text: In 1955 American nuclear arms policy became one aimed primarily at arms control as opposed to disarmament. The failure of negotiations over arms until 1955 was due mainly to the refusal of the Russians to permit any sort of inspections. In talks located in London that year, they expressed a willingness to discuss inspections; the tables were then turned on Eisenhower, when he responded with an unwillingness on the part of the U.S. to permit inspections. In May of that year the Russians agreed to sign a treaty giving independence to Austria, and paved the way for a Geneva summit with the U.S., U.K. and France. At the Geneva Conference Eisenhower presented a proposal called "Open Skies" to facilitate disarmament, which included plans for Russia and the U.S. to provide mutual access to each other's skies for open surveillance of military infrastructure. Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev dismissed the proposal out of hand.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: American

text: nuclear

text: arms

text: policy

text: became

text: one

text: aimed

text: primarily

text: at

text: arms

text: control

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: disarmament

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: negotiations

text: over

text: arms

text: until

text: was

text: due

text: mainly

text: to

text: the

text: refusal

text: of

text: the

text: Russians

text: to

text: permit

text: any

text: sort

text: of

text: inspections

text: In

text: talks

text: located

text: in

text: London

text: that

text: year

text: they

text: expressed

text: a

text: willingness

text: to

text: discuss

text: inspections

text: the

text: tables

text: were

text: then

text: turned

text: on

text: Eisenhower

text: when

text: he

text: responded

text: with

text: an

text: unwillingness

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: permit

text: inspections

text: In

text: May

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: Russians

text: agreed

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: treaty

text: giving

text: independence

text: to

text: Austria

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: a

text: Geneva

text: summit

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: U.K.

text: and

text: France

text: At

text: the

text: Geneva

text: Conference

text: Eisenhower

text: presented

text: a

text: proposal

text: called

text: Open

text: Skies

text: to

text: facilitate

text: disarmament

text: which

text: included

text: plans

text: for

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: provide

text: mutual

text: access

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: skies

text: for

text: open

text: surveillance

text: of

text: military

text: infrastructure

text: Russian

text: leader

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: dismissed

text: the

text: proposal

text: out

text: of

text: hand

question: Why did nuclear arms negotiations with Russia fail prior to 1955?

answer: refusal of the Russians to permit any sort of inspections

text: refusal of the Russians to permit any sort of inspections

question: In what city did the US and Russia conduct nuclear talks in 1955?

answer: London

text: London

question: Who refused to permit nuclear weapons inspections in the wake of the 1955 talks?

answer: Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

question: In May of 1955, a treaty was signed giving independence to what country?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: What was the plan Eisenhower presented at the Geneva Conference called?

answer: Open Skies

text: Open Skies


text: A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems of the American forces were also quite capable, although they receive little attention. Their needs could cogently be met with smaller-calibre ordnance beyond using the usual singly-mounted M2 .50 caliber machine gun atop a tank's turret, as four of the ground-used "heavy barrel" (M2HB) guns were mounted together on the American Maxson firm's M45 Quadmount weapons system (as a direct answer to the Flakvierling),which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft. Although of less power than Germany's 20 mm systems, the typical 4 or 5 combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread many kilometers apart from each other, rapidly attaching and detaching to larger ground combat units to provide welcome defence from enemy aircraft.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: A

text: plethora

text: of

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: gun

text: systems

text: of

text: smaller

text: calibre

text: were

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Wehrmacht

text: combined

text: forces

text: and

text: among

text: them

text: the

text: Flakvierling

text: mm

text: gun

text: antiaircraft

text: weapon

text: system

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: often

text: seen

text: weapons

text: seeing

text: service

text: on

text: both

text: land

text: and

text: sea

text: The

text: similar

text: Allied

text: smaller

text: calibre

text: air

text: defence

text: weapons

text: systems

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: forces

text: were

text: also

text: quite

text: capable

text: although

text: they

text: receive

text: little

text: attention

text: Their

text: needs

text: could

text: cogently

text: be

text: met

text: with

text: smaller

text: calibre

text: ordnance

text: beyond

text: using

text: the

text: usual

text: singly

text: mounted

text: caliber

text: machine

text: gun

text: atop

text: a

text: tank

text: 's

text: turret

text: as

text: four

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: used

text: heavy

text: barrel

text: guns

text: were

text: mounted

text: together

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: Maxson

text: firm

text: 's

text: Quadmount

text: weapons

text: system

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: Flakvierling),which

text: were

text: often

text: mounted

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: a

text: half

text: track

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Half

text: Track

text: GMC

text: Anti

text: Aircraft

text: Although

text: of

text: less

text: power

text: than

text: Germany

text: 's

text: mm

text: systems

text: the

text: typical

text: or

text: combat

text: batteries

text: of

text: an

text: Army

text: AAA

text: battalion

text: were

text: often

text: spread

text: many

text: kilometers

text: apart

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: rapidly

text: attaching

text: and

text: detaching

text: to

text: larger

text: ground

text: combat

text: units

text: to

text: provide

text: welcome

text: defence

text: from

text: enemy

text: aircraft

question: What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?

answer: 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system

text: 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system

question: What weapons system did American troops use but received minute attention?

answer: Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems

text: Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems

question: How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?

answer: four

text: four

question: This system was a direct answer to what?

answer: the Flakvierling

text: the Flakvierling

question: The combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread how far apart from each other?

answer: many kilometers

text: many kilometers


text: The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: pubs

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: has

text: declined

text: year

text: on

text: year

text: at

text: least

text: since

text: Various

text: reasons

text: are

text: put

text: forward

text: for

text: this

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: some

text: establishments

text: to

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: customer

text: requirements

text: Others

text: claim

text: the

text: smoking

text: ban

text: of

text: intense

text: competition

text: from

text: gastro

text: pubs

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: cheap

text: alcohol

text: in

text: supermarkets

text: or

text: the

text: general

text: economic

text: climate

text: are

text: either

text: to

text: blame

text: or

text: are

text: factors

text: in

text: the

text: decline

text: Changes

text: in

text: demographics

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: additional

text: factor

question: When was a smoking ban passed in the United Kingdom?

answer: 2007

question: In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline?

answer: 1982

question: Competition from what new form of establishment is sometimes blamed for the decline of pubs?

answer: gastro-pubs

text: gastro-pubs

question: What business that sells cheap alcohol has sometimes been held to have resulted in the decline of pubs?

answer: supermarkets

text: supermarkets


text: During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them. In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South. The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation it called the COINTELPRO, which was short for "COunter-INTELligence PROgram." It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization with clergy leadership.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: FBI

text: officials

text: became

text: increasingly

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: civil

text: rights

text: leaders

text: whom

text: they

text: believed

text: had

text: communist

text: ties

text: or

text: were

text: unduly

text: influenced

text: by

text: them

text: In

text: for

text: example

text: Hoover

text: sent

text: an

text: open

text: letter

text: denouncing

text: Dr.

text: T.R.M.

text: Howard

text: a

text: civil

text: rights

text: leader

text: surgeon

text: and

text: wealthy

text: entrepreneur

text: in

text: Mississippi

text: who

text: had

text: criticized

text: FBI

text: inaction

text: in

text: solving

text: recent

text: murders

text: of

text: George

text: W.

text: Lee

text: Emmett

text: Till

text: and

text: other

text: blacks

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: The

text: FBI

text: carried

text: out

text: controversial

text: domestic

text: surveillance

text: in

text: an

text: operation

text: it

text: called

text: the

text: COINTELPRO

text: which

text: was

text: short

text: for

text: COunter

text: INTELligence

text: PROgram

text: It

text: was

text: to

text: investigate

text: and

text: disrupt

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: dissident

text: political

text: organizations

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: including

text: both

text: militant

text: and

text: non

text: violent

text: organizations

text: Among

text: its

text: targets

text: was

text: the

text: Southern

text: Christian

text: Leadership

text: Conference

text: a

text: leading

text: civil

text: rights

text: organization

text: with

text: clergy

text: leadership

question: When did the FBI become concerned about Civil Rights?

answer: 1950s and 1960s

text: 1950s and 1960s

question: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?

answer: communist ties

text: communist ties

question: Who did Hoover send an open letter denouncing?

answer: Dr. T.R.M. Howard

text: Dr. T.R.M. Howard

question: What agency had Dr. T.R.M. Howard criticized?

answer: FBI

text: FBI

question: What was the controversial domestic surveillance operation in this era?

answer: COINTELPRO

text: COINTELPRO


text: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world. In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: The

text: foundation

text: trust

text: invests

text: undistributed

text: assets

text: with

text: the

text: exclusive

text: goal

text: of

text: maximizing

text: the

text: return

text: on

text: investment

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: its

text: investments

text: include

text: companies

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: for

text: worsening

text: poverty

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: developing

text: countries

text: where

text: the

text: foundation

text: is

text: attempting

text: to

text: relieve

text: poverty

text: These

text: include

text: companies

text: that

text: pollute

text: heavily

text: and

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: sell

text: into

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: press

text: criticism

text: the

text: foundation

text: announced

text: in

text: a

text: review

text: of

text: its

text: investments

text: to

text: assess

text: social

text: responsibility

text: It

text: subsequently

text: cancelled

text: the

text: review

text: and

text: stood

text: by

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: investing

text: for

text: maximum

text: return

text: while

text: using

text: voting

text: rights

text: to

text: influence

text: company

text: practices

question: What does the Trust invest

answer: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets

text: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets

question: What is the goal of the Trust investments

answer: exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment

text: exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment

question: What are some of the negatives of the investments

answer: its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries

text: its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries

question: What type of company's are  critiscized

answer: These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world

text: These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world

question: As a result of the critics what did the company announce

answer: the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review

text: the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review


text: The assumption of the use of a two-beamed cross does not determine the number of nails used in the crucifixion and some theories suggest three nails while others suggest four nails. However, throughout history larger numbers of nails have been hypothesized, at times as high as 14 nails. These variations are also present in the artistic depictions of the crucifixion. In the Western Church, before the Renaissance usually four nails would be depicted, with the feet side by side. After the Renaissance most depictions use three nails, with one foot placed on the other. Nails are almost always depicted in art, although Romans sometimes just tied the victims to the cross. The tradition also carries to Christian emblems, e.g. the Jesuits use three nails under the IHS monogram and a cross to symbolize the crucifixion.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: assumption

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: two

text: beamed

text: cross

text: does

text: not

text: determine

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: nails

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: and

text: some

text: theories

text: suggest

text: three

text: nails

text: while

text: others

text: suggest

text: four

text: nails

text: However

text: throughout

text: history

text: larger

text: numbers

text: of

text: nails

text: have

text: been

text: hypothesized

text: at

text: times

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: nails

text: These

text: variations

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: artistic

text: depictions

text: of

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: Church

text: before

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: usually

text: four

text: nails

text: would

text: be

text: depicted

text: with

text: the

text: feet

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: After

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: most

text: depictions

text: use

text: three

text: nails

text: with

text: one

text: foot

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: Nails

text: are

text: almost

text: always

text: depicted

text: in

text: art

text: although

text: Romans

text: sometimes

text: just

text: tied

text: the

text: victims

text: to

text: the

text: cross

text: The

text: tradition

text: also

text: carries

text: to

text: Christian

text: emblems

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Jesuits

text: use

text: three

text: nails

text: under

text: the

text: IHS

text: monogram

text: and

text: a

text: cross

text: to

text: symbolize

text: the

text: crucifixion

question: How many nails were suggested they used for the crucifixion?

answer: three nails

text: three nails

question: According to some sources, what is theorized to be the maximum nails used?

answer: 14 nails

text: 14 nails

question: What adds to the confusion of the number of nails used?

answer: artistic depictions of the crucifixion

text: artistic depictions of the crucifixion

question: What do all artworks have in common regarding the crucifixion?

answer: Nails are almost always depicted

text: Nails are almost always depicted

question: Jesuits claim how many nails were used?

answer: three nails

text: three nails


text: Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Catalan

text: /ˈkætəlæn/

text: autonym

text: català

text: kətəˈla

text: or

text: kataˈla

text: is

text: a

text: Romance

text: language

text: named

text: for

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: Catalonia

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: northeastern

text: Spain

text: and

text: adjoining

text: parts

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: and

text: only

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Andorra

text: and

text: a

text: co

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: autonomous

text: communities

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: and

text: Valencia

text: where

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Valencian

text: and

text: there

text: exist

text: regional

text: standards

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: semi

text: official

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Alghero

text: on

text: the

text: Italian

text: island

text: of

text: Sardinia

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: spoken

text: with

text: no

text: official

text: recognition

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: autonomous

text: communities

text: of

text: Aragon

text: La

text: Franja

text: and

text: Murcia

text: Carche

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: French

text: region

text: of

text: Roussillon

text: Northern

text: Catalonia

text: roughly

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: department

text: of

text: Pyrénées

text: Orientales

question: What place is Catalan named for?

answer: Catalonia

text: Catalonia

question: What type of language is Catalan?

answer: Romance language

text: Romance language

question: What is Catalan called in Valencia?

answer: Valencian

text: Valencian

question: Where is Catalan the only official language?

answer: Andorra

text: Andorra


text: The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around the 12th century AD. One estimate is that this location produced an estimated million tonnes of metallic zinc and zinc oxide from the 12th to 16th centuries. Another estimate gives a total production of 60,000 tonnes of metallic zinc over this period. The Rasaratna Samuccaya, written in approximately the 13th century AD, mentions two types of zinc-containing ores: one used for metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: The

text: Charaka

text: Samhita

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: written

text: between

text: and

text: AD

text: mentions

text: a

text: metal

text: which

text: when

text: oxidized

text: produces

text: pushpanjan

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: Zinc

text: mines

text: at

text: Zawar

text: near

text: Udaipur

text: in

text: India

text: have

text: been

text: active

text: since

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: period

text: The

text: smelting

text: of

text: metallic

text: zinc

text: here

text: however

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: begun

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: One

text: estimate

text: is

text: that

text: this

text: location

text: produced

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: tonnes

text: of

text: metallic

text: zinc

text: and

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: Another

text: estimate

text: gives

text: a

text: total

text: production

text: of

text: tonnes

text: of

text: metallic

text: zinc

text: over

text: this

text: period

text: The

text: Rasaratna

text: Samuccaya

text: written

text: in

text: approximately

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: mentions

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: zinc

text: containing

text: ores

text: one

text: used

text: for

text: metal

text: extraction

text: and

text: another

text: used

text: for

text: medicinal

text: purposes

question: Zinc oxide is believed to be mentioned in what ancient text?

answer: The Charaka Samhita

text: The Charaka Samhita

question: Active zinc mines in India date back to what period?

answer: Mauryan period

text: Mauryan period

question: What process occurred around the 12th century?

answer: smelting of metallic zinc

text: smelting of metallic zinc

question: When was the Rasaratna Samuccaya written?

answer: 13th century AD,

text: 13th century AD,

question: What are the two uses of zinc ore mentioned in the Rasaratna Samuccaya?

answer: metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes

text: metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes


text: On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose and insidious in method ..." and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals and continued with a warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex."

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: On

text: January

text: Eisenhower

text: gave

text: his

text: final

text: televised

text: Address

text: to

text: the

text: Nation

text: from

text: the

text: Oval

text: Office

text: In

text: his

text: farewell

text: speech

text: Eisenhower

text: raised

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: and

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: armed

text: forces

text: He

text: described

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: We

text: face

text: a

text: hostile

text: ideology

text: global

text: in

text: scope

text: atheistic

text: in

text: character

text: ruthless

text: in

text: purpose

text: and

text: insidious

text: in

text: method

text: and

text: warned

text: about

text: what

text: he

text: saw

text: as

text: unjustified

text: government

text: spending

text: proposals

text: and

text: continued

text: with

text: a

text: warning

text: that

text: we

text: must

text: guard

text: against

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: unwarranted

text: influence

text: whether

text: sought

text: or

text: unsought

text: by

text: the

text: military

text: industrial

text: complex

question: On what date did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?

answer: January 17, 1961

text: January 17, 1961

question: In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of?

answer: military–industrial

text: military–industrial

question: What war did Eisenhower talk about in his Address to the Nation?

answer: Cold

text: Cold

question: What term did Eisenhower use to describe the character of communism?

answer: atheistic

text: atheistic

question: From where did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?

answer: Oval Office

text: Oval Office


text: Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed the problem as part of "robustness and fragility". He also took action against the establishment view by making a big financial bet on banking stocks and making a fortune from the crisis ("They didn't listen, so I took their money"). According to David Brooks from the New York Times, "Taleb not only has an explanation for what’s happening, he saw it coming."

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Stock

text: trader

text: and

text: financial

text: risk

text: engineer

text: Nassim

text: Nicholas

text: Taleb

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: The

text: Black

text: Swan

text: spent

text: years

text: warning

text: against

text: the

text: breakdown

text: of

text: the

text: banking

text: system

text: in

text: particular

text: and

text: the

text: economy

text: in

text: general

text: owing

text: to

text: their

text: use

text: of

text: bad

text: risk

text: models

text: and

text: reliance

text: on

text: forecasting

text: and

text: their

text: reliance

text: on

text: bad

text: models

text: and

text: framed

text: the

text: problem

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: robustness

text: and

text: fragility

text: He

text: also

text: took

text: action

text: against

text: the

text: establishment

text: view

text: by

text: making

text: a

text: big

text: financial

text: bet

text: on

text: banking

text: stocks

text: and

text: making

text: a

text: fortune

text: from

text: the

text: crisis

text: They

text: did

text: n't

text: listen

text: so

text: I

text: took

text: their

text: money

text: According

text: to

text: David

text: Brooks

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Taleb

text: not

text: only

text: has

text: an

text: explanation

text: for

text: what

text: ’s

text: happening

text: he

text: saw

text: it

text: coming

question: Who wrote the 2007 book The Black Swan?

answer: Nassim Nicholas Taleb

text: Nassim Nicholas Taleb

question: What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb?

answer: David Brooks

text: David Brooks

question: What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb warn about for years prior to the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: the breakdown of the banking system

text: the breakdown of the banking system

question: What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb make a fortune on by making a big financial bet?

answer: banking stocks

text: banking stocks


text: Legislative powers are exercised by a 300-member elective unicameral Parliament. Statutes passed by the Parliament are promulgated by the President of the Republic. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. The President is also obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier, if the opposition manages to pass a motion of no confidence.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Legislative

text: powers

text: are

text: exercised

text: by

text: a

text: elective

text: unicameral

text: Parliament

text: Statutes

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: are

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: Parliamentary

text: elections

text: are

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: but

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: is

text: obliged

text: to

text: dissolve

text: the

text: Parliament

text: earlier

text: on

text: the

text: proposal

text: of

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: in

text: view

text: of

text: dealing

text: with

text: a

text: national

text: issue

text: of

text: exceptional

text: importance

text: The

text: President

text: is

text: also

text: obliged

text: to

text: dissolve

text: the

text: Parliament

text: earlier

text: if

text: the

text: opposition

text: manages

text: to

text: pass

text: a

text: motion

text: of

text: no

text: confidence

question: How many members are in Greece's parliament?

answer: 300

question: How often are elections help for parliament?

answer: every four years

text: every four years

question: Parliamentary statutes are put into effect by who?

answer: President of the Republic

text: President of the Republic


text: The illuminated ceiling was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s but fell out of favor after the 1980s. This uses diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights, and is considered general lighting. Other forms include neon, which is not usually intended to illuminate anything else, but to actually be an artwork in itself. This would probably fall under accent lighting, though in a dark nightclub it could be considered general lighting.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: The

text: illuminated

text: ceiling

text: was

text: once

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: but

text: fell

text: out

text: of

text: favor

text: after

text: the

text: This

text: uses

text: diffuser

text: panels

text: hung

text: like

text: a

text: suspended

text: ceiling

text: below

text: fluorescent

text: lights

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: general

text: lighting

text: Other

text: forms

text: include

text: neon

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: usually

text: intended

text: to

text: illuminate

text: anything

text: else

text: but

text: to

text: actually

text: be

text: an

text: artwork

text: in

text: itself

text: This

text: would

text: probably

text: fall

text: under

text: accent

text: lighting

text: though

text: in

text: a

text: dark

text: nightclub

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: general

text: lighting

question: When would neon lighting be considered general lighting?

answer: dark nightclub

text: dark nightclub

question: What uses diffuser panels below fluorescent lights?

answer: illuminated ceiling

text: illuminated ceiling

question: Normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting?

answer: accent lighting

text: accent lighting


text: In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus. The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900. The construction of Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter. The school delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics. The delay allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope & Stewardson’s original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: opened

text: a

text: national

text: design

text: contest

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: campus

text: The

text: renowned

text: Philadelphia

text: firm

text: Cope

text: Stewardson

text: won

text: unanimously

text: with

text: its

text: plan

text: for

text: a

text: row

text: of

text: Collegiate

text: Gothic

text: quadrangles

text: inspired

text: by

text: Oxford

text: and

text: Cambridge

text: Universities

text: The

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: building

text: Busch

text: Hall

text: was

text: laid

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: construction

text: of

text: Brookings

text: Hall

text: Ridgley

text: and

text: Cupples

text: began

text: shortly

text: thereafter

text: The

text: school

text: delayed

text: occupying

text: these

text: buildings

text: until

text: to

text: accommodate

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Fair

text: and

text: Olympics

text: The

text: delay

text: allowed

text: the

text: university

text: to

text: construct

text: ten

text: buildings

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: originally

text: planned

text: This

text: original

text: cluster

text: of

text: buildings

text: set

text: a

text: precedent

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Danforth

text: Campus

text: Cope

text: Stewardson

text: ’s

text: original

text: plan

text: and

text: its

text: choice

text: of

text: building

text: materials

text: have

text: with

text: few

text: exceptions

text: guided

text: the

text: construction

text: and

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Danforth

text: Campus

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

question: When did Washington University hold a national design contest for the new campus?

answer: 1899

question: What firm won the Washington University national design contest?

answer: Cope & Stewardson

text: Cope & Stewardson

question: When was the cornerstone laid for Busch Hall?

answer: October 20, 1900

text: October 20, 1900

question: What were the names of the three buildings constructed after Busch Hall?

answer: Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples

text: Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples

question: Why did Washington University delay occupying of the new campus buildings until 1905?

answer: to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics

text: to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics


text: In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, translation may begin at the 5' end of the RNA while the 3' end is still being transcribed. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, where the cell's DNA is stored. The RNA molecule produced by the polymerase is known as the primary transcript and undergoes post-transcriptional modifications before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation. One of the modifications performed is the splicing of introns which are sequences in the transcribed region that do not encode protein. Alternative splicing mechanisms can result in mature transcripts from the same gene having different sequences and thus coding for different proteins. This is a major form of regulation in eukaryotic cells and also occurs in some prokaryotes.:7.5

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: In

text: prokaryotes

text: transcription

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: for

text: very

text: long

text: transcripts

text: translation

text: may

text: begin

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: RNA

text: while

text: the

text: end

text: is

text: still

text: being

text: transcribed

text: In

text: eukaryotes

text: transcription

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus

text: where

text: the

text: cell

text: 's

text: DNA

text: is

text: stored

text: The

text: RNA

text: molecule

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: polymerase

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: transcript

text: and

text: undergoes

text: post

text: transcriptional

text: modifications

text: before

text: being

text: exported

text: to

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: for

text: translation

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: modifications

text: performed

text: is

text: the

text: splicing

text: of

text: introns

text: which

text: are

text: sequences

text: in

text: the

text: transcribed

text: region

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: encode

text: protein

text: Alternative

text: splicing

text: mechanisms

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: mature

text: transcripts

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: gene

text: having

text: different

text: sequences

text: and

text: thus

text: coding

text: for

text: different

text: proteins

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: regulation

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: and

text: also

text: occurs

text: in

text: some

question: Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes?

answer: in the cytoplasm

text: in the cytoplasm

question: If the transcription is very long, where on the RNA may translation begin?

answer: at the 5' end of the RNA

text: at the 5' end of the RNA

question: Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

answer: transcription occurs in the nucleus

text: transcription occurs in the nucleus

question: Where does a eukaryote store the cell's DNA?

answer: in the nucleus

text: in the nucleus

question: What is the RNA molecule produced by the polymerase known as?

answer: the primary transcript

text: the primary transcript


text: After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010, Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president. The elections were held on 13 June, where he got 61.35% (57,088 votes, a record) of total votes. Rosell signed David Villa from Valencia for €40 million and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool for €19 million. In November 2010, Barcelona defeated their main rival, Real Madrid 5–0 in El Clásico. In the 2010–11 season, Barcelona retained the La Liga trophy, their third title in succession, finishing with 96 points. In April 2011, the club reached the Copa del Rey final, losing 1–0 to Real Madrid at the Mestalla in Valencia. In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the 2011 Champions League Final 3–1 held at Wembley Stadium, a repeat of the 2009 final, winning their fourth European Cup. In August 2011, La Masia graduate Cesc Fàbregas was bought from Arsenal and he would help Barcelona defend the Spanish Supercup against Real Madrid. The Supercup victory brought the total number of official trophies to 73, matching the number of titles won by Real Madrid.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: After

text: Laporta

text: 's

text: departure

text: from

text: the

text: club

text: in

text: June

text: Sandro

text: Rosell

text: was

text: soon

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: president

text: The

text: elections

text: were

text: held

text: on

text: June

text: where

text: he

text: got

text: votes

text: a

text: record

text: of

text: total

text: votes

text: Rosell

text: signed

text: David

text: Villa

text: from

text: Valencia

text: for

text: million

text: and

text: Javier

text: Mascherano

text: from

text: Liverpool

text: for

text: million

text: In

text: November

text: Barcelona

text: defeated

text: their

text: main

text: rival

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: in

text: El

text: Clásico

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: Barcelona

text: retained

text: the

text: La

text: Liga

text: trophy

text: their

text: third

text: title

text: in

text: succession

text: finishing

text: with

text: points

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: club

text: reached

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: final

text: losing

text: to

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: at

text: the

text: Mestalla

text: in

text: Valencia

text: In

text: May

text: Barcelona

text: defeated

text: Manchester

text: United

text: in

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: Final

text: held

text: at

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: a

text: repeat

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: winning

text: their

text: fourth

text: European

text: Cup

text: In

text: August

text: La

text: Masia

text: graduate

text: Cesc

text: Fàbregas

text: was

text: bought

text: from

text: Arsenal

text: and

text: he

text: would

text: help

text: Barcelona

text: defend

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Supercup

text: against

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: The

text: Supercup

text: victory

text: brought

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: official

text: trophies

text: to

text: matching

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: titles

text: won

text: by

text: Real

text: Madrid

question: Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010?

answer: Sandro Rosell

text: Sandro Rosell

question: What percentage of the votes for president did Rosell get?

answer: 61.35%

question: What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president?

answer: 57,088

question: How much did Barcelona pay to sign  David Villa?

answer: €40 million

text: €40 million

question: What team did Barcelona beat in El Clasico in 2010?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid


text: Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Forty

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: theaters

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seats

text: each

text: are

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: Broadway

text: after

text: the

text: major

text: thoroughfare

text: that

text: crosses

text: the

text: Times

text: Square

text: Theater

text: District

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Great

text: White

text: Way

text: According

text: to

text: The

text: Broadway

text: League

text: Broadway

text: shows

text: sold

text: approximately

text: US$

text: billion

text: worth

text: of

text: tickets

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: an

text: increase

text: from

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: Attendance

text: in

text: stood

text: at

text: million

text: representing

text: a

text: increase

text: from

text: the

text: season

text: 's

text: million

question: How many people attended Broadway shows during the 2013-2014 season?

answer: 12.21 million

text: 12.21 million

question: What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District?

answer: The Great White Way

text: The Great White Way

question: What was the dollar amount of the tickets sold on Broadway in 2013-14?

answer: US$1.27 billion

text: US$1.27 billion

question: What was the percentage increase in the Broadway ticket revenue from 2012-3 to 2013-4?

answer: 11.4%

question: How many people attended a Broadway show in the 2013-4 season?

answer: 12.21 million

text: 12.21 million

question: In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway?

answer: 11.57 million

text: 11.57 million


text: Roman calendars show roughly forty annual religious festivals. Some lasted several days, others a single day or less: sacred days (dies fasti) outnumbered "non-sacred" days (dies nefasti). A comparison of surviving Roman religious calendars suggests that official festivals were organized according to broad seasonal groups that allowed for different local traditions. Some of the most ancient and popular festivals incorporated ludi ("games," such as chariot races and theatrical performances), with examples including those held at Palestrina in honour of Fortuna Primigenia during Compitalia, and the Ludi Romani in honour of Liber. Other festivals may have required only the presence and rites of their priests and acolytes, or particular groups, such as women at the Bona Dea rites.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Roman

text: calendars

text: show

text: roughly

text: forty

text: annual

text: religious

text: festivals

text: Some

text: lasted

text: several

text: days

text: others

text: a

text: single

text: day

text: or

text: less

text: sacred

text: days

text: dies

text: fasti

text: outnumbered

text: non

text: sacred

text: days

text: dies

text: nefasti

text: A

text: comparison

text: of

text: surviving

text: Roman

text: religious

text: calendars

text: suggests

text: that

text: official

text: festivals

text: were

text: organized

text: according

text: to

text: broad

text: seasonal

text: groups

text: that

text: allowed

text: for

text: different

text: local

text: traditions

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: ancient

text: and

text: popular

text: festivals

text: incorporated

text: ludi

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: chariot

text: races

text: and

text: theatrical

text: performances

text: with

text: examples

text: including

text: those

text: held

text: at

text: Palestrina

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: Fortuna

text: Primigenia

text: during

text: Compitalia

text: and

text: the

text: Ludi

text: Romani

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: Liber

text: Other

text: festivals

text: may

text: have

text: required

text: only

text: the

text: presence

text: and

text: rites

text: of

text: their

text: priests

text: and

text: acolytes

text: or

text: particular

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: women

text: at

text: the

text: Bona

text: Dea

text: rites

question: How many religious celebrations did Rome have?

answer: forty

text: forty

question: What type of day were there more of in Rome?

answer: sacred days

text: sacred days

question: With what were Roman festivals organized in accordance?

answer: seasonal

text: seasonal

question: What traditions did the seasonal festivals incorporate?

answer: local

text: local

question: Instead of the public, what did some religious rites only require?

answer: particular groups

text: particular groups


text: Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: by

text: Spanish

text: explorer

text: Juan

text: de

text: Bermúdez

text: It

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Legatio

text: Babylonica

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: historian

text: Pedro

text: Mártir

text: de

text: Anglería

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: included

text: on

text: Spanish

text: charts

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: Both

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: ships

text: used

text: the

text: islands

text: as

text: a

text: replenishment

text: spot

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: fresh

text: meat

text: and

text: water

text: Legends

text: arose

text: of

text: spirits

text: and

text: devils

text: now

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: stemmed

text: from

text: the

text: calls

text: of

text: raucous

text: birds

text: most

text: likely

text: the

text: Bermuda

text: petrel

text: or

text: Cahow

text: and

text: the

text: loud

text: noise

text: heard

text: at

text: night

text: from

text: wild

text: hogs

text: Combined

text: with

text: the

text: frequent

text: storm

text: wracked

text: conditions

text: and

text: the

text: dangerous

text: reefs

text: the

text: archipelago

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Devils

text: Neither

text: Spain

text: nor

text: Portugal

text: tried

text: to

text: settle

text: it

question: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?

answer: Juan de Bermúdez

text: Juan de Bermúdez

question: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?

answer: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water

text: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water

question: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to?

answer: spirits and devils,

text: spirits and devils,

question: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name?

answer: Isle of Devils

text: Isle of Devils


text: In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around the empire, including early contacts with Russia — then seen as a tribute nation. The office had the status of a full ministry and was headed by officials of equal rank. However, appointees were at first restricted only to candidates of Manchu and Mongol ethnicity, until later open to Han Chinese as well.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: six

text: boards

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: Lifan

text: Yuan

text: unique

text: to

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: This

text: institution

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: supervise

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: Tibet

text: and

text: the

text: Mongol

text: lands

text: As

text: the

text: empire

text: expanded

text: it

text: took

text: over

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: of

text: all

text: minority

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: living

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: empire

text: including

text: early

text: contacts

text: with

text: Russia

text: then

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: tribute

text: nation

text: The

text: office

text: had

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: a

text: full

text: ministry

text: and

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: officials

text: of

text: equal

text: rank

text: However

text: appointees

text: were

text: at

text: first

text: restricted

text: only

text: to

text: candidates

text: of

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: ethnicity

text: until

text: later

text: open

text: to

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: as

text: well

question: Who governed the areas of Tibet and Mongolia?

answer: Lifan Yuan

text: Lifan Yuan

question: Who administered the minority groups?

answer: Lifan Yuan

text: Lifan Yuan

question: How many boards were there in the Qing government?

answer: six

text: six


text: Education is free and compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16  The island has three primary schools for students of age 4 to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s. Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18. At the beginning of the academic year 2009-10, 230 students were enrolled in primary school and 286 in secondary school.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Education

text: is

text: free

text: and

text: compulsory

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: three

text: primary

text: schools

text: for

text: students

text: of

text: age

text: to

text: Harford

text: Pilling

text: and

text: St

text: Paul

text: ’s

text: Prince

text: Andrew

text: School

text: provides

text: secondary

text: education

text: for

text: students

text: aged

text: to

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: academic

text: year

text: students

text: were

text: enrolled

text: in

text: primary

text: school

text: and

text: in

text: secondary

text: school

question: How many primary schools does the island have?

answer: 3

question: What are the 3 primary schools called?

answer: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s

text: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s

question: What is the name of the secondary school for the island?

answer: Prince Andrew School

text: Prince Andrew School

question: How many students were enrolled in primary school in 2010?

answer: 230


text: In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York. However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001. Mr Greenberger was later corrected on this matter.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: testimony

text: before

text: the

text: Senate

text: Committee

text: on

text: Commerce

text: Science

text: and

text: Transportation

text: on

text: June

text: former

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: CFTC

text: Division

text: of

text: Trading

text: Markets

text: responsible

text: for

text: enforcement

text: Michael

text: Greenberger

text: specifically

text: named

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: based

text: IntercontinentalExchange

text: founded

text: by

text: Goldman

text: Sachs

text: Morgan

text: Stanley

text: and

text: BP

text: as

text: playing

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: speculative

text: run

text: up

text: of

text: oil

text: futures

text: prices

text: traded

text: off

text: the

text: regulated

text: futures

text: exchanges

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: However

text: the

text: IntercontinentalExchange

text: ICE

text: had

text: been

text: regulated

text: by

text: both

text: European

text: and

text: U.S.

text: authorities

text: since

text: its

text: purchase

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Petroleum

text: Exchange

text: in

text: Mr

text: Greenberger

text: was

text: later

text: corrected

text: on

text: this

text: matter

question: Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008?

answer: Michael Greenberger

text: Michael Greenberger

question: Who did Michael Greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures?

answer: IntercontinentalExchange

text: IntercontinentalExchange

question: Who founded the Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange?

answer: Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP

text: Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP

question: Who purchased the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001?

answer: IntercontinentalExchange (ICE)

text: IntercontinentalExchange (ICE)

question: Where are regulated future exchanges located?

answer: London and New York

text: London and New York


text: The establishment of Ottoman military aviation dates back to between June 1909 and July 1911. The Ottoman Empire started preparing its first pilots and planes, and with the founding of the Aviation School (Tayyare Mektebi) in Yeşilköy on 3 July 1912, the Empire began to tutor its own flight officers. The founding of the Aviation School quickened advancement in the military aviation program, increased the number of enlisted persons within it, and gave the new pilots an active role in the Ottoman Army and Navy. In May 1913 the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started by the Aviation School and the first separate reconnaissance division was established.[citation needed] In June 1914 a new military academy, the Naval Aviation School (Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi) was founded. With the outbreak of World War I, the modernization process stopped abruptly. The Ottoman aviation squadrons fought on many fronts during World War I, from Galicia in the west to the Caucasus in the east and Yemen in the south.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: establishment

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: military

text: aviation

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: between

text: June

text: and

text: July

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: started

text: preparing

text: its

text: first

text: pilots

text: and

text: planes

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: Aviation

text: School

text: Tayyare

text: Mektebi

text: in

text: Yeşilköy

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: Empire

text: began

text: to

text: tutor

text: its

text: own

text: flight

text: officers

text: The

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: Aviation

text: School

text: quickened

text: advancement

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: aviation

text: program

text: increased

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: enlisted

text: persons

text: within

text: it

text: and

text: gave

text: the

text: new

text: pilots

text: an

text: active

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Army

text: and

text: Navy

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: specialized

text: Reconnaissance

text: Training

text: Program

text: was

text: started

text: by

text: the

text: Aviation

text: School

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: separate

text: reconnaissance

text: division

text: was

text: established.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: June

text: a

text: new

text: military

text: academy

text: the

text: Naval

text: Aviation

text: School

text: Bahriye

text: Tayyare

text: Mektebi

text: was

text: founded

text: With

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: the

text: modernization

text: process

text: stopped

text: abruptly

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: aviation

text: squadrons

text: fought

text: on

text: many

text: fronts

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: from

text: Galicia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Yemen

text: in

text: the

text: south

question: What was the first date that the Ottoman empire had an air-based military unit?

answer: June 1909

text: June 1909

question: Where was the first Ottoman Aviation school?

answer: Yeşilköy

text: Yeşilköy

question: On what date was the Aviation School founded?

answer: 3 July 1912

text: 3 July 1912

question: What happened at the aviation school in May 1913?

answer: the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started

text: the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started

question: What new military academy was formed in June 1914?

answer: the Naval Aviation School (Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi)

text: the Naval Aviation School (Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi)


text: Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, mines and domestic service industries. Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft. A system of Pauper Apprenticeship came into practice in the 19th century where the colonial master neither needed the native parents' nor child's approval to assign a child to labour, away from parents, at a distant farm owned by a different colonial master. Other schemes included 'earn-and-learn' programs where children would work and thereby learn. Britain for example passed a law, the so-called Masters and Servants Act of 1899, followed by Tax and Pass Law, to encourage child labour in colonies particularly in Africa. These laws offered the native people the legal ownership to some of the native land in exchange for making labour of wife and children available to colonial government's needs such as in farms and as picannins.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Systematic

text: use

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: was

text: common

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: of

text: European

text: powers

text: between

text: and

text: In

text: Africa

text: colonial

text: administrators

text: encouraged

text: traditional

text: kin

text: ordered

text: modes

text: of

text: production

text: that

text: is

text: hiring

text: a

text: household

text: for

text: work

text: not

text: just

text: the

text: adults

text: Millions

text: of

text: children

text: worked

text: in

text: colonial

text: agricultural

text: plantations

text: mines

text: and

text: domestic

text: service

text: industries

text: Sophisticated

text: schemes

text: were

text: promulgated

text: where

text: children

text: in

text: these

text: colonies

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: were

text: hired

text: as

text: an

text: apprentice

text: without

text: pay

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: learning

text: a

text: craft

text: A

text: system

text: of

text: Pauper

text: Apprenticeship

text: came

text: into

text: practice

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: where

text: the

text: colonial

text: master

text: neither

text: needed

text: the

text: native

text: parents

text: nor

text: child

text: 's

text: approval

text: to

text: assign

text: a

text: child

text: to

text: labour

text: away

text: from

text: parents

text: at

text: a

text: distant

text: farm

text: owned

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: colonial

text: master

text: Other

text: schemes

text: included

text: earn

text: and

text: learn

text: programs

text: where

text: children

text: would

text: work

text: and

text: thereby

text: learn

text: Britain

text: for

text: example

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Masters

text: and

text: Servants

text: Act

text: of

text: followed

text: by

text: Tax

text: and

text: Pass

text: Law

text: to

text: encourage

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: colonies

text: particularly

text: in

text: Africa

text: These

text: laws

text: offered

text: the

text: native

text: people

text: the

text: legal

text: ownership

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: land

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: making

text: labour

text: of

text: wife

text: and

text: children

text: available

text: to

text: colonial

text: government

text: 's

text: needs

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: farms

text: and

text: as

text: picannins

question: Were young apprentices hired for pay?

answer: without pay

text: without pay

question: Was child labour common in European colonies?

answer: child labour was common place in the colonies of European

text: child labour was common place in the colonies of European

question: What was the age range of colonial child workers?

answer: 5–14

question: What century did apprenticeships begin to take place?

answer: 19th

question: How many children were employed on colonial plantations?

answer: Millions

text: Millions


text: In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park. The buildings were intended to be temporary structures, but most remained in continuous use until they progressively fell into disrepair. Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style. The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the San Diego Zoo. During the 1950s there was a citywide festival called Fiesta del Pacifico highlighting the area's Spanish and Mexican past. In the 2010s there was a proposal for a large-scale celebration of the 100th anniversary of Balboa Park, but the plans were abandoned when the organization tasked with putting on the celebration went out of business.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: San

text: Diego

text: hosted

text: two

text: World

text: 's

text: Fairs

text: the

text: Panama

text: California

text: Exposition

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: California

text: Pacific

text: International

text: Exposition

text: in

text: Both

text: expositions

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Balboa

text: Park

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Baroque

text: style

text: buildings

text: that

text: were

text: built

text: for

text: those

text: expositions

text: remain

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: as

text: central

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: park

text: The

text: buildings

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: temporary

text: structures

text: but

text: most

text: remained

text: in

text: continuous

text: use

text: until

text: they

text: progressively

text: fell

text: into

text: disrepair

text: Most

text: were

text: eventually

text: rebuilt

text: using

text: castings

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: façades

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: architectural

text: style

text: The

text: menagerie

text: of

text: exotic

text: animals

text: featured

text: at

text: the

text: exposition

text: provided

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Zoo

text: During

text: the

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: citywide

text: festival

text: called

text: Fiesta

text: del

text: Pacifico

text: highlighting

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Mexican

text: past

text: In

text: the

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: proposal

text: for

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Balboa

text: Park

text: but

text: the

text: plans

text: were

text: abandoned

text: when

text: the

text: organization

text: tasked

text: with

text: putting

text: on

text: the

text: celebration

text: went

text: out

text: of

text: business

question: What park in San Diego hosted two World Fairs near the beginning of the 20th century?

answer: Balboa Park

text: Balboa Park

question: Where did many of the San Diego Zoo's exotic animals come from?

answer: Panama-California Exposition in 1915

text: Panama-California Exposition in 1915

question: What festival was celebrated in the 1950s in recognition of the city's Mexican and Spanish past?

answer: Fiesta del Pacifico

text: Fiesta del Pacifico

question: What happened to many of the structures developed for the World Fairs?

answer: Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style.

text: Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style.

question: Which World Fair was hosted in San Diego in 1935?

answer: California Pacific International Exposition

text: California Pacific International Exposition


text: Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates. As an example, in a public listening test featuring two different MP3 encoders at about 128 kbit/s, one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Besides

text: the

text: bit

text: rate

text: of

text: an

text: encoded

text: piece

text: of

text: audio

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: files

text: also

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: encoder

text: itself

text: and

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: signal

text: being

text: encoded

text: As

text: the

text: standard

text: allows

text: quite

text: a

text: bit

text: of

text: freedom

text: with

text: encoding

text: algorithms

text: different

text: encoders

text: may

text: feature

text: quite

text: different

text: quality

text: even

text: with

text: identical

text: bit

text: rates

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: listening

text: test

text: featuring

text: two

text: different

text: encoders

text: at

text: about

text: kbit

text: s

text: one

text: scored

text: on

text: a

text: scale

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: scored

text: only

question: Other than the bit rate and the difficulty of the signal, what can also affect the quality of an MP3 file?

answer: quality of the encoder

text: quality of the encoder

question: The MP3 standard allows encoders to have a lot of freedom with which aspect of encoding?

answer: encoding algorithms

text: encoding algorithms

question: As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same?

answer: bit rates

text: bit rates

question: An example shown has a low range quality score of what value?

answer: 2.22

question: To compare qualities, sound files are evaluated on a scale that ranges from 1 to what?

answer: 5


text: The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. The most notable of these were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877) and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Indian survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: first

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: post

text: established

text: in

text: Montana

text: was

text: Camp

text: Cooke

text: on

text: the

text: Missouri

text: River

text: in

text: to

text: protect

text: steamboat

text: traffic

text: going

text: to

text: Fort

text: Benton

text: Montana

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: dozen

text: additional

text: military

text: outposts

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Pressure

text: over

text: land

text: ownership

text: and

text: control

text: increased

text: due

text: to

text: discoveries

text: of

text: gold

text: in

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: Montana

text: and

text: surrounding

text: states

text: Major

text: battles

text: occurred

text: in

text: Montana

text: during

text: Red

text: Cloud

text: 's

text: War

text: the

text: Great

text: Sioux

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Nez

text: Perce

text: War

text: and

text: in

text: conflicts

text: with

text: Piegan

text: Blackfeet

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: Marias

text: Massacre

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Little

text: Bighorn

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Hole

text: and

text: Battle

text: of

text: Bear

text: Paw

text: The

text: last

text: recorded

text: conflict

text: in

text: Montana

text: between

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: and

text: Native

text: Americans

text: occurred

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Crow

text: Agency

text: in

text: the

text: Big

text: Horn

text: country

text: Indian

text: survivors

text: who

text: had

text: signed

text: treaties

text: were

text: generally

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: onto

text: reservations

question: What was the name of the first US Army post?

answer: Camp Cooke

text: Camp Cooke

question: Where was Camp Cooke situated?

answer: on the Missouri River

text: on the Missouri River

question: What year was the Great Sioux War?

answer: 1876

question: What year did the Battle of Bear Paw happen?

answer: 1877


text: Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: was

text: born

text: to

text: a

text: Croat

text: father

text: and

text: Slovene

text: mother

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Kumrovec

text: Croatia

text: Drafted

text: into

text: military

text: service

text: he

text: distinguished

text: himself

text: becoming

text: the

text: youngest

text: Sergeant

text: Major

text: in

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Army

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: After

text: being

text: seriously

text: wounded

text: and

text: captured

text: by

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Russians

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Josip

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: a

text: work

text: camp

text: in

text: the

text: Ural

text: Mountains

text: He

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: October

text: Revolution

text: and

text: later

text: joined

text: a

text: Red

text: Guard

text: unit

text: in

text: Omsk

text: Upon

text: his

text: return

text: home

text: Broz

text: found

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: where

text: he

text: joined

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: KPJ

question: What ethnicity was Tito's mother?

answer: Slovene

text: Slovene

question: What ethnicity was Tito's father?

answer: Croat

text: Croat

question: Who captured him during World War I?

answer: the Imperial Russians

text: the Imperial Russians

question: Tito joined which unit in Omsk?

answer: Red Guard

text: Red Guard

question: What party in Yugoslavia did he join?

answer: Communist Party

text: Communist Party


text: Cladistics is another method of classification. A clade is a taxonomic group of organisms consisting of a single common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. Every creature produced by sexual reproduction has two immediate lineages, one maternal and one paternal. Whereas Carl Linnaeus established a taxonomy of living organisms based on anatomical similarities and differences, cladistics seeks to establish a taxonomy—the phylogenetic tree—based on genetic similarities and differences and tracing the process of acquisition of multiple characteristics by single organisms. Some researchers have tried to clarify the idea of race by equating it to the biological idea of the clade. Often mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome sequences are used to study ancient human migration paths. These single-locus sources of DNA do not recombine and are inherited from a single parent. Individuals from the various continental groups tend to be more similar to one another than to people from other continents, and tracing either mitochondrial DNA or non-recombinant Y-chromosome DNA explains how people in one place may be largely derived from people in some remote location.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Cladistics

text: is

text: another

text: method

text: of

text: classification

text: A

text: clade

text: is

text: a

text: taxonomic

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: consisting

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: common

text: ancestor

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: that

text: ancestor

text: Every

text: creature

text: produced

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: has

text: two

text: immediate

text: lineages

text: one

text: maternal

text: and

text: one

text: paternal

text: Whereas

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: established

text: a

text: taxonomy

text: of

text: living

text: organisms

text: based

text: on

text: anatomical

text: similarities

text: and

text: differences

text: cladistics

text: seeks

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: taxonomy

text: the

text: phylogenetic

text: tree

text: based

text: on

text: genetic

text: similarities

text: and

text: differences

text: and

text: tracing

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: acquisition

text: of

text: multiple

text: characteristics

text: by

text: single

text: organisms

text: Some

text: researchers

text: have

text: tried

text: to

text: clarify

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: race

text: by

text: equating

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: biological

text: idea

text: of

text: the

text: clade

text: Often

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: or

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: sequences

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: ancient

text: human

text: migration

text: paths

text: These

text: single

text: locus

text: sources

text: of

text: DNA

text: do

text: not

text: recombine

text: and

text: are

text: inherited

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: parent

text: Individuals

text: from

text: the

text: various

text: continental

text: groups

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: similar

text: to

text: one

text: another

text: than

text: to

text: people

text: from

text: other

text: continents

text: and

text: tracing

text: either

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: or

text: non

text: recombinant

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: DNA

text: explains

text: how

text: people

text: in

text: one

text: place

text: may

text: be

text: largely

text: derived

text: from

text: people

text: in

text: some

text: remote

text: location

question: What is cladistics a method of?

answer: classification

text: classification

question: What is a clade a taxonomic group of?

answer: organisms

text: organisms

question: How many common ancestors does a clade have?

answer: single

text: single

question: What is another term for a phylogenetic tree?

answer: taxonomy

text: taxonomy

question: Which chromosome sequences are used to study ancient human migration paths?

answer: Y

text: Y


text: In early August 2008, Iowa Labour Commissioner David Neil announced that his department had found that Agriprocessors, a kosher meatpacking company in Postville which had recently been raided by Immigration and Customs Enforcement, had employed 57 minors, some as young as 14, in violation of state law prohibiting anyone under 18 from working in a meatpacking plant. Neil announced that he was turning the case over to the state Attorney General for prosecution, claiming that his department's inquiry had discovered "egregious violations of virtually every aspect of Iowa's child labour laws." Agriprocessors claimed that it was at a loss to understand the allegations. Agriprocessors' CEO went to trial on these charges in state court on 4 May 2010. After a five-week trial he was found not guilty of all 57 charges of child labour violations by the Black Hawk County District Court jury in Waterloo, Iowa, on 7 June 2010.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: early

text: August

text: Iowa

text: Labour

text: Commissioner

text: David

text: Neil

text: announced

text: that

text: his

text: department

text: had

text: found

text: that

text: Agriprocessors

text: a

text: kosher

text: meatpacking

text: company

text: in

text: Postville

text: which

text: had

text: recently

text: been

text: raided

text: by

text: Immigration

text: and

text: Customs

text: Enforcement

text: had

text: employed

text: minors

text: some

text: as

text: young

text: as

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: state

text: law

text: prohibiting

text: anyone

text: under

text: from

text: working

text: in

text: a

text: meatpacking

text: plant

text: Neil

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: turning

text: the

text: case

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: Attorney

text: General

text: for

text: prosecution

text: claiming

text: that

text: his

text: department

text: 's

text: inquiry

text: had

text: discovered

text: egregious

text: violations

text: of

text: virtually

text: every

text: aspect

text: of

text: Iowa

text: 's

text: child

text: labour

text: laws

text: Agriprocessors

text: claimed

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: at

text: a

text: loss

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: allegations

text: Agriprocessors

text: CEO

text: went

text: to

text: trial

text: on

text: these

text: charges

text: in

text: state

text: court

text: on

text: May

text: After

text: a

text: five

text: week

text: trial

text: he

text: was

text: found

text: not

text: guilty

text: of

text: all

text: charges

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: violations

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Hawk

text: County

text: District

text: Court

text: jury

text: in

text: Waterloo

text: Iowa

text: on

text: June

question: How many minors did Agriprocessors employ?

answer: 57

question: What did Agriprocessors say in regards to the allegations?

answer: claimed that it was at a loss to understand the allegations

text: claimed that it was at a loss to understand the allegations

question: When did the CEO go on trial?

answer: 4 May 2010

text: 4 May 2010

question: What was the verdict?

answer: not guilty of all 57 charges of child labour violations by the Black Hawk County District Court jury in Waterloo, Iowa, on 7 June 2010.

text: not guilty of all 57 charges of child labour violations by the Black Hawk County District Court jury in Waterloo, Iowa, on 7 June 2010.


text: At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: about

text: two

text: thousand

text: years

text: ago

text: various

text: tribes

text: which

text: spoke

text: Celtic

text: dialects

text: of

text: the

text: Insular

text: Celtic

text: group

text: were

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: islands

text: The

text: Romans

text: expanded

text: their

text: civilisation

text: to

text: control

text: southern

text: Great

text: Britain

text: but

text: were

text: impeded

text: in

text: advancing

text: any

text: further

text: building

text: Hadrian

text: 's

text: Wall

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: northern

text: frontier

text: of

text: their

text: empire

text: in

text: AD

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: Ireland

text: was

text: populated

text: by

text: a

text: people

text: known

text: as

text: Hiberni

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: or

text: so

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: by

text: a

text: people

text: known

text: as

text: Picts

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: two

text: thirds

text: by

text: Britons

question: The people that lived in the British Isles during the Roman Empire era spoke which language?

answer: Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group

text: Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group

question: What was the name of the wall that the Romans built to mark their northern territory in the British Isles in 122AD?

answer: Hadrian's Wall

text: Hadrian's Wall

question: During the Roman Empire occupation in the British Isles, what was the name of the people that lived in Ireland?

answer: Hiberni

text: Hiberni

question: The northern area of Great Britain was populated by what native people during the Roman Empire occupation?

answer: Picts

text: Picts

question: What was the name of the native people that lived in the southern parts of the British Isles during the Roman Empire occupation?

answer: Britons

text: Britons


text: In the 1990s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform would have been environmentally better. Shell subsequently published an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development, supported by executive speeches reinforcing this commitment.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: In

text: the

text: protesters

text: criticised

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: environmental

text: record

text: particularly

text: the

text: possible

text: pollution

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: proposed

text: disposal

text: of

text: the

text: Brent

text: Spar

text: platform

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: Despite

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: Shell

text: reversed

text: the

text: decision

text: under

text: public

text: pressure

text: but

text: maintained

text: that

text: sinking

text: the

text: platform

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: environmentally

text: better

text: Shell

text: subsequently

text: published

text: an

text: unequivocal

text: commitment

text: to

text: sustainable

text: development

text: supported

text: by

text: executive

text: speeches

text: reinforcing

text: this

text: commitment

question: For what particular reason did protesters criticize the company's environmental record in the 1990s?

answer: the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea

text: the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea

question: What entity supported Shell during the 1990s protests?

answer: the UK government

text: the UK government

question: Following the reversal of its decision, Shell published what?

answer: an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development

text: an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development


text: As the Soga clan had taken control of the throne in the sixth century, the Fujiwara by the ninth century had intermarried with the imperial family, and one of their members was the first head of the Emperor's Private Office. Another Fujiwara became regent, Sesshō for his grandson, then a minor emperor, and yet another was appointed Kampaku. Toward the end of the ninth century, several emperors tried, but failed, to check the Fujiwara. For a time, however, during the reign of Emperor Daigo (897-930), the Fujiwara regency was suspended as he ruled directly.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: As

text: the

text: Soga

text: clan

text: had

text: taken

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: the

text: sixth

text: century

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: by

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: had

text: intermarried

text: with

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: members

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: Private

text: Office

text: Another

text: Fujiwara

text: became

text: regent

text: Sesshō

text: for

text: his

text: grandson

text: then

text: a

text: minor

text: emperor

text: and

text: yet

text: another

text: was

text: appointed

text: Kampaku

text: Toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: several

text: emperors

text: tried

text: but

text: failed

text: to

text: check

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: For

text: a

text: time

text: however

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Daigo

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: regency

text: was

text: suspended

text: as

text: he

text: ruled

text: directly

question: In what century did the Soga family take the throne?

answer: sixth

text: sixth

question: A member of what clan became the head of the Emperor's Private Office?

answer: Fujiwara

text: Fujiwara

question: Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power?

answer: Daigo

text: Daigo

question: Emperor Daigo ruled during what years?

answer: 897-930


text: Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration. Namibia became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990. On its independence it became the fiftieth member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Namibia

text: follows

text: a

text: largely

text: independent

text: foreign

text: policy

text: with

text: persisting

text: affiliations

text: with

text: states

text: that

text: aided

text: the

text: independence

text: struggle

text: including

text: Cuba

text: With

text: a

text: small

text: army

text: and

text: a

text: fragile

text: economy

text: the

text: Namibian

text: Government

text: 's

text: principal

text: foreign

text: policy

text: concern

text: is

text: developing

text: strengthened

text: ties

text: within

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: region

text: A

text: dynamic

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: Namibia

text: is

text: a

text: vocal

text: advocate

text: for

text: greater

text: regional

text: integration

text: Namibia

text: became

text: the

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: on

text: April

text: On

text: its

text: independence

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: fiftieth

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

question: Who does Namibia have affiliation with in their foreign policy?

answer: states that aided the independence

text: states that aided the independence

question: What ties does Namibia want to strengthen?

answer: Southern African

text: Southern African

question: Which number member is Namibia in the UN?

answer: 160th

question: When did Namibia join the UN?

answer: 23 April 1990

text: 23 April 1990

question: Which number member is Namibia in the Commonwealth of Nations?

answer: fiftieth

text: fiftieth


text: These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste. Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: These

text: processes

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: in

text: biological

text: responses

text: to

text: pollution

text: for

text: example

text: sulfate

text: reducing

text: bacteria

text: are

text: largely

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: highly

text: toxic

text: forms

text: of

text: mercury

text: methyl-

text: and

text: dimethylmercury

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: Non

text: respiratory

text: anaerobes

text: use

text: fermentation

text: to

text: generate

text: energy

text: and

text: reducing

text: power

text: secreting

text: metabolic

text: by

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: ethanol

text: in

text: brewing

text: as

text: waste

text: Facultative

text: anaerobes

text: can

text: switch

text: between

text: fermentation

text: and

text: different

text: terminal

text: electron

text: acceptors

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: find

text: themselves

question: What is sulfate-reducing bacteria accountable for?

answer: the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury

text: the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury

question: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?

answer: ethanol

text: ethanol

question: How can anaerobes adjust to the surrounding environment?

answer: can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors

text: can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors