text: The name Anabaptist, meaning "one who baptizes again", was given them by their persecutors in reference to the practice of re-baptizing converts who already had been baptized as infants. Anabaptists required that baptismal candidates be able to make their own confessions of faith and so rejected baptism of infants. The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism. As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.[aa] While most Anabaptists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount, which precluded taking oaths, participating in military actions, and participating in civil government, some who practiced re-baptism felt otherwise.[ab] They were thus technically Anabaptists, even though conservative Amish, Mennonites, and Hutterites and some historians tend to consider them as outside of true Anabaptism. Anabaptist reformers of the Radical Reformation are diveded into Radical and the so-called Second Front. Some important Radical Reformation theologians were John of Leiden, Thomas Müntzer, Kaspar Schwenkfeld, Sebastian Franck, Menno Simons. Second Front Reformers included Hans Denck, Conrad Grebel, Balthasar Hubmaier and Felix Manz.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: name

text: Anabaptist

text: meaning

text: one

text: who

text: baptizes

text: again

text: was

text: given

text: them

text: by

text: their

text: persecutors

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: re

text: baptizing

text: converts

text: who

text: already

text: had

text: been

text: baptized

text: as

text: infants

text: Anabaptists

text: required

text: that

text: baptismal

text: candidates

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: their

text: own

text: confessions

text: of

text: faith

text: and

text: so

text: rejected

text: baptism

text: of

text: infants

text: The

text: early

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: movement

text: did

text: not

text: accept

text: the

text: name

text: Anabaptist

text: claiming

text: that

text: since

text: infant

text: baptism

text: was

text: unscriptural

text: and

text: and

text: void

text: the

text: baptizing

text: of

text: believers

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: re

text: baptism

text: but

text: in

text: fact

text: their

text: first

text: real

text: baptism

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: their

text: views

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: baptism

text: and

text: other

text: issues

text: Anabaptists

text: were

text: heavily

text: persecuted

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: by

text: both

text: Magisterial

text: Protestants

text: and

text: Roman

text: Catholics.[aa

text: While

text: most

text: Anabaptists

text: adhered

text: to

text: a

text: literal

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Sermon

text: on

text: the

text: Mount

text: which

text: precluded

text: taking

text: oaths

text: participating

text: in

text: military

text: actions

text: and

text: participating

text: in

text: civil

text: government

text: some

text: who

text: practiced

text: re

text: baptism

text: felt

text: otherwise.[ab

text: They

text: were

text: thus

text: technically

text: Anabaptists

text: even

text: though

text: conservative

text: Amish

text: Mennonites

text: and

text: Hutterites

text: and

text: some

text: historians

text: tend

text: to

text: consider

text: them

text: as

text: outside

text: of

text: true

text: Anabaptism

text: Anabaptist

text: reformers

text: of

text: the

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: are

text: diveded

text: into

text: Radical

text: and

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Second

text: Front

text: Some

text: important

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: theologians

text: were

text: John

text: of

text: Leiden

text: Thomas

text: Müntzer

text: Kaspar

text: Schwenkfeld

text: Sebastian

text: Franck

text: Menno

text: Simons

text: Second

text: Front

text: Reformers

text: included

text: Hans

text: Denck

text: Conrad

text: Grebel

text: Balthasar

text: Hubmaier

text: and

text: Felix

text: Manz

question: What does the word Anabaptist describe?

answer: one who baptizes again

text: one who baptizes again

question: Who named the Anabaptists?

answer: their persecutors

text: their persecutors

question: What baptism do Anabaptists reject?

answer: baptism of infants

text: baptism of infants

question: Who persecuted the Anabaptists in the 16th century?

answer: Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics

text: Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics

question: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?

answer: Second Front Reformers

text: Second Front Reformers


text: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain and, thus, make this classification problematic. A carnivore may eat both secondary and tertiary consumers, and its prey may itself be difficult to classify for similar reasons. Organisms showing both carnivory and herbivory are known as omnivores. Even herbivores such as the giant panda may supplement their diet with meat. Scavenging of carrion provides a significant part of the diet of some of the most fearsome predators. Carnivorous plants would be very difficult to fit into this classification, producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap. Organisms that eat detritivores or parasites would also be difficult to classify by such a scheme.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: Many

text: organisms

text: of

text: which

text: humans

text: are

text: prime

text: examples

text: eat

text: from

text: multiple

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: food

text: chain

text: and

text: thus

text: make

text: this

text: classification

text: problematic

text: A

text: carnivore

text: may

text: eat

text: both

text: secondary

text: and

text: tertiary

text: consumers

text: and

text: its

text: prey

text: may

text: itself

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: classify

text: for

text: similar

text: reasons

text: Organisms

text: showing

text: both

text: carnivory

text: and

text: herbivory

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: omnivores

text: Even

text: herbivores

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: giant

text: panda

text: may

text: supplement

text: their

text: diet

text: with

text: meat

text: Scavenging

text: of

text: carrion

text: provides

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: diet

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: fearsome

text: predators

text: Carnivorous

text: plants

text: would

text: be

text: very

text: difficult

text: to

text: fit

text: into

text: this

text: classification

text: producing

text: their

text: own

text: food

text: but

text: also

text: digesting

text: anything

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: trap

text: Organisms

text: that

text: eat

text: detritivores

text: or

text: parasites

text: would

text: also

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: classify

text: by

text: such

text: a

text: scheme

question: Dead animals that died as a result of natural causes or non-fatal injuries are called?

answer: carrion

text: carrion

question: Why are species can be difficult to classify because they?

answer: eat from multiple levels of the food chain

text: eat from multiple levels of the food chain

question: What are plants that eat both living species and consume sunlight for energy called?

answer: Carnivorous plants

text: Carnivorous plants

question: What are organisms called that show carnivory and herbivory?

answer: omnivores

text: omnivores

question: What can make classification of predators problematic when using a food pyramid?

answer: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain

text: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain

question: Why would carnivourous plants be difficult to classify into a food pyramid?

answer: producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap

text: producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap

question: Would it be easy or difficult to classify organims that eat parasites in a food pyramid?

answer: difficult

text: difficult


text: The Burnside rules closely resembling American Football that were incorporated in 1903 by The ORFU, was an effort to distinguish it from a more rugby-oriented game. The Burnside Rules had teams reduced to 12 men per side, introduced the Snap-Back system, required the offensive team to gain 10 yards on three downs, eliminated the Throw-In from the sidelines, allowed only six men on the line, stated that all goals by kicking were to be worth two points and the opposition was to line up 10 yards from the defenders on all kicks. The rules were an attempt to standardize the rules throughout the country. The CIRFU, QRFU and CRU refused to adopt the new rules at first. Forward passes were not allowed in the Canadian game until 1929, and touchdowns, which had been five points, were increased to six points in 1956, in both cases several decades after the Americans had adopted the same changes. The primary differences between the Canadian and American games stem from rule changes that the American side of the border adopted but the Canadian side did not (originally, both sides had three downs, goal posts on the goal lines and unlimited forward motion, but the American side modified these rules and the Canadians did not). The Canadian field width was one rule that was not based on American rules, as the Canadian game played in wider fields and stadiums that were not as narrow as the American stadiums.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: The

text: Burnside

text: rules

text: closely

text: resembling

text: American

text: Football

text: that

text: were

text: incorporated

text: in

text: by

text: The

text: ORFU

text: was

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: a

text: more

text: rugby

text: oriented

text: game

text: The

text: Burnside

text: Rules

text: had

text: teams

text: reduced

text: to

text: men

text: per

text: side

text: introduced

text: the

text: Snap

text: Back

text: system

text: required

text: the

text: offensive

text: team

text: to

text: gain

text: yards

text: on

text: three

text: downs

text: eliminated

text: the

text: Throw

text: In

text: from

text: the

text: sidelines

text: allowed

text: only

text: six

text: men

text: on

text: the

text: line

text: stated

text: that

text: all

text: goals

text: by

text: kicking

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: worth

text: two

text: points

text: and

text: the

text: opposition

text: was

text: to

text: line

text: up

text: yards

text: from

text: the

text: defenders

text: on

text: all

text: kicks

text: The

text: rules

text: were

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: standardize

text: the

text: rules

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: CIRFU

text: QRFU

text: and

text: CRU

text: refused

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: new

text: rules

text: at

text: first

text: Forward

text: passes

text: were

text: not

text: allowed

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: game

text: until

text: and

text: touchdowns

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: five

text: points

text: were

text: increased

text: to

text: six

text: points

text: in

text: in

text: both

text: cases

text: several

text: decades

text: after

text: the

text: Americans

text: had

text: adopted

text: the

text: same

text: changes

text: The

text: primary

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: Canadian

text: and

text: American

text: games

text: stem

text: from

text: rule

text: changes

text: that

text: the

text: American

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: adopted

text: but

text: the

text: Canadian

text: side

text: did

text: not

text: originally

text: both

text: sides

text: had

text: three

text: downs

text: goal

text: posts

text: on

text: the

text: goal

text: lines

text: and

text: unlimited

text: forward

text: motion

text: but

text: the

text: American

text: side

text: modified

text: these

text: rules

text: and

text: the

text: Canadians

text: did

text: not

text: The

text: Canadian

text: field

text: width

text: was

text: one

text: rule

text: that

text: was

text: not

text: based

text: on

text: American

text: rules

text: as

text: the

text: Canadian

text: game

text: played

text: in

text: wider

text: fields

text: and

text: stadiums

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: as

text: narrow

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: stadiums

question: Which Canadian football rules did the ORFU adopt in 1903?

answer: Burnside

text: Burnside

question: Which three Canadian football unions resisted the Burnside Rules?

answer: CIRFU, QRFU and CRU

text: CIRFU, QRFU and CRU

question: In which year did forward passes become acceptable in Canadian football?

answer: 1929

question: Which style of North American football changed the rules of their game the most from their earliest versions?

answer: American

text: American


text: In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the performance. Managers have sometimes become major personalities, including Bobby Heenan, Paul Heyman, Ernie Roth, and Paul Bearer. A manager role may also be filled by a "valet", typically an appealing female who may participate in love triangle storylines, "damsel in distress" situations, and scripted fights with female wrestlers. Some of these have also gone on to become recognized stars, such as Tammy Lynn Sytch, Stacy Keibler, and Miss Elizabeth.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: a

text: wrestler

text: may

text: possess

text: admirable

text: physical

text: traits

text: but

text: perceived

text: mediocre

text: public

text: speaking

text: abilities

text: such

text: as

text: Brock

text: Lesnar

text: or

text: their

text: gimmick

text: may

text: be

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: wild

text: savage

text: needing

text: a

text: handler

text: such

text: as

text: Kamala

text: Such

text: performers

text: have

text: historically

text: employed

text: a

text: manager

text: who

text: speaks

text: on

text: their

text: behalf

text: and

text: adds

text: to

text: the

text: performance

text: Managers

text: have

text: sometimes

text: become

text: major

text: personalities

text: including

text: Bobby

text: Heenan

text: Paul

text: Heyman

text: Ernie

text: Roth

text: and

text: Paul

text: Bearer

text: A

text: manager

text: role

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: filled

text: by

text: a

text: valet

text: typically

text: an

text: appealing

text: female

text: who

text: may

text: participate

text: in

text: love

text: triangle

text: storylines

text: damsel

text: in

text: distress

text: situations

text: and

text: scripted

text: fights

text: with

text: female

text: wrestlers

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: have

text: also

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: recognized

text: stars

text: such

text: as

text: Tammy

text: Lynn

text: Sytch

text: Stacy

text: Keibler

text: and

text: Miss

text: Elizabeth

question: Who helps out a wrestler with poor speaking abilities?

answer: manager

text: manager

question: What sometimes happens with managers?

answer: become major personalities

text: become major personalities

question: Who else can perform the manager role?

answer: "valet

text: "valet

question: Who might participate in a love triangle story?

answer: an appealing female

text: an appealing female


text: Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: Subsequently

text: it

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: most

text: significant

text: honours

text: to

text: be

text: buried

text: or

text: commemorated

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: burying

text: national

text: figures

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: began

text: under

text: Oliver

text: Cromwell

text: with

text: the

text: burial

text: of

text: Admiral

text: Robert

text: Blake

text: in

text: The

text: practice

text: spread

text: to

text: include

text: generals

text: admirals

text: politicians

text: doctors

text: and

text: scientists

text: such

text: as

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: buried

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: buried

text: April

text: Another

text: was

text: William

text: Wilberforce

text: who

text: led

text: the

text: movement

text: to

text: abolish

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: Plantations

text: buried

text: on

text: August

text: Wilberforce

text: was

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: transept

text: close

text: to

text: his

text: friend

text: the

text: former

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: William

text: Pitt.[citation

text: needed

question: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?

answer: Admiral Robert Blake

text: Admiral Robert Blake

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727?

answer: Isaac Newton

text: Isaac Newton

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1882?

answer: Charles Darwin

text: Charles Darwin

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1833?

answer: William Wilberforce

text: William Wilberforce

question: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?

answer: William Pitt

text: William Pitt


text: Relocating his court from Jianzhou to Liaodong provided Nurhachi access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains on the plains of Mongolia. Although by this time the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes, these tribes still presented a serious security threat to the Ming borders. Nurhachi's policy towards the Khorchins was to seek their friendship and cooperation against the Ming, securing his western border from a powerful potential enemy.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Relocating

text: his

text: court

text: from

text: Jianzhou

text: to

text: Liaodong

text: provided

text: Nurhachi

text: access

text: to

text: more

text: resources

text: it

text: also

text: brought

text: him

text: in

text: close

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Khorchin

text: Mongol

text: domains

text: on

text: the

text: plains

text: of

text: Mongolia

text: Although

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: once

text: united

text: Mongol

text: nation

text: had

text: long

text: since

text: fragmented

text: into

text: individual

text: and

text: hostile

text: tribes

text: these

text: tribes

text: still

text: presented

text: a

text: serious

text: security

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: borders

text: Nurhachi

text: 's

text: policy

text: towards

text: the

text: Khorchins

text: was

text: to

text: seek

text: their

text: friendship

text: and

text: cooperation

text: against

text: the

text: Ming

text: securing

text: his

text: western

text: border

text: from

text: a

text: powerful

text: potential

text: enemy

question: Where did Nurhachi move his court to?

answer: Liaodong

text: Liaodong

question: Where did Nurhachi move his court from?

answer: Jianzhou

text: Jianzhou

question: Who posed a threat to the Chinese borders?

answer: Mongol nation

text: Mongol nation


text: The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. In middle of the 19th century, there were three other active and competing opera houses: the Opéra-Comique (which still exists), Théâtre-Italien, and Théâtre Lyrique (which in modern times changed its profile and name to Théâtre de la Ville). Philharmonie de Paris, the modern symphonic concert hall of Paris, opened in January 2015. Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where the first performances of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes took place in 1913.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: largest

text: opera

text: houses

text: of

text: Paris

text: are

text: the

text: century

text: Opéra

text: Garnier

text: historical

text: Paris

text: Opéra

text: and

text: modern

text: Opéra

text: Bastille

text: the

text: former

text: tends

text: toward

text: the

text: more

text: classic

text: ballets

text: and

text: operas

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: provides

text: a

text: mixed

text: repertoire

text: of

text: classic

text: and

text: modern

text: In

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: were

text: three

text: other

text: active

text: and

text: competing

text: opera

text: houses

text: the

text: Opéra

text: Comique

text: which

text: still

text: exists

text: Théâtre

text: Italien

text: and

text: Théâtre

text: Lyrique

text: which

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: changed

text: its

text: profile

text: and

text: name

text: to

text: Théâtre

text: de

text: la

text: Ville

text: Philharmonie

text: de

text: Paris

text: the

text: modern

text: symphonic

text: concert

text: hall

text: of

text: Paris

text: opened

text: in

text: January

text: Another

text: musical

text: landmark

text: is

text: the

text: Théâtre

text: des

text: Champs

text: Élysées

text: where

text: the

text: first

text: performances

text: of

text: Diaghilev

text: 's

text: Ballets

text: Russes

text: took

text: place

text: in

question: When did Philharmonie de Paris open?

answer: January 2015

text: January 2015

question: What are the two largest opera houses in Paris?

answer: Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille;

text: Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille;

question: What does Opera Garnier specialize in?

answer: classic ballets and operas

text: classic ballets and operas

question: In what year were the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballet Russes?

answer: 1913

question: Where di the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballets Russes take place?

answer: Théâtre des Champs-Élysées

text: Théâtre des Champs-Élysées


text: Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events. The size, shape, and arrangement of panels each affect the timing and pacing of the narrative. The contents of a panel may be asynchronous, with events depicted in the same image not necessarily occurring at the same time.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Panels

text: are

text: individual

text: images

text: containing

text: a

text: segment

text: of

text: action

text: often

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: border

text: Prime

text: moments

text: in

text: a

text: narrative

text: are

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: panels

text: via

text: a

text: process

text: called

text: encapsulation

text: The

text: reader

text: puts

text: the

text: pieces

text: together

text: via

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: closure

text: by

text: using

text: background

text: knowledge

text: and

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: panel

text: relations

text: to

text: combine

text: panels

text: mentally

text: into

text: events

text: The

text: size

text: shape

text: and

text: arrangement

text: of

text: panels

text: each

text: affect

text: the

text: timing

text: and

text: pacing

text: of

text: the

text: narrative

text: The

text: contents

text: of

text: a

text: panel

text: may

text: be

text: asynchronous

text: with

text: events

text: depicted

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: image

text: not

text: necessarily

text: occurring

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

question: What are the individual images with action called in comics?

answer: Panels

text: Panels

question: Narrative is placed into panels using what?

answer: encapsulation

text: encapsulation

question: Who puts the panels together using closure?

answer: The reader

text: The reader

question: Timing and pace of comics is made by adjusting size, shape and what of panels?

answer: arrangement

text: arrangement

question: When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?

answer: asynchronous

text: asynchronous


text: Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was also much debate as to whether rent control laws had made it less profitable (or more costly) for landlords to maintain existing buildings with their existing tenants than to abandon or destroy those buildings.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Yet

text: another

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: the

text: real

text: estate

text: listings

text: and

text: property

text: related

text: financial

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: mortgage

text: loans

text: or

text: insurance

text: policies

text: offered

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: a

text: process

text: known

text: as

text: redlining

text: Others

text: have

text: suggested

text: a

text: planned

text: shrinkage

text: of

text: municipal

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: fire

text: fighting

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: much

text: debate

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: rent

text: control

text: laws

text: had

text: made

text: it

text: less

text: profitable

text: or

text: more

text: costly

text: for

text: landlords

text: to

text: maintain

text: existing

text: buildings

text: with

text: their

text: existing

text: tenants

text: than

text: to

text: abandon

text: or

text: destroy

text: those

text: buildings

question: What is redlining?

answer: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas

text: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas

question: What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?

answer: rent control laws

text: rent control laws

question: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?

answer: fire-fighting

text: fire-fighting


text: The Republic of Liberia, beginning as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The United States did not recognize Liberia's independence until during the American Civil War on February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 1822 and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born Black Americans from United States and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans relocated to the settlement. The Black American settlers carried their culture with them to Liberia. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after the United States. In January 3, 1848 Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy free-born Black American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected as Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: Liberia

text: beginning

text: as

text: a

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Colonization

text: Society

text: ACS

text: declared

text: its

text: independence

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: did

text: not

text: recognize

text: Liberia

text: 's

text: independence

text: until

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: on

text: February

text: Between

text: January

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: more

text: than

text: freed

text: and

text: free

text: born

text: Black

text: Americans

text: from

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Afro

text: Caribbeans

text: relocated

text: to

text: the

text: settlement

text: The

text: Black

text: American

text: settlers

text: carried

text: their

text: culture

text: with

text: them

text: to

text: Liberia

text: The

text: Liberian

text: constitution

text: and

text: flag

text: were

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: January

text: Joseph

text: Jenkins

text: Roberts

text: a

text: wealthy

text: free

text: born

text: Black

text: American

text: from

text: Virginia

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: Liberia

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: Liberia

text: 's

text: first

text: president

text: after

text: the

text: people

text: proclaimed

text: independence

question: How did the republic of liberia begin?

answer: as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS)

text: as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS)

question: When did the Republic of Liberia declare it's independence?

answer: July 26, 1847

text: July 26, 1847

question: When did the united states recognize the republic of Liberia's independence?

answer: February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 182

text: February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 182

question: How many slaves were freed in the american civil war?

answer: more than 15,000

text: more than 15,000

question: What was the Liberian flag and constitution modeled after?

answer: the United States

text: the United States


text: During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: During

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: December

text: and

text: early

text: morning

text: of

text: December

text: Kerry

text: was

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: boat

text: operating

text: near

text: a

text: peninsula

text: north

text: of

text: Cam

text: Ranh

text: Bay

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: Swift

text: boat

text: According

text: to

text: Kerry

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: crewmen

text: who

text: accompanied

text: him

text: that

text: night

text: Patrick

text: Runyon

text: and

text: William

text: Zaladonis

text: they

text: surprised

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Vietnamese

text: men

text: unloading

text: sampans

text: at

text: a

text: river

text: crossing

text: who

text: began

text: running

text: and

text: failed

text: to

text: obey

text: an

text: order

text: to

text: stop

text: As

text: the

text: men

text: fled

text: Kerry

text: and

text: his

text: crew

text: opened

text: fire

text: on

text: the

text: sampans

text: and

text: destroyed

text: them

text: then

text: rapidly

text: left

text: During

text: this

text: encounter

text: Kerry

text: received

text: a

text: shrapnel

text: wound

text: in

text: the

text: left

text: arm

text: above

text: the

text: elbow

text: It

text: was

text: for

text: this

text: injury

text: that

text: Kerry

text: received

text: his

text: first

text: Purple

text: Heart

text: Medal

question: Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?

answer: near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay

text: near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay

question: How many crew were with Kerry?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who were in Kerry's crew?

answer: Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis

text: Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis

question: What did Kerry's crew destroy?

answer: sampans

text: sampans

question: Where was Kerry injured?

answer: in the left arm above the elbow

text: in the left arm above the elbow


text: Nutrition is taught in schools in many countries. In England and Wales, the Personal and Social Education and Food Technology curricula include nutrition, stressing the importance of a balanced diet and teaching how to read nutrition labels on packaging. In many schools, a Nutrition class will fall within the Family and Consumer Science or Health departments. In some American schools, students are required to take a certain number of FCS or Health related classes. Nutrition is offered at many schools, and, if it is not a class of its own, nutrition is included in other FCS or Health classes such as: Life Skills, Independent Living, Single Survival, Freshmen Connection, Health etc. In many Nutrition classes, students learn about the food groups, the food pyramid, Daily Recommended Allowances, calories, vitamins, minerals, malnutrition, physical activity, healthful food choices, portion sizes, and how to live a healthy life.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Nutrition

text: is

text: taught

text: in

text: schools

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: In

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: the

text: Personal

text: and

text: Social

text: Education

text: and

text: Food

text: Technology

text: curricula

text: include

text: nutrition

text: stressing

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: a

text: balanced

text: diet

text: and

text: teaching

text: how

text: to

text: read

text: nutrition

text: labels

text: on

text: packaging

text: In

text: many

text: schools

text: a

text: Nutrition

text: class

text: will

text: fall

text: within

text: the

text: Family

text: and

text: Consumer

text: Science

text: or

text: Health

text: departments

text: In

text: some

text: American

text: schools

text: students

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: certain

text: number

text: of

text: FCS

text: or

text: Health

text: related

text: classes

text: Nutrition

text: is

text: offered

text: at

text: many

text: schools

text: and

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: class

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: nutrition

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: other

text: FCS

text: or

text: Health

text: classes

text: such

text: as

text: Life

text: Skills

text: Independent

text: Living

text: Single

text: Survival

text: Freshmen

text: Connection

text: Health

text: etc

text: In

text: many

text: Nutrition

text: classes

text: students

text: learn

text: about

text: the

text: food

text: groups

text: the

text: food

text: pyramid

text: Daily

text: Recommended

text: Allowances

text: calories

text: vitamins

text: minerals

text: malnutrition

text: physical

text: activity

text: healthful

text: food

text: choices

text: portion

text: sizes

text: and

text: how

text: to

text: live

text: a

text: healthy

text: life

question: In England and which other country is there a curricula that revolves around nutritional education?

answer: Wales

text: Wales

question: What is the official name of the curricula that promotes nutritional education in schools?

answer: Personal and Social Education and Food Technology curricula

text: Personal and Social Education and Food Technology curricula

question: What does FCS stand for?

answer: Family and Consumer Science

text: Family and Consumer Science

question: Aside from dieting and general nutritional information, what else does the curricula in England and Wales aim to teach students?

answer: how to read nutrition labels on packaging

text: how to read nutrition labels on packaging

question: In which type of school are kids required to take a number of health related courses?

answer: American

text: American


text: 220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street—which runs in Alphabet City near East Houston Street—as well as First Place in Battery Park City.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: numbered

text: street

text: on

text: Manhattan

text: Island

text: Marble

text: Hill

text: is

text: also

text: within

text: the

text: borough

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: so

text: the

text: highest

text: street

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: borough

text: is

text: Street

text: However

text: the

text: numbering

text: continues

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: up

text: to

text: Street

text: The

text: lowest

text: number

text: is

text: East

text: First

text: Street

text: which

text: runs

text: in

text: Alphabet

text: City

text: near

text: East

text: Houston

text: Street

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: First

text: Place

text: in

text: Battery

text: Park

text: City

question: What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?

answer: 220th Street

text: 220th Street

question: What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?

answer: 228

question: What is the highest street number in the Bronx?

answer: 263

question: Where is First Place located?

answer: Battery Park City

text: Battery Park City

question: Where is East First Street located?

answer: Alphabet City

text: Alphabet City


text: London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: 's

text: most

text: popular

text: sport

text: is

text: football

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: fourteen

text: League

text: football

text: clubs

text: including

text: five

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: Arsenal

text: Chelsea

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: Tottenham

text: Hotspur

text: and

text: West

text: Ham

text: United

text: Among

text: other

text: professional

text: teams

text: based

text: in

text: London

text: include

text: Fulham

text: Queens

text: Park

text: Rangers

text: Millwall

text: and

text: Charlton

text: Athletic

text: In

text: May

text: Chelsea

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: London

text: club

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Champions

text: League

text: Aside

text: from

text: Arsenal

text: Chelsea

text: and

text: Tottenham

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: London

text: clubs

text: have

text: ever

text: won

text: the

text: national

text: league

text: title

question: What is London's most popular athletic sport?

answer: football

text: football

question: How many of the football clubs in the Premier League are based in London?

answer: five

text: five

question: When did the Chelsea Football Club win the UEFA Champions League title?

answer: May 2012

text: May 2012

question: How many professional football clubs call London their home?

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

question: Besides the Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham football clubs, how many London-based football club have won a national league titie?

answer: none


text: A series of experiments performed from the late 1800s to the early 1900s revealed that diabetes is caused by the absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas. In 1869, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering found that diabetes could be induced in dogs by surgical removal of the pancreas. In 1921, Canadian professor Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best repeated this study, and found that injections of pancreatic extract reversed the symptoms produced by pancreas removal. Soon, the extract was demonstrated to work in people, but development of insulin therapy as a routine medical procedure was delayed by difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity. The researchers sought assistance from industrial collaborators at Eli Lilly and Co. based on the company's experience with large scale purification of biological materials. Chemist George Walden of Eli Lilly and Company found that careful adjustment of the pH of the extract allowed a relatively pure grade of insulin to be produced. Under pressure from Toronto University and a potential patent challenge by academic scientists who had independently developed a similar purification method, an agreement was reached for non-exclusive production of insulin by multiple companies. Prior to the discovery and widespread availability of insulin therapy the life expectancy of diabetics was only a few months.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: experiments

text: performed

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: revealed

text: that

text: diabetes

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: a

text: substance

text: normally

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: pancreas

text: In

text: Oskar

text: Minkowski

text: and

text: Joseph

text: von

text: Mering

text: found

text: that

text: diabetes

text: could

text: be

text: induced

text: in

text: dogs

text: by

text: surgical

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: pancreas

text: In

text: Canadian

text: professor

text: Frederick

text: Banting

text: and

text: his

text: student

text: Charles

text: Best

text: repeated

text: this

text: study

text: and

text: found

text: that

text: injections

text: of

text: pancreatic

text: extract

text: reversed

text: the

text: symptoms

text: produced

text: by

text: pancreas

text: removal

text: Soon

text: the

text: extract

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: people

text: but

text: development

text: of

text: insulin

text: therapy

text: as

text: a

text: routine

text: medical

text: procedure

text: was

text: delayed

text: by

text: difficulties

text: in

text: producing

text: the

text: material

text: in

text: sufficient

text: quantity

text: and

text: with

text: reproducible

text: purity

text: The

text: researchers

text: sought

text: assistance

text: from

text: industrial

text: collaborators

text: at

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: and

text: Co.

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: experience

text: with

text: large

text: scale

text: purification

text: of

text: biological

text: materials

text: Chemist

text: George

text: Walden

text: of

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: and

text: Company

text: found

text: that

text: careful

text: adjustment

text: of

text: the

text: pH

text: of

text: the

text: extract

text: allowed

text: a

text: relatively

text: pure

text: grade

text: of

text: insulin

text: to

text: be

text: produced

text: Under

text: pressure

text: from

text: Toronto

text: University

text: and

text: a

text: potential

text: patent

text: challenge

text: by

text: academic

text: scientists

text: who

text: had

text: independently

text: developed

text: a

text: similar

text: purification

text: method

text: an

text: agreement

text: was

text: reached

text: for

text: non

text: exclusive

text: production

text: of

text: insulin

text: by

text: multiple

text: companies

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: discovery

text: and

text: widespread

text: availability

text: of

text: insulin

text: therapy

text: the

text: life

text: expectancy

text: of

text: diabetics

text: was

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: months

question: What is diabetes caused from?

answer: absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas

text: absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas

question: Why was insulin therapy delayed?

answer: difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity

text: difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity

question: How can diabetes be induced in dogs?

answer: surgical removal of the pancreas

text: surgical removal of the pancreas

question: Before insulin, what was the life expectancy of diabetics?

answer: only a few months

text: only a few months

question: Who discovered that pancreatic extract reversed symptoms of pancreas removal?

answer: Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best

text: Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best

question: Diabetes is caused by the removal of what organ?

answer: pancreas

text: pancreas

question: Left untreated, how long were diabetic patients were expected to live?

answer: a few months

text: a few months

question: What could be adjusted in a sample of pancreatic extract to produce purer insulin?

answer: pH

text: pH

question: To purify insulin, Banting and Best sought the assistance of what company?

answer: Eli Lilly and Co.

text: Eli Lilly and Co.

question: Minkowski and von Mering did surgical tests on what animal?

answer: dogs

text: dogs


text: During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: During

text: the

text: Soviet

text: period

text: the

text: policy

text: toward

text: the

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: fluctuated

text: in

text: practice

text: Though

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: constituent

text: republics

text: had

text: its

text: own

text: official

text: language

text: the

text: unifying

text: role

text: and

text: superior

text: status

text: was

text: reserved

text: for

text: Russian

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: only

text: in

text: Following

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: independent

text: states

text: have

text: encouraged

text: their

text: native

text: languages

text: which

text: has

text: partly

text: reversed

text: the

text: privileged

text: status

text: of

text: Russian

text: though

text: its

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: post

text: Soviet

text: national

text: discourse

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: has

text: continued

question: When did the USSR dissolve?

answer: 1991

question: When did the USSR make Russian the official language?

answer: 1990

question: What unofficial status did Russian have in the USSR before 1990?

answer: the unifying role and superior status

text: the unifying role and superior status


text: The Black Wednesday economic disaster in September 1992 left the Conservative government's reputation for monetary excellence in tatters, and by the end of that year Labour had a comfortable lead over the Tories in the opinion polls. Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sustained economic growth followed, coupled with a relatively swift fall in unemployment, the Labour lead in the opinion polls remained strong. However, Smith died from a heart attack in May 1994.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: Black

text: Wednesday

text: economic

text: disaster

text: in

text: September

text: left

text: the

text: Conservative

text: government

text: 's

text: reputation

text: for

text: monetary

text: excellence

text: in

text: tatters

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: Labour

text: had

text: a

text: comfortable

text: lead

text: over

text: the

text: Tories

text: in

text: the

text: opinion

text: polls

text: Although

text: the

text: recession

text: was

text: declared

text: over

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: strong

text: and

text: sustained

text: economic

text: growth

text: followed

text: coupled

text: with

text: a

text: relatively

text: swift

text: fall

text: in

text: unemployment

text: the

text: Labour

text: lead

text: in

text: the

text: opinion

text: polls

text: remained

text: strong

text: However

text: Smith

text: died

text: from

text: a

text: heart

text: attack

text: in

text: May

question: WHen was Black Wednesday?

answer: September 1992

text: September 1992

question: What was Black Wednesday?

answer: economic disaster

text: economic disaster

question: When was the recession declared over?

answer: April 1993

text: April 1993

question: When did Smith die?

answer: May 1994

text: May 1994

question: What did Smith die of?

answer: a heart attack

text: a heart attack


text: North of the Historic Center, Azcapotzalco and Gustavo A. Madero have important industrial centers and neighborhoods that range from established middle-class colonias such as Claveria and Lindavista to huge low-income housing areas that share hillsides with adjacent municipalities in the State of Mexico. In recent years much of northern Mexico City's industry has moved to nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico. Northwest of Mexico City itself is Ciudad Satélite, a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: North

text: of

text: the

text: Historic

text: Center

text: Azcapotzalco

text: and

text: Gustavo

text: A.

text: Madero

text: have

text: important

text: industrial

text: centers

text: and

text: neighborhoods

text: that

text: range

text: from

text: established

text: middle

text: class

text: colonias

text: such

text: as

text: Claveria

text: and

text: Lindavista

text: to

text: huge

text: low

text: income

text: housing

text: areas

text: that

text: share

text: hillsides

text: with

text: adjacent

text: municipalities

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Mexico

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: much

text: of

text: northern

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: industry

text: has

text: moved

text: to

text: nearby

text: municipalities

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Northwest

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

text: itself

text: is

text: Ciudad

text: Satélite

text: a

text: vast

text: middle

text: to

text: upper

text: middle

text: class

text: residential

text: and

text: business

text: area

question: Where is much of the industry now located?

answer: nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico

text: nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico

question: What is Ciudad Satelite?

answer: a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.

text: a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.

question: Where is Gustavo A. Madero?

answer: North of the Historic Center

text: North of the Historic Center


text: The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: abbey

text: was

text: restored

text: to

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: under

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Mary

text: I

text: of

text: England

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: again

text: ejected

text: under

text: Elizabeth

text: I

text: in

text: In

text: Elizabeth

text: re

text: established

text: Westminster

text: as

text: a

text: Royal

text: Peculiar

text: a

text: church

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: responsible

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: a

text: diocesan

text: bishop

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: the

text: Collegiate

text: Church

text: of

text: St

text: Peter

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: non

text: cathedral

text: church

text: with

text: an

text: attached

text: chapter

text: of

text: canons

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: dean

text: The

text: last

text: of

text: Mary

text: 's

text: abbots

text: was

text: made

text: the

text: first

text: dean

question: The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?

answer: Mary I of England

text: Mary I of England

question: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?

answer: Elizabeth I

text: Elizabeth I

question: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?

answer: Collegiate Church of St Peter

text: Collegiate Church of St Peter

question: Who was made the first dean of the new church?

answer: The last of Mary's abbots

text: The last of Mary's abbots


text: The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: earthquake

text: was

text: the

text: worst

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: area

text: in

text: over

text: years

text: Following

text: the

text: quake

text: experts

text: and

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: sought

text: information

text: on

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: the

text: earthquake

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: predicted

text: in

text: advance

text: and

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: studying

text: statistics

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: quake

text: could

text: result

text: in

text: better

text: prediction

text: of

text: earthquakes

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: Earthquake

text: prediction

text: is

text: not

text: yet

text: established

text: science

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: consensus

text: within

text: the

text: scientific

text: community

text: that

text: earthquake

text: prediction

text: is

text: possible

question: How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude?

answer: over 30 years

text: over 30 years

question: How long since the Sichuan area has had  a severe quake?

answer: 30 years

text: 30 years

question: Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?

answer: no consensus

text: no consensus

question: People wanted to know if the study of what math could produce better predictions?

answer: statistics

text: statistics

question: What is not an established science?

answer: Earthquake prediction

text: Earthquake prediction


text: Avoidance of triggers is a key component of improving control and preventing attacks. The most common triggers include allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the effectiveness of medications such as corticosteroids. Laws that limit smoking decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma. Dust mite control measures, including air filtration, chemicals to kill mites, vacuuming, mattress covers and others methods had no effect on asthma symptoms. Overall, exercise is beneficial in people with stable asthma. Yoga could provide small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in people with asthma.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Avoidance

text: of

text: triggers

text: is

text: a

text: key

text: component

text: of

text: improving

text: control

text: and

text: preventing

text: attacks

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: triggers

text: include

text: allergens

text: smoke

text: tobacco

text: and

text: other

text: air

text: pollution

text: non

text: selective

text: beta

text: blockers

text: and

text: sulfite

text: containing

text: foods

text: Cigarette

text: smoking

text: and

text: second

text: hand

text: smoke

text: passive

text: smoke

text: may

text: reduce

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: medications

text: such

text: as

text: corticosteroids

text: Laws

text: that

text: limit

text: smoking

text: decrease

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: hospitalized

text: for

text: asthma

text: Dust

text: mite

text: control

text: measures

text: including

text: air

text: filtration

text: chemicals

text: to

text: kill

text: mites

text: vacuuming

text: mattress

text: covers

text: and

text: others

text: methods

text: had

text: no

text: effect

text: on

text: asthma

text: symptoms

text: Overall

text: exercise

text: is

text: beneficial

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: stable

text: asthma

text: Yoga

text: could

text: provide

text: small

text: improvements

text: in

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: symptoms

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: asthma

question: What is a key component of control and preventing asthma attacks?

answer: Avoidance of triggers

text: Avoidance of triggers

question: What are some of the more common triggers?

answer: allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods

text: allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods

question: What can reduce the effectiveness of medications?

answer: Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke

text: Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke

question: What did law that limit smoking accomplish?

answer: decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma

text: decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma

question: What type of exercise can provide small improvements?

answer: Yoga

text: Yoga


text: The decisive engagement of the war came when Lysimachus invaded and overran much of western Anatolia, but was soon isolated by Antigonus and Demetrius near Ipsus in Phrygia. Seleucus arrived in time to save Lysimachus and utterly crushed Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE. Seleucus' war elephants proved decisive, Antigonus was killed, and Demetrius fled back to Greece to attempt to preserve the remnants of his rule there by recapturing a rebellious Athens. Meanwhile, Lysimachus took over Ionia, Seleucus took Cilicia, and Ptolemy captured Cyprus.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: decisive

text: engagement

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: came

text: when

text: Lysimachus

text: invaded

text: and

text: overran

text: much

text: of

text: western

text: Anatolia

text: but

text: was

text: soon

text: isolated

text: by

text: Antigonus

text: and

text: Demetrius

text: near

text: Ipsus

text: in

text: Phrygia

text: Seleucus

text: arrived

text: in

text: time

text: to

text: save

text: Lysimachus

text: and

text: utterly

text: crushed

text: Antigonus

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Ipsus

text: in

text: BCE

text: Seleucus

text: war

text: elephants

text: proved

text: decisive

text: Antigonus

text: was

text: killed

text: and

text: Demetrius

text: fled

text: back

text: to

text: Greece

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: preserve

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: his

text: rule

text: there

text: by

text: recapturing

text: a

text: rebellious

text: Athens

text: Meanwhile

text: Lysimachus

text: took

text: over

text: Ionia

text: Seleucus

text: took

text: Cilicia

text: and

text: Ptolemy

text: captured

text: Cyprus

question: Who saved Lysimachus in Phrygia?

answer: Seleucus

text: Seleucus

question: Who lost in the Battle of Ipsus?

answer: Antigonus

text: Antigonus

question: When was the Battle of Ipsus?

answer: 301 BCE

text: 301 BCE

question: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?

answer: Cilicia

text: Cilicia

question: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Ptolemy take over?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus


text: The cuisine of Tuvalu is based on the staple of coconut and the many species of fish found in the ocean and lagoons of the atolls. Desserts made on the islands include coconut and coconut milk, instead of animal milk. The traditional foods eaten in Tuvalu are pulaka, taro, bananas, breadfruit and coconut. Tuvaluans also eat seafood, including coconut crab and fish from the lagoon and ocean. A traditional food source is seabirds (taketake or black noddy and akiaki or white tern), with pork being eaten mostly at fateles (or parties with dancing to celebrate events).

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: cuisine

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: staple

text: of

text: coconut

text: and

text: the

text: many

text: species

text: of

text: fish

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: lagoons

text: of

text: the

text: atolls

text: Desserts

text: made

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: include

text: coconut

text: and

text: coconut

text: milk

text: instead

text: of

text: animal

text: milk

text: The

text: traditional

text: foods

text: eaten

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: are

text: pulaka

text: taro

text: bananas

text: breadfruit

text: and

text: coconut

text: Tuvaluans

text: also

text: eat

text: seafood

text: including

text: coconut

text: crab

text: and

text: fish

text: from

text: the

text: lagoon

text: and

text: ocean

text: A

text: traditional

text: food

text: source

text: is

text: seabirds

text: taketake

text: or

text: black

text: noddy

text: and

text: akiaki

text: or

text: white

text: tern

text: with

text: pork

text: being

text: eaten

text: mostly

text: at

text: fateles

text: or

text: parties

text: with

text: dancing

text: to

text: celebrate

text: events

question: What is the stable protein  of Tuvalu?

answer: fish

text: fish

question: What vegetable features in the Tuvalu diet?

answer: coconut

text: coconut

question: What kind of milk has been replaced with coconut milk on Tuvalu?

answer: animal

text: animal

question: What type of meat is eaten on Tuvalu?

answer: seabirds

text: seabirds

question: At what event is pork traditionally eaten on Tuvalu?

answer: fateles

text: fateles


text: However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features. This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: research

text: firm

text: NPD

text: sales

text: of

text: devices

text: running

text: Windows

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: have

text: declined

text: percent

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: in

text: As

text: the

text: holiday

text: shopping

text: season

text: wrapped

text: up

text: Windows

text: sales

text: continued

text: to

text: lag

text: even

text: as

text: Apple

text: reported

text: brisk

text: sales

text: The

text: market

text: research

text: firm

text: IDC

text: reported

text: an

text: overall

text: drop

text: in

text: PC

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: quarter

text: and

text: said

text: the

text: drop

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: partly

text: due

text: to

text: consumer

text: reluctance

text: to

text: embrace

text: the

text: new

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: OS

text: and

text: poor

text: support

text: from

text: OEM

text: for

text: these

text: features

text: This

text: capped

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: declining

text: PC

text: sales

text: to

text: the

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: region

text: as

text: consumers

text: bought

text: more

text: mobile

text: devices

text: than

text: Windows

text: PCs

question: What is IDC?

answer: market research firm

text: market research firm

question: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?

answer: consumers bought more mobile devices

text: consumers bought more mobile devices

question: How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced?

answer: 21 percent

text: 21 percent

question: While Windows sales went down, which company experienced an increase in sales?

answer: Apple

text: Apple


text: KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text based web browser. Lynx itself provided hypertext browsing and navigation prior to Tim Berners Lee's invention of HTTP and HTML.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: KU

text: 's

text: academic

text: computing

text: department

text: was

text: an

text: active

text: participant

text: in

text: setting

text: up

text: the

text: Internet

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: developer

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Lynx

text: text

text: based

text: web

text: browser

text: Lynx

text: itself

text: provided

text: hypertext

text: browsing

text: and

text: navigation

text: prior

text: to

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: 's

text: invention

text: of

text: HTTP

text: and

text: HTML

question: What division of the University of Kansas contributed to the development of the internet?

answer: academic computing

text: academic computing

question: What kind of software is Lynx?

answer: text based web browser

text: text based web browser

question: What was made possible by Lynx?

answer: hypertext browsing and navigation

text: hypertext browsing and navigation


text: Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Though

text: Decca

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: keep

text: picture

text: budgets

text: lean

text: it

text: was

text: favored

text: by

text: changing

text: circumstances

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: business

text: as

text: other

text: studios

text: let

text: their

text: contract

text: actors

text: go

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: vs.

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: et

text: al

text: decision

text: Leading

text: actors

text: were

text: increasingly

text: free

text: to

text: work

text: where

text: and

text: when

text: they

text: chose

text: and

text: in

text: MCA

text: agent

text: Lew

text: Wasserman

text: made

text: a

text: deal

text: with

text: Universal

text: for

text: his

text: client

text: James

text: Stewart

text: that

text: would

text: change

text: the

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: business

text: Wasserman

text: 's

text: deal

text: gave

text: Stewart

text: a

text: share

text: in

text: the

text: profits

text: of

text: three

text: pictures

text: in

text: lieu

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: salary

text: When

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: films

text: Winchester

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: hit

text: the

text: arrangement

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: rule

text: for

text: many

text: future

text: productions

text: at

text: Universal

text: and

text: eventually

text: at

text: other

text: studios

text: as

text: well

question: Who was a notable talent agent circa 1950?

answer: Lew Wasserman

text: Lew Wasserman

question: What star did Lew Wasserman represent?

answer: James Stewart

text: James Stewart

question: What actor featured in Winchester '73?

answer: James Stewart

text: James Stewart

question: What legal decision resulted in movie studios letting their contract actors go?

answer: U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.

text: U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.


text: Kathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu International Theater Festival, attracting artists from all over the world. A mini theater is also located at the Hanumandhoka Durbar Square, established by the Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Nepali

text: cinema

text: and

text: theaters

text: The

text: city

text: contains

text: several

text: theaters

text: including

text: the

text: National

text: Dance

text: Theatre

text: in

text: Kanti

text: Path

text: the

text: Ganga

text: Theatre

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: Theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Aarohan

text: Theater

text: Group

text: founded

text: in

text: The

text: M.

text: Art

text: Theater

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Gurukul

text: School

text: of

text: Theatre

text: organizes

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: International

text: Theater

text: Festival

text: attracting

text: artists

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: A

text: mini

text: theater

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Hanumandhoka

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Durbar

text: Conservation

text: and

text: Promotion

text: Committee

question: Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu?

answer: Kanti Path

text: Kanti Path

question: What year saw the beginning of the Aarohan Theater Group?

answer: 1982

question: What gathering is the work of the Gurukul School of Theatre?

answer: Kathmandu International Theater Festival

text: Kathmandu International Theater Festival

question: Who constructed the theater in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square?

answer: Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee

text: Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee


text: Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often nickel plated then gold plated. Another coating consideration is rapid diffusion of coating metal into Tin solder. Tin forms intermetallics such as Cu5Sn6 and Ag3Cu that dissolve into the Tin liquidus or solidus(@50C), stripping surface coating or leaving voids.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Other

text: platings

text: used

text: are

text: OSP

text: organic

text: surface

text: protectant

text: immersion

text: silver

text: IAg

text: immersion

text: tin

text: electroless

text: nickel

text: with

text: immersion

text: gold

text: coating

text: ENIG

text: electroless

text: nickel

text: electroless

text: palladium

text: immersion

text: gold

text: ENEPIG

text: and

text: direct

text: gold

text: plating

text: over

text: nickel

text: Edge

text: connectors

text: placed

text: along

text: one

text: edge

text: of

text: some

text: boards

text: are

text: often

text: nickel

text: plated

text: then

text: gold

text: plated

text: Another

text: coating

text: consideration

text: is

text: rapid

text: diffusion

text: of

text: coating

text: metal

text: into

text: Tin

text: solder

text: Tin

text: forms

text: intermetallics

text: such

text: as

text: and

text: that

text: dissolve

text: into

text: the

text: Tin

text: liquidus

text: or

text: stripping

text: surface

text: coating

text: or

text: leaving

text: voids

question: What does OSP stand for?

answer: organic surface protectant

text: organic surface protectant

question: What metal is often under the gold plating on edge connectors?

answer: nickel

text: nickel

question: What's the abbreviation for immersion silver plating?

answer: IAg

text: IAg

question: Ag3Cu is one intermetallic that tin forms; what's the other one?

answer: Cu5Sn6

question: What might the rapid diffusion of coating metal into tin solder leave in the surface coating?

answer: voids

text: voids


text: During the period of the Napoleonic Wars, the East India Company arranged for letters of marque for its vessels such as the Lord Nelson. This was not so that they could carry cannon to fend off warships, privateers and pirates on their voyages to India and China (that they could do without permission) but so that, should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy. Similarly, the Earl of Mornington, an East India Company packet ship of only six guns, also sailed under a letter of marque.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: During

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: arranged

text: for

text: letters

text: of

text: marque

text: for

text: its

text: vessels

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Lord

text: Nelson

text: This

text: was

text: not

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: carry

text: cannon

text: to

text: fend

text: off

text: warships

text: privateers

text: and

text: pirates

text: on

text: their

text: voyages

text: to

text: India

text: and

text: China

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: do

text: without

text: permission

text: but

text: so

text: that

text: should

text: they

text: have

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: prize

text: they

text: could

text: do

text: so

text: without

text: being

text: guilty

text: of

text: piracy

text: Similarly

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Mornington

text: an

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: packet

text: ship

text: of

text: only

text: six

text: guns

text: also

text: sailed

text: under

text: a

text: letter

text: of

text: marque

question: During what war Did the EIC get letter of marque for its vessels

answer: Napoleonic Wars

text: Napoleonic Wars

question: Why did EIC want tthe letters of marque most?

answer: should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy

text: should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy

question: With out the letters of marque what wepon did  they have to protect themself that was a part of their ship?

answer: cannon

text: cannon

question: The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships?

answer: six

text: six


text: Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation. Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world. Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 53.06 years in 2012. In 2000, 62–65 percent of the population was estimated to have access to safe drinking water and only 69 percent to sanitation services of some kind. In 2001, the general government expenditures on health totalled about US$4 per capita at an average exchange rate.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Mali

text: faces

text: numerous

text: health

text: challenges

text: related

text: to

text: poverty

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: inadequate

text: hygiene

text: and

text: sanitation

text: Mali

text: 's

text: health

text: and

text: development

text: indicators

text: rank

text: among

text: the

text: worst

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: years

text: in

text: In

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: safe

text: drinking

text: water

text: and

text: only

text: percent

text: to

text: sanitation

text: services

text: of

text: some

text: kind

text: In

text: the

text: general

text: government

text: expenditures

text: on

text: health

text: totalled

text: about

text: US$

text: per

text: capita

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: exchange

text: rate

question: What four main health problems do the Malian people currently have?

answer: poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation

text: poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation

question: How does Malian Health and development rank globally?

answer: among the worst in the world

text: among the worst in the world

question: As of 2012 50.3 years is considered the Malian peoples averages of what statistic?

answer: Life expectancy

text: Life expectancy

question: In 2000 what percentage of the population had access to safe drinking water?

answer: 62–65

question: In 2000 roughly how much of the population had access to sanitation services?

answer: 69


text: Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof. Confucian law, which helped define personal relationships and the code of ethics of the warrior class required that a woman show subservience to her husband, filial piety to her parents, and care to the children. Too much love and affection was also said to indulge and spoil the youngsters. Thus, a woman was also to exercise discipline.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: Traits

text: valued

text: in

text: women

text: of

text: the

text: samurai

text: class

text: were

text: humility

text: obedience

text: self

text: control

text: strength

text: and

text: loyalty

text: Ideally

text: a

text: samurai

text: wife

text: would

text: be

text: skilled

text: at

text: managing

text: property

text: keeping

text: records

text: dealing

text: with

text: financial

text: matters

text: educating

text: the

text: children

text: and

text: perhaps

text: servants

text: too

text: and

text: caring

text: for

text: elderly

text: parents

text: or

text: in

text: laws

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: living

text: under

text: her

text: roof

text: Confucian

text: law

text: which

text: helped

text: define

text: personal

text: relationships

text: and

text: the

text: code

text: of

text: ethics

text: of

text: the

text: warrior

text: class

text: required

text: that

text: a

text: woman

text: show

text: subservience

text: to

text: her

text: husband

text: filial

text: piety

text: to

text: her

text: parents

text: and

text: care

text: to

text: the

text: children

text: Too

text: much

text: love

text: and

text: affection

text: was

text: also

text: said

text: to

text: indulge

text: and

text: spoil

text: the

text: youngsters

text: Thus

text: a

text: woman

text: was

text: also

text: to

text: exercise

text: discipline

question: What characteristics did samurais want their wives to have?

answer: humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty

text: humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty

question: Who did samurai wives have to teach?

answer: the children (and perhaps servants, too)

text: the children (and perhaps servants, too)

question: Who did samurai wives have to take care of?

answer: elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof

text: elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof

question: Who was a woman supposed to be subservient to?

answer: her husband

text: her husband

question: What defined the samurais' code?

answer: Confucian law

text: Confucian law


text: British Prime Minister William Pitt's focus on the colonies for the 1758 campaign paid off with the taking of Louisbourg after French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena and in the successful capture of Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac. The British also continued the process of deporting the Acadian population with a wave of major operations against Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island), the St. John River valley, and the Petitcodiac River valley. The celebration of these successes was dampened by their embarrassing defeat in the Battle of Carillon (Ticonderoga), in which 4,000 French troops repulsed 16,000 British.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: William

text: Pitt

text: 's

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: colonies

text: for

text: the

text: campaign

text: paid

text: off

text: with

text: the

text: taking

text: of

text: Louisbourg

text: after

text: French

text: reinforcements

text: were

text: blocked

text: by

text: British

text: naval

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Cartagena

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: successful

text: capture

text: of

text: Fort

text: Duquesne

text: and

text: Fort

text: Frontenac

text: The

text: British

text: also

text: continued

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: deporting

text: the

text: Acadian

text: population

text: with

text: a

text: wave

text: of

text: major

text: operations

text: against

text: Île

text: Saint

text: Jean

text: present

text: day

text: Prince

text: Edward

text: Island

text: the

text: St.

text: John

text: River

text: valley

text: and

text: the

text: Petitcodiac

text: River

text: valley

text: The

text: celebration

text: of

text: these

text: successes

text: was

text: dampened

text: by

text: their

text: embarrassing

text: defeat

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Carillon

text: Ticonderoga

text: in

text: which

text: French

text: troops

text: repulsed

text: British

question: How did the British assure numerical superiority in taking Louisbourg?

answer: French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena

text: French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena

question: Identify two other French possessions captured by the British.

answer: Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac

text: Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac

question: Who did the British deport from Lie Saint-Jean?

answer: the Acadian population

text: the Acadian population

question: What is Lie Saint-Jean called today?

answer: Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island)

text: Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island)

question: How much were the French outnumbered at the Battle of Carillion?

answer: 4,000 French troops repulsed 16,000 British

text: 4,000 French troops repulsed 16,000 British


text: In response to a given problem situation (), a number of competing conjectures, or tentative theories (), are systematically subjected to the most rigorous attempts at falsification possible. This process, error elimination (), performs a similar function for science that natural selection performs for biological evolution. Theories that better survive the process of refutation are not more true, but rather, more "fit"—in other words, more applicable to the problem situation at hand (). Consequently, just as a species' biological fitness does not ensure continued survival, neither does rigorous testing protect a scientific theory from refutation in the future. Yet, as it appears that the engine of biological evolution has, over many generations, produced adaptive traits equipped to deal with more and more complex problems of survival, likewise, the evolution of theories through the scientific method may, in Popper's view, reflect a certain type of progress: toward more and more interesting problems (). For Popper, it is in the interplay between the tentative theories (conjectures) and error elimination (refutation) that scientific knowledge advances toward greater and greater problems; in a process very much akin to the interplay between genetic variation and natural selection.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: given

text: problem

text: situation

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: competing

text: conjectures

text: or

text: tentative

text: theories

text: are

text: systematically

text: subjected

text: to

text: the

text: most

text: rigorous

text: attempts

text: at

text: falsification

text: possible

text: This

text: process

text: error

text: elimination

text: performs

text: a

text: similar

text: function

text: for

text: science

text: that

text: natural

text: selection

text: performs

text: for

text: biological

text: evolution

text: Theories

text: that

text: better

text: survive

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: refutation

text: are

text: not

text: more

text: true

text: but

text: rather

text: more

text: fit

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: more

text: applicable

text: to

text: the

text: problem

text: situation

text: at

text: hand

text: Consequently

text: just

text: as

text: a

text: species

text: biological

text: fitness

text: does

text: not

text: ensure

text: continued

text: survival

text: neither

text: does

text: rigorous

text: testing

text: protect

text: a

text: scientific

text: theory

text: from

text: refutation

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: Yet

text: as

text: it

text: appears

text: that

text: the

text: engine

text: of

text: biological

text: evolution

text: has

text: over

text: many

text: generations

text: produced

text: adaptive

text: traits

text: equipped

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: complex

text: problems

text: of

text: survival

text: likewise

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: theories

text: through

text: the

text: scientific

text: method

text: may

text: in

text: Popper

text: 's

text: view

text: reflect

text: a

text: certain

text: type

text: of

text: progress

text: toward

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: interesting

text: problems

text: For

text: Popper

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: interplay

text: between

text: the

text: tentative

text: theories

text: conjectures

text: and

text: error

text: elimination

text: refutation

text: that

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: advances

text: toward

text: greater

text: and

text: greater

text: problems

text: in

text: a

text: process

text: very

text: much

text: akin

text: to

text: the

text: interplay

text: between

text: genetic

text: variation

text: and

text: natural

text: selection

question: What process in science is like the process of natural selection in nature?

answer: error elimination

text: error elimination

question: What is a better description for theories that survive scientific scrutiny than "more true?"

answer: more "fit"

text: more "fit"

question: What is another term for the tentative theories enter the process of error elimination in science?

answer: conjectures

text: conjectures

question: Toward what does Popper believe scientific understandings progress?

answer: more and more interesting problems

text: more and more interesting problems


text: By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa. The Peloponnesian revolt was quickly followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia and Central Greece, which would soon be suppressed. Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. In 1822 and 1824 the Turks and Egyptians ravaged the islands, including Chios and Psara, committing wholesale massacres of the population. This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed]

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: month

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: was

text: in

text: open

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: and

text: by

text: October

text: the

text: Greeks

text: under

text: Theodoros

text: Kolokotronis

text: had

text: captured

text: Tripolitsa

text: The

text: Peloponnesian

text: revolt

text: was

text: quickly

text: followed

text: by

text: revolts

text: in

text: Crete

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Central

text: Greece

text: which

text: would

text: soon

text: be

text: suppressed

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: makeshift

text: Greek

text: navy

text: was

text: achieving

text: success

text: against

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: navy

text: in

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: prevented

text: Ottoman

text: reinforcements

text: from

text: arriving

text: by

text: sea

text: In

text: and

text: the

text: Turks

text: and

text: Egyptians

text: ravaged

text: the

text: islands

text: including

text: Chios

text: and

text: Psara

text: committing

text: wholesale

text: massacres

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: This

text: had

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: galvanizing

text: public

text: opinion

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: rebels.[page

text: needed

question: In what year did the Greeks take Tripolitsa?

answer: 1821

question: Who was the leader of the Greek revolt in 1821?

answer: Theodoros Kolokotronis

text: Theodoros Kolokotronis

question: The Greek and Ottoman Navy fought in which waters?

answer: Aegean Sea

text: Aegean Sea

question: Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years?

answer: 1822 and 1824

text: 1822 and 1824


text: Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1644 as the Hongguang Emperor. His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Over

text: two

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: to

text: Beijing

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: destined

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: a

text: Ming

text: emperor

text: one

text: more

text: time

text: After

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Beijing

text: to

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: 's

text: rebel

text: forces

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: the

text: Manchu

text: led

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: prince

text: Zhu

text: Yousong

text: was

text: enthroned

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: in

text: June

text: as

text: the

text: Hongguang

text: Emperor

text: His

text: short

text: reign

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: later

text: historians

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Southern

text: Ming

text: dynasty

question: When did Beijing lose to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty?

answer: 1644

question: What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing?

answer: Zhu Yousong

text: Zhu Yousong

question: When was Zhu Yousong enthroned?

answer: in June 1644

text: in June 1644

question: What was Zhu Yousong's title?

answer: the Hongguang Emperor

text: the Hongguang Emperor

question: The Hongguang Emperor's reign was thought of as the first reign of what dynasty?

answer: the so-called Southern Ming dynasty

text: the so-called Southern Ming dynasty