text: Hitler's fierce anti-Soviet rhetoric was one of the reasons why the UK and France decided that Soviet participation in the 1938 Munich Conference regarding Czechoslovakia would be both dangerous and useless. The Munich Agreement that followed marked a partial German annexation of Czechoslovakia in late 1938 followed by its complete dissolution in March 1939, which as part of the appeasement of Germany conducted by Chamberlain's and Daladier's cabinets. This policy immediately raised the question of whether the Soviet Union could avoid being next on Hitler's list. The Soviet leadership believed that the West wanted to encourage German aggression in the East and that France and Britain might stay neutral in a war initiated by Germany, hoping that the warring states would wear each other out and put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: fierce

text: anti

text: Soviet

text: rhetoric

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reasons

text: why

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: France

text: decided

text: that

text: Soviet

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: Munich

text: Conference

text: regarding

text: Czechoslovakia

text: would

text: be

text: both

text: dangerous

text: and

text: useless

text: The

text: Munich

text: Agreement

text: that

text: followed

text: marked

text: a

text: partial

text: German

text: annexation

text: of

text: Czechoslovakia

text: in

text: late

text: followed

text: by

text: its

text: complete

text: dissolution

text: in

text: March

text: which

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: appeasement

text: of

text: Germany

text: conducted

text: by

text: Chamberlain

text: 's

text: and

text: Daladier

text: 's

text: cabinets

text: This

text: policy

text: immediately

text: raised

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: whether

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: could

text: avoid

text: being

text: next

text: on

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: list

text: The

text: Soviet

text: leadership

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: West

text: wanted

text: to

text: encourage

text: German

text: aggression

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: that

text: France

text: and

text: Britain

text: might

text: stay

text: neutral

text: in

text: a

text: war

text: initiated

text: by

text: Germany

text: hoping

text: that

text: the

text: warring

text: states

text: would

text: wear

text: each

text: other

text: out

text: and

text: put

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: Nazi

text: Germany

question: What countries prevented the Soviets from joining the Munich Conference?

answer: UK and France

text: UK and France

question: Who was the English politician who appeased Germany with the take over of Czechoslovakia

answer: Chamberlain

text: Chamberlain

question: The soviets suspected that Nazi-Soviet conflicts would result in what?

answer: put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany

text: put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany


text: The two finalists in 2011 were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, both teenage country singers. McCreery won the competition on May 25, being the youngest male winner and the fourth male in a row to win American Idol. McCreery released his first single, "I Love You This Big", as his coronation song, and Alaina released "Like My Mother Does". McCreery's debut album, Clear as Day, became the first debut album by an Idol winner to reach No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 since Ruben Studdard's Soulful in 2003, and he became the youngest male artist to reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: two

text: finalists

text: in

text: were

text: Lauren

text: Alaina

text: and

text: Scotty

text: McCreery

text: both

text: teenage

text: country

text: singers

text: McCreery

text: won

text: the

text: competition

text: on

text: May

text: being

text: the

text: youngest

text: male

text: winner

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: male

text: in

text: a

text: row

text: to

text: win

text: American

text: Idol

text: McCreery

text: released

text: his

text: first

text: single

text: I

text: Love

text: You

text: This

text: Big

text: as

text: his

text: coronation

text: song

text: and

text: Alaina

text: released

text: Like

text: My

text: Mother

text: Does

text: McCreery

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: Clear

text: as

text: Day

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: debut

text: album

text: by

text: an

text: Idol

text: winner

text: to

text: reach

text: No

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: Billboard

text: since

text: Ruben

text: Studdard

text: 's

text: Soulful

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: youngest

text: male

text: artist

text: to

text: reach

text: No

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

question: What genre of music did season ten American Idol contestant Lauren Alaina sing?

answer: country

text: country

question: Who was the winner of American Idols tenth season?

answer: Scotty McCreery

text: Scotty McCreery

question: What song did Scotty McCreery first release after winning American Idol?

answer: I Love You This Big

text: I Love You This Big

question: What song did Lauren Alaina release after coming in second on American Idol?

answer: Like My Mother Does

text: Like My Mother Does

question: What is the name of the successful album that Ruben Studdard released in 2003?

answer: Soulful

text: Soulful

question: When was the season finale of Idol?

answer: May 25

text: May 25

question: Who won this season of Idol?

answer: Scotty McCreery

text: Scotty McCreery

question: Scotty's first album reached the top Billboard spot, the first time for an Idol winner since when?

answer: Ruben Studdard

text: Ruben Studdard


text: The botanical term "Angiosperm", from the Ancient Greek αγγείον, angeíon (bottle, vessel) and σπέρμα, (seed), was coined in the form Angiospermae by Paul Hermann in 1690, as the name of one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom. This included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, distinguished from his Gymnospermae, or flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits, the whole fruit or each of its pieces being here regarded as a seed and naked. The term and its antonym were maintained by Carl Linnaeus with the same sense, but with restricted application, in the names of the orders of his class Didynamia. Its use with any approach to its modern scope became possible only after 1827, when Robert Brown established the existence of truly naked ovules in the Cycadeae and Coniferae, and applied to them the name Gymnosperms.[citation needed] From that time onward, as long as these Gymnosperms were, as was usual, reckoned as dicotyledonous flowering plants, the term Angiosperm was used antithetically by botanical writers, with varying scope, as a group-name for other dicotyledonous plants.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: The

text: botanical

text: term

text: Angiosperm

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: αγγείον

text: angeíon

text: bottle

text: vessel

text: and

text: σπέρμα

text: seed

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: Angiospermae

text: by

text: Paul

text: Hermann

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: primary

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: kingdom

text: This

text: included

text: flowering

text: plants

text: possessing

text: seeds

text: enclosed

text: in

text: capsules

text: distinguished

text: from

text: his

text: Gymnospermae

text: or

text: flowering

text: plants

text: with

text: achenial

text: or

text: schizo

text: carpic

text: fruits

text: the

text: whole

text: fruit

text: or

text: each

text: of

text: its

text: pieces

text: being

text: here

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: seed

text: and

text: naked

text: The

text: term

text: and

text: its

text: antonym

text: were

text: maintained

text: by

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: sense

text: but

text: with

text: restricted

text: application

text: in

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: orders

text: of

text: his

text: class

text: Didynamia

text: Its

text: use

text: with

text: any

text: approach

text: to

text: its

text: modern

text: scope

text: became

text: possible

text: only

text: after

text: when

text: Robert

text: Brown

text: established

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: truly

text: naked

text: ovules

text: in

text: the

text: Cycadeae

text: and

text: Coniferae

text: and

text: applied

text: to

text: them

text: the

text: name

text: Gymnosperms.[citation

text: needed

text: From

text: that

text: time

text: onward

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: these

text: Gymnosperms

text: were

text: as

text: was

text: usual

text: reckoned

text: as

text: dicotyledonous

text: flowering

text: plants

text: the

text: term

text: Angiosperm

text: was

text: used

text: antithetically

text: by

text: botanical

text: writers

text: with

text: varying

text: scope

text: as

text: a

text: group

text: name

text: for

text: other

text: dicotyledonous

text: plants

question: What term did Paul Hermann come up with in 1690?

answer: Angiosperm

text: Angiosperm

question: What did Hermann use the term angiosperm a primary division of in the plant kingdom?

answer: primary

text: primary

question: Who restricted the application of the angiosperm term?

answer: Carl Linnaeus

text: Carl Linnaeus

question: What did Robert Brown establish the existence of in Cycadeae and Coniferae?

answer: naked ovules

text: naked ovules

question: What is the group-name angiosperm has been used for by botanical writers?

answer: other dicotyledonous plants

text: other dicotyledonous plants


text: A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: A

text: dense

text: wave

text: of

text: smog

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: on

text: December

text: across

text: a

text: distance

text: of

text: around

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: including

text: Tianjin

text: Hebei

text: Shandong

text: Jiangsu

text: Anhui

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: A

text: lack

text: of

text: cold

text: air

text: flow

text: combined

text: with

text: slow

text: moving

text: air

text: masses

text: carrying

text: industrial

text: emissions

text: collected

text: airborne

text: pollutants

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: thick

text: layer

text: of

text: smog

text: over

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: heavy

text: smog

text: heavily

text: polluted

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Jiangsu

text: Province

text: especially

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Nanjing

text: with

text: its

text: AQI

text: pollution

text: Index

text: at

text: severely

text: polluted

text: for

text: five

text: straight

text: days

text: and

text: heavily

text: polluted

text: for

text: nine

text: On

text: December

text: levels

text: of

text: particulate

text: matter

text: average

text: over

text: micrograms

text: per

text: cubic

text: metre

text: falling

text: to

text: over

text: micrograms

text: per

text: cubic

text: metre

text: on

text: December

text: Between

text: pm

text: December

text: and

text: December

text: local

text: time

text: several

text: expressways

text: from

text: Nanjing

text: to

text: other

text: Jiangsu

text: cities

text: were

text: closed

text: stranding

text: dozens

text: of

text: passenger

text: buses

text: in

text: Zhongyangmen

text: bus

text: station

text: From

text: to

text: December

text: Nanjing

text: issued

text: a

text: red

text: alert

text: for

text: air

text: pollution

text: and

text: closed

text: down

text: all

text: kindergarten

text: through

text: middle

text: schools

text: Children

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: outpatient

text: services

text: increased

text: by

text: percent

text: general

text: incidence

text: of

text: bronchitis

text: pneumonia

text: upper

text: respiratory

text: tract

text: infections

text: significantly

text: increased

text: The

text: smog

text: dissipated

text: December

text: Officials

text: blamed

text: the

text: dense

text: pollution

text: on

text: lack

text: of

text: wind

text: automobile

text: exhaust

text: emissions

text: under

text: low

text: air

text: pressure

text: and

text: coal

text: powered

text: district

text: heating

text: system

text: in

text: North

text: China

text: region

text: Prevailing

text: winds

text: blew

text: low

text: hanging

text: air

text: masses

text: of

text: factory

text: emissions

text: mostly

text: towards

text: China

text: 's

text: east

text: coast

question: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?

answer: 2 December 2013

text: 2 December 2013

question: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave?

answer: five straight days

text: five straight days

question: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?

answer: From 5 to 6 December

text: From 5 to 6 December


text: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007. The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales. Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally named the Empire Stadium). One exception to this 78 year series of Empire Stadium finals (including five replays) was the 1970 replay between Leeds and Chelsea, held at Old Trafford in Manchester.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: final

text: has

text: been

text: played

text: at

text: the

text: rebuilt

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: since

text: it

text: opened

text: in

text: The

text: rebuilding

text: process

text: meant

text: that

text: between

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: hosted

text: at

text: the

text: Millennium

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Cardiff

text: in

text: Wales

text: Prior

text: to

text: rebuilding

text: the

text: final

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: original

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: since

text: it

text: opened

text: in

text: being

text: originally

text: named

text: the

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: One

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: year

text: series

text: of

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: finals

text: including

text: five

text: replays

text: was

text: the

text: replay

text: between

text: Leeds

text: and

text: Chelsea

text: held

text: at

text: Old

text: Trafford

text: in

text: Manchester

question: Where is the final played now?

answer: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium

text: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium

question: When did this stadium open?

answer: it opened, in 2007.

text: it opened, in 2007.

question: Where was the FA cup held while this stadium was built?

answer: between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium

text: between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium

question: Where is Millennium Stadium located?

answer: Cardiff in Wales

text: Cardiff in Wales

question: Was it always held in Millennium Stadium?

answer: Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium

text: Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium


text: Schwarzenegger's net worth had been conservatively estimated at $100–$200 million. After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it has been estimated that his net worth has been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006. Over the years as an investor, he invested his bodybuilding and movie earnings in an array of stocks, bonds, privately controlled companies, and real estate holdings worldwide, making his net worth as an accurate estimation difficult to calculate, particularly in light of declining real estate values owing to economic recessions in the U.S. and Europe since the late 2000s. In June 1997, Schwarzenegger spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream jet. Schwarzenegger once said of his fortune, "Money doesn't make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million." He has also stated, "I've made many millions as a businessman many times over."

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: net

text: worth

text: had

text: been

text: conservatively

text: estimated

text: at

text: million

text: After

text: separating

text: from

text: his

text: wife

text: Maria

text: Shriver

text: in

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: that

text: his

text: net

text: worth

text: has

text: been

text: approximately

text: million

text: and

text: even

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: million

text: based

text: on

text: tax

text: returns

text: he

text: filed

text: in

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: as

text: an

text: investor

text: he

text: invested

text: his

text: bodybuilding

text: and

text: movie

text: earnings

text: in

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: stocks

text: bonds

text: privately

text: controlled

text: companies

text: and

text: real

text: estate

text: holdings

text: worldwide

text: making

text: his

text: net

text: worth

text: as

text: an

text: accurate

text: estimation

text: difficult

text: to

text: calculate

text: particularly

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: declining

text: real

text: estate

text: values

text: owing

text: to

text: economic

text: recessions

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Europe

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: In

text: June

text: Schwarzenegger

text: spent

text: million

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: money

text: on

text: a

text: private

text: Gulfstream

text: jet

text: Schwarzenegger

text: once

text: said

text: of

text: his

text: fortune

text: Money

text: does

text: n't

text: make

text: you

text: happy

text: I

text: now

text: have

text: million

text: but

text: I

text: was

text: just

text: as

text: happy

text: when

text: I

text: had

text: million

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: stated

text: I

text: 've

text: made

text: many

text: millions

text: as

text: a

text: businessman

text: many

text: times

text: over

question: In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate?

answer: 2011

question: What was the price tag for the private jet Schwarzenegger bought in 1997?

answer: $38 million

text: $38 million


text: Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the "Furniture District" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Community

text: College

text: in

text: south

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: community

text: college

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Rose

text: State

text: College

text: is

text: located

text: east

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: in

text: suburban

text: Midwest

text: City

text: Oklahoma

text: State

text: University

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Furniture

text: District

text: on

text: the

text: Westside

text: Northeast

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: Langston

text: University

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: historically

text: black

text: college

text: HBCU

text: Langston

text: also

text: has

text: an

text: urban

text: campus

text: in

text: the

text: eastside

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Southern

text: Nazarene

text: University

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Nazarene

text: is

text: a

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: suburban

text: Bethany

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: city

text: limits

question: Which community college is the second largest in the state?

answer: Oklahoma City Community College

text: Oklahoma City Community College

question: Which university is located in the Furniture district?

answer: Oklahoma State University

text: Oklahoma State University

question: Where is Southern Nazarene University located?

answer: Bethany

text: Bethany

question: Who founded the Southern Nazarene University

answer: Church of the Nazarene

text: Church of the Nazarene


text: In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River. By 1882, Washington University had expanded to numerous departments, which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis. Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St. Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the University, establishing the School of Medicine. During the 1890s, Robert Sommers Brookings, the president of the Board of Trustees, undertook the tasks of reorganizing the university's finances, putting them onto a sound foundation, and buying land for a new campus.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: opened

text: the

text: first

text: private

text: nonsectarian

text: law

text: school

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: By

text: Washington

text: University

text: had

text: expanded

text: to

text: numerous

text: departments

text: which

text: were

text: housed

text: in

text: various

text: buildings

text: across

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Medical

text: classes

text: were

text: first

text: held

text: at

text: Washington

text: University

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Medical

text: College

text: decided

text: to

text: affiliate

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: establishing

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: During

text: the

text: Robert

text: Sommers

text: Brookings

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: undertook

text: the

text: tasks

text: of

text: reorganizing

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: finances

text: putting

text: them

text: onto

text: a

text: sound

text: foundation

text: and

text: buying

text: land

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: campus

question: When was did Washington University open its law school?

answer: 1867

question: Who was Robert Somers Brookings?

answer: the president of the Board of Trustees

text: the president of the Board of Trustees

question: When did Washington University establish its medical school?

answer: 1891

question: When did St. Louis Medical college affiliate itself with Washington University?

answer: 1891


text: Humboldtian science refers to the early 19th century approach of combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals. It helped to install natural history as a separate field, gave base for ecology and was based on the role model of scientist, naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt. The later 19th century positivism asserted that all authentic knowledge allows verification and that all authentic knowledge assumes that the only valid knowledge is scientific.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Humboldtian

text: science

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: approach

text: of

text: combining

text: scientific

text: field

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Romanticism

text: sensitivity

text: ethics

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: ideals

text: It

text: helped

text: to

text: install

text: natural

text: history

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: field

text: gave

text: base

text: for

text: ecology

text: and

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: role

text: model

text: of

text: scientist

text: naturalist

text: and

text: explorer

text: Alexander

text: von

text: Humboldt

text: The

text: later

text: century

text: positivism

text: asserted

text: that

text: all

text: authentic

text: knowledge

text: allows

text: verification

text: and

text: that

text: all

text: authentic

text: knowledge

text: assumes

text: that

text: the

text: only

text: valid

text: knowledge

text: is

text: scientific

question: What did Humboldtian science aim to do?

answer: combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals

text: combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals

question: Who was the model for Humboldtian science?

answer: Alexander von Humboldt

text: Alexander von Humboldt

question: What idea did positivism provide?

answer: the only valid knowledge is scientific

text: the only valid knowledge is scientific


text: The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species. While records of life in the sea shows a logistic pattern of growth, life on land (insects, plants and tetrapods)shows an exponential rise in diversity. As one author states, "Tetrapods have not yet invaded 64 per cent of potentially habitable modes, and it could be that without human influence the ecological and taxonomic diversity of tetrapods would continue to increase in an exponential fashion until most or all of the available ecospace is filled."

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: The

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: global

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: limiting

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: life

text: that

text: can

text: live

text: at

text: once

text: is

text: debated

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: whether

text: such

text: a

text: limit

text: would

text: also

text: cap

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: While

text: records

text: of

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: shows

text: a

text: logistic

text: pattern

text: of

text: growth

text: life

text: on

text: land

text: insects

text: plants

text: and

text: tetrapods)shows

text: an

text: exponential

text: rise

text: in

text: diversity

text: As

text: one

text: author

text: states

text: Tetrapods

text: have

text: not

text: yet

text: invaded

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: potentially

text: habitable

text: modes

text: and

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: that

text: without

text: human

text: influence

text: the

text: ecological

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: diversity

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: an

text: exponential

text: fashion

text: until

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: ecospace

text: is

text: filled

question: What limits the amount of life that can live at once on Earth?

answer: global carrying capacity

text: global carrying capacity

question: What type of animal shows a logistic pattern of growth?

answer: life in the sea

text: life in the sea

question: What type of animal shows an exponential rise in diversity?

answer: life on land

text: life on land

question: What percentage of potentially habitable modes have Tetrapods not yet invaded?

answer: 64 per cent

text: 64 per cent


text: Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: a

text: volcanic

text: island

text: fully

text: encircled

text: by

text: shallow

text: reefs

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Jan.

text: estimate

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Gustavia[citation

text: needed

text: which

text: also

text: contains

text: the

text: main

text: harbour

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: Caribbean

text: island

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: Swedish

text: colony

text: for

text: any

text: significant

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: Guadeloupe

text: was

text: under

text: Swedish

text: rule

text: only

text: briefly

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: Symbolism

text: from

text: the

text: Swedish

text: national

text: arms

text: the

text: Three

text: Crowns

text: still

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: The

text: language

text: cuisine

text: and

text: culture

text: however

text: are

text: distinctly

text: French

text: The

text: island

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destination

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: holiday

text: season

text: especially

text: for

text: the

text: rich

text: and

text: famous

text: during

text: the

text: Christmas

text: and

text: new

text: year

text: period

question: What kind of island is St. Barts?

answer: volcanic

text: volcanic

question: What is the population of St. Barts?

answer: 9,035

question: What is the capital of St. Barts?

answer: Gustavia

text: Gustavia

question: What country besides France had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time?

answer: Swedish

text: Swedish

question: When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts?

answer: the winter holiday season

text: the winter holiday season


text: No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during the last decades of the 16th century. In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies . In 1562, the English Crown encouraged the privateers John Hawkins and Francis Drake to engage in slave-raiding attacks against Spanish and Portuguese ships off the coast of West Africa with the aim of breaking into the Atlantic trade system. This effort was rebuffed and later, as the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified, Elizabeth I gave her blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and shipping that was returning across the Atlantic, laden with treasure from the New World. At the same time, influential writers such as Richard Hakluyt and John Dee (who was the first to use the term "British Empire") were beginning to press for the establishment of England's own empire. By this time, Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean, Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China, and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area, later to become New France.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: No

text: further

text: attempts

text: to

text: establish

text: English

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: were

text: made

text: until

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: I

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: meantime

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: had

text: turned

text: England

text: and

text: Catholic

text: Spain

text: into

text: implacable

text: enemies

text: In

text: the

text: English

text: Crown

text: encouraged

text: the

text: privateers

text: John

text: Hawkins

text: and

text: Francis

text: Drake

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: slave

text: raiding

text: attacks

text: against

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: ships

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: West

text: Africa

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: breaking

text: into

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: trade

text: system

text: This

text: effort

text: was

text: rebuffed

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Spanish

text: Wars

text: intensified

text: Elizabeth

text: I

text: gave

text: her

text: blessing

text: to

text: further

text: privateering

text: raids

text: against

text: Spanish

text: ports

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: shipping

text: that

text: was

text: returning

text: across

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: laden

text: with

text: treasure

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: influential

text: writers

text: such

text: as

text: Richard

text: Hakluyt

text: and

text: John

text: Dee

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: British

text: Empire

text: were

text: beginning

text: to

text: press

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: England

text: 's

text: own

text: empire

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: Spain

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: was

text: exploring

text: the

text: Pacific

text: ocean

text: Portugal

text: had

text: established

text: trading

text: posts

text: and

text: forts

text: from

text: the

text: coasts

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: France

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: settle

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: area

text: later

text: to

text: become

text: New

text: France

question: What had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies?

answer: the Protestant Reformation

text: the Protestant Reformation

question: When did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships?

answer: 1562

question: Where did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships?

answer: off the coast of West Africa

text: off the coast of West Africa

question: Who gave their blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports?

answer: Elizabeth I

text: Elizabeth I

question: Which author was the first to use the term "British Empire"?

answer: John Dee

text: John Dee


text: On November 10, 2007, at approximately 7:35 pm, paramedics responding to an emergency call transported West's mother, Donda West, to the nearby Centinela Freeman Hospital in Marina del Rey, California. She was unresponsive in the emergency room, and after resuscitation attempts, doctors pronounced her dead at approximately 8:30 pm, at age 58. The Los Angeles County coroner's office said in January 2008 that West had died of heart disease while suffering "multiple post-operative factors" after plastic surgery. She had undergone liposuction and breast reduction. Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian had refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack. Aboolian referred her to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue. She never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: On

text: November

text: at

text: approximately

text: pm

text: paramedics

text: responding

text: to

text: an

text: emergency

text: call

text: transported

text: West

text: 's

text: mother

text: Donda

text: West

text: to

text: the

text: nearby

text: Centinela

text: Freeman

text: Hospital

text: in

text: Marina

text: del

text: Rey

text: California

text: She

text: was

text: unresponsive

text: in

text: the

text: emergency

text: room

text: and

text: after

text: resuscitation

text: attempts

text: doctors

text: pronounced

text: her

text: dead

text: at

text: approximately

text: pm

text: at

text: age

text: The

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: coroner

text: 's

text: office

text: said

text: in

text: January

text: that

text: West

text: had

text: died

text: of

text: heart

text: disease

text: while

text: suffering

text: multiple

text: post

text: operative

text: factors

text: after

text: plastic

text: surgery

text: She

text: had

text: undergone

text: liposuction

text: and

text: breast

text: reduction

text: Beverly

text: Hills

text: plastic

text: surgeon

text: Andre

text: Aboolian

text: had

text: refused

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: surgery

text: because

text: West

text: had

text: a

text: health

text: condition

text: that

text: placed

text: her

text: at

text: risk

text: for

text: a

text: heart

text: attack

text: Aboolian

text: referred

text: her

text: to

text: an

text: internist

text: to

text: investigate

text: her

text: cardiac

text: issue

text: She

text: never

text: met

text: with

text: the

text: doctor

text: recommended

text: by

text: Aboolian

text: and

text: had

text: the

text: procedures

text: performed

text: by

text: a

text: third

text: doctor

text: Jan

text: Adams

question: How old was Kanye's mother when she died?

answer: 58

question: What doctor did Donda West ignore the recommendation of to invest her heart condition?

answer: Andre Aboolian

text: Andre Aboolian

question: At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda?

answer: 7:35 pm

text: 7:35 pm

question: What condition along with complications for the plastic surgery caused the death of Donda West?

answer: heart disease

text: heart disease

question: What doctor originally turned Donda West down for her plastic surgery operation?

answer: Andre Aboolian

text: Andre Aboolian

question: What was the name of the doctor who performed the surgery that ended up killing Donda West?

answer: Jan Adams

text: Jan Adams


text: The Monreale mosaics constitute the largest decoration of this kind in Italy, covering 0,75 hectares with at least 100 million glass and stone tesserae. This huge work was executed between 1176 and 1186 by the order of King William II of Sicily. The iconography of the mosaics in the presbytery is similar to Cefalu while the pictures in the nave are almost the same as the narrative scenes in the Cappella Palatina. The Martorana mosaic of Roger II blessed by Christ was repeated with the figure of King William II instead of his predecessor. Another panel shows the king offering the model of the cathedral to the Theotokos.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Monreale

text: mosaics

text: constitute

text: the

text: largest

text: decoration

text: of

text: this

text: kind

text: in

text: Italy

text: covering

text: hectares

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: glass

text: and

text: stone

text: tesserae

text: This

text: huge

text: work

text: was

text: executed

text: between

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: King

text: William

text: II

text: of

text: Sicily

text: The

text: iconography

text: of

text: the

text: mosaics

text: in

text: the

text: presbytery

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: Cefalu

text: while

text: the

text: pictures

text: in

text: the

text: nave

text: are

text: almost

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: narrative

text: scenes

text: in

text: the

text: Cappella

text: Palatina

text: The

text: Martorana

text: mosaic

text: of

text: Roger

text: II

text: blessed

text: by

text: Christ

text: was

text: repeated

text: with

text: the

text: figure

text: of

text: King

text: William

text: II

text: instead

text: of

text: his

text: predecessor

text: Another

text: panel

text: shows

text: the

text: king

text: offering

text: the

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: cathedral

text: to

text: the

text: Theotokos

question: What is the name of the largest mosaics in Italy?

answer: The Monreale mosaics

text: The Monreale mosaics

question: At least how many tesserae are used in the the Monreale mosaics?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: Who commissioned the Monreale mosaics between 1176 and 1186?

answer: King William II of Sicily

text: King William II of Sicily

question: Who is displayed getting crowned by christ in the Monreale mosaics?

answer: King William II

text: King William II

question: What is the king offering Theotokos in the Monreale mosaics?

answer: the model of the cathedral

text: the model of the cathedral


text: On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town. A militia of Yale students had been prepping for battle, and former Yale president and Yale Divinity School professor Naphtali Daggett rode out to confront the Redcoats. Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun. New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: On

text: July

text: loyalists

text: and

text: British

text: regulars

text: under

text: General

text: William

text: Tryon

text: governor

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: landed

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: Harbor

text: and

text: raided

text: the

text: town

text: A

text: militia

text: of

text: Yale

text: students

text: had

text: been

text: prepping

text: for

text: battle

text: and

text: former

text: Yale

text: president

text: and

text: Yale

text: Divinity

text: School

text: professor

text: Naphtali

text: Daggett

text: rode

text: out

text: to

text: confront

text: the

text: Redcoats

text: Yale

text: president

text: Ezra

text: Stiles

text: recounted

text: in

text: his

text: diary

text: that

text: while

text: he

text: moved

text: furniture

text: in

text: anticipation

text: of

text: battle

text: he

text: still

text: could

text: n't

text: quite

text: believe

text: the

text: revolution

text: had

text: begun

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: not

text: torched

text: as

text: the

text: invaders

text: did

text: with

text: Danbury

text: in

text: or

text: Fairfield

text: and

text: Norwalk

text: a

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: raid

text: so

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: colonial

text: features

text: were

text: preserved

question: What is the name of the General who led the raid against New Haven on July 5, 1779?

answer: General William Tryon

text: General William Tryon

question: Who was the president of Yale at the time of the attack?

answer: Ezra Stiles

text: Ezra Stiles

question: Why did New Haven fair better than other invaded cities?

answer: New Haven was not torched

text: New Haven was not torched

question: What was the size  of the invading force?

answer: 2,600

question: Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place?

answer: General William Tryon

text: General William Tryon

question: The students of what New Haven university formed an ad-hoc militia to confront the Redcoats?

answer: Yale

text: Yale

question: Who was the professor of Yale Divinity School that led the student militia to confront the Redcoats?

answer: Naphtali Daggett

text: Naphtali Daggett

question: On what date did the loyalists and Redcoats land in New Haven Harbor to commence a raid on New Haven?

answer: July 5, 1779

text: July 5, 1779

question: Who was the president of Yale that provided diary accounts expressing disbelief over the commencement of the revolution in New Haven?

answer: Ezra Stiles

text: Ezra Stiles

question: What is the name of the general that lead British regulars to New Haven Harbor?

answer: William Tryon

text: William Tryon

question: At the time what was the population of New Haven Harbor?

answer: 3,500

question: A group of militia from a very famous modern town in Connecticut came to fought in the Harbor, what was the name of their town?

answer: Yale

text: Yale

question: The militia that fought in New Haven was lead by who?

answer: Naphtali Daggett

text: Naphtali Daggett

question: After the battle were New Haven historical features lost or torched?

answer: town's colonial features were preserved.

text: town's colonial features were preserved.


text: Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider the primary meaning of "purification" in Christology (and by extension in Mariology) to refer to a perfectly sinless nature that manifested itself in glory in a moment of grace (e.g., Jesus at his Baptism). St. Gregory Nazianzen designated Mary as "prokathartheisa (prepurified)." Gregory likely attempted to solve the riddle of the Purification of Jesus and Mary in the Temple through considering the human natures of Jesus and Mary as equally holy and therefore both purified in this manner of grace and glory. Gregory's doctrines surrounding Mary's purification were likely related to the burgeoning commemoration of the Mother of God in and around Constantinople very close to the date of Christmas. Nazianzen's title of Mary at the Annunciation as "prepurified" was subsequently adopted by all theologians interested in his Mariology to justify the Byzantine equivalent of the Immaculate Conception. This is especially apparent in the Fathers St. Sophronios of Jerusalem and St. John Damascene, who will be treated below in this article at the section on Church Fathers. About the time of Damascene, the public celebration of the "Conception of St. Ann [i.e., of the Theotokos in her womb]" was becoming popular. After this period, the "purification" of the perfect natures of Jesus and Mary would not only mean moments of grace and glory at the Incarnation and Baptism and other public Byzantine liturgical feasts, but purification was eventually associated with the feast of Mary's very conception (along with her Presentation in the Temple as a toddler) by Orthodox authors of the 2nd millennium (e.g., St. Nicholas Cabasilas and Joseph Bryennius).

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: Mary

text: 's

text: complete

text: sinlessness

text: and

text: concomitant

text: exemption

text: from

text: any

text: taint

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: moment

text: of

text: her

text: existence

text: was

text: a

text: doctrine

text: familiar

text: to

text: Greek

text: theologians

text: of

text: Byzantium

text: Beginning

text: with

text: St.

text: Gregory

text: Nazianzen

text: his

text: explanation

text: of

text: the

text: purification

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: Mary

text: at

text: the

text: circumcision

text: Luke

text: prompted

text: him

text: to

text: consider

text: the

text: primary

text: meaning

text: of

text: purification

text: in

text: Christology

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: in

text: Mariology

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: perfectly

text: sinless

text: nature

text: that

text: manifested

text: itself

text: in

text: glory

text: in

text: a

text: moment

text: of

text: grace

text: e.g.

text: Jesus

text: at

text: his

text: Baptism

text: St.

text: Gregory

text: Nazianzen

text: designated

text: Mary

text: as

text: prokathartheisa

text: prepurified

text: Gregory

text: likely

text: attempted

text: to

text: solve

text: the

text: riddle

text: of

text: the

text: Purification

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: Mary

text: in

text: the

text: Temple

text: through

text: considering

text: the

text: human

text: natures

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: Mary

text: as

text: equally

text: holy

text: and

text: therefore

text: both

text: purified

text: in

text: this

text: manner

text: of

text: grace

text: and

text: glory

text: Gregory

text: 's

text: doctrines

text: surrounding

text: Mary

text: 's

text: purification

text: were

text: likely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: commemoration

text: of

text: the

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Constantinople

text: very

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: Christmas

text: Nazianzen

text: 's

text: title

text: of

text: Mary

text: at

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: as

text: prepurified

text: was

text: subsequently

text: adopted

text: by

text: all

text: theologians

text: interested

text: in

text: his

text: Mariology

text: to

text: justify

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: This

text: is

text: especially

text: apparent

text: in

text: the

text: Fathers

text: St.

text: Sophronios

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: St.

text: John

text: Damascene

text: who

text: will

text: be

text: treated

text: below

text: in

text: this

text: article

text: at

text: the

text: section

text: on

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: About

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Damascene

text: the

text: public

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: Conception

text: of

text: St.

text: Ann

text: i.e.

text: of

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: in

text: her

text: womb

text: was

text: becoming

text: popular

text: After

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: purification

text: of

text: the

text: perfect

text: natures

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: Mary

text: would

text: not

text: only

text: mean

text: moments

text: of

text: grace

text: and

text: glory

text: at

text: the

text: Incarnation

text: and

text: Baptism

text: and

text: other

text: public

text: Byzantine

text: liturgical

text: feasts

text: but

text: purification

text: was

text: eventually

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: feast

text: of

text: Mary

text: 's

text: very

text: conception

text: along

text: with

text: her

text: Presentation

text: in

text: the

text: Temple

text: as

text: a

text: toddler

text: by

text: Orthodox

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: e.g.

text: St.

text: Nicholas

text: Cabasilas

text: and

text: Joseph

text: Bryennius

question: What Empire held  Grecian teachers of the virginity of Mary's conception ?

answer: Greek theologians of Byzantium

text: Greek theologians of Byzantium

question: Who gave a reason for the purging of evil for the Blessed Virgin and her first child ?

answer: St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary

text: St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary

question: What procedure was being performed while he gave his reasoning ?

answer: the circumcision

text: the circumcision

question: Who was compelled to write of this instance that was also an author of one of the book of the Bible ?

answer: Luke

text: Luke

question: What became associated with the celebration of Mary's inception in the womb ?

answer: purification was eventually associated with the feast of Mary's very conception

text: purification was eventually associated with the feast of Mary's very conception


text: The most important state-owned companies headquartered in Montevideo are: AFE (railways), ANCAP (Energy), Administracion Nacional de Puertos (Ports), ANTEL (telecommunications), BHU (savings and loan), BROU (bank), BSE (insurance), OSE (water & sewage), UTE (electricity). These companies operate under public law, using a legal entity defined in the Uruguayan Constitution called Ente Autonomo ("autonomous entity"). The government also owns part of other companies operating under private law, such as those owned wholly or partially by the CND (National Development Corporation).

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: state

text: owned

text: companies

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: are

text: AFE

text: railways

text: ANCAP

text: Energy

text: Administracion

text: Nacional

text: de

text: Puertos

text: Ports

text: ANTEL

text: telecommunications

text: BHU

text: savings

text: and

text: loan

text: BROU

text: bank

text: BSE

text: insurance

text: OSE

text: water

text: sewage

text: UTE

text: electricity

text: These

text: companies

text: operate

text: under

text: public

text: law

text: using

text: a

text: legal

text: entity

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: Uruguayan

text: Constitution

text: called

text: Ente

text: Autonomo

text: autonomous

text: entity

text: The

text: government

text: also

text: owns

text: part

text: of

text: other

text: companies

text: operating

text: under

text: private

text: law

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: owned

text: wholly

text: or

text: partially

text: by

text: the

text: CND

text: National

text: Development

text: Corporation

question: What kind of company does ANCAP run?

answer: Energy

text: Energy

question: What kind of company does ANTEL run?

answer: telecommunications

text: telecommunications


text: Color in glass may be obtained by addition of electrically charged ions (or color centers) that are homogeneously distributed, and by precipitation of finely dispersed particles (such as in photochromic glasses). Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) impurities of up to 0.1 wt% produce a green tint, which can be viewed in thick pieces or with the aid of scientific instruments. Further FeO and Cr2O3 additions may be used for the production of green bottles. Sulfur, together with carbon and iron salts, is used to form iron polysulfides and produce amber glass ranging from yellowish to almost black. A glass melt can also acquire an amber color from a reducing combustion atmosphere. Manganese dioxide can be added in small amounts to remove the green tint given by iron(II) oxide. When used in art glass or studio glass is colored using closely guarded recipes that involve specific combinations of metal oxides, melting temperatures and 'cook' times. Most colored glass used in the art market is manufactured in volume by vendors who serve this market although there are some glassmakers with the ability to make their own color from raw materials.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Color

text: in

text: glass

text: may

text: be

text: obtained

text: by

text: addition

text: of

text: electrically

text: charged

text: ions

text: or

text: color

text: centers

text: that

text: are

text: homogeneously

text: distributed

text: and

text: by

text: precipitation

text: of

text: finely

text: dispersed

text: particles

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: photochromic

text: glasses

text: Ordinary

text: soda

text: lime

text: glass

text: appears

text: colorless

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: thin

text: although

text: iron(II

text: oxide

text: FeO

text: impurities

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: wt%

text: produce

text: a

text: green

text: tint

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: in

text: thick

text: pieces

text: or

text: with

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: scientific

text: instruments

text: Further

text: FeO

text: and

text: additions

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: green

text: bottles

text: Sulfur

text: together

text: with

text: carbon

text: and

text: iron

text: salts

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: form

text: iron

text: polysulfides

text: and

text: produce

text: amber

text: glass

text: ranging

text: from

text: yellowish

text: to

text: almost

text: black

text: A

text: glass

text: melt

text: can

text: also

text: acquire

text: an

text: amber

text: color

text: from

text: a

text: reducing

text: combustion

text: atmosphere

text: Manganese

text: dioxide

text: can

text: be

text: added

text: in

text: small

text: amounts

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: green

text: tint

text: given

text: by

text: iron(II

text: oxide

text: When

text: used

text: in

text: art

text: glass

text: or

text: studio

text: glass

text: is

text: colored

text: using

text: closely

text: guarded

text: recipes

text: that

text: involve

text: specific

text: combinations

text: of

text: metal

text: oxides

text: melting

text: temperatures

text: and

text: cook

text: times

text: Most

text: colored

text: glass

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: market

text: is

text: manufactured

text: in

text: volume

text: by

text: vendors

text: who

text: serve

text: this

text: market

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: glassmakers

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: make

text: their

text: own

text: color

text: from

text: raw

text: materials

question: What can give glass a faint green tinge?

answer: iron(II) oxide

text: iron(II) oxide

question: What can prevent a green color in glass?

answer: Manganese dioxide

text: Manganese dioxide

question: What other than additives can give glass a yellow color?

answer: reducing combustion atmosphere

text: reducing combustion atmosphere

question: What chemical compounds can make glass nearly black?

answer: iron polysulfides

text: iron polysulfides

question: Charged ions can be used to produce what in glass?

answer: Color

text: Color


text: In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: a

text: new

text: improved

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: with

text: an

text: updated

text: interface

text: and

text: fresher

text: index

text: of

text: archived

text: content

text: was

text: made

text: available

text: for

text: public

text: testing

question: When was an upgrade of the Wayback Machine released for testing?

answer: 2011


text: The 1960s were less successful for the club, with Real Madrid monopolising La Liga. The completion of the Camp Nou, finished in 1957, meant the club had little money to spend on new players. The 1960s saw the emergence of Josep Maria Fusté and Carles Rexach, and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 and the Fairs Cup in 1966. Barcelona restored some pride by beating Real Madrid 1–0 in the 1968 Copa del Generalísimo final at the Bernabéu in front of Franco, with coach Salvador Artigas, a former republican pilot in the civil war. With the end of Franco's dictatorship in 1974, the club changed its official name back to Futbol Club Barcelona and reverted the crest to its original design, including the original letters once again.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: The

text: were

text: less

text: successful

text: for

text: the

text: club

text: with

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: monopolising

text: La

text: Liga

text: The

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: Camp

text: Nou

text: finished

text: in

text: meant

text: the

text: club

text: had

text: little

text: money

text: to

text: spend

text: on

text: new

text: players

text: The

text: saw

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: Josep

text: Maria

text: Fusté

text: and

text: Carles

text: Rexach

text: and

text: the

text: club

text: won

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Generalísimo

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Fairs

text: Cup

text: in

text: Barcelona

text: restored

text: some

text: pride

text: by

text: beating

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: in

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Generalísimo

text: final

text: at

text: the

text: Bernabéu

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: Franco

text: with

text: coach

text: Salvador

text: Artigas

text: a

text: former

text: republican

text: pilot

text: in

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: With

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Franco

text: 's

text: dictatorship

text: in

text: the

text: club

text: changed

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: back

text: to

text: Futbol

text: Club

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: reverted

text: the

text: crest

text: to

text: its

text: original

text: design

text: including

text: the

text: original

text: letters

text: once

text: again

question: What team was dominate in the 1960s in La Liga?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: Due to the emergence of Fuste and Rexach, what competition did Barcelona win in 1963?

answer: Copa del Generalísimo

text: Copa del Generalísimo

question: What competition did Barcelona win in 1966?

answer: Fairs Cup

text: Fairs Cup

question: Who was present when Barcelona beat Real Madrid in 1968?

answer: Franco

text: Franco

question: With Franco's dictatorship over, to what did Barcelona change their name ?

answer: Futbol Club Barcelona

text: Futbol Club Barcelona


text: Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has been estimated that visual processing areas occupy more than half of the total surface of the primate neocortex. The prefrontal cortex carries out functions that include planning, working memory, motivation, attention, and executive control. It takes up a much larger proportion of the brain for primates than for other species, and an especially large fraction of the human brain.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: enlargement

text: of

text: the

text: primate

text: brain

text: comes

text: from

text: a

text: massive

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: especially

text: the

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: and

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: cortex

text: involved

text: in

text: vision

text: The

text: visual

text: processing

text: network

text: of

text: primates

text: includes

text: at

text: least

text: distinguishable

text: brain

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: complex

text: web

text: of

text: interconnections

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: that

text: visual

text: processing

text: areas

text: occupy

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: primate

text: neocortex

text: The

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: carries

text: out

text: functions

text: that

text: include

text: planning

text: working

text: memory

text: motivation

text: attention

text: and

text: executive

text: control

text: It

text: takes

text: up

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: for

text: primates

text: than

text: for

text: other

text: species

text: and

text: an

text: especially

text: large

text: fraction

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: brain

question: Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas?

answer: 30

question: The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates?

answer: more than half

text: more than half

question: Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area?

answer: prefrontal cortex

text: prefrontal cortex

question: The prefrontal cortex is the largest in what animals?

answer: primates

text: primates


text: The Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs still thrived as new species such as Tyrannosaurus, Ankylosaurus, Triceratops and Hadrosaurs dominated the food web. In the oceans, Mosasaurs ruled the seas to fill the role of the Ichthyosaurs, and huge plesiosaurs, such as Elasmosaurus, evolved. Also, the first flowering plants evolved. At the end of the Cretaceous, the Deccan traps and other volcanic eruptions were poisoning the atmosphere. As this was continuing, it is thought that a large meteor smashed into earth, creating the Chicxulub Crater in an event known as the K-T Extinction, the fifth and most recent mass extinction event, in which 75% of life on earth went extinct, including all non-avian dinosaurs. Everything over 10 kilograms went extinct. The age of the dinosaurs was over.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: The

text: Late

text: Cretaceous

text: spans

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: Late

text: Cretaceous

text: featured

text: a

text: cooling

text: trend

text: that

text: would

text: continue

text: on

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: period

text: Eventually

text: tropics

text: were

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: equator

text: and

text: areas

text: beyond

text: the

text: tropic

text: lines

text: featured

text: extreme

text: seasonal

text: changes

text: in

text: weather

text: Dinosaurs

text: still

text: thrived

text: as

text: new

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: Tyrannosaurus

text: Ankylosaurus

text: Triceratops

text: and

text: Hadrosaurs

text: dominated

text: the

text: food

text: web

text: In

text: the

text: oceans

text: Mosasaurs

text: ruled

text: the

text: seas

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Ichthyosaurs

text: and

text: huge

text: plesiosaurs

text: such

text: as

text: Elasmosaurus

text: evolved

text: Also

text: the

text: first

text: flowering

text: plants

text: evolved

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: the

text: Deccan

text: traps

text: and

text: other

text: volcanic

text: eruptions

text: were

text: poisoning

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: As

text: this

text: was

text: continuing

text: it

text: is

text: thought

text: that

text: a

text: large

text: meteor

text: smashed

text: into

text: earth

text: creating

text: the

text: Chicxulub

text: Crater

text: in

text: an

text: event

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: K

text: T

text: Extinction

text: the

text: fifth

text: and

text: most

text: recent

text: mass

text: extinction

text: event

text: in

text: which

text: of

text: life

text: on

text: earth

text: went

text: extinct

text: including

text: all

text: non

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

text: Everything

text: over

text: kilograms

text: went

text: extinct

text: The

text: age

text: of

text: the

text: dinosaurs

text: was

text: over

question: What is the span of the Late Cretaceous period?

answer: 100 million to 65 million years

text: 100 million to 65 million years

question: What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods?

answer: cooling

text: cooling

question: What climate was restricted to the equatorial areas?

answer: tropics

text: tropics

question: What type of weather changes did areas outside of the tropics experience?

answer: extreme seasonal changes

text: extreme seasonal changes

question: What event ended the age of the dinosaur by causing a 75% extinction?

answer: K-T Extinction

text: K-T Extinction


text: (デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks. In many incarnations, Digimon are raised by humans called "Digidestined" or "Tamers", and they team up to defeat evil Digimon and human villains who are trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: デジモン

text: Dejimon

text: branded

text: as

text: Digimon

text: Digital

text: Monsters

text: stylized

text: as

text: DIGIMON

text: short

text: for

text: Digital

text: Monsters

text: デジタルモンスター

text: Dejitaru

text: Monsutā

text: is

text: a

text: Japanese

text: media

text: franchise

text: encompassing

text: virtual

text: pet

text: toys

text: anime

text: manga

text: video

text: games

text: films

text: and

text: a

text: trading

text: card

text: game

text: The

text: franchise

text: focuses

text: on

text: Digimon

text: creatures

text: which

text: are

text: monsters

text: living

text: in

text: a

text: Digital

text: World

text: a

text: parallel

text: universe

text: that

text: originated

text: from

text: Earth

text: 's

text: various

text: communication

text: networks

text: In

text: many

text: incarnations

text: Digimon

text: are

text: raised

text: by

text: humans

text: called

text: Digidestined

text: or

text: Tamers

text: and

text: they

text: team

text: up

text: to

text: defeat

text: evil

text: Digimon

text: and

text: human

text: villains

text: who

text: are

text: trying

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: fabric

text: of

text: the

text: Digital

text: world

question: What does Digimon stand for?

answer: Digital Monsters

text: Digital Monsters

question: What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?

answer: virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game

text: virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game

question: What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live?

answer: a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks

text: a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks

question: What are the people who raise Digimon called?

answer: "Digidestined" or "Tamers"

text: "Digidestined" or "Tamers"

question: What are the Digimon villians main goals?

answer: trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world

text: trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world


text: As the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from their base between the Volga and Don rivers, allowing them to expand to the west. Rus' relations with the Pechenegs were complex, as the groups alternately formed alliances with and against one another. The Pechenegs were nomads roaming the steppe raising livestock which they traded with the Rus' for agricultural goods and other products. The lucrative Rus' trade with the Byzantine Empire had to pass through Pecheneg-controlled territory, so the need for generally peaceful relations was essential. Nevertheless, while the Primary Chronicle reports the Pechenegs entering Rus' territory in 915 and then making peace, they were waging war with one another again in 920. Pechenegs are reported assisting the Rus' in later campaigns against the Byzantines, yet allied with the Byzantines against the Rus' at other times.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: As

text: the

text: century

text: progressed

text: the

text: Khazars

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: able

text: to

text: command

text: tribute

text: from

text: the

text: Volga

text: Bulgars

text: and

text: their

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: deteriorated

text: as

text: Byzantium

text: increasingly

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Pechenegs

text: against

text: them

text: The

text: Pechenegs

text: were

text: thus

text: secure

text: to

text: raid

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Khazars

text: from

text: their

text: base

text: between

text: the

text: Volga

text: and

text: Don

text: rivers

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: expand

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Rus

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: Pechenegs

text: were

text: complex

text: as

text: the

text: groups

text: alternately

text: formed

text: alliances

text: with

text: and

text: against

text: one

text: another

text: The

text: Pechenegs

text: were

text: nomads

text: roaming

text: the

text: steppe

text: raising

text: livestock

text: which

text: they

text: traded

text: with

text: the

text: Rus

text: for

text: agricultural

text: goods

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: The

text: lucrative

text: Rus

text: trade

text: with

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: had

text: to

text: pass

text: through

text: Pecheneg

text: controlled

text: territory

text: so

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: generally

text: peaceful

text: relations

text: was

text: essential

text: Nevertheless

text: while

text: the

text: Primary

text: Chronicle

text: reports

text: the

text: Pechenegs

text: entering

text: Rus

text: territory

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: making

text: peace

text: they

text: were

text: waging

text: war

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: again

text: in

text: Pechenegs

text: are

text: reported

text: assisting

text: the

text: Rus

text: in

text: later

text: campaigns

text: against

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: yet

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: against

text: the

text: Rus

text: at

text: other

text: times

question: Around what time did the Khazars unable to no longer command tribute from Volga?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

question: Who did the Byzantium ally with against the Khazar's?

answer: Pechenegs

text: Pechenegs

question: What did the Pechenges trade with the Rus?

answer: livestock

text: livestock


text: Among his contributions to philosophy is his claim to have solved the philosophical problem of induction. He states that while there is no way to prove that the sun will rise, it is possible to formulate the theory that every day the sun will rise; if it does not rise on some particular day, the theory will be falsified and will have to be replaced by a different one. Until that day, there is no need to reject the assumption that the theory is true. Nor is it rational according to Popper to make instead the more complex assumption that the sun will rise until a given day, but will stop doing so the day after, or similar statements with additional conditions.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Among

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: philosophy

text: is

text: his

text: claim

text: to

text: have

text: solved

text: the

text: philosophical

text: problem

text: of

text: induction

text: He

text: states

text: that

text: while

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: formulate

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: every

text: day

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: if

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: rise

text: on

text: some

text: particular

text: day

text: the

text: theory

text: will

text: be

text: falsified

text: and

text: will

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: one

text: Until

text: that

text: day

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: need

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: the

text: theory

text: is

text: true

text: Nor

text: is

text: it

text: rational

text: according

text: to

text: Popper

text: to

text: make

text: instead

text: the

text: more

text: complex

text: assumption

text: that

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: until

text: a

text: given

text: day

text: but

text: will

text: stop

text: doing

text: so

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: or

text: similar

text: statements

text: with

text: additional

text: conditions

question: Popper's thoughts on falsification present a solution to the philosophical problem concerning what type of scientific reasoning?

answer: induction

text: induction

question: What parts of a theory are unnecessary before the simple theory is falsified?

answer: additional conditions

text: additional conditions

question: Who presented a solution to the philosophical problem of induction centered around falsifiability?

answer: Popper

text: Popper


text: Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions. The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen. Later, when safety required power to be consolidated, an elected prince was chosen to govern. The election privilege was usually limited to elites.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Concerning

text: the

text: early

text: Polish

text: tribes

text: geography

text: contributed

text: to

text: long

text: standing

text: traditions

text: The

text: Polish

text: tribes

text: were

text: internalized

text: and

text: organized

text: around

text: a

text: unifying

text: religious

text: cult

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: wiec

text: an

text: assembly

text: of

text: free

text: tribesmen

text: Later

text: when

text: safety

text: required

text: power

text: to

text: be

text: consolidated

text: an

text: elected

text: prince

text: was

text: chosen

text: to

text: govern

text: The

text: election

text: privilege

text: was

text: usually

text: limited

text: to

text: elites

question: What contributed to the long standing traditions?

answer: geography

text: geography

question: What was governing the polish tribes?

answer: wiec

text: wiec

question: What was the wiec?

answer: an assembly of free tribesmen

text: an assembly of free tribesmen

question: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?

answer: an elected prince

text: an elected prince

question: What was the governing position limited to?

answer: elites

text: elites


text: Burma is bordered in the northwest by the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh and the Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh states of India. Its north and northeast border is with the Tibet Autonomous Region and Yunnan province for a Sino-Burman border total of 2,185 km (1,358 mi). It is bounded by Laos and Thailand to the southeast. Burma has 1,930 km (1,200 mi) of contiguous coastline along the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea to the southwest and the south, which forms one quarter of its total perimeter.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: the

text: Chittagong

text: Division

text: of

text: Bangladesh

text: and

text: the

text: Mizoram

text: Manipur

text: Nagaland

text: and

text: Arunachal

text: Pradesh

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: Its

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: border

text: is

text: with

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Yunnan

text: province

text: for

text: a

text: Sino

text: Burman

text: border

text: total

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Laos

text: and

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Burma

text: has

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: contiguous

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Andaman

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: which

text: forms

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: perimeter

question: What countries surround the border that is opposite the southwest border of Burma?

answer: Burma is bordered in the northwest by the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh and the Mizoram

text: Burma is bordered in the northwest by the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh and the Mizoram

question: What sea is an integral part of the Burma landscape ?

answer: Andaman Sea to the southwest and the south, which forms one quarter of its total perimeter.

text: Andaman Sea to the southwest and the south, which forms one quarter of its total perimeter.

question: How many miles of uninterrupted coastline does Burma encompass?

answer: 1,200 mi

text: 1,200 mi

question: What is the name of the bay along the southwest coast of Burma ?

answer: Bay of Bengal

text: Bay of Bengal

question: What region lays along the north border of Burma and is famed for the presence of monks ?

answer: the Tibet Autonomous Region

text: the Tibet Autonomous Region


text: Sometimes passenger elevators are used as a city transport along with funiculars. For example, there is a 3-station underground public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, which takes passengers from the top of a hill above the Black Sea on which hotels are perched, to a tunnel located on the beach below. At Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro, the elevator that provides access to the station from a hilltop neighborhood doubles as city transportation: the station's ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa. See also the Elevators for urban transport section.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Sometimes

text: passenger

text: elevators

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: transport

text: along

text: with

text: funiculars

text: For

text: example

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: underground

text: public

text: elevator

text: in

text: Yalta

text: Ukraine

text: which

text: takes

text: passengers

text: from

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: a

text: hill

text: above

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: on

text: which

text: hotels

text: are

text: perched

text: to

text: a

text: tunnel

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: beach

text: below

text: At

text: Casco

text: Viejo

text: station

text: in

text: the

text: Bilbao

text: Metro

text: the

text: elevator

text: that

text: provides

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: station

text: from

text: a

text: hilltop

text: neighborhood

text: doubles

text: as

text: city

text: transportation

text: the

text: station

text: 's

text: ticket

text: barriers

text: are

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: passengers

text: can

text: pay

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: elevator

text: from

text: the

text: entrance

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: city

text: or

text: vice

text: versa

text: See

text: also

text: the

text: Elevators

text: for

text: urban

text: transport

text: section

question: Passenger elevators, used in city transport share similarities to what other ascending and descending vehicles counterbalancing each other?

answer: funiculars

text: funiculars

question: What type of public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, transport passengers from a hill above the Black Sea to a tunnel down on the beach?

answer: underground public elevator

text: underground public elevator

question: The elevator located at the Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro is also used for what?

answer: city transportation

text: city transportation

question: How is that set up?

answer: ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa

text: ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa


text: There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending of church and state together can be pleasing to him?" He also observed that when "church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued." Thomas Jefferson's influential Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was enacted in 1786, five years before the Bill of Rights.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: opponents

text: to

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: any

text: established

text: church

text: even

text: at

text: the

text: state

text: level

text: In

text: Isaac

text: Backus

text: a

text: prominent

text: Baptist

text: minister

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: wrote

text: against

text: a

text: state

text: sanctioned

text: religion

text: saying

text: Now

text: who

text: can

text: hear

text: Christ

text: declare

text: that

text: his

text: kingdom

text: is

text: not

text: of

text: this

text: world

text: and

text: yet

text: believe

text: that

text: this

text: blending

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: together

text: can

text: be

text: pleasing

text: to

text: him

text: He

text: also

text: observed

text: that

text: when

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: are

text: separate

text: the

text: effects

text: are

text: happy

text: and

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: at

text: all

text: interfere

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: but

text: where

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: confounded

text: together

text: no

text: tongue

text: nor

text: pen

text: can

text: fully

text: describe

text: the

text: mischiefs

text: that

text: have

text: ensued

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: influential

text: Virginia

text: Statute

text: for

text: Religious

text: Freedom

text: was

text: enacted

text: in

text: five

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

question: What did an established church, even at the state level, have?

answer: opponents

text: opponents

question: What was Issac Backus' profession?

answer: Baptist minister

text: Baptist minister

question: What region did Isaac Backus come from?

answer: New England

text: New England

question: When did Isaac Backus write against a state sanctioned religion?

answer: 1773

question: When was Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom enacted?

answer: 1786


text: Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Contemporary

text: chroniclers

text: were

text: mostly

text: critical

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: performance

text: as

text: king

text: and

text: his

text: reign

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: debate

text: and

text: periodic

text: revision

text: by

text: historians

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: Historian

text: Jim

text: Bradbury

text: has

text: summarised

text: the

text: contemporary

text: historical

text: opinion

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: positive

text: qualities

text: observing

text: that

text: John

text: is

text: today

text: usually

text: considered

text: a

text: hard

text: working

text: administrator

text: an

text: able

text: man

text: an

text: able

text: general

text: Nonetheless

text: modern

text: historians

text: agree

text: that

text: he

text: also

text: had

text: many

text: faults

text: as

text: king

text: including

text: what

text: historian

text: Ralph

text: Turner

text: describes

text: as

text: distasteful

text: even

text: dangerous

text: personality

text: traits

text: such

text: as

text: pettiness

text: spitefulness

text: and

text: cruelty

text: These

text: negative

text: qualities

text: provided

text: extensive

text: material

text: for

text: fiction

text: writers

text: in

text: the

text: Victorian

text: era

text: and

text: John

text: remains

text: a

text: recurring

text: character

text: within

text: Western

text: popular

text: culture

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: villain

text: in

text: films

text: and

text: stories

text: depicting

text: the

text: Robin

text: Hood

text: legends

question: Who was critical of John's performance as king?

answer: Contemporary chroniclers

text: Contemporary chroniclers

question: What historian summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities?

answer: Jim Bradbury

text: Jim Bradbury

question: John remains a recurring character within what culture?

answer: Western

text: Western


text: London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,631 weapons available. Dowding had to rely on night fighters. From 1940 to 1941, the most successful night-fighter was the Boulton Paul Defiant; its four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type. AA defences improved by better use of radar and searchlights. Over several months, the 20,000 shells spent per raider shot down in September 1940, was reduced to 4,087 in January 1941 and to 2,963 shells in February 1941.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: London

text: 's

text: defences

text: were

text: rapidly

text: reorganised

text: by

text: General

text: Pile

text: the

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: Anti

text: Aircraft

text: Command

text: The

text: difference

text: this

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: air

text: defences

text: is

text: questionable

text: The

text: British

text: were

text: still

text: one

text: third

text: below

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: heavy

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: artillery

text: AAA

text: or

text: ack

text: ack

text: in

text: May

text: with

text: only

text: weapons

text: available

text: Dowding

text: had

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: night

text: fighters

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: night

text: fighter

text: was

text: the

text: Boulton

text: Paul

text: Defiant

text: its

text: four

text: squadrons

text: shot

text: down

text: more

text: enemy

text: aircraft

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: type

text: AA

text: defences

text: improved

text: by

text: better

text: use

text: of

text: radar

text: and

text: searchlights

text: Over

text: several

text: months

text: the

text: shells

text: spent

text: per

text: raider

text: shot

text: down

text: in

text: September

text: was

text: reduced

text: to

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: to

text: shells

text: in

text: February

question: Who reorganised London's defences?

answer: General Pile

text: General Pile

question: The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery?

answer: one-third

text: one-third

question: Who relied on night fighters?

answer: Dowding

text: Dowding

question: Who's four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type?

answer: Boulton Paul Defiant

text: Boulton Paul Defiant

question: How were AA defenses improved?

answer: by better use of radar and searchlights

text: by better use of radar and searchlights