text: As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career). Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular that eventually the audience response will alter the character's heel-face cycle to the point where the heel persona will, in practice, become a face persona, and what was previously the face persona, will turn into the heel persona, such as when Dwayne Johnson first began using "The Rock" persona as a heel character, as opposed to his original "Rocky Maivia" babyface persona. Another legendary example is Stone Cold Steve Austin, who was originally booked as a heel, with such mannerisms as drinking on the job, using profanity, breaking company property, and even breaking into people's private homes. However, much to WWF's surprise, the fans enjoyed Austin's antics so much that he became one of the greatest antiheroes in the history of the business. He, along with the stable of D-Generation X, is generally credited with ushering in the Attitude Era of WWF programming.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: As

text: with

text: personae

text: in

text: general

text: a

text: character

text: 's

text: face

text: or

text: heel

text: alignment

text: may

text: change

text: with

text: time

text: or

text: remain

text: constant

text: over

text: its

text: lifetime

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: Ricky

text: Steamboat

text: a

text: WWE

text: Hall

text: of

text: Famer

text: who

text: remained

text: a

text: babyface

text: throughout

text: his

text: entire

text: career

text: Sometimes

text: a

text: character

text: 's

text: heel

text: turn

text: will

text: become

text: so

text: popular

text: that

text: eventually

text: the

text: audience

text: response

text: will

text: alter

text: the

text: character

text: 's

text: heel

text: face

text: cycle

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: the

text: heel

text: persona

text: will

text: in

text: practice

text: become

text: a

text: face

text: persona

text: and

text: what

text: was

text: previously

text: the

text: face

text: persona

text: will

text: turn

text: into

text: the

text: heel

text: persona

text: such

text: as

text: when

text: Dwayne

text: Johnson

text: first

text: began

text: using

text: The

text: Rock

text: persona

text: as

text: a

text: heel

text: character

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: his

text: original

text: Rocky

text: Maivia

text: babyface

text: persona

text: Another

text: legendary

text: example

text: is

text: Stone

text: Cold

text: Steve

text: Austin

text: who

text: was

text: originally

text: booked

text: as

text: a

text: heel

text: with

text: such

text: mannerisms

text: as

text: drinking

text: on

text: the

text: job

text: using

text: profanity

text: breaking

text: company

text: property

text: and

text: even

text: breaking

text: into

text: people

text: 's

text: private

text: homes

text: However

text: much

text: to

text: WWF

text: 's

text: surprise

text: the

text: fans

text: enjoyed

text: Austin

text: 's

text: antics

text: so

text: much

text: that

text: he

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: antiheroes

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: business

text: He

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: stable

text: of

text: D

text: Generation

text: X

text: is

text: generally

text: credited

text: with

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: Attitude

text: Era

text: of

text: WWF

text: programming

question: Who is a wrestler who never turned?

answer: Ricky Steamboat

text: Ricky Steamboat

question: What did Stone Cold Steve Austin start as?

answer: heel

text: heel

question: What was The Rock's original character?

answer: Rocky Maivia

text: Rocky Maivia

question: What did Steve Austin become?

answer: one of the greatest antiheroes

text: one of the greatest antiheroes


text: In the immediate years after Eisenhower left office, his reputation declined. He was widely seen by critics as an inactive, uninspiring, golf-playing president compared to his vigorous young successor. Despite his unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at Central High School in Little Rock, Eisenhower was criticized for his reluctance to support the civil rights movement to the degree that activists wanted. Eisenhower also attracted criticism for his handling of the 1960 U-2 incident and the associated international embarrassment, for the Soviet Union's perceived leadership in the nuclear arms race and the Space Race, and for his failure to publicly oppose McCarthyism.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: the

text: immediate

text: years

text: after

text: Eisenhower

text: left

text: office

text: his

text: reputation

text: declined

text: He

text: was

text: widely

text: seen

text: by

text: critics

text: as

text: an

text: inactive

text: uninspiring

text: golf

text: playing

text: president

text: compared

text: to

text: his

text: vigorous

text: young

text: successor

text: Despite

text: his

text: unprecedented

text: use

text: of

text: Army

text: troops

text: to

text: enforce

text: a

text: federal

text: desegregation

text: order

text: at

text: Central

text: High

text: School

text: in

text: Little

text: Rock

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: criticized

text: for

text: his

text: reluctance

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: civil

text: rights

text: movement

text: to

text: the

text: degree

text: that

text: activists

text: wanted

text: Eisenhower

text: also

text: attracted

text: criticism

text: for

text: his

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: incident

text: and

text: the

text: associated

text: international

text: embarrassment

text: for

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: perceived

text: leadership

text: in

text: the

text: nuclear

text: arms

text: race

text: and

text: the

text: Space

text: Race

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: failure

text: to

text: publicly

text: oppose

text: McCarthyism

question: In popular memory, what sport was Eisenhower known for playing?

answer: golf

text: golf

question: What did critics feel that Eisenhower should have opposed in public?

answer: McCarthyism

text: McCarthyism

question: Where was Central High school located?

answer: Little Rock

text: Little Rock

question: How did critics characterize Kennedy in comparison to Eisenhower?

answer: vigorous young successor

text: vigorous young successor

question: What nation was considered the leader in the nuclear arms race?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union


text: Under the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as "being in the living presence of the orchestra" by The New York Times music critic. The series of records was then named Mercury Living Presence. In 1955, Mercury began three-channel stereo recordings, still based on the principle of the single microphone. The center (single) microphone was of paramount importance, with the two side mics adding depth and space. Record masters were cut directly from a three-track to two-track mixdown console, with all editing of the master tapes done on the original three-tracks. In 1961, Mercury enhanced this technique with three-microphone stereo recordings using 35 mm magnetic film instead of half-inch tape for recording. The greater thickness and width of 35 mm magnetic film prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response. The Mercury Living Presence recordings were remastered to CD in the 1990s by the original producer, Wilma Cozart Fine, using the same method of 3-to-2 mix directly to the master recorder.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Under

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: recording

text: engineer

text: C.

text: Robert

text: Fine

text: Mercury

text: Records

text: initiated

text: a

text: minimalist

text: single

text: microphone

text: monaural

text: recording

text: technique

text: in

text: The

text: first

text: record

text: a

text: Chicago

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: performance

text: of

text: Pictures

text: at

text: an

text: Exhibition

text: conducted

text: by

text: Rafael

text: Kubelik

text: was

text: described

text: as

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: living

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: orchestra

text: by

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: music

text: critic

text: The

text: series

text: of

text: records

text: was

text: then

text: named

text: Mercury

text: Living

text: Presence

text: In

text: Mercury

text: began

text: three

text: channel

text: stereo

text: recordings

text: still

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: single

text: microphone

text: The

text: center

text: single

text: microphone

text: was

text: of

text: paramount

text: importance

text: with

text: the

text: two

text: side

text: mics

text: adding

text: depth

text: and

text: space

text: Record

text: masters

text: were

text: cut

text: directly

text: from

text: a

text: three

text: track

text: to

text: two

text: track

text: mixdown

text: console

text: with

text: all

text: editing

text: of

text: the

text: master

text: tapes

text: done

text: on

text: the

text: original

text: three

text: tracks

text: In

text: Mercury

text: enhanced

text: this

text: technique

text: with

text: three

text: microphone

text: stereo

text: recordings

text: using

text: mm

text: magnetic

text: film

text: instead

text: of

text: half

text: inch

text: tape

text: for

text: recording

text: The

text: greater

text: thickness

text: and

text: width

text: of

text: mm

text: magnetic

text: film

text: prevented

text: tape

text: layer

text: print

text: through

text: and

text: pre

text: echo

text: and

text: gained

text: extended

text: frequency

text: range

text: and

text: transient

text: response

text: The

text: Mercury

text: Living

text: Presence

text: recordings

text: were

text: remastered

text: to

text: CD

text: in

text: the

text: by

text: the

text: original

text: producer

text: Wilma

text: Cozart

text: Fine

text: using

text: the

text: same

text: method

text: of

text: mix

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: master

text: recorder

question: For which company did C. Robert Fine work for?

answer: Mercury Records

text: Mercury Records

question: What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film?

answer: prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response

text: prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response

question: Who developed the 3-to-2 mix to create lifelike recordings?

answer: Mercury

text: Mercury

question: Which microphone hold the most importance in 3 microphone recording?

answer: The center

text: The center

question: In which year did Mercury begin 3 channel stereo recording?

answer: 1955


text: The Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the "universal" devastation of the suburbs and nearby islands, and another account further details the destruction and slaughter of the invasion. The Rus' turned back before attacking the city itself, due either to a storm dispersing their boats, the return of the Emperor, or in a later account, due to a miracle after a ceremonial appeal by the Patriarch and the Emperor to the Virgin. The attack was the first encounter between the Rus' and Byzantines and led the Patriarch to send missionaries north to engage and attempt to convert the Rus' and the Slavs.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: Chronicle

text: reports

text: that

text: Askold

text: and

text: Dir

text: continued

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: with

text: a

text: navy

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: catching

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: by

text: surprise

text: and

text: ravaging

text: the

text: surrounding

text: area

text: though

text: other

text: accounts

text: date

text: the

text: attack

text: in

text: Patriarch

text: Photius

text: vividly

text: describes

text: the

text: universal

text: devastation

text: of

text: the

text: suburbs

text: and

text: nearby

text: islands

text: and

text: another

text: account

text: further

text: details

text: the

text: destruction

text: and

text: slaughter

text: of

text: the

text: invasion

text: The

text: Rus

text: turned

text: back

text: before

text: attacking

text: the

text: city

text: itself

text: due

text: either

text: to

text: a

text: storm

text: dispersing

text: their

text: boats

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: or

text: in

text: a

text: later

text: account

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: miracle

text: after

text: a

text: ceremonial

text: appeal

text: by

text: the

text: Patriarch

text: and

text: the

text: Emperor

text: to

text: the

text: Virgin

text: The

text: attack

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: encounter

text: between

text: the

text: Rus

text: and

text: Byzantines

text: and

text: led

text: the

text: Patriarch

text: to

text: send

text: missionaries

text: north

text: to

text: engage

text: and

text: attempt

text: to

text: convert

text: the

text: Rus

text: and

text: the

text: Slavs

question: Between what years did Askold and Dir continued to attack Kiev?

answer: 863–66

question: What did the attack between Rus and Byzantines lead to?

answer: Patriarch to send missionaries north to engage

text: Patriarch to send missionaries north to engage

question: Wat was the purpose of the Patriarch when they were sent north?

answer: to convert the Rus' and the Slavs.

text: to convert the Rus' and the Slavs.


text: On 7 June 1981, the Israeli air force destroyed Iraq's sole nuclear reactor, in order to impede Iraq's nuclear weapons program. The reactor was under construction just outside Baghdad. Following a series of PLO attacks in 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon that year to destroy the bases from which the PLO launched attacks and missiles into northern Israel. In the first six days of fighting, the Israelis destroyed the military forces of the PLO in Lebanon and decisively defeated the Syrians. An Israeli government inquiry – the Kahan Commission – would later hold Begin, Sharon and several Israeli generals as indirectly responsible for the Sabra and Shatila massacre. In 1985, Israel responded to a Palestinian terrorist attack in Cyprus by bombing the PLO headquarters in Tunis. Israel withdrew from most of Lebanon in 1986, but maintained a borderland buffer zone in southern Lebanon until 2000, from where Israeli forces engaged in conflict with Hezbollah.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Israeli

text: air

text: force

text: destroyed

text: Iraq

text: 's

text: sole

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: impede

text: Iraq

text: 's

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: program

text: The

text: reactor

text: was

text: under

text: construction

text: just

text: outside

text: Baghdad

text: Following

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: PLO

text: attacks

text: in

text: Israel

text: invaded

text: Lebanon

text: that

text: year

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: bases

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: PLO

text: launched

text: attacks

text: and

text: missiles

text: into

text: northern

text: Israel

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: six

text: days

text: of

text: fighting

text: the

text: Israelis

text: destroyed

text: the

text: military

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: PLO

text: in

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: the

text: Syrians

text: An

text: Israeli

text: government

text: inquiry

text: the

text: Kahan

text: Commission

text: would

text: later

text: hold

text: Begin

text: Sharon

text: and

text: several

text: Israeli

text: generals

text: as

text: indirectly

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: Sabra

text: and

text: Shatila

text: massacre

text: In

text: Israel

text: responded

text: to

text: a

text: Palestinian

text: terrorist

text: attack

text: in

text: Cyprus

text: by

text: bombing

text: the

text: PLO

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Tunis

text: Israel

text: withdrew

text: from

text: most

text: of

text: Lebanon

text: in

text: but

text: maintained

text: a

text: borderland

text: buffer

text: zone

text: in

text: southern

text: Lebanon

text: until

text: from

text: where

text: Israeli

text: forces

text: engaged

text: in

text: conflict

text: with

text: Hezbollah

question: When did the Israeli air force destroy Iraq's sole nuclear reactor?

answer: 7 June 1981

text: 7 June 1981

question: Why did they destroy the nuclear reactor?

answer: impede Iraq's nuclear weapons program

text: impede Iraq's nuclear weapons program

question: What government inquiry held Begin?

answer: Kahan Commission

text: Kahan Commission


text: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the statehood of Puerto Rico, in light of its win in the referendum. Fortuño urged him to move the process forward. García Padilla asked him to reject the results because of their ambiguity. The White House stance related to the November 2012 plebiscite was that the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved, and a majority chose statehood in the second question. Former White House director of Hispanic media stated, "Now it is time for Congress to act and the administration will work with them on that effort, so that the people of Puerto Rico can determine their own future."

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Several

text: days

text: after

text: the

text: referendum

text: the

text: Resident

text: Commissioner

text: Pedro

text: Pierluisi

text: Governor

text: Luis

text: Fortuño

text: and

text: Governor

text: elect

text: Alejandro

text: García

text: Padilla

text: wrote

text: separate

text: letters

text: to

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: addressing

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: Pierluisi

text: urged

text: Obama

text: to

text: begin

text: legislation

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: statehood

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: its

text: win

text: in

text: the

text: referendum

text: Fortuño

text: urged

text: him

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: process

text: forward

text: García

text: Padilla

text: asked

text: him

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: results

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: ambiguity

text: The

text: White

text: House

text: stance

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: November

text: plebiscite

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: results

text: were

text: clear

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: want

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: status

text: resolved

text: and

text: a

text: majority

text: chose

text: statehood

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: question

text: Former

text: White

text: House

text: director

text: of

text: Hispanic

text: media

text: stated

text: Now

text: it

text: is

text: time

text: for

text: Congress

text: to

text: act

text: and

text: the

text: administration

text: will

text: work

text: with

text: them

text: on

text: that

text: effort

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: can

text: determine

text: their

text: own

text: future

question: What politicians pushed for statehood for Puerto Rico?

answer: Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño

text: Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño

question: What politician fought against statehood for Puerto Rico?

answer: Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla

text: Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla

question: How did these politicians voice their concerns?

answer: wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama

text: wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama

question: What was the White House stance?

answer: the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved

text: the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved


text: The humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking out manuscripts of Patristic literature as well as pagan authors. In 1439, while employed in Naples at the court of Alfonso V of Aragon (at the time engaged in a dispute with the Papal States) the humanist Lorenzo Valla used stylistic textual analysis, now called philology, to prove that the Donation of Constantine, which purported to confer temporal powers on the Pope of Rome, was an 8th-century forgery. For the next 70 years, however, neither Valla nor any of his contemporaries thought to apply the techniques of philology to other controversial manuscripts in this way. Instead, after the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Turks in 1453, which brought a flood of Greek Orthodox refugees to Italy, humanist scholars increasingly turned to the study of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, hoping to bridge the differences between the Greek and Roman Churches, and even between Christianity itself and the non-Christian world. The refugees brought with them Greek manuscripts, not only of Plato and Aristotle, but also of the Christian Gospels, previously unavailable in the Latin West.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: The

text: humanists

text: close

text: study

text: of

text: Latin

text: literary

text: texts

text: soon

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: discern

text: historical

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: writing

text: styles

text: of

text: different

text: periods

text: By

text: analogy

text: with

text: what

text: they

text: saw

text: as

text: decline

text: of

text: Latin

text: they

text: applied

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: ad

text: fontes

text: or

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: sources

text: across

text: broad

text: areas

text: of

text: learning

text: seeking

text: out

text: manuscripts

text: of

text: Patristic

text: literature

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: pagan

text: authors

text: In

text: while

text: employed

text: in

text: Naples

text: at

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: Alfonso

text: V

text: of

text: Aragon

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: engaged

text: in

text: a

text: dispute

text: with

text: the

text: Papal

text: States

text: the

text: humanist

text: Lorenzo

text: Valla

text: used

text: stylistic

text: textual

text: analysis

text: now

text: called

text: philology

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: the

text: Donation

text: of

text: Constantine

text: which

text: purported

text: to

text: confer

text: temporal

text: powers

text: on

text: the

text: Pope

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: an

text: century

text: forgery

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: however

text: neither

text: Valla

text: nor

text: any

text: of

text: his

text: contemporaries

text: thought

text: to

text: apply

text: the

text: techniques

text: of

text: philology

text: to

text: other

text: controversial

text: manuscripts

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: Instead

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: to

text: the

text: Turks

text: in

text: which

text: brought

text: a

text: flood

text: of

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: refugees

text: to

text: Italy

text: humanist

text: scholars

text: increasingly

text: turned

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: Neoplatonism

text: and

text: Hermeticism

text: hoping

text: to

text: bridge

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: Churches

text: and

text: even

text: between

text: Christianity

text: itself

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: Christian

text: world

text: The

text: refugees

text: brought

text: with

text: them

text: Greek

text: manuscripts

text: not

text: only

text: of

text: Plato

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: but

text: also

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Gospels

text: previously

text: unavailable

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: West

question: How were humanist able to identify the development of humanist thought?

answer: Latin literary texts

text: Latin literary texts

question: What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?

answer: Patristic literature

text: Patristic literature

question: If your were unsure of the authenticity of an ancient text how could you verify it?

answer: philology

text: philology

question: What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?

answer: Byzantine Empire

text: Byzantine Empire

question: What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?

answer: Greek manuscripts

text: Greek manuscripts


text: The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: the nobility actually gained power at the expense of the king, and the political system evolved into an oligarchy.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: Polish

text: nobility

text: differed

text: in

text: many

text: respects

text: from

text: the

text: nobility

text: of

text: other

text: countries

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: difference

text: was

text: that

text: while

text: in

text: most

text: European

text: countries

text: the

text: nobility

text: lost

text: power

text: as

text: the

text: ruler

text: strove

text: for

text: absolute

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Poland

text: the

text: reverse

text: process

text: occurred

text: the

text: nobility

text: actually

text: gained

text: power

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: the

text: political

text: system

text: evolved

text: into

text: an

text: oligarchy

question: What was different between the polish nobility and others?

answer: European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy

text: European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy

question: What happened to nobility at expense of the king?

answer: actually gained power

text: actually gained power

question: What did the political system eventually evolve into?

answer: oligarchy

text: oligarchy

question: What did the ruler strive for?

answer: absolute monarchy

text: absolute monarchy


text: The word ale comes from Old English ealu (plural ealoþ), in turn from Proto-Germanic *alu (plural *aluþ), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base *h₂elut-, which holds connotations of "sorcery, magic, possession, intoxication". The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm, originally "brewer's yeast, beer dregs", although other theories have been provided connecting the word with Old English bēow, "barley", or Latin bibere, "to drink". On the currency of two words for the same thing in the Germanic languages, the 12th-century Old Icelandic poem Alvíssmál says, "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: word

text: ale

text: comes

text: from

text: Old

text: English

text: ealu

text: plural

text: ealoþ

text: in

text: turn

text: from

text: Proto

text: Germanic

text: alu

text: plural

text: aluþ

text: ultimately

text: from

text: the

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: base

text: which

text: holds

text: connotations

text: of

text: sorcery

text: magic

text: possession

text: intoxication

text: The

text: word

text: beer

text: comes

text: from

text: Old

text: English

text: bēor

text: from

text: Proto

text: Germanic

text: beuzą

text: probably

text: from

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: bʰeusóm

text: originally

text: brewer

text: 's

text: yeast

text: beer

text: dregs

text: although

text: other

text: theories

text: have

text: been

text: provided

text: connecting

text: the

text: word

text: with

text: Old

text: English

text: bēow

text: barley

text: or

text: Latin

text: bibere

text: to

text: drink

text: On

text: the

text: currency

text: of

text: two

text: words

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: thing

text: in

text: the

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: the

text: century

text: Old

text: Icelandic

text: poem

text: Alvíssmál

text: says

text: Ale

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: among

text: men

text: but

text: among

text: the

text: gods

text: beer

question: What is the origin of the word ale?

answer: Old English ealu

text: Old English ealu

question: What is the origin of the word beer?

answer: Old English bēor

text: Old English bēor

question: What word means to drink in Latin?

answer: bibere

text: bibere

question: What 12th century poet once wrote "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."?

answer: Alvíssmál

text: Alvíssmál


text: Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warfare or professional soldiers during the Uruk period, and towns were generally unwalled. During this period Uruk became the most urbanized city in the world, surpassing for the first time 50,000 inhabitants.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: Sumerian

text: cities

text: during

text: the

text: Uruk

text: period

text: were

text: probably

text: theocratic

text: and

text: were

text: most

text: likely

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: priest

text: king

text: ensi

text: assisted

text: by

text: a

text: council

text: of

text: elders

text: including

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: It

text: is

text: quite

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: later

text: Sumerian

text: pantheon

text: was

text: modeled

text: upon

text: this

text: political

text: structure

text: There

text: was

text: little

text: evidence

text: of

text: organized

text: warfare

text: or

text: professional

text: soldiers

text: during

text: the

text: Uruk

text: period

text: and

text: towns

text: were

text: generally

text: unwalled

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Uruk

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: urbanized

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: surpassing

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: inhabitants

question: What is an "ensi"?

answer: priest-king

text: priest-king

question: What type of leadership did Sumerian cities during the Uruk period probably have?

answer: theocratic

text: theocratic

question: Who assisted the ensi?

answer: a council of elders

text: a council of elders

question: What was the most urbanized city in the world at the time?

answer: Uruk

text: Uruk

question: Over how many people lived in Uruk?

answer: 50,000


text: Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electromagnetic launching equipment, vertical landing aircraft also remove the need for arresting cables and related hardware. Russian, Chinese, and future Indian carriers include a ski-jump ramp for launching lightly loaded conventional fighter aircraft but recover using traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: Although

text: STOVL

text: aircraft

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: taking

text: off

text: vertically

text: from

text: a

text: spot

text: on

text: the

text: deck

text: using

text: the

text: ramp

text: and

text: a

text: running

text: start

text: is

text: far

text: more

text: fuel

text: efficient

text: and

text: permits

text: a

text: heavier

text: launch

text: weight

text: As

text: catapults

text: are

text: unnecessary

text: carriers

text: with

text: this

text: arrangement

text: reduce

text: weight

text: complexity

text: and

text: space

text: needed

text: for

text: complex

text: steam

text: or

text: electromagnetic

text: launching

text: equipment

text: vertical

text: landing

text: aircraft

text: also

text: remove

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: arresting

text: cables

text: and

text: related

text: hardware

text: Russian

text: Chinese

text: and

text: future

text: Indian

text: carriers

text: include

text: a

text: ski

text: jump

text: ramp

text: for

text: launching

text: lightly

text: loaded

text: conventional

text: fighter

text: aircraft

text: but

text: recover

text: using

text: traditional

text: carrier

text: arresting

text: cables

text: and

text: a

text: tailhook

text: on

text: their

text: aircraft

question: What is a more fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?

answer: using the ramp and a running start

text: using the ramp and a running start

question: What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off vertically?

answer: STOVL

text: STOVL

question: What landing aircraft have removed the need for arresting cables?

answer: vertical

text: vertical

question: What do Russian carriers include for launching lightly loaded conventional fighters?

answer: a ski-jump ramp

text: a ski-jump ramp

question: What do Russian carriers still use to recover?

answer: traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft

text: traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft


text: New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: and

text: Major

text: League

text: Soccer

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: hosts

text: the

text: most

text: sports

text: teams

text: in

text: these

text: five

text: professional

text: leagues

text: Participation

text: in

text: professional

text: sports

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: predates

text: all

text: professional

text: leagues

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: continuously

text: hosting

text: professional

text: sports

text: since

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: Dodgers

text: in

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: played

text: host

text: to

text: over

text: forty

text: major

text: professional

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: five

text: sports

text: and

text: their

text: respective

text: competing

text: leagues

text: both

text: current

text: and

text: historic

text: Four

text: of

text: the

text: ten

text: most

text: expensive

text: stadiums

text: ever

text: built

text: worldwide

text: MetLife

text: Stadium

text: the

text: new

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Garden

text: and

text: Citi

text: Field

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Garden

text: its

text: predecessor

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: and

text: Ebbets

text: Field

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: sporting

text: venues

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: having

text: been

text: commemorated

text: on

text: U.S.

text: postage

text: stamps

question: The Brooklyn Dodgers were created in what year?

answer: 1882

question: Which four of the world's most expensive stadiums are located in NYC?

answer: MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field

text: MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field

question: Which two sports stadiums of New York City were featured on US stamps?

answer: the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field

text: the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field

question: In what year were the Brooklyn Dodgers founded?

answer: 1882

question: What professional soccer organization is headquartered in New York?

answer: Major League Soccer

text: Major League Soccer

question: How many professional sports leagues have their headquarters in New York?

answer: five

text: five

question: About how many major professional sports teams have been based at one time or another in New York?

answer: forty

text: forty


text: Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: is

text: located

text: mi

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Phoenix

text: and

text: mi

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Mexico

text: border

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: puts

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: with

text: a

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: population

text: at

text: In

text: Tucson

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: A

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Arizona

text: Sun

text: Corridor

text: Tucson

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: southern

text: Arizona

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: Phoenix

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Gadsden

text: Purchase

text: As

text: of

text: The

text: Greater

text: Tucson

text: Metro

text: area

text: has

text: exceeded

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: million

question: How many miles is Tuscon from Phoenix?

answer: 118

question: How many miles is Tuscon from the US - Mexico border?

answer: 60

question: What is the second largest city in Arizona?

answer: Tucson

text: Tucson

question: Where does Tuscon rank in terms of the largest city in the U.S. in 2009?

answer: 32nd

question: What area exceeded 1 million people in 2015?

answer: Greater Tucson Metro

text: Greater Tucson Metro

question: What is Tucson's city population in 2010?

answer: 520,116

question: What is Tucson's metro area population in 2010?

answer: 980,263

question: How does Tucson rank among US cities?

answer: 32nd largest

text: 32nd largest

question: How does Tucson rank among US metro areas?

answer: 52nd largest

text: 52nd largest

question: What is Tucson's metro area population in 2015?

answer: 1 million

text: 1 million


text: From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: From

text: to

text: titles

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: Estonian

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: titles

text: which

text: were

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: needed

question: In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?

answer: 23,868

question: In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?

answer: 14,503

question: In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?

answer: Estonian

text: Estonian


text: Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the program over and over again until some internal condition is met. This is called the flow of control within the program and it is what allows the computer to perform tasks repeatedly without human intervention.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Program

text: execution

text: might

text: be

text: likened

text: to

text: reading

text: a

text: book

text: While

text: a

text: person

text: will

text: normally

text: read

text: each

text: word

text: and

text: line

text: in

text: sequence

text: they

text: may

text: at

text: times

text: jump

text: back

text: to

text: an

text: earlier

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: text

text: or

text: skip

text: sections

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: of

text: interest

text: Similarly

text: a

text: computer

text: may

text: sometimes

text: go

text: back

text: and

text: repeat

text: the

text: instructions

text: in

text: some

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: over

text: and

text: over

text: again

text: until

text: some

text: internal

text: condition

text: is

text: met

text: This

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: control

text: within

text: the

text: program

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: what

text: allows

text: the

text: computer

text: to

text: perform

text: tasks

text: repeatedly

text: without

text: human

text: intervention

question: When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what?

answer: the flow of control

text: the flow of control

question: What allows a computer to perform repetitive tasks without human intervening?

answer: the flow of control

text: the flow of control


text: Japan: The event was held in Nagano, which hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics, on April 26. Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji, which was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano, refused to host the torch and pulled out of the relay plans, amid speculation that monks there sympathized with anti-Chinese government protesters. as well as the risk of disruption by violent protests. Parts of Zenkō-ji temple's main building (Zenkō-ji Hondō), reconstructed in 1707 and one of the National Treasures of Japan, was then vandalized with spraypaint. A new starting point, previously the site of a municipal building and now a parking lot, was chosen by the city. An event the city had planned to hold at the Minami Nagano Sports Park following the torch relay was also canceled out of concern about disruptions caused by demonstrators protesting against China's recent crackdown in Tibet. Thousands of riot police were mobilized to protect the torch along its route. The show of force kept most protesters in check, but slogans shouted by pro-China or pro-Tibet demonstrators, Japanese nationalists, and human rights organizations flooded the air. Five men were arrested and four injured amidst scenes of mob violence. The torch route was packed with mostly peaceful demonstrators. The public was not allowed at the parking lot where the relay started. After the Zenkoji monks held a prayer ceremony for victims of the recent events in Tibet. More than 100 police officers ran with the torch and riot police lined the streets while three helicopters flew above. Only two Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch because of Japan's concern over their treatment of demonstrators at previous relays. A man with a Tibetan flag tried to stop the torch at the beginning of the relay but was dragged off by police. Some raw eggs were also thrown from the crowd.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Japan

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Nagano

text: which

text: hosted

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: on

text: April

text: Japanese

text: Buddhist

text: temple

text: Zenkō

text: ji

text: which

text: was

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: starting

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: relay

text: in

text: Nagano

text: refused

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: torch

text: and

text: pulled

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: plans

text: amid

text: speculation

text: that

text: monks

text: there

text: sympathized

text: with

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: government

text: protesters

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: disruption

text: by

text: violent

text: protests

text: Parts

text: of

text: Zenkō

text: ji

text: temple

text: 's

text: main

text: building

text: Zenkō

text: ji

text: Hondō

text: reconstructed

text: in

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Treasures

text: of

text: Japan

text: was

text: then

text: vandalized

text: with

text: spraypaint

text: A

text: new

text: starting

text: point

text: previously

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: a

text: municipal

text: building

text: and

text: now

text: a

text: parking

text: lot

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: An

text: event

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: planned

text: to

text: hold

text: at

text: the

text: Minami

text: Nagano

text: Sports

text: Park

text: following

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: was

text: also

text: canceled

text: out

text: of

text: concern

text: about

text: disruptions

text: caused

text: by

text: demonstrators

text: protesting

text: against

text: China

text: 's

text: recent

text: crackdown

text: in

text: Tibet

text: Thousands

text: of

text: riot

text: police

text: were

text: mobilized

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: torch

text: along

text: its

text: route

text: The

text: show

text: of

text: force

text: kept

text: most

text: protesters

text: in

text: check

text: but

text: slogans

text: shouted

text: by

text: pro

text: China

text: or

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: demonstrators

text: Japanese

text: nationalists

text: and

text: human

text: rights

text: organizations

text: flooded

text: the

text: air

text: Five

text: men

text: were

text: arrested

text: and

text: four

text: injured

text: amidst

text: scenes

text: of

text: mob

text: violence

text: The

text: torch

text: route

text: was

text: packed

text: with

text: mostly

text: peaceful

text: demonstrators

text: The

text: public

text: was

text: not

text: allowed

text: at

text: the

text: parking

text: lot

text: where

text: the

text: relay

text: started

text: After

text: the

text: Zenkoji

text: monks

text: held

text: a

text: prayer

text: ceremony

text: for

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: recent

text: events

text: in

text: Tibet

text: More

text: than

text: police

text: officers

text: ran

text: with

text: the

text: torch

text: and

text: riot

text: police

text: lined

text: the

text: streets

text: while

text: three

text: helicopters

text: flew

text: above

text: Only

text: two

text: Chinese

text: guards

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: accompany

text: the

text: torch

text: because

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: concern

text: over

text: their

text: treatment

text: of

text: demonstrators

text: at

text: previous

text: relays

text: A

text: man

text: with

text: a

text: Tibetan

text: flag

text: tried

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: torch

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: but

text: was

text: dragged

text: off

text: by

text: police

text: Some

text: raw

text: eggs

text: were

text: also

text: thrown

text: from

text: the

text: crowd

question: Who hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics?

answer: Nagano

text: Nagano

question: When did the torch arrive in Nagano?

answer: April 26

text: April 26

question: Where was the torch relay held in Japan?

answer: Nagano

text: Nagano

question: Which Olympics did Nagano host?

answer: 1998 Winter Olympics

text: 1998 Winter Olympics

question: What location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in Nagano?

answer: Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji

text: Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji

question: When monks pulled out of the event, where was the new starting point for the relay?

answer: a municipal building

text: a municipal building

question: How many Chinese guards were allowed to go with the torch?

answer: two

text: two


text: UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of racial preferences in law schools. He noted that, prior to his article, there had been no comprehensive study on the effects of affirmative action. The article presents a study that shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States would grow by eight percent if affirmative action programs at all law schools were ended. Less qualified black students would attend less prestigious schools where they would be more closely matched in abilities with their classmates and thus perform relatively better. Sander helped to develop a socioeconomically-based affirmative action plan for the UCLA School of Law after the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996, which prohibited the use of racial preferences by public universities in California. This change occurred after studies showed that the graduation rate of blacks at UCLA was 41%, compared to 73% for whites.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: UCLA

text: professor

text: Richard

text: H.

text: Sander

text: published

text: an

text: article

text: in

text: the

text: November

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: Stanford

text: Law

text: Review

text: that

text: questioned

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: racial

text: preferences

text: in

text: law

text: schools

text: He

text: noted

text: that

text: prior

text: to

text: his

text: article

text: there

text: had

text: been

text: no

text: comprehensive

text: study

text: on

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: The

text: article

text: presents

text: a

text: study

text: that

text: shows

text: that

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: black

text: law

text: students

text: rank

text: near

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: their

text: class

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: law

text: school

text: and

text: that

text: black

text: law

text: students

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: drop

text: out

text: of

text: law

text: school

text: and

text: to

text: fail

text: the

text: bar

text: exam

text: The

text: article

text: offers

text: a

text: tentative

text: estimate

text: that

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: new

text: black

text: lawyers

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: would

text: grow

text: by

text: eight

text: percent

text: if

text: affirmative

text: action

text: programs

text: at

text: all

text: law

text: schools

text: were

text: ended

text: Less

text: qualified

text: black

text: students

text: would

text: attend

text: less

text: prestigious

text: schools

text: where

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: closely

text: matched

text: in

text: abilities

text: with

text: their

text: classmates

text: and

text: thus

text: perform

text: relatively

text: better

text: Sander

text: helped

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: socioeconomically

text: based

text: affirmative

text: action

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: UCLA

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: after

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: Proposition

text: in

text: which

text: prohibited

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: racial

text: preferences

text: by

text: public

text: universities

text: in

text: California

text: This

text: change

text: occurred

text: after

text: studies

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: graduation

text: rate

text: of

text: blacks

text: at

text: UCLA

text: was

text: compared

text: to

text: for

text: whites

question: To which university does Richard H. Sander belong?

answer: UCLA

text: UCLA

question: In which publication did Sander publish an article questioning racial preferences in law schools?

answer: Stanford Law Review

text: Stanford Law Review

question: What did Sander's study show in terms of black law students rankings?

answer: half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school

text: half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school

question: How much does the article estimate the black lawyer population would potentially grow if affirmative action was ended?

answer: eight percent

text: eight percent

question: Which legislative work prohibited the use of racial preferences for admissions in the state of California?

answer: Proposition 209

text: Proposition 209


text: The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers, both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow Fund of Detroit. In March 2009, the two newspapers reduced home delivery to three days a week, print reduced newsstand issues of the papers on non-delivery days and focus resources on Internet-based news delivery. The Metro Times, founded in 1980, is a weekly publication, covering news, arts & entertainment.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: Detroit

text: Free

text: Press

text: and

text: The

text: Detroit

text: News

text: are

text: the

text: major

text: daily

text: newspapers

text: both

text: broadsheet

text: publications

text: published

text: together

text: under

text: a

text: joint

text: operating

text: agreement

text: called

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Newspaper

text: Partnership

text: Media

text: philanthropy

text: includes

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Free

text: Press

text: high

text: school

text: journalism

text: program

text: and

text: the

text: Old

text: Newsboys

text: Goodfellow

text: Fund

text: of

text: Detroit

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: two

text: newspapers

text: reduced

text: home

text: delivery

text: to

text: three

text: days

text: a

text: week

text: print

text: reduced

text: newsstand

text: issues

text: of

text: the

text: papers

text: on

text: non

text: delivery

text: days

text: and

text: focus

text: resources

text: on

text: Internet

text: based

text: news

text: delivery

text: The

text: Metro

text: Times

text: founded

text: in

text: is

text: a

text: weekly

text: publication

text: covering

text: news

text: arts

text: entertainment

question: Under which agreement are Detroit's major newspapers published?

answer: Detroit Newspaper Partnership

text: Detroit Newspaper Partnership

question: When was The Metro Times founded?

answer: 1980

question: In what year did Detroit's two major newspapers reduce home delivery?

answer: 2009


text: Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: As

text: of

text: Around

text: million

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: fifth

text: of

text: them

text: million

text: on

text: the

text: Indonesian

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: religions

text: and

text: people

text: is

text: diverse

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: varies

text: by

text: country

text: Some

text: million

text: overseas

text: Chinese

text: also

text: live

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: most

text: prominently

text: in

text: Christmas

text: Island

text: Indonesia

text: Malaysia

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Thailand

text: and

text: also

text: as

text: the

text: Hoa

text: in

text: Vietnam

question: What is the approximate area of Southeast Asia?

answer: 4,000,000 km2

text: 4,000,000 km2

question: Among the Southeast Asian countries, which one is densely populated?

answer: Indonesia

text: Indonesia

question: Which Island in Southeast Asia is densely populated?

answer: Java

text: Java


text: The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuvalu. The new AM radio transmitter on Funafuti replaced the FM radio service to the outer islands and freed up satellite bandwidth for mobile services. Fenui – news from Tuvalu is a free digital publication of the Tuvalu Media Department that is emailed to subscribers and operates a Facebook page, which publishes news about government activities and news about Tuvaluan events, such as a special edition covering the results of the 2015 general election.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: Tuvalu

text: Media

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: operates

text: Radio

text: Tuvalu

text: which

text: broadcasts

text: from

text: Funafuti

text: In

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: provided

text: financial

text: support

text: to

text: construct

text: a

text: new

text: AM

text: broadcast

text: studio

text: The

text: installation

text: of

text: upgraded

text: transmission

text: equipment

text: allows

text: Radio

text: Tuvalu

text: to

text: be

text: heard

text: on

text: all

text: nine

text: islands

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: The

text: new

text: AM

text: radio

text: transmitter

text: on

text: Funafuti

text: replaced

text: the

text: FM

text: radio

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: and

text: freed

text: up

text: satellite

text: bandwidth

text: for

text: mobile

text: services

text: Fenui

text: news

text: from

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: a

text: free

text: digital

text: publication

text: of

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Media

text: Department

text: that

text: is

text: emailed

text: to

text: subscribers

text: and

text: operates

text: a

text: Facebook

text: page

text: which

text: publishes

text: news

text: about

text: government

text: activities

text: and

text: news

text: about

text: Tuvaluan

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: special

text: edition

text: covering

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: election

question: What is the radio station on Tuvalu?

answer: Radio Tuvalu

text: Radio Tuvalu

question: From where does Radio Tuvalu broadcast?

answer: Funafuti

text: Funafuti

question: Who gave financial support to Tuvalu to upgrade transmission equipment?

answer: Japanese government

text: Japanese government

question: What did the new radio equipment replace with AM service?

answer: FM radio

text: FM radio

question: What service got more bandwidth from the transmission upgrade?

answer: mobile

text: mobile


text: The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide. Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories, including mixed and women's organisations. The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit. This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: Freemasonry

text: considers

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Continental

text: strand

text: to

text: be

text: Irregular

text: and

text: thus

text: withhold

text: recognition

text: For

text: the

text: Continental

text: lodges

text: however

text: having

text: a

text: different

text: approach

text: to

text: Freemasonry

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: reason

text: for

text: severing

text: masonic

text: ties

text: In

text: an

text: umbrella

text: organisation

text: Centre

text: de

text: Liaison

text: et

text: d'Information

text: des

text: Puissances

text: maçonniques

text: Signataires

text: de

text: l'Appel

text: de

text: Strasbourg

text: CLIPSAS

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: which

text: today

text: provides

text: a

text: forum

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: and

text: Grand

text: Orients

text: worldwide

text: Included

text: in

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: over

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: and

text: Grand

text: Orients

text: are

text: representatives

text: of

text: all

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: above

text: categories

text: including

text: mixed

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: organisations

text: The

text: United

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: England

text: does

text: not

text: communicate

text: with

text: any

text: of

text: these

text: jurisdictions

text: and

text: expects

text: its

text: allies

text: to

text: follow

text: suit

text: This

text: creates

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: Anglo

text: American

text: and

text: Continental

text: Freemasonry

question: Why was the Centre de Liasion et d'information des Puissances maconniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg set up?

answer: provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide

text: provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide

question: When was CLIPSAS set up?

answer: 1961

question: What are two major sections of Freemasonry?

answer: Anglo-American and Continental

text: Anglo-American and Continental

question: What is the Continental Strand consideres to be by most of Freemasonry?

answer: Irregular

text: Irregular

question: What strand is considered to be irregular by the majority of Freemasons?

answer: the Liberal (Continental) strand

text: the Liberal (Continental) strand

question: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?

answer: 1961

question: How many Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are listed in the CLIPSAS list?

answer: 70

question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England communicate with any of the 70 lodges on the CLIPSAS list?

answer: does not communicate

text: does not communicate


text: The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940. In August of 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities ("points and lines"), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: war

text: entered

text: a

text: new

text: phase

text: with

text: the

text: unprecedented

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: at

text: Battle

text: of

text: Suixian

text: Zaoyang

text: and

text: Battle

text: of

text: Changsha

text: After

text: these

text: victories

text: Chinese

text: nationalist

text: forces

text: launched

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: counter

text: offensive

text: in

text: early

text: however

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: low

text: military

text: industrial

text: capacity

text: it

text: was

text: repulsed

text: by

text: Japanese

text: army

text: in

text: late

text: March

text: In

text: August

text: of

text: Chinese

text: communists

text: launched

text: an

text: offensive

text: in

text: Central

text: China

text: in

text: retaliation

text: Japan

text: instituted

text: the

text: Three

text: Alls

text: Policy

text: Kill

text: all

text: Burn

text: all

text: Loot

text: all

text: in

text: occupied

text: areas

text: to

text: reduce

text: human

text: and

text: material

text: resources

text: for

text: the

text: communists

text: By

text: the

text: conflict

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: stalemate

text: Although

text: Japan

text: had

text: occupied

text: much

text: of

text: northern

text: central

text: and

text: coastal

text: China

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: Government

text: had

text: retreated

text: to

text: the

text: interior

text: with

text: a

text: provisional

text: capital

text: set

text: up

text: at

text: Chungking

text: while

text: the

text: Chinese

text: communists

text: remained

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: base

text: areas

text: in

text: Shaanxi

text: In

text: addition

text: Japanese

text: control

text: of

text: northern

text: and

text: central

text: China

text: was

text: somewhat

text: tenuous

text: in

text: that

text: Japan

text: was

text: usually

text: able

text: to

text: control

text: railroads

text: and

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: points

text: and

text: lines

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: major

text: military

text: or

text: administrative

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: vast

text: Chinese

text: countryside

text: The

text: Japanese

text: found

text: its

text: aggression

text: against

text: the

text: retreating

text: and

text: regrouping

text: Chinese

text: army

text: was

text: stalled

text: by

text: the

text: mountainous

text: terrain

text: in

text: southwestern

text: China

text: while

text: the

text: Communists

text: organised

text: widespread

text: guerrilla

text: and

text: saboteur

text: activities

text: in

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: China

text: behind

text: the

text: Japanese

text: front

text: line

question: Why did the Chinese ultimately fail in its counter offensives?

answer: low military-industrial capacity

text: low military-industrial capacity

question: What policy did Japan adopt to retaliate against China?

answer: "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all")

text: "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all")

question: What slowed the Japanese in their attacks on China?

answer: mountainous terrain

text: mountainous terrain

question: In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?

answer: Chungking

text: Chungking

question: What was Japan's "Three Alls Policy"?

answer: "Kill all, Burn all, Loot all"

text: "Kill all, Burn all, Loot all"

question: What year did China and Japan reach a stalemate?

answer: 1941

question: Where was the Chinese provisional capital?

answer: Chungking

text: Chungking

question: What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese?

answer: mountainous terrain

text: mountainous terrain

question: What group organised guerrilla warfare against the Japanese in China?

answer: Communists

text: Communists


text: The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a trumpet) and "rain" tubes. No remnants of pre-Columbian stringed instruments were found until archaeologists discovered a jar in Guatemala, attributed to the Maya of the Late Classic Era (600–900 CE), which depicts a stringed musical instrument which has since been reproduced. This instrument is one of the very few stringed instruments known in the Americas prior to the introduction of European musical instruments; when played it produces a sound virtually identical to a jaguar's growl.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: Central

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Central

text: America

text: was

text: often

text: pentatonic

text: Before

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: and

text: other

text: Europeans

text: music

text: was

text: inseparable

text: from

text: religious

text: festivities

text: and

text: included

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: percussion

text: and

text: wind

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: drums

text: flutes

text: sea

text: snail

text: shells

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: trumpet

text: and

text: rain

text: tubes

text: No

text: remnants

text: of

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: stringed

text: instruments

text: were

text: found

text: until

text: archaeologists

text: discovered

text: a

text: jar

text: in

text: Guatemala

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: Maya

text: of

text: the

text: Late

text: Classic

text: Era

text: CE

text: which

text: depicts

text: a

text: stringed

text: musical

text: instrument

text: which

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: reproduced

text: This

text: instrument

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: few

text: stringed

text: instruments

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: European

text: musical

text: instruments

text: when

text: played

text: it

text: produces

text: a

text: sound

text: virtually

text: identical

text: to

text: a

text: jaguar

text: 's

text: growl

question: What feature did the music of Central America have?

answer: pentatonic

text: pentatonic

question: What role did music play in the religious festivities?

answer: inseparable from

text: inseparable from

question: What instruments were used to make music by the Central Americans?

answer: large variety of percussion and wind

text: large variety of percussion and wind

question: Where did archaeologists find a depiction of a Mayan stringed instrument?

answer: a jar in Guatemala

text: a jar in Guatemala

question: What did the Mayan's stringed instrument sound like when played?

answer: a jaguar's growl

text: a jaguar's growl


text: On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: On

text: November

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: students

text: seized

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Embassy

text: and

text: took

text: the

text: embassy

text: with

text: personnel

text: and

text: citizens

text: hostage

text: after

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: refused

text: to

text: return

text: Mohammad

text: Reza

text: Pahlavi

text: to

text: Iran

text: to

text: face

text: trial

text: in

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: regime

text: Attempts

text: by

text: the

text: Jimmy

text: Carter

text: administration

text: to

text: negotiate

text: for

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: hostages

text: and

text: a

text: failed

text: rescue

text: attempt

text: helped

text: force

text: Carter

text: out

text: of

text: office

text: and

text: brought

text: Ronald

text: Reagan

text: to

text: power

text: On

text: Jimmy

text: Carter

text: 's

text: final

text: day

text: in

text: office

text: the

text: last

text: hostages

text: were

text: finally

text: set

text: free

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Algiers

text: Accords

question: Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979?

answer: a group of students

text: a group of students

question: When was the US Embassy in Iran seized?

answer: November 4, 1979

text: November 4, 1979

question: ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty?

answer: Algiers Accords

text: Algiers Accords

question: Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation?

answer: Ronald Reagan

text: Ronald Reagan

question: How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure?

answer: 52 personnel and citizens

text: 52 personnel and citizens


text: Paris is located in northern central France. By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-east of Rouen. Paris is located in the north-bending arc of the river Seine and includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream of the city, established around 7600 BC. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft). Montmartre gained its name from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, first bishop of Paris, atop the Mons Martyrum, "Martyr's mound", in 250.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: northern

text: central

text: France

text: By

text: road

text: it

text: is

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: London

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: south

text: of

text: Calais

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Brussels

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: north

text: of

text: Marseille

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Nantes

text: and

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Rouen

text: Paris

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: bending

text: arc

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Seine

text: and

text: includes

text: two

text: islands

text: the

text: Île

text: Saint

text: Louis

text: and

text: the

text: larger

text: Île

text: de

text: la

text: Cité

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: oldest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: river

text: 's

text: mouth

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: La

text: Manche

text: is

text: about

text: mi

text: km

text: downstream

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: established

text: around

text: BC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: spread

text: widely

text: on

text: both

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Overall

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: relatively

text: flat

text: and

text: the

text: lowest

text: point

text: is

text: m

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Paris

text: has

text: several

text: prominent

text: hills

text: the

text: highest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: Montmartre

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: Montmartre

text: gained

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: martyrdom

text: of

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: first

text: bishop

text: of

text: Paris

text: atop

text: the

text: Mons

text: Martyrum

text: Martyr

text: 's

text: mound

text: in

question: Where in France is Paris located?

answer: northern central

text: northern central

question: How many kilometers is it away from London?

answer: 450

question: What major river is located in Paris?

answer: Seine

text: Seine

question: What is the largest island in Paris?

answer: Île de la Cité

text: Île de la Cité

question: What is the largest hill in Paris?

answer: Montmartre

text: Montmartre


text: The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on September 3, 2005, with 16 stations and a length of 21.72 km. Line 2 and the 24.5 km-long south extension of Line 1 officially opened to passenger service on May 28, 2010. At present, Nanjing has a metro system with a grand total of 223.6 kilometers (138.9 mi) of route and 121 stations. They are Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 10, Line S1 and Line S8. The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and light-rail system by 2030. The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate the intracity transportation and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: boasts

text: an

text: efficient

text: network

text: of

text: public

text: transportation

text: which

text: mainly

text: consists

text: of

text: bus

text: taxi

text: and

text: metro

text: systems

text: The

text: bus

text: network

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: run

text: by

text: three

text: companies

text: since

text: provides

text: more

text: than

text: routes

text: covering

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: suburban

text: areas

text: Nanjing

text: Metro

text: Line

text: started

text: service

text: on

text: September

text: with

text: stations

text: and

text: a

text: length

text: of

text: km

text: Line

text: and

text: the

text: km

text: long

text: south

text: extension

text: of

text: Line

text: officially

text: opened

text: to

text: passenger

text: service

text: on

text: May

text: At

text: present

text: Nanjing

text: has

text: a

text: metro

text: system

text: with

text: a

text: grand

text: total

text: of

text: kilometers

text: mi

text: of

text: route

text: and

text: stations

text: They

text: are

text: Line

text: Line

text: Line

text: Line

text: Line

text: and

text: Line

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: planning

text: to

text: complete

text: a

text: Metro

text: and

text: light

text: rail

text: system

text: by

text: The

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Metro

text: network

text: will

text: greatly

text: facilitate

text: the

text: intracity

text: transportation

text: and

text: reduce

text: the

text: currently

text: heavy

text: traffic

text: congestion

question: What are the main types of public transportation?

answer: bus, taxi and metro systems

text: bus, taxi and metro systems

question: How many companies are involved with the network of buses?

answer: three companies

text: three companies

question: How many stations are there in total in the Nanjing metro system?

answer: 121 stations

text: 121 stations

question: When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line?

answer: 2030

question: How many bus routes are there in Nanjing?

answer: more than 370 routes

text: more than 370 routes


text: Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

text: on

text: average

text: is

text: the

text: coldest

text: driest

text: and

text: windiest

text: continent

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: average

text: elevation

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: continents

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: desert

text: with

text: annual

text: precipitation

text: of

text: only

text: mm

text: in

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: and

text: far

text: less

text: inland

text: The

text: temperature

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: has

text: reached

text: C

text: F

text: though

text: the

text: average

text: for

text: the

text: third

text: quarter

text: the

text: coldest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: permanent

text: human

text: residents

text: but

text: anywhere

text: from

text: to

text: people

text: reside

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: at

text: the

text: research

text: stations

text: scattered

text: across

text: the

text: continent

text: Organisms

text: native

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: include

text: many

text: types

text: of

text: algae

text: bacteria

text: fungi

text: plants

text: protista

text: and

text: certain

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: mites

text: nematodes

text: penguins

text: seals

text: and

text: tardigrades

text: Vegetation

text: where

text: it

text: occurs

text: is

text: tundra

question: What type of land is Antarctica considered to be?

answer: desert

text: desert

question: What is Antarctica's annual precipitation along the coast?

answer: 200 mm (8 in)

text: 200 mm (8 in)

question: What is Antarctica's average temperature during the coldest part of the year?

answer: −63 °C (−81 °F)

text: −63 °C (−81 °F)

question: Approximately how many people live throughout the year at research stations across Antarctica?

answer: anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000

text: anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000

question: What are some animals native to Antarctica?

answer: mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades

text: mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades

question: Which continent is the highest in elevation?

answer: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

question: What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?

answer: 200 mm

text: 200 mm

question: What is the average coldest temperature?

answer: −63 °C

text: −63 °C

question: What is the coldest recorded temperature?

answer: −89.2 °C

text: −89.2 °C

question: Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica?

answer: tundra

text: tundra


text: Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social "self". The pastiche personality abandons all aspirations toward a true or "essential" identity, instead viewing social interactions as opportunities to play out, and hence become, the roles they play. Finally, the relational self is a perspective by which persons abandon all sense of exclusive self, and view all sense of identity in terms of social engagement with others. For Gergen, these strategies follow one another in phases, and they are linked to the increase in popularity of postmodern culture and the rise of telecommunications technology.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: Kenneth

text: Gergen

text: formulated

text: additional

text: classifications

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: strategic

text: manipulator

text: the

text: pastiche

text: personality

text: and

text: the

text: relational

text: self

text: The

text: strategic

text: manipulator

text: is

text: a

text: person

text: who

text: begins

text: to

text: regard

text: all

text: senses

text: of

text: identity

text: merely

text: as

text: role

text: playing

text: exercises

text: and

text: who

text: gradually

text: becomes

text: alienated

text: from

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: social

text: self

text: The

text: pastiche

text: personality

text: abandons

text: all

text: aspirations

text: toward

text: a

text: true

text: or

text: essential

text: identity

text: instead

text: viewing

text: social

text: interactions

text: as

text: opportunities

text: to

text: play

text: out

text: and

text: hence

text: become

text: the

text: roles

text: they

text: play

text: Finally

text: the

text: relational

text: self

text: is

text: a

text: perspective

text: by

text: which

text: persons

text: abandon

text: all

text: sense

text: of

text: exclusive

text: self

text: and

text: view

text: all

text: sense

text: of

text: identity

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: social

text: engagement

text: with

text: others

text: For

text: Gergen

text: these

text: strategies

text: follow

text: one

text: another

text: in

text: phases

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: popularity

text: of

text: postmodern

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: telecommunications

text: technology

question: Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self?

answer: Kenneth Gergen

text: Kenneth Gergen

question: In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self?

answer: The strategic manipulator

text: The strategic manipulator

question: In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself?

answer: The pastiche personality

text: The pastiche personality

question: In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement?

answer: the relational self

text: the relational self

question: The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture?

answer: postmodern culture

text: postmodern culture


text: In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense.[citation needed]

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: military

text: efforts

text: abroad

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Bush

text: Administration

text: increased

text: domestic

text: efforts

text: to

text: prevent

text: future

text: attacks

text: Various

text: government

text: bureaucracies

text: that

text: handled

text: security

text: and

text: military

text: functions

text: were

text: reorganized

text: A

text: new

text: cabinet

text: level

text: agency

text: called

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Homeland

text: Security

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: November

text: to

text: lead

text: and

text: coordinate

text: the

text: largest

text: reorganization

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: federal

text: government

text: since

text: the

text: consolidation

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: into

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense.[citation

text: needed

question: What new agency did Bush create after 9/11?

answer: Department of Homeland Security

text: Department of Homeland Security

question: When was the DHS created?

answer: November 2002

text: November 2002

question: What other massive agency's creation was the DHS compared to?

answer: the Department of Defense

text: the Department of Defense

question: What did the DHS focus on?

answer: domestic efforts to prevent future attacks

text: domestic efforts to prevent future attacks


text: The region also experiences occasional periods of drought, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use by residents. During the late summer and early fall, Raleigh can experience hurricanes. In 1996, Hurricane Fran caused severe damage in the Raleigh area, mostly from falling trees. The most recent hurricane to have a considerable effect on the area was Isabel in 2003. Tornadoes also have on occasion affected the city of Raleigh most notably the November 28, 1988 tornado which occurred in the early morning hours and rated an F4 on the Fujita Tornado Scale and affected Northwestern portions of the city. Also the April 16, 2011 F3 Tornado which affected portions of downtown and North east Raleigh and the suburb of Holly Springs.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: The

text: region

text: also

text: experiences

text: occasional

text: periods

text: of

text: drought

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: sometimes

text: has

text: restricted

text: water

text: use

text: by

text: residents

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: summer

text: and

text: early

text: fall

text: Raleigh

text: can

text: experience

text: hurricanes

text: In

text: Hurricane

text: Fran

text: caused

text: severe

text: damage

text: in

text: the

text: Raleigh

text: area

text: mostly

text: from

text: falling

text: trees

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: hurricane

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: considerable

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: area

text: was

text: Isabel

text: in

text: Tornadoes

text: also

text: have

text: on

text: occasion

text: affected

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Raleigh

text: most

text: notably

text: the

text: November

text: tornado

text: which

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: morning

text: hours

text: and

text: rated

text: an

text: on

text: the

text: Fujita

text: Tornado

text: Scale

text: and

text: affected

text: Northwestern

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Also

text: the

text: April

text: Tornado

text: which

text: affected

text: portions

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: North

text: east

text: Raleigh

text: and

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Holly

text: Springs

question: What does the area experience?

answer: drought

text: drought

question: How does drought effect the city?

answer: restricted water use

text: restricted water use

question: When does Raleigh experience hurricanes?

answer: late summer and early fall

text: late summer and early fall

question: What was the name of the hurricane in 2003?

answer: Isabel

text: Isabel

question: How big was the tornado in 2011?

answer: F3