text: Resonant antennas are expected to be used around a particular resonant frequency; an antenna must therefore be built or ordered to match the frequency range of the intended application. A particular antenna design will present a particular feedpoint impedance. While this may affect the choice of an antenna, an antenna's impedance can also be adapted to the desired impedance level of a system using a matching network while maintaining the other characteristics (except for a possible loss of efficiency).

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Resonant

text: antennas

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: around

text: a

text: particular

text: resonant

text: frequency

text: an

text: antenna

text: must

text: therefore

text: be

text: built

text: or

text: ordered

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: frequency

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: intended

text: application

text: A

text: particular

text: antenna

text: design

text: will

text: present

text: a

text: particular

text: feedpoint

text: impedance

text: While

text: this

text: may

text: affect

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: an

text: antenna

text: 's

text: impedance

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: desired

text: impedance

text: level

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: using

text: a

text: matching

text: network

text: while

text: maintaining

text: the

text: other

text: characteristics

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: possible

text: loss

text: of

text: efficiency

question: Which antenna type would be best for a project requiring a specific frequency?

answer: Resonant antennas

text: Resonant antennas

question: How could an antenna be made to coordinate with the needed frequency?

answer: built or ordered

text: built or ordered

question: What factor would result in a desired feedback independence?

answer: particular antenna design

text: particular antenna design

question: If you were unable to choose the antenna you wanted how could you still achieve this result?

answer: matching network

text: matching network


text: Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: ancient

text: capitals

text: of

text: China

text: Nanjing

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: a

text: cultural

text: centre

text: attracting

text: intellectuals

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: the

text: Tang

text: and

text: Song

text: dynasties

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: a

text: place

text: where

text: poets

text: gathered

text: and

text: composed

text: poems

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: its

text: luxurious

text: past

text: during

text: the

text: Ming

text: and

text: Qing

text: dynasties

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: imperial

text: examination

text: centre

text: Jiangnan

text: Examination

text: Hall

text: for

text: the

text: Jiangnan

text: region

text: again

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: hub

text: where

text: different

text: thoughts

text: and

text: opinions

text: converged

text: and

text: thrived

question: How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?

answer: four

text: four

question: What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture?

answer: intellectuals

text: intellectuals

question: In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing?

answer: the Tang and Song dynasties

text: the Tang and Song dynasties

question: When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre?

answer: the Ming and Qing dynasties

text: the Ming and Qing dynasties

question: What was the name of the examination centre?

answer: Jiangnan Examination Hall

text: Jiangnan Examination Hall


text: Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Sports

text: played

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: include

text: football

text: cricket

text: volleyball

text: tennis

text: golf

text: motocross

text: shooting

text: sports

text: and

text: yachting

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: has

text: sent

text: teams

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Island

text: Games

text: Association

text: The

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: cricket

text: team

text: made

text: its

text: debut

text: in

text: international

text: cricket

text: in

text: Division

text: Three

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Cricket

text: League

text: in

question: Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association?

answer: International Island Games Association

text: International Island Games Association

question: Where did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?

answer: Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League

text: Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League

question: When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?

answer: 2011


text: After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government named the Western nations, led by the United States, as the biggest threat to its national security. Basing this judgment on China's century of humiliation beginning in the early 19th century, American support for the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and the ideological struggles between revolutionaries and reactionaries, the Chinese leadership believed that China would become a critical battleground in the United States' crusade against Communism. As a countermeasure and to elevate China's standing among the worldwide Communist movements, the Chinese leadership adopted a foreign policy that actively promoted Communist revolutions throughout territories on China's periphery.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: After

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: named

text: the

text: Western

text: nations

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: biggest

text: threat

text: to

text: its

text: national

text: security

text: Basing

text: this

text: judgment

text: on

text: China

text: 's

text: century

text: of

text: humiliation

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: American

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Nationalists

text: during

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: ideological

text: struggles

text: between

text: revolutionaries

text: and

text: reactionaries

text: the

text: Chinese

text: leadership

text: believed

text: that

text: China

text: would

text: become

text: a

text: critical

text: battleground

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: crusade

text: against

text: Communism

text: As

text: a

text: countermeasure

text: and

text: to

text: elevate

text: China

text: 's

text: standing

text: among

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Communist

text: movements

text: the

text: Chinese

text: leadership

text: adopted

text: a

text: foreign

text: policy

text: that

text: actively

text: promoted

text: Communist

text: revolutions

text: throughout

text: territories

text: on

text: China

text: 's

text: periphery

question: What country did China see as a threat to the People's Republic of China?

answer: Western nations

text: Western nations

question: Where was it believed that that fight against Communism would take place?

answer: China

text: China

question: To show their strength in the international Communist movement, what did China do?

answer: promoted Communist revolutions

text: promoted Communist revolutions

question: Who did America support during the Chinese Civil War?

answer: the Nationalists

text: the Nationalists


text: The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries. This organization developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body. The effectiveness of this professional financial body stands behind the success of many great Ottoman statesmen.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: organization

text: of

text: the

text: treasury

text: and

text: chancery

text: were

text: developed

text: under

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: Islamic

text: government

text: and

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: leading

text: organization

text: among

text: all

text: their

text: contemporaries

text: This

text: organization

text: developed

text: a

text: scribal

text: bureaucracy

text: known

text: as

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: pen

text: as

text: a

text: distinct

text: group

text: partly

text: highly

text: trained

text: ulama

text: which

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: professional

text: body

text: The

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: this

text: professional

text: financial

text: body

text: stands

text: behind

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: many

text: great

text: Ottoman

text: statesmen

question: Two of the most developed economic organizations under the Ottoman Empire were what?

answer: the treasury and chancery

text: the treasury and chancery

question: What were the scribes of the chancery known as?

answer: men of the pen

text: men of the pen

question: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what?

answer: ulama

text: ulama

question: What did the scribal bureaucracy become?

answer: a professional body

text: a professional body

question: The Ottoman Empire had the most developed economic organizations among Islamic Governments until which century?

answer: the 17th century

text: the 17th century


text: The 2011 Business Software Alliance Piracy Study Standard, estimates the total commercial value of illegally copied software to be at $59 billion in 2010, with emerging markets accounting for $31.9 billion, over half of the total. Furthermore, mature markets for the first time received less PC shipments than emerging economies in 2010, making emerging markets now responsible for more than half of all computers in use worldwide. In addition with software infringement rates of 68 percent comparing to 24 percent of mature markets, emerging markets thus possess the majority of the global increase in the commercial value of counterfeit software. China continues to have the highest commercial value of such software at $8.9 billion among developing countries and second in the world behind the US at $9.7 billion in 2011. In 2011, the Business Software Alliance announced that 83 percent of software deployed on PCs in Africa has been pirated (excluding South Africa).

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: The

text: Business

text: Software

text: Alliance

text: Piracy

text: Study

text: Standard

text: estimates

text: the

text: total

text: commercial

text: value

text: of

text: illegally

text: copied

text: software

text: to

text: be

text: at

text: billion

text: in

text: with

text: emerging

text: markets

text: accounting

text: for

text: billion

text: over

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Furthermore

text: mature

text: markets

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: received

text: less

text: PC

text: shipments

text: than

text: emerging

text: economies

text: in

text: making

text: emerging

text: markets

text: now

text: responsible

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: computers

text: in

text: use

text: worldwide

text: In

text: addition

text: with

text: software

text: infringement

text: rates

text: of

text: percent

text: comparing

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: mature

text: markets

text: emerging

text: markets

text: thus

text: possess

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: commercial

text: value

text: of

text: counterfeit

text: software

text: China

text: continues

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: highest

text: commercial

text: value

text: of

text: such

text: software

text: at

text: billion

text: among

text: developing

text: countries

text: and

text: second

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: behind

text: the

text: US

text: at

text: billion

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Business

text: Software

text: Alliance

text: announced

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: software

text: deployed

text: on

text: PCs

text: in

text: Africa

text: has

text: been

text: pirated

text: excluding

text: South

text: Africa

question: What was the estimated total value of pirated software in 2010?

answer: $59 billion

text: $59 billion

question: Who accounted for over half the total?

answer: emerging markets

text: emerging markets

question: What did the established markets receive for the first time?

answer: less PC shipments than emerging economies

text: less PC shipments than emerging economies

question: What country has the highest retail value of software?

answer: China

text: China

question: What percentage of software in Africa is illegal?

answer: 83 percent

text: 83 percent


text: A text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itself as revelation (tanzil), remembrance (dhikr), news (naba'), criterion (furqan) in a self-designating manner (explicitly asserting its Divinity, "And this is a blessed Remembrance that We have sent down; so are you now denying it?"), or in the frequent appearance of the "Say" tags, when Muhammad is commanded to speak (e.g., "Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance' ", "Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?' "). According to Wild the Quran is highly self-referential. The feature is more evident in early Meccan suras.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: A

text: text

text: is

text: self

text: referential

text: when

text: it

text: speaks

text: about

text: itself

text: and

text: makes

text: reference

text: to

text: itself

text: According

text: to

text: Stefan

text: Wild

text: the

text: Quran

text: demonstrates

text: this

text: metatextuality

text: by

text: explaining

text: classifying

text: interpreting

text: and

text: justifying

text: the

text: words

text: to

text: be

text: transmitted

text: Self

text: referentiality

text: is

text: evident

text: in

text: those

text: passages

text: where

text: the

text: Quran

text: refers

text: to

text: itself

text: as

text: revelation

text: tanzil

text: remembrance

text: dhikr

text: news

text: naba

text: criterion

text: furqan

text: in

text: a

text: self

text: designating

text: manner

text: explicitly

text: asserting

text: its

text: Divinity

text: And

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: blessed

text: Remembrance

text: that

text: We

text: have

text: sent

text: down

text: so

text: are

text: you

text: now

text: denying

text: it

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: frequent

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: Say

text: tags

text: when

text: Muhammad

text: is

text: commanded

text: to

text: speak

text: e.g.

text: Say

text: God

text: 's

text: guidance

text: is

text: the

text: true

text: guidance

text: Say

text: Would

text: you

text: then

text: dispute

text: with

text: us

text: concerning

text: God

text: According

text: to

text: Wild

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: highly

text: self

text: referential

text: The

text: feature

text: is

text: more

text: evident

text: in

text: early

text: Meccan

text: suras

question: What metatextual character does Stefan Wild focus on in his discussion of the Quran?

answer: Self-referentiality

text: Self-referentiality

question: What quality does the Quran claim in the different ways in which it refers to itself?

answer: Divinity

text: Divinity

question: Which term that the Quran uses for itself means "news"?

answer: naba'

text: naba'

question: The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras?

answer: early Meccan suras

text: early Meccan suras


text: Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: Thomas

text: Barnes

text: was

text: appointed

text: general

text: editor

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: paper

text: 's

text: printer

text: James

text: Lawson

text: died

text: and

text: passed

text: the

text: business

text: onto

text: his

text: son

text: John

text: Joseph

text: Under

text: the

text: editorship

text: of

text: Barnes

text: and

text: his

text: successor

text: in

text: John

text: Thadeus

text: Delane

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: The

text: Times

text: rose

text: to

text: great

text: heights

text: especially

text: in

text: politics

text: and

text: amongst

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: Peter

text: Fraser

text: and

text: Edward

text: Sterling

text: were

text: two

text: noted

text: journalists

text: and

text: gained

text: for

text: The

text: Times

text: the

text: pompous

text: satirical

text: nickname

text: The

text: Thunderer

text: from

text: We

text: thundered

text: out

text: the

text: other

text: day

text: an

text: article

text: on

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: reform

text: The

text: increased

text: circulation

text: and

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: its

text: early

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: steam

text: driven

text: rotary

text: printing

text: press

text: Distribution

text: via

text: steam

text: trains

text: to

text: rapidly

text: growing

text: concentrations

text: of

text: urban

text: populations

text: helped

text: ensure

text: the

text: profitability

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: and

text: its

text: growing

text: influence

question: Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?

answer: Thomas Barnes

text: Thomas Barnes

question: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?

answer: his son

text: his son

question: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?

answer: The Thunderer

text: The Thunderer

question: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?

answer: steam-driven rotary printing press

text: steam-driven rotary printing press

question: Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?

answer: John Thadeus Delane

text: John Thadeus Delane


text: In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people and some Yi and Nu people converted to Christianity. Famous earlier missionaries include James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall and Isobel Kuhn of the China Inland Mission, among others who were active in this area.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: In

text: the

text: Protestant

text: James

text: Cameron

text: from

text: the

text: China

text: Inland

text: Mission

text: walked

text: from

text: Chongqing

text: to

text: Batang

text: in

text: Garzê

text: Tibetan

text: Autonomous

text: Prefecture

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: and

text: brought

text: the

text: Gospel

text: to

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Diqing

text: Tibetan

text: Autonomous

text: Prefecture

text: in

text: Yunnan

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: Lisu

text: people

text: and

text: some

text: Yi

text: and

text: Nu

text: people

text: converted

text: to

text: Christianity

text: Famous

text: earlier

text: missionaries

text: include

text: James

text: O.

text: Fraser

text: Alfred

text: James

text: Broomhall

text: and

text: Isobel

text: Kuhn

text: of

text: the

text: China

text: Inland

text: Mission

text: among

text: others

text: who

text: were

text: active

text: in

text: this

text: area

question: When did Protestant James Cameron bring the Gospel to the Tibetan people?

answer: 1877

question: When did a large number of Lisu people convert to Christianity?

answer: Beginning in the 20th century

text: Beginning in the 20th century

question: How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet?

answer: Famous earlier missionaries

text: Famous earlier missionaries


text: Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Herbert Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: Soon

text: Lutyens

text: started

text: considering

text: other

text: places

text: Indeed

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Town

text: Planning

text: Committee

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: new

text: imperial

text: capital

text: with

text: George

text: Swinton

text: as

text: chairman

text: and

text: John

text: A.

text: Brodie

text: and

text: Lutyens

text: as

text: members

text: submitted

text: reports

text: for

text: both

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: sites

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: when

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: acquiring

text: the

text: necessary

text: properties

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: too

text: high

text: The

text: central

text: axis

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: which

text: today

text: faces

text: east

text: at

text: India

text: Gate

text: was

text: previously

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: north

text: south

text: axis

text: linking

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: House

text: at

text: one

text: end

text: with

text: Paharganj

text: at

text: the

text: other

text: During

text: the

text: project

text: 's

text: early

text: years

text: many

text: tourists

text: believed

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: gate

text: from

text: Earth

text: to

text: Heaven

text: itself

text: Eventually

text: owing

text: to

text: space

text: constraints

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: heritage

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: side

text: the

text: committee

text: settled

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: site

text: A

text: site

text: atop

text: the

text: Raisina

text: Hill

text: formerly

text: Raisina

text: Village

text: a

text: Meo

text: village

text: was

text: chosen

text: for

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhawan

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: House

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: choice

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: hill

text: lay

text: directly

text: opposite

text: the

text: Dinapanah

text: citadel

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: considered

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Indraprastha

text: the

text: ancient

text: region

text: of

text: Delhi

text: Subsequently

text: the

text: foundation

text: stone

text: was

text: shifted

text: from

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Delhi

text: Durbar

text: of

text: where

text: the

text: Coronation

text: Pillar

text: stood

text: and

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: the

text: forecourt

text: of

text: the

text: Secretariat

text: The

text: Rajpath

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: King

text: 's

text: Way

text: stretched

text: from

text: the

text: India

text: Gate

text: to

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhawan

text: The

text: Secretariat

text: building

text: the

text: two

text: blocks

text: of

text: which

text: flank

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhawan

text: and

text: houses

text: ministries

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: Parliament

text: House

text: both

text: designed

text: by

text: Herbert

text: Baker

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Sansad

text: Marg

text: and

text: run

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: Rajpath

question: Who rejected the proposals of Brodie and Lutyens?

answer: the Viceroy

text: the Viceroy

question: Which site was eventually chosen by the Delhi Town Planning Committee?

answer: the South site

text: the South site

question: Raisina Hill lay directly opposite what religious site?

answer: Dinapanah citadel

text: Dinapanah citadel

question: The Rajpath was also known by what name?

answer: King's Way

text: King's Way

question: Who designed the Parliament House of New Delhi?

answer: Herbert Baker

text: Herbert Baker


text: Provided some additional requirements are met (e.g. providing an authoritative statement of the archivist), the United States patent office and the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given Web page was accessible to the public. These dates are used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art for instance in examining a patent application.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: Provided

text: some

text: additional

text: requirements

text: are

text: met

text: e.g.

text: providing

text: an

text: authoritative

text: statement

text: of

text: the

text: archivist

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: patent

text: office

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Patent

text: Office

text: will

text: accept

text: date

text: stamps

text: from

text: the

text: Internet

text: Archive

text: as

text: evidence

text: of

text: when

text: a

text: given

text: Web

text: page

text: was

text: accessible

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: These

text: dates

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: a

text: Web

text: page

text: is

text: available

text: as

text: prior

text: art

text: for

text: instance

text: in

text: examining

text: a

text: patent

text: application

question: When are Internet Archive timestamps useful for patent offices?

answer: in examining a patent application

text: in examining a patent application

question: What is an example of a condition that must be met for the Internet Archive data to be considered acceptable for submission to patent offices in the US and Europe?

answer: authoritative statement of the archivist

text: authoritative statement of the archivist


text: Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming capital. Wu Sangui, caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years, decided to cast his lot with the Manchus, with whom he was familiar. Wu Sangui may have been influenced by Li Zicheng's mistreatment of his family and other wealthy and cultured officials; it was said that Li also took Wu's concubine Chen Yuanyuan for himself. Wu and Dorgon allied in the name of avenging the death of the Chongzhen Emperor. Together, the two former enemies met and defeated Li Zicheng's rebel forces in battle on May 27, 1644.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: then

text: led

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: rebel

text: forces

text: numbering

text: to

text: confront

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: the

text: general

text: commanding

text: the

text: Ming

text: garrison

text: at

text: Shanhai

text: Pass

text: Shanhai

text: Pass

text: is

text: a

text: pivotal

text: pass

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

text: located

text: fifty

text: miles

text: northeast

text: of

text: Beijing

text: and

text: for

text: years

text: its

text: defenses

text: kept

text: the

text: Manchus

text: from

text: directly

text: raiding

text: the

text: Ming

text: capital

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: caught

text: between

text: a

text: rebel

text: army

text: twice

text: his

text: size

text: and

text: a

text: foreign

text: enemy

text: he

text: had

text: fought

text: for

text: years

text: decided

text: to

text: cast

text: his

text: lot

text: with

text: the

text: Manchus

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: was

text: familiar

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: 's

text: mistreatment

text: of

text: his

text: family

text: and

text: other

text: wealthy

text: and

text: cultured

text: officials

text: it

text: was

text: said

text: that

text: Li

text: also

text: took

text: Wu

text: 's

text: concubine

text: Chen

text: Yuanyuan

text: for

text: himself

text: Wu

text: and

text: Dorgon

text: allied

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: avenging

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: Chongzhen

text: Emperor

text: Together

text: the

text: two

text: former

text: enemies

text: met

text: and

text: defeated

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: 's

text: rebel

text: forces

text: in

text: battle

text: on

text: May

question: How big was Li Zicheng's army?

answer: 200,000

question: Who did Li Zicheng's army fight?

answer: Wu Sangui

text: Wu Sangui

question: What was the name of the general at the Ming fort?

answer: Wu Sangui

text: Wu Sangui

question: Who beat Li Zicheng's army?

answer: Wu and Dorgon

text: Wu and Dorgon

question: When did the battle take place?

answer: May 27, 1644

text: May 27, 1644


text: On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: On

text: his

text: mother

text: 's

text: side

text: Hayek

text: was

text: second

text: cousin

text: to

text: the

text: philosopher

text: Ludwig

text: Wittgenstein

text: His

text: mother

text: often

text: played

text: with

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: sisters

text: and

text: had

text: known

text: Ludwig

text: well

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: their

text: family

text: relationship

text: Hayek

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: read

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: Tractatus

text: Logico

text: Philosophicus

text: when

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: its

text: original

text: German

text: edition

text: in

text: Although

text: Hayek

text: met

text: Wittgenstein

text: on

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: occasions

text: Hayek

text: said

text: that

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: philosophy

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: analysis

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: influence

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: life

text: and

text: thought

text: In

text: his

text: later

text: years

text: Hayek

text: recalled

text: a

text: discussion

text: of

text: philosophy

text: with

text: Wittgenstein

text: when

text: both

text: were

text: officers

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: After

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: death

text: Hayek

text: had

text: intended

text: to

text: write

text: a

text: biography

text: of

text: Wittgenstein

text: and

text: worked

text: on

text: collecting

text: family

text: materials

text: and

text: he

text: later

text: assisted

text: biographers

text: of

text: Wittgenstein

question: Who was among the first readers of Ludwig  Wittgenstein's book?

answer: Hayek

text: Hayek

question: How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet?

answer: on only a few occasions

text: on only a few occasions

question: Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek?

answer: Ludwig Wittgenstein

text: Ludwig Wittgenstein

question: What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war?

answer: both were officers

text: both were officers

question: What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921?

answer: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

text: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus


text: The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: is

text: organized

text: into

text: functional

text: branches

text: and

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: Director

text: which

text: contains

text: most

text: administrative

text: offices

text: An

text: executive

text: assistant

text: director

text: manages

text: each

text: branch

text: Each

text: branch

text: is

text: then

text: divided

text: into

text: offices

text: and

text: divisions

text: each

text: headed

text: by

text: an

text: assistant

text: director

text: The

text: various

text: divisions

text: are

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: sub

text: branches

text: led

text: by

text: deputy

text: assistant

text: directors

text: Within

text: these

text: sub

text: branches

text: there

text: are

text: various

text: sections

text: headed

text: by

text: section

text: chiefs

text: Section

text: chiefs

text: are

text: ranked

text: analogous

text: to

text: special

text: agents

text: in

text: charge

question: What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?

answer: Office of the Director

text: Office of the Director

question: Who manages each FBI branch?

answer: An executive assistant director

text: An executive assistant director

question: What is a FBI branch divided into?

answer: offices and divisions

text: offices and divisions

question: Who heads an office or division?

answer: an assistant director

text: an assistant director

question: Who leaders the sub-divisions of offices or divisions?

answer: deputy assistant directors

text: deputy assistant directors


text: As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: As

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: shows

text: on

text: U.S.

text: television

text: history

text: American

text: Idol

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: impact

text: not

text: just

text: on

text: television

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: wider

text: world

text: of

text: entertainment

text: It

text: helped

text: create

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: highly

text: successful

text: recording

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Kelly

text: Clarkson

text: Daughtry

text: and

text: Carrie

text: Underwood

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: others

text: of

text: varying

text: notability

question: What show helped launched the career of Kelly Clarkson?

answer: American Idol

text: American Idol

question: What show helped launched the career of Carrie Underwood?

answer: American Idol

text: American Idol

question: What show helped launched the career of Daughtry?

answer: American Idol

text: American Idol


text: In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: In

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: student

text: body

text: consisted

text: of

text: students

text: with

text: undergraduates

text: graduate

text: and

text: professional

text: and

text: professional

text: Law

text: M.Div

text: Business

text: M.Ed

text: students

text: Around

text: of

text: students

text: are

text: children

text: of

text: alumni

text: and

text: although

text: of

text: students

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: represents

text: all

text: states

text: and

text: countries

text: As

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: Princeton

text: Review

text: ranked

text: the

text: school

text: as

text: the

text: fifth

text: highest

text: dream

text: school

text: for

text: parents

text: to

text: send

text: their

text: children

text: As

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: Princeton

text: Review

text: ranked

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: as

text: the

text: ninth

text: highest

text: The

text: school

text: has

text: been

text: previously

text: criticized

text: for

text: its

text: lack

text: of

text: diversity

text: and

text: The

text: Princeton

text: Review

text: ranks

text: the

text: university

text: highly

text: among

text: schools

text: at

text: which

text: Alternative

text: Lifestyles

text: are

text: Not

text: an

text: Alternative

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: commended

text: by

text: some

text: diversity

text: oriented

text: publications

text: Hispanic

text: Magazine

text: in

text: ranked

text: the

text: university

text: ninth

text: on

text: its

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: colleges

text: for

text: Latinos

text: and

text: The

text: Journal

text: of

text: Blacks

text: in

text: Higher

text: Education

text: recognized

text: the

text: university

text: in

text: for

text: raising

text: enrollment

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: students

text: With

text: participants

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: intramural

text: sports

text: program

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: by

text: Sports

text: Illustrated

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: program

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: while

text: in

text: The

text: Princeton

text: Review

text: named

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: school

text: where

text: Everyone

text: Plays

text: Intramural

text: Sports

text: The

text: annual

text: Bookstore

text: Basketball

text: tournament

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: outdoor

text: five

text: on

text: five

text: tournament

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: teams

text: participating

text: each

text: year

text: while

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Men

text: 's

text: Boxing

text: Club

text: hosts

text: the

text: annual

text: Bengal

text: Bouts

text: tournament

text: that

text: raises

text: money

text: for

text: the

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: Missions

text: in

text: Bangladesh

question: How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014?

answer: 8,448

question: What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students?

answer: 21–24%

question: How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament?

answer: over 700

text: over 700

question: For what cause is money raised at the Bengal Bouts tournament at Notre Dame?

answer: the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh

text: the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh

question: How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014?

answer: 12,179


text: Since the system's launch, production costs have been reduced significantly as a result of phasing out the Emotion Engine chip and falling hardware costs. The cost of manufacturing Cell microprocessors has fallen dramatically as a result of moving to the 65 nm production process, and Blu-ray Disc diodes have become cheaper to manufacture. As of January 2008, each unit cost around $400 to manufacture; by August 2009, Sony had reduced costs by a total of 70%, meaning it only costs Sony around $240 per unit.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Since

text: the

text: system

text: 's

text: launch

text: production

text: costs

text: have

text: been

text: reduced

text: significantly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: phasing

text: out

text: the

text: Emotion

text: Engine

text: chip

text: and

text: falling

text: hardware

text: costs

text: The

text: cost

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: Cell

text: microprocessors

text: has

text: fallen

text: dramatically

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: moving

text: to

text: the

text: nm

text: production

text: process

text: and

text: Blu

text: ray

text: Disc

text: diodes

text: have

text: become

text: cheaper

text: to

text: manufacture

text: As

text: of

text: January

text: each

text: unit

text: cost

text: around

text: to

text: manufacture

text: by

text: August

text: Sony

text: had

text: reduced

text: costs

text: by

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: meaning

text: it

text: only

text: costs

text: Sony

text: around

text: per

text: unit

question: Along with a drop in the cost of hardware, PS3 has gotten cheaper to make because what chip was phased out?

answer: Emotion Engine chip

text: Emotion Engine chip

question: What's the name of the microprocessor produced by the 65 nm process?

answer: Cell

text: Cell

question: What specific component of Blu-Ray disc have also gotten less expensive to make?

answer: diodes

text: diodes

question: As of Summer 2009, what was the cost to Sony to make a PS3?

answer: $240

question: The August 2009 cost is a result of what percentage decrease in production cost?

answer: 70%


text: Charleston's oldest community theater group, the Footlight Players, has provided theatrical productions since 1931. A variety of performing arts venues includes the historic Dock Street Theatre. The annual Charleston Fashion Week held each spring in Marion Square brings in designers, journalists, and clients from across the nation. Charleston is known for its local seafood, which plays a key role in the city's renowned cuisine, comprising staple dishes such as gumbo, she-crab soup, fried oysters, Lowcountry boil, deviled crab cakes, red rice, and shrimp and grits. Rice is the staple in many dishes, reflecting the rice culture of the Low Country. The cuisine in Charleston is also strongly influenced by British and French elements.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Charleston

text: 's

text: oldest

text: community

text: theater

text: group

text: the

text: Footlight

text: Players

text: has

text: provided

text: theatrical

text: productions

text: since

text: A

text: variety

text: of

text: performing

text: arts

text: venues

text: includes

text: the

text: historic

text: Dock

text: Street

text: Theatre

text: The

text: annual

text: Charleston

text: Fashion

text: Week

text: held

text: each

text: spring

text: in

text: Marion

text: Square

text: brings

text: in

text: designers

text: journalists

text: and

text: clients

text: from

text: across

text: the

text: nation

text: Charleston

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: local

text: seafood

text: which

text: plays

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: renowned

text: cuisine

text: comprising

text: staple

text: dishes

text: such

text: as

text: gumbo

text: she

text: crab

text: soup

text: fried

text: oysters

text: Lowcountry

text: boil

text: deviled

text: crab

text: cakes

text: red

text: rice

text: and

text: shrimp

text: and

text: grits

text: Rice

text: is

text: the

text: staple

text: in

text: many

text: dishes

text: reflecting

text: the

text: rice

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: Low

text: Country

text: The

text: cuisine

text: in

text: Charleston

text: is

text: also

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: elements

question: What is Charleston's oldest community theater group?

answer: the Footlight Players

text: the Footlight Players

question: Where is the  annual Charleston Fashion week held?

answer: Marion Square

text: Marion Square

question: The Footlight Players  started creating theatrical productions in what year?

answer: 1931

question: Charleston is known for what type of food?

answer: seafood

text: seafood

question: Charleston cuisine is influenced by what two cultures?

answer: British and French

text: British and French


text: Although Max insisted von Neumann attend school at the grade level appropriate to his age, he agreed to hire private tutors to give him advanced instruction in those areas in which he had displayed an aptitude. At the age of 15, he began to study advanced calculus under the renowned analyst Gábor Szegő. On their first meeting, Szegő was so astounded with the boy's mathematical talent that he was brought to tears. Some of von Neumann's instant solutions to the problems in calculus posed by Szegő, sketched out on his father's stationery, are still on display at the von Neumann archive in Budapest. By the age of 19, von Neumann had published two major mathematical papers, the second of which gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, which superseded Georg Cantor's definition. At the conclusion of his education at the gymnasium, von Neumann sat for and won the Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Although

text: Max

text: insisted

text: von

text: Neumann

text: attend

text: school

text: at

text: the

text: grade

text: level

text: appropriate

text: to

text: his

text: age

text: he

text: agreed

text: to

text: hire

text: private

text: tutors

text: to

text: give

text: him

text: advanced

text: instruction

text: in

text: those

text: areas

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: had

text: displayed

text: an

text: aptitude

text: At

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: study

text: advanced

text: calculus

text: under

text: the

text: renowned

text: analyst

text: Gábor

text: Szegő

text: On

text: their

text: first

text: meeting

text: Szegő

text: was

text: so

text: astounded

text: with

text: the

text: boy

text: 's

text: mathematical

text: talent

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: tears

text: Some

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: instant

text: solutions

text: to

text: the

text: problems

text: in

text: calculus

text: posed

text: by

text: Szegő

text: sketched

text: out

text: on

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: stationery

text: are

text: still

text: on

text: display

text: at

text: the

text: von

text: Neumann

text: archive

text: in

text: Budapest

text: By

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: had

text: published

text: two

text: major

text: mathematical

text: papers

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: which

text: gave

text: the

text: modern

text: definition

text: of

text: ordinal

text: numbers

text: which

text: superseded

text: Georg

text: Cantor

text: 's

text: definition

text: At

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: his

text: education

text: at

text: the

text: gymnasium

text: von

text: Neumann

text: sat

text: for

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: Eötvös

text: Prize

text: a

text: national

text: prize

text: for

text: mathematics

question: At what age did Von Neumann begin to study advance calculus?

answer: 15

question: Who did Von Neumann begin his studies of advanced calculus under?

answer: Gábor Szegő

text: Gábor Szegő

question: By 19 how many papers had Von Neumann published?

answer: two major mathematical papers

text: two major mathematical papers

question: Von Neumann's modern definition of ordinal numbers superseded whose definition?

answer: Georg Cantor

text: Georg Cantor

question: What prize did Von Neuman win at the conclusion of his gymansium formal education?

answer: Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics

text: Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics


text: Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programs combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night, the most blustery period; then the water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street. Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels. The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: ’s

text: national

text: energy

text: transmission

text: company

text: Redes

text: Energéticas

text: Nacionais

text: REN

text: uses

text: sophisticated

text: modeling

text: to

text: predict

text: weather

text: especially

text: wind

text: patterns

text: and

text: computer

text: programs

text: to

text: calculate

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: various

text: renewable

text: energy

text: plants

text: Before

text: the

text: solar

text: wind

text: revolution

text: Portugal

text: had

text: generated

text: electricity

text: from

text: hydropower

text: plants

text: on

text: its

text: rivers

text: for

text: decades

text: New

text: programs

text: combine

text: wind

text: and

text: water

text: wind

text: driven

text: turbines

text: pump

text: water

text: uphill

text: at

text: night

text: the

text: most

text: blustery

text: period

text: then

text: the

text: water

text: flows

text: downhill

text: by

text: day

text: generating

text: electricity

text: when

text: consumer

text: demand

text: is

text: highest

text: Portugal

text: ’s

text: distribution

text: system

text: is

text: also

text: now

text: a

text: two

text: way

text: street

text: Instead

text: of

text: just

text: delivering

text: electricity

text: it

text: draws

text: electricity

text: from

text: even

text: the

text: smallest

text: generators

text: like

text: rooftop

text: solar

text: panels

text: The

text: government

text: aggressively

text: encouraged

text: such

text: contributions

text: by

text: setting

text: a

text: premium

text: price

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: buy

text: rooftop

text: generated

text: solar

text: electricity

question: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?

answer: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)

text: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)

question: What does REN do?

answer: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants

text: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants

question: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?

answer: hydropower plants on its rivers

text: hydropower plants on its rivers

question: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?

answer: wind-driven turbines

text: wind-driven turbines

question: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?

answer: setting a premium price

text: setting a premium price


text: Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently. Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation. With his delivery improved, the Duke opened the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, during a tour of the empire in 1927. His journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races.

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: Because

text: of

text: his

text: stammer

text: Albert

text: dreaded

text: public

text: speaking

text: After

text: his

text: closing

text: speech

text: at

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: Exhibition

text: at

text: Wembley

text: on

text: October

text: one

text: which

text: was

text: an

text: ordeal

text: for

text: both

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: listeners

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: see

text: Lionel

text: Logue

text: an

text: Australian

text: born

text: speech

text: therapist

text: The

text: Duke

text: and

text: Logue

text: practised

text: breathing

text: exercises

text: and

text: the

text: Duchess

text: rehearsed

text: with

text: him

text: patiently

text: Subsequently

text: he

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: speak

text: with

text: less

text: hesitation

text: With

text: his

text: delivery

text: improved

text: the

text: Duke

text: opened

text: the

text: new

text: Parliament

text: House

text: in

text: Canberra

text: Australia

text: during

text: a

text: tour

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: in

text: His

text: journey

text: by

text: sea

text: to

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Fiji

text: took

text: him

text: via

text: Jamaica

text: where

text: Albert

text: played

text: doubles

text: tennis

text: partnered

text: with

text: a

text: black

text: man

text: which

text: was

text: unusual

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: taken

text: locally

text: as

text: a

text: display

text: of

text: equality

text: between

text: races

question: Why did Albert fear speaking in public?

answer: his stammer

text: his stammer

question: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?

answer: Lionel Logue

text: Lionel Logue

question: What did Albert play partnered with a black man?

answer: doubles tennis

text: doubles tennis

question: What did the Duke open in Australia in 1927?

answer: Parliament House

text: Parliament House


text: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters.

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: Knights

text: Grand

text: Cross

text: and

text: Knights

text: Commander

text: prefix

text: Sir

text: and

text: Dames

text: Grand

text: Cross

text: and

text: Dames

text: Commander

text: prefix

text: Dame

text: to

text: their

text: forenames.[b

text: Wives

text: of

text: Knights

text: may

text: prefix

text: Lady

text: to

text: their

text: surnames

text: but

text: no

text: equivalent

text: privilege

text: exists

text: for

text: husbands

text: of

text: Knights

text: or

text: spouses

text: of

text: Dames

text: Such

text: forms

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: by

text: peers

text: and

text: princes

text: except

text: when

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: are

text: written

text: out

text: in

text: their

text: fullest

text: forms

text: Clergy

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: or

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: the

text: title

text: Sir

text: or

text: Dame

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: receive

text: the

text: accolade

text: i.e.

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: dubbed

text: knight

text: with

text: a

text: sword

text: although

text: they

text: do

text: append

text: the

text: post

text: nominal

text: letters

question: Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross?

answer: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander

text: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander

question: Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames?

answer: Dames Grand Cross

text: Dames Grand Cross

question: Who would prefix Lady to their surnames?

answer: Wives of Knights

text: Wives of Knights

question: Such forms are not used by whom?

answer: peers and princes

text: peers and princes

question: Who wouldn't use the title Sir of Dame?

answer: Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland

text: Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland


text: The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record "Space Invaders" (1979). "On and On" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk's "Music is the Key" (1985), have also been cited.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: The

text: hypnotic

text: electronic

text: dance

text: song

text: On

text: and

text: On

text: produced

text: in

text: by

text: Chicago

text: DJ

text: Jesse

text: Saunders

text: and

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Vince

text: Lawrence

text: had

text: elements

text: that

text: became

text: staples

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: house

text: sound

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Roland

text: bass

text: synthesizer

text: and

text: minimal

text: vocals

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: Roland

text: specifically

text: drum

text: machine

text: and

text: Korg

text: specifically

text: synthesizer

text: It

text: also

text: utilized

text: the

text: bassline

text: from

text: Player

text: One

text: 's

text: disco

text: record

text: Space

text: Invaders

text: On

text: and

text: On

text: is

text: sometimes

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: house

text: record

text: though

text: other

text: examples

text: from

text: around

text: that

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: J.M.

text: Silk

text: 's

text: Music

text: is

text: the

text: Key

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: cited

question: who produced the song "on and on" in 1984?

answer: Jesse Saunders

text: Jesse Saunders

question: where was jesse saunders from?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago

question: who co-wrote the hit song "on and on" in 1984?

answer: Vince Lawrence

text: Vince Lawrence

question: what type of bass synthesizer was a staple of the early house sound?

answer: Roland TB-303

text: Roland TB-303

question: when was player one's "space invaders" released?

answer: 1979


text: The Hellenic languages or Greek language are widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus. Additionally, other varieties of Greek are spoken in small communities in parts of other European counties.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: The

text: Hellenic

text: languages

text: or

text: Greek

text: language

text: are

text: widely

text: spoken

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: part

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: Additionally

text: other

text: varieties

text: of

text: Greek

text: are

text: spoken

text: in

text: small

text: communities

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: other

text: European

text: counties

question: What is another term for Greek?

answer: Hellenic

text: Hellenic

question: Outside of Greece itself, in what other nation is Greek a major language?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus


text: Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Following

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: delegation

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: was

text: reduced

text: from

text: six

text: to

text: five

text: representatives

text: each

text: serving

text: one

text: congressional

text: district

text: For

text: the

text: Congress

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: changes

text: in

text: party

text: strength

text: and

text: the

text: delegation

text: included

text: four

text: Republicans

text: and

text: one

text: Democrat

text: In

text: the

text: Congress

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: U.S.

text: senators

text: were

text: Republicans

text: Jim

text: Inhofe

text: and

text: Tom

text: Coburn

text: and

text: its

text: U.S.

text: Representatives

text: were

text: John

text: Sullivan

text: R

text: Dan

text: Boren

text: D

text: Frank

text: D.

text: Lucas

text: R

text: Tom

text: Cole

text: R

text: and

text: James

text: Lankford

text: R

question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have before the 2000 census?

answer: six

text: six

question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many of Oklahoma's House reps were Republican in 2012?

answer: four

text: four

question: Who are Oklahoma's US Senators?

answer: Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn

text: Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn

question: What political party are Oklahoma's US Senators?

answer: Republicans

text: Republicans


text: The changes were accompanied by violent turmoil which included the trial and execution of the king, vast bloodshed and repression during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power. Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of the monarchy, and two additional revolutions as modern France took shape. In the following century, France would be governed at one point or another as a republic, constitutional monarchy, and two different empires.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: changes

text: were

text: accompanied

text: by

text: violent

text: turmoil

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: trial

text: and

text: execution

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: vast

text: bloodshed

text: and

text: repression

text: during

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: and

text: warfare

text: involving

text: every

text: other

text: major

text: European

text: power

text: Subsequent

text: events

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: Revolution

text: include

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: two

text: separate

text: restorations

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: two

text: additional

text: revolutions

text: as

text: modern

text: France

text: took

text: shape

text: In

text: the

text: following

text: century

text: France

text: would

text: be

text: governed

text: at

text: one

text: point

text: or

text: another

text: as

text: a

text: republic

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: and

text: two

text: different

text: empires

question: What happened to the king after the trial?

answer: execution of the king

text: execution of the king

question: Who else was involved in the warfare?

answer: every other major European power.

text: every other major European power.

question: name an event that can be contributed to the revolution.

answer: the Napoleonic Wars

text: the Napoleonic Wars


text: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and German, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Although

text: the

text: Estonian

text: and

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: are

text: of

text: very

text: different

text: origins

text: one

text: can

text: identify

text: many

text: similar

text: words

text: in

text: Estonian

text: and

text: German

text: for

text: example

text: This

text: is

text: primarily

text: because

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: has

text: borrowed

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: its

text: vocabulary

text: from

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: mainly

text: from

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: Middle

text: Low

text: German

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: German

text: rule

text: and

text: High

text: German

text: including

text: standard

text: German

text: The

text: percentage

text: of

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: and

text: High

text: German

text: loanwords

text: can

text: be

text: estimated

text: at

text: percent

text: with

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: making

text: up

text: about

text: percent

question: What language does Estonian share similar words with?

answer: Germanic

text: Germanic

question: What proportion of vocabulary did Estonia borrow from Germany?

answer: nearly one third

text: nearly one third

question: What standard language did Estonia adopt during German rule?

answer: High German

text: High German

question: What percentage of the Estonia language includes Low Saxon words?

answer: about 15 percent

text: about 15 percent


text: Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is 6.8 inches (17.3 cm). Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when 6.8 in (17.3 cm) of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to 18 in (36 to 46 cm). Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F (0 °C), causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 feet (1.8 m) in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is 20.0 in (51 cm) on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to 67.5 in (171 cm) in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing 57.2 in (145 cm) of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: typically

text: receives

text: some

text: snowfall

text: on

text: an

text: annual

text: basis

text: but

text: heavy

text: snow

text: is

text: rare

text: Average

text: annual

text: snowfall

text: as

text: measured

text: at

text: Sea

text: Tac

text: Airport

text: is

text: inches

text: cm

text: Single

text: calendar

text: day

text: snowfall

text: of

text: six

text: inches

text: or

text: greater

text: has

text: occurred

text: on

text: only

text: days

text: since

text: and

text: only

text: once

text: since

text: February

text: when

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: officially

text: fell

text: at

text: Sea

text: Tac

text: airport

text: on

text: January

text: This

text: moderate

text: snow

text: event

text: was

text: officially

text: the

text: snowiest

text: calendar

text: day

text: at

text: the

text: airport

text: since

text: and

text: snowiest

text: since

text: November

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Seattle

text: proper

text: received

text: somewhat

text: lesser

text: snowfall

text: accumulations

text: Locations

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Seattle

text: received

text: more

text: with

text: Olympia

text: and

text: Chehalis

text: receiving

text: to

text: in

text: to

text: cm

text: Another

text: moderate

text: snow

text: event

text: occurred

text: from

text: December

text: when

text: over

text: one

text: foot

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: fell

text: and

text: stuck

text: on

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: roads

text: over

text: those

text: two

text: weeks

text: when

text: temperatures

text: remained

text: below

text: F

text: C

text: causing

text: widespread

text: difficulties

text: in

text: a

text: city

text: not

text: equipped

text: for

text: clearing

text: snow

text: The

text: largest

text: documented

text: snowstorm

text: occurred

text: from

text: January

text: with

text: snow

text: drifting

text: to

text: feet

text: m

text: in

text: places

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: snow

text: event

text: From

text: January

text: to

text: February

text: another

text: heavy

text: snow

text: event

text: occurred

text: with

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: event

text: was

text: over

text: With

text: official

text: records

text: dating

text: to

text: the

text: largest

text: single

text: day

text: snowfall

text: is

text: in

text: cm

text: on

text: January

text: Seasonal

text: snowfall

text: has

text: ranged

text: from

text: zero

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: cm

text: in

text: with

text: trace

text: amounts

text: having

text: occurred

text: as

text: recently

text: as

text: The

text: month

text: of

text: January

text: was

text: particularly

text: severe

text: bringing

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: any

text: month

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: record

text: cold

question: What type of snowfall is not often seen in Seattle?

answer: heavy snow

text: heavy snow

question: What is the usual average snowfall in Seattle?

answer: 6.8 inches

text: 6.8 inches

question: How many times has snowfall been reported at more than 6 inches since 1990?

answer: once

text: once

question: When was there a moderate snowfall  of over one foot that lasted on the ground two weeks?

answer: December 12–25, 2008

text: December 12–25, 2008

question: On what dates did Seattle experience a snow event of 6 feet?

answer: January 5–9, 1880

text: January 5–9, 1880


text: From 1990 to 2005, Manuel Fraga, former minister and ambassador in the Franco dictature, presided over the Galician autonomous government, the Xunta de Galicia. Fraga was associated with the Partido Popular ('People's Party', Spain's main national conservative party) since its founding. In 2002, when the oil tanker Prestige sank and covered the Galician coast in oil, Fraga was accused by the grassroots movement Nunca Mais ("Never again") of having been unwilling to react. In the 2005 Galician elections, the 'People's Party' lost its absolute majority, though remaining (barely) the largest party in the parliament, with 43% of the total votes. As a result, power passed to a coalition of the Partido dos Socialistas de Galicia (PSdeG) ('Galician Socialists' Party'), a federal sister-party of Spain's main social-democratic party, the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE, 'Spanish Socialist Workers Party') and the nationalist Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG). As the senior partner in the new coalition, the PSdeG nominated its leader, Emilio Perez Touriño, to serve as Galicia's new president, with Anxo Quintana, the leader of BNG, as its vice president.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: From

text: to

text: Manuel

text: Fraga

text: former

text: minister

text: and

text: ambassador

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: dictature

text: presided

text: over

text: the

text: Galician

text: autonomous

text: government

text: the

text: Xunta

text: de

text: Galicia

text: Fraga

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Partido

text: Popular

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: Spain

text: 's

text: main

text: national

text: conservative

text: party

text: since

text: its

text: founding

text: In

text: when

text: the

text: oil

text: tanker

text: Prestige

text: sank

text: and

text: covered

text: the

text: Galician

text: coast

text: in

text: oil

text: Fraga

text: was

text: accused

text: by

text: the

text: grassroots

text: movement

text: Nunca

text: Mais

text: Never

text: again

text: of

text: having

text: been

text: unwilling

text: to

text: react

text: In

text: the

text: Galician

text: elections

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: lost

text: its

text: absolute

text: majority

text: though

text: remaining

text: barely

text: the

text: largest

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: parliament

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: votes

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: power

text: passed

text: to

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: the

text: Partido

text: dos

text: Socialistas

text: de

text: Galicia

text: PSdeG

text: Galician

text: Socialists

text: Party

text: a

text: federal

text: sister

text: party

text: of

text: Spain

text: 's

text: main

text: social

text: democratic

text: party

text: the

text: Partido

text: Socialista

text: Obrero

text: Español

text: PSOE

text: Spanish

text: Socialist

text: Workers

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: nationalist

text: Bloque

text: Nacionalista

text: Galego

text: BNG

text: As

text: the

text: senior

text: partner

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: coalition

text: the

text: PSdeG

text: nominated

text: its

text: leader

text: Emilio

text: Perez

text: Touriño

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Galicia

text: 's

text: new

text: president

text: with

text: Anxo

text: Quintana

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: BNG

text: as

text: its

text: vice

text: president

question: Which former minister under Franco's rule headed the autonomous government  from 1990 to 2005?

answer: Manuel Fraga

text: Manuel Fraga

question: Which political party did he belong to?

answer: Partido Popular

text: Partido Popular

question: The sinking of which oil tanker precipitated the downfall of that party's rule?

answer: Prestige

text: Prestige

question: Power then passed a political coalition headed by who?

answer: Anxo Quintana

text: Anxo Quintana


text: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: The

text: oil

text: embargo

text: and

text: energy

text: crisis

text: caused

text: a

text: reorganization

text: of

text: energy

text: policies

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: brought

text: renewed

text: attention

text: to

text: developing

text: solar

text: technologies

text: Deployment

text: strategies

text: focused

text: on

text: incentive

text: programs

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Federal

text: Photovoltaic

text: Utilization

text: Program

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: Sunshine

text: Program

text: in

text: Japan

text: Other

text: efforts

text: included

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: research

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: SERI

text: now

text: NREL

text: Japan

text: NEDO

text: and

text: Germany

text: Fraunhofer

text: Institute

text: for

text: Solar

text: Energy

text: Systems

text: ISE

question: The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?

answer: 1973

question: What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?

answer: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis

text: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis

question: What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?

answer: the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan

text: the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan

question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?

answer: SERI, now NREL

text: SERI, now NREL

question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?

answer: NEDO

text: NEDO

question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?

answer: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

text: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE


text: The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: Suez

text: crisis

text: and

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: Eden

text: 's

text: successor

text: led

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: personal

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: In

text: a

text: magazine

text: which

text: he

text: owned

text: and

text: edited

text: Lord

text: Altrincham

text: accused

text: her

text: of

text: being

text: out

text: of

text: touch

text: Altrincham

text: was

text: denounced

text: by

text: public

text: figures

text: and

text: slapped

text: by

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: appalled

text: by

text: his

text: comments

text: Six

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: Macmillan

text: resigned

text: and

text: advised

text: the

text: Queen

text: to

text: appoint

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Home

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

text: advice

text: that

text: she

text: followed

text: The

text: Queen

text: again

text: came

text: under

text: criticism

text: for

text: appointing

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: ministers

text: or

text: a

text: single

text: minister

text: In

text: the

text: Conservatives

text: adopted

text: a

text: formal

text: mechanism

text: for

text: electing

text: a

text: leader

text: thus

text: relieving

text: her

text: of

text: involvement

question: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?

answer: Suez crisis

text: Suez crisis

question: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?

answer: out of touch

text: out of touch

question: When did Macmillan resign?

answer: 1963

question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?

answer: Earl of Home

text: Earl of Home

question: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?

answer: 1965


text: Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member acting on his own, he cracked down on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office, officially becoming president in June 1956.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: Hussein

text: Arabic

text: جمال

text: عبد

text: الناصر

text: حسين

text: IPA

text: ɡæˈmæːl

text: ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ

text: ħeˈseːn

text: January

text: September

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: President

text: of

text: Egypt

text: serving

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Nasser

text: led

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: introduced

text: far

text: reaching

text: land

text: reforms

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: Following

text: a

text: attempt

text: on

text: his

text: life

text: by

text: a

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: member

text: acting

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: he

text: cracked

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: organization

text: put

text: President

text: Muhammad

text: Naguib

text: under

text: house

text: arrest

text: and

text: assumed

text: executive

text: office

text: officially

text: becoming

text: president

text: in

text: June

question: What number president of Egypt was Nasser?

answer: second

text: second

question: What organization attempted to assassinate Nasser?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood

question: In what year did Nasser become president?

answer: 1956

question: In what year did Nasser die?

answer: 1970

question: What type of government did Nasser overthrow?

answer: monarchy

text: monarchy


text: As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: Ethnologue

text: estimates

text: there

text: are

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: the

text: largest

text: amongst

text: them

text: being

text: Persian

text: Pashto

text: Kurdish

text: and

text: Balochi

question: How many different Iranian languages exist?

answer: 86


text: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: According

text: to

text: archaeologists

text: and

text: anthropologists

text: the

text: earliest

text: clothing

text: likely

text: consisted

text: of

text: fur

text: leather

text: leaves

text: or

text: grass

text: that

text: were

text: draped

text: wrapped

text: or

text: tied

text: around

text: the

text: body

text: Knowledge

text: of

text: such

text: clothing

text: remains

text: inferential

text: since

text: clothing

text: materials

text: deteriorate

text: quickly

text: compared

text: to

text: stone

text: bone

text: shell

text: and

text: metal

text: artifacts

text: Archeologists

text: have

text: identified

text: very

text: early

text: sewing

text: needles

text: of

text: bone

text: and

text: ivory

text: from

text: about

text: BC

text: found

text: near

text: Kostenki

text: Russia

text: in

text: Dyed

text: flax

text: fibers

text: that

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: clothing

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: prehistoric

text: cave

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Georgia

text: that

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: BP

question: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?

answer: tied around

text: tied around

question: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?

answer: deteriorate

text: deteriorate

question: Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?

answer: Archeologists

text: Archeologists

question: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?

answer: a prehistoric cave

text: a prehistoric cave

question: What dates back to 36,000 BP?

answer: Dyed flax fibers

text: Dyed flax fibers


text: The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour. Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer. If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly "Gram-positive" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall. MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks. In nature, the bacterium can grow only within the cells of a host organism, but M. tuberculosis can be cultured in the laboratory.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: The

text: main

text: cause

text: of

text: TB

text: is

text: Mycobacterium

text: tuberculosis

text: a

text: small

text: aerobic

text: nonmotile

text: bacillus

text: The

text: high

text: lipid

text: content

text: of

text: this

text: pathogen

text: accounts

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: unique

text: clinical

text: characteristics

text: It

text: divides

text: every

text: to

text: hours

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: slow

text: rate

text: compared

text: with

text: other

text: bacteria

text: which

text: usually

text: divide

text: in

text: less

text: than

text: an

text: hour

text: Mycobacteria

text: have

text: an

text: outer

text: membrane

text: lipid

text: bilayer

text: If

text: a

text: Gram

text: stain

text: is

text: performed

text: MTB

text: either

text: stains

text: very

text: weakly

text: Gram

text: positive

text: or

text: does

text: not

text: retain

text: dye

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: high

text: lipid

text: and

text: mycolic

text: acid

text: content

text: of

text: its

text: cell

text: wall

text: MTB

text: can

text: withstand

text: weak

text: disinfectants

text: and

text: survive

text: in

text: a

text: dry

text: state

text: for

text: weeks

text: In

text: nature

text: the

text: bacterium

text: can

text: grow

text: only

text: within

text: the

text: cells

text: of

text: a

text: host

text: organism

text: but

text: M.

text: tuberculosis

text: can

text: be

text: cultured

text: in

text: the

text: laboratory

question: The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule?

answer: lipid

text: lipid

question: Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria?

answer: slow

text: slow

question: In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow?

answer: a host organism

text: a host organism

question: How long is the period between division of MTB cells?

answer: 16 to 20 hours

text: 16 to 20 hours

question: How much time does it take most bacteria to divide?

answer: less than an hour

text: less than an hour


text: Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ( listen)) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Russian

text: ру́сский

text: язы́к

text: russkiy

text: yazyk

text: pronounced

text: ˈruskʲɪj

text: jɪˈzɨk

text: listen

text: is

text: an

text: East

text: Slavic

text: language

text: and

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Russia

text: Belarus

text: Kazakhstan

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: many

text: minor

text: or

text: unrecognised

text: territories

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: unofficial

text: but

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: the

text: other

text: countries

text: that

text: were

text: once

text: constituent

text: republics

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: former

text: participants

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: Russian

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: living

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: Written

text: examples

text: of

text: Old

text: East

text: Slavonic

text: are

text: attested

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

question: What language sub-family is Russian in?

answer: East Slavic

text: East Slavic

question: Where is Russian an official language?

answer: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories

text: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories

question: Where is Russian popular but not an official language?

answer: Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia

text: Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia

question: How many living East Slavic languages are there?

answer: three

text: three

question: When was the earliest writing in Old East Slavonic?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century