text: In contrast, the Salon Cubists built their reputation primarily by exhibiting regularly at the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants, both major non-academic Salons in Paris. They were inevitably more aware of public response and the need to communicate. Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger. They met regularly at Henri le Fauconnier's studio near the Boulevard de Montparnasse. These soirées often included writers such as Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon. Together with other young artists, the group wanted to emphasise a research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: In

text: contrast

text: the

text: Salon

text: Cubists

text: built

text: their

text: reputation

text: primarily

text: by

text: exhibiting

text: regularly

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: d'Automne

text: and

text: the

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: both

text: major

text: non

text: academic

text: Salons

text: in

text: Paris

text: They

text: were

text: inevitably

text: more

text: aware

text: of

text: public

text: response

text: and

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: communicate

text: Already

text: in

text: a

text: group

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: which

text: included

text: Metzinger

text: Gleizes

text: Delaunay

text: and

text: Léger

text: They

text: met

text: regularly

text: at

text: Henri

text: le

text: Fauconnier

text: 's

text: studio

text: near

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: de

text: Montparnasse

text: These

text: soirées

text: often

text: included

text: writers

text: such

text: as

text: Guillaume

text: Apollinaire

text: and

text: André

text: Salmon

text: Together

text: with

text: other

text: young

text: artists

text: the

text: group

text: wanted

text: to

text: emphasise

text: a

text: research

text: into

text: form

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: Neo

text: Impressionist

text: emphasis

text: on

text: color

question: Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?

answer: Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger

text: Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger

question: Where was Fauconnier's studio located?

answer: Boulevard de Montparnasse

text: Boulevard de Montparnasse

question: What did the group meeting at Fauconnier's studio want to focus on?

answer: research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.

text: research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.


text: The Albanian bitumen extraction has a long history and was practiced in an organized way by the Romans. After centuries of silence, the first mentions of Albanian bitumen appeared only in 1868, when the Frenchman Coquand published the first geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen. In 1875, the exploitation rights were granted to the Ottoman government and in 1912, they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa. Since 1945, the mine was exploited by the Albanian government and from 2001 to date, the management passed to a French company, which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: The

text: Albanian

text: bitumen

text: extraction

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: and

text: was

text: practiced

text: in

text: an

text: organized

text: way

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: After

text: centuries

text: of

text: silence

text: the

text: first

text: mentions

text: of

text: Albanian

text: bitumen

text: appeared

text: only

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Frenchman

text: Coquand

text: published

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: deposits

text: of

text: Albanian

text: bitumen

text: In

text: the

text: exploitation

text: rights

text: were

text: granted

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: government

text: and

text: in

text: they

text: were

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: Italian

text: company

text: Simsa

text: Since

text: the

text: mine

text: was

text: exploited

text: by

text: the

text: Albanian

text: government

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: date

text: the

text: management

text: passed

text: to

text: a

text: French

text: company

text: which

text: organized

text: the

text: mining

text: process

text: for

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: bitumen

text: on

text: an

text: industrial

text: scale

question: What ancient group used bitumen extraction?

answer: Romans

text: Romans

question: When were the first published reports of bitumen extraction in Albania?

answer: 1868

question: What government had exploitation rights for bitumen extraction?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman

question: When were the Ottoman rights given to the Simsa company?

answer: 1912

question: When was management of Albanian bitumen acquired by the French?

answer: 2001


text: Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelidae) or weevils. In some of these species, sculpturing or various colored scales or hairs cause the beetle to resemble bird dung or other inedible objects. Many of those that live in sandy environments blend in with the coloration of the substrate. Most phasmids are known for effectively replicating the forms of sticks and leaves, and the bodies of some species (such as O. macklotti and Palophus centaurus) are covered in mossy or lichenous outgrowths that supplement their disguise. Some species have the ability to change color as their surroundings shift (B. scabrinota, T. californica). In a further behavioral adaptation to supplement crypsis, a number of species have been noted to perform a rocking motion where the body is swayed from side to side that is thought to reflect the movement of leaves or twigs swaying in the breeze. Another method by which stick insects avoid predation and resemble twigs is by feigning death (catalepsy), where the insect enters a motionless state that can be maintained for a long period. The nocturnal feeding habits of adults also aids Phasmatodea in remaining concealed from predators.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Camouflage

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: defense

text: strategy

text: which

text: involves

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: coloration

text: or

text: shape

text: to

text: blend

text: into

text: the

text: surrounding

text: environment

text: This

text: sort

text: of

text: protective

text: coloration

text: is

text: common

text: and

text: widespread

text: among

text: beetle

text: families

text: especially

text: those

text: that

text: feed

text: on

text: wood

text: or

text: vegetation

text: such

text: as

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: leaf

text: beetles

text: family

text: Chrysomelidae

text: or

text: weevils

text: In

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: species

text: sculpturing

text: or

text: various

text: colored

text: scales

text: or

text: hairs

text: cause

text: the

text: beetle

text: to

text: resemble

text: bird

text: dung

text: or

text: other

text: inedible

text: objects

text: Many

text: of

text: those

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: sandy

text: environments

text: blend

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: coloration

text: of

text: the

text: substrate

text: Most

text: phasmids

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: effectively

text: replicating

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: sticks

text: and

text: leaves

text: and

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: some

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: O.

text: macklotti

text: and

text: Palophus

text: centaurus

text: are

text: covered

text: in

text: mossy

text: or

text: lichenous

text: outgrowths

text: that

text: supplement

text: their

text: disguise

text: Some

text: species

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: change

text: color

text: as

text: their

text: surroundings

text: shift

text: B.

text: scabrinota

text: T.

text: californica

text: In

text: a

text: further

text: behavioral

text: adaptation

text: to

text: supplement

text: crypsis

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: noted

text: to

text: perform

text: a

text: rocking

text: motion

text: where

text: the

text: body

text: is

text: swayed

text: from

text: side

text: to

text: side

text: that

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: reflect

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: leaves

text: or

text: twigs

text: swaying

text: in

text: the

text: breeze

text: Another

text: method

text: by

text: which

text: stick

text: insects

text: avoid

text: predation

text: and

text: resemble

text: twigs

text: is

text: by

text: feigning

text: death

text: catalepsy

text: where

text: the

text: insect

text: enters

text: a

text: motionless

text: state

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: maintained

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: The

text: nocturnal

text: feeding

text: habits

text: of

text: adults

text: also

text: aids

text: Phasmatodea

text: in

text: remaining

text: concealed

text: from

text: predators

question: What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive?

answer: Camouflage

text: Camouflage

question: What does coloration and shape help an insect do in the surrounding environment?

answer: blend

text: blend

question: Protective coloring is common in what insect family?

answer: beetle

text: beetle

question: What is Chrysomelidae?

answer: leaf beetles

text: leaf beetles

question: A beetle can resemble what kind of dung?

answer: bird dung

text: bird dung


text: Korean still uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian", though the Greek form Kurisudo 그리스도 has now replaced the old Sino-Korean Kidok, which refers to Christ himself.

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: Korean

text: still

text: uses

text: 기독교도

text: Kidok

text: kyo

text: do

text: for

text: Christian

text: though

text: the

text: Greek

text: form

text: Kurisudo

text: 그리스도

text: has

text: now

text: replaced

text: the

text: old

text: Sino

text: Korean

text: Kidok

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: Christ

text: himself

question: What is the Korean word for Christian?

answer: 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do

text: 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do

question: Which term referred to Jesus himself?

answer: Sino-Korean Kidok

text: Sino-Korean Kidok

question: What is the modern term for Sino-Korean Kidok?

answer: Kurisudo 그리스도

text: Kurisudo 그리스도


text: A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center. In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale by students and recent graduates, including editors of Yale's feminist magazine Broad Recognition, alleging that the university had a hostile sexual climate. In response, the university formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: A

text: decade

text: into

text: co

text: education

text: rampant

text: student

text: assault

text: and

text: harassment

text: by

text: faculty

text: became

text: the

text: impetus

text: for

text: the

text: trailblazing

text: lawsuit

text: Alexander

text: v.

text: Yale

text: While

text: unsuccessful

text: in

text: the

text: courts

text: the

text: legal

text: reasoning

text: behind

text: the

text: case

text: changed

text: the

text: landscape

text: of

text: sex

text: discrimination

text: law

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Yale

text: 's

text: Grievance

text: Board

text: and

text: the

text: Yale

text: Women

text: 's

text: Center

text: In

text: March

text: a

text: Title

text: IX

text: complaint

text: was

text: filed

text: against

text: Yale

text: by

text: students

text: and

text: recent

text: graduates

text: including

text: editors

text: of

text: Yale

text: 's

text: feminist

text: magazine

text: Broad

text: Recognition

text: alleging

text: that

text: the

text: university

text: had

text: a

text: hostile

text: sexual

text: climate

text: In

text: response

text: the

text: university

text: formed

text: a

text: Title

text: IX

text: steering

text: committee

text: to

text: address

text: complaints

text: of

text: sexual

text: misconduct

question: What led to Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center?

answer: Alexander v. Yale

text: Alexander v. Yale

question: When was a Title IX complaint filed against Yale?

answer: March 2011

text: March 2011

question: What was the name of the magazine of which multiple editors were involved in the Title IX complaint?

answer: Broad Recognition

text: Broad Recognition

question: What was the complaint of the editors of Broad Recognition?

answer: the university had a hostile sexual climate

text: the university had a hostile sexual climate

question: What did Yale do about the Title IX complaint?

answer: formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct

text: formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct


text: In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years after menarche, as regular ovulation follows menarche by about two years. Unlike males, therefore, females usually appear physically mature before they are capable of becoming pregnant.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: In

text: females

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: primary

text: sex

text: characteristics

text: involve

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: uterus

text: vagina

text: and

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: reproductive

text: system

text: Menarche

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: menstruation

text: is

text: a

text: relatively

text: late

text: development

text: which

text: follows

text: a

text: long

text: series

text: of

text: hormonal

text: changes

text: Generally

text: a

text: girl

text: is

text: not

text: fully

text: fertile

text: until

text: several

text: years

text: after

text: menarche

text: as

text: regular

text: ovulation

text: follows

text: menarche

text: by

text: about

text: two

text: years

text: Unlike

text: males

text: therefore

text: females

text: usually

text: appear

text: physically

text: mature

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: becoming

text: pregnant

question: What term is the beginning of menstruation given?

answer: Menarche

text: Menarche

question: How many years does regular ovulation follow menarche?

answer: two years

text: two years

question: What are two areas of the reproductive system that experience growth in females during puberty?

answer: uterus, vagina

text: uterus, vagina

question: Do males or females appear physically mature before they are capable of reproduction?

answer: females

text: females


text: By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: western

text: clothing

text: styles

text: had

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: become

text: international

text: styles

text: This

text: process

text: began

text: hundreds

text: of

text: years

text: earlier

text: during

text: the

text: periods

text: of

text: European

text: colonialism

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: cultural

text: dissemination

text: has

text: perpetuated

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: as

text: Western

text: media

text: corporations

text: have

text: penetrated

text: markets

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: spreading

text: Western

text: culture

text: and

text: styles

text: Fast

text: fashion

text: clothing

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: a

text: global

text: phenomenon

text: These

text: garments

text: are

text: less

text: expensive

text: mass

text: produced

text: Western

text: clothing

text: Donated

text: used

text: clothing

text: from

text: Western

text: countries

text: are

text: also

text: delivered

text: to

text: people

text: in

text: poor

text: countries

text: by

text: charity

text: organizations

question: What had somewhat became an international style by the early 21st century?

answer: western clothing styles

text: western clothing styles

question: Cultural dissemination has continued over the what?

answer: centuries

text: centuries

question: What have Western corporations penetrated?

answer: markets throughout the world

text: markets throughout the world

question: Who has been spreading Western culture and styles?

answer: Western media corporations

text: Western media corporations

question: Who donates discard Western clothing to people in poor places?

answer: charity organizations

text: charity organizations


text: The City Parliament (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: City

text: Parliament

text: de

text: Stadtrat

text: fr

text: Conseil

text: de

text: ville

text: holds

text: legislative

text: power

text: It

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: members

text: with

text: elections

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: The

text: City

text: Parliament

text: decrees

text: regulations

text: and

text: by

text: laws

text: that

text: are

text: executed

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: administration

text: The

text: delegates

text: are

text: selected

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: proportional

text: representation

question: Who holds the legislative power?

answer: The City Parliament

text: The City Parliament

question: How many members are part of the City Parliament?

answer: 80

question: How often are elections held for the City Parliament?

answer: every four years.

text: every four years.


text: In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court. In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: sued

text: Dr.

text: Willi

text: Heepe

text: a

text: German

text: doctor

text: who

text: publicly

text: predicted

text: his

text: early

text: death

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: a

text: link

text: between

text: his

text: steroid

text: use

text: and

text: his

text: later

text: heart

text: problems

text: As

text: the

text: doctor

text: had

text: never

text: examined

text: him

text: personally

text: Schwarzenegger

text: collected

text: a

text: US$

text: libel

text: judgment

text: against

text: him

text: in

text: a

text: German

text: court

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: also

text: sued

text: and

text: settled

text: with

text: The

text: Globe

text: a

text: U.S.

text: tabloid

text: which

text: had

text: made

text: similar

text: predictions

text: about

text: the

text: bodybuilder

text: 's

text: future

text: health

question: What German doctor was sued by Schwarzenegger?

answer: Dr. Willi Heepe

text: Dr. Willi Heepe

question: How much did the court award Schwarzenegger in the case against Heepe?

answer: $10,000

question: Which U.S. tabloid settled out of court with Schwarzenegger in 1999?

answer: The Globe

text: The Globe


text: The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: The

text: morning

text: after

text: the

text: election

text: the

text: major

text: candidates

text: were

text: neck

text: and

text: neck

text: It

text: was

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: result

text: in

text: Ohio

text: along

text: with

text: two

text: other

text: states

text: who

text: had

text: still

text: not

text: declared

text: New

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Iowa

text: would

text: decide

text: the

text: winner

text: Bush

text: had

text: established

text: a

text: lead

text: of

text: around

text: votes

text: but

text: the

text: Democrats

text: pointed

text: to

text: provisional

text: ballots

text: that

text: had

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: counted

text: initially

text: reported

text: to

text: number

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: Bush

text: had

text: preliminary

text: leads

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: in

text: only

text: four

text: states

text: but

text: if

text: Iowa

text: Nevada

text: and

text: New

text: Mexico

text: had

text: all

text: eventually

text: gone

text: to

text: Kerry

text: a

text: win

text: for

text: Bush

text: in

text: Ohio

text: would

text: have

text: created

text: a

text: tie

text: in

text: the

text: Electoral

text: College

text: The

text: result

text: of

text: an

text: electoral

text: tie

text: would

text: cause

text: the

text: election

text: to

text: be

text: decided

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: with

text: each

text: state

text: casting

text: one

text: vote

text: regardless

text: of

text: population

text: Such

text: a

text: scenario

text: would

text: almost

text: certainly

text: have

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: victory

text: for

text: Bush

text: as

text: Republicans

text: controlled

text: more

text: House

text: delegations

text: Therefore

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: election

text: hinged

text: solely

text: on

text: the

text: result

text: in

text: Ohio

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: totals

text: elsewhere

text: In

text: the

text: afternoon

text: Ohio

text: 's

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Ken

text: Blackwell

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: statistically

text: impossible

text: for

text: the

text: Democrats

text: to

text: make

text: up

text: enough

text: valid

text: votes

text: in

text: the

text: provisional

text: ballots

text: to

text: win

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: provisional

text: ballots

text: were

text: reported

text: as

text: numbering

text: and

text: later

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: only

text: Faced

text: with

text: this

text: announcement

text: John

text: Kerry

text: conceded

text: defeat

text: Had

text: Kerry

text: won

text: Ohio

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: election

text: despite

text: losing

text: the

text: national

text: popular

text: vote

text: by

text: over

text: million

text: votes

text: a

text: complete

text: reversal

text: of

text: the

text: election

text: when

text: Bush

text: won

text: the

text: presidency

text: despite

text: losing

text: the

text: popular

text: vote

text: to

text: Al

text: Gore

text: by

text: over

text: votes

question: Why was there tension the day after the election?

answer: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner

text: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner

question: Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?

answer: provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000

text: provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000

question: How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?

answer: The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population

text: The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population

question: Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?

answer: the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio

text: the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio

question: Who did Bush lose the popular vote to in the 2000 election for presidency?

answer: Al Gore

text: Al Gore


text: On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: 爱的奉献; traditional Chinese: 愛的奉獻), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong. It was attended by a wide range of entertainment, literary, business and political figures from mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan (~US$208 million). Of the donations, CCTV gave the biggest corporate contribution at ¥50 million. Almost at the same time in Taiwan, a similarly themed programme was on air hosted by the sitting president Ma Ying-jeou. In June, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan, who donated $1.57 million to the victims, made a music video alongside other artists entitled "Promise"; the song was composed by Andy Lau. The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities. In Singapore, MediaCorp Channel 8 hosted a 'live' programme 让爱川流不息 to raise funds for the victims.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: On

text: the

text: evening

text: of

text: May

text: hosted

text: a

text: special

text: four

text: hour

text: program

text: called

text: The

text: Giving

text: of

text: Love

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 爱的奉献

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 愛的奉獻

text: hosted

text: by

text: regulars

text: from

text: the

text: CCTV

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Gala

text: and

text: round

text: the

text: clock

text: coverage

text: anchor

text: Bai

text: Yansong

text: It

text: was

text: attended

text: by

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: entertainment

text: literary

text: business

text: and

text: political

text: figures

text: from

text: mainland

text: China

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: Donations

text: of

text: the

text: evening

text: totalled

text: billion

text: Chinese

text: Yuan

text: million

text: Of

text: the

text: donations

text: CCTV

text: gave

text: the

text: biggest

text: corporate

text: contribution

text: at

text: million

text: Almost

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: a

text: similarly

text: themed

text: programme

text: was

text: on

text: air

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: sitting

text: president

text: Ma

text: Ying

text: jeou

text: In

text: June

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: actor

text: Jackie

text: Chan

text: who

text: donated

text: million

text: to

text: the

text: victims

text: made

text: a

text: music

text: video

text: alongside

text: other

text: artists

text: entitled

text: Promise

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: composed

text: by

text: Andy

text: Lau

text: The

text: Artistes

text: Fund

text: Raising

text: Campaign

text: an

text: fundraising

text: marathon

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: it

text: was

text: attended

text: by

text: some

text: Sinosphere

text: musicians

text: and

text: celebrities

text: In

text: Singapore

text: MediaCorp

text: Channel

text: hosted

text: a

text: live

text: programme

text: 让爱川流不息

text: to

text: raise

text: funds

text: for

text: the

text: victims

question: What did CCTV-1 host on the evening of May 18th?

answer: four-hour program called The Giving of Love

text: four-hour program called The Giving of Love

question: Who was the show hosted by?

answer: Bai Yansong

text: Bai Yansong

question: How large were the donations from the program?

answer: Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan

text: Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan

question: How much did Jackie Chan donate to support?

answer: $1.57 million

text: $1.57 million

question: What was the name of the music video that Jackie Chan made for the event?

answer: Promise

text: Promise

question: What was the program that CCTV-1 hosted?

answer: The Giving of Love

text: The Giving of Love

question: What did the donations total for the program?

answer: US$208 million

text: US$208 million

question: What company gave the most?

answer: CCTV

text: CCTV

question: How much did actor Jackie Chan donate?

answer: 1.57 million

text: 1.57 million

question: What was the name of Chan's music video?

answer: Promise

text: Promise


text: Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style. The church was originally part of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, but is presently in the parish of the Ecclesiastic Curia. Its location is at the corner of Solano García and José Ellauri. It has a nave and aisles. The roof has many vaults. During the construction of the Punta Carretas Shopping complex, major cracks developed in the structure of the church as a result of differential foundation settlement.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Nuestra

text: Señora

text: del

text: Sagrado

text: Corazón

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: Sacred

text: Heart

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Iglesia

text: Punta

text: Carretas

text: Punta

text: Carretas

text: Church

text: was

text: built

text: between

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Romanesque

text: Revival

text: style

text: The

text: church

text: was

text: originally

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Friars

text: Minor

text: Capuchin

text: but

text: is

text: presently

text: in

text: the

text: parish

text: of

text: the

text: Ecclesiastic

text: Curia

text: Its

text: location

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: Solano

text: García

text: and

text: José

text: Ellauri

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: nave

text: and

text: aisles

text: The

text: roof

text: has

text: many

text: vaults

text: During

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Punta

text: Carretas

text: Shopping

text: complex

text: major

text: cracks

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: differential

text: foundation

text: settlement

question: What does Nuestra Senora del Sagrado Corazon mean?

answer: Our Lady of the Sacred Heart

text: Our Lady of the Sacred Heart

question: What does Iglesia Punta Carretas mean?

answer: Punta Carretas Church

text: Punta Carretas Church

question: Between what years was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built?

answer: between 1917 and 1927

text: between 1917 and 1927

question: What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in?

answer: Romanesque Revival style

text: Romanesque Revival style


text: In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: where

text: a

text: one

text: hour

text: shift

text: occurs

text: at

text: local

text: time

text: in

text: spring

text: the

text: clock

text: jumps

text: forward

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: moment

text: of

text: standard

text: time

text: to

text: DST

text: and

text: that

text: day

text: has

text: hours

text: whereas

text: in

text: autumn

text: the

text: clock

text: jumps

text: backward

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: moment

text: of

text: DST

text: to

text: standard

text: time

text: repeating

text: that

text: hour

text: and

text: that

text: day

text: has

text: hours

text: A

text: digital

text: display

text: of

text: local

text: time

text: does

text: not

text: read

text: exactly

text: at

text: the

text: shift

text: to

text: summer

text: time

text: but

text: instead

text: jumps

text: from

text: forward

text: to

question: At what local time does the United States change the time?

answer: 02:00

question: Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring?

answer: 23

question: In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?

answer: 25

question: At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?

answer: 03:00:00.0

question: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?

answer: spring

text: spring


text: Despite his success as a producer, West's true aspiration was to be a rapper. Though he had developed his rapping long before he began producing, it was often a challenge for West to be accepted as a rapper, and he struggled to attain a record deal. Multiple record companies ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time. After a series of meetings with Capitol Records, West was ultimately denied an artist deal.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Despite

text: his

text: success

text: as

text: a

text: producer

text: West

text: 's

text: true

text: aspiration

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: rapper

text: Though

text: he

text: had

text: developed

text: his

text: rapping

text: long

text: before

text: he

text: began

text: producing

text: it

text: was

text: often

text: a

text: challenge

text: for

text: West

text: to

text: be

text: accepted

text: as

text: a

text: rapper

text: and

text: he

text: struggled

text: to

text: attain

text: a

text: record

text: deal

text: Multiple

text: record

text: companies

text: ignored

text: him

text: because

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: portray

text: the

text: gangsta

text: image

text: prominent

text: in

text: mainstream

text: hip

text: hop

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: After

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: meetings

text: with

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: West

text: was

text: ultimately

text: denied

text: an

text: artist

text: deal

question: Although Kanye was achieving fame by producing, what did he actually want to be?

answer: rapper

text: rapper

question: What label declined to work with Kanye after many meetings?

answer: Capitol Records

text: Capitol Records

question: What career was Kanye's ultimate dream?

answer: rapper

text: rapper

question: What did Kanye West not have that made record companies turn him down?

answer: gangsta image

text: gangsta image

question: Which record company turned Kanye down after many meetings?

answer: Capitol Records

text: Capitol Records


text: A pater familias was the senior priest of his household. He offered daily cult to his lares and penates, and to his di parentes/divi parentes at his domestic shrines and in the fires of the household hearth. His wife (mater familias) was responsible for the household's cult to Vesta. In rural estates, bailiffs seem to have been responsible for at least some of the household shrines (lararia) and their deities. Household cults had state counterparts. In Vergil's Aeneid, Aeneas brought the Trojan cult of the lares and penates from Troy, along with the Palladium which was later installed in the temple of Vesta.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: A

text: pater

text: familias

text: was

text: the

text: senior

text: priest

text: of

text: his

text: household

text: He

text: offered

text: daily

text: cult

text: to

text: his

text: lares

text: and

text: penates

text: and

text: to

text: his

text: di

text: parentes

text: divi

text: parentes

text: at

text: his

text: domestic

text: shrines

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: fires

text: of

text: the

text: household

text: hearth

text: His

text: wife

text: mater

text: familias

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: household

text: 's

text: cult

text: to

text: Vesta

text: In

text: rural

text: estates

text: bailiffs

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: household

text: shrines

text: lararia

text: and

text: their

text: deities

text: Household

text: cults

text: had

text: state

text: counterparts

text: In

text: Vergil

text: 's

text: Aeneid

text: Aeneas

text: brought

text: the

text: Trojan

text: cult

text: of

text: the

text: lares

text: and

text: penates

text: from

text: Troy

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Palladium

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: installed

text: in

text: the

text: temple

text: of

text: Vesta

question: Which individual in the household was responsible for the Vesta cult?

answer: wife

text: wife

question: Who was the senior priest of the household in Rome?

answer: pater familias

text: pater familias

question: Which ancient hero brought the lares cult to Rome?

answer: Aeneas

text: Aeneas

question: From what city did Aeneas bring the lares cult?

answer: Troy

text: Troy

question: What was put in the temple of Vesta?

answer: Palladium

text: Palladium


text: In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: In

text: the

text: feud

text: between

text: Austria

text: and

text: Prussia

text: finally

text: came

text: to

text: a

text: head

text: There

text: were

text: several

text: reasons

text: behind

text: this

text: war

text: As

text: German

text: nationalism

text: grew

text: strongly

text: inside

text: the

text: German

text: Confederation

text: and

text: neither

text: could

text: decide

text: on

text: how

text: Germany

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: unified

text: into

text: a

text: nation

text: state

text: The

text: Austrians

text: favoured

text: the

text: Greater

text: Germany

text: unification

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: willing

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: German

text: speaking

text: land

text: inside

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: and

text: take

text: second

text: place

text: to

text: Prussia

text: The

text: Prussians

text: however

text: wanted

text: to

text: unify

text: Germany

text: as

text: Little

text: Germany

text: primarily

text: by

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: whilst

text: excluding

text: Austria

text: In

text: the

text: final

text: battle

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: war

text: Battle

text: of

text: Königgrätz

text: the

text: Prussians

text: successfully

text: defeated

text: the

text: Austrians

text: and

text: succeeded

text: in

text: creating

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

question: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?

answer: 1866

question: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?

answer: (Battle of Königgrätz

text: (Battle of Königgrätz

question: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?

answer: Little Germany

text: Little Germany

question: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?

answer: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire

text: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire

question: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?

answer: 1866

question: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?

answer: Prussia

text: Prussia

question: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?

answer: Little Germany

text: Little Germany

question: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??

answer: North German Confederation

text: North German Confederation


text: Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the Company's shareholders, the Act passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed British India to be formally under the control of the Crown, but leased back to the Company at £40,000 for two years. Under the Act's most important provision, a governing Council composed of five members was created in Calcutta. The three members nominated by Parliament and representing the Government's interest could, and invariably would, outvote the two Company members. The Council was headed by Warren Hastings, the incumbent Governor, who became the first Governor-General of Bengal, with an ill-defined authority over the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. His nomination, made by the Court of Directors, would in future be subject to the approval of a Council of Four appointed by the Crown. Initially, the Council consisted of Lt. General Sir John Clavering, The Honourable Sir George Monson, Sir Richard Barwell, and Sir Philip Francis.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: Despite

text: stiff

text: resistance

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: lobby

text: in

text: parliament

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Company

text: 's

text: shareholders

text: the

text: Act

text: passed

text: It

text: introduced

text: substantial

text: governmental

text: control

text: and

text: allowed

text: British

text: India

text: to

text: be

text: formally

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: but

text: leased

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Company

text: at

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: Under

text: the

text: Act

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: provision

text: a

text: governing

text: Council

text: composed

text: of

text: five

text: members

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: Calcutta

text: The

text: three

text: members

text: nominated

text: by

text: Parliament

text: and

text: representing

text: the

text: Government

text: 's

text: interest

text: could

text: and

text: invariably

text: would

text: outvote

text: the

text: two

text: Company

text: members

text: The

text: Council

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: Warren

text: Hastings

text: the

text: incumbent

text: Governor

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: Bengal

text: with

text: an

text: ill

text: defined

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: Bombay

text: and

text: Madras

text: Presidencies

text: His

text: nomination

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Directors

text: would

text: in

text: future

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: a

text: Council

text: of

text: Four

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Crown

text: Initially

text: the

text: Council

text: consisted

text: of

text: Lt

text: General

text: Sir

text: John

text: Clavering

text: The

text: Honourable

text: Sir

text: George

text: Monson

text: Sir

text: Richard

text: Barwell

text: and

text: Sir

text: Philip

text: Francis

question: EIC was leased back the land they held in British India by what part of the British goverment?

answer: Parliament

text: Parliament

question: How much did the parliament lease British india for to EIC (the lease was for two years)?

answer: £40,000

question: The British Government  created a how many man council in Calcutta?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many council member weres allow to be from the EIC?

answer: two

text: two

question: By having 3 members on the council in Calcutta from the British Government they were always able to ____ the two EIC members?

answer: outvote

text: outvote


text: The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services. Two other important districts, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret, are extensions of the Paris business district and of La Defense. Another district, including Boulogne-Billancourt, Issy-les-Moulineaux and the southern part of the 15th arrondissement, is a center of activity for the media and information technology.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: second

text: largest

text: business

text: district

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: employment

text: is

text: La

text: Défense

text: just

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: where

text: many

text: companies

text: installed

text: their

text: offices

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: workplace

text: of

text: employees

text: of

text: whom

text: percent

text: worked

text: in

text: finance

text: and

text: insurance

text: percent

text: in

text: business

text: support

text: services

text: Two

text: other

text: important

text: districts

text: Neuilly

text: sur

text: Seine

text: and

text: Levallois

text: Perret

text: are

text: extensions

text: of

text: the

text: Paris

text: business

text: district

text: and

text: of

text: La

text: Defense

text: Another

text: district

text: including

text: Boulogne

text: Billancourt

text: Issy

text: les

text: Moulineaux

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: is

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: activity

text: for

text: the

text: media

text: and

text: information

text: technology

question: Who is the second largest business district employer?

answer: La Défense

text: La Défense

question: How many people worked for La Defense in 2010?

answer: 144,600

question: What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in?

answer: finance and insurance

text: finance and insurance

question: What percentage of people worked in business support?

answer: 16

question: What two districts are extensions of the Paris business district?

answer: Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret

text: Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret


text: Alpine symbolism has played an essential role in shaping the history of the country and the Swiss national identity. Nowadays some concentrated mountain areas have a strong highly energetic ski resort culture in winter, and a hiking (ger: das Wandern) or Mountain biking culture in summer. Other areas throughout the year have a recreational culture that caters to tourism, yet the quieter seasons are spring and autumn when there are fewer visitors. A traditional farmer and herder culture also predominates in many areas and small farms are omnipresent outside the cities. Folk art is kept alive in organisations all over the country. In Switzerland it is mostly expressed in music, dance, poetry, wood carving and embroidery. The alphorn, a trumpet-like musical instrument made of wood, has become alongside yodeling and the accordion an epitome of traditional Swiss music.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Alpine

text: symbolism

text: has

text: played

text: an

text: essential

text: role

text: in

text: shaping

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: Swiss

text: national

text: identity

text: Nowadays

text: some

text: concentrated

text: mountain

text: areas

text: have

text: a

text: strong

text: highly

text: energetic

text: ski

text: resort

text: culture

text: in

text: winter

text: and

text: a

text: hiking

text: ger

text: das

text: Wandern

text: or

text: Mountain

text: biking

text: culture

text: in

text: summer

text: Other

text: areas

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: have

text: a

text: recreational

text: culture

text: that

text: caters

text: to

text: tourism

text: yet

text: the

text: quieter

text: seasons

text: are

text: spring

text: and

text: autumn

text: when

text: there

text: are

text: fewer

text: visitors

text: A

text: traditional

text: farmer

text: and

text: herder

text: culture

text: also

text: predominates

text: in

text: many

text: areas

text: and

text: small

text: farms

text: are

text: omnipresent

text: outside

text: the

text: cities

text: Folk

text: art

text: is

text: kept

text: alive

text: in

text: organisations

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: Switzerland

text: it

text: is

text: mostly

text: expressed

text: in

text: music

text: dance

text: poetry

text: wood

text: carving

text: and

text: embroidery

text: The

text: alphorn

text: a

text: trumpet

text: like

text: musical

text: instrument

text: made

text: of

text: wood

text: has

text: become

text: alongside

text: yodeling

text: and

text: the

text: accordion

text: an

text: epitome

text: of

text: traditional

text: Swiss

text: music

question: What symbolism has played an important role in shaping the history of Switzerland?

answer: Alpine

text: Alpine

question: What highly energetic culture is in some concentrated mountain areas in the winter?

answer: ski resort culture

text: ski resort culture

question: What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music?

answer: alphorn

text: alphorn

question: What traditional culture predominates in many areas of small farms?

answer: farmer and herder culture

text: farmer and herder culture


text: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: Westminster

text: School

text: and

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: Choir

text: School

text: are

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: precincts

text: of

text: the

text: abbey

text: It

text: was

text: natural

text: for

text: the

text: learned

text: and

text: literate

text: monks

text: to

text: be

text: entrusted

text: with

text: education

text: and

text: Benedictine

text: monks

text: were

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: charity

text: school

text: in

text: The

text: Choir

text: School

text: educates

text: and

text: trains

text: the

text: choirboys

text: who

text: sing

text: for

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: Abbey

question: What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey?

answer: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School

text: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School

question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?

answer: the Pope

text: the Pope

question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school?

answer: 1179

question: The choirboys of the abbey are trained where?

answer: Westminster Abbey Choir School

text: Westminster Abbey Choir School


text: The first appearance of the term 'affirmative action' was in the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, of 1935.:15 Proposed and championed by U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York, the Wagner Act was in line with President Roosevelt's goal of providing economic security to workers and other low-income groups. During this time period it was not uncommon for employers to blacklist or fire employees associated with unions. The Wagner Act allowed workers to unionize without fear of being discriminated against, and empowered a National Labor Relations Board to review potential cases of worker discrimination. In the event of discrimination, employees were to be restored to an appropriate status in the company through 'affirmative action'. While the Wagner Act protected workers and unions it did not protect minorities, who, exempting the Congress of Industrial Organizations, were often barred from union ranks.:11 This original coining of the term therefore has little to do with affirmative action policy as it is seen today, but helped set the stage for all policy meant to compensate or address an individual's unjust treatment.[citation needed]

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: first

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: affirmative

text: action

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Labor

text: Relations

text: Act

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Wagner

text: Act

text: of

text: Proposed

text: and

text: championed

text: by

text: U.S.

text: Senator

text: Robert

text: F.

text: Wagner

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: Wagner

text: Act

text: was

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: President

text: Roosevelt

text: 's

text: goal

text: of

text: providing

text: economic

text: security

text: to

text: workers

text: and

text: other

text: low

text: income

text: groups

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: period

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: uncommon

text: for

text: employers

text: to

text: blacklist

text: or

text: fire

text: employees

text: associated

text: with

text: unions

text: The

text: Wagner

text: Act

text: allowed

text: workers

text: to

text: unionize

text: without

text: fear

text: of

text: being

text: discriminated

text: against

text: and

text: empowered

text: a

text: National

text: Labor

text: Relations

text: Board

text: to

text: review

text: potential

text: cases

text: of

text: worker

text: discrimination

text: In

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: discrimination

text: employees

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: restored

text: to

text: an

text: appropriate

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: through

text: affirmative

text: action

text: While

text: the

text: Wagner

text: Act

text: protected

text: workers

text: and

text: unions

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: protect

text: minorities

text: who

text: exempting

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Industrial

text: Organizations

text: were

text: often

text: barred

text: from

text: union

text: This

text: original

text: coining

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: therefore

text: has

text: little

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policy

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: seen

text: today

text: but

text: helped

text: set

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: all

text: policy

text: meant

text: to

text: compensate

text: or

text: address

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: unjust

text: treatment.[citation

text: needed

question: In which document did the term "affirmative action" first appear?

answer: National Labor Relations Act

text: National Labor Relations Act

question: Who was the author of the National Labor Relations Act?

answer: Senator Robert F. Wagner

text: Senator Robert F. Wagner

question: Who did employers routinely blacklist of fire?

answer: employees associated with unions

text: employees associated with unions

question: Who was able to review complaints about possible worker discrimination?

answer: National Labor Relations Board

text: National Labor Relations Board

question: Which group of people did the Wagner Act fail to protect?

answer: minorities

text: minorities


text: The Brazilian federal constitution does not have a supremacy clause with the same effects as the one on the U.S. constitution, a fact that is of interest to the discussion on the relation between treaties and state legislation.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: Brazilian

text: federal

text: constitution

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: supremacy

text: clause

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: effects

text: as

text: the

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: constitution

text: a

text: fact

text: that

text: is

text: of

text: interest

text: to

text: the

text: discussion

text: on

text: the

text: relation

text: between

text: treaties

text: and

text: state

text: legislation

question: What kind of clause does the United States constitution have that the Brazilian constitution does not have with the same effects?

answer: supremacy clause

text: supremacy clause

question: A supremacy clause in a federal constitution is relevant to the discussion on the relation between treaties and what other type of legislation?

answer: state legislation

text: state legislation

question: What clause of the United States Constitution is relevant to the discussion of the relation between treaties and U.S. legislation?

answer: supremacy clause

text: supremacy clause

question: The Brazilian constitution does not have a supremacy clause that would be of interest to the relation between state legislation and what other legal agreements?

answer: treaties

text: treaties


text: The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: last

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: firing

text: squad

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: moratorium

text: on

text: judicial

text: executions

text: between

text: and

text: was

text: when

text: Utah

text: shot

text: James

text: W.

text: Rodgers

text: on

text: March

text: The

text: last

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: gallows

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: moratorium

text: was

text: when

text: Kansas

text: hanged

text: George

text: York

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: last

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: chair

text: between

text: the

text: first

text: electrocution

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: the

text: moratorium

text: was

text: when

text: Oklahoma

text: electrocuted

text: James

text: French

text: on

text: August

text: The

text: last

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: gas

text: chamber

text: between

text: the

text: first

text: gassing

text: on

text: February

text: and

text: the

text: moratorium

text: was

text: when

text: Colorado

text: gassed

text: Luis

text: Monge

text: on

text: June

question: Who was executed on March 30, 1960?

answer: James W. Rodgers

text: James W. Rodgers

question: What method of execution was used on James W. Rodgers?

answer: firing squad

text: firing squad

question: In what state was Rodgers executed?

answer: Utah

text: Utah

question: On what date was George York executed?

answer: June 22, 1965

text: June 22, 1965

question: Which state executed James French?

answer: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma


text: Spielberg's next film, Schindler's List, was based on the true story of Oskar Schindler, a man who risked his life to save 1,100 Jews from the Holocaust. Schindler's List earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director (it also won Best Picture). With the film a huge success at the box office, Spielberg used the profits to set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors. In 1997, the American Film Institute listed it among the 10 Greatest American Films ever Made (#9) which moved up to (#8) when the list was remade in 2007.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: next

text: film

text: Schindler

text: 's

text: List

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: true

text: story

text: of

text: Oskar

text: Schindler

text: a

text: man

text: who

text: risked

text: his

text: life

text: to

text: save

text: Jews

text: from

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: Schindler

text: 's

text: List

text: earned

text: Spielberg

text: his

text: first

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Director

text: it

text: also

text: won

text: Best

text: Picture

text: With

text: the

text: film

text: a

text: huge

text: success

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: Spielberg

text: used

text: the

text: profits

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: the

text: Shoah

text: Foundation

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: organization

text: that

text: archives

text: filmed

text: testimony

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: Film

text: Institute

text: listed

text: it

text: among

text: the

text: Greatest

text: American

text: Films

text: ever

text: Made

text: which

text: moved

text: up

text: to

text: when

text: the

text: list

text: was

text: remade

text: in

question: Whose life was 'Schindler's List' based on?

answer: Oskar Schindler

text: Oskar Schindler

question: How many Jews did Schindler save?

answer: 1,100

question: What did Spielberg first win Best Director for?

answer: Schindler's List

text: Schindler's List

question: What did Spielberg do with 'Schindler's List' profits?

answer: set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors

text: set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors

question: Where did the American Film Institute rank 'Schindler's List' in 1997?

answer: #9


text: The law of criminal procedure in the United States consists of a massive overlay of federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes that actually provide the foundation for the creation and operation of law enforcement agencies and prison systems as well as the proceedings in criminal trials. Due to the perennial inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and convicts, the federal judiciary gradually developed the exclusionary rule as a method to enforce such rights. In turn, the exclusionary rule spawned a family of judge-made remedies for the abuse of law enforcement powers, of which the most famous is the Miranda warning. The writ of habeas corpus is often used by suspects and convicts to challenge their detention, while the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions are used by suspects to recover tort damages for police brutality.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: law

text: of

text: criminal

text: procedure

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: massive

text: overlay

text: of

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: case

text: law

text: interwoven

text: with

text: the

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: statutes

text: that

text: actually

text: provide

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: the

text: creation

text: and

text: operation

text: of

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agencies

text: and

text: prison

text: systems

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: proceedings

text: in

text: criminal

text: trials

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: perennial

text: inability

text: of

text: legislatures

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: enact

text: statutes

text: that

text: would

text: actually

text: force

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: to

text: respect

text: the

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: of

text: criminal

text: suspects

text: and

text: convicts

text: the

text: federal

text: judiciary

text: gradually

text: developed

text: the

text: exclusionary

text: rule

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: to

text: enforce

text: such

text: rights

text: In

text: turn

text: the

text: exclusionary

text: rule

text: spawned

text: a

text: family

text: of

text: judge

text: made

text: remedies

text: for

text: the

text: abuse

text: of

text: law

text: enforcement

text: powers

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: is

text: the

text: Miranda

text: warning

text: The

text: writ

text: of

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: by

text: suspects

text: and

text: convicts

text: to

text: challenge

text: their

text: detention

text: while

text: the

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: Bivens

text: actions

text: are

text: used

text: by

text: suspects

text: to

text: recover

text: tort

text: damages

text: for

text: police

text: brutality

question: What makes up the law of criminal procedure?

answer: federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes

text: federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes

question: What did the exclusionary rule provide for?

answer: inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights

text: inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights

question: What might a suspect use to challenge their detention?

answer: writ of habeas corpus

text: writ of habeas corpus

question: What must a police officer recite to a suspect upon arrest/

answer: Miranda warning

text: Miranda warning

question: What acts cover tort damages from police brutality cases?

answer: Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions

text: Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions


text: Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: music

text: AC

text: is

text: a

text: style

text: of

text: music

text: ranging

text: from

text: vocal

text: and

text: soft

text: rock

text: music

text: to

text: predominantly

text: ballad

text: heavy

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: with

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: easy

text: listening

text: pop

text: soul

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: quiet

text: storm

text: and

text: rock

text: influence

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: is

text: rather

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: easy

text: listening

text: and

text: soft

text: rock

text: style

text: that

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: some

text: adjustments

text: that

text: reflect

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: pop

text: rock

text: music

question: Along with pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock, what musical style influenced adult contemporary?

answer: easy listening

text: easy listening

question: What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s?

answer: soft rock

text: soft rock

question: What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s?

answer: vocal

text: vocal

question: What does the acronym AC stand for?

answer: Adult contemporary

text: Adult contemporary

question: Along with easy listening, adult contemporary is a modern day continuation of what style of music?

answer: soft rock

text: soft rock


text: The Jewish Legion, a group primarily of Zionist volunteers, assisted, in 1918, in the British conquest of Palestine. Arab opposition to British rule and Jewish immigration led to the 1920 Palestine riots and the formation of a Jewish militia known as the Haganah (meaning "The Defense" in Hebrew), from which the Irgun and Lehi, or Stern Gang, paramilitary groups later split off. In 1922, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine under terms which included the Balfour Declaration with its promise to the Jews, and with similar provisions regarding the Arab Palestinians. The population of the area at this time was predominantly Arab and Muslim, with Jews accounting for about 11%, and Arab Christians at about 9.5% of the population.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Jewish

text: Legion

text: a

text: group

text: primarily

text: of

text: Zionist

text: volunteers

text: assisted

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: conquest

text: of

text: Palestine

text: Arab

text: opposition

text: to

text: British

text: rule

text: and

text: Jewish

text: immigration

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Palestine

text: riots

text: and

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: Jewish

text: militia

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Haganah

text: meaning

text: The

text: Defense

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: Irgun

text: and

text: Lehi

text: or

text: Stern

text: Gang

text: paramilitary

text: groups

text: later

text: split

text: off

text: In

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: granted

text: Britain

text: a

text: mandate

text: over

text: Palestine

text: under

text: terms

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: Balfour

text: Declaration

text: with

text: its

text: promise

text: to

text: the

text: Jews

text: and

text: with

text: similar

text: provisions

text: regarding

text: the

text: Arab

text: Palestinians

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: was

text: predominantly

text: Arab

text: and

text: Muslim

text: with

text: Jews

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: and

text: Arab

text: Christians

text: at

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

question: What is the Jewish Legion?

answer: a group primarily of Zionist volunteers

text: a group primarily of Zionist volunteers

question: When did the League of Nations grant Britain a mandate over Palestine?

answer: 1922

question: What does Haganah mean in Hebrew?

answer: The Defense

text: The Defense


text: To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: To

text: fill

text: this

text: gap

text: in

text: the

text: literature

text: mandolin

text: orchestras

text: have

text: traditionally

text: played

text: many

text: arrangements

text: of

text: music

text: written

text: for

text: regular

text: orchestras

text: or

text: other

text: ensembles

text: Some

text: players

text: have

text: sought

text: out

text: contemporary

text: composers

text: to

text: solicit

text: new

text: works

text: Traditional

text: mandolin

text: orchestras

text: remain

text: especially

text: popular

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: but

text: also

text: exist

text: throughout

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: perform

text: works

text: composed

text: for

text: mandolin

text: family

text: instruments

text: or

text: re

text: orchestrations

text: of

text: traditional

text: pieces

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: a

text: contemporary

text: traditional

text: mandolin

text: orchestra

text: consists

text: of

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: mandolins

text: mandolas

text: either

text: octave

text: mandolas

text: tuned

text: an

text: octave

text: below

text: the

text: mandolin

text: or

text: tenor

text: mandolas

text: tuned

text: like

text: the

text: viola

text: mandocellos

text: tuned

text: like

text: the

text: cello

text: and

text: bass

text: instruments

text: conventional

text: string

text: bass

text: or

text: rarely

text: mandobasses

text: Smaller

text: ensembles

text: such

text: as

text: quartets

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: mandolins

text: mandola

text: and

text: mandocello

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: found

question: What type of music has mandolins played?

answer: mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles

text: mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles

question: Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular?

answer: Japan and Germany

text: Japan and Germany

question: What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of?

answer: first and second mandolins,

text: first and second mandolins,

question: What are smalled ensambles composed of?

answer: two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello,

text: two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello,

question: What are the mandocellos usually tuned like?

answer: cello

text: cello


text: Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Sleep

text: and

text: charge

text: USB

text: ports

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: charge

text: electronic

text: devices

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: computer

text: is

text: switched

text: off

text: Normally

text: when

text: a

text: computer

text: is

text: powered

text: off

text: the

text: USB

text: ports

text: are

text: powered

text: down

text: preventing

text: phones

text: and

text: other

text: devices

text: from

text: charging

text: Sleep

text: and

text: charge

text: USB

text: ports

text: remain

text: powered

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: computer

text: is

text: off

text: On

text: laptops

text: charging

text: devices

text: from

text: the

text: USB

text: port

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: being

text: powered

text: from

text: AC

text: drains

text: the

text: laptop

text: battery

text: faster

text: most

text: laptops

text: have

text: a

text: facility

text: to

text: stop

text: charging

text: if

text: their

text: own

text: battery

text: charge

text: level

text: gets

text: too

text: low

question: What can sleep-and-charge USB ports be used to do?

answer: charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off

text: charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off

question: What is normally powered off whenever the computer is off?

answer: USB ports

text: USB ports

question: What remain powered even whenever the computer is powered off?

answer: Sleep-and-charge USB ports

text: Sleep-and-charge USB ports


text: In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials. In the 1990s an Islamist group, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, engaged in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent writers and intellectuals, to the repeated targeting of tourists and foreigners. Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economy—tourism—and in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: terrorist

text: attacks

text: in

text: Egypt

text: became

text: numerous

text: and

text: severe

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: target

text: Christian

text: Copts

text: foreign

text: tourists

text: and

text: government

text: officials

text: In

text: the

text: an

text: Islamist

text: group

text: Al

text: Gama'a

text: al

text: Islamiyya

text: engaged

text: in

text: an

text: extended

text: campaign

text: of

text: violence

text: from

text: the

text: murders

text: and

text: attempted

text: murders

text: of

text: prominent

text: writers

text: and

text: intellectuals

text: to

text: the

text: repeated

text: targeting

text: of

text: tourists

text: and

text: foreigners

text: Serious

text: damage

text: was

text: done

text: to

text: the

text: largest

text: sector

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: economy

text: tourism

text: and

text: in

text: turn

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: devastated

text: the

text: livelihoods

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: on

text: whom

text: the

text: group

text: depended

text: for

text: support

question: Who were primary targets of Egypt terrorist attacks?

answer: Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials

text: Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials

question: What was the name of a high profile terrorist group in Egypt in 1990s?

answer: Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya

text: Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya

question: What sector of economy was plagued by terrorism attacks?

answer: tourism

text: tourism


text: There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire "Jiu Han jun" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection, Ming artillery was responsible for many victories against the Manchus, so the Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641 and the swelling of Han Chinese numbers in the Eight Banners led in 1642 of all Eight Han Banners being created. It was defected Ming Han Chinese armies which conquered southern China for the Qing.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: There

text: were

text: too

text: few

text: ethnic

text: Manchus

text: to

text: conquer

text: China

text: so

text: they

text: gained

text: strength

text: by

text: defeating

text: and

text: absorbing

text: Mongols

text: but

text: more

text: importantly

text: adding

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: to

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: The

text: Manchus

text: had

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: entire

text: Jiu

text: Han

text: jun

text: Old

text: Han

text: Army

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: massive

text: amount

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: soldiers

text: which

text: were

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: by

text: both

text: capture

text: and

text: defection

text: Ming

text: artillery

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: many

text: victories

text: against

text: the

text: Manchus

text: so

text: the

text: Manchus

text: established

text: an

text: artillery

text: corps

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: soldiers

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: swelling

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: numbers

text: in

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: led

text: in

text: of

text: all

text: Eight

text: Han

text: Banners

text: being

text: created

text: It

text: was

text: defected

text: Ming

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: armies

text: which

text: conquered

text: southern

text: China

text: for

text: the

text: Qing

question: What group did the Manchus take over to add strength to their numbers?

answer: Mongols

text: Mongols

question: What weapon helped the Ming defeat the Manchus?

answer: artillery

text: artillery

question: When did the Manchus create their own artillery?

answer: 1641


text: The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule. Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: Murad

text: II

text: Mehmed

text: the

text: Conqueror

text: reorganized

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: and

text: conquered

text: Constantinople

text: on

text: May

text: Mehmed

text: allowed

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: to

text: maintain

text: its

text: autonomy

text: and

text: land

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: accepting

text: Ottoman

text: authority

text: Because

text: of

text: bad

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: population

text: accepted

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: as

text: preferable

text: to

text: Venetian

text: rule

text: Albanian

text: resistance

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: obstacle

text: to

text: Ottoman

text: expansion

text: on

text: the

text: Italian

text: peninsula

question: Who was the son of Murad II?

answer: Mehmed the Conqueror

text: Mehmed the Conqueror

question: What city was conquered on 29 May 1453?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople

question: What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire?

answer: its autonomy and land

text: its autonomy and land

question: The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what?

answer: Venetian rule

text: Venetian rule

question: What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy??

answer: Albanian resistance

text: Albanian resistance


text: In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: In

text: the

text: next

text: centuries

text: Armenia

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: 's

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Tiridates

text: I

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Arsacid

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Armenia

text: which

text: itself

text: was

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: eponymous

text: Arsacid

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Parthia

text: Throughout

text: its

text: history

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Armenia

text: enjoyed

text: both

text: periods

text: of

text: independence

text: and

text: periods

text: of

text: autonomy

text: subject

text: to

text: contemporary

text: empires

text: Its

text: strategic

text: location

text: between

text: two

text: continents

text: has

text: subjected

text: it

text: to

text: invasions

text: by

text: many

text: peoples

text: including

text: the

text: Assyrians

text: under

text: Ashurbanipal

text: at

text: around

text: BC

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: Empire

text: reached

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: Medes

text: Achaemenid

text: Persians

text: Greeks

text: Parthians

text: Romans

text: Sassanid

text: Persians

text: Byzantines

text: Arabs

text: Seljuks

text: Mongols

text: Ottomans

text: successive

text: Iranian

text: Safavids

text: Afsharids

text: and

text: Qajars

text: and

text: the

text: Russians

question: Who established the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia?

answer: Tiridates I

text: Tiridates I

question: What made Armenia so easily invadable?

answer: strategic location between two continents

text: strategic location between two continents

question: Who ruled the Assyrians between 669-627 BC?

answer: Ashurbanipal

text: Ashurbanipal


text: The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of the outward state of Holland, so love, peace and liberty, extending to all in Christ Jesus, condemns hatred, war and bondage." The document was signed December 27, 1657 by a group of English citizens in America who were affronted by persecution of Quakers and the religious policies of the Governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant had formally banned all religions other than the Dutch Reformed Church from being practiced in the colony, in accordance with the laws of the Dutch Republic. The signers indicated their "desire therefore in this case not to judge lest we be judged, neither to condemn least we be condemned, but rather let every man stand or fall to his own Master." Stuyvesant fined the petitioners and threw them in prison until they recanted. However, John Bowne allowed the Quakers to meet in his home. Bowne was arrested, jailed, and sent to the Netherlands for trial; the Dutch court exonerated Bowne.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: Flushing

text: Remonstrance

text: shows

text: support

text: for

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: stating

text: their

text: opposition

text: to

text: religious

text: persecution

text: of

text: any

text: sort

text: The

text: law

text: of

text: love

text: peace

text: and

text: liberty

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: extending

text: to

text: Jews

text: Turks

text: and

text: Egyptians

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: considered

text: sons

text: of

text: Adam

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: glory

text: of

text: the

text: outward

text: state

text: of

text: Holland

text: so

text: love

text: peace

text: and

text: liberty

text: extending

text: to

text: all

text: in

text: Christ

text: Jesus

text: condemns

text: hatred

text: war

text: and

text: bondage

text: The

text: document

text: was

text: signed

text: December

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: English

text: citizens

text: in

text: America

text: who

text: were

text: affronted

text: by

text: persecution

text: of

text: Quakers

text: and

text: the

text: religious

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: New

text: Netherland

text: Peter

text: Stuyvesant

text: Stuyvesant

text: had

text: formally

text: banned

text: all

text: religions

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: from

text: being

text: practiced

text: in

text: the

text: colony

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: The

text: signers

text: indicated

text: their

text: desire

text: therefore

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: not

text: to

text: judge

text: lest

text: we

text: be

text: judged

text: neither

text: to

text: condemn

text: least

text: we

text: be

text: condemned

text: but

text: rather

text: let

text: every

text: man

text: stand

text: or

text: fall

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: Master

text: Stuyvesant

text: fined

text: the

text: petitioners

text: and

text: threw

text: them

text: in

text: prison

text: until

text: they

text: recanted

text: However

text: John

text: Bowne

text: allowed

text: the

text: Quakers

text: to

text: meet

text: in

text: his

text: home

text: Bowne

text: was

text: arrested

text: jailed

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: for

text: trial

text: the

text: Dutch

text: court

text: exonerated

text: Bowne

question: What shows support for the separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century?

answer: The Flushing Remonstrance

text: The Flushing Remonstrance

question: What were the Remonstrance opposed to?

answer: religious persecution of any sort

text: religious persecution of any sort

question: When did a group of English citizens sign a document condemning hatred, war and bondage?

answer: December 27, 1657

text: December 27, 1657

question: Who were the signers of the document affronted by the persecution of?

answer: Quakers

text: Quakers

question: What had Peter Stuyvesant formally banned all of other than the Dutch Reformed Church?

answer: religions

text: religions