text: A new approach to avoiding overhead wires is taken by the "second generation" tram/streetcar system in Bordeaux, France (entry into service of the first line in December 2003; original system discontinued in 1958) with its APS (alimentation par sol – ground current feed). This involves a third rail which is flush with the surface like the tops of the running rails. The circuit is divided into segments with each segment energized in turn by sensors from the car as it passes over it, the remainder of the third rail remaining "dead". Since each energized segment is completely covered by the lengthy articulated cars, and goes dead before being "uncovered" by the passage of the vehicle, there is no danger to pedestrians. This system has also been adopted in some sections of the new tram systems in Reims, France (opened 2011) and Angers, France (also opened 2011). Proposals are in place for a number of other new services including Dubai, UAE; Barcelona, Spain; Florence, Italy; Marseille, France; Gold Coast, Australia; Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; Brasília, Brazil and Tours, France.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: A

text: new

text: approach

text: to

text: avoiding

text: overhead

text: wires

text: is

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: second

text: generation

text: tram

text: streetcar

text: system

text: in

text: Bordeaux

text: France

text: entry

text: into

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: line

text: in

text: December

text: original

text: system

text: discontinued

text: in

text: with

text: its

text: APS

text: alimentation

text: par

text: sol

text: ground

text: current

text: feed

text: This

text: involves

text: a

text: third

text: rail

text: which

text: is

text: flush

text: with

text: the

text: surface

text: like

text: the

text: tops

text: of

text: the

text: running

text: rails

text: The

text: circuit

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: segments

text: with

text: each

text: segment

text: energized

text: in

text: turn

text: by

text: sensors

text: from

text: the

text: car

text: as

text: it

text: passes

text: over

text: it

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: rail

text: remaining

text: dead

text: Since

text: each

text: energized

text: segment

text: is

text: completely

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: lengthy

text: articulated

text: cars

text: and

text: goes

text: dead

text: before

text: being

text: uncovered

text: by

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: danger

text: to

text: pedestrians

text: This

text: system

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: adopted

text: in

text: some

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: tram

text: systems

text: in

text: Reims

text: France

text: opened

text: and

text: Angers

text: France

text: also

text: opened

text: Proposals

text: are

text: in

text: place

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: new

text: services

text: including

text: Dubai

text: UAE

text: Barcelona

text: Spain

text: Florence

text: Italy

text: Marseille

text: France

text: Gold

text: Coast

text: Australia

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: U.S.A.

text: Brasília

text: Brazil

text: and

text: Tours

text: France

question: What year the "second generation" of tram system began to operate in France?

answer: 2003

question: When was the original system discontinued?

answer: 1958

question: How is the circuit of the third rail divided?

answer: energized segment

text: energized segment

question: Does energized segment of third rail pose the threat to pedestrians if uncovered?

answer: no danger

text: no danger


text: The geographical terms "Near East" and "Far East" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies of the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Germans, fit together as a pair based on the opposites of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century. Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: geographical

text: terms

text: Near

text: East

text: and

text: Far

text: East

text: referring

text: to

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: globe

text: in

text: or

text: contiguous

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: neighboring

text: colonies

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Portuguese

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Germans

text: fit

text: together

text: as

text: a

text: pair

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: opposites

text: of

text: far

text: and

text: near

text: suggesting

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: innovated

text: together

text: They

text: appear

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: journals

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Both

text: terms

text: were

text: used

text: before

text: then

text: with

text: local

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: meanings

text: the

text: near

text: or

text: far

text: east

text: of

text: a

text: field

text: village

text: or

text: shire

question: The terms "Near East" and "Far East" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies fit together as a pair based on what?

answer: the opposites of far and near

text: the opposites of far and near

question: When do the terms "Near East" and "Far East" appear together in journals?

answer: the mid-19th century

text: the mid-19th century

question: The term Near East and Far East were used in British and American meanings when referring to what?

answer: the near or far east of a field, village or shire.

text: the near or far east of a field, village or shire.


text: Ecclesiam suam was given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of the Transfiguration, 6 August 1964, the second year of his Pontificate. It is considered an important document, identifying the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ. A later Council document Lumen Gentium stated that the Church subsists in the Body of Christ, raising questions as to the difference between "is" and "subsists in". Paul VI appealed to "all people of good will" and discussed necessary dialogues within the Church and between the Churches and with atheism.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Ecclesiam

text: suam

text: was

text: given

text: at

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Rome

text: on

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: the

text: Transfiguration

text: August

text: the

text: second

text: year

text: of

text: his

text: Pontificate

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: important

text: document

text: identifying

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: with

text: the

text: Body

text: of

text: Christ

text: A

text: later

text: Council

text: document

text: Lumen

text: Gentium

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: Church

text: subsists

text: in

text: the

text: Body

text: of

text: Christ

text: raising

text: questions

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: is

text: and

text: subsists

text: in

text: Paul

text: VI

text: appealed

text: to

text: all

text: people

text: of

text: good

text: will

text: and

text: discussed

text: necessary

text: dialogues

text: within

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: between

text: the

text: Churches

text: and

text: with

text: atheism

question: What catholic document compares the Catholic church to the body of Christ?

answer: Ecclesiam suam

text: Ecclesiam suam

question: What document declares that the Roman Catholic church lives within the body of Christ?

answer: Lumen Gentium

text: Lumen Gentium

question: What was being celebrated in the Catholic calendar when the Eccelsiam suam was given in 1964?

answer: Feast of the Transfiguration

text: Feast of the Transfiguration

question: On what date is the Feat of Transfiguration celebrated?

answer: 6 August

text: 6 August

question: In what city  is the cathedral of St Peter's  located?

answer: Rome

text: Rome


text: Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Attempts

text: are

text: frequently

text: made

text: to

text: regulate

text: emotion

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: conventions

text: of

text: the

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: situation

text: based

text: on

text: many

text: sometimes

text: conflicting

text: demands

text: and

text: expectations

text: which

text: originate

text: from

text: various

text: entities

text: The

text: emotion

text: of

text: anger

text: is

text: in

text: many

text: cultures

text: discouraged

text: in

text: girls

text: and

text: women

text: while

text: fear

text: is

text: discouraged

text: in

text: boys

text: and

text: men

text: Expectations

text: attached

text: to

text: social

text: roles

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: as

text: man

text: and

text: not

text: as

text: a

text: woman

text: and

text: the

text: accompanying

text: feeling

text: rules

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: expression

text: of

text: certain

text: emotions

text: Some

text: cultures

text: encourage

text: or

text: discourage

text: happiness

text: sadness

text: or

text: jealousy

text: and

text: the

text: free

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: emotion

text: of

text: disgust

text: is

text: considered

text: socially

text: unacceptable

text: in

text: most

text: cultures

text: Some

text: social

text: institutions

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: based

text: on

text: certain

text: emotion

text: such

text: as

text: love

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: contemporary

text: institution

text: of

text: marriage

text: In

text: advertising

text: such

text: as

text: health

text: campaigns

text: and

text: political

text: messages

text: emotional

text: appeals

text: are

text: commonly

text: found

text: Recent

text: examples

text: include

text: no

text: smoking

text: health

text: campaigns

text: and

text: political

text: campaigns

text: emphasizing

text: the

text: fear

text: of

text: terrorism

question: What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?

answer: anger

text: anger

question: Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?

answer: fear

text: fear

question: The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?

answer: disgust

text: disgust

question: What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?

answer: marriage

text: marriage

question: What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?

answer: fear

text: fear


text: Both Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few young people speak Alsatian today, although there do still exist one or two enclaves in the Sundgau region where some older inhabitants cannot speak French, and where Alsatian is still used as the mother tongue. A related Alemannic German survives on the opposite bank of the Rhine, in Baden, and especially in Switzerland. However, while French is the major language of the region, the Alsatian dialect of French is heavily influenced by German and other languages such a Yiddish in phonology and vocabulary.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Both

text: Alsatian

text: and

text: Standard

text: German

text: were

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: banned

text: from

text: public

text: life

text: including

text: street

text: and

text: city

text: names

text: official

text: administration

text: and

text: educational

text: system

text: Though

text: the

text: ban

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: lifted

text: and

text: street

text: signs

text: today

text: are

text: often

text: bilingual

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: is

text: today

text: very

text: French

text: in

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: Few

text: young

text: people

text: speak

text: Alsatian

text: today

text: although

text: there

text: do

text: still

text: exist

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: enclaves

text: in

text: the

text: Sundgau

text: region

text: where

text: some

text: older

text: inhabitants

text: can

text: not

text: speak

text: French

text: and

text: where

text: Alsatian

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: tongue

text: A

text: related

text: Alemannic

text: German

text: survives

text: on

text: the

text: opposite

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: in

text: Baden

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: However

text: while

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: Alsatian

text: dialect

text: of

text: French

text: is

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: German

text: and

text: other

text: languages

text: such

text: a

text: Yiddish

text: in

text: phonology

text: and

text: vocabulary

question: Which two dialects were banned from public life?

answer: Alsatian and Standard German

text: Alsatian and Standard German

question: What did the banning of the two dialects  include?

answer: street and city names, official administration, and educational system

text: street and city names, official administration, and educational system

question: Although Aslation is rarely used today, which region still uses their mother language of Aslation?

answer: Sundgau region

text: Sundgau region

question: What other language besides French and German are part of the Aslation-French dialect of today?

answer: Yiddish

text: Yiddish


text: As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: That

text: represents

text: a

text: population

text: increase

text: of

text: just

text: under

text: from

text: the

text: people

text: households

text: and

text: families

text: reported

text: in

text: The

text: estimated

text: city

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: was

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: The

text: racial

text: makeup

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: White

text: African

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: Asian

text: Filipino

text: Chinese

text: Vietnamese

text: Indian

text: Korean

text: Japanese

text: Laotian

text: Cambodian

text: Thai

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: Guamanian

text: Samoan

text: Native

text: Hawaiian

text: from

text: other

text: races

text: and

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: The

text: ethnic

text: makeup

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: were

text: Mexican

text: American

text: and

text: were

text: Puerto

text: Rican

question: What was the population density of San Diego in 2009?

answer: 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)

text: 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)

question: What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009?

answer: Asian

text: Asian

question: In 2009, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?

answer: 28.8%

question: What was San Diego's population at the time of the 2010 census?

answer: 1,307,402

question: What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010?

answer: just under 7%

text: just under 7%


text: A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: A

text: corrupt

text: dictatorship

text: typically

text: results

text: in

text: many

text: years

text: of

text: general

text: hardship

text: and

text: suffering

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: citizens

text: as

text: civil

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: disintegrate

text: In

text: addition

text: corrupt

text: dictators

text: routinely

text: ignore

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: problems

text: in

text: their

text: quest

text: to

text: amass

text: ever

text: more

text: wealth

text: and

text: power

question: In their pursuit of more money and power, corrupt dictators often ignore what?

answer: economic and social problems

text: economic and social problems


text: The uncatalyzed interconversion between para and ortho H2 increases with increasing temperature; thus rapidly condensed H2 contains large quantities of the high-energy ortho form that converts to the para form very slowly. The ortho/para ratio in condensed H2 is an important consideration in the preparation and storage of liquid hydrogen: the conversion from ortho to para is exothermic and produces enough heat to evaporate some of the hydrogen liquid, leading to loss of liquefied material. Catalysts for the ortho-para interconversion, such as ferric oxide, activated carbon, platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some nickel compounds, are used during hydrogen cooling.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: The

text: uncatalyzed

text: interconversion

text: between

text: para

text: and

text: ortho

text: increases

text: with

text: increasing

text: temperature

text: thus

text: rapidly

text: condensed

text: contains

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: the

text: high

text: energy

text: ortho

text: form

text: that

text: converts

text: to

text: the

text: para

text: form

text: very

text: slowly

text: The

text: ortho

text: para

text: ratio

text: in

text: condensed

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: consideration

text: in

text: the

text: preparation

text: and

text: storage

text: of

text: liquid

text: hydrogen

text: the

text: conversion

text: from

text: ortho

text: to

text: para

text: is

text: exothermic

text: and

text: produces

text: enough

text: heat

text: to

text: evaporate

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: liquid

text: leading

text: to

text: loss

text: of

text: liquefied

text: material

text: Catalysts

text: for

text: the

text: ortho

text: para

text: interconversion

text: such

text: as

text: ferric

text: oxide

text: activated

text: carbon

text: platinized

text: asbestos

text: rare

text: earth

text: metals

text: uranium

text: compounds

text: chromic

text: oxide

text: or

text: some

text: nickel

text: compounds

text: are

text: used

text: during

text: hydrogen

text: cooling

question: What are some catalysts used in hydrogen cooling

answer: ferric oxide, activated carbon, platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some nickel compounds

text: ferric oxide, activated carbon, platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some nickel compounds


text: Bell is also credited with developing one of the early versions of a metal detector in 1881. The device was quickly put together in an attempt to find the bullet in the body of U.S. President James Garfield. According to some accounts, the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find the assassin's bullet partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument, resulting in static. The president's surgeons, who were skeptical of the device, ignored Bell's requests to move the president to a bed not fitted with metal springs. Alternatively, although Bell had detected a slight sound on his first test, the bullet may have been lodged too deeply to be detected by the crude apparatus.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: is

text: also

text: credited

text: with

text: developing

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: versions

text: of

text: a

text: metal

text: detector

text: in

text: The

text: device

text: was

text: quickly

text: put

text: together

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: find

text: the

text: bullet

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: U.S.

text: President

text: James

text: Garfield

text: According

text: to

text: some

text: accounts

text: the

text: metal

text: detector

text: worked

text: flawlessly

text: in

text: tests

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: find

text: the

text: assassin

text: 's

text: bullet

text: partly

text: because

text: the

text: metal

text: bed

text: frame

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: President

text: was

text: lying

text: disturbed

text: the

text: instrument

text: resulting

text: in

text: static

text: The

text: president

text: 's

text: surgeons

text: who

text: were

text: skeptical

text: of

text: the

text: device

text: ignored

text: Bell

text: 's

text: requests

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: president

text: to

text: a

text: bed

text: not

text: fitted

text: with

text: metal

text: springs

text: Alternatively

text: although

text: Bell

text: had

text: detected

text: a

text: slight

text: sound

text: on

text: his

text: first

text: test

text: the

text: bullet

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: lodged

text: too

text: deeply

text: to

text: be

text: detected

text: by

text: the

text: crude

text: apparatus

question: What did Bell create in 1881?

answer: metal detector

text: metal detector

question: What was in James Garfield that they wanted to get out?

answer: bullet

text: bullet

question: What did Bell think was wrong with the bed, which prevented his machine from finding the bullet?

answer: metal bed frame

text: metal bed frame

question: On which run did Bell's metal detector give a small indication?

answer: first

text: first

question: When did Bell's metal detector work well?

answer: in tests

text: in tests


text: Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Translation

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: school

text: of

text: writing

text: for

text: many

text: authors

text: Translators

text: including

text: monks

text: who

text: spread

text: Buddhist

text: texts

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: European

text: translators

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: their

text: work

text: have

text: shaped

text: the

text: very

text: languages

text: into

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: translated

text: They

text: have

text: acted

text: as

text: bridges

text: for

text: conveying

text: knowledge

text: between

text: cultures

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: ideas

text: they

text: have

text: imported

text: from

text: the

text: source

text: languages

text: into

text: their

text: own

text: languages

text: loanwords

text: and

text: calques

text: of

text: grammatical

text: structures

text: idioms

text: and

text: vocabulary

question: What has served as a school of writing for many authors?

answer: Translation

text: Translation

question: Who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia?

answer: monks

text: monks

question: What did translators shape in the course of their work?

answer: languages

text: languages

question: What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures?

answer: bridges

text: bridges

question: Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from?

answer: source languages

text: source languages


text: The 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales were likely to be more limited or to reissue LP albums on the smaller format for those people who had only 45 rpm players. LP albums could be purchased 1 EP at a time, with four items per EP, or in a boxed set with 3 EPs or 12 items. The large center hole on 45s allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms. EPs were generally discontinued by the late 1950s in the U.S. as three- and four-speed record players replaced the individual 45 players. One indication of the decline of the 45 rpm EP is that the last Columbia Records reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 45 rpm EP records, called Frank Sinatra (Columbia B-2641) was issued on December 7, 1959. The EP lasted considerably longer in Europe, and was a popular format during the 1960s for recordings by artists such as Serge Gainsbourg and the Beatles.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: rpm

text: discs

text: also

text: came

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: known

text: as

text: extended

text: play

text: EP

text: which

text: achieved

text: up

text: to

text: minutes

text: play

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: attenuating

text: and

text: possibly

text: compressing

text: the

text: sound

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: width

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: groove

text: EP

text: discs

text: were

text: cheaper

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: cases

text: where

text: unit

text: sales

text: were

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: limited

text: or

text: to

text: reissue

text: LP

text: albums

text: on

text: the

text: smaller

text: format

text: for

text: those

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: only

text: rpm

text: players

text: LP

text: albums

text: could

text: be

text: purchased

text: EP

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: with

text: four

text: items

text: per

text: EP

text: or

text: in

text: a

text: boxed

text: set

text: with

text: EPs

text: or

text: items

text: The

text: large

text: center

text: hole

text: on

text: allows

text: for

text: easier

text: handling

text: by

text: jukebox

text: mechanisms

text: EPs

text: were

text: generally

text: discontinued

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: as

text: three-

text: and

text: four

text: speed

text: record

text: players

text: replaced

text: the

text: individual

text: players

text: One

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: rpm

text: EP

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: last

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: reissue

text: of

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: songs

text: on

text: rpm

text: EP

text: records

text: called

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: Columbia

text: was

text: issued

text: on

text: December

text: The

text: EP

text: lasted

text: considerably

text: longer

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: popular

text: format

text: during

text: the

text: for

text: recordings

text: by

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Serge

text: Gainsbourg

text: and

text: the

text: Beatles

question: What do the initials EP stand for?

answer: extended play

text: extended play

question: Why were 45s more popular with jukeboxes?

answer: The large center hole

text: The large center hole

question: What format was phased out by the end of the 1950s?

answer: EPs

text: EPs

question: What was a benefit of EPs over LPs?

answer: EP discs were cheaper

text: EP discs were cheaper


text: The Lancashire economy relies strongly on the M6 motorway which runs from north to south, past Lancaster and Preston. The M55 connects Preston to Blackpool and is 11.5 miles (18.3 km) long. The M65 motorway from Colne, connects Burnley, Accrington, Blackburn to Preston. The M61 from Preston via Chorley and the M66 starting 500 metres (0.3 mi) inside the county boundary near Edenfield, provide links between Lancashire and Manchester] and the trans-Pennine M62. The M58 crosses the southernmost part of the county from the M6 near Wigan to Liverpool via Skelmersdale.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: The

text: Lancashire

text: economy

text: relies

text: strongly

text: on

text: the

text: motorway

text: which

text: runs

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: past

text: Lancaster

text: and

text: Preston

text: The

text: connects

text: Preston

text: to

text: Blackpool

text: and

text: is

text: miles

text: km

text: long

text: The

text: motorway

text: from

text: Colne

text: connects

text: Burnley

text: Accrington

text: Blackburn

text: to

text: Preston

text: The

text: from

text: Preston

text: via

text: Chorley

text: and

text: the

text: starting

text: metres

text: mi

text: inside

text: the

text: county

text: boundary

text: near

text: Edenfield

text: provide

text: links

text: between

text: Lancashire

text: and

text: Manchester

text: and

text: the

text: trans

text: Pennine

text: The

text: crosses

text: the

text: southernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: from

text: the

text: near

text: Wigan

text: to

text: Liverpool

text: via

text: Skelmersdale

question: What does the Lancashire economy rely on?

answer: the M6 motorway

text: the M6 motorway

question: Which direction does the M6 motorway run?

answer: north to south

text: north to south

question: What road connects Preston to Blackpool?

answer: The M55

text: The M55

question: Which road crosses the part of the county furthest south?

answer: M58


text: Prussia emerged from the war as a great power whose importance could no longer be challenged. Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced, as his debt to fortune (Russia’s volte-face after Elizabeth’s death) and to the British subsidy were soon forgotten while the memory of his energy and his military genius was strenuously kept alive. Russia, on the other hand, made one great invisible gain from the war: the elimination of French influence in Poland. The First Partition of Poland (1772) was to be a Russo-Prussian transaction, with Austria only reluctantly involved and with France simply ignored.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Prussia

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: war

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: power

text: whose

text: importance

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: challenged

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Great

text: ’s

text: personal

text: reputation

text: was

text: enormously

text: enhanced

text: as

text: his

text: debt

text: to

text: fortune

text: Russia

text: ’s

text: volte

text: face

text: after

text: Elizabeth

text: ’s

text: death

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: subsidy

text: were

text: soon

text: forgotten

text: while

text: the

text: memory

text: of

text: his

text: energy

text: and

text: his

text: military

text: genius

text: was

text: strenuously

text: kept

text: alive

text: Russia

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: made

text: one

text: great

text: invisible

text: gain

text: from

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: French

text: influence

text: in

text: Poland

text: The

text: First

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Russo

text: Prussian

text: transaction

text: with

text: Austria

text: only

text: reluctantly

text: involved

text: and

text: with

text: France

text: simply

text: ignored

question: What did the war do for the reputation of Frederick the Great?

answer: Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced

text: Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced

question: What was the general opinion of Frederick the Great military acumen?

answer: his military genius was strenuously kept alive

text: his military genius was strenuously kept alive

question: What good fortune from Russia assisted Frederick the Great?

answer: Russia’s volte-face

text: Russia’s volte-face

question: What gain did Russia make from the results of the war?

answer: Russia, on the other hand, made one great invisible gain from the war: the elimination of French influence in Poland

text: Russia, on the other hand, made one great invisible gain from the war: the elimination of French influence in Poland

question: What countries were party to The First Partition of Poland?

answer: a Russo-Prussian transaction, with Austria only reluctantly involved

text: a Russo-Prussian transaction, with Austria only reluctantly involved


text: Most records at NARA are in the public domain, as works of the federal government are excluded from copyright protection. However, records from other sources may still be protected by copyright or donor agreements. Executive Order 13526 directs originating agencies to declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA for long-term storage, but NARA also stores some classified documents until they can be declassified. Its Information Security Oversight Office monitors and sets policy for the U.S. government's security classification system.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: Most

text: records

text: at

text: NARA

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: domain

text: as

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: are

text: excluded

text: from

text: copyright

text: protection

text: However

text: records

text: from

text: other

text: sources

text: may

text: still

text: be

text: protected

text: by

text: copyright

text: or

text: donor

text: agreements

text: Executive

text: Order

text: directs

text: originating

text: agencies

text: to

text: declassify

text: documents

text: if

text: possible

text: before

text: shipment

text: to

text: NARA

text: for

text: long

text: term

text: storage

text: but

text: NARA

text: also

text: stores

text: some

text: classified

text: documents

text: until

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: declassified

text: Its

text: Information

text: Security

text: Oversight

text: Office

text: monitors

text: and

text: sets

text: policy

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: 's

text: security

text: classification

text: system

question: Most of NARA's holdings are available to sector?

answer: public domain

text: public domain

question: Federal government works are excluded from what legal protection?

answer: copyright

text: copyright

question: Some records at NARA are legally protected by what?

answer: copyright

text: copyright

question: What executive order directs agencies to declassify documents before sending them to NARA?

answer: Executive Order 13526

text: Executive Order 13526

question: What office of NARA oversees the declassification of classified materials?

answer: Information Security Oversight Office

text: Information Security Oversight Office


text: Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken. A notable exception is James Sheptycki's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region (2002), which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a description of how these transnational information and intelligence exchanges are transformed into police case-work. The study showed that transnational police information sharing was routinized in the cross-Channel region from 1968 on the basis of agreements directly between the police agencies and without any formal agreement between the countries concerned. By 1992, with the signing of the Schengen Treaty, which formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union, there were worries that much, if not all, of this intelligence sharing was opaque, raising questions about the efficacy of the accountability mechanisms governing police information sharing in Europe (Joubert and Bevers, 1996).

title: Police

title: Police

text: Not

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: empirical

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: practices

text: of

text: inter

text: transnational

text: information

text: and

text: intelligence

text: sharing

text: has

text: been

text: undertaken

text: A

text: notable

text: exception

text: is

text: James

text: Sheptycki

text: 's

text: study

text: of

text: police

text: cooperation

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: region

text: which

text: provides

text: a

text: systematic

text: content

text: analysis

text: of

text: information

text: exchange

text: files

text: and

text: a

text: description

text: of

text: how

text: these

text: transnational

text: information

text: and

text: intelligence

text: exchanges

text: are

text: transformed

text: into

text: police

text: case

text: work

text: The

text: study

text: showed

text: that

text: transnational

text: police

text: information

text: sharing

text: was

text: routinized

text: in

text: the

text: cross

text: Channel

text: region

text: from

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: agreements

text: directly

text: between

text: the

text: police

text: agencies

text: and

text: without

text: any

text: formal

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: countries

text: concerned

text: By

text: with

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Treaty

text: which

text: formalized

text: aspects

text: of

text: police

text: information

text: exchange

text: across

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: there

text: were

text: worries

text: that

text: much

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: this

text: intelligence

text: sharing

text: was

text: opaque

text: raising

text: questions

text: about

text: the

text: efficacy

text: of

text: the

text: accountability

text: mechanisms

text: governing

text: police

text: information

text: sharing

text: in

text: Europe

text: Joubert

text: and

text: Bevers

question: Where did Sheptycki study police cooperation?

answer: the English Channel region

text: the English Channel region

question: When did Sheptycki write about police cooperation?

answer: 2002

question: When did the Channel region establish routine cross-border policing?

answer: 1968

question: When was the Schengen Treaty signed?

answer: 1992

question: What did the Schengen Treaty do for policing?

answer: formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union

text: formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union


text: Life in the Roman Republic revolved around the city of Rome, and its famed seven hills. The city also had several theatres, gymnasiums, and many taverns, baths and brothels. Throughout the territory under Rome's control, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, to the residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word "palace" is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into apartment blocks.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Life

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: revolved

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: its

text: famed

text: seven

text: hills

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: had

text: several

text: theatres

text: gymnasiums

text: and

text: many

text: taverns

text: baths

text: and

text: brothels

text: Throughout

text: the

text: territory

text: under

text: Rome

text: 's

text: control

text: residential

text: architecture

text: ranged

text: from

text: very

text: modest

text: houses

text: to

text: country

text: villas

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: to

text: the

text: residences

text: on

text: the

text: elegant

text: Palatine

text: Hill

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: word

text: palace

text: is

text: derived

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: packed

text: into

text: apartment

text: blocks.[citation

text: needed

question: Where did the bulk of the cities populace live?

answer: the city center

text: the city center

question: What type of housing could be located in the city center?

answer: apartment blocks

text: apartment blocks

question: From what local area in Rome is the word palace borrowed from?

answer: Palatine Hill

text: Palatine Hill

question: How many areas in Rome could be called hills?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC] The death toll was probably about 35 million people in Europe, about one-third of the population. Towns were especially hard-hit because of their crowded conditions.[AD] Large areas of land were left sparsely inhabited, and in some places fields were left unworked. Wages rose as landlords sought to entice the reduced number of available workers to their fields. Further problems were lower rents and lower demand for food, both of which cut into agricultural income. Urban workers also felt that they had a right to greater earnings, and popular uprisings broke out across Europe. Among the uprisings were the jacquerie in France, the Peasants' Revolt in England, and revolts in the cities of Florence in Italy and Ghent and Bruges in Flanders. The trauma of the plague led to an increased piety throughout Europe, manifested by the foundation of new charities, the self-mortification of the flagellants, and the scapegoating of Jews. Conditions were further unsettled by the return of the plague throughout the rest of the 14th century; it continued to strike Europe periodically during the rest of the Middle Ages.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: These

text: troubles

text: were

text: followed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: a

text: pandemic

text: that

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: following

text: three

text: years.[AC

text: The

text: death

text: toll

text: was

text: probably

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: Europe

text: about

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Towns

text: were

text: especially

text: hard

text: hit

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: crowded

text: conditions.[AD

text: Large

text: areas

text: of

text: land

text: were

text: left

text: sparsely

text: inhabited

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: places

text: fields

text: were

text: left

text: unworked

text: Wages

text: rose

text: as

text: landlords

text: sought

text: to

text: entice

text: the

text: reduced

text: number

text: of

text: available

text: workers

text: to

text: their

text: fields

text: Further

text: problems

text: were

text: lower

text: rents

text: and

text: lower

text: demand

text: for

text: food

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: cut

text: into

text: agricultural

text: income

text: Urban

text: workers

text: also

text: felt

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: greater

text: earnings

text: and

text: popular

text: uprisings

text: broke

text: out

text: across

text: Europe

text: Among

text: the

text: uprisings

text: were

text: the

text: jacquerie

text: in

text: France

text: the

text: Peasants

text: Revolt

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: revolts

text: in

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Florence

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: Ghent

text: and

text: Bruges

text: in

text: Flanders

text: The

text: trauma

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: increased

text: piety

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: manifested

text: by

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: new

text: charities

text: the

text: self

text: mortification

text: of

text: the

text: flagellants

text: and

text: the

text: scapegoating

text: of

text: Jews

text: Conditions

text: were

text: further

text: unsettled

text: by

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: throughout

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: continued

text: to

text: strike

text: Europe

text: periodically

text: during

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: When did the Black Death start?

answer: 1347

question: How many million people died from the Black Death?

answer: 35

question: What popular uprising occurred in France during this period?

answer: the jacquerie

text: the jacquerie

question: What English popular revolt took place during this period?

answer: the Peasants' Revolt

text: the Peasants' Revolt

question: What Italian city experienced a popular revolt?

answer: Florence

text: Florence


text: The city of Kathmandu is named after Kasthamandap temple, that stood in Durbar Square. In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter". This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood, and used no iron nails nor supports. According to legend, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Kasthamandap

text: temple

text: that

text: stood

text: in

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: In

text: Sanskrit

text: Kastha

text: काष्ठ

text: means

text: wood

text: and

text: Mandap

text: /मण्डप

text: means

text: covered

text: shelter

text: This

text: temple

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Maru

text: Satal

text: in

text: the

text: Newar

text: language

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: by

text: King

text: Laxmi

text: Narsingh

text: Malla

text: The

text: two

text: storey

text: structure

text: was

text: made

text: entirely

text: of

text: wood

text: and

text: used

text: no

text: iron

text: nails

text: nor

text: supports

text: According

text: to

text: legend

text: all

text: the

text: timber

text: used

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: pagoda

text: was

text: obtained

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: tree

text: The

text: structure

text: collapsed

text: during

text: the

text: major

text: earthquake

text: on

text: April

question: What does काष्ठ mean in English?

answer: wood

text: wood

question: What is the English translation of Mandap?

answer: covered shelter

text: covered shelter

question: What do Newar speakers call Kasthamandap temple?

answer: Maru Satal

text: Maru Satal

question: Who was responsible for the construction of Kasthamandap temple?

answer: King Laxmi Narsingh Malla

text: King Laxmi Narsingh Malla

question: On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?

answer: 25 April 2015

text: 25 April 2015


text: The Vikings established Danelaw over much of the eastern and northern part of England with its boundary roughly stretching from London to Chester. It was an area of political and geographical control imposed by the Viking incursions which was formally agreed to by the Danish warlord, Guthrum and west-Saxon king, Alfred the Great in 886 AD. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that London was "refounded" by Alfred the Great in 886. Archaeological research shows that this involved abandonment of Lundenwic and a revival of life and trade within the old Roman walls. London then grew slowly until about 950, after which activity increased dramatically.

title: London

title: London

text: The

text: Vikings

text: established

text: Danelaw

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: England

text: with

text: its

text: boundary

text: roughly

text: stretching

text: from

text: London

text: to

text: Chester

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: geographical

text: control

text: imposed

text: by

text: the

text: Viking

text: incursions

text: which

text: was

text: formally

text: agreed

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: Danish

text: warlord

text: Guthrum

text: and

text: west

text: Saxon

text: king

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: AD

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Chronicle

text: recorded

text: that

text: London

text: was

text: refounded

text: by

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: Archaeological

text: research

text: shows

text: that

text: this

text: involved

text: abandonment

text: of

text: Lundenwic

text: and

text: a

text: revival

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: trade

text: within

text: the

text: old

text: Roman

text: walls

text: London

text: then

text: grew

text: slowly

text: until

text: about

text: after

text: which

text: activity

text: increased

text: dramatically

question: According to the Anglo-Saxon chronicle, who reestablished London in 886 AD?

answer: Alfred the Great

text: Alfred the Great

question: Danelaw, established by the Vikings, covered what  geographical area?

answer: London to Chester

text: London to Chester

question: What was the name of the Danish warlord who played a major role in establishing Danelaw?

answer: Guthrum

text: Guthrum

question: Following the Viking invasion, when did London begin to significantly grow and expand?

answer: about 950

text: about 950

question: What was Danelaw?

answer: political and geographical control imposed by the Viking incursions

text: political and geographical control imposed by the Viking incursions


text: From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: From

text: the

text: Union

text: Castle

text: shipping

text: line

text: gradually

text: reduced

text: its

text: service

text: calls

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: Curnow

text: Shipping

text: based

text: in

text: Avonmouth

text: replaced

text: the

text: Union

text: Castle

text: Line

text: mailship

text: service

text: in

text: using

text: the

text: RMS

text: Royal

text: Mail

text: Ship

text: St

text: Helena

question: What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?

answer: 1958

question: Which shipping company replaced Union-Castle Line mailship service?

answer: Curnow Shipping

text: Curnow Shipping

question: What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?

answer: 1977


text: Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also relatively common. Many species of birds are also hunted for meat. Bird hunting is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely undeveloped areas. The most important birds hunted in North and South America are waterfowl; other widely hunted birds include pheasants, wild turkeys, quail, doves, partridge, grouse, snipe, and woodcock. Muttonbirding is also popular in Australia and New Zealand. Though some hunting, such as that of muttonbirds, may be sustainable, hunting has led to the extinction or endangerment of dozens of species.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Domesticated

text: birds

text: raised

text: for

text: meat

text: and

text: eggs

text: called

text: poultry

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: source

text: of

text: animal

text: protein

text: eaten

text: by

text: humans

text: in

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: poultry

text: and

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: eggs

text: were

text: produced

text: worldwide

text: Chickens

text: account

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: human

text: poultry

text: consumption

text: though

text: domesticated

text: turkeys

text: ducks

text: and

text: geese

text: are

text: also

text: relatively

text: common

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: birds

text: are

text: also

text: hunted

text: for

text: meat

text: Bird

text: hunting

text: is

text: primarily

text: a

text: recreational

text: activity

text: except

text: in

text: extremely

text: undeveloped

text: areas

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: birds

text: hunted

text: in

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: are

text: waterfowl

text: other

text: widely

text: hunted

text: birds

text: include

text: pheasants

text: wild

text: turkeys

text: quail

text: doves

text: partridge

text: grouse

text: snipe

text: and

text: woodcock

text: Muttonbirding

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Though

text: some

text: hunting

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: muttonbirds

text: may

text: be

text: sustainable

text: hunting

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: extinction

text: or

text: endangerment

text: of

text: dozens

text: of

text: species

question: What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs?

answer: poultry

text: poultry

question: What is the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans?

answer: poultry

text: poultry

question: In 2003, how many tons of poultry were produced worldwide?

answer: 76 million tons

text: 76 million tons

question: What is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely underdeveloped areas?

answer: Bird hunting

text: Bird hunting


text: The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or easily converted to MP3s. One major drawback to these copy-protected discs is that most will not play on either computer CD-ROM drives or some standalone CD players that use CD-ROM mechanisms. Philips has stated that such discs are not permitted to bear the trademarked Compact Disc Digital Audio logo because they violate the Red Book specifications. Numerous copy-protection systems have been countered by readily available, often free, software.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: The

text: Red

text: Book

text: audio

text: specification

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: simple

text: anti

text: copy

text: statement

text: in

text: the

text: subcode

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: any

text: copy

text: protection

text: mechanism

text: Known

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: attempts

text: were

text: made

text: by

text: record

text: companies

text: to

text: market

text: copy

text: protected

text: non

text: standard

text: compact

text: discs

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: ripped

text: or

text: copied

text: to

text: hard

text: drives

text: or

text: easily

text: converted

text: to

text: One

text: major

text: drawback

text: to

text: these

text: copy

text: protected

text: discs

text: is

text: that

text: most

text: will

text: not

text: play

text: on

text: either

text: computer

text: CD

text: ROM

text: drives

text: or

text: some

text: standalone

text: CD

text: players

text: that

text: use

text: CD

text: ROM

text: mechanisms

text: Philips

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: such

text: discs

text: are

text: not

text: permitted

text: to

text: bear

text: the

text: trademarked

text: Compact

text: Disc

text: Digital

text: Audio

text: logo

text: because

text: they

text: violate

text: the

text: Red

text: Book

text: specifications

text: Numerous

text: copy

text: protection

text: systems

text: have

text: been

text: countered

text: by

text: readily

text: available

text: often

text: free

text: software

question: When did record companies first attempt to protect their CDs from copying?

answer: 2001

question: Who said that protected CDs are not allowed to carry the CDDA logo?

answer: Philips

text: Philips

question: Where does the Red Book mention copy protection?

answer: in the subcode

text: in the subcode


text: To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: is

text: a

text: novel

text: by

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: published

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: immediately

text: successful

text: winning

text: the

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: classic

text: of

text: modern

text: American

text: literature

text: The

text: plot

text: and

text: characters

text: are

text: loosely

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: observations

text: of

text: her

text: family

text: and

text: neighbors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: an

text: event

text: that

text: occurred

text: near

text: her

text: hometown

text: in

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: years

text: old

question: When did To Kill a Mockingbird first get circulated?

answer: 1960

question: What prize did To Kill a Mockingbird win?

answer: Pulitzer Prize

text: Pulitzer Prize

question: Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird?

answer: Harper Lee

text: Harper Lee

question: Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?

answer: Harper Lee

text: Harper Lee

question: What year was To Kill a Mockingbird first published?

answer: 1960

question: Whom did Lee base the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird on?

answer: her family and neighbors

text: her family and neighbors


text: In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: In

text: East

text: Prussia

text: had

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: them

text: ethnic

text: Germans

text: the

text: others

text: Poles

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: who

text: according

text: to

text: Polish

text: estimates

text: numbered

text: in

text: the

text: interwar

text: period

text: around

text: the

text: Latvian

text: speaking

text: Kursenieki

text: and

text: Lietuvininkai

text: who

text: spoke

text: Lithuanian

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: Most

text: German

text: East

text: Prussians

text: Masurians

text: Kursieniki

text: and

text: Lietuvininkai

text: were

text: Lutheran

text: while

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Ermland

text: was

text: mainly

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: its

text: bishopric

text: The

text: East

text: Prussian

text: Jewish

text: Congregation

text: declined

text: from

text: about

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: as

text: most

text: fled

text: from

text: Nazi

text: rule

text: Those

text: who

text: remained

text: were

text: later

text: deported

text: and

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Holocaust

question: How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939?

answer: 2.49 million

text: 2.49 million

question: Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German?

answer: 85%

question: How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939?

answer: 3,000

question: What happened to those Jews who remained?

answer: deported and killed in the Holocaust.

text: deported and killed in the Holocaust.


text: For African Americans, the one-drop rule was a significant factor in ethnic solidarity. African Americans generally shared a common cause in society regardless of their multiracial admixture, or social/economic stratification. Additionally, African Americans found it, near, impossible to learn about their Indigenous American heritage as many family elders withheld pertinent genealogical information. Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, especially for descendants of Indigenous Americans, because African Americans who were slaves were forbidden to learn to read and write, and a majority of Indigenous Americans neither spoke English, nor read or wrote it.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: For

text: African

text: Americans

text: the

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: factor

text: in

text: ethnic

text: solidarity

text: African

text: Americans

text: generally

text: shared

text: a

text: common

text: cause

text: in

text: society

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: multiracial

text: admixture

text: or

text: social

text: economic

text: stratification

text: Additionally

text: African

text: Americans

text: found

text: it

text: near

text: impossible

text: to

text: learn

text: about

text: their

text: Indigenous

text: American

text: heritage

text: as

text: many

text: family

text: elders

text: withheld

text: pertinent

text: genealogical

text: information

text: Tracing

text: the

text: genealogy

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: very

text: difficult

text: process

text: especially

text: for

text: descendants

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: Americans

text: because

text: African

text: Americans

text: who

text: were

text: slaves

text: were

text: forbidden

text: to

text: learn

text: to

text: read

text: and

text: write

text: and

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: Americans

text: neither

text: spoke

text: English

text: nor

text: read

text: or

text: wrote

text: it

question: What brought African Americans together?

answer: the one-drop rule

text: the one-drop rule

question: Who made it next to impossible to learn about their heritage for African Americans?

answer: family elders

text: family elders

question: Slaves were not allowed to do what?

answer: to learn to read and write

text: to learn to read and write

question: What did Indigenous Americans not do that makes it difficult to trace their heritage?

answer: spoke English, nor read or wrote it

text: spoke English, nor read or wrote it

question: What factors did not affect racial solidarity amoung African Americans?

answer: their multiracial admixture, or social/economic stratification

text: their multiracial admixture, or social/economic stratification


text: An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supreme Court only for convenience in light of the Supreme Court's expertise, but can withdraw that delegation at any time.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: view

text: is

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: attorneys

text: and

text: judges

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: rules

text: for

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: the

text: courts

text: by

text: the

text: Congress

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: the

text: legislatures

text: Although

text: in

text: practice

text: these

text: matters

text: are

text: delegated

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: the

text: Congress

text: holds

text: these

text: powers

text: and

text: delegates

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: only

text: for

text: convenience

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: 's

text: expertise

text: but

text: can

text: withdraw

text: that

text: delegation

text: at

text: any

text: time

question: Who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to?

answer: the Supreme Court

text: the Supreme Court


text: The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870. The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Kabul

text: Shahi

text: dynasties

text: ruled

text: the

text: Kabul

text: Valley

text: and

text: Gandhara

text: modern

text: day

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: from

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Kushan

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The

text: Shahis

text: are

text: generally

text: split

text: up

text: into

text: two

text: eras

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: Shahis

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Shahis

text: with

text: the

text: change

text: over

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: occurred

text: sometime

text: around

text: The

text: kingdom

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kabul

text: Shahan

text: or

text: Ratbelshahan

text: from

text: when

text: the

text: capitals

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: Kapisa

text: and

text: Kabul

text: and

text: later

text: Udabhandapura

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hund

text: for

text: its

text: new

text: capital

question: Until what century did the Kabul Shahi dynasties rule the Kabul Valley?

answer: 9th century

text: 9th century

question: The decline of what empire allowed the rule of the Kabul Shahi empire?

answer: Kushan

text: Kushan

question: How many eras are the Shahis divided into?

answer: two

text: two

question: When did the Shahis switch from Buddhist to Hindu?

answer: 870

question: What was the kingdom of the Shahis called?

answer: Kabul Shahan

text: Kabul Shahan


text: General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Republican Army. His biggest challenge was logistics, since neither Congress nor the states had the funding to provide adequately for the equipment, munitions, clothing, paychecks, or even the food supply of the soldiers. As a battlefield tactician Washington was often outmaneuvered by his British counterparts. As a strategist, however, he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did. The British sent four invasion armies. Washington's strategy forced the first army out of Boston in 1776, and was responsible for the surrender of the second and third armies at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781). He limited the British control to New York and a few places while keeping Patriot control of the great majority of the population. The Loyalists, on whom the British had relied too heavily, comprised about 20% of the population but never were well organized. As the war ended, Washington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them. Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: General

text: George

text: Washington

text: proved

text: an

text: excellent

text: organizer

text: and

text: administrator

text: who

text: worked

text: successfully

text: with

text: Congress

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: governors

text: selecting

text: and

text: mentoring

text: his

text: senior

text: officers

text: supporting

text: and

text: training

text: his

text: troops

text: and

text: maintaining

text: an

text: idealistic

text: Republican

text: Army

text: His

text: biggest

text: challenge

text: was

text: logistics

text: since

text: neither

text: Congress

text: nor

text: the

text: states

text: had

text: the

text: funding

text: to

text: provide

text: adequately

text: for

text: the

text: equipment

text: munitions

text: clothing

text: paychecks

text: or

text: even

text: the

text: food

text: supply

text: of

text: the

text: soldiers

text: As

text: a

text: battlefield

text: tactician

text: Washington

text: was

text: often

text: outmaneuvered

text: by

text: his

text: British

text: counterparts

text: As

text: a

text: strategist

text: however

text: he

text: had

text: a

text: better

text: idea

text: of

text: how

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: war

text: than

text: they

text: did

text: The

text: British

text: sent

text: four

text: invasion

text: armies

text: Washington

text: 's

text: strategy

text: forced

text: the

text: first

text: army

text: out

text: of

text: Boston

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: third

text: armies

text: at

text: Saratoga

text: and

text: Yorktown

text: He

text: limited

text: the

text: British

text: control

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: places

text: while

text: keeping

text: Patriot

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: The

text: Loyalists

text: on

text: whom

text: the

text: British

text: had

text: relied

text: too

text: heavily

text: comprised

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: but

text: never

text: were

text: well

text: organized

text: As

text: the

text: war

text: ended

text: Washington

text: watched

text: proudly

text: as

text: the

text: final

text: British

text: army

text: quietly

text: sailed

text: out

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: in

text: November

text: taking

text: the

text: Loyalist

text: leadership

text: with

text: them

text: Washington

text: astonished

text: the

text: world

text: when

text: instead

text: of

text: seizing

text: power

text: he

text: retired

text: quietly

text: to

text: his

text: farm

text: in

text: Virginia

question: What was the biggest problem General Washington faced?

answer: logistics

text: logistics

question: Where were the two major surrenders of British forces in the war?

answer: Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781)

text: Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781)

question: What percentage of the Colonial population were loyal to the Crown?

answer: 20%

question: What did Washington do after defeating the British Army?

answer: he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.

text: he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.

question: What advantage did Washington have over the British generals?

answer: he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did

text: he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did


text: When the U.S. entered World War I he immediately requested an overseas assignment but was again denied and then assigned to Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. In February 1918 he was transferred to Camp Meade in Maryland with the 65th Engineers. His unit was later ordered to France but to his chagrin he received orders for the new tank corps, where he was promoted to brevet Lieutenant Colonel in the National Army. He commanded a unit that trained tank crews at Camp Colt – his first command – at the site of "Pickett's Charge" on the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Civil War battleground. Though Eisenhower and his tank crews never saw combat, he displayed excellent organizational skills, as well as an ability to accurately assess junior officers' strengths and make optimal placements of personnel.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: When

text: the

text: U.S.

text: entered

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: he

text: immediately

text: requested

text: an

text: overseas

text: assignment

text: but

text: was

text: again

text: denied

text: and

text: then

text: assigned

text: to

text: Ft

text: Leavenworth

text: Kansas

text: In

text: February

text: he

text: was

text: transferred

text: to

text: Camp

text: Meade

text: in

text: Maryland

text: with

text: the

text: Engineers

text: His

text: unit

text: was

text: later

text: ordered

text: to

text: France

text: but

text: to

text: his

text: chagrin

text: he

text: received

text: orders

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: tank

text: corps

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: promoted

text: to

text: brevet

text: Lieutenant

text: Colonel

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Army

text: He

text: commanded

text: a

text: unit

text: that

text: trained

text: tank

text: crews

text: at

text: Camp

text: Colt

text: his

text: first

text: command

text: at

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Pickett

text: 's

text: Charge

text: on

text: the

text: Gettysburg

text: Pennsylvania

text: Civil

text: War

text: battleground

text: Though

text: Eisenhower

text: and

text: his

text: tank

text: crews

text: never

text: saw

text: combat

text: he

text: displayed

text: excellent

text: organizational

text: skills

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: ability

text: to

text: accurately

text: assess

text: junior

text: officers

text: strengths

text: and

text: make

text: optimal

text: placements

text: of

text: personnel

question: What military installation was Eisenhower assigned to when the United States entered the First World War?

answer: Ft. Leavenworth

text: Ft. Leavenworth

question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with at Camp Meade?

answer: 65th Engineers

text: 65th Engineers

question: To what rank was Eisenhower brevetted after being transferred to the tank corps?

answer: Lieutenant Colonel

text: Lieutenant Colonel

question: What famous military event occurred at the site of Camp Colt?

answer: Pickett's Charge

text: Pickett's Charge

question: In what state was Camp Meade located?

answer: Maryland

text: Maryland


text: In the 51 years prior to the Empire Stadium opening, the final (including 8 replays) was held in a variety of locations, predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace. It was played 22 times in the Oval (the inaugural competition in 1872, and then all but two times until 1892). After the Oval, Crystal Palace hosted 21 finals from 1895 to 1914, broken up by 4 four replays elsewhere. The other London venues were Stamford Bridge from 1920 to 1922 (the last three finals before the move to Empire Stadium); and Oxford University's Lillie Bridge in Fulham for the second ever final, in 1873. The other venues used sparingly in this period were all outside of London, as follows:

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: opening

text: the

text: final

text: including

text: replays

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: locations

text: predominantly

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: mainly

text: at

text: the

text: Kennington

text: Oval

text: and

text: then

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: It

text: was

text: played

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: Oval

text: the

text: inaugural

text: competition

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: all

text: but

text: two

text: times

text: until

text: After

text: the

text: Oval

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: hosted

text: finals

text: from

text: to

text: broken

text: up

text: by

text: four

text: replays

text: elsewhere

text: The

text: other

text: London

text: venues

text: were

text: Stamford

text: Bridge

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: three

text: finals

text: before

text: the

text: move

text: to

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: and

text: Oxford

text: University

text: 's

text: Lillie

text: Bridge

text: in

text: Fulham

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: ever

text: final

text: in

text: The

text: other

text: venues

text: used

text: sparingly

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: were

text: all

text: outside

text: of

text: London

text: as

text: follows

question: Where do the majority of FA cup finals take place?

answer: predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace.

text: predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace.

question: How many times was the FA cup playing in the Oval ?

answer: . It was played 22 times in the Oval

text: . It was played 22 times in the Oval

question: What was the first year the Oval hosted the FA cup?

answer: 1872

question: How many times has Crystal Palce hosted the FA cup?

answer: 21

question: How many replays took place at the Oval?

answer: 8 replays

text: 8 replays


text: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: After

text: Hurricane

text: Katrina

text: in

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Rowland

text: founded

text: the

text: Survivor

text: Foundation

text: to

text: provide

text: transitional

text: housing

text: for

text: victims

text: in

text: the

text: Houston

text: area

text: to

text: which

text: Beyoncé

text: contributed

text: an

text: initial

text: The

text: foundation

text: has

text: since

text: expanded

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: other

text: charities

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: also

text: provided

text: relief

text: following

text: Hurricane

text: Ike

text: three

text: years

text: later

question: What national disaster caused Beyonce to create the Survivor Foundation?

answer: Hurricane Katrina

text: Hurricane Katrina

question: How much cash did Beyonce put into the venture, the Survivor Foundation at startup?

answer: 250,000

question: What hurricane years later after Katrina did the organization provide support for?

answer: Ike

text: Ike

question: What did Beyonce and Rowland found in 2005?

answer: the Survivor Foundation

text: the Survivor Foundation

question: How much did Beyonce initially contribute to the foundation?

answer: $250,000

question: How has this foundation changed in recent years?

answer: expanded to work with other charities

text: expanded to work with other charities

question: What foundation did Beyoncé start after Hurricane Katrina?

answer: Survivor Foundation

text: Survivor Foundation

question: How much money did Beyoncé contribute at the beginning of her Hurricane Katrina foundation?

answer: $250,000.

question: What other hurricane did Beyoncé's foundation help with?

answer: Hurricane Ike

text: Hurricane Ike


text: The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: The

text: French

text: cleric

text: Pierre

text: Gassendi

text: represented

text: the

text: materialist

text: tradition

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: attempts

text: of

text: René

text: Descartes

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: natural

text: sciences

text: with

text: dualist

text: foundations

text: There

text: followed

text: the

text: materialist

text: and

text: atheist

text: abbé

text: Jean

text: Meslier

text: Julien

text: Offray

text: de

text: La

text: Mettrie

text: the

text: German

text: French

text: Paul

text: Henri

text: Thiry

text: Baron

text: d'Holbach

text: the

text: Encyclopedist

text: Denis

text: Diderot

text: and

text: other

text: French

text: Enlightenment

text: thinkers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: England

text: John

text: Walking

text: Stewart

text: whose

text: insistence

text: in

text: seeing

text: matter

text: as

text: endowed

text: with

text: a

text: moral

text: dimension

text: had

text: a

text: major

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: philosophical

text: poetry

text: of

text: William

text: Wordsworth

question: Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?

answer: 1592-1665

question: René Descartes lived from what year to what year?

answer: 1596-1650

question: abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?

answer: 1664-1729

question: Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?

answer: 1713-1784

question: William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year?

answer: 1770-1850


text: Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: has

text: a

text: bike

text: action

text: plan

text: and

text: recently

text: launched

text: a

text: Bicycle

text: sharing

text: system

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: traversed

text: by

text: the

text: Marvin

text: Braude

text: Bike

text: Trail

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: has

text: received

text: the

text: Bicycle

text: Friendly

text: Community

text: Award

text: Bronze

text: in

text: Silver

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: American

text: Bicyclists

text: Local

text: bicycle

text: advocacy

text: organizations

text: include

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Spoke

text: a

text: local

text: chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: Bicycle

text: Coalition

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leaders

text: for

text: bicycle

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: programming

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County.[citation

text: needed

question: What plan launched a Bicycle sharing system?

answer: bike action

text: bike action

question: When was Santa Monica's Bicycle sharing system launched?

answer: November 2015

text: November 2015

question: What is the name of the bike trail that goes through Santa Monica?

answer: Marvin Braude

text: Marvin Braude

question: When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to Santa Monica?

answer: 2013

question: What other year did Santa Monica receive the Bicycle Friendly Community award?

answer: 2009


text: There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership. Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves simply as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic denominations.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: fit

text: neatly

text: into

text: the

text: mentioned

text: branches

text: and

text: are

text: far

text: smaller

text: in

text: membership

text: Some

text: groups

text: of

text: individuals

text: who

text: hold

text: basic

text: Protestant

text: tenets

text: identify

text: themselves

text: simply

text: as

text: Christians

text: or

text: born

text: again

text: Christians

text: They

text: typically

text: distance

text: themselves

text: from

text: the

text: confessionalism

text: and/or

text: creedalism

text: of

text: other

text: Christian

text: communities

text: by

text: calling

text: themselves

text: non

text: denominational

text: or

text: evangelical

text: Often

text: founded

text: by

text: individual

text: pastors

text: they

text: have

text: little

text: affiliation

text: with

text: historic

text: denominations

question: What denomination do these small groups belong to?

answer: "non-denominational" or "evangelical"

text: "non-denominational" or "evangelical"

question: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?

answer: little

text: little

question: Who has founded these small groups of Christians?

answer: individual pastors

text: individual pastors

question: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as?

answer: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"

text: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"


text: Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. The region is largely shielded from Pacific storms by the Olympic Mountains and from Arctic air by the Cascade Range. Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain. This reputation stems from the frequency of light precipitation in the fall, winter, and spring. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. It is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days. Official weather and climatic data is collected at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, located about 19 km (12 mi) south of downtown in the city of SeaTac, which is at a higher elevation, and records more cloudy days and fewer partly cloudy days per year.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Temperature

text: extremes

text: are

text: moderated

text: by

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Puget

text: Sound

text: greater

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Lake

text: Washington

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: largely

text: shielded

text: from

text: Pacific

text: storms

text: by

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Mountains

text: and

text: from

text: Arctic

text: air

text: by

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Range

text: Despite

text: being

text: on

text: the

text: margin

text: of

text: the

text: rain

text: shadow

text: of

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Mountains

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: a

text: reputation

text: for

text: frequent

text: rain

text: This

text: reputation

text: stems

text: from

text: the

text: frequency

text: of

text: light

text: precipitation

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: winter

text: and

text: spring

text: In

text: an

text: average

text: year

text: at

text: least

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: falls

text: on

text: days

text: more

text: than

text: nearly

text: all

text: U.S.

text: cities

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: It

text: is

text: cloudy

text: days

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: partly

text: cloudy

text: days

text: Official

text: weather

text: and

text: climatic

text: data

text: is

text: collected

text: at

text: Seattle

text: Tacoma

text: International

text: Airport

text: located

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: south

text: of

text: downtown

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: SeaTac

text: which

text: is

text: at

text: a

text: higher

text: elevation

text: and

text: records

text: more

text: cloudy

text: days

text: and

text: fewer

text: partly

text: cloudy

text: days

text: per

text: year

question: What does the local water ways regulate in the Seattle area?

answer: Temperature extremes

text: Temperature extremes

question: At what location is most weather data collected for the Seattle area?

answer: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport

text: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport

question: What land mass protects Seattle from Pacific caused weather?

answer: Olympic Mountains

text: Olympic Mountains

question: What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds?

answer: Cascade Range

text: Cascade Range

question: What type of rain fall does Seattle most often experience?

answer: light precipitation

text: light precipitation


text: The forces converged in the largest sea battle of World War II up to that point. Over the previous month American destroyers had destroyed 17 of 25 submarines out of Ozawa's screening force. Repeated U.S. raids destroyed the Japanese land-based planes. Ozawa's main attack lacked coordination, with the Japanese planes arriving at their targets in a staggered sequence. Following a directive from Nimitz, the U.S. carriers all had combat information centers, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the Hellcats. The result was later dubbed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The few attackers to reach the U.S. fleet encountered massive AA fire with proximity fuzes. Only one American warship was slightly damaged.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: forces

text: converged

text: in

text: the

text: largest

text: sea

text: battle

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: up

text: to

text: that

text: point

text: Over

text: the

text: previous

text: month

text: American

text: destroyers

text: had

text: destroyed

text: of

text: submarines

text: out

text: of

text: Ozawa

text: 's

text: screening

text: force

text: Repeated

text: U.S.

text: raids

text: destroyed

text: the

text: Japanese

text: land

text: based

text: planes

text: Ozawa

text: 's

text: main

text: attack

text: lacked

text: coordination

text: with

text: the

text: Japanese

text: planes

text: arriving

text: at

text: their

text: targets

text: in

text: a

text: staggered

text: sequence

text: Following

text: a

text: directive

text: from

text: Nimitz

text: the

text: U.S.

text: carriers

text: all

text: had

text: combat

text: information

text: centers

text: which

text: interpreted

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: radar

text: data

text: and

text: radioed

text: interception

text: orders

text: to

text: the

text: Hellcats

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: later

text: dubbed

text: the

text: Great

text: Marianas

text: Turkey

text: Shoot

text: The

text: few

text: attackers

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: U.S.

text: fleet

text: encountered

text: massive

text: AA

text: fire

text: with

text: proximity

text: fuzes

text: Only

text: one

text: American

text: warship

text: was

text: slightly

text: damaged

question: How many of Ozawa's submarines were sunk by American destroyers?

answer: 17

question: In what sequence did Japanese planes arrive at their targets?

answer: staggered

text: staggered

question: How many American warships were damaged during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot?

answer: one

text: one

question: Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from?

answer: combat information centers

text: combat information centers

question: Who gave the directive for all carriers in the US Navy to have combat information centers?

answer: Nimitz

text: Nimitz