text: Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Northwestern

text: requires

text: that

text: all

text: new

text: buildings

text: be

text: LEED

text: certified

text: Silverman

text: Hall

text: on

text: the

text: Evanston

text: campus

text: was

text: awarded

text: Gold

text: LEED

text: Certification

text: in

text: Wieboldt

text: Hall

text: on

text: the

text: Chicago

text: campus

text: was

text: awarded

text: Gold

text: LEED

text: Certification

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Ford

text: Motor

text: Company

text: Engineering

text: Design

text: Center

text: on

text: the

text: Evanston

text: campus

text: was

text: awarded

text: Silver

text: LEED

text: Certification

text: in

text: New

text: construction

text: and

text: renovation

text: projects

text: will

text: be

text: designed

text: to

text: provide

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: improvement

text: over

text: energy

text: code

text: requirements

text: where

text: technically

text: feasible

text: The

text: university

text: also

text: released

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: academic

text: year

text: the

text: Evanston

text: Campus

text: Framework

text: Plan

text: which

text: outlines

text: plans

text: for

text: future

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Evanston

text: Campus

text: The

text: plan

text: not

text: only

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: sustainable

text: construction

text: of

text: buildings

text: but

text: also

text: discusses

text: improving

text: transportation

text: by

text: optimizing

text: pedestrian

text: and

text: bicycle

text: access

text: Northwestern

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: recycling

text: program

text: in

text: place

text: since

text: Annually

text: more

text: than

text: tons

text: are

text: recycled

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: which

text: represents

text: of

text: the

text: waste

text: produced

text: on

text: campus

text: Additionally

text: all

text: landscape

text: waste

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: is

text: composted

question: What is the required certification for all Northwestern buildings?

answer: LEED

text: LEED

question: What percentage of improvement over energy code requirements will be the goal of all new construction and renovations?

answer: at least a 20%

text: at least a 20%

question: How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly?

answer: 1,500

question: How is all university landscape waste used?

answer: composted

text: composted

question: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline?

answer: future development of the Evanston Campus

text: future development of the Evanston Campus


text: Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country, comprising about 60% of the country's total area. The majority of the Swiss population live in the Swiss Plateau. Among the high valleys of the Swiss Alps many glaciers are found, totalling an area of 1,063 square kilometres (410 sq mi). From these originate the headwaters of several major rivers, such as the Rhine, Inn, Ticino and Rhône, which flow in the four cardinal directions into the whole of Europe. The hydrographic network includes several of the largest bodies of freshwater in Central and Western Europe, among which are included Lake Geneva (also called le Lac Léman in French), Lake Constance (known as Bodensee in German) and Lake Maggiore. Switzerland has more than 1500 lakes, and contains 6% of Europe's stock of fresh water. Lakes and glaciers cover about 6% of the national territory. The largest lake is Lake Geneva, in western Switzerland shared with France. The Rhône is both the main source and outflow of Lake Geneva. Lake Constance is the second largest Swiss lake and, like the Lake Geneva, an intermediate step by the Rhine at the border to Austria and Germany. While the Rhône flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the French Camarque region and the Rhine flows into the North Sea at Rotterdam in the Netherlands, about 1000 km apart, both springs are only about 22 km apart from each other in the Swiss Alps.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: lies

text: between

text: latitudes

text: and

text: N

text: and

text: longitudes

text: and

text: E.

text: It

text: contains

text: three

text: basic

text: topographical

text: areas

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Central

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: mountains

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: a

text: high

text: mountain

text: range

text: running

text: across

text: the

text: central

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: comprising

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: Among

text: the

text: high

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: many

text: glaciers

text: are

text: found

text: totalling

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: From

text: these

text: originate

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: several

text: major

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Inn

text: Ticino

text: and

text: Rhône

text: which

text: flow

text: in

text: the

text: four

text: cardinal

text: directions

text: into

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Europe

text: The

text: hydrographic

text: network

text: includes

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: bodies

text: of

text: freshwater

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: among

text: which

text: are

text: included

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: also

text: called

text: le

text: Lac

text: Léman

text: in

text: French

text: Lake

text: Constance

text: known

text: as

text: Bodensee

text: in

text: German

text: and

text: Lake

text: Maggiore

text: Switzerland

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: lakes

text: and

text: contains

text: of

text: Europe

text: 's

text: stock

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: Lakes

text: and

text: glaciers

text: cover

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: territory

text: The

text: largest

text: lake

text: is

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: in

text: western

text: Switzerland

text: shared

text: with

text: France

text: The

text: Rhône

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: main

text: source

text: and

text: outflow

text: of

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: Lake

text: Constance

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Swiss

text: lake

text: and

text: like

text: the

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: an

text: intermediate

text: step

text: by

text: the

text: Rhine

text: at

text: the

text: border

text: to

text: Austria

text: and

text: Germany

text: While

text: the

text: Rhône

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: at

text: the

text: French

text: Camarque

text: region

text: and

text: the

text: Rhine

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: at

text: Rotterdam

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: about

text: km

text: apart

text: both

text: springs

text: are

text: only

text: about

text: km

text: apart

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Alps

question: Which basic topographical area is in the south of Switzerland?

answer: Swiss Alps

text: Swiss Alps

question: Which basic topographical area is in central Switzerland?

answer: Swiss Plateau

text: Swiss Plateau

question: Which basic topographical area is in western Switzerland?

answer: Jura mountains

text: Jura mountains

question: How much of Switzerland's total area do the Alps comprise?

answer: 60%

question: What is the largest lake in Switzerland?

answer: Lake Geneva

text: Lake Geneva


text: The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages. However, this definition becomes problematic in the case of dialect continua, in which it may be the case that dialect B is mutually intelligible with both dialect A and dialect C but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible with each other. In this case the criterion of mutual intelligibility makes it impossible to decide whether A and C are dialects of the same language or not. Cases may also arise in which a speaker of dialect X can understand a speaker of dialect Y, but not vice versa; the mutual intelligibility criterion flounders here as well.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: and

text: most

text: purely

text: linguistic

text: criterion

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: two

text: varieties

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: dialects

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: language

text: if

text: being

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: one

text: variety

text: confers

text: sufficient

text: knowledge

text: to

text: understand

text: and

text: be

text: understood

text: by

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: otherwise

text: they

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: different

text: languages

text: However

text: this

text: definition

text: becomes

text: problematic

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: dialect

text: continua

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: case

text: that

text: dialect

text: B

text: is

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: with

text: both

text: dialect

text: A

text: and

text: dialect

text: C

text: but

text: dialects

text: A

text: and

text: C

text: are

text: not

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: the

text: criterion

text: of

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: makes

text: it

text: impossible

text: to

text: decide

text: whether

text: A

text: and

text: C

text: are

text: dialects

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: language

text: or

text: not

text: Cases

text: may

text: also

text: arise

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: dialect

text: X

text: can

text: understand

text: a

text: speaker

text: of

text: dialect

text: Y

text: but

text: not

text: vice

text: versa

text: the

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: criterion

text: flounders

text: here

text: as

text: well

question: What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects?

answer: mutual intelligibility

text: mutual intelligibility

question: What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible?

answer: dialect continua

text: dialect continua

question: What is the definition of mutual intelligibility?

answer: if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other

text: if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other


text: Imported mystery religions, which offered initiates salvation in the afterlife, were a matter of personal choice for an individual, practiced in addition to carrying on one's family rites and participating in public religion. The mysteries, however, involved exclusive oaths and secrecy, conditions that conservative Romans viewed with suspicion as characteristic of "magic", conspiratorial (coniuratio), or subversive activity. Sporadic and sometimes brutal attempts were made to suppress religionists who seemed to threaten traditional morality and unity, as with the senate's efforts to restrict the Bacchanals in 186 BC.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Imported

text: mystery

text: religions

text: which

text: offered

text: initiates

text: salvation

text: in

text: the

text: afterlife

text: were

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: personal

text: choice

text: for

text: an

text: individual

text: practiced

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: carrying

text: on

text: one

text: 's

text: family

text: rites

text: and

text: participating

text: in

text: public

text: religion

text: The

text: mysteries

text: however

text: involved

text: exclusive

text: oaths

text: and

text: secrecy

text: conditions

text: that

text: conservative

text: Romans

text: viewed

text: with

text: suspicion

text: as

text: characteristic

text: of

text: magic

text: conspiratorial

text: coniuratio

text: or

text: subversive

text: activity

text: Sporadic

text: and

text: sometimes

text: brutal

text: attempts

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: suppress

text: religionists

text: who

text: seemed

text: to

text: threaten

text: traditional

text: morality

text: and

text: unity

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: senate

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: restrict

text: the

text: Bacchanals

text: in

text: BC

question: What was the practice of religion to the Romans?

answer: personal choice

text: personal choice

question: What was the standard practice in Roman religious life?

answer: public religion

text: public religion

question: What part of Roman religious practice involved secrecy?

answer: mysteries

text: mysteries

question: What group viewed the mysteries as suspicious or subversive?

answer: conservative Romans

text: conservative Romans

question: What did the mysteries seem to threaten that made the Romans occasionally attempt to ban them?

answer: morality and unity

text: morality and unity


text: The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word γένος (génos) meaning "race, offspring". Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: word

text: gene

text: is

text: derived

text: via

text: pangene

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: word

text: γένος

text: génos

text: meaning

text: race

text: offspring

text: Gene

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: by

text: Danish

text: botanist

text: Wilhelm

text: Johannsen

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: fundamental

text: physical

text: and

text: functional

text: unit

text: of

text: heredity

text: while

text: the

text: related

text: word

text: genetics

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: William

text: Bateson

text: in

question: What ancient Greek word is the word 'gene' derived from?

answer: γένος (génos)

text: γένος (génos)

question: What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?

answer: "race, offspring"

text: "race, offspring"

question: What Danish botanist coined the word 'gene'?

answer: Wilhelm Johannsen

text: Wilhelm Johannsen

question: What was the word 'gene' used to describe in 1909?

answer: the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

text: the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

question: Who first used the word 'genetics' in 1905?

answer: William Bateson

text: William Bateson


text: The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 60s and 70s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia. Also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. Ruben Hakobyan (Ruben Sasuntsi) is a well recognized Armenian ethnographic and patriotic folk singer who has achieved widespread national recognition due to his devotion to Armenian folk music and exceptional talent. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth.[citation needed] These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: caused

text: widespread

text: emigration

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: Armenians

text: in

text: various

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Armenians

text: kept

text: to

text: their

text: traditions

text: and

text: certain

text: diasporans

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: with

text: their

text: music

text: In

text: the

text: post

text: Genocide

text: Armenian

text: community

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: kef

text: style

text: Armenian

text: dance

text: music

text: using

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: folk

text: instruments

text: often

text: electrified

text: amplified

text: and

text: some

text: western

text: instruments

text: was

text: popular

text: This

text: style

text: preserved

text: the

text: folk

text: songs

text: and

text: dances

text: of

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: and

text: many

text: artists

text: also

text: played

text: the

text: contemporary

text: popular

text: songs

text: of

text: Turkey

text: and

text: other

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: countries

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: Armenians

text: emigrated

text: Richard

text: Hagopian

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: kef

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: Vosbikian

text: Band

text: was

text: notable

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: for

text: developing

text: their

text: own

text: style

text: of

text: kef

text: music

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: popular

text: American

text: Big

text: Band

text: Jazz

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Later

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: and

text: influenced

text: by

text: Continental

text: European

text: especially

text: French

text: pop

text: music

text: the

text: Armenian

text: pop

text: music

text: genre

text: grew

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Adiss

text: Harmandian

text: and

text: Harout

text: Pamboukjian

text: performing

text: to

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: and

text: Armenia

text: Also

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Sirusho

text: performing

text: pop

text: music

text: combined

text: with

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Other

text: Armenian

text: diasporans

text: that

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: classical

text: or

text: international

text: music

text: circles

text: are

text: world

text: renowned

text: French

text: Armenian

text: singer

text: and

text: composer

text: Charles

text: Aznavour

text: pianist

text: Sahan

text: Arzruni

text: prominent

text: opera

text: sopranos

text: such

text: as

text: Hasmik

text: Papian

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: Isabel

text: Bayrakdarian

text: and

text: Anna

text: Kasyan

text: Certain

text: Armenians

text: settled

text: to

text: sing

text: non

text: Armenian

text: tunes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: heavy

text: metal

text: band

text: System

text: of

text: a

text: Down

text: which

text: nonetheless

text: often

text: incorporates

text: traditional

text: Armenian

text: instrumentals

text: and

text: styling

text: into

text: their

text: songs

text: or

text: pop

text: star

text: Cher

text: Ruben

text: Hakobyan

text: Ruben

text: Sasuntsi

text: is

text: a

text: well

text: recognized

text: Armenian

text: ethnographic

text: and

text: patriotic

text: folk

text: singer

text: who

text: has

text: achieved

text: widespread

text: national

text: recognition

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: devotion

text: to

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: exceptional

text: talent

text: In

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: Armenian

text: revolutionary

text: songs

text: are

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: youth.[citation

text: needed

text: These

text: songs

text: encourage

text: Armenian

text: patriotism

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: about

text: Armenian

text: history

text: and

text: national

text: heroes

question: What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?

answer: the traditional "kef" style

text: the traditional "kef" style

question: What instruments does 'kef' use?

answer: Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments

text: Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments

question: What type of music does Sirusho perform?

answer: pop music combined with Armenian folk music

text: pop music combined with Armenian folk music

question: What nationality is Charles Aznavour?

answer: French-Armenian

text: French-Armenian

question: What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?

answer: System of a Down

text: System of a Down


text: In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its disposal in a financial crisis is to take such extraordinary measures as the purchase of large amounts of assets such as commercial paper. The purpose of such operations is to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning of the financial system.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: In

text: central

text: banking

text: the

text: privileged

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: bank

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: make

text: as

text: much

text: money

text: as

text: it

text: deems

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Bank

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: buys

text: assets

text: typically

text: bonds

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: government

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: limit

text: on

text: the

text: bonds

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: buy

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tools

text: at

text: its

text: disposal

text: in

text: a

text: financial

text: crisis

text: is

text: to

text: take

text: such

text: extraordinary

text: measures

text: as

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: assets

text: such

text: as

text: commercial

text: paper

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: such

text: operations

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: adequate

text: liquidity

text: is

text: available

text: for

text: functioning

text: of

text: the

text: financial

text: system

question: What is a perk of the central bank?

answer: it can make as much money as it deems needed

text: it can make as much money as it deems needed

question: What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve buy?

answer: bonds issued by the Federal government

text: bonds issued by the Federal government

question: What kind of asset will the Federal Reserve purchase in mass quantities at a time of crisis?

answer: commercial paper

text: commercial paper

question: What is the purpose of buying commercial paper in a time of financial crisis?

answer: to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning

text: to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning


text: During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: During

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: Napoleon

text: annexed

text: territory

text: formerly

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: and

text: Savoys

text: In

text: he

text: established

text: the

text: Helvetic

text: Republic

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: he

text: led

text: an

text: army

text: across

text: the

text: St.

text: Bernard

text: pass

text: and

text: conquered

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Alpine

text: regions

question: What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century?

answer: the Napoleonic Wars

text: the Napoleonic Wars

question: Who annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys?

answer: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

question: When was the Helvetic Republic established?

answer: 1798

question: Where was the Helvetic Republic established?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland


text: With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between "the patron and the priest" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized "the religious nature of the relationship." Josef Kolmaš writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were "almost entirely of a religious character." Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to "resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa." She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as "part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: With

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: fifth

text: Karmapa

text: and

text: other

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: Norbu

text: states

text: that

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: historians

text: have

text: failed

text: to

text: realize

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: religious

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: Tibetan

text: relationship

text: He

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: meetings

text: of

text: lamas

text: with

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: China

text: were

text: exchanges

text: of

text: tribute

text: between

text: the

text: patron

text: and

text: the

text: priest

text: and

text: were

text: not

text: merely

text: instances

text: of

text: a

text: political

text: subordinate

text: paying

text: tribute

text: to

text: a

text: superior

text: He

text: also

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: items

text: of

text: tribute

text: were

text: Buddhist

text: artifacts

text: which

text: symbolized

text: the

text: religious

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: Josef

text: Kolmaš

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: did

text: not

text: exercise

text: any

text: direct

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: Tibet

text: content

text: with

text: their

text: tribute

text: relations

text: that

text: were

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: a

text: religious

text: character

text: Patricia

text: Ann

text: Berger

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: courting

text: and

text: granting

text: of

text: titles

text: to

text: lamas

text: was

text: his

text: attempt

text: to

text: resurrect

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Tibet

text: established

text: earlier

text: by

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynastic

text: founder

text: Khubilai

text: Khan

text: and

text: his

text: guru

text: Phagpa

text: She

text: also

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: later

text: Qing

text: emperors

text: and

text: their

text: Mongol

text: associates

text: viewed

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: Tibet

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: chain

text: of

text: reincarnation

text: that

text: saw

text: this

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: emperor

text: as

text: yet

text: another

text: emanation

text: of

text: Manjusri

question: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?

answer: Chinese Communist historians

text: Chinese Communist historians

question: What were the items of tribute?

answer: Buddhist artifacts

text: Buddhist artifacts

question: Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?

answer: Josef Kolmaš

text: Josef Kolmaš


text: T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him. The clergy and people were determined to have him as their bishop, Patriarch of Alexandria, and refused to accept any excuses. He at length consented to accept a responsibility that he sought in vain to escape, and was consecrated in 326, when he was about thirty years of age.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: T.

text: Gilmartin

text: Professor

text: of

text: History

text: Maynooth

text: writes

text: in

text: Church

text: History

text: Vol

text: Ch

text: XVII

text: On

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Alexander

text: five

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: termination

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Nice

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: unanimously

text: elected

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: vacant

text: see

text: He

text: was

text: most

text: unwilling

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: dignity

text: for

text: he

text: clearly

text: foresaw

text: the

text: difficulties

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: would

text: involve

text: him

text: The

text: clergy

text: and

text: people

text: were

text: determined

text: to

text: have

text: him

text: as

text: their

text: bishop

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: refused

text: to

text: accept

text: any

text: excuses

text: He

text: at

text: length

text: consented

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: responsibility

text: that

text: he

text: sought

text: in

text: vain

text: to

text: escape

text: and

text: was

text: consecrated

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: about

text: thirty

text: years

text: of

text: age

question: In what year was Athanasius consecrated?

answer: 326

question: How old was Athanasius when he became the Patriarch of Alexandria?

answer: about thirty years of age

text: about thirty years of age

question: Did Athanasius want to be the Patriarch of Alexandria?

answer: He was most unwilling to accept

text: He was most unwilling to accept

question: Did the people want Athanasius as their bishop?

answer: people were determined to have him

text: people were determined to have him

question: How long after the Council of Nice did Saint Athanasius die?

answer: five months

text: five months

question: Was Saint Athanasius willing or unwilling to fill the vacancy?

answer: unwilling

text: unwilling

question: In what year was he consecrated?

answer: in 326

text: in 326

question: How old was he when he was consecrated?

answer: thirty years of age.

text: thirty years of age.


text: In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered around present-day Portugal, some urban remains are quite large, like Conímbriga and Mirobriga. The former, beyond being one of the largest Roman settlements in Portugal, is also classified as a National Monument. Conímbriga lies 16 km from Coimbra which by its turn was the ancient Aeminium). The site also has a museum that displays objects found by archaeologists during their excavations.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: In

text: BC

text: Lusitania

text: gained

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Roman

text: province

text: Later

text: a

text: northern

text: province

text: of

text: Lusitania

text: was

text: formed

text: known

text: as

text: Gallaecia

text: with

text: capital

text: in

text: Bracara

text: Augusta

text: today

text: 's

text: Braga

text: There

text: are

text: still

text: many

text: ruins

text: of

text: castros

text: hill

text: forts

text: all

text: over

text: modern

text: Portugal

text: and

text: remains

text: of

text: Castro

text: culture

text: Numerous

text: Roman

text: sites

text: are

text: scattered

text: around

text: present

text: day

text: Portugal

text: some

text: urban

text: remains

text: are

text: quite

text: large

text: like

text: Conímbriga

text: and

text: Mirobriga

text: The

text: former

text: beyond

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Roman

text: settlements

text: in

text: Portugal

text: is

text: also

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: National

text: Monument

text: Conímbriga

text: lies

text: km

text: from

text: Coimbra

text: which

text: by

text: its

text: turn

text: was

text: the

text: ancient

text: Aeminium

text: The

text: site

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: museum

text: that

text: displays

text: objects

text: found

text: by

text: archaeologists

text: during

text: their

text: excavations

question: In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?

answer: 27 BC

text: 27 BC

question: What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as?

answer: Gallaecia

text: Gallaecia

question: What are two large Roman sites that still exist today in Portugal?

answer: Conímbriga and Mirobriga

text: Conímbriga and Mirobriga

question: What are castros?

answer: hill forts

text: hill forts

question: How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra?

answer: 16 km

text: 16 km


text: A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it. When that happens both the shrimp and goby fish quickly retreat into the burrow. Different species of gobies (Elacatinus spp.) also exhibit mutualistic behavior through cleaning up ectoparasites in other fish.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: A

text: further

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: goby

text: fish

text: which

text: sometimes

text: lives

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: shrimp

text: The

text: shrimp

text: digs

text: and

text: cleans

text: up

text: a

text: burrow

text: in

text: the

text: sand

text: in

text: which

text: both

text: the

text: shrimp

text: and

text: the

text: goby

text: fish

text: live

text: The

text: shrimp

text: is

text: almost

text: blind

text: leaving

text: it

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: predators

text: when

text: outside

text: its

text: burrow

text: In

text: case

text: of

text: danger

text: the

text: goby

text: fish

text: touches

text: the

text: shrimp

text: with

text: its

text: tail

text: to

text: warn

text: it

text: When

text: that

text: happens

text: both

text: the

text: shrimp

text: and

text: goby

text: fish

text: quickly

text: retreat

text: into

text: the

text: burrow

text: Different

text: species

text: of

text: gobies

text: Elacatinus

text: spp

text: also

text: exhibit

text: mutualistic

text: behavior

text: through

text: cleaning

text: up

text: ectoparasites

text: in

text: other

text: fish

question: What species does this shrimp have a relationship with?

answer: the goby fish

text: the goby fish

question: What part of the fish is used to signal danger?

answer: its tail

text: its tail


text: Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death."

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: Even

text: as

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: empire

text: collapsed

text: literate

text: men

text: acknowledged

text: that

text: Virgil

text: was

text: a

text: master

text: poet

text: Gregory

text: of

text: Tours

text: read

text: Virgil

text: whom

text: he

text: quotes

text: in

text: several

text: places

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: other

text: Latin

text: poets

text: though

text: he

text: cautions

text: that

text: we

text: ought

text: not

text: to

text: relate

text: their

text: lying

text: fables

text: lest

text: we

text: fall

text: under

text: sentence

text: of

text: eternal

text: death

question: Who cautioned "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death"?

answer: Gregory of Tours

text: Gregory of Tours

question: Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing?

answer: Western Roman

text: Western Roman

question: Did literate men acknowledge Virgil as a master or novice poet?

answer: master

text: master


text: It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated and even expanded authority for the Secretary of the Interior to manage and administer the National Wildlife Refuge System. Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species. The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: It

text: authorized

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: to

text: list

text: endangered

text: domestic

text: fish

text: and

text: wildlife

text: and

text: allowed

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Fish

text: and

text: Wildlife

text: Service

text: to

text: spend

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: per

text: year

text: to

text: buy

text: habitats

text: for

text: listed

text: species

text: It

text: also

text: directed

text: federal

text: land

text: agencies

text: to

text: preserve

text: habitat

text: on

text: their

text: lands

text: The

text: Act

text: also

text: consolidated

text: and

text: even

text: expanded

text: authority

text: for

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: to

text: manage

text: and

text: administer

text: the

text: National

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: System

text: Other

text: public

text: agencies

text: were

text: encouraged

text: but

text: not

text: required

text: to

text: protect

text: species

text: The

text: act

text: did

text: not

text: address

text: the

text: commerce

text: in

text: endangered

text: species

text: and

text: parts

question: What did the Endangered Species Act authorize the Secretary of the Interior to do?

answer: list endangered domestic fish and wildlife

text: list endangered domestic fish and wildlife

question: The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase?

answer: $15 million per year

text: $15 million per year

question: The Endangered Species Act gave the Secretary of the Interior administrative power of what organization?

answer: the National Wildlife Refuge System

text: the National Wildlife Refuge System

question: How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce?

answer: The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts

text: The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts

question: How did the Endangered Species Act impact other agencies not specifically mentioned in the Act?

answer: Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species

text: Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species


text: In 1963, Ralph J. Roberts in conjunction with his two business partners, Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky, purchased American Cable Systems as a corporate spin-off from its parent, Jerrold Electronics, for US $500,000. At the time, American Cable was a small cable operator in Tupelo, Mississippi, with five channels and 12,000 customers. Storecast Corporation of America, a product placement supermarket specialist marketing firm, was purchased by American Cable in 1965. With Storecast being a Muzak client, American Cable purchased its first Muzak franchise of many in Orlando, Florida.

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: In

text: Ralph

text: J.

text: Roberts

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: his

text: two

text: business

text: partners

text: Daniel

text: Aaron

text: and

text: Julian

text: A.

text: Brodsky

text: purchased

text: American

text: Cable

text: Systems

text: as

text: a

text: corporate

text: spin

text: off

text: from

text: its

text: parent

text: Jerrold

text: Electronics

text: for

text: US

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: American

text: Cable

text: was

text: a

text: small

text: cable

text: operator

text: in

text: Tupelo

text: Mississippi

text: with

text: five

text: channels

text: and

text: customers

text: Storecast

text: Corporation

text: of

text: America

text: a

text: product

text: placement

text: supermarket

text: specialist

text: marketing

text: firm

text: was

text: purchased

text: by

text: American

text: Cable

text: in

text: With

text: Storecast

text: being

text: a

text: Muzak

text: client

text: American

text: Cable

text: purchased

text: its

text: first

text: Muzak

text: franchise

text: of

text: many

text: in

text: Orlando

text: Florida

question: When did Ralph Roberts get into the cable TV business?

answer: 1963

question: Who were Roberts' business partners in this purchase?

answer: Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky

text: Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky

question: What company did this partnership purchase?

answer: American Cable Systems

text: American Cable Systems

question: What city did American Cable Systems do business in?

answer: Tupelo, Mississippi

text: Tupelo, Mississippi

question: How many customers did ACS have when Roberts and his partners purchased it?

answer: 12,000


text: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: entire

text: Mediterranean

text: basin

text: in

text: a

text: vast

text: empire

text: based

text: on

text: Roman

text: law

text: and

text: Roman

text: legions

text: It

text: promoted

text: trade

text: tolerance

text: and

text: Greek

text: culture

text: By

text: AD

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: based

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: based

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: The

text: attacks

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: of

text: northern

text: Europe

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: AD

text: a

text: date

text: which

text: traditionally

text: marks

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople

question: Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?

answer: Germanic

text: Germanic

question: What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?

answer: AD 476

text: AD 476

question: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?

answer: 300 AD

text: 300 AD


text: The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Many of those fans were, and are still, students at Chicago area colleges, such as DePaul University, Loyola, Northwestern University, and Illinois-Chicago. A Broadway play, starring Joe Mantegna, Dennis Farina, Dennis Franz, and James Belushi ran for years and was based on a group of Cub fans who frequented the club's games. The group was started in 1967 by dedicated fans Ron Grousl, Tom Nall and "mad bugler" Mike Murphy, who was a sports radio host during mid days on Chicago-based WSCR AM 670 "The Score". Murphy alleges that Grousl started the Wrigley tradition of throwing back opposing teams' home run balls. The current group is headed by Derek Schaul (Derek the Five Dollar Kid). Prior to the 2006 season, they were updated, with new shops and private bar (The Batter's Eye) being added, and Bud Light bought naming rights to the bleacher section, dubbing them the Bud Light Bleachers. Bleachers at Wrigley are general admission, except during the playoffs. The bleachers have been referred to as the "World's Largest Beer Garden." A popular T-shirt (sold inside the park and licensed by the club) which says "Wrigley Bleachers" on the front and the phrase "Shut Up and Drink Your Beer" on the reverse fuels this stereotype.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: Bleacher

text: Bums

text: is

text: a

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: fans

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: spend

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: heckling

text: who

text: sit

text: in

text: the

text: bleacher

text: section

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: Initially

text: the

text: group

text: was

text: called

text: bums

text: because

text: it

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: fans

text: who

text: were

text: at

text: most

text: games

text: and

text: since

text: those

text: games

text: were

text: all

text: day

text: games

text: it

text: was

text: assumed

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: work

text: Many

text: of

text: those

text: fans

text: were

text: and

text: are

text: still

text: students

text: at

text: Chicago

text: area

text: colleges

text: such

text: as

text: DePaul

text: University

text: Loyola

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: and

text: Illinois

text: Chicago

text: A

text: Broadway

text: play

text: starring

text: Joe

text: Mantegna

text: Dennis

text: Farina

text: Dennis

text: Franz

text: and

text: James

text: Belushi

text: ran

text: for

text: years

text: and

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Cub

text: fans

text: who

text: frequented

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: games

text: The

text: group

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: by

text: dedicated

text: fans

text: Ron

text: Grousl

text: Tom

text: Nall

text: and

text: mad

text: bugler

text: Mike

text: Murphy

text: who

text: was

text: a

text: sports

text: radio

text: host

text: during

text: mid

text: days

text: on

text: Chicago

text: based

text: WSCR

text: AM

text: The

text: Score

text: Murphy

text: alleges

text: that

text: Grousl

text: started

text: the

text: Wrigley

text: tradition

text: of

text: throwing

text: back

text: opposing

text: teams

text: home

text: run

text: balls

text: The

text: current

text: group

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: Derek

text: Schaul

text: Derek

text: the

text: Five

text: Dollar

text: Kid

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: season

text: they

text: were

text: updated

text: with

text: new

text: shops

text: and

text: private

text: bar

text: The

text: Batter

text: 's

text: Eye

text: being

text: added

text: and

text: Bud

text: Light

text: bought

text: naming

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: bleacher

text: section

text: dubbing

text: them

text: the

text: Bud

text: Light

text: Bleachers

text: Bleachers

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: are

text: general

text: admission

text: except

text: during

text: the

text: playoffs

text: The

text: bleachers

text: have

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Largest

text: Beer

text: Garden

text: A

text: popular

text: T

text: shirt

text: sold

text: inside

text: the

text: park

text: and

text: licensed

text: by

text: the

text: club

text: which

text: says

text: Wrigley

text: Bleachers

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: and

text: the

text: phrase

text: Shut

text: Up

text: and

text: Drink

text: Your

text: Beer

text: on

text: the

text: reverse

text: fuels

text: this

text: stereotype

question: What nickname has been given to the fans who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field?

answer: Bleacher Bums

text: Bleacher Bums

question: Who heads the current group?

answer: Derek Schaul

text: Derek Schaul

question: What did Bud Light dub the bleacher section?

answer: the Bud Light Bleachers

text: the Bud Light Bleachers


text: To create green sparks, fireworks use barium salts, such as barium chlorate, barium nitrate crystals, or barium chloride, also used for green fireplace logs. Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames. Green pyrotechnic flares can use a mix ratio 75:25 of boron and potassium nitrate. Smoke can be turned green by a mixture: solvent yellow 33, solvent green 3, lactose, magnesium carbonate plus sodium carbonate added to potassium chlorate.

title: Green

title: Green

text: To

text: create

text: green

text: sparks

text: fireworks

text: use

text: barium

text: salts

text: such

text: as

text: barium

text: chlorate

text: barium

text: nitrate

text: crystals

text: or

text: barium

text: chloride

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: green

text: fireplace

text: logs

text: Copper

text: salts

text: typically

text: burn

text: blue

text: but

text: cupric

text: chloride

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: campfire

text: blue

text: can

text: also

text: produce

text: green

text: flames

text: Green

text: pyrotechnic

text: flares

text: can

text: use

text: a

text: mix

text: ratio

text: of

text: boron

text: and

text: potassium

text: nitrate

text: Smoke

text: can

text: be

text: turned

text: green

text: by

text: a

text: mixture

text: solvent

text: yellow

text: solvent

text: green

text: lactose

text: magnesium

text: carbonate

text: plus

text: sodium

text: carbonate

text: added

text: to

text: potassium

text: chlorate

question: How do fireworks create green sparks?

answer: barium salts

text: barium salts

question: Which copper salt can produce green glames?

answer: cupric chloride

text: cupric chloride

question: What is the ratio of boron to potassium nitrate in green pyrotechnic flares?

answer: 75:25


text: The Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic region and threatening the Lands of Novgorod. Concurrently with it the Ruthenian Federation of Kievan Rus' started to disintegrate into smaller principalities as the Rurik dynasty grew. The local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus', while struggling to establish itself in the predominantly pagan state and losing its main base in Constantinople was on the brink of extinction. Some of the main regional centres that developed later were Novgorod, Chernigov, Galich, Kiev, Ryazan, Vladimir-upon-Klyazma, Vladimir of Volyn and Polotsk.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: Crusades

text: brought

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: European

text: trade

text: routes

text: that

text: accelerated

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: In

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: sacked

text: Constantinople

text: making

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: trade

text: route

text: marginal

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Knights

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Crusades

text: were

text: conquering

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: and

text: threatening

text: the

text: Lands

text: of

text: Novgorod

text: Concurrently

text: with

text: it

text: the

text: Ruthenian

text: Federation

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: started

text: to

text: disintegrate

text: into

text: smaller

text: principalities

text: as

text: the

text: Rurik

text: dynasty

text: grew

text: The

text: local

text: Orthodox

text: Christianity

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: while

text: struggling

text: to

text: establish

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: predominantly

text: pagan

text: state

text: and

text: losing

text: its

text: main

text: base

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: brink

text: of

text: extinction

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: regional

text: centres

text: that

text: developed

text: later

text: were

text: Novgorod

text: Chernigov

text: Galich

text: Kiev

text: Ryazan

text: Vladimir

text: upon

text: Klyazma

text: Vladimir

text: of

text: Volyn

text: and

text: Polotsk

question: What helped speed up the decline of the Kievan Rus?

answer: The Crusades

text: The Crusades

question: In what year did the Crusade sack Constantinople?

answer: 1204

question: What group was attacking the the Baltic Region in 1204?

answer: Teutonic Knights

text: Teutonic Knights


text: At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Many of the residents of the Sundgau made "pilgrimages" to places like Mariastein Abbey, near Basel, in Switzerland, for baptisms and weddings. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. These conditions led to emigration by hundreds of families to newly vacant lands in the Russian Empire in 1803–4 and again in 1808. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: some

text: Alsatians

text: were

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: Jacobins

text: and

text: sympathetic

text: to

text: the

text: invading

text: forces

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: Prussia

text: who

text: sought

text: to

text: crush

text: the

text: nascent

text: revolutionary

text: republic

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: Sundgau

text: made

text: pilgrimages

text: to

text: places

text: like

text: Mariastein

text: Abbey

text: near

text: Basel

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: for

text: baptisms

text: and

text: weddings

text: When

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: was

text: victorious

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: fled

text: east

text: before

text: it

text: When

text: they

text: were

text: later

text: permitted

text: to

text: return

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: not

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: often

text: to

text: find

text: that

text: their

text: lands

text: and

text: homes

text: had

text: been

text: confiscated

text: These

text: conditions

text: led

text: to

text: emigration

text: by

text: hundreds

text: of

text: families

text: to

text: newly

text: vacant

text: lands

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: A

text: poignant

text: retelling

text: of

text: this

text: event

text: based

text: on

text: what

text: Goethe

text: had

text: personally

text: witnessed

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: his

text: long

text: poem

text: Hermann

text: and

text: Dorothea

question: Which two countries sought to crush the nascent republic?

answer: Austria and Prussia

text: Austria and Prussia

question: What had happened to most of the people who fled Sungau during the war when they were allowed to return home?

answer: lands and homes had been confiscated

text: lands and homes had been confiscated

question: What was the name of the poem by Goethe?

answer: Hermann and Dorothea

text: Hermann and Dorothea


text: Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage". On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect can be objectionable in applications such as precision sample and hold circuits or timing circuits. The level of absorption depends on many factors, from design considerations to charging time, since the absorption is a time-dependent process. However, the primary factor is the type of dielectric material. Capacitors such as tantalum electrolytic or polysulfone film exhibit very high absorption, while polystyrene or Teflon allow very small levels of absorption. In some capacitors where dangerous voltages and energies exist, such as in flashtubes, television sets, and defibrillators, the dielectric absorption can recharge the capacitor to hazardous voltages after it has been shorted or discharged. Any capacitor containing over 10 joules of energy is generally considered hazardous, while 50 joules or higher is potentially lethal. A capacitor may regain anywhere from 0.01 to 20% of its original charge over a period of several minutes, allowing a seemingly safe capacitor to become surprisingly dangerous.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Capacitors

text: made

text: with

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: dielectric

text: material

text: will

text: show

text: some

text: level

text: of

text: dielectric

text: absorption

text: or

text: soakage

text: On

text: discharging

text: a

text: capacitor

text: and

text: disconnecting

text: it

text: after

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: it

text: may

text: develop

text: a

text: voltage

text: due

text: to

text: hysteresis

text: in

text: the

text: dielectric

text: This

text: effect

text: can

text: be

text: objectionable

text: in

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: precision

text: sample

text: and

text: hold

text: circuits

text: or

text: timing

text: circuits

text: The

text: level

text: of

text: absorption

text: depends

text: on

text: many

text: factors

text: from

text: design

text: considerations

text: to

text: charging

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: absorption

text: is

text: a

text: time

text: dependent

text: process

text: However

text: the

text: primary

text: factor

text: is

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: dielectric

text: material

text: Capacitors

text: such

text: as

text: tantalum

text: electrolytic

text: or

text: polysulfone

text: film

text: exhibit

text: very

text: high

text: absorption

text: while

text: polystyrene

text: or

text: Teflon

text: allow

text: very

text: small

text: levels

text: of

text: absorption

text: In

text: some

text: capacitors

text: where

text: dangerous

text: voltages

text: and

text: energies

text: exist

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: flashtubes

text: television

text: sets

text: and

text: defibrillators

text: the

text: dielectric

text: absorption

text: can

text: recharge

text: the

text: capacitor

text: to

text: hazardous

text: voltages

text: after

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: shorted

text: or

text: discharged

text: Any

text: capacitor

text: containing

text: over

text: joules

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: hazardous

text: while

text: joules

text: or

text: higher

text: is

text: potentially

text: lethal

text: A

text: capacitor

text: may

text: regain

text: anywhere

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: its

text: original

text: charge

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: several

text: minutes

text: allowing

text: a

text: seemingly

text: safe

text: capacitor

text: to

text: become

text: surprisingly

text: dangerous

question: After discharging and disconnecting a capacitor, what causes it to develop a voltage?

answer: hysteresis in the dielectric

text: hysteresis in the dielectric

question: What does the process of dielectric absorption in a capacitor depend on?

answer: time-dependent

text: time-dependent

question: What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor display?

answer: very high absorption

text: very high absorption

question: What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit?

answer: very small levels of absorption

text: very small levels of absorption

question: What amount of energy must a capacitor contain in order to be generally considered dangerous?

answer: over 10 joules of energy

text: over 10 joules of energy


text: In January 2010, YouTube launched an experimental version of the site that used the built-in multimedia capabilities of web browsers supporting the HTML5 standard. This allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player or any other plug-in to be installed. The YouTube site had a page that allowed supported browsers to opt into the HTML5 trial. Only browsers that supported HTML5 Video using the H.264 or WebM formats could play the videos, and not all videos on the site were available.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: January

text: YouTube

text: launched

text: an

text: experimental

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: that

text: used

text: the

text: built

text: in

text: multimedia

text: capabilities

text: of

text: web

text: browsers

text: supporting

text: the

text: standard

text: This

text: allowed

text: videos

text: to

text: be

text: viewed

text: without

text: requiring

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: Player

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: plug

text: in

text: to

text: be

text: installed

text: The

text: YouTube

text: site

text: had

text: a

text: page

text: that

text: allowed

text: supported

text: browsers

text: to

text: opt

text: into

text: the

text: trial

text: Only

text: browsers

text: that

text: supported

text: Video

text: using

text: the

text: or

text: WebM

text: formats

text: could

text: play

text: the

text: videos

text: and

text: not

text: all

text: videos

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: were

text: available

question: In 2010 youtube launched a version of its site that ran on what standard?

answer: HTML5

question: What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML5?

answer: allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player

text: allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player

question: How did users opt into the trial version of youtube's HTML5 site?

answer: a page

text: a page

question: What format besides H.264 was playable with HTML5?

answer: WebM

text: WebM


text: Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights. Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded the following year, injuring the policeman who operated it. In 1912, the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City, Utah. Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility, and its association with danger, while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red. Today green lights universally signal that a system is turned on and working as it should. In many video games, green signifies both health and completed objectives, opposite red.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Green

text: can

text: communicate

text: safety

text: to

text: proceed

text: as

text: in

text: traffic

text: lights

text: Green

text: and

text: red

text: were

text: standardized

text: as

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: international

text: railroad

text: signals

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: first

text: traffic

text: light

text: using

text: green

text: and

text: red

text: gas

text: lamps

text: was

text: erected

text: in

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Houses

text: of

text: Parliament

text: in

text: London

text: It

text: exploded

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: injuring

text: the

text: policeman

text: who

text: operated

text: it

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: electric

text: traffic

text: lights

text: were

text: put

text: up

text: in

text: Salt

text: Lake

text: City

text: Utah

text: Red

text: was

text: chosen

text: largely

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: high

text: visibility

text: and

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: danger

text: while

text: green

text: was

text: chosen

text: largely

text: because

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: mistaken

text: for

text: red

text: Today

text: green

text: lights

text: universally

text: signal

text: that

text: a

text: system

text: is

text: turned

text: on

text: and

text: working

text: as

text: it

text: should

text: In

text: many

text: video

text: games

text: green

text: signifies

text: both

text: health

text: and

text: completed

text: objectives

text: opposite

text: red

question: When were green and red standardized as the colors of international railroad signs?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: When was the first traffic light erected?

answer: 1868

question: Where were the first modern electric traffic lights erected in 1912?

answer: Salt Lake City, Utah

text: Salt Lake City, Utah

question: Besides its association with danger, why was red chosen for traffic lights?

answer: high visibility

text: high visibility


text: Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: has

text: a

text: larger

text: Native

text: American

text: population

text: numerically

text: and

text: percentage

text: wise

text: than

text: most

text: U.S.

text: states

text: Although

text: the

text: state

text: ranked

text: in

text: population

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: it

text: ranked

text: in

text: total

text: native

text: people

text: population

text: Native

text: people

text: constituted

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: the

text: sixth

text: highest

text: percentage

text: of

text: all

text: states

text: Montana

text: has

text: three

text: counties

text: in

text: which

text: Native

text: Americans

text: are

text: a

text: majority

text: Big

text: Horn

text: Glacier

text: and

text: Roosevelt

text: Other

text: counties

text: with

text: large

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: include

text: Blaine

text: Cascade

text: Hill

text: Missoula

text: and

text: Yellowstone

text: counties

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: Native

text: American

text: population

text: grew

text: by

text: percent

text: between

text: and

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: Montana

text: 's

text: entire

text: population

text: rose

text: just

text: percent

text: and

text: by

text: percent

text: between

text: and

text: As

text: of

text: almost

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: Native

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: live

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Of

text: Montana

text: 's

text: largest

text: cities

text: Polson

text: percent

text: Havre

text: percent

text: Great

text: Falls

text: percent

text: Billings

text: percent

text: and

text: Anaconda

text: percent

text: had

text: the

text: greatest

text: percentage

text: of

text: Native

text: American

text: residents

text: in

text: Billings

text: Great

text: Falls

text: Missoula

text: Havre

text: and

text: Polson

text: have

text: the

text: most

text: Native

text: Americans

text: living

text: there

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: seven

text: reservations

text: include

text: more

text: than

text: twelve

text: distinct

text: Native

text: American

text: ethnolinguistic

text: groups

question: What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples?

answer: 6.5 percent

text: 6.5 percent

question: What three counties are Native Americans a majority?

answer: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt

text: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt

question: Between what years did the Native population increase by 27.9%

answer: 1980 and 1990

text: 1980 and 1990


text: BYU has designated energy conservation, products and materials, recycling, site planning and building design, student involvement, transportation, water conservation, and zero waste events as top priority categories in which to further its efforts to be an environmentally sustainable campus. The university has stated that "we have a responsibility to be wise stewards of the earth and its resources." BYU is working to increase the energy efficiency of its buildings by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans, replacing incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting, retrofitting campus buildings with low-E reflective glass, and upgraded roof insulation to prevent heat loss. The student groups BYU Recycles, Eco-Response, and BYU Earth educate students, faculty, staff, and administrators about how the campus can decrease its environmental impact. BYU Recycles spearheaded the recent campaign to begin recycling plastics, which the university did after a year of student campaigning.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: BYU

text: has

text: designated

text: energy

text: conservation

text: products

text: and

text: materials

text: recycling

text: site

text: planning

text: and

text: building

text: design

text: student

text: involvement

text: transportation

text: water

text: conservation

text: and

text: zero

text: waste

text: events

text: as

text: top

text: priority

text: categories

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: further

text: its

text: efforts

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: environmentally

text: sustainable

text: campus

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: we

text: have

text: a

text: responsibility

text: to

text: be

text: wise

text: stewards

text: of

text: the

text: earth

text: and

text: its

text: resources

text: BYU

text: is

text: working

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: of

text: its

text: buildings

text: by

text: installing

text: various

text: speed

text: drives

text: on

text: all

text: pumps

text: and

text: fans

text: replacing

text: incandescent

text: lighting

text: with

text: fluorescent

text: lighting

text: retrofitting

text: campus

text: buildings

text: with

text: low

text: E

text: reflective

text: glass

text: and

text: upgraded

text: roof

text: insulation

text: to

text: prevent

text: heat

text: loss

text: The

text: student

text: groups

text: BYU

text: Recycles

text: Eco

text: Response

text: and

text: BYU

text: Earth

text: educate

text: students

text: faculty

text: staff

text: and

text: administrators

text: about

text: how

text: the

text: campus

text: can

text: decrease

text: its

text: environmental

text: impact

text: BYU

text: Recycles

text: spearheaded

text: the

text: recent

text: campaign

text: to

text: begin

text: recycling

text: plastics

text: which

text: the

text: university

text: did

text: after

text: a

text: year

text: of

text: student

text: campaigning

question: What is BYU working to increase by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans?

answer: energy efficiency of its buildings

text: energy efficiency of its buildings

question: Who spearheaded BYU's recent campaign to begin recycling plastics?

answer: BYU Recycles

text: BYU Recycles

question: How long after student campaigning did BYU begin recycling plastics?

answer: a year

text: a year

question: What type of waste event is a top priority at BYU for becoming environmentally sustainable?

answer: zero

text: zero

question: What is BYU replacing it's incandescent lighting with?

answer: fluorescent

text: fluorescent


text: The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew in which it usually would have been recited, and suggests that by the time of Jesus, this phrase had become a proverbial saying in common usage. Compared to the accounts in the other Gospels, which he describes as 'theologically correct and reassuring', he considers this phrase 'unexpected, disquieting and in consequence more probable'. He describes it as bearing 'all the appearances of a genuine cry'. Raymond Brown likewise comments that he finds 'no persuasive argument against attributing to the Jesus of Mark/Matt the literal sentiment of feeling forsaken expressed in the Psalm quote'.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: only

text: words

text: of

text: Jesus

text: on

text: the

text: cross

text: in

text: the

text: Mark

text: and

text: Matthew

text: accounts

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: quotation

text: of

text: Psalm

text: Since

text: other

text: verses

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: Psalm

text: are

text: cited

text: in

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: accounts

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: a

text: literary

text: and

text: theological

text: creation

text: Geza

text: Vermes

text: however

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: verse

text: is

text: cited

text: in

text: Aramaic

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: usually

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: recited

text: and

text: suggests

text: that

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Jesus

text: this

text: phrase

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: proverbial

text: saying

text: in

text: common

text: usage

text: Compared

text: to

text: the

text: accounts

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: Gospels

text: which

text: he

text: describes

text: as

text: theologically

text: correct

text: and

text: reassuring

text: he

text: considers

text: this

text: phrase

text: unexpected

text: disquieting

text: and

text: in

text: consequence

text: more

text: probable

text: He

text: describes

text: it

text: as

text: bearing

text: all

text: the

text: appearances

text: of

text: a

text: genuine

text: cry

text: Raymond

text: Brown

text: likewise

text: comments

text: that

text: he

text: finds

text: no

text: persuasive

text: argument

text: against

text: attributing

text: to

text: the

text: Jesus

text: of

text: Mark

text: Matt

text: the

text: literal

text: sentiment

text: of

text: feeling

text: forsaken

text: expressed

text: in

text: the

text: Psalm

text: quote

question: What Psalm gives the words of Jesus on the cross?

answer: Psalm 22

text: Psalm 22

question: What contradiction is found in this Psalm?

answer: verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew

text: verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew

question: What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time?

answer: a proverbial saying in common usage

text: a proverbial saying in common usage

question: How do the other gospels describe Jesus' last words?

answer: theologically correct and reassuring

text: theologically correct and reassuring

question: How does the sentence appear to historians?

answer: a genuine cry

text: a genuine cry


text: Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). More characteristic of cooler northern and high elevation habitat is the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), whereas the Appalachian northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus), which closely resembles the southern flying squirrel, is confined to northern hardwood and spruce-fir forests.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Animals

text: that

text: characterize

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: forests

text: include

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: seen

text: is

text: the

text: low

text: to

text: moderate

text: elevation

text: eastern

text: gray

text: squirrel

text: Sciurus

text: carolinensis

text: Occupying

text: similar

text: habitat

text: is

text: the

text: slightly

text: larger

text: fox

text: squirrel

text: Sciurus

text: niger

text: and

text: the

text: much

text: smaller

text: southern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: Glaucomys

text: volans

text: More

text: characteristic

text: of

text: cooler

text: northern

text: and

text: high

text: elevation

text: habitat

text: is

text: the

text: red

text: squirrel

text: Tamiasciurus

text: hudsonicus

text: whereas

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: northern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: Glaucomys

text: sabrinus

text: fuscus

text: which

text: closely

text: resembles

text: the

text: southern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: is

text: confined

text: to

text: northern

text: hardwood

text: and

text: spruce

text: fir

text: forests

question: How many species of tree squirrel are commonly found in the range?

answer: five species

text: five species

question: What is the most commonly seen species?

answer: gray squirrel

text: gray squirrel

question: What does the squirrel share its habitat with?

answer: larger fox squirrel

text: larger fox squirrel

question: What is found more in the northern portions?

answer: red squirrel

text: red squirrel

question: Which species is commonly found more in spruce-fir forests?

answer: Appalachian northern flying squirrel

text: Appalachian northern flying squirrel


text: In addition to all of the above, the brain and spinal cord contain extensive circuitry to control the autonomic nervous system, which works by secreting hormones and by modulating the "smooth" muscles of the gut. The autonomic nervous system affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, urination, and sexual arousal, and several other processes. Most of its functions are not under direct voluntary control.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: above

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: contain

text: extensive

text: circuitry

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: autonomic

text: nervous

text: system

text: which

text: works

text: by

text: secreting

text: hormones

text: and

text: by

text: modulating

text: the

text: smooth

text: muscles

text: of

text: the

text: gut

text: The

text: autonomic

text: nervous

text: system

text: affects

text: heart

text: rate

text: digestion

text: respiration

text: rate

text: salivation

text: perspiration

text: urination

text: and

text: sexual

text: arousal

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: processes

text: Most

text: of

text: its

text: functions

text: are

text: not

text: under

text: direct

text: voluntary

text: control

question: The brain and spinal cord work together to control what system of the body?

answer: autonomic nervous system

text: autonomic nervous system

question: What system in the body controls heart rate?

answer: autonomic nervous system

text: autonomic nervous system

question: What system in the body controls salivation?

answer: autonomic nervous system

text: autonomic nervous system

question: Most of the processes of the autonomic nervous system are called what?

answer: not under direct voluntary control

text: not under direct voluntary control

question: Which system in the body controls urination?

answer: The autonomic nervous system

text: The autonomic nervous system


text: On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of "poisonous" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: On

text: April

text: Gaddafi

text: proclaimed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: a

text: Popular

text: Revolution

text: in

text: a

text: Zuwarah

text: speech

text: He

text: initiated

text: this

text: with

text: a

text: plan

text: the

text: first

text: point

text: of

text: which

text: dissolved

text: all

text: existing

text: laws

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: revolutionary

text: enactments

text: The

text: second

text: point

text: proclaimed

text: that

text: all

text: opponents

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: removed

text: while

text: the

text: third

text: initiated

text: an

text: administrative

text: revolution

text: that

text: Gaddafi

text: proclaimed

text: would

text: remove

text: all

text: traces

text: of

text: bureaucracy

text: and

text: the

text: bourgeoisie

text: The

text: fourth

text: point

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: population

text: must

text: form

text: People

text: 's

text: Committees

text: and

text: be

text: armed

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: revolution

text: while

text: the

text: fifth

text: proclaimed

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: a

text: cultural

text: revolution

text: to

text: expunge

text: Libya

text: of

text: poisonous

text: foreign

text: influences

text: He

text: began

text: to

text: lecture

text: on

text: this

text: new

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

text: in

text: Libya

text: Egypt

text: and

text: France

question: On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a "Popular Revolution"?

answer: 16 April 1973

text: 16 April 1973

question: What type of revolution began as a result of the third point?

answer: administrative

text: administrative

question: What happened to Libya's laws as a result of the first point of Gaddafi's speech?

answer: dissolved

text: dissolved

question: How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have?

answer: 5

question: Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt


text: If a more consistent report with the genetic groups in the gradation of miscegenation is to be considered (e.g. that would not cluster people with a balanced degree of African and non-African ancestry in the black group instead of the multiracial one, unlike elsewhere in Latin America where people of high quantity of African descent tend to classify themselves as mixed), more people would report themselves as white and pardo in Brazil (47.7% and 42.4% of the population as of 2010, respectively), because by research its population is believed to have between 65 and 80% of autosomal European ancestry, in average (also >35% of European mt-DNA and >95% of European Y-DNA).

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: If

text: a

text: more

text: consistent

text: report

text: with

text: the

text: genetic

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: gradation

text: of

text: miscegenation

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: e.g.

text: that

text: would

text: not

text: cluster

text: people

text: with

text: a

text: balanced

text: degree

text: of

text: African

text: and

text: non

text: African

text: ancestry

text: in

text: the

text: black

text: group

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: multiracial

text: one

text: unlike

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: where

text: people

text: of

text: high

text: quantity

text: of

text: African

text: descent

text: tend

text: to

text: classify

text: themselves

text: as

text: mixed

text: more

text: people

text: would

text: report

text: themselves

text: as

text: white

text: and

text: pardo

text: in

text: Brazil

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: respectively

text: because

text: by

text: research

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: autosomal

text: European

text: ancestry

text: in

text: average

text: also

text: of

text: European

text: mt

text: DNA

text: and

text: of

text: European

text: Y

text: DNA

question: What would more people report themselves as if a more consistent report were considered?

answer: white

text: white

question: What do people with a high quality of African descent classify themselves as?

answer: mixed

text: mixed

question: Brazil's population is believed to have between what percentages of autosomal European ancestry?

answer: 65 and 80%

text: 65 and 80%

question: How much of the population of Brazil reported themselves as pardo in 2010?

answer: 42.4%

question: Brazil's population is thought to have greater than what percentage of European Y-DNA?

answer: 95%


text: Kublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that this conquest "marked the end of independent China," which was then incorporated into the Yuan dynasty that ruled China, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Siberia and Upper Burma. Morris Rossabi, a professor of Asian history at Queens College, City University of New York, writes that "Khubilai wished to be perceived both as the legitimate Khan of Khans of the Mongols and as the Emperor of China. Though he had, by the early 1260s, become closely identified with China, he still, for a time, claimed universal rule", and yet "despite his successes in China and Korea, Khubilai was unable to have himself accepted as the Great Khan". Thus, with such limited acceptance of his position as Great Khan, Kublai Khan increasingly became identified with China and sought support as Emperor of China.

title: Sino

title: Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: did

text: not

text: conquer

text: the

text: Song

text: dynasty

text: in

text: South

text: China

text: until

text: so

text: Tibet

text: was

text: a

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Mongol

text: Empire

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: combined

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: descendant

text: empires

text: with

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: China

text: under

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: Van

text: Praag

text: writes

text: that

text: this

text: conquest

text: marked

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: independent

text: China

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: that

text: ruled

text: China

text: Tibet

text: Mongolia

text: Korea

text: parts

text: of

text: Siberia

text: and

text: Upper

text: Burma

text: Morris

text: Rossabi

text: a

text: professor

text: of

text: Asian

text: history

text: at

text: Queens

text: College

text: City

text: University

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: writes

text: that

text: Khubilai

text: wished

text: to

text: be

text: perceived

text: both

text: as

text: the

text: legitimate

text: Khan

text: of

text: Khans

text: of

text: the

text: Mongols

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: China

text: Though

text: he

text: had

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: become

text: closely

text: identified

text: with

text: China

text: he

text: still

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: claimed

text: universal

text: rule

text: and

text: yet

text: despite

text: his

text: successes

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: Korea

text: Khubilai

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: have

text: himself

text: accepted

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Khan

text: Thus

text: with

text: such

text: limited

text: acceptance

text: of

text: his

text: position

text: as

text: Great

text: Khan

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: increasingly

text: became

text: identified

text: with

text: China

text: and

text: sought

text: support

text: as

text: Emperor

text: of

text: China

question: When did Kublai Khan conquer the song dynasty?

answer: 1279

question: When did the Yuan dynasty rule?

answer: 1271–1368

question: Which dynasty ruled all of china?

answer: the Yuan dynasty

text: the Yuan dynasty

question: What did Khubilai claim for a while?

answer: universal rule

text: universal rule

question: Where did Khubilai seek support as Emperor?

answer: China

text: China