text: A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record, commonly known as a "record", is an analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP – long playing 33 1⁄3 rpm, SP – 78 rpm single, EP – 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: A

text: gramophone

text: record

text: phonograph

text: record

text: in

text: American

text: English

text: or

text: vinyl

text: record

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: record

text: is

text: an

text: analogue

text: sound

text: storage

text: medium

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: flat

text: polyvinyl

text: chloride

text: previously

text: shellac

text: disc

text: with

text: an

text: inscribed

text: modulated

text: spiral

text: groove

text: The

text: groove

text: usually

text: starts

text: near

text: the

text: periphery

text: and

text: ends

text: near

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: disc

text: Phonograph

text: records

text: are

text: generally

text: described

text: by

text: their

text: diameter

text: in

text: inches

text: the

text: rotational

text: speed

text: in

text: rpm

text: at

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: played

text: and

text: their

text: time

text: capacity

text: resulting

text: from

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: those

text: parameters

text: LP

text: long

text: playing

text: rpm

text: SP

text: rpm

text: single

text: EP

text: single

text: or

text: extended

text: play

text: or

text: rpm

text: their

text: reproductive

text: quality

text: or

text: level

text: of

text: fidelity

text: high

text: fidelity

text: orthophonic

text: full

text: range

text: etc

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: audio

text: channels

text: provided

text: mono

text: stereo

text: quad

text: etc

question: What does LP stand for when it comes to time capacity?

answer: long playing

text: long playing

question: What are common diameters found in phonograph records?

answer: 12", 10", 7"

text: 12", 10", 7"

question: What is a gramophone or 'vinyl' record?

answer: analogue sound storage medium

text: analogue sound storage medium

question: Where does the groove on a vinyl record typically start?

answer: near the periphery

text: near the periphery

question: In what method is the rotational speed measured in?

answer: rpm

text: rpm


text: An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: An

text: Ancient

text: Chinese

text: document

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: Somali

text: coast

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: called

text: Berbera

text: by

text: Arab

text: geographers

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: Berber

text: Cushitic

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: Po

text: pa

text: li

text: The

text: first

text: clear

text: written

text: reference

text: of

text: the

text: sobriquet

text: Somali

text: however

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: During

text: the

text: wars

text: between

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Ifat

text: based

text: at

text: Zeila

text: and

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: Dynasty

text: the

text: Abyssinian

text: Emperor

text: had

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: court

text: officials

text: compose

text: a

text: hymn

text: celebrating

text: a

text: military

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Sultan

text: of

text: Ifat

text: 's

text: eponymous

text: troops

question: What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?

answer: Berbera

text: Berbera

question: What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?

answer: Po-pa-li

text: Po-pa-li

question: In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?

answer: 15th

question: Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?

answer: the Abyssinian Emperor

text: the Abyssinian Emperor

question: Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?

answer: Zeila

text: Zeila


text: The House of Representatives currently has 59 members elected for a five-year term, 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Armenian, Latin and Maronite minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community but remain vacant since 1964. The political environment is dominated by the communist AKEL, the liberal conservative Democratic Rally, the centrist Democratic Party, the social-democratic EDEK and the centrist EURO.KO. In 2008, Dimitris Christofias became the country's first Communist head of state. Due to his involvement in the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, Christofias did not run for re-election in 2013. The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades winning 57.48% of the vote. As a result, Anastasiades was sworn in on and has been President since 28 February 2013.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: currently

text: has

text: members

text: elected

text: for

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: term

text: members

text: by

text: proportional

text: representation

text: and

text: observer

text: members

text: representing

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Latin

text: and

text: Maronite

text: minorities

text: seats

text: are

text: allocated

text: to

text: the

text: Turkish

text: community

text: but

text: remain

text: vacant

text: since

text: The

text: political

text: environment

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: communist

text: AKEL

text: the

text: liberal

text: conservative

text: Democratic

text: Rally

text: the

text: centrist

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: the

text: social

text: democratic

text: EDEK

text: and

text: the

text: centrist

text: EURO.KO

text: In

text: Dimitris

text: Christofias

text: became

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: first

text: Communist

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: Due

text: to

text: his

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: financial

text: crisis

text: Christofias

text: did

text: not

text: run

text: for

text: re

text: election

text: in

text: The

text: Presidential

text: election

text: in

text: resulted

text: in

text: Democratic

text: Rally

text: candidate

text: Nicos

text: Anastasiades

text: winning

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Anastasiades

text: was

text: sworn

text: in

text: on

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: President

text: since

text: February

question: How many members are currently in the House of Representatives?

answer: 59 members

text: 59 members

question: How long is the term for an elected member of the House of Representatives?

answer: five-year term

text: five-year term

question: How many seas are allocated to the Turkish community?

answer: 24

question: Who became the country's first Communist head of state in 2008?

answer: Dimitris Christofias

text: Dimitris Christofias

question: Who is the current president of Cyprus?

answer: Nicos Anastasiades

text: Nicos Anastasiades


text: Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: also

text: has

text: state

text: primary

text: phase

text: schools

text: state

text: secondary

text: schools

text: eight

text: special

text: schools

text: and

text: three

text: selective

text: state

text: grammar

text: schools

text: Devonport

text: High

text: School

text: for

text: Girls

text: Devonport

text: High

text: School

text: for

text: Boys

text: and

text: Plymouth

text: High

text: School

text: for

text: Girls

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: independent

text: school

text: Plymouth

text: College

question: How many state primary schools are in Plymouth?

answer: 71

question: Plymouth has how many state secondary schools?

answer: 13

question: How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?

answer: Plymouth College

text: Plymouth College

question: Aside from Plymouth High School for Girls and Devonport High School for Boys, what state grammar school is present in Plymouth?

answer: Devonport High School for Girls

text: Devonport High School for Girls


text: The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: The

text: subsequent

text: elections

text: were

text: internationally

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: free

text: and

text: fair

text: in

text: Liberian

text: history

text: Ellen

text: Johnson

text: Sirleaf

text: a

text: Harvard

text: trained

text: economist

text: and

text: former

text: Minister

text: of

text: Finance

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: president

text: in

text: Africa

text: Upon

text: her

text: inauguration

text: Sirleaf

text: requested

text: the

text: extradition

text: of

text: Taylor

text: from

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: transferred

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: SCSL

text: for

text: trial

text: in

text: The

text: Hague

text: In

text: the

text: government

text: established

text: a

text: Truth

text: and

text: Reconciliation

text: Commission

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: causes

text: and

text: crimes

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: war

question: The 2005 elections were known as what?

answer: the most free and fair in Liberian history

text: the most free and fair in Liberian history

question: Who is ellen johnson sirleaf?

answer: a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance

text: a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance

question: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?

answer: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

text: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

question: Movement For democracy in Liberia requested the extradition of whom"

answer: Taylor from Nigeria

text: Taylor from Nigeria

question: What was created to address the causes of civil war?

answer: Truth and Reconciliation Commission

text: Truth and Reconciliation Commission


text: Efforts have been made to improve nutrition, and reduce associated health problems, by encouraging women to make nutritious versions of local recipes. For example, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Efforts

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: to

text: improve

text: nutrition

text: and

text: reduce

text: associated

text: health

text: problems

text: by

text: encouraging

text: women

text: to

text: make

text: nutritious

text: versions

text: of

text: local

text: recipes

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: International

text: Crops

text: Research

text: Institute

text: for

text: the

text: Semi

text: Arid

text: Tropics

text: ICRISAT

text: and

text: the

text: Aga

text: Khan

text: Foundation

text: trained

text: women

text: 's

text: groups

text: to

text: make

text: equinut

text: a

text: healthy

text: and

text: nutritional

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: recipe

text: di

text: dèguè

text: comprising

text: peanut

text: paste

text: honey

text: and

text: millet

text: or

text: rice

text: flour

text: The

text: aim

text: was

text: to

text: boost

text: nutrition

text: and

text: livelihoods

text: by

text: producing

text: a

text: product

text: that

text: women

text: could

text: make

text: and

text: sell

text: and

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: accepted

text: by

text: the

text: local

text: community

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: local

text: heritage

question: What does ICRISTAT stand for?

answer: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

text: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

question: What types of efforts to aid in health problems have been made?

answer: improve nutrition

text: improve nutrition

question: The local communities have accepted equinut because it is similar to what native recipe?

answer: recipe di-dèguè

text: recipe di-dèguè

question: ICRISTAT had success in teaching women how to make what product of nutritional value?

answer: equinut

text: equinut

question: What ingredients are in both the traditional and nutritional version of this dish?

answer: peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour

text: peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour


text: The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum, hence the abbreviation OP used by members), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Saint Dominic de Guzman in France and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216–27) on 22 December 1216. Membership in this "mendicant" order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries, though recently there has been a growing number of Associates, who are unrelated to the tertiaries) affiliated with the order.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: Order

text: of

text: Preachers

text: Latin

text: Ordo

text: Praedicatorum

text: hence

text: the

text: abbreviation

text: OP

text: used

text: by

text: members

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: after

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Order

text: or

text: Dominicans

text: is

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: religious

text: order

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: priest

text: Saint

text: Dominic

text: de

text: Guzman

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: approved

text: by

text: Pope

text: Honorius

text: III

text: on

text: December

text: Membership

text: in

text: this

text: mendicant

text: order

text: includes

text: friars

text: nuns

text: active

text: sisters

text: and

text: lay

text: or

text: secular

text: Dominicans

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: tertiaries

text: though

text: recently

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: growing

text: number

text: of

text: Associates

text: who

text: are

text: unrelated

text: to

text: the

text: tertiaries

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: order

question: What is the Latin for Order of Preachers?

answer: Ordo Praedicatorum

text: Ordo Praedicatorum

question: What Pope approved of the Order of Preachers?

answer: Pope Honorius III

text: Pope Honorius III

question: After the 15th century, what was the Order of Preachers known as?

answer: the Dominican Order

text: the Dominican Order

question: What religion does the Dominican Order belong to?

answer: Roman Catholic

text: Roman Catholic

question: What Spanish Priest founded the Order of Preachers?

answer: Saint Dominic de Guzman

text: Saint Dominic de Guzman


text: Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by Enlightenment thinkers. Some of the philosophers of the English, Scottish, German, and Swiss Enlightenment - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Toland, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau - had Protestant backgrounds. For example, John Locke, whose political thought was based on "a set of Protestant Christian assumptions", derived the equality of all humans, including the equality of the genders ("Adam and Eve"), from Genesis 1, 26-28. As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed "the consent of the governed." These Lockean ideas were fundamental to the United States Declaration of Independence, which also deduced human rights from the biblical belief in creation: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Democracy

text: social

text: contract

text: theory

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: religious

text: freedom

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: these

text: achievements

text: of

text: the

text: Reformation

text: and

text: early

text: Protestantism

text: were

text: elaborated

text: on

text: and

text: popularized

text: by

text: Enlightenment

text: thinkers

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: philosophers

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Scottish

text: German

text: and

text: Swiss

text: Enlightenment

text: Thomas

text: Hobbes

text: John

text: Locke

text: John

text: Toland

text: David

text: Hume

text: Gottfried

text: Wilhelm

text: Leibniz

text: Christian

text: Wolff

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: and

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: had

text: Protestant

text: backgrounds

text: For

text: example

text: John

text: Locke

text: whose

text: political

text: thought

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: Protestant

text: Christian

text: assumptions

text: derived

text: the

text: equality

text: of

text: all

text: humans

text: including

text: the

text: equality

text: of

text: the

text: genders

text: Adam

text: and

text: Eve

text: from

text: Genesis

text: As

text: all

text: persons

text: were

text: created

text: equally

text: free

text: all

text: governments

text: needed

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: governed

text: These

text: Lockean

text: ideas

text: were

text: fundamental

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: which

text: also

text: deduced

text: human

text: rights

text: from

text: the

text: biblical

text: belief

text: in

text: creation

text: We

text: hold

text: these

text: truths

text: to

text: be

text: self

text: evident

text: that

text: all

text: men

text: are

text: created

text: equal

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: endowed

text: by

text: their

text: Creator

text: with

text: certain

text: unalienable

text: Rights

text: that

text: among

text: these

text: are

text: Life

text: Liberty

text: and

text: the

text: pursuit

text: of

text: Happiness

question: What group popularized early Protestant teachings about separation of church and state?

answer: Enlightenment thinkers

text: Enlightenment thinkers

question: What did John Locke use as a basis for his political beliefs?

answer: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions

text: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions

question: Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?

answer: John Locke

text: John Locke

question: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?

answer: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness

text: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness

question: What scripture did Locke use as a reference for equality?

answer: Genesis 1, 26-28

text: Genesis 1, 26-28


text: Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official "Commemorative Dates of Russia." In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Gagarin

text: became

text: a

text: national

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: and

text: a

text: worldwide

text: celebrity

text: Moscow

text: and

text: other

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: USSR

text: held

text: mass

text: demonstrations

text: the

text: scale

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Victory

text: Parade

text: of

text: April

text: was

text: declared

text: Cosmonautics

text: Day

text: in

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: is

text: celebrated

text: today

text: in

text: Russia

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: Commemorative

text: Dates

text: of

text: Russia

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: International

text: Day

text: of

text: Human

text: Space

text: Flight

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

question: April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?

answer: Cosmonautics Day

text: Cosmonautics Day

question: What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?

answer: 2011


text: During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters. The choice and sequence of the characters may be artificial in keys designed purely for identification (diagnostic keys) or more closely related to the natural or phyletic order of the taxa in synoptic keys. By the 18th century, new plants for study were arriving in Europe in increasing numbers from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide. In 1753 Carl von Linné (Carl Linnaeus) published his Species Plantarum, a hierarchical classification of plant species that remains the reference point for modern botanical nomenclature. This established a standardised binomial or two-part naming scheme where the first name represented the genus and the second identified the species within the genus. For the purposes of identification, Linnaeus's Systema Sexuale classified plants into 24 groups according to the number of their male sexual organs. The 24th group, Cryptogamia, included all plants with concealed reproductive parts, mosses, liverworts, ferns, algae and fungi.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: systems

text: of

text: plant

text: identification

text: were

text: developed

text: comparable

text: to

text: dichotomous

text: keys

text: where

text: unidentified

text: plants

text: are

text: placed

text: into

text: taxonomic

text: groups

text: e.g.

text: family

text: genus

text: and

text: species

text: by

text: making

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: choices

text: between

text: pairs

text: of

text: characters

text: The

text: choice

text: and

text: sequence

text: of

text: the

text: characters

text: may

text: be

text: artificial

text: in

text: keys

text: designed

text: purely

text: for

text: identification

text: diagnostic

text: keys

text: or

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: or

text: phyletic

text: order

text: of

text: the

text: taxa

text: in

text: synoptic

text: keys

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: new

text: plants

text: for

text: study

text: were

text: arriving

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: from

text: newly

text: discovered

text: countries

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: colonies

text: worldwide

text: In

text: Carl

text: von

text: Linné

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: published

text: his

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: a

text: hierarchical

text: classification

text: of

text: plant

text: species

text: that

text: remains

text: the

text: reference

text: point

text: for

text: modern

text: botanical

text: nomenclature

text: This

text: established

text: a

text: standardised

text: binomial

text: or

text: two

text: part

text: naming

text: scheme

text: where

text: the

text: first

text: name

text: represented

text: the

text: genus

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: identified

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: identification

text: Linnaeus

text: 's

text: Systema

text: Sexuale

text: classified

text: plants

text: into

text: groups

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: their

text: male

text: sexual

text: organs

text: The

text: group

text: Cryptogamia

text: included

text: all

text: plants

text: with

text: concealed

text: reproductive

text: parts

text: mosses

text: liverworts

text: ferns

text: algae

text: and

text: fungi

question: What is the meaning of dichotomous keys?

answer: choices between pairs

text: choices between pairs

question: What is the term for keys used for identification?

answer: diagnostic keys

text: diagnostic keys

question: Why were new plants arriving in Europe in the 18th century?

answer: newly discovered countries

text: newly discovered countries

question: What book is still used for nomenclature?

answer: Species Plantarum

text: Species Plantarum

question: How are the plants classified?

answer: number of their male sexual organs

text: number of their male sexual organs


text: The Church of England declared its independence from the Catholic Church at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Reformed tradition. These reforms were understood by one of those most responsible for them, the then Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions, namely Lutheranism and Calvinism. By the end of the century, the retention in Anglicanism of many traditional liturgical forms and of the episcopate was already seen as unacceptable by those promoting the most developed Protestant principles.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: declared

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Elizabethan

text: Religious

text: Settlement

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Anglican

text: formularies

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: corresponded

text: closely

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: contemporary

text: Reformed

text: tradition

text: These

text: reforms

text: were

text: understood

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: most

text: responsible

text: for

text: them

text: the

text: then

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: Thomas

text: Cranmer

text: as

text: navigating

text: a

text: middle

text: way

text: between

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: emerging

text: Protestant

text: traditions

text: namely

text: Lutheranism

text: and

text: Calvinism

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: retention

text: in

text: Anglicanism

text: of

text: many

text: traditional

text: liturgical

text: forms

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: episcopate

text: was

text: already

text: seen

text: as

text: unacceptable

text: by

text: those

text: promoting

text: the

text: most

text: developed

text: Protestant

text: principles

question: Who did the Church of England split from?

answer: the Catholic Church

text: the Catholic Church

question: At what time did the Church of England become independent?

answer: the Elizabethan Religious Settlement

text: the Elizabethan Religious Settlement

question: Who headed the Anglican reforms in the middle of the 16th century?

answer: Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer

text: Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer

question: The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions?

answer: Lutheranism and Calvinism

text: Lutheranism and Calvinism

question: What liturgical forms in Anglicanism were considered unacceptable by many progressive Protestants?

answer: traditional

text: traditional


text: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism. Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the "Informbiro period", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: Tito

text: met

text: with

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Bishops

text: Conference

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: Aloysius

text: Stepinac

text: on

text: June

text: two

text: days

text: after

text: his

text: release

text: from

text: imprisonment

text: The

text: two

text: could

text: not

text: reach

text: an

text: agreement

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: Under

text: Stepinac

text: 's

text: leadership

text: the

text: bishops

text: conference

text: released

text: a

text: letter

text: condemning

text: alleged

text: Partisan

text: war

text: crimes

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Stepinac

text: was

text: arrested

text: and

text: put

text: on

text: trial

text: In

text: October

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: special

text: session

text: for

text: years

text: the

text: Vatican

text: excommunicated

text: Tito

text: and

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: government

text: for

text: sentencing

text: Stepinac

text: to

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: on

text: charges

text: of

text: assisting

text: Ustaše

text: terror

text: and

text: of

text: supporting

text: forced

text: conversions

text: of

text: Serbs

text: to

text: Catholicism

text: Stepinac

text: received

text: preferential

text: treatment

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: his

text: status

text: and

text: the

text: sentence

text: was

text: soon

text: shortened

text: and

text: reduced

text: to

text: house

text: arrest

text: with

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: emigration

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: archbishop

text: At

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: Informbiro

text: period

text: reforms

text: rendered

text: Yugoslavia

text: considerably

text: more

text: religiously

text: liberal

text: than

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: states

question: Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?

answer: Aloysius Stepinac

text: Aloysius Stepinac

question: How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?

answer: two days

text: two days

question: What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?

answer: Catholic Church

text: Catholic Church

question: Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?

answer: Stepinac

text: Stepinac

question: What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?

answer: house-arrest

text: house-arrest


text: The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia. They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites. The esonarthex has two fluted domes, specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ. The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos. The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban, offering the model of the church to Christ. The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ. These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings, landscapes, figures.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: greatest

text: mosaic

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Palaeologan

text: renaissance

text: in

text: art

text: is

text: the

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: Chora

text: Church

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: Although

text: the

text: mosaics

text: of

text: the

text: naos

text: have

text: not

text: survived

text: except

text: three

text: panels

text: the

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: exonarthex

text: and

text: the

text: esonarthex

text: constitute

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: full

text: scale

text: mosaic

text: cycle

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: after

text: the

text: Hagia

text: Sophia

text: They

text: were

text: executed

text: around

text: by

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Theodore

text: Metochites

text: The

text: esonarthex

text: has

text: two

text: fluted

text: domes

text: specially

text: created

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: ideal

text: setting

text: for

text: the

text: mosaic

text: images

text: of

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: Christ

text: The

text: southern

text: one

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Dome

text: of

text: the

text: Pantokrator

text: while

text: the

text: northern

text: one

text: is

text: the

text: Dome

text: of

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: panel

text: of

text: the

text: esonarthex

text: depicts

text: Theodore

text: Metochites

text: wearing

text: a

text: huge

text: turban

text: offering

text: the

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: to

text: Christ

text: The

text: walls

text: of

text: both

text: narthexes

text: are

text: decorated

text: with

text: mosaic

text: cycles

text: from

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Virgin

text: and

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Christ

text: These

text: panels

text: show

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: trecento

text: on

text: Byzantine

text: art

text: especially

text: the

text: more

text: natural

text: settings

text: landscapes

text: figures

question: where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance?

answer: the Chora Church in Constantinople

text: the Chora Church in Constantinople

question: How many mosaic panels from naos have survived?

answer: three

text: three

question: The panels of naos are only capped in importance by which other location?

answer: the Hagia Sophia

text: the Hagia Sophia

question: Who commissioned the mosaics at naos?

answer: Theodore Metochites

text: Theodore Metochites

question: The panels from naos show what influence on Byzantine art.

answer: Italian trecento

text: Italian trecento


text: The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, and thus contain few large intracellular structures. They lack a true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells. Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but structures such as the prokaryotic cytoskeleton and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm that give bacteria some complexity have been discovered. These subcellular levels of organization have been called "bacterial hyperstructures".

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: The

text: bacterial

text: cell

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: cell

text: membrane

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: lipid

text: cytoplasmic

text: or

text: plasma

text: membrane

text: This

text: membrane

text: encloses

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: and

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: barrier

text: to

text: hold

text: nutrients

text: proteins

text: and

text: other

text: essential

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: within

text: the

text: cell

text: As

text: they

text: are

text: prokaryotes

text: bacteria

text: do

text: not

text: usually

text: have

text: membrane

text: bound

text: organelles

text: in

text: their

text: cytoplasm

text: and

text: thus

text: contain

text: few

text: large

text: intracellular

text: structures

text: They

text: lack

text: a

text: true

text: nucleus

text: mitochondria

text: chloroplasts

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: organelles

text: present

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: Bacteria

text: were

text: once

text: seen

text: as

text: simple

text: bags

text: of

text: cytoplasm

text: but

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: prokaryotic

text: cytoskeleton

text: and

text: the

text: localization

text: of

text: proteins

text: to

text: specific

text: locations

text: within

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: that

text: give

text: bacteria

text: some

text: complexity

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: These

text: subcellular

text: levels

text: of

text: organization

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: bacterial

text: hyperstructures

question: What is a cell membrane?

answer: lipid

text: lipid

question: What does membrane accomplish?

answer: barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components

text: barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components

question: Do bacteria have membrabe-bound organelles in their cytoplasm?

answer: do not

text: do not

question: Absence of what make bacteria belong to prokaryotes?

answer: true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles

text: true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles

question: What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered?

answer: simple bags of cytoplasm

text: simple bags of cytoplasm


text: In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valence and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris. He was a Spanish colonel, and the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France. Jahn promoted the use of parallel bars, rings and high bar in international competition.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: eighteenth-

text: and

text: early

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Germany

text: three

text: pioneer

text: physical

text: educators

text: Johann

text: Friedrich

text: GutsMuths

text: and

text: Friedrich

text: Ludwig

text: Jahn

text: created

text: exercises

text: for

text: boys

text: and

text: young

text: men

text: on

text: apparatus

text: they

text: had

text: designed

text: that

text: ultimately

text: led

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: considered

text: modern

text: gymnastics

text: Don

text: Francisco

text: Amorós

text: y

text: Ondeano

text: was

text: born

text: on

text: February

text: in

text: Valence

text: and

text: died

text: on

text: August

text: in

text: Paris

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: Spanish

text: colonel

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: introduce

text: educative

text: gymnastic

text: in

text: France

text: Jahn

text: promoted

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: parallel

text: bars

text: rings

text: and

text: high

text: bar

text: in

text: international

text: competition

question: What two Germans were known for creating exercises on apparauses?

answer: Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852)

text: Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852)

question: What did the exercises lead to?

answer: to what is considered modern gymnastics

text: to what is considered modern gymnastics

question: Who introduced educative gymnastics in France?

answer: Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano

text: Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano

question: What did Jahn promote the use of?

answer: parallel bars, rings and high bar

text: parallel bars, rings and high bar


text: Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored. These homegrown productions were played on Chicago-area radio and in local discothèques catering mainly to African-American and gay audiences. By 1985, although the exact origins of the term are debated, "house music" encompassed these locally produced recordings. Subgenres of house, including deep house and acid house, quickly emerged and gained traction.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Starting

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: DJs

text: inspired

text: by

text: Jesse

text: Saunders

text: success

text: with

text: On

text: and

text: On

text: tried

text: their

text: hand

text: at

text: producing

text: and

text: releasing

text: original

text: compositions

text: These

text: compositions

text: used

text: newly

text: affordable

text: electronic

text: instruments

text: to

text: emulate

text: not

text: just

text: Saunders

text: song

text: but

text: the

text: edited

text: enhanced

text: styles

text: of

text: disco

text: and

text: other

text: dance

text: music

text: they

text: already

text: favored

text: These

text: homegrown

text: productions

text: were

text: played

text: on

text: Chicago

text: area

text: radio

text: and

text: in

text: local

text: discothèques

text: catering

text: mainly

text: to

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: gay

text: audiences

text: By

text: although

text: the

text: exact

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: are

text: debated

text: house

text: music

text: encompassed

text: these

text: locally

text: produced

text: recordings

text: Subgenres

text: of

text: house

text: including

text: deep

text: house

text: and

text: acid

text: house

text: quickly

text: emerged

text: and

text: gained

text: traction

question: when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit?

answer: 1984

question: what type of audience was early disco and dance catered to?

answer: African-American and gay audiences

text: African-American and gay audiences

question: what year was house music first used as a genre?

answer: 1985

question: what were two big subgenres of house music?

answer: deep house and acid house

text: deep house and acid house

question: what area radio was house music generally played on?

answer: Chicago-area radio

text: Chicago-area radio


text: The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: Criminal

text: Justice

text: Information

text: Services

text: CJIS

text: Division

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Clarksburg

text: West

text: Virginia

text: Organized

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: office

text: opened

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: youngest

text: agency

text: division

text: The

text: complex

text: is

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: three

text: football

text: fields

text: It

text: provides

text: a

text: main

text: repository

text: for

text: information

text: in

text: various

text: data

text: systems

text: Under

text: the

text: roof

text: of

text: the

text: CJIS

text: are

text: the

text: programs

text: for

text: the

text: National

text: Crime

text: Information

text: Center

text: NCIC

text: Uniform

text: Crime

text: Reporting

text: UCR

text: Fingerprint

text: Identification

text: Integrated

text: Automated

text: Fingerprint

text: Identification

text: System

text: IAFIS

text: NCIC

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Incident

text: Based

text: Reporting

text: System

text: NIBRS

text: Many

text: state

text: and

text: local

text: agencies

text: use

text: these

text: data

text: systems

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: investigations

text: and

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: database

text: using

text: secure

text: communications

text: FBI

text: provides

text: these

text: tools

text: of

text: sophisticated

text: identification

text: and

text: information

text: services

text: to

text: local

text: state

text: federal

text: and

text: international

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agencies

question: Where is the CJIS located?

answer: Clarksburg, West Virginia

text: Clarksburg, West Virginia

question: When was the CJIS created?

answer: 1991

question: What purpose does the CJIS serve?

answer: main repository for information

text: main repository for information

question: Where is the data for the NCIC located?

answer: Under the roof of the CJIS

text: Under the roof of the CJIS

question: Do states have access to CJIS?

answer: Many state and local agencies use these data

text: Many state and local agencies use these data


text: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century, numerous books were written and published locally, though few were directed at a wider market than Bermuda. (The latter consisted primarily of scholarly works rather than creative writing). The novelist Brian Burland (1931– 2010) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, Angela Barry has won critical recognition for her published fiction.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: first

text: notable

text: and

text: historically

text: important

text: book

text: credited

text: to

text: a

text: Bermudian

text: was

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: Mary

text: Prince

text: a

text: slave

text: narrative

text: by

text: Mary

text: Prince

text: It

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: Ernest

text: Graham

text: Ingham

text: an

text: expatriate

text: author

text: published

text: his

text: books

text: at

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: numerous

text: books

text: were

text: written

text: and

text: published

text: locally

text: though

text: few

text: were

text: directed

text: at

text: a

text: wider

text: market

text: than

text: Bermuda

text: The

text: latter

text: consisted

text: primarily

text: of

text: scholarly

text: works

text: rather

text: than

text: creative

text: writing

text: The

text: novelist

text: Brian

text: Burland

text: achieved

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: success

text: and

text: acclaim

text: internationally

text: More

text: recently

text: Angela

text: Barry

text: has

text: won

text: critical

text: recognition

text: for

text: her

text: published

text: fiction

question: What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim?

answer: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian

text: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian

question: What contribution to history is it believed the History of Mary Prince made?

answer: thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire

text: thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire

question: The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature?

answer: scholarly

text: scholarly

question: Which local author most recently enjoyed success for published works of fiction?

answer: Angela Barry

text: Angela Barry


text: Special Operations are "operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives employing military capabilities for which there is no broad conventional force requirement. These operations may require covert, clandestine, or low-visibility capabilities. Special operations are applicable across the ROMO. They can be conducted independently or in conjunction with operations of conventional forces or other government agencies and may include operations through, with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces. Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets" (JP 1-02).

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Special

text: Operations

text: are

text: operations

text: conducted

text: in

text: hostile

text: denied

text: or

text: politically

text: sensitive

text: environments

text: to

text: achieve

text: military

text: diplomatic

text: informational

text: and/or

text: economic

text: objectives

text: employing

text: military

text: capabilities

text: for

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: broad

text: conventional

text: force

text: requirement

text: These

text: operations

text: may

text: require

text: covert

text: clandestine

text: or

text: low

text: visibility

text: capabilities

text: Special

text: operations

text: are

text: applicable

text: across

text: the

text: ROMO

text: They

text: can

text: be

text: conducted

text: independently

text: or

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: operations

text: of

text: conventional

text: forces

text: or

text: other

text: government

text: agencies

text: and

text: may

text: include

text: operations

text: through

text: with

text: or

text: by

text: indigenous

text: or

text: surrogate

text: forces

text: Special

text: operations

text: differ

text: from

text: conventional

text: operations

text: in

text: degree

text: of

text: physical

text: and

text: political

text: risk

text: operational

text: techniques

text: mode

text: of

text: employment

text: independence

text: from

text: friendly

text: support

text: and

text: dependence

text: on

text: detailed

text: operational

text: intelligence

text: and

text: indigenous

text: assets

text: JP

question: What are Special Operations?

answer: operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments

text: operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments

question: What are the goals of Special Operations?

answer: achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives

text: achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives

question: What kind of forces can Special Operations missions employ?

answer: indigenous or surrogate

text: indigenous or surrogate

question: What is one of the ways that Special Operations is different from conventional methods?

answer: dependence on detailed operational intelligence

text: dependence on detailed operational intelligence


text: Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. In the REF results 46% of Imperial's submitted research was classified as 4*, 44% as 3*, 9% as 2* and 1% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.36. In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: Imperial

text: submitted

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: staff

text: across

text: units

text: of

text: assessment

text: to

text: the

text: Research

text: Excellence

text: Framework

text: REF

text: assessment

text: In

text: the

text: REF

text: results

text: of

text: Imperial

text: 's

text: submitted

text: research

text: was

text: classified

text: as

text: as

text: as

text: and

text: as

text: giving

text: an

text: overall

text: GPA

text: of

text: In

text: rankings

text: produced

text: by

text: Times

text: Higher

text: Education

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: REF

text: results

text: Imperial

text: was

text: ranked

text: overall

text: for

text: GPA

text: and

text: for

text: research

text: power

text: compared

text: to

text: and

text: respectively

text: in

text: the

text: equivalent

text: rankings

text: for

text: the

text: RAE

question: How many staff members did Imperial submit assessments of for the REF assessment?

answer: 1,257

question: In the 2014 rankings produced by Times Higher Education, what position was Imperial ranked for GPA?

answer: 2nd

question: How many units of assessment did Imperial submit?

answer: 14

question: How highly was Imperial ranked in "research power" in 2014?

answer: 8th

question: How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014?

answer: 1,257

question: What does REF stand for?

answer: Research Excellence Framework

text: Research Excellence Framework

question: What was the percentage of Imperials research that was seemed to be 3*?

answer: 44%

question: What did the REF give Imperial as an overall GPA?

answer: 3.36

question: What was Imperial's overall GPA rank according to the Times Higher Education?

answer: 2nd


text: Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: announced

text: his

text: candidacy

text: in

text: the

text: California

text: recall

text: election

text: for

text: Governor

text: of

text: California

text: on

text: the

text: August

text: episode

text: of

text: The

text: Tonight

text: Show

text: with

text: Jay

text: Leno

text: Schwarzenegger

text: had

text: the

text: most

text: name

text: recognition

text: in

text: a

text: crowded

text: field

text: of

text: candidates

text: but

text: he

text: had

text: never

text: held

text: public

text: office

text: and

text: his

text: political

text: views

text: were

text: unknown

text: to

text: most

text: Californians

text: His

text: candidacy

text: immediately

text: became

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: news

text: with

text: media

text: outlets

text: dubbing

text: him

text: the

text: Governator

text: referring

text: to

text: The

text: Terminator

text: movies

text: see

text: above

text: and

text: The

text: Running

text: Man

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: another

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: and

text: calling

text: the

text: recall

text: election

text: Total

text: Recall

text: yet

text: another

text: movie

text: starring

text: Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: declined

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: several

text: debates

text: with

text: other

text: recall

text: replacement

text: candidates

text: and

text: appeared

text: in

text: only

text: one

text: debate

text: on

text: September

question: The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date?

answer: August 6, 2003

text: August 6, 2003

question: How many debates did Schwarzenegger participate in before the 2003 California recall election?

answer: one

text: one


text: After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, "Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on." When asked in 2014 "Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?", Schwarzenegger replied "I'm least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up".

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: After

text: the

text: scandal

text: actress

text: Brigitte

text: Nielsen

text: came

text: forward

text: and

text: stated

text: that

text: she

text: too

text: had

text: an

text: affair

text: with

text: Schwarzenegger

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: Shriver

text: saying

text: Maybe

text: I

text: would

text: n't

text: have

text: got

text: into

text: it

text: if

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: 'm

text: going

text: to

text: marry

text: Maria

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: dead

text: serious

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: n't

text: and

text: our

text: affair

text: carried

text: on

text: When

text: asked

text: in

text: Of

text: all

text: the

text: things

text: you

text: are

text: famous

text: for

text: which

text: are

text: you

text: least

text: proud

text: of

text: Schwarzenegger

text: replied

text: I

text: 'm

text: least

text: proud

text: of

text: the

text: mistakes

text: I

text: made

text: that

text: caused

text: my

text: family

text: pain

text: and

text: split

text: us

text: up

question: What actress claimed she also carried on an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was with Shriver?

answer: Brigitte Nielsen

text: Brigitte Nielsen


text: The degree to which adolescents are perceived as autonomous beings varies widely by culture, as do the behaviors that represent this emerging autonomy. Psychologists have identified three main types of autonomy: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy. Emotional autonomy is defined in terms of an adolescent's relationships with others, and often includes the development of more mature emotional connections with adults and peers. Behavioral autonomy encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern. Cultural differences are especially visible in this category because it concerns issues of dating, social time with peers, and time-management decisions. Cognitive autonomy describes the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation. Converging influences from adolescent cognitive development, expanding social relationships, an increasingly adultlike appearance, and the acceptance of more rights and responsibilities enhance feelings of autonomy for adolescents. Proper development of autonomy has been tied to good mental health, high self-esteem, self-motivated tendencies, positive self-concepts, and self-initiating and regulating behaviors. Furthermore, it has been found that adolescents' mental health is best when their feelings about autonomy match closely with those of their parents.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: The

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: adolescents

text: are

text: perceived

text: as

text: autonomous

text: beings

text: varies

text: widely

text: by

text: culture

text: as

text: do

text: the

text: behaviors

text: that

text: represent

text: this

text: emerging

text: autonomy

text: Psychologists

text: have

text: identified

text: three

text: main

text: types

text: of

text: autonomy

text: emotional

text: independence

text: behavioral

text: autonomy

text: and

text: cognitive

text: autonomy

text: Emotional

text: autonomy

text: is

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: an

text: adolescent

text: 's

text: relationships

text: with

text: others

text: and

text: often

text: includes

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: more

text: mature

text: emotional

text: connections

text: with

text: adults

text: and

text: peers

text: Behavioral

text: autonomy

text: encompasses

text: an

text: adolescent

text: 's

text: developing

text: ability

text: to

text: regulate

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: own

text: behavior

text: to

text: act

text: on

text: personal

text: decisions

text: and

text: to

text: self

text: govern

text: Cultural

text: differences

text: are

text: especially

text: visible

text: in

text: this

text: category

text: because

text: it

text: concerns

text: issues

text: of

text: dating

text: social

text: time

text: with

text: peers

text: and

text: time

text: management

text: decisions

text: Cognitive

text: autonomy

text: describes

text: the

text: capacity

text: for

text: an

text: adolescent

text: to

text: partake

text: in

text: processes

text: of

text: independent

text: reasoning

text: and

text: decision

text: making

text: without

text: excessive

text: reliance

text: on

text: social

text: validation

text: Converging

text: influences

text: from

text: adolescent

text: cognitive

text: development

text: expanding

text: social

text: relationships

text: an

text: increasingly

text: adultlike

text: appearance

text: and

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: more

text: rights

text: and

text: responsibilities

text: enhance

text: feelings

text: of

text: autonomy

text: for

text: adolescents

text: Proper

text: development

text: of

text: autonomy

text: has

text: been

text: tied

text: to

text: good

text: mental

text: health

text: high

text: self

text: esteem

text: self

text: motivated

text: tendencies

text: positive

text: self

text: concepts

text: and

text: self

text: initiating

text: and

text: regulating

text: behaviors

text: Furthermore

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: that

text: adolescents

text: mental

text: health

text: is

text: best

text: when

text: their

text: feelings

text: about

text: autonomy

text: match

text: closely

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: their

text: parents

question: What are the three main types of autonomy?

answer: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy

text: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy

question: How is behavioral autonomy defined?

answer: encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern

text: encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern

question: Adolescent cultural differences are especially visible in which type of autonomy?

answer: Behavioral

text: Behavioral

question: How is cognitive autonomy defined?

answer: the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation

text: the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation

question: Is an adolescent's mental health at its best when their feelings of autonomy match closely with their parents or when they are at odds?

answer: match closely

text: match closely


text: The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of over 40,000.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: higher

text: education

text: sector

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Southampton

text: Solent

text: University

text: together

text: have

text: a

text: student

text: population

text: of

text: over

question: Is Southampton's higher education sector weak or strong?

answer: strong

text: strong

question: What's the combined student population of the two major universities in Southampton?

answer: over 40,000

text: over 40,000

question: What's the name of the institution of higher learning with "Solent" in its name?

answer: Southampton Solent University

text: Southampton Solent University


text: Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of its ".tv" Internet domain name, which is now managed by Verisign until 2021. The ".tv" domain name generates around $2.2 million each year from royalties, which is about ten per cent of the government's total revenue. Domain name income paid most of the cost of paving the streets of Funafuti and installing street lighting in mid-2002. Tuvalu also generates income from stamps by the Tuvalu Philatelic Bureau and income from the Tuvalu Ship Registry.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Government

text: revenues

text: largely

text: come

text: from

text: sales

text: of

text: fishing

text: licenses

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Trust

text: Fund

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: lease

text: of

text: its

text: highly

text: fortuitous

text: .tv

text: Internet

text: Top

text: Level

text: Domain

text: TLD

text: In

text: Tuvalu

text: began

text: deriving

text: revenue

text: from

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: its

text: area

text: code

text: for

text: premium

text: rate

text: telephone

text: numbers

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: commercialisation

text: of

text: its

text: .tv

text: Internet

text: domain

text: name

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: managed

text: by

text: Verisign

text: until

text: The

text: .tv

text: domain

text: name

text: generates

text: around

text: million

text: each

text: year

text: from

text: royalties

text: which

text: is

text: about

text: ten

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: total

text: revenue

text: Domain

text: name

text: income

text: paid

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: paving

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Funafuti

text: and

text: installing

text: street

text: lighting

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: also

text: generates

text: income

text: from

text: stamps

text: by

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Philatelic

text: Bureau

text: and

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Ship

text: Registry

question: How much money does Tuvalu's tv domain name earn each year?

answer: $2.2 million

text: $2.2 million

question: What si Tuvalu's tv domain?

answer: Top Level Domain

text: Top Level Domain

question: What company is managing Tuvalu's tv domain?

answer: Verisign

text: Verisign

question: How much of the total government revenue comes from the domain name?

answer: ten per cent

text: ten per cent

question: What  income source does Tuvalu earn from shipping?

answer: Tuvalu Ship Registry

text: Tuvalu Ship Registry


text: In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper. Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: In

text: May

text: Gaspar

text: de

text: Portolà

text: established

text: the

text: Fort

text: Presidio

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: on

text: a

text: hill

text: near

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: River

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: settlement

text: by

text: Europeans

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: In

text: July

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Mission

text: San

text: Diego

text: de

text: Alcalá

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Franciscan

text: friars

text: under

text: Junípero

text: Serra

text: By

text: the

text: mission

text: boasted

text: the

text: largest

text: native

text: population

text: in

text: Alta

text: California

text: with

text: over

text: neophytes

text: living

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: mission

text: proper

text: Mission

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: the

text: southern

text: anchor

text: in

text: California

text: of

text: the

text: historic

text: mission

text: trail

text: El

text: Camino

text: Real

text: Both

text: the

text: Presidio

text: and

text: the

text: Mission

text: are

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmarks

question: Who did Junipero Serra commission to found the Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769?

answer: Franciscan friars

text: Franciscan friars

question: What historic trail starting point developed at Mission San Diego?

answer: El Camino Real

text: El Camino Real

question: What was developed on a hill by the San Diego River?

answer: Fort Presidio of San Diego

text: Fort Presidio of San Diego

question: How many neophytes resided in the San Diego area in 1797?

answer: 1,400

question: What are the Presidio and Mission considered today?

answer: National Historic Landmarks

text: National Historic Landmarks


text: Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: Education

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: officially

text: compulsory

text: between

text: seven

text: and

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: However

text: the

text: education

text: infrastructure

text: is

text: inadequate

text: to

text: meet

text: current

text: needs

text: Statistics

text: vary

text: at

text: the

text: elementary

text: level

text: suggesting

text: that

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: school

text: aged

text: children

text: attend

text: primary

text: school

text: Approximately

text: attend

text: secondary

text: school

text: Student

text: teacher

text: ratios

text: are

text: high

text: to

text: at

text: the

text: elementary

text: level

text: and

text: to

text: at

text: the

text: secondary

text: level

text: There

text: are

text: an

text: average

text: students

text: per

text: classroom

text: at

text: the

text: elementary

text: level

text: and

text: per

text: classroom

text: at

text: the

text: secondary

text: level

text: Learning

text: hours

text: at

text: school

text: are

text: often

text: less

text: than

text: six

text: hours

text: per

text: day

text: Skill

text: shortages

text: are

text: present

text: at

text: all

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: education

text: system

text: and

text: funding

text: for

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: education

text: vary

text: significantly

text: by

text: gender

text: and

text: location

text: Illiteracy

text: estimates

text: for

text: Eritrea

text: range

text: from

text: around

text: to

text: as

text: high

text: as

question: What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea?

answer: between seven and 13 years of age

text: between seven and 13 years of age

question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?

answer: 70%

question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school?

answer: 61%

question: What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools?

answer: 45 to 1

text: 45 to 1

question: What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools?

answer: 54 to 1

text: 54 to 1


text: Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal. German strategist and field marshal Alfred von Schlieffen concluded that "Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless" while "[attaining] the object of the campaign: the conquest of North Italy."

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Although

text: critics

text: have

text: blamed

text: Napoleon

text: for

text: several

text: tactical

text: mistakes

text: preceding

text: the

text: battle

text: they

text: have

text: also

text: praised

text: his

text: audacity

text: for

text: selecting

text: a

text: risky

text: campaign

text: strategy

text: choosing

text: to

text: invade

text: the

text: Italian

text: peninsula

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: when

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: French

text: invasions

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: near

text: or

text: along

text: the

text: coastline

text: As

text: Chandler

text: points

text: out

text: Napoleon

text: spent

text: almost

text: a

text: year

text: getting

text: the

text: Austrians

text: out

text: of

text: Italy

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: campaign

text: in

text: it

text: took

text: him

text: only

text: a

text: month

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: same

text: goal

text: German

text: strategist

text: and

text: field

text: marshal

text: Alfred

text: von

text: Schlieffen

text: concluded

text: that

text: Bonaparte

text: did

text: not

text: annihilate

text: his

text: enemy

text: but

text: eliminated

text: him

text: and

text: rendered

text: him

text: harmless

text: while

text: attaining

text: the

text: object

text: of

text: the

text: campaign

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: North

text: Italy

question: From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy?

answer: the north

text: the north

question: What direction did French invasions of Italy normally come from?

answer: the west

text: the west

question: Around how long did it take Napoleon to push Austria out of Italy in his first experiences there?

answer: a year

text: a year

question: How long did it take Napoleon to drive Austria from Italy in 1800?

answer: a month

text: a month

question: According to Alfred von Shlieffen, what was the object of Napoleon's 1800 Italian campaign?

answer: the conquest of North Italy

text: the conquest of North Italy


text: A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: A

text: special

text: case

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: El

text: Colegio

text: Nacional

text: created

text: during

text: the

text: district

text: 's

text: governmental

text: period

text: of

text: Miguel

text: Alemán

text: Valdés

text: to

text: have

text: in

text: Mexico

text: an

text: institution

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: select

text: and

text: privileged

text: group

text: of

text: Mexican

text: scientists

text: and

text: artists

text: belonging

text: to

text: this

text: institution

text: membership

text: is

text: for

text: life

text: include

text: among

text: many

text: Mario

text: Lavista

text: Ruy

text: Pérez

text: Tamayo

text: José

text: Emilio

text: Pacheco

text: Marcos

text: Moshinsky

text: Guillermo

text: Soberón

text: Acevedo

text: Members

text: are

text: obligated

text: to

text: publicly

text: disclose

text: their

text: works

text: through

text: conferences

text: and

text: public

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: concerts

text: and

text: recitals

question: Who created El Colegio Nacional?

answer: Miguel Alemán Valdés

text: Miguel Alemán Valdés

question: Where do the superior artists and scientists of Mexico City have the option to attend?

answer: El Colegio Nacional

text: El Colegio Nacional

question: What must members of El Colegio Nacional do?

answer: publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events

text: publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events

question: What is El Colegio Nacional modeled after?

answer: College of France

text: College of France


text: Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy, medicine, manufacturing and mining. A decisive moment came when 'chymistry' was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist, in 1661; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work. Other important steps included the gravimetric experimental practices of medical chemists like William Cullen, Joseph Black, Torbern Bergman and Pierre Macquer and through the work of Antoine Lavoisier (Father of Modern Chemistry) on oxygen and the law of conservation of mass, which refuted phlogiston theory. The theory that all matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest constituents of matter that cannot be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter, was provided by John Dalton in 1803, although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven. Dalton also formulated the law of mass relationships. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev composed his periodic table of elements on the basis of Dalton's discoveries.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Modern

text: chemistry

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: sixteenth

text: through

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: centuries

text: through

text: the

text: material

text: practices

text: and

text: theories

text: promoted

text: by

text: alchemy

text: medicine

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: mining

text: A

text: decisive

text: moment

text: came

text: when

text: chymistry

text: was

text: distinguished

text: from

text: alchemy

text: by

text: Robert

text: Boyle

text: in

text: his

text: work

text: The

text: Sceptical

text: Chymist

text: in

text: although

text: the

text: alchemical

text: tradition

text: continued

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: his

text: work

text: Other

text: important

text: steps

text: included

text: the

text: gravimetric

text: experimental

text: practices

text: of

text: medical

text: chemists

text: like

text: William

text: Cullen

text: Joseph

text: Black

text: Torbern

text: Bergman

text: and

text: Pierre

text: Macquer

text: and

text: through

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Antoine

text: Lavoisier

text: Father

text: of

text: Modern

text: Chemistry

text: on

text: oxygen

text: and

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: conservation

text: of

text: mass

text: which

text: refuted

text: phlogiston

text: theory

text: The

text: theory

text: that

text: all

text: matter

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: atoms

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: smallest

text: constituents

text: of

text: matter

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: broken

text: down

text: without

text: losing

text: the

text: basic

text: chemical

text: and

text: physical

text: properties

text: of

text: that

text: matter

text: was

text: provided

text: by

text: John

text: Dalton

text: in

text: although

text: the

text: question

text: took

text: a

text: hundred

text: years

text: to

text: settle

text: as

text: proven

text: Dalton

text: also

text: formulated

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: mass

text: relationships

text: In

text: Dmitri

text: Mendeleev

text: composed

text: his

text: periodic

text: table

text: of

text: elements

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Dalton

text: 's

text: discoveries

question: When did modern chemistry come into existence?

answer: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries

text: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries

question: Who decided that chemistry and alchemy were different?

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

question: What book was written by Robert Boyle in 1661?

answer: The Sceptical Chymist

text: The Sceptical Chymist

question: What was Antoine Lavoisier's nickname?

answer: Father of Modern Chemistry

text: Father of Modern Chemistry

question: Which theory did the law of conservation of mass disagree with?

answer: phlogiston theory

text: phlogiston theory


text: After the band's six-night stand at New York's Uris Theatre in May 1974, Brian May collapsed and was diagnosed as having hepatitis. While recuperating, May was initially absent when the band started work on their third album, but he returned midway through the recording process. Released in 1974, Sheer Heart Attack reached number two in the United Kingdom, sold well throughout Europe, and went gold in the United States. It gave the band their first real experience of international success, and was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic. The album experimented with a variety of musical genres, including British music hall, heavy metal, ballads, ragtime, and Caribbean. At this point, Queen started to move away from the progressive tendencies of their first two releases into a more radio-friendly, song-orientated style. Sheer Heart Attack introduced new sound and melody patterns that would be refined on their next album, A Night at the Opera.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: After

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: six

text: night

text: stand

text: at

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Uris

text: Theatre

text: in

text: May

text: Brian

text: May

text: collapsed

text: and

text: was

text: diagnosed

text: as

text: having

text: hepatitis

text: While

text: recuperating

text: May

text: was

text: initially

text: absent

text: when

text: the

text: band

text: started

text: work

text: on

text: their

text: third

text: album

text: but

text: he

text: returned

text: midway

text: through

text: the

text: recording

text: process

text: Released

text: in

text: Sheer

text: Heart

text: Attack

text: reached

text: number

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: sold

text: well

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: went

text: gold

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: gave

text: the

text: band

text: their

text: first

text: real

text: experience

text: of

text: international

text: success

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: hit

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: The

text: album

text: experimented

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: musical

text: genres

text: including

text: British

text: music

text: hall

text: heavy

text: metal

text: ballads

text: ragtime

text: and

text: Caribbean

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: Queen

text: started

text: to

text: move

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: progressive

text: tendencies

text: of

text: their

text: first

text: two

text: releases

text: into

text: a

text: more

text: radio

text: friendly

text: song

text: orientated

text: style

text: Sheer

text: Heart

text: Attack

text: introduced

text: new

text: sound

text: and

text: melody

text: patterns

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: refined

text: on

text: their

text: next

text: album

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

question: What was Brian May diagnosed with after collapsing in 1974?

answer: hepatitis

text: hepatitis

question: What was the name of Queen's third album?

answer: Sheer Heart Attack

text: Sheer Heart Attack

question: What Queen album was released after Sheer Heart Attack?

answer: A Night at the Opera

text: A Night at the Opera

question: Queen's Sheer Heart Attack reached what number on the United Kingdom charts?

answer: two

text: two

question: What was the name of the venue where Brian May collapsed?

answer: New York's Uris Theatre

text: New York's Uris Theatre


text: Hyderabadi cuisine comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and meat dishes and the skilled use of various spices. Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem, with their blend of Mughlai and Arab cuisines, have become iconic dishes of India. Hyderabadi cuisine is highly influenced by Mughlai and to some extent by French, Arabic, Turkish, Iranian and native Telugu and Marathwada cuisines. Other popular native dishes include nihari, chakna, baghara baingan and the desserts qubani ka meetha, double ka meetha and kaddu ki kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabadi

text: cuisine

text: comprises

text: a

text: broad

text: repertoire

text: of

text: rice

text: wheat

text: and

text: meat

text: dishes

text: and

text: the

text: skilled

text: use

text: of

text: various

text: spices

text: Hyderabadi

text: biryani

text: and

text: Hyderabadi

text: haleem

text: with

text: their

text: blend

text: of

text: Mughlai

text: and

text: Arab

text: cuisines

text: have

text: become

text: iconic

text: dishes

text: of

text: India

text: Hyderabadi

text: cuisine

text: is

text: highly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Mughlai

text: and

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: by

text: French

text: Arabic

text: Turkish

text: Iranian

text: and

text: native

text: Telugu

text: and

text: Marathwada

text: cuisines

text: Other

text: popular

text: native

text: dishes

text: include

text: nihari

text: chakna

text: baghara

text: baingan

text: and

text: the

text: desserts

text: qubani

text: ka

text: meetha

text: double

text: ka

text: meetha

text: and

text: kaddu

text: ki

text: kheer

text: a

text: sweet

text: porridge

text: made

text: with

text: sweet

text: gourd

question: What type of foods are generally thought of as a part of Hyderabadi cuisine?

answer: rice, wheat and meat dishes

text: rice, wheat and meat dishes

question: What is a large influence on Hyderabadi food?

answer: Mughlai

text: Mughlai

question: What is kaddu ki kheer?

answer: a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd

text: a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd

question: What types of cuisine are noted within Hyderabadi haleem?

answer: Mughlai and Arab

text: Mughlai and Arab


text: Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for seasons four, six, nine, and fourteen such as Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in season four, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in season six, Shania Twain in season eight, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in season nine, and season eight runner-up, Adam Lambert, in season fourteen.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Guest

text: judges

text: may

text: occasionally

text: be

text: introduced

text: In

text: season

text: two

text: guest

text: judges

text: such

text: as

text: Lionel

text: Richie

text: and

text: Robin

text: Gibb

text: were

text: used

text: and

text: in

text: season

text: three

text: Donna

text: Summer

text: Quentin

text: Tarantino

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: mentors

text: also

text: joined

text: as

text: judges

text: to

text: critique

text: the

text: performances

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: rounds

text: Guest

text: judges

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: audition

text: rounds

text: for

text: seasons

text: four

text: six

text: nine

text: and

text: fourteen

text: such

text: as

text: Gene

text: Simmons

text: and

text: LL

text: Cool

text: J

text: in

text: season

text: four

text: Jewel

text: and

text: Olivia

text: Newton

text: John

text: in

text: season

text: six

text: Shania

text: Twain

text: in

text: season

text: eight

text: Neil

text: Patrick

text: Harris

text: Avril

text: Lavigne

text: and

text: Katy

text: Perry

text: in

text: season

text: nine

text: and

text: season

text: eight

text: runner

text: up

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: in

text: season

text: fourteen

question: In what season was Lionel Richie a guest judge on American Idol?

answer: season two

text: season two

question: Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen?

answer: Adam Lambert

text: Adam Lambert

question: In what season was Donna Summer a guest judge on American Idol?

answer: season three

text: season three

question: In which season was Shania Twain a guest judge on American Idol?

answer: season six

text: season six

question: Which season of American Idol featured Katy Perry as a guest judge?

answer: season nine

text: season nine

question: Who were the guest judges in season two?

answer: Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb

text: Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb

question: When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions?

answer: season eight

text: season eight

question: When did Donna Summer help the contestants during the final rounds?

answer: season three

text: season three