text: The 2013 season resulted in much as the same the year before. Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm. Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black. The mid season fire sale led to another last place finish in the NL Central, finishing with a record of 66-96. Although there was a five-game improvement in the record from the year before, Anthony Rizzo and Starlin Castro seemed to take steps backward in their development. On September 30, 2013, Theo Epstein made the decision to fire manager Dale Sveum after just two seasons at the helm of the Cubs. The regression of several young players was thought to be the main focus point, as the front office said Dale would not be judged based on wins and losses. In two seasons as skipper, Sveum finished with a record of 127-197.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: season

text: resulted

text: in

text: much

text: as

text: the

text: same

text: the

text: year

text: before

text: Shortly

text: before

text: the

text: trade

text: deadline

text: the

text: Cubs

text: traded

text: Matt

text: Garza

text: to

text: the

text: Texas

text: Rangers

text: for

text: Mike

text: Olt

text: C.

text: J.

text: Edwards

text: Neil

text: Ramirez

text: and

text: Justin

text: Grimm

text: Three

text: days

text: later

text: the

text: Cubs

text: sent

text: Alfonso

text: Soriano

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Yankees

text: for

text: minor

text: leaguer

text: Corey

text: Black

text: The

text: mid

text: season

text: fire

text: sale

text: led

text: to

text: another

text: last

text: place

text: finish

text: in

text: the

text: NL

text: Central

text: finishing

text: with

text: a

text: record

text: of

text: Although

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: five

text: game

text: improvement

text: in

text: the

text: record

text: from

text: the

text: year

text: before

text: Anthony

text: Rizzo

text: and

text: Starlin

text: Castro

text: seemed

text: to

text: take

text: steps

text: backward

text: in

text: their

text: development

text: On

text: September

text: Theo

text: Epstein

text: made

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: fire

text: manager

text: Dale

text: Sveum

text: after

text: just

text: two

text: seasons

text: at

text: the

text: helm

text: of

text: the

text: Cubs

text: The

text: regression

text: of

text: several

text: young

text: players

text: was

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: focus

text: point

text: as

text: the

text: front

text: office

text: said

text: Dale

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: judged

text: based

text: on

text: wins

text: and

text: losses

text: In

text: two

text: seasons

text: as

text: skipper

text: Sveum

text: finished

text: with

text: a

text: record

text: of

question: Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?

answer: Matt Garza

text: Matt Garza

question: Who did the Cubs send to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black?

answer: Alfonso Soriano

text: Alfonso Soriano

question: When did Theo Epstein made the decision to fire Dale Sveum?

answer: September 30, 2013

text: September 30, 2013

question: How many seasons did Dale Sveum spend with the Cubs before getting fired?

answer: two seasons

text: two seasons


text: For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system. The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove, and then the lips that line the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: For

text: vertebrates

text: the

text: early

text: stages

text: of

text: neural

text: development

text: are

text: similar

text: across

text: all

text: species

text: As

text: the

text: embryo

text: transforms

text: from

text: a

text: round

text: blob

text: of

text: cells

text: into

text: a

text: wormlike

text: structure

text: a

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: ectoderm

text: running

text: along

text: the

text: midline

text: of

text: the

text: back

text: is

text: induced

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: neural

text: plate

text: the

text: precursor

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: The

text: neural

text: plate

text: folds

text: inward

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: neural

text: groove

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: lips

text: that

text: line

text: the

text: groove

text: merge

text: to

text: enclose

text: the

text: neural

text: tube

text: a

text: hollow

text: cord

text: of

text: cells

text: with

text: a

text: fluid

text: filled

text: ventricle

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: At

text: the

text: front

text: end

text: the

text: ventricles

text: and

text: cord

text: swell

text: to

text: form

text: three

text: vesicles

text: that

text: are

text: the

text: precursors

text: of

text: the

text: forebrain

text: midbrain

text: and

text: hindbrain

text: At

text: the

text: next

text: stage

text: the

text: forebrain

text: splits

text: into

text: two

text: vesicles

text: called

text: the

text: telencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: basal

text: ganglia

text: and

text: related

text: structures

text: and

text: the

text: diencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: thalamus

text: and

text: hypothalamus

text: At

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: hindbrain

text: splits

text: into

text: the

text: metencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: cerebellum

text: and

text: pons

text: and

text: the

text: myelencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: medulla

text: oblongata

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: areas

text: contains

text: proliferative

text: zones

text: where

text: neurons

text: and

text: glial

text: cells

text: are

text: generated

text: the

text: resulting

text: cells

text: then

text: migrate

text: sometimes

text: for

text: long

text: distances

text: to

text: their

text: final

text: positions

question: The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates?

answer: the neural plate

text: the neural plate

question: The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center?

answer: fluid-filled ventricle

text: fluid-filled ventricle

question: The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what?

answer: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon

text: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon

question: The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one?

answer: telencephalon

text: telencephalon

question: The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle?

answer: the diencephalon

text: the diencephalon


text: Seattle's population historically has been predominantly white. The 2010 census showed that Seattle was one of the whitest big cities in the country, although its proportion of white residents has been gradually declining. In 1960, whites comprised 91.6% of the city's population, while in 2010 they comprised 69.5%. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, approximately 78.9% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home. Those who spoke Asian languages other than Indo-European languages made up 10.2% of the population, Spanish was spoken by 4.5% of the population, speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9%, and speakers of other languages made up 2.5%.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: population

text: historically

text: has

text: been

text: predominantly

text: white

text: The

text: census

text: showed

text: that

text: Seattle

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: whitest

text: big

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: although

text: its

text: proportion

text: of

text: white

text: residents

text: has

text: been

text: gradually

text: declining

text: In

text: whites

text: comprised

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: while

text: in

text: they

text: comprised

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Community

text: Survey

text: approximately

text: of

text: residents

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: five

text: spoke

text: only

text: English

text: at

text: home

text: Those

text: who

text: spoke

text: Asian

text: languages

text: other

text: than

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Spanish

text: was

text: spoken

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speakers

text: of

text: other

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: made

text: up

text: and

text: speakers

text: of

text: other

text: languages

text: made

text: up

question: In 1960, what was the percentage of whites in the Seattle area?

answer: 91.6%

question: What is the basic race of most people in Seattle?

answer: white

text: white

question: According to the 2010 census, what was the white population in Seattle?

answer: 69.5%

question: In 2006-2008, how many people in Seattle spoke English at home?

answer: 78.9%

question: What is the percentage of Asian speakers in Seattle?

answer: 10.2%


text: Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow. Some of this object's mass merged with the Earth, significantly altering its internal composition, and a portion was ejected into space. Some of the material survived to form an orbiting moon. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: Earth

text: was

text: initially

text: molten

text: due

text: to

text: extreme

text: volcanism

text: and

text: frequent

text: collisions

text: with

text: other

text: bodies

text: Eventually

text: the

text: outer

text: layer

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: cooled

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: solid

text: crust

text: when

text: water

text: began

text: accumulating

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: The

text: Moon

text: formed

text: soon

text: afterwards

text: possibly

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: Mars

text: sized

text: object

text: with

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: mass

text: impacting

text: the

text: planet

text: in

text: a

text: glancing

text: blow

text: Some

text: of

text: this

text: object

text: 's

text: mass

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Earth

text: significantly

text: altering

text: its

text: internal

text: composition

text: and

text: a

text: portion

text: was

text: ejected

text: into

text: space

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: survived

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: orbiting

text: moon

text: Outgassing

text: and

text: volcanic

text: activity

text: produced

text: the

text: primordial

text: atmosphere

text: Condensing

text: water

text: vapor

text: augmented

text: by

text: ice

text: delivered

text: from

text: comets

text: produced

text: the

text: oceans

question: Powerful volcanism contributed to cause early earth to be in what state?

answer: molten

text: molten

question: What occurred in the atmosphere of the earth after the crust was formed?

answer: water began accumulating

text: water began accumulating

question: What size of object may have created the moon?

answer: Mars

text: Mars

question: When water was creating the oceans what was happening to atmospheric water vapor?

answer: Condensing

text: Condensing


text: Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Although

text: Egypt

text: was

text: a

text: majority

text: Christian

text: country

text: before

text: the

text: Century

text: after

text: Islam

text: arrived

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: slowly

text: Islamified

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: majority

text: Muslim

text: country

text: Egypt

text: emerged

text: as

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: politics

text: and

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: Under

text: Anwar

text: Sadat

text: Islam

text: became

text: the

text: official

text: state

text: religion

text: and

text: Sharia

text: the

text: main

text: source

text: of

text: law

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: million

text: Egyptians

text: follow

text: Native

text: Sufi

text: orders

text: with

text: the

text: Sufi

text: leadership

text: asserting

text: that

text: the

text: numbers

text: are

text: much

text: greater

text: as

text: many

text: Egyptian

text: Sufis

text: are

text: not

text: officially

text: registered

text: with

text: a

text: Sufi

text: order

question: Prior to 7th century, what was primary religion of Egypt?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: What became the main source of law with increasing Islamic influence in Egypt?

answer: Sharia

text: Sharia

question: Under what leader did Islam become official religion of Egypt?

answer: Anwar Sadat

text: Anwar Sadat


text: Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Tibet

text: was

text: once

text: a

text: strong

text: power

text: contemporaneous

text: with

text: Tang

text: China

text: Until

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Empire

text: 's

text: collapse

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: Tang

text: 's

text: major

text: rival

text: in

text: dominating

text: Inner

text: Asia

text: The

text: Yarlung

text: rulers

text: of

text: Tibet

text: also

text: signed

text: various

text: peace

text: treaties

text: with

text: the

text: Tang

text: culminating

text: in

text: a

text: treaty

text: in

text: that

text: fixed

text: the

text: borders

text: between

text: Tibet

text: and

text: China

question: In what century did the Tibetan Empire fall?

answer: the 9th century

text: the 9th century

question: Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang?

answer: The Yarlung rulers of Tibet

text: The Yarlung rulers of Tibet

question: What did one of the treaties between the Tang and Tibet help fix?

answer: the borders between Tibet and China

text: the borders between Tibet and China

question: Who was the Tangs biggest rival?

answer: Tibet

text: Tibet

question: What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?

answer: 821


text: The new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to achieve around 3.2 Gbit/s (0.4 GB/s or 400 MB/s), which should increase with future hardware advances. Communication is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode; in the modes supported previously, by 1.x and 2.0, communication is half-duplex, with direction controlled by the host.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: new

text: SuperSpeed

text: bus

text: provides

text: a

text: fourth

text: transfer

text: mode

text: with

text: a

text: data

text: signaling

text: rate

text: of

text: Gbit

text: s

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: modes

text: supported

text: by

text: earlier

text: versions

text: The

text: payload

text: throughput

text: is

text: Gbit

text: s[citation

text: needed

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: overhead

text: incurred

text: by

text: encoding

text: and

text: the

text: specification

text: considers

text: it

text: reasonable

text: to

text: achieve

text: around

text: Gbit

text: s

text: GB

text: s

text: or

text: MB

text: s

text: which

text: should

text: increase

text: with

text: future

text: hardware

text: advances

text: Communication

text: is

text: full

text: duplex

text: in

text: SuperSpeed

text: transfer

text: mode

text: in

text: the

text: modes

text: supported

text: previously

text: by

text: and

text: communication

text: is

text: half

text: duplex

text: with

text: direction

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: host

question: What provides a fourth transfer mode?

answer: The new SuperSpeed bus

text: The new SuperSpeed bus

question: How fast is the new SuperSpeed bus data signaling rate?

answer: 5.0 Gbit/s

text: 5.0 Gbit/s

question: What is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode?

answer: Communication

text: Communication


text: The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999. The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance. The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: Football

text: Association

text: Premier

text: League

text: Ltd

text: FAPL

text: is

text: operated

text: as

text: a

text: corporation

text: and

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: member

text: clubs

text: Each

text: club

text: is

text: a

text: shareholder

text: with

text: one

text: vote

text: each

text: on

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: rule

text: changes

text: and

text: contracts

text: The

text: clubs

text: elect

text: a

text: chairman

text: chief

text: executive

text: and

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: to

text: oversee

text: the

text: daily

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: The

text: current

text: chairman

text: is

text: Sir

text: Dave

text: Richards

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: is

text: Richard

text: Scudamore

text: appointed

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: former

text: chairman

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: John

text: Quinton

text: and

text: Peter

text: Leaver

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: resign

text: in

text: March

text: after

text: awarding

text: consultancy

text: contracts

text: to

text: former

text: Sky

text: executives

text: Sam

text: Chisholm

text: and

text: David

text: Chance

text: The

text: Football

text: Association

text: is

text: not

text: directly

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: but

text: has

text: veto

text: power

text: as

text: a

text: special

text: shareholder

text: during

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: the

text: chairman

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: and

text: when

text: new

text: rules

text: are

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: league

question: How many votes does each Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) club have on issues?

answer: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.

text: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.

question: Who is the chairman of the FAPL and when was he appointed?

answer: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199

text: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199

question: Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?

answer: John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.

text: John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.

question: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?

answer: has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

text: has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

question: Who owns the Football Association Premier League?

answer: member clubs

text: member clubs

question: How many votes do the member clubs of the Premier League have each?

answer: one

text: one

question: What do the people each club elect oversee?

answer: the daily operations of the league

text: the daily operations of the league

question: Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?

answer: Sir Dave Richards

text: Sir Dave Richards

question: Who is the current CEO of the Premier League?

answer: Richard Scudamore

text: Richard Scudamore


text: In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the "four great" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: In

text: early

text: modern

text: times

text: cardinals

text: often

text: had

text: important

text: roles

text: in

text: secular

text: affairs

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: they

text: took

text: on

text: powerful

text: positions

text: in

text: government

text: In

text: Henry

text: VIII

text: 's

text: England

text: his

text: chief

text: minister

text: was

text: Cardinal

text: Wolsey

text: Cardinal

text: Richelieu

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: so

text: great

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: effectively

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: France

text: Richelieu

text: successor

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: cardinal

text: Jules

text: Mazarin

text: Guillaume

text: Dubois

text: and

text: André

text: Hercule

text: de

text: Fleury

text: complete

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: great

text: cardinals

text: to

text: have

text: ruled

text: France.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: Portugal

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: succession

text: crisis

text: one

text: cardinal

text: Henry

text: King

text: of

text: Portugal

text: was

text: crowned

text: king

text: the

text: only

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: cardinal

text: king

question: In what roles did cardinals have important roles?

answer: secular affairs.

text: secular affairs.

question: What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France?

answer: Cardinal Richelieu

text: Cardinal Richelieu

question: Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?

answer: Cardinal Richelieu

text: Cardinal Richelieu

question: Who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king?

answer: Henry, King of Portugal

text: Henry, King of Portugal


text: Located in Southern Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi). The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being:

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Located

text: in

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: Greece

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: mountainous

text: peninsular

text: mainland

text: jutting

text: out

text: into

text: the

text: sea

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: ending

text: at

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: peninsula

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: mainland

text: by

text: the

text: canal

text: of

text: the

text: Isthmus

text: of

text: Corinth

text: and

text: strategically

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: and

text: Africa

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: highly

text: indented

text: coastline

text: and

text: numerous

text: islands

text: Greece

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: km

text: mi

text: its

text: land

text: boundary

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: approximately

text: between

text: latitudes

text: and

text: N

text: and

text: longitudes

text: and

text: E

text: with

text: the

text: extreme

text: points

text: being

question: Greece is where geographically?

answer: Southern Europe

text: Southern Europe

question: Where does Greece's coastline place in world rankings?

answer: 11th longest

text: 11th longest

question: How long is Greece's coastline?

answer: 8,498 mi

text: 8,498 mi


text: During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: BC

text: the

text: first

text: geographical

text: entity

text: that

text: was

text: called

text: Armenia

text: by

text: neighboring

text: populations

text: was

text: established

text: under

text: the

text: Orontid

text: Dynasty

text: within

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: latters

text: territories

text: The

text: kingdom

text: became

text: fully

text: sovereign

text: from

text: the

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: Empire

text: in

text: BC

text: under

text: King

text: Artaxias

text: I

text: and

text: begun

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Artaxiad

text: dynasty

text: Armenia

text: reached

text: its

text: height

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: under

text: Tigranes

text: the

text: Great

text: becoming

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: kingdom

text: of

text: its

text: time

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

question: Under who did Areminia become fully sovereign?

answer: King Artaxias I

text: King Artaxias I

question: What Empire did the Orontid Dynasty belong to?

answer: Achaemenid Empire

text: Achaemenid Empire

question: When did Armenia reach it's peak?

answer: between 95 and 66 BC

text: between 95 and 66 BC

question: Which ruler is responsible for Armenias prosperity?

answer: Tigranes the Great

text: Tigranes the Great


text: In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified using alternatives to growth in culture or animals. Some viruses may be grown in embryonated eggs. Another useful identification method is Xenodiagnosis, or the use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent. Chagas disease is the most significant example, because it is difficult to directly demonstrate the presence of the causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient, which therefore makes it difficult to definitively make a diagnosis. In this case, xenodiagnosis involves the use of the vector of the Chagas agent T. cruzi, an uninfected triatomine bug, which takes a blood meal from a person suspected of having been infected. The bug is later inspected for growth of T. cruzi within its gut.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: In

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: suitable

text: plate

text: culture

text: techniques

text: some

text: microbes

text: require

text: culture

text: within

text: live

text: animals

text: Bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Mycobacterium

text: leprae

text: and

text: Treponema

text: pallidum

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: animals

text: although

text: serological

text: and

text: microscopic

text: techniques

text: make

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: live

text: animals

text: unnecessary

text: Viruses

text: are

text: also

text: usually

text: identified

text: using

text: alternatives

text: to

text: growth

text: in

text: culture

text: or

text: animals

text: Some

text: viruses

text: may

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: embryonated

text: eggs

text: Another

text: useful

text: identification

text: method

text: is

text: Xenodiagnosis

text: or

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: vector

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: an

text: infectious

text: agent

text: Chagas

text: disease

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: example

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: directly

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: causative

text: agent

text: Trypanosoma

text: cruzi

text: in

text: a

text: patient

text: which

text: therefore

text: makes

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: definitively

text: make

text: a

text: diagnosis

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: xenodiagnosis

text: involves

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: vector

text: of

text: the

text: Chagas

text: agent

text: T.

text: cruzi

text: an

text: uninfected

text: triatomine

text: bug

text: which

text: takes

text: a

text: blood

text: meal

text: from

text: a

text: person

text: suspected

text: of

text: having

text: been

text: infected

text: The

text: bug

text: is

text: later

text: inspected

text: for

text: growth

text: of

text: T.

text: cruzi

text: within

text: its

text: gut

question: What are live animals required by?

answer: some microbes

text: some microbes

question: What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum be grown in?

answer: animals

text: animals

question: What type of eggs may some viruses be grown in?

answer: embryonated

text: embryonated

question: What is Xenodiagnosis?

answer: use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent

text: use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent

question: What is it difficult to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease?

answer: the causative agent

text: the causative agent


text: In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London. Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907. The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: In

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: found

text: that

text: greater

text: capacity

text: for

text: higher

text: technical

text: education

text: was

text: needed

text: and

text: a

text: proposal

text: to

text: merge

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: Guilds

text: College

text: the

text: Royal

text: School

text: of

text: Mines

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: College

text: of

text: Science

text: was

text: approved

text: and

text: passed

text: creating

text: The

text: Imperial

text: College

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: as

text: a

text: constituent

text: college

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: London

text: Imperial

text: 's

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: granted

text: by

text: Edward

text: VII

text: was

text: officially

text: signed

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: main

text: campus

text: of

text: Imperial

text: College

text: was

text: constructed

text: beside

text: the

text: buildings

text: of

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Institute

text: in

text: South

text: Kensington

question: Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907?

answer: Board of Education

text: Board of Education

question: What was the reasoning behind the proposal to merge many colleges?

answer: greater capacity for higher technical education was needed

text: greater capacity for higher technical education was needed

question: When the merger was passed, what constituent college was created?

answer: The Imperial College of Science and Technology

text: The Imperial College of Science and Technology

question: Who did the constituent college belong to?

answer: University of London

text: University of London

question: Which document, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on the 8th of July 1907?

answer: Imperial's Royal Charter

text: Imperial's Royal Charter


text: The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: politics

text: pursued

text: by

text: the

text: administrations

text: of

text: heads

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: since

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: have

text: usually

text: been

text: more

text: liberal

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: whether

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: as

text: was

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: several

text: comprehensive

text: environmental

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: or

text: through

text: laws

text: recently

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: In

text: April

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: expanded

text: provisions

text: on

text: abortions

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: federal

text: entity

text: to

text: expand

text: abortion

text: in

text: Mexico

text: beyond

text: cases

text: of

text: rape

text: and

text: economic

text: reasons

text: to

text: permit

text: it

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: reason

text: should

text: the

text: mother

text: request

text: it

text: before

text: the

text: twelfth

text: week

text: of

text: pregnancy

text: In

text: December

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: city

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: very

text: few

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: legalize

text: same

text: sex

text: marriage

question: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?

answer: December 2009

text: December 2009

question: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City?

answer: 1980s

question: What political leaning does Mexico City take?

answer: more liberal than those of the rest of the country

text: more liberal than those of the rest of the country

question: Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage?

answer: first

text: first


text: Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Visible light or ultraviolet-emitting lasers can char paper and incandescently hot objects emit visible radiation. Objects at room temperature will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 µm band, but this is not distinct from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law).

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: Infrared

text: radiation

text: is

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: heat

text: radiation"[citation

text: needed

text: but

text: light

text: and

text: electromagnetic

text: waves

text: of

text: any

text: frequency

text: will

text: heat

text: surfaces

text: that

text: absorb

text: them

text: Infrared

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: accounts

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: heating

text: of

text: Earth

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: being

text: caused

text: by

text: visible

text: light

text: that

text: is

text: absorbed

text: then

text: re

text: radiated

text: at

text: longer

text: wavelengths

text: Visible

text: light

text: or

text: ultraviolet

text: emitting

text: lasers

text: can

text: char

text: paper

text: and

text: incandescently

text: hot

text: objects

text: emit

text: visible

text: radiation

text: Objects

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: will

text: emit

text: radiation

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: µm

text: band

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: emission

text: of

text: visible

text: light

text: by

text: incandescent

text: objects

text: and

text: ultraviolet

text: by

text: even

text: hotter

text: objects

text: see

text: black

text: body

text: and

text: Wien

text: 's

text: displacement

text: law

question: What is a commonly used term for infrared radiation?

answer: heat radiation

text: heat radiation

question: What percentage of the Earth's heat is derived from the Sun's infrared light?

answer: 49%

question: What is the common range of emitted radiation of room temperature objects, in micrometers?

answer: 8 to 25

text: 8 to 25

question: Other than infrared light, what type of light is responsible for heating the Earth?

answer: visible

text: visible


text: There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for "Last Orders" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries. Some Scottish and Welsh parishes remained officially "dry" on Sundays (although often this merely required knocking at the back door of the pub). These restricted opening hours led to the tradition of lock-ins.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: special

text: case

text: established

text: under

text: the

text: State

text: Management

text: Scheme

text: where

text: the

text: brewery

text: and

text: licensed

text: premises

text: were

text: bought

text: and

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: until

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: Carlisle

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: elsewhere

text: both

text: the

text: licensing

text: laws

text: and

text: enforcement

text: were

text: progressively

text: relaxed

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: differences

text: between

text: parishes

text: in

text: the

text: at

text: closing

text: time

text: in

text: Kensington

text: at

text: pm

text: drinkers

text: would

text: rush

text: over

text: the

text: parish

text: boundary

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: good

text: time

text: for

text: Last

text: Orders

text: in

text: Knightsbridge

text: before

text: pm

text: a

text: practice

text: observed

text: in

text: many

text: pubs

text: adjoining

text: licensing

text: area

text: boundaries

text: Some

text: Scottish

text: and

text: Welsh

text: parishes

text: remained

text: officially

text: dry

text: on

text: Sundays

text: although

text: often

text: this

text: merely

text: required

text: knocking

text: at

text: the

text: back

text: door

text: of

text: the

text: pub

text: These

text: restricted

text: opening

text: hours

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: lock

text: ins

question: What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s?

answer: 10:30 pm

text: 10:30 pm

question: What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s?

answer: 11 pm

text: 11 pm

question: What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?

answer: Carlisle

text: Carlisle

question: In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?

answer: 1973

question: On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?

answer: Sundays

text: Sundays


text: Genetic studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Amerindians and some Siberian and Central Asian peoples also revealed that the gene pool of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Siberia such as Altaians, Khakas, Shors and Soyots, living between the Altai and Lake Baikal along the Sayan mountains, are genetically closest to Amerindians.[citation needed] This view is shared by other researchers who argue that "the ancestors of the American Indians were the first to separate from the great Asian population in the Middle Paleolithic. 2012 research found evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and indigenous Altaians based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome analysis. The paternal lineages of Altaians mostly belong to the subclades of haplogroup P-M45 (xR1a 38-93%; xQ1a 4-32%).

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Genetic

text: studies

text: of

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: mtDNA

text: of

text: Amerindians

text: and

text: some

text: Siberian

text: and

text: Central

text: Asian

text: peoples

text: also

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: gene

text: pool

text: of

text: the

text: Turkic

text: speaking

text: peoples

text: of

text: Siberia

text: such

text: as

text: Altaians

text: Khakas

text: Shors

text: and

text: Soyots

text: living

text: between

text: the

text: Altai

text: and

text: Lake

text: Baikal

text: along

text: the

text: Sayan

text: mountains

text: are

text: genetically

text: closest

text: to

text: Amerindians.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: view

text: is

text: shared

text: by

text: other

text: researchers

text: who

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Indians

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: great

text: Asian

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Paleolithic

text: research

text: found

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: recent

text: common

text: ancestry

text: between

text: Native

text: Americans

text: and

text: indigenous

text: Altaians

text: based

text: on

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: and

text: Y

text: Chromosome

text: analysis

text: The

text: paternal

text: lineages

text: of

text: Altaians

text: mostly

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: subclades

text: of

text: haplogroup

text: P

question: Who have studies of the mtDNA of Turkic-speaking peoples shown they're closest to genetically?

answer: Amerindians

text: Amerindians

question: What group were the ancestors of the American Indians separated from?

answer: Asian population

text: Asian population

question: When did the ancestors of the American Indians separate from their parent population?

answer: Middle Paleolithic

text: Middle Paleolithic

question: When did research find evidence for a common ancestry between Native Americans and Altaians?

answer: 2012

question: What DNA analysis indicated the common ancestry of the Native Americans?

answer: mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome

text: mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome


text: The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia (carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing), and was eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia. Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation. They were also commonly donated to mosques, which often amassed large collections of them.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: art

text: of

text: carpet

text: weaving

text: was

text: particularly

text: significant

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: carpets

text: having

text: an

text: immense

text: importance

text: both

text: as

text: decorative

text: furnishings

text: rich

text: in

text: religious

text: and

text: other

text: symbolism

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: practical

text: consideration

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: customary

text: to

text: remove

text: one

text: 's

text: shoes

text: in

text: living

text: quarters

text: The

text: weaving

text: of

text: such

text: carpets

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: nomadic

text: cultures

text: of

text: central

text: Asia

text: carpets

text: being

text: an

text: easily

text: transportable

text: form

text: of

text: furnishing

text: and

text: was

text: eventually

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: settled

text: societies

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: Turks

text: used

text: carpets

text: rugs

text: and

text: kilims

text: not

text: just

text: on

text: the

text: floors

text: of

text: a

text: room

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: a

text: hanging

text: on

text: walls

text: and

text: doorways

text: where

text: they

text: provided

text: additional

text: insulation

text: They

text: were

text: also

text: commonly

text: donated

text: to

text: mosques

text: which

text: often

text: amassed

text: large

text: collections

text: of

text: them

question: Which art was important in religious symbolism and as a decoration in the Ottoman empire?

answer: carpet weaving

text: carpet weaving

question: What was the custom for those wearing shoes indoors in the Ottoman empire?

answer: it was customary to remove one's shoes

text: it was customary to remove one's shoes

question: Where did carpet weaving in the Empire originate?

answer: the nomadic cultures of central Asia

text: the nomadic cultures of central Asia

question: Where did carpet weaving initially spread to inside of the Empire?

answer: Anatolia

text: Anatolia

question: Kilims were used by Turks to provide insulation where?

answer: walls and doorways

text: walls and doorways


text: During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the North American Cordillera, as the Nevadan orogeny was followed by the Sevier and Laramide orogenies. Though Gondwana was still intact in the beginning of the Cretaceous, Gondwana itself broke up as South America, Antarctica and Australia rifted away from Africa (though India and Madagascar remained attached to each other); thus, the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans were newly formed. Such active rifting lifted great undersea mountain chains along the welts, raising eustatic sea levels worldwide.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: During

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: the

text: late

text: Paleozoic

text: early

text: Mesozoic

text: supercontinent

text: of

text: Pangaea

text: completed

text: its

text: breakup

text: into

text: present

text: day

text: continents

text: although

text: their

text: positions

text: were

text: substantially

text: different

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: As

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: widened

text: the

text: convergent

text: margin

text: orogenies

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: during

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Cordillera

text: as

text: the

text: Nevadan

text: orogeny

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Sevier

text: and

text: Laramide

text: orogenies

text: Though

text: Gondwana

text: was

text: still

text: intact

text: in

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Gondwana

text: itself

text: broke

text: up

text: as

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: Australia

text: rifted

text: away

text: from

text: Africa

text: though

text: India

text: and

text: Madagascar

text: remained

text: attached

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: thus

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: were

text: newly

text: formed

text: Such

text: active

text: rifting

text: lifted

text: great

text: undersea

text: mountain

text: chains

text: along

text: the

text: welts

text: raising

text: eustatic

text: sea

text: levels

text: worldwide

question: The current continents were formerly known as what continent?

answer: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

question: Which oregenies followed the Nevadan in the Cretaceous?

answer: Sevier and Laramide

text: Sevier and Laramide

question: South America was formerly which continent?

answer: Gondwana

text: Gondwana

question: The rifting in the Cretaceous had what result on the oceans?

answer: raising eustatic sea levels

text: raising eustatic sea levels

question: Antarctica was a part of what supercontinent?

answer: Gondwana

text: Gondwana


text: At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticking point regarding the passage of Soviet troops through Poland if Germans attacked, and the parties waited as British and French officials overseas pressured Polish officials to agree to such terms. Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: British

text: French

text: and

text: Soviet

text: negotiators

text: scheduled

text: three

text: party

text: talks

text: on

text: military

text: matters

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: Moscow

text: in

text: August

text: aiming

text: to

text: define

text: what

text: the

text: agreement

text: would

text: specify

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: reaction

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: powers

text: to

text: a

text: German

text: attack

text: The

text: tripartite

text: military

text: talks

text: started

text: in

text: mid

text: August

text: hit

text: a

text: sticking

text: point

text: regarding

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: Soviet

text: troops

text: through

text: Poland

text: if

text: Germans

text: attacked

text: and

text: the

text: parties

text: waited

text: as

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: officials

text: overseas

text: pressured

text: Polish

text: officials

text: to

text: agree

text: to

text: such

text: terms

text: Polish

text: officials

text: refused

text: to

text: allow

text: Soviet

text: troops

text: into

text: Polish

text: territory

text: if

text: Germany

text: attacked

text: as

text: Polish

text: foreign

text: minister

text: Józef

text: Beck

text: pointed

text: out

text: they

text: feared

text: that

text: once

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: entered

text: their

text: territories

text: it

text: might

text: never

text: leave

question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of August?

answer: Moscow

text: Moscow

question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?

answer: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

text: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

question: Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military?

answer: Poland

text: Poland


text: The U.S. Eisenhower administration condemned the tripartite invasion, and supported UN resolutions demanding withdrawal and a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to be stationed in Sinai. Nasser commended Eisenhower, stating he played the "greatest and most decisive role" in stopping the "tripartite conspiracy". By the end of December, British and French forces had totally withdrawn from Egyptian territory, while Israel completed its withdrawal in March 1957 and released all Egyptian prisoners of war. As a result of the Suez Crisis, Nasser brought in a set of regulations imposing rigorous requirements for residency and citizenship as well as forced expulsions, mostly affecting British and French nationals and Jews with foreign nationality, as well as some Egyptian Jews.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Eisenhower

text: administration

text: condemned

text: the

text: tripartite

text: invasion

text: and

text: supported

text: UN

text: resolutions

text: demanding

text: withdrawal

text: and

text: a

text: United

text: Nations

text: Emergency

text: Force

text: UNEF

text: to

text: be

text: stationed

text: in

text: Sinai

text: Nasser

text: commended

text: Eisenhower

text: stating

text: he

text: played

text: the

text: greatest

text: and

text: most

text: decisive

text: role

text: in

text: stopping

text: the

text: tripartite

text: conspiracy

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: December

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: forces

text: had

text: totally

text: withdrawn

text: from

text: Egyptian

text: territory

text: while

text: Israel

text: completed

text: its

text: withdrawal

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: released

text: all

text: Egyptian

text: prisoners

text: of

text: war

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: Nasser

text: brought

text: in

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: regulations

text: imposing

text: rigorous

text: requirements

text: for

text: residency

text: and

text: citizenship

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: forced

text: expulsions

text: mostly

text: affecting

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: nationals

text: and

text: Jews

text: with

text: foreign

text: nationality

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: Egyptian

text: Jews

question: What country was opposed to the invasion of the canal?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What leader did Nasser applaud?

answer: Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

question: What military force was brought in to calm the situation?

answer: United Nations Emergency Force

text: United Nations Emergency Force

question: What did Nasser impose as a result of the conflict?

answer: rigorous requirements for residency

text: rigorous requirements for residency


text: The first department store in Spain was Almacenes el Siglo opened in October 1881 in Barcelona. Following the 2002 closure by the Australian group Partridges of their SEPU (Sociedad Española de Precios Unicos) department store chain, which was one of Spain's oldest, the market is now dominated by El Corte Inglés, founded in 1934 as a drapery store. El Corte Inglés stores tend to be vast buildings, selling a very broad range of products and the group also controls a number of other retail formats including supermarket chain 'Supercor' and hypermarket chain 'Hipercor'. Other competitors such as 'Simago' and 'Galerías Preciados' closed in the 1990s, however El Corte Inglés, faces major competition from French discount operators such as Carrefour and Auchan.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: The

text: first

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: Spain

text: was

text: Almacenes

text: el

text: Siglo

text: opened

text: in

text: October

text: in

text: Barcelona

text: Following

text: the

text: closure

text: by

text: the

text: Australian

text: group

text: Partridges

text: of

text: their

text: SEPU

text: Sociedad

text: Española

text: de

text: Precios

text: Unicos

text: department

text: store

text: chain

text: which

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: Spain

text: 's

text: oldest

text: the

text: market

text: is

text: now

text: dominated

text: by

text: El

text: Corte

text: Inglés

text: founded

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: drapery

text: store

text: El

text: Corte

text: Inglés

text: stores

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: vast

text: buildings

text: selling

text: a

text: very

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: products

text: and

text: the

text: group

text: also

text: controls

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: retail

text: formats

text: including

text: supermarket

text: chain

text: Supercor

text: and

text: hypermarket

text: chain

text: Hipercor

text: Other

text: competitors

text: such

text: as

text: Simago

text: and

text: Galerías

text: Preciados

text: closed

text: in

text: the

text: however

text: El

text: Corte

text: Inglés

text: faces

text: major

text: competition

text: from

text: French

text: discount

text: operators

text: such

text: as

text: Carrefour

text: and

text: Auchan

question: What was the name of the first Spanish department store?

answer: Almacenes el Siglo

text: Almacenes el Siglo

question: When was the first Spanish department store opened?

answer: October 1881

text: October 1881

question: What department store brand now owns most of the market in Spain?

answer: El Corte Inglés

text: El Corte Inglés

question: When was El Corte Ingles established?

answer: 1934


text: The Appalachian Mountains are the coolest area of the state, with temperatures averaging in the low 40s and upper 30s °F (6–3 °C) for highs in the winter and falling into the low 20s °F (−5 °C) or lower on winter nights. Relatively cool summers have temperatures rarely rising above 80 °F (27 °C). Average snowfall in many areas exceeds 30 in (76 cm) per year, and can be heavy at the higher elevations; for example, during the Blizzard of 1993 more than 60 in (152 cm) of snow fell on Mount Mitchell over a period of three days. Mount Mitchell has received snow in every month of the year.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: are

text: the

text: coolest

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: with

text: temperatures

text: averaging

text: in

text: the

text: low

text: and

text: upper

text: F

text: C

text: for

text: highs

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: falling

text: into

text: the

text: low

text: F

text: −5

text: C

text: or

text: lower

text: on

text: winter

text: nights

text: Relatively

text: cool

text: summers

text: have

text: temperatures

text: rarely

text: rising

text: above

text: F

text: C

text: Average

text: snowfall

text: in

text: many

text: areas

text: exceeds

text: in

text: cm

text: per

text: year

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: heavy

text: at

text: the

text: higher

text: elevations

text: for

text: example

text: during

text: the

text: Blizzard

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: fell

text: on

text: Mount

text: Mitchell

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: three

text: days

text: Mount

text: Mitchell

text: has

text: received

text: snow

text: in

text: every

text: month

text: of

text: the

text: year

question: What mountain range makes up the coolest part of North Carolina?

answer: The Appalachian Mountains

text: The Appalachian Mountains

question: What are the average high winter temperatures in the Appalachians?

answer: low 40s and upper 30s °F

text: low 40s and upper 30s °F

question: What are the low winter temperatures in the Appalachians?

answer: low 20s °F (−5 °C) or lower

text: low 20s °F (−5 °C) or lower

question: Temperatures rarely go higher than what temperature in the Appalachians?

answer: 80 °F

text: 80 °F

question: Average snowfall in the Appalachians can exceed how many inches?

answer: 30


text: Other theaters include Lyric Theatre, Jewel Box Theatre, Kirkpatrick Auditorium, the Poteet Theatre, the Oklahoma City Community College Bruce Owen Theater and the 488-seat Petree Recital Hall, at the Oklahoma City University campus. The university also opened the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium in April 2006.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Other

text: theaters

text: include

text: Lyric

text: Theatre

text: Jewel

text: Box

text: Theatre

text: Kirkpatrick

text: Auditorium

text: the

text: Poteet

text: Theatre

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Community

text: College

text: Bruce

text: Owen

text: Theater

text: and

text: the

text: Petree

text: Recital

text: Hall

text: at

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: University

text: campus

text: The

text: university

text: also

text: opened

text: the

text: Wanda

text: L

text: Bass

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: auditorium

text: in

text: April

question: When was the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium opened?

answer: April 2006

text: April 2006


text: After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: After

text: the

text: Partisans

text: managed

text: to

text: endure

text: and

text: avoid

text: these

text: intense

text: Axis

text: attacks

text: between

text: January

text: and

text: June

text: and

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: Chetnik

text: collaboration

text: became

text: evident

text: Allied

text: leaders

text: switched

text: their

text: support

text: from

text: Draža

text: Mihailović

text: to

text: Tito

text: King

text: Peter

text: II

text: American

text: President

text: Franklin

text: Roosevelt

text: and

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: joined

text: Soviet

text: Premier

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: in

text: officially

text: recognising

text: Tito

text: and

text: the

text: Partisans

text: at

text: the

text: Tehran

text: Conference

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: Allied

text: aid

text: being

text: parachuted

text: behind

text: Axis

text: lines

text: to

text: assist

text: the

text: Partisans

text: On

text: June

text: on

text: the

text: Dalmatian

text: island

text: of

text: Vis

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Vis

text: Viški

text: sporazum

text: was

text: signed

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: merge

text: Tito

text: 's

text: government

text: the

text: AVNOJ

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: exile

text: of

text: King

text: Peter

text: II

text: The

text: Balkan

text: Air

text: Force

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: June

text: to

text: control

text: operations

text: that

text: were

text: mainly

text: aimed

text: at

text: aiding

text: his

text: forces

question: Who was attacking the Partisans in 1943?

answer: Axis

text: Axis

question: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?

answer: Draža Mihailović

text: Draža Mihailović

question: Who was the Soviet Premier who recognized Tito?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin?

answer: Tehran Conference

text: Tehran Conference

question: When was the Balkan air force formed?

answer: 1944


text: The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages can differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo 4-stage metamorphosis (see holometabolism). Insects that undergo 3-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages. The higher level relationship of the Hexapoda is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22–28 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: life

text: cycles

text: of

text: insects

text: vary

text: but

text: most

text: hatch

text: from

text: eggs

text: Insect

text: growth

text: is

text: constrained

text: by

text: the

text: inelastic

text: exoskeleton

text: and

text: development

text: involves

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: molts

text: The

text: immature

text: stages

text: can

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: adults

text: in

text: structure

text: habit

text: and

text: habitat

text: and

text: can

text: include

text: a

text: passive

text: pupal

text: stage

text: in

text: those

text: groups

text: that

text: undergo

text: metamorphosis

text: see

text: holometabolism

text: Insects

text: that

text: undergo

text: metamorphosis

text: lack

text: a

text: pupal

text: stage

text: and

text: adults

text: develop

text: through

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: nymphal

text: stages

text: The

text: higher

text: level

text: relationship

text: of

text: the

text: Hexapoda

text: is

text: unclear

text: Fossilized

text: insects

text: of

text: enormous

text: size

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: from

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: including

text: giant

text: dragonflies

text: with

text: wingspans

text: of

text: to

text: cm

text: in

text: The

text: most

text: diverse

text: insect

text: groups

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: coevolved

text: with

text: flowering

text: plants

question: How does the lifecycle of most insects typically begin?

answer: hatch from eggs

text: hatch from eggs

question: What is the primary constraint on the physical growth of an insect?

answer: inelastic exoskeleton

text: inelastic exoskeleton

question: What stage of development differentiates a 4-stage metamorphosis from a 3-stage metamorphosis, notably absent in the latter?

answer: pupal stage

text: pupal stage

question: What is the term given to denote the series of stages involved in the development of an adult insect?

answer: nymphal

text: nymphal

question: What era is attributed to the findings of enormous fossilized dragonflies with extremely long wingspans?

answer: Paleozoic

text: Paleozoic

question: Insects hatch from what?

answer: eggs

text: eggs

question: Insects growth is constrained by what?

answer: the inelastic exoskeleton

text: the inelastic exoskeleton

question: An insects developement involves a series of what?

answer: molts

text: molts

question: How many stages of metamorphosis does an insect go through?

answer: 4-stage

question: The most diverse insects coevolved with what?

answer: flowering plants

text: flowering plants


text: Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards. The club was renamed again to Woolwich Arsenal after becoming a limited company in 1893. The club became the first southern member of the Football League in 1893, starting out in the Second Division, and won promotion to the First Division in 1904. The club's relative geographic isolation resulted in lower attendances than those of other clubs, which led to the club becoming mired in financial problems and effectively bankrupt by 1910, when they were taken over by businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall. Norris sought to move the club elsewhere, and in 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, north London; they dropped "Woolwich" from their name the following year. Arsenal only finished in fifth place in the second division during the last pre-war competitive season of 1914–15, but were nevertheless elected to rejoin the First Division when competitive football resumed in 1919–20, at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Some books have reported that this election to division 1 was achieved by dubious means.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Arsenal

text: Football

text: Club

text: was

text: formed

text: as

text: Dial

text: Square

text: in

text: by

text: workers

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Arsenal

text: in

text: Woolwich

text: south

text: east

text: London

text: and

text: were

text: renamed

text: Royal

text: Arsenal

text: shortly

text: afterwards

text: The

text: club

text: was

text: renamed

text: again

text: to

text: Woolwich

text: Arsenal

text: after

text: becoming

text: a

text: limited

text: company

text: in

text: The

text: club

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: southern

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: in

text: starting

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Division

text: and

text: won

text: promotion

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: Division

text: in

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: relative

text: geographic

text: isolation

text: resulted

text: in

text: lower

text: attendances

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: other

text: clubs

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: club

text: becoming

text: mired

text: in

text: financial

text: problems

text: and

text: effectively

text: bankrupt

text: by

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: businessmen

text: Henry

text: Norris

text: and

text: William

text: Hall

text: Norris

text: sought

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: club

text: elsewhere

text: and

text: in

text: soon

text: after

text: relegation

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Second

text: Division

text: Arsenal

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: Arsenal

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Highbury

text: north

text: London

text: they

text: dropped

text: Woolwich

text: from

text: their

text: name

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: Arsenal

text: only

text: finished

text: in

text: fifth

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: division

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: pre

text: war

text: competitive

text: season

text: of

text: but

text: were

text: nevertheless

text: elected

text: to

text: rejoin

text: the

text: First

text: Division

text: when

text: competitive

text: football

text: resumed

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: local

text: rivals

text: Tottenham

text: Hotspur

text: Some

text: books

text: have

text: reported

text: that

text: this

text: election

text: to

text: division

text: was

text: achieved

text: by

text: dubious

text: means

question: What group from the munitions plant in Woolwich formed the Arsenal club?

answer: workers

text: workers

question: By what year had Arsenal become a limited company?

answer: 1893

question: When did Arsenal move to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury?

answer: 1913

question: In which division was Arsenal ranked by the start of WWI?

answer: second division

text: second division

question: By 1920 where was Arsenal ranked in division?

answer: First Division

text: First Division


text: The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.

title: Grape

title: Grape

text: The

text: cultivation

text: of

text: the

text: domesticated

text: grape

text: began

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: Yeast

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: domesticated

text: microorganisms

text: occurs

text: naturally

text: on

text: the

text: skins

text: of

text: grapes

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: innovation

text: of

text: alcoholic

text: drinks

text: such

text: as

text: wine

text: The

text: earliest

text: archeological

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: dominant

text: position

text: of

text: wine

text: making

text: in

text: human

text: culture

text: dates

text: from

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: Georgia

text: The

text: oldest

text: winery

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: Armenia

text: dating

text: to

text: around

text: BC.[citation

text: needed

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Shiraz

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: produce

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: wines

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Thus

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: proposed

text: that

text: Syrah

text: red

text: wine

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Shiraz

text: a

text: city

text: in

text: Persia

text: where

text: the

text: grape

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: Shirazi

text: wine.[citation

text: needed

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: hieroglyphics

text: record

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: purple

text: grapes,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: history

text: attests

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greeks

text: Phoenicians

text: and

text: Romans

text: growing

text: purple

text: grapes

text: for

text: both

text: eating

text: and

text: wine

text: production[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: growing

text: of

text: grapes

text: would

text: later

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: regions

text: in

text: Europe

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: eventually

text: in

text: North

text: America

question: How long ago were grapes first cultivated?

answer: 6,000–8,000 years ago

text: 6,000–8,000 years ago

question: What microorganisms are naturally found on a grapes skin?

answer: Yeast

text: Yeast

question: Where is the oldest know winery located?

answer: Armenia

text: Armenia

question: What city is Syrah red wine believed to have been named after?

answer: Shiraz

text: Shiraz

question: How do we know that wine was made in ancient Egypt?

answer: hieroglyphics

text: hieroglyphics


text: Islanders speak both English and a creole language known as Norfuk, a blend of 18th-century English and Tahitian. The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists travel to the island and more young people leave for work and study reasons; however, there are efforts to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents. In 2004 an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made it a co-official language of the island. The act is long-titled: "An Act to recognise the Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) as an official language of Norfolk Island." The "language known as 'Norf'k'" is described as the language "that is spoken by descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island". The act recognises and protects use of the language but does not require it; in official use, it must be accompanied by an accurate translation into English. 32% of the total population reported speaking a language other than English in the 2011 census, and just under three-quarters of the ordinarily resident population could speak Norfuk.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Islanders

text: speak

text: both

text: English

text: and

text: a

text: creole

text: language

text: known

text: as

text: Norfuk

text: a

text: blend

text: of

text: century

text: English

text: and

text: Tahitian

text: The

text: Norfuk

text: language

text: is

text: decreasing

text: in

text: popularity

text: as

text: more

text: tourists

text: travel

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: more

text: young

text: people

text: leave

text: for

text: work

text: and

text: study

text: reasons

text: however

text: there

text: are

text: efforts

text: to

text: keep

text: it

text: alive

text: via

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: the

text: renaming

text: of

text: some

text: tourist

text: attractions

text: to

text: their

text: Norfuk

text: equivalents

text: In

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: Assembly

text: made

text: it

text: a

text: co

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: The

text: act

text: is

text: long

text: titled

text: An

text: Act

text: to

text: recognise

text: the

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: Language

text: Norf'k

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: The

text: language

text: known

text: as

text: Norf'k

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: spoken

text: by

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: free

text: settlers

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: who

text: were

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: settlers

text: of

text: Pitcairn

text: Island

text: The

text: act

text: recognises

text: and

text: protects

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: it

text: in

text: official

text: use

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: accurate

text: translation

text: into

text: English

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: reported

text: speaking

text: a

text: language

text: other

text: than

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: and

text: just

text: under

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: ordinarily

text: resident

text: population

text: could

text: speak

text: Norfuk

question: What languages do residents of Norfolk Island speak?

answer: English and a creole language known as Norfuk

text: English and a creole language known as Norfuk

question: What is the Norfuk language a mixture of?

answer: 18th-century English and Tahitian

text: 18th-century English and Tahitian

question: The Norfuk language of Norfolk Island was first spoken by whom?

answer: descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island

text: descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island

question: What is the official co-language of Norfolk Island?

answer: The Norfuk language

text: The Norfuk language

question: What part of the residents of Norfolk Island could speak Norfuk as of 2011?

answer: under three-quarters

text: under three-quarters


text: TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: TB

text: infection

text: begins

text: when

text: the

text: mycobacteria

text: reach

text: the

text: pulmonary

text: alveoli

text: where

text: they

text: invade

text: and

text: replicate

text: within

text: endosomes

text: of

text: alveolar

text: macrophages

text: Macrophages

text: identify

text: the

text: bacterium

text: as

text: foreign

text: and

text: attempt

text: to

text: eliminate

text: it

text: by

text: phagocytosis

text: During

text: this

text: process

text: the

text: bacterium

text: is

text: enveloped

text: by

text: the

text: macrophage

text: and

text: stored

text: temporarily

text: in

text: a

text: membrane

text: bound

text: vesicle

text: called

text: a

text: phagosome

text: The

text: phagosome

text: then

text: combines

text: with

text: a

text: lysosome

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: phagolysosome

text: In

text: the

text: phagolysosome

text: the

text: cell

text: attempts

text: to

text: use

text: reactive

text: oxygen

text: species

text: and

text: acid

text: to

text: kill

text: the

text: bacterium

text: However

text: M.

text: tuberculosis

text: has

text: a

text: thick

text: waxy

text: mycolic

text: acid

text: capsule

text: that

text: protects

text: it

text: from

text: these

text: toxic

text: substances

text: M.

text: tuberculosis

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: reproduce

text: inside

text: the

text: macrophage

text: and

text: will

text: eventually

text: kill

text: the

text: immune

text: cell

question: What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection?

answer: pulmonary alveoli

text: pulmonary alveoli

question: What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium?

answer: phagocytosis

text: phagocytosis

question: What do you get when you combine a lysosome and a phagosome?

answer: a phagolysosome

text: a phagolysosome

question: What does the M. tuberculosis bacterium have that protects it from being affected by toxins?

answer: mycolic acid capsule

text: mycolic acid capsule

question: What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis?

answer: phagosome

text: phagosome


text: Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Although

text: the

text: importation

text: of

text: slaves

text: to

text: St

text: Helena

text: had

text: been

text: banned

text: in

text: the

text: phased

text: emancipation

text: of

text: over

text: resident

text: slaves

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: place

text: until

text: which

text: was

text: still

text: some

text: six

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: British

text: Parliament

text: passed

text: legislation

text: to

text: ban

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

question: When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?

answer: 1792

question: The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?

answer: 1827

question: Who banned slavery in their colonies?

answer: British Parliament

text: British Parliament

question: Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?

answer: 800


text: On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the time that the trial wound its way through nine years of legal battles, the U.S. prosecuting attorney had died and the two Bell patents (No. 174,465 dated March 7, 1876 and No. 186,787 dated January 30, 1877) were no longer in effect, although the presiding judges agreed to continue the proceedings due to the case's importance as a "precedent". With a change in administration and charges of conflict of interest (on both sides) arising from the original trial, the US Attorney General dropped the lawsuit on November 30, 1897 leaving several issues undecided on the merits.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: U

text: S.

text: Government

text: moved

text: to

text: annul

text: the

text: patent

text: issued

text: to

text: Bell

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: fraud

text: and

text: misrepresentation

text: After

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: decisions

text: and

text: reversals

text: the

text: Bell

text: company

text: won

text: a

text: decision

text: in

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: though

text: a

text: couple

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: claims

text: from

text: the

text: lower

text: court

text: cases

text: were

text: left

text: undecided

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: trial

text: wound

text: its

text: way

text: through

text: nine

text: years

text: of

text: legal

text: battles

text: the

text: U.S.

text: prosecuting

text: attorney

text: had

text: died

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: Bell

text: patents

text: No

text: dated

text: March

text: and

text: No

text: dated

text: January

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: effect

text: although

text: the

text: presiding

text: judges

text: agreed

text: to

text: continue

text: the

text: proceedings

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: case

text: 's

text: importance

text: as

text: a

text: precedent

text: With

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: administration

text: and

text: charges

text: of

text: conflict

text: of

text: interest

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: arising

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: trial

text: the

text: US

text: Attorney

text: General

text: dropped

text: the

text: lawsuit

text: on

text: November

text: leaving

text: several

text: issues

text: undecided

text: on

text: the

text: merits

question: In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what?

answer: misrepresentation

text: misrepresentation

question: The US Government lost the bid to overturn Bell's patent in what court?

answer: Supreme Court

text: Supreme Court

question: How many years did Bell and the US Government fight in court?

answer: 9

question: What excuse did the judges have for the trial despite the fact that the patents had expired?

answer: precedent

text: precedent

question: On what date did the US Government stop legal action?

answer: November 30, 1897

text: November 30, 1897


text: The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early divergence between North American and Central American plus South American populations. Hypotheses which posit that invasions subsequent to the Clovis culture overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas were ruled out.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: individual

text: was

text: from

text: a

text: population

text: directly

text: ancestral

text: to

text: present

text: South

text: American

text: and

text: Central

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: and

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: present

text: North

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: The

text: implication

text: is

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: divergence

text: between

text: North

text: American

text: and

text: Central

text: American

text: plus

text: South

text: American

text: populations

text: Hypotheses

text: which

text: posit

text: that

text: invasions

text: subsequent

text: to

text: the

text: Clovis

text: culture

text: overwhelmed

text: or

text: assimilated

text: previous

text: migrants

text: into

text: the

text: Americas

text: were

text: ruled

text: out

question: What does the data indicate about the population the individual was from?

answer: directly ancestral

text: directly ancestral

question: What populations is the individual closely related to?

answer: present North American Native American

text: present North American Native American

question: What type of divergence is implicated to have occurred between North American and South American populations?

answer: early

text: early

question: Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?

answer: ruled out

text: ruled out


text: The next year Madonna and Maverick sued Warner Music Group and its former parent company Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars. In return, Warner filed a countersuit alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own. The dispute was resolved when the Maverick shares, owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev, were purchased by Warner. Madonna and Dashev's company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music, but Madonna was still signed to Warner under a separate recording contract.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: The

text: next

text: year

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Maverick

text: sued

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: and

text: its

text: former

text: parent

text: company

text: Time

text: Warner

text: claiming

text: that

text: mismanagement

text: of

text: resources

text: and

text: poor

text: bookkeeping

text: had

text: cost

text: the

text: company

text: millions

text: of

text: dollars

text: In

text: return

text: Warner

text: filed

text: a

text: countersuit

text: alleging

text: that

text: Maverick

text: had

text: lost

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: dollars

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: The

text: dispute

text: was

text: resolved

text: when

text: the

text: Maverick

text: shares

text: owned

text: by

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Ronnie

text: Dashev

text: were

text: purchased

text: by

text: Warner

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Dashev

text: 's

text: company

text: became

text: a

text: wholly

text: owned

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Warner

text: Music

text: but

text: Madonna

text: was

text: still

text: signed

text: to

text: Warner

text: under

text: a

text: separate

text: recording

text: contract

question: Madonna and Maverick sued which company for poor bookkeeping and mismanagement of resources?

answer: Warner Music Group

text: Warner Music Group

question: Warner filed a countersuit stating that who lost 10 of millions of dollars on its own?

answer: Maverick

text: Maverick

question: Warner resolved the dispute by buying whose shares?

answer: Madonna and Ronnie Dashev

text: Madonna and Ronnie Dashev

question: Maverick became a wholly owned  subsidiary of which company?

answer: Warner Music

text: Warner Music