text: Colossus was the world's first electronic digital programmable computer. It used a large number of valves (vacuum tubes). It had paper-tape input and was capable of being configured to perform a variety of boolean logical operations on its data, but it was not Turing-complete. Nine Mk II Colossi were built (The Mk I was converted to a Mk II making ten machines in total). Colossus Mark I contained 1500 thermionic valves (tubes), but Mark II with 2400 valves, was both 5 times faster and simpler to operate than Mark 1, greatly speeding the decoding process.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Colossus

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: electronic

text: digital

text: programmable

text: computer

text: It

text: used

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: valves

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: It

text: had

text: paper

text: tape

text: input

text: and

text: was

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: configured

text: to

text: perform

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: boolean

text: logical

text: operations

text: on

text: its

text: data

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: Turing

text: complete

text: Nine

text: Mk

text: II

text: Colossi

text: were

text: built

text: The

text: Mk

text: I

text: was

text: converted

text: to

text: a

text: Mk

text: II

text: making

text: ten

text: machines

text: in

text: total

text: Colossus

text: Mark

text: I

text: contained

text: thermionic

text: valves

text: tubes

text: but

text: Mark

text: II

text: with

text: valves

text: was

text: both

text: times

text: faster

text: and

text: simpler

text: to

text: operate

text: than

text: Mark

text: greatly

text: speeding

text: the

text: decoding

text: process

question: What was the first electronic digital programmable computer in the world?

answer: Colossus

text: Colossus

question: How many vacuum tubes did the Colossus Mark I contain?

answer: 1500 thermionic valves (tubes)

text: 1500 thermionic valves (tubes)

question: How many tubes did Colossus Mark II contain?

answer: 2400


text: The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: The

text: Japanese

text: launch

text: was

text: followed

text: in

text: March

text: by

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: CD

text: players

text: and

text: discs

text: to

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: where

text: CBS

text: Records

text: released

text: sixteen

text: titles

text: This

text: event

text: is

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: of

text: the

text: digital

text: audio

text: revolution

text: The

text: new

text: audio

text: disc

text: was

text: enthusiastically

text: received

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: adopting

text: classical

text: music

text: and

text: audiophile

text: communities

text: and

text: its

text: handling

text: quality

text: received

text: particular

text: praise

text: As

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: players

text: gradually

text: came

text: down

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: portable

text: Walkman

text: the

text: CD

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: popular

text: and

text: rock

text: music

text: markets

text: The

text: first

text: artist

text: to

text: sell

text: a

text: million

text: copies

text: on

text: CD

text: was

text: Dire

text: Straits

text: with

text: their

text: album

text: Brothers

text: in

text: Arms

text: The

text: first

text: major

text: artist

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: entire

text: catalogue

text: converted

text: to

text: CD

text: was

text: David

text: Bowie

text: whose

text: studio

text: albums

text: were

text: made

text: available

text: by

text: RCA

text: Records

text: in

text: February

text: along

text: with

text: four

text: greatest

text: hits

text: albums

text: In

text: million

text: CDs

text: were

text: manufactured

text: by

text: pressing

text: plants

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: Who first sold a million copies on CD?

answer: Dire Straits

text: Dire Straits

question: Which artist was the first to have their full catalogue converted to CD?

answer: David Bowie

text: David Bowie

question: What year was the Dire Straits album Brothers in Arms released?

answer: 1985

question: How many studio albums did David Bowie release in February 1985?

answer: 15

question: How many CDs were mass produced in 1988?

answer: 400 million

text: 400 million

question: How many studio albums did David Bowie release in February 1985?

answer: 15


text: At the end of the last ice age, what are now the British Isles were joined to the European mainland as a mass of land extending north west from the modern-day northern coastline of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Ice covered almost all of what is now Scotland, most of Ireland and Wales, and the hills of northern England. From 14,000 to 10,000 years ago, as the ice melted, sea levels rose separating Ireland from Great Britain and also creating the Isle of Man. About two to four millennia later, Great Britain became separated from the mainland. Britain probably became repopulated with people before the ice age ended and certainly before it became separated from the mainland. It is likely that Ireland became settled by sea after it had already become an island.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: ice

text: age

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: were

text: joined

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: as

text: a

text: mass

text: of

text: land

text: extending

text: north

text: west

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: northern

text: coastline

text: of

text: France

text: Belgium

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Ice

text: covered

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Scotland

text: most

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Wales

text: and

text: the

text: hills

text: of

text: northern

text: England

text: From

text: to

text: years

text: ago

text: as

text: the

text: ice

text: melted

text: sea

text: levels

text: rose

text: separating

text: Ireland

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: also

text: creating

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: About

text: two

text: to

text: four

text: millennia

text: later

text: Great

text: Britain

text: became

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: mainland

text: Britain

text: probably

text: became

text: repopulated

text: with

text: people

text: before

text: the

text: ice

text: age

text: ended

text: and

text: certainly

text: before

text: it

text: became

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: mainland

text: It

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: Ireland

text: became

text: settled

text: by

text: sea

text: after

text: it

text: had

text: already

text: become

text: an

text: island

question: What mainland was the British Isles once connected to?

answer: European mainland

text: European mainland

question: When did the British Isles area become separated from the European continent?

answer: two to four millennia

text: two to four millennia

question: When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area?

answer: separating Ireland from Great Britain

text: separating Ireland from Great Britain

question: What happened to British Isles area when the ice melted after the last ice age?

answer: sea levels rose

text: sea levels rose

question: Did Britain become populated with people again before or after the ice came to an end?

answer: before the ice age ended

text: before the ice age ended


text: Locke is known for his statement that individuals have a right to "Life, Liberty and Property", and his belief that the natural right to property is derived from labor. Tutored by Locke, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury wrote in 1706: "There is a mighty Light which spreads its self over the world especially in those two free Nations of England and Holland; on whom the Affairs of Europe now turn". Locke's theory of natural rights has influenced many political documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence and the French National Constituent Assembly's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Locke

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: statement

text: that

text: individuals

text: have

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: Life

text: Liberty

text: and

text: Property

text: and

text: his

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: natural

text: right

text: to

text: property

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: labor

text: Tutored

text: by

text: Locke

text: Anthony

text: Ashley

text: Cooper

text: Earl

text: of

text: Shaftesbury

text: wrote

text: in

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: mighty

text: Light

text: which

text: spreads

text: its

text: self

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: especially

text: in

text: those

text: two

text: free

text: Nations

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Holland

text: on

text: whom

text: the

text: Affairs

text: of

text: Europe

text: now

text: turn

text: Locke

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: natural

text: rights

text: has

text: influenced

text: many

text: political

text: documents

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: National

text: Constituent

text: Assembly

text: 's

text: Declaration

text: of

text: the

text: Rights

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Citizen

question: Who is known for his statement that individuals have a right to "Life, Liberty and Property"?

answer: Locke

text: Locke

question: Locke believed that the natural right to property is derived from what?

answer: labor

text: labor

question: Locke's theory of natural rights influenced what French document?

answer: French National Constituent Assembly's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

text: French National Constituent Assembly's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen


text: The Quran describes Muhammad as "ummi", which is traditionally interpreted as "illiterate," but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as Al-Tabari maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previous books or scriptures (but they gave priority to the first meaning). Muhammad's illiteracy was taken as a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood. For example, according to Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, if Muhammad had mastered writing and reading he possibly would have been suspected of having studied the books of the ancestors. Some scholars such as Watt prefer the second meaning of "ummi" - they take it to indicate unfamiliarity with earlier sacred texts.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: Quran

text: describes

text: Muhammad

text: as

text: ummi

text: which

text: is

text: traditionally

text: interpreted

text: as

text: illiterate

text: but

text: the

text: meaning

text: is

text: rather

text: more

text: complex

text: Medieval

text: commentators

text: such

text: as

text: Al

text: Tabari

text: maintained

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: induced

text: two

text: meanings

text: first

text: the

text: inability

text: to

text: read

text: or

text: write

text: in

text: general

text: second

text: the

text: inexperience

text: or

text: ignorance

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: books

text: or

text: scriptures

text: but

text: they

text: gave

text: priority

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: meaning

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: illiteracy

text: was

text: taken

text: as

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: the

text: genuineness

text: of

text: his

text: prophethood

text: For

text: example

text: according

text: to

text: Fakhr

text: al

text: Din

text: al

text: Razi

text: if

text: Muhammad

text: had

text: mastered

text: writing

text: and

text: reading

text: he

text: possibly

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: suspected

text: of

text: having

text: studied

text: the

text: books

text: of

text: the

text: ancestors

text: Some

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Watt

text: prefer

text: the

text: second

text: meaning

text: of

text: ummi

text: they

text: take

text: it

text: to

text: indicate

text: unfamiliarity

text: with

text: earlier

text: sacred

text: texts

question: What is the most common interpretation of the word "ummi" that the Quran applies to Muhammad?

answer: illiterate

text: illiterate

question: Because Mohammed was "ummi," what would he not have known about that lent credence to his prophethood?

answer: earlier sacred texts

text: earlier sacred texts

question: What term does the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture?

answer: ummi

text: ummi

question: What skills would have made others more suspicious that Mohammad was not getting his revelations in the way he said?

answer: writing and reading

text: writing and reading


text: In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "computer worm". The software was traced back to 23-year-old Cornell University graduate student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. who said 'he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet'.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: In

text: only

text: computers

text: were

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: and

text: most

text: were

text: mainframes

text: minicomputers

text: and

text: professional

text: workstations

text: On

text: November

text: many

text: started

text: to

text: slow

text: down

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: running

text: a

text: malicious

text: code

text: that

text: demanded

text: processor

text: time

text: and

text: that

text: spread

text: itself

text: to

text: other

text: computers

text: the

text: first

text: internet

text: computer

text: worm

text: The

text: software

text: was

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: old

text: Cornell

text: University

text: graduate

text: student

text: Robert

text: Tappan

text: Morris

text: Jr.

text: who

text: said

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: count

text: how

text: many

text: machines

text: were

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

question: How many computers were connected to the internet in 1988?

answer: 60,000

question: When was the first computer worm released?

answer: November 2, 1988

text: November 2, 1988

question: Who was the first computer worm traced back to?

answer: Robert Tappan Morris, Jr.

text: Robert Tappan Morris, Jr.

question: What is a malicious code that demands processor time and spreads itself to other computers?

answer: computer worm

text: computer worm

question: Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm?

answer: he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet

text: he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet


text: On 2 June 2013, The Sun on Sunday ran a front page story on singer-songwriter Tulisa Contostavlos. The front page read: "Tulisa's cocaine deal shame"; this story was written by The Sun On Sunday's undercover reporter Mahzer Mahmood, who had previously worked for the News of the World. It was claimed that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal. The subterfuge involved conning the singer into believing that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: June

text: The

text: Sun

text: on

text: Sunday

text: ran

text: a

text: front

text: page

text: story

text: on

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: Tulisa

text: Contostavlos

text: The

text: front

text: page

text: read

text: Tulisa

text: 's

text: cocaine

text: deal

text: shame

text: this

text: story

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: The

text: Sun

text: On

text: Sunday

text: 's

text: undercover

text: reporter

text: Mahzer

text: Mahmood

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: worked

text: for

text: the

text: News

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: It

text: was

text: claimed

text: that

text: Tulisa

text: introduced

text: three

text: film

text: producers

text: actually

text: Mahmood

text: and

text: two

text: other

text: Sun

text: journalists

text: to

text: a

text: drug

text: dealer

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: deal

text: The

text: subterfuge

text: involved

text: conning

text: the

text: singer

text: into

text: believing

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: being

text: considered

text: for

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: an

text: million

text: Bollywood

text: film

question: Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story?

answer: Tulisa Contostavlos

text: Tulisa Contostavlos

question: Who wrote the story on Tulisa Contostavlos?

answer: Mahzer Mahmood

text: Mahzer Mahmood

question: What was the main allegation in The Sun's story on Contostavlos?

answer: that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal

text: that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal

question: What did The Sun reporters make Contostavlos believe?

answer: that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film

text: that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film

question: What was the title of the front page story on Contostavlos?

answer: Tulisa's cocaine deal shame

text: Tulisa's cocaine deal shame


text: Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: warmest

text: climates

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: is

text: around

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: Generally

text: summers

text: last

text: about

text: eight

text: months

text: beginning

text: in

text: April

text: with

text: average

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: and

text: ending

text: in

text: November

text: with

text: average

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: although

text: in

text: the

text: remaining

text: four

text: months

text: temperatures

text: sometimes

text: exceed

text: C

text: F

question: In Cyprus, what is the average temperature during the day?

answer: 24 °C (75 °F)

text: 24 °C (75 °F)

question: What type of climate does Cyprus have?

answer: one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean

text: one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean

question: What month typically marks the end of summer on Cyprus?

answer: November

text: November

question: How long do summers generally last on Cyprus?

answer: eight months

text: eight months


text: Perhaps, his most notable letter was his Festal Letter, written to his Church in Alexandria when he was in exile, as he could not be in their presence. This letter shows clearly his stand that accepting Jesus is the Divine Son of God is not optional but necessary; "I know moreover that not only this thing saddens you, but also the fact that while others have obtained the churches by violence, you are meanwhile cast out from your places. For they hold the places, but you the Apostolic Faith. They are, it is true, in the places, but outside of the true Faith; while you are outside the places indeed, but the Faith, within you. Let us consider whether is the greater, the place or the Faith. Clearly the true Faith. Who then has lost more, or who possesses more? He who holds the place, or he who holds the Faith?

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Perhaps

text: his

text: most

text: notable

text: letter

text: was

text: his

text: Festal

text: Letter

text: written

text: to

text: his

text: Church

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: exile

text: as

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: in

text: their

text: presence

text: This

text: letter

text: shows

text: clearly

text: his

text: stand

text: that

text: accepting

text: Jesus

text: is

text: the

text: Divine

text: Son

text: of

text: God

text: is

text: not

text: optional

text: but

text: necessary

text: I

text: know

text: moreover

text: that

text: not

text: only

text: this

text: thing

text: saddens

text: you

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: while

text: others

text: have

text: obtained

text: the

text: churches

text: by

text: violence

text: you

text: are

text: meanwhile

text: cast

text: out

text: from

text: your

text: places

text: For

text: they

text: hold

text: the

text: places

text: but

text: you

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Faith

text: They

text: are

text: it

text: is

text: true

text: in

text: the

text: places

text: but

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: true

text: Faith

text: while

text: you

text: are

text: outside

text: the

text: places

text: indeed

text: but

text: the

text: Faith

text: within

text: you

text: Let

text: us

text: consider

text: whether

text: is

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: place

text: or

text: the

text: Faith

text: Clearly

text: the

text: true

text: Faith

text: Who

text: then

text: has

text: lost

text: more

text: or

text: who

text: possesses

text: more

text: He

text: who

text: holds

text: the

text: place

text: or

text: he

text: who

text: holds

text: the

text: Faith

question: Did Athanasius feel that it was important to believe that Jesus was the Son of God?

answer: not optional but necessary

text: not optional but necessary

question: Did his place more value on his Faith or where he was living?

answer: the true Faith

text: the true Faith

question: Did he think that the people that had exiled him were true believers?

answer: outside of the true Faith

text: outside of the true Faith

question: Where did Athanasius think Faith resides?

answer: within you

text: within you

question: Who was the Festal Letter written for?

answer: his Church in Alexandria

text: his Church in Alexandria


text: In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaiśeṣika school than others. It holds that human suffering results from mistakes/defects produced by activity under wrong knowledge (notions and ignorance). Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge. This premise led Nyāya to concern itself with epistemology, that is the reliable means to gain correct knowledge and to remove wrong notions. False knowledge is not merely ignorance to Naiyayikas, it includes delusion. Correct knowledge is discovering and overcoming one's delusions, and understanding true nature of soul, self and reality. The Nyāya Sūtras begin:

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: In

text: its

text: metaphysics

text: Nyāya

text: school

text: is

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: Vaiśeṣika

text: school

text: than

text: others

text: It

text: holds

text: that

text: human

text: suffering

text: results

text: from

text: mistakes

text: defects

text: produced

text: by

text: activity

text: under

text: wrong

text: knowledge

text: notions

text: and

text: ignorance

text: Moksha

text: liberation

text: it

text: states

text: is

text: gained

text: through

text: right

text: knowledge

text: This

text: premise

text: led

text: Nyāya

text: to

text: concern

text: itself

text: with

text: epistemology

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: reliable

text: means

text: to

text: gain

text: correct

text: knowledge

text: and

text: to

text: remove

text: wrong

text: notions

text: False

text: knowledge

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: ignorance

text: to

text: Naiyayikas

text: it

text: includes

text: delusion

text: Correct

text: knowledge

text: is

text: discovering

text: and

text: overcoming

text: one

text: 's

text: delusions

text: and

text: understanding

text: true

text: nature

text: of

text: soul

text: self

text: and

text: reality

text: The

text: Nyāya

text: Sūtras

text: begin

question: What school of thought is closest to Vaisesika school?

answer: Nyāya

text: Nyāya

question: What does Nyaya say causes human suffering?

answer: mistakes/defects

text: mistakes/defects

question: What state is achieved through knowledge?

answer: Moksha

text: Moksha

question: What is moksha in Hindu philosophy?

answer: liberation

text: liberation

question: Besides ignorance, what does false knowledge include in Nyaya?

answer: delusion

text: delusion


text: With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country. These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal), Sines Tecnopolo (in Sines), Tecmaia (in Maia) and Parkurbis (in Covilhã). Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: With

text: the

text: emergence

text: and

text: growth

text: of

text: several

text: science

text: parks

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: that

text: helped

text: create

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: scientific

text: technological

text: and

text: knowledge

text: based

text: businesses

text: Portugal

text: started

text: to

text: develop

text: several

text: science

text: parks

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Taguspark

text: in

text: Oeiras

text: the

text: Coimbra

text: iParque

text: in

text: Coimbra

text: the

text: biocant

text: in

text: Cantanhede

text: the

text: Madeira

text: Tecnopolo

text: in

text: Funchal

text: Sines

text: Tecnopolo

text: in

text: Sines

text: Tecmaia

text: in

text: Maia

text: and

text: Parkurbis

text: in

text: Covilhã

text: Companies

text: locate

text: in

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: science

text: parks

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: services

text: ranging

text: from

text: financial

text: and

text: legal

text: advice

text: through

text: to

text: marketing

text: and

text: technological

text: support

question: What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?

answer: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world

text: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world

question: What are some examples of the science parks being built in Portugal?

answer: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)

text: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)

question: For what reason to companies locate in the Portuguese science parks?

answer: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support

text: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support


text: A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: A

text: move

text: to

text: permanent

text: daylight

text: saving

text: time

text: staying

text: on

text: summer

text: hours

text: all

text: year

text: with

text: no

text: time

text: shifts

text: is

text: sometimes

text: advocated

text: and

text: has

text: in

text: fact

text: been

text: implemented

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: Iceland

text: Singapore

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Belarus

text: Advocates

text: cite

text: the

text: same

text: advantages

text: as

text: normal

text: DST

text: without

text: the

text: problems

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: twice

text: yearly

text: time

text: shifts

text: However

text: many

text: remain

text: unconvinced

text: of

text: the

text: benefits

text: citing

text: the

text: same

text: problems

text: and

text: the

text: relatively

text: late

text: sunrises

text: particularly

text: in

text: winter

text: that

text: year

text: round

text: DST

text: entails

text: Russia

text: switched

text: to

text: permanent

text: DST

text: from

text: to

text: but

text: the

text: move

text: proved

text: unpopular

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: sunrises

text: in

text: winter

text: so

text: the

text: country

text: switched

text: permanently

text: back

text: to

text: standard

text: or

text: winter

text: time

text: in

question: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?

answer: permanent daylight saving time

text: permanent daylight saving time

question: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?

answer: time shifts

text: time shifts

question: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?

answer: late

text: late

question: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?

answer: 2011 to 2014

text: 2011 to 2014

question: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?

answer: winter

text: winter


text:
This reaction is favored at low pressures but is nonetheless conducted at high pressures (2.0  MPa, 20 atm or 600 inHg). This is because high-pressure H
2 is the most marketable product and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) purification systems work better at higher pressures. The product mixture is known as "synthesis gas" because it is often used directly for the production of methanol and related compounds. Hydrocarbons other than methane can be used to produce synthesis gas with varying product ratios. One of the many complications to this highly optimized technology is the formation of coke or carbon:

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: This

text: reaction

text: is

text: favored

text: at

text: low

text: pressures

text: but

text: is

text: nonetheless

text: conducted

text: at

text: high

text: pressures

text: MPa

text: atm

text: or

text: inHg

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: high

text: pressure

text: H

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: marketable

text: product

text: and

text: Pressure

text: Swing

text: Adsorption

text: PSA

text: purification

text: systems

text: work

text: better

text: at

text: higher

text: pressures

text: The

text: product

text: mixture

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: synthesis

text: gas

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: directly

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: methanol

text: and

text: related

text: compounds

text: Hydrocarbons

text: other

text: than

text: methane

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: produce

text: synthesis

text: gas

text: with

text: varying

text: product

text: ratios

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: complications

text: to

text: this

text: highly

text: optimized

text: technology

text: is

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: coke

text: or

text: carbon

question: At what pressure does PSA work best in?

answer: high pressures

text: high pressures

question: What is synthesis gas used for?

answer: production of methanol

text: production of methanol

question: Besides methane, what else can be used to produce synthesis gas?

answer: Hydrocarbons

text: Hydrocarbons


text: After the American Revolutionary War, the number and proportion of free people of color increased markedly in the North and the South as slaves were freed. Most northern states abolished slavery, sometimes, like New York, in programs of gradual emancipation that took more than two decades to be completed. The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827. In connection with the Second Great Awakening, Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves. Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves, some by deed and others by will, so that from 1782 to 1810, the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: After

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: number

text: and

text: proportion

text: of

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: increased

text: markedly

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: as

text: slaves

text: were

text: freed

text: Most

text: northern

text: states

text: abolished

text: slavery

text: sometimes

text: like

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: programs

text: of

text: gradual

text: emancipation

text: that

text: took

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: to

text: be

text: completed

text: The

text: last

text: slaves

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: were

text: not

text: freed

text: until

text: In

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: Second

text: Great

text: Awakening

text: Quaker

text: and

text: Methodist

text: preachers

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: urged

text: slaveholders

text: to

text: free

text: their

text: slaves

text: Revolutionary

text: ideals

text: led

text: many

text: men

text: to

text: free

text: their

text: slaves

text: some

text: by

text: deed

text: and

text: others

text: by

text: will

text: so

text: that

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: rose

text: from

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: percent

text: to

text: nearly

text: percent

text: of

text: blacks

text: in

text: the

text: South

question: When did the numbers of free people of color increase dramatically?

answer: After the American Revolutionary War

text: After the American Revolutionary War

question: How were the laws in New York abolished?

answer: in programs of gradual emancipation

text: in programs of gradual emancipation

question: How long did it take for states like New York to abolish all slave laws?

answer: more than two decades to be completed

text: more than two decades to be completed

question: Who in the south were urging their churches to free their slaves in the south?

answer: Quaker and Methodist preachers

text: Quaker and Methodist preachers

question: When were the last slaves freed in New York state?

answer: The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827.

text: The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827.

question: When did the number of free people of color begin to increase in the North and South?

answer: After the American Revolutionary War

text: After the American Revolutionary War

question: Who implored slaveholders to free their slaves?

answer: Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves

text: Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves

question: What caused many slaveholder to free their slaves?

answer: Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves

text: Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves

question: How much did the percentage of free people in the South change from 1782 to 1810?

answer: the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.

text: the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.

question: What is it called when it takes several years for slaves to be freed in a program?

answer: gradual emancipation

text: gradual emancipation

question: The last slave in New York was freed when?

answer: 1827

question: What caused Quaker and Methodist preachers to want to free slaves?

answer: Second Great Awakening

text: Second Great Awakening

question: In 1810, how many black people were considered free?

answer: nearly 10 percent

text: nearly 10 percent

question: What caused many men to free slaves from 1782 to 1810?

answer: Revolutionary ideals

text: Revolutionary ideals


text: The 1960 Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive was led by a Greek Cypriot president and a Turkish Cypriot vice-president elected by their respective communities for five-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. Legislative power rested on the House of Representatives who were also elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: Constitution

text: provided

text: for

text: a

text: presidential

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: with

text: independent

text: executive

text: legislative

text: and

text: judicial

text: branches

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: checks

text: and

text: balances

text: including

text: a

text: weighted

text: power

text: sharing

text: ratio

text: designed

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Cypriots

text: The

text: executive

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: Greek

text: Cypriot

text: president

text: and

text: a

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: vice

text: president

text: elected

text: by

text: their

text: respective

text: communities

text: for

text: five

text: year

text: terms

text: and

text: each

text: possessing

text: a

text: right

text: of

text: veto

text: over

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: legislation

text: and

text: executive

text: decisions

text: Legislative

text: power

text: rested

text: on

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: who

text: were

text: also

text: elected

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: separate

text: voters

text: rolls

question: What types of branches did the 1960 Constitution provide?

answer: legislative and judicial branches

text: legislative and judicial branches

question: What type of person was the vice-president?

answer: Turkish Cypriot

text: Turkish Cypriot

question: Where did Legislative power rest?

answer: the House of Representatives

text: the House of Representatives


text: Von Neumann's hydrogen bomb work was played out in the realm of computing, where he and Stanislaw Ulam developed simulations on von Neumann's digital computers for the hydrodynamic computations. During this time he contributed to the development of the Monte Carlo method, which allowed solutions to complicated problems to be approximated using random numbers. His algorithm for simulating a fair coin with a biased coin is used in the "software whitening" stage of some hardware random number generators. Because using lists of "truly" random numbers was extremely slow, von Neumann developed a form of making pseudorandom numbers, using the middle-square method. Though this method has been criticized as crude, von Neumann was aware of this: he justified it as being faster than any other method at his disposal, and also noted that when it went awry it did so obviously, unlike methods which could be subtly incorrect. "Anyone who considers arithmetical methods of producing random digits is, of course, in a state of sin."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: hydrogen

text: bomb

text: work

text: was

text: played

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: computing

text: where

text: he

text: and

text: Stanislaw

text: Ulam

text: developed

text: simulations

text: on

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: digital

text: computers

text: for

text: the

text: hydrodynamic

text: computations

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: he

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Monte

text: Carlo

text: method

text: which

text: allowed

text: solutions

text: to

text: complicated

text: problems

text: to

text: be

text: approximated

text: using

text: random

text: numbers

text: His

text: algorithm

text: for

text: simulating

text: a

text: fair

text: coin

text: with

text: a

text: biased

text: coin

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: software

text: whitening

text: stage

text: of

text: some

text: hardware

text: random

text: number

text: generators

text: Because

text: using

text: lists

text: of

text: truly

text: random

text: numbers

text: was

text: extremely

text: slow

text: von

text: Neumann

text: developed

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: making

text: pseudorandom

text: numbers

text: using

text: the

text: middle

text: square

text: method

text: Though

text: this

text: method

text: has

text: been

text: criticized

text: as

text: crude

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: this

text: he

text: justified

text: it

text: as

text: being

text: faster

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: method

text: at

text: his

text: disposal

text: and

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: when

text: it

text: went

text: awry

text: it

text: did

text: so

text: obviously

text: unlike

text: methods

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: subtly

text: incorrect

text: Anyone

text: who

text: considers

text: arithmetical

text: methods

text: of

text: producing

text: random

text: digits

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: sin

question: Where were the computations for hydrogen bomb worked out?

answer: von Neumann's digital computers

text: von Neumann's digital computers

question: What was the Monte Carlo method?

answer: allowed solutions to complicated problems to be approximated using random numbers

text: allowed solutions to complicated problems to be approximated using random numbers

question: Due to slow use of random numbers what was developed?

answer: pseudorandom numbers

text: pseudorandom numbers


text: Differences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric shock than Jewish or Native American women. Some individuals in all cultures have significantly higher than normal pain perception and tolerance thresholds. For instance, patients who experience painless heart attacks have higher pain thresholds for electric shock, muscle cramp and heat.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Differences

text: in

text: pain

text: perception

text: and

text: tolerance

text: thresholds

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: among

text: other

text: factors

text: ethnicity

text: genetics

text: and

text: sex

text: People

text: of

text: Mediterranean

text: origin

text: report

text: as

text: painful

text: some

text: radiant

text: heat

text: intensities

text: that

text: northern

text: Europeans

text: describe

text: as

text: nonpainful

text: And

text: Italian

text: women

text: tolerate

text: less

text: intense

text: electric

text: shock

text: than

text: Jewish

text: or

text: Native

text: American

text: women

text: Some

text: individuals

text: in

text: all

text: cultures

text: have

text: significantly

text: higher

text: than

text: normal

text: pain

text: perception

text: and

text: tolerance

text: thresholds

text: For

text: instance

text: patients

text: who

text: experience

text: painless

text: heart

text: attacks

text: have

text: higher

text: pain

text: thresholds

text: for

text: electric

text: shock

text: muscle

text: cramp

text: and

text: heat

question: Along with with ethnicity and genetics, what is the other factor associated with differences in pain perception?

answer: sex

text: sex

question: What might some people of Mediterranean origin report as painful that people of this origin wouldn't?

answer: Europeans

text: Europeans

question: What nationality can tolerate the least amount of electric shock?

answer: Italian

text: Italian

question: What do some individuals in all cultures have significantly higher than normal?

answer: pain perception

text: pain perception

question: Patients who have painless heart attacks have higher what?

answer: pain thresholds

text: pain thresholds


text: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: On

text: the

text: following

text: table

text: green

text: arrows

text: represent

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: ranking

text: over

text: the

text: previous

text: study

text: while

text: red

text: arrows

text: represent

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: ranking

text: They

text: are

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: spaces

text: they

text: moved

text: Blue

text: dashes

text: represent

text: a

text: nation

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: move

text: in

text: the

text: rankings

text: since

text: the

text: previous

text: study

question: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

answer: red arrows

text: red arrows

question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

answer: green arrows

text: green arrows

question: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?

answer: Blue dash

text: Blue dash


text: Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Romans, also allied with the Aetolian League of Greek city-states (which resented Philip's power), thus declared war on Macedon in 200 BC, starting the Second Macedonian War. This ended with a decisive Roman victory at the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC). Like most Roman peace treaties of the period, the resultant 'Peace of Flaminius' was designed utterly to crush the power of the defeated party; a massive indemnity was levied, Philip's fleet was surrendered to Rome, and Macedon was effectively returned to its ancient boundaries, losing influence over the city-states of southern Greece, and land in Thrace and Asia Minor. The result was the end of Macedon as a major power in the Mediterranean.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Once

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: had

text: been

text: resolved

text: and

text: the

text: Romans

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: regather

text: their

text: strength

text: they

text: looked

text: to

text: re

text: assert

text: their

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: to

text: curb

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: Philip

text: A

text: pretext

text: for

text: war

text: was

text: provided

text: by

text: Philip

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: end

text: his

text: war

text: with

text: Attalid

text: Pergamum

text: and

text: Rhodes

text: both

text: Roman

text: allies

text: The

text: Romans

text: also

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Aetolian

text: League

text: of

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: which

text: resented

text: Philip

text: 's

text: power

text: thus

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Macedon

text: in

text: BC

text: starting

text: the

text: Second

text: Macedonian

text: War

text: This

text: ended

text: with

text: a

text: decisive

text: Roman

text: victory

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Cynoscephalae

text: BC

text: Like

text: most

text: Roman

text: peace

text: treaties

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: resultant

text: Peace

text: of

text: Flaminius

text: was

text: designed

text: utterly

text: to

text: crush

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: defeated

text: party

text: a

text: massive

text: indemnity

text: was

text: levied

text: Philip

text: 's

text: fleet

text: was

text: surrendered

text: to

text: Rome

text: and

text: Macedon

text: was

text: effectively

text: returned

text: to

text: its

text: ancient

text: boundaries

text: losing

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: southern

text: Greece

text: and

text: land

text: in

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Macedon

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

question: In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war?

answer: the Balkans

text: the Balkans

question: Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War?

answer: Philip

text: Philip

question: What year did the Second Macedonian War begin?

answer: 200 BC

text: 200 BC

question: What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War?

answer: Battle of Cynoscephalae

text: Battle of Cynoscephalae

question: What empire won the Second Macedonian War?

answer: Roman

text: Roman


text: Since the canons of criticism are highly susceptible to interpretation, and at times even contradict each other, they may be employed to justify a result that fits the textual critic's aesthetic or theological agenda. Starting in the 19th century, scholars sought more rigorous methods to guide editorial judgment. Best-text editing (a complete rejection of eclecticism) became one extreme. Stemmatics and copy-text editing – while both eclectic, in that they permit the editor to select readings from multiple sources – sought to reduce subjectivity by establishing one or a few witnesses presumably as being favored by "objective" criteria.[citation needed] The citing of sources used, and alternate readings, and the use of original text and images helps readers and other critics determine to an extent the depth of research of the critic, and to independently verify their work.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Since

text: the

text: canons

text: of

text: criticism

text: are

text: highly

text: susceptible

text: to

text: interpretation

text: and

text: at

text: times

text: even

text: contradict

text: each

text: other

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: employed

text: to

text: justify

text: a

text: result

text: that

text: fits

text: the

text: textual

text: critic

text: 's

text: aesthetic

text: or

text: theological

text: agenda

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: scholars

text: sought

text: more

text: rigorous

text: methods

text: to

text: guide

text: editorial

text: judgment

text: Best

text: text

text: editing

text: a

text: complete

text: rejection

text: of

text: eclecticism

text: became

text: one

text: extreme

text: Stemmatics

text: and

text: copy

text: text

text: editing

text: while

text: both

text: eclectic

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: permit

text: the

text: editor

text: to

text: select

text: readings

text: from

text: multiple

text: sources

text: sought

text: to

text: reduce

text: subjectivity

text: by

text: establishing

text: one

text: or

text: a

text: few

text: witnesses

text: presumably

text: as

text: being

text: favored

text: by

text: objective

text: criteria.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: citing

text: of

text: sources

text: used

text: and

text: alternate

text: readings

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: original

text: text

text: and

text: images

text: helps

text: readers

text: and

text: other

text: critics

text: determine

text: to

text: an

text: extent

text: the

text: depth

text: of

text: research

text: of

text: the

text: critic

text: and

text: to

text: independently

text: verify

text: their

text: work

question: When did scientists begin searching for a more defined guideline for textual criticism?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: What inclusion helps readers and critics understand the motivation behind the compiler?

answer: The citing of sources used, and alternate readings, and the use of original text and images

text: The citing of sources used, and alternate readings, and the use of original text and images

question: What is a further benefit of including sources, texts and original images in a critique?

answer: the depth of research of the critic

text: the depth of research of the critic

question: Is textual criticism immune to bias on the part of the critic?

answer: justify a result that fits the textual critic's aesthetic or theological agenda

text: justify a result that fits the textual critic's aesthetic or theological agenda


text: For any prime number p, there is also the multiplicative group of integers modulo p. Its elements are the integers 1 to p − 1. The group operation is multiplication modulo p. That is, the usual product is divided by p and the remainder of this division is the result of modular multiplication. For example, if p = 5, there are four group elements 1, 2, 3, 4. In this group, 4 · 4 = 1, because the usual product 16 is equivalent to 1, which divided by 5 yields a remainder of 1. for 5 divides 16 − 1 = 15, denoted

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: For

text: any

text: prime

text: number

text: p

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: multiplicative

text: group

text: of

text: integers

text: modulo

text: p.

text: Its

text: elements

text: are

text: the

text: integers

text: to

text: p

text: The

text: group

text: operation

text: is

text: multiplication

text: modulo

text: p.

text: That

text: is

text: the

text: usual

text: product

text: is

text: divided

text: by

text: p

text: and

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: this

text: division

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: modular

text: multiplication

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: p

text: there

text: are

text: four

text: group

text: elements

text: In

text: this

text: group

text: because

text: the

text: usual

text: product

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: which

text: divided

text: by

text: yields

text: a

text: remainder

text: of

text: for

text: divides

text: denoted

question: What term describes the group of integers related to a prime number?

answer: modulo p

text: modulo p

question: What integers are included in modulo p?

answer: 1 to p − 1

text: 1 to p − 1

question: How many group elements exist if p=5?

answer: four group elements

text: four group elements


text: The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: Dirección

text: Nacional

text: de

text: Transporte

text: DNT

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Transport

text: and

text: Public

text: Works

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: organization

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: 's

text: transport

text: infrastructure

text: A

text: bus

text: service

text: network

text: covers

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: An

text: international

text: bus

text: station

text: the

text: Tres

text: Cruces

text: Bus

text: Terminal

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: lower

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: Tres

text: Cruces

text: Shopping

text: Center

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: Artigas

text: Boulevard

text: This

text: terminal

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Baltazar

text: Brum

text: Bus

text: Terminal

text: or

text: Rio

text: Branco

text: Terminal

text: by

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: handles

text: the

text: long

text: distance

text: and

text: intercity

text: bus

text: routes

text: connecting

text: to

text: destinations

text: within

text: Uruguay

question: What does DNT stand for?

answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte

text: Dirección Nacional de Transporte

question: Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure?

answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte

text: Dirección Nacional de Transporte

question: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?

answer: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center

text: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center


text: The rivalry between Nintendo and Sega resulted in what has been described as one of the most notable console wars in video game history, in which Sega positioned the Genesis as the "cool" console, with more mature titles aimed at older gamers, and edgy advertisements that occasionally attacked the competition. Nintendo however, scored an early public relations advantage by securing the first console conversion of Capcom's arcade classic Street Fighter II for SNES, which took over a year to make the transition to Genesis. Despite the Genesis's head start, much larger library of games, and lower price point, the Genesis only represented an estimated 60% of the American 16-bit console market in June 1992, and neither console could maintain a definitive lead for several years. Donkey Kong Country is said to have helped establish the SNES's market prominence in the latter years of the 16-bit generation, and for a time, maintain against the PlayStation and Saturn. According to Nintendo, the company had sold more than 20 million SNES units in the U.S. According to a 2014 Wedbush Securities report based on NPD sales data, the SNES ultimately outsold the Genesis in the U.S. market.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: rivalry

text: between

text: Nintendo

text: and

text: Sega

text: resulted

text: in

text: what

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: console

text: wars

text: in

text: video

text: game

text: history

text: in

text: which

text: Sega

text: positioned

text: the

text: Genesis

text: as

text: the

text: cool

text: console

text: with

text: more

text: mature

text: titles

text: aimed

text: at

text: older

text: gamers

text: and

text: edgy

text: advertisements

text: that

text: occasionally

text: attacked

text: the

text: competition

text: Nintendo

text: however

text: scored

text: an

text: early

text: public

text: relations

text: advantage

text: by

text: securing

text: the

text: first

text: console

text: conversion

text: of

text: Capcom

text: 's

text: arcade

text: classic

text: Street

text: Fighter

text: II

text: for

text: SNES

text: which

text: took

text: over

text: a

text: year

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: transition

text: to

text: Genesis

text: Despite

text: the

text: Genesis

text: 's

text: head

text: start

text: much

text: larger

text: library

text: of

text: games

text: and

text: lower

text: price

text: point

text: the

text: Genesis

text: only

text: represented

text: an

text: estimated

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: console

text: market

text: in

text: June

text: and

text: neither

text: console

text: could

text: maintain

text: a

text: definitive

text: lead

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: Donkey

text: Kong

text: Country

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: helped

text: establish

text: the

text: SNES

text: 's

text: market

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: generation

text: and

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: maintain

text: against

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: Saturn

text: According

text: to

text: Nintendo

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: SNES

text: units

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: Wedbush

text: Securities

text: report

text: based

text: on

text: NPD

text: sales

text: data

text: the

text: SNES

text: ultimately

text: outsold

text: the

text: Genesis

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: market

question: What market did the Genesis target?

answer: older gamers

text: older gamers

question: How much sooner than the Genesis did the Street Fighter II game come out for SNES?

answer: over a year

text: over a year

question: How much of the US 16-bit console market did the Genesis have in summer 1992?

answer: 60%

question: What game was key to the SNES's success?

answer: Donkey Kong Country

text: Donkey Kong Country

question: How many SNES units were sold in the US overall?

answer: more than 20 million

text: more than 20 million


text: Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were active in social reform movements such as the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage. As an answer to the "social question" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions). To Bismarck this was "practical Christianity". These programs, too, were copied by many other nations, particularly in the Western world.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestants

text: have

text: founded

text: hospitals

text: homes

text: for

text: disabled

text: or

text: elderly

text: people

text: educational

text: institutions

text: organizations

text: that

text: give

text: aid

text: to

text: developing

text: countries

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: welfare

text: agencies

text: In

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: throughout

text: the

text: Anglo

text: American

text: world

text: numerous

text: dedicated

text: members

text: of

text: all

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: were

text: active

text: in

text: social

text: reform

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: slavery

text: prison

text: reforms

text: and

text: woman

text: suffrage

text: As

text: an

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: social

text: question

text: of

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Germany

text: under

text: Chancellor

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: introduced

text: insurance

text: programs

text: that

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: welfare

text: state

text: health

text: insurance

text: accident

text: insurance

text: disability

text: insurance

text: old

text: age

text: pensions

text: To

text: Bismarck

text: this

text: was

text: practical

text: Christianity

text: These

text: programs

text: too

text: were

text: copied

text: by

text: many

text: other

text: nations

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

question: Who first introduced social insurance programs?

answer: Chancellor Otto von Bismarck

text: Chancellor Otto von Bismarck

question: What did Bismarck consider social insurance programs to be?

answer: practical Christianity

text: practical Christianity

question: What social reform movements were Protestants working toward in the nineteen century?

answer: the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage

text: the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage

question: What country started programs that led to the welfare state?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What area copied Bismarck's social programs the most?

answer: the Western world

text: the Western world


text: The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that killed off all other dinosaurs. Birds in South America survived this event and then migrated to other parts of the world via multiple land bridges while diversifying during periods of global cooling. Primitive bird-like dinosaurs that lie outside class Aves proper, in the broader group Avialae, have been found dating back to the mid-Jurassic period. Many of these early "stem-birds", such as Archaeopteryx, were not yet capable of fully powered flight, and many retained primitive characteristics like toothy jaws in place of beaks, and long bony tails.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: fossil

text: record

text: indicates

text: that

text: birds

text: are

text: the

text: last

text: surviving

text: dinosaurs

text: having

text: evolved

text: from

text: feathered

text: ancestors

text: within

text: the

text: theropod

text: group

text: of

text: saurischian

text: dinosaurs

text: True

text: birds

text: first

text: appeared

text: during

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: period

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: DNA

text: based

text: evidence

text: finds

text: that

text: birds

text: diversified

text: dramatically

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: that

text: killed

text: off

text: all

text: other

text: dinosaurs

text: Birds

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: survived

text: this

text: event

text: and

text: then

text: migrated

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: via

text: multiple

text: land

text: bridges

text: while

text: diversifying

text: during

text: periods

text: of

text: global

text: cooling

text: Primitive

text: bird

text: like

text: dinosaurs

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: class

text: Aves

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: broader

text: group

text: Avialae

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: mid

text: Jurassic

text: period

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: early

text: stem

text: birds

text: such

text: as

text: Archaeopteryx

text: were

text: not

text: yet

text: capable

text: of

text: fully

text: powered

text: flight

text: and

text: many

text: retained

text: primitive

text: characteristics

text: like

text: toothy

text: jaws

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: beaks

text: and

text: long

text: bony

text: tails

question: What are the last surviving dinosaurs, according o the fossil record?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: When did true birds first appear?

answer: Cretaceous period

text: Cretaceous period

question: Name an example of an early stem-bird.

answer: Archaeopteryx

text: Archaeopteryx


text: During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. Woolley, writing in his biography of John Dee (1527–1608/9), notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers "customarily" used "two dates" on their letters, one OS and one NS.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: During

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: countries

text: adopted

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: last

text: European

text: country

text: adopted

text: it

text: it

text: was

text: often

text: necessary

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: some

text: event

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: for

text: example

text: February

text: where

text: the

text: dual

text: year

text: accounts

text: for

text: some

text: countries

text: already

text: beginning

text: their

text: numbered

text: year

text: on

text: January

text: while

text: others

text: were

text: still

text: using

text: some

text: other

text: date

text: Even

text: before

text: the

text: year

text: sometimes

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: double

text: dated

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: beginnings

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: in

text: various

text: countries

text: Woolley

text: writing

text: in

text: his

text: biography

text: of

text: John

text: Dee

text: notes

text: that

text: immediately

text: after

text: English

text: letter

text: writers

text: customarily

text: used

text: two

text: dates

text: on

text: their

text: letters

text: one

text: OS

text: and

text: one

text: NS

question: When did the last country to adopt the Gregorian calendar start using it?

answer: 1923

question: At what date did the first country start using the new calendar?

answer: 1582

question: How which calendar did some countries notate the date?

answer: in both

text: in both

question: Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?

answer: Woolley

text: Woolley

question: What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?

answer: different beginnings of the year

text: different beginnings of the year


text: Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detailed the culinary esthetics and theory, along with a wide range of recipes from the ruling period of Qianlong during Qing Dynasty. The Manchu Han Imperial Feast originated at the court. Although this banquet was probably never common, it reflected an appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs. Nevertheless, culinary traditionalists such as Yuan Mei lambasted the opulent culinary rituals of the Manchu Han Imperial Feast, saying that it is cause in part by "...the vulgar habits of bad chefs" and that "Display this trite are useful only for welcoming new relations through one’s gates or when the boss comes to visit." (皆惡廚陋習。只可用之於新親上門，上司入境)

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Cuisine

text: aroused

text: a

text: cultural

text: pride

text: in

text: the

text: accumulated

text: richness

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: varied

text: past

text: The

text: gentleman

text: gourmet

text: such

text: as

text: Yuan

text: Mei

text: applied

text: aesthetic

text: standards

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: cooking

text: eating

text: and

text: appreciation

text: of

text: tea

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: New

text: World

text: crops

text: and

text: products

text: entered

text: everyday

text: life

text: The

text: Suiyuan

text: Shidan

text: written

text: by

text: him

text: detailed

text: the

text: culinary

text: esthetics

text: and

text: theory

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: recipes

text: from

text: the

text: ruling

text: period

text: of

text: Qianlong

text: during

text: Qing

text: Dynasty

text: The

text: Manchu

text: Han

text: Imperial

text: Feast

text: originated

text: at

text: the

text: court

text: Although

text: this

text: banquet

text: was

text: probably

text: never

text: common

text: it

text: reflected

text: an

text: appreciation

text: by

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: for

text: Manchu

text: culinary

text: customs

text: Nevertheless

text: culinary

text: traditionalists

text: such

text: as

text: Yuan

text: Mei

text: lambasted

text: the

text: opulent

text: culinary

text: rituals

text: of

text: the

text: Manchu

text: Han

text: Imperial

text: Feast

text: saying

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: cause

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: vulgar

text: habits

text: of

text: bad

text: chefs

text: and

text: that

text: Display

text: this

text: trite

text: are

text: useful

text: only

text: for

text: welcoming

text: new

text: relations

text: through

text: one

text: ’s

text: gates

text: or

text: when

text: the

text: boss

text: comes

text: to

text: visit

text: 皆惡廚陋習。只可用之於新親上門，上司入境

question: Who wrote the Suiyuan Shidan?

answer: Yuan Mei

text: Yuan Mei

question: What was the Suiyaun Shidan about?

answer: recipes

text: recipes

question: What was the Manchu Han Imperial Feast?

answer: appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs

text: appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs


text: Barcelona is one of the most supported teams in the world, and has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7). In 2010, the club made history when three players who came through its youth academy (Messi, Iniesta and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Barcelona

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: supported

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: social

text: media

text: following

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: among

text: sports

text: teams

text: Barcelona

text: 's

text: players

text: have

text: won

text: a

text: record

text: number

text: of

text: Ballon

text: d'Or

text: awards

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: record

text: number

text: of

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Player

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: awards

text: In

text: the

text: club

text: made

text: history

text: when

text: three

text: players

text: who

text: came

text: through

text: its

text: youth

text: academy

text: Messi

text: Iniesta

text: and

text: Xavi

text: were

text: chosen

text: as

text: the

text: three

text: best

text: players

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Ballon

text: d'Or

text: awards

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: feat

text: for

text: players

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: football

text: school

question: Which sports team has the world's largest social media following?

answer: Barcelona

text: Barcelona

question: How Ballon d'Or awards have members of the Barcelona team won?

answer: 11

question: How amny FIFA World Player of the Year have members of FC Barcelona won?

answer: 7

question: How amny of Barcelona's players were picked as the three best players of the year in 2010?

answer: three

text: three

question: Where did Messi, Iniesta and Xavi learn their football in Barcelona?

answer: youth academy

text: youth academy


text: A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: A

text: person

text: from

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: Ann

text: Arborite

text: and

text: many

text: long

text: time

text: residents

text: call

text: themselves

text: townies

text: The

text: city

text: itself

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: A²

text: A

text: squared

text: or

text: A

text: two

text: or

text: AA

text: The

text: Deuce

text: mainly

text: by

text: Chicagoans

text: and

text: Tree

text: Town

text: With

text: tongue

text: in

text: cheek

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: liberal

text: political

text: leanings

text: some

text: occasionally

text: refer

text: to

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: as

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: or

text: square

text: miles

text: surrounded

text: by

text: reality

text: the

text: latter

text: phrase

text: being

text: adapted

text: from

text: Wisconsin

text: Governor

text: Lee

text: Dreyfus

text: 's

text: description

text: of

text: Madison

text: Wisconsin

text: In

text: A

text: Prairie

text: Home

text: Companion

text: broadcast

text: from

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Garrison

text: Keillor

text: described

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: where

text: people

text: discuss

text: socialism

text: but

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: fanciest

text: restaurants

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: sometimes

text: appears

text: on

text: citation

text: indexes

text: as

text: an

text: author

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: location

text: often

text: with

text: the

text: academic

text: degree

text: MI

text: a

text: misunderstanding

text: of

text: the

text: abbreviation

text: for

text: Michigan

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: has

text: become

text: increasingly

text: gentrified

text: in

text: recent

text: years

question: What is a person from Ann Arbor called?

answer: Ann Arborite

text: Ann Arborite

question: In recent years what has Ann Arbor become?

answer: gentrified

text: gentrified

question: Which city is referred to as the "People's Republic of Ann Arbor"?

answer: Ann Arbor

text: Ann Arbor


text: Two groups G and H are called isomorphic if there exist group homomorphisms a: G → H and b: H → G, such that applying the two functions one after another in each of the two possible orders gives the identity functions of G and H. That is, a(b(h)) = h and b(a(g)) = g for any g in G and h in H. From an abstract point of view, isomorphic groups carry the same information. For example, proving that g • g = 1G for some element g of G is equivalent to proving that a(g) ∗ a(g) = 1H, because applying a to the first equality yields the second, and applying b to the second gives back the first.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Two

text: groups

text: G

text: and

text: H

text: are

text: called

text: isomorphic

text: if

text: there

text: exist

text: group

text: homomorphisms

text: a

text: G

text: H

text: and

text: b

text: H

text: G

text: such

text: that

text: applying

text: the

text: two

text: functions

text: one

text: after

text: another

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: possible

text: orders

text: gives

text: the

text: identity

text: functions

text: of

text: G

text: and

text: H.

text: That

text: is

text: a(b(h

text: h

text: and

text: b(a(g

text: g

text: for

text: any

text: g

text: in

text: G

text: and

text: h

text: in

text: H.

text: From

text: an

text: abstract

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: isomorphic

text: groups

text: carry

text: the

text: same

text: information

text: For

text: example

text: proving

text: that

text: g

text: g

text: G

text: for

text: some

text: element

text: g

text: of

text: G

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: proving

text: that

text: a(g

text: a(g

text: because

text: applying

text: a

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: equality

text: yields

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: applying

text: b

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: gives

text: back

text: the

text: first

question: What are two groups called if they include homomorphisms?

answer: isomorphic

text: isomorphic

question: What similar element do isomorphic groups carry?

answer: isomorphic groups

text: isomorphic groups

question: How can showing the second equality yields the first prove the concept of isomorphic groups?

answer: applying a to the first equality yields the second

text: applying a to the first equality yields the second


text: Before the reforms of the 19th and 20th centuries, the state organisation of the Ottoman Empire was a simple system that had two main dimensions, which were the military administration and the civil administration. The Sultan was the highest position in the system. The civil system was based on local administrative units based on the region's characteristics. The Ottomans practiced a system in which the state (as in the Byzantine Empire) had control over the clergy. Certain pre-Islamic Turkish traditions that had survived the adoption of administrative and legal practices from Islamic Iran remained important in Ottoman administrative circles. According to Ottoman understanding, the state's primary responsibility was to defend and extend the land of the Muslims and to ensure security and harmony within its borders within the overarching context of orthodox Islamic practice and dynastic sovereignty.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Before

text: the

text: reforms

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: state

text: organisation

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: a

text: simple

text: system

text: that

text: had

text: two

text: main

text: dimensions

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: military

text: administration

text: and

text: the

text: civil

text: administration

text: The

text: Sultan

text: was

text: the

text: highest

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: system

text: The

text: civil

text: system

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: local

text: administrative

text: units

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: characteristics

text: The

text: Ottomans

text: practiced

text: a

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: state

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: had

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: clergy

text: Certain

text: pre

text: Islamic

text: Turkish

text: traditions

text: that

text: had

text: survived

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: administrative

text: and

text: legal

text: practices

text: from

text: Islamic

text: Iran

text: remained

text: important

text: in

text: Ottoman

text: administrative

text: circles

text: According

text: to

text: Ottoman

text: understanding

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: primary

text: responsibility

text: was

text: to

text: defend

text: and

text: extend

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Muslims

text: and

text: to

text: ensure

text: security

text: and

text: harmony

text: within

text: its

text: borders

text: within

text: the

text: overarching

text: context

text: of

text: orthodox

text: Islamic

text: practice

text: and

text: dynastic

text: sovereignty

question: What was the highest ranked person in the Ottoman Empire until the 19th century?

answer: Sultan was the highest position

text: Sultan was the highest position

question: On type of system were the civil administrations of the empire based on?

answer: local administrative units based on the region's characteristics

text: local administrative units based on the region's characteristics

question: Who had control over the clergy in the Ottoman empire?

answer: the state

text: the state

question: What was the main responsibility of the Ottoman state as it relates to lands?

answer: to defend and extend the land of the Muslims

text: to defend and extend the land of the Muslims

question: What type of practice guided the Ottoman state in its responsibilities?

answer: orthodox Islamic practice

text: orthodox Islamic practice


text: Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Despite

text: early

text: victories

text: Pyrrhus

text: found

text: his

text: position

text: in

text: Italy

text: untenable

text: Rome

text: steadfastly

text: refused

text: to

text: negotiate

text: with

text: Pyrrhus

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: his

text: army

text: remained

text: in

text: Italy

text: Facing

text: unacceptably

text: heavy

text: losses

text: from

text: each

text: encounter

text: with

text: the

text: Roman

text: army

text: Pyrrhus

text: withdrew

text: from

text: the

text: peninsula

text: hence

text: the

text: term

text: Pyrrhic

text: victory

text: In

text: BC

text: Pyrrhus

text: again

text: met

text: the

text: Roman

text: army

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Beneventum

text: While

text: Beneventum

text: was

text: indecisive

text: Pyrrhus

text: realised

text: his

text: army

text: had

text: been

text: exhausted

text: and

text: reduced

text: by

text: years

text: of

text: foreign

text: campaigns

text: Seeing

text: little

text: hope

text: for

text: further

text: gains

text: he

text: withdrew

text: completely

text: from

text: Italy

question: Who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army?

answer: Pyrrhus

text: Pyrrhus

question: What did Rome refuse to do in their relations with Pyrrhus?

answer: negotiate

text: negotiate

question: What military leader does the term Pyrrhic victory come from?

answer: Pyrrhus

text: Pyrrhus

question: What ultimately caused Pyrrhus to vacate completely from the country of Italy?

answer: Seeing little hope for further gains

text: Seeing little hope for further gains

question: In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place?

answer: 275 BC

text: 275 BC


text: Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Logic

text: operations

text: involve

text: Boolean

text: logic

text: AND

text: OR

text: XOR

text: and

text: NOT

text: These

text: can

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: creating

text: complicated

text: conditional

text: statements

text: and

text: processing

text: boolean

text: logic

question: Boolean logic consists of what?

answer: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT

text: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT


text: While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters. But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: While

text: Göring

text: was

text: optimistic

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: could

text: prevail

text: Hitler

text: was

text: not

text: On

text: September

text: he

text: postponed

text: Operation

text: Sea

text: Lion

text: as

text: it

text: turned

text: out

text: indefinitely

text: rather

text: than

text: gamble

text: Germany

text: 's

text: newly

text: gained

text: military

text: prestige

text: on

text: a

text: risky

text: cross

text: Channel

text: operation

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: a

text: sceptical

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: battle

text: the

text: bombers

text: became

text: lures

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: draw

text: the

text: RAF

text: into

text: combat

text: with

text: German

text: fighters

text: But

text: their

text: operations

text: were

text: to

text: no

text: avail

text: the

text: worsening

text: weather

text: and

text: unsustainable

text: attrition

text: in

text: daylight

text: gave

text: the

text: OKL

text: an

text: excuse

text: to

text: switch

text: to

text: night

text: attacks

text: on

text: October

question: Who thought the Luftwaffe could win?

answer: Göring

text: Göring

question: What day did Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion?

answer: 17 September

text: 17 September

question: What was the name of the man from the Soviet Union who was doubtful of Operation Sea Lion?

answer: Joseph Stalin

text: Joseph Stalin

question: Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?

answer: RAF

text: RAF

question: When did the OKL switch to night raids?

answer: 7 October

text: 7 October


text: The Highway Patrol is the primary law enforcement entity that concentrates on highway safety regulations and general non-wildlife state law enforcement and is under the jurisdiction of the Tennessee Department of Safety. The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fisheries regulations outside of state parks. The TBI maintains state-of-the-art investigative facilities and is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. Tennessee State Park Rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: The

text: Highway

text: Patrol

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: law

text: enforcement

text: entity

text: that

text: concentrates

text: on

text: highway

text: safety

text: regulations

text: and

text: general

text: non

text: wildlife

text: state

text: law

text: enforcement

text: and

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: Department

text: of

text: Safety

text: The

text: TWRA

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: agency

text: tasked

text: with

text: enforcing

text: all

text: wildlife

text: boating

text: and

text: fisheries

text: regulations

text: outside

text: of

text: state

text: parks

text: The

text: TBI

text: maintains

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: investigative

text: facilities

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: state

text: level

text: criminal

text: investigative

text: department

text: Tennessee

text: State

text: Park

text: Rangers

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: activities

text: and

text: law

text: enforcement

text: inside

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: State

text: Parks

text: system

question: Which Tennessee law enforcement agency looks for road safety violations?

answer: Highway Patrol

text: Highway Patrol

question: Which Tennessee agency enforces state wildlife regulations outside of parks?

answer: TWRA

text: TWRA

question: What is the acronym for Tennessee's statewide criminal investigation agency?

answer: TBI

text: TBI

question: Who provides law enforcement within Tennessee's state parks?

answer: Tennessee State Park Rangers

text: Tennessee State Park Rangers