text: In July 1973, Queen finally under a Trident/EMI deal released their eponymous debut album, an effort influenced by the heavy metal and progressive rock of the day. The album was received well by critics; Gordon Fletcher of Rolling Stone said "their debut album is superb", and Chicago's Daily Herald called it an "above average debut". It drew little mainstream attention, and the lead single "Keep Yourself Alive", a Brian May composition, sold poorly. Retrospectively, "Keep Yourself Alive" is cited as the highlight of the album, and in 2008 Rolling Stone ranked it 31st in the "100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time", describing it as "an entire album's worth of riffs crammed into a single song". The album was certified gold in the UK and the US.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: In

text: July

text: Queen

text: finally

text: under

text: a

text: Trident

text: EMI

text: deal

text: released

text: their

text: eponymous

text: debut

text: album

text: an

text: effort

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: heavy

text: metal

text: and

text: progressive

text: rock

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: received

text: well

text: by

text: critics

text: Gordon

text: Fletcher

text: of

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: said

text: their

text: debut

text: album

text: is

text: superb

text: and

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: Daily

text: Herald

text: called

text: it

text: an

text: above

text: average

text: debut

text: It

text: drew

text: little

text: mainstream

text: attention

text: and

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: Keep

text: Yourself

text: Alive

text: a

text: Brian

text: May

text: composition

text: sold

text: poorly

text: Retrospectively

text: Keep

text: Yourself

text: Alive

text: is

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: highlight

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: and

text: in

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: ranked

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Guitar

text: Songs

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: describing

text: it

text: as

text: an

text: entire

text: album

text: 's

text: worth

text: of

text: riffs

text: crammed

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: song

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: certified

text: gold

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: the

text: US

question: In what year was Queen's first album released?

answer: 1973

question: What was the name of Queen's first album?

answer: Queen

text: Queen

question: What was the lead single from Queen's first album?

answer: Keep Yourself Alive

text: Keep Yourself Alive

question: Which Queen song ranked as the 31st greatest guitar song in a 1998 Rolling Stone article?

answer: Keep Yourself Alive

text: Keep Yourself Alive

question: Which critic called Queen's debut superb?

answer: Gordon Fletcher

text: Gordon Fletcher


text: Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In 1754 the artillery school was reopened on a semi-secret basis. In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and Muteferrika was later granted by Sultan Ahmed III permission to publish non-religious books (despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders). Muteferrika's press published its first book in 1729 and, by 1743, issued 17 works in 23 volumes, each having between 500 and 1,000 copies.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Educational

text: and

text: technological

text: reforms

text: came

text: about

text: including

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Istanbul

text: Technical

text: University

text: In

text: an

text: artillery

text: school

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: impart

text: Western

text: style

text: artillery

text: methods

text: but

text: the

text: Islamic

text: clergy

text: successfully

text: objected

text: under

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: theodicy

text: In

text: the

text: artillery

text: school

text: was

text: reopened

text: on

text: a

text: semi

text: secret

text: basis

text: In

text: Ibrahim

text: Muteferrika

text: convinced

text: the

text: Grand

text: Vizier

text: Nevşehirli

text: Damat

text: İbrahim

text: Pasha

text: the

text: Grand

text: Mufti

text: and

text: the

text: clergy

text: on

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: and

text: Muteferrika

text: was

text: later

text: granted

text: by

text: Sultan

text: Ahmed

text: III

text: permission

text: to

text: publish

text: non

text: religious

text: books

text: despite

text: opposition

text: from

text: some

text: calligraphers

text: and

text: religious

text: leaders

text: Muteferrika

text: 's

text: press

text: published

text: its

text: first

text: book

text: in

text: and

text: by

text: issued

text: works

text: in

text: volumes

text: each

text: having

text: between

text: and

text: copies

question: What is one university that was formed in the early 18th century of the empire?

answer: Istanbul Technical University

text: Istanbul Technical University

question: What type of school was established in the empire in 1734?

answer: an artillery school

text: an artillery school

question: In 1754 what man convinced the Grand Vizier to allow the use of the printing press?

answer: Ibrahim Muteferrika

text: Ibrahim Muteferrika

question: Who was the Ottoaman Grand Vizier in 1726?

answer: Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha

text: Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha

question: In what year did an Ottoman press produce its first book?

answer: 1729


text: The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: The

text: two

text: volume

text: biography

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: by

text: Victor

text: Lowe

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: definitive

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: However

text: many

text: details

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: life

text: remain

text: obscure

text: because

text: he

text: left

text: no

text: Nachlass

text: his

text: family

text: carried

text: out

text: his

text: instructions

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: papers

text: be

text: destroyed

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: Additionally

text: Whitehead

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: almost

text: fanatical

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: privacy

text: and

text: for

text: writing

text: very

text: few

text: personal

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: kind

text: that

text: would

text: help

text: to

text: gain

text: insight

text: on

text: his

text: life

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: Lowe

text: himself

text: remarking

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: page

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: biography

text: No

text: professional

text: biographer

text: in

text: his

text: right

text: mind

text: would

text: touch

text: him

question: Who authored Whitehead's biography that is considered to be the most reliable description of Whitehead's life?

answer: Victor Lowe

text: Victor Lowe

question: Why was no Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death?

answer: his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death

text: his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death

question: What was Whitehead's opinion on privacy?

answer: almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy

text: almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy

question: What did the author of Whitehead's biography comment on the first page regarding the difficulty of obtaining information about Whitehead?

answer: "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."

text: "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."

question: How many volumes is the biography of Whitehead?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who wrote the biography of Whitehead?

answer: Victor Lowe

text: Victor Lowe

question: What was Whitehead's wish upon his death for his family?

answer: all of his papers be destroyed after his death.

text: all of his papers be destroyed after his death.

question: What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him?

answer: right to privacy

text: right to privacy


text: Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: Richard

text: Phillips

text: Feynman

text: /ˈfaɪnmən/

text: May

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: theoretical

text: physicist

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: path

text: integral

text: formulation

text: of

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: quantum

text: electrodynamics

text: and

text: the

text: physics

text: of

text: the

text: superfluidity

text: of

text: supercooled

text: liquid

text: helium

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: particle

text: physics

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: proposed

text: the

text: parton

text: model

text: For

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: quantum

text: electrodynamics

text: Feynman

text: jointly

text: with

text: Julian

text: Schwinger

text: and

text: Sin

text: Itiro

text: Tomonaga

text: received

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Physics

text: in

text: He

text: developed

text: a

text: widely

text: used

text: pictorial

text: representation

text: scheme

text: for

text: the

text: mathematical

text: expressions

text: governing

text: the

text: behavior

text: of

text: subatomic

text: particles

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Feynman

text: diagrams

text: During

text: his

text: lifetime

text: Feynman

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: scientists

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: a

text: poll

text: of

text: leading

text: physicists

text: worldwide

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: journal

text: Physics

text: World

text: he

text: was

text: ranked

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ten

text: greatest

text: physicists

text: of

text: all

text: time

question: Feynman proposed a integral model in particle physics, what was it?

answer: parton model

text: parton model

question: Who were the two men that won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Feynman?

answer: Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

text: Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

question: In what year did Feynman win his Nobel Prize?

answer: 1965

question: Feynman was famous for diagrams that showed how subatomic particles behaved, what are these known as?

answer: Feynman diagrams

text: Feynman diagrams

question: What honor did Feynman recieve in a 1999 poll conducted by British Journal Physics World?

answer: ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time

text: ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time


text: The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: consensus

text: of

text: modern

text: scholarship

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: accounts

text: represent

text: a

text: crucifixion

text: occurring

text: on

text: a

text: Friday

text: but

text: a

text: Thursday

text: or

text: Wednesday

text: crucifixion

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: proposed

text: Some

text: scholars

text: explain

text: a

text: Thursday

text: crucifixion

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: double

text: sabbath

text: caused

text: by

text: an

text: extra

text: Passover

text: sabbath

text: falling

text: on

text: Thursday

text: dusk

text: to

text: Friday

text: afternoon

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: normal

text: weekly

text: Sabbath

text: Some

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: crucified

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: not

text: Friday

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: the

text: mention

text: of

text: three

text: days

text: and

text: three

text: nights

text: in

text: Matthew

text: before

text: his

text: resurrection

text: celebrated

text: on

text: Sunday

text: Others

text: have

text: countered

text: by

text: saying

text: that

text: this

text: ignores

text: the

text: Jewish

text: idiom

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: day

text: and

text: night

text: may

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: period

text: that

text: the

text: expression

text: in

text: Matthew

text: is

text: idiomatic

text: not

text: a

text: statement

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: hours

text: in

text: the

text: tomb

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: many

text: references

text: to

text: a

text: resurrection

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: day

text: do

text: not

text: require

text: three

text: literal

text: nights

question: What day is presumed the Crucifixion happened?

answer: Friday

text: Friday

question: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?

answer: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath

text: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath

question: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?

answer: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew

text: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew

question: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?

answer: three days and three nights

text: three days and three nights

question: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?

answer: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights

text: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights


text: A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities. About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: A

text: desire

text: to

text: be

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: urban

text: scene

text: has

text: also

text: attracted

text: some

text: young

text: professionals

text: to

text: reside

text: in

text: inner

text: ring

text: suburbs

text: such

text: as

text: Grosse

text: Pointe

text: and

text: Royal

text: Oak

text: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: proximity

text: to

text: Windsor

text: Ontario

text: provides

text: for

text: views

text: and

text: nightlife

text: along

text: with

text: Ontario

text: 's

text: minimum

text: drinking

text: age

text: of

text: A

text: study

text: by

text: Walk

text: Score

text: recognized

text: Detroit

text: for

text: its

text: above

text: average

text: walkability

text: among

text: large

text: U.S.

text: cities

text: About

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: suburban

text: residents

text: occasionally

text: dine

text: and

text: attend

text: cultural

text: events

text: or

text: take

text: in

text: professional

text: games

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Detroit

question: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?

answer: Windsor, Ontario

text: Windsor, Ontario

question: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?

answer: two-thirds

text: two-thirds

question: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?

answer: Walk Score

text: Walk Score


text: French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Libération commented: "The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro." Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so, and that they had acted on their own initiative. A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer, knocked unconscious, and had to be sent to hospital.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: French

text: police

text: were

text: criticised

text: for

text: their

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: and

text: notably

text: for

text: confiscating

text: Tibetan

text: flags

text: from

text: demonstrators

text: The

text: newspaper

text: Libération

text: commented

text: The

text: police

text: did

text: so

text: much

text: that

text: only

text: the

text: Chinese

text: were

text: given

text: freedom

text: of

text: expression

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: flag

text: was

text: forbidden

text: everywhere

text: except

text: on

text: the

text: Trocadéro

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: Michèle

text: Alliot

text: Marie

text: later

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: police

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: ordered

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: and

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: acted

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: initiative

text: A

text: cameraman

text: for

text: France

text: was

text: struck

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: by

text: a

text: police

text: officer

text: knocked

text: unconscious

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: sent

text: to

text: hospital

question: What did French police take from demonstrators?

answer: Tibetan flags

text: Tibetan flags

question: Which newspaper reported that only the Chinese could express themselves?

answer: Libération

text: Libération

question: Where was the only place the Tibetan flag could be held?

answer: the Trocadéro

text: the Trocadéro

question: Who was the Minister of the Interior?

answer: Michèle Alliot-Marie

text: Michèle Alliot-Marie

question: What did French law enforcement take from protesters?

answer: Tibetan flags

text: Tibetan flags

question: Where was the only place Tibetan flags were permitted?

answer: the Trocadéro.

text: the Trocadéro.

question: Who said the police acted on their own in taking the flags?

answer: Michèle Alliot-Marie

text: Michèle Alliot-Marie

question: Who rendered a France 2 camera person unconscious?

answer: a police officer

text: a police officer


text: As culture flourished, so did decentralization. Whereas the first phase of shōen development in the early Heian period had seen the opening of new lands and the granting of the use of lands to aristocrats and religious institutions, the second phase saw the growth of patrimonial "house governments," as in the old clan system. (In fact, the form of the old clan system had remained largely intact within the great old centralized government.) New institutions were now needed in the face of social, economic, and political changes. The Taihō Code lapsed, its institutions relegated to ceremonial functions. Family administrations now became public institutions. As the most powerful family, the Fujiwara governed Japan and determined the general affairs of state, such as succession to the throne. Family and state affairs were thoroughly intermixed, a pattern followed among other families, monasteries, and even the imperial family. Land management became the primary occupation of the aristocracy, not so much because direct control by the imperial family or central government had declined but more from strong family solidarity and a lack of a sense of Japan as a single nation.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: As

text: culture

text: flourished

text: so

text: did

text: decentralization

text: Whereas

text: the

text: first

text: phase

text: of

text: shōen

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Heian

text: period

text: had

text: seen

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: new

text: lands

text: and

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: lands

text: to

text: aristocrats

text: and

text: religious

text: institutions

text: the

text: second

text: phase

text: saw

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: patrimonial

text: house

text: governments

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: clan

text: system

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: clan

text: system

text: had

text: remained

text: largely

text: intact

text: within

text: the

text: great

text: old

text: centralized

text: government

text: New

text: institutions

text: were

text: now

text: needed

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: changes

text: The

text: Taihō

text: Code

text: lapsed

text: its

text: institutions

text: relegated

text: to

text: ceremonial

text: functions

text: Family

text: administrations

text: now

text: became

text: public

text: institutions

text: As

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: family

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: governed

text: Japan

text: and

text: determined

text: the

text: general

text: affairs

text: of

text: state

text: such

text: as

text: succession

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: Family

text: and

text: state

text: affairs

text: were

text: thoroughly

text: intermixed

text: a

text: pattern

text: followed

text: among

text: other

text: families

text: monasteries

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: Land

text: management

text: became

text: the

text: primary

text: occupation

text: of

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: not

text: so

text: much

text: because

text: direct

text: control

text: by

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: or

text: central

text: government

text: had

text: declined

text: but

text: more

text: from

text: strong

text: family

text: solidarity

text: and

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: Japan

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: nation

question: What became the aristocracy's primary occupation?

answer: Land management

text: Land management

question: What grew during the second phase of shoen development?

answer: "house governments,"

text: "house governments,"

question: What governmental reorganization lapsed during the period of shoen development?

answer: Taihō Code

text: Taihō Code

question: Succession to the throne was determined by what clan?

answer: Fujiwara

text: Fujiwara


text: At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to "permanent mastery of the world", though he stated that they would "walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us." The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: 's

text: rise

text: to

text: power

text: increased

text: tensions

text: between

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: along

text: with

text: other

text: countries

text: with

text: ethnic

text: Slavs

text: who

text: were

text: considered

text: Untermenschen

text: inferior

text: according

text: to

text: Nazi

text: racial

text: ideology

text: Moreover

text: the

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: Nazis

text: associated

text: ethnic

text: Jews

text: with

text: both

text: communism

text: and

text: financial

text: capitalism

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: they

text: opposed

text: Consequently

text: Nazi

text: theory

text: held

text: that

text: Slavs

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: were

text: being

text: ruled

text: by

text: Jewish

text: Bolshevik

text: masters

text: In

text: Hitler

text: himself

text: had

text: spoken

text: of

text: an

text: inescapable

text: battle

text: against

text: both

text: Pan

text: Slavism

text: and

text: Neo

text: Slavism

text: the

text: victory

text: in

text: which

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: permanent

text: mastery

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: though

text: he

text: stated

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: walk

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: road

text: with

text: the

text: Russians

text: if

text: that

text: will

text: help

text: us

text: The

text: resulting

text: manifestation

text: of

text: German

text: anti

text: Bolshevism

text: and

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: Soviet

text: foreign

text: debts

text: caused

text: German

text: Soviet

text: trade

text: to

text: dramatically

text: decline.[b

text: Imports

text: of

text: Soviet

text: goods

text: to

text: Germany

text: fell

text: to

text: million

text: Reichsmarks

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: more

text: isolationist

text: Stalinist

text: regime

text: asserted

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: abandonment

text: of

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: military

text: controls

text: decreased

text: Germany

text: 's

text: reliance

text: on

text: Soviet

text: imports.[clarification

text: needed

question: Who was to blame for communism and capitalism?

answer: ethnic Jews

text: ethnic Jews

question: What reduced Germany’s need for Soviet goods?

answer: Treaty of Versailles

text: Treaty of Versailles

question: Which political group created problems between the Soviet and German governments?

answer: Nazi Party

text: Nazi Party


text: According to the United States Geological Survey, an updated analysis of seismic hazard in July 2014 revealed a "slightly lower hazard for tall buildings" in New York City than previously assessed. Scientists estimated this lessened risk based upon a lower likelihood than previously thought of slow shaking near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to taller structures from an earthquake in the vicinity of the city.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Geological

text: Survey

text: an

text: updated

text: analysis

text: of

text: seismic

text: hazard

text: in

text: July

text: revealed

text: a

text: slightly

text: lower

text: hazard

text: for

text: tall

text: buildings

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: than

text: previously

text: assessed

text: Scientists

text: estimated

text: this

text: lessened

text: risk

text: based

text: upon

text: a

text: lower

text: likelihood

text: than

text: previously

text: thought

text: of

text: slow

text: shaking

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: cause

text: damage

text: to

text: taller

text: structures

text: from

text: an

text: earthquake

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: the

text: city

question: When did the United States Geological Survey released its seismic hazard analysis?

answer: July 2014

text: July 2014


text: Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme to establish a French presence in the Middle East in order to put pressure on Britain and Russia, and perhaps form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire. In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor. He also opted for an alliance with France, calling France "our sincere and natural ally." That decision brought the Ottoman Empire into a losing war against Russia and Britain. A Franco-Persian alliance was also formed between Napoleon and the Persian Empire of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar. It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance. In the end, Napoleon had made no effective alliances in the Middle East.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: continued

text: to

text: entertain

text: a

text: grand

text: scheme

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: French

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: put

text: pressure

text: on

text: Britain

text: and

text: Russia

text: and

text: perhaps

text: form

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: In

text: February

text: Ottoman

text: Emperor

text: Selim

text: III

text: finally

text: recognized

text: Napoleon

text: as

text: Emperor

text: He

text: also

text: opted

text: for

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: France

text: calling

text: France

text: our

text: sincere

text: and

text: natural

text: ally

text: That

text: decision

text: brought

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: into

text: a

text: losing

text: war

text: against

text: Russia

text: and

text: Britain

text: A

text: Franco

text: Persian

text: alliance

text: was

text: also

text: formed

text: between

text: Napoleon

text: and

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: of

text: Fat′h

text: Ali

text: Shah

text: Qajar

text: It

text: collapsed

text: in

text: when

text: France

text: and

text: Russia

text: themselves

text: formed

text: an

text: unexpected

text: alliance

text: In

text: the

text: end

text: Napoleon

text: had

text: made

text: no

text: effective

text: alliances

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

question: Napoleon's master plan was to establish a French presence in what part of the world?

answer: the Middle East

text: the Middle East

question: In 1806, what Ottoman ruler recognized Napoleon as Emperor?

answer: Selim III

text: Selim III

question: In what year did Ottoman Emperor Selim III recognize Napoleon as Emperor?

answer: 1806

question: Napoleon formed an alliance with the empire of which Persian ruler?

answer: Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar

text: Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar

question: In what year did Napoleon's Franco-Persian alliance end?

answer: 1807


text: Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences. Paul Broca in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies, the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, meeting for the first time in Paris in 1859.[n 4] When he read Darwin he became an immediate convert to Transformisme, as the French called evolutionism. His definition now became "the study of the human group, considered as a whole, in its details, and in relation to the rest of nature".

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Darwin

text: and

text: Wallace

text: unveiled

text: evolution

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: There

text: was

text: an

text: immediate

text: rush

text: to

text: bring

text: it

text: into

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: Paul

text: Broca

text: in

text: Paris

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: breaking

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: Société

text: de

text: biologie

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: explicitly

text: anthropological

text: societies

text: the

text: Société

text: d'Anthropologie

text: de

text: Paris

text: meeting

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: When

text: he

text: read

text: Darwin

text: he

text: became

text: an

text: immediate

text: convert

text: to

text: Transformisme

text: as

text: the

text: French

text: called

text: evolutionism

text: His

text: definition

text: now

text: became

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: group

text: considered

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: in

text: its

text: details

text: and

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: nature

question: When did Wallace and Darwin unveil the theory of evolution?

answer: late 1850s.

text: late 1850s.

question: What was there a rush to do with the theory of evolution?

answer: bring it into the social sciences

text: bring it into the social sciences

question: Where did Paul Broca reside?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: What organization was Broca in the process of disentangling himself from?

answer: Société de biologie

text: Société de biologie

question: What did the French call evolutionism?

answer: Transformisme

text: Transformisme


text: Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Militarization

text: was

text: another

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: state

text: Large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: especially

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: were

text: closed

text: to

text: all

text: but

text: the

text: Soviet

text: military

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: shore

text: and

text: all

text: sea

text: islands

text: including

text: Saaremaa

text: and

text: Hiiumaa

text: were

text: declared

text: border

text: zones

text: People

text: not

text: actually

text: residing

text: there

text: were

text: restricted

text: from

text: travelling

text: to

text: them

text: without

text: a

text: permit

text: A

text: notable

text: closed

text: military

text: installation

text: was

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Paldiski

text: which

text: was

text: entirely

text: closed

text: to

text: all

text: public

text: access

text: The

text: city

text: had

text: a

text: support

text: base

text: for

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Baltic

text: Fleet

text: 's

text: submarines

text: and

text: several

text: large

text: military

text: bases

text: including

text: a

text: nuclear

text: submarine

text: training

text: centre

text: complete

text: with

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: model

text: of

text: a

text: nuclear

text: submarine

text: with

text: working

text: nuclear

text: reactors

text: The

text: Paldiski

text: reactors

text: building

text: passed

text: into

text: Estonian

text: control

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: Russian

text: troops

text: left

text: the

text: country

text: Immigration

text: was

text: another

text: effect

text: of

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: migrants

text: were

text: relocated

text: to

text: Estonia

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: to

text: assist

text: industrialisation

text: and

text: militarisation

text: contributing

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: about

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: within

text: years

question: What political strategy only allowed major parts of of Estonia to be accessed by the Soviets?

answer: Militarization

text: Militarization

question: What sea islands were declared border zones?

answer: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa

text: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa

question: What document did people need to travel to the border zones?

answer: permit

text: permit

question: What was established in the city of Paldiski?

answer: A notable closed military installation

text: A notable closed military installation


text: In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general. This was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: invited

text: Francis

text: Duke

text: of

text: Anjou

text: to

text: lead

text: them

text: but

text: after

text: a

text: failed

text: attempt

text: to

text: take

text: Antwerp

text: in

text: the

text: duke

text: left

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: again

text: After

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: William

text: of

text: Orange

text: July

text: both

text: Henry

text: III

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Elizabeth

text: I

text: of

text: England

text: declined

text: the

text: offer

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: However

text: the

text: latter

text: agreed

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: into

text: a

text: protectorate

text: of

text: England

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nonsuch

text: and

text: sent

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Leicester

text: as

text: governor

text: general

text: This

text: was

text: unsuccessful

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: became

text: a

text: confederacy

text: The

text: Union

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: United

text: Provinces

text: which

text: was

text: not

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Westphalia

text: in

question: In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them?

answer: 1582

question: In what year did Francis, Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands?

answer: 1583

question: When was William of Orange assassinated?

answer: 10 July 1584

text: 10 July 1584

question: Who agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England?

answer: Elizabeth I

text: Elizabeth I

question: In what year did the United Provinces become a confederacy?

answer: 1588


text: Alexander Graham Bell was ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll, and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005). In 2006 Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: Bell

text: was

text: ranked

text: among

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Britons

text: in

text: an

text: official

text: BBC

text: nationwide

text: poll

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: Top

text: Ten

text: Greatest

text: Canadians

text: and

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Americans

text: In

text: Bell

text: was

text: also

text: named

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: Scottish

text: scientists

text: in

text: history

text: after

text: having

text: been

text: listed

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: Scottish

text: Science

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Bell

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: still

text: widely

text: known

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: dozens

text: of

text: educational

text: institutes

text: corporate

text: namesakes

text: street

text: and

text: place

text: names

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: In 2002, where did Bell place in a list of the Greatest Britons?

answer: 57th

question: In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians?

answer: 10

question: In what Scottish Hall of Fame is Bell listed?

answer: Scottish Science Hall of Fame

text: Scottish Science Hall of Fame

question: Which institution listed Bell in their Hall of Fame?

answer: National Library of Scotland

text: National Library of Scotland


text: Two days after "1984" aired, the Macintosh went on sale, and came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. It was first demonstrated by Steve Jobs in the first of his famous Mac keynote speeches, and though the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some labeled it a mere "toy." Because the operating system was designed largely around the GUI, existing text-mode and command-driven applications had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten. This was a time-consuming task that many software developers chose not to undertake, and could be regarded as a reason for an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984, Microsoft's MultiPlan migrated over from MS-DOS, with Microsoft Word following in January 1985. In 1985, Lotus Software introduced Lotus Jazz for the Macintosh platform after the success of Lotus 1-2-3 for the IBM PC, although it was largely a flop. Apple introduced the Macintosh Office suite the same year with the "Lemmings" ad. Infamous for insulting its own potential customers, the ad was not successful.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Two

text: days

text: after

text: aired

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: went

text: on

text: sale

text: and

text: came

text: bundled

text: with

text: two

text: applications

text: designed

text: to

text: show

text: off

text: its

text: interface

text: MacWrite

text: and

text: MacPaint

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: his

text: famous

text: Mac

text: keynote

text: speeches

text: and

text: though

text: the

text: Mac

text: garnered

text: an

text: immediate

text: enthusiastic

text: following

text: some

text: labeled

text: it

text: a

text: mere

text: toy

text: Because

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: was

text: designed

text: largely

text: around

text: the

text: GUI

text: existing

text: text

text: mode

text: and

text: command

text: driven

text: applications

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: redesigned

text: and

text: the

text: programming

text: code

text: rewritten

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: consuming

text: task

text: that

text: many

text: software

text: developers

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: undertake

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: reason

text: for

text: an

text: initial

text: lack

text: of

text: software

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: system

text: In

text: April

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: MultiPlan

text: migrated

text: over

text: from

text: MS

text: DOS

text: with

text: Microsoft

text: Word

text: following

text: in

text: January

text: In

text: Lotus

text: Software

text: introduced

text: Lotus

text: Jazz

text: for

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: platform

text: after

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: Lotus

text: for

text: the

text: IBM

text: PC

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: largely

text: a

text: flop

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: Office

text: suite

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: with

text: the

text: Lemmings

text: ad

text: Infamous

text: for

text: insulting

text: its

text: own

text: potential

text: customers

text: the

text: ad

text: was

text: not

text: successful

question: What two applications came bundled with Macs 2 days after "1984" was aired?

answer: MacWrite and MacPaint

text: MacWrite and MacPaint

question: Why did many software developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?

answer: This was a time-consuming task

text: This was a time-consuming task

question: What year did Microsoft's MultiPlan migrate over from MS-DOS?

answer: 1984

question: What year was Apple's Macintosh Office suite introduced?

answer: 1985

question: What did Apple's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?

answer: insulting its own potential customers

text: insulting its own potential customers


text: The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system. Their job was apolitical; to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the law. This was very different to the 'Continental model' of the police force that had been developed in France, where the police force worked within the parameters of the absolutist state as an extension of the authority of the monarch and functioned as part of the governing state.

title: Police

title: Police

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: Police

text: Act

text: created

text: a

text: modern

text: police

text: force

text: by

text: limiting

text: the

text: purview

text: of

text: the

text: force

text: and

text: its

text: powers

text: and

text: envisioning

text: it

text: as

text: merely

text: an

text: organ

text: of

text: the

text: judicial

text: system

text: Their

text: job

text: was

text: apolitical

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: peace

text: and

text: apprehend

text: criminals

text: for

text: the

text: courts

text: to

text: process

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: law

text: This

text: was

text: very

text: different

text: to

text: the

text: Continental

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: police

text: force

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: developed

text: in

text: France

text: where

text: the

text: police

text: force

text: worked

text: within

text: the

text: parameters

text: of

text: the

text: absolutist

text: state

text: as

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: and

text: functioned

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: governing

text: state

question: When was the Metropolitan Police Act passed?

answer: 1829

question: What did the Metropolitan Police Act say police were a subset of?

answer: the judicial system

text: the judicial system

question: Where was the 'Continental model' of police from?

answer: France

text: France

question: What part of the government did French police work under?

answer: the authority of the monarch

text: the authority of the monarch


text: In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heaven and crying; "Give us Athanasius!" The Bishops had nothing better. Athanasius was thus elected, as Gregory tells us..." (Pope Gregory I, would have full access to the Vatican Archives).

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: In

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: Mother

text: F.

text: A.

text: Forbes

text: research

text: and

text: reference

text: to

text: Pope

text: Saint

text: Gregory

text: 's

text: writings

text: it

text: would

text: appear

text: that

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: constrained

text: to

text: be

text: Bishop

text: She

text: writes

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: Patriarch

text: Alexander

text: was

text: on

text: his

text: death

text: bed

text: he

text: called

text: Athanasius

text: who

text: fled

text: fearing

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: constrained

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: Bishop

text: When

text: the

text: Bishops

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: assembled

text: to

text: elect

text: their

text: new

text: Patriarch

text: the

text: whole

text: Catholic

text: population

text: surrounded

text: the

text: church

text: holding

text: up

text: their

text: hands

text: to

text: Heaven

text: and

text: crying

text: Give

text: us

text: Athanasius

text: The

text: Bishops

text: had

text: nothing

text: better

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: thus

text: elected

text: as

text: Gregory

text: tells

text: us

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: I

text: would

text: have

text: full

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Vatican

text: Archives

question: What did he do when he thought he might be made Bishop?

answer: fled

text: fled

question: Who did the Catholics of Alexandria want as their Bishop?

answer: "Give us Athanasius!"

text: "Give us Athanasius!"

question: When did Alexander ask to see Athanasius?

answer: on his death-bed

text: on his death-bed

question: Was there someone else that was preferred as Bishop?

answer: The Bishops had nothing better

text: The Bishops had nothing better


text: The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CAD$12.5 billion over five years, as well as a commitment to increasing regular force troop levels by 5,000 persons, and the primary reserve by 3,000 over the same period. In 2006, a further CAD$5.3 billion over five years was provided to allow for 13,000 more regular force members, and 10,000 more primary reserve personnel, as well as CAD$17.1 billion for the purchase of new trucks for the Canadian Army, transport aircraft and helicopters for the Royal Canadian Air Force, and joint support ships for the Royal Canadian Navy.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Canada

text: gives

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: exclusive

text: responsibility

text: for

text: national

text: defence

text: and

text: expenditures

text: are

text: thus

text: outlined

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: budget

text: For

text: the

text: fiscal

text: year

text: the

text: amount

text: allocated

text: for

text: defence

text: spending

text: was

text: billion

text: This

text: regular

text: funding

text: was

text: augmented

text: in

text: with

text: an

text: additional

text: billion

text: over

text: five

text: years

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: increasing

text: regular

text: force

text: troop

text: levels

text: by

text: persons

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: reserve

text: by

text: over

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: In

text: a

text: further

text: billion

text: over

text: five

text: years

text: was

text: provided

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: more

text: regular

text: force

text: members

text: and

text: more

text: primary

text: reserve

text: personnel

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: new

text: trucks

text: for

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Army

text: transport

text: aircraft

text: and

text: helicopters

text: for

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: joint

text: support

text: ships

text: for

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Navy

question: What gives the federal government responsibility for national defense?

answer: The Constitution of Canada

text: The Constitution of Canada

question: What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over five years?

answer: 2005


text: Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party. All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election. In partisan elections for the Washington State Legislature and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by Democrats. Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes. It has also elected an openly gay mayor, Ed Murray, and a socialist councillor, Kshama Sawant. For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991. The majority of the current city council is female, while white men comprise a minority.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: political

text: culture

text: is

text: very

text: liberal

text: and

text: progressive

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: voting

text: for

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: All

text: precincts

text: in

text: Seattle

text: voted

text: for

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: candidate

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: in

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: In

text: partisan

text: elections

text: for

text: the

text: Washington

text: State

text: Legislature

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: nearly

text: all

text: elections

text: are

text: won

text: by

text: Democrats

text: Seattle

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: American

text: city

text: to

text: elect

text: a

text: female

text: mayor

text: Bertha

text: Knight

text: Landes

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: elected

text: an

text: openly

text: gay

text: mayor

text: Ed

text: Murray

text: and

text: a

text: socialist

text: councillor

text: Kshama

text: Sawant

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: history

text: an

text: openly

text: gay

text: black

text: woman

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: public

text: office

text: when

text: Sherry

text: Harris

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: Seattle

text: city

text: councillor

text: in

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: city

text: council

text: is

text: female

text: while

text: white

text: men

text: comprise

text: a

text: minority

question: How many people in Seattle vote Democratic?

answer: over 80%

text: over 80%

question: For whom did the residents of Seattle vote in the 2012 presidential election?

answer: Barack Obama

text: Barack Obama

question: What party members win most state and national legislative elections?

answer: Democrats

text: Democrats

question: Who was Seattle's , and the nation's, first female mayor?

answer: Bertha Knight Landes

text: Bertha Knight Landes

question: What is the sex of the majority of Seattle's city council?

answer: female

text: female


text: Birds live and breed in most terrestrial habitats and on all seven continents, reaching their southern extreme in the snow petrel's breeding colonies up to 440 kilometres (270 mi) inland in Antarctica. The highest bird diversity occurs in tropical regions. It was earlier thought that this high diversity was the result of higher speciation rates in the tropics, however recent studies found higher speciation rates in the high latitudes that were offset by greater extinction rates than in the tropics. Several families of birds have adapted to life both on the world's oceans and in them, with some seabird species coming ashore only to breed and some penguins have been recorded diving up to 300 metres (980 ft).

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: live

text: and

text: breed

text: in

text: most

text: terrestrial

text: habitats

text: and

text: on

text: all

text: seven

text: continents

text: reaching

text: their

text: southern

text: extreme

text: in

text: the

text: snow

text: petrel

text: 's

text: breeding

text: colonies

text: up

text: to

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: inland

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: The

text: highest

text: bird

text: diversity

text: occurs

text: in

text: tropical

text: regions

text: It

text: was

text: earlier

text: thought

text: that

text: this

text: high

text: diversity

text: was

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: higher

text: speciation

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: however

text: recent

text: studies

text: found

text: higher

text: speciation

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: high

text: latitudes

text: that

text: were

text: offset

text: by

text: greater

text: extinction

text: rates

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: Several

text: families

text: of

text: birds

text: have

text: adapted

text: to

text: life

text: both

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: and

text: in

text: them

text: with

text: some

text: seabird

text: species

text: coming

text: ashore

text: only

text: to

text: breed

text: and

text: some

text: penguins

text: have

text: been

text: recorded

text: diving

text: up

text: to

text: metres

text: ft

question: Birds live on how many continents?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Highest bird diversity occurs in which regions?

answer: tropical

text: tropical

question: Some penguins have been recording diving up to how many feet?

answer: 980

question: Some seabird species only come ashore for what purpose?

answer: to breed

text: to breed


text: Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.[citation needed]

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: Free

text: ISPs

text: are

text: Internet

text: service

text: providers

text: that

text: provide

text: service

text: free

text: of

text: charge

text: Many

text: free

text: ISPs

text: display

text: advertisements

text: while

text: the

text: user

text: is

text: connected

text: like

text: commercial

text: television

text: in

text: a

text: sense

text: they

text: are

text: selling

text: the

text: user

text: 's

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: advertiser

text: Other

text: free

text: ISPs

text: sometimes

text: called

text: freenets

text: are

text: run

text: on

text: a

text: nonprofit

text: basis

text: usually

text: with

text: volunteer

text: staff.[citation

text: needed

question: What are free ISPs?

answer: Internet service providers that provide service free of charge

text: Internet service providers that provide service free of charge

question: What do free ISPs display in exchange for service?

answer: advertisements

text: advertisements

question: What are free ISPs similar to?

answer: commercial television

text: commercial television

question: How are freenets run?

answer: on a nonprofit basis

text: on a nonprofit basis


text: Kerry is a Roman Catholic, and is said to carry a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal (the patron saint of travelers) when he campaigned. While Kerry is personally against abortion, he supports a woman's legal right to have one. Discussing his faith, Kerry said, "I thought of being a priest. I was very religious while at school in Switzerland. I was an altar boy and prayed all the time. I was very centered around the Mass and the church." He also said that the Letters of Paul (Apostle Paul) moved him the most, stating that they taught him to "not feel sorry for myself."

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: is

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: and

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: carry

text: a

text: religious

text: rosary

text: a

text: prayer

text: book

text: and

text: a

text: St.

text: Christopher

text: medal

text: the

text: patron

text: saint

text: of

text: travelers

text: when

text: he

text: campaigned

text: While

text: Kerry

text: is

text: personally

text: against

text: abortion

text: he

text: supports

text: a

text: woman

text: 's

text: legal

text: right

text: to

text: have

text: one

text: Discussing

text: his

text: faith

text: Kerry

text: said

text: I

text: thought

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: priest

text: I

text: was

text: very

text: religious

text: while

text: at

text: school

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: I

text: was

text: an

text: altar

text: boy

text: and

text: prayed

text: all

text: the

text: time

text: I

text: was

text: very

text: centered

text: around

text: the

text: Mass

text: and

text: the

text: church

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: Letters

text: of

text: Paul

text: Apostle

text: Paul

text: moved

text: him

text: the

text: most

text: stating

text: that

text: they

text: taught

text: him

text: to

text: not

text: feel

text: sorry

text: for

text: myself

question: What religion is Kerry?

answer: Roman Catholic

text: Roman Catholic

question: What religious items did Kerry bring with him while campaigning?

answer: a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal

text: a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal

question: What is St. Christopher the patron saint of?

answer: travelers

text: travelers

question: What did Kerry do in the church while living in Switzerland?

answer: was an altar boy and prayed all the time

text: was an altar boy and prayed all the time

question: Which part of the Bible did Kerry find the most moving?

answer: the Letters of Paul

text: the Letters of Paul


text: All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. Baltimore had four major department stores: Hutzler's was the prestige leader, followed by Hecht's, Hochschild's and Stewart's. They all operated branches in the suburbs, but all closed in the late twentieth century. By 2015, most locally owned department stores around the country had been consolidated into larger chains, or had closed down entirely.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: All

text: major

text: cities

text: have

text: their

text: distinctive

text: local

text: department

text: stores

text: which

text: anchored

text: the

text: downtown

text: shopping

text: district

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: malls

text: in

text: the

text: Washington

text: for

text: example

text: after

text: had

text: Woodward

text: Lothrop

text: and

text: Garfinckel

text: 's

text: starting

text: in

text: Garfield

text: 's

text: went

text: bankrupt

text: in

text: as

text: did

text: Woodward

text: Lothrop

text: in

text: Baltimore

text: had

text: four

text: major

text: department

text: stores

text: Hutzler

text: 's

text: was

text: the

text: prestige

text: leader

text: followed

text: by

text: Hecht

text: 's

text: Hochschild

text: 's

text: and

text: Stewart

text: 's

text: They

text: all

text: operated

text: branches

text: in

text: the

text: suburbs

text: but

text: all

text: closed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: twentieth

text: century

text: By

text: most

text: locally

text: owned

text: department

text: stores

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: had

text: been

text: consolidated

text: into

text: larger

text: chains

text: or

text: had

text: closed

text: down

text: entirely

question: When did Garfinckel's begin operating in Washington?

answer: 1905

question: In what year did Garfield's go bankrupt?

answer: 1990

question: How many major department stores did Baltimore have at the time?

answer: four

text: four

question: By what year had most local stores been assimilated into larger chain operations?

answer: 2015


text: The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within the first centuries of contact with Europeans. The leading cause was disease. The continent was ravaged by epidemics of diseases such as smallpox, measles, and cholera, which were brought from Europe by the early explorers and spread quickly into new areas even before later explorers and colonists reached them. Native Americans suffered high mortality rates due to their lack of prior exposure to these diseases. The loss of lives was exacerbated by conflict between colonists and indigenous people. Colonists also frequently perpetrated massacres on the indigenous groups and enslaved them. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894), the North American Indian Wars of the 19th century cost the lives of about 19,000 whites and 30,000 Native Americans.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: European

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: forever

text: changed

text: the

text: lives

text: and

text: cultures

text: of

text: the

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: continents

text: Although

text: the

text: exact

text: pre

text: contact

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: is

text: unknown

text: scholars

text: estimate

text: that

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: diminished

text: by

text: between

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: centuries

text: of

text: contact

text: with

text: Europeans

text: The

text: leading

text: cause

text: was

text: disease

text: The

text: continent

text: was

text: ravaged

text: by

text: epidemics

text: of

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: smallpox

text: measles

text: and

text: cholera

text: which

text: were

text: brought

text: from

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: explorers

text: and

text: spread

text: quickly

text: into

text: new

text: areas

text: even

text: before

text: later

text: explorers

text: and

text: colonists

text: reached

text: them

text: Native

text: Americans

text: suffered

text: high

text: mortality

text: rates

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: prior

text: exposure

text: to

text: these

text: diseases

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: lives

text: was

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: conflict

text: between

text: colonists

text: and

text: indigenous

text: people

text: Colonists

text: also

text: frequently

text: perpetrated

text: massacres

text: on

text: the

text: indigenous

text: groups

text: and

text: enslaved

text: them

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Bureau

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Indian

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: cost

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: about

text: whites

text: and

text: Native

text: Americans

question: What did the European colonization forever change?

answer: lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents

text: lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents

question: How much did the population of the Americas decrease after first contact with the Europeans?

answer: between 80 and 90%

text: between 80 and 90%

question: What was the leading cause of death for the native population after European contact?

answer: disease

text: disease

question: What triad of disease epidemics ravaged the American continent?

answer: smallpox, measles, and cholera

text: smallpox, measles, and cholera

question: Why did Native Americans suffer such high mortality rates to the diseases?

answer: lack of prior exposure

text: lack of prior exposure


text: Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing emergency aid and humanitarian response teams to disasters across the world. Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1958, with the establishment of MASHAV, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Agency for International Development Cooperation.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israeli

text: foreign

text: aid

text: ranks

text: very

text: low

text: among

text: OECD

text: nations

text: spending

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: its

text: GNI

text: on

text: foreign

text: aid

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: recommended

text: Individual

text: international

text: charitable

text: donations

text: are

text: also

text: very

text: low

text: with

text: only

text: of

text: charitable

text: donations

text: being

text: sent

text: to

text: foreign

text: causes

text: However

text: Israel

text: has

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: providing

text: emergency

text: aid

text: and

text: humanitarian

text: response

text: teams

text: to

text: disasters

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: Israel

text: 's

text: humanitarian

text: efforts

text: officially

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: MASHAV

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: Agency

text: for

text: International

text: Development

text: Cooperation

question: How much does Israel spend on foreign aid?

answer: less than 0.1%

text: less than 0.1%

question: When was MASHAV established?

answer: 1958

question: Israel has a history of providing what?

answer: emergency aid

text: emergency aid


text: The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: Labour

text: Party

text: 's

text: origins

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: apparent

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: need

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: political

text: party

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: interests

text: and

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: proletariat

text: a

text: demographic

text: which

text: had

text: increased

text: in

text: number

text: and

text: had

text: recently

text: been

text: given

text: franchise

text: Some

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: trades

text: union

text: movement

text: became

text: interested

text: in

text: moving

text: into

text: the

text: political

text: field

text: and

text: after

text: further

text: extensions

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: franchise

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: endorsed

text: some

text: trade

text: union

text: sponsored

text: candidates

text: The

text: first

text: Lib

text: Lab

text: candidate

text: to

text: stand

text: was

text: George

text: Odger

text: in

text: the

text: Southwark

text: by

text: election

text: of

text: In

text: addition

text: several

text: small

text: socialist

text: groups

text: had

text: formed

text: around

text: this

text: time

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: linking

text: the

text: movement

text: to

text: political

text: policies

text: Among

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: Independent

text: Labour

text: Party

text: the

text: intellectual

text: and

text: largely

text: middle

text: class

text: Fabian

text: Society

text: the

text: Marxist

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Federation

text: and

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Labour

text: Party

question: About when did the Labour Parry start?

answer: late 19th century

text: late 19th century

question: when was george odger elected?

answer: 1870


text: In 586 BCE King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon. The defeat was also recorded by the Babylonians (see the Babylonian Chronicles). In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire. Cyrus issued a proclamation granting subjugated nations (including the people of Judah) religious freedom (for the original text, which corroborates the biblical narrative only in very broad terms, see the Cyrus Cylinder). According to the Hebrew Bible 50,000 Judeans, led by Zerubabel, returned to Judah and rebuilt the temple. A second group of 5,000, led by Ezra and Nehemiah, returned to Judah in 456 BCE although non-Jews wrote to Cyrus to try to prevent their return.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: In

text: BCE

text: King

text: Nebuchadnezzar

text: II

text: of

text: Babylon

text: conquered

text: Judah

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: he

text: destroyed

text: Solomon

text: 's

text: Temple

text: and

text: exiled

text: the

text: Jews

text: to

text: Babylon

text: The

text: defeat

text: was

text: also

text: recorded

text: by

text: the

text: Babylonians

text: see

text: the

text: Babylonian

text: Chronicles

text: In

text: BCE

text: Cyrus

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Persia

text: conquered

text: Babylon

text: and

text: took

text: over

text: its

text: empire

text: Cyrus

text: issued

text: a

text: proclamation

text: granting

text: subjugated

text: nations

text: including

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Judah

text: religious

text: freedom

text: for

text: the

text: original

text: text

text: which

text: corroborates

text: the

text: biblical

text: narrative

text: only

text: in

text: very

text: broad

text: terms

text: see

text: the

text: Cyrus

text: Cylinder

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: Judeans

text: led

text: by

text: Zerubabel

text: returned

text: to

text: Judah

text: and

text: rebuilt

text: the

text: temple

text: A

text: second

text: group

text: of

text: led

text: by

text: Ezra

text: and

text: Nehemiah

text: returned

text: to

text: Judah

text: in

text: BCE

text: although

text: non

text: Jews

text: wrote

text: to

text: Cyrus

text: to

text: try

text: to

text: prevent

text: their

text: return

question: Who conquered Judah?

answer: King Nebuchadnezzar II

text: King Nebuchadnezzar II

question: How many Judeans did Zerubabel return to Judah?

answer: 50,000

question: How many Judeans did Ezra lead?

answer: 5,000


text: Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces can operate, secure from air and missile threats. The DCA mission comprises both active and passive defense measures. Active defense is "the employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy" (JP 1-02). It includes both ballistic missile defense and air breathing threat defense, and encompasses point defense, area defense, and high value airborne asset defense. Passive defense is "measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative" (JP 1-02). It includes detection and warning; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense; camouflage, concealment, and deception; hardening; reconstitution; dispersion; redundancy; and mobility, counter-measures, and stealth.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Defensive

text: Counterair

text: DCA

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: all

text: the

text: defensive

text: measures

text: designed

text: to

text: detect

text: identify

text: intercept

text: and

text: destroy

text: or

text: negate

text: enemy

text: forces

text: attempting

text: to

text: penetrate

text: or

text: attack

text: through

text: friendly

text: airspace

text: JP

text: A

text: major

text: goal

text: of

text: DCA

text: operations

text: in

text: concert

text: with

text: OCA

text: operations

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: area

text: from

text: which

text: forces

text: can

text: operate

text: secure

text: from

text: air

text: and

text: missile

text: threats

text: The

text: DCA

text: mission

text: comprises

text: both

text: active

text: and

text: passive

text: defense

text: measures

text: Active

text: defense

text: is

text: the

text: employment

text: of

text: limited

text: offensive

text: action

text: and

text: counterattacks

text: to

text: deny

text: a

text: contested

text: area

text: or

text: position

text: to

text: the

text: enemy

text: JP

text: It

text: includes

text: both

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: defense

text: and

text: air

text: breathing

text: threat

text: defense

text: and

text: encompasses

text: point

text: defense

text: area

text: defense

text: and

text: high

text: value

text: airborne

text: asset

text: defense

text: Passive

text: defense

text: is

text: measures

text: taken

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: probability

text: of

text: and

text: to

text: minimize

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: damage

text: caused

text: by

text: hostile

text: action

text: without

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: taking

text: the

text: initiative

text: JP

text: It

text: includes

text: detection

text: and

text: warning

text: chemical

text: biological

text: radiological

text: and

text: nuclear

text: defense

text: camouflage

text: concealment

text: and

text: deception

text: hardening

text: reconstitution

text: dispersion

text: redundancy

text: and

text: mobility

text: counter

text: measures

text: and

text: stealth

question: What does the abbreviation DCA stand for?

answer: Defensive Counterair

text: Defensive Counterair

question: What sort of airspace is the DCA designed to protect?

answer: friendly

text: friendly

question: What is active defense, according to the functions of the DCA?

answer: employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks

text: employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks

question: What kind of missile defense does active defense protect against, according to the DCA?

answer: ballistic

text: ballistic

question: What is one of the many ways the DCA utilizes passive defense to protect from enemy attacks?

answer: counter-measures

text: counter-measures


text: The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada). Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872, Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: The

text: first

text: written

text: account

text: of

text: a

text: game

text: played

text: was

text: on

text: October

text: on

text: the

text: Montreal

text: Cricket

text: Grounds

text: It

text: was

text: between

text: the

text: First

text: Battalion

text: Grenadier

text: Guards

text: and

text: the

text: Second

text: Battalion

text: Scots

text: Fusilier

text: Guards

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: win

text: by

text: the

text: Grenadier

text: Guards

text: goals

text: rouges

text: to

text: nothing.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: at

text: Trinity

text: College

text: Toronto

text: F.

text: Barlow

text: Cumberland

text: Frederick

text: A.

text: Bethune

text: and

text: Christopher

text: Gwynn

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: Milton

text: Massachusetts

text: devised

text: rules

text: based

text: on

text: rugby

text: football

text: The

text: game

text: gradually

text: gained

text: a

text: following

text: with

text: the

text: Hamilton

text: Football

text: Club

text: formed

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: oldest

text: football

text: club

text: in

text: Canada

text: Montreal

text: formed

text: a

text: team

text: April

text: Toronto

text: was

text: formed

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: FBC

text: on

text: September

question: On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?

answer: October 15, 1862

text: October 15, 1862

question: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?

answer: First Battalion Grenadier Guards

text: First Battalion Grenadier Guards

question: What is the oldest football club in Canada?

answer: Hamilton Football Club

text: Hamilton Football Club

question: Which founder of Milton, MA also helped develop the rules of Canadian football?

answer: Christopher Gwynn

text: Christopher Gwynn

question: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?

answer: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing

text: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing


text: The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman", and Betty Hutton's "Stuff Like That There", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: final

text: showdown

text: was

text: between

text: Justin

text: Guarini

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: favorites

text: and

text: Kelly

text: Clarkson

text: Clarkson

text: was

text: not

text: initially

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: a

text: contender

text: but

text: impressed

text: the

text: judges

text: with

text: some

text: good

text: performances

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: rounds

text: such

text: as

text: her

text: performance

text: of

text: Aretha

text: Franklin

text: 's

text: Natural

text: Woman

text: and

text: Betty

text: Hutton

text: 's

text: Stuff

text: Like

text: That

text: There

text: and

text: eventually

text: won

text: the

text: crown

text: on

text: September

question: What year did Kelly Clarkson win?

answer: 2002

question: Who was the runner up to Kelly Clarkson?

answer: Justin Guarini

text: Justin Guarini

question: What month did Kelly Clarkson win?

answer: September

text: September

question: Of the final two, which was an early favorite to win?

answer: Justin Guarini

text: Justin Guarini

question: Who won the first season of American Idol?

answer: Kelly Clarkson

text: Kelly Clarkson

question: When did Clarkson win the crown?

answer: September 4, 2002

text: September 4, 2002


text: Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Phonetically

text: in

text: some

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Navajo

text: aspiration

text: of

text: stops

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: realised

text: as

text: voiceless

text: velar

text: airflow

text: aspiration

text: of

text: affricates

text: is

text: realised

text: as

text: an

text: extended

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: frication

question: Aspiration of stops is seen as voiceless velar airflow in some languages, such as what?

answer: Navajo

text: Navajo

question: In Navajo, the aspiration of affricates can be seen as what?

answer: an extended length of the frication

text: an extended length of the frication


text: Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. Generally, in modern secular usage Jews include three groups: people who were born to a Jewish family regardless of whether or not they follow the religion, those who have some Jewish ancestral background or lineage (sometimes including those who do not have strictly matrilineal descent), and people without any Jewish ancestral background or lineage who have formally converted to Judaism and therefore are followers of the religion.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Judaism

text: shares

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: a

text: nation

text: an

text: ethnicity

text: a

text: religion

text: and

text: a

text: culture

text: making

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: Jew

text: vary

text: slightly

text: depending

text: on

text: whether

text: a

text: religious

text: or

text: national

text: approach

text: to

text: identity

text: is

text: used

text: Generally

text: in

text: modern

text: secular

text: usage

text: Jews

text: include

text: three

text: groups

text: people

text: who

text: were

text: born

text: to

text: a

text: Jewish

text: family

text: regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: they

text: follow

text: the

text: religion

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: some

text: Jewish

text: ancestral

text: background

text: or

text: lineage

text: sometimes

text: including

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: strictly

text: matrilineal

text: descent

text: and

text: people

text: without

text: any

text: Jewish

text: ancestral

text: background

text: or

text: lineage

text: who

text: have

text: formally

text: converted

text: to

text: Judaism

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: followers

text: of

text: the

text: religion

question: In modern secular usage Jews include how many groups?

answer: three

text: three

question: What makes the definition of a Jew vary slightly?

answer: whether a religious or national approach to identity is used

text: whether a religious or national approach to identity is used

question: Which religion shares some characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion and a culture?

answer: Judaism

text: Judaism


text: Major state expressways through the city include Lake Hefner Parkway (SH-74), the Kilpatrick Turnpike, Airport Road (SH-152), and Broadway Extension (US-77) which continues from I-235 connecting Central Oklahoma City to Edmond. Lake Hefner Parkway runs through northwest Oklahoma City, while Airport Road runs through southwest Oklahoma City and leads to Will Rogers World Airport. The Kilpatrick Turnpike loops around north and west Oklahoma City.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Major

text: state

text: expressways

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: Lake

text: Hefner

text: Parkway

text: the

text: Kilpatrick

text: Turnpike

text: Airport

text: Road

text: and

text: Broadway

text: Extension

text: which

text: continues

text: from

text: connecting

text: Central

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: to

text: Edmond

text: Lake

text: Hefner

text: Parkway

text: runs

text: through

text: northwest

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: while

text: Airport

text: Road

text: runs

text: through

text: southwest

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: leads

text: to

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: World

text: Airport

text: The

text: Kilpatrick

text: Turnpike

text: loops

text: around

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: Oklahoma

text: City

question: What is one Major expressway that travels through Oklahoma City?

answer: Lake Hefner Parkway

text: Lake Hefner Parkway


text: St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: St

text: Helena

text: 's

text: biodiversity

text: however

text: also

text: includes

text: marine

text: vertebrates

text: invertebrates

text: freshwater

text: terrestrial

text: and

text: marine

text: fungi

text: including

text: lichen

text: forming

text: species

text: non

text: vascular

text: plants

text: seaweeds

text: and

text: other

text: biological

text: groups

text: To

text: date

text: very

text: little

text: is

text: known

text: about

text: these

text: although

text: more

text: than

text: lichen

text: forming

text: fungi

text: have

text: been

text: recorded

text: including

text: endemics

text: suggesting

text: that

text: many

text: significant

text: discoveries

text: remain

text: to

text: be

text: made

question: How many lichen forming fungi have been recorded on the island?

answer: more than 200

text: more than 200

question: How many endemic species of fungi have been found?

answer: 9

question: What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?

answer: freshwater, terrestrial and marine

text: freshwater, terrestrial and marine