text: The U.S. Navy, by contrast, relied on commerce raiding from the outset. However, the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines, during the early part of 1942, led to diversion of boats to "guerrilla submarine" missions. As well, basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while en route to patrol areas, reducing their effectiveness, and Nimitz relied on submarines for close surveillance of enemy bases. Furthermore, the standard-issue Mark 14 torpedo and its Mark VI exploder both proved defective, problems which were not corrected until September 1943. Worst of all, before the war, an uninformed US Customs officer had seized a copy of the Japanese merchant marine code (called the "maru code" in the USN), not knowing that the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) had broken it. The Japanese promptly changed it, and the new code was not broken again by OP-20G until 1943.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: by

text: contrast

text: relied

text: on

text: commerce

text: raiding

text: from

text: the

text: outset

text: However

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: Allied

text: forces

text: surrounded

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: led

text: to

text: diversion

text: of

text: boats

text: to

text: guerrilla

text: submarine

text: missions

text: As

text: well

text: basing

text: in

text: Australia

text: placed

text: boats

text: under

text: Japanese

text: aerial

text: threat

text: while

text: en

text: route

text: to

text: patrol

text: areas

text: reducing

text: their

text: effectiveness

text: and

text: Nimitz

text: relied

text: on

text: submarines

text: for

text: close

text: surveillance

text: of

text: enemy

text: bases

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: standard

text: issue

text: Mark

text: torpedo

text: and

text: its

text: Mark

text: VI

text: exploder

text: both

text: proved

text: defective

text: problems

text: which

text: were

text: not

text: corrected

text: until

text: September

text: Worst

text: of

text: all

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: an

text: uninformed

text: US

text: Customs

text: officer

text: had

text: seized

text: a

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: merchant

text: marine

text: code

text: called

text: the

text: maru

text: code

text: in

text: the

text: USN

text: not

text: knowing

text: that

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Naval

text: Intelligence

text: ONI

text: had

text: broken

text: it

text: The

text: Japanese

text: promptly

text: changed

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: code

text: was

text: not

text: broken

text: again

text: by

text: G

text: until

question: What did the US Navy rely on?

answer: commerce raiding

text: commerce raiding

question: What led to guerrilla submarine missions in early 1942?

answer: Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines

text: Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines

question: What did Admiral Nimitze rely on submarines for?

answer: close surveillance of enemy bases

text: close surveillance of enemy bases

question: When were the defective torpedo problems of the US Navy corrected?

answer: September 1943

text: September 1943

question: What was the "maru code"?

answer: Japanese merchant marine code

text: Japanese merchant marine code


text: The team's commitment to contend was complete when Green made a midseason deal on June 15 to shore up the starting rotation due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (5–5) and Sanderson. The deal brought 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher Rick Sutcliffe from the Cleveland Indians. Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs at the time) and center fielder Mel Hall were sent to Cleveland for Sutcliffe and back-up catcher Ron Hassey (.333 with Cubs in 1984). Sutcliffe (5–5 with the Indians) immediately joined Sanderson (8–5 3.14), Eckersley (10–8 3.03), Steve Trout (13–7 3.41) and Dick Ruthven (6–10 5.04) in the starting rotation. Sutcliffe proceeded to go 16–1 for Cubs and capture the Cy Young Award.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: team

text: 's

text: commitment

text: to

text: contend

text: was

text: complete

text: when

text: Green

text: made

text: a

text: midseason

text: deal

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: shore

text: up

text: the

text: starting

text: rotation

text: due

text: to

text: injuries

text: to

text: Rick

text: Reuschel

text: and

text: Sanderson

text: The

text: deal

text: brought

text: NL

text: Rookie

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: pitcher

text: Rick

text: Sutcliffe

text: from

text: the

text: Cleveland

text: Indians

text: Joe

text: Carter

text: who

text: was

text: with

text: the

text: Triple

text: A

text: Iowa

text: Cubs

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: center

text: fielder

text: Mel

text: Hall

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: Cleveland

text: for

text: Sutcliffe

text: and

text: back

text: up

text: catcher

text: Ron

text: Hassey

text: with

text: Cubs

text: in

text: Sutcliffe

text: with

text: the

text: Indians

text: immediately

text: joined

text: Sanderson

text: Eckersley

text: Steve

text: Trout

text: and

text: Dick

text: Ruthven

text: in

text: the

text: starting

text: rotation

text: Sutcliffe

text: proceeded

text: to

text: go

text: for

text: Cubs

text: and

text: capture

text: the

text: Cy

text: Young

text: Award

question: When did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?

answer: June 15

text: June 15

question: Why did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?

answer: due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (5–5) and Sanderson

text: due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (5–5) and Sanderson

question: Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher?

answer: Rick Sutcliffe

text: Rick Sutcliffe

question: Where had Rick Sutcliffe been before moving to the Cubs?

answer: the Cleveland Indians

text: the Cleveland Indians


text: In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and Polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelor's, master's and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—Level 9 of the National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)—for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: countries

text: like

text: Iran

text: Finland

text: Malaysia

text: Portugal

text: Singapore

text: or

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: a

text: significant

text: and

text: confused

text: distinction

text: between

text: polytechnics

text: and

text: universities

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: a

text: binary

text: system

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: emerged

text: consisting

text: of

text: universities

text: research

text: orientation

text: and

text: Polytechnics

text: engineering

text: and

text: applied

text: science

text: and

text: professional

text: practice

text: orientation

text: Polytechnics

text: offered

text: university

text: equivalent

text: degrees

text: from

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: master

text: 's

text: and

text: PhD

text: that

text: were

text: validated

text: and

text: governed

text: at

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: by

text: the

text: independent

text: UK

text: Council

text: for

text: National

text: Academic

text: Awards

text: In

text: UK

text: Polytechnics

text: were

text: designated

text: as

text: universities

text: which

text: meant

text: they

text: could

text: award

text: their

text: own

text: degrees

text: The

text: CNAA

text: was

text: disbanded

text: The

text: UK

text: 's

text: first

text: polytechnic

text: the

text: Royal

text: Polytechnic

text: Institution

text: now

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Westminster

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Regent

text: Street

text: London

text: In

text: Ireland

text: the

text: term

text: institute

text: of

text: technology

text: is

text: the

text: more

text: favored

text: synonym

text: of

text: a

text: regional

text: technical

text: college

text: though

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: the

text: legally

text: correct

text: term

text: however

text: Dublin

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: is

text: a

text: university

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: name

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: confer

text: degrees

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: law

text: Cork

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: another

text: of

text: other

text: Institutes

text: of

text: Technology

text: have

text: delegated

text: authority

text: from

text: HETAC

text: to

text: make

text: awards

text: to

text: and

text: including

text: master

text: 's

text: degree

text: level

text: Level

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Framework

text: for

text: Qualifications

text: NFQ)—for

text: all

text: areas

text: of

text: study

text: and

text: Doctorate

text: level

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: others

question: In what year were polytechnics in the UK given the university designation?

answer: 1992

question: What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?

answer: University of Westminster

text: University of Westminster

question: What street is the University of Westminster on?

answer: Regent Street

text: Regent Street


text: The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: front

text: page

text: caused

text: outrage

text: in

text: Liverpool

text: where

text: the

text: paper

text: lost

text: more

text: than

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: its

text: estimated

text: daily

text: sales

text: and

text: still

text: sells

text: poorly

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: later

text: around

text: It

text: is

text: unavailable

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: many

text: newsagents

text: refuse

text: to

text: stock

text: it

text: It

text: was

text: revealed

text: in

text: a

text: documentary

text: called

text: Alexei

text: Sayle

text: 's

text: Liverpool

text: aired

text: in

text: September

text: that

text: many

text: Liverpudlians

text: will

text: not

text: even

text: take

text: the

text: newspaper

text: for

text: free

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: may

text: simply

text: burn

text: or

text: tear

text: it

text: up

text: Liverpudlians

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: paper

text: as

text: The

text: Scum

text: with

text: campaigners

text: believing

text: it

text: handicapped

text: their

text: fight

text: for

text: justice

question: Where did The sun lose a large portion of its daily sales as a result of the front page?

answer: Liverpool

text: Liverpool

question: What were the estimated daily sales in Liverpool 25 years later?

answer: around 12,000

text: around 12,000

question: What documentary aired in 2008?

answer: Alexei Sayle's Liverpool

text: Alexei Sayle's Liverpool

question: What do many Liverpool residents do with the paper even if given to them free?

answer: simply burn or tear it up

text: simply burn or tear it up

question: What name have Liverpool residents given to The Sun?

answer: The Scum'

text: The Scum'


text: Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted air, the costs of acid rain damage, and the costs of climate disruption would encourage investment in renewable technologies. Several Western European countries are already shifting taxes in a process known there as environmental tax reform.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Tax

text: shifting

text: has

text: been

text: widely

text: discussed

text: and

text: endorsed

text: by

text: economists

text: It

text: involves

text: lowering

text: income

text: taxes

text: while

text: raising

text: levies

text: on

text: environmentally

text: destructive

text: activities

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: more

text: responsive

text: market

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: tax

text: on

text: coal

text: that

text: included

text: the

text: increased

text: health

text: care

text: costs

text: associated

text: with

text: breathing

text: polluted

text: air

text: the

text: costs

text: of

text: acid

text: rain

text: damage

text: and

text: the

text: costs

text: of

text: climate

text: disruption

text: would

text: encourage

text: investment

text: in

text: renewable

text: technologies

text: Several

text: Western

text: European

text: countries

text: are

text: already

text: shifting

text: taxes

text: in

text: a

text: process

text: known

text: there

text: as

text: environmental

text: tax

text: reform

question: What involves lowering income taxes while raising levies?

answer: Tax shifting

text: Tax shifting

question: Several Western European companies are shifting taxes in a process known as what?

answer: environmental tax reform

text: environmental tax reform

question: What is the purpose of tax shifting?

answer: to create a more responsive market

text: to create a more responsive market


text: Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish in June 1940.:35 The programme favoured backyard Anderson shelters and small brick surface shelters; many of the latter were soon abandoned in 1940 as unsafe. In addition, authorities expected that the raids would be brief and during the day. Few predicted that attacks by night would force Londoners to sleep in shelters.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Much

text: civil

text: defence

text: preparation

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: shelters

text: was

text: left

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: local

text: authorities

text: and

text: many

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Birmingham

text: Coventry

text: Belfast

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: End

text: of

text: London

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: enough

text: shelters

text: The

text: Phoney

text: War

text: however

text: and

text: the

text: unexpected

text: delay

text: of

text: civilian

text: bombing

text: permitted

text: the

text: shelter

text: programme

text: to

text: finish

text: in

text: June

text: The

text: programme

text: favoured

text: backyard

text: Anderson

text: shelters

text: and

text: small

text: brick

text: surface

text: shelters

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: were

text: soon

text: abandoned

text: in

text: as

text: unsafe

text: In

text: addition

text: authorities

text: expected

text: that

text: the

text: raids

text: would

text: be

text: brief

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: Few

text: predicted

text: that

text: attacks

text: by

text: night

text: would

text: force

text: Londoners

text: to

text: sleep

text: in

text: shelters

question: What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle?

answer: shelters

text: shelters

question: What year did the shelter program finish?

answer: 1940

question: Why were the shelters soon abandoned in 1940?

answer: unsafe

text: unsafe

question: Why were Londoners forced to sleep in shelters?

answer: attacks by night

text: attacks by night


text: The phenomenon known as "passing as white" is difficult to explain in other countries or to foreign students. Typical questions are: "Shouldn't Americans say that a person who is passing as white is white, or nearly all white, and has previously been passing as black?" or "To be consistent, shouldn't you say that someone who is one-eighth white is passing as black?" ... A person who is one-fourth or less American Indian or Korean or Filipino is not regarded as passing if he or she intermarries with and joins fully the life of the dominant community, so the minority ancestry need not be hidden. ... It is often suggested that the key reason for this is that the physical differences between these other groups and whites are less pronounced than the physical differences between African blacks and whites, and therefore are less threatening to whites. ... [W]hen ancestry in one of these racial minority groups does not exceed one-fourth, a person is not defined solely as a member of that group.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: The

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: passing

text: as

text: white

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: explain

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: or

text: to

text: foreign

text: students

text: Typical

text: questions

text: are

text: Should

text: n't

text: Americans

text: say

text: that

text: a

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: passing

text: as

text: white

text: is

text: white

text: or

text: nearly

text: all

text: white

text: and

text: has

text: previously

text: been

text: passing

text: as

text: black

text: or

text: To

text: be

text: consistent

text: should

text: n't

text: you

text: say

text: that

text: someone

text: who

text: is

text: one

text: eighth

text: white

text: is

text: passing

text: as

text: black

text: A

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: one

text: fourth

text: or

text: less

text: American

text: Indian

text: or

text: Korean

text: or

text: Filipino

text: is

text: not

text: regarded

text: as

text: passing

text: if

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: intermarries

text: with

text: and

text: joins

text: fully

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: dominant

text: community

text: so

text: the

text: minority

text: ancestry

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: hidden

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: key

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: physical

text: differences

text: between

text: these

text: other

text: groups

text: and

text: whites

text: are

text: less

text: pronounced

text: than

text: the

text: physical

text: differences

text: between

text: African

text: blacks

text: and

text: whites

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: less

text: threatening

text: to

text: whites

text: W]hen

text: ancestry

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: racial

text: minority

text: groups

text: does

text: not

text: exceed

text: one

text: fourth

text: a

text: person

text: is

text: not

text: defined

text: solely

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: that

text: group

question: A person is not a member of a racial minority if ancetry does not what?

answer: exceed one-fourth

text: exceed one-fourth

question: Who are consdered to have the most physical differences?

answer: African blacks and whites

text: African blacks and whites

question: What are groups other than blacks considered to be?

answer: less threatening to whites

text: less threatening to whites


text: The League of American Bicyclists gave Tucson a gold rating for bicycle friendliness in late April 2007. Tucson hosts the largest perimeter cycling event in the United States. The ride called "El Tour de Tucson" happens in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving. El Tour de Tucson produced and promoted by Perimeter Bicycling has as many as 10,000 participants from all over the world, annually. Tucson is one of only nine cities in the U.S. to receive a gold rating or higher for cycling friendliness from the League of American Bicyclists. The city is known for its winter cycling opportunities. Both road and mountain biking are popular in and around Tucson with trail areas including Starr Pass and Fantasy Island.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: American

text: Bicyclists

text: gave

text: Tucson

text: a

text: gold

text: rating

text: for

text: bicycle

text: friendliness

text: in

text: late

text: April

text: Tucson

text: hosts

text: the

text: largest

text: perimeter

text: cycling

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: ride

text: called

text: El

text: Tour

text: de

text: Tucson

text: happens

text: in

text: November

text: on

text: the

text: Saturday

text: before

text: Thanksgiving

text: El

text: Tour

text: de

text: Tucson

text: produced

text: and

text: promoted

text: by

text: Perimeter

text: Bicycling

text: has

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: participants

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: annually

text: Tucson

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: nine

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: to

text: receive

text: a

text: gold

text: rating

text: or

text: higher

text: for

text: cycling

text: friendliness

text: from

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: American

text: Bicyclists

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: winter

text: cycling

text: opportunities

text: Both

text: road

text: and

text: mountain

text: biking

text: are

text: popular

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Tucson

text: with

text: trail

text: areas

text: including

text: Starr

text: Pass

text: and

text: Fantasy

text: Island

question: Who said Tucson is bicycle-friendly, in 2007?

answer: The League of American Bicyclists

text: The League of American Bicyclists

question: When does El Tour de Tucson happen?

answer: in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving

text: in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving

question: Who runs El Tour de Tucson?

answer: Perimeter Bicycling

text: Perimeter Bicycling

question: How many people participate in El Tour de Tucson?

answer: as many as 10,000

text: as many as 10,000

question: How many US cities have at least a gold rating for bicycle-friendliness?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: As for Mac OS, System 7 was a 32-bit rewrite from Pascal to C++ that introduced virtual memory and improved the handling of color graphics, as well as memory addressing, networking, and co-operative multitasking. Also during this time, the Macintosh began to shed the "Snow White" design language, along with the expensive consulting fees they were paying to Frogdesign. Apple instead brought the design work in-house by establishing the Apple Industrial Design Group, becoming responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: As

text: for

text: Mac

text: OS

text: System

text: was

text: a

text: rewrite

text: from

text: Pascal

text: to

text: C++

text: that

text: introduced

text: virtual

text: memory

text: and

text: improved

text: the

text: handling

text: of

text: color

text: graphics

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: memory

text: addressing

text: networking

text: and

text: co

text: operative

text: multitasking

text: Also

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: began

text: to

text: shed

text: the

text: Snow

text: White

text: design

text: language

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: expensive

text: consulting

text: fees

text: they

text: were

text: paying

text: to

text: Frogdesign

text: Apple

text: instead

text: brought

text: the

text: design

text: work

text: in

text: house

text: by

text: establishing

text: the

text: Apple

text: Industrial

text: Design

text: Group

text: becoming

text: responsible

text: for

text: crafting

text: a

text: new

text: look

text: for

text: all

text: Apple

text: products

question: Which Mac is known for improving the handling of color graphics?

answer: Mac OS, System 7

text: Mac OS, System 7

question: Who did Apple pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work?

answer: Frogdesign

text: Frogdesign

question: What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house?

answer: the Apple Industrial Design Group

text: the Apple Industrial Design Group

question: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products?

answer: Apple Industrial Design Group

text: Apple Industrial Design Group

question: How did the Mac System 7 improve multitasking?

answer: co-operative multitasking

text: co-operative multitasking


text: After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: After

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: in

text: that

text: two

text: Portuguese

text: banks

text: Banco

text: Português

text: de

text: Negócios

text: BPN

text: and

text: Banco

text: Privado

text: Português

text: BPP

text: had

text: been

text: accumulating

text: losses

text: for

text: years

text: due

text: to

text: bad

text: investments

text: embezzlement

text: and

text: accounting

text: fraud

text: The

text: case

text: of

text: BPN

text: was

text: particularly

text: serious

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: size

text: market

text: share

text: and

text: the

text: political

text: implications

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: then

text: current

text: President

text: Cavaco

text: Silva

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: political

text: allies

text: maintained

text: personal

text: and

text: business

text: relationships

text: with

text: the

text: bank

text: and

text: its

text: CEO

text: who

text: was

text: eventually

text: charged

text: and

text: arrested

text: for

text: fraud

text: and

text: other

text: crimes

text: In

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: avoiding

text: a

text: potentially

text: serious

text: financial

text: crisis

text: in

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: economy

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: government

text: decided

text: to

text: give

text: them

text: a

text: bailout

text: eventually

text: at

text: a

text: future

text: loss

text: to

text: taxpayers

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: people

text: in

text: general

question: In what two years was there a financial crisis?

answer: 2007–08

question: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years?

answer: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)

text: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)

question: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses?

answer: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud

text: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud

question: Why was the case of BPN more serious?

answer: its size, market share, and the political implications

text: its size, market share, and the political implications

question: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested?

answer: fraud

text: fraud


text: Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens:

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Among

text: the

text: vast

text: varieties

text: of

text: microorganisms

text: relatively

text: few

text: cause

text: disease

text: in

text: otherwise

text: healthy

text: individuals

text: Infectious

text: disease

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: interplay

text: between

text: those

text: few

text: pathogens

text: and

text: the

text: defenses

text: of

text: the

text: hosts

text: they

text: infect

text: The

text: appearance

text: and

text: severity

text: of

text: disease

text: resulting

text: from

text: any

text: pathogen

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: that

text: pathogen

text: to

text: damage

text: the

text: host

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: pathogen

text: However

text: a

text: host

text: 's

text: immune

text: system

text: can

text: also

text: cause

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: itself

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: infection

text: Clinicians

text: therefore

text: classify

text: infectious

text: microorganisms

text: or

text: microbes

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: host

text: defenses

text: either

text: as

text: primary

text: pathogens

text: or

text: as

text: opportunistic

text: pathogens

question: Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals?

answer: relatively few

text: relatively few

question: Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what?

answer: Infectious disease

text: Infectious disease

question: What does the severity of a disease resulting from a pathogen depend on?

answer: ability of that pathogen to damage the host

text: ability of that pathogen to damage the host

question: What can a host's immune system do to a host?

answer: cause damage

text: cause damage

question: What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of?

answer: host defenses

text: host defenses


text: Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Significant

text: employers

text: in

text: Southampton

text: include

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: Solent

text: University

text: Southampton

text: Airport

text: Ordnance

text: Survey

text: BBC

text: South

text: the

text: NHS

text: ABP

text: and

text: Carnival

text: UK

text: Southampton

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: RMS

text: Titanic

text: the

text: Spitfire

text: and

text: more

text: generally

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: narrative

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: departure

text: points

text: for

text: D

text: Day

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: port

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cruise

text: ships

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Southampton

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: shopping

text: centre

text: and

text: retail

text: park

text: called

text: WestQuay

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: approved

text: a

text: follow

text: up

text: from

text: the

text: WestQuay

text: park

text: called

text: WestQuay

text: Watermark

text: Construction

text: by

text: Sir

text: Robert

text: McAlpine

text: commenced

text: in

text: January

text: Hammerson

text: the

text: owners

text: of

text: the

text: retail

text: park

text: aim

text: to

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: employed

text: on

text: its

text: premises

text: at

text: year

text: end

question: What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?

answer: WestQuay

text: WestQuay

question: In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?

answer: October

text: October

question: What war is Southampton often associated with?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What company owns WestQuay Watermark?

answer: Hammerson

text: Hammerson

question: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?

answer: 1,550


text: The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft". The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: etymology

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Bern

text: is

text: uncertain

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: legend

text: based

text: on

text: folk

text: etymology

text: Berchtold

text: V

text: Duke

text: of

text: Zähringen

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: vowed

text: to

text: name

text: the

text: city

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: animal

text: he

text: met

text: on

text: the

text: hunt

text: and

text: this

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: bear

text: It

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: considered

text: likely

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: of

text: Verona

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Bern

text: in

text: Middle

text: High

text: German

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: find

text: of

text: the

text: Bern

text: zinc

text: tablet

text: in

text: the

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: more

text: common

text: to

text: assume

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: a

text: pre

text: existing

text: toponym

text: of

text: Celtic

text: origin

text: possibly

text: berna

text: cleft

text: The

text: bear

text: was

text: the

text: heraldic

text: animal

text: of

text: the

text: seal

text: and

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: Bern

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: The

text: earliest

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: keeping

text: of

text: live

text: bears

text: in

text: the

text: Bärengraben

text: dates

text: to

text: the

question: Who was the founder of the city of Bern?

answer: Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen

text: Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen

question: What animal does legend say Bern is named after?

answer: a bear

text: a bear

question: What is the earliest reference to keeping live bears in the Bärengraben?

answer: the 1440s

text: the 1440s

question: What is the common assumption of what Bern was named after?

answer: a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft"

text: a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft"

question: Finding what in the 1980s changed the assumption as to what the city was named after?

answer: the Bern zinc tablet

text: the Bern zinc tablet

question: What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern?

answer: bear

text: bear

question: What live animals did they keep in the Bärengraben?

answer: bears

text: bears

question: What is the earliest that they kept live bears in the Bärengraben?

answer: 1440s.


text: During the Hellenistic period the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. The conquests of Alexander greatly widened the horizons of the Greek world, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant. It led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as modern Afghanistan and Pakistan.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: During

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: Greece

text: proper

text: within

text: the

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: world

text: declined

text: sharply

text: The

text: great

text: centers

text: of

text: Hellenistic

text: culture

text: were

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: Antioch

text: capitals

text: of

text: Ptolemaic

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Seleucid

text: Syria

text: respectively

text: The

text: conquests

text: of

text: Alexander

text: greatly

text: widened

text: the

text: horizons

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: making

text: the

text: endless

text: conflicts

text: between

text: the

text: cities

text: which

text: had

text: marked

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: seem

text: petty

text: and

text: unimportant

text: It

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: steady

text: emigration

text: particularly

text: of

text: the

text: young

text: and

text: ambitious

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: Greek

text: empires

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Many

text: Greeks

text: migrated

text: to

text: Alexandria

text: Antioch

text: and

text: the

text: many

text: other

text: new

text: Hellenistic

text: cities

text: founded

text: in

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: wake

text: as

text: far

text: away

text: as

text: modern

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

question: What was the capital of the Ptolemaic Egypt?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: What was the capital of Seleucid Syria?

answer: Antioch

text: Antioch

question: Alexander and Antioch were centers of what culture?

answer: Hellenistic

text: Hellenistic

question: What leaders conquests widened the horizons of the Greek world?

answer: Alexander

text: Alexander

question: What particular demographic emigrated to the new Greek empires?

answer: young and ambitious

text: young and ambitious


text: Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB. A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication. Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs. It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India. Bedaquiline is tentatively supported for use in multiple drug-resistant TB.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: Primary

text: resistance

text: occurs

text: when

text: a

text: person

text: becomes

text: infected

text: with

text: a

text: resistant

text: strain

text: of

text: TB

text: A

text: person

text: with

text: fully

text: susceptible

text: MTB

text: may

text: develop

text: secondary

text: acquired

text: resistance

text: during

text: therapy

text: because

text: of

text: inadequate

text: treatment

text: not

text: taking

text: the

text: prescribed

text: regimen

text: appropriately

text: lack

text: of

text: compliance

text: or

text: using

text: low

text: quality

text: medication

text: Drug

text: resistant

text: TB

text: is

text: a

text: serious

text: public

text: health

text: issue

text: in

text: many

text: developing

text: countries

text: as

text: its

text: treatment

text: is

text: longer

text: and

text: requires

text: more

text: expensive

text: drugs

text: MDR

text: TB

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: effective

text: first

text: line

text: TB

text: drugs

text: rifampicin

text: and

text: isoniazid

text: Extensively

text: drug

text: resistant

text: TB

text: is

text: also

text: resistant

text: to

text: three

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: classes

text: of

text: second

text: line

text: drugs

text: Totally

text: drug

text: resistant

text: TB

text: is

text: resistant

text: to

text: all

text: currently

text: used

text: drugs

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: observed

text: in

text: in

text: Italy

text: but

text: not

text: widely

text: reported

text: until

text: and

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: India

text: Bedaquiline

text: is

text: tentatively

text: supported

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: multiple

text: drug

text: resistant

text: TB

question: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?

answer: MDR-TB

text: MDR-TB

question: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"?

answer: three

text: three

question: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?

answer: Bedaquiline

text: Bedaquiline

question: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?

answer: Iran

text: Iran


text: Melatonin is absent from the system or undetectably low during daytime. Its onset in dim light, dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), at roughly 21:00 (9 p.m.) can be measured in the blood or the saliva. Its major metabolite can also be measured in morning urine. Both DLMO and the midpoint (in time) of the presence of the hormone in the blood or saliva have been used as circadian markers. However, newer research indicates that the melatonin offset may be the more reliable marker. Benloucif et al. found that melatonin phase markers were more stable and more highly correlated with the timing of sleep than the core temperature minimum. They found that both sleep offset and melatonin offset are more strongly correlated with phase markers than the onset of sleep. In addition, the declining phase of the melatonin levels is more reliable and stable than the termination of melatonin synthesis.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Melatonin

text: is

text: absent

text: from

text: the

text: system

text: or

text: undetectably

text: low

text: during

text: daytime

text: Its

text: onset

text: in

text: dim

text: light

text: dim

text: light

text: melatonin

text: onset

text: DLMO

text: at

text: roughly

text: p.m.

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: or

text: the

text: saliva

text: Its

text: major

text: metabolite

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: measured

text: in

text: morning

text: urine

text: Both

text: DLMO

text: and

text: the

text: midpoint

text: in

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: hormone

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: or

text: saliva

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: circadian

text: markers

text: However

text: newer

text: research

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: melatonin

text: offset

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: more

text: reliable

text: marker

text: Benloucif

text: et

text: al

text: found

text: that

text: melatonin

text: phase

text: markers

text: were

text: more

text: stable

text: and

text: more

text: highly

text: correlated

text: with

text: the

text: timing

text: of

text: sleep

text: than

text: the

text: core

text: temperature

text: minimum

text: They

text: found

text: that

text: both

text: sleep

text: offset

text: and

text: melatonin

text: offset

text: are

text: more

text: strongly

text: correlated

text: with

text: phase

text: markers

text: than

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: sleep

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: declining

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: melatonin

text: levels

text: is

text: more

text: reliable

text: and

text: stable

text: than

text: the

text: termination

text: of

text: melatonin

text: synthesis

question: What chemical is absent or low during daylight?

answer: Melatonin

text: Melatonin

question: When is the melatonin onset?

answer: 9 p.m

text: 9 p.m

question: At its onset, what can be measured in blood or saliva?

answer: Melatonin

text: Melatonin

question: The presence of what is a circadian marker?

answer: hormone

text: hormone

question: What are the more reliable markers in determining sleep timing?

answer: melatonin phase

text: melatonin phase


text: The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: reported

text: that

text: in

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: residents

text: were

text: under

text: and

text: were

text: and

text: over

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: median

text: age

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: residents

text: were

text: under

text: age

text: and

text: were

text: over

text: age

text: Millennials

text: ages

text: through

text: constitute

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: 's

text: population

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: percentage

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: U.S.

text: city

text: The

text: San

text: Diego

text: County

text: regional

text: planning

text: agency

text: SANDAG

text: provides

text: tables

text: and

text: graphs

text: breaking

text: down

text: the

text: city

text: population

text: into

text: age

text: groups

question: What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Diego?

answer: SANDAG

text: SANDAG

question: What percentage of San Diego's population was under the age of 18 in 2000?

answer: 24.0%

question: Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2000?

answer: 65 and over

text: 65 and over

question: In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 35.6?

answer: 2011

question: What percentage of the population in 2011 were millenials?

answer: 27.1%


text: Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Foxconn

text: Apple

text: 's

text: manufacturer

text: initially

text: denied

text: the

text: abuses

text: but

text: when

text: an

text: auditing

text: team

text: from

text: Apple

text: found

text: that

text: workers

text: had

text: been

text: working

text: longer

text: hours

text: than

text: were

text: allowed

text: under

text: Chinese

text: law

text: they

text: promised

text: to

text: prevent

text: workers

text: working

text: more

text: hours

text: than

text: the

text: code

text: allowed

text: Apple

text: hired

text: a

text: workplace

text: standards

text: auditing

text: company

text: Verité

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Electronic

text: Industry

text: Code

text: of

text: Conduct

text: Implementation

text: Group

text: to

text: oversee

text: the

text: measures

text: On

text: December

text: workers

text: at

text: the

text: Foxconn

text: factory

text: in

text: Longhua

text: Shenzhen

text: formed

text: a

text: union

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: All

text: China

text: Federation

text: of

text: Trade

text: Unions

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: approved

text: union

text: umbrella

text: organization

question: Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?

answer: Verité

text: Verité

question: What organization did Apple join to monitor its labor policies?

answer: Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group

text: Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group

question: What company was found to be violating Apple's labor policies?

answer: Foxconn

text: Foxconn

question: Where was the Foxconn plant located?

answer: Longhua, Shenzhen

text: Longhua, Shenzhen

question: What was the name of Apple's manufacturing company that was accused of overworking its employees?

answer: Foxconn

text: Foxconn

question: What auditor company did Apple hire to oversee worker conditions following the controversy?

answer: Verité

text: Verité

question: In what year did Foxconn workers first unionize?

answer: 2006


text: Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternatively to modify wood, for example by adding components to wood, new more advanced products will appear on the marketplace. Moisture content electronic monitoring can also enhance next generation wood protection.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Further

text: developments

text: include

text: new

text: lignin

text: glue

text: applications

text: recyclable

text: food

text: packaging

text: rubber

text: tire

text: replacement

text: applications

text: anti

text: bacterial

text: medical

text: agents

text: and

text: high

text: strength

text: fabrics

text: or

text: composites

text: As

text: scientists

text: and

text: engineers

text: further

text: learn

text: and

text: develop

text: new

text: techniques

text: to

text: extract

text: various

text: components

text: from

text: wood

text: or

text: alternatively

text: to

text: modify

text: wood

text: for

text: example

text: by

text: adding

text: components

text: to

text: wood

text: new

text: more

text: advanced

text: products

text: will

text: appear

text: on

text: the

text: marketplace

text: Moisture

text: content

text: electronic

text: monitoring

text: can

text: also

text: enhance

text: next

text: generation

text: wood

text: protection

question: What could we monitor electronically that could help inform new methods of wood protection?

answer: Moisture content

text: Moisture content

question: Development in the wood manufacturing industry include using lignin to make what substance?

answer: glue

text: glue

question: Instead of rubber, what important part of a car might someday be replaced by components of wood?

answer: tire

text: tire

question: What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?

answer: high strength fabrics

text: high strength fabrics

question: In addition to extracting components from wood, what might scientist do by adding components, for example, to make innovative products?

answer: modify wood

text: modify wood


text: Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: on

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: ceremony

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Cultural

text: Centre

text: in

text: Tsim

text: Sha

text: Tsui

text: Chief

text: Executive

text: Donald

text: Tsang

text: handed

text: the

text: torch

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: torchbearer

text: Olympic

text: medalist

text: Lee

text: Lai

text: Shan

text: The

text: torch

text: relay

text: then

text: traveled

text: through

text: Nathan

text: Road

text: Lantau

text: Link

text: Sha

text: Tin

text: crossed

text: Shing

text: Mun

text: River

text: via

text: a

text: dragon

text: boat

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: never

text: used

text: before

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: relays

text: Victoria

text: Harbour

text: crossed

text: by

text: Tin

text: Hau

text: a

text: VIP

text: vessel

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: Marine

text: Department

text: before

text: ending

text: in

text: Golden

text: Bauhinia

text: Square

text: in

text: Wan

text: Chai

text: A

text: total

text: of

text: torchbearers

text: were

text: selected

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: consisting

text: of

text: celebrities

text: athletes

text: and

text: pro

text: Beijing

text: camp

text: politicians

text: No

text: politicians

text: from

text: the

text: pro

text: democracy

text: camp

text: were

text: selected

text: as

text: torchbearers

text: One

text: torchbearer

text: could

text: not

text: participate

text: due

text: to

text: flight

text: delay

text: It

text: was

text: estimated

text: that

text: more

text: than

text: spectators

text: came

text: out

text: and

text: watched

text: the

text: relay

text: Many

text: enthusiastic

text: supporters

text: wore

text: red

text: shirts

text: and

text: waved

text: large

text: Chinese

text: flags

text: According

text: to

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Chief

text: Secretary

text: for

text: Administration

text: Henry

text: Tang

text: police

text: were

text: deployed

text: to

text: ensure

text: order

question: When did the torch arrive in Hong Kong?

answer: May 2

text: May 2

question: Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong?

answer: Lee Lai Shan

text: Lee Lai Shan

question: Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong?

answer: Hong Kong Cultural Centre

text: Hong Kong Cultural Centre

question: Where did the torch relay end in Hong Kong?

answer: Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai

text: Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai

question: How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong?

answer: 120

question: When was the relay event held in Hong Kong?

answer: May 2.

text: May 2.

question: Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer?

answer: Donald Tsang

text: Donald Tsang

question: What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River?

answer: a dragon boat

text: a dragon boat

question: How many torchbearers carried the torch?

answer: 120

question: The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who?

answer: pro-Beijing camp politicians.

text: pro-Beijing camp politicians.


text: Economic sanctions against Iran, such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil, have affected the economy. Sanctions have led to a steep fall in the value of the rial, and as of April 2013 one US dollar is worth 36,000 rial, compared with 16,000 in early 2012. Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear and sanctions relief deal, the resulting benefits might not be distributed evenly across the Iranian economy as political elites such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have garnered more resources and economic interests.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Economic

text: sanctions

text: against

text: Iran

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: embargo

text: against

text: Iranian

text: crude

text: oil

text: have

text: affected

text: the

text: economy

text: Sanctions

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: steep

text: fall

text: in

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: rial

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: April

text: one

text: US

text: dollar

text: is

text: worth

text: rial

text: compared

text: with

text: in

text: early

text: Following

text: a

text: successful

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: nuclear

text: and

text: sanctions

text: relief

text: deal

text: the

text: resulting

text: benefits

text: might

text: not

text: be

text: distributed

text: evenly

text: across

text: the

text: Iranian

text: economy

text: as

text: political

text: elites

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Revolutionary

text: Guard

text: Corps

text: have

text: garnered

text: more

text: resources

text: and

text: economic

text: interests

question: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in early 2012?

answer: 16,000

question: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in April 2013?

answer: 36,000

question: What year did a nuclear and sanctions relief deal happen for Iran?

answer: 2015

question: What economic sanction against Iranian crude oil has adversely affected the Iranian economy?

answer: embargo

text: embargo

question: What would possibly prevent the even spread of relief benefits from Iran's nuclear and sanctions deal of 2015?

answer: the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

text: the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps


text: When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbox Live Free is included with all SKUs of the console. It allows users to create a user profile, join on message boards, and access Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade and Marketplace and talk to other members. A Live Free account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that have rather limited online functions already, (such as Viva Piñata) or games that feature their own subscription service (e.g. EA Sports games) can be played with a Free account. Xbox Live also supports voice the latter a feature possible with the Xbox Live Vision.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: When

text: the

text: Xbox

text: was

text: released

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: online

text: gaming

text: service

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: was

text: shut

text: down

text: for

text: hours

text: and

text: underwent

text: a

text: major

text: upgrade

text: adding

text: a

text: basic

text: non

text: subscription

text: service

text: called

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Silver

text: later

text: renamed

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Free

text: to

text: its

text: already

text: established

text: premium

text: subscription

text: based

text: service

text: which

text: was

text: renamed

text: Gold

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Free

text: is

text: included

text: with

text: all

text: SKUs

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: It

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: user

text: profile

text: join

text: on

text: message

text: boards

text: and

text: access

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Arcade

text: and

text: Marketplace

text: and

text: talk

text: to

text: other

text: members

text: A

text: Live

text: Free

text: account

text: does

text: not

text: generally

text: support

text: multiplayer

text: gaming

text: however

text: some

text: games

text: that

text: have

text: rather

text: limited

text: online

text: functions

text: already

text: such

text: as

text: Viva

text: Piñata

text: or

text: games

text: that

text: feature

text: their

text: own

text: subscription

text: service

text: e.g.

text: EA

text: Sports

text: games

text: can

text: be

text: played

text: with

text: a

text: Free

text: account

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: also

text: supports

text: voice

text: the

text: latter

text: a

text: feature

text: possible

text: with

text: the

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Vision

question: What was the name of the non-subscription Xbox online gaming service?

answer: Xbox Live Silver

text: Xbox Live Silver

question: What was the "color" name given to the premium version of Xbox Live?

answer: Gold

text: Gold

question: What key feature is not supported by the free version of Live?

answer: multiplayer gaming

text: multiplayer gaming

question: Which popular gaming titles have their own online service outside Xbox Live?

answer: EA Sports games

text: EA Sports games

question: Voice support came online with what feature addition?

answer: Xbox Live Vision

text: Xbox Live Vision


text: The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC–1000 AD), and Mississippian (1000–1600 AD), whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley before Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: The

text: area

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: first

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Paleo

text: Indians

text: nearly

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: cultural

text: groups

text: that

text: inhabited

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: first

text: settlement

text: and

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: European

text: contact

text: are

text: unknown

text: but

text: several

text: distinct

text: cultural

text: phases

text: have

text: been

text: named

text: by

text: archaeologists

text: including

text: Archaic

text: BC

text: Woodland

text: AD

text: and

text: Mississippian

text: AD

text: whose

text: chiefdoms

text: were

text: the

text: cultural

text: predecessors

text: of

text: the

text: Muscogee

text: people

text: who

text: inhabited

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: River

text: Valley

text: before

text: Cherokee

text: migration

text: into

text: the

text: river

text: 's

text: headwaters

question: How many years ago was Tennessee first inhabited by humans?

answer: 12,000

question: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?

answer: 1000–1600 AD

text: 1000–1600 AD

question: Which Native American people are the first group to inhabit Tennessee that we know by name?

answer: Muscogee

text: Muscogee

question: What do archaeologists call the cultural phase of the inhabitants of Tennessee between 1000 BC and 1000 AD?

answer: Woodland

text: Woodland


text: United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that "renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity". In October 2011, he "announced the creation of a high-level group to drum up support for energy access, energy efficiency and greater use of renewable energy. The group is to be co-chaired by Kandeh Yumkella, the chair of UN Energy and director general of the UN Industrial Development Organisation, and Charles Holliday, chairman of Bank of America".

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: United

text: Nations

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Ban

text: Ki

text: moon

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: renewable

text: energy

text: has

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: lift

text: the

text: poorest

text: nations

text: to

text: new

text: levels

text: of

text: prosperity

text: In

text: October

text: he

text: announced

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: group

text: to

text: drum

text: up

text: support

text: for

text: energy

text: access

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: and

text: greater

text: use

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: The

text: group

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: co

text: chaired

text: by

text: Kandeh

text: Yumkella

text: the

text: chair

text: of

text: UN

text: Energy

text: and

text: director

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: Industrial

text: Development

text: Organisation

text: and

text: Charles

text: Holliday

text: chairman

text: of

text: Bank

text: of

text: America

question: Who is United Nations' Secretary-General?

answer: Ban Ki-moon

text: Ban Ki-moon

question: Ban Ki-moon states that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity?

answer: renewable energy

text: renewable energy

question: Who is chair of UN Energy?

answer: Kandeh Yumkella

text: Kandeh Yumkella

question: Who is chairman of Bank of America?

answer: Charles Holliday

text: Charles Holliday


text: Mercury has been smelted from cinnabar for thousands of years. Mercury dissolves many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, to form amalgams (an alloy in a soft paste, or liquid form at ambient temperature). Amalgams have been used since 200 BC in China for plating objects with precious metals, called gilding, such as armor and mirrors. The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor. The amalgam was applied as a paste and then heated until the mercury vaporized, leaving the gold, silver, or tin behind. Mercury was often used in mining, to extract precious metals like gold and silver from their ores.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: Mercury

text: has

text: been

text: smelted

text: from

text: cinnabar

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: Mercury

text: dissolves

text: many

text: metals

text: such

text: as

text: gold

text: silver

text: and

text: tin

text: to

text: form

text: amalgams

text: an

text: alloy

text: in

text: a

text: soft

text: paste

text: or

text: liquid

text: form

text: at

text: ambient

text: temperature

text: Amalgams

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: since

text: BC

text: in

text: China

text: for

text: plating

text: objects

text: with

text: precious

text: metals

text: called

text: gilding

text: such

text: as

text: armor

text: and

text: mirrors

text: The

text: ancient

text: Romans

text: often

text: used

text: mercury

text: tin

text: amalgams

text: for

text: gilding

text: their

text: armor

text: The

text: amalgam

text: was

text: applied

text: as

text: a

text: paste

text: and

text: then

text: heated

text: until

text: the

text: mercury

text: vaporized

text: leaving

text: the

text: gold

text: silver

text: or

text: tin

text: behind

text: Mercury

text: was

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: mining

text: to

text: extract

text: precious

text: metals

text: like

text: gold

text: and

text: silver

text: from

text: their

text: ores

question: What does mercury make most metals do?

answer: dissolves

text: dissolves

question: Since when have Amalgams been used?

answer: 200 BC

text: 200 BC

question: What did ancient Romans use to gild their armor?

answer: mercury-tin amalgams

text: mercury-tin amalgams

question: Gold and silver were extracted from their ores by using?

answer: Mercury

text: Mercury


text: Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing competitive at stake and some rules may be changed or experimented with (such as unlimited substitutions, which allow teams to play younger, less experienced, players, and no cards). Although most friendlies are simply one-off matches arranged by the clubs themselves, in which a certain amount is paid by the challenger club to the incumbent club, some teams do compete in short tournaments, such as the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament. Although these events may involve sponsorship deals and the awarding of a trophy and may even be broadcast on television, there is little prestige attached to them.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: Since

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: league

text: football

text: most

text: club

text: sides

text: play

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: friendlies

text: before

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: each

text: season

text: called

text: pre

text: season

text: friendlies

text: Friendly

text: football

text: matches

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: non

text: competitive

text: and

text: are

text: only

text: used

text: to

text: warm

text: up

text: players

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: season

text: competitive

text: match

text: There

text: is

text: generally

text: nothing

text: competitive

text: at

text: stake

text: and

text: some

text: rules

text: may

text: be

text: changed

text: or

text: experimented

text: with

text: such

text: as

text: unlimited

text: substitutions

text: which

text: allow

text: teams

text: to

text: play

text: younger

text: less

text: experienced

text: players

text: and

text: no

text: cards

text: Although

text: most

text: friendlies

text: are

text: simply

text: one

text: off

text: matches

text: arranged

text: by

text: the

text: clubs

text: themselves

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: is

text: paid

text: by

text: the

text: challenger

text: club

text: to

text: the

text: incumbent

text: club

text: some

text: teams

text: do

text: compete

text: in

text: short

text: tournaments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Cup

text: Teresa

text: Herrera

text: Trophy

text: and

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: Tournament

text: Although

text: these

text: events

text: may

text: involve

text: sponsorship

text: deals

text: and

text: the

text: awarding

text: of

text: a

text: trophy

text: and

text: may

text: even

text: be

text: broadcast

text: on

text: television

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: prestige

text: attached

text: to

text: them

question: When do football clubs still play friendlies?

answer: before the start of each season

text: before the start of each season

question: What type of football matches are non-competitive?

answer: friendlies

text: friendlies

question: What do some friendlies change the rules to make unlimited?

answer: substitutions

text: substitutions

question: What are some examples of friendly short football tournaments?

answer: the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament

text: the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament

question: What do friendly short football tournaments have little of?

answer: prestige

text: prestige


text: The city receives 49.9 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation annually, which is fairly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been 25.8 inches (66 cm), but this varies considerably from year to year. Hurricanes and tropical storms are rare in the New York area, but are not unheard of and always have the potential to strike the area. Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs. The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: receives

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: annually

text: which

text: is

text: fairly

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: Average

text: winter

text: snowfall

text: between

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: inches

text: cm

text: but

text: this

text: varies

text: considerably

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: Hurricanes

text: and

text: tropical

text: storms

text: are

text: rare

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: area

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: unheard

text: of

text: and

text: always

text: have

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: area

text: Hurricane

text: Sandy

text: brought

text: a

text: destructive

text: storm

text: surge

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: on

text: the

text: evening

text: of

text: October

text: flooding

text: numerous

text: streets

text: tunnels

text: and

text: subway

text: lines

text: in

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: and

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: cutting

text: off

text: electricity

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: The

text: storm

text: and

text: its

text: profound

text: impacts

text: have

text: prompted

text: the

text: discussion

text: of

text: constructing

text: seawalls

text: and

text: other

text: coastal

text: barriers

text: around

text: the

text: shorelines

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: to

text: minimize

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: destructive

text: consequences

text: from

text: another

text: such

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: future

question: In millimeters, how much precipitation does New York receive a year?

answer: 1,270

question: In centimeters, what is the average winter snowfall?

answer: 66

question: When did Hurricane Sandy strike New York?

answer: October 29, 2012

text: October 29, 2012

question: How many inches of precipitation does NYC get in a year?

answer: 49.9

question: Which natural disaster occurred on October 29, 2012 in NYC?

answer: Hurricane Sandy

text: Hurricane Sandy

question: The mean snowfall between 1981 and 2010 in NYC has been how many inches?

answer: 25.8


text: Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter to couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic field. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves which carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss. Radio transmitters and receivers are used to convey signals (information) in systems including broadcast (audio) radio, television, mobile telephones, Wi-Fi (WLAN) data networks, trunk lines and point-to-point communications links (telephone, data networks), satellite links, many remote controlled devices such as garage door openers, and wireless remote sensors, among many others. Radio waves are also used directly for measurements in technologies including radar, GPS, and radio astronomy. In each and every case, the transmitters and receivers involved require antennas, although these are sometimes hidden (such as the antenna inside an AM radio or inside a laptop computer equipped with Wi-Fi).

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Antennas

text: are

text: required

text: by

text: any

text: radio

text: receiver

text: or

text: transmitter

text: to

text: couple

text: its

text: electrical

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: field

text: Radio

text: waves

text: are

text: electromagnetic

text: waves

text: which

text: carry

text: signals

text: through

text: the

text: air

text: or

text: through

text: space

text: at

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: with

text: almost

text: no

text: transmission

text: loss

text: Radio

text: transmitters

text: and

text: receivers

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: convey

text: signals

text: information

text: in

text: systems

text: including

text: broadcast

text: audio

text: radio

text: television

text: mobile

text: telephones

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: WLAN

text: data

text: networks

text: trunk

text: lines

text: and

text: point

text: to

text: point

text: communications

text: links

text: telephone

text: data

text: networks

text: satellite

text: links

text: many

text: remote

text: controlled

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: garage

text: door

text: openers

text: and

text: wireless

text: remote

text: sensors

text: among

text: many

text: others

text: Radio

text: waves

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: directly

text: for

text: measurements

text: in

text: technologies

text: including

text: radar

text: GPS

text: and

text: radio

text: astronomy

text: In

text: each

text: and

text: every

text: case

text: the

text: transmitters

text: and

text: receivers

text: involved

text: require

text: antennas

text: although

text: these

text: are

text: sometimes

text: hidden

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: antenna

text: inside

text: an

text: AM

text: radio

text: or

text: inside

text: a

text: laptop

text: computer

text: equipped

text: with

text: Wi

text: Fi

question: What is essential for the mating of the elements that create radio waves?

answer: Antennas

text: Antennas

question: How fast are signals produced by antenna transmitted?

answer: speed of light

text: speed of light

question: What is one system that uses electromagnetic waves?

answer: mobile telephones

text: mobile telephones

question: What mobile locator and direction finder technology takes advantage of radio waves?

answer: GPS

text: GPS

question: What often inconspicuous part of a laptop computer allows for internet usage?

answer: antennas

text: antennas


text: One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A minority (including Jean-Jacques Rousseau) interpreted The Prince as a satire meant to be given to the Medici after their recapture of Florence and their subsequent expulsion of Machiavelli from Florence. Though the work was written for the di Medici family in order to perhaps influence them to free him from exile, Machiavelli supported the Republic of Florence rather than the oligarchy of the di Medici family. At any rate, Machiavelli presents a pragmatic and somewhat consequentialist view of politics, whereby good and evil are mere means used to bring about an end—i.e., the secure and powerful state. Thomas Hobbes, well known for his theory of the social contract, goes on to expand this view at the start of the 17th century during the English Renaissance. Although neither Machiavelli nor Hobbes believed in the divine right of kings, they both believed in the inherent selfishness of the individual. It was necessarily this belief that led them to adopt a strong central power as the only means of preventing the disintegration of the social order.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: works

text: during

text: this

text: burgeoning

text: period

text: was

text: Niccolò

text: Machiavelli

text: 's

text: The

text: Prince

text: written

text: between

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: after

text: Machiavelli

text: 's

text: death

text: That

text: work

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: The

text: Discourses

text: a

text: rigorous

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: did

text: much

text: to

text: influence

text: modern

text: political

text: thought

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: A

text: minority

text: including

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: interpreted

text: The

text: Prince

text: as

text: a

text: satire

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: Medici

text: after

text: their

text: recapture

text: of

text: Florence

text: and

text: their

text: subsequent

text: expulsion

text: of

text: Machiavelli

text: from

text: Florence

text: Though

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: di

text: Medici

text: family

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: perhaps

text: influence

text: them

text: to

text: free

text: him

text: from

text: exile

text: Machiavelli

text: supported

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Florence

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: oligarchy

text: of

text: the

text: di

text: Medici

text: family

text: At

text: any

text: rate

text: Machiavelli

text: presents

text: a

text: pragmatic

text: and

text: somewhat

text: consequentialist

text: view

text: of

text: politics

text: whereby

text: good

text: and

text: evil

text: are

text: mere

text: means

text: used

text: to

text: bring

text: about

text: an

text: end

text: i.e

text: the

text: secure

text: and

text: powerful

text: state

text: Thomas

text: Hobbes

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: theory

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: contract

text: goes

text: on

text: to

text: expand

text: this

text: view

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: during

text: the

text: English

text: Renaissance

text: Although

text: neither

text: Machiavelli

text: nor

text: Hobbes

text: believed

text: in

text: the

text: divine

text: right

text: of

text: kings

text: they

text: both

text: believed

text: in

text: the

text: inherent

text: selfishness

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: It

text: was

text: necessarily

text: this

text: belief

text: that

text: led

text: them

text: to

text: adopt

text: a

text: strong

text: central

text: power

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: means

text: of

text: preventing

text: the

text: disintegration

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: order

question: What was one of the most influential works during the period?

answer: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince

text: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince

question: When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published?

answer: 1532

question: Who wrote The  Prince?

answer: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Niccolò Machiavelli

question: Who was well known for his theory of the social contract?

answer: Thomas Hobbes

text: Thomas Hobbes


text: Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets. His flag-draped coffin was attached to a gun carriage pulled by six horses and led by a column of cavalrymen. All Arab heads of state attended, with the exception of Saudi King Faisal. King Hussein and Arafat cried openly, and Muammar Gaddafi of Libya fainted from emotional distress twice. A few major non-Arab dignitaries were present, including Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and French Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Following

text: the

text: announcement

text: of

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: death

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: were

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: shock

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: funeral

text: procession

text: through

text: Cairo

text: on

text: October

text: was

text: attended

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: five

text: million

text: mourners

text: The

text: mi

text: procession

text: to

text: his

text: burial

text: site

text: began

text: at

text: the

text: old

text: RCC

text: headquarters

text: with

text: a

text: flyover

text: by

text: jets

text: His

text: flag

text: draped

text: coffin

text: was

text: attached

text: to

text: a

text: gun

text: carriage

text: pulled

text: by

text: six

text: horses

text: and

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: column

text: of

text: cavalrymen

text: All

text: Arab

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: attended

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Saudi

text: King

text: Faisal

text: King

text: Hussein

text: and

text: Arafat

text: cried

text: openly

text: and

text: Muammar

text: Gaddafi

text: of

text: Libya

text: fainted

text: from

text: emotional

text: distress

text: twice

text: A

text: few

text: major

text: non

text: Arab

text: dignitaries

text: were

text: present

text: including

text: Soviet

text: Premier

text: Alexei

text: Kosygin

text: and

text: French

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Jacques

text: Chaban

text: Delmas

question: How many people attended Nasser's funeral?

answer: at least five million

text: at least five million

question: At what landmark did the funeral procession begin?

answer: the old RCC headquarters

text: the old RCC headquarters

question: Who was the only Arab leader not to attend Nasser's funeral?

answer: Saudi King Faisal

text: Saudi King Faisal

question: What leader twice fainted during the funeral?

answer: Muammar Gaddafi

text: Muammar Gaddafi

question: Who was the Soviet leader who attended Nasser's funeral?

answer: Alexei Kosygin

text: Alexei Kosygin


text: London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: international

text: air

text: transport

text: hub

text: with

text: the

text: busiest

text: city

text: airspace

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Eight

text: airports

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: London

text: in

text: their

text: name

text: but

text: most

text: traffic

text: passes

text: through

text: six

text: of

text: these

text: London

text: Heathrow

text: Airport

text: in

text: Hillingdon

text: West

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: busiest

text: airport

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: international

text: traffic

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: hub

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: flag

text: carrier

text: British

text: Airways

text: In

text: March

text: its

text: fifth

text: terminal

text: was

text: opened

text: There

text: were

text: plans

text: for

text: a

text: third

text: runway

text: and

text: a

text: sixth

text: terminal

text: however

text: these

text: were

text: cancelled

text: by

text: the

text: Coalition

text: Government

text: on

text: May

question: How many airports are affiliated with London and incorporate the word London in their names?

answer: Eight

text: Eight

question: The majority of air traffic utilizes how many of the airports in and around London?

answer: six

text: six

question: In terms of international travel, which airport is the world's busiest?

answer: London Heathrow

text: London Heathrow

question: A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline?

answer: British Airways

text: British Airways

question: In May 2010, who scrapped British Airways's plans to add a sixth terminal and another runway?

answer: the Coalition Government

text: the Coalition Government


text: As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: As

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: research

text: indicating

text: which

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: components

text: is

text: essential

text: in

text: defining

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: all

text: three

text: are

text: used

text: independently

text: and

text: provide

text: different

text: conclusions

text: regarding

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Savin

text: Williams

text: discusses

text: this

text: issue

text: and

text: notes

text: that

text: by

text: basing

text: findings

text: regarding

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: on

text: a

text: single

text: component

text: researchers

text: may

text: not

text: actually

text: capture

text: the

text: intended

text: population

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: homosexual

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: same

text: sex

text: behavior

text: gay

text: virgins

text: are

text: omitted

text: heterosexuals

text: engaging

text: in

text: same

text: sex

text: behavior

text: for

text: other

text: reasons

text: than

text: preferred

text: sexual

text: arousal

text: are

text: miscounted

text: and

text: those

text: with

text: same

text: sex

text: attraction

text: who

text: only

text: have

text: opposite

text: sex

text: relations

text: are

text: excluded

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: limited

text: populations

text: that

text: each

text: component

text: captures

text: consumers

text: of

text: research

text: should

text: be

text: cautious

text: in

text: generalizing

text: these

text: findings

question: How are the three component used to determine sexual orientation?

answer: all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation

text: all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation

question: When did Savin WIlliams talk about the issues with these components?

answer: (2006)

question: What issues to Savin address during this talk?

answer: basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population

text: basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population

question: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?

answer: Because of the limited populations that each component captures

text: Because of the limited populations that each component captures

question: How should consumers of the research approach these findings?

answer: should be cautious in generalizing these findings.

text: should be cautious in generalizing these findings.