text: Burke claimed that Bolingbroke's arguments against revealed religion could apply to all social and civil institutions as well. Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton (and others) initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire. All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics especially appreciative of Burke's quality of writing. Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book, which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: claimed

text: that

text: Bolingbroke

text: 's

text: arguments

text: against

text: revealed

text: religion

text: could

text: apply

text: to

text: all

text: social

text: and

text: civil

text: institutions

text: as

text: well

text: Lord

text: Chesterfield

text: and

text: Bishop

text: Warburton

text: and

text: others

text: initially

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: genuinely

text: by

text: Bolingbroke

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: satire

text: All

text: the

text: reviews

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: were

text: positive

text: with

text: critics

text: especially

text: appreciative

text: of

text: Burke

text: 's

text: quality

text: of

text: writing

text: Some

text: reviewers

text: failed

text: to

text: notice

text: the

text: ironic

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: Burke

text: stating

text: in

text: the

text: preface

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: edition

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: satire

question: Which bishop didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?

answer: Bishop Warburton

text: Bishop Warburton

question: Which lord didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?

answer: Lord Chesterfield

text: Lord Chesterfield

question: When was the 2nd edition of Burke's book published?

answer: 1757

question: Where did Burke make it clear that his book was a satire?

answer: in the preface to the second edition

text: in the preface to the second edition


text: Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors. Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question. The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic. Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Corruption

text: and

text: Trikoupis

text: increased

text: spending

text: to

text: create

text: necessary

text: infrastructure

text: like

text: the

text: Corinth

text: Canal

text: overtaxed

text: the

text: weak

text: Greek

text: economy

text: forcing

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: public

text: insolvency

text: in

text: and

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: imposition

text: of

text: an

text: International

text: Financial

text: Control

text: authority

text: to

text: pay

text: off

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: debtors

text: Another

text: political

text: issue

text: in

text: century

text: Greece

text: was

text: uniquely

text: Greek

text: the

text: language

text: question

text: The

text: Greek

text: people

text: spoke

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: Greek

text: called

text: Demotic

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: educated

text: elite

text: saw

text: this

text: as

text: a

text: peasant

text: dialect

text: and

text: were

text: determined

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: glories

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greek

question: In 1893 Greece announced what?

answer: public insolvency

text: public insolvency

question: To pay off the people they owed, Greece had to accept what?

answer: International Financial Control authority

text: International Financial Control authority

question: The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them?

answer: Demotic

text: Demotic

question: A hot topic in Greece in the 19th century was what?

answer: language

text: language


text: Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Longer

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: divided

text: into

text: self

text: contained

text: pieces

text: called

text: movements

text: often

text: with

text: contrasting

text: characters

text: or

text: moods

text: For

text: instance

text: symphonies

text: written

text: during

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: are

text: usually

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: movements

text: an

text: opening

text: Allegro

text: in

text: sonata

text: form

text: a

text: slow

text: movement

text: a

text: minuet

text: or

text: scherzo

text: and

text: a

text: final

text: Allegro

text: These

text: movements

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: further

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: a

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: smaller

text: units

text: first

text: sections

text: then

text: periods

text: and

text: finally

text: phrases

question: What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?

answer: movements

text: movements

question: How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?

answer: four

text: four

question: What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?

answer: slow

text: slow

question: A movement broken up further is called what?

answer: sections

text: sections

question: The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?

answer: Allegro

text: Allegro


text: Protestantism spread in Europe during the 16th century. Lutheranism spread from Germany into its surrounding areas,[c] Denmark,[d] Norway,[e] Sweden,[f] Finland,[g] Prussia,[h] Latvia,[i], Estonia,[j] and Iceland,[k] as well as other smaller territories. Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjacent regions,[l] Hungary,[m] the Netherlands,[n] Scotland,[o] Switzerland,[p] and France[q] by such reformers as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox. Arminianism[r] gained supporters in the Netherlands and parts of Germany. In 1534, King Henry VIII put an end to all papal jurisdiction in England[s] after the Pope failed to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon; this opened the door to reformational ideas, notably during the following reign of Edward VI, through Thomas Cranmer, Richard Hooker, Matthew Parker and other theologians. There were also reformational efforts throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation—a response to perceived corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Reformation led by Luther and various other reformers—which gave rise to Anabaptist, Moravian, and other Pietistic movements. In later centuries, Protestants developed their own culture, which made major contributions in education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy and the arts, and other fields.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestantism

text: spread

text: in

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: Lutheranism

text: spread

text: from

text: Germany

text: into

text: its

text: surrounding

text: areas,[c

text: Denmark,[d

text: Norway,[e

text: Sweden,[f

text: Finland,[g

text: Prussia,[h

text: Latvia,[i

text: Estonia,[j

text: and

text: Iceland,[k

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: smaller

text: territories

text: Reformed

text: churches

text: were

text: founded

text: primarily

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: adjacent

text: regions,[l

text: Hungary,[m

text: the

text: Netherlands,[n

text: Scotland,[o

text: Switzerland,[p

text: and

text: France[q

text: by

text: such

text: reformers

text: as

text: John

text: Calvin

text: Huldrych

text: Zwingli

text: and

text: John

text: Knox

text: Arminianism[r

text: gained

text: supporters

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: King

text: Henry

text: VIII

text: put

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: all

text: papal

text: jurisdiction

text: in

text: England[s

text: after

text: the

text: Pope

text: failed

text: to

text: annul

text: his

text: marriage

text: to

text: Catherine

text: of

text: Aragon

text: this

text: opened

text: the

text: door

text: to

text: reformational

text: ideas

text: notably

text: during

text: the

text: following

text: reign

text: of

text: Edward

text: VI

text: through

text: Thomas

text: Cranmer

text: Richard

text: Hooker

text: Matthew

text: Parker

text: and

text: other

text: theologians

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: reformational

text: efforts

text: throughout

text: continental

text: Europe

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: perceived

text: corruption

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: expanding

text: Magisterial

text: Reformation

text: led

text: by

text: Luther

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: reformers

text: which

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: Anabaptist

text: Moravian

text: and

text: other

text: Pietistic

text: movements

text: In

text: later

text: centuries

text: Protestants

text: developed

text: their

text: own

text: culture

text: which

text: made

text: major

text: contributions

text: in

text: education

text: the

text: humanities

text: and

text: sciences

text: the

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: order

text: the

text: economy

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: other

text: fields

question: Where did Lutheranism begin?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Name three early Protestant reformers.

answer: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox

text: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox

question: Where did Arminianism take hold?

answer: the Netherlands and parts of Germany

text: the Netherlands and parts of Germany

question: Who ended Catholic supremecy in England?

answer: King Henry VIII

text: King Henry VIII

question: Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries?

answer: Protestants

text: Protestants


text: As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: As

text: the

text: initial

text: punk

text: movement

text: dwindled

text: vibrant

text: new

text: scenes

text: began

text: to

text: coalesce

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: bands

text: pursuing

text: experimental

text: sounds

text: and

text: wider

text: conceptual

text: territory

text: in

text: their

text: work

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: artists

text: drew

text: on

text: backgrounds

text: in

text: art

text: and

text: viewed

text: their

text: music

text: as

text: invested

text: in

text: particular

text: political

text: or

text: aesthetic

text: agendas

text: British

text: music

text: publications

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: NME

text: and

text: Sounds

text: developed

text: an

text: influential

text: part

text: in

text: this

text: nascent

text: post

text: punk

text: culture

text: with

text: writers

text: like

text: Jon

text: Savage

text: Paul

text: Morley

text: and

text: Ian

text: Penman

text: developing

text: a

text: dense

text: and

text: often

text: playful

text: style

text: of

text: criticism

text: that

text: drew

text: on

text: critical

text: theory

text: radical

text: politics

text: and

text: an

text: eclectic

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: sources

question: When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise?

answer: vibrant new scenes

text: vibrant new scenes

question: What territory did the post-punk bands pursue in their works?

answer: wider conceptual

text: wider conceptual

question: What nationality's music magazines had an influential part of post-punk culture?

answer: British

text: British

question: What professional is Ian Penman known from?

answer: writers

text: writers

question: What kind of background did many of the initial post-punk artists have?

answer: art

text: art

question: Who were well known authors covering the post-punk era?

answer: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman

text: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman

question: What were popular post-punk culture media sources?

answer: NME and Sounds

text: NME and Sounds

question: What were the bands coming in on the heels of post-punk beginning to sound like?

answer: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory

text: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory

question: What was a common background of post-punk musicians?

answer: backgrounds in art

text: backgrounds in art

question: What was a common theme to post-punk music?

answer: political or aesthetic agendas

text: political or aesthetic agendas


text: Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance. Jimmy Iovine was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons, former judge Randy Jackson was the mentor for the thirteenth season and Scott Borchetta was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season. The mentors regularly bring in guest mentors to aid them, including Akon, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga, and current judge Harry Connick, Jr..

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: tenth

text: season[citation

text: needed

text: permanent

text: mentors

text: were

text: brought

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: live

text: shows

text: to

text: help

text: guide

text: the

text: contestants

text: with

text: their

text: song

text: choice

text: and

text: performance

text: Jimmy

text: Iovine

text: was

text: the

text: mentor

text: in

text: the

text: tenth

text: through

text: twelfth

text: seasons

text: former

text: judge

text: Randy

text: Jackson

text: was

text: the

text: mentor

text: for

text: the

text: thirteenth

text: season

text: and

text: Scott

text: Borchetta

text: was

text: the

text: mentor

text: for

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: and

text: fifteenth

text: season

text: The

text: mentors

text: regularly

text: bring

text: in

text: guest

text: mentors

text: to

text: aid

text: them

text: including

text: Akon

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: and

text: current

text: judge

text: Harry

text: Connick

text: Jr

question: Who was a mentor to the contestants on American Idol in its thirteenth season?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: Who mentored contestants in the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons of American Idol?

answer: Scott Borchetta

text: Scott Borchetta

question: What two things did the mentors help the contestants with?

answer: song choice and performance

text: song choice and performance

question: Who was the mentor for seasons 10 - 12?

answer: Jimmy Iovine

text: Jimmy Iovine

question: Who was the mentor for season 13?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?

answer: Scott Borchetta

text: Scott Borchetta


text: For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the "Very Green."

title: Green

title: Green

text: For

text: the

text: ancient

text: Egyptians

text: green

text: had

text: very

text: positive

text: associations

text: The

text: hieroglyph

text: for

text: green

text: represented

text: a

text: growing

text: papyrus

text: sprout

text: showing

text: the

text: close

text: connection

text: between

text: green

text: vegetation

text: vigor

text: and

text: growth

text: In

text: wall

text: paintings

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: underworld

text: Osiris

text: was

text: typically

text: portrayed

text: with

text: a

text: green

text: face

text: because

text: green

text: was

text: the

text: symbol

text: of

text: good

text: health

text: and

text: rebirth

text: Palettes

text: of

text: green

text: facial

text: makeup

text: made

text: with

text: malachite

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: tombs

text: It

text: was

text: worn

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: living

text: and

text: dead

text: particularly

text: around

text: the

text: eyes

text: to

text: protect

text: them

text: from

text: evil

text: Tombs

text: also

text: often

text: contained

text: small

text: green

text: amulets

text: in

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: scarab

text: beetles

text: made

text: of

text: malachite

text: which

text: would

text: protect

text: and

text: give

text: vigor

text: to

text: the

text: deceased

text: It

text: also

text: symbolized

text: the

text: sea

text: which

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Very

text: Green

question: What is the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph for green?

answer: a growing papyrus sprout

text: a growing papyrus sprout

question: Who was the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt?

answer: Osiris

text: Osiris

question: Why was green facial makeup worn by ancient Egyptians?

answer: to protect them from evil

text: to protect them from evil


text: The Late Bronze Age (from 1700 to 1200 BCE) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years. Here we have an apotropaic situation, where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it. Aplu, meaning the son of, was a title given to the god Nergal, who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash. Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods. In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats. All these functions, including the function of the healer-god Paean, who seems to have Mycenean origin, are fused in the cult of Apollo.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: The

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: from

text: to

text: BCE

text: Hittite

text: and

text: Hurrian

text: Aplu

text: was

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: plague

text: invoked

text: during

text: plague

text: years

text: Here

text: we

text: have

text: an

text: apotropaic

text: situation

text: where

text: a

text: god

text: originally

text: bringing

text: the

text: plague

text: was

text: invoked

text: to

text: end

text: it

text: Aplu

text: meaning

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: was

text: a

text: title

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: god

text: Nergal

text: who

text: was

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: Babylonian

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: Shamash

text: Homer

text: interprets

text: Apollo

text: as

text: a

text: terrible

text: god

text: δεινὸς

text: θεός

text: who

text: brings

text: death

text: and

text: disease

text: with

text: his

text: arrows

text: but

text: who

text: can

text: also

text: heal

text: possessing

text: a

text: magic

text: art

text: that

text: separates

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: Greek

text: gods

text: In

text: Iliad

text: his

text: priest

text: prays

text: to

text: Apollo

text: Smintheus

text: the

text: mouse

text: god

text: who

text: retains

text: an

text: older

text: agricultural

text: function

text: as

text: the

text: protector

text: from

text: field

text: rats

text: All

text: these

text: functions

text: including

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: healer

text: god

text: Paean

text: who

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: Mycenean

text: origin

text: are

text: fused

text: in

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: Apollo

question: What age ran from 1700 to 1200 BCE?

answer: The Late Bronze Age

text: The Late Bronze Age

question: Who was a god of plague?

answer: Hittite and Hurrian Aplu

text: Hittite and Hurrian Aplu

question: Who is the mouse God?

answer: Apollo Smintheus

text: Apollo Smintheus

question: What word means "the son of?"

answer: Aplu

text: Aplu


text: The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War). Some of the reforms under Yeltsin were scaled back by Vladimir Putin.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: The

text: post

text: Imperial

text: nature

text: of

text: Russian

text: subdivision

text: of

text: government

text: changed

text: towards

text: a

text: generally

text: autonomous

text: model

text: which

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: of

text: which

text: Russia

text: was

text: governed

text: as

text: part

text: It

text: was

text: liberalized

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: with

text: the

text: reforms

text: under

text: Boris

text: Yeltsin

text: preserving

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: structure

text: while

text: applying

text: increasingly

text: liberal

text: reforms

text: to

text: the

text: governance

text: of

text: the

text: constituent

text: republics

text: and

text: subjects

text: while

text: also

text: coming

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: Chechen

text: secessionist

text: rebels

text: during

text: the

text: Chechen

text: War

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: reforms

text: under

text: Yeltsin

text: were

text: scaled

text: back

text: by

text: Vladimir

text: Putin

question: What happened to Russia's subdivision of government?

answer: changed towards a generally autonomous model

text: changed towards a generally autonomous model

question: When was Russia's subdivision liberalized?

answer: in the aftermath of the Soviet Union

text: in the aftermath of the Soviet Union

question: Who was in charge when the reforms was going on?

answer: Boris Yeltsin

text: Boris Yeltsin

question: Who scaled back some reforms from Yeltsin?

answer: Vladimir Putin

text: Vladimir Putin


text: The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: The

text: International

text: Development

text: Law

text: Organization

text: IDLO

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: with

text: a

text: joint

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: development

text: It

text: works

text: to

text: empower

text: people

text: and

text: communities

text: to

text: claim

text: their

text: rights

text: and

text: provides

text: governments

text: with

text: the

text: know

text: how

text: to

text: realize

text: them

text: It

text: supports

text: emerging

text: economies

text: and

text: middle

text: income

text: countries

text: to

text: strengthen

text: their

text: legal

text: capacity

text: and

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: framework

text: for

text: sustainable

text: development

text: and

text: economic

text: opportunity

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: with

text: an

text: exclusive

text: mandate

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: has

text: experience

text: working

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law?

answer: The International Development Law Organization

text: The International Development Law Organization

question: What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping?

answer: emerging economies and middle-income

text: emerging economies and middle-income

question: With how many countries does the IDLO work?

answer: more than 170

text: more than 170


text: During the Cenozoic era, specifically about 25 million years ago during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, the continental climate became favorable to the evolution of grasslands. Existing forest biomes declined and grasslands became much more widespread. The grasslands provided a new niche for mammals, including many ungulates and glires, that switched from browsing diets to grazing diets. Traditionally, the spread of grasslands and the development of grazers have been strongly linked. However, an examination of mammalian teeth suggests that it is the open, gritty habitat and not the grass itself which is linked to diet changes in mammals, giving rise to the "grit, not grass" hypothesis.

title: Great_Plains

title: Great_Plains

text: During

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: era

text: specifically

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: during

text: the

text: Miocene

text: and

text: Pliocene

text: epochs

text: the

text: continental

text: climate

text: became

text: favorable

text: to

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: grasslands

text: Existing

text: forest

text: biomes

text: declined

text: and

text: grasslands

text: became

text: much

text: more

text: widespread

text: The

text: grasslands

text: provided

text: a

text: new

text: niche

text: for

text: mammals

text: including

text: many

text: ungulates

text: and

text: glires

text: that

text: switched

text: from

text: browsing

text: diets

text: to

text: grazing

text: diets

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: grasslands

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: grazers

text: have

text: been

text: strongly

text: linked

text: However

text: an

text: examination

text: of

text: mammalian

text: teeth

text: suggests

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: open

text: gritty

text: habitat

text: and

text: not

text: the

text: grass

text: itself

text: which

text: is

text: linked

text: to

text: diet

text: changes

text: in

text: mammals

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: grit

text: not

text: grass

text: hypothesis

question: about how long ago did the climate become favorable?

answer: about 25 million years ago

text: about 25 million years ago

question: what animals did the grasslands provide a new home for?

answer: mammals

text: mammals

question: what diet did the mammals switch to from browsing diets?

answer: grazing diets

text: grazing diets

question: the spread of grasslands and what have been strongly linked?

answer: development of grazers

text: development of grazers


text: Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Freemasonry

text: as

text: it

text: exists

text: in

text: various

text: forms

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: has

text: a

text: membership

text: estimated

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: England

text: at

text: around

text: six

text: million

text: worldwide

text: The

text: fraternity

text: is

text: administratively

text: organised

text: into

text: independent

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: or

text: sometimes

text: Grand

text: Orients

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: governs

text: its

text: own

text: Masonic

text: jurisdiction

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: subordinate

text: or

text: constituent

text: Lodges

text: The

text: largest

text: single

text: jurisdiction

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: membership

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: England

text: with

text: a

text: membership

text: estimated

text: at

text: around

text: a

text: quarter

text: million

text: The

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Ireland

text: taken

text: together

text: have

text: approximately

text: members

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: total

text: membership

text: is

text: just

text: under

text: two

text: million

question: How large is the membership of Freemasonry?

answer: around six million worldwide

text: around six million worldwide

question: What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?

answer: United Grand Lodge of England

text: United Grand Lodge of England

question: How many members does the UGLE have?

answer: around a quarter million

text: around a quarter million

question: What are the membership numbers of the United States?

answer: just under two million

text: just under two million

question: How many members does the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of Ireland have, together?

answer: 150,000

question: How many members are in Freemasonry?

answer: around six million worldwide

text: around six million worldwide

question: What lodge has the single largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?

answer: the United Grand Lodge of England

text: the United Grand Lodge of England

question: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England?

answer: around a quarter million

text: around a quarter million

question: The Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland have how many member?

answer: approximately 150,000 members

text: approximately 150,000 members

question: The United States has how many Freemason members?

answer: just under two million

text: just under two million


text: Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he invited the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso (1543–1588)—to meet him in Amdo (modern Qinghai) in 1578, where he accidentally bestowed him and his two predecessors with the title of Dalai Lama—"Ocean Teacher". The full title was "Dalai Lama Vajradhara", "Vajradhara" meaning "Holder of the Thunderbolt" in Sanskrit. Victoria Huckenpahler notes that Vajradhara is considered by Buddhists to be the primordial Buddha of limitless and all-pervasive beneficial qualities, a being that "represents the ultimate aspect of enlightenment." Goldstein writes that Sönam Gyatso also enhanced Altan Khan's standing by granting him the title "king of religion, majestic purity". Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama officially recognized Altan Khan as the "Protector of the Faith".

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Tumed

text: Mongols

text: began

text: moving

text: into

text: the

text: Kokonor

text: region

text: modern

text: Qinghai

text: raiding

text: the

text: Ming

text: Chinese

text: frontier

text: and

text: even

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: the

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Beijing

text: under

text: Altan

text: Khan

text: Klieger

text: writes

text: that

text: Altan

text: Khan

text: 's

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: effectively

text: reduced

text: Ming

text: influence

text: and

text: contact

text: with

text: Tibet

text: After

text: Altan

text: Khan

text: made

text: peace

text: with

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: in

text: he

text: invited

text: the

text: third

text: hierarch

text: of

text: the

text: Gelug

text: Sönam

text: Gyatso

text: meet

text: him

text: in

text: Amdo

text: modern

text: Qinghai

text: in

text: where

text: he

text: accidentally

text: bestowed

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: two

text: predecessors

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Dalai

text: Lama—"Ocean

text: Teacher

text: The

text: full

text: title

text: was

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: Vajradhara

text: Vajradhara

text: meaning

text: Holder

text: of

text: the

text: Thunderbolt

text: in

text: Sanskrit

text: Victoria

text: Huckenpahler

text: notes

text: that

text: Vajradhara

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: Buddhists

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: primordial

text: Buddha

text: of

text: limitless

text: and

text: all

text: pervasive

text: beneficial

text: qualities

text: a

text: being

text: that

text: represents

text: the

text: ultimate

text: aspect

text: of

text: enlightenment

text: Goldstein

text: writes

text: that

text: Sönam

text: Gyatso

text: also

text: enhanced

text: Altan

text: Khan

text: 's

text: standing

text: by

text: granting

text: him

text: the

text: title

text: king

text: of

text: religion

text: majestic

text: purity

text: Rawski

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: officially

text: recognized

text: Altan

text: Khan

text: as

text: the

text: Protector

text: of

text: the

text: Faith

question: What region did the Tumed Mongols move into?

answer: the Kokonor region

text: the Kokonor region

question: Which frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid?

answer: the Ming Chinese frontier

text: the Ming Chinese frontier

question: The presence of the Altan Khan in the west reduced whos influence?

answer: the Ming

text: the Ming

question: When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty?

answer: 1571

question: Who did Altan Khan invite to meet him in Amdo?

answer: the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso

text: the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso


text: Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, subtropical in the Southern United States, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: geographic

text: features

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: contains

text: examples

text: of

text: nearly

text: every

text: global

text: climate

text: The

text: climate

text: is

text: temperate

text: in

text: most

text: areas

text: subtropical

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: tropical

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: southern

text: Florida

text: polar

text: in

text: Alaska

text: semiarid

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: meridian

text: Mediterranean

text: in

text: coastal

text: California

text: and

text: arid

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Basin

text: Its

text: comparatively

text: favorable

text: agricultural

text: climate

text: contributed

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: rise

text: as

text: a

text: world

text: power

text: with

text: infrequent

text: severe

text: drought

text: in

text: the

text: major

text: agricultural

text: regions

text: a

text: general

text: lack

text: of

text: widespread

text: flooding

text: and

text: a

text: mainly

text: temperate

text: climate

text: that

text: receives

text: adequate

text: precipitation

question: What is the climate like in the Southern United States?

answer: subtropical

text: subtropical

question: Hawaii has what type of climate?

answer: tropical

text: tropical

question: Which state is known for its Mediterranean climate?

answer: California

text: California

question: What contributed to the rise of the US as a world power?

answer: agricultural climate

text: agricultural climate

question: What is the climate like in most areas of the US?

answer: temperate

text: temperate


text: Until the 1980s, the governor of the Federal District was appointed by the Federal Government, and the laws of Brasília were issued by the Brazilian Federal Senate. With the Constitution of 1988 Brasília gained the right to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly (Câmara Legislativa) was elected to exercise legislative power. The Federal District does not have a Judicial Power of its own. The Judicial Power which serves the Federal District also serves federal territories. Currently, Brazil does not have any territories, therefore, for now the courts serve only cases from the Federal District.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: Until

text: the

text: the

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Government

text: and

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: Brasília

text: were

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: Federal

text: Senate

text: With

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Brasília

text: gained

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: elect

text: its

text: Governor

text: and

text: a

text: District

text: Assembly

text: Câmara

text: Legislativa

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: exercise

text: legislative

text: power

text: The

text: Federal

text: District

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: Judicial

text: Power

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: The

text: Judicial

text: Power

text: which

text: serves

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: also

text: serves

text: federal

text: territories

text: Currently

text: Brazil

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: territories

text: therefore

text: for

text: now

text: the

text: courts

text: serve

text: only

text: cases

text: from

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

question: When did Brazil pass a new Constitution?

answer: 1988

question: What rights did Brasilia gain in 1988?

answer: to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly

text: to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly

question: What is Brasilia's District Assembly called?

answer: Câmara Legislativa

text: Câmara Legislativa


text: In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House and it was enlarged over the next 75 years. During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death, including petty theft. Most children born in the city died before reaching their third birthday. The coffeehouse became a popular place to debate ideas, with growing literacy and the development of the printing press making news widely available; and Fleet Street became the centre of the British press.

title: London

title: London

text: In

text: George

text: III

text: acquired

text: Buckingham

text: House

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: enlarged

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: was

text: dogged

text: by

text: crime

text: and

text: the

text: Bow

text: Street

text: Runners

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: professional

text: police

text: force

text: In

text: total

text: more

text: than

text: offences

text: were

text: punishable

text: by

text: death

text: including

text: petty

text: theft

text: Most

text: children

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: died

text: before

text: reaching

text: their

text: third

text: birthday

text: The

text: coffeehouse

text: became

text: a

text: popular

text: place

text: to

text: debate

text: ideas

text: with

text: growing

text: literacy

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: making

text: news

text: widely

text: available

text: and

text: Fleet

text: Street

text: became

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: press

question: What was King George II's royal residence beginning in 1762?

answer: Buckingham House

text: Buckingham House

question: What was the name of the police force established in London in 1750?

answer: the Bow Street Runners

text: the Bow Street Runners

question: On average, when did children born in the City of London die?

answer: before reaching their third birthday

text: before reaching their third birthday

question: How many crimes in 18th century London could result in the death penalty?

answer: more than 200

text: more than 200

question: What was the London hub of the British press?

answer: Fleet Street

text: Fleet Street


text: Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office. Bell's patent covered "the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically ... by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound" [N 16] Bell returned to Boston the same day and the next day resumed work, drawing in his notebook a diagram similar to that in Gray's patent caveat.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: 's

text: patent

text: was

text: issued

text: to

text: Bell

text: on

text: March

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: Office

text: Bell

text: 's

text: patent

text: covered

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: and

text: apparatus

text: for

text: transmitting

text: vocal

text: or

text: other

text: sounds

text: telegraphically

text: by

text: causing

text: electrical

text: undulations

text: similar

text: in

text: form

text: to

text: the

text: vibrations

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: accompanying

text: the

text: said

text: vocal

text: or

text: other

text: sound

text: N

text: Bell

text: returned

text: to

text: Boston

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: and

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: resumed

text: work

text: drawing

text: in

text: his

text: notebook

text: a

text: diagram

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: in

text: Gray

text: 's

text: patent

text: caveat

question: What number is Bell's patent?

answer: 174,465

question: On what date did Bell get his patent?

answer: March 7, 1876

text: March 7, 1876

question: Bell's patent was for the method and what for transmitting vocal and other sounds telegraphically?

answer: apparatus

text: apparatus

question: On what day did Bell go back to Boston?

answer: March 7, 1876

text: March 7, 1876

question: Bell sketched a design that looked like the work of who?

answer: Gray

text: Gray


text: Norfolk Island was originally a colony acquired by settlement but was never within the British Settlements Act. It was accepted as a territory of Australia, separate from any state, by the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth), passed under the territories power (Constitution section 122) and made effective in 1914. In 1976 the High Court of Australia held unanimously that Norfolk Island is a part of the Commonwealth. Again, in 2007 the High Court of Australia affirmed the validity of legislation that made Australian citizenship a necessary qualification for voting for, and standing for election to, the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: was

text: originally

text: a

text: colony

text: acquired

text: by

text: settlement

text: but

text: was

text: never

text: within

text: the

text: British

text: Settlements

text: Act

text: It

text: was

text: accepted

text: as

text: a

text: territory

text: of

text: Australia

text: separate

text: from

text: any

text: state

text: by

text: the

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: Act

text: Cth

text: passed

text: under

text: the

text: territories

text: power

text: Constitution

text: section

text: and

text: made

text: effective

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Australia

text: held

text: unanimously

text: that

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Again

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Australia

text: affirmed

text: the

text: validity

text: of

text: legislation

text: that

text: made

text: Australian

text: citizenship

text: a

text: necessary

text: qualification

text: for

text: voting

text: for

text: and

text: standing

text: for

text: election

text: to

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: Island

question: Norfolk Island was originally a what?

answer: colony acquired by settlement

text: colony acquired by settlement

question: Norfolk Island became a territory of what country?

answer: Australia

text: Australia

question: Under what Act was Norfolk Island accepted as a territory of Australia?

answer: the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth)

text: the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth)

question: Who decided in 1976 that Norfolk Island is a part of the Commonwealth?

answer: High Court of Australia

text: High Court of Australia

question: What was a necessary qualification for voting in Norfolk Island?

answer: Australian citizenship

text: Australian citizenship


text: Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical translation, hymns and hagiography) flourished. Old Czech texts, including poetry and cookbooks, were produced outside the university as well. Later in the century Jan Hus contributed significantly to the standardization of Czech orthography, advocated for widespread literacy among Czech commoners (particularly in religion) and made early efforts to model written Czech after the spoken language.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Bohemia

text: as

text: Czech

text: civilization

text: was

text: known

text: by

text: then

text: increased

text: in

text: power

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: as

text: its

text: language

text: did

text: in

text: regional

text: importance

text: This

text: growth

text: was

text: expedited

text: during

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: century

text: by

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Charles

text: IV

text: who

text: founded

text: Charles

text: University

text: in

text: Prague

text: in

text: Here

text: early

text: Czech

text: literature

text: a

text: biblical

text: translation

text: hymns

text: and

text: hagiography

text: flourished

text: Old

text: Czech

text: texts

text: including

text: poetry

text: and

text: cookbooks

text: were

text: produced

text: outside

text: the

text: university

text: as

text: well

text: Later

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Jan

text: Hus

text: contributed

text: significantly

text: to

text: the

text: standardization

text: of

text: Czech

text: orthography

text: advocated

text: for

text: widespread

text: literacy

text: among

text: Czech

text: commoners

text: particularly

text: in

text: religion

text: and

text: made

text: early

text: efforts

text: to

text: model

text: written

text: Czech

text: after

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

question: What was Czech civilization called back in the day?

answer: Bohemia

text: Bohemia

question: What Holy Roman Emperor expedited the growth of Bohemia in the 14th century?

answer: Charles IV

text: Charles IV

question: When was Charles University founded in Prague?

answer: 1348

question: Who contributed heavily to the effort to standardize Czech orthography?

answer: Jan Hus

text: Jan Hus

question: What did Jan Hus advocate for among the Czech commoners?

answer: widespread literacy

text: widespread literacy


text: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: The

text: company

text: originated

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Computing

text: Tabulating

text: Recording

text: Company

text: CTR

text: through

text: the

text: consolidation

text: of

text: The

text: Tabulating

text: Machine

text: Company

text: the

text: International

text: Time

text: Recording

text: Company

text: the

text: Computing

text: Scale

text: Company

text: and

text: the

text: Bundy

text: Manufacturing

text: Company

text: CTR

text: was

text: renamed

text: International

text: Business

text: Machines

text: in

text: a

text: name

text: which

text: Thomas

text: J.

text: Watson

text: first

text: used

text: for

text: a

text: CTR

text: Canadian

text: subsidiary

text: The

text: initialism

text: IBM

text: followed

text: Securities

text: analysts

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: company

text: Big

text: Blue

text: for

text: its

text: size

text: and

text: common

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: color

text: in

text: products

text: packaging

text: and

text: its

text: logo

question: What was the original name of IBM?

answer: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company

text: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company

question: What does IBM stand for?

answer: International Business Machines

text: International Business Machines

question: In what year was CTR created?

answer: 1911

question: What was the unofficial name given to IBM by analysts?

answer: Big Blue

text: Big Blue

question: Who created the IBM name?

answer: Thomas J. Watson

text: Thomas J. Watson

question: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?

answer: 1911

question: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?

answer: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)

text: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)

question: In what year did IBM get its name?

answer: 1924

question: What nickname was given to IBM?

answer: Big Blue

text: Big Blue

question: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?

answer: Computing Scale Company

text: Computing Scale Company


text: Israel operates under a parliamentary system as a democratic republic with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister—usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. Israel is governed by a 120-member parliament, known as the Knesset. Membership of the Knesset is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 3.25% electoral threshold, which in practice has resulted in coalition governments.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: operates

text: under

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: system

text: as

text: a

text: democratic

text: republic

text: with

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: A

text: member

text: of

text: parliament

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: majority

text: becomes

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: usually

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: chair

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: party

text: The

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: cabinet

text: Israel

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: parliament

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Knesset

text: Membership

text: of

text: the

text: Knesset

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: proportional

text: representation

text: of

text: political

text: parties

text: with

text: a

text: electoral

text: threshold

text: which

text: in

text: practice

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: coalition

text: governments

question: Israel operates under what kind of system?

answer: parliamentary

text: parliamentary

question: How many members are in the Knesset?

answer: 120

question: Knesset member is based on what?

answer: proportional representation of political parties

text: proportional representation of political parties


text: In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa had 13 home runs entering the month, representing less than half of Mark McGwire's total. Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month, a record that still stands. By the end of his historic month, the outfielder's 33 home runs tied him with Ken Griffey, Jr. and left him only four behind McGwire's 37. Sosa finished with 66 and won the NL MVP Award.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: June

text: Sammy

text: Sosa

text: exploded

text: into

text: the

text: pursuit

text: of

text: Roger

text: Maris

text: home

text: run

text: record

text: Sosa

text: had

text: home

text: runs

text: entering

text: the

text: month

text: representing

text: less

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: Mark

text: McGwire

text: 's

text: total

text: Sosa

text: had

text: his

text: first

text: of

text: four

text: multi

text: home

text: run

text: games

text: that

text: month

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: break

text: Rudy

text: York

text: 's

text: record

text: with

text: home

text: runs

text: in

text: the

text: month

text: a

text: record

text: that

text: still

text: stands

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: historic

text: month

text: the

text: outfielder

text: 's

text: home

text: runs

text: tied

text: him

text: with

text: Ken

text: Griffey

text: Jr.

text: and

text: left

text: him

text: only

text: four

text: behind

text: McGwire

text: 's

text: Sosa

text: finished

text: with

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: NL

text: MVP

text: Award

question: When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?

answer: 1998

question: Who was in pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?

answer: Sammy Sosa

text: Sammy Sosa

question: Sammy Sosa was in pursuit of beating whose home run record?

answer: Roger Maris

text: Roger Maris

question: What award did Sammy Sosa win?

answer: the NL MVP Award

text: the NL MVP Award


text: On May 21, 2014, JPMorgan Chase announced that it was injecting $100 million over five years into Detroit's economy, providing development funding for a variety of projects that would increase employment. It is the largest commitment made to any one city by the nation's biggest bank.[citation needed] Of the $100 million, $50 million will go toward development projects, $25 million will go toward city blight removal, $12.5 million will go for job training, $7 million will go for small businesses in the city, and $5.5 million will go toward the M-1 light rail project. On May 19, 2015, JPMorgan Chase announced that it has invested $32 million for two redevelopment projects in the city's Capitol Park district, the Capitol Park Lofts (the former Capitol Park Building) and the Detroit Savings Bank building at 1212 Griswold. Those investments are separate from Chase's five-year, $100-million commitment.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: On

text: May

text: JPMorgan

text: Chase

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: injecting

text: million

text: over

text: five

text: years

text: into

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: economy

text: providing

text: development

text: funding

text: for

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: projects

text: that

text: would

text: increase

text: employment

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: commitment

text: made

text: to

text: any

text: one

text: city

text: by

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: biggest

text: bank.[citation

text: needed

text: Of

text: the

text: million

text: million

text: will

text: go

text: toward

text: development

text: projects

text: million

text: will

text: go

text: toward

text: city

text: blight

text: removal

text: million

text: will

text: go

text: for

text: job

text: training

text: million

text: will

text: go

text: for

text: small

text: businesses

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: million

text: will

text: go

text: toward

text: the

text: light

text: rail

text: project

text: On

text: May

text: JPMorgan

text: Chase

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: invested

text: million

text: for

text: two

text: redevelopment

text: projects

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Capitol

text: Park

text: district

text: the

text: Capitol

text: Park

text: Lofts

text: the

text: former

text: Capitol

text: Park

text: Building

text: and

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Savings

text: Bank

text: building

text: at

text: Griswold

text: Those

text: investments

text: are

text: separate

text: from

text: Chase

text: 's

text: five

text: year

text: commitment

question: Which bank announced an investment into Detroit in 2014?

answer: JPMorgan Chase

text: JPMorgan Chase

question: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to blight removal?

answer: $25 million

text: $25 million

question: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to job training?

answer: $12.5 million

text: $12.5 million

question: How much did JPMorgan announce in additional investment into Detroit in 2015?

answer: $32 million

text: $32 million


text: Gray does not, however, give any indication of what available evidence these theories were at odds with, and his appeal to "crucial support" illustrates the very inductivist approach to science that Popper sought to show was logically illegitimate. For, according to Popper, Einstein's theory was at least equally as well corroborated as Newton's upon its initial conception; they both equally well accounted for all the hitherto available evidence. Moreover, since Einstein also explained the empirical refutations of Newton's theory, general relativity was immediately deemed suitable for tentative acceptance on the Popperian account. Indeed, Popper wrote, several decades before Gray's criticism, in reply to a critical essay by Imre Lakatos:

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Gray

text: does

text: not

text: however

text: give

text: any

text: indication

text: of

text: what

text: available

text: evidence

text: these

text: theories

text: were

text: at

text: odds

text: with

text: and

text: his

text: appeal

text: to

text: crucial

text: support

text: illustrates

text: the

text: very

text: inductivist

text: approach

text: to

text: science

text: that

text: Popper

text: sought

text: to

text: show

text: was

text: logically

text: illegitimate

text: For

text: according

text: to

text: Popper

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: theory

text: was

text: at

text: least

text: equally

text: as

text: well

text: corroborated

text: as

text: Newton

text: 's

text: upon

text: its

text: initial

text: conception

text: they

text: both

text: equally

text: well

text: accounted

text: for

text: all

text: the

text: hitherto

text: available

text: evidence

text: Moreover

text: since

text: Einstein

text: also

text: explained

text: the

text: empirical

text: refutations

text: of

text: Newton

text: 's

text: theory

text: general

text: relativity

text: was

text: immediately

text: deemed

text: suitable

text: for

text: tentative

text: acceptance

text: on

text: the

text: Popperian

text: account

text: Indeed

text: Popper

text: wrote

text: several

text: decades

text: before

text: Gray

text: 's

text: criticism

text: in

text: reply

text: to

text: a

text: critical

text: essay

text: by

text: Imre

text: Lakatos

question: Gray's approach aligns with which approach that Popper himself considered untenable?

answer: inductivist

text: inductivist

question: A possible rebuttal to Gray's argument appears in Popper's reply to which philosopher?

answer: Imre Lakatos

text: Imre Lakatos

question: What did general relativity do that made it tentatively acceptable when it was proposed?

answer: explained the empirical refutations of Newton's theory

text: explained the empirical refutations of Newton's theory

question: In contrast to Gray, which theory did Popper argue was at least equally consistent with Newton's on the available evidence?

answer: Einstein's theory

text: Einstein's theory


text: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Architecture

text: Latin

text: architectura

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: ἀρχιτέκτων

text: arkhitekton

text: architect

text: from

text: ἀρχι-

text: chief

text: and

text: τέκτων

text: builder

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: planning

text: designing

text: and

text: constructing

text: buildings

text: and

text: other

text: physical

text: structures

text: Architectural

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: material

text: form

text: of

text: buildings

text: are

text: often

text: perceived

text: as

text: cultural

text: symbols

text: and

text: as

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: Historical

text: civilizations

text: are

text: often

text: identified

text: with

text: their

text: surviving

text: architectural

text: achievements

question: What is the latin word for architecture?

answer: Architectural

text: Architectural

question: What is the Latin word for architecture?

answer: architectura

text: architectura

question: What do you call the planning and building of buildings?

answer: Architecture

text: Architecture

question: What structures can be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures?

answer: Architectural works

text: Architectural works

question: Civilizations from the past cane often be identified by what surviving structures?

answer: architectural achievements

text: architectural achievements

question: In what language does the word "architecture" have its origins?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What two words is "architecture" a combination of?

answer: ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder"

text: ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder"

question: Architecture involves the creation of what?

answer: buildings and other physical structures

text: buildings and other physical structures

question: Aside from symbolizing cultures, what else are architectural works thought of as?

answer: as works of art

text: as works of art

question: What can extant architectural works be used to identify?

answer: Historical civilizations

text: Historical civilizations


text: It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had already been found by the requirements review. With the advent of modern continuous deployment practices and cloud-based services, the cost of re-deployment and maintenance may lessen over time.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: It

text: is

text: commonly

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: earlier

text: a

text: defect

text: is

text: found

text: the

text: cheaper

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: fix

text: it

text: The

text: following

text: table

text: shows

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: fixing

text: the

text: defect

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: stage

text: it

text: was

text: found

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: a

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: requirements

text: is

text: found

text: only

text: post

text: release

text: then

text: it

text: would

text: cost

text: times

text: more

text: to

text: fix

text: than

text: if

text: it

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: found

text: by

text: the

text: requirements

text: review

text: With

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: modern

text: continuous

text: deployment

text: practices

text: and

text: cloud

text: based

text: services

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: re

text: deployment

text: and

text: maintenance

text: may

text: lessen

text: over

text: time

question: What determines the cost of fixing a bug?

answer: the earlier a defect is found

text: the earlier a defect is found

question: Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release?

answer: 10–100 times more

text: 10–100 times more

question: What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software?

answer: cloud-based services

text: cloud-based services


text: In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: In

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: computers

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: RAM

text: cache

text: memories

text: which

text: are

text: slower

text: than

text: registers

text: but

text: faster

text: than

text: main

text: memory

text: Generally

text: computers

text: with

text: this

text: sort

text: of

text: cache

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: move

text: frequently

text: needed

text: data

text: into

text: the

text: cache

text: automatically

text: often

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: any

text: intervention

text: on

text: the

text: programmer

text: 's

text: part

question: RAM cache memory is slower than what?

answer: registers

text: registers


text: Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: Although

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Census

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: Community

text: Survey

text: Some

text: other

text: race

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: official

text: race

text: and

text: the

text: Bureau

text: considered

text: eliminating

text: it

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: As

text: the

text: census

text: form

text: did

text: not

text: contain

text: the

text: question

text: titled

text: Ancestry

text: found

text: in

text: prior

text: censuses

text: there

text: were

text: campaigns

text: to

text: get

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: West

text: Indian

text: Americans

text: Turkish

text: Americans

text: Armenian

text: Americans

text: Arab

text: Americans

text: and

text: Iranian

text: Americans

text: to

text: indicate

text: their

text: ethnic

text: or

text: national

text: background

text: through

text: the

text: race

text: question

text: specifically

text: the

text: Some

text: other

text: race

text: category

question: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?

answer: Some other race

text: Some other race

question: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?

answer: 2010

question: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?

answer: Some other race

text: Some other race

question: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?

answer: the American Community Survey

text: the American Community Survey


text: More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded, but was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries, notably with earth from the leveling or lowering of Boston's three original hills (the "Trimountain", after which Tremont Street is named), and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay. Downtown and its immediate surroundings consists largely of low-rise (often Federal style and Greek Revival) masonry buildings, interspersed with modern highrises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston. Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings—the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center. Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent illuminated beacon, the color of which forecasts the weather. Smaller commercial areas are interspersed among areas of single-family homes and wooden/brick multi-family row houses. The South End Historic District is the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the US. The geography of downtown and South Boston was particularly impacted by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (known unofficially as the "Big Dig"), which allowed for the removal of the unsightly elevated Central Artery and the incorporation of new green spaces and open areas.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: More

text: than

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: inner

text: Boston

text: 's

text: modern

text: land

text: area

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: when

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: founded

text: but

text: was

text: created

text: via

text: the

text: gradual

text: filling

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: tidal

text: areas

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: notably

text: with

text: earth

text: from

text: the

text: leveling

text: or

text: lowering

text: of

text: Boston

text: 's

text: three

text: original

text: hills

text: the

text: Trimountain

text: after

text: which

text: Tremont

text: Street

text: is

text: named

text: and

text: with

text: gravel

text: brought

text: by

text: train

text: from

text: Needham

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: Back

text: Bay

text: Downtown

text: and

text: its

text: immediate

text: surroundings

text: consists

text: largely

text: of

text: low

text: rise

text: often

text: Federal

text: style

text: and

text: Greek

text: Revival

text: masonry

text: buildings

text: interspersed

text: with

text: modern

text: highrises

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: Financial

text: District

text: Government

text: Center

text: and

text: South

text: Boston

text: Back

text: Bay

text: includes

text: many

text: prominent

text: landmarks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Boston

text: Public

text: Library

text: Christian

text: Science

text: Center

text: Copley

text: Square

text: Newbury

text: Street

text: and

text: New

text: England

text: 's

text: two

text: tallest

text: buildings

text: the

text: John

text: Hancock

text: Tower

text: and

text: the

text: Prudential

text: Center

text: Near

text: the

text: John

text: Hancock

text: Tower

text: is

text: the

text: old

text: John

text: Hancock

text: Building

text: with

text: its

text: prominent

text: illuminated

text: beacon

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: which

text: forecasts

text: the

text: weather

text: Smaller

text: commercial

text: areas

text: are

text: interspersed

text: among

text: areas

text: of

text: single

text: family

text: homes

text: and

text: wooden

text: brick

text: multi

text: family

text: row

text: houses

text: The

text: South

text: End

text: Historic

text: District

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: surviving

text: contiguous

text: Victorian

text: era

text: neighborhood

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: The

text: geography

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: South

text: Boston

text: was

text: particularly

text: impacted

text: by

text: the

text: Central

text: Artery

text: Tunnel

text: Project

text: known

text: unofficially

text: as

text: the

text: Big

text: Dig

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: unsightly

text: elevated

text: Central

text: Artery

text: and

text: the

text: incorporation

text: of

text: new

text: green

text: spaces

text: and

text: open

text: areas

question: How much of Inner Bostons land area did not exist when the city was founded?

answer: More than two-thirds

text: More than two-thirds

question: The modern land area was created by the gradual filling in of surrounding what?

answer: tidal areas

text: tidal areas

question: Tremont Street is named after what original hill in Boston?

answer: Trimountain

text: Trimountain

question: A train full of gravel came from Needham to fill what?

answer: the Back Bay

text: the Back Bay

question: The Boston Public Library is located in what part of Boston?

answer: the Back Bay

text: the Back Bay


text: Fears decreased when Stalin died in 1953 and Nikita Khruschev emerged as the Soviet Union's new leader. Soon, life in Soviet Armenia began to see rapid improvement. The church, which suffered greatly under Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. This occurred after mass demonstrations took place on the tragic event's fiftieth anniversary in 1965.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Fears

text: decreased

text: when

text: Stalin

text: died

text: in

text: and

text: Nikita

text: Khruschev

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: new

text: leader

text: Soon

text: life

text: in

text: Soviet

text: Armenia

text: began

text: to

text: see

text: rapid

text: improvement

text: The

text: church

text: which

text: suffered

text: greatly

text: under

text: Stalin

text: was

text: revived

text: when

text: Catholicos

text: Vazgen

text: I

text: assumed

text: the

text: duties

text: of

text: his

text: office

text: in

text: In

text: a

text: memorial

text: to

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: was

text: built

text: at

text: the

text: Tsitsernakaberd

text: hill

text: above

text: the

text: Hrazdan

text: gorge

text: in

text: Yerevan

text: This

text: occurred

text: after

text: mass

text: demonstrations

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: the

text: tragic

text: event

text: 's

text: fiftieth

text: anniversary

text: in

question: Who succeeded Stalin?

answer: Nikita Khruschev

text: Nikita Khruschev

question: When was the Armenian Genocide Memorial constructed?

answer: 1967

question: When did Vazgen acquire his position?

answer: 1955

question: When did Stalin pass away?

answer: 1953

question: Where is the memorial for the Armenian Genocide?

answer: Yerevan

text: Yerevan


text: As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. After the Empire lost the Balkan Wars (1912–13), it lost all its Balkan territories except East Thrace (European Turkey). This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule. Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922 several million Muslims died in the Balkans, with the expulsion of a similar number.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: As

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: gradually

text: shrank

text: in

text: size

text: some

text: million

text: Turkish

text: Muslims

text: from

text: its

text: former

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Crimea

text: Balkans

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: islands

text: migrated

text: to

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Thrace

text: After

text: the

text: Empire

text: lost

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Wars

text: it

text: lost

text: all

text: its

text: Balkan

text: territories

text: except

text: East

text: Thrace

text: European

text: Turkey

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: around

text: Muslims

text: fleeing

text: with

text: the

text: retreating

text: Ottoman

text: armies

text: with

text: many

text: dying

text: from

text: cholera

text: brought

text: by

text: the

text: soldiers

text: and

text: with

text: some

text: non

text: Muslims

text: fleeing

text: territory

text: still

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: Justin

text: McCarthy

text: estimates

text: that

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: to

text: several

text: million

text: Muslims

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: with

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: a

text: similar

text: number

question: Millions of Muslims left the empire and migrated to what places?

answer: Anatolia and Eastern Thrace

text: Anatolia and Eastern Thrace

question: When did the Balkan Wars take place?

answer: 1912–13

question: What was the sole territory that the empire kept in the Balkans after 1913?

answer: East Thrace (European Turkey)

text: East Thrace (European Turkey)

question: How many Muslims fled the Balkans with the Ottoman armies?

answer: 400,000

question: Which individual estimated millions of Muslim deaths in the Balkans in the late 19th and early 20th century?

answer: Justin McCarthy

text: Justin McCarthy


text: Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Congress

text: acted

text: defiantly

text: toward

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: by

text: passing

text: the

text: Drug

text: Kingpin

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Death

text: Penalty

text: Act

text: of

text: that

text: made

text: roughly

text: fifty

text: crimes

text: punishable

text: by

text: death

text: including

text: crimes

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: always

text: involve

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: someone

text: Such

text: non

text: death

text: capital

text: offenses

text: include

text: treason

text: espionage

text: spying

text: for

text: another

text: country

text: and

text: high

text: level

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: Since

text: no

text: one

text: has

text: yet

text: been

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: for

text: such

text: non

text: death

text: capital

text: offenses

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: not

text: ruled

text: on

text: their

text: constitutionality

question: Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?

answer: fifty

text: fifty

question: What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: What is another term for the act of spying for another country?

answer: espionage

text: espionage

question: Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime?

answer: high-level drug trafficking

text: high-level drug trafficking


text: The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage. Walter von Cronberg, the next Grand Master, was enfeoffed with the title to Prussia after the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, but the Order never regained possession of the territory. In 1569 the Hohenzollern prince-electors of the Margraviate of Brandenburg became co-regents with Albert's son, the feeble-minded Albert Frederick.

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: The

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: lost

text: eastern

text: Prussia

text: when

text: Grand

text: Master

text: Albert

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: Ansbach

text: converted

text: to

text: Lutheranism

text: and

text: secularized

text: the

text: Prussian

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: in

text: Albert

text: established

text: himself

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: duke

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: a

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: crown

text: by

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Homage

text: Walter

text: von

text: Cronberg

text: the

text: next

text: Grand

text: Master

text: was

text: enfeoffed

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: to

text: Prussia

text: after

text: the

text: Diet

text: of

text: Augsburg

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: Order

text: never

text: regained

text: possession

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: In

text: the

text: Hohenzollern

text: prince

text: electors

text: of

text: the

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: became

text: co

text: regents

text: with

text: Albert

text: 's

text: son

text: the

text: feeble

text: minded

text: Albert

text: Frederick

question: Who converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order?

answer: Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach

text: Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach

question: In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia?

answer: 1525

question: What did Albert establish himself as?

answer: first duke of the Duchy of Prussia

text: first duke of the Duchy of Prussia


text: Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526, and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel, Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the "fallen city" of Geneva. His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life. After the establishment of the Geneva academy in 1559, Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement, providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries. The faith continued to spread after Calvin's death in 1563.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Following

text: the

text: excommunication

text: of

text: Luther

text: and

text: condemnation

text: of

text: the

text: Reformation

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: the

text: work

text: and

text: writings

text: of

text: John

text: Calvin

text: were

text: influential

text: in

text: establishing

text: a

text: loose

text: consensus

text: among

text: various

text: groups

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Scotland

text: Hungary

text: Germany

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: After

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: its

text: Bishop

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: unsuccessful

text: attempts

text: of

text: the

text: Bern

text: reformer

text: William

text: Farel

text: Calvin

text: was

text: asked

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: organisational

text: skill

text: he

text: had

text: gathered

text: as

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: law

text: to

text: discipline

text: the

text: fallen

text: city

text: of

text: Geneva

text: His

text: Ordinances

text: of

text: involved

text: a

text: collaboration

text: of

text: Church

text: affairs

text: with

text: the

text: City

text: council

text: and

text: consistory

text: to

text: bring

text: morality

text: to

text: all

text: areas

text: of

text: life

text: After

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Geneva

text: academy

text: in

text: Geneva

text: became

text: the

text: unofficial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: movement

text: providing

text: refuge

text: for

text: Protestant

text: exiles

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: Europe

text: and

text: educating

text: them

text: as

text: Calvinist

text: missionaries

text: The

text: faith

text: continued

text: to

text: spread

text: after

text: Calvin

text: 's

text: death

text: in

question: Who condemned the Reformation?

answer: the Pope

text: the Pope

question: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?

answer: John Calvin

text: John Calvin

question: What city became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement?

answer: Geneva

text: Geneva

question: When did John Calvin die?

answer: 1563

question: What type of missionaries were taught in Geneva?

answer: Calvinist

text: Calvinist


text: The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: The

text: Obama

text: administration

text: began

text: to

text: reengage

text: in

text: Iraq

text: with

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: airstrikes

text: aimed

text: at

text: ISIS

text: beginning

text: on

text: August

text: On

text: September

text: President

text: Obama

text: said

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: authority

text: he

text: needed

text: to

text: take

text: action

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: militant

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Islamic

text: State

text: of

text: Iraq

text: and

text: the

text: Levant

text: citing

text: the

text: Authorization

text: for

text: Use

text: of

text: Military

text: Force

text: Against

text: Terrorists

text: and

text: thus

text: did

text: not

text: require

text: additional

text: approval

text: from

text: Congress

text: The

text: following

text: day

text: on

text: September

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: made

text: a

text: televised

text: speech

text: about

text: ISIL

text: which

text: he

text: stated

text: Our

text: objective

text: is

text: clear

text: We

text: will

text: degrade

text: and

text: ultimately

text: destroy

text: ISIL

text: through

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: and

text: sustained

text: counter

text: terrorism

text: strategy

text: Obama

text: has

text: authorized

text: the

text: deployment

text: of

text: additional

text: U.S.

text: Forces

text: into

text: Iraq

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: authorizing

text: direct

text: military

text: operations

text: against

text: ISIL

text: within

text: Syria

text: On

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: September

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Bahrain

text: the

text: UAE

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Qatar

text: started

text: air

text: attacks

text: against

text: ISIS

text: in

text: Syria.[citation

text: needed

question: When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS?

answer: 10 August 2014

text: 10 August 2014

question: What law did Obama cite on Sep 9, 2014?

answer: the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

text: the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

question: When did Obama make a speech about ISIS on TV?

answer: 10 September 2014

text: 10 September 2014

question: Which countries worked together to bomb ISIS on Sep 21-22, 2014?

answer: the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar

text: the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar

question: Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?

answer: Syria

text: Syria


text: Eavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that operate as a closed system (i.e., with no contact to the outside world) can be eavesdropped upon via monitoring the faint electro-magnetic transmissions generated by the hardware; TEMPEST is a specification by the NSA referring to these attacks.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: Eavesdropping

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: surreptitiously

text: listening

text: to

text: a

text: private

text: conversation

text: typically

text: between

text: hosts

text: on

text: a

text: network

text: For

text: instance

text: programs

text: such

text: as

text: Carnivore

text: and

text: NarusInsight

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: FBI

text: and

text: NSA

text: to

text: eavesdrop

text: on

text: the

text: systems

text: of

text: internet

text: service

text: providers

text: Even

text: machines

text: that

text: operate

text: as

text: a

text: closed

text: system

text: i.e.

text: with

text: no

text: contact

text: to

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: can

text: be

text: eavesdropped

text: upon

text: via

text: monitoring

text: the

text: faint

text: electro

text: magnetic

text: transmissions

text: generated

text: by

text: the

text: hardware

text: TEMPEST

text: is

text: a

text: specification

text: by

text: the

text: NSA

text: referring

text: to

text: these

text: attacks

question: What is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation?

answer: Eavesdropping

text: Eavesdropping

question: Conversations that people eavesdrop on are typically between who?

answer: hosts on a network

text: hosts on a network

question: Who has used programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers?

answer: the FBI and NSA

text: the FBI and NSA

question: Eavesdropping on a closed system via the faint electro-magnetic trasmissions generated by the hardware has been referred to as what by the NSA?

answer: TEMPEST

text: TEMPEST

question: What are machines that operate with no contact to the outside world called?

answer: a closed system

text: a closed system


text: Soon after the war began, General MacArthur had begun planning a landing at Incheon, but the Pentagon opposed him. When authorized, he activated a combined U.S. Army and Marine Corps, and ROK Army force. The X Corps, led by General Edward Almond, Commander, consisted of 40,000 men of the 1st Marine Division, the 7th Infantry Division and around 8,600 ROK Army soldiers. By 15 September, the amphibious assault force faced few KPA defenders at Incheon: military intelligence, psychological warfare, guerrilla reconnaissance, and protracted bombardment facilitated a relatively light battle. However, the bombardment destroyed most of the city of Incheon.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Soon

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: began

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: had

text: begun

text: planning

text: a

text: landing

text: at

text: Incheon

text: but

text: the

text: Pentagon

text: opposed

text: him

text: When

text: authorized

text: he

text: activated

text: a

text: combined

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: and

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: and

text: ROK

text: Army

text: force

text: The

text: X

text: Corps

text: led

text: by

text: General

text: Edward

text: Almond

text: Commander

text: consisted

text: of

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: Marine

text: Division

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: and

text: around

text: ROK

text: Army

text: soldiers

text: By

text: September

text: the

text: amphibious

text: assault

text: force

text: faced

text: few

text: KPA

text: defenders

text: at

text: Incheon

text: military

text: intelligence

text: psychological

text: warfare

text: guerrilla

text: reconnaissance

text: and

text: protracted

text: bombardment

text: facilitated

text: a

text: relatively

text: light

text: battle

text: However

text: the

text: bombardment

text: destroyed

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Incheon

question: Who initially opposed General MacArthur's landing plan?

answer: the Pentagon

text: the Pentagon

question: What Corps included 40,000 men from the 1st Marine Division?

answer: The X Corps

text: The X Corps

question: Who coordinated the efforts of the ROK Army, Marine Corps and the US Army to stage a successful battle?

answer: General Edward Almond

text: General Edward Almond