text: In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children while the French refused to protect their captives. French naval deployments in 1757 also successfully defended the key Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: captured

text: forts

text: Oswego

text: and

text: William

text: Henry

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: The

text: latter

text: victory

text: was

text: marred

text: when

text: France

text: 's

text: native

text: allies

text: broke

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: capitulation

text: and

text: attacked

text: the

text: retreating

text: British

text: column

text: which

text: was

text: under

text: French

text: guard

text: slaughtering

text: and

text: scalping

text: soldiers

text: and

text: taking

text: captive

text: many

text: men

text: women

text: and

text: children

text: while

text: the

text: French

text: refused

text: to

text: protect

text: their

text: captives

text: French

text: naval

text: deployments

text: in

text: also

text: successfully

text: defended

text: the

text: key

text: Fortress

text: of

text: Louisbourg

text: on

text: Cape

text: Breton

text: Island

text: securing

text: the

text: seaward

text: approaches

text: to

text: Quebec

question: Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry?

answer: France's native allies

text: France's native allies

question: How did the French guard respond to the attack on the prisoners?

answer: the French refused to protect their captives

text: the French refused to protect their captives

question: How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners?

answer: slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children

text: slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children

question: How did the French defend the Fortress of Louisbourg?

answer: French naval deployments

text: French naval deployments

question: What Canadian area had is seaward side protected by the defense of the Fortress of Louisbourg?

answer: securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.

text: securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.


text: The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment. Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery, while other poems were written directly about scientific topics. Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books (1712). After Newton's death in 1727, poems were composed in his honour for decades. James Thomson (1700–1748) penned his "Poem to the Memory of Newton," which mourned the loss of Newton, but also praised his science and legacy.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: science

text: also

text: began

text: appearing

text: more

text: commonly

text: in

text: poetry

text: and

text: literature

text: during

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: Some

text: poetry

text: became

text: infused

text: with

text: scientific

text: metaphor

text: and

text: imagery

text: while

text: other

text: poems

text: were

text: written

text: directly

text: about

text: scientific

text: topics

text: Sir

text: Richard

text: Blackmore

text: committed

text: the

text: Newtonian

text: system

text: to

text: verse

text: in

text: Creation

text: a

text: Philosophical

text: Poem

text: in

text: Seven

text: Books

text: After

text: Newton

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: poems

text: were

text: composed

text: in

text: his

text: honour

text: for

text: decades

text: James

text: Thomson

text: penned

text: his

text: Poem

text: to

text: the

text: Memory

text: of

text: Newton

text: which

text: mourned

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: Newton

text: but

text: also

text: praised

text: his

text: science

text: and

text: legacy

question: What kind of topics began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment?

answer: scientific topics

text: scientific topics

question: Who penned a poem called "Poem to the Memory of Newton" to mourn the loss and praise the legacy of Newton?

answer: James Thomson

text: James Thomson

question: Sir Richard Blackmore committed what system to verse in Creation?

answer: Newtonian system

text: Newtonian system

question: What year was Newton's death?

answer: 1727

question: Who wrote "Poem to the Memory of Newton?"

answer: James Thomson

text: James Thomson

question: In what year did Newton die?

answer: 1727

question: Whose death in 1727 prompted poems to be written in his honour for decades?

answer: Newton

text: Newton

question: Who wrote Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books?

answer: Sir Richard Blackmore

text: Sir Richard Blackmore

question: In what year was Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books written?

answer: 1712


text: The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: people

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: names

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: locations

text: and

text: cultures

text: Although

text: the

text: Greeks

text: call

text: the

text: country

text: Hellas

text: or

text: Ellada

text: Greek

text: Ἑλλάς

text: or

text: Ελλάδα

text: and

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: is

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Republic

text: in

text: English

text: it

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Greece

text: which

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: term

text: Graecia

text: as

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: which

text: literally

text: means

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: and

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: name

text: Γραικός.

text: However

text: the

text: name

text: Hellas

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: well

question: What is one of the names the Greeks call their country?

answer: Hellas

text: Hellas

question: What is the official name of Greece?

answer: Hellenic Republic

text: Hellenic Republic

question: From what word is Greece derived?

answer: Graecia

text: Graecia

question: What does the work Graecia mean?

answer: the land of the Greeks

text: the land of the Greeks

question: Who called Greece Graecia?

answer: Romans

text: Romans


text: Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja languages are part of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic family.[citation needed] Unlike neighboring West Africa and the central governments of the states that comprise the Sahara, the French language bears little relevance to inter-personal discourse and commerce within the region, its people retaining staunch ethnic and political affiliations with Tuareg and Berber leaders and culture. The legacy of the French colonial era administration is primarily manifested in the territorial reorganization enacted by the Third and Fourth republics, which engendered artificial political divisions within a hitherto isolated and porous region. Diplomacy with local clients was primarily conducted in Arabic, which was the traditional language of bureaucratic affairs. Mediation of disputes and inter-agency communication was served by interpreters contracted by the French government, who, according to Keenan, "documented a space of intercultural mediation," contributing much to preserving indigenous cultural identities in the region.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: Arabic

text: dialects

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: Sahara

text: The

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Hills

text: of

text: southeastern

text: Egypt

text: and

text: eastern

text: Sudan

text: Arabic

text: Berber

text: and

text: its

text: variants

text: now

text: regrouped

text: under

text: the

text: term

text: Amazigh

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Guanche

text: language

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: original

text: Berber

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: and

text: Beja

text: languages

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Afro

text: Asiatic

text: or

text: Hamito

text: Semitic

text: family.[citation

text: needed

text: Unlike

text: neighboring

text: West

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: central

text: governments

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: that

text: comprise

text: the

text: Sahara

text: the

text: French

text: language

text: bears

text: little

text: relevance

text: to

text: inter

text: personal

text: discourse

text: and

text: commerce

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: its

text: people

text: retaining

text: staunch

text: ethnic

text: and

text: political

text: affiliations

text: with

text: Tuareg

text: and

text: Berber

text: leaders

text: and

text: culture

text: The

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: colonial

text: era

text: administration

text: is

text: primarily

text: manifested

text: in

text: the

text: territorial

text: reorganization

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: Third

text: and

text: Fourth

text: republics

text: which

text: engendered

text: artificial

text: political

text: divisions

text: within

text: a

text: hitherto

text: isolated

text: and

text: porous

text: region

text: Diplomacy

text: with

text: local

text: clients

text: was

text: primarily

text: conducted

text: in

text: Arabic

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: traditional

text: language

text: of

text: bureaucratic

text: affairs

text: Mediation

text: of

text: disputes

text: and

text: inter

text: agency

text: communication

text: was

text: served

text: by

text: interpreters

text: contracted

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: who

text: according

text: to

text: Keenan

text: documented

text: a

text: space

text: of

text: intercultural

text: mediation

text: contributing

text: much

text: to

text: preserving

text: indigenous

text: cultural

text: identities

text: in

text: the

text: region

question: What is the most common dialect spoken in the Sahara?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: What language is mainly spoken in West Africa?

answer: French

text: French

question: What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic


text: Antigonus II, a student of Zeno of Citium, spent most of his rule defending Macedon against Epirus and cementing Macedonian power in Greece, first against the Athenians in the Chremonidean War, and then against the Achaean League of Aratus of Sicyon. Under the Antigonids, Macedonia was often short on funds, the Pangaeum mines were no longer as productive as under Philip II, the wealth from Alexander's campaigns had been used up and the countryside pillaged by the Gallic invasion. A large number of the Macedonian population had also been resettled abroad by Alexander or had chosen to emigrate to the new eastern Greek cities. Up to two thirds of the population emigrated, and the Macedonian army could only count on a levy of 25,000 men, a significantly smaller force than under Philip II.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Antigonus

text: II

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: Zeno

text: of

text: Citium

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: rule

text: defending

text: Macedon

text: against

text: Epirus

text: and

text: cementing

text: Macedonian

text: power

text: in

text: Greece

text: first

text: against

text: the

text: Athenians

text: in

text: the

text: Chremonidean

text: War

text: and

text: then

text: against

text: the

text: Achaean

text: League

text: of

text: Aratus

text: of

text: Sicyon

text: Under

text: the

text: Antigonids

text: Macedonia

text: was

text: often

text: short

text: on

text: funds

text: the

text: Pangaeum

text: mines

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: as

text: productive

text: as

text: under

text: Philip

text: II

text: the

text: wealth

text: from

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: campaigns

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: up

text: and

text: the

text: countryside

text: pillaged

text: by

text: the

text: Gallic

text: invasion

text: A

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: population

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: resettled

text: abroad

text: by

text: Alexander

text: or

text: had

text: chosen

text: to

text: emigrate

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: eastern

text: Greek

text: cities

text: Up

text: to

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: emigrated

text: and

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: army

text: could

text: only

text: count

text: on

text: a

text: levy

text: of

text: men

text: a

text: significantly

text: smaller

text: force

text: than

text: under

text: Philip

text: II

question: What war did Antigonus II fight Athenians?

answer: Chremonidean War

text: Chremonidean War

question: What mines decreased in production under the Antigonids?

answer: Pangaeum

text: Pangaeum

question: How large was the Macedonian army under the Antigonids?

answer: 25,000 men

text: 25,000 men

question: Who taught Antigonus II?

answer: Zeno of Citium

text: Zeno of Citium

question: Who did Antigonus II defend against?

answer: Epirus

text: Epirus


text: Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Cognitive

text: anthropology

text: seeks

text: to

text: explain

text: patterns

text: of

text: shared

text: knowledge

text: cultural

text: innovation

text: and

text: transmission

text: over

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: using

text: the

text: methods

text: and

text: theories

text: of

text: the

text: cognitive

text: sciences

text: especially

text: experimental

text: psychology

text: and

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: often

text: through

text: close

text: collaboration

text: with

text: historians

text: ethnographers

text: archaeologists

text: linguists

text: musicologists

text: and

text: other

text: specialists

text: engaged

text: in

text: the

text: description

text: and

text: interpretation

text: of

text: cultural

text: forms

text: Cognitive

text: anthropology

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: what

text: people

text: from

text: different

text: groups

text: know

text: and

text: how

text: that

text: implicit

text: knowledge

text: changes

text: the

text: way

text: people

text: perceive

text: and

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: around

text: them

question: What type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge?

answer: Cognitive

text: Cognitive

question: What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation?

answer: cognitive sciences

text: cognitive sciences

question: What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science?

answer: experimental psychology and evolutionary biology

text: experimental psychology and evolutionary biology

question: Cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what?

answer: implicit knowledge

text: implicit knowledge


text: From the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never really managed, however, to win over the masses, the vast majority of whom continued to speak their German dialects and write in German (which we would now call "standard German").[citation needed]

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: From

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Alsace

text: by

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: language

text: policy

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: up

text: to

text: knowledge

text: of

text: French

text: in

text: Alsace

text: increased

text: considerably

text: With

text: the

text: education

text: reforms

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: middle

text: classes

text: began

text: to

text: speak

text: and

text: write

text: French

text: well

text: The

text: French

text: language

text: never

text: really

text: managed

text: however

text: to

text: win

text: over

text: the

text: masses

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: continued

text: to

text: speak

text: their

text: German

text: dialects

text: and

text: write

text: in

text: German

text: which

text: we

text: would

text: now

text: call

text: standard

text: German").[citation

text: needed

question: Around when did the Annexation of Alsace occur?

answer: 17th century

text: 17th century

question: With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace?

answer: middle classes began to speak and write French

text: middle classes began to speak and write French

question: What is now the German dialects of speech now referred as to?

answer: standard German

text: standard German


text: While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga, the prime minister of Tuvalu, said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise "should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself. For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the [rest of] world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing."

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: While

text: some

text: commentators

text: have

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: relocation

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: 's

text: population

text: to

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: or

text: Kioa

text: in

text: Fiji

text: in

text: Maatia

text: Toafa

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: from

text: said

text: his

text: government

text: did

text: not

text: regard

text: rising

text: sea

text: levels

text: as

text: such

text: a

text: threat

text: that

text: the

text: entire

text: population

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: evacuated

text: In

text: Enele

text: Sopoaga

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: said

text: that

text: relocating

text: Tuvaluans

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: should

text: never

text: be

text: an

text: option

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: self

text: defeating

text: in

text: itself

text: For

text: Tuvalu

text: I

text: think

text: we

text: really

text: need

text: to

text: mobilise

text: public

text: opinion

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: world

text: to

text: really

text: talk

text: to

text: their

text: lawmakers

text: to

text: please

text: have

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: moral

text: obligation

text: and

text: things

text: like

text: that

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: right

text: thing

question: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?

answer: relocation

text: relocation

question: What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population?

answer: rising sea levels

text: rising sea levels

question: When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu?

answer: 2006

question: What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be?

answer: never be an option

text: never be an option


text: In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: In

text: addition

text: Federal

text: Records

text: Centers

text: exist

text: in

text: each

text: region

text: that

text: house

text: materials

text: owned

text: by

text: Federal

text: agencies

text: Federal

text: Records

text: Centers

text: are

text: not

text: open

text: for

text: public

text: research

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: FRC

text: in

text: Lenexa

text: Kansas

text: holds

text: items

text: from

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: after

text: his

text: fatal

text: shooting

text: in

question: Where are some of the items relevant to JFKs medical treatments housed?

answer: Federal Records Centers

text: Federal Records Centers

question: Federal Records Centers are particularly unhelpful to what type of research?

answer: public

text: public

question: Which Federal Records Center houses materials relevant to JFKs assassination?

answer: FRC in Lenexa, Kansas

text: FRC in Lenexa, Kansas

question: When was JFK shot?

answer: 1963


text: In British English, the word 'asphalt' is used to refer to a mixture of mineral aggregate and asphalt/bitumen (also called tarmac in common parlance). When bitumen is mixed with clay it is usually called asphaltum. The earlier word 'asphaltum' is now archaic and not commonly used.[citation needed] In American English, 'asphalt' is equivalent to the British 'bitumen'. However, 'asphalt' is also commonly used as a shortened form of 'asphalt concrete' (therefore equivalent to the British 'asphalt' or 'tarmac'). In Australian English, bitumen is often used as the generic term for road surfaces. In Canadian English, the word bitumen is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil, while asphalt is used for the oil refinery product used to pave roads and manufacture roof shingles and various waterproofing products. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as dilbit in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as syncrude and syncrude blended with bitumen as synbit. Bitumen is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Bituminous rock is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: In

text: British

text: English

text: the

text: word

text: asphalt

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: mineral

text: aggregate

text: and

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: also

text: called

text: tarmac

text: in

text: common

text: parlance

text: When

text: bitumen

text: is

text: mixed

text: with

text: clay

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: called

text: asphaltum

text: The

text: earlier

text: word

text: asphaltum

text: is

text: now

text: archaic

text: and

text: not

text: commonly

text: used.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: American

text: English

text: asphalt

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: bitumen

text: However

text: asphalt

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: shortened

text: form

text: of

text: asphalt

text: concrete

text: therefore

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: asphalt

text: or

text: tarmac

text: In

text: Australian

text: English

text: bitumen

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: for

text: road

text: surfaces

text: In

text: Canadian

text: English

text: the

text: word

text: bitumen

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: vast

text: Canadian

text: deposits

text: of

text: extremely

text: heavy

text: crude

text: oil

text: while

text: asphalt

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: oil

text: refinery

text: product

text: used

text: to

text: pave

text: roads

text: and

text: manufacture

text: roof

text: shingles

text: and

text: various

text: waterproofing

text: products

text: Diluted

text: bitumen

text: diluted

text: with

text: naphtha

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: flow

text: in

text: pipelines

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: dilbit

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: petroleum

text: industry

text: while

text: bitumen

text: upgraded

text: to

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: syncrude

text: and

text: syncrude

text: blended

text: with

text: bitumen

text: as

text: synbit

text: Bitumen

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: preferred

text: geological

text: term

text: for

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: deposits

text: of

text: the

text: solid

text: or

text: semi

text: solid

text: form

text: of

text: petroleum

text: Bituminous

text: rock

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: sandstone

text: impregnated

text: with

text: bitumen

text: The

text: tar

text: sands

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: are

text: a

text: similar

text: material

question: To what type of aggregate did asphalt used to refer?

answer: mixture

text: mixture

question: What is the mixture of bitumen and minerals called?

answer: tarmac

text: tarmac

question: When mixed wit clay, what is bitumen called?

answer: asphaltum

text: asphaltum

question: With what word in America, is bitumen used interchangeably?

answer: 'asphalt

text: 'asphalt

question: What is the geological term for asphalt?

answer: Bitumen

text: Bitumen


text: To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. According to the botanical criteria of Frank White and geographer Robert Capot-Rey, the northern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the northern limit of date palm cultivation and the southern limit of the range of esparto, a grass typical of the Mediterranean climate portion of the Maghreb and Iberia. The northern limit also corresponds to the 100 mm (3.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Sahara

text: skirts

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: portions

text: of

text: Libya

text: but

text: in

text: Cyrenaica

text: and

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: the

text: Sahara

text: borders

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: forest

text: woodland

text: and

text: scrub

text: ecoregions

text: of

text: northern

text: Africa

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: a

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: characterized

text: by

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: cool

text: and

text: rainy

text: winters

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: botanical

text: criteria

text: of

text: Frank

text: White

text: and

text: geographer

text: Robert

text: Capot

text: Rey

text: the

text: northern

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: limit

text: of

text: date

text: palm

text: cultivation

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: esparto

text: a

text: grass

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: and

text: Iberia

text: The

text: northern

text: limit

text: also

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: mm

text: in

text: isohyet

text: of

text: annual

text: precipitation

question: What sea is North of the Sahara Desert?

answer: Mediterranean Sea

text: Mediterranean Sea


text: In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907–1912. Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: In

text: Bell

text: experimented

text: with

text: tetrahedral

text: box

text: kites

text: and

text: wings

text: constructed

text: of

text: multiple

text: compound

text: tetrahedral

text: kites

text: covered

text: in

text: maroon

text: silk.[N

text: The

text: tetrahedral

text: wings

text: were

text: named

text: Cygnet

text: I

text: II

text: and

text: III

text: and

text: were

text: flown

text: both

text: unmanned

text: and

text: manned

text: Cygnet

text: I

text: crashed

text: during

text: a

text: flight

text: carrying

text: Selfridge

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: Some

text: of

text: Bell

text: 's

text: kites

text: are

text: on

text: display

text: at

text: the

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: Bell

text: National

text: Historic

text: Site

question: What color silk covered Bell's kites?

answer: maroon

text: maroon

question: Who was on Cygnet I when it crashed?

answer: Selfridge

text: Selfridge

question: Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year?

answer: 1912

question: How many tetrahedral wings did Bell create?

answer: 3

question: Some of the kites remain at what National Historic Site?

answer: Alexander Graham Bell

text: Alexander Graham Bell


text: During the 12th century, the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. In most cases this was Westminster, although the royal treasury, having been moved from Winchester, came to rest in the Tower. While the City of Westminster developed into a true capital in governmental terms, its distinct neighbour, the City of London, remained England's largest city and principal commercial centre, and it flourished under its own unique administration, the Corporation of London. In 1100, its population was around 18,000; by 1300 it had grown to nearly 100,000.

title: London

title: London

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: central

text: government

text: which

text: had

text: hitherto

text: accompanied

text: the

text: royal

text: English

text: court

text: as

text: it

text: moved

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: grew

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: sophistication

text: and

text: became

text: increasingly

text: fixed

text: in

text: one

text: place

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: this

text: was

text: Westminster

text: although

text: the

text: royal

text: treasury

text: having

text: been

text: moved

text: from

text: Winchester

text: came

text: to

text: rest

text: in

text: the

text: Tower

text: While

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: true

text: capital

text: in

text: governmental

text: terms

text: its

text: distinct

text: neighbour

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: remained

text: England

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: principal

text: commercial

text: centre

text: and

text: it

text: flourished

text: under

text: its

text: own

text: unique

text: administration

text: the

text: Corporation

text: of

text: London

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: around

text: by

text: it

text: had

text: grown

text: to

text: nearly

question: What was the administration which governed the City of London called?

answer: the Corporation of London

text: the Corporation of London

question: In the 12th century, where were the various bodies of English government centrally located for the most part?

answer: Westminster

text: Westminster

question: Where was the royal treasury housed?

answer: the Tower

text: the Tower

question: Before being centrally located, how was the English government handled in terms of location?

answer: accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country

text: accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country


text: Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome). As a result, in an attempt to reduce Roman influence in the Balkans, Philip allied himself with Carthage after Hannibal had dealt the Romans a massive defeat at the Battle of Cannae (216 BC) during the Second Punic War. Forcing the Romans to fight on another front when they were at a nadir of manpower gained Philip the lasting enmity of the Romans; the only real result from the somewhat insubstantial First Macedonian War (215–202 BC).

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Roman

text: entanglement

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: began

text: when

text: Illyrian

text: piratical

text: raids

text: on

text: Roman

text: merchants

text: led

text: to

text: invasions

text: of

text: Illyria

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Illyrian

text: Wars

text: Tension

text: between

text: Macedon

text: and

text: Rome

text: increased

text: when

text: the

text: young

text: king

text: of

text: Macedon

text: Philip

text: V

text: harbored

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: chief

text: pirates

text: Demetrius

text: of

text: Pharos

text: a

text: former

text: client

text: of

text: Rome

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: reduce

text: Roman

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Philip

text: allied

text: himself

text: with

text: Carthage

text: after

text: Hannibal

text: had

text: dealt

text: the

text: Romans

text: a

text: massive

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Cannae

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: Forcing

text: the

text: Romans

text: to

text: fight

text: on

text: another

text: front

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: at

text: a

text: nadir

text: of

text: manpower

text: gained

text: Philip

text: the

text: lasting

text: enmity

text: of

text: the

text: Romans

text: the

text: only

text: real

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: somewhat

text: insubstantial

text: First

text: Macedonian

text: War

text: BC

question: Illyrian pirates caused two wars in the Balkans with what Empire?

answer: Roman

text: Roman

question: What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos?

answer: Philip V

text: Philip V

question: Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae?

answer: the Romans

text: the Romans

question: When was the Battle of Cannae?

answer: 216 BC

text: 216 BC

question: In what war was the Battle of Cannae?

answer: Second Punic War

text: Second Punic War


text: According to Hampshire Constabulary figures, Southampton is currently safer than it has ever been before, with dramatic reductions in violent crime year on year for the last three years. Data from the Southampton Safer City Partnership shows there has been a reduction in all crimes in recent years and an increase in crime detection rates. According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average. There is some controversy regarding comparative crime statisitics due to inconsistencies between different police forces recording methodologies. For example, in Hampshire all reported incidents are recorded and all records then retained. However, in neighbouring Dorset crimes reports withdrawn or shown to be false are not recorded, reducing apparent crime figures. In the violence against the person category, the national average is 16.7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 42.4 per 1000 population. In the theft from a vehicle category, the national average is 7.6 per 1000 compared to Southampton's 28.4 per 1000. Overall, for every 1,000 people in the city, 202 crimes are recorded. Hampshire Constabulary's figures for 2009/10 show fewer incidents of recorded crime in Southampton than the previous year.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: According

text: to

text: Hampshire

text: Constabulary

text: figures

text: Southampton

text: is

text: currently

text: safer

text: than

text: it

text: has

text: ever

text: been

text: before

text: with

text: dramatic

text: reductions

text: in

text: violent

text: crime

text: year

text: on

text: year

text: for

text: the

text: last

text: three

text: years

text: Data

text: from

text: the

text: Southampton

text: Safer

text: City

text: Partnership

text: shows

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: all

text: crimes

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: and

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: crime

text: detection

text: rates

text: According

text: to

text: government

text: figures

text: Southampton

text: has

text: a

text: higher

text: crime

text: rate

text: than

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: There

text: is

text: some

text: controversy

text: regarding

text: comparative

text: crime

text: statisitics

text: due

text: to

text: inconsistencies

text: between

text: different

text: police

text: forces

text: recording

text: methodologies

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: Hampshire

text: all

text: reported

text: incidents

text: are

text: recorded

text: and

text: all

text: records

text: then

text: retained

text: However

text: in

text: neighbouring

text: Dorset

text: crimes

text: reports

text: withdrawn

text: or

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: are

text: not

text: recorded

text: reducing

text: apparent

text: crime

text: figures

text: In

text: the

text: violence

text: against

text: the

text: person

text: category

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: is

text: per

text: population

text: while

text: Southampton

text: is

text: per

text: population

text: In

text: the

text: theft

text: from

text: a

text: vehicle

text: category

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: is

text: per

text: compared

text: to

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: per

text: Overall

text: for

text: every

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: crimes

text: are

text: recorded

text: Hampshire

text: Constabulary

text: 's

text: figures

text: for

text: show

text: fewer

text: incidents

text: of

text: recorded

text: crime

text: in

text: Southampton

text: than

text: the

text: previous

text: year

question: How many crimes overall are reported for each 1,000 people in Southampton?

answer: 202

question: Did Hampshire Constabulary record fewer or more crime incidents in 2009/10 than the year before?

answer: fewer

text: fewer

question: For how many consecutive years has violent crime in Southampton decreased?

answer: three

text: three

question: Is Southampton's crime rate higher or lower than the national average?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: Which statistics are debated because of the different ways various police forces record crime?

answer: comparative crime statisitics

text: comparative crime statisitics


text: The Downtown District is the home of the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south Los Angeles). Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to stroll, congregate, shop and enjoy street performers. Santa Monica Place, featuring Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom in a three-level outdoor environment, is located at the south end of the Promenade. After a period of redevelopment, the mall reopened in the fall of 2010 as a modern shopping, entertainment and dining complex with more outdoor space.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: The

text: Downtown

text: District

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Street

text: Promenade

text: a

text: major

text: outdoor

text: pedestrian

text: only

text: shopping

text: district

text: that

text: stretches

text: for

text: three

text: blocks

text: between

text: Wilshire

text: Blvd

text: and

text: Broadway

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: Broadway

text: in

text: downtown

text: and

text: south

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Third

text: Street

text: is

text: closed

text: to

text: vehicles

text: for

text: those

text: three

text: blocks

text: to

text: allow

text: people

text: to

text: stroll

text: congregate

text: shop

text: and

text: enjoy

text: street

text: performers

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Place

text: featuring

text: Bloomingdale

text: 's

text: and

text: Nordstrom

text: in

text: a

text: three

text: level

text: outdoor

text: environment

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Promenade

text: After

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: redevelopment

text: the

text: mall

text: reopened

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: as

text: a

text: modern

text: shopping

text: entertainment

text: and

text: dining

text: complex

text: with

text: more

text: outdoor

text: space

question: The Third Street Promenade is located in what part of Santa Monica?

answer: Downtown District

text: Downtown District

question: How large is the Third Street Promenade?

answer: three blocks

text: three blocks

question: What is Third Street access shut off from?

answer: vehicles

text: vehicles

question: What two major department stores are located at the Third Street Promenade?

answer: Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom

text: Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom

question: What year did the mall reopen?

answer: 2010


text: Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation). Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Today

text: nearly

text: all

text: commonly

text: used

text: video

text: compression

text: methods

text: e.g.

text: those

text: in

text: standards

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: ITU

text: T

text: or

text: ISO

text: apply

text: a

text: discrete

text: cosine

text: transform

text: DCT

text: for

text: spatial

text: redundancy

text: reduction

text: The

text: DCT

text: that

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: N.

text: Ahmed

text: T.

text: Natarajan

text: and

text: K.

text: R.

text: Rao

text: in

text: Other

text: methods

text: such

text: as

text: fractal

text: compression

text: matching

text: pursuit

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: discrete

text: wavelet

text: transform

text: DWT

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: some

text: research

text: but

text: are

text: typically

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: practical

text: products

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: wavelet

text: coding

text: as

text: still

text: image

text: coders

text: without

text: motion

text: compensation

text: Interest

text: in

text: fractal

text: compression

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: waning

text: due

text: to

text: recent

text: theoretical

text: analysis

text: showing

text: a

text: comparative

text: lack

text: of

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: such

text: methods

question: What do all commonly used video compression methods use?

answer: discrete cosine transform

text: discrete cosine transform

question: What does a DCT do?

answer: spatial redundancy reduction

text: spatial redundancy reduction

question: What is not used in practical products?

answer: fractal compression

text: fractal compression


text: In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: In

text: Espanyol

text: started

text: a

text: counter

text: petition

text: against

text: autonomy

text: which

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: pertinent

text: issue

text: Later

text: on

text: an

text: Espanyol

text: supporter

text: group

text: would

text: join

text: the

text: Falangists

text: in

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: siding

text: with

text: the

text: fascists

text: Despite

text: these

text: differences

text: in

text: ideology

text: the

text: derbi

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: more

text: relevant

text: to

text: Espanyol

text: supporters

text: than

text: Barcelona

text: ones

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: objectives

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: rivalry

text: has

text: become

text: less

text: political

text: as

text: Espanyol

text: translated

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: and

text: anthem

text: from

text: Spanish

text: to

text: Catalan

question: When did Espanyol  offer a counter-petition against autonomy?

answer: 1918

question: Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?

answer: Falangists

text: Falangists

question: What event is more relevant to Espanyol supporters than to Barcelona fans?

answer: derbi

text: derbi

question: From what language did Espanyol translate their name?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: How has the rivalry between Espanyol and Barcelona  changed?

answer: less political

text: less political


text: Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases. Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines consisting of purified components, including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates, to protein carriers, as well as inactivated toxins (toxoids) and proteins.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: Vaccines

text: rely

text: on

text: immune

text: modulation

text: or

text: augmentation

text: Vaccination

text: either

text: excites

text: or

text: reinforces

text: the

text: immune

text: competence

text: of

text: a

text: host

text: to

text: ward

text: off

text: infection

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: macrophages

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: antibodies

text: inflammation

text: and

text: other

text: classic

text: immune

text: reactions

text: Antibacterial

text: vaccines

text: have

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: a

text: drastic

text: reduction

text: in

text: global

text: bacterial

text: diseases

text: Vaccines

text: made

text: from

text: attenuated

text: whole

text: cells

text: or

text: lysates

text: have

text: been

text: replaced

text: largely

text: by

text: less

text: reactogenic

text: cell

text: free

text: vaccines

text: consisting

text: of

text: purified

text: components

text: including

text: capsular

text: polysaccharides

text: and

text: their

text: conjugates

text: to

text: protein

text: carriers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: inactivated

text: toxins

text: toxoids

text: and

text: proteins

question: What do vaccines need to work?

answer: immune modulation or augmentation

text: immune modulation or augmentation

question: What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives?

answer: Antibacterial vaccines

text: Antibacterial vaccines

question: What types of vaccines have been phased out?

answer: Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates

text: Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates


text: On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: On

text: January

text: Apple

text: reported

text: the

text: best

text: quarter

text: revenue

text: and

text: earnings

text: in

text: Apple

text: 's

text: history

text: so

text: far

text: Apple

text: posted

text: record

text: revenue

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: and

text: record

text: net

text: quarterly

text: profit

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: revenue

text: for

text: the

text: First

text: fiscal

text: quarter

text: of

text: came

text: from

text: iPod

text: sales

text: followed

text: by

text: from

text: notebook

text: sales

text: and

text: from

text: desktop

text: sales

question: When did Apple reveal it had achieved its highest quarterly earnings to date?

answer: January 22, 2008

text: January 22, 2008

question: What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008?

answer: $1.58 billion

text: $1.58 billion

question: How much of Apple's revenue resulted from purchases of laptop computers in Q1 2008?

answer: 21%

question: What percentage of Apples revenue in 1Q08 came from iPods, more than doubling the percentage of notebook sales?

answer: 42%


text: Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his "harmonic telegraph".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Returning

text: home

text: to

text: Brantford

text: after

text: six

text: months

text: abroad

text: Bell

text: continued

text: his

text: experiments

text: with

text: his

text: harmonic

text: telegraph".[N

text: The

text: basic

text: concept

text: behind

text: his

text: device

text: was

text: that

text: messages

text: could

text: be

text: sent

text: through

text: a

text: single

text: wire

text: if

text: each

text: message

text: was

text: transmitted

text: at

text: a

text: different

text: pitch

text: but

text: work

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: transmitter

text: and

text: receiver

text: was

text: needed

question: How many wires did Bell send a signal through?

answer: 1

question: For  his system to work, Bell had to change what about each code?

answer: pitch

text: pitch

question: Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what?

answer: receiver

text: receiver

question: Where was Bell's home?

answer: Brantford

text: Brantford


text: Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual assault" on rock tradition. Artists embraced electronic music, black dance styles and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature. Accompanying these musical developments were subcultures that produced visual art, multimedia performances, independent record labels and fanzines in conjunction with the music.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: Post

text: punk

text: is

text: a

text: heterogeneous

text: type

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: punk

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: Drawing

text: inspiration

text: from

text: elements

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: while

text: departing

text: from

text: its

text: musical

text: conventions

text: and

text: wider

text: cultural

text: affiliations

text: post

text: punk

text: music

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: varied

text: experimentalist

text: sensibilities

text: and

text: its

text: conceptual

text: assault

text: on

text: rock

text: tradition

text: Artists

text: embraced

text: electronic

text: music

text: black

text: dance

text: styles

text: and

text: the

text: avant

text: garde

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: novel

text: recording

text: technology

text: and

text: production

text: techniques

text: The

text: movement

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: frequent

text: intersection

text: of

text: music

text: with

text: art

text: and

text: politics

text: as

text: artists

text: liberally

text: drew

text: on

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: critical

text: theory

text: cinema

text: performance

text: art

text: and

text: modernist

text: literature

text: Accompanying

text: these

text: musical

text: developments

text: were

text: subcultures

text: that

text: produced

text: visual

text: art

text: multimedia

text: performances

text: independent

text: record

text: labels

text: and

text: fanzines

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: music

question: What is post-punk?

answer: heterogeneous type of rock music

text: heterogeneous type of rock music

question: When did post-punk arrive on the scene?

answer: in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s

text: in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s

question: What did post-punk artists use in their music?

answer: critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature

text: critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature

question: What began to spring up around the post-punk music?

answer: independent record labels and fanzines

text: independent record labels and fanzines

question: How did post-punk take on rock and roll?

answer: conceptual assault

text: conceptual assault

question: When was the original punk movement?

answer: 1970s

question: What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?

answer: Post-punk

text: Post-punk

question: What elements of punk rock did post-punk depart from?

answer: musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations

text: musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations

question: What subject matter does post-punk commonly mesh its musical sensibilities with?

answer: art and politics

text: art and politics

question: What developed along with the music developments of post-punk?

answer: subcultures

text: subcultures


text: The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: The

text: Lutherans

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: Protestant

text: Church

text: offering

text: a

text: dialogue

text: to

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: in

text: September

text: in

text: Reykjavík

text: Iceland

text: It

text: resulted

text: in

text: joint

text: study

text: groups

text: of

text: several

text: issues

text: The

text: dialogue

text: with

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

text: began

text: October

text: after

text: its

text: representatives

text: officially

text: applauded

text: remarkable

text: changes

text: friendship

text: and

text: cooperation

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: five

text: years

text: The

text: Reformed

text: Churches

text: entered

text: four

text: years

text: later

text: into

text: a

text: dialogue

text: with

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: World

text: Federation

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: committee

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Council

text: of

text: Churches

text: Fredrik

text: A.

text: Schiotz

text: stated

text: during

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: Reformation

text: that

text: earlier

text: commemorations

text: were

text: viewed

text: almost

text: as

text: a

text: triumph

text: Reformation

text: should

text: be

text: celebrated

text: as

text: a

text: thanksgiving

text: to

text: God

text: his

text: truth

text: and

text: his

text: renewed

text: life

text: He

text: welcomed

text: the

text: announcement

text: of

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: Apostle

text: Peter

text: and

text: Apostle

text: Paul

text: and

text: promised

text: the

text: participation

text: and

text: cooperation

text: in

text: the

text: festivities

question: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland?

answer: Lutherans

text: Lutherans

question: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church?

answer: 1965

question: In what year did the Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Lutheran church?

answer: 1964

question: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation?

answer: Fredrik A. Schiotz

text: Fredrik A. Schiotz

question: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?

answer: God

text: God


text: The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: The

text: first

text: web

text: browser

text: was

text: invented

text: in

text: by

text: Sir

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: is

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: Consortium

text: which

text: oversees

text: the

text: Web

text: 's

text: continued

text: development

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: Foundation

text: His

text: browser

text: was

text: called

text: WorldWideWeb

text: and

text: later

text: renamed

text: Nexus

question: When was the first browser created?

answer: 1990

question: Who invented the first browser?

answer: Sir Tim Berners-Lee

text: Sir Tim Berners-Lee

question: What was Berners-Lee a director of?

answer: the World Wide Web Consortium

text: the World Wide Web Consortium

question: What organization did Berners-Lee create?

answer: World Wide Web Foundation

text: World Wide Web Foundation


text: The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the natural wealth of Florida were published in England. A large number of British colonists who were "energetic and of good character" moved to Florida, mostly coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: The

text: British

text: divided

text: Florida

text: into

text: the

text: two

text: colonies

text: of

text: British

text: East

text: Florida

text: and

text: British

text: West

text: Florida

text: The

text: British

text: government

text: gave

text: land

text: grants

text: to

text: officers

text: and

text: soldiers

text: who

text: had

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Indian

text: War

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: encourage

text: settlement

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: induce

text: settlers

text: to

text: move

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: new

text: colonies

text: reports

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: wealth

text: of

text: Florida

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: England

text: A

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: British

text: colonists

text: who

text: were

text: energetic

text: and

text: of

text: good

text: character

text: moved

text: to

text: Florida

text: mostly

text: coming

text: from

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Georgia

text: and

text: England

text: though

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: settlers

text: who

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: colony

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: This

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: permanent

text: English

text: speaking

text: population

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Duval

text: County

text: Baker

text: County

text: St.

text: Johns

text: County

text: and

text: Nassau

text: County

text: The

text: British

text: built

text: good

text: public

text: roads

text: and

text: introduced

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: sugar

text: cane

text: indigo

text: and

text: fruits

text: as

text: well

text: the

text: export

text: of

text: lumber

question: What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida

answer: British East Florida and British West Florida

text: British East Florida and British West Florida

question: Who was given Florida land grants

answer: officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement

text: officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement

question: Where did a large number of British Colonist come to florida from

answer: coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda

text: coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda

question: The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as

answer: what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County

text: what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County

question: What did the Colonist cultivate

answer: the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber

text: the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber


text: The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: The

text: States

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: were

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: VOC

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: West

text: India

text: Company

text: WIC

text: but

text: some

text: shipping

text: expeditions

text: were

text: initiated

text: by

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: mostly

text: Holland

text: and/or

text: Zeeland

question: Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)?

answer: The States General of the United Provinces

text: The States General of the United Provinces

question: Some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces?

answer: Holland and/or Zeeland

text: Holland and/or Zeeland


text: The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks. The Queen's visit to Australia in October 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her "farewell tour" in the press because of her age.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: Queen

text: addressed

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: time

text: in

text: again

text: in

text: her

text: capacity

text: as

text: Queen

text: of

text: all

text: Commonwealth

text: realms

text: and

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: The

text: UN

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Ban

text: Ki

text: moon

text: introduced

text: her

text: as

text: an

text: anchor

text: for

text: our

text: age

text: During

text: her

text: visit

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: which

text: followed

text: a

text: tour

text: of

text: Canada

text: she

text: officially

text: opened

text: a

text: memorial

text: garden

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: The

text: Queen

text: 's

text: visit

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: October

text: her

text: sixteenth

text: visit

text: since

text: was

text: called

text: her

text: farewell

text: tour

text: in

text: the

text: press

text: because

text: of

text: her

text: age

question: When was the second address to the UN by Elizabeth?

answer: 2010

question: Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?

answer: Ban Ki-moon

text: Ban Ki-moon

question: As what did Ban Ki-Moon introduce Elizabeth to the UN?

answer: "an anchor for our age"

text: "an anchor for our age"

question: For whom was the garden Elizabeth opened a memorial?

answer: British victims

text: British victims

question: When was Elizabeth's farewell visit to Australia?

answer: October 2011

text: October 2011


text: In January 1977, Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney, essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease). As First Assistant, Kerry tried cases, which included winning convictions in a high-profile rape case and a murder. He also played a role in administering the office, including initiating the creation of special white-collar and organized crime units, creating programs to address the problems of rape and other crime victims and witnesses, and managing trial calendars to reflect case priorities. It was in this role in 1978 that Kerry announced an investigation into possible criminal charges against then Senator Edward Brooke, regarding "misstatements" in his first divorce trial. The inquiry ended with no charges being brought after investigators and prosecutors determined that Brooke's misstatements were pertinent to the case, but were not material enough to have affected the outcome.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: In

text: January

text: Droney

text: promoted

text: him

text: to

text: First

text: Assistant

text: District

text: Attorney

text: essentially

text: making

text: Kerry

text: his

text: campaign

text: and

text: media

text: surrogate

text: because

text: Droney

text: was

text: afflicted

text: with

text: amyotrophic

text: lateral

text: sclerosis

text: ALS

text: or

text: Lou

text: Gehrig

text: 's

text: Disease

text: As

text: First

text: Assistant

text: Kerry

text: tried

text: cases

text: which

text: included

text: winning

text: convictions

text: in

text: a

text: high

text: profile

text: rape

text: case

text: and

text: a

text: murder

text: He

text: also

text: played

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: administering

text: the

text: office

text: including

text: initiating

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: special

text: white

text: collar

text: and

text: organized

text: crime

text: units

text: creating

text: programs

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: problems

text: of

text: rape

text: and

text: other

text: crime

text: victims

text: and

text: witnesses

text: and

text: managing

text: trial

text: calendars

text: to

text: reflect

text: case

text: priorities

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: this

text: role

text: in

text: that

text: Kerry

text: announced

text: an

text: investigation

text: into

text: possible

text: criminal

text: charges

text: against

text: then

text: Senator

text: Edward

text: Brooke

text: regarding

text: misstatements

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: divorce

text: trial

text: The

text: inquiry

text: ended

text: with

text: no

text: charges

text: being

text: brought

text: after

text: investigators

text: and

text: prosecutors

text: determined

text: that

text: Brooke

text: 's

text: misstatements

text: were

text: pertinent

text: to

text: the

text: case

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: material

text: enough

text: to

text: have

text: affected

text: the

text: outcome

question: When did Kerry become an ADA?

answer: January 1977

text: January 1977

question: What condition did Droney have?

answer: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

text: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

question: What is ALS's nickname?

answer: Lou Gehrig's Disease

text: Lou Gehrig's Disease

question: What senator did Kerry investigate in 1978?

answer: Edward Brooke

text: Edward Brooke

question: Why was Brooke being investigated?

answer: "misstatements" in his first divorce trial

text: "misstatements" in his first divorce trial


text: Beyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, "if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed." She admires Diana Ross as an "all-around entertainer" and Whitney Houston, who she said "inspired me to get up there and do what she did." She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song "Vision of Love" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: names

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: as

text: her

text: major

text: musical

text: influence

text: Aged

text: five

text: Beyoncé

text: attended

text: her

text: first

text: ever

text: concert

text: where

text: Jackson

text: performed

text: and

text: she

text: claims

text: to

text: have

text: realised

text: her

text: purpose

text: When

text: she

text: presented

text: him

text: with

text: a

text: tribute

text: award

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Music

text: Awards

text: in

text: Beyoncé

text: said

text: if

text: it

text: was

text: n't

text: for

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: I

text: would

text: never

text: ever

text: have

text: performed

text: She

text: admires

text: Diana

text: Ross

text: as

text: an

text: all

text: around

text: entertainer

text: and

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: who

text: she

text: said

text: inspired

text: me

text: to

text: get

text: up

text: there

text: and

text: do

text: what

text: she

text: did

text: She

text: credits

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: 's

text: singing

text: and

text: her

text: song

text: Vision

text: of

text: Love

text: as

text: influencing

text: her

text: to

text: begin

text: practicing

text: vocal

text: runs

text: as

text: a

text: child

text: Her

text: other

text: musical

text: influences

text: include

text: Aaliyah

text: Prince

text: Lauryn

text: Hill

text: Sade

text: Adu

text: Donna

text: Summer

text: Mary

text: J.

text: Blige

text: Janet

text: Jackson

text: Anita

text: Baker

text: and

text: Rachelle

text: Ferrell

question: To whom did Beyonce credit as her major influence on her music?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: How old was Beyonce when she went to her first Michael Jackson concert as a kid?

answer: five

text: five

question: Beyonce gave a tribute award to who in 2006?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: Beyonce cites Mariah Carey to making her want to start doing what?

answer: vocal runs

text: vocal runs

question: Who influenced Beyonce?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: What song by Mariah Carey influenced her?

answer: Vision of Love

text: Vision of Love

question: Who is Beyoncé's biggest musical influence?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: What was Beyoncé's first concert?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: Who does Beyoncé feel is an all-around entertainer?

answer: Diana Ross

text: Diana Ross

question: Who does she credit for the inspiration to "get up there and do what she did"?

answer: Whitney Houston

text: Whitney Houston

question: What song caused Beyoncé to practice runs as a child?

answer: Vision of Love

text: Vision of Love


text: New York City's public bus fleet is the largest in North America, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: public

text: bus

text: fleet

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Port

text: Authority

text: Bus

text: Terminal

text: the

text: main

text: intercity

text: bus

text: terminal

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: serves

text: buses

text: and

text: commuters

text: daily

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: busiest

text: bus

text: station

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: The busiest bus station in the world in the world is called what?

answer: Port Authority Bus Terminal

text: Port Authority Bus Terminal

question: How many buses visit the Port Authority Bus Terminal each day?

answer: 7,000

question: How many New Yorkers ride the bus on a daily basis?

answer: 200,000

question: What is New York's primary bus terminal?

answer: Port Authority Bus Terminal

text: Port Authority Bus Terminal


text: The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emperor's daughter or mistress and called Lucretia. She played him along and agreed to an assignation at her house, which he was to sneak into at night by climbing into a large basket let down from a window. When he did so he was only hoisted halfway up the wall and then left him trapped there into the next day, exposed to public ridicule. The story paralleled that of Phyllis riding Aristotle. Among other artists depicting the scene, Lucas van Leyden made a woodcut and later an engraving.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: The

text: legend

text: of

text: Virgil

text: in

text: his

text: Basket

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: seen

text: in

text: art

text: and

text: mentioned

text: in

text: literature

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Power

text: of

text: Women

text: literary

text: topos

text: demonstrating

text: the

text: disruptive

text: force

text: of

text: female

text: attractiveness

text: on

text: men

text: In

text: this

text: story

text: Virgil

text: became

text: enamoured

text: of

text: a

text: beautiful

text: woman

text: sometimes

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: daughter

text: or

text: mistress

text: and

text: called

text: Lucretia

text: She

text: played

text: him

text: along

text: and

text: agreed

text: to

text: an

text: assignation

text: at

text: her

text: house

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: to

text: sneak

text: into

text: at

text: night

text: by

text: climbing

text: into

text: a

text: large

text: basket

text: let

text: down

text: from

text: a

text: window

text: When

text: he

text: did

text: so

text: he

text: was

text: only

text: hoisted

text: halfway

text: up

text: the

text: wall

text: and

text: then

text: left

text: him

text: trapped

text: there

text: into

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: exposed

text: to

text: public

text: ridicule

text: The

text: story

text: paralleled

text: that

text: of

text: Phyllis

text: riding

text: Aristotle

text: Among

text: other

text: artists

text: depicting

text: the

text: scene

text: Lucas

text: van

text: Leyden

text: made

text: a

text: woodcut

text: and

text: later

text: an

text: engraving

question: During which time period did the legend of Virgil in his Basket arise?

answer: Middle Ages

text: Middle Ages

question: What is the name of the beautiful woman who Virgil enamoured?

answer: Lucretia

text: Lucretia

question: Which story did Virgil being left halfway in basket parallel?

answer: Phyllis riding Aristotle

text: Phyllis riding Aristotle

question: Which artist made a woodcut and later an engraving of Virgil and his basket?

answer: Lucas van Leyden

text: Lucas van Leyden


text: The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs. During the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938), although "Czechoslovak" was designated as the republic's official language both Czech and Slovak written standards were used. Standard written Slovak was partially modeled on literary Czech, and Czech was preferred for some official functions in the Slovak half of the republic. Czech influence on Slovak was protested by Slovak scholars, and when Slovakia broke off from Czechoslovakia in 1938 as the Slovak State (which then aligned with Nazi Germany in World War II) literary Slovak was deliberately distanced from Czech. When the Axis powers lost the war and Czechoslovakia reformed, Slovak developed somewhat on its own (with Czech influence); during the Prague Spring of 1968, Slovak gained independence from (and equality with) Czech. Since then, "Czechoslovak" refers to improvised pidgins of the languages which have arisen from the decrease in mutual intelligibility.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: The

text: similarities

text: between

text: Czech

text: and

text: Slovak

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: languages

text: being

text: considered

text: a

text: single

text: language

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: century

text: scholars

text: who

text: called

text: themselves

text: Czechoslavs

text: Čechoslováci

text: believing

text: that

text: the

text: peoples

text: were

text: connected

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: which

text: excluded

text: German

text: Bohemians

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: Hungarians

text: and

text: other

text: Slavs

text: During

text: the

text: First

text: Czechoslovak

text: Republic

text: although

text: Czechoslovak

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: republic

text: 's

text: official

text: language

text: both

text: Czech

text: and

text: Slovak

text: written

text: standards

text: were

text: used

text: Standard

text: written

text: Slovak

text: was

text: partially

text: modeled

text: on

text: literary

text: Czech

text: and

text: Czech

text: was

text: preferred

text: for

text: some

text: official

text: functions

text: in

text: the

text: Slovak

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: republic

text: Czech

text: influence

text: on

text: Slovak

text: was

text: protested

text: by

text: Slovak

text: scholars

text: and

text: when

text: Slovakia

text: broke

text: off

text: from

text: Czechoslovakia

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Slovak

text: State

text: which

text: then

text: aligned

text: with

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: literary

text: Slovak

text: was

text: deliberately

text: distanced

text: from

text: Czech

text: When

text: the

text: Axis

text: powers

text: lost

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: Czechoslovakia

text: reformed

text: Slovak

text: developed

text: somewhat

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: with

text: Czech

text: influence

text: during

text: the

text: Prague

text: Spring

text: of

text: Slovak

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: and

text: equality

text: with

text: Czech

text: Since

text: then

text: Czechoslovak

text: refers

text: to

text: improvised

text: pidgins

text: of

text: the

text: languages

text: which

text: have

text: arisen

text: from

text: the

text: decrease

text: in

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

question: Who called themselves "Czechoslavs"?

answer: a group of 19th-century scholars

text: a group of 19th-century scholars

question: Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language?

answer: The similarities

text: The similarities

question: When was the first Czechoslovak Republic?

answer: 1918–1938

question: What was standard written Slovak partially modeled on?

answer: literary Czech

text: literary Czech

question: When was the Prague Spring?

answer: 1968


text: Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Because

text: it

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: national

text: capital

text: many

text: structures

text: were

text: built

text: around

text: that

text: time

text: Even

text: today

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: still

text: remain

text: which

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: tourists

question: What was the designation of Nanjing?

answer: the national capital

text: the national capital

question: What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?

answer: many structures were built

text: many structures were built

question: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?

answer: some of them still remain

text: some of them still remain

question: The structures that still remain are open to whom?

answer: tourists

text: tourists


text: The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council. In 2002, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 granted full British citizenship to the islanders, and renamed the Dependent Territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Constitution

text: took

text: effect

text: in

text: and

text: provided

text: that

text: the

text: island

text: would

text: be

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: Governor

text: and

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: and

text: an

text: elected

text: Executive

text: and

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: Act

text: granted

text: full

text: British

text: citizenship

text: to

text: the

text: islanders

text: and

text: renamed

text: the

text: Dependent

text: Territories

text: including

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: the

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: In

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: and

text: its

text: two

text: territories

text: received

text: equal

text: status

text: under

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territory

text: was

text: renamed

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Ascension

text: and

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

question: What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?

answer: 1989

question: In 2002 what act granted full British citizenship to the citizens of the islands?

answer: British Overseas Territories Act 2002

text: British Overseas Territories Act 2002

question: What were the dependent territories renamed to?

answer: British Overseas Territories

text: British Overseas Territories


text: Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels. The crucified man was identified as Yehohanan ben Hagkol and probably died about 70 AD, around the time of the Jewish revolt against Rome. The analyses at the Hadassah Medical School estimated that he died in his late 20s. Another relevant archaeological find, which also dates to the 1st century AD, is an unidentified heel bone with a spike discovered in a Jerusalem gravesite, now held by the Israel Antiquities Authority and displayed in the Israel Museum.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: Although

text: almost

text: all

text: ancient

text: sources

text: relating

text: to

text: crucifixion

text: are

text: literary

text: the

text: archeological

text: discovery

text: just

text: northeast

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: a

text: crucified

text: man

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: provided

text: good

text: confirmatory

text: evidence

text: that

text: crucifixions

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: period

text: roughly

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: manner

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: is

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: gospels

text: The

text: crucified

text: man

text: was

text: identified

text: as

text: Yehohanan

text: ben

text: Hagkol

text: and

text: probably

text: died

text: about

text: AD

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: revolt

text: against

text: Rome

text: The

text: analyses

text: at

text: the

text: Hadassah

text: Medical

text: School

text: estimated

text: that

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: his

text: late

text: Another

text: relevant

text: archaeological

text: find

text: which

text: also

text: dates

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: is

text: an

text: unidentified

text: heel

text: bone

text: with

text: a

text: spike

text: discovered

text: in

text: a

text: Jerusalem

text: gravesite

text: now

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Israel

text: Antiquities

text: Authority

text: and

text: displayed

text: in

text: the

text: Israel

text: Museum

question: Are all sources of the crucification literary?

answer: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary

text: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary

question: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?

answer: the 1968 archeological discovery

text: the 1968 archeological discovery

question: Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find?

answer: ben Hagkol

text: ben Hagkol

question: When was Ben Hagkol crucified?

answer: about 70 AD

text: about 70 AD

question: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?

answer: Israel Museum

text: Israel Museum


text: The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goaded the French into declaring war by altering a telegram sent by William I. Releasing the Ems Dispatch to the public, Bismarck made it sound as if the king had treated the French envoy in a demeaning fashion, which inflamed public opinion in France.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: immediate

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: resided

text: in

text: the

text: candidacy

text: of

text: a

text: Leopold

text: of

text: Hohenzollern

text: Sigmaringen

text: a

text: Prussian

text: prince

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Spain

text: France

text: feared

text: encirclement

text: by

text: an

text: alliance

text: between

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: Hohenzollern

text: prince

text: 's

text: candidacy

text: was

text: withdrawn

text: under

text: French

text: diplomatic

text: pressure

text: but

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: goaded

text: the

text: French

text: into

text: declaring

text: war

text: by

text: altering

text: a

text: telegram

text: sent

text: by

text: William

text: I.

text: Releasing

text: the

text: Ems

text: Dispatch

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: Bismarck

text: made

text: it

text: sound

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: king

text: had

text: treated

text: the

text: French

text: envoy

text: in

text: a

text: demeaning

text: fashion

text: which

text: inflamed

text: public

text: opinion

text: in

text: France

question: In whose cadidacy did the immediate cause of war reside?

answer: Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

text: Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

question: What did France fear by an alliance between Prussia and Spain?

answer: encirclement

text: encirclement

question: Who goaded the French into war by editing a telegram sent by William I?

answer: Otto von Bismarck

text: Otto von Bismarck

question: What was the name of the famous telelgram?

answer: Ems Dispatch

text: Ems Dispatch

question: What was the reaction of the French people to the deceptively crafted offense in the Ems Dispatch?

answer: inflamed public opinion

text: inflamed public opinion


text: In 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle formulated in 1927, predict a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum, or energy and time can be measured. This has far reaching consequences on the "emptiness" of space between particles. In the late 20th century, so-called virtual particles that arise spontaneously from empty space were confirmed.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: In

text: Paul

text: Dirac

text: proposed

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: vacuum

text: as

text: an

text: infinite

text: sea

text: of

text: particles

text: possessing

text: negative

text: energy

text: called

text: the

text: Dirac

text: sea

text: This

text: theory

text: helped

text: refine

text: the

text: predictions

text: of

text: his

text: earlier

text: formulated

text: Dirac

text: equation

text: and

text: successfully

text: predicted

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: positron

text: confirmed

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: Werner

text: Heisenberg

text: 's

text: uncertainty

text: principle

text: formulated

text: in

text: predict

text: a

text: fundamental

text: limit

text: within

text: which

text: instantaneous

text: position

text: and

text: momentum

text: or

text: energy

text: and

text: time

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: This

text: has

text: far

text: reaching

text: consequences

text: on

text: the

text: emptiness

text: of

text: space

text: between

text: particles

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: so

text: called

text: virtual

text: particles

text: that

text: arise

text: spontaneously

text: from

text: empty

text: space

text: were

text: confirmed

question: An infinite sea of particles with negative energy  was a model propesed by whom?

answer: Paul Dirac

text: Paul Dirac

question: What year was the Dirac sea modeled?

answer: 1930

question: When werer virtual particles confirmed?

answer: late 20th century

text: late 20th century

question: What year was the uncertainty principle formed?

answer: 1927,

question: What theorized that time and energy can be measured?

answer: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

text: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle