text: In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: deep

text: crisis

text: suffered

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: allowed

text: different

text: tribes

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Suebi

text: Vandals

text: and

text: Alani

text: to

text: cross

text: the

text: Rhine

text: and

text: penetrate

text: into

text: the

text: rule

text: on

text: December

text: Its

text: progress

text: towards

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: forced

text: the

text: Roman

text: authorities

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: treaty

text: foedus

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: Suebi

text: would

text: settle

text: peacefully

text: and

text: govern

text: Galicia

text: as

text: imperial

text: allies

text: So

text: from

text: Galicia

text: was

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: Suebi

text: forming

text: the

text: first

text: medieval

text: kingdom

text: to

text: be

text: created

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: even

text: before

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: being

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: Germanic

text: kingdom

text: to

text: mint

text: coinage

text: in

text: Roman

text: lands

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: a

text: Briton

text: colony

text: and

text: bishopric

text: see

text: Mailoc

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Northern

text: Galicia

text: Britonia

text: probably

text: as

text: foederati

text: and

text: allies

text: of

text: the

text: Suebi

text: In

text: the

text: Visigothic

text: King

text: Leovigild

text: invaded

text: the

text: Suebic

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: and

text: defeated

text: it

text: bringing

text: it

text: under

text: Visigoth

text: control

question: At the end of which year did Central Europe tribes invade the Roman Empire?

answer: 406

question: Which tribe did the Romans subsequently make a treaty with?

answer: Suebi

text: Suebi

question: What was the name of the Briton colony formed in Northern Galicia?

answer: Britonia

text: Britonia

question: Which Visigothic king took over control of Galicia from the Suebi?

answer: Leovigild

text: Leovigild

question: In which year did this happen?

answer: 585


text: The Professional Lighting Designers Association (PLDA), formerly known as ELDA is an organisation focusing on the promotion of the profession of Architectural Lighting Design. They publish a monthly newsletter and organise different events throughout the world.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: The

text: Professional

text: Lighting

text: Designers

text: Association

text: PLDA

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: ELDA

text: is

text: an

text: organisation

text: focusing

text: on

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: the

text: profession

text: of

text: Architectural

text: Lighting

text: Design

text: They

text: publish

text: a

text: monthly

text: newsletter

text: and

text: organise

text: different

text: events

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

question: What does PLDA stand for?

answer: The Professional Lighting Designers Association

text: The Professional Lighting Designers Association

question: What was the PLDA formerly known as?

answer: ELDA

text: ELDA


text: On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website. On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the fifth active AFL/af2 franchise to leave for the IFL since bankruptcy (Iowa Barnstormers, Tri-Cities Fever, Green Bay Blizzard and Arkansas Twisters—now the Texas Revolution—left previously).

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: August

text: ESPN

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: VooDoo

text: and

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: Outlaws

text: had

text: ceased

text: operations

text: effective

text: immediately

text: a

text: claim

text: which

text: was

text: subsequently

text: validated

text: on

text: the

text: AFL

text: website

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: Spokane

text: Shock

text: officially

text: left

text: the

text: AFL

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: IFL

text: under

text: the

text: new

text: name

text: Spokane

text: Empire

text: becoming

text: the

text: fifth

text: active

text: AFL

text: franchise

text: to

text: leave

text: for

text: the

text: IFL

text: since

text: bankruptcy

text: Iowa

text: Barnstormers

text: Tri

text: Cities

text: Fever

text: Green

text: Bay

text: Blizzard

text: and

text: Arkansas

text: Twisters

text: now

text: the

text: Texas

text: Revolution

text: left

text: previously

question: On what date was it reported that the Las Vegas Outlaws were shutting down?

answer: August 9, 2015

text: August 9, 2015

question: Who first reported the closure of the New Orleans VooDoo?

answer: ESPN

text: ESPN

question: On what date did the Spokane Shock leave the AFL?

answer: September 1, 2015

text: September 1, 2015

question: What rival league did the Spokane Shock join?

answer: IFL

text: IFL

question: What was the name of the Spokane Shock after they joined the IFL?

answer: Spokane Empire

text: Spokane Empire


text: Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAATO members account for 95% of the tourist activity. Travel is largely by small or medium ship, focusing on specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships. The number was predicted to increase to over 80,000 by 2010.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Small

text: scale

text: expedition

text: tourism

text: has

text: existed

text: since

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: subject

text: to

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: and

text: Environmental

text: Protocol

text: provisions

text: but

text: in

text: effect

text: self

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Association

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: Tour

text: Operators

text: IAATO

text: Not

text: all

text: vessels

text: associated

text: with

text: Antarctic

text: tourism

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: IAATO

text: but

text: IAATO

text: members

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: tourist

text: activity

text: Travel

text: is

text: largely

text: by

text: small

text: or

text: medium

text: ship

text: focusing

text: on

text: specific

text: scenic

text: locations

text: with

text: accessible

text: concentrations

text: of

text: iconic

text: wildlife

text: A

text: total

text: of

text: tourists

text: visited

text: during

text: the

text: Austral

text: summer

text: with

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: them

text: coming

text: from

text: commercial

text: ships

text: The

text: number

text: was

text: predicted

text: to

text: increase

text: to

text: over

text: by

question: Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica?

answer: 1957

question: What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to?

answer: Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol

text: Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol

question: How many of the Antarctic tour operators belong to IAATO?

answer: 95%

question: What is the mode of travel for Antarctic tours?

answer: small or medium ship

text: small or medium ship

question: How many tourists went to Antarctica during the 2006-07 season?

answer: 37,506


text: Immediately after reading Price's sermon, Burke wrote a draft of what eventually became, Reflections on the Revolution in France. On 13 February 1790, a notice in the press said that shortly, Burke would publish a pamphlet on the Revolution and its British supporters, however he spent the year revising and expanding it. On 1 November he finally published the Reflections and it was an immediate best-seller. Priced at five shillings, it was more expensive than most political pamphlets, but by the end of 1790, it had gone through ten printings and sold approximately 17,500 copies. A French translation appeared on 29 November and on 30 November the translator, Pierre-Gaëton Dupont, wrote to Burke saying 2,500 copies had already been sold. The French translation ran to ten printings by June 1791.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Immediately

text: after

text: reading

text: Price

text: 's

text: sermon

text: Burke

text: wrote

text: a

text: draft

text: of

text: what

text: eventually

text: became

text: Reflections

text: on

text: the

text: Revolution

text: in

text: France

text: On

text: February

text: a

text: notice

text: in

text: the

text: press

text: said

text: that

text: shortly

text: Burke

text: would

text: publish

text: a

text: pamphlet

text: on

text: the

text: Revolution

text: and

text: its

text: British

text: supporters

text: however

text: he

text: spent

text: the

text: year

text: revising

text: and

text: expanding

text: it

text: On

text: November

text: he

text: finally

text: published

text: the

text: Reflections

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: immediate

text: best

text: seller

text: Priced

text: at

text: five

text: shillings

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: most

text: political

text: pamphlets

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: it

text: had

text: gone

text: through

text: ten

text: printings

text: and

text: sold

text: approximately

text: copies

text: A

text: French

text: translation

text: appeared

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: translator

text: Pierre

text: Gaëton

text: Dupont

text: wrote

text: to

text: Burke

text: saying

text: copies

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: sold

text: The

text: French

text: translation

text: ran

text: to

text: ten

text: printings

text: by

text: June

question: Which of Burke's writings was inspired by Price's sermon?

answer: Reflections on the Revolution in France

text: Reflections on the Revolution in France

question: When did Burke publish his Reflections on the Revolution in France?

answer: 1790

question: How many copies did Reflections on the Revolution in France sell in 2 months?

answer: 17,500

question: Who translated 'Reflections on the Revolution in France' into French?

answer: Pierre-Gaëton Dupont

text: Pierre-Gaëton Dupont

question: When was the tenth printing of the French translation of 'Reflections on the Revolution in France'?

answer: June 1791

text: June 1791


text: Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. They selected Muhammad Naguib, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War. Naguib won overwhelmingly and the Free Officers, through their connection with a leading Egyptian daily, al-Misri, publicized his victory while praising the nationalistic spirit of the army.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Sirri

text: Amer

text: was

text: close

text: to

text: King

text: Farouk

text: and

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: the

text: Officer

text: 's

text: Club

text: normally

text: a

text: ceremonial

text: office

text: with

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: backing

text: Nasser

text: was

text: determined

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: from

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: with

text: Amer

text: as

text: the

text: intercessor

text: resolved

text: to

text: field

text: a

text: nominee

text: for

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: They

text: selected

text: Muhammad

text: Naguib

text: a

text: popular

text: general

text: who

text: had

text: offered

text: his

text: resignation

text: to

text: Farouk

text: in

text: over

text: British

text: high

text: handedness

text: and

text: was

text: wounded

text: three

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: Palestine

text: War

text: Naguib

text: won

text: overwhelmingly

text: and

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: through

text: their

text: connection

text: with

text: a

text: leading

text: Egyptian

text: daily

text: al

text: Misri

text: publicized

text: his

text: victory

text: while

text: praising

text: the

text: nationalistic

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: army

question: Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club?

answer: Sirri Amer

text: Sirri Amer

question: Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?

answer: Muhammad Naguib

text: Muhammad Naguib

question: How many times was Naguib wounded?

answer: three

text: three

question: What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda?

answer: al-Misri

text: al-Misri

question: In what war was Naguib wounded?

answer: Palestine War

text: Palestine War


text: Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: telephone

text: communications

text: in

text: Greece

text: were

text: a

text: state

text: monopoly

text: by

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Telecommunications

text: Organization

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: acronym

text: OTE

text: Despite

text: the

text: liberalization

text: of

text: telephone

text: communications

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: OTE

text: still

text: dominates

text: the

text: Greek

text: market

text: in

text: its

text: field

text: and

text: has

text: emerged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: telecommunications

text: companies

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Since

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: major

text: shareholder

text: is

text: Deutsche

text: Telekom

text: with

text: a

text: stake

text: while

text: the

text: Greek

text: state

text: continues

text: to

text: own

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: shares

text: OTE

text: owns

text: several

text: subsidiaries

text: across

text: the

text: Balkans

text: including

text: Cosmote

text: Greece

text: 's

text: top

text: mobile

text: telecommunications

text: provider

text: Cosmote

text: Romania

text: and

text: Albanian

text: Mobile

text: Communications

question: Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?

answer: state

text: state

question: What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization better known by the acronym of?

answer: OTE

text: OTE

question: When did the liberalization of the telephone communications in Greece happen?

answer: 1980s

question: What company has a 40% stake in OTE?

answer: Deutsche Telekom

text: Deutsche Telekom

question: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state own?

answer: 10%


text: In addition, people with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behaviour, and that for guardians of dogs these effects are relatively long-term. Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased coronary artery disease survival, with human guardians being significantly less likely to die within one year of an acute myocardial infarction than those who did not own dogs.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: In

text: addition

text: people

text: with

text: pet

text: dogs

text: took

text: considerably

text: more

text: physical

text: exercise

text: than

text: those

text: with

text: cats

text: and

text: those

text: without

text: pets

text: The

text: results

text: provide

text: evidence

text: that

text: keeping

text: pets

text: may

text: have

text: positive

text: effects

text: on

text: human

text: health

text: and

text: behaviour

text: and

text: that

text: for

text: guardians

text: of

text: dogs

text: these

text: effects

text: are

text: relatively

text: long

text: term

text: Pet

text: guardianship

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: increased

text: coronary

text: artery

text: disease

text: survival

text: with

text: human

text: guardians

text: being

text: significantly

text: less

text: likely

text: to

text: die

text: within

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: an

text: acute

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: than

text: those

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: own

text: dogs

question: People with dogs get more of what than people with cats or no animals?

answer: exercise

text: exercise

question: People with dogs do what more than people who have cats or no pets?

answer: exercise

text: exercise


text: From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: From

text: to

text: Dell

text: enjoyed

text: steady

text: growth

text: and

text: it

text: gained

text: market

text: share

text: from

text: competitors

text: even

text: during

text: industry

text: slumps

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: rival

text: PC

text: vendors

text: such

text: as

text: Compaq

text: Gateway

text: IBM

text: Packard

text: Bell

text: and

text: AST

text: Research

text: struggled

text: and

text: eventually

text: left

text: the

text: market

text: or

text: were

text: bought

text: out

text: Dell

text: surpassed

text: Compaq

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: largest

text: PC

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: Operating

text: costs

text: made

text: up

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: Dell

text: 's

text: billion

text: in

text: revenue

text: in

text: compared

text: with

text: percent

text: of

text: revenue

text: at

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: percent

text: at

text: Gateway

text: and

text: percent

text: at

text: Cisco

text: In

text: when

text: Compaq

text: merged

text: with

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: the

text: fourth

text: place

text: PC

text: maker

text: the

text: newly

text: combined

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: took

text: the

text: top

text: spot

text: but

text: struggled

text: and

text: Dell

text: soon

text: regained

text: its

text: lead

text: Dell

text: grew

text: the

text: fastest

text: in

text: the

text: early

question: What did Dell enjoy from 1997 to 2004?

answer: steady growth

text: steady growth

question: What company did Dell overtake as the largest PC manufacturer?

answer: Compaq

text: Compaq

question: How much were Dell profiting in 2002?

answer: $35 billion

text: $35 billion

question: What company did Compaq merge with in 2002?

answer: Hewlett Packard

text: Hewlett Packard

question: What company was the fastest growing in the early 2000s?

answer: Dell

text: Dell


text: Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames. The sequence of frames contains spatial and temporal redundancy that video compression algorithms attempt to eliminate or code in a smaller size. Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between frames, or by using perceptual features of human vision. For example, small differences in color are more difficult to perceive than are changes in brightness. Compression algorithms can average a color across these similar areas to reduce space, in a manner similar to those used in JPEG image compression. Some of these methods are inherently lossy while others may preserve all relevant information from the original, uncompressed video.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Video

text: data

text: may

text: be

text: represented

text: as

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: image

text: frames

text: The

text: sequence

text: of

text: frames

text: contains

text: spatial

text: and

text: temporal

text: redundancy

text: that

text: video

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: attempt

text: to

text: eliminate

text: or

text: code

text: in

text: a

text: smaller

text: size

text: Similarities

text: can

text: be

text: encoded

text: by

text: only

text: storing

text: differences

text: between

text: frames

text: or

text: by

text: using

text: perceptual

text: features

text: of

text: human

text: vision

text: For

text: example

text: small

text: differences

text: in

text: color

text: are

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: perceive

text: than

text: are

text: changes

text: in

text: brightness

text: Compression

text: algorithms

text: can

text: average

text: a

text: color

text: across

text: these

text: similar

text: areas

text: to

text: reduce

text: space

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: used

text: in

text: JPEG

text: image

text: compression

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: methods

text: are

text: inherently

text: lossy

text: while

text: others

text: may

text: preserve

text: all

text: relevant

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: uncompressed

text: video

question: What may be represented as a series of still image frames?

answer: Video data

text: Video data

question: What can average a color across similar areas to reduce space?

answer: Compression algorithms

text: Compression algorithms

question: What is hard to tell with smaller differences involved?

answer: color

text: color


text: Sherman Ave is a humor website that formed in January 2011. The website often publishes content about Northwestern student life, and most of Sherman Ave's staffed writers are current Northwestern undergraduate students writing under pseudonyms. The publication is well known among students for its interviews of prominent campus figures, its "Freshman Guide", its live-tweeting coverage of football games, and its satiric campaign in autumn 2012 to end the Vanderbilt University football team's clubbing of baby seals.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Sherman

text: Ave

text: is

text: a

text: humor

text: website

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: website

text: often

text: publishes

text: content

text: about

text: Northwestern

text: student

text: life

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: Sherman

text: Ave

text: 's

text: staffed

text: writers

text: are

text: current

text: Northwestern

text: undergraduate

text: students

text: writing

text: under

text: pseudonyms

text: The

text: publication

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: among

text: students

text: for

text: its

text: interviews

text: of

text: prominent

text: campus

text: figures

text: its

text: Freshman

text: Guide

text: its

text: live

text: tweeting

text: coverage

text: of

text: football

text: games

text: and

text: its

text: satiric

text: campaign

text: in

text: autumn

text: to

text: end

text: the

text: Vanderbilt

text: University

text: football

text: team

text: 's

text: clubbing

text: of

text: baby

text: seals

question: What is the name Northwestern's humor website formed in 2011?

answer: Sherman Ave

text: Sherman Ave

question: What do many of the writers staffed by Sherman Ave write under?

answer: pseudonyms

text: pseudonyms

question: Which website publishes the well known "Freshman Guide"?

answer: Sherman Ave

text: Sherman Ave


text: Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises. Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, 12 partially privatized, and 20 liquidated. In 2005, the Malian government conceded a railroad company to the Savage Corporation. Two major companies, Societé de Telecommunications du Mali (SOTELMA) and the Cotton Ginning Company (CMDT), were expected to be privatized in 2008.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Mali

text: underwent

text: economic

text: reform

text: beginning

text: in

text: by

text: signing

text: agreements

text: with

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: During

text: to

text: Mali

text: 's

text: government

text: largely

text: reformed

text: public

text: enterprises

text: Since

text: the

text: agreement

text: sixteen

text: enterprises

text: were

text: privatized

text: partially

text: privatized

text: and

text: liquidated

text: In

text: the

text: Malian

text: government

text: conceded

text: a

text: railroad

text: company

text: to

text: the

text: Savage

text: Corporation

text: Two

text: major

text: companies

text: Societé

text: de

text: Telecommunications

text: du

text: Mali

text: SOTELMA

text: and

text: the

text: Cotton

text: Ginning

text: Company

text: CMDT

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: privatized

text: in

question: In what year did Mali start economic changes?

answer: 1988

question: Mali signed agreements with what to parties that began their economic changes?

answer: World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

text: World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

question: In what years did Mali restructure public enterprises?

answer: 1988 to 1996

text: 1988 to 1996

question: How many enterprises have been made completely private since the agreement?

answer: sixteen enterprises

text: sixteen enterprises

question: How many companies were completely liquidated?

answer: 20


text: All modern birds lie within the crown group Aves (alternately Neornithes), which has two subdivisions: the Palaeognathae, which includes the flightless ratites (such as the ostriches) and the weak-flying tinamous, and the extremely diverse Neognathae, containing all other birds. These two subdivisions are often given the rank of superorder, although Livezey and Zusi assigned them "cohort" rank. Depending on the taxonomic viewpoint, the number of known living bird species varies anywhere from 9,800 to 10,050.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: All

text: modern

text: birds

text: lie

text: within

text: the

text: crown

text: group

text: Aves

text: alternately

text: Neornithes

text: which

text: has

text: two

text: subdivisions

text: the

text: Palaeognathae

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: flightless

text: ratites

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ostriches

text: and

text: the

text: weak

text: flying

text: tinamous

text: and

text: the

text: extremely

text: diverse

text: Neognathae

text: containing

text: all

text: other

text: birds

text: These

text: two

text: subdivisions

text: are

text: often

text: given

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: superorder

text: although

text: Livezey

text: and

text: Zusi

text: assigned

text: them

text: cohort

text: rank

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: taxonomic

text: viewpoint

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: known

text: living

text: bird

text: species

text: varies

text: anywhere

text: from

text: to

question: All modern birds lie within which crown group?

answer: Aves

text: Aves

question: What is another name for Aves?

answer: Neornithes

text: Neornithes

question: The two subdivisions of what group include Palaeognathae and Neognathae?

answer: Aves

text: Aves

question: What is the number range of living bird species?

answer: 9,800 to 10,050

text: 9,800 to 10,050


text: The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content.

title: Green

title: Green

text: The

text: modern

text: English

text: word

text: green

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: English

text: and

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: word

text: grene

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: Germanic

text: root

text: as

text: the

text: words

text: grass

text: and

text: grow

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: living

text: grass

text: and

text: leaves

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: is

text: the

text: color

text: most

text: associated

text: with

text: springtime

text: growth

text: and

text: nature

text: By

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: contributor

text: to

text: green

text: in

text: nature

text: is

text: chlorophyll

text: the

text: chemical

text: by

text: which

text: plants

text: photosynthesize

text: and

text: convert

text: sunlight

text: into

text: chemical

text: energy

text: Many

text: creatures

text: have

text: adapted

text: to

text: their

text: green

text: environments

text: by

text: taking

text: on

text: a

text: green

text: hue

text: themselves

text: as

text: camouflage

text: Several

text: minerals

text: have

text: a

text: green

text: color

text: including

text: the

text: emerald

text: which

text: is

text: colored

text: green

text: by

text: its

text: chromium

text: content

question: Which old english word does the word "green" originate from?

answer: grene

text: grene

question: Other than "grass", what other Germanic root word is similar to green?

answer: grow

text: grow

question: Which season is green most commonly associated with?

answer: springtime

text: springtime

question: Which chemical in plants is the largest contributor to the color green?

answer: chlorophyll

text: chlorophyll

question: What an is an example of a green mineral?

answer: emerald

text: emerald

question: What, in nature, is most likely to make things green?

answer: chlorophyll

text: chlorophyll

question: For what do some animals use the color green?

answer: camouflage

text: camouflage

question: What chemical causes emeralds to be green?

answer: chromium

text: chromium

question: From which Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word is green derived?

answer: grene

text: grene


text: In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: In

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: western

text: extent

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundians

text: The

text: Alemanni

text: settled

text: the

text: Swiss

text: plateau

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: forming

text: Alemannia

text: Modern

text: day

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: therefore

text: then

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Alemannia

text: and

text: Burgundy

text: The

text: entire

text: region

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: expanding

text: Frankish

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: following

text: Clovis

text: I

text: 's

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Alemanni

text: at

text: Tolbiac

text: in

text: AD

text: and

text: later

text: Frankish

text: domination

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundians

question: From the end of the 4th century, what territory was the western extent of modern-day Switzerland part of?

answer: the Kings of the Burgundians

text: the Kings of the Burgundians

question: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 5th century?

answer: the Swiss plateau

text: the Swiss plateau

question: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 8th century, forming Alemannia?

answer: valleys of the Alps

text: valleys of the Alps

question: In the 8th century, what two kingdoms made up Modern-day Switzerland?

answer: Alemannia and Burgundy

text: Alemannia and Burgundy

question: What Empire did the entire region of Modern-day Switzerland become part of in the 6th century?

answer: Frankish Empire

text: Frankish Empire


text: An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly have paid billions of dollars in federal settlements over allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses. Some prominent medical schools have since tightened rules on faculty acceptance of such payments by drug companies.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: An

text: investigation

text: by

text: ProPublica

text: found

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: doctors

text: have

text: been

text: paid

text: more

text: than

text: for

text: speeches

text: and

text: consulting

text: by

text: drugs

text: manufacturers

text: since

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: earners

text: working

text: in

text: psychiatry

text: and

text: about

text: billion

text: in

text: total

text: paid

text: to

text: doctors

text: for

text: such

text: services

text: AstraZeneca

text: Johnson

text: Johnson

text: and

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: have

text: paid

text: billions

text: of

text: dollars

text: in

text: federal

text: settlements

text: over

text: allegations

text: that

text: they

text: paid

text: doctors

text: to

text: promote

text: drugs

text: for

text: unapproved

text: uses

text: Some

text: prominent

text: medical

text: schools

text: have

text: since

text: tightened

text: rules

text: on

text: faculty

text: acceptance

text: of

text: such

text: payments

text: by

text: drug

text: companies

question: Who conduced an investigation on doctors?

answer: ProPublica

text: ProPublica

question: Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies?

answer: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly

text: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly

question: How much was discovered to have been paid to doctors by drug companies?

answer: more than $500,000

text: more than $500,000

question: What was the reason these companies have to pay fines?

answer: allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses

text: allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses

question: How many doctors have been paid by varies companies?

answer: at least 21

text: at least 21

question: A ProPublica study found that some doctors were being paid how much money for speeches?

answer: more than $500,000

text: more than $500,000

question: Half of the top earners were mostly in what field?

answer: psychiatry

text: psychiatry

question: Drug manufacturers paid off doctors a total of how much money?

answer: $2 billion

text: $2 billion


text: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: private

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: and

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: persons

text: per

text: household

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: only

text: one

text: person

text: and

text: households

text: with

text: five

text: or

text: more

text: people

text: In

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: apartments

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: were

text: permanently

text: occupied

text: while

text: apartments

text: were

text: seasonally

text: occupied

text: and

text: apartments

text: were

text: empty

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: construction

text: rate

text: of

text: new

text: housing

text: units

text: was

text: new

text: units

text: per

text: residents

question: What is the average of people per household in Bern?

answer: 1.8 persons

text: 1.8 persons

question: How many households have 5 or more people living in them?

answer: 1,592

question: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?

answer: 90.6%

question: What percent of apartments are seasonal apartments?

answer: 7.4%


text: The Bulgarian Empire was in decline by the 14th century, and the ascendancy of Serbia was marked by the Serbian victory over the Bulgarians in the Battle of Velbazhd in 1330. By 1346, the Serbian king Stefan Dušan had been proclaimed emperor. Yet Serbian dominance was short-lived; the Serbian army led by the Lazar Hrebljevanovic was defeated by the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, where most of the Serbian nobility was killed and the south of the country came under Ottoman occupation, as much of southern Bulgaria had become Ottoman territory in 1371. Northern remnants of Bulgaria were finally conquered by 1396, Serbia fell in 1459, Bosnia in 1463, and Albania was finally subordinated in 1479 only a few years after the death of Skanderbeg. Belgrade, an Hungarian domain at the time, was the last large Balkan city to fall under Ottoman rule, in 1521. By the end of the medieval period, the entire Balkan peninsula was annexed by, or became vassal to, the Ottomans.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Bulgarian

text: Empire

text: was

text: in

text: decline

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: ascendancy

text: of

text: Serbia

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: Serbian

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Bulgarians

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Velbazhd

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: Serbian

text: king

text: Stefan

text: Dušan

text: had

text: been

text: proclaimed

text: emperor

text: Yet

text: Serbian

text: dominance

text: was

text: short

text: lived

text: the

text: Serbian

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Lazar

text: Hrebljevanovic

text: was

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: in

text: where

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Serbian

text: nobility

text: was

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: came

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: occupation

text: as

text: much

text: of

text: southern

text: Bulgaria

text: had

text: become

text: Ottoman

text: territory

text: in

text: Northern

text: remnants

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: were

text: finally

text: conquered

text: by

text: Serbia

text: fell

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: in

text: and

text: Albania

text: was

text: finally

text: subordinated

text: in

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Skanderbeg

text: Belgrade

text: an

text: Hungarian

text: domain

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: large

text: Balkan

text: city

text: to

text: fall

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: the

text: entire

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: or

text: became

text: vassal

text: to

text: the

text: Ottomans

question: In what year did Belgrade fall to the Ottomans?

answer: 1521

question: Who led led the Serbian Army at the Battle of Kosovo?

answer: Lazar Hrebljevanovic

text: Lazar Hrebljevanovic

question: In what year was the Battle of Kosovo?

answer: 1389

question: What event resulted in the triumph of Serbia over Bulgaria in 1330?

answer: Battle of Velbazhd

text: Battle of Velbazhd

question: Which country was conquered by the Ottomans in 1479?

answer: Albania

text: Albania


text: Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Swiss

text: are

text: fans

text: of

text: football

text: and

text: the

text: national

text: team

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Nati

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: 's

text: governing

text: body

text: the

text: International

text: Federation

text: of

text: Association

text: Football

text: FIFA

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Zürich

text: Switzerland

text: hosted

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: joint

text: host

text: with

text: Austria

text: of

text: the

text: Euro

text: tournament

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Super

text: League

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: professional

text: club

text: league

text: For

text: the

text: Brasil

text: World

text: Cup

text: finals

text: tournament

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: German

text: speaking

text: cantons

text: will

text: be

text: closely

text: monitored

text: by

text: local

text: police

text: forces

text: to

text: prevent

text: celebrations

text: beyond

text: one

text: hour

text: after

text: matches

text: end

text: Europe

text: 's

text: highest

text: football

text: pitch

text: at

text: metres

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: is

text: named

text: the

text: Ottmar

text: Hitzfeld

text: Stadium

question: What is the nickname for the Swiss national football team?

answer: Nati

text: Nati

question: What does FIFA stand for?

answer: International Federation of Association Football

text: International Federation of Association Football

question: Where is Europe's highest football pitch located?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

question: Where is the FIFA located?

answer: Zürich

text: Zürich

question: Which FIFA world cup did Switzerland host?

answer: 1954


text: The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854. The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration. Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[page needed] Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: Crimean

text: War

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: running

text: contest

text: between

text: the

text: major

text: European

text: powers

text: for

text: influence

text: over

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: declining

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: financial

text: burden

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: led

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: to

text: issue

text: foreign

text: loans

text: amounting

text: to

text: million

text: pounds

text: sterling

text: on

text: August

text: The

text: war

text: caused

text: an

text: exodus

text: of

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Tatars

text: about

text: of

text: whom

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: continuing

text: waves

text: of

text: emigration

text: Toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Caucasian

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: Circassians

text: were

text: ethnically

text: cleansed

text: and

text: exiled

text: from

text: their

text: homelands

text: in

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: and

text: fled

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: to

text: Circassians

text: in

text: Turkey.[page

text: needed

text: Some

text: Circassian

text: organisations

text: give

text: much

text: higher

text: numbers

text: totaling

text: million

text: deported

text: or

text: killed

question: During what years did the Crimean War take place?

answer: 1853–1856

question: On what date did the Ottoman empire issue foreign loans to deal with the cost of the war?

answer: 4 August 1854

text: 4 August 1854

question: Roughly 200,000 individuals of what group left Crimea during the war?

answer: Crimean Tatars

text: Crimean Tatars

question: Roughly 90% of what group were pushed from their homes or ethnically cleansed during the Caucasian Wars?

answer: Circassians

text: Circassians

question: Where did Circassians settle to when leaving their homes in the Caucasus?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey


text: In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: Safavid

text: Empire

text: divided

text: Armenia

text: From

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: both

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: fell

text: under

text: Iranian

text: Safavid

text: rule

text: Owing

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: long

text: Turco

text: Iranian

text: geo

text: political

text: rivalry

text: that

text: would

text: last

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: significant

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: were

text: frequently

text: fought

text: over

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: rivalling

text: empires

text: From

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Amasya

text: and

text: decisively

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Zuhab

text: until

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: successive

text: Iranian

text: Safavid

text: Afsharid

text: and

text: Qajar

text: empires

text: while

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: remained

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: rule

question: Which empires seperated Armenia?

answer: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire

text: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire

question: Who controlled Western Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman

question: Who controlled Eastern Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?

answer: Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires

text: Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires

question: How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last?

answer: century

text: century


text: The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of "Friends of Falun Gong", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: The

text: outreach

text: director

text: of

text: HRTR

text: Susan

text: Prager

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: communication

text: director

text: of

text: Friends

text: of

text: Falun

text: Gong

text: a

text: quasi

text: government

text: non

text: profit

text: funded

text: by

text: fmr

text: Congressman

text: Tom

text: Lanto

text: 's

text: wife

text: and

text: Ambassador

text: Mark

text: Palmer

text: of

text: NED

text: A

text: major

text: setback

text: to

text: the

text: event

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: footballer

text: Diego

text: Maradona

text: scheduled

text: to

text: open

text: the

text: relay

text: through

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: pulling

text: out

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: Olympic

text: controversy

text: Trying

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: scenes

text: that

text: marred

text: the

text: relay

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: the

text: city

text: government

text: designed

text: a

text: complex

text: security

text: operative

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: involving

text: police

text: officers

text: and

text: other

text: people

text: including

text: public

text: employees

text: and

text: volunteers

text: Overall

text: the

text: protests

text: were

text: peaceful

text: in

text: nature

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: a

text: few

text: incidents

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: throwing

text: of

text: several

text: water

text: balloons

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: extinguish

text: the

text: Olympic

text: flame

text: and

text: minor

text: scuffles

text: between

text: Olympic

text: protesters

text: and

text: supporters

text: from

text: Chinese

text: immigrant

text: communities

question: Who was the outreach director of HRTR?

answer: Susan Prager

text: Susan Prager

question: What was the non profit that was funded by Mark Palmer?

answer: Friends of Falun Gong

text: Friends of Falun Gong

question: Which footballer decided to not be a torchbearer because of the controversy?

answer: Diego Maradona

text: Diego Maradona

question: How many police officers were in place to avoid controversy along the torch route?

answer: 1200

question: What was thrown to try and put out the flame?

answer: water balloons

text: water balloons

question: What is Susan Prager communication director of?

answer: Friends of Falun Gong

text: Friends of Falun Gong

question: What football star backed out due to relay controversy?

answer: Diego Maradona

text: Diego Maradona

question: How many police officers were part of the security operative?

answer: 1200

question: What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out?

answer: water balloons

text: water balloons

question: The protests were considered to be overall what in nature?

answer: peaceful

text: peaceful


text: The Estonian literature refers to literature written in the Estonian language (ca. 1 million speakers). The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The Liber Census Daniae (1241) contains Estonian place and family names.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: Estonian

text: literature

text: refers

text: to

text: literature

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: ca

text: million

text: speakers

text: The

text: domination

text: of

text: Estonia

text: after

text: the

text: Northern

text: Crusades

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: by

text: Germany

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Russia

text: resulted

text: in

text: few

text: early

text: written

text: literary

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: The

text: oldest

text: records

text: of

text: written

text: Estonian

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Originates

text: Livoniae

text: in

text: Chronicle

text: of

text: Henry

text: of

text: Livonia

text: contains

text: Estonian

text: place

text: names

text: words

text: and

text: fragments

text: of

text: sentences

text: The

text: Liber

text: Census

text: Daniae

text: contains

text: Estonian

text: place

text: and

text: family

text: names

question: What event preceded the domination of Estonia by different European powers?

answer: the Northern Crusades

text: the Northern Crusades

question: Which three nations occupied Estonia up until 1918?

answer: Germany, Sweden, and Russia

text: Germany, Sweden, and Russia

question: What era contains the oldest records of written Estonia works?

answer: the 13th century

text: the 13th century

question: What document dated in 1241 contains place and family names?

answer: The Liber Census Daniae

text: The Liber Census Daniae


text: The very large and ornate School Hall and School Library (by L K. Hall) were erected in 1906-8 across the road from Upper School as the school's memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War. Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the Great War. A bomb destroyed part of Upper School in World War Two and blew out many windows in the Chapel. The college commissioned replacements by Evie Hone (1949–52) and by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens (1959 onwards).

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: The

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: ornate

text: School

text: Hall

text: and

text: School

text: Library

text: by

text: L

text: K.

text: Hall

text: were

text: erected

text: in

text: across

text: the

text: road

text: from

text: Upper

text: School

text: as

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: memorial

text: to

text: the

text: Etonians

text: who

text: had

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: Boer

text: War

text: Many

text: tablets

text: in

text: the

text: cloisters

text: and

text: chapel

text: commemorate

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: dead

text: Etonians

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: A

text: bomb

text: destroyed

text: part

text: of

text: Upper

text: School

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: Two

text: and

text: blew

text: out

text: many

text: windows

text: in

text: the

text: Chapel

text: The

text: college

text: commissioned

text: replacements

text: by

text: Evie

text: Hone

text: and

text: by

text: John

text: Piper

text: and

text: Patrick

text: Reyntiens

text: onwards

question: To whom were School Hall and School Library erected in memoriam of?

answer: Etonians who had died in the Boer War

text: Etonians who had died in the Boer War

question: What destroyed part of the Upper School and Chapel in WWII?

answer: A bomb

text: A bomb

question: Who was hired to replace windows in the Chapel from 1949-1952?

answer: Evie Hone

text: Evie Hone


text: However, since the 20th century, indigenous peoples in the Americas have been more vocal about the ways they wish to be referred to, pressing for the elimination of terms widely considered to be obsolete, inaccurate, or racist. During the latter half of the 20th century and the rise of the Indian rights movement, the United States government responded by proposing the use of the term "Native American," to recognize the primacy of indigenous peoples' tenure in the nation, but this term was not fully accepted. Other naming conventions have been proposed and used, but none are accepted by all indigenous groups.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: However

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: have

text: been

text: more

text: vocal

text: about

text: the

text: ways

text: they

text: wish

text: to

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: pressing

text: for

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: terms

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: obsolete

text: inaccurate

text: or

text: racist

text: During

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: rights

text: movement

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: responded

text: by

text: proposing

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Native

text: American

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: primacy

text: of

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: tenure

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: but

text: this

text: term

text: was

text: not

text: fully

text: accepted

text: Other

text: naming

text: conventions

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: and

text: used

text: but

text: are

text: accepted

text: by

text: all

text: indigenous

text: groups

question: What have the peoples in the Americas been more vocal about since the 20th century?

answer: the ways they wish to be referred to

text: the ways they wish to be referred to

question: What terms do the indigenous people press to eliminate?

answer: obsolete, inaccurate, or racist.

text: obsolete, inaccurate, or racist.

question: Who initially proposed using the term "Native American" to recognize the primacy of the native population?

answer: United States government

text: United States government

question: What naming convention is accepted by all indigenous groups?

answer: none


text: It was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the 2nd century AD, Daoists formed large hierarchical religious societies such as the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice. Its followers believed that the sage-philosopher Laozi (fl. 6th century BC) was a holy prophet who would offer salvation and good health if his devout followers would confess their sins, ban the worship of unclean gods who accepted meat sacrifices and chant sections of the Daodejing.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: It

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: immortality

text: could

text: be

text: achieved

text: if

text: one

text: reached

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: Mother

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: or

text: Mount

text: Penglai

text: Han

text: era

text: Daoists

text: assembled

text: into

text: small

text: groups

text: of

text: hermits

text: who

text: attempted

text: to

text: achieve

text: immortality

text: through

text: breathing

text: exercises

text: sexual

text: techniques

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: medical

text: elixirs

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: Daoists

text: formed

text: large

text: hierarchical

text: religious

text: societies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Way

text: of

text: the

text: Five

text: Pecks

text: of

text: Rice

text: Its

text: followers

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: sage

text: philosopher

text: Laozi

text: fl

text: century

text: BC

text: was

text: a

text: holy

text: prophet

text: who

text: would

text: offer

text: salvation

text: and

text: good

text: health

text: if

text: his

text: devout

text: followers

text: would

text: confess

text: their

text: sins

text: ban

text: the

text: worship

text: of

text: unclean

text: gods

text: who

text: accepted

text: meat

text: sacrifices

text: and

text: chant

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: Daodejing

question: What was the purpose of breathing exercises to a Daoist?

answer: achieve immortality

text: achieve immortality

question: What could the prophet Laozi offer in return for the confession of sins?

answer: salvation and good health

text: salvation and good health

question: What type of religion did the society of the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice practice?

answer: Daoists

text: Daoists

question: What could be earned if an individual had reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West?

answer: immortality

text: immortality

question: What literal work were followers of Laozi expected to chant?

answer: Daodejing

text: Daodejing


text: According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: According

text: to

text: Eurostat

text: the

text: EU

text: statistical

text: agency

text: in

text: the

text: Commune

text: of

text: Paris

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: the

text: statistical

text: area

text: ahead

text: of

text: Inner

text: London

text: West

text: which

text: had

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: census

text: three

text: departments

text: bordering

text: Paris

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: Seine

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: and

text: Val

text: de

text: Marne

text: had

text: population

text: densities

text: of

text: over

text: ten

text: thousand

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: ranking

text: among

text: the

text: ten

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: EU

question: What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?

answer: Commune of Paris

text: Commune of Paris

question: How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?

answer: 21,616

question: What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?

answer: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne

text: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne


text: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them".

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: The

text: treatise

text: The

text: Natural

text: Varieties

text: of

text: Mankind

text: by

text: Johann

text: Friedrich

text: Blumenbach

text: proposed

text: five

text: major

text: divisions

text: the

text: Caucasoid

text: race

text: Mongoloid

text: race

text: Ethiopian

text: race

text: later

text: termed

text: Negroid

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: narrower

text: Ethiopid

text: race

text: American

text: Indian

text: race

text: and

text: Malayan

text: race

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: propose

text: any

text: hierarchy

text: among

text: the

text: races

text: Blumenbach

text: also

text: noted

text: the

text: graded

text: transition

text: in

text: appearances

text: from

text: one

text: group

text: to

text: adjacent

text: groups

text: and

text: suggested

text: that

text: one

text: variety

text: of

text: mankind

text: does

text: so

text: sensibly

text: pass

text: into

text: the

text: other

text: that

text: you

text: can

text: not

text: mark

text: out

text: the

text: limits

text: between

text: them

question: What year was Blumenbach's treatise published?

answer: 1775

question: How many divisions did Blumenbach's treatise specify?

answer: five

text: five

question: What type of transition was noted from one group to the next?

answer: graded

text: graded

question: What can one not mark between the variety of mankind?

answer: limits

text: limits

question: What race was later renamed to Negroid?

answer: Ethiopian

text: Ethiopian


text: The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map. The map is enriched with many naturalistic features, like animals, fishing boats, bridges and palm trees

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: single

text: most

text: important

text: piece

text: of

text: Byzantine

text: Christian

text: mosaic

text: art

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: is

text: the

text: Madaba

text: Map

text: made

text: between

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: of

text: Saint

text: George

text: at

text: Madaba

text: Jordan

text: It

text: was

text: rediscovered

text: in

text: The

text: Madaba

text: Map

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: cartographic

text: depiction

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: It

text: depicts

text: an

text: area

text: from

text: Lebanon

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Desert

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: detailed

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: topographic

text: depiction

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: map

text: The

text: map

text: is

text: enriched

text: with

text: many

text: naturalistic

text: features

text: like

text: animals

text: fishing

text: boats

text: bridges

text: and

text: palm

text: trees

question: What is the most important mosaic piece built by Byzantine Christians?

answer: the Madaba Map

text: the Madaba Map

question: When was the the Madaba Map made?

answer: between 542 and 570

text: between 542 and 570

question: Where is the church of Saint George?

answer: Madaba, Jordan

text: Madaba, Jordan

question: When was the Madaba Map rediscovered?

answer: 1894

question: The Madaba Map depicts as far South as the Nile delta, and as far North as what country?

answer: Lebanon

text: Lebanon


text: Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Tennessee

text: i

text: tɛnᵻˈsiː/

text: Cherokee

text: ᏔᎾᏏ

text: Tanasi

text: is

text: a

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: United

text: States

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kentucky

text: and

text: Virginia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: North

text: Carolina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Georgia

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Mississippi

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Arkansas

text: and

text: Missouri

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: dominate

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: forms

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: western

text: border

text: Tennessee

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Nashville

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Memphis

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

question: Which state borders Tennessee to the east?

answer: North Carolina

text: North Carolina

question: Which mountains occupy much of eastern Tennessee?

answer: Appalachian Mountains

text: Appalachian Mountains

question: Which river marks Tennessee's border to the west?

answer: Mississippi River

text: Mississippi River

question: What is the capital of Tennessee?

answer: Nashville

text: Nashville

question: What is Tennessee's most populous city?

answer: Memphis

text: Memphis


text: From that moment Galicia, which participated to a minor extent in the American expansion of the Spanish Empire, found itself at the center of the Atlantic wars fought by Spain against the French and the Protestant powers of England and the Netherlands, whose privateers attacked the coastal areas, but major assaults were not common as the coastline was difficult and the harbors easily defended. The most famous assaults were upon the city of Vigo by Sir Francis Drake in 1585 and 1589, and the siege of A Coruña in 1589 by the English Armada. Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by Barbary pirates, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas. The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of Cangas in 1617. At the time, the king's petitions for money and troops became more frequent, due to the human and economic exhaustion of Castile; the Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia (the local Cortes or representative assembly) was initially receptive to these petitions, raising large sums, accepting the conscription of the men of the kingdom, and even commissioning a new naval squadron which was sustained with the incomes of the Kingdom.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: From

text: that

text: moment

text: Galicia

text: which

text: participated

text: to

text: a

text: minor

text: extent

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: found

text: itself

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: wars

text: fought

text: by

text: Spain

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: the

text: Protestant

text: powers

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: whose

text: privateers

text: attacked

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: but

text: major

text: assaults

text: were

text: not

text: common

text: as

text: the

text: coastline

text: was

text: difficult

text: and

text: the

text: harbors

text: easily

text: defended

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: assaults

text: were

text: upon

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Vigo

text: by

text: Sir

text: Francis

text: Drake

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: A

text: Coruña

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Armada

text: Galicia

text: also

text: suffered

text: occasional

text: slave

text: raids

text: by

text: Barbary

text: pirates

text: but

text: not

text: as

text: frequently

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coastal

text: areas

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: Barbary

text: attack

text: was

text: the

text: bloody

text: sack

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Cangas

text: in

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: petitions

text: for

text: money

text: and

text: troops

text: became

text: more

text: frequent

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: and

text: economic

text: exhaustion

text: of

text: Castile

text: the

text: Junta

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: the

text: local

text: Cortes

text: or

text: representative

text: assembly

text: was

text: initially

text: receptive

text: to

text: these

text: petitions

text: raising

text: large

text: sums

text: accepting

text: the

text: conscription

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: and

text: even

text: commissioning

text: a

text: new

text: naval

text: squadron

text: which

text: was

text: sustained

text: with

text: the

text: incomes

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

question: Where did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1585 and again in 1589?

answer: Vigo

text: Vigo

question: Who attacked Cangas in 1617?

answer: Barbary pirates

text: Barbary pirates


text: The indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most useful for extremely large projects as it gives the maker time to rework areas, allows the cementing of the tiles to the backing panel to be carried out quickly in one operation and helps ensure that the front surfaces of the mosaic tiles and mosaic pieces are flat and in the same plane on the front, even when using tiles and pieces of differing thicknesses. Mosaic murals, benches and tabletops are some of the items usually made using the indirect method, as it results in a smoother and more even surface.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: indirect

text: method

text: of

text: applying

text: tesserae

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: very

text: large

text: projects

text: projects

text: with

text: repetitive

text: elements

text: or

text: for

text: areas

text: needing

text: site

text: specific

text: shapes

text: Tiles

text: are

text: applied

text: face

text: down

text: to

text: a

text: backing

text: paper

text: using

text: an

text: adhesive

text: and

text: later

text: transferred

text: onto

text: walls

text: floors

text: or

text: craft

text: projects

text: This

text: method

text: is

text: most

text: useful

text: for

text: extremely

text: large

text: projects

text: as

text: it

text: gives

text: the

text: maker

text: time

text: to

text: rework

text: areas

text: allows

text: the

text: cementing

text: of

text: the

text: tiles

text: to

text: the

text: backing

text: panel

text: to

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: quickly

text: in

text: one

text: operation

text: and

text: helps

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: front

text: surfaces

text: of

text: the

text: mosaic

text: tiles

text: and

text: mosaic

text: pieces

text: are

text: flat

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: plane

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: even

text: when

text: using

text: tiles

text: and

text: pieces

text: of

text: differing

text: thicknesses

text: Mosaic

text: murals

text: benches

text: and

text: tabletops

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: items

text: usually

text: made

text: using

text: the

text: indirect

text: method

text: as

text: it

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: smoother

text: and

text: more

text: even

text: surface

question: How were larger mosaics usually constructed?

answer: face-down to a backing paper

text: face-down to a backing paper

question: Why was adding a step i production useful for larger projects?

answer: gives the maker time to rework

text: gives the maker time to rework

question: What is the style called of putting tessere on a backing paper?

answer: the indirect method

text: the indirect method

question: What besides benches and tabletops was usually created using the indirect method?

answer: murals

text: murals

question: The indirect method also helped for projects with what kinds of areas?

answer: repetitive

text: repetitive


text: Popper had his own sophisticated views on evolution that go much beyond what the frequently-quoted passages say. In effect, Popper agreed with some of the points of both creationists and naturalists, but also disagreed with both views on crucial aspects. Popper understood the universe as a creative entity that invents new things, including life, but without the necessity of something like a god, especially not one who is pulling strings from behind the curtain. He said that evolution must, as the creationists say, work in a goal-directed way but disagreed with their view that it must necessarily be the hand of god that imposes these goals onto the stage of life.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: had

text: his

text: own

text: sophisticated

text: views

text: on

text: evolution

text: that

text: go

text: much

text: beyond

text: what

text: the

text: frequently

text: quoted

text: passages

text: say

text: In

text: effect

text: Popper

text: agreed

text: with

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: points

text: of

text: both

text: creationists

text: and

text: naturalists

text: but

text: also

text: disagreed

text: with

text: both

text: views

text: on

text: crucial

text: aspects

text: Popper

text: understood

text: the

text: universe

text: as

text: a

text: creative

text: entity

text: that

text: invents

text: new

text: things

text: including

text: life

text: but

text: without

text: the

text: necessity

text: of

text: something

text: like

text: a

text: god

text: especially

text: not

text: one

text: who

text: is

text: pulling

text: strings

text: from

text: behind

text: the

text: curtain

text: He

text: said

text: that

text: evolution

text: must

text: as

text: the

text: creationists

text: say

text: work

text: in

text: a

text: goal

text: directed

text: way

text: but

text: disagreed

text: with

text: their

text: view

text: that

text: it

text: must

text: necessarily

text: be

text: the

text: hand

text: of

text: god

text: that

text: imposes

text: these

text: goals

text: onto

text: the

text: stage

text: of

text: life

question: Along with some creationists, Popper believed that evolution must have what quality to its progress?

answer: goal-directed

text: goal-directed

question: Popper disagreed with creationists that whose hand must be directing evolution?

answer: god

text: god

question: What kind of an entity did Popper believe the universe to be?

answer: creative

text: creative


text: The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory. Neurons using these transmitters can be found in nearly every part of the brain. Because of their ubiquity, drugs that act on glutamate or GABA tend to have broad and powerful effects. Some general anesthetics act by reducing the effects of glutamate; most tranquilizers exert their sedative effects by enhancing the effects of GABA.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: The

text: two

text: neurotransmitters

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: most

text: widely

text: in

text: the

text: vertebrate

text: brain

text: are

text: glutamate

text: which

text: almost

text: always

text: exerts

text: excitatory

text: effects

text: on

text: target

text: neurons

text: and

text: gamma

text: aminobutyric

text: acid

text: GABA

text: which

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: inhibitory

text: Neurons

text: using

text: these

text: transmitters

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: nearly

text: every

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: ubiquity

text: drugs

text: that

text: act

text: on

text: glutamate

text: or

text: GABA

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: broad

text: and

text: powerful

text: effects

text: Some

text: general

text: anesthetics

text: act

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: glutamate

text: most

text: tranquilizers

text: exert

text: their

text: sedative

text: effects

text: by

text: enhancing

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: GABA

question: GABA is the abbreviation for what?

answer: gamma-aminobutyric acid

text: gamma-aminobutyric acid

question: Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?

answer: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

text: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

question: The neurostransmitter that usually excites targets is called what?

answer: glutamate,

text: glutamate,

question: Tranquilizers affect which of the two common neurotransmitters?

answer: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

text: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)


text: During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates independently of faith allowed science to be separated from theology and philosophy. Legal studies were marked by the steady advance of Roman law into areas of jurisprudence previously governed by customary law. The lone exception to this trend was in England, where the common law remained pre-eminent. Other countries codified their laws; legal codes were promulgated in Castile, Poland, and Lithuania.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: During

text: the

text: Later

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: theologians

text: such

text: as

text: John

text: Duns

text: Scotus

text: d.

text: and

text: William

text: of

text: Ockham

text: d.

text: c.

text: led

text: a

text: reaction

text: against

text: scholasticism

text: objecting

text: to

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: reason

text: to

text: faith

text: Their

text: efforts

text: undermined

text: the

text: prevailing

text: Platonic

text: idea

text: of

text: universals

text: Ockham

text: 's

text: insistence

text: that

text: reason

text: operates

text: independently

text: of

text: faith

text: allowed

text: science

text: to

text: be

text: separated

text: from

text: theology

text: and

text: philosophy

text: Legal

text: studies

text: were

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: steady

text: advance

text: of

text: Roman

text: law

text: into

text: areas

text: of

text: jurisprudence

text: previously

text: governed

text: by

text: customary

text: law

text: The

text: lone

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: trend

text: was

text: in

text: England

text: where

text: the

text: common

text: law

text: remained

text: pre

text: eminent

text: Other

text: countries

text: codified

text: their

text: laws

text: legal

text: codes

text: were

text: promulgated

text: in

text: Castile

text: Poland

text: and

text: Lithuania

question: What school of thought was Duns Scotus opposed to?

answer: scholasticism

text: scholasticism

question: Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by?

answer: customary law

text: customary law

question: What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law?

answer: England

text: England

question: Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?

answer: Lithuania

text: Lithuania

question: What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?

answer: universals

text: universals


text: The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to incorporate democracy, republicanism, and industrialism into Chinese philosophy, notably by Sun Yat-Sen (Sūn yì xiān, in one Mandarin form of the name) at the beginning of the 20th century. Mao Zedong (Máo zé dōng) added Marxist-Leninist thought. When the Communist Party of China took over power, previous schools of thought, excepting notably Legalism, were denounced as backward, and later even purged during the Cultural Revolution.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: assertions

text: of

text: Chinese

text: philosophy

text: began

text: to

text: integrate

text: concepts

text: of

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: as

text: steps

text: toward

text: modernization

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Xinhai

text: Revolution

text: in

text: there

text: were

text: many

text: calls

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: May

text: Fourth

text: Movement

text: to

text: completely

text: abolish

text: the

text: old

text: imperial

text: institutions

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: China

text: There

text: were

text: attempts

text: to

text: incorporate

text: democracy

text: republicanism

text: and

text: industrialism

text: into

text: Chinese

text: philosophy

text: notably

text: by

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: Sen

text: Sūn

text: yì

text: xiān

text: in

text: one

text: Mandarin

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Mao

text: Zedong

text: Máo

text: zé

text: dōng

text: added

text: Marxist

text: Leninist

text: thought

text: When

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: took

text: over

text: power

text: previous

text: schools

text: of

text: thought

text: excepting

text: notably

text: Legalism

text: were

text: denounced

text: as

text: backward

text: and

text: later

text: even

text: purged

text: during

text: the

text: Cultural

text: Revolution

question: Why did Chinese philosophy begin to mix with western concepts?

answer: as steps toward modernization

text: as steps toward modernization

question: When did the Xinhai Revolution begin?

answer: 1911

question: What is the May Forth Movement?

answer: to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China

text: to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China

question: What did Marxist-Leninst add to Chinese philosophy?

answer: Marxist-Leninist thought

text: Marxist-Leninist thought

question: During what event was Legalism abolished?

answer: the Cultural Revolution

text: the Cultural Revolution


text: Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Clothing

text: can

text: and

text: has

text: in

text: history

text: been

text: made

text: from

text: a

text: very

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: materials

text: Materials

text: have

text: ranged

text: from

text: leather

text: and

text: furs

text: to

text: woven

text: materials

text: to

text: elaborate

text: and

text: exotic

text: natural

text: and

text: synthetic

text: fabrics

text: Not

text: all

text: body

text: coverings

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: clothing

text: Articles

text: carried

text: rather

text: than

text: worn

text: such

text: as

text: purses

text: worn

text: on

text: a

text: single

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: easily

text: removed

text: scarves

text: worn

text: purely

text: for

text: adornment

text: jewelry

text: or

text: those

text: that

text: serve

text: a

text: function

text: other

text: than

text: protection

text: eyeglasses

text: are

text: normally

text: considered

text: accessories

text: rather

text: than

text: clothing

text: as

text: are

text: footwear

text: and

text: hats

question: What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?

answer: very wide

text: very wide

question: What is an article that is carried rather than worn that isn't regarded as clothing?

answer: purses

text: purses

question: Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason?

answer: adornment

text: adornment

question: What are footwear and hats both considered?

answer: accessories

text: accessories

question: What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection?

answer: eyeglasses

text: eyeglasses