text: Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: Other

text: trees

text: of

text: note

text: include

text: the

text: royal

text: palm

text: sea

text: grape

text: trees

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: shrubs

text: on

text: the

text: beaches

text: and

text: as

text: to

text: m

text: trees

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: aloe

text: or

text: aloe

text: vera

text: brought

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: the

text: night

text: blooming

text: cereus

text: mamillaria

text: nivosa

text: yellow

text: prickly

text: pear

text: or

text: barbary

text: fig

text: which

text: was

text: planted

text: as

text: barbed

text: wire

text: defences

text: against

text: invading

text: British

text: army

text: in

text: Mexican

text: cactus

text: stapelia

text: gigantea

text: golden

text: trumpet

text: or

text: yellow

text: bell

text: which

text: was

text: originally

text: from

text: South

text: America

text: bougainvillea

text: and

text: others

question: What plant was brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?

answer: aloe or aloe vera

text: aloe or aloe vera

question: What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?

answer: cereus

text: cereus

question: Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?

answer: South America

text: South America

question: When did the british army invade the island?

answer: 1773

question: What type of fig grows on the island?

answer: barbary

text: barbary


text: This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order, but do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: This

text: narrative

text: draws

text: on

text: the

text: Nidānakathā

text: of

text: the

text: Jataka

text: tales

text: of

text: the

text: Theravada

text: which

text: is

text: ascribed

text: to

text: Buddhaghoṣa

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: Earlier

text: biographies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Buddhacarita

text: the

text: Lokottaravādin

text: Mahāvastu

text: and

text: the

text: Sarvāstivādin

text: Lalitavistara

text: Sūtra

text: give

text: different

text: accounts

text: Scholars

text: are

text: hesitant

text: to

text: make

text: unqualified

text: claims

text: about

text: the

text: historical

text: facts

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: life

text: Most

text: accept

text: that

text: he

text: lived

text: taught

text: and

text: founded

text: a

text: monastic

text: order

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: consistently

text: accept

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: details

text: contained

text: in

text: his

text: biographies

question: The Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada is attributed to who?

answer: Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada

text: Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada

question: What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales?

answer: Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra

text: Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra

question: What do scholars recognize about the life of the Buddha?

answer: Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order

text: Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order

question: When was the Buddhagohosa written?

answer: 5th century CE

text: 5th century CE

question: What is one of the earlier biographies on Buddhism?

answer: the Buddhacarita

text: the Buddhacarita

question: Who founded a monastic order in his life?

answer: Buddha

text: Buddha

question: Scholars do not make claims without evidence about who's life?

answer: Buddha

text: Buddha

question: Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?

answer: monastic

text: monastic

question: The Jataka tales of the Theravada happened in what century?

answer: 5th ce

text: 5th ce


text: The tour in March 1987[citation needed] of Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour boosted house in the UK. Following the number-one success of MARRS' "Pump Up The Volume" in October, the years 1987 to 1989 also saw UK acts such as The Beatmasters, Krush, Coldcut, Yazz, Bomb The Bass, S-Express, and Italy's Black Box opening the doors to a house music onslaught on the UK charts. Early British house music quickly set itself apart from the original Chicago house sound;[citation needed] many of the early hits were based on sample montage, rap was often used for vocals (far more than in the US),[citation needed] and humor was frequently an important element.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: The

text: tour

text: in

text: March

text: needed

text: of

text: Knuckles

text: Jefferson

text: Fingers

text: Inc.

text: Heard

text: and

text: Adonis

text: as

text: the

text: DJ

text: International

text: Tour

text: boosted

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Following

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: success

text: of

text: MARRS

text: Pump

text: Up

text: The

text: Volume

text: in

text: October

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: also

text: saw

text: UK

text: acts

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Beatmasters

text: Krush

text: Coldcut

text: Yazz

text: Bomb

text: The

text: Bass

text: S

text: Express

text: and

text: Italy

text: 's

text: Black

text: Box

text: opening

text: the

text: doors

text: to

text: a

text: house

text: music

text: onslaught

text: on

text: the

text: UK

text: charts

text: Early

text: British

text: house

text: music

text: quickly

text: set

text: itself

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: Chicago

text: house

text: sound;[citation

text: needed

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: hits

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: sample

text: montage

text: rap

text: was

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: vocals

text: far

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: US),[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: humor

text: was

text: frequently

text: an

text: important

text: element

question: what tour boosted house in the UK in the late 80s?

answer: Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour

text: Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour

question: when did the DJ International Tour take place?

answer: March 1987

text: March 1987

question: what was the name of MARRS' number-one single in October 1987?

answer: "Pump Up The Volume"

text: "Pump Up The Volume"

question: what was frequently an important element of UK house music?

answer: humor

text: humor

question: Sample montages were a key difference between british house music and what?

answer: the original Chicago house sound

text: the original Chicago house sound


text: The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: comics

text: has

text: followed

text: different

text: paths

text: in

text: different

text: cultures

text: Scholars

text: have

text: posited

text: a

text: pre

text: history

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: Lascaux

text: cave

text: paintings

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: comics

text: flourished

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: western

text: Europe

text: especially

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Japan

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: European

text: comics

text: is

text: often

text: traced

text: to

text: Rodolphe

text: Töpffer

text: 's

text: cartoon

text: strips

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: popular

text: following

text: the

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: of

text: strips

text: and

text: books

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: American

text: comics

text: emerged

text: as

text: a

text: mass

text: medium

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: newspaper

text: comic

text: strips

text: magazine

text: style

text: comic

text: books

text: followed

text: in

text: the

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: superhero

text: genre

text: became

text: prominent

text: after

text: Superman

text: appeared

text: in

text: Histories

text: of

text: Japanese

text: comics

text: and

text: cartooning

text: manga

text: propose

text: origins

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: Modern

text: comic

text: strips

text: emerged

text: in

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: comics

text: magazines

text: and

text: books

text: rapidly

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: era

text: with

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: cartoonists

text: such

text: as

text: Osamu

text: Tezuka

text: Comics

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: lowbrow

text: reputation

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: but

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: began

text: to

text: find

text: greater

text: acceptance

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: in

text: academia

question: When did Rodolphe Töpffer create cartoons?

answer: 1830s

question: Which superhero appeared in comics in 1938?

answer: Superman

text: Superman

question: What is Japanese cartooning known as?

answer: manga

text: manga


text: The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: original

text: services

text: of

text: an

text: inn

text: are

text: now

text: also

text: available

text: at

text: other

text: establishments

text: such

text: as

text: hotels

text: lodges

text: and

text: motels

text: which

text: focus

text: more

text: on

text: lodging

text: customers

text: than

text: on

text: other

text: services

text: although

text: they

text: usually

text: provide

text: meals

text: pubs

text: which

text: are

text: primarily

text: alcohol

text: serving

text: establishments

text: and

text: restaurants

text: and

text: taverns

text: which

text: serve

text: food

text: and

text: drink

text: In

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: lodging

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: inn

text: lives

text: on

text: in

text: hotel

text: brand

text: names

text: like

text: Holiday

text: Inn

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: state

text: laws

text: that

text: refer

text: to

text: lodging

text: operators

text: as

text: innkeepers

question: What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?

answer: lodging

text: lodging

question: What is the main provision that pubs offer?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns?

answer: food and drink

text: food and drink

question: What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America?

answer: Holiday Inn

text: Holiday Inn

question: In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?

answer: innkeepers

text: innkeepers


text: The World Bank collects a range of data on corruption, including survey responses from over 100,000 firms worldwide and a set of indicators of governance and institutional quality. Moreover, one of the six dimensions of governance measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators is Control of Corruption, which is defined as "the extent to which power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as 'capture' of the state by elites and private interests." While the definition itself is fairly precise, the data aggregated into the Worldwide Governance Indicators is based on any available polling: questions range from "is corruption a serious problem?" to measures of public access to information, and not consistent across countries. Despite these weaknesses, the global coverage of these datasets has led to their widespread adoption, most notably by the Millennium Challenge Corporation.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: The

text: World

text: Bank

text: collects

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: data

text: on

text: corruption

text: including

text: survey

text: responses

text: from

text: over

text: firms

text: worldwide

text: and

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: indicators

text: of

text: governance

text: and

text: institutional

text: quality

text: Moreover

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: dimensions

text: of

text: governance

text: measured

text: by

text: the

text: Worldwide

text: Governance

text: Indicators

text: is

text: Control

text: of

text: Corruption

text: which

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: power

text: is

text: exercised

text: for

text: private

text: gain

text: including

text: both

text: petty

text: and

text: grand

text: forms

text: of

text: corruption

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: capture

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: by

text: elites

text: and

text: private

text: interests

text: While

text: the

text: definition

text: itself

text: is

text: fairly

text: precise

text: the

text: data

text: aggregated

text: into

text: the

text: Worldwide

text: Governance

text: Indicators

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: any

text: available

text: polling

text: questions

text: range

text: from

text: is

text: corruption

text: a

text: serious

text: problem

text: to

text: measures

text: of

text: public

text: access

text: to

text: information

text: and

text: not

text: consistent

text: across

text: countries

text: Despite

text: these

text: weaknesses

text: the

text: global

text: coverage

text: of

text: these

text: datasets

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: their

text: widespread

text: adoption

text: most

text: notably

text: by

text: the

text: Millennium

text: Challenge

text: Corporation

question: How many firms throughout the world have been surveyed by the World Bank in regards to its corruption study?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000

question: How many dimensions of governance are measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators?

answer: six

text: six

question: One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what?

answer: Control of Corruption

text: Control of Corruption

question: Which organization is most notable for adopting the global coverage of these studies?

answer: Millennium Challenge Corporation

text: Millennium Challenge Corporation


text: The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: discovery

text: of

text: new

text: maritime

text: trade

text: routes

text: by

text: Western

text: European

text: states

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: trade

text: monopoly

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Cape

text: of

text: Good

text: Hope

text: in

text: initiated

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: Portuguese

text: naval

text: wars

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Somali

text: Muslim

text: Ajuran

text: Empire

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: defied

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: economic

text: monopoly

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: by

text: employing

text: a

text: new

text: coinage

text: which

text: followed

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: pattern

text: thus

text: proclaiming

text: an

text: attitude

text: of

text: economic

text: independence

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: Portuguese

question: Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what?

answer: new maritime trade routes

text: new maritime trade routes

question: What did the Portuguese discover in 1488?

answer: the Cape of Good Hope

text: the Cape of Good Hope

question: Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century?

answer: the Indian Ocean

text: the Indian Ocean

question: Who did the Ottomans ally with in the Indian Ocean?

answer: The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire

text: The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire

question: New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?

answer: the Portuguese

text: the Portuguese


text: Early philosophers were divided as to whether the seat of the soul lies in the brain or heart. Aristotle favored the heart, and thought that the function of the brain was merely to cool the blood. Democritus, the inventor of the atomic theory of matter, argued for a three-part soul, with intellect in the head, emotion in the heart, and lust near the liver. Hippocrates, the "father of medicine", came down unequivocally in favor of the brain. In his treatise on epilepsy he wrote:

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Early

text: philosophers

text: were

text: divided

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: soul

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: or

text: heart

text: Aristotle

text: favored

text: the

text: heart

text: and

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: was

text: merely

text: to

text: cool

text: the

text: blood

text: Democritus

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: atomic

text: theory

text: of

text: matter

text: argued

text: for

text: a

text: three

text: part

text: soul

text: with

text: intellect

text: in

text: the

text: head

text: emotion

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: and

text: lust

text: near

text: the

text: liver

text: Hippocrates

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: medicine

text: came

text: down

text: unequivocally

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: In

text: his

text: treatise

text: on

text: epilepsy

text: he

text: wrote

question: The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body?

answer: brain or heart.

text: brain or heart.

question: Aristotle thought the soul lied in what organ?

answer: the heart

text: the heart

question: Who invented the atomic theory of matter?

answer: Democritus,

text: Democritus,

question: The "father of medicine" is a name given to whom in history?

answer: Hippocrates

text: Hippocrates

question: What philosopher in history argued for a three-part soul?

answer: Democritus

text: Democritus


text: General Bonaparte and his expedition eluded pursuit by the Royal Navy and landed at Alexandria on 1 July. He fought the Battle of Shubra Khit against the Mamluks, Egypt's ruling military caste. This helped the French practice their defensive tactic for the Battle of the Pyramids, fought on 21 July, about 24 km (15 mi) from the pyramids. General Bonaparte's forces of 25,000 roughly equalled those of the Mamluks' Egyptian cavalry. Twenty-nine French and approximately 2,000 Egyptians were killed. The victory boosted the morale of the French army.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: General

text: Bonaparte

text: and

text: his

text: expedition

text: eluded

text: pursuit

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: and

text: landed

text: at

text: Alexandria

text: on

text: July

text: He

text: fought

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Shubra

text: Khit

text: against

text: the

text: Mamluks

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: ruling

text: military

text: caste

text: This

text: helped

text: the

text: French

text: practice

text: their

text: defensive

text: tactic

text: for

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Pyramids

text: fought

text: on

text: July

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: pyramids

text: General

text: Bonaparte

text: 's

text: forces

text: of

text: roughly

text: equalled

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Mamluks

text: Egyptian

text: cavalry

text: Twenty

text: nine

text: French

text: and

text: approximately

text: Egyptians

text: were

text: killed

text: The

text: victory

text: boosted

text: the

text: morale

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: army

question: Before landing at Alexandria, Napoleon succeeded in evading what military entity?

answer: the Royal Navy

text: the Royal Navy

question: On what date did Napoleon land at Alexandria?

answer: 1 July

text: 1 July

question: What battle did Napoleon fight against the Mamluks?

answer: the Battle of Shubra Khit

text: the Battle of Shubra Khit

question: What was the name of Egypt's dominant military class?

answer: the Mamluks

text: the Mamluks

question: Roughly how many Egyptians lost their lives in the Battle of the Pyramids?

answer: 2,000


text: Except for the five species of monotremes (egg-laying mammals), all modern mammals give birth to live young. Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group. The three largest orders in numbers, are first Rodentia: mice, rats, porcupines, beavers, capybaras, and other gnawing mammals; then Chiroptera: bats; and then Soricomorpha: shrews, moles and solenodons. The next three orders, depending on the biological classification scheme used, are the Primates including the humans; the Cetartiodactyla including the whales and the even-toed hoofed mammals; and the Carnivora, that is, cats, dogs, weasels, bears, seals, and their relatives.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Except

text: for

text: the

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: monotremes

text: egg

text: laying

text: mammals

text: all

text: modern

text: mammals

text: give

text: birth

text: to

text: live

text: young

text: Most

text: mammals

text: including

text: the

text: six

text: most

text: species

text: rich

text: orders

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: placental

text: group

text: The

text: three

text: largest

text: orders

text: in

text: numbers

text: are

text: first

text: Rodentia

text: mice

text: rats

text: porcupines

text: beavers

text: capybaras

text: and

text: other

text: gnawing

text: mammals

text: then

text: Chiroptera

text: bats

text: and

text: then

text: Soricomorpha

text: shrews

text: moles

text: and

text: solenodons

text: The

text: next

text: three

text: orders

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: scheme

text: used

text: are

text: the

text: Primates

text: including

text: the

text: humans

text: the

text: Cetartiodactyla

text: including

text: the

text: whales

text: and

text: the

text: even

text: toed

text: hoofed

text: mammals

text: and

text: the

text: Carnivora

text: that

text: is

text: cats

text: dogs

text: weasels

text: bears

text: seals

text: and

text: their

text: relatives

question: How many species of mammals do not have a live birth?

answer: five species

text: five species

question: Which group consist of the most mammals?

answer: Rodentia

text: Rodentia

question: Which group do humans belong too?

answer: Primates

text: Primates

question: Which group do cats and dogs belong too?

answer: Carnivora

text: Carnivora


text: Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madaris are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Madrasa

text: Arabic

text: مدرسة

text: madrasah

text: pl

text: مدارس

text: madāris

text: Turkish

text: Medrese

text: is

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: for

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: educational

text: institution

text: whether

text: secular

text: or

text: religious

text: of

text: any

text: religion

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: variously

text: transliterated

text: madrasah

text: madarasaa

text: medresa

text: madrassa

text: madraza

text: medrese

text: etc

text: In

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: word

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: specific

text: type

text: of

text: religious

text: school

text: or

text: college

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: religion

text: though

text: this

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: the

text: only

text: subject

text: studied

text: Not

text: all

text: students

text: in

text: madaris

text: are

text: Muslims

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: modern

text: curriculum

question: What are the origins of the word madrasa?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer?

answer: any type

text: any type

question: In Western culture, the term madrasa widely refers to the practices of what religion?

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

question: How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim?

answer: Not all

text: Not all


text: In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis caused extensive damage in the densely populated, rice-farming delta of the Irrawaddy Division. It was the worst natural disaster in Burmese history with reports of an estimated 200,000 people dead or missing, and damage totalled to 10 billion US Dollars, and as many as 1 million left homeless. In the critical days following this disaster, Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts. Humanitarian aid was requested but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: May

text: Cyclone

text: Nargis

text: caused

text: extensive

text: damage

text: in

text: the

text: densely

text: populated

text: rice

text: farming

text: delta

text: of

text: the

text: Irrawaddy

text: Division

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: worst

text: natural

text: disaster

text: in

text: Burmese

text: history

text: with

text: reports

text: of

text: an

text: estimated

text: people

text: dead

text: or

text: missing

text: and

text: damage

text: totalled

text: to

text: billion

text: US

text: Dollars

text: and

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: million

text: left

text: homeless

text: In

text: the

text: critical

text: days

text: following

text: this

text: disaster

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: isolationist

text: government

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: hindering

text: United

text: Nations

text: recovery

text: efforts

text: Humanitarian

text: aid

text: was

text: requested

text: but

text: concerns

text: about

text: foreign

text: military

text: or

text: intelligence

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: delayed

text: the

text: entry

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: military

text: planes

text: delivering

text: medicine

text: food

text: and

text: other

text: supplies

question: What natural disaster caused detrimental effects to the Irrawaddy section of Burma in May of 2008 ?

answer: Cyclone Nargis

text: Cyclone Nargis

question: What is the main crop of the delta of the Irrawaddy section of Burma?

answer: rice

text: rice

question: How many people were reported missing or deceased due to the natural disaster of 2007 ?

answer: estimated 200,000 people dead or missing

text: estimated 200,000 people dead or missing

question: How much was the financial cost of the damages of the 2007 natural disaster in Burma ?

answer: 10 billion US Dollars

text: 10 billion US Dollars

question: Did the government of Myanmar welcome the international efforts of assistance?

answer: Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts

text: Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts


text: Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise "irreverent" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had "started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice." Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as "an almost sacred feminist icon."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: use

text: of

text: sexual

text: imagery

text: has

text: benefited

text: her

text: career

text: and

text: catalyzed

text: public

text: discourse

text: on

text: sexuality

text: and

text: feminism

text: As

text: Roger

text: Chapman

text: documents

text: in

text: Culture

text: Wars

text: An

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Issues

text: Viewpoints

text: and

text: Voices

text: Volume

text: she

text: has

text: drawn

text: frequent

text: condemnation

text: from

text: religious

text: organizations

text: social

text: conservatives

text: and

text: parental

text: watchdog

text: groups

text: for

text: her

text: use

text: of

text: explicit

text: sexual

text: imagery

text: and

text: lyrics

text: religious

text: symbolism

text: and

text: otherwise

text: irreverent

text: behavior

text: in

text: her

text: live

text: performances

text: The

text: Times

text: wrote

text: that

text: she

text: had

text: started

text: a

text: revolution

text: amongst

text: women

text: in

text: music

text: Her

text: attitudes

text: and

text: opinions

text: on

text: sex

text: nudity

text: style

text: and

text: sexuality

text: forced

text: the

text: public

text: to

text: sit

text: up

text: and

text: take

text: notice

text: Professor

text: John

text: Fiske

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: empowerment

text: that

text: Madonna

text: offers

text: is

text: inextricably

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: pleasure

text: of

text: exerting

text: some

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: meanings

text: of

text: self

text: of

text: sexuality

text: and

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: social

text: relations

text: In

text: Doing

text: Gender

text: in

text: Media

text: Art

text: and

text: Culture

text: the

text: authors

text: noted

text: that

text: Madonna

text: as

text: a

text: female

text: celebrity

text: performer

text: and

text: pop

text: icon

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: unsettle

text: standing

text: feminist

text: reflections

text: and

text: debates

text: According

text: to

text: lesbian

text: feminist

text: Sheila

text: Jeffreys

text: Madonna

text: represents

text: woman

text: 's

text: occupancy

text: of

text: what

text: Monique

text: Wittig

text: calls

text: the

text: category

text: of

text: sex

text: as

text: powerful

text: and

text: appears

text: to

text: gleefully

text: embrace

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: sexual

text: corvée

text: allotted

text: to

text: women

text: Professor

text: Sut

text: Jhally

text: has

text: referred

text: to

text: Madonna

text: as

text: an

text: almost

text: sacred

text: feminist

text: icon

question: Madonna used what to benefit her career?

answer: sexual imagery

text: sexual imagery

question: Who started a revolution in music with women?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: Who wrote that Madonna is an almost scared feminist icon?

answer: Professor Sut Jhally

text: Professor Sut Jhally

question: Who is regarded as a feminist during her time?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna


text: As cellular metabolism/energy production requires oxygen, potentially damaging (e.g., mutation causing) compounds known as free radicals can form. Most of these are oxidizers (i.e., acceptors of electrons) and some react very strongly. For the continued normal cellular maintenance, growth, and division, these free radicals must be sufficiently neutralized by antioxidant compounds. Recently, some researchers suggested an interesting theory of evolution of dietary antioxidants. Some are produced by the human body with adequate precursors (glutathione, Vitamin C), and those the body cannot produce may only be obtained in the diet via direct sources (Vitamin C in humans, Vitamin A, Vitamin K) or produced by the body from other compounds (Beta-carotene converted to Vitamin A by the body, Vitamin D synthesized from cholesterol by sunlight). Phytochemicals (Section Below) and their subgroup, polyphenols, make up the majority of antioxidants; about 4,000 are known. Different antioxidants are now known to function in a cooperative network. For example, Vitamin C can reactivate free radical-containing glutathione or Vitamin E by accepting the free radical itself. Some antioxidants are more effective than others at neutralizing different free radicals. Some cannot neutralize certain free radicals. Some cannot be present in certain areas of free radical development (Vitamin A is fat-soluble and protects fat areas, Vitamin C is water-soluble and protects those areas). When interacting with a free radical, some antioxidants produce a different free radical compound that is less dangerous or more dangerous than the previous compound. Having a variety of antioxidants allows any byproducts to be safely dealt with by more efficient antioxidants in neutralizing a free radical's butterfly effect.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: As

text: cellular

text: metabolism

text: energy

text: production

text: requires

text: oxygen

text: potentially

text: damaging

text: e.g.

text: mutation

text: causing

text: compounds

text: known

text: as

text: free

text: radicals

text: can

text: form

text: Most

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: oxidizers

text: i.e.

text: acceptors

text: of

text: electrons

text: and

text: some

text: react

text: very

text: strongly

text: For

text: the

text: continued

text: normal

text: cellular

text: maintenance

text: growth

text: and

text: division

text: these

text: free

text: radicals

text: must

text: be

text: sufficiently

text: neutralized

text: by

text: antioxidant

text: compounds

text: Recently

text: some

text: researchers

text: suggested

text: an

text: interesting

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: of

text: dietary

text: antioxidants

text: Some

text: are

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: with

text: adequate

text: precursors

text: glutathione

text: Vitamin

text: C

text: and

text: those

text: the

text: body

text: can

text: not

text: produce

text: may

text: only

text: be

text: obtained

text: in

text: the

text: diet

text: via

text: direct

text: sources

text: Vitamin

text: C

text: in

text: humans

text: Vitamin

text: A

text: Vitamin

text: K

text: or

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: body

text: from

text: other

text: compounds

text: Beta

text: carotene

text: converted

text: to

text: Vitamin

text: A

text: by

text: the

text: body

text: Vitamin

text: D

text: synthesized

text: from

text: cholesterol

text: by

text: sunlight

text: Phytochemicals

text: Section

text: Below

text: and

text: their

text: subgroup

text: polyphenols

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: antioxidants

text: about

text: are

text: known

text: Different

text: antioxidants

text: are

text: now

text: known

text: to

text: function

text: in

text: a

text: cooperative

text: network

text: For

text: example

text: Vitamin

text: C

text: can

text: reactivate

text: free

text: radical

text: containing

text: glutathione

text: or

text: Vitamin

text: E

text: by

text: accepting

text: the

text: free

text: radical

text: itself

text: Some

text: antioxidants

text: are

text: more

text: effective

text: than

text: others

text: at

text: neutralizing

text: different

text: free

text: radicals

text: Some

text: can

text: not

text: neutralize

text: certain

text: free

text: radicals

text: Some

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: present

text: in

text: certain

text: areas

text: of

text: free

text: radical

text: development

text: Vitamin

text: A

text: is

text: fat

text: soluble

text: and

text: protects

text: fat

text: areas

text: Vitamin

text: C

text: is

text: water

text: soluble

text: and

text: protects

text: those

text: areas

text: When

text: interacting

text: with

text: a

text: free

text: radical

text: some

text: antioxidants

text: produce

text: a

text: different

text: free

text: radical

text: compound

text: that

text: is

text: less

text: dangerous

text: or

text: more

text: dangerous

text: than

text: the

text: previous

text: compound

text: Having

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: antioxidants

text: allows

text: any

text: byproducts

text: to

text: be

text: safely

text: dealt

text: with

text: by

text: more

text: efficient

text: antioxidants

text: in

text: neutralizing

text: a

text: free

text: radical

text: 's

text: butterfly

text: effect

question: What is another term that can be used to describe "potentially damaging" compounds?

answer: mutation causing

text: mutation causing

question: What are oxidizers?

answer: acceptors of electrons

text: acceptors of electrons

question: In order for the body to function normally, what must be used to neutralize free radicals?

answer: antioxidant compounds

text: antioxidant compounds

question: What subgroup of phytochemicals helps make up the majority of the body's antioxidants?

answer: polyphenols

text: polyphenols

question: Which area of the body does vitamin A protect?

answer: fat areas

text: fat areas


text: Many native speakers of Dutch, both in Belgium and the Netherlands, assume that Afrikaans and West Frisian are dialects of Dutch but are considered separate and distinct from Dutch: a daughter language and a sister language, respectively. Afrikaans evolved mainly from 17th century Dutch dialects, but had influences from various other languages in South Africa. However, it is still largely mutually intelligible with Dutch. (West) Frisian evolved from the same West Germanic branch as Old English and is less akin to Dutch.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Many

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: Dutch

text: both

text: in

text: Belgium

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: assume

text: that

text: Afrikaans

text: and

text: West

text: Frisian

text: are

text: dialects

text: of

text: Dutch

text: but

text: are

text: considered

text: separate

text: and

text: distinct

text: from

text: Dutch

text: a

text: daughter

text: language

text: and

text: a

text: sister

text: language

text: respectively

text: Afrikaans

text: evolved

text: mainly

text: from

text: century

text: Dutch

text: dialects

text: but

text: had

text: influences

text: from

text: various

text: other

text: languages

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: largely

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: with

text: Dutch

text: West

text: Frisian

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: West

text: Germanic

text: branch

text: as

text: Old

text: English

text: and

text: is

text: less

text: akin

text: to

text: Dutch

question: What dialect is considered a sister language to Dutch?

answer: West Frisian

text: West Frisian

question: Which Dutch dialect is so distinct that it's often called a daughter language?

answer: Afrikaans

text: Afrikaans

question: Afrikaans is mostly derived from the Dutch spoken in what century?

answer: 17th

question: The Dutch influence on Afrikaans was seasoned with languages from what country?

answer: South Africa

text: South Africa

question: What two-word phrase describes the relationship whereby Dutch and Afrikaans speakers can understand each other?

answer: mutually intelligible

text: mutually intelligible


text: Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: official

text: elevation

text: as

text: measured

text: at

text: Logan

text: International

text: Airport

text: is

text: ft

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: Boston

text: is

text: Bellevue

text: Hill

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: the

text: lowest

text: point

text: is

text: at

text: sea

text: level

text: Situated

text: onshore

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Boston

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: capital

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: an

text: oceanic

text: coastline

question: What is the total area of Boston?

answer: 89.6 square miles

text: 89.6 square miles

question: How many square miles of land is Boston?

answer: 48.4 square miles

text: 48.4 square miles

question: How many square miles of water is Boston?

answer: 41.2 square miles

text: 41.2 square miles

question: How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?

answer: 19 ft

text: 19 ft

question: Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous US to have what type of coastline?

answer: oceanic coastline

text: oceanic coastline


text: Command and control is "the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission" (JP 1-02). This core function includes all of the C2-related capabilities and activities associated with air, space, cyberspace, nuclear, and agile combat support operations to achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Command

text: and

text: control

text: is

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: authority

text: and

text: direction

text: by

text: a

text: properly

text: designated

text: commander

text: over

text: assigned

text: and

text: attached

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: Command

text: and

text: control

text: functions

text: are

text: performed

text: through

text: an

text: arrangement

text: of

text: personnel

text: equipment

text: communications

text: facilities

text: and

text: procedures

text: employed

text: by

text: a

text: commander

text: in

text: planning

text: directing

text: coordinating

text: and

text: controlling

text: forces

text: and

text: operations

text: in

text: the

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: JP

text: This

text: core

text: function

text: includes

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: capabilities

text: and

text: activities

text: associated

text: with

text: air

text: space

text: cyberspace

text: nuclear

text: and

text: agile

text: combat

text: support

text: operations

text: to

text: achieve

text: strategic

text: operational

text: and

text: tactical

text: objectives

question: What is the definition of Command and Control in the Air Force operations?

answer: exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces

text: exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces

question: Who is in charge of the Command and Control operations?

answer: commander in planning

text: commander in planning

question: What is one of the C2 related functions that the Command and Control mission of the Air Force uses?

answer: agile combat support operations

text: agile combat support operations

question: What are the main objectives of the Command and Control initiative?

answer: achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives

text: achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives


text: The Northwestern University Law Review is a scholarly legal publication and student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. The Law Review's primary purpose is to publish a journal of broad legal scholarship. The Law Review publishes four issues each year. Student editors make the editorial and organizational decisions and select articles submitted by professors, judges, and practitioners, as well as student pieces. The Law Review recently extended its presence onto the web, and now publishes scholarly pieces weekly on the Colloquy. The Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property is a law review published by an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. Its Bluebook abbreviation is Nw. J. Tech. & Intell. Prop. The current editor-in-chief is Aisha Lavinier.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: Law

text: Review

text: is

text: a

text: scholarly

text: legal

text: publication

text: and

text: student

text: organization

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: The

text: Law

text: Review

text: 's

text: primary

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: publish

text: a

text: journal

text: of

text: broad

text: legal

text: scholarship

text: The

text: Law

text: Review

text: publishes

text: four

text: issues

text: each

text: year

text: Student

text: editors

text: make

text: the

text: editorial

text: and

text: organizational

text: decisions

text: and

text: select

text: articles

text: submitted

text: by

text: professors

text: judges

text: and

text: practitioners

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: student

text: pieces

text: The

text: Law

text: Review

text: recently

text: extended

text: its

text: presence

text: onto

text: the

text: web

text: and

text: now

text: publishes

text: scholarly

text: pieces

text: weekly

text: on

text: the

text: Colloquy

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: Journal

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Intellectual

text: Property

text: is

text: a

text: law

text: review

text: published

text: by

text: an

text: independent

text: student

text: organization

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: Its

text: Bluebook

text: abbreviation

text: is

text: Nw

text: J.

text: Tech

text: Intell

text: Prop

text: The

text: current

text: editor

text: in

text: chief

text: is

text: Aisha

text: Lavinier

question: What is the name of the scholarly legal publication at Northwestern School of Law?

answer: The Northwestern University Law Review

text: The Northwestern University Law Review

question: What type of journal does the Law Review strive to publish?

answer: a journal of broad legal scholarship

text: a journal of broad legal scholarship

question: How many issues does the Law Review publish each year?

answer: four

text: four

question: Who publishes the Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property?

answer: an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law

text: an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law

question: Who makes the editorial decisions for The Northwestern University Law Review?

answer: Student editors

text: Student editors


text: In contrast to the speed of compression, which is proportional to the number of operations required by the algorithm, here latency refers to the number of samples that must be analysed before a block of audio is processed. In the minimum case, latency is zero samples (e.g., if the coder/decoder simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal). Time domain algorithms such as LPC also often have low latencies, hence their popularity in speech coding for telephony. In algorithms such as MP3, however, a large number of samples have to be analyzed to implement a psychoacoustic model in the frequency domain, and latency is on the order of 23 ms (46 ms for two-way communication)).

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: compression

text: which

text: is

text: proportional

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: operations

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: algorithm

text: here

text: latency

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: samples

text: that

text: must

text: be

text: analysed

text: before

text: a

text: block

text: of

text: audio

text: is

text: processed

text: In

text: the

text: minimum

text: case

text: latency

text: is

text: zero

text: samples

text: e.g.

text: if

text: the

text: coder

text: decoder

text: simply

text: reduces

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: bits

text: used

text: to

text: quantize

text: the

text: signal

text: Time

text: domain

text: algorithms

text: such

text: as

text: LPC

text: also

text: often

text: have

text: low

text: latencies

text: hence

text: their

text: popularity

text: in

text: speech

text: coding

text: for

text: telephony

text: In

text: algorithms

text: such

text: as

text: however

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: samples

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: analyzed

text: to

text: implement

text: a

text: psychoacoustic

text: model

text: in

text: the

text: frequency

text: domain

text: and

text: latency

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: ms

text: ms

text: for

text: two

text: way

text: communication

question: What refers to the number of samples that must be analysed before a block of audio is processed?

answer: latency

text: latency

question: What has zero samples in a minimum case?

answer: latency

text: latency

question: What often has low latencies?

answer: LPC

text: LPC


text: The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: periods

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: enduring

text: scheme

text: for

text: analysing

text: European

text: history

text: classical

text: civilisation

text: or

text: Antiquity

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Modern

text: Period

question: Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history?

answer: the Modern Period

text: the Modern Period

question: How many major periods is European history divided into?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is another name for Antiquity?

answer: classical civilisation

text: classical civilisation


text: Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Code

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: code

text: points

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: high

text: surrogate

text: code

text: points

text: and

text: code

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: code

text: points

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: low

text: surrogate

text: code

text: points

text: A

text: high

text: surrogate

text: code

text: point

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: leading

text: surrogate

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: low

text: surrogate

text: code

text: point

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: trailing

text: surrogate

text: together

text: form

text: a

text: surrogate

text: pair

text: used

text: in

text: to

text: represent

text: code

text: points

text: outside

text: BMP

text: High

text: and

text: low

text: surrogate

text: code

text: points

text: are

text: not

text: valid

text: by

text: themselves

text: Thus

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: code

text: points

text: that

text: are

text: available

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: characters

text: is

text: and

text: code

text: points

text: The

text: value

text: of

text: these

text: code

text: points

text: i.e.

text: excluding

text: surrogates

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: character

text: 's

text: scalar

text: value

question: What are code points in the range U+D800-U+DBFF known as?

answer: high-surrogate code points

text: high-surrogate code points

question: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as?

answer: low-surrogate code points

text: low-surrogate code points

question: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point?

answer: leading surrogate

text: leading surrogate

question: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point?

answer: trailing surrogate

text: trailing surrogate

question: What is known as a character's scalar value?

answer: the range of code points that are available for use as characters

text: the range of code points that are available for use as characters


text: The service's B-2A aircraft entered service in the 1990s, its B-1B aircraft in the 1980s and its current B-52H aircraft in the early 1960s. The B-52 Stratofortress airframe design is over 60 years old and the B-52H aircraft currently in the active inventory were all built between 1960 and 1962. The B-52H is scheduled to remain in service for another 30 years, which would keep the airframe in service for nearly 90 years, an unprecedented length of service for any aircraft. The B-21 is projected to replace the B-52 and parts of the B-1B force by the mid-2020s.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: service

text: 's

text: aircraft

text: entered

text: service

text: in

text: the

text: its

text: aircraft

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: its

text: current

text: aircraft

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: Stratofortress

text: airframe

text: design

text: is

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: and

text: the

text: aircraft

text: currently

text: in

text: the

text: active

text: inventory

text: were

text: all

text: built

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: service

text: for

text: another

text: years

text: which

text: would

text: keep

text: the

text: airframe

text: in

text: service

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: length

text: of

text: service

text: for

text: any

text: aircraft

text: The

text: is

text: projected

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: force

text: by

text: the

question: When did the B-2A aircraft enter into service of the US Air Force?

answer: 1990s

question: When did the USAF introduce the B-1B aircraft?

answer: 1980s

question: What aircraft in the USAF was introduced in the 1960s?

answer: B-52H

question: How long is the B-52H scheduled to remain in service of the USAF?

answer: 30 years

text: 30 years

question: What aircraft is scheduled to replace the B-52 in the USAF?

answer: B-21


text: A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show. Many figures from the show's past, including Paula Abdul, made an appearance.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: A

text: special

text: tribute

text: to

text: Simon

text: Cowell

text: was

text: presented

text: in

text: the

text: finale

text: for

text: his

text: final

text: season

text: with

text: the

text: show

text: Many

text: figures

text: from

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: past

text: including

text: Paula

text: Abdul

text: made

text: an

text: appearance

question: Who had their final season in the show in season nine?

answer: Simon Cowell

text: Simon Cowell

question: Why did Paula Abdul appear on the season nine finale of American Idol?

answer: tribute to Simon Cowell

text: tribute to Simon Cowell

question: Who had a special tribute at the finale?

answer: Simon Cowell

text: Simon Cowell

question: Which former Idol star made an appearance for Cowell's tribute?

answer: Paula Abdul

text: Paula Abdul


text: In other contexts the term does not necessarily have pejorative overtones and may even be complimentary when used, in areas where innovation is welcome, of ideas that are in fundamental disagreement with the status quo in any practice and branch of knowledge. Scientist/author Isaac Asimov considered heresy as an abstraction, Asimov's views are in Forward: The Role of the Heretic. mentioning religious, political, socioeconomic and scientific heresies. He divided scientific heretics into endoheretics (those from within the scientific community) and exoheretics (those from without). Characteristics were ascribed to both and examples of both kinds were offered. Asimov concluded that science orthodoxy defends itself well against endoheretics (by control of science education, grants and publication as examples), but is nearly powerless against exoheretics. He acknowledged by examples that heresy has repeatedly become orthodoxy.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: other

text: contexts

text: the

text: term

text: does

text: not

text: necessarily

text: have

text: pejorative

text: overtones

text: and

text: may

text: even

text: be

text: complimentary

text: when

text: used

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: innovation

text: is

text: welcome

text: of

text: ideas

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: fundamental

text: disagreement

text: with

text: the

text: status

text: quo

text: in

text: any

text: practice

text: and

text: branch

text: of

text: knowledge

text: Scientist

text: author

text: Isaac

text: Asimov

text: considered

text: heresy

text: as

text: an

text: abstraction

text: Asimov

text: 's

text: views

text: are

text: in

text: Forward

text: The

text: Role

text: of

text: the

text: Heretic

text: mentioning

text: religious

text: political

text: socioeconomic

text: and

text: scientific

text: heresies

text: He

text: divided

text: scientific

text: heretics

text: into

text: endoheretics

text: those

text: from

text: within

text: the

text: scientific

text: community

text: and

text: exoheretics

text: those

text: from

text: without

text: Characteristics

text: were

text: ascribed

text: to

text: both

text: and

text: examples

text: of

text: both

text: kinds

text: were

text: offered

text: Asimov

text: concluded

text: that

text: science

text: orthodoxy

text: defends

text: itself

text: well

text: against

text: endoheretics

text: by

text: control

text: of

text: science

text: education

text: grants

text: and

text: publication

text: as

text: examples

text: but

text: is

text: nearly

text: powerless

text: against

text: exoheretics

text: He

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: examples

text: that

text: heresy

text: has

text: repeatedly

text: become

text: orthodoxy

question: What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary?

answer: innovation

text: innovation

question: What did Isaac Asimov consider heresy as?

answer: an abstraction

text: an abstraction

question: Which type of heresy is the scientific community well equipped to defend itself against?

answer: endoheretics

text: endoheretics

question: What has heresy within the scientific community repeatedly become?

answer: orthodoxy

text: orthodoxy


text: By 500 BC, the Persian Empire controlled the Greek city states in Asia Minor and had made territorial gains in the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper as well. Attempts by some of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor to overthrow Persian rule failed, and Persia invaded the states of mainland Greece in 492 BC, but was forced to withdraw after a defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. A second invasion by the Persians followed in 480 BC. Despite a heroic resistance at Thermopylae by Spartans and other Greeks led by King Leonidas, and a simultaneous naval engagement at Artemisium,[page needed] Persian forces occupied Athens, which had been evacuated in time, as well as briefly overrunning half of Greece. Following decisive Greek victories in 480 and 479 BC at Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale, the Persians were forced to withdraw for a second time, marking their eventual withdrawal from all of their European territories. Led by Athens and Sparta, the Greek victories in the Greco-Persian Wars are considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as Golden Age of Athens, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilization.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: By

text: BC

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: controlled

text: the

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: in

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: and

text: had

text: made

text: territorial

text: gains

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: proper

text: as

text: well

text: Attempts

text: by

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: to

text: overthrow

text: Persian

text: rule

text: failed

text: and

text: Persia

text: invaded

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: mainland

text: Greece

text: in

text: BC

text: but

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: after

text: a

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Marathon

text: in

text: BC

text: A

text: second

text: invasion

text: by

text: the

text: Persians

text: followed

text: in

text: BC

text: Despite

text: a

text: heroic

text: resistance

text: at

text: Thermopylae

text: by

text: Spartans

text: and

text: other

text: Greeks

text: led

text: by

text: King

text: Leonidas

text: and

text: a

text: simultaneous

text: naval

text: engagement

text: at

text: Artemisium,[page

text: needed

text: Persian

text: forces

text: occupied

text: Athens

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: evacuated

text: in

text: time

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: briefly

text: overrunning

text: half

text: of

text: Greece

text: Following

text: decisive

text: Greek

text: victories

text: in

text: and

text: BC

text: at

text: Salamis

text: Plataea

text: and

text: Mycale

text: the

text: Persians

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: time

text: marking

text: their

text: eventual

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: all

text: of

text: their

text: European

text: territories

text: Led

text: by

text: Athens

text: and

text: Sparta

text: the

text: Greek

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: are

text: considered

text: a

text: pivotal

text: moment

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: as

text: the

text: years

text: of

text: peace

text: that

text: followed

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Athens

text: the

text: seminal

text: period

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: that

text: laid

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

question: In 500 BC, Greece was ruled over by who?

answer: Persian Empire

text: Persian Empire

question: What battle did Persia lose in 490 BC?

answer: Battle of Marathon

text: Battle of Marathon

question: The Spartans made their last stand at what battle location?

answer: Thermopylae

text: Thermopylae

question: The battles between the Greeks and Persians are known as what?

answer: Greco-Persian Wars

text: Greco-Persian Wars

question: After the Persians left Europe, the time period that followed was called what?

answer: Golden Age of Athens

text: Golden Age of Athens


text: IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital-intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale. This transition had progressed as of early 2015[update].

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: IBM

text: acquired

text: Kenexa

text: and

text: SPSS

text: and

text: PwC

text: 's

text: consulting

text: business

text: spinning

text: off

text: companies

text: like

text: printer

text: manufacturer

text: Lexmark

text: and

text: selling

text: off

text: product

text: lines

text: like

text: its

text: personal

text: computer

text: and

text: server

text: businesses

text: to

text: Lenovo

text: In

text: IBM

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: go

text: fabless

text: by

text: offloading

text: IBM

text: Micro

text: Electronics

text: semiconductor

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: GlobalFoundries

text: a

text: leader

text: in

text: advanced

text: technology

text: manufacturing

text: citing

text: that

text: semiconductor

text: manufacturing

text: is

text: a

text: capital

text: intensive

text: business

text: which

text: is

text: challenging

text: to

text: operate

text: without

text: scale

text: This

text: transition

text: had

text: progressed

text: as

text: of

text: early

question: In what year did IBM acquire Kenexa?

answer: 2012

question: IBM made an acquisition in 2009, name it.

answer: SPSS

text: SPSS

question: IBM span off its printer manufacturer in 1991, what was its name?

answer: Lexmark

text: Lexmark

question: IBM sold two product lines to Lenovo, name them.

answer: personal computer and x86 server

text: personal computer and x86 server

question: What was the name of the company that IBM Micro Electronics was offloaded to?

answer: GlobalFoundries

text: GlobalFoundries


text: At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: At

text: the

text: Census

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: populace

text: was

text: White

text: including

text: one

text: per

text: cent

text: White

text: per

text: cent

text: were

text: South

text: Asian

text: per

text: cent

text: Black

text: per

text: cent

text: Chinese

text: or

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: and

text: per

text: cent

text: were

text: of

text: Mixed

text: Race

question: What race makes up the vast majority of Southampton's population?

answer: White

text: White

question: What percentage of the population of Southampton is Black, according to the 2001 Census?

answer: 1.0

question: Going by the 2001 Census, what percentage of Southampton's population is of mixed race?

answer: 1.5

question: What percentage of the white population did the 2001 Census show were White Irish?

answer: one

text: one

question: According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton?

answer: South Asian

text: South Asian


text: With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism. His emphasis on placing his own work on a par with the Qur'an led conservative clerics to accuse him of shirk, furthering their opposition to his regime. In July, a border war broke out with Egypt, in which the Egyptians defeated Libya despite their technological inferiority. The conflict lasted one week before both sides agreed to sign a peace treaty that was brokered by several Arab states. That year, Gaddafi was invited to Moscow by the Soviet government in recognition of their increasing commercial relationship.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: With

text: preceding

text: legal

text: institutions

text: abolished

text: Gaddafi

text: envisioned

text: the

text: Jamahiriya

text: as

text: following

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: for

text: legal

text: guidance

text: adopting

text: sharia

text: law

text: he

text: proclaimed

text: man

text: made

text: laws

text: unnatural

text: and

text: dictatorial

text: only

text: permitting

text: Allah

text: 's

text: law

text: Within

text: a

text: year

text: he

text: was

text: backtracking

text: announcing

text: that

text: sharia

text: was

text: inappropriate

text: for

text: the

text: Jamahiriya

text: because

text: it

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: private

text: property

text: contravening

text: The

text: Green

text: Book

text: 's

text: socialism

text: His

text: emphasis

text: on

text: placing

text: his

text: own

text: work

text: on

text: a

text: par

text: with

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: led

text: conservative

text: clerics

text: to

text: accuse

text: him

text: of

text: shirk

text: furthering

text: their

text: opposition

text: to

text: his

text: regime

text: In

text: July

text: a

text: border

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: with

text: Egypt

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Egyptians

text: defeated

text: Libya

text: despite

text: their

text: technological

text: inferiority

text: The

text: conflict

text: lasted

text: one

text: week

text: before

text: both

text: sides

text: agreed

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: that

text: was

text: brokered

text: by

text: several

text: Arab

text: states

text: That

text: year

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: invited

text: to

text: Moscow

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: their

text: increasing

text: commercial

text: relationship

question: What book did the Jamahiriya look to for legal advice?

answer: Qur'an

text: Qur'an

question: What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?

answer: protection of private property

text: protection of private property

question: What relationship led the Soviets to invite Gaddafi to Moscow?

answer: commercial

text: commercial

question: What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?

answer: shirk

text: shirk

question: Who won a border war with Libya?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt


text: Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873 which delayed construction of the railroad into Montana. Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. The transcontinental NPR was completed on September 8, 1883, at Gold Creek.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Tracks

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Pacific

text: Railroad

text: NPR

text: reached

text: Montana

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: in

text: However

text: the

text: railroad

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: sparking

text: tensions

text: with

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: in

text: the

text: Jay

text: Cooke

text: the

text: NPR

text: president

text: launched

text: major

text: surveys

text: into

text: the

text: Yellowstone

text: valley

text: in

text: and

text: which

text: were

text: challenged

text: forcefully

text: by

text: the

text: Sioux

text: under

text: chief

text: Sitting

text: Bull

text: These

text: clashes

text: in

text: part

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: Panic

text: of

text: which

text: delayed

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: railroad

text: into

text: Montana

text: Surveys

text: in

text: and

text: helped

text: spark

text: the

text: Great

text: Sioux

text: War

text: of

text: The

text: transcontinental

text: NPR

text: was

text: completed

text: on

text: September

text: at

text: Gold

text: Creek

question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?

answer: 1881

question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the east?

answer: 1882

question: What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?

answer: 1871, 1872 and 1873

text: 1871, 1872 and 1873

question: What year was the Great White Sioux War?

answer: 1876

question: When was the transcontinental National Pacific Railroad finished?

answer: 1883


text: Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity. Pandeism and Panendeism, respectively, combine Deism with the Pantheistic or Panentheistic beliefs. Pandeism is proposed to explain as to Deism why God would create a universe and then abandon it, and as to Pantheism, the origin and purpose of the universe.

title: God

title: God

text: Deism

text: holds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: wholly

text: transcendent

text: God

text: exists

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: intervene

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: beyond

text: what

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: create

text: it

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: God

text: is

text: not

text: anthropomorphic

text: and

text: neither

text: answers

text: prayers

text: nor

text: produces

text: miracles

text: Common

text: in

text: Deism

text: is

text: a

text: belief

text: that

text: God

text: has

text: no

text: interest

text: in

text: humanity

text: and

text: may

text: not

text: even

text: be

text: aware

text: of

text: humanity

text: Pandeism

text: and

text: Panendeism

text: respectively

text: combine

text: Deism

text: with

text: the

text: Pantheistic

text: or

text: Panentheistic

text: beliefs

text: Pandeism

text: is

text: proposed

text: to

text: explain

text: as

text: to

text: Deism

text: why

text: God

text: would

text: create

text: a

text: universe

text: and

text: then

text: abandon

text: it

text: and

text: as

text: to

text: Pantheism

text: the

text: origin

text: and

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: universe

question: What is a deistic view of God?

answer: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it

text: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it

question: How does a deistic God feel about us?

answer: no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity

text: no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity

question: What is Pandeism?

answer: why God would create a universe and then abandon it

text: why God would create a universe and then abandon it

question: What does a deistic God not do?

answer: neither answers prayers nor produces miracles

text: neither answers prayers nor produces miracles

question: What type of religion believes that God is transcendent?

answer: Deism

text: Deism

question: What is deism?

answer: God has no interest in humanity

text: God has no interest in humanity

question: In deism is God represented in human form?

answer: God is not anthropomorphic

text: God is not anthropomorphic

question: In deism, does God answer prayers?

answer: neither answers prayers

text: neither answers prayers


text: On 25 May 1963, the pope suffered another haemorrhage and required several blood transfusions, but the cancer had perforated the stomach wall and peritonitis soon set in. The doctors conferred in a decision regarding this matter and John XXIII's aide Loris F. Capovilla broke the news to him saying that the cancer had done its work and nothing could be done for him. Around this time, his remaining siblings arrived to be with him. By 31 May, it had become clear that the cancer had overcome the resistance of John XXIII – it had left him confined to his bed.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: pope

text: suffered

text: another

text: haemorrhage

text: and

text: required

text: several

text: blood

text: transfusions

text: but

text: the

text: cancer

text: had

text: perforated

text: the

text: stomach

text: wall

text: and

text: peritonitis

text: soon

text: set

text: in

text: The

text: doctors

text: conferred

text: in

text: a

text: decision

text: regarding

text: this

text: matter

text: and

text: John

text: XXIII

text: 's

text: aide

text: Loris

text: F.

text: Capovilla

text: broke

text: the

text: news

text: to

text: him

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: cancer

text: had

text: done

text: its

text: work

text: and

text: nothing

text: could

text: be

text: done

text: for

text: him

text: Around

text: this

text: time

text: his

text: remaining

text: siblings

text: arrived

text: to

text: be

text: with

text: him

text: By

text: May

text: it

text: had

text: become

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: cancer

text: had

text: overcome

text: the

text: resistance

text: of

text: John

text: XXIII

text: it

text: had

text: left

text: him

text: confined

text: to

text: his

text: bed

question: What did the pope suffer on 25 May 1963?

answer: haemorrhage

text: haemorrhage

question: Who broke the news to John XXIII about his cancer?

answer: Loris F. Capovilla

text: Loris F. Capovilla

question: When was it clear that the cancer had overcome the resistance of John XXIII?

answer: 31 May

text: 31 May


text: A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (475–518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang. The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: sculptural

text: ensembles

text: of

text: that

text: era

text: erected

text: at

text: the

text: tombs

text: of

text: royals

text: and

text: other

text: dignitaries

text: have

text: survived

text: in

text: various

text: degrees

text: of

text: preservation

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: 's

text: northeastern

text: and

text: eastern

text: suburbs

text: primarily

text: in

text: Qixia

text: and

text: Jiangning

text: District

text: Possibly

text: the

text: best

text: preserved

text: of

text: them

text: is

text: the

text: ensemble

text: of

text: the

text: Tomb

text: of

text: Xiao

text: Xiu

text: a

text: brother

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: of

text: Liang

text: The

text: period

text: of

text: division

text: ended

text: when

text: the

text: Sui

text: Dynasty

text: reunified

text: China

text: and

text: almost

text: destroyed

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: turning

text: it

text: into

text: a

text: small

text: town

question: What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?

answer: A number of sculptural ensembles

text: A number of sculptural ensembles

question: In what district are these sculptural pieces located?

answer: Qixia and Jiangning District

text: Qixia and Jiangning District

question: Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?

answer: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu

text: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu

question: Who was Xiao Xiu?

answer: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang

text: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang

question: When did Xiao Xiu live?

answer: 475–518


text: In recent years a large number of wartime recordings relating to the Blitz have been made available on audiobooks such as The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting. These collections include period interviews with civilians, servicemen, aircrew, politicians and Civil Defence personnel, as well as Blitz actuality recordings, news bulletins and public information broadcasts. Notable interviews include Thomas Alderson, the first recipient of the George Cross, John Cormack, who survived eight days trapped beneath rubble on Clydeside, and Herbert Morrison's famous "Britain shall not burn" appeal for more fireguards in December 1940.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: wartime

text: recordings

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: Blitz

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: available

text: on

text: audiobooks

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Blitz

text: The

text: Home

text: Front

text: and

text: British

text: War

text: Broadcasting

text: These

text: collections

text: include

text: period

text: interviews

text: with

text: civilians

text: servicemen

text: aircrew

text: politicians

text: and

text: Civil

text: Defence

text: personnel

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Blitz

text: actuality

text: recordings

text: news

text: bulletins

text: and

text: public

text: information

text: broadcasts

text: Notable

text: interviews

text: include

text: Thomas

text: Alderson

text: the

text: first

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: George

text: Cross

text: John

text: Cormack

text: who

text: survived

text: eight

text: days

text: trapped

text: beneath

text: rubble

text: on

text: Clydeside

text: and

text: Herbert

text: Morrison

text: 's

text: famous

text: Britain

text: shall

text: not

text: burn

text: appeal

text: for

text: more

text: fireguards

text: in

text: December

question: What are the audiobooks with wartime recordings?

answer: The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting

text: The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting

question: What are some of the things included in these recordings?

answer: period interviews with civilians, servicemen, aircrew, politicians and Civil Defence personnel, as well as Blitz actuality recordings

text: period interviews with civilians, servicemen, aircrew, politicians and Civil Defence personnel, as well as Blitz actuality recordings

question: What is one of the notable recordings included?

answer: Thomas Alderson, the first recipient of the George Cross, John Cormack, who survived eight days trapped beneath rubble on Clydeside

text: Thomas Alderson, the first recipient of the George Cross, John Cormack, who survived eight days trapped beneath rubble on Clydeside

question: What is a second recording that is of note?

answer: Herbert Morrison's famous "Britain shall not burn" appeal for more fireguards in December 1940.

text: Herbert Morrison's famous "Britain shall not burn" appeal for more fireguards in December 1940.


text: Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Some

text: authors

text: argue

text: that

text: anthropology

text: originated

text: and

text: developed

text: as

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: other

text: cultures

text: both

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: time

text: past

text: societies

text: and

text: space

text: non

text: European

text: non

text: Western

text: societies

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: classic

text: of

text: urban

text: anthropology

text: Ulf

text: Hannerz

text: in

text: the

text: introduction

text: to

text: his

text: seminal

text: Exploring

text: the

text: City

text: Inquiries

text: Toward

text: an

text: Urban

text: Anthropology

text: mentions

text: that

text: the

text: Third

text: World

text: had

text: habitually

text: received

text: most

text: of

text: attention

text: anthropologists

text: who

text: traditionally

text: specialized

text: in

text: other

text: cultures

text: looked

text: for

text: them

text: far

text: away

text: and

text: started

text: to

text: look

text: across

text: the

text: tracks

text: only

text: in

text: late

question: What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of?

answer: "other cultures

text: "other cultures

question: A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect?

answer: time

text: time

question: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant?

answer: non-European/non-Western societies

text: non-European/non-Western societies

question: Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"?

answer: Ulf Hannerz

text: Ulf Hannerz

question: When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"?

answer: only in late 1960s

text: only in late 1960s


text: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green coconut water, weak tea (unsweetened), and unsweetened fresh fruit juices can have from half a teaspoon to full teaspoon of salt (from one-and-a-half to three grams) added per liter. Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given. There are commercial solutions such as Pedialyte, and relief agencies such as UNICEF widely distribute packets of salts and sugar. A WHO publication for physicians recommends a homemade ORS consisting of one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added (approximately the "taste of tears"). Rehydration Project recommends adding the same amount of sugar but only one-half a teaspoon of salt, stating that this more dilute approach is less risky with very little loss of effectiveness. Both agree that drinks with too much sugar or salt can make dehydration worse.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: Oral

text: rehydration

text: solution

text: ORS

text: a

text: slightly

text: sweetened

text: and

text: salty

text: water

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: prevent

text: dehydration

text: Standard

text: home

text: solutions

text: such

text: as

text: salted

text: rice

text: water

text: salted

text: yogurt

text: drinks

text: vegetable

text: and

text: chicken

text: soups

text: with

text: salt

text: can

text: be

text: given

text: Home

text: solutions

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: in

text: which

text: cereal

text: has

text: been

text: cooked

text: unsalted

text: soup

text: green

text: coconut

text: water

text: weak

text: tea

text: unsweetened

text: and

text: unsweetened

text: fresh

text: fruit

text: juices

text: can

text: have

text: from

text: half

text: a

text: teaspoon

text: to

text: full

text: teaspoon

text: of

text: salt

text: from

text: one

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: to

text: three

text: grams

text: added

text: per

text: liter

text: Clean

text: plain

text: water

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: fluids

text: given

text: There

text: are

text: commercial

text: solutions

text: such

text: as

text: Pedialyte

text: and

text: relief

text: agencies

text: such

text: as

text: UNICEF

text: widely

text: distribute

text: packets

text: of

text: salts

text: and

text: sugar

text: A

text: WHO

text: publication

text: for

text: physicians

text: recommends

text: a

text: homemade

text: ORS

text: consisting

text: of

text: one

text: liter

text: water

text: with

text: one

text: teaspoon

text: salt

text: grams

text: and

text: two

text: tablespoons

text: sugar

text: grams

text: added

text: approximately

text: the

text: taste

text: of

text: tears

text: Rehydration

text: Project

text: recommends

text: adding

text: the

text: same

text: amount

text: of

text: sugar

text: but

text: only

text: one

text: half

text: a

text: teaspoon

text: of

text: salt

text: stating

text: that

text: this

text: more

text: dilute

text: approach

text: is

text: less

text: risky

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: loss

text: of

text: effectiveness

text: Both

text: agree

text: that

text: drinks

text: with

text: too

text: much

text: sugar

text: or

text: salt

text: can

text: make

text: dehydration

text: worse

question: What can be used to prevent dehydration?

answer: Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

text: Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

question: What are some good standard home solutions?

answer: salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt

text: salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt

question: What is a commercial solution that can also be used?

answer: Pedialyte

text: Pedialyte

question: What is the WHO's recipe for ORS?

answer: one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added

text: one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added