text: Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Britain

text: had

text: been

text: surprised

text: by

text: the

text: sudden

text: Prussian

text: offensive

text: but

text: now

text: began

text: shipping

text: supplies

text: and

text: equivalent

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: its

text: new

text: ally

text: A

text: combined

text: force

text: of

text: allied

text: German

text: states

text: was

text: organised

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: to

text: protect

text: Hanover

text: from

text: French

text: invasion

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Cumberland

text: The

text: British

text: attempted

text: to

text: persuade

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: alliance

text: but

text: the

text: request

text: was

text: rejected

text: as

text: the

text: Dutch

text: wished

text: to

text: remain

text: fully

text: neutral

text: Despite

text: the

text: huge

text: disparity

text: in

text: numbers

text: the

text: year

text: had

text: been

text: successful

text: for

text: the

text: Prussian

text: led

text: forces

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: disappointing

text: British

text: campaigns

text: in

text: North

text: America

question: How did Britain Protect Hanover?

answer: combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover

text: combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover

question: How did the British support Prussia?

answer: shipping supplies and ₤670,000

text: shipping supplies and ₤670,000

question: Why did the Dutch reject Britain's offer to join the alliance?

answer: the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral

text: the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral

question: Who had done better, the Prussians in Europe or the Brits in North America?

answer: successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.

text: successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.

question: Who led the force to defend Hanover?

answer: under the command of the Duke of Cumberland

text: under the command of the Duke of Cumberland


text: Paleoptera and Neoptera are the winged orders of insects differentiated by the presence of hardened body parts called sclerites, and in the Neoptera, muscles that allow their wings to fold flatly over the abdomen. Neoptera can further be divided into incomplete metamorphosis-based (Polyneoptera and Paraneoptera) and complete metamorphosis-based groups. It has proved difficult to clarify the relationships between the orders in Polyneoptera because of constant new findings calling for revision of the taxa. For example, the Paraneoptera have turned out to be more closely related to the Endopterygota than to the rest of the Exopterygota. The recent molecular finding that the traditional louse orders Mallophaga and Anoplura are derived from within Psocoptera has led to the new taxon Psocodea. Phasmatodea and Embiidina have been suggested to form the Eukinolabia. Mantodea, Blattodea, and Isoptera are thought to form a monophyletic group termed Dictyoptera.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Paleoptera

text: and

text: Neoptera

text: are

text: the

text: winged

text: orders

text: of

text: insects

text: differentiated

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: hardened

text: body

text: parts

text: called

text: sclerites

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Neoptera

text: muscles

text: that

text: allow

text: their

text: wings

text: to

text: fold

text: flatly

text: over

text: the

text: abdomen

text: Neoptera

text: can

text: further

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: incomplete

text: metamorphosis

text: based

text: Polyneoptera

text: and

text: Paraneoptera

text: and

text: complete

text: metamorphosis

text: based

text: groups

text: It

text: has

text: proved

text: difficult

text: to

text: clarify

text: the

text: relationships

text: between

text: the

text: orders

text: in

text: Polyneoptera

text: because

text: of

text: constant

text: new

text: findings

text: calling

text: for

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: taxa

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Paraneoptera

text: have

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Endopterygota

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Exopterygota

text: The

text: recent

text: molecular

text: finding

text: that

text: the

text: traditional

text: louse

text: orders

text: Mallophaga

text: and

text: Anoplura

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: within

text: Psocoptera

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: taxon

text: Psocodea

text: Phasmatodea

text: and

text: Embiidina

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Eukinolabia

text: Mantodea

text: Blattodea

text: and

text: Isoptera

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: monophyletic

text: group

text: termed

text: Dictyoptera

question: Paleoptera and Neoptera are what kind of insect orders?

answer: winged

text: winged

question: An insects hard body parts are called what?

answer: sclerites

text: sclerites

question: Insect's wings fold flat over their what?

answer: abdomen

text: abdomen

question: Neoptera can be divided into what kind of "based" group?

answer: metamorphosis-based

text: metamorphosis-based

question: Paraneopter and Endopterygota are closely what?

answer: related

text: related


text: Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: Among

text: other

text: things

text: the

text: Information

text: Management

text: Group

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: electronic

text: warfare

text: and

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: communications

text: and

text: computer

text: networks

text: Within

text: the

text: group

text: this

text: operational

text: role

text: is

text: fulfilled

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Information

text: Operations

text: Group

text: headquartered

text: at

text: CFS

text: Leitrim

text: in

text: Ottawa

text: which

text: operates

text: the

text: following

text: units

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Information

text: Operations

text: Group

text: Headquarters

text: CFIOGHQ

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Electronic

text: Warfare

text: Centre

text: CFEWC

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Network

text: Operation

text: Centre

text: CFNOC

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Signals

text: Intelligence

text: Operations

text: Centre

text: CFSOC

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Station

text: CFS

text: Leitrim

text: and

text: the

text: Communications

text: Squadron

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Chief

text: of

text: Force

text: Development

text: announced

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: organization

text: the

text: Directorate

text: of

text: Cybernetics

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: Brigadier

text: General

text: the

text: Director

text: General

text: Cyber

text: DG

text: Cyber

text: Within

text: that

text: directorate

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: CAF

text: Cyber

text: Task

text: Force

text: has

text: been

text: tasked

text: to

text: design

text: and

text: build

text: cyber

text: warfare

text: capabilities

text: for

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

question: What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?

answer: electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks

text: electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks

question: Where is the Information Management Group located?

answer: CFS Leitrim in Ottawa

text: CFS Leitrim in Ottawa

question: What is the task of the CAF Cyber Task Force?

answer: design and build cyber warfare capabilities

text: design and build cyber warfare capabilities

question: When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established?

answer: June 2011

text: June 2011

question: Who heads the Directorate?

answer: the Director General Cyber

text: the Director General Cyber


text: The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from local 8-bit code pages. However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible. In addition, the large restriction on possible patterns in UTF-8 (for instance there cannot be any lone bytes with the high bit set) means that it should be possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other character encodings without relying on the BOM.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: The

text: same

text: character

text: converted

text: to

text: becomes

text: the

text: byte

text: sequence

text: EF

text: BB

text: BF

text: The

text: Unicode

text: Standard

text: allows

text: that

text: the

text: BOM

text: can

text: serve

text: as

text: signature

text: for

text: encoded

text: text

text: where

text: the

text: character

text: set

text: is

text: unmarked

text: Some

text: software

text: developers

text: have

text: adopted

text: it

text: for

text: other

text: encodings

text: including

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: distinguish

text: from

text: local

text: code

text: pages

text: However

text: RFC

text: the

text: standard

text: recommends

text: that

text: byte

text: order

text: marks

text: be

text: forbidden

text: in

text: protocols

text: using

text: but

text: discusses

text: the

text: cases

text: where

text: this

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: possible

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: large

text: restriction

text: on

text: possible

text: patterns

text: in

text: for

text: instance

text: there

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: any

text: lone

text: bytes

text: with

text: the

text: high

text: bit

text: set

text: means

text: that

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: possible

text: to

text: distinguish

text: from

text: other

text: character

text: encodings

text: without

text: relying

text: on

text: the

text: BOM

question: What is the UTF-8 standard?

answer: RFC 3629

text: RFC 3629

question: Byte order marks are forbidden in protocols using what standard?

answer: UTF-8

question: Why is it possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other protocols?

answer: the large restriction on possible patterns

text: the large restriction on possible patterns


text: Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua, the Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Approximately

text: of

text: Ecuador

text: 's

text: Indigenous

text: population

text: are

text: Highland

text: Quichuas

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: Sierra

text: region

text: Primarily

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: descendents

text: of

text: Incans

text: they

text: are

text: Kichwa

text: speakers

text: and

text: include

text: the

text: Caranqui

text: the

text: Otavalos

text: the

text: Cayambi

text: the

text: Quitu

text: Caras

text: the

text: Panzaleo

text: the

text: Chimbuelo

text: the

text: Salasacan

text: the

text: Tugua

text: the

text: Puruhá

text: the

text: Cañari

text: and

text: the

text: Saraguro

text: Linguistic

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: Salascan

text: and

text: the

text: Saraguro

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: Bolivian

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: transplanted

text: to

text: Ecuador

text: as

text: mitimaes

question: What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas?

answer: 96.4%

question: Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from?

answer: Inca

text: Inca

question: Where do the Highland Quichuas live?

answer: valleys of the Sierra region

text: valleys of the Sierra region

question: The Saraguro and Panzaleo are two of the member groups of what population?

answer: Highland Quichuas

text: Highland Quichuas

question: What language do the Highland Quichuas speak?

answer: Kichwa

text: Kichwa


text: In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization program. In practice, the authorization process consisted of nothing more than paying a fee to Nintendo for the privilege. In a recent trend, many sites have sprung up to offer Nintendo repair parts, guides, and services that replace those formerly offered by the authorized repair centers.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: these

text: hardware

text: flaws

text: Nintendo

text: Authorized

text: Repair

text: Centers

text: sprang

text: up

text: across

text: the

text: U.S.

text: According

text: to

text: Nintendo

text: the

text: authorization

text: program

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: machines

text: were

text: properly

text: repaired

text: Nintendo

text: would

text: ship

text: the

text: necessary

text: replacement

text: parts

text: only

text: to

text: shops

text: that

text: had

text: enrolled

text: in

text: the

text: authorization

text: program

text: In

text: practice

text: the

text: authorization

text: process

text: consisted

text: of

text: nothing

text: more

text: than

text: paying

text: a

text: fee

text: to

text: Nintendo

text: for

text: the

text: privilege

text: In

text: a

text: recent

text: trend

text: many

text: sites

text: have

text: sprung

text: up

text: to

text: offer

text: Nintendo

text: repair

text: parts

text: guides

text: and

text: services

text: that

text: replace

text: those

text: formerly

text: offered

text: by

text: the

text: authorized

text: repair

text: centers

question: To address the shoddy hardware, what popped up across the United States?

answer: Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers

text: Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers

question: What did the repair centers promise?

answer: ensure that the machines were properly repaired

text: ensure that the machines were properly repaired

question: What was done to have the privilege of working on an NES for repair?

answer: paying a fee

text: paying a fee


text: As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in irreversible states (i.e., as heat or other kinds of increases in disorder). This has been referred to as the inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe. In this heat death the energy of the universe does not change, but the fraction of energy which is available to do work through a heat engine, or be transformed to other usable forms of energy (through the use of generators attached to heat engines), grows less and less.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: As

text: the

text: universe

text: evolves

text: in

text: time

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: of

text: its

text: energy

text: becomes

text: trapped

text: in

text: irreversible

text: states

text: i.e.

text: as

text: heat

text: or

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: increases

text: in

text: disorder

text: This

text: has

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: inevitable

text: thermodynamic

text: heat

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: In

text: this

text: heat

text: death

text: the

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: but

text: the

text: fraction

text: of

text: energy

text: which

text: is

text: available

text: to

text: do

text: work

text: through

text: a

text: heat

text: engine

text: or

text: be

text: transformed

text: to

text: other

text: usable

text: forms

text: of

text: energy

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: generators

text: attached

text: to

text: heat

text: engines

text: grows

text: less

text: and

text: less

question: As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in what?

answer: irreversible states

text: irreversible states

question: What is it referred to when more and more of energy becomes trapped in irreversible states?

answer: inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe

text: inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe

question: In this heat death of energy, what does not change?

answer: energy of the universe

text: energy of the universe


text: Summers are generally warm and sometimes hot. London's average July high is 24 °C (75.2 °F). On average London will see 31 days above 25 °C (77.0 °F) each year, and 4.2 days above 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) every year. During the 2003 European heat wave there were 14 consecutive days above 30 °C (86.0 °F) and 2 consecutive days where temperatures reached 38 °C (100.4 °F), leading to hundreds of heat related deaths. Winters are generally cool and damp with little temperature variation. Snowfall does occur from time to time, and can cause travel disruption when this happens. Spring and autumn are mixed seasons and can be pleasant. As a large city, London has a considerable urban heat island effect, making the centre of London at times 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than the suburbs and outskirts. The effect of this can be seen below when comparing London Heathrow, 15 miles west of London, with the London Weather Centre, in the city centre.

title: London

title: London

text: Summers

text: are

text: generally

text: warm

text: and

text: sometimes

text: hot

text: London

text: 's

text: average

text: July

text: high

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: On

text: average

text: London

text: will

text: see

text: days

text: above

text: C

text: F

text: each

text: year

text: and

text: days

text: above

text: C

text: F

text: every

text: year

text: During

text: the

text: European

text: heat

text: wave

text: there

text: were

text: consecutive

text: days

text: above

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: consecutive

text: days

text: where

text: temperatures

text: reached

text: C

text: F

text: leading

text: to

text: hundreds

text: of

text: heat

text: related

text: deaths

text: Winters

text: are

text: generally

text: cool

text: and

text: damp

text: with

text: little

text: temperature

text: variation

text: Snowfall

text: does

text: occur

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: and

text: can

text: cause

text: travel

text: disruption

text: when

text: this

text: happens

text: Spring

text: and

text: autumn

text: are

text: mixed

text: seasons

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: pleasant

text: As

text: a

text: large

text: city

text: London

text: has

text: a

text: considerable

text: urban

text: heat

text: island

text: effect

text: making

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: London

text: at

text: times

text: C

text: F

text: warmer

text: than

text: the

text: suburbs

text: and

text: outskirts

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: below

text: when

text: comparing

text: London

text: Heathrow

text: miles

text: west

text: of

text: London

text: with

text: the

text: London

text: Weather

text: Centre

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: centre

question: How far from the center of London is London Heathrow Airport?

answer: 15 miles west

text: 15 miles west

question: What is London's average high temperature in July?

answer: 24 °C (75.2 °F)

text: 24 °C (75.2 °F)

question: What phenomenon causes the center of London to be warmer than its suburbs?

answer: urban heat island effect

text: urban heat island effect

question: Approximately how many days in a given year will London experience temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius (or 77 degrees Farenheit?

answer: 31

question: What occasional weather event causes problems for drivers in London?

answer: Snowfall

text: Snowfall


text: During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their concerns and send them to his deputy. The deputy would ascertain his verdict, endorse it with his seal and signature and return it to the relevant parties. The deputies also collected zakat and khums on his behalf.

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine

text: During

text: the

text: Minor

text: Occultation

text: Ghaybat

text: al

text: Sughrá

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: al

text: Mahdi

text: maintained

text: contact

text: with

text: his

text: followers

text: via

text: deputies

text: Arab

text: an

text: nuwāb

text: al

text: arbaʻa

text: or

text: the

text: Four

text: Leaders

text: They

text: represented

text: him

text: and

text: acted

text: as

text: agents

text: between

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: followers

text: Whenever

text: the

text: believers

text: faced

text: a

text: problem

text: they

text: would

text: write

text: their

text: concerns

text: and

text: send

text: them

text: to

text: his

text: deputy

text: The

text: deputy

text: would

text: ascertain

text: his

text: verdict

text: endorse

text: it

text: with

text: his

text: seal

text: and

text: signature

text: and

text: return

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: relevant

text: parties

text: The

text: deputies

text: also

text: collected

text: zakat

text: and

text: khums

text: on

text: his

text: behalf

question: How did al-Mahdi maintain contact during his Occultation?

answer: via deputies

text: via deputies

question: How did deputies represent al-Mahdi?

answer: acted as agents between him and his followers

text: acted as agents between him and his followers

question: What would believers do when they had a problem?

answer: write their concerns and send them to his deputy

text: write their concerns and send them to his deputy

question: What would the deputy endorse the concerns with?

answer: seal and signature

text: seal and signature

question: What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf?

answer: zakat and khums

text: zakat and khums


text: On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which Eisenhower signed into law on July 29, 1958. This law turned the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It also created a Civilian-Military Liaison Committee, chaired by the President, responsible for coordinating the nation's civilian and military space programs.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: On

text: April

text: President

text: Eisenhower

text: reacted

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: space

text: lead

text: in

text: launching

text: the

text: first

text: satellite

text: by

text: recommending

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: Congress

text: that

text: a

text: civilian

text: agency

text: be

text: established

text: to

text: direct

text: nonmilitary

text: space

text: activities

text: Congress

text: led

text: by

text: Senate

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: responded

text: by

text: passing

text: the

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Act

text: which

text: Eisenhower

text: signed

text: into

text: law

text: on

text: July

text: This

text: law

text: turned

text: the

text: National

text: Advisory

text: Committee

text: on

text: Aeronautics

text: into

text: the

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: NASA

text: It

text: also

text: created

text: a

text: Civilian

text: Military

text: Liaison

text: Committee

text: chaired

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: responsible

text: for

text: coordinating

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: space

text: programs

question: Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year?

answer: 1958

question: What was NASA called before it became NASA?

answer: National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics

text: National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics

question: The first US satellite was launched on what date?

answer: April 2, 1958

text: April 2, 1958


text: Throughout its prehistory and early history, the region and its vicinity in the Yangtze region was the cradle of unique local civilizations which can be dated back to at least the 15th century BC and coinciding with the later years of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in North China. Sichuan was referred to in ancient Chinese sources as Ba-Shu (巴蜀), an abbreviation of the kingdoms of Ba and Shu which existed within the Sichuan Basin. Ba included Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams, while Shu included today's Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: Throughout

text: its

text: prehistory

text: and

text: early

text: history

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: its

text: vicinity

text: in

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: region

text: was

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: unique

text: local

text: civilizations

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: dated

text: back

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: coinciding

text: with

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Shang

text: and

text: Zhou

text: dynasties

text: in

text: North

text: China

text: Sichuan

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: ancient

text: Chinese

text: sources

text: as

text: Ba

text: Shu

text: 巴蜀

text: an

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Ba

text: and

text: Shu

text: which

text: existed

text: within

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Basin

text: Ba

text: included

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: the

text: land

text: in

text: eastern

text: Sichuan

text: along

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: and

text: some

text: tributary

text: streams

text: while

text: Shu

text: included

text: today

text: 's

text: Chengdu

text: its

text: surrounding

text: plain

text: and

text: adjacent

text: territories

text: in

text: western

text: Sichuan

question: What was Sichuan referred to as by ancient Chinese sources?

answer: Ba-Shu

text: Ba-Shu

question: How far back can civilizations in the Yangtze region be dated?

answer: at least the 15th century BC

text: at least the 15th century BC

question: Where were the kingdoms of Ba and Shu located?

answer: within the Sichuan Basin

text: within the Sichuan Basin

question: What land was included in the kingdom of Ba?

answer: Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams

text: Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams

question: What land was included in the kingdom of Shu?

answer: Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan

text: Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan


text: QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero. As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy. Vacuum fluctuations are an essential and ubiquitous part of quantum field theory. Some experimentally verified effects of vacuum fluctuations include spontaneous emission and the Lamb shift. Coulomb's law and the electric potential in vacuum near an electric charge are modified.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: QED

text: vacuum

text: has

text: interesting

text: and

text: complex

text: properties

text: In

text: QED

text: vacuum

text: the

text: electric

text: and

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: have

text: zero

text: average

text: values

text: but

text: their

text: variances

text: are

text: not

text: zero

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: QED

text: vacuum

text: contains

text: vacuum

text: fluctuations

text: virtual

text: particles

text: that

text: hop

text: into

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: existence

text: and

text: a

text: finite

text: energy

text: called

text: vacuum

text: energy

text: Vacuum

text: fluctuations

text: are

text: an

text: essential

text: and

text: ubiquitous

text: part

text: of

text: quantum

text: field

text: theory

text: Some

text: experimentally

text: verified

text: effects

text: of

text: vacuum

text: fluctuations

text: include

text: spontaneous

text: emission

text: and

text: the

text: Lamb

text: shift

text: Coulomb

text: 's

text: law

text: and

text: the

text: electric

text: potential

text: in

text: vacuum

text: near

text: an

text: electric

text: charge

text: are

text: modified

question: When are electric and magnetic fields with zero average values, but their variances are not at zero?

answer: In QED vacuum

text: In QED vacuum

question: What is a verified effect of vacuum fluctuation?

answer: spontaneous emission

text: spontaneous emission

question: what is  vacuum fluctuation?

answer: virtual particles that hop into and out of existence

text: virtual particles that hop into and out of existence

question: Finite energy in a QED is called what?

answer: vacuum energy

text: vacuum energy

question: What modifies can Coulomb's Law in a vacuum?

answer: vacuum near an electric charge

text: vacuum near an electric charge


text: Since the tribunes were considered to be the embodiment of the plebeians, they were sacrosanct. Their sacrosanctity was enforced by a pledge, taken by the plebeians, to kill any person who harmed or interfered with a tribune during his term of office. All of the powers of the tribune derived from their sacrosanctity. One consequence was that it was considered a capital offense to harm a tribune, to disregard his veto, or to interfere with a tribune. In times of military emergency, a dictator would be appointed for a term of six months. Constitutional government would be dissolved, and the dictator would be the absolute master of the state. When the dictator's term ended, constitutional government would be restored.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Since

text: the

text: tribunes

text: were

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: embodiment

text: of

text: the

text: plebeians

text: they

text: were

text: sacrosanct

text: Their

text: sacrosanctity

text: was

text: enforced

text: by

text: a

text: pledge

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: plebeians

text: to

text: kill

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: harmed

text: or

text: interfered

text: with

text: a

text: tribune

text: during

text: his

text: term

text: of

text: office

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: tribune

text: derived

text: from

text: their

text: sacrosanctity

text: One

text: consequence

text: was

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: considered

text: a

text: capital

text: offense

text: to

text: harm

text: a

text: tribune

text: to

text: disregard

text: his

text: veto

text: or

text: to

text: interfere

text: with

text: a

text: tribune

text: In

text: times

text: of

text: military

text: emergency

text: a

text: dictator

text: would

text: be

text: appointed

text: for

text: a

text: term

text: of

text: six

text: months

text: Constitutional

text: government

text: would

text: be

text: dissolved

text: and

text: the

text: dictator

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: absolute

text: master

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: When

text: the

text: dictator

text: 's

text: term

text: ended

text: constitutional

text: government

text: would

text: be

text: restored

question: How long could a dictator be appointed for in times of certain emergencies?

answer: six months

text: six months

question: What would happen during the commencement of a dictator's term?

answer: Constitutional government would be dissolved

text: Constitutional government would be dissolved

question: What type of offense was the harm of a tribute treated as?

answer: capital offense

text: capital offense

question: What was the ultimate source of the tribunes powers?

answer: their sacrosanctity

text: their sacrosanctity


text: After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, "ghosts", which are "particles" in the interior of his diagrams that have the "wrong" connection between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, QCD and the electro-weak theory.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: After

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: quantum

text: electrodynamics

text: Feynman

text: turned

text: to

text: quantum

text: gravity

text: By

text: analogy

text: with

text: the

text: photon

text: which

text: has

text: spin

text: he

text: investigated

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: a

text: free

text: massless

text: spin

text: field

text: and

text: derived

text: the

text: Einstein

text: field

text: equation

text: of

text: general

text: relativity

text: but

text: little

text: more

text: The

text: computational

text: device

text: that

text: Feynman

text: discovered

text: then

text: for

text: gravity

text: ghosts

text: which

text: are

text: particles

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: his

text: diagrams

text: that

text: have

text: the

text: wrong

text: connection

text: between

text: spin

text: and

text: statistics

text: have

text: proved

text: invaluable

text: in

text: explaining

text: the

text: quantum

text: particle

text: behavior

text: of

text: the

text: Yang

text: Mills

text: theories

text: for

text: example

text: QCD

text: and

text: the

text: electro

text: weak

text: theory

question: Where did  Feynman find success before moving to quantum gravity

answer: quantum electrodynamics

text: quantum electrodynamics

question: What did Feynman investigate while working on quantum gravity?

answer: consequences of a free massless spin 2 field

text: consequences of a free massless spin 2 field

question: What equation did Feyman derive?

answer: Einstein field equation of general relativity

text: Einstein field equation of general relativity

question: Which parts of the Yang-Mills theories did Feynman help explain?

answer: QCD and the electro-weak theory

text: QCD and the electro-weak theory

question: What did Feynman's discoveries help explain?

answer: Yang–Mills theories

text: Yang–Mills theories


text: The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting.

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: The

text: game

text: features

text: nine

text: dungeons

text: large

text: contained

text: areas

text: where

text: Link

text: battles

text: enemies

text: collects

text: items

text: and

text: solves

text: puzzles

text: Link

text: navigates

text: these

text: dungeons

text: and

text: fights

text: a

text: boss

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: obtain

text: an

text: item

text: or

text: otherwise

text: advance

text: the

text: plot

text: The

text: dungeons

text: are

text: connected

text: by

text: a

text: large

text: overworld

text: across

text: which

text: Link

text: can

text: travel

text: on

text: foot

text: on

text: his

text: horse

text: Epona

text: or

text: by

text: teleporting

question: How many dungeon instances are provided in Twilight Princess?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What does Link fight in dungeons?

answer: enemies

text: enemies

question: What provides a bridge between the different dungeons?

answer: overworld

text: overworld

question: What is the name of Link's steed?

answer: Epona

text: Epona

question: What must Link solve throughout the game?

answer: puzzles

text: puzzles

question: Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level?

answer: boss

text: boss

question: What connects the dungeons?

answer: overworld

text: overworld


text: The center of all mystical experience is, of course, Christ. English Dominicans sought to gain a full knowledge of Christ through an imitation of His life. English mystics of all types tended to focus on the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified. This led to a "progressive understanding of the meanings of Scripture--literal, moral, allegorical, and anagogical"—that was contained within the mystical journey itself. From these considerations of Scripture comes the simplest way to imitate Christ: an emulation of the moral actions and attitudes that Jesus demonstrated in His earthly ministry becomes the most significant way to feel and have knowledge of God.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: center

text: of

text: all

text: mystical

text: experience

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: Christ

text: English

text: Dominicans

text: sought

text: to

text: gain

text: a

text: full

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Christ

text: through

text: an

text: imitation

text: of

text: His

text: life

text: English

text: mystics

text: of

text: all

text: types

text: tended

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: moral

text: values

text: that

text: the

text: events

text: in

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: exemplified

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: progressive

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: meanings

text: of

text: Scripture

text: literal

text: moral

text: allegorical

text: and

text: anagogical

text: that

text: was

text: contained

text: within

text: the

text: mystical

text: journey

text: itself

text: From

text: these

text: considerations

text: of

text: Scripture

text: comes

text: the

text: simplest

text: way

text: to

text: imitate

text: Christ

text: an

text: emulation

text: of

text: the

text: moral

text: actions

text: and

text: attitudes

text: that

text: Jesus

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: His

text: earthly

text: ministry

text: becomes

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: way

text: to

text: feel

text: and

text: have

text: knowledge

text: of

text: God

question: How did the English order hope to gain knowledge of Christ?

answer: through an imitation of His life

text: through an imitation of His life

question: Who is at the center of all mystical experiences?

answer: Christ

text: Christ

question: What is the most significant way to know Christ?

answer: emulation of the moral actions and attitudes that Jesus demonstrated in His earthly ministry

text: emulation of the moral actions and attitudes that Jesus demonstrated in His earthly ministry

question: What did English mystics tend to focus on in their studies?

answer: the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified

text: the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified

question: What type of understanding of scripture did the English Order subscribe to?

answer: progressive

text: progressive


text: The North American Environmental Atlas, produced by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, a NAFTA agency composed of the geographical agencies of the Mexican, American, and Canadian governments uses the "Great Plains" as an ecoregion synonymous with predominant prairies and grasslands rather than as physiographic region defined by topography. The Great Plains ecoregion includes five sub-regions: Temperate Prairies, West-Central Semi-Arid Prairies, South-Central Semi-Arid Prairies, Texas Louisiana Coastal Plains, and Tamaulipus-Texas Semi-Arid Plain, which overlap or expand upon other Great Plains designations.

title: Great_Plains

title: Great_Plains

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: Environmental

text: Atlas

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: Commission

text: for

text: Environmental

text: Cooperation

text: a

text: NAFTA

text: agency

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: geographical

text: agencies

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: and

text: Canadian

text: governments

text: uses

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: as

text: an

text: ecoregion

text: synonymous

text: with

text: predominant

text: prairies

text: and

text: grasslands

text: rather

text: than

text: as

text: physiographic

text: region

text: defined

text: by

text: topography

text: The

text: Great

text: Plains

text: ecoregion

text: includes

text: five

text: sub

text: regions

text: Temperate

text: Prairies

text: West

text: Central

text: Semi

text: Arid

text: Prairies

text: South

text: Central

text: Semi

text: Arid

text: Prairies

text: Texas

text: Louisiana

text: Coastal

text: Plains

text: and

text: Tamaulipus

text: Texas

text: Semi

text: Arid

text: Plain

text: which

text: overlap

text: or

text: expand

text: upon

text: other

text: Great

text: Plains

text: designations

question: who is the North American Environmental Atlas made by?

answer: Commission for Environmental Cooperation

text: Commission for Environmental Cooperation

question: what countries is the Commission for Environmental Cooperation made up of?

answer: Mexican, American, and Canadian governments

text: Mexican, American, and Canadian governments


text: In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition". The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for example, American cultural-studies advocates wrote about the liberatory aspects of fandom.[citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded.[citation needed] Some researchers, especially in early British cultural studies, apply a Marxist model to the field. This strain of thinking has some influence from the Frankfurt School, but especially from the structuralist Marxism of Louis Althusser and others. The main focus of an orthodox Marxist approach concentrates on the production of meaning. This model assumes a mass production of culture and identifies power as residing with those producing cultural artifacts. In a Marxist view, those who control the means of production (the economic base) essentially control a culture.[citation needed] Other approaches to cultural studies, such as feminist cultural studies and later American developments of the field, distance themselves from this view. They criticize the Marxist assumption of a single, dominant meaning, shared by all, for any cultural product. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. This view comes through in the book Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman (by Paul du Gay et al.), which seeks to challenge the notion that those who produce commodities control the meanings that people attribute to them. Feminist cultural analyst, theorist and art historian Griselda Pollock contributed to cultural studies from viewpoints of art history and psychoanalysis. The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism.[citation needed]

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Lindlof

text: and

text: Taylor

text: write

text: Cultural

text: studies

text: were

text: grounded

text: in

text: a

text: pragmatic

text: liberal

text: pluralist

text: tradition

text: The

text: American

text: version

text: of

text: cultural

text: studies

text: initially

text: concerned

text: itself

text: more

text: with

text: understanding

text: the

text: subjective

text: and

text: appropriative

text: side

text: of

text: audience

text: reactions

text: to

text: and

text: uses

text: of

text: mass

text: culture

text: for

text: example

text: American

text: cultural

text: studies

text: advocates

text: wrote

text: about

text: the

text: liberatory

text: aspects

text: of

text: fandom.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: distinction

text: between

text: American

text: and

text: British

text: strands

text: however

text: has

text: faded.[citation

text: needed

text: Some

text: researchers

text: especially

text: in

text: early

text: British

text: cultural

text: studies

text: apply

text: a

text: Marxist

text: model

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: This

text: strain

text: of

text: thinking

text: has

text: some

text: influence

text: from

text: the

text: Frankfurt

text: School

text: but

text: especially

text: from

text: the

text: structuralist

text: Marxism

text: of

text: Louis

text: Althusser

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: main

text: focus

text: of

text: an

text: orthodox

text: Marxist

text: approach

text: concentrates

text: on

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: meaning

text: This

text: model

text: assumes

text: a

text: mass

text: production

text: of

text: culture

text: and

text: identifies

text: power

text: as

text: residing

text: with

text: those

text: producing

text: cultural

text: artifacts

text: In

text: a

text: Marxist

text: view

text: those

text: who

text: control

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: production

text: the

text: economic

text: base

text: essentially

text: control

text: a

text: culture.[citation

text: needed

text: Other

text: approaches

text: to

text: cultural

text: studies

text: such

text: as

text: feminist

text: cultural

text: studies

text: and

text: later

text: American

text: developments

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: distance

text: themselves

text: from

text: this

text: view

text: They

text: criticize

text: the

text: Marxist

text: assumption

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: dominant

text: meaning

text: shared

text: by

text: all

text: for

text: any

text: cultural

text: product

text: The

text: non

text: Marxist

text: approaches

text: suggest

text: that

text: different

text: ways

text: of

text: consuming

text: cultural

text: artifacts

text: affect

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: This

text: view

text: comes

text: through

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Doing

text: Cultural

text: Studies

text: The

text: Story

text: of

text: the

text: Sony

text: Walkman

text: by

text: Paul

text: du

text: Gay

text: et

text: al

text: which

text: seeks

text: to

text: challenge

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: those

text: who

text: produce

text: commodities

text: control

text: the

text: meanings

text: that

text: people

text: attribute

text: to

text: them

text: Feminist

text: cultural

text: analyst

text: theorist

text: and

text: art

text: historian

text: Griselda

text: Pollock

text: contributed

text: to

text: cultural

text: studies

text: from

text: viewpoints

text: of

text: art

text: history

text: and

text: psychoanalysis

text: The

text: writer

text: Julia

text: Kristeva

text: is

text: among

text: influential

text: voices

text: at

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: contributing

text: to

text: cultural

text: studies

text: from

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: psychoanalytical

text: French

text: feminism.[citation

text: needed

question: Which two wrote Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition?

answer: Lindlof and Taylor

text: Lindlof and Taylor

question: From a Marxist view, what did they believe had to be controlled  to essentially control a culture?

answer: the economic base

text: the economic base


text: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original *dw > *b (paralleling the development of *ćw).

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: It

text: is

text: possible

text: that

text: other

text: distinct

text: dialect

text: groups

text: were

text: already

text: in

text: existence

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: Good

text: candidates

text: are

text: the

text: hypothethical

text: ancestor

text: languages

text: of

text: Alanian

text: Scytho

text: Sarmatian

text: subgroup

text: of

text: Scythian

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northwest

text: and

text: the

text: hypothetical

text: Old

text: Parthian

text: the

text: Old

text: Iranian

text: ancestor

text: of

text: Parthian

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: northwest

text: where

text: original

text: dw

text: b

text: paralleling

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: ćw

question: What may have also been in use at the time?

answer: other distinct dialect groups

text: other distinct dialect groups

question: Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed?

answer: Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian

text: Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian

question: What possible predecessor of Pathian is thought to have existed?

answer: Old Parthian

text: Old Parthian


text: The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: war

text: had

text: removed

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: primary

text: trading

text: partners

text: the

text: American

text: colonies

text: from

text: the

text: empire

text: and

text: dealt

text: a

text: harsh

text: blow

text: to

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: merchant

text: shipping

text: trade

text: This

text: also

text: suffered

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: deforestation

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: metal

text: ships

text: and

text: steam

text: propulsion

text: for

text: which

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: raw

text: materials

text: During

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: market

text: for

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: salt

text: disappeared

text: as

text: the

text: Americans

text: developed

text: their

text: own

text: sources

text: Control

text: of

text: the

text: Turks

text: had

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: in

question: Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war?

answer: American colonies

text: American colonies

question: What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping?

answer: deforestation

text: deforestation

question: Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships?

answer: it did not have raw materials

text: it did not have raw materials

question: Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish?

answer: Americans developed their own sources

text: Americans developed their own sources


text: Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct. However, some species such as red deer are protected. Other small mammals, such as rabbits, foxes, badgers, hares, hedgehogs, and stoats, are very common and the European beaver has been reintroduced in parts of Scotland. Wild boar have also been reintroduced to parts of southern England, following escapes from boar farms and illegal releases. Many rivers contain otters and seals are common on coasts. Over 200 species of bird reside permanently and another 200 migrate. Common types are the common chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow and common starling; all small birds. Large birds are declining in number, except for those kept for game such as pheasant, partridge, and red grouse. Fish are abundant in the rivers and lakes, in particular salmon, trout, perch and pike. Sea fish include dogfish, cod, sole, pollock and bass, as well as mussels, crab and oysters along the coast. There are more than 21,000 species of insects.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Many

text: larger

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: wolf

text: bear

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: elk

text: are

text: today

text: extinct

text: However

text: some

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: red

text: deer

text: are

text: protected

text: Other

text: small

text: mammals

text: such

text: as

text: rabbits

text: foxes

text: badgers

text: hares

text: hedgehogs

text: and

text: stoats

text: are

text: very

text: common

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: beaver

text: has

text: been

text: reintroduced

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Wild

text: boar

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: reintroduced

text: to

text: parts

text: of

text: southern

text: England

text: following

text: escapes

text: from

text: boar

text: farms

text: and

text: illegal

text: releases

text: Many

text: rivers

text: contain

text: otters

text: and

text: seals

text: are

text: common

text: on

text: coasts

text: Over

text: species

text: of

text: bird

text: reside

text: permanently

text: and

text: another

text: migrate

text: Common

text: types

text: are

text: the

text: common

text: chaffinch

text: common

text: blackbird

text: house

text: sparrow

text: and

text: common

text: starling

text: all

text: small

text: birds

text: Large

text: birds

text: are

text: declining

text: in

text: number

text: except

text: for

text: those

text: kept

text: for

text: game

text: such

text: as

text: pheasant

text: partridge

text: and

text: red

text: grouse

text: Fish

text: are

text: abundant

text: in

text: the

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: in

text: particular

text: salmon

text: trout

text: perch

text: and

text: pike

text: Sea

text: fish

text: include

text: dogfish

text: cod

text: sole

text: pollock

text: and

text: bass

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: mussels

text: crab

text: and

text: oysters

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: species

text: of

text: insects

question: Which two animals became extinct in the British Isles?

answer: wolf, bear

text: wolf, bear

question: Which species of deer is protected in the British Isles?

answer: red deer

text: red deer

question: How many bird species does the British Isles have?

answer: Over 200 species of bird

text: Over 200 species of bird

question: What are three of the most common birds in the British Isles?

answer: chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow

text: chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow

question: What kinds of fish are abundent in the British Isles?

answer: salmon, trout, perch and pike

text: salmon, trout, perch and pike


text: In 1469, following the Treaty of St. Omer, Upper Alsace was sold by Archduke Sigismund of Austria to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Although Charles was the nominal landlord, taxes were paid to Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. The latter was able to use this tax and a dynastic marriage to his advantage to gain back full control of Upper Alsace (apart from the free towns, but including Belfort) in 1477 when it became part of the demesne of the Habsburg family, who were also rulers of the empire. The town of Mulhouse joined the Swiss Confederation in 1515, where it was to remain until 1798.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: In

text: following

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: St.

text: Omer

text: Upper

text: Alsace

text: was

text: sold

text: by

text: Archduke

text: Sigismund

text: of

text: Austria

text: to

text: Charles

text: the

text: Bold

text: Duke

text: of

text: Burgundy

text: Although

text: Charles

text: was

text: the

text: nominal

text: landlord

text: taxes

text: were

text: paid

text: to

text: Frederick

text: III

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: The

text: latter

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: use

text: this

text: tax

text: and

text: a

text: dynastic

text: marriage

text: to

text: his

text: advantage

text: to

text: gain

text: back

text: full

text: control

text: of

text: Upper

text: Alsace

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: free

text: towns

text: but

text: including

text: Belfort

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: demesne

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: family

text: who

text: were

text: also

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: The

text: town

text: of

text: Mulhouse

text: joined

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: in

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: to

text: remain

text: until

question: In what year was Upper Alsace sold to the Archduke Sigismund?

answer: 1469

question: Why did Frederick III use a tax and a marriage in Upper Alsace?

answer: to gain back full control of Upper Alsace

text: to gain back full control of Upper Alsace

question: When did Mulhouse join the Swiss Confederation?

answer: 1515


text: There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: There

text: are

text: scouting

text: and

text: guiding

text: groups

text: on

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: and

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: Scouting

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: island

text: in

text: Lord

text: and

text: Lady

text: Baden

text: Powell

text: visited

text: the

text: Scouts

text: on

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: on

text: the

text: return

text: from

text: their

text: tour

text: of

text: Africa

text: The

text: visit

text: is

text: described

text: in

text: Lord

text: Baden

text: Powell

text: 's

text: book

text: entitled

text: African

text: Adventures

question: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island?

answer: scouting and guiding

text: scouting and guiding

question: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?

answer: 1912

question: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?

answer: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell

text: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell

question: What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit?

answer: African Adventures

text: African Adventures


text: Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Presbyterian

text: denominations

text: share

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: in

text: Korean

text: 대한예수교장로회

text: literally

text: means

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: Korea

text: or

text: PCK

text: tracing

text: its

text: roots

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Presbyterian

text: Assembly

text: before

text: its

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: disputes

text: and

text: schisms

text: The

text: Presbyterian

text: schism

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: controversy

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: shrine

text: worship

text: enforced

text: during

text: the

text: Japanese

text: colonial

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: minor

text: division

text: Koryu

text: pa

text: 고려파

text: later

text: The

text: Koshin

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Korea

text: Koshin

text: 고신

text: in

text: And

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: schism

text: happened

text: when

text: the

text: theological

text: orientation

text: of

text: the

text: Chosun

text: Seminary

text: later

text: Hanshin

text: University

text: founded

text: in

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: tolerated

text: in

text: the

text: PCK

text: and

text: another

text: minor

text: group

text: The

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: Kijang

text: 기장

text: was

text: separated

text: The

text: last

text: major

text: schism

text: had

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: whether

text: the

text: PCK

text: should

text: join

text: the

text: WCC

text: The

text: controversy

text: divided

text: the

text: PCK

text: into

text: two

text: denominations

text: The

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: Korea

text: Tonghap

text: 통합

text: and

text: The

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Korea

text: Hapdong

text: 합동

text: in

text: All

text: major

text: seminaries

text: associated

text: with

text: each

text: denomination

text: claim

text: heritage

text: from

text: the

text: Pyung

text: Yang

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: therefore

text: not

text: only

text: Presbyterian

text: University

text: and

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: and

text: Chongsin

text: University

text: which

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: PCK

text: but

text: also

text: Hanshin

text: University

text: of

text: PROK

text: all

text: celebrated

text: the

text: class

text: in

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: graduates

text: of

text: Pyung

text: Yang

text: Theological

text: Seminary

question: Most of the churches in Korea carry the same name, what is it?

answer: Presbyterian Church of Korea

text: Presbyterian Church of Korea

question: What year did the second schism take place?

answer: 1953

question: What was the main reason for the latest schism?

answer: whether the PCK should join the WCC

text: whether the PCK should join the WCC

question: What year was the Chosun Seminary founded?

answer: 1947

question: In what year did the Korean church celebrate the 100th class?

answer: 2007


text: Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. (See red hair).

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: hair

text: varies

text: from

text: a

text: deep

text: burgundy

text: through

text: burnt

text: orange

text: to

text: bright

text: copper

text: It

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: reddish

text: pigment

text: pheomelanin

text: which

text: also

text: accounts

text: for

text: the

text: red

text: color

text: of

text: the

text: lips

text: and

text: relatively

text: low

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: dark

text: pigment

text: eumelanin

text: The

text: term

text: redhead

text: originally

text: redd

text: hede

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: Cultural

text: reactions

text: have

text: varied

text: from

text: ridicule

text: to

text: admiration

text: many

text: common

text: stereotypes

text: exist

text: regarding

text: redheads

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: often

text: portrayed

text: as

text: fiery

text: tempered

text: See

text: red

text: hair

question: What pigment accounts for the majority of color in red hair?

answer: pheomelanin

text: pheomelanin

question: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?

answer: the lips

text: the lips

question: Aside from pheomelanin what color pigment contributes to red hair?

answer: eumelanin

text: eumelanin

question: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to?

answer: 1510

question: What type of temper are people with red hair considered to have?

answer: fiery

text: fiery


text: During most of the war, the UN navies patrolled the west and east coasts of North Korea, sinking supply and ammunition ships and denying the North Koreans the ability to resupply from the sea. Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to United States and UN navy ships was from magnetic mines. During the war, five U.S. Navy ships were lost to mines: two minesweepers, two minesweeper escorts, and one ocean tug. Mines and gunfire from North Korean coastal artillery damaged another 87 U.S. warships, resulting in slight to moderate damage.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: During

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: UN

text: navies

text: patrolled

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: coasts

text: of

text: North

text: Korea

text: sinking

text: supply

text: and

text: ammunition

text: ships

text: and

text: denying

text: the

text: North

text: Koreans

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: resupply

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: Aside

text: from

text: very

text: occasional

text: gunfire

text: from

text: North

text: Korean

text: shore

text: batteries

text: the

text: main

text: threat

text: to

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: UN

text: navy

text: ships

text: was

text: from

text: magnetic

text: mines

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: five

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: ships

text: were

text: lost

text: to

text: mines

text: two

text: minesweepers

text: two

text: minesweeper

text: escorts

text: and

text: one

text: ocean

text: tug

text: Mines

text: and

text: gunfire

text: from

text: North

text: Korean

text: coastal

text: artillery

text: damaged

text: another

text: U.S.

text: warships

text: resulting

text: in

text: slight

text: to

text: moderate

text: damage

question: What type of ships did the US spend most of its time sinking?

answer: supply and ammunition ships

text: supply and ammunition ships

question: What weapon posed a significant threat to US navy ships?

answer: magnetic mines

text: magnetic mines

question: How many US warships were damaged by gun fire and mines?

answer: 87

question: Where were the majority of US naval patrols of Korea?

answer: the west and east coasts of North Korea

text: the west and east coasts of North Korea


text: Again all proposals, including the request to join NATO, were rejected by UK, US, and French governments shortly after. Emblematic was the position of British General Hastings Ismay, supporter of NATO expansion, who said that NATO "must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella." He opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that "the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force".

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: Again

text: all

text: proposals

text: including

text: the

text: request

text: to

text: join

text: NATO

text: were

text: rejected

text: by

text: UK

text: US

text: and

text: French

text: governments

text: shortly

text: after

text: Emblematic

text: was

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: British

text: General

text: Hastings

text: Ismay

text: supporter

text: of

text: NATO

text: expansion

text: who

text: said

text: that

text: NATO

text: must

text: grow

text: until

text: the

text: whole

text: free

text: world

text: gets

text: under

text: one

text: umbrella

text: He

text: opposed

text: the

text: request

text: to

text: join

text: NATO

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: Soviet

text: request

text: to

text: join

text: NATO

text: is

text: like

text: an

text: unrepentant

text: burglar

text: requesting

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: police

text: force

question: Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?

answer: Hastings Ismay

text: Hastings Ismay

question: To what did the British general compare the USSR in his opposition to their joining NATO?

answer: burglar

text: burglar


text: The continuous torque density of conventional electric machines is determined by the size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth, which are determined by the power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation. Despite the high coercivity of neodymium or samarium-cobalt PMs, continuous torque density is virtually the same amongst electric machines with optimally designed armature winding sets. Continuous torque density relates to method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating of windings or PM damage.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: The

text: continuous

text: torque

text: density

text: of

text: conventional

text: electric

text: machines

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: gap

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: back

text: iron

text: depth

text: which

text: are

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: power

text: rating

text: of

text: the

text: armature

text: winding

text: set

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: machine

text: and

text: the

text: achievable

text: air

text: gap

text: flux

text: density

text: before

text: core

text: saturation

text: Despite

text: the

text: high

text: coercivity

text: of

text: neodymium

text: or

text: samarium

text: cobalt

text: PMs

text: continuous

text: torque

text: density

text: is

text: virtually

text: the

text: same

text: amongst

text: electric

text: machines

text: with

text: optimally

text: designed

text: armature

text: winding

text: sets

text: Continuous

text: torque

text: density

text: relates

text: to

text: method

text: of

text: cooling

text: and

text: permissible

text: period

text: of

text: operation

text: before

text: destruction

text: by

text: overheating

text: of

text: windings

text: or

text: PM

text: damage

question: What determines continuous torque density?

answer: size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth

text: size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth

question: What three elements determine the size of the air-gap area and back iron depth?

answer: power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation

text: power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation

question: What does continuous torque density refer to?

answer: method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating

text: method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating

question: How does continuous torque density vary between well designed motors?

answer: virtually the same

text: virtually the same


text: Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: Csa

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: interior

text: and

text: Douro

text: region

text: Csb

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Central

text: Portugal

text: and

text: coastal

text: Alentejo

text: mixed

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: coastline

text: and

text: also

text: Semi

text: arid

text: climate

text: or

text: Steppe

text: climate

text: BSk

text: in

text: certain

text: parts

text: of

text: Beja

text: district

text: far

text: South

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Köppen

text: Geiger

text: Climate

text: Classification

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: warmest

text: European

text: countries

text: the

text: annual

text: average

text: temperature

text: in

text: mainland

text: Portugal

text: varies

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: the

text: mountainous

text: interior

text: north

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Guadiana

text: river

text: basin

text: The

text: Algarve

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: Alentejo

text: region

text: by

text: mountains

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: metres

text: ft

text: in

text: Alto

text: de

text: Fóia

text: has

text: a

text: climate

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: coastal

text: areas

text: of

text: Spain

text: or

text: Southwest

text: Australia

question: What type of climate does Portugal have?

answer: Mediterranean

text: Mediterranean

question: In the mountainous interior north of Portugal, between what degrees is the average temperature?

answer: 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F)

text: 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F)

question: In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate?

answer: 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)

text: 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)

question: How high do the mountains between Algarve and the Alentejo region reach?

answer: 900 metres (3,000 ft)

text: 900 metres (3,000 ft)


text: Unlike Modern English, Old English is a language rich in morphological diversity. It maintains several distinct cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and (vestigially) instrumental. The only remnants of this system in Modern English are in the forms of a few pronouns (such as I/me/mine, she/her, who/whom/whose) and in the possessive ending -'s, which derives from the old (masculine and neuter) genitive ending -es. In Old English, however, nouns and their modifying words take appropriate endings depending on their case.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Unlike

text: Modern

text: English

text: Old

text: English

text: is

text: a

text: language

text: rich

text: in

text: morphological

text: diversity

text: It

text: maintains

text: several

text: distinct

text: cases

text: the

text: nominative

text: accusative

text: genitive

text: dative

text: and

text: vestigially

text: instrumental

text: The

text: only

text: remnants

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: in

text: Modern

text: English

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: a

text: few

text: pronouns

text: such

text: as

text: I

text: me

text: mine

text: she

text: her

text: who

text: whom

text: whose

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: possessive

text: ending

text: 's

text: which

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: old

text: masculine

text: and

text: neuter

text: genitive

text: ending

text: -es

text: In

text: Old

text: English

text: however

text: nouns

text: and

text: their

text: modifying

text: words

text: take

text: appropriate

text: endings

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: case

question: What trait does Old English possess that Modern English lacks?

answer: morphological diversity

text: morphological diversity

question: Along with the nominative, genitive, dative and instrumental, what case did Old English possess?

answer: accusative

text: accusative

question: The Modern English ending -'s is derived from what ending in Old English?

answer: -es

text: -es

question: In Old English, noun endings vary on what basis?

answer: their case

text: their case


text: Nasser played a significant part in the strengthening of African solidarity in the late 1950s and early 1960s, although his continental leadership role had increasingly passed to Algeria since 1962. During this period, Nasser made Egypt a refuge for anti-colonial leaders from several African countries and allowed the broadcast of anti-colonial propaganda from Cairo. Beginning in 1958, Nasser had a key role in the discussions among African leaders that led to the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: strengthening

text: of

text: African

text: solidarity

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: although

text: his

text: continental

text: leadership

text: role

text: had

text: increasingly

text: passed

text: to

text: Algeria

text: since

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Nasser

text: made

text: Egypt

text: a

text: refuge

text: for

text: anti

text: colonial

text: leaders

text: from

text: several

text: African

text: countries

text: and

text: allowed

text: the

text: broadcast

text: of

text: anti

text: colonial

text: propaganda

text: from

text: Cairo

text: Beginning

text: in

text: Nasser

text: had

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: discussions

text: among

text: African

text: leaders

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Organisation

text: of

text: African

text: Unity

text: OAU

text: in

question: What continent did Nasser help to attain political stability?

answer: African

text: African

question: Who did Nasser give asylum to?

answer: anti-colonial leaders from several African countries

text: anti-colonial leaders from several African countries

question: What type of programming was broadcast from Cairo?

answer: anti-colonial propaganda

text: anti-colonial propaganda

question: What African group did Nasser help to form?

answer: Organisation of African Unity

text: Organisation of African Unity

question: What year was the OAU formed?

answer: 1963


text: As the 1954 congressional elections approached, and it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses, Eisenhower was among those blaming the Old Guard for the losses, and took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. Eisenhower then articulated his position as a moderate, progressive Republican: "I have just one purpose ... and that is to build up a strong progressive Republican Party in this country. If the right wing wants a fight, they are going to get it ... before I end up, either this Republican Party will reflect progressivism or I won't be with them anymore."

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: As

text: the

text: congressional

text: elections

text: approached

text: and

text: it

text: became

text: evident

text: that

text: the

text: Republicans

text: were

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: losing

text: their

text: thin

text: majority

text: in

text: both

text: houses

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: among

text: those

text: blaming

text: the

text: Old

text: Guard

text: for

text: the

text: losses

text: and

text: took

text: up

text: the

text: charge

text: to

text: stop

text: suspected

text: efforts

text: by

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: to

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: GOP

text: Eisenhower

text: then

text: articulated

text: his

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: moderate

text: progressive

text: Republican

text: I

text: have

text: just

text: one

text: purpose

text: and

text: that

text: is

text: to

text: build

text: up

text: a

text: strong

text: progressive

text: Republican

text: Party

text: in

text: this

text: country

text: If

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: wants

text: a

text: fight

text: they

text: are

text: going

text: to

text: get

text: it

text: before

text: I

text: end

text: up

text: either

text: this

text: Republican

text: Party

text: will

text: reflect

text: progressivism

text: or

text: I

text: wo

text: n't

text: be

text: with

text: them

text: anymore

question: What wing of the GOP was Eisenhower opposed to?

answer: right

text: right

question: In what year were the first federal elections after Eisenhower became president?

answer: 1954

question: What type of Republican did Eisenhower characterize himself as?

answer: moderate, progressive

text: moderate, progressive

question: Prior to the 1954 elections, who had majorities in Congress?

answer: Republicans

text: Republicans


text: Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents. The highest increases are expected among the elderly.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: increased

text: by

text: per

text: cent

text: the

text: tenth

text: biggest

text: increase

text: in

text: England

text: In

text: the

text: Government

text: Statistics

text: stated

text: that

text: Southampton

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: after

text: London

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: respectively

text: Hampshire

text: County

text: Council

text: expects

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: to

text: grow

text: by

text: around

text: a

text: further

text: two

text: per

text: cent

text: between

text: and

text: adding

text: around

text: another

text: to

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: residents

text: The

text: highest

text: increases

text: are

text: expected

text: among

text: the

text: elderly

question: By what percentage did the population of Southampton increase from 1996 to 2004?

answer: 4.9

question: What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton?

answer: London

text: London

question: What organization anticipated an additional 2% population growth from 2006 to 2013?

answer: Hampshire County Council

text: Hampshire County Council

question: What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most?

answer: the elderly

text: the elderly

question: How many more residents would Southampton have if the population grew by 2%, as the council expected?

answer: 4,200


text: Charles "Wag" Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London, England. Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language. Also in 1966, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor. The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20. He would go on to win the title a further three times. Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966–1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title. He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, "I'm going to become the greatest actor!"

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Charles

text: Wag

text: Bennett

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: judges

text: at

text: the

text: competition

text: was

text: impressed

text: with

text: Schwarzenegger

text: and

text: he

text: offered

text: to

text: coach

text: him

text: As

text: Schwarzenegger

text: had

text: little

text: money

text: Bennett

text: invited

text: him

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: his

text: crowded

text: family

text: home

text: above

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: two

text: gyms

text: in

text: Forest

text: Gate

text: London

text: England

text: Yorton

text: 's

text: leg

text: definition

text: had

text: been

text: judged

text: superior

text: and

text: Schwarzenegger

text: under

text: a

text: training

text: program

text: devised

text: by

text: Bennett

text: concentrated

text: on

text: improving

text: the

text: muscle

text: definition

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: his

text: legs

text: Staying

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: End

text: of

text: London

text: helped

text: Schwarzenegger

text: improve

text: his

text: rudimentary

text: grasp

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: Also

text: in

text: Schwarzenegger

text: had

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: meet

text: childhood

text: idol

text: Reg

text: Park

text: who

text: became

text: his

text: friend

text: and

text: mentor

text: The

text: training

text: paid

text: off

text: and

text: in

text: Schwarzenegger

text: won

text: the

text: title

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: becoming

text: the

text: youngest

text: ever

text: Mr.

text: Universe

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: He

text: would

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: title

text: a

text: further

text: three

text: times

text: Schwarzenegger

text: then

text: flew

text: back

text: to

text: Munich

text: training

text: for

text: four

text: to

text: six

text: hours

text: daily

text: attending

text: business

text: school

text: and

text: working

text: in

text: a

text: health

text: club

text: Rolf

text: Putziger

text: 's

text: gym

text: where

text: he

text: worked

text: and

text: trained

text: from

text: returning

text: in

text: to

text: London

text: to

text: win

text: his

text: next

text: Mr.

text: Universe

text: title

text: He

text: frequently

text: told

text: Roger

text: C.

text: Field

text: his

text: English

text: coach

text: and

text: friend

text: in

text: Munich

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: I

text: 'm

text: going

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: greatest

text: actor

question: Which of the bodybuilders Schwarzenegger idolized as a kid did he meet in 1966?

answer: Reg Park

text: Reg Park

question: Which part of his body did Schwarzenegger work to develop with Coach Bennett?

answer: legs

text: legs

question: How many total times has Schwarzenegger won the Mr. Universe title?

answer: four

text: four

question: Who owned the gym Schwarzenegger worked in during the late sixties?

answer: Rolf Putziger

text: Rolf Putziger


text: Madonna was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors. Since Madonna had the same name as her mother, family members called her "Little Nonni". She has two elder brothers, Anthony (born 1956) and Martin (born 1957), and three younger siblings, Paula (born 1959), Christopher (born 1960), and Melanie (born 1962).

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: was

text: born

text: to

text: Catholic

text: parents

text: Silvio

text: Anthony

text: Tony

text: Ciccone

text: b.

text: and

text: Madonna

text: Louise

text: Fortin

text: c.

text: December

text: in

text: Bay

text: City

text: Michigan

text: on

text: August

text: Her

text: father

text: 's

text: parents

text: were

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Pacentro

text: Italy

text: while

text: her

text: mother

text: was

text: of

text: French

text: Canadian

text: ancestry

text: Tony

text: worked

text: as

text: an

text: engineer

text: designer

text: for

text: Chrysler

text: and

text: General

text: Motors

text: Since

text: Madonna

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: as

text: her

text: mother

text: family

text: members

text: called

text: her

text: Little

text: Nonni

text: She

text: has

text: two

text: elder

text: brothers

text: Anthony

text: born

text: and

text: Martin

text: born

text: and

text: three

text: younger

text: siblings

text: Paula

text: born

text: Christopher

text: born

text: and

text: Melanie

text: born

question: Madonna was born to which religion?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: Where were Madonna's paternal grandparents come from?

answer: Pacentro, Italy

text: Pacentro, Italy

question: Madonna's mother was from which ancestry?

answer: French-Canadian

text: French-Canadian

question: What was Tony's occupation?

answer: engineer designer

text: engineer designer

question: What was Madonna's nickname when she was younger?

answer: Little Nonni

text: Little Nonni


text: The US-built ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic programmable computer built in the US. Although the ENIAC was similar to the Colossus it was much faster and more flexible. It was unambiguously a Turing-complete device and could compute any problem that would fit into its memory. Like the Colossus, a "program" on the ENIAC was defined by the states of its patch cables and switches, a far cry from the stored program electronic machines that came later. Once a program was written, it had to be mechanically set into the machine with manual resetting of plugs and switches.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: US

text: built

text: ENIAC

text: Electronic

text: Numerical

text: Integrator

text: and

text: Computer

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: electronic

text: programmable

text: computer

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Although

text: the

text: ENIAC

text: was

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Colossus

text: it

text: was

text: much

text: faster

text: and

text: more

text: flexible

text: It

text: was

text: unambiguously

text: a

text: Turing

text: complete

text: device

text: and

text: could

text: compute

text: any

text: problem

text: that

text: would

text: fit

text: into

text: its

text: memory

text: Like

text: the

text: Colossus

text: a

text: program

text: on

text: the

text: ENIAC

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: its

text: patch

text: cables

text: and

text: switches

text: a

text: far

text: cry

text: from

text: the

text: stored

text: program

text: electronic

text: machines

text: that

text: came

text: later

text: Once

text: a

text: program

text: was

text: written

text: it

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: mechanically

text: set

text: into

text: the

text: machine

text: with

text: manual

text: resetting

text: of

text: plugs

text: and

text: switches

question: The US-buils ENIAC stands for what?

answer: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

text: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

question: What was the first electronic programmable computer built in the United States?

answer: ENIAC

text: ENIAC