answer: fruit flies

text: fruit flies


text: St. John's is served by St. John's International Airport (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core. In 2011, roughly 1,400,000 passengers travelled through the airport making it the second busiest airport in Atlantic Canada in passenger volume. Regular destinations include Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, as well as destinations throughout the province. International locations include Dublin, London, New York City, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Glasgow and Varadero. Scheduled service providers include Air Canada, Air Canada Jazz, Air Saint-Pierre, Air Transat, United Airlines, Porter Airlines, Provincial Airlines, Sunwing Airlines and Westjet.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: International

text: Airport

text: YYT

text: located

text: minutes

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: downtown

text: core

text: In

text: roughly

text: passengers

text: travelled

text: through

text: the

text: airport

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: second

text: busiest

text: airport

text: in

text: Atlantic

text: Canada

text: in

text: passenger

text: volume

text: Regular

text: destinations

text: include

text: Halifax

text: Montreal

text: Ottawa

text: Toronto

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: destinations

text: throughout

text: the

text: province

text: International

text: locations

text: include

text: Dublin

text: London

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: and

text: Miquelon

text: Glasgow

text: and

text: Varadero

text: Scheduled

text: service

text: providers

text: include

text: Air

text: Canada

text: Air

text: Canada

text: Jazz

text: Air

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: Air

text: Transat

text: United

text: Airlines

text: Porter

text: Airlines

text: Provincial

text: Airlines

text: Sunwing

text: Airlines

text: and

text: Westjet

question: How far is St. John's International Airport from the downtown core?

answer: 10 minutes

text: 10 minutes

question: About how many passengers travelled through St. John's International Airport in 2011?

answer: 1,400,000

question: What is the airport code for St. John's International Airport?

answer: YYT

text: YYT

question: What airport is approximately 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core?

answer: St. John's International

text: St. John's International


text: The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (христиане, крестьяне) and Russians (русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term "крестьяне" acquired the meaning "peasants of Christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the "Pravoslav faith" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера). Also in some contexts the term "cossack" (козак, казак - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language.

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: The

text: region

text: of

text: modern

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Central

text: Eurasia

text: Russia

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: ex

text: USSR

text: have

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Christian

text: communities

text: on

text: its

text: lands

text: In

text: ancient

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Christ

text: when

text: this

text: region

text: was

text: called[by

text: whom

text: Scythia

text: Christians

text: already

text: lived

text: there

text: Later

text: the

text: region

text: saw

text: the

text: first

text: states

text: to

text: adopt

text: Christianity

text: officially

text: initially

text: in

text: Armenia

text: AD

text: and

text: in

text: Georgia

text: AD

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Russian

text: Principality

text: Kyivan

text: Rus

text: Russian

text: Великое

text: княжество

text: Русское

text: ca

text: AD

text: People

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: used

text: to

text: denote

text: themselves

text: Christians

text: христиане

text: крестьяне

text: and

text: Russians

text: русские

text: Both

text: terms

text: had

text: strong

text: Christian

text: connotations.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: interesting

text: that

text: in

text: time

text: the

text: term

text: крестьяне

text: acquired

text: the

text: meaning

text: peasants

text: of

text: Christian

text: faith

text: and

text: later

text: peasants

text: the

text: main

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: while

text: the

text: term

text: христиане

text: retained

text: its

text: religious

text: meaning

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: русские

text: began

text: to

text: mean

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: heterogeneous

text: Russian

text: nation

text: formed

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: common

text: Christian

text: faith

text: and

text: language,[citation

text: needed

text: which

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: the

text: history

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: Pravoslav

text: faith

text: православная

text: вера

text: Orthodox

text: faith

text: or

text: Russian

text: faith

text: русская

text: вера

text: from

text: earliest

text: times

text: became

text: almost

text: as

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: Christian

text: faith

text: христианская

text: крестьянская

text: вера

text: Also

text: in

text: some

text: contexts

text: the

text: term

text: cossack

text: козак

text: казак

text: free

text: man

text: by

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: God

text: was

text: used[by

text: whom

text: to

text: denote

text: free

text: Christians

text: of

text: steppe

text: origin

text: and

text: Russian

text: language

question: What was the region of Eastern Europe called in 1 AD?

answer: Scythia

text: Scythia

question: What was the first state in this region to adopt Christianity?

answer: Armenia

text: Armenia

question: When did Armenia adopt Christianity?

answer: 301 AD

text: 301 AD

question: When did Georgia adopt Christianity?

answer: 337 AD

text: 337 AD

question: What nearly was known as the original 'Christian faith'?

answer: Pravoslav faith

text: Pravoslav faith


text: According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In such a context one can conflate materialism with atheism. Most of Hinduism and transcendentalism regards all matter as an illusion called Maya, blinding humans from knowing "the truth". Maya is the limited, purely physical and mental reality in which our everyday consciousness has become entangled. Maya gets destroyed for a person when s/he perceives Brahman with transcendental knowledge.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: materialism

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: philosophical

text: system

text: which

text: regards

text: matter

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: reality

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: denies

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: soul

text: Materialism

text: in

text: this

text: view

text: therefore

text: becomes

text: incompatible

text: with

text: most

text: world

text: religions

text: including

text: Christianity

text: Judaism

text: and

text: Islam

text: In

text: such

text: a

text: context

text: one

text: can

text: conflate

text: materialism

text: with

text: atheism

text: Most

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: transcendentalism

text: regards

text: all

text: matter

text: as

text: an

text: illusion

text: called

text: Maya

text: blinding

text: humans

text: from

text: knowing

text: the

text: truth

text: Maya

text: is

text: the

text: limited

text: purely

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: reality

text: in

text: which

text: our

text: everyday

text: consciousness

text: has

text: become

text: entangled

text: Maya

text: gets

text: destroyed

text: for

text: a

text: person

text: when

text: s

text: he

text: perceives

text: Brahman

text: with

text: transcendental

text: knowledge

question: Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?

answer: religions

text: religions


text: Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth's crust, or about 5 million years' worth at the current rate of extraction). However, only a tiny fraction of these reserves is economically viable, given present-day prices and technologies. Various estimates of existing copper reserves available for mining vary from 25 years to 60 years, depending on core assumptions such as the growth rate. Recycling is a major source of copper in the modern world. Because of these and other factors, the future of copper production and supply is the subject of much debate, including the concept of peak copper, analogous to peak oil.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: but

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: copper

text: ever

text: mined

text: and

text: smelted

text: has

text: been

text: extracted

text: since

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: was

text: extracted

text: in

text: only

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: As

text: with

text: many

text: natural

text: resources

text: the

text: total

text: amount

text: of

text: copper

text: on

text: Earth

text: is

text: vast

text: around

text: tons

text: just

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: kilometer

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: or

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: worth

text: at

text: the

text: current

text: rate

text: of

text: extraction

text: However

text: only

text: a

text: tiny

text: fraction

text: of

text: these

text: reserves

text: is

text: economically

text: viable

text: given

text: present

text: day

text: prices

text: and

text: technologies

text: Various

text: estimates

text: of

text: existing

text: copper

text: reserves

text: available

text: for

text: mining

text: vary

text: from

text: years

text: to

text: years

text: depending

text: on

text: core

text: assumptions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: growth

text: rate

text: Recycling

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: copper

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: world

text: Because

text: of

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: factors

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: copper

text: production

text: and

text: supply

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: much

text: debate

text: including

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: peak

text: copper

text: analogous

text: to

text: peak

text: oil

question: How long has copper been in use?

answer: at least 10,000 years

text: at least 10,000 years

question: What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900?

answer: 95%

question: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years?

answer: more than half

text: more than half

question: How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth?

answer: 1014 tons

text: 1014 tons

question: What is a major source of cooper in modern times?

answer: Recycling

text: Recycling


text: Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Allusions

text: to

text: legal

text: issues

text: in

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: particularly

text: in

text: scenes

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: courtroom

text: has

text: drawn

text: the

text: attention

text: from

text: legal

text: scholars

text: Claudia

text: Durst

text: Johnson

text: writes

text: that

text: a

text: greater

text: volume

text: of

text: critical

text: readings

text: has

text: been

text: amassed

text: by

text: two

text: legal

text: scholars

text: in

text: law

text: journals

text: than

text: by

text: all

text: the

text: literary

text: scholars

text: in

text: literary

text: journals

text: The

text: opening

text: quote

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: essayist

text: Charles

text: Lamb

text: reads

text: Lawyers

text: I

text: suppose

text: were

text: children

text: once

text: Johnson

text: notes

text: that

text: even

text: in

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: 's

text: childhood

text: world

text: compromises

text: and

text: treaties

text: are

text: struck

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: spitting

text: on

text: one

text: 's

text: palm

text: and

text: laws

text: are

text: discussed

text: by

text: Atticus

text: and

text: his

text: children

text: is

text: it

text: right

text: that

text: Bob

text: Ewell

text: hunts

text: and

text: traps

text: out

text: of

text: season

text: Many

text: social

text: codes

text: are

text: broken

text: by

text: people

text: in

text: symbolic

text: courtrooms

text: Mr.

text: Dolphus

text: Raymond

text: has

text: been

text: exiled

text: by

text: society

text: for

text: taking

text: a

text: black

text: woman

text: as

text: his

text: common

text: law

text: wife

text: and

text: having

text: interracial

text: children

text: Mayella

text: Ewell

text: is

text: beaten

text: by

text: her

text: father

text: in

text: punishment

text: for

text: kissing

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: by

text: being

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: non

text: person

text: Boo

text: Radley

text: receives

text: a

text: punishment

text: far

text: greater

text: than

text: any

text: court

text: could

text: have

text: given

text: him

text: Scout

text: repeatedly

text: breaks

text: codes

text: and

text: laws

text: and

text: reacts

text: to

text: her

text: punishment

text: for

text: them

text: For

text: example

text: she

text: refuses

text: to

text: wear

text: frilly

text: clothes

text: saying

text: that

text: Aunt

text: Alexandra

text: 's

text: fanatical

text: attempts

text: to

text: place

text: her

text: in

text: them

text: made

text: her

text: feel

text: a

text: pink

text: cotton

text: penitentiary

text: closing

text: in

text: on

text: her

text: Johnson

text: states

text: t]he

text: novel

text: is

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: how

text: Jem

text: and

text: Scout

text: begin

text: to

text: perceive

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: social

text: codes

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: configuration

text: of

text: relationships

text: dictated

text: by

text: or

text: set

text: off

text: by

text: those

text: codes

text: fails

text: or

text: nurtures

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: their

text: small

text: worlds

question: Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?

answer: Dolphus Raymond

text: Dolphus Raymond

question: Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children?

answer: Lawyers

text: Lawyers

question: What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?

answer: frilly clothes

text: frilly clothes


text: The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: actual

text: substance

text: of

text: English

text: law

text: was

text: formally

text: received

text: into

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: several

text: ways

text: First

text: all

text: U.S.

text: states

text: except

text: Louisiana

text: have

text: enacted

text: reception

text: statutes

text: which

text: generally

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: common

text: law

text: of

text: England

text: particularly

text: judge

text: made

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: repugnant

text: to

text: domestic

text: law

text: or

text: indigenous

text: conditions

text: Some

text: reception

text: statutes

text: impose

text: a

text: specific

text: cutoff

text: date

text: for

text: reception

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: a

text: colony

text: 's

text: founding

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: deliberately

text: vague

text: Thus

text: contemporary

text: U.S.

text: courts

text: often

text: cite

text: pre

text: Revolution

text: cases

text: when

text: discussing

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: an

text: ancient

text: judge

text: made

text: common

text: law

text: principle

text: into

text: its

text: modern

text: form

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: heightened

text: duty

text: of

text: care

text: traditionally

text: imposed

text: upon

text: common

text: carriers

question: Reception statues are generally the same as what law?

answer: the common law of England

text: the common law of England

question: Who sites pre-revolution cases when discussion evolution of judge-made law?

answer: contemporary U.S. courts

text: contemporary U.S. courts

question: Which US State did not  enact reception statues?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?

answer: common law of England

text: common law of England

question: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: Some reception statutes impose what?

answer: a specific cutoff date

text: a specific cutoff date

question: Modern courts often cite which period in history cases when discussing changes in law?

answer: pre-Revolution

text: pre-Revolution

question: What are reception statutes?

answer: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state

text: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state

question: When are reception statutes invaild?

answer: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions

text: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions

question: Where did the bulk of the US's starting laws come from?

answer: English law

text: English law

question: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: What kind of case would a contemporary lawyer discuss when talking about an ancient judge-made common law principle?

answer: pre-Revolution

text: pre-Revolution


text: The Battle of Osan, the first significant American engagement of the Korean War, involved the 540-soldier Task Force Smith, which was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division which had been flown in from Japan. On 5 July 1950, Task Force Smith attacked the North Koreans at Osan but without weapons capable of destroying the North Koreans' tanks. They were unsuccessful; the result was 180 dead, wounded, or taken prisoner. The KPA progressed southwards, pushing back the US force at Pyongtaek, Chonan, and Chochiwon, forcing the 24th Division's retreat to Taejeon, which the KPA captured in the Battle of Taejon; the 24th Division suffered 3,602 dead and wounded and 2,962 captured, including the Division's Commander, Major General William F. Dean.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Osan

text: the

text: first

text: significant

text: American

text: engagement

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: involved

text: the

text: Task

text: Force

text: Smith

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: small

text: forward

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: flown

text: in

text: from

text: Japan

text: On

text: July

text: Task

text: Force

text: Smith

text: attacked

text: the

text: North

text: Koreans

text: at

text: Osan

text: but

text: without

text: weapons

text: capable

text: of

text: destroying

text: the

text: North

text: Koreans

text: tanks

text: They

text: were

text: unsuccessful

text: the

text: result

text: was

text: dead

text: wounded

text: or

text: taken

text: prisoner

text: The

text: KPA

text: progressed

text: southwards

text: pushing

text: back

text: the

text: US

text: force

text: at

text: Pyongtaek

text: Chonan

text: and

text: Chochiwon

text: forcing

text: the

text: Division

text: 's

text: retreat

text: to

text: Taejeon

text: which

text: the

text: KPA

text: captured

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Taejon

text: the

text: Division

text: suffered

text: dead

text: and

text: wounded

text: and

text: captured

text: including

text: the

text: Division

text: 's

text: Commander

text: Major

text: General

text: William

text: F.

text: Dean

question: What battle is considered the US's first significant fight in the Korean War?

answer: Battle of Osan

text: Battle of Osan

question: Which infantry division was involved in the Battle of Osan?

answer: 24th Infantry Division

text: 24th Infantry Division

question: Where was the 24th Division forced to retreat to what location?

answer: Taejeon

text: Taejeon

question: At what Battle did the 24th Infantry Division suffer major losses?

answer: Battle of Taejon

text: Battle of Taejon

question: In what country is the US's Task Force Smith located?

answer: Japan

text: Japan