text: Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge of the specific causative agent. Conclusions about the cause of the disease are based upon the likelihood that a patient came in contact with a particular agent, the presence of a microbe in a community, and other epidemiological considerations. Given sufficient effort, all known infectious agents can be specifically identified. The benefits of identification, however, are often greatly outweighed by the cost, as often there is no specific treatment, the cause is obvious, or the outcome of an infection is benign.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Diagnosis

text: of

text: infectious

text: disease

text: sometimes

text: involves

text: identifying

text: an

text: infectious

text: agent

text: either

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: In

text: practice

text: most

text: minor

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: warts

text: cutaneous

text: abscesses

text: respiratory

text: system

text: infections

text: and

text: diarrheal

text: diseases

text: are

text: diagnosed

text: by

text: their

text: clinical

text: presentation

text: and

text: treated

text: without

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: specific

text: causative

text: agent

text: Conclusions

text: about

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: are

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: likelihood

text: that

text: a

text: patient

text: came

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: agent

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: microbe

text: in

text: a

text: community

text: and

text: other

text: epidemiological

text: considerations

text: Given

text: sufficient

text: effort

text: all

text: known

text: infectious

text: agents

text: can

text: be

text: specifically

text: identified

text: The

text: benefits

text: of

text: identification

text: however

text: are

text: often

text: greatly

text: outweighed

text: by

text: the

text: cost

text: as

text: often

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: specific

text: treatment

text: the

text: cause

text: is

text: obvious

text: or

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: an

text: infection

text: is

text: benign

question: What does diagnosis of an infectious sometimes involve identifying?

answer: an infectious agent either directly or indirectly

text: an infectious agent either directly or indirectly

question: Many minor infectious diseases are diagnosed by what type of presentation?

answer: clinical

text: clinical

question: How are minor infectious diseases treated?

answer: without knowledge of the specific causative agent

text: without knowledge of the specific causative agent

question: What can be identified given sufficient effort?

answer: all known infectious agents

text: all known infectious agents

question: Why is it often not worth bothering to identify an infectious agent?

answer: greatly outweighed by the cost

text: greatly outweighed by the cost


text: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake, measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw, and occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC) on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: Sichuan

text: earthquake

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: Sichuan

text: earthquake

text: measured

text: at

text: Ms

text: and

text: Mw

text: and

text: occurred

text: at

text: PM

text: China

text: Standard

text: Time

text: at

text: epicenter

text: UTC

text: on

text: May

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: killed

text: people

text: and

text: left

text: missing

question: In what year did the earthquake in Sichuan occur?

answer: 2008

question: What was the earthquake named?

answer: the Great Sichuan earthquake

text: the Great Sichuan earthquake

question: How many people were killed as a result?

answer: 69,197

question: What year did the Sichuan earthquake take place?

answer: 2008

question: What did the quake measure?

answer: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw

text: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw

question: What day did the earthquake occur?

answer: May 12

text: May 12

question: What time of the day did the quake happen?

answer: 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time

text: 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time

question: How many people died?

answer: 69,197


text: After the collapse of the talks and a controversial visit by Likud leader Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount, the Second Intifada began. Some commentators contend that the uprising was pre-planned by Yasser Arafat due to the collapse of peace talks. Sharon became prime minister in a 2001 special election. During his tenure, Sharon carried out his plan to unilaterally withdraw from the Gaza Strip and also spearheaded the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, ending the Intifada. By this time 1,100 Israelis had been killed, mostly in suicide bombings. The Palestinian fatalities, by 30 April 2008, reached 4,745 killed by Israeli security forces, 44 killed by Israeli civilians, and 577 killed by Palestinians.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: After

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: talks

text: and

text: a

text: controversial

text: visit

text: by

text: Likud

text: leader

text: Ariel

text: Sharon

text: to

text: the

text: Temple

text: Mount

text: the

text: Second

text: Intifada

text: began

text: Some

text: commentators

text: contend

text: that

text: the

text: uprising

text: was

text: pre

text: planned

text: by

text: Yasser

text: Arafat

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: peace

text: talks

text: Sharon

text: became

text: prime

text: minister

text: in

text: a

text: special

text: election

text: During

text: his

text: tenure

text: Sharon

text: carried

text: out

text: his

text: plan

text: to

text: unilaterally

text: withdraw

text: from

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: also

text: spearheaded

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: West

text: Bank

text: barrier

text: ending

text: the

text: Intifada

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: Israelis

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: mostly

text: in

text: suicide

text: bombings

text: The

text: Palestinian

text: fatalities

text: by

text: April

text: reached

text: killed

text: by

text: Israeli

text: security

text: forces

text: killed

text: by

text: Israeli

text: civilians

text: and

text: killed

text: by

text: Palestinians

question: Who visited the Temple Mount?

answer: Ariel Sharon

text: Ariel Sharon

question: When did Ariel Sharon become prime minister?

answer: 2001

question: How many Palestinian fatalities were they by 30 April 2008?

answer: 4,745


text: The slave trade was engaged in by European state and non-state actors such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal and private companies, as well as various African states and non-state actors. With rising anti-slavery sentiment at home and changing economic realities, Great Britain outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain established the West Africa Squadron in an attempt to halt the international traffic in slaves. It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown, a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain. Britain intervened in the Lagos Kingship power struggle by bombarding Lagos in 1851, deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko, helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye, and signing the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos on 1 January 1852. Britain annexed Lagos as a Crown Colony in August 1861 with the Lagos Treaty of Cession. British missionaries expanded their operations and travelled further inland. In 1864, Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African bishop of the Anglican Church.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: The

text: slave

text: trade

text: was

text: engaged

text: in

text: by

text: European

text: state

text: and

text: non

text: state

text: actors

text: such

text: as

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: and

text: private

text: companies

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: African

text: states

text: and

text: non

text: state

text: actors

text: With

text: rising

text: anti

text: slavery

text: sentiment

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: changing

text: economic

text: realities

text: Great

text: Britain

text: outlawed

text: the

text: international

text: slave

text: trade

text: in

text: Following

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: Great

text: Britain

text: established

text: the

text: West

text: Africa

text: Squadron

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: halt

text: the

text: international

text: traffic

text: in

text: slaves

text: It

text: stopped

text: ships

text: of

text: other

text: nations

text: that

text: were

text: leaving

text: the

text: African

text: coast

text: with

text: slaves

text: the

text: seized

text: slaves

text: were

text: taken

text: to

text: Freetown

text: a

text: colony

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: originally

text: established

text: for

text: the

text: resettlement

text: of

text: freed

text: slaves

text: from

text: Britain

text: Britain

text: intervened

text: in

text: the

text: Lagos

text: Kingship

text: power

text: struggle

text: by

text: bombarding

text: Lagos

text: in

text: deposing

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: friendly

text: Oba

text: Kosoko

text: helping

text: to

text: install

text: the

text: amenable

text: Oba

text: Akitoye

text: and

text: signing

text: the

text: Treaty

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Lagos

text: on

text: January

text: Britain

text: annexed

text: Lagos

text: as

text: a

text: Crown

text: Colony

text: in

text: August

text: with

text: the

text: Lagos

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Cession

text: British

text: missionaries

text: expanded

text: their

text: operations

text: and

text: travelled

text: further

text: inland

text: In

text: Samuel

text: Ajayi

text: Crowther

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: African

text: bishop

text: of

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Church

question: When did Britain outlaw slave trade?

answer: 1807

question: After which war did Britain establish its West Africa Squadron?

answer: Napoleonic Wars

text: Napoleonic Wars

question: Which Lagos king had supported the slave trade?

answer: Oba Kosoko

text: Oba Kosoko

question: Where did Britain intervene in a power struggle?

answer: Lagos

text: Lagos

question: Where did Britain take slaves it seized from traders?

answer: Freetown

text: Freetown


text: In 2008, the BBC reported that the company Primark was using child labor in the manufacture of clothing. In particular, a £4 hand-embroidered shirt was the starting point of a documentary produced by BBC's Panorama programme. The programme asks consumers to ask themselves, "Why am I only paying £4 for a hand embroidered top? This item looks handmade. Who made it for such little cost?", in addition to exposing the violent side of the child labour industry in countries where child exploitation is prevalent.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: the

text: BBC

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: company

text: Primark

text: was

text: using

text: child

text: labor

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: clothing

text: In

text: particular

text: a

text: hand

text: embroidered

text: shirt

text: was

text: the

text: starting

text: point

text: of

text: a

text: documentary

text: produced

text: by

text: BBC

text: 's

text: Panorama

text: programme

text: The

text: programme

text: asks

text: consumers

text: to

text: ask

text: themselves

text: Why

text: am

text: I

text: only

text: paying

text: for

text: a

text: hand

text: embroidered

text: top

text: This

text: item

text: looks

text: handmade

text: Who

text: made

text: it

text: for

text: such

text: little

text: cost

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: exposing

text: the

text: violent

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: child

text: labour

text: industry

text: in

text: countries

text: where

text: child

text: exploitation

text: is

text: prevalent

question: Who did the BBC in 2008 report as using child labor?

answer: Primark

text: Primark

question: What does Primark produce?

answer: clothing

text: clothing

question: What did the BBC program make their viewers question?

answer: "Why am I only paying £4 for a hand embroidered top?

text: "Why am I only paying £4 for a hand embroidered top?

question: What else did the BBC expose?

answer: the violent side of the child labour industry

text: the violent side of the child labour industry


text: Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Following

text: capture

text: and

text: occupation

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: along

text: with

text: several

text: other

text: island

text: groups

text: located

text: in

text: Micronesia

text: passed

text: formally

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: under

text: United

text: Nations

text: auspices

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Trust

text: Territory

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: established

text: pursuant

text: to

text: Security

text: Council

text: Resolution

question: During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshalls?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What resolution of the UN Security Council gave the United States control over the Marshalls?

answer: Security Council Resolution 21

text: Security Council Resolution 21

question: In what year was the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands created?

answer: 1947

question: What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of?

answer: Micronesia

text: Micronesia


text: Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Under

text: Tito

text: 's

text: leadership

text: Yugoslavia

text: became

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

text: In

text: Tito

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: movement

text: with

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: India

text: 's

text: Jawaharlal

text: Nehru

text: Indonesia

text: 's

text: Sukarno

text: and

text: Ghana

text: 's

text: Kwame

text: Nkrumah

text: in

text: an

text: action

text: called

text: The

text: Initiative

text: of

text: Five

text: Tito

text: Nehru

text: Nasser

text: Sukarno

text: Nkrumah

text: thus

text: establishing

text: strong

text: ties

text: with

text: third

text: world

text: countries

text: This

text: move

text: did

text: much

text: to

text: improve

text: Yugoslavia

text: 's

text: diplomatic

text: position

text: On

text: September

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: Tito

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

question: Under whose leadership did Yugoslavia become a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: In what year did Tito co-found the Non-Aligned Movement?

answer: 1961

question: Nasser led which country in 1961?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: Which Indonesian leader co-founded the Non-Aligned movement with Tito?

answer: Nehru

text: Nehru

question: Who became the first Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement?

answer: Tito

text: Tito


text: The dismal results caused Gephardt to drop out and later endorse Kerry. Carol Moseley Braun also dropped out, endorsing Howard Dean. Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally. Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience, but the crowd noise was being filtered out by his unidirectional microphone, leaving only his full-throated exhortations audible to the television viewers. To those at home, he seemed to raise his voice out of sheer emotion. The incessant replaying of the "Dean Scream" by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of media bias. The scream scene was shown approximately 633 times by cable and broadcast news networks in just four days following the incident, a number that does not include talk shows and local news broadcasts. However, those who were in the actual audience that day insist that they were not aware of the infamous "scream" until they returned to their hotel rooms and saw it on TV.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: The

text: dismal

text: results

text: caused

text: Gephardt

text: to

text: drop

text: out

text: and

text: later

text: endorse

text: Kerry

text: Carol

text: Moseley

text: Braun

text: also

text: dropped

text: out

text: endorsing

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: Besides

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: coming

text: in

text: third

text: Dean

text: was

text: further

text: hurt

text: by

text: a

text: speech

text: he

text: gave

text: at

text: a

text: post

text: caucus

text: rally

text: Dean

text: was

text: shouting

text: over

text: the

text: cheers

text: of

text: his

text: enthusiastic

text: audience

text: but

text: the

text: crowd

text: noise

text: was

text: being

text: filtered

text: out

text: by

text: his

text: unidirectional

text: microphone

text: leaving

text: only

text: his

text: full

text: throated

text: exhortations

text: audible

text: to

text: the

text: television

text: viewers

text: To

text: those

text: at

text: home

text: he

text: seemed

text: to

text: raise

text: his

text: voice

text: out

text: of

text: sheer

text: emotion

text: The

text: incessant

text: replaying

text: of

text: the

text: Dean

text: Scream

text: by

text: the

text: press

text: became

text: a

text: debate

text: on

text: the

text: topic

text: of

text: whether

text: Dean

text: was

text: the

text: victim

text: of

text: media

text: bias

text: The

text: scream

text: scene

text: was

text: shown

text: approximately

text: times

text: by

text: cable

text: and

text: broadcast

text: news

text: networks

text: in

text: just

text: four

text: days

text: following

text: the

text: incident

text: a

text: number

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: talk

text: shows

text: and

text: local

text: news

text: broadcasts

text: However

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: actual

text: audience

text: that

text: day

text: insist

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: infamous

text: scream

text: until

text: they

text: returned

text: to

text: their

text: hotel

text: rooms

text: and

text: saw

text: it

text: on

text: TV

question: Which candidate, after dropping out, went on to endorse Kerry?

answer: Gephardt

text: Gephardt

question: Which troubled candidate did Carol Moseley Braun end up endorsing, after she dropped out?

answer: Howard Dean

text: Howard Dean

question: The continual playing of Dean's post-rally speech by the media stirred what type of controversy?

answer: whether Dean was the victim of media bias

text: whether Dean was the victim of media bias

question: What tag did the media attach to Dean's post-rally speech?

answer: "Dean Scream"

text: "Dean Scream"

question: Did those in attendance at Dean's speech know about the "Dean Scream"?

answer: they were not aware

text: they were not aware


text: Mali (i/ˈmɑːli/; French: [maˈli]), officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 (U.S.) a day. A majority of the population (55%) are non-denominational Muslims.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Mali

text: i/ˈmɑːli/

text: French

text: maˈli

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mali

text: French

text: République

text: du

text: Mali

text: is

text: a

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: Mali

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: over

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Mali

text: is

text: million

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Bamako

text: Mali

text: consists

text: of

text: eight

text: regions

text: and

text: its

text: borders

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: reach

text: deep

text: into

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: Desert

text: while

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: southern

text: part

text: where

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: live

text: features

text: the

text: Niger

text: and

text: Senegal

text: rivers

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: economy

text: centers

text: on

text: agriculture

text: and

text: fishing

text: Some

text: of

text: Mali

text: 's

text: prominent

text: natural

text: resources

text: include

text: gold

text: being

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: producer

text: of

text: gold

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: and

text: salt

text: About

text: half

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: below

text: the

text: international

text: poverty

text: line

text: of

text: U.S.

text: a

text: day

text: A

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: are

text: non

text: denominational

text: Muslims

question: Of Africa what rank in size country is Mali?

answer: Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa

text: Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa

question: What is Mali's capital named?

answer: Bamako

text: Bamako

question: What are two major rivers located inside of Mali?

answer: Niger and Senegal rivers

text: Niger and Senegal rivers

question: Besides salt what other major natural resources does Mali produce?

answer: prominent natural resources include gold

text: prominent natural resources include gold

question: More than half of the population is what religion?

answer: (55%) are non-denominational Muslims

text: (55%) are non-denominational Muslims


text: Translation of a text that is sung in vocal music for the purpose of singing in another language—sometimes called "singing translation"—is closely linked to translation of poetry because most vocal music, at least in the Western tradition, is set to verse, especially verse in regular patterns with rhyme. (Since the late 19th century, musical setting of prose and free verse has also been practiced in some art music, though popular music tends to remain conservative in its retention of stanzaic forms with or without refrains.) A rudimentary example of translating poetry for singing is church hymns, such as the German chorales translated into English by Catherine Winkworth.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Translation

text: of

text: a

text: text

text: that

text: is

text: sung

text: in

text: vocal

text: music

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: singing

text: in

text: another

text: language

text: sometimes

text: called

text: singing

text: translation

text: is

text: closely

text: linked

text: to

text: translation

text: of

text: poetry

text: because

text: most

text: vocal

text: music

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: tradition

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: verse

text: especially

text: verse

text: in

text: regular

text: patterns

text: with

text: rhyme

text: Since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: musical

text: setting

text: of

text: prose

text: and

text: free

text: verse

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: practiced

text: in

text: some

text: art

text: music

text: though

text: popular

text: music

text: tends

text: to

text: remain

text: conservative

text: in

text: its

text: retention

text: of

text: stanzaic

text: forms

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: refrains

text: A

text: rudimentary

text: example

text: of

text: translating

text: poetry

text: for

text: singing

text: is

text: church

text: hymns

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: German

text: chorales

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: by

text: Catherine

text: Winkworth

question: What is the translation of text that is sung closely linked to?

answer: poetry

text: poetry

question: What is most vocal music set to in Western tradition?

answer: verse

text: verse

question: What type of forms does popular music tend to retain?

answer: stanzaic

text: stanzaic

question: What type of example an be found of translating poetry for singing?

answer: church hymns

text: church hymns

question: Who translated German chorales into English?

answer: Catherine Winkworth

text: Catherine Winkworth


text: Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another fissile isotope, uranium-233, can be produced from natural thorium and is also important in nuclear technology. While uranium-238 has a small probability for spontaneous fission or even induced fission with fast neutrons, uranium-235 and to a lesser degree uranium-233 have a much higher fission cross-section for slow neutrons. In sufficient concentration, these isotopes maintain a sustained nuclear chain reaction. This generates the heat in nuclear power reactors, and produces the fissile material for nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium (238U) is used in kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: Many

text: contemporary

text: uses

text: of

text: uranium

text: exploit

text: its

text: unique

text: nuclear

text: properties

text: has

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: fissile

text: isotope

text: is

text: fissionable

text: by

text: fast

text: neutrons

text: and

text: is

text: fertile

text: meaning

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: transmuted

text: to

text: fissile

text: in

text: a

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: Another

text: fissile

text: isotope

text: can

text: be

text: produced

text: from

text: natural

text: thorium

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: important

text: in

text: nuclear

text: technology

text: While

text: has

text: a

text: small

text: probability

text: for

text: spontaneous

text: fission

text: or

text: even

text: induced

text: fission

text: with

text: fast

text: neutrons

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: degree

text: have

text: a

text: much

text: higher

text: fission

text: cross

text: section

text: for

text: slow

text: neutrons

text: In

text: sufficient

text: concentration

text: these

text: isotopes

text: maintain

text: a

text: sustained

text: nuclear

text: chain

text: reaction

text: This

text: generates

text: the

text: heat

text: in

text: nuclear

text: power

text: reactors

text: and

text: produces

text: the

text: fissile

text: material

text: for

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: Depleted

text: uranium

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: penetrators

text: and

text: armor

text: plating

question: What is the sole fissile isotope that occurs in nature?

answer: Uranium-235

question: What can be turned into plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor?

answer: Uranium-238

question: What uranium isotope is produced from thorium?

answer: uranium-233

question: Along with uranium-235, what isotope is noted for having a high fission cross-section for slow neutrons?

answer: uranium-233

question: What is 238U?

answer: Depleted uranium

text: Depleted uranium


text: Before A.D. 200, residents were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by A.D. 1000 in the Piedmont, continued to build or add onto such mounds. In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built large, complex cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks. Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region included the Carolina Algonquian-speaking tribes of the coastal areas, such as the Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Coree, Cape Fear Indians, and others, who were the first to encounter the English; Iroquoian-speaking Meherrin, Cherokee and Tuscarora of the interior; and Southeastern Siouan tribes, such as the Cheraw, Waxhaw, Saponi, Waccamaw, and Catawba.[citation needed]

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: Before

text: A.D.

text: residents

text: were

text: building

text: earthwork

text: mounds

text: which

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: ceremonial

text: and

text: religious

text: purposes

text: Succeeding

text: peoples

text: including

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Mississippian

text: culture

text: established

text: by

text: A.D.

text: in

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: continued

text: to

text: build

text: or

text: add

text: onto

text: such

text: mounds

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: preceding

text: European

text: contact

text: the

text: Mississippian

text: culture

text: built

text: large

text: complex

text: cities

text: and

text: maintained

text: far

text: flung

text: regional

text: trading

text: networks

text: Historically

text: documented

text: tribes

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: region

text: included

text: the

text: Carolina

text: Algonquian

text: speaking

text: tribes

text: of

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Chowanoke

text: Roanoke

text: Pamlico

text: Machapunga

text: Coree

text: Cape

text: Fear

text: Indians

text: and

text: others

text: who

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: encounter

text: the

text: English

text: Iroquoian

text: speaking

text: Meherrin

text: Cherokee

text: and

text: Tuscarora

text: of

text: the

text: interior

text: and

text: Southeastern

text: Siouan

text: tribes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Cheraw

text: Waxhaw

text: Saponi

text: Waccamaw

text: and

text: Catawba.[citation

text: needed

question: During what time period did people buid earth mounds used for religious and ceremonial purposes?

answer: Before A.D. 200

text: Before A.D. 200

question: By 1000 AD, what culture of people settled in the Piedmont?

answer: ancient Mississippian culture

text: ancient Mississippian culture

question: About how many years before European contact did ancient Mississippian culture build large cities?

answer: 500–700 years

text: 500–700 years

question: Pamlico and Cape fear indians are examples of what?

answer: Algonquian-speaking tribes

text: Algonquian-speaking tribes

question: Where did the Algonquin speaking tribes of North Carolina live?

answer: the coastal areas

text: the coastal areas


text: Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus. Both have distinct tissues, but they are not organized into organs. There are only two main germ layers, the ectoderm and endoderm, with only scattered cells between them. As such, these animals are sometimes called diploblastic. The tiny placozoans are similar, but they do not have a permanent digestive chamber.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Among

text: the

text: other

text: phyla

text: the

text: Ctenophora

text: and

text: the

text: Cnidaria

text: which

text: includes

text: sea

text: anemones

text: corals

text: and

text: jellyfish

text: are

text: radially

text: symmetric

text: and

text: have

text: digestive

text: chambers

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: opening

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: mouth

text: and

text: the

text: anus

text: Both

text: have

text: distinct

text: tissues

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: organized

text: into

text: organs

text: There

text: are

text: only

text: two

text: main

text: germ

text: layers

text: the

text: ectoderm

text: and

text: endoderm

text: with

text: only

text: scattered

text: cells

text: between

text: them

text: As

text: such

text: these

text: animals

text: are

text: sometimes

text: called

text: diploblastic

text: The

text: tiny

text: placozoans

text: are

text: similar

text: but

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: permanent

text: digestive

text: chamber

question: Ctenophora and the Cnidaria include what sea creatures?

answer: anemones, corals, and jellyfish

text: anemones, corals, and jellyfish

question: The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what?

answer: both the mouth and the anus

text: both the mouth and the anus

question: What are the 2 main germ systems in the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria called?

answer: ectoderm and endoderm

text: ectoderm and endoderm

question: What are the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria animals sometimes called?

answer: diploblastic

text: diploblastic

question: What differentiates placozoans from the ctenophora and the cnidaria?

answer: they do not have a permanent digestive chamber

text: they do not have a permanent digestive chamber


text: Of numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty, Jefferson, then a widower, took Hemings as his concubine for nearly 40 years. They had six children of record; four Hemings children survived into adulthood, and he freed them all, among the very few slaves he freed. Two were allowed to "escape" to the North in 1822, and two were granted freedom by his will upon his death in 1826. Seven-eighths white by ancestry, all four of his Hemings children moved to northern states as adults; three of the four entered the white community, and all their descendants identified as white. Of the descendants of Madison Hemings, who continued to identify as black, some in future generations eventually identified as white and "married out", while others continued to identify as African American. It was socially advantageous for the Hemings children to identify as white, in keeping with their appearance and the majority proportion of their ancestry. Although born into slavery, the Hemings children were legally white under Virginia law of the time.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Of

text: numerous

text: relationships

text: between

text: male

text: slaveholders

text: overseers

text: or

text: master

text: 's

text: sons

text: and

text: women

text: slaves

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: of

text: President

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: with

text: his

text: slave

text: Sally

text: Hemings

text: As

text: noted

text: in

text: the

text: collaborative

text: Smithsonian

text: Monticello

text: exhibit

text: Slavery

text: at

text: Monticello

text: The

text: Paradox

text: of

text: Liberty

text: Jefferson

text: then

text: a

text: widower

text: took

text: Hemings

text: as

text: his

text: concubine

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

text: They

text: had

text: six

text: children

text: of

text: record

text: four

text: Hemings

text: children

text: survived

text: into

text: adulthood

text: and

text: he

text: freed

text: them

text: all

text: among

text: the

text: very

text: few

text: slaves

text: he

text: freed

text: Two

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: escape

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: in

text: and

text: two

text: were

text: granted

text: freedom

text: by

text: his

text: will

text: upon

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Seven

text: eighths

text: white

text: by

text: ancestry

text: all

text: four

text: of

text: his

text: Hemings

text: children

text: moved

text: to

text: northern

text: states

text: as

text: adults

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: entered

text: the

text: white

text: community

text: and

text: all

text: their

text: descendants

text: identified

text: as

text: white

text: Of

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: Madison

text: Hemings

text: who

text: continued

text: to

text: identify

text: as

text: black

text: some

text: in

text: future

text: generations

text: eventually

text: identified

text: as

text: white

text: and

text: married

text: out

text: while

text: others

text: continued

text: to

text: identify

text: as

text: African

text: American

text: It

text: was

text: socially

text: advantageous

text: for

text: the

text: Hemings

text: children

text: to

text: identify

text: as

text: white

text: in

text: keeping

text: with

text: their

text: appearance

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: proportion

text: of

text: their

text: ancestry

text: Although

text: born

text: into

text: slavery

text: the

text: Hemings

text: children

text: were

text: legally

text: white

text: under

text: Virginia

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: time

question: President Thomas Jefferson had a relationship with who?

answer: Sally Hemings

text: Sally Hemings

question: What was the name of the Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit that discussed their relationship?

answer: Slavery at Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty

text: Slavery at Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty

question: How long were Jefferson and Hemmings in a relationship?

answer: nearly 40 years

text: nearly 40 years

question: Which child of Jefferson identified as black?

answer: Madison Hemings

text: Madison Hemings

question: How much of the children of Jefferson and Hemmings were white?

answer: Seven-eighths

text: Seven-eighths


text: Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own "private" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised. Zeng Guofan's original intention for the Xiang Army was simply to eradicate the Taiping rebels. However, the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Zeng

text: Guofan

text: had

text: no

text: prior

text: military

text: experience

text: Being

text: a

text: classically

text: educated

text: official

text: he

text: took

text: his

text: blueprint

text: for

text: the

text: Xiang

text: Army

text: from

text: the

text: Ming

text: general

text: Qi

text: Jiguang

text: who

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: weakness

text: of

text: regular

text: Ming

text: troops

text: had

text: decided

text: to

text: form

text: his

text: own

text: private

text: army

text: to

text: repel

text: raiding

text: Japanese

text: pirates

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Qi

text: Jiguang

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: Neo

text: Confucian

text: ideas

text: of

text: binding

text: troops

text: loyalty

text: to

text: their

text: immediate

text: superiors

text: and

text: also

text: to

text: the

text: regions

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: raised

text: Zeng

text: Guofan

text: 's

text: original

text: intention

text: for

text: the

text: Xiang

text: Army

text: was

text: simply

text: to

text: eradicate

text: the

text: Taiping

text: rebels

text: However

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: Yongying

text: system

text: led

text: to

text: its

text: becoming

text: a

text: permanent

text: regional

text: force

text: within

text: the

text: Qing

text: military

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: created

text: problems

text: for

text: the

text: beleaguered

text: central

text: government

question: Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?

answer: Qi Jiguang

text: Qi Jiguang

question: What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?

answer: repel raiding Japanese pirates

text: repel raiding Japanese pirates

question: What was the original plan for the Xiang Army?

answer: eradicate the Taiping rebels

text: eradicate the Taiping rebels


text: A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, "[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of "chief danger spots". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: A

text: major

text: consideration

text: was

text: the

text: possible

text: Soviet

text: reaction

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: that

text: the

text: US

text: intervened

text: The

text: Truman

text: administration

text: was

text: fretful

text: that

text: a

text: war

text: in

text: Korea

text: was

text: a

text: diversionary

text: assault

text: that

text: would

text: escalate

text: to

text: a

text: general

text: war

text: in

text: Europe

text: once

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: committed

text: in

text: Korea

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: t]here

text: was

text: no

text: suggestion

text: from

text: anyone

text: that

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: or

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: could

text: back

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: conflict

text: Yugoslavia

text: a

text: possible

text: Soviet

text: target

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Tito

text: Stalin

text: Split

text: was

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: defense

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: first

text: on

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: 's

text: post

text: North

text: Korea

text: invasion

text: list

text: of

text: chief

text: danger

text: spots

text: Truman

text: believed

text: if

text: aggression

text: went

text: unchecked

text: a

text: chain

text: reaction

text: would

text: be

text: initiated

text: that

text: would

text: marginalize

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: encourage

text: Communist

text: aggression

text: elsewhere

text: The

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: approved

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: South

text: Koreans

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: immediately

text: began

text: using

text: what

text: air

text: and

text: naval

text: forces

text: that

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: to

text: that

text: end

text: The

text: Administration

text: still

text: refrained

text: from

text: committing

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: because

text: some

text: advisers

text: believed

text: the

text: North

text: Koreans

text: could

text: be

text: stopped

text: by

text: air

text: and

text: naval

text: power

text: alone

question: What was the Truman administration concerned about that was preventing them from getting involved in the Korean conflict?

answer: Soviet reaction

text: Soviet reaction

question: What agency approved the use of force in South Korea?

answer: The UN Security Council

text: The UN Security Council

question: Why did the US not send in ground troops after the United Nations approved the use of force?

answer: advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power

text: advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power

question: Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?

answer: Truman

text: Truman

question: What resources did the US devote to South Korea after the Security Council approved engaging in an armed conflict?

answer: air and naval forces

text: air and naval forces


text: Ibn Sīnā refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as a period of specialisation when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it was reading, manual skills, literature, preaching, medicine, geometry, trade and commerce, craftsmanship, or any other subject or profession they would be interested in pursuing for a future career. He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the student's emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Ibn

text: Sīnā

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: secondary

text: education

text: stage

text: of

text: maktab

text: schooling

text: as

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: specialisation

text: when

text: pupils

text: should

text: begin

text: to

text: acquire

text: manual

text: skills

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: social

text: status

text: He

text: writes

text: that

text: children

text: after

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: should

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: choose

text: and

text: specialise

text: in

text: subjects

text: they

text: have

text: an

text: interest

text: in

text: whether

text: it

text: was

text: reading

text: manual

text: skills

text: literature

text: preaching

text: medicine

text: geometry

text: trade

text: and

text: commerce

text: craftsmanship

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: subject

text: or

text: profession

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: interested

text: in

text: pursuing

text: for

text: a

text: future

text: career

text: He

text: wrote

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: a

text: transitional

text: stage

text: and

text: that

text: there

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: flexibility

text: regarding

text: the

text: age

text: in

text: which

text: pupils

text: graduate

text: as

text: the

text: student

text: 's

text: emotional

text: development

text: and

text: chosen

text: subjects

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

question: What type of skills did Ibn Sina state children should learn in secondary education?

answer: manual skills

text: manual skills

question: According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education?

answer: 14

question: According to Ibn Sina, what is needed to support transition at the secondary stage of education?

answer: flexibility

text: flexibility

question: What should secondary training provide a student in the secondary stage of school?

answer: future career

text: future career


text: The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: The

text: major

text: application

text: of

text: uranium

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: sector

text: is

text: in

text: high

text: density

text: penetrators

text: This

text: ammunition

text: consists

text: of

text: depleted

text: uranium

text: DU

text: alloyed

text: with

text: other

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: titanium

text: or

text: molybdenum

text: At

text: high

text: impact

text: speed

text: the

text: density

text: hardness

text: and

text: pyrophoricity

text: of

text: the

text: projectile

text: enable

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: heavily

text: armored

text: targets

text: Tank

text: armor

text: and

text: other

text: removable

text: vehicle

text: armor

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: hardened

text: with

text: depleted

text: uranium

text: plates

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: depleted

text: uranium

text: became

text: politically

text: and

text: environmentally

text: contentious

text: after

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: such

text: munitions

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: UK

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: during

text: wars

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Balkans

text: raised

text: questions

text: concerning

text: uranium

text: compounds

text: left

text: in

text: the

text: soil

text: see

text: Gulf

text: War

text: Syndrome

question: What is uranium used for most often in the military?

answer: high-density penetrators

text: high-density penetrators

question: Along with titanium, what element often makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?

answer: molybdenum

text: molybdenum

question: What percentage of high-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?

answer: 1–2%

question: Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UK used depleted uranium munitions?

answer: Persian Gulf

text: Persian Gulf

question: What illness is possibly tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?

answer: Gulf War Syndrome

text: Gulf War Syndrome


text: By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. They were highly segregated and subject to long-standing anti-Jewish regulations. They maintained their own customs, Yiddish language, and historic traditions within the tightly-knit ghettos; they adhered to Talmudic law enforced by their rabbis. Jews were barred from most cities and instead lived in villages. They concentrated in trade, services, and especially in money lending. They financed about a third of the mortgages in Alsace. Official tolerance grew during the French Revolution, with full emancipation in 1791. However, local antisemitism also increased and Napoleon turned hostile in 1806, imposing a one-year moratorium on all debts owed to Jews.[citation needed] In the 1830-1870 era most Jews moved to the cities, where they integrated and acculturated, as antisemitism sharply declined. By 1831, the state began paying salaries to official rabbis, and in 1846 a special legal oath for Jews was discontinued. Antisemitic local riots occasionally occurred, especially during the Revolution of 1848. Merger of Alsace into Germany in 1871-1918 lessened antisemitic violence.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: By

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: of

text: Alsace

text: was

text: approximately

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: provincial

text: population

text: They

text: were

text: highly

text: segregated

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: long

text: standing

text: anti

text: Jewish

text: regulations

text: They

text: maintained

text: their

text: own

text: customs

text: Yiddish

text: language

text: and

text: historic

text: traditions

text: within

text: the

text: tightly

text: knit

text: ghettos

text: they

text: adhered

text: to

text: Talmudic

text: law

text: enforced

text: by

text: their

text: rabbis

text: Jews

text: were

text: barred

text: from

text: most

text: cities

text: and

text: instead

text: lived

text: in

text: villages

text: They

text: concentrated

text: in

text: trade

text: services

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: money

text: lending

text: They

text: financed

text: about

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: mortgages

text: in

text: Alsace

text: Official

text: tolerance

text: grew

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: with

text: full

text: emancipation

text: in

text: However

text: local

text: antisemitism

text: also

text: increased

text: and

text: Napoleon

text: turned

text: hostile

text: in

text: imposing

text: a

text: one

text: year

text: moratorium

text: on

text: all

text: debts

text: owed

text: to

text: Jews.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: era

text: most

text: Jews

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: cities

text: where

text: they

text: integrated

text: and

text: acculturated

text: as

text: antisemitism

text: sharply

text: declined

text: By

text: the

text: state

text: began

text: paying

text: salaries

text: to

text: official

text: rabbis

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: special

text: legal

text: oath

text: for

text: Jews

text: was

text: discontinued

text: Antisemitic

text: local

text: riots

text: occasionally

text: occurred

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: Revolution

text: of

text: Merger

text: of

text: Alsace

text: into

text: Germany

text: in

text: lessened

text: antisemitic

text: violence

question: What was the population of Alsace in 1790?

answer: 22,500

question: Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle?

answer: in villages

text: in villages

question: in 1791 Jews were granted what by the French?

answer: full emancipation

text: full emancipation

question: Which country was Alsace merged into during  1871-1918

answer: Germany

text: Germany


text: Technology magazine T3 gave the Super Slim model a positive review, stating the console is almost "nostalgic" in the design similarities to the original "fat" model, "While we don’t know whether it will play PS3 games or Blu-ray discs any differently yet, the look and feel of the new PS3 Slim is an obvious homage to the original PS3, minus the considerable excess weight. Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Technology

text: magazine

text: gave

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: a

text: positive

text: review

text: stating

text: the

text: console

text: is

text: almost

text: nostalgic

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: similarities

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: fat

text: model

text: While

text: we

text: do

text: n’t

text: know

text: whether

text: it

text: will

text: play

text: games

text: or

text: Blu

text: ray

text: discs

text: any

text: differently

text: yet

text: the

text: look

text: and

text: feel

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Slim

text: is

text: an

text: obvious

text: homage

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: minus

text: the

text: considerable

text: excess

text: weight

text: Immediately

text: we

text: would

text: be

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: durability

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: loading

text: tray

text: that

text: feels

text: like

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: yanked

text: straight

text: out

text: off

text: the

text: console

text: but

text: ultimately

text: it

text: all

text: feels

text: like

text: Sony

text: 's

text: nostalgic

text: way

text: of

text: signing

text: off

text: the

text: current

text: generation

text: console

text: in

text: anticipation

text: for

text: the

question: What magazine described the Super Slim as "nostalgic"?

answer: T3

question: What PlayStation 3 model did T3 feel the Super Slim's design was paying homage to?

answer: the original PS3

text: the original PS3

question: According to T3, what was the main differentiator between the "fat" PS3 and the Super Slim?

answer: weight

text: weight

question: What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability?

answer: the top loading tray

text: the top loading tray

question: T3 felt Sony was saying goodbye to past models in preparation for what next-generation console?

answer: the PS4

text: the PS4


text: Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Rugby

text: union

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: sport

text: in

text: Samoa

text: and

text: the

text: national

text: team

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Manu

text: Samoa

text: is

text: consistently

text: competitive

text: against

text: teams

text: from

text: vastly

text: more

text: populous

text: nations

text: Samoa

text: has

text: competed

text: at

text: every

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: since

text: and

text: made

text: the

text: quarter

text: finals

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: round

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: cup

text: At

text: the

text: world

text: cup

text: Manu

text: Samoa

text: came

text: close

text: to

text: beating

text: eventual

text: world

text: champions

text: England

text: Samoa

text: also

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Nations

text: Cup

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Tri

text: Nations

text: The

text: sport

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Samoa

text: Rugby

text: Football

text: Union

text: who

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: Rugby

text: Alliance

text: and

text: thus

text: also

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: Pacific

text: Islanders

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

question: What do Samoans affectionately call their national rugby team?

answer: Manu Samoa

text: Manu Samoa

question: The Samoan team hasn't missed a Rugby World Cup since what year?

answer: 1991

question: What organization governs the Samoan rugby team?

answer: Samoa Rugby Football Union

text: Samoa Rugby Football Union

question: What team that went on to become World Cup champions was almost bested by Manu Samoa in 2003?

answer: England

text: England

question: In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup?

answer: 1999


text: In ordinary circumstances, transduction, conjugation, and transformation involve transfer of DNA between individual bacteria of the same species, but occasionally transfer may occur between individuals of different bacterial species and this may have significant consequences, such as the transfer of antibiotic resistance. In such cases, gene acquisition from other bacteria or the environment is called horizontal gene transfer and may be common under natural conditions. Gene transfer is particularly important in antibiotic resistance as it allows the rapid transfer of resistance genes between different pathogens.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: In

text: ordinary

text: circumstances

text: transduction

text: conjugation

text: and

text: transformation

text: involve

text: transfer

text: of

text: DNA

text: between

text: individual

text: bacteria

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: but

text: occasionally

text: transfer

text: may

text: occur

text: between

text: individuals

text: of

text: different

text: bacterial

text: species

text: and

text: this

text: may

text: have

text: significant

text: consequences

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: resistance

text: In

text: such

text: cases

text: gene

text: acquisition

text: from

text: other

text: bacteria

text: or

text: the

text: environment

text: is

text: called

text: horizontal

text: gene

text: transfer

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: common

text: under

text: natural

text: conditions

text: Gene

text: transfer

text: is

text: particularly

text: important

text: in

text: antibiotic

text: resistance

text: as

text: it

text: allows

text: the

text: rapid

text: transfer

text: of

text: resistance

text: genes

text: between

text: different

text: pathogens

question: Between what species do usually transduction, conjugation and transformation take place?

answer: the same species

text: the same species

question: What are the consequences of transfer between different species of bacteria?

answer: transfer of antibiotic resistance

text: transfer of antibiotic resistance

question: What is horizontal gene transfer?

answer: gene acquisition from other bacteria or the environment

text: gene acquisition from other bacteria or the environment


text: Each code point has a single General Category property. The major categories are: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other. Within these categories, there are subdivisions. The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point. E.g., U+000A <control-000A> Line feed (LF) in ASCII is both a control and a formatting separator; in Unicode the General Category is "Other, Control". Often, other properties must be used to specify the characteristics and behaviour of a code point. The possible General Categories are:

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Each

text: code

text: point

text: has

text: a

text: single

text: General

text: Category

text: property

text: The

text: major

text: categories

text: are

text: Letter

text: Mark

text: Number

text: Punctuation

text: Symbol

text: Separator

text: and

text: Other

text: Within

text: these

text: categories

text: there

text: are

text: subdivisions

text: The

text: General

text: Category

text: is

text: not

text: useful

text: for

text: every

text: use

text: since

text: legacy

text: encodings

text: have

text: used

text: multiple

text: characteristics

text: per

text: single

text: code

text: point

text: E.g.

text: Line

text: feed

text: LF

text: in

text: ASCII

text: is

text: both

text: a

text: control

text: and

text: a

text: formatting

text: separator

text: in

text: Unicode

text: the

text: General

text: Category

text: is

text: Other

text: Control

text: Often

text: other

text: properties

text: must

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: specify

text: the

text: characteristics

text: and

text: behaviour

text: of

text: a

text: code

text: point

text: The

text: possible

text: General

text: Categories

text: are

question: What are the General Categories of Unicode?

answer: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other

text: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other

question: What type of use is the General Category not helpful for?

answer: not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point

text: not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point

question: What is the General Category in Unicode?

answer: Other, Control

text: Other, Control

question: How many General Category properties does each code point have?

answer: a single General Category property

text: a single General Category property

question: What exists within the main Unicode categories?

answer: subdivisions

text: subdivisions


text: The assertion that the Cubist depiction of space, mass, time, and volume supports (rather than contradicts) the flatness of the canvas was made by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler as early as 1920, but it was subject to criticism in the 1950s and 1960s, especially by Clement Greenberg. Contemporary views of Cubism are complex, formed to some extent in response to the "Salle 41" Cubists, whose methods were too distinct from those of Picasso and Braque to be considered merely secondary to them. Alternative interpretations of Cubism have therefore developed. Wider views of Cubism include artists who were later associated with the "Salle 41" artists, e.g., Francis Picabia; the brothers Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp-Villon and Marcel Duchamp, who beginning in late 1911 formed the core of the Section d'Or (or the Puteaux Group); the sculptors Alexander Archipenko, Joseph Csaky and Ossip Zadkine as well as Jacques Lipchitz and Henri Laurens; and painters such as Louis Marcoussis, Roger de La Fresnaye, František Kupka, Diego Rivera, Léopold Survage, Auguste Herbin, André Lhote, Gino Severini (after 1916), María Blanchard (after 1916) and Georges Valmier (after 1918). More fundamentally, Christopher Green argues that Douglas Cooper's terms were "later undermined by interpretations of the work of Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger that stress iconographic and ideological questions rather than methods of representation."

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: assertion

text: that

text: the

text: Cubist

text: depiction

text: of

text: space

text: mass

text: time

text: and

text: volume

text: supports

text: rather

text: than

text: contradicts

text: the

text: flatness

text: of

text: the

text: canvas

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: Daniel

text: Henry

text: Kahnweiler

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: subject

text: to

text: criticism

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: especially

text: by

text: Clement

text: Greenberg

text: Contemporary

text: views

text: of

text: Cubism

text: are

text: complex

text: formed

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: Salle

text: Cubists

text: whose

text: methods

text: were

text: too

text: distinct

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: Picasso

text: and

text: Braque

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: merely

text: secondary

text: to

text: them

text: Alternative

text: interpretations

text: of

text: Cubism

text: have

text: therefore

text: developed

text: Wider

text: views

text: of

text: Cubism

text: include

text: artists

text: who

text: were

text: later

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Salle

text: artists

text: e.g.

text: Francis

text: Picabia

text: the

text: brothers

text: Jacques

text: Villon

text: Raymond

text: Duchamp

text: Villon

text: and

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: who

text: beginning

text: in

text: late

text: formed

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: or

text: the

text: Puteaux

text: Group

text: the

text: sculptors

text: Alexander

text: Archipenko

text: Joseph

text: Csaky

text: and

text: Ossip

text: Zadkine

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Jacques

text: Lipchitz

text: and

text: Henri

text: Laurens

text: and

text: painters

text: such

text: as

text: Louis

text: Marcoussis

text: Roger

text: de

text: La

text: Fresnaye

text: František

text: Kupka

text: Diego

text: Rivera

text: Léopold

text: Survage

text: Auguste

text: Herbin

text: André

text: Lhote

text: Gino

text: Severini

text: after

text: María

text: Blanchard

text: after

text: and

text: Georges

text: Valmier

text: after

text: More

text: fundamentally

text: Christopher

text: Green

text: argues

text: that

text: Douglas

text: Cooper

text: 's

text: terms

text: were

text: later

text: undermined

text: by

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Picasso

text: Braque

text: Gris

text: and

text: Léger

text: that

text: stress

text: iconographic

text: and

text: ideological

text: questions

text: rather

text: than

text: methods

text: of

text: representation

question: Who asserted that the flat canvas supported Cubism?

answer: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

text: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

question: In what year was the assertion made that the flat canvas supported Cubism?

answer: early as 1920

text: early as 1920

question: When was the assertion that the flat canvas supported Cubism put into debate?

answer: 1950s and 1960s,

text: 1950s and 1960s,

question: Who was the main opponent that began to argue that the flat canvas did not support Cubism?

answer: Clement Greenberg.

text: Clement Greenberg.

question: Who's work undermined Douglass  Coopers terms describing Cubism?

answer: Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger

text: Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger


text: The group's second LP, Queen II, was released in 1974, and features rock photographer Mick Rock's iconic image of the band on the cover. This image would be used as the basis for the 1975 "Bohemian Rhapsody" music video production. The album reached number five on the British album chart and became the first Queen album to chart in the UK. The Freddie Mercury-written lead single "Seven Seas of Rhye" reached number ten in the UK, giving the band their first hit. The album is the first real testament to the band's distinctive layered sound, and features long complex instrumental passages, fantasy-themed lyrics, and musical virtuosity. Aside from its only single, the album also included the song "The March of the Black Queen", a six-minute epic which lacks a chorus. The Daily Vault described the number as "menacing". Critical reaction was mixed; the Winnipeg Free Press, while praising the band's debut album, described Queen II as a "over-produced monstrosity". Allmusic has described the album as a favourite among the band's hardcore fans, and it is the first of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: group

text: 's

text: second

text: LP

text: Queen

text: II

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: features

text: rock

text: photographer

text: Mick

text: Rock

text: 's

text: iconic

text: image

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: on

text: the

text: cover

text: This

text: image

text: would

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: music

text: video

text: production

text: The

text: album

text: reached

text: number

text: five

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: album

text: chart

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Queen

text: album

text: to

text: chart

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: The

text: Freddie

text: Mercury

text: written

text: lead

text: single

text: Seven

text: Seas

text: of

text: Rhye

text: reached

text: number

text: ten

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: giving

text: the

text: band

text: their

text: first

text: hit

text: The

text: album

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: real

text: testament

text: to

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: distinctive

text: layered

text: sound

text: and

text: features

text: long

text: complex

text: instrumental

text: passages

text: fantasy

text: themed

text: lyrics

text: and

text: musical

text: virtuosity

text: Aside

text: from

text: its

text: only

text: single

text: the

text: album

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: song

text: The

text: March

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Queen

text: a

text: six

text: minute

text: epic

text: which

text: lacks

text: a

text: chorus

text: The

text: Daily

text: Vault

text: described

text: the

text: number

text: as

text: menacing

text: Critical

text: reaction

text: was

text: mixed

text: the

text: Winnipeg

text: Free

text: Press

text: while

text: praising

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: described

text: Queen

text: II

text: as

text: a

text: over

text: produced

text: monstrosity

text: Allmusic

text: has

text: described

text: the

text: album

text: as

text: a

text: favourite

text: among

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: hardcore

text: fans

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: three

text: Queen

text: albums

text: to

text: feature

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Albums

text: You

text: Must

text: Hear

text: Before

text: You

text: Die

question: What was the name of Queen's second LP?

answer: Queen II

text: Queen II

question: What year was Queen's second album released?

answer: 1974

question: Who designed the cover of Queen's second album?

answer: Mick Rock

text: Mick Rock

question: Who wrote the song Seven Seas of Rhye?

answer: Freddie Mercury

text: Freddie Mercury

question: How long is the song The March of the Black Queen?

answer: six-minute

text: six-minute


text: According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: latest

text: nationwide

text: census

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: constituted

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Germany

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Evangelical

text: Protestants

text: at

text: Other

text: religions

text: atheists

text: or

text: not

text: specified

text: constituted

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Among

text: others

text: are

text: Protestants

text: not

text: included

text: in

text: Evangelical

text: Church

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: other

text: Christians

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Restorationist

text: New

text: Apostolic

text: Church

text: Protestantism

text: was

text: more

text: common

text: among

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: Germany

text: The

text: North

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: is

text: predominantly

text: Protestant

text: the

text: South

text: and

text: West

text: rather

text: Catholic

text: Nowadays

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: non

text: religious

text: majority

text: in

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: German

text: states

question: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?

answer: 30.8

question: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?

answer: 30.3

question: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant

question: Where is there a non-religious majority?

answer: Hamburg and the East German states

text: Hamburg and the East German states


text: Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Tito

text: 's

text: foreign

text: policy

text: led

text: to

text: relationships

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: governments

text: such

text: as

text: exchanging

text: visits

text: and

text: with

text: Emperor

text: Haile

text: Selassie

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: where

text: a

text: street

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: his

text: honor

question: When did Tito first visit Emperor Haile Selassie?

answer: 1954

question: When did Tito last visit Emperor Selassie?

answer: 1956

question: What country does Emperor Selassie rule?

answer: Ethiopia

text: Ethiopia

question: In what country does Tito have a street named in his honor?

answer: Ethiopia

text: Ethiopia

question: Who is the Emperor of Ethiopia in 1954?

answer: Selassie

text: Selassie


text: Tensions over rising Polish nationalism and the economic effects of the Continental System led to renewed confrontation with Russia. To enforce his blockade, Napoleon launched an invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The resulting campaign witnessed the catastrophic collapse of the Grand Army, forcing the French to retreat, as well as leading to the widespread destruction of Russian lands and cities. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in a Sixth Coalition against France. A chaotic military campaign in Central Europe eventually culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October. The next year, the Allies invaded France and captured Paris, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April 1814. He was exiled to the island of Elba. The Bourbons were restored to power and the French lost most of the territories that they had conquered since the Revolution. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of the government once again. The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which ultimately defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The Royal Navy then thwarted his planned escape to the United States in July, so he surrendered to the British after running out of other options. The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic. His death in 1821 at the age of 51 was received with shock and grief throughout Europe. In 1840, a million people witnessed his remains returning to Paris, where they still reside at Les Invalides.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Tensions

text: over

text: rising

text: Polish

text: nationalism

text: and

text: the

text: economic

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: led

text: to

text: renewed

text: confrontation

text: with

text: Russia

text: To

text: enforce

text: his

text: blockade

text: Napoleon

text: launched

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: The

text: resulting

text: campaign

text: witnessed

text: the

text: catastrophic

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Army

text: forcing

text: the

text: French

text: to

text: retreat

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: widespread

text: destruction

text: of

text: Russian

text: lands

text: and

text: cities

text: In

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Austria

text: joined

text: Russian

text: forces

text: in

text: a

text: Sixth

text: Coalition

text: against

text: France

text: A

text: chaotic

text: military

text: campaign

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: eventually

text: culminated

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: Allied

text: army

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Leipzig

text: in

text: October

text: The

text: next

text: year

text: the

text: Allies

text: invaded

text: France

text: and

text: captured

text: Paris

text: forcing

text: Napoleon

text: to

text: abdicate

text: in

text: April

text: He

text: was

text: exiled

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Elba

text: The

text: Bourbons

text: were

text: restored

text: to

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: lost

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: territories

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: conquered

text: since

text: the

text: Revolution

text: However

text: Napoleon

text: escaped

text: from

text: Elba

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: once

text: again

text: The

text: Allies

text: responded

text: by

text: forming

text: a

text: Seventh

text: Coalition

text: which

text: ultimately

text: defeated

text: Napoleon

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Waterloo

text: in

text: June

text: The

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: then

text: thwarted

text: his

text: planned

text: escape

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: July

text: so

text: he

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: after

text: running

text: out

text: of

text: other

text: options

text: The

text: British

text: exiled

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: remote

text: island

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: His

text: death

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: was

text: received

text: with

text: shock

text: and

text: grief

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: In

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: witnessed

text: his

text: remains

text: returning

text: to

text: Paris

text: where

text: they

text: still

text: reside

text: at

text: Les

text: Invalides

question: What nation did Napoleon invade in 1812 to enforce his blockade?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: The 1812 invasion of Russia resulted in the collapse of which military unit?

answer: the Grand Army

text: the Grand Army

question: In what year was the Sixth Coalition formed?

answer: 1813

question: In addition to Russia, the Sixth Coalition consisted of forces from which two nations?

answer: Prussia and Austria

text: Prussia and Austria

question: In what year did the Allies capture Paris and force Napoleon's abdication?

answer: 1814


text: The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, or the Forbidden City. There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. The principal rooms are contained on the piano nobile behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase. The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a tribune lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining, but are open to the public every summer.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: The

text: palace

text: measures

text: metres

text: ft

text: by

text: metres

text: ft

text: is

text: metres

text: ft

text: high

text: and

text: contains

text: over

text: sq

text: ft

text: of

text: floorspace

text: The

text: floor

text: area

text: is

text: smaller

text: than

text: the

text: Royal

text: Palace

text: of

text: Madrid

text: the

text: Papal

text: Palace

text: in

text: Rome

text: the

text: Louvre

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: Hofburg

text: Palace

text: in

text: Vienna

text: or

text: the

text: Forbidden

text: City

text: There

text: are

text: rooms

text: including

text: state

text: rooms

text: principal

text: bedrooms

text: staff

text: bedrooms

text: offices

text: and

text: bathrooms

text: The

text: principal

text: rooms

text: are

text: contained

text: on

text: the

text: piano

text: nobile

text: behind

text: the

text: west

text: facing

text: garden

text: façade

text: at

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: The

text: centre

text: of

text: this

text: ornate

text: suite

text: of

text: state

text: rooms

text: is

text: the

text: Music

text: Room

text: its

text: large

text: bow

text: the

text: dominant

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: façade

text: Flanking

text: the

text: Music

text: Room

text: are

text: the

text: Blue

text: and

text: the

text: White

text: Drawing

text: Rooms

text: At

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: suite

text: serving

text: as

text: a

text: corridor

text: to

text: link

text: the

text: state

text: rooms

text: is

text: the

text: Picture

text: Gallery

text: which

text: is

text: top

text: lit

text: and

text: yards

text: m

text: long

text: The

text: Gallery

text: is

text: hung

text: with

text: numerous

text: works

text: including

text: some

text: by

text: Rembrandt

text: van

text: Dyck

text: Rubens

text: and

text: Vermeer

text: other

text: rooms

text: leading

text: from

text: the

text: Picture

text: Gallery

text: are

text: the

text: Throne

text: Room

text: and

text: the

text: Green

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: The

text: Green

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: huge

text: anteroom

text: to

text: the

text: Throne

text: Room

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: from

text: the

text: Guard

text: Room

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Staircase

text: The

text: Guard

text: Room

text: contains

text: white

text: marble

text: statues

text: of

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Prince

text: Albert

text: in

text: Roman

text: costume

text: set

text: in

text: a

text: tribune

text: lined

text: with

text: tapestries

text: These

text: very

text: formal

text: rooms

text: are

text: used

text: only

text: for

text: ceremonial

text: and

text: official

text: entertaining

text: but

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: every

text: summer

question: How many principle bedrooms does the palace have?

answer: 52

question: How many bathrooms are there?

answer: 78

question: A large bow is a large feature of the facade in which stateroom?

answer: the Music Room

text: the Music Room

question: How long is the Picture Gallery in yards?

answer: 55 yards

text: 55 yards

question: Which rooms has large white marble statues of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria?

answer: The Guard Room

text: The Guard Room

question: What is the floor space of the palace?

answer: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)

text: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)

question: How many staterooms does the palace have?

answer: 19 state rooms

text: 19 state rooms

question: How many bathrooms does the palace have?

answer: 78 bathrooms

text: 78 bathrooms

question: How many offices does the palace have?

answer: 92 offices

text: 92 offices


text: The administration of justice was of particular importance to John. Several new processes had been introduced to English law under Henry II, including novel disseisin and mort d'ancestor. These processes meant the royal courts had a more significant role in local law cases, which had previously been dealt with only by regional or local lords. John increased the professionalism of local sergeants and bailiffs, and extended the system of coroners first introduced by Hubert Walter in 1194, creating a new class of borough coroners. John worked extremely hard to ensure that this system operated well, through judges he had appointed, by fostering legal specialists and expertise, and by intervening in cases himself. John continued to try relatively minor cases, even during military crises. Viewed positively, Lewis Warren considers that John discharged "his royal duty of providing justice ... with a zeal and a tirelessness to which the English common law is greatly endebted". Seen more critically, John may have been motivated by the potential of the royal legal process to raise fees, rather than a desire to deliver simple justice; John's legal system also only applied to free men, rather than to all of the population. Nonetheless, these changes were popular with many free tenants, who acquired a more reliable legal system that could bypass the barons, against whom such cases were often brought. John's reforms were less popular with the barons themselves, especially as they remained subject to arbitrary and frequently vindictive royal justice.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: administration

text: of

text: justice

text: was

text: of

text: particular

text: importance

text: to

text: John

text: Several

text: new

text: processes

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: to

text: English

text: law

text: under

text: Henry

text: II

text: including

text: novel

text: disseisin

text: and

text: mort

text: d'ancestor

text: These

text: processes

text: meant

text: the

text: royal

text: courts

text: had

text: a

text: more

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: local

text: law

text: cases

text: which

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: dealt

text: with

text: only

text: by

text: regional

text: or

text: local

text: lords

text: John

text: increased

text: the

text: professionalism

text: of

text: local

text: sergeants

text: and

text: bailiffs

text: and

text: extended

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: coroners

text: first

text: introduced

text: by

text: Hubert

text: Walter

text: in

text: creating

text: a

text: new

text: class

text: of

text: borough

text: coroners

text: John

text: worked

text: extremely

text: hard

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: this

text: system

text: operated

text: well

text: through

text: judges

text: he

text: had

text: appointed

text: by

text: fostering

text: legal

text: specialists

text: and

text: expertise

text: and

text: by

text: intervening

text: in

text: cases

text: himself

text: John

text: continued

text: to

text: try

text: relatively

text: minor

text: cases

text: even

text: during

text: military

text: crises

text: Viewed

text: positively

text: Lewis

text: Warren

text: considers

text: that

text: John

text: discharged

text: his

text: royal

text: duty

text: of

text: providing

text: justice

text: with

text: a

text: zeal

text: and

text: a

text: tirelessness

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: is

text: greatly

text: endebted

text: Seen

text: more

text: critically

text: John

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: motivated

text: by

text: the

text: potential

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: legal

text: process

text: to

text: raise

text: fees

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: deliver

text: simple

text: justice

text: John

text: 's

text: legal

text: system

text: also

text: only

text: applied

text: to

text: free

text: men

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Nonetheless

text: these

text: changes

text: were

text: popular

text: with

text: many

text: free

text: tenants

text: who

text: acquired

text: a

text: more

text: reliable

text: legal

text: system

text: that

text: could

text: bypass

text: the

text: barons

text: against

text: whom

text: such

text: cases

text: were

text: often

text: brought

text: John

text: 's

text: reforms

text: were

text: less

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: barons

text: themselves

text: especially

text: as

text: they

text: remained

text: subject

text: to

text: arbitrary

text: and

text: frequently

text: vindictive

text: royal

text: justice

question: What was of particular importance to John?

answer: administration of justice

text: administration of justice

question: When was the system of coroners first introduced?

answer: 1194

question: Why was John motivated?

answer: potential of the royal legal process to raise fees

text: potential of the royal legal process to raise fees


text: Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Stone

text: and

text: brick

text: became

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: building

text: materials

text: of

text: choice

text: after

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: wood

text: frame

text: houses

text: was

text: limited

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Fire

text: of

text: A

text: distinctive

text: feature

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: buildings

text: is

text: the

text: wooden

text: roof

text: mounted

text: water

text: towers

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: city

text: required

text: their

text: installation

text: on

text: buildings

text: higher

text: than

text: six

text: stories

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: excessively

text: high

text: water

text: pressures

text: at

text: lower

text: elevations

text: which

text: could

text: break

text: municipal

text: water

text: pipes

text: Garden

text: apartments

text: became

text: popular

text: during

text: the

text: in

text: outlying

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Jackson

text: Heights

question: What event led to the decline in wooden construction in New York City?

answer: the Great Fire of 1835

text: the Great Fire of 1835

question: In the 19th century, New York city required water towers in the roofs of buildings that were more than how many stories tall?

answer: six

text: six

question: What area was known for its garden apartments?

answer: Jackson Heights

text: Jackson Heights

question: After the Great Fire of 1835, what became the most widespread building materials?

answer: Stone and brick

text: Stone and brick

question: To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings?

answer: wooden roof-mounted water towers

text: wooden roof-mounted water towers