text: It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status. During that period, regular script continued evolving stylistically, reaching full maturity in the early Tang dynasty. Some call the writing of the early Tang calligrapher Ouyang Xun (557–641) the first mature regular script. After this point, although developments in the art of calligraphy and in character simplification still lay ahead, there were no more major stages of evolution for the mainstream script.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: dynasties

text: that

text: regular

text: script

text: rose

text: to

text: dominant

text: status

text: During

text: that

text: period

text: regular

text: script

text: continued

text: evolving

text: stylistically

text: reaching

text: full

text: maturity

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Tang

text: dynasty

text: Some

text: call

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Tang

text: calligrapher

text: Ouyang

text: Xun

text: the

text: first

text: mature

text: regular

text: script

text: After

text: this

text: point

text: although

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: calligraphy

text: and

text: in

text: character

text: simplification

text: still

text: lay

text: ahead

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: more

text: major

text: stages

text: of

text: evolution

text: for

text: the

text: mainstream

text: script

question: What were the North and South considered as?

answer: dynasties

text: dynasties

question: What continued to evolve stylistically?

answer: regular script

text: regular script

question: What script saw no more stages of evolution?

answer: mainstream

text: mainstream


text: Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Initially

text: sympathetic

text: to

text: Wieser

text: 's

text: democratic

text: socialism

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: economic

text: thinking

text: shifted

text: away

text: from

text: socialism

text: and

text: toward

text: the

text: classical

text: liberalism

text: of

text: Carl

text: Menger

text: after

text: reading

text: von

text: Mises

text: book

text: Socialism

text: It

text: was

text: sometime

text: after

text: reading

text: Socialism

text: that

text: Hayek

text: began

text: attending

text: von

text: Mises

text: private

text: seminars

text: joining

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: university

text: friends

text: including

text: Fritz

text: Machlup

text: Alfred

text: Schutz

text: Felix

text: Kaufmann

text: and

text: Gottfried

text: Haberler

text: who

text: were

text: also

text: participating

text: in

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: own

text: more

text: general

text: private

text: seminar

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: that

text: he

text: also

text: encountered

text: and

text: befriended

text: noted

text: political

text: philosopher

text: Eric

text: Voegelin

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: retained

text: a

text: long

text: standing

text: relationship

question: What ideology was Hayek originally in support of?

answer: democratic socialism

text: democratic socialism

question: What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology?

answer: reading von Mises' book Socialism

text: reading von Mises' book Socialism

question: During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with?

answer: Eric Voegelin

text: Eric Voegelin

question: What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward?

answer: classical liberalism

text: classical liberalism

question: Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support?

answer: Carl Menger

text: Carl Menger


text: In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese, Catalans, Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava, laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender. Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave. Poets such as Ibn al-Abbar and Ibn Amira mourned this exile from their beloved Valencia. After the Christian victory and the expulsion of the Muslim population the city was divided between those who had participated in the conquest, according to the testimony in the Llibre del Repartiment (Book of Distribution). James I granted the city new charters of law, the Furs of Valencia, which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia. Thenceforth the city entered a new historical stage in which a new society and a new language developed, forming the basis of the character of the Valencian people as they are known today.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: In

text: King

text: James

text: I

text: of

text: Aragon

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: composed

text: of

text: Aragonese

text: Catalans

text: Navarrese

text: and

text: crusaders

text: from

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Calatrava

text: laid

text: siege

text: to

text: Valencia

text: and

text: on

text: September

text: obtained

text: a

text: surrender

text: Fifty

text: thousand

text: Moors

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: leave

text: Poets

text: such

text: as

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Abbar

text: and

text: Ibn

text: Amira

text: mourned

text: this

text: exile

text: from

text: their

text: beloved

text: Valencia

text: After

text: the

text: Christian

text: victory

text: and

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: population

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: divided

text: between

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: conquest

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: testimony

text: in

text: the

text: Llibre

text: del

text: Repartiment

text: Book

text: of

text: Distribution

text: James

text: I

text: granted

text: the

text: city

text: new

text: charters

text: of

text: law

text: the

text: Furs

text: of

text: Valencia

text: which

text: later

text: were

text: extended

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Valencia

text: Thenceforth

text: the

text: city

text: entered

text: a

text: new

text: historical

text: stage

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: new

text: society

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: language

text: developed

text: forming

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: the

text: Valencian

text: people

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: today

question: What ruler attacked Valencia in 1238?

answer: King James I of Aragon

text: King James I of Aragon

question: When did Valencia surrender?

answer: 28 September

text: 28 September

question: Who was expelled from Valencia after James I's victory?

answer: the Muslim population

text: the Muslim population

question: What were Valencia's new charters called?

answer: Furs of Valencia

text: Furs of Valencia

question: What group did the crusaders who attacked Valencia belong to?

answer: Order of Calatrava

text: Order of Calatrava


text: In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: Europe

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: general

text: move

text: away

text: from

text: religious

text: observance

text: and

text: belief

text: in

text: Christian

text: teachings

text: and

text: a

text: move

text: towards

text: secularism

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: is

text: largely

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: secularism

text: Several

text: scholars

text: have

text: argued

text: for

text: a

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: secularism

text: and

text: Protestantism

text: attributing

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: wide

text: ranging

text: freedom

text: in

text: the

text: Protestant

text: countries

text: In

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Australia

text: Christian

text: religious

text: observance

text: is

text: much

text: higher

text: than

text: in

text: Europe

text: United

text: States

text: remains

text: particularly

text: religious

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: other

text: developed

text: countries

text: South

text: America

text: historically

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: has

text: experienced

text: a

text: large

text: Evangelical

text: and

text: Pentecostal

text: infusion

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

question: What direction has Europe moved towards?

answer: secularism

text: secularism

question: What caused the spread of secularism?

answer: The Enlightenment

text: The Enlightenment

question: What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance?

answer: North America, South America and Australia

text: North America, South America and Australia

question: When did South America show an increase in Evangelicals?

answer: the 20th and 21st centuries

text: the 20th and 21st centuries

question: What country is more religious than other developed nations?

answer: United States

text: United States


text: Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic. The akritic was created between the 9th and 10th centuries and expressed the life and struggles of the akrites (frontier guards) of the Byzantine empire, the most well known being the stories associated with Digenes Akritas. The klephtic cycle came into being between the late Byzantine period and the start of the Greek War of Independence. The klephtic cycle, together with historical songs, paraloghes (narrative song or ballad), love songs, mantinades, wedding songs, songs of exile and dirges express the life of the Greeks. There is a unity between the Greek people's struggles for freedom, their joys and sorrow and attitudes towards love and death.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Church

text: chant

text: and

text: music

text: the

text: Greek

text: people

text: also

text: cultivated

text: the

text: Greek

text: folk

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: cycles

text: the

text: akritic

text: and

text: klephtic

text: The

text: akritic

text: was

text: created

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: and

text: expressed

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: struggles

text: of

text: the

text: akrites

text: frontier

text: guards

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: empire

text: the

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: being

text: the

text: stories

text: associated

text: with

text: Digenes

text: Akritas

text: The

text: klephtic

text: cycle

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: between

text: the

text: late

text: Byzantine

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: The

text: klephtic

text: cycle

text: together

text: with

text: historical

text: songs

text: paraloghes

text: narrative

text: song

text: or

text: ballad

text: love

text: songs

text: mantinades

text: wedding

text: songs

text: songs

text: of

text: exile

text: and

text: dirges

text: express

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: unity

text: between

text: the

text: Greek

text: people

text: 's

text: struggles

text: for

text: freedom

text: their

text: joys

text: and

text: sorrow

text: and

text: attitudes

text: towards

text: love

text: and

text: death

question: What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?

answer: akritic and klephtic

text: akritic and klephtic

question: Between what centuries was the akritic cycle of Greek song created?

answer: 9th and 10th

text: 9th and 10th

question: Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks?

answer: klephtic

text: klephtic


text: The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and services, and affiliated professionals in the area. They lobby for and represent the interests of the industry at various levels, interacting with government and regulating bodies and presenting the case for the entertainment industry. Example subjects of this representation include the ongoing review of radio frequencies (which may or may not affect the radio bands in which wireless microphones and other devices use) and engaging with the issues surrounding the introduction of the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) regulations.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: The

text: Professional

text: Lighting

text: And

text: Sound

text: Association

text: PLASA

text: is

text: a

text: UK

text: based

text: trade

text: organisation

text: representing

text: the

text: individual

text: and

text: corporate

text: members

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: technical

text: services

text: sector

text: Its

text: members

text: include

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: distributors

text: of

text: stage

text: and

text: entertainment

text: lighting

text: sound

text: rigging

text: and

text: similar

text: products

text: and

text: services

text: and

text: affiliated

text: professionals

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: They

text: lobby

text: for

text: and

text: represent

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: industry

text: at

text: various

text: levels

text: interacting

text: with

text: government

text: and

text: regulating

text: bodies

text: and

text: presenting

text: the

text: case

text: for

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Example

text: subjects

text: of

text: this

text: representation

text: include

text: the

text: ongoing

text: review

text: of

text: radio

text: frequencies

text: which

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: radio

text: bands

text: in

text: which

text: wireless

text: microphones

text: and

text: other

text: devices

text: use

text: and

text: engaging

text: with

text: the

text: issues

text: surrounding

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: RoHS

text: Restriction

text: of

text: Hazardous

text: Substances

text: Directive

text: regulations

question: What does PLASA stand for?

answer: The Professional Lighting And Sound Association

text: The Professional Lighting And Sound Association

question: Where is PLASA based?

answer: UK

text: UK

question: How many individuals does PLASA represent?

answer: 500+

question: What does RoHS stand for?

answer: Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive

text: Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive


text: Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Ronaldinho also admitted that a lack of fitness affected his form. In La Liga, Barcelona were in first place for much of the season, but inconsistency in the New Year saw Real Madrid overtake them to become champions. Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey, winning the first leg against Getafe 5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's goal of the century, but then lost the second leg 4–0. They took part in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup, but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side Internacional. In the Champions League, Barcelona were knocked out of the competition in the last 16 by eventual runners-up Liverpool on away goals.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Despite

text: being

text: the

text: favourites

text: and

text: starting

text: strongly

text: Barcelona

text: finished

text: the

text: season

text: without

text: trophies

text: A

text: pre

text: season

text: US

text: tour

text: was

text: later

text: blamed

text: for

text: a

text: string

text: of

text: injuries

text: to

text: key

text: players

text: including

text: leading

text: scorer

text: Eto'o

text: and

text: rising

text: star

text: Lionel

text: Messi

text: There

text: was

text: open

text: feuding

text: as

text: Eto'o

text: publicly

text: criticized

text: coach

text: Frank

text: Rijkaard

text: and

text: Ronaldinho

text: Ronaldinho

text: also

text: admitted

text: that

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: fitness

text: affected

text: his

text: form

text: In

text: La

text: Liga

text: Barcelona

text: were

text: in

text: first

text: place

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: but

text: inconsistency

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Year

text: saw

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: overtake

text: them

text: to

text: become

text: champions

text: Barcelona

text: advanced

text: to

text: the

text: semi

text: finals

text: of

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: winning

text: the

text: first

text: leg

text: against

text: Getafe

text: with

text: a

text: goal

text: from

text: Messi

text: bringing

text: comparison

text: to

text: Diego

text: Maradona

text: 's

text: goal

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: then

text: lost

text: the

text: second

text: leg

text: They

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

text: but

text: were

text: beaten

text: by

text: a

text: late

text: goal

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: against

text: Brazilian

text: side

text: Internacional

text: In

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: Barcelona

text: were

text: knocked

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: by

text: eventual

text: runners

text: up

text: Liverpool

text: on

text: away

text: goals

question: How did Barcelona finish the 2006-07 season?

answer: without trophies

text: without trophies

question: What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars?

answer: US tour

text: US tour

question: What team beat Barcelona in La Liga in the 2006-07 season?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: To whom was Messi's goal in the first leg of the Copa del Rey compared?

answer: Diego Maradona

text: Diego Maradona

question: What team pushed Barcelona out of the Champions League play?

answer: Liverpool

text: Liverpool


text: Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-with-dualist (bhedābheda) perspectives. Vidyaranya in his works mentions three major schools of Shaiva thought— Pashupata Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña (Kashmir Shaivism).

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Early

text: history

text: of

text: Shaivism

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: determine

text: However

text: the

text: Śvetāśvatara

text: Upanishad

text: BCE

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: earliest

text: textual

text: exposition

text: of

text: a

text: systematic

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Shaivism

text: Shaivism

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: various

text: philosophical

text: schools

text: including

text: non

text: dualist

text: abheda

text: dualist

text: bheda

text: and

text: non

text: dualist

text: with

text: dualist

text: bhedābheda

text: perspectives

text: Vidyaranya

text: in

text: his

text: works

text: mentions

text: three

text: major

text: schools

text: of

text: Shaiva

text: thought—

text: Pashupata

text: Shaivism

text: Shaiva

text: Siddhanta

text: and

text: Pratyabhijña

text: Kashmir

text: Shaivism

question: In what text is Shaivism recounted?

answer: Śvetāśvatara Upanishad

text: Śvetāśvatara Upanishad

question: When was the text on Shaivism written?

answer: 400 – 200 BCE

text: 400 – 200 BCE

question: Who reported the major schools of Shaivism?

answer: Vidyaranya

text: Vidyaranya

question: How many major schools of Shaivism did Vidyaranya mention?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the Kashmir Shaivism mentioned by Vidyaranya?

answer: Pratyabhijña

text: Pratyabhijña


text: With the other special characters and control codes filled in, ASCII was published as ASA X3.4-1963, leaving 28 code positions without any assigned meaning, reserved for future standardization, and one unassigned control code.:66, 245 There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet.:435 The indecision did not last long: during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7, and International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voted during October to incorporate the change into its draft standard. The X3.2.4 task group voted its approval for the change to ASCII at its May 1963 meeting. Locating the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters to differ in bit pattern from the upper case by a single bit, which simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: With

text: the

text: other

text: special

text: characters

text: and

text: control

text: codes

text: filled

text: in

text: ASCII

text: was

text: published

text: as

text: ASA

text: leaving

text: code

text: positions

text: without

text: any

text: assigned

text: meaning

text: reserved

text: for

text: future

text: standardization

text: and

text: one

text: unassigned

text: control

text: There

text: was

text: some

text: debate

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: whether

text: there

text: should

text: be

text: more

text: control

text: characters

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: lowercase

text: The

text: indecision

text: did

text: not

text: last

text: long

text: during

text: May

text: the

text: CCITT

text: Working

text: Party

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: Telegraph

text: Alphabet

text: proposed

text: to

text: assign

text: lowercase

text: characters

text: to

text: columns

text: and

text: and

text: International

text: Organization

text: for

text: Standardization

text: TC

text: SC

text: voted

text: during

text: October

text: to

text: incorporate

text: the

text: change

text: into

text: its

text: draft

text: standard

text: The

text: task

text: group

text: voted

text: its

text: approval

text: for

text: the

text: change

text: to

text: ASCII

text: at

text: its

text: May

text: meeting

text: Locating

text: the

text: lowercase

text: letters

text: in

text: columns

text: and

text: caused

text: the

text: characters

text: to

text: differ

text: in

text: bit

text: pattern

text: from

text: the

text: upper

text: case

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: bit

text: which

text: simplified

text: case

text: insensitive

text: character

text: matching

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: keyboards

text: and

text: printers

question: What was ASCII published as and when?

answer: ASA X3.4-1963

text: ASA X3.4-1963

question: How many code positions were left unassigned for furture standardization?

answer: 28 code positions

text: 28 code positions

question: When was the change to ASCII made official?

answer: May 1963

text: May 1963

question: The lower case letters caused a differ in the patter, what did this cause?

answer: simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers

text: simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers


text: Initially, the vocalists consisted of artists such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, and others. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without selling out. Some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Initially

text: the

text: vocalists

text: consisted

text: of

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: Doris

text: Day

text: Johnny

text: Mathis

text: Connie

text: Francis

text: Nat

text: King

text: Cole

text: Perry

text: Como

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: custom

text: recordings

text: were

text: usually

text: instrumental

text: versions

text: of

text: current

text: or

text: recent

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: or

text: pop

text: hit

text: songs

text: a

text: move

text: intended

text: to

text: give

text: the

text: stations

text: more

text: mass

text: appeal

text: without

text: selling

text: out

text: Some

text: stations

text: would

text: also

text: occasionally

text: play

text: earlier

text: big

text: band

text: era

text: recordings

text: from

text: the

text: and

text: early

question: Along with Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Nat King Cole, and Perry Como, who was a prominent early adult contemporary radio artist?

answer: Connie Francis

text: Connie Francis

question: What type of covers of pop and rock songs were usually played on adult contemporary?

answer: instrumental

text: instrumental

question: What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play?

answer: big band-era recordings

text: big band-era recordings


text: The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) in 1991 and continues to develop standards based on that original work. The latest version of the standard, Unicode 8.0, was released in June 2015 and is available from the consortium's website. The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be published in book form was Unicode 5.0 (ISBN 0-321-48091-0), but since Unicode 6.0 the full text of the standard is no longer being published in book form. In 2012, however, it was announced that only the core specification for Unicode version 6.1 would be made available as a 692-page print-on-demand paperback. Unlike the previous major version printings of the Standard, the print-on-demand core specification does not include any code charts or standard annexes, but the entire standard, including the core specification, will still remain freely available on the Unicode website.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: The

text: Consortium

text: first

text: published

text: The

text: Unicode

text: Standard

text: ISBN

text: in

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: develop

text: standards

text: based

text: on

text: that

text: original

text: work

text: The

text: latest

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: Unicode

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: June

text: and

text: is

text: available

text: from

text: the

text: consortium

text: 's

text: website

text: The

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: versions

text: versions

text: to

text: be

text: published

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: was

text: Unicode

text: ISBN

text: but

text: since

text: Unicode

text: the

text: full

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: being

text: published

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: In

text: however

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: only

text: the

text: core

text: specification

text: for

text: Unicode

text: version

text: would

text: be

text: made

text: available

text: as

text: a

text: print

text: on

text: demand

text: paperback

text: Unlike

text: the

text: previous

text: major

text: version

text: printings

text: of

text: the

text: Standard

text: the

text: print

text: on

text: demand

text: core

text: specification

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: any

text: code

text: charts

text: or

text: standard

text: annexes

text: but

text: the

text: entire

text: standard

text: including

text: the

text: core

text: specification

text: will

text: still

text: remain

text: freely

text: available

text: on

text: the

text: Unicode

text: website

question: What does the print on demand, core version not include?

answer: any code charts or standard annexes

text: any code charts or standard annexes

question: When was the Unicode Standard first published?

answer: 1991

question: When was the latest version, Unicode 8.0, released?

answer: June 2015

text: June 2015

question: What was the last major version of Unicode to be published in book form?

answer: Unicode 5.0

text: Unicode 5.0

question: What year was it announced that only the core specification for Unicode would be printed in physical form?

answer: 2012


text: In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process. Two years later, in 1993, high-brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated again by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation using a gallium nitride growth process similar to Dr. Moustakas's. Both Dr. Moustakas and Mr. Nakamura were issued separate patents, which confused the issue of who was the original inventor (partly because although Dr. Moustakas invented his first, Dr. Nakamura filed first).[citation needed] This new development revolutionized LED lighting, making high-power blue light sources practical, leading to the development of technologies like BlueRay, as well as allowing the bright high resolution screens of modern tablets and phones.[citation needed]

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: key

text: breakthroughs

text: in

text: GaN

text: epitaxial

text: growth

text: and

text: p

text: type

text: doping

text: ushered

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: of

text: GaN

text: based

text: optoelectronic

text: devices

text: Building

text: upon

text: this

text: foundation

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: at

text: Boston

text: University

text: patented

text: a

text: method

text: for

text: producing

text: high

text: brightness

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: using

text: a

text: new

text: two

text: step

text: process

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: high

text: brightness

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: were

text: demonstrated

text: again

text: by

text: Shuji

text: Nakamura

text: of

text: Nichia

text: Corporation

text: using

text: a

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: growth

text: process

text: similar

text: to

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: 's

text: Both

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Nakamura

text: were

text: issued

text: separate

text: patents

text: which

text: confused

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: original

text: inventor

text: partly

text: because

text: although

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: invented

text: his

text: first

text: Dr.

text: Nakamura

text: filed

text: first).[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: new

text: development

text: revolutionized

text: LED

text: lighting

text: making

text: high

text: power

text: blue

text: light

text: sources

text: practical

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: technologies

text: like

text: BlueRay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: allowing

text: the

text: bright

text: high

text: resolution

text: screens

text: of

text: modern

text: tablets

text: and

text: phones.[citation

text: needed

question: In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices?

answer: 1980s

question: Who first patented a method to produce high-brightness blue LEDs?

answer: Shuji Nakamura

text: Shuji Nakamura

question: Who first invented a method to produce high-brightness blue LEDs?

answer: Dr. Moustakas

text: Dr. Moustakas

question: What technology was made possible by high-power blue light sources?

answer: BlueRay

text: BlueRay

question: What is one modern gadget that benefits from high-power blue LED lighting?

answer: tablets

text: tablets


text: Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.[citation needed] American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: Although

text: anthropologists

text: worldwide

text: refer

text: to

text: Tylor

text: 's

text: definition

text: of

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: culture

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: unifying

text: concept

text: of

text: American

text: anthropology

text: where

text: it

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: universal

text: human

text: capacity

text: to

text: classify

text: and

text: encode

text: human

text: experiences

text: symbolically

text: and

text: to

text: communicate

text: symbolically

text: encoded

text: experiences

text: socially.[citation

text: needed

text: American

text: anthropology

text: is

text: organized

text: into

text: four

text: fields

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: research

text: on

text: culture

text: biological

text: anthropology

text: linguistic

text: anthropology

text: cultural

text: anthropology

text: and

text: archaeology

question: Who's definition of culture did anthropologist  accept?

answer: Tylor's

text: Tylor's

question: What four fields make up American anthropology which play a vital role on its research of culture?

answer: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.

text: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.

question: In which century did "culture" as a central concept of American anthropology emerge?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century


text: The Red Lion in Parliament Square is close to the Palace of Westminster and is consequently used by political journalists and members of parliament. The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote. The Punch Bowl, Mayfair was at one time jointly owned by Madonna and Guy Ritchie. The Coleherne public house in Earls Court was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s. It attracted many well-known patrons, such as Freddie Mercury, Kenny Everett and Rudolph Nureyev. It was used by the serial-killer Colin Ireland to pick up victims.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: Red

text: Lion

text: in

text: Parliament

text: Square

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: by

text: political

text: journalists

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: parliament

text: The

text: pub

text: is

text: equipped

text: with

text: a

text: Division

text: bell

text: that

text: summons

text: MPs

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: chamber

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: a

text: vote

text: The

text: Punch

text: Bowl

text: Mayfair

text: was

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: jointly

text: owned

text: by

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Guy

text: Ritchie

text: The

text: Coleherne

text: public

text: house

text: in

text: Earls

text: Court

text: was

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: gay

text: pub

text: from

text: the

text: It

text: attracted

text: many

text: well

text: known

text: patrons

text: such

text: as

text: Freddie

text: Mercury

text: Kenny

text: Everett

text: and

text: Rudolph

text: Nureyev

text: It

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: serial

text: killer

text: Colin

text: Ireland

text: to

text: pick

text: up

text: victims

question: Where is the Red Lion located?

answer: Parliament Square

text: Parliament Square

question: What notable feature of the Red Lion reflects its parliamentary connection?

answer: a Division bell

text: a Division bell

question: Who owned the Punch Bowl with Guy Ritchie?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: In what district of London was the Punch Bowl located?

answer: Mayfair

text: Mayfair

question: What pub was visited by Freddie Mercury?

answer: The Coleherne

text: The Coleherne


text: Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see." However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Victoria

text: wrote

text: to

text: her

text: uncle

text: Leopold

text: whom

text: Victoria

text: considered

text: her

text: best

text: and

text: kindest

text: adviser

text: to

text: thank

text: him

text: for

text: the

text: prospect

text: of

text: great

text: happiness

text: you

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: give

text: me

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: dear

text: Albert

text: He

text: possesses

text: every

text: quality

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: desired

text: to

text: render

text: me

text: perfectly

text: happy

text: He

text: is

text: so

text: sensible

text: so

text: kind

text: and

text: so

text: good

text: and

text: so

text: amiable

text: too

text: He

text: has

text: besides

text: the

text: most

text: pleasing

text: and

text: delightful

text: exterior

text: and

text: appearance

text: you

text: can

text: possibly

text: see

text: However

text: at

text: Victoria

text: though

text: interested

text: in

text: Albert

text: was

text: not

text: yet

text: ready

text: to

text: marry

text: The

text: parties

text: did

text: not

text: undertake

text: a

text: formal

text: engagement

text: but

text: assumed

text: that

text: the

text: match

text: would

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: due

text: time

question: Who was considered Victoria's best and kindest advisor?

answer: uncle Leopold

text: uncle Leopold

question: Who did Victoria describe as sensible, kind, and amiable?

answer: Albert

text: Albert

question: Who introduced Albert to Victoria?

answer: uncle Leopold

text: uncle Leopold

question: What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser?

answer: Leopold

text: Leopold

question: How old was Victoria when she met Albert?

answer: 17

question: Who introduced Victoria and Albert?

answer: her uncle Leopold

text: her uncle Leopold

question: What qualities did Victoria believe Albert posessed when she met him?

answer: every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

text: every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

question: Whom did Queen Victoria consider her "best and kindest adviser"?

answer: uncle Leopold

text: uncle Leopold

question: Who was Victoria not ready to marry at age 17?

answer: Albert

text: Albert

question: What was Victoria's opinion of Albert's appearance?

answer: the most pleasing and delightful exterior

text: the most pleasing and delightful exterior

question: Who did Victoria credit for her relationship to Albert?

answer: her uncle Leopold

text: her uncle Leopold

question: What did Victoria think of Albert at 17 years of age?

answer: He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

text: He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

question: What were Albert's best qualities?

answer: sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable

text: sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable

question: How did Victoria find Albert's looks?

answer: most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance

text: most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance

question: How old was Victoria when she was introduced to Albert?

answer: 17


text: The thoracic segments have one ganglion on each side, which are connected into a pair, one pair per segment. This arrangement is also seen in the abdomen but only in the first eight segments. Many species of insects have reduced numbers of ganglia due to fusion or reduction. Some cockroaches have just six ganglia in the abdomen, whereas the wasp Vespa crabro has only two in the thorax and three in the abdomen. Some insects, like the house fly Musca domestica, have all the body ganglia fused into a single large thoracic ganglion.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: thoracic

text: segments

text: have

text: one

text: ganglion

text: on

text: each

text: side

text: which

text: are

text: connected

text: into

text: a

text: pair

text: one

text: pair

text: per

text: segment

text: This

text: arrangement

text: is

text: also

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: but

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: eight

text: segments

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: insects

text: have

text: reduced

text: numbers

text: of

text: ganglia

text: due

text: to

text: fusion

text: or

text: reduction

text: Some

text: cockroaches

text: have

text: just

text: six

text: ganglia

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: whereas

text: the

text: wasp

text: Vespa

text: crabro

text: has

text: only

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: thorax

text: and

text: three

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: Some

text: insects

text: like

text: the

text: house

text: fly

text: Musca

text: domestica

text: have

text: all

text: the

text: body

text: ganglia

text: fused

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: large

text: thoracic

text: ganglion

question: What is on each side of a thoracic segment?

answer: ganglion

text: ganglion

question: How many ganglia are on each side of a thoracic segment?

answer: one

text: one

question: Ganglia are connected into a what?

answer: a pair

text: a pair

question: How many pairs of ganglia are in a segment?

answer: one pair

text: one pair

question: What other location on an insect are ganglia located?

answer: abdomen

text: abdomen


text: In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified "culture" with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing). Nevertheless, they saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: sociologists

text: and

text: other

text: scholars

text: influenced

text: by

text: Marxism

text: such

text: as

text: Stuart

text: Hall

text: and

text: Raymond

text: Williams

text: developed

text: cultural

text: studies

text: Following

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Romantics

text: they

text: identified

text: culture

text: with

text: consumption

text: goods

text: and

text: leisure

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: art

text: music

text: film

text: food

text: sports

text: and

text: clothing

text: Nevertheless

text: they

text: saw

text: patterns

text: of

text: consumption

text: and

text: leisure

text: as

text: determined

text: by

text: relations

text: of

text: production

text: which

text: led

text: them

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: class

text: relations

text: and

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: production

question: Which scientist was influenced by Marxism in the United Kingdom?

answer: Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988)

text: Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988)

question: What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams  they identify culture as?

answer: consumption goods and leisure activities

text: consumption goods and leisure activities

question: What made up Leisure activities and goods as viewed by Marxist?

answer: art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing

text: art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing

question: What led sociologist like Stuart and Raymond to focus on class relations and the organization of production?

answer: saw patterns of consumption and leisure

text: saw patterns of consumption and leisure


text: With high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But these "computer" mosaics have a different look than hand-made "artisanal" mosaics. With robotic production, colored tiles are loaded into buffers, and then the robot picks and places tiles individually according to a command file from the design software.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: With

text: high

text: cost

text: of

text: labor

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: production

text: automation

text: has

text: become

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: Rather

text: than

text: being

text: assembled

text: by

text: hand

text: mosaics

text: designed

text: using

text: computer

text: aided

text: design

text: CAD

text: software

text: can

text: be

text: assembled

text: by

text: a

text: robot

text: Production

text: can

text: be

text: greater

text: than

text: times

text: faster

text: with

text: higher

text: accuracy

text: But

text: these

text: computer

text: mosaics

text: have

text: a

text: different

text: look

text: than

text: hand

text: made

text: artisanal

text: mosaics

text: With

text: robotic

text: production

text: colored

text: tiles

text: are

text: loaded

text: into

text: buffers

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: robot

text: picks

text: and

text: places

text: tiles

text: individually

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: command

text: file

text: from

text: the

text: design

text: software

question: Why has production automation become popular?

answer: high cost of labor in developed countries

text: high cost of labor in developed countries

question: Which software can aid in the design of robotically created mosaics?

answer: CAD

text: CAD

question: How much faster is automated creation over handmade?

answer: 10 times faster

text: 10 times faster

question: How does the robot pick the tiles it places?

answer: a command file

text: a command file

question: What is not the same between hand made and robotic amde mosaics?

answer: different look

text: different look


text: Terms such as "long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP) describe multi-track records that play much longer than the single-item-per-side records, which typically do not go much past four minutes per side. An LP can play for up to 30 minutes per side, though most played for about 22 minutes per side, bringing the total playing time of a typical LP recording to about forty-five minutes. Many pre-1952 LPs, however, played for about 15 minutes per side. The 7-inch 45 rpm format normally contains one item per side but a 7-inch EP could achieve recording times of 10 to 15 minutes at the expense of attenuating and compressing the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were generally used to make available tracks not on singles including tracks on LPs albums in a smaller, less expensive format for those who had only 45 rpm players. The large center hole on 7-inch 45 rpm records allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms. The term "album", originally used to mean a "book" with liner notes, holding several 78 rpm records each in its own "page" or sleeve, no longer has any relation to the physical format: a single LP record, or nowadays more typically a compact disc.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Terms

text: such

text: as

text: long

text: play

text: LP

text: and

text: extended

text: play

text: EP

text: describe

text: multi

text: track

text: records

text: that

text: play

text: much

text: longer

text: than

text: the

text: single

text: item

text: per

text: side

text: records

text: which

text: typically

text: do

text: not

text: go

text: much

text: past

text: four

text: minutes

text: per

text: side

text: An

text: LP

text: can

text: play

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: minutes

text: per

text: side

text: though

text: most

text: played

text: for

text: about

text: minutes

text: per

text: side

text: bringing

text: the

text: total

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: a

text: typical

text: LP

text: recording

text: to

text: about

text: forty

text: five

text: minutes

text: Many

text: LPs

text: however

text: played

text: for

text: about

text: minutes

text: per

text: side

text: The

text: rpm

text: format

text: normally

text: contains

text: one

text: item

text: per

text: side

text: but

text: a

text: EP

text: could

text: achieve

text: recording

text: times

text: of

text: to

text: minutes

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: attenuating

text: and

text: compressing

text: the

text: sound

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: width

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: groove

text: EP

text: discs

text: were

text: generally

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: available

text: tracks

text: not

text: on

text: singles

text: including

text: tracks

text: on

text: LPs

text: albums

text: in

text: a

text: smaller

text: less

text: expensive

text: format

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: only

text: rpm

text: players

text: The

text: large

text: center

text: hole

text: on

text: rpm

text: records

text: allows

text: for

text: easier

text: handling

text: by

text: jukebox

text: mechanisms

text: The

text: term

text: album

text: originally

text: used

text: to

text: mean

text: a

text: book

text: with

text: liner

text: notes

text: holding

text: several

text: rpm

text: records

text: each

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: page

text: or

text: sleeve

text: no

text: longer

text: has

text: any

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: physical

text: format

text: a

text: single

text: LP

text: record

text: or

text: nowadays

text: more

text: typically

text: a

text: compact

text: disc

question: What terms are used for recording with more than one track?

answer: long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP

text: long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP

question: What is a typical max playing time of an LP?

answer: forty-five minutes

text: forty-five minutes

question: Which format is cheaper, LP or EP?

answer: LPs

text: LPs

question: Which format held recordings ranging from 10 to 15 minutes?

answer: 7-inch EP

text: 7-inch EP

question: What was a normal play time per side for LPs?

answer: 22 minutes

text: 22 minutes


text: Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Hogeschool

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Erasmus

text: Hogeschool

text: Brussel

text: are

text: currently

text: undergoing

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: academization

text: They

text: form

text: associations

text: with

text: a

text: university

text: and

text: integrate

text: research

text: into

text: the

text: curriculum

text: which

text: will

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: deliver

text: academic

text: master

text: 's

text: degrees

question: What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?

answer: academization

text: academization


text: While some birds are essentially territorial or live in small family groups, other birds may form large flocks. The principal benefits of flocking are safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency. Defence against predators is particularly important in closed habitats like forests, where ambush predation is common and multiple eyes can provide a valuable early warning system. This has led to the development of many mixed-species feeding flocks, which are usually composed of small numbers of many species; these flocks provide safety in numbers but increase potential competition for resources. Costs of flocking include bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds and the reduction of feeding efficiency in certain cases.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: While

text: some

text: birds

text: are

text: essentially

text: territorial

text: or

text: live

text: in

text: small

text: family

text: groups

text: other

text: birds

text: may

text: form

text: large

text: flocks

text: The

text: principal

text: benefits

text: of

text: flocking

text: are

text: safety

text: in

text: numbers

text: and

text: increased

text: foraging

text: efficiency

text: Defence

text: against

text: predators

text: is

text: particularly

text: important

text: in

text: closed

text: habitats

text: like

text: forests

text: where

text: ambush

text: predation

text: is

text: common

text: and

text: multiple

text: eyes

text: can

text: provide

text: a

text: valuable

text: early

text: warning

text: system

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: many

text: mixed

text: species

text: feeding

text: flocks

text: which

text: are

text: usually

text: composed

text: of

text: small

text: numbers

text: of

text: many

text: species

text: these

text: flocks

text: provide

text: safety

text: in

text: numbers

text: but

text: increase

text: potential

text: competition

text: for

text: resources

text: Costs

text: of

text: flocking

text: include

text: bullying

text: of

text: socially

text: subordinate

text: birds

text: by

text: more

text: dominant

text: birds

text: and

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: feeding

text: efficiency

text: in

text: certain

text: cases

question: What are the principal benefits of flocking?

answer: safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency

text: safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency

question: What is a cost of flocking?

answer: bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds

text: bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds

question: What is particularly important in closed habitats like forests?

answer: Defence against predators

text: Defence against predators


text: The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts. These include Tibetan hats, jewelry (silver and gold), wooden items, clothing, quilts, fabrics, Tibetan rugs and carpets. The Central People's Government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. However most of this investment goes to pay migrant workers who do not settle in Tibet and send much of their income home to other provinces.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: main

text: crops

text: grown

text: are

text: barley

text: wheat

text: buckwheat

text: rye

text: potatoes

text: and

text: assorted

text: fruits

text: and

text: vegetables

text: Tibet

text: is

text: ranked

text: the

text: lowest

text: among

text: China

text: ’s

text: provinces

text: on

text: the

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: according

text: to

text: UN

text: Development

text: Programme

text: data

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: due

text: to

text: increased

text: interest

text: in

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: tourism

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: increasingly

text: important

text: sector

text: and

text: is

text: actively

text: promoted

text: by

text: the

text: authorities

text: Tourism

text: brings

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: handicrafts

text: These

text: include

text: Tibetan

text: hats

text: jewelry

text: silver

text: and

text: gold

text: wooden

text: items

text: clothing

text: quilts

text: fabrics

text: Tibetan

text: rugs

text: and

text: carpets

text: The

text: Central

text: People

text: 's

text: Government

text: exempts

text: Tibet

text: from

text: all

text: taxation

text: and

text: provides

text: of

text: Tibet

text: 's

text: government

text: expenditures

text: However

text: most

text: of

text: this

text: investment

text: goes

text: to

text: pay

text: migrant

text: workers

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: settle

text: in

text: Tibet

text: and

text: send

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: income

text: home

text: to

text: other

text: provinces

question: Where is Tibet ranked among China's 31 provinces on the UN's Human Development Index?

answer: lowest

text: lowest

question: What has increased tourism to Tibet in recent years?

answer: increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism

text: increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism

question: What is Tibet exempt from?

answer: all taxation

text: all taxation

question: From which area does tourism bring the most income?

answer: sale of handicrafts

text: sale of handicrafts


text: Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and automobile parts manufacturer Continental AG, they have a coal-burning power plant. Continental AG, founded in Hanover in 1871, is one of the city's major companies, as is Sennheiser. Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks. TUI AG has its HQ in Hanover. Hanover is home to many insurance companies, many of which operate only in Germany. One major global reinsurance company is Hannover Re, whose headquarters are east of the city centre.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: Various

text: industrial

text: businesses

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Hannover

text: The

text: Volkswagen

text: Commercial

text: Vehicles

text: Transporter

text: VWN

text: factory

text: at

text: Hannover

text: Stöcken

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: employer

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: operates

text: a

text: huge

text: plant

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: town

text: adjoining

text: the

text: Mittellandkanal

text: and

text: Motorway

text: Jointly

text: with

text: a

text: factory

text: of

text: German

text: tire

text: and

text: automobile

text: parts

text: manufacturer

text: Continental

text: AG

text: they

text: have

text: a

text: coal

text: burning

text: power

text: plant

text: Continental

text: AG

text: founded

text: in

text: Hanover

text: in

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: major

text: companies

text: as

text: is

text: Sennheiser

text: Since

text: a

text: take

text: over

text: is

text: in

text: progress

text: the

text: Schaeffler

text: Group

text: from

text: Herzogenaurach

text: Bavaria

text: holds

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: stock

text: but

text: were

text: required

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

text: to

text: deposit

text: the

text: options

text: as

text: securities

text: at

text: banks

text: TUI

text: AG

text: has

text: its

text: HQ

text: in

text: Hanover

text: Hanover

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: insurance

text: companies

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: operate

text: only

text: in

text: Germany

text: One

text: major

text: global

text: reinsurance

text: company

text: is

text: Hannover

text: Re

text: whose

text: headquarters

text: are

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: centre

question: What does VWN stand for?

answer: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter

text: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter

question: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in?

answer: northern edge of town

text: northern edge of town

question: Which company was founded in Hanover in 1871?

answer: Continental AG

text: Continental AG

question: Where does TUI AG host their headquarters?

answer: Hanover

text: Hanover

question: Which major global reinsurance company has their headquarters east of the city center?

answer: Hannover Re

text: Hannover Re


text: Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Operation

text: Torch

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: valuable

text: training

text: ground

text: for

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: combat

text: command

text: skills

text: during

text: the

text: initial

text: phase

text: of

text: Generalfeldmarschall

text: Erwin

text: Rommel

text: 's

text: move

text: into

text: the

text: Kasserine

text: Pass

text: Eisenhower

text: created

text: some

text: confusion

text: in

text: the

text: ranks

text: by

text: some

text: interference

text: with

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: battle

text: plans

text: by

text: his

text: subordinates

text: He

text: also

text: was

text: initially

text: indecisive

text: in

text: his

text: removal

text: of

text: Lloyd

text: Fredendall

text: commanding

text: U.S.

text: II

text: Corps

text: He

text: became

text: more

text: adroit

text: in

text: such

text: matters

text: in

text: later

text: campaigns

text: In

text: February

text: his

text: authority

text: was

text: extended

text: as

text: commander

text: of

text: AFHQ

text: across

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: basin

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: British

text: Eighth

text: Army

text: commanded

text: by

text: General

text: Sir

text: Bernard

text: Montgomery

text: The

text: Eighth

text: Army

text: had

text: advanced

text: across

text: the

text: Western

text: Desert

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: was

text: ready

text: for

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Tunisia

text: Campaign

text: Eisenhower

text: gained

text: his

text: fourth

text: star

text: and

text: gave

text: up

text: command

text: of

text: ETOUSA

text: to

text: become

text: commander

text: of

text: NATOUSA

question: What was Rommel's rank?

answer: Generalfeldmarschall

text: Generalfeldmarschall

question: Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower?

answer: Lloyd Fredendall

text: Lloyd Fredendall

question: Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army?

answer: Bernard Montgomery

text: Bernard Montgomery

question: When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army?

answer: February 1943

text: February 1943

question: What did Eisenhower command after he commanded ETOUSA?

answer: NATOUSA

text: NATOUSA


text: The Polish term "szlachta" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as "nobilitas" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: Polish

text: term

text: szlachta

text: designated

text: the

text: formalized

text: hereditary

text: noble

text: class

text: of

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: In

text: official

text: Latin

text: documents

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Commonwealth

text: hereditary

text: szlachta

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: nobilitas

text: and

text: are

text: indeed

text: the

text: equivalent

text: in

text: legal

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: nobility

question: What term designated the noble class of polish Lithuania common wealth?

answer: szlachta

text: szlachta

question: What are two adjectives that best describe the szlachta?

answer: formalized, hereditary

text: formalized, hereditary

question: Who is referred to as nobilitas?

answer: hereditary szlachta

text: hereditary szlachta

question: What is the legal status of nobilitas?

answer: equivalent in legal status of the English nobility

text: equivalent in legal status of the English nobility


text: Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation. Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Primary

text: sex

text: characteristics

text: are

text: those

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: sex

text: organs

text: In

text: males

text: the

text: first

text: stages

text: of

text: puberty

text: involve

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: testes

text: and

text: scrotum

text: followed

text: by

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: penis

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: penis

text: develops

text: the

text: seminal

text: vesicles

text: the

text: prostate

text: and

text: the

text: bulbourethral

text: gland

text: also

text: enlarge

text: and

text: develop

text: The

text: first

text: ejaculation

text: of

text: seminal

text: fluid

text: generally

text: occurs

text: about

text: one

text: year

text: after

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: accelerated

text: penis

text: growth

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: determined

text: culturally

text: rather

text: than

text: biologically

text: since

text: for

text: many

text: boys

text: first

text: ejaculation

text: occurs

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: masturbation

text: Boys

text: are

text: generally

text: fertile

text: before

text: they

text: have

text: an

text: adult

text: appearance

question: What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation?

answer: masturbation

text: masturbation

question: What are primary sex characteristics?

answer: those directly related to the sex organs

text: those directly related to the sex organs

question: What does the first stage of puberty involve for males?

answer: growth of the testes and scrotum

text: growth of the testes and scrotum

question: After growth of the testes and scrotum, while male body part experiences growth next?

answer: penis

text: penis

question: Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?

answer: seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland

text: seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland


text: The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (symbol Pa), but vacuum is often measured in torrs, named for Torricelli, an early Italian physicist (1608–1647). A torr is equal to the displacement of a millimeter of mercury (mmHg) in a manometer with 1 torr equaling 133.3223684 pascals above absolute zero pressure. Vacuum is often also measured on the barometric scale or as a percentage of atmospheric pressure in bars or atmospheres. Low vacuum is often measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or pascals (Pa) below standard atmospheric pressure. "Below atmospheric" means that the absolute pressure is equal to the current atmospheric pressure.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: The

text: SI

text: unit

text: of

text: pressure

text: is

text: the

text: pascal

text: symbol

text: Pa

text: but

text: vacuum

text: is

text: often

text: measured

text: in

text: torrs

text: named

text: for

text: Torricelli

text: an

text: early

text: Italian

text: physicist

text: A

text: torr

text: is

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: displacement

text: of

text: a

text: millimeter

text: of

text: mercury

text: mmHg

text: in

text: a

text: manometer

text: with

text: torr

text: equaling

text: pascals

text: above

text: absolute

text: zero

text: pressure

text: Vacuum

text: is

text: often

text: also

text: measured

text: on

text: the

text: barometric

text: scale

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: percentage

text: of

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: in

text: bars

text: or

text: atmospheres

text: Low

text: vacuum

text: is

text: often

text: measured

text: in

text: millimeters

text: of

text: mercury

text: mmHg

text: or

text: pascals

text: Pa

text: below

text: standard

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: Below

text: atmospheric

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: absolute

text: pressure

text: is

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

question: Absolute pressure  being equal to current atmospheric pressure means what?

answer: "Below atmospheric"

text: "Below atmospheric"

question: What is a torr equal to?

answer: displacement of a millimeter of mercury

text: displacement of a millimeter of mercury

question: What is another often used options to measure vacuum?

answer: barometric scale

text: barometric scale


text: During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza ("The City of Hope"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: During

text: Andrés

text: López

text: Obrador

text: 's

text: administration

text: a

text: political

text: slogan

text: was

text: introduced

text: la

text: Ciudad

text: de

text: la

text: Esperanza

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Hope

text: This

text: motto

text: was

text: quickly

text: adopted

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: nickname

text: but

text: has

text: faded

text: since

text: the

text: new

text: motto

text: Capital

text: en

text: Movimiento

text: Capital

text: in

text: Movement

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: administration

text: headed

text: by

text: Marcelo

text: Ebrard

text: though

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: not

text: treated

text: as

text: often

text: as

text: a

text: nickname

text: in

text: media

text: Since

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: City

text: particularly

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: government

text: campaigns

text: the

text: abbreviation

text: CDMX

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: from

text: Ciudad

text: de

text: México

question: Who termed the slogan "la Ciudad de la Esperanza?"

answer: Andrés López Obrador

text: Andrés López Obrador

question: What is the nickname of the city that the government is trying to push now?

answer: Capital en Movimiento

text: Capital en Movimiento

question: How is the city commonly abbreviated?

answer: CDMX

text: CDMX

question: When did the abbreviation CDMX begin to take hold?

answer: 2013

question: Who more recently tried to change the nickname of Mexico city?

answer: Marcelo Ebrard

text: Marcelo Ebrard


text: The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour. This area is also important defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase is Indias largest airbase and military, BSF bases are also situated here. A single civil airport is also situated in Jodhpur. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed 48 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar, Marwar, and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: The

text: northwestern

text: portion

text: of

text: Rajasthan

text: is

text: generally

text: sandy

text: and

text: dry

text: Most

text: of

text: this

text: region

text: are

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Thar

text: Desert

text: which

text: extends

text: into

text: adjoining

text: portions

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: The

text: Aravalli

text: Range

text: does

text: not

text: intercept

text: the

text: moisture

text: giving

text: southwest

text: monsoon

text: winds

text: off

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: as

text: it

text: lies

text: in

text: a

text: direction

text: parallel

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: coming

text: monsoon

text: winds

text: leaving

text: the

text: northwestern

text: region

text: in

text: a

text: rain

text: shadow

text: The

text: Thar

text: Desert

text: is

text: thinly

text: populated

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Jodhpur

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: desert

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: gateway

text: of

text: thar

text: desert

text: The

text: desert

text: has

text: some

text: major

text: districts

text: like

text: Jodhpur

text: Jaisalmer

text: Barmer

text: Bikaner

text: and

text: Nagour

text: This

text: area

text: is

text: also

text: important

text: defence

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: Jodhpur

text: airbase

text: is

text: Indias

text: largest

text: airbase

text: and

text: military

text: BSF

text: bases

text: are

text: also

text: situated

text: here

text: A

text: single

text: civil

text: airport

text: is

text: also

text: situated

text: in

text: Jodhpur

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: thorn

text: scrub

text: forests

text: lie

text: in

text: a

text: band

text: around

text: the

text: Thar

text: Desert

text: between

text: the

text: desert

text: and

text: the

text: Aravallis

text: This

text: region

text: receives

text: less

text: than

text: mm

text: of

text: rain

text: in

text: an

text: average

text: year

text: Temperatures

text: can

text: exceed

text: C

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: and

text: drop

text: below

text: freezing

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: The

text: Godwar

text: Marwar

text: and

text: Shekhawati

text: regions

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: thorn

text: scrub

text: forest

text: zone

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jodhpur

text: The

text: Luni

text: River

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: are

text: the

text: major

text: river

text: system

text: of

text: Godwar

text: and

text: Marwar

text: regions

text: draining

text: the

text: western

text: slopes

text: of

text: the

text: Aravallis

text: and

text: emptying

text: southwest

text: into

text: the

text: great

text: Rann

text: of

text: Kutch

text: wetland

text: in

text: neighboring

text: Gujarat

text: This

text: river

text: is

text: saline

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: reaches

text: and

text: remains

text: potable

text: only

text: up

text: to

text: Balotara

text: in

text: Barmer

text: district

text: The

text: Ghaggar

text: River

text: which

text: originates

text: in

text: Haryana

text: is

text: an

text: intermittent

text: stream

text: that

text: disappears

text: into

text: the

text: sands

text: of

text: the

text: Thar

text: Desert

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: remnant

text: of

text: the

text: primitive

text: Saraswati

text: river

question: Dry and sandy conditions are indicative of which region of Rajasthan?

answer: The northwestern portion

text: The northwestern portion

question: Which desert is in the northwestern part of Rajasthan?

answer: the Thar Desert

text: the Thar Desert

question: What is the most populous city in the Thar Desert?

answer: Jodhpur

text: Jodhpur

question: What are the names of the major districts of the Thar?

answer: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour

text: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour

question: Rainfall in the Thar Desert region is less than what amount each year on avarage?

answer: 400 mm

text: 400 mm


text: During the English Civil War Plymouth sided with the Parliamentarians and was besieged for almost four years by the Royalists. The last major attack by the Royalist was by Sir Richard Grenville leading thousands of soldiers towards Plymouth, but they were defeated by the Plymothians at Freedom Fields Park. The civil war ended as a Parliamentary win, but monarchy was restored by King Charles II in 1660, who imprisoned many of the Parliamentary heroes on Drake's Island. Construction of the Royal Citadel began in 1665, after the Restoration; it was armed with cannon facing both out to sea and into the town, rumoured to be a reminder to residents not to oppose the Crown. Mount Batten tower also dates from around this time.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: During

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Plymouth

text: sided

text: with

text: the

text: Parliamentarians

text: and

text: was

text: besieged

text: for

text: almost

text: four

text: years

text: by

text: the

text: Royalists

text: The

text: last

text: major

text: attack

text: by

text: the

text: Royalist

text: was

text: by

text: Sir

text: Richard

text: Grenville

text: leading

text: thousands

text: of

text: soldiers

text: towards

text: Plymouth

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Plymothians

text: at

text: Freedom

text: Fields

text: Park

text: The

text: civil

text: war

text: ended

text: as

text: a

text: Parliamentary

text: win

text: but

text: monarchy

text: was

text: restored

text: by

text: King

text: Charles

text: II

text: in

text: who

text: imprisoned

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Parliamentary

text: heroes

text: on

text: Drake

text: 's

text: Island

text: Construction

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Citadel

text: began

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: Restoration

text: it

text: was

text: armed

text: with

text: cannon

text: facing

text: both

text: out

text: to

text: sea

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: town

text: rumoured

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: reminder

text: to

text: residents

text: not

text: to

text: oppose

text: the

text: Crown

text: Mount

text: Batten

text: tower

text: also

text: dates

text: from

text: around

text: this

text: time

question: Which faction did Plymouth support during the English Civil War?

answer: Parliamentarians

text: Parliamentarians

question: For how many years was Plymouth under siege during the English Civil War?

answer: four

text: four

question: Where did the last battle for Plymouth during the English Civil War end?

answer: Freedom Fields Park

text: Freedom Fields Park

question: In what year did Charles II ascend to the throne?

answer: 1660

question: What locale was used to house imprisoned Parliamentarians after the restoration of Charles II?

answer: Drake's Island

text: Drake's Island


text: An urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields. The Garamantes grew populous and strong, conquering their neighbors and capturing many slaves (which were put to work extending the tunnels). The ancient Greeks and the Romans knew of the Garamantes and regarded them as uncivilized nomads. However, they traded with the Garamantes, and a Roman bath has been found in the Garamantes capital of Garama. Archaeologists have found eight major towns and many other important settlements in the Garamantes territory. The Garamantes civilization eventually collapsed after they had depleted available water in the aquifers and could no longer sustain the effort to extend the tunnels further into the mountains.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: An

text: urban

text: civilization

text: the

text: Garamantes

text: arose

text: around

text: BCE

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: in

text: a

text: valley

text: that

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: Wadi

text: al

text: Ajal

text: in

text: Fezzan

text: Libya

text: The

text: Garamantes

text: achieved

text: this

text: development

text: by

text: digging

text: tunnels

text: far

text: into

text: the

text: mountains

text: flanking

text: the

text: valley

text: to

text: tap

text: fossil

text: water

text: and

text: bring

text: it

text: to

text: their

text: fields

text: The

text: Garamantes

text: grew

text: populous

text: and

text: strong

text: conquering

text: their

text: neighbors

text: and

text: capturing

text: many

text: slaves

text: which

text: were

text: put

text: to

text: work

text: extending

text: the

text: tunnels

text: The

text: ancient

text: Greeks

text: and

text: the

text: Romans

text: knew

text: of

text: the

text: Garamantes

text: and

text: regarded

text: them

text: as

text: uncivilized

text: nomads

text: However

text: they

text: traded

text: with

text: the

text: Garamantes

text: and

text: a

text: Roman

text: bath

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Garamantes

text: capital

text: of

text: Garama

text: Archaeologists

text: have

text: found

text: eight

text: major

text: towns

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: important

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Garamantes

text: territory

text: The

text: Garamantes

text: civilization

text: eventually

text: collapsed

text: after

text: they

text: had

text: depleted

text: available

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: aquifers

text: and

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: sustain

text: the

text: effort

text: to

text: extend

text: the

text: tunnels

text: further

text: into

text: the

text: mountains

question: What time period did the Garamantes arrive in?

answer: 500 BCE

text: 500 BCE

question: What did the Garamantes do in order to bring water to   their crops?

answer: digging tunnels

text: digging tunnels

question: How many towns are believed to be found by   Archaeologists?

answer: eight major towns

text: eight major towns

question: What was the reason for the collapse of the Garamantes   civilization?

answer: depleted available water

text: depleted available water


text: The rapid development of religions in Zhejiang has driven the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them in 2014, variously named "Three Rectifications and One Demolition" operations or "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities" according to the locality. These regulations have led to cases of demolition of churches and folk religion temples, or the removal of crosses from churches' roofs and spires. An exemplary case was that of the Sanjiang Church.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: The

text: rapid

text: development

text: of

text: religions

text: in

text: Zhejiang

text: has

text: driven

text: the

text: local

text: committee

text: of

text: ethnic

text: and

text: religious

text: affairs

text: to

text: enact

text: measures

text: to

text: rationalise

text: them

text: in

text: variously

text: named

text: Three

text: Rectifications

text: and

text: One

text: Demolition

text: operations

text: or

text: Special

text: Treatment

text: Work

text: on

text: Illegally

text: Constructed

text: Sites

text: of

text: Religious

text: and

text: Folk

text: Religion

text: Activities

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: locality

text: These

text: regulations

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: cases

text: of

text: demolition

text: of

text: churches

text: and

text: folk

text: religion

text: temples

text: or

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: crosses

text: from

text: churches

text: roofs

text: and

text: spires

text: An

text: exemplary

text: case

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Sanjiang

text: Church

question: When did the rapid development of religions in Zhejiang drive the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them?

answer: 2014

question: According to the locality, in addition to "Three Rectifications and One Demolition", what was another name for these measures?

answer: Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities

text: Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities

question: These regulations have led to the demolition of churches and what else?

answer: folk religion temples

text: folk religion temples

question: What have these regulations led to the removal of from churches?

answer: crosses

text: crosses

question: What was an exemplary case of all this?

answer: Sanjiang Church

text: Sanjiang Church


text: While full-time work hinders schooling, empirical evidence is varied on the relationship between part-time work and school. Sometimes even part-time work may hinder school attendance or performance. On the other hand, many poor children work for resources to attend school. Children who are not doing well at school sometimes seek more satisfactory experience in work. Good relations with a supervisor at work can provide relief from tensions that children feel at school and home. In the modern world, school education has become so central to society that schoolwork has become the dominant work for most children, often replacing participation in productive work. If school curricula or quality do not provide children with appropriate skills for available jobs or if children do nor have the aptitude for schoolwork, school may impede the learning of skills, such as agriculture, which will become necessary for future livelihood.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: While

text: full

text: time

text: work

text: hinders

text: schooling

text: empirical

text: evidence

text: is

text: varied

text: on

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: part

text: time

text: work

text: and

text: school

text: Sometimes

text: even

text: part

text: time

text: work

text: may

text: hinder

text: school

text: attendance

text: or

text: performance

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: many

text: poor

text: children

text: work

text: for

text: resources

text: to

text: attend

text: school

text: Children

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: doing

text: well

text: at

text: school

text: sometimes

text: seek

text: more

text: satisfactory

text: experience

text: in

text: work

text: Good

text: relations

text: with

text: a

text: supervisor

text: at

text: work

text: can

text: provide

text: relief

text: from

text: tensions

text: that

text: children

text: feel

text: at

text: school

text: and

text: home

text: In

text: the

text: modern

text: world

text: school

text: education

text: has

text: become

text: so

text: central

text: to

text: society

text: that

text: schoolwork

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: work

text: for

text: most

text: children

text: often

text: replacing

text: participation

text: in

text: productive

text: work

text: If

text: school

text: curricula

text: or

text: quality

text: do

text: not

text: provide

text: children

text: with

text: appropriate

text: skills

text: for

text: available

text: jobs

text: or

text: if

text: children

text: do

text: nor

text: have

text: the

text: aptitude

text: for

text: schoolwork

text: school

text: may

text: impede

text: the

text: learning

text: of

text: skills

text: such

text: as

text: agriculture

text: which

text: will

text: become

text: necessary

text: for

text: future

text: livelihood

question: What hinders schooling for child labourers?

answer: full-time work

text: full-time work

question: What can relieve tension for children at work?

answer: Good relations with a supervisor

text: Good relations with a supervisor

question: What can schools do to help children led to better work lives?

answer: school may impede the learning of skills

text: school may impede the learning of skills


text: Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called "firmware".

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Software

text: refers

text: to

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: material

text: form

text: such

text: as

text: programs

text: data

text: protocols

text: etc

text: When

text: software

text: is

text: stored

text: in

text: hardware

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: easily

text: be

text: modified

text: such

text: as

text: BIOS

text: ROM

text: in

text: an

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: firmware

question: Parts of a computer that are not material objects are collectively known as what?

answer: Software

text: Software

question: Software stored in hardware that cannot be changed easily is called what?

answer: firmware

text: firmware

question: What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?

answer: software

text: software