text: The military effectiveness of bombing varied. The Luftwaffe dropped around 45,000 short tons (41,000 t) of bombs during the Blitz disrupting production and transport, reducing food supplies and shaking the British morale. It also helped to support the U-Boat blockade by sinking some 58,000 long tons (59,000 t) of shipping destroyed and 450,000 long tons (460,000 t) damaged. Yet, overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period although there were significant falls during April 1941, probably influenced by the departure of workers of Easter Holidays according to the British official history. The British official history on war production noted the great impact was upon the supply of components rather than complete equipment. In aircraft production, the British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month, arguably the greatest achievement of the bombing, as it forced the dispersal of industry. In April 1941, when the targets were British ports, rifle production fell by 25%, filled-shell production by 4.6%, and in smallarms production 4.5% overall. The strategic impact on industrial cities was varied; most took from 10–15 days to recover from heavy raids, although Belfast and Liverpool took longer. The attacks against Birmingham took war industries some three months to recover fully from. The exhausted population took three weeks to overcome the effects of an attack.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: military

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: bombing

text: varied

text: The

text: Luftwaffe

text: dropped

text: around

text: short

text: tons

text: t

text: of

text: bombs

text: during

text: the

text: Blitz

text: disrupting

text: production

text: and

text: transport

text: reducing

text: food

text: supplies

text: and

text: shaking

text: the

text: British

text: morale

text: It

text: also

text: helped

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: U

text: Boat

text: blockade

text: by

text: sinking

text: some

text: long

text: tons

text: t

text: of

text: shipping

text: destroyed

text: and

text: long

text: tons

text: t

text: damaged

text: Yet

text: overall

text: the

text: British

text: production

text: rose

text: steadily

text: throughout

text: this

text: period

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: significant

text: falls

text: during

text: April

text: probably

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: workers

text: of

text: Easter

text: Holidays

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: official

text: history

text: The

text: British

text: official

text: history

text: on

text: war

text: production

text: noted

text: the

text: great

text: impact

text: was

text: upon

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: components

text: rather

text: than

text: complete

text: equipment

text: In

text: aircraft

text: production

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: denied

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: planned

text: target

text: of

text: aircraft

text: in

text: a

text: month

text: arguably

text: the

text: greatest

text: achievement

text: of

text: the

text: bombing

text: as

text: it

text: forced

text: the

text: dispersal

text: of

text: industry

text: In

text: April

text: when

text: the

text: targets

text: were

text: British

text: ports

text: rifle

text: production

text: fell

text: by

text: filled

text: shell

text: production

text: by

text: and

text: in

text: smallarms

text: production

text: overall

text: The

text: strategic

text: impact

text: on

text: industrial

text: cities

text: was

text: varied

text: most

text: took

text: from

text: days

text: to

text: recover

text: from

text: heavy

text: raids

text: although

text: Belfast

text: and

text: Liverpool

text: took

text: longer

text: The

text: attacks

text: against

text: Birmingham

text: took

text: war

text: industries

text: some

text: three

text: months

text: to

text: recover

text: fully

text: from

text: The

text: exhausted

text: population

text: took

text: three

text: weeks

text: to

text: overcome

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: an

text: attack

question: The Luftwaffe used how many short tons of bombs during the Blitz?

answer: 45,000 short tons

text: 45,000 short tons

question: The Luftwaffe helped the U-boats by sinking how much shipping?

answer: 58,000 long tons

text: 58,000 long tons

question: How did the British production fare as a result of all the bombing?

answer: overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period

text: overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period

question: What was the greatest achievement of the bombings?

answer: British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month

text: British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month

question: How long was the recovery of industrial cities from raids?

answer: most took from 10–15 days

text: most took from 10–15 days


text: The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: determines

text: that

text: the

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: sovereign

text: who

text: since

text: has

text: authorized

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: viceroy

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: to

text: exercise

text: the

text: duties

text: ascribed

text: to

text: the

text: post

text: of

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: and

text: to

text: hold

text: the

text: associated

text: title

text: since

text: All

text: troop

text: deployment

text: and

text: disposition

text: orders

text: including

text: declarations

text: of

text: war

text: fall

text: within

text: the

text: royal

text: prerogative

text: and

text: are

text: issued

text: as

text: Orders

text: in

text: Council

text: which

text: must

text: be

text: signed

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: monarch

text: or

text: governor

text: general

text: Under

text: the

text: Westminster

text: system

text: 's

text: parliamentary

text: customs

text: and

text: practices

text: however

text: the

text: monarch

text: and

text: viceroy

text: must

text: generally

text: follow

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: ministers

text: in

text: Cabinet

text: including

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: and

text: minister

text: of

text: national

text: defence

text: who

text: are

text: accountable

text: to

text: the

text: elected

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

question: What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?

answer: The Canadian constitution

text: The Canadian constitution

question: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?

answer: the governor general

text: the governor general

question: What orders fall under the royal prerogative?

answer: troop deployment and disposition orders

text: troop deployment and disposition orders

question: Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?

answer: the monarch or governor general

text: the monarch or governor general

question: Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?

answer: the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet

text: the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet


text: By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pompeii and other sites, the influence of the Grand Tour and the work of William Chambers and Robert Adam, was pivotal in this regard. In France, the movement was propelled by a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and was influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. The style was also adopted by progressive circles in other countries such as Sweden and Russia.

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: By

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: the

text: movement

text: broadened

text: to

text: incorporate

text: a

text: greater

text: range

text: of

text: Classical

text: influences

text: including

text: those

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: The

text: shift

text: to

text: neoclassical

text: architecture

text: is

text: conventionally

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: It

text: first

text: gained

text: influence

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: France

text: in

text: England

text: Sir

text: William

text: Hamilton

text: 's

text: excavations

text: at

text: Pompeii

text: and

text: other

text: sites

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Tour

text: and

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: William

text: Chambers

text: and

text: Robert

text: Adam

text: was

text: pivotal

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: In

text: France

text: the

text: movement

text: was

text: propelled

text: by

text: a

text: generation

text: of

text: French

text: art

text: students

text: trained

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Johann

text: Joachim

text: Winckelmann

text: The

text: style

text: was

text: also

text: adopted

text: by

text: progressive

text: circles

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Russia

question: What additional influences were incorporated into neoclassical architecture by mid 18th century?

answer: Ancient Greece

text: Ancient Greece

question: What englishman excavated pompeii?

answer: Sir William Hamilton

text: Sir William Hamilton

question: In what city did a generation of French art students study that propelled neoclassical architecture and incorporation broader styles?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: What other countries adopted the style of neoclassical?

answer: Sweden and Russia.

text: Sweden and Russia.


text: Exhibitions and annual horse shows in all districts and a national horse and cattle show at Lahore are held with the official patronage. The national horse and cattle show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held. It not only encourages and patronises agricultural products and livestock through the exhibitions of agricultural products and cattle but is also a colourful documentary on the rich cultural heritage of the province with its strong rural roots.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Exhibitions

text: and

text: annual

text: horse

text: shows

text: in

text: all

text: districts

text: and

text: a

text: national

text: horse

text: and

text: cattle

text: show

text: at

text: Lahore

text: are

text: held

text: with

text: the

text: official

text: patronage

text: The

text: national

text: horse

text: and

text: cattle

text: show

text: at

text: Lahore

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: festival

text: where

text: sports

text: exhibitions

text: and

text: livestock

text: competitions

text: are

text: held

text: It

text: not

text: only

text: encourages

text: and

text: patronises

text: agricultural

text: products

text: and

text: livestock

text: through

text: the

text: exhibitions

text: of

text: agricultural

text: products

text: and

text: cattle

text: but

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: colourful

text: documentary

text: on

text: the

text: rich

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: with

text: its

text: strong

text: rural

text: roots

question: What is Punjab's biggest festival?

answer: The national horse and cattle show

text: The national horse and cattle show

question: Where is the national horse and cattle show held?

answer: Lahore

text: Lahore

question: What happens at the national horse and cattle show?

answer: sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions

text: sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions


text: Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing countries, use of a Rotavirus vaccine in trials in 1985 yielded a slight (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence, while reducing overall mortality by 6-10%. Similarly, a Cholera vaccine showed a strong reduction in morbidity and mortality, though the overall impact of vaccination was minimal as Cholera is not one of the major causative pathogens of diarrheal disease. Since this time, more effective vaccines have been developed that have the potential to save many thousands of lives in developing nations, while reducing the overall cost of treatment, and the costs to society.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: Immunization

text: against

text: the

text: pathogens

text: that

text: cause

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: is

text: a

text: viable

text: prevention

text: strategy

text: however

text: it

text: does

text: require

text: targeting

text: certain

text: pathogens

text: for

text: vaccination

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: Rotavirus

text: which

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: around

text: of

text: diarrheal

text: episodes

text: and

text: of

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: deaths

text: in

text: the

text: children

text: of

text: developing

text: countries

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: Rotavirus

text: vaccine

text: in

text: trials

text: in

text: yielded

text: a

text: slight

text: decrease

text: in

text: total

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: incidence

text: while

text: reducing

text: overall

text: mortality

text: by

text: Similarly

text: a

text: Cholera

text: vaccine

text: showed

text: a

text: strong

text: reduction

text: in

text: morbidity

text: and

text: mortality

text: though

text: the

text: overall

text: impact

text: of

text: vaccination

text: was

text: minimal

text: as

text: Cholera

text: is

text: not

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: causative

text: pathogens

text: of

text: diarrheal

text: disease

text: Since

text: this

text: time

text: more

text: effective

text: vaccines

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: that

text: have

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: save

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: lives

text: in

text: developing

text: nations

text: while

text: reducing

text: the

text: overall

text: cost

text: of

text: treatment

text: and

text: the

text: costs

text: to

text: society

question: What is the downfall of using immunization against the pathogens that cause disease?

answer: it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination

text: it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination

question: What is responsible for 6% of dearrheal disease?

answer: Rotavirus

text: Rotavirus

question: What percent is the rotavirus responsible for in diarrheal disease deaths?

answer: 20%

question: What was the effect of the Rotavirus vaccine?

answer: (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence

text: (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence

question: What year was the Rotovirus vaccine used?

answer: 1985


text: A treaty breach does not automatically suspend or terminate treaty relations, however. It depends on how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it. Sometimes treaties will provide for the seriousness of a breach to be determined by a tribunal or other independent arbiter. An advantage of such an arbiter is that it prevents a party from prematurely and perhaps wrongfully suspending or terminating its own obligations due to another's alleged material breach.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: A

text: treaty

text: breach

text: does

text: not

text: automatically

text: suspend

text: or

text: terminate

text: treaty

text: relations

text: however

text: It

text: depends

text: on

text: how

text: the

text: other

text: parties

text: regard

text: the

text: breach

text: and

text: how

text: they

text: resolve

text: to

text: respond

text: to

text: it

text: Sometimes

text: treaties

text: will

text: provide

text: for

text: the

text: seriousness

text: of

text: a

text: breach

text: to

text: be

text: determined

text: by

text: a

text: tribunal

text: or

text: other

text: independent

text: arbiter

text: An

text: advantage

text: of

text: such

text: an

text: arbiter

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: prevents

text: a

text: party

text: from

text: prematurely

text: and

text: perhaps

text: wrongfully

text: suspending

text: or

text: terminating

text: its

text: own

text: obligations

text: due

text: to

text: another

text: 's

text: alleged

text: material

text: breach

question: What might a tribunal or an arbiter be asked to determine regarding a breach of a treaty?

answer: the seriousness of a breach

text: the seriousness of a breach

question: Using what to determine the seriousness of a breach can prevent a party from prematurely suspending its obligations due to another party's alleged material breach?

answer: a tribunal or other independent arbiter

text: a tribunal or other independent arbiter

question: Does a material breach necessarily suspend or terminate treaty relations?

answer: does not

text: does not

question: What determines whether a breach automatically suspends or terminates treaty relations?

answer: how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it

text: how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it

question: A treaty breach does not necessarily affect treaty relations depending on how serious the other parties view the breach and what other factor?

answer: how they resolve to respond to it

text: how they resolve to respond to it


text: After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott, the manuscript, at that point titled "Go Set a Watchman", fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey — known professionally as Tay Hohoff — a small, wiry veteran editor in her late 50s. Hohoff was impressed. “[T]he spark of the true writer flashed in every line,” she would later recount in a corporate history of Lippincott. But as Hohoff saw it, the manuscript was by no means fit for publication. It was, as she described it, “more a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel.” During the next couple of years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: After

text: finishing

text: the

text: first

text: draft

text: and

text: returning

text: it

text: to

text: Lippincott

text: the

text: manuscript

text: at

text: that

text: point

text: titled

text: Go

text: Set

text: a

text: Watchman

text: fell

text: into

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: Therese

text: von

text: Hohoff

text: Torrey

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Tay

text: Hohoff

text: a

text: small

text: wiry

text: veteran

text: editor

text: in

text: her

text: late

text: Hohoff

text: was

text: impressed

text: T]he

text: spark

text: of

text: the

text: true

text: writer

text: flashed

text: in

text: every

text: line

text: she

text: would

text: later

text: recount

text: in

text: a

text: corporate

text: history

text: of

text: Lippincott

text: But

text: as

text: Hohoff

text: saw

text: it

text: the

text: manuscript

text: was

text: by

text: no

text: means

text: fit

text: for

text: publication

text: It

text: was

text: as

text: she

text: described

text: it

text: more

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: anecdotes

text: than

text: a

text: fully

text: conceived

text: novel

text: During

text: the

text: next

text: couple

text: of

text: years

text: she

text: led

text: Lee

text: from

text: one

text: draft

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: until

text: the

text: book

text: finally

text: achieved

text: its

text: finished

text: form

text: and

text: was

text: retitled

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

question: The first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird was named what?

answer: Go Set a Watchman

text: Go Set a Watchman

question: Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird?

answer: Tay Hohoff

text: Tay Hohoff

question: What was the name of  the editor who helped Lee finish her book?

answer: Therese von Hohoff Torrey

text: Therese von Hohoff Torrey


text: In the context of cultural studies, the idea of a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture.[citation needed] Similarly, the discipline widens the concept of "culture". "Culture" for a cultural-studies researcher not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices. The last two, in fact, have become the main focus of cultural studies. A further and recent approach is comparative cultural studies, based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies.[citation needed]

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: cultural

text: studies

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: text

text: includes

text: not

text: only

text: written

text: language

text: but

text: also

text: films

text: photographs

text: fashion

text: or

text: hairstyles

text: the

text: texts

text: of

text: cultural

text: studies

text: comprise

text: all

text: the

text: meaningful

text: artifacts

text: of

text: culture.[citation

text: needed

text: Similarly

text: the

text: discipline

text: widens

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: culture

text: Culture

text: for

text: a

text: cultural

text: studies

text: researcher

text: not

text: only

text: includes

text: traditional

text: high

text: culture

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: ruling

text: social

text: groups

text: and

text: popular

text: culture

text: but

text: also

text: everyday

text: meanings

text: and

text: practices

text: The

text: last

text: two

text: in

text: fact

text: have

text: become

text: the

text: main

text: focus

text: of

text: cultural

text: studies

text: A

text: further

text: and

text: recent

text: approach

text: is

text: comparative

text: cultural

text: studies

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: disciplines

text: of

text: comparative

text: literature

text: and

text: cultural

text: studies.[citation

text: needed

question: The idea of text in cultural studies can include what forms other than written language?

answer: films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles

text: films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles

question: Which two practices have become the main focus in cultural studies?

answer: high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture

text: high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture

question: What makes up cooperative cultural studies?

answer: based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies

text: based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies


text: In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice Islands; while Fanny records that they made landfall at Funafuti, Niutao and Nanumea, Jane Resture suggests that it was more likely they landed at Nukufetau rather than Funafuti. An account of this voyage was written by Fanny Stevenson and published under the title The Cruise of the Janet Nichol, together with photographs taken by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: In

text: Robert

text: Louis

text: Stevenson

text: his

text: wife

text: Fanny

text: Vandegrift

text: Stevenson

text: and

text: her

text: son

text: Lloyd

text: Osbourne

text: sailed

text: on

text: the

text: Janet

text: Nicoll

text: a

text: trading

text: steamer

text: owned

text: by

text: Henderson

text: and

text: Macfarlane

text: of

text: Auckland

text: New

text: Zealand

text: which

text: operated

text: between

text: Sydney

text: and

text: Auckland

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: central

text: Pacific

text: The

text: Janet

text: Nicoll

text: visited

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: Ellice

text: Islands

text: while

text: Fanny

text: records

text: that

text: they

text: made

text: landfall

text: at

text: Funafuti

text: Niutao

text: and

text: Nanumea

text: Jane

text: Resture

text: suggests

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: likely

text: they

text: landed

text: at

text: Nukufetau

text: rather

text: than

text: Funafuti

text: An

text: account

text: of

text: this

text: voyage

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Fanny

text: Stevenson

text: and

text: published

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: The

text: Cruise

text: of

text: the

text: Janet

text: Nichol

text: together

text: with

text: photographs

text: taken

text: by

text: Robert

text: Louis

text: Stevenson

text: and

text: Lloyd

text: Osbourne

question: When did Robert Louis Stevenson sail on the ship Janet Nicoll?

answer: 1890

question: Who recorded the trip aboard the Janet Nicoll?

answer: Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson

text: Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson

question: What type of ship was the Janet Nicoll?

answer: trading steamer

text: trading steamer

question: What writer visited the Tuvalu Islands in 1890?

answer: Robert Louis Stevenson

text: Robert Louis Stevenson

question: What was the title of the travel book written by Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson?

answer: The Cruise of the Janet Nichol

text: The Cruise of the Janet Nichol


text: The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: The

text: migration

text: period

text: peoples

text: who

text: later

text: coalesced

text: into

text: a

text: German

text: ethnicity

text: were

text: the

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: of

text: the

text: Saxons

text: Franci

text: Thuringii

text: Alamanni

text: and

text: Bavarii

text: These

text: five

text: tribes

text: sometimes

text: with

text: inclusion

text: of

text: the

text: Frisians

text: are

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: major

text: groups

text: to

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Germans

text: The

text: varieties

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: are

text: still

text: divided

text: up

text: into

text: these

text: groups

text: Linguists

text: distinguish

text: low

text: Saxon

text: Franconian

text: Bavarian

text: Thuringian

text: and

text: Alemannic

text: varieties

text: in

text: modern

text: German

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: large

text: tribes

text: which

text: lived

text: on

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: modern

text: Germany

text: had

text: been

text: united

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Frankish

text: king

text: Charlemagne

text: known

text: in

text: German

text: as

text: Karl

text: der

text: Große

text: Much

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Eastern

text: Germany

text: became

text: Slavonic

text: speaking

text: Sorbs

text: and

text: Veleti

text: after

text: these

text: areas

text: were

text: vacated

text: by

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: Vandals

text: Lombards

text: Burgundians

text: and

text: Suebi

text: amongst

text: others

text: which

text: had

text: migrated

text: into

text: the

text: former

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?

answer: five tribes

text: five tribes

question: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?

answer: German language

text: German language

question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century?

answer: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne

question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?

answer: Eastern Germany

text: Eastern Germany

question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?

answer: Roman Empire

text: Roman Empire

question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?

answer: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii

text: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii

question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?

answer: Frisians

text: Frisians

question: Who united the 5 tribes?

answer: king Charlemagne

text: king Charlemagne

question: What century did King Charlemagne reign?

answer: 9th


text: In February 2016, West again became embroiled in controversy when he posted a tweet seemingly asserting Bill Cosby's innocence in the wake of over 50 women making allegations of sexual assault directed at Cosby.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: In

text: February

text: West

text: again

text: became

text: embroiled

text: in

text: controversy

text: when

text: he

text: posted

text: a

text: tweet

text: seemingly

text: asserting

text: Bill

text: Cosby

text: 's

text: innocence

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: over

text: women

text: making

text: allegations

text: of

text: sexual

text: assault

text: directed

text: at

text: Cosby

question: What celebrity knee-deep in controversy did Kanye endorse in a 2016 tweet?

answer: Bill Cosby

text: Bill Cosby

question: What actor was Kanye defending on Twitter in February 2016?

answer: Bill Cosby

text: Bill Cosby


text: The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius supporters and entered the city. Sulla's actions marked a watershed in the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another that was to pave the way for the wars which ultimately overthrew the Republic, and caused the founding of the Roman Empire.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: internal

text: unrest

text: reached

text: its

text: most

text: serious

text: state

text: however

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: civil

text: wars

text: that

text: were

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: clash

text: between

text: generals

text: Gaius

text: Marius

text: and

text: Lucius

text: Cornelius

text: Sulla

text: starting

text: from

text: BC

text: In

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Colline

text: Gate

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: door

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: a

text: Roman

text: army

text: under

text: Sulla

text: bested

text: an

text: army

text: of

text: the

text: Marius

text: supporters

text: and

text: entered

text: the

text: city

text: Sulla

text: 's

text: actions

text: marked

text: a

text: watershed

text: in

text: the

text: willingness

text: of

text: Roman

text: troops

text: to

text: wage

text: war

text: against

text: one

text: another

text: that

text: was

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: wars

text: which

text: ultimately

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: caused

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: What type of war was caused by the clash of two generals?

answer: civil wars

text: civil wars

question: In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash?

answer: 88 BC

text: 88 BC

question: In what specific section of Rome did the Battle of the Colline Gate take place?

answer: very door of the city

text: very door of the city

question: Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate?

answer: an army of the Marius supporters

text: an army of the Marius supporters

question: What can be considered one of the causes that led to the downfall of the Roman Republic?

answer: the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another

text: the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another


text: Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and a NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. On January 20, 2009, Beyoncé performed James' "At Last" at the First Couple's first inaugural ball. Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed. She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband. Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the US box office, grossing $68 million—$60 million more than Cadillac Records—on a budget of $20 million. The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: further

text: expanded

text: her

text: acting

text: career

text: starring

text: as

text: blues

text: singer

text: Etta

text: James

text: in

text: the

text: musical

text: biopic

text: Cadillac

text: Records

text: Her

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: received

text: praise

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: she

text: garnered

text: several

text: nominations

text: for

text: her

text: portrayal

text: of

text: James

text: including

text: a

text: Satellite

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actress

text: and

text: a

text: NAACP

text: Image

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: Outstanding

text: Supporting

text: Actress

text: Beyoncé

text: donated

text: her

text: entire

text: salary

text: from

text: the

text: film

text: to

text: Phoenix

text: House

text: an

text: organization

text: of

text: rehabilitation

text: centers

text: for

text: heroin

text: addicts

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: On

text: January

text: Beyoncé

text: performed

text: James

text: At

text: Last

text: at

text: the

text: First

text: Couple

text: 's

text: first

text: inaugural

text: ball

text: Beyoncé

text: starred

text: opposite

text: Ali

text: Larter

text: and

text: Idris

text: Elba

text: in

text: the

text: thriller

text: Obsessed

text: She

text: played

text: Sharon

text: Charles

text: a

text: mother

text: and

text: wife

text: who

text: learns

text: of

text: a

text: woman

text: 's

text: obsessive

text: behavior

text: over

text: her

text: husband

text: Although

text: the

text: film

text: received

text: negative

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: the

text: movie

text: did

text: well

text: at

text: the

text: US

text: box

text: office

text: grossing

text: million

text: more

text: than

text: Cadillac

text: Records

text: on

text: a

text: budget

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: fight

text: scene

text: finale

text: between

text: Sharon

text: and

text: the

text: character

text: played

text: by

text: Ali

text: Larter

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: MTV

text: Movie

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Fight

question: Beyonce portrayed which character in the film, Cadillac Records?

answer: Etta James

text: Etta James

question: Beyonce gave her entire salary from Cadillac Records to which organization?

answer: Phoenix House

text: Phoenix House

question: Which song did Beyonce sing at the first couple's inaugural ball?

answer: At Last

text: At Last

question: What genre of film was the movie, Obsessed, in which Beyonce starred in?

answer: thriller

text: thriller

question: A fight scene from the movie, Obsessed, won which award for Beyonce?

answer: MTV Movie Award for Best Fight

text: MTV Movie Award for Best Fight

question: Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?

answer: Phoenix House

text: Phoenix House

question: What thriller film did Beyonce star in?

answer: Obsessed

text: Obsessed

question: What was the name of the woman she played in Obsessed?

answer: Sharon Charles

text: Sharon Charles

question: How much more that the buget did the film gross?

answer: 60 million

text: 60 million

question: Which singer did Beyoncé portray in Cadillac Records?

answer: Etta James

text: Etta James

question: Which organization received Beyoncé's entire Cadillac Records salary?

answer: Phoenix House

text: Phoenix House

question: Where did Beyoncé perform on January 20, 2009?

answer: the First Couple's first inaugural ball.

text: the First Couple's first inaugural ball.

question: Which thriller film did Beyoncé star in with Ali Larter?

answer: Obsessed.

text: Obsessed.


text: Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned Westmark. During the war, 130,000 young men from Alsace and Lorraine were inducted into the German army against their will (malgré-nous) and in some cases, the Waffen SS. Some of the latter were involved in war crimes such as the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre. Most of them perished on the eastern front. The few that could escape fled to Switzerland or joined the resistance. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Germany

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: Although

text: Germany

text: never

text: formally

text: annexed

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: it

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Greater

text: German

text: Reich

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: restructured

text: into

text: Reichsgaue

text: Alsace

text: was

text: merged

text: with

text: Baden

text: and

text: Lorraine

text: with

text: the

text: Saarland

text: to

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: planned

text: Westmark

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: young

text: men

text: from

text: Alsace

text: and

text: Lorraine

text: were

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: German

text: army

text: against

text: their

text: will

text: malgré

text: nous

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: Waffen

text: SS

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: war

text: crimes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Oradour

text: sur

text: Glane

text: massacre

text: Most

text: of

text: them

text: perished

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: front

text: The

text: few

text: that

text: could

text: escape

text: fled

text: to

text: Switzerland

text: or

text: joined

text: the

text: resistance

text: In

text: July

text: malgré

text: nous

text: were

text: released

text: from

text: Soviet

text: captivity

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: Algiers

text: where

text: they

text: joined

text: the

text: Free

text: French

text: Forces

question: What year was Alsace-Lorraine occupied by Germany?

answer: 1940

question: Approximately how many Alsace and Lorraine men were forced into the German army during World War II?

answer: 130,000

question: Which group of people were released by the Russians to Algiers?

answer: malgré-nous

text: malgré-nous


text: Somali art is the artistic culture of the Somali people, both historic and contemporary. These include artistic traditions in pottery, music, architecture, wood carving and other genres. Somali art is characterized by its aniconism, partly as a result of the vestigial influence of the pre-Islamic mythology of the Somalis coupled with their ubiquitous Muslim beliefs. However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia. More typically, intricate patterns and geometric designs, bold colors and monumental architecture were the norm.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: art

text: is

text: the

text: artistic

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: people

text: both

text: historic

text: and

text: contemporary

text: These

text: include

text: artistic

text: traditions

text: in

text: pottery

text: music

text: architecture

text: wood

text: carving

text: and

text: other

text: genres

text: Somali

text: art

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: its

text: aniconism

text: partly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: vestigial

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: pre

text: Islamic

text: mythology

text: of

text: the

text: Somalis

text: coupled

text: with

text: their

text: ubiquitous

text: Muslim

text: beliefs

text: However

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: cases

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: of

text: artistic

text: depictions

text: representing

text: living

text: creatures

text: such

text: as

text: certain

text: ancient

text: rock

text: paintings

text: in

text: northern

text: Somalia

text: the

text: golden

text: birds

text: on

text: the

text: Mogadishan

text: canopies

text: and

text: the

text: plant

text: decorations

text: on

text: religious

text: tombs

text: in

text: southern

text: Somalia

text: More

text: typically

text: intricate

text: patterns

text: and

text: geometric

text: designs

text: bold

text: colors

text: and

text: monumental

text: architecture

text: were

text: the

text: norm

question: What is a notable characteristic of Somali art?

answer: aniconism

text: aniconism

question: Along with wood carving, architecture and pottery, what is a notable Somali artistic tradition?

answer: music

text: music

question: In what geographic region of Somalia are ancient rock paintings located?

answer: northern

text: northern

question: What animals are depicted on the Mogadishan canopies?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: In what area of Somalia can one find the tombs decorated with plants?

answer: southern

text: southern


text: Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Sassou

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: following

text: presidential

text: election

text: in

text: July

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Congolese

text: Observatory

text: of

text: Human

text: Rights

text: a

text: non

text: governmental

text: organization

text: the

text: election

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: very

text: low

text: turnout

text: and

text: fraud

text: and

text: irregularities

question: Who won the presidential election in 2009?

answer: Sassou

text: Sassou

question: Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?

answer: Congolese Observatory of Human Rights

text: Congolese Observatory of Human Rights

question: What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?

answer: very low

text: very low


text: Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of Interstate 10 and the Santa Cruz River. Ten-minute headway passenger service began July 25, 2014. The streetcar utilizes Sun Tran's card payment and transfer system, connecting with the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: 's

text: Sun

text: Tran

text: bus

text: system

text: serves

text: greater

text: Tucson

text: with

text: standard

text: express

text: regional

text: shuttle

text: and

text: on

text: demand

text: shuttle

text: bus

text: service

text: It

text: was

text: awarded

text: Best

text: Transit

text: System

text: in

text: and

text: A

text: streetcar

text: line

text: Sun

text: Link

text: connects

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: campus

text: with

text: Avenue

text: downtown

text: and

text: the

text: Mercado

text: District

text: west

text: of

text: Interstate

text: and

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: Ten

text: minute

text: headway

text: passenger

text: service

text: began

text: July

text: The

text: streetcar

text: utilizes

text: Sun

text: Tran

text: 's

text: card

text: payment

text: and

text: transfer

text: system

text: connecting

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: CatTran

text: shuttles

text: Amtrak

text: and

text: Greyhound

text: intercity

text: bus

text: service

question: How long is the Sun Link?

answer: 3.9-mile

question: What is Tucson's bus system called?

answer: Sun Tran

text: Sun Tran

question: What transit systems does Sun Link connect to?

answer: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service

text: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service

question: When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award?

answer: 1988 and 2005

text: 1988 and 2005

question: What kind of vehicles operate on the Sun Link?

answer: streetcar

text: streetcar


text: Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Important

text: geological

text: concepts

text: were

text: established

text: as

text: naturalists

text: began

text: studying

text: the

text: rock

text: formations

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: now

text: defunct

text: theory

text: of

text: geosynclines

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: folded

text: mountain

text: chains

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: became

text: widely

text: accepted

question: Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps

answer: naturalists

text: naturalists

question: When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?

answer: the 18th century

text: the 18th century

question: What was used in the mid-19th century to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains?

answer: theory of geosynclines

text: theory of geosynclines

question: What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century?

answer: the theory of plate tectonics

text: the theory of plate tectonics


text: After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: due

text: to

text: Ukrainian

text: collaborationism

text: with

text: the

text: Axis

text: powers

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: gain

text: independence

text: Moscow

text: changed

text: its

text: policy

text: towards

text: repression

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: language

question: After what war did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Why did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?

answer: Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers

text: Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers

question: Why did Ukrainians collaborate with the Axis?

answer: to gain independence

text: to gain independence


text: In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexandrian empire did not survive its creator's death intact, the cultural implications of the spread of Hellenism across much of the Middle East and Asia were to prove long lived as Greek became the lingua franca, a position it retained even in Roman times. Many Greeks settled in Hellenistic cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia. Two thousand years later, there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: toppling

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: after

text: his

text: victories

text: at

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: Granicus

text: Issus

text: and

text: Gaugamela

text: and

text: his

text: advance

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: modern

text: day

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: provided

text: an

text: important

text: outlet

text: for

text: Greek

text: culture

text: via

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: colonies

text: and

text: trade

text: routes

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: While

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: empire

text: did

text: not

text: survive

text: its

text: creator

text: 's

text: death

text: intact

text: the

text: cultural

text: implications

text: of

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Hellenism

text: across

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: Asia

text: were

text: to

text: prove

text: long

text: lived

text: as

text: Greek

text: became

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: a

text: position

text: it

text: retained

text: even

text: in

text: Roman

text: times

text: Many

text: Greeks

text: settled

text: in

text: Hellenistic

text: cities

text: like

text: Alexandria

text: Antioch

text: and

text: Seleucia

text: Two

text: thousand

text: years

text: later

text: there

text: are

text: still

text: communities

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: like

text: the

text: Kalash

text: who

text: claim

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: Greek

text: settlers

question: What Macedonian ruler helped to advance Greek beliefs and ways of life ?

answer: Alexander

text: Alexander

question: How was this achievement of advancing culture undertaken ?

answer: provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way

text: provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way

question: What types of cities did the expansion of the great ruler inspire ?

answer: Hellenistic cities

text: Hellenistic cities

question: Are any relatives of the first people of  the Grecian world still around ?

answer: there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.

text: there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.

question: Name a city that the Greeks nested in ?

answer: cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia.

text: cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia.


text: The value of the Bell patent was acknowledged throughout the world, and patent applications were made in most major countries, but when Bell had delayed the German patent application, the electrical firm of Siemens & Halske (S&H) managed to set up a rival manufacturer of Bell telephones under their own patent. The Siemens company produced near-identical copies of the Bell telephone without having to pay royalties. The establishment of the International Bell Telephone Company in Brussels, Belgium in 1880, as well as a series of agreements in other countries eventually consolidated a global telephone operation. The strain put on Bell by his constant appearances in court, necessitated by the legal battles, eventually resulted in his resignation from the company.[N 19]

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: The

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: Bell

text: patent

text: was

text: acknowledged

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: patent

text: applications

text: were

text: made

text: in

text: most

text: major

text: countries

text: but

text: when

text: Bell

text: had

text: delayed

text: the

text: German

text: patent

text: application

text: the

text: electrical

text: firm

text: of

text: Siemens

text: Halske

text: S&H

text: managed

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: rival

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: Bell

text: telephones

text: under

text: their

text: own

text: patent

text: The

text: Siemens

text: company

text: produced

text: near

text: identical

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: Bell

text: telephone

text: without

text: having

text: to

text: pay

text: royalties

text: The

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Company

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: in

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: agreements

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: eventually

text: consolidated

text: a

text: global

text: telephone

text: operation

text: The

text: strain

text: put

text: on

text: Bell

text: by

text: his

text: constant

text: appearances

text: in

text: court

text: necessitated

text: by

text: the

text: legal

text: battles

text: eventually

text: resulted

text: in

text: his

text: resignation

text: from

text: the

text: company.[N

question: Because of their patent, what didn't Siemens & Halske have to give Bell?

answer: royalties

text: royalties

question: What was the home city for the International Bell Telephone Company?

answer: Brussels

text: Brussels

question: In what year was the International Bell Telephone Company founded?

answer: 1880


text: Within the Army, British officers who initially trained at the company's own academy at the Addiscombe Military Seminary, always outranked Indians, no matter how long their service. The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Rissaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior subaltern equivalent. Promotion for both British and Indian soldiers was strictly by seniority, so Indian soldiers rarely reached the commissioned ranks of Jamadar or Subadar before they were middle aged at best. They received no training in administration or leadership to make them independent of their British officers.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: Within

text: the

text: Army

text: British

text: officers

text: who

text: initially

text: trained

text: at

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: own

text: academy

text: at

text: the

text: Addiscombe

text: Military

text: Seminary

text: always

text: outranked

text: Indians

text: no

text: matter

text: how

text: long

text: their

text: service

text: The

text: highest

text: rank

text: to

text: which

text: an

text: Indian

text: soldier

text: could

text: aspire

text: was

text: Subadar

text: Major

text: or

text: Rissaldar

text: Major

text: in

text: cavalry

text: units

text: effectively

text: a

text: senior

text: subaltern

text: equivalent

text: Promotion

text: for

text: both

text: British

text: and

text: Indian

text: soldiers

text: was

text: strictly

text: by

text: seniority

text: so

text: Indian

text: soldiers

text: rarely

text: reached

text: the

text: commissioned

text: ranks

text: of

text: Jamadar

text: or

text: Subadar

text: before

text: they

text: were

text: middle

text: aged

text: at

text: best

text: They

text: received

text: no

text: training

text: in

text: administration

text: or

text: leadership

text: to

text: make

text: them

text: independent

text: of

text: their

text: British

text: officers

question: What was the name of EIC military company?

answer: Addiscombe Military Seminary

text: Addiscombe Military Seminary

question: what was the  highest rank an Indian could be in the EIC army

answer: Subadar-Major

text: Subadar-Major

question: While in EIC army  the British officer outrank the indian officer they  both promoted based on?

answer: seniority

text: seniority


text: In 2000, out of 45,693 households, 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.5% were nonfamilies. 35.5% of households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90. The age distribution was 16.8% under 18, 26.8% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% were 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 97.7 males; while for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: In

text: out

text: of

text: households

text: had

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: living

text: with

text: them

text: were

text: married

text: couples

text: living

text: together

text: had

text: a

text: female

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: husband

text: present

text: and

text: were

text: nonfamilies

text: of

text: households

text: were

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: had

text: someone

text: living

text: alone

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: average

text: household

text: size

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: family

text: size

text: was

text: The

text: age

text: distribution

text: was

text: under

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: were

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: median

text: age

text: was

text: years

text: For

text: every

text: females

text: there

text: were

text: males

text: while

text: for

text: every

text: females

text: age

text: and

text: over

text: there

text: were

text: males

question: What is the average household size in the city of Ann Arbor?

answer: 2.22

question: What is the average family size in the city of Ann Arbor?

answer: 2.90

question: What is the median age for the city of Ann Arbor?

answer: 28


text: A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: A

text: new

text: index

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: December

text: This

text: so

text: called

text: statistical

text: update

text: covered

text: the

text: period

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: was

text: published

text: without

text: an

text: accompanying

text: Human

text: Development

text: Report

text: The

text: update

text: is

text: relevant

text: due

text: to

text: newly

text: released

text: estimates

text: of

text: purchasing

text: power

text: parities

text: PPP

text: implying

text: substantial

text: adjustments

text: for

text: many

text: countries

text: resulting

text: in

text: changes

text: in

text: HDI

text: values

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: HDI

text: ranks

question: What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?

answer: statistical update

text: statistical update

question: What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?

answer: an accompanying Human Development Report

text: an accompanying Human Development Report

question: What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?

answer: up to 2006

text: up to 2006


text: The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to form a unit called a nucleosome. DNA packaged and condensed in this way is called chromatin.:4.2 The manner in which DNA is stored on the histones, as well as chemical modifications of the histone itself, regulate whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression. In addition to genes, eukaryotic chromosomes contain sequences involved in ensuring that the DNA is copied without degradation of end regions and sorted into daughter cells during cell division: replication origins, telomeres and the centromere.:4.2 Replication origins are the sequence regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome. Telomeres are long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes and prevent degradation of coding and regulatory regions during DNA replication. The length of the telomeres decreases each time the genome is replicated and has been implicated in the aging process. The centromere is required for binding spindle fibres to separate sister chromatids into daughter cells during cell division.:18.2

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: eukaryotic

text: genes

text: are

text: stored

text: on

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: large

text: linear

text: chromosomes

text: The

text: chromosomes

text: are

text: packed

text: within

text: the

text: nucleus

text: in

text: complex

text: with

text: storage

text: proteins

text: called

text: histones

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: unit

text: called

text: a

text: nucleosome

text: DNA

text: packaged

text: and

text: condensed

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: is

text: called

text: The

text: manner

text: in

text: which

text: DNA

text: is

text: stored

text: on

text: the

text: histones

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: chemical

text: modifications

text: of

text: the

text: histone

text: itself

text: regulate

text: whether

text: a

text: particular

text: region

text: of

text: DNA

text: is

text: accessible

text: for

text: gene

text: expression

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: genes

text: eukaryotic

text: chromosomes

text: contain

text: sequences

text: involved

text: in

text: ensuring

text: that

text: the

text: DNA

text: is

text: copied

text: without

text: degradation

text: of

text: end

text: regions

text: and

text: sorted

text: into

text: daughter

text: cells

text: during

text: cell

text: division

text: replication

text: origins

text: telomeres

text: and

text: the

text: Replication

text: origins

text: are

text: the

text: sequence

text: regions

text: where

text: DNA

text: replication

text: is

text: initiated

text: to

text: make

text: two

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: chromosome

text: Telomeres

text: are

text: long

text: stretches

text: of

text: repetitive

text: sequence

text: that

text: cap

text: the

text: ends

text: of

text: the

text: linear

text: chromosomes

text: and

text: prevent

text: degradation

text: of

text: coding

text: and

text: regulatory

text: regions

text: during

text: DNA

text: replication

text: The

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: telomeres

text: decreases

text: each

text: time

text: the

text: genome

text: is

text: replicated

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: aging

text: process

text: The

text: centromere

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: binding

text: spindle

text: fibres

text: to

text: separate

text: sister

text: chromatids

text: into

text: daughter

text: cells

text: during

text: cell

question: Where are the majority of eukaryotic genes stored?

answer: on a set of large, linear chromosomes

text: on a set of large, linear chromosomes

question: Chromosomes that are packed within the nucleus in complex with histones are called what?

answer: a nucleosome

text: a nucleosome

question: What does the manner of DNA storage on the histone and the chemical modifications of the histone itself regulate?

answer: whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression

text: whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression

question: What are replication origins?

answer: regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome

text: regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome

question: Long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes are called what?

answer: Telomeres

text: Telomeres


text: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: Two

text: major

text: types

text: of

text: atomic

text: bombs

text: were

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: a

text: uranium

text: based

text: device

text: codenamed

text: Little

text: Boy

text: whose

text: fissile

text: material

text: was

text: highly

text: enriched

text: uranium

text: and

text: a

text: plutonium

text: based

text: device

text: see

text: Trinity

text: test

text: and

text: Fat

text: Man

text: whose

text: plutonium

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: The

text: uranium

text: based

text: Little

text: Boy

text: device

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: used

text: in

text: war

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: detonated

text: over

text: the

text: Japanese

text: city

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: on

text: August

text: Exploding

text: with

text: a

text: yield

text: equivalent

text: to

text: tonnes

text: of

text: TNT

text: the

text: blast

text: and

text: thermal

text: wave

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: destroyed

text: nearly

text: buildings

text: and

text: killed

text: approximately

text: people

text: see

text: Atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: Initially

text: it

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: uranium

text: was

text: relatively

text: rare

text: and

text: that

text: nuclear

text: proliferation

text: could

text: be

text: avoided

text: by

text: simply

text: buying

text: up

text: all

text: known

text: uranium

text: stocks

text: but

text: within

text: a

text: decade

text: large

text: deposits

text: of

text: it

text: were

text: discovered

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War II called?

answer: Little Boy

text: Little Boy

question: What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?

answer: Fat Man

text: Fat Man

question: On what date was Little Boy detonated?

answer: 6 August 1945

text: 6 August 1945

question: What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes?

answer: 12,500

question: Over what city was Little Boy detonated?

answer: Hiroshima

text: Hiroshima


text: In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: In

text: June

text: Universal

text: Partnerships

text: took

text: over

text: licensing

text: consumer

text: products

text: for

text: NBC

text: and

text: Sprout

text: with

text: expectation

text: that

text: all

text: licensing

text: would

text: eventually

text: be

text: centralized

text: within

text: NBCUniversal

text: In

text: May

text: Gramercy

text: Pictures

text: was

text: revived

text: by

text: Focus

text: Features

text: as

text: a

text: genre

text: label

text: that

text: concentrated

text: on

text: action

text: sci

text: fi

text: and

text: horror

text: films

question: What film studio was brought back in May 2015?

answer: Gramercy Pictures

text: Gramercy Pictures

question: What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures?

answer: Focus Features

text: Focus Features

question: What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating?

answer: action, sci-fi, and horror

text: action, sci-fi, and horror


text: Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that decompress to an exact digital duplicate of the original audio stream, unlike playback from lossy compression techniques such as Vorbis and MP3. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression. Lossless compression is unable to attain high compression ratios due to the complexity of waveforms and the rapid changes in sound forms. Codecs like FLAC, Shorten and TTA use linear prediction to estimate the spectrum of the signal. Many of these algorithms use convolution with the filter [-1 1] to slightly whiten or flatten the spectrum, thereby allowing traditional lossless compression to work more efficiently. The process is reversed upon decompression.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Lossless

text: audio

text: compression

text: produces

text: a

text: representation

text: of

text: digital

text: data

text: that

text: decompress

text: to

text: an

text: exact

text: digital

text: duplicate

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: audio

text: stream

text: unlike

text: playback

text: from

text: lossy

text: compression

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: Vorbis

text: and

text: Compression

text: ratios

text: are

text: around

text: of

text: original

text: size

text: which

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: for

text: generic

text: lossless

text: data

text: compression

text: Lossless

text: compression

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: attain

text: high

text: compression

text: ratios

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: waveforms

text: and

text: the

text: rapid

text: changes

text: in

text: sound

text: forms

text: Codecs

text: like

text: FLAC

text: Shorten

text: and

text: TTA

text: use

text: linear

text: prediction

text: to

text: estimate

text: the

text: spectrum

text: of

text: the

text: signal

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: algorithms

text: use

text: convolution

text: with

text: the

text: filter

text: to

text: slightly

text: whiten

text: or

text: flatten

text: the

text: spectrum

text: thereby

text: allowing

text: traditional

text: lossless

text: compression

text: to

text: work

text: more

text: efficiently

text: The

text: process

text: is

text: reversed

text: upon

text: decompression

question: What produces a representation of digital data that decompresses?

answer: Lossless audio compression

text: Lossless audio compression

question: What compression cannot attain high compression ratios?

answer: Lossless

text: Lossless

question: What are around 50-60% of the original size?

answer: Compression ratios

text: Compression ratios


text: The North American mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" (also "spring ahead ...", "spring up ...", and "... fall behind") helps people remember which direction to shift clocks.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: mnemonic

text: spring

text: forward

text: fall

text: back

text: also

text: spring

text: ahead

text: spring

text: up

text: and

text: fall

text: behind

text: helps

text: people

text: remember

text: which

text: direction

text: to

text: shift

text: clocks

question: What phrase is often used in North America when speaking about DST?

answer: spring forward, fall back

text: spring forward, fall back

question: What is a language like "spring forward, fall back" that acts as a trigger for memory called?

answer: mnemonic

text: mnemonic

question: What does "spring forward, fall back" help people remember?

answer: which direction to shift clocks

text: which direction to shift clocks


text: Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: Confederate

text: troops

text: from

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: served

text: in

text: virtually

text: all

text: the

text: major

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: Northern

text: Virginia

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: 's

text: most

text: famous

text: army

text: The

text: largest

text: battle

text: fought

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: was

text: at

text: Bentonville

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: futile

text: attempt

text: by

text: Confederate

text: General

text: Joseph

text: Johnston

text: to

text: slow

text: Union

text: General

text: William

text: Tecumseh

text: Sherman

text: 's

text: advance

text: through

text: the

text: Carolinas

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: In

text: April

text: after

text: losing

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Morrisville

text: Johnston

text: surrendered

text: to

text: Sherman

text: at

text: Bennett

text: Place

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: today

text: Durham

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Wilmington

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: Confederate

text: port

text: to

text: fall

text: to

text: the

text: Union

text: in

text: February

text: after

text: the

text: Union

text: won

text: the

text: nearby

text: Second

text: Battle

text: of

text: Fort

text: Fisher

text: its

text: major

text: defense

text: downriver

question: What was the name of the Confederacys most famous army?

answer: Army of Northern Virginia

text: Army of Northern Virginia

question: How many battles of the army of Northern Virginia did confederate troops from north Carolina fight in?

answer: virtually all

text: virtually all

question: What was the name of the largest battle fought in North Carolina?

answer: Bentonville

text: Bentonville

question: What was the name of the confederate general that fought in Bentonville?

answer: General Joseph Johnston

text: General Joseph Johnston

question: What was the name of the Union General that fought in Bentonville?

answer: General William Tecumseh Sherman

text: General William Tecumseh Sherman


text: Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II, due partially to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994 the Internet retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Logging

text: was

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: first

text: major

text: industry

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: commercial

text: and

text: shipbuilding

text: center

text: as

text: a

text: gateway

text: to

text: Alaska

text: during

text: the

text: Klondike

text: Gold

text: Rush

text: By

text: Seattle

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: However

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: severely

text: damaged

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: economy

text: Growth

text: returned

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: due

text: partially

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: Boeing

text: company

text: which

text: established

text: Seattle

text: as

text: a

text: center

text: for

text: aircraft

text: manufacturing

text: The

text: Seattle

text: area

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: technology

text: center

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: companies

text: like

text: Microsoft

text: becoming

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: the

text: Internet

text: retail

text: giant

text: Amazon

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Seattle

text: The

text: stream

text: of

text: new

text: software

text: biotechnology

text: and

text: Internet

text: companies

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: economic

text: revival

text: which

text: increased

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: by

text: almost

text: between

text: and

question: To what golden event was Seattle the portal?

answer: Klondike Gold Rush

text: Klondike Gold Rush

question: Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle?

answer: Microsoft

text: Microsoft

question: In what area was the Klondike Gold Rush located?

answer: Alaska

text: Alaska

question: What was Seattle's first primary money maker?

answer: Logging

text: Logging

question: What was the airplane company that helped Seattle return to economic stability?

answer: Boeing

text: Boeing


text: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: The

text: event

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: and

text: the

text: politics

text: that

text: ensued

text: has

text: been

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: German

text: identity

text: that

text: arose

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: German

text: language

text: and

text: literature

text: Early

text: German

text: national

text: culture

text: was

text: developed

text: through

text: literary

text: and

text: religious

text: figures

text: including

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: Johann

text: Wolfgang

text: von

text: Goethe

text: and

text: Friedrich

text: Schiller

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: German

text: nation

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: German

text: philosopher

text: Johann

text: Gottfried

text: Herder

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: German

text: identity

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

question: What is credited with the origins of the German identity?

answer: Protestant Reformation

text: Protestant Reformation

question: How was early German culture developed?

answer: literary and religious figures

text: literary and religious figures

question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?

answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

text: Johann Gottfried Herder

question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?

answer: aftermath of the French Revolution

text: aftermath of the French Revolution

question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?

answer: Protestant Reformation

text: Protestant Reformation

question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?

answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

text: Johann Gottfried Herder

question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?

answer: in the aftermath of the French Revolution

text: in the aftermath of the French Revolution

question: Who was Johann Herder?

answer: German philosopher

text: German philosopher


text: In temperate softwoods there often is a marked difference between latewood and earlywood. The latewood will be denser than that formed early in the season. When examined under a microscope the cells of dense latewood are seen to be very thick-walled and with very small cell cavities, while those formed first in the season have thin walls and large cell cavities. The strength is in the walls, not the cavities. Hence the greater the proportion of latewood the greater the density and strength. In choosing a piece of pine where strength or stiffness is the important consideration, the principal thing to observe is the comparative amounts of earlywood and latewood. The width of ring is not nearly so important as the proportion and nature of the latewood in the ring.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: temperate

text: softwoods

text: there

text: often

text: is

text: a

text: marked

text: difference

text: between

text: latewood

text: and

text: earlywood

text: The

text: latewood

text: will

text: be

text: denser

text: than

text: that

text: formed

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: When

text: examined

text: under

text: a

text: microscope

text: the

text: cells

text: of

text: dense

text: latewood

text: are

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: thick

text: walled

text: and

text: with

text: very

text: small

text: cell

text: cavities

text: while

text: those

text: formed

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: have

text: thin

text: walls

text: and

text: large

text: cell

text: cavities

text: The

text: strength

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: walls

text: not

text: the

text: cavities

text: Hence

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: latewood

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: density

text: and

text: strength

text: In

text: choosing

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: pine

text: where

text: strength

text: or

text: stiffness

text: is

text: the

text: important

text: consideration

text: the

text: principal

text: thing

text: to

text: observe

text: is

text: the

text: comparative

text: amounts

text: of

text: earlywood

text: and

text: latewood

text: The

text: width

text: of

text: ring

text: is

text: not

text: nearly

text: so

text: important

text: as

text: the

text: proportion

text: and

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: latewood

text: in

text: the

text: ring

question: What kind of softwoods often have significant differences in their earlywood and latewood?

answer: temperate

text: temperate

question: Is latewood denser or less dense than earlywood?

answer: denser

text: denser

question: Does strength come from the walls or cavities of wood cells?

answer: walls

text: walls

question: Are the cell walls of earlywood thick or thin?

answer: thin

text: thin

question: What general size are the cavities in the cells of very dense latewood?

answer: very small

text: very small


text: Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total employment. This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. As the economic situation stabilized and growth resumed, the share of agriculture in GDP dropped to slightly over 20% (2006 data), although the share of agriculture in employment remained more than 40%.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Agriculture

text: accounted

text: for

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: both

text: net

text: material

text: product

text: and

text: total

text: employment

text: before

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: After

text: independence

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: agriculture

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: increased

text: markedly

text: its

text: share

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: GDP

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: total

text: employment

text: This

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: agriculture

text: was

text: attributable

text: to

text: food

text: security

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: uncertainty

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: phases

text: of

text: transition

text: and

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: agricultural

text: sectors

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: As

text: the

text: economic

text: situation

text: stabilized

text: and

text: growth

text: resumed

text: the

text: share

text: of

text: agriculture

text: in

text: GDP

text: dropped

text: to

text: slightly

text: over

text: data

text: although

text: the

text: share

text: of

text: agriculture

text: in

text: employment

text: remained

text: more

text: than

question: Was agriculture more important before or after Armenia left the Soviet Union?

answer: After

text: After

question: Why did agriculture become so significant for Armenia's economy?

answer: food security needs

text: food security needs

question: How much of total employment did agriculture account for at the end of the 1990s?

answer: 40%

question: How much of the GDP has agriculture accounted for most recently?

answer: 20%


text: Hegel certainly intends to preserve what he takes to be true of German idealism, in particular Kant's insistence that ethical reason can and does go beyond finite inclinations. For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all. Under Hegel's concept of "subject-object identity," subject and object both have Spirit (Hegel's ersatz, redefined, nonsupernatural "God") as their conceptual (not metaphysical) inner reality—and in that sense are identical. But until Spirit's "self-realization" occurs and Spirit graduates from Spirit to Absolute Spirit status, subject (a human mind) mistakenly thinks every "object" it observes is something "alien," meaning something separate or apart from "subject." In Hegel's words, "The object is revealed to it [to "subject"] by [as] something alien, and it does not recognize itself." Self-realization occurs when Hegel (part of Spirit's nonsupernatural Mind, which is the collective mind of all humans) arrives on the scene and realizes that every "object" is himself, because both subject and object are essentially Spirit. When self-realization occurs and Spirit becomes Absolute Spirit, the "finite" (man, human) becomes the "infinite" ("God," divine), replacing the imaginary or "picture-thinking" supernatural God of theism: man becomes God. Tucker puts it this way: "Hegelianism . . . is a religion of self-worship whose fundamental theme is given in Hegel's image of the man who aspires to be God himself, who demands 'something more, namely infinity.'" The picture Hegel presents is "a picture of a self-glorifying humanity striving compulsively, and at the end successfully, to rise to divinity."

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Hegel

text: certainly

text: intends

text: to

text: preserve

text: what

text: he

text: takes

text: to

text: be

text: true

text: of

text: German

text: idealism

text: in

text: particular

text: Kant

text: 's

text: insistence

text: that

text: ethical

text: reason

text: can

text: and

text: does

text: go

text: beyond

text: finite

text: inclinations

text: For

text: Hegel

text: there

text: must

text: be

text: some

text: identity

text: of

text: thought

text: and

text: being

text: for

text: the

text: subject

text: any

text: human

text: observer

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: know

text: any

text: observed

text: object

text: any

text: external

text: entity

text: possibly

text: even

text: another

text: human

text: at

text: all

text: Under

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: subject

text: object

text: identity

text: subject

text: and

text: object

text: both

text: have

text: Spirit

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: ersatz

text: redefined

text: nonsupernatural

text: God

text: as

text: their

text: conceptual

text: not

text: metaphysical

text: inner

text: reality

text: and

text: in

text: that

text: sense

text: are

text: identical

text: But

text: until

text: Spirit

text: 's

text: self

text: realization

text: occurs

text: and

text: Spirit

text: graduates

text: from

text: Spirit

text: to

text: Absolute

text: Spirit

text: status

text: subject

text: a

text: human

text: mind

text: mistakenly

text: thinks

text: every

text: object

text: it

text: observes

text: is

text: something

text: alien

text: meaning

text: something

text: separate

text: or

text: apart

text: from

text: subject

text: In

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: words

text: The

text: object

text: is

text: revealed

text: to

text: it

text: to

text: subject

text: by

text: as

text: something

text: alien

text: and

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: recognize

text: itself

text: Self

text: realization

text: occurs

text: when

text: Hegel

text: part

text: of

text: Spirit

text: 's

text: nonsupernatural

text: Mind

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: collective

text: mind

text: of

text: all

text: humans

text: arrives

text: on

text: the

text: scene

text: and

text: realizes

text: that

text: every

text: object

text: is

text: himself

text: because

text: both

text: subject

text: and

text: object

text: are

text: essentially

text: Spirit

text: When

text: self

text: realization

text: occurs

text: and

text: Spirit

text: becomes

text: Absolute

text: Spirit

text: the

text: finite

text: man

text: human

text: becomes

text: the

text: infinite

text: God

text: divine

text: replacing

text: the

text: imaginary

text: or

text: picture

text: thinking

text: supernatural

text: God

text: of

text: theism

text: man

text: becomes

text: God

text: Tucker

text: puts

text: it

text: this

text: way

text: Hegelianism

text: is

text: a

text: religion

text: of

text: self

text: worship

text: whose

text: fundamental

text: theme

text: is

text: given

text: in

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: image

text: of

text: the

text: man

text: who

text: aspires

text: to

text: be

text: God

text: himself

text: who

text: demands

text: something

text: more

text: namely

text: infinity

text: The

text: picture

text: Hegel

text: presents

text: is

text: a

text: picture

text: of

text: a

text: self

text: glorifying

text: humanity

text: striving

text: compulsively

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: successfully

text: to

text: rise

text: to

text: divinity

question: In Hegel's thought, what inner reality is possessed by both subject and object?

answer: Spirit

text: Spirit

question: What is another term for Hegel's "subject"?

answer: any human observer

text: any human observer

question: What does Spirit turn into when a person arrives at self-realization?

answer: Absolute Spirit

text: Absolute Spirit

question: What does Hegel mean by "object"?

answer: any external entity

text: any external entity

question: Who did Tucker argue that Hegel's philosophy involved the worship of?

answer: self

text: self