text: The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments that he or she makes regarding certain personal and social traits. It follows that the core of the research in this paradigm investigates the degrees to which a person has made certain explorations, and the degree to which he or she displays a commitment to those explorations.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: The

text: Neo

text: Eriksonian

text: identity

text: status

text: paradigm

text: emerged

text: in

text: later

text: years[when

text: driven

text: largely

text: by

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: James

text: Marcia

text: This

text: paradigm

text: focuses

text: upon

text: the

text: twin

text: concepts

text: of

text: exploration

text: and

text: commitment

text: The

text: central

text: idea

text: is

text: that

text: any

text: individual

text: 's

text: sense

text: of

text: identity

text: is

text: determined

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: explorations

text: and

text: commitments

text: that

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: makes

text: regarding

text: certain

text: personal

text: and

text: social

text: traits

text: It

text: follows

text: that

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: research

text: in

text: this

text: paradigm

text: investigates

text: the

text: degrees

text: to

text: which

text: a

text: person

text: has

text: made

text: certain

text: explorations

text: and

text: the

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: displays

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: those

text: explorations

question: What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?

answer: Neo-Eriksonian

text: Neo-Eriksonian

question: The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts?

answer: exploration and commitment

text: exploration and commitment

question: In the Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm, exploration and commitments determine what in large part?

answer: any individual's sense of identity

text: any individual's sense of identity


text: Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burke dynasty descends from an Anglo-Norman knight surnamed de Burgh (latinised as de Burgo) who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Dublin

text: Ireland

text: His

text: mother

text: Mary

text: née

text: Nagle

text: c.

text: was

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: who

text: hailed

text: from

text: a

text: déclassé

text: County

text: Cork

text: family

text: and

text: a

text: cousin

text: of

text: Nano

text: Nagle

text: whereas

text: his

text: father

text: a

text: successful

text: solicitor

text: Richard

text: died

text: was

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Ireland

text: it

text: remains

text: unclear

text: whether

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: Richard

text: Burke

text: who

text: converted

text: from

text: Catholicism

text: The

text: Burke

text: dynasty

text: descends

text: from

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: knight

text: surnamed

text: de

text: Burgh

text: latinised

text: as

text: de

text: Burgo

text: who

text: arrived

text: in

text: Ireland

text: in

text: following

text: Henry

text: II

text: of

text: England

text: 's

text: invasion

text: of

text: Ireland

question: Where was Burke born?

answer: Dublin, Ireland

text: Dublin, Ireland

question: What was Burke's mother's maiden name?

answer: Nagle

text: Nagle

question: When did Burke's mother die?

answer: 1770

question: When did Burke's father die?

answer: 1761

question: When did Burke's ancestors arrive in Ireland?

answer: 1185


text: Over the years the city has been home to people of various ethnicities, resulting in a range of different traditions and cultural practices. In one decade, the population increased from 427,045 in 1991 to 671,805 in 2001. The population was projected to reach 915,071 in 2011 and 1,319,597 by 2021. To keep up this population growth, the KMC-controlled area of 5,076.6 hectares (12,545 acres) has expanded to 8,214 hectares (20,300 acres) in 2001. With this new area, the population density which was 85 in 1991 is still 85 in 2001; it is likely to jump to 111 in 2011 and 161 in 2021.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: people

text: of

text: various

text: ethnicities

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: different

text: traditions

text: and

text: cultural

text: practices

text: In

text: one

text: decade

text: the

text: population

text: increased

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: projected

text: to

text: reach

text: in

text: and

text: by

text: To

text: keep

text: up

text: this

text: population

text: growth

text: the

text: KMC

text: controlled

text: area

text: of

text: hectares

text: acres

text: has

text: expanded

text: to

text: hectares

text: acres

text: in

text: With

text: this

text: new

text: area

text: the

text: population

text: density

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: jump

text: to

text: in

text: and

text: in

question: What was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?

answer: 427,045

question: About how many people are likely to live in Kathmandu in 2021?

answer: 1,319,597

question: How dense was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?

answer: 85

question: How many acres of land did the KMC control in 2001?

answer: 20,300


text: Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm).

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: Rainfall

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: averages

text: about

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: annually

text: The

text: average

text: mean

text: rainfall

text: is

text: inches

text: mm

text: and

text: the

text: median

text: is

text: inches

text: mm

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: rainfall

text: occurs

text: during

text: the

text: cooler

text: months

text: The

text: months

text: of

text: December

text: through

text: March

text: supply

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rain

text: with

text: February

text: the

text: only

text: month

text: averaging

text: inches

text: mm

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: rain

text: The

text: months

text: of

text: May

text: through

text: September

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: almost

text: completely

text: dry

text: Though

text: there

text: are

text: few

text: wet

text: days

text: per

text: month

text: during

text: the

text: rainy

text: period

text: rainfall

text: can

text: be

text: heavy

text: when

text: it

text: does

text: fall

text: Rainfall

text: is

text: usually

text: greater

text: in

text: the

text: higher

text: elevations

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: elevation

text: areas

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: can

text: receive

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: rain

text: a

text: year

text: Variability

text: of

text: rainfall

text: can

text: be

text: extreme

text: in

text: the

text: wettest

text: years

text: of

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: inches

text: mm

text: fell

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: whilst

text: in

text: the

text: driest

text: years

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: inches

text: mm

text: has

text: fallen

text: for

text: a

text: full

text: year

text: The

text: wettest

text: month

text: on

text: record

text: has

text: been

text: December

text: with

text: inches

text: mm

question: What is the average rainfall in February along the coast?

answer: 2 inches (51 mm)

text: 2 inches (51 mm)

question: What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1921?

answer: wettest month on record

text: wettest month on record

question: What months are nearly completely dry in San Diego?

answer: May through September

text: May through September

question: What is the average annual precipitation along San Diego's coast?

answer: 10.65 inches (271 mm)

text: 10.65 inches (271 mm)

question: What areas of San Diego typically experienced the greatest rainfall?

answer: higher elevation areas

text: higher elevation areas


text: A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation. There are nine kilocalories in each gram of fat. Fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid, catalpic acid, eleostearic acid and punicic acid, in addition to providing energy, represent potent immune modulatory molecules.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: A

text: molecule

text: of

text: dietary

text: fat

text: typically

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: fatty

text: acids

text: containing

text: long

text: chains

text: of

text: carbon

text: and

text: hydrogen

text: atoms

text: bonded

text: to

text: a

text: glycerol

text: They

text: are

text: typically

text: found

text: as

text: triglycerides

text: three

text: fatty

text: acids

text: attached

text: to

text: one

text: glycerol

text: backbone

text: Fats

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: saturated

text: or

text: unsaturated

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: detailed

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: fatty

text: acids

text: involved

text: Saturated

text: fats

text: have

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: carbon

text: atoms

text: in

text: their

text: fatty

text: acid

text: chains

text: bonded

text: to

text: hydrogen

text: atoms

text: whereas

text: unsaturated

text: fats

text: have

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: carbon

text: atoms

text: double

text: bonded

text: so

text: their

text: molecules

text: have

text: relatively

text: fewer

text: hydrogen

text: atoms

text: than

text: a

text: saturated

text: fatty

text: acid

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: length

text: Unsaturated

text: fats

text: may

text: be

text: further

text: classified

text: as

text: monounsaturated

text: one

text: double

text: bond

text: or

text: polyunsaturated

text: many

text: double

text: bonds

text: Furthermore

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: bond

text: in

text: the

text: fatty

text: acid

text: chain

text: unsaturated

text: fatty

text: acids

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: or

text: fatty

text: acids

text: Trans

text: fats

text: are

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: unsaturated

text: fat

text: with

text: trans

text: isomer

text: bonds

text: these

text: are

text: rare

text: in

text: nature

text: and

text: in

text: foods

text: from

text: natural

text: sources

text: they

text: are

text: typically

text: created

text: in

text: an

text: industrial

text: process

text: called

text: partial

text: hydrogenation

text: There

text: are

text: nine

text: kilocalories

text: in

text: each

text: gram

text: of

text: fat

text: Fatty

text: acids

text: such

text: as

text: conjugated

text: linoleic

text: acid

text: catalpic

text: acid

text: eleostearic

text: acid

text: and

text: punicic

text: acid

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: providing

text: energy

text: represent

text: potent

text: immune

text: modulatory

text: molecules

question: Dietary fat can be said to consist of fatty acids bonded to which molecule?

answer: glycerol

text: glycerol

question: How many glycerol backbones does a triglyceride contain?

answer: one

text: one

question: What needs to be examined to determine whether a fat can be classified as saturated or unsaturated?

answer: the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved

text: the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved

question: Which element is present that is bonded to all of the carbons in a saturated fat?

answer: hydrogen

text: hydrogen

question: What kind of fat can a trans fat be categorized as?

answer: unsaturated fat

text: unsaturated fat


text: Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Whitehead

text: gradually

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: from

text: mathematics

text: to

text: philosophy

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: finally

text: to

text: metaphysics

text: He

text: developed

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: metaphysical

text: system

text: which

text: radically

text: departed

text: from

text: most

text: of

text: western

text: philosophy

text: Whitehead

text: argued

text: that

text: reality

text: consists

text: of

text: processes

text: rather

text: than

text: material

text: objects

text: and

text: that

text: processes

text: are

text: best

text: defined

text: by

text: their

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: processes

text: thus

text: rejecting

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: reality

text: is

text: fundamentally

text: constructed

text: by

text: bits

text: of

text: matter

text: that

text: exist

text: independently

text: of

text: one

text: another

text: Today

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: philosophical

text: works

text: particularly

text: Process

text: and

text: Reality

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: foundational

text: texts

text: of

text: process

text: philosophy

question: During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?

answer: 1910s

question: After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore?

answer: philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics

text: philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics

question: As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?

answer: processes

text: processes

question: What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed?

answer: reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another

text: reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another

question: What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy?

answer: Process and Reality

text: Process and Reality

question: What did Whitehead first study?

answer: mathematics

text: mathematics

question: What was Whitehead's second area of study?

answer: philosophy

text: philosophy

question: What was Whitehead's final area of study?

answer: metaphysics

text: metaphysics

question: What type of system did he develop?

answer: metaphysical

text: metaphysical

question: What did Whitehead argue reality consists of?

answer: processes

text: processes


text: In July 2012, the USB Promoters Group announced the finalization of the USB Power Delivery ("PD") specification, an extension that specifies using certified "PD aware" USB cables with standard USB Type-A and Type-B connectors to deliver increased power (more than 7.5 W) to devices with larger power demand. Devices can request higher currents and supply voltages from compliant hosts –  up to 2 A at 5 V (for a power consumption of up to 10 W), and optionally up to 3 A or 5 A at either 12 V (36 W or 60 W) or 20 V (60 W or 100 W). In all cases, both host-to-device and device-to-host configurations are supported.

title: USB

title: USB

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: USB

text: Promoters

text: Group

text: announced

text: the

text: finalization

text: of

text: the

text: USB

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: PD

text: specification

text: an

text: extension

text: that

text: specifies

text: using

text: certified

text: PD

text: aware

text: USB

text: cables

text: with

text: standard

text: USB

text: Type

text: A

text: and

text: Type

text: B

text: connectors

text: to

text: deliver

text: increased

text: power

text: more

text: than

text: W

text: to

text: devices

text: with

text: larger

text: power

text: demand

text: Devices

text: can

text: request

text: higher

text: currents

text: and

text: supply

text: voltages

text: from

text: compliant

text: hosts

text: up

text: to

text: A

text: at

text: V

text: for

text: a

text: power

text: consumption

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: W

text: and

text: optionally

text: up

text: to

text: A

text: or

text: A

text: at

text: either

text: V

text: W

text: or

text: W

text: or

text: V

text: W

text: or

text: W

text: In

text: all

text: cases

text: both

text: host

text: to

text: device

text: and

text: device

text: to

text: host

text: configurations

text: are

text: supported

question: When did the USB Promoters Group announce the finalization of the USB Power Delivery specification?

answer: In July 2012

text: In July 2012

question: What can devices request?

answer: higher currents and supply voltages from compliant hosts

text: higher currents and supply voltages from compliant hosts

question: In all cases, both host-to-device and device-to-host configurations are what?

answer: supported

text: supported


text: In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: In

text: The

text: Times

text: and

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Times

text: were

text: bought

text: from

text: Thomson

text: by

text: Rupert

text: Murdoch

text: 's

text: News

text: International

text: The

text: acquisition

text: followed

text: three

text: weeks

text: of

text: intensive

text: bargaining

text: with

text: the

text: unions

text: by

text: company

text: negotiators

text: John

text: Collier

text: and

text: Bill

text: O'Neill

question: What corporation bought The Times in 1981?

answer: News International

text: News International

question: Who owned the major corporation that bought The Times in 1981?

answer: Rupert Murdoch

text: Rupert Murdoch

question: During the acquisition of The Times in 1981, John Collier and Bill O'Neill were part of what group that did three weeks of intensive bargaining?

answer: the unions

text: the unions


text: Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Phillip

text: Bard

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: theory

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: animals

text: Bard

text: found

text: that

text: sensory

text: motor

text: and

text: physiological

text: information

text: all

text: had

text: to

text: pass

text: through

text: the

text: diencephalon

text: particularly

text: the

text: thalamus

text: before

text: being

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: further

text: processing

text: Therefore

text: Cannon

text: also

text: argued

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: anatomically

text: possible

text: for

text: sensory

text: events

text: to

text: trigger

text: a

text: physiological

text: response

text: prior

text: to

text: triggering

text: conscious

text: awareness

text: and

text: emotional

text: stimuli

text: had

text: to

text: trigger

text: both

text: physiological

text: and

text: experiential

text: aspects

text: of

text: emotion

text: simultaneously

question: What is the thalamus a part of?

answer: the diencephalon

text: the diencephalon

question: Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?

answer: Cannon

text: Cannon

question: What creatures did Bard experiment on?

answer: animals

text: animals

question: Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?

answer: physiological

text: physiological


text: Ultimately, World War I created a decisive break with the old world order that had emerged after the Napoleonic Wars, which was modified by the mid-19th century's nationalistic revolutions. The results of World War I would be important factors in the development of World War II approximately 20 years later. More immediate to the time, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that redrew the political boundaries of West Asia. The huge conglomeration of territories and peoples formerly ruled by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was divided into several new nations. The partitioning brought the creation of the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey. The League of Nations granted France mandates over Syria and Lebanon and granted the United Kingdom mandates over Mesopotamia and Palestine (which was later divided into two regions: Palestine and Transjordan). Parts of the Ottoman Empire on the Arabian Peninsula became parts of what are today Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Ultimately

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: created

text: a

text: decisive

text: break

text: with

text: the

text: old

text: world

text: order

text: that

text: had

text: emerged

text: after

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: which

text: was

text: modified

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: 's

text: nationalistic

text: revolutions

text: The

text: results

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: would

text: be

text: important

text: factors

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: approximately

text: years

text: later

text: More

text: immediate

text: to

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: partitioning

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: a

text: political

text: event

text: that

text: redrew

text: the

text: political

text: boundaries

text: of

text: West

text: Asia

text: The

text: huge

text: conglomeration

text: of

text: territories

text: and

text: peoples

text: formerly

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Sultan

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: several

text: new

text: nations

text: The

text: partitioning

text: brought

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: Arab

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: granted

text: France

text: mandates

text: over

text: Syria

text: and

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: granted

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: mandates

text: over

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: Palestine

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: regions

text: Palestine

text: and

text: Transjordan

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: on

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: became

text: parts

text: of

text: what

text: are

text: today

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: and

text: Yemen

question: In what century did the Nationalistic revolutions occur?

answer: mid-19th century's

text: mid-19th century's

question: How many years after world war I did world war II start?

answer: 20 years later.

text: 20 years later.

question: What withdrew the political boundaries of West Asia?

answer: partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

text: partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

question: Who did The League of Nations grant  France mandates over?

answer: Syria and Lebanon

text: Syria and Lebanon

question: What did the partitioning of the Otto Empire bring about?

answer: the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey.

text: the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey.


text: In September 2012 at the Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced that a new, slimmer PS3 redesign (CECH-4000) was due for release in late 2012 and that it would be available with either a 250 GB or 500 GB hard drive. Three versions Super Slim model were revealed: one with a 500 GB hard drive, a second with a 250 GB hard drive which is not available in PAL regions, and a third with a 12 GB flash storage that was only available in PAL regions. The storage of 12 GB model is upgradable with an official standalone 250 GB hard drive. A vertical stand was also released for the model. In the United Kingdom, the 500 GB model was released on September 28, 2012; and the 12 GB model was released on October 12, 2012. In the United States, the PS3 Super Slim was first released as a bundled console. The 250 GB was model was bundled with Game of the Year edition of Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception and released on September 25, 2012; and the 500 GB model was bundled with Assassin's Creed III and released on October 30, 2012. In Japan, the black colored Super Slim model was released on October 4, 2012; and the white colored Super Slim model was released on November 22, 2012. The Super Slim model is 20 percent smaller and 25 percent lighter than the Slim model and features a manual sliding disc cover instead of a motorized slot-loading disc cover of the Slim model. The white colored Super Slim model was released in the United States on January 27, 2013 as part of the Instant Game Collection Bundle. The Garnet Red and Azurite Blue colored models were launched in Japan on February 28, 2013. The Garnet Red version was released in North America on March 12, 2013 as part of the God of War: Ascension bundle with 500 GB storage and contained God of War: Ascension as well as the God of War Saga. The Azurite Blue model was released as a GameStop exclusive with 250GB storage.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: In

text: September

text: at

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: Game

text: Show

text: Sony

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: new

text: slimmer

text: redesign

text: was

text: due

text: for

text: release

text: in

text: late

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: available

text: with

text: either

text: a

text: GB

text: or

text: GB

text: hard

text: drive

text: Three

text: versions

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: were

text: revealed

text: one

text: with

text: a

text: GB

text: hard

text: drive

text: a

text: second

text: with

text: a

text: GB

text: hard

text: drive

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: available

text: in

text: PAL

text: regions

text: and

text: a

text: third

text: with

text: a

text: GB

text: flash

text: storage

text: that

text: was

text: only

text: available

text: in

text: PAL

text: regions

text: The

text: storage

text: of

text: GB

text: model

text: is

text: upgradable

text: with

text: an

text: official

text: standalone

text: GB

text: hard

text: drive

text: A

text: vertical

text: stand

text: was

text: also

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: model

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: GB

text: model

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: the

text: GB

text: model

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: October

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: bundled

text: console

text: The

text: GB

text: was

text: model

text: was

text: bundled

text: with

text: Game

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: edition

text: of

text: Uncharted

text: Drake

text: 's

text: Deception

text: and

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: the

text: GB

text: model

text: was

text: bundled

text: with

text: Assassin

text: 's

text: Creed

text: III

text: and

text: released

text: on

text: October

text: In

text: Japan

text: the

text: black

text: colored

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: the

text: white

text: colored

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: percent

text: smaller

text: and

text: percent

text: lighter

text: than

text: the

text: Slim

text: model

text: and

text: features

text: a

text: manual

text: sliding

text: disc

text: cover

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: motorized

text: slot

text: loading

text: disc

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: Slim

text: model

text: The

text: white

text: colored

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: January

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Instant

text: Game

text: Collection

text: Bundle

text: The

text: Garnet

text: Red

text: and

text: Azurite

text: Blue

text: colored

text: models

text: were

text: launched

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: Garnet

text: Red

text: version

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: March

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: God

text: of

text: War

text: Ascension

text: bundle

text: with

text: GB

text: storage

text: and

text: contained

text: God

text: of

text: War

text: Ascension

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: God

text: of

text: War

text: Saga

text: The

text: Azurite

text: Blue

text: model

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: GameStop

text: exclusive

text: with

text: GB

text: storage

question: At what event did Sony tell everyone about the CECH-4000?

answer: Tokyo Game Show

text: Tokyo Game Show

question: What size was the largest hard drive available on the Super Slim PS3?

answer: 500 GB

text: 500 GB

question: How many versions of the CECH-4000 were made?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: On what date was the 12 GB version of the Super Slim released in the UK?

answer: October 12, 2012

text: October 12, 2012

question: What color was the PlayStation 3 that was included in the God of War: Ascension bundle in the States?

answer: Garnet Red

text: Garnet Red


text: The sweet wort collected from sparging is put into a kettle, or "copper" (so called because these vessels were traditionally made from copper), and boiled, usually for about one hour. During boiling, water in the wort evaporates, but the sugars and other components of the wort remain; this allows more efficient use of the starch sources in the beer. Boiling also destroys any remaining enzymes left over from the mashing stage. Hops are added during boiling as a source of bitterness, flavour and aroma. Hops may be added at more than one point during the boil. The longer the hops are boiled, the more bitterness they contribute, but the less hop flavour and aroma remains in the beer.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: sweet

text: wort

text: collected

text: from

text: sparging

text: is

text: put

text: into

text: a

text: kettle

text: or

text: copper

text: so

text: called

text: because

text: these

text: vessels

text: were

text: traditionally

text: made

text: from

text: copper

text: and

text: boiled

text: usually

text: for

text: about

text: one

text: hour

text: During

text: boiling

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: wort

text: evaporates

text: but

text: the

text: sugars

text: and

text: other

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: wort

text: remain

text: this

text: allows

text: more

text: efficient

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: starch

text: sources

text: in

text: the

text: beer

text: Boiling

text: also

text: destroys

text: any

text: remaining

text: enzymes

text: left

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: mashing

text: stage

text: Hops

text: are

text: added

text: during

text: boiling

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: bitterness

text: flavour

text: and

text: aroma

text: Hops

text: may

text: be

text: added

text: at

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: point

text: during

text: the

text: boil

text: The

text: longer

text: the

text: hops

text: are

text: boiled

text: the

text: more

text: bitterness

text: they

text: contribute

text: but

text: the

text: less

text: hop

text: flavour

text: and

text: aroma

text: remains

text: in

text: the

text: beer

question: What is a kettle called that is used to boil sweet wort after sparging?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: How long is sweet wort boiled for after sparging?

answer: about one hour

text: about one hour

question: What does boiling sweet wort destroy?

answer: enzymes

text: enzymes

question: What affect do hops have in brewing when they brew for a long time?

answer: bitterness

text: bitterness


text: In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: In

text: Yongzheng

text: bestowed

text: the

text: hereditary

text: title

text: of

text: Marquis

text: on

text: a

text: descendant

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: Imperial

text: family

text: Zhu

text: Zhiliang

text: who

text: received

text: a

text: salary

text: from

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: and

text: whose

text: duty

text: was

text: to

text: perform

text: rituals

text: at

text: the

text: Ming

text: tombs

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: inducted

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Plain

text: White

text: Banner

text: in

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: Later

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: bestowed

text: the

text: title

text: Marquis

text: of

text: Extended

text: Grace

text: posthumously

text: on

text: Zhu

text: Zhuliang

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: title

text: passed

text: on

text: through

text: twelve

text: generations

text: of

text: Ming

text: descendants

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

question: Who did Yongzheng call Marquis?

answer: Zhu Zhiliang

text: Zhu Zhiliang

question: When did Yongzheng give this title?

answer: 1725

question: What was Zhu's job?

answer: perform rituals

text: perform rituals


text: Following the completion of his PhD in 1942, Feynman held an appointment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as an assistant professor of physics. The appointment was spent on leave for his involvement in the Manhattan project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to UW to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to return. In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, "It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me."

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: Following

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: his

text: PhD

text: in

text: Feynman

text: held

text: an

text: appointment

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: Madison

text: as

text: an

text: assistant

text: professor

text: of

text: physics

text: The

text: appointment

text: was

text: spent

text: on

text: leave

text: for

text: his

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Manhattan

text: project

text: In

text: he

text: received

text: a

text: letter

text: from

text: Dean

text: Mark

text: Ingraham

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Letters

text: and

text: Science

text: requesting

text: his

text: return

text: to

text: UW

text: to

text: teach

text: in

text: the

text: coming

text: academic

text: year

text: His

text: appointment

text: was

text: not

text: extended

text: when

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: commit

text: to

text: return

text: In

text: a

text: talk

text: given

text: several

text: years

text: later

text: at

text: UW

text: Feynman

text: quipped

text: It

text: 's

text: great

text: to

text: be

text: back

text: at

text: the

text: only

text: university

text: that

text: ever

text: had

text: the

text: good

text: sense

text: to

text: fire

text: me

question: Where did Feynman receive a job after getting his PhD?

answer: University of Wisconsin–Madison

text: University of Wisconsin–Madison

question: Feyman received a letter to return to teaching from whom?

answer: Dean Mark Ingraham

text: Dean Mark Ingraham

question: Which year did Feyman complete his PhD?

answer: 1942

question: Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW?

answer: Manhattan project

text: Manhattan project


text: Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. During the 11th and 12th centuries, these lands, or fiefs, came to be considered hereditary, and in most areas they were no longer divisible between all the heirs as had been the case in the early medieval period. Instead, most fiefs and lands went to the eldest son.[R] The dominance of the nobility was built upon its control of the land, its military service as heavy cavalry, control of castles, and various immunities from taxes or other impositions.[S] Castles, initially in wood but later in stone, began to be constructed in the 9th and 10th centuries in response to the disorder of the time, and provided protection from invaders as well as allowing lords defence from rivals. Control of castles allowed the nobles to defy kings or other overlords. Nobles were stratified; kings and the highest-ranking nobility controlled large numbers of commoners and large tracts of land, as well as other nobles. Beneath them, lesser nobles had authority over smaller areas of land and fewer people. Knights were the lowest level of nobility; they controlled but did not own land, and had to serve other nobles.[T]

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Other

text: sections

text: of

text: society

text: included

text: the

text: nobility

text: clergy

text: and

text: townsmen

text: Nobles

text: both

text: the

text: titled

text: nobility

text: and

text: simple

text: knights

text: exploited

text: the

text: manors

text: and

text: the

text: peasants

text: although

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: own

text: lands

text: outright

text: but

text: were

text: granted

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: income

text: from

text: a

text: manor

text: or

text: other

text: lands

text: by

text: an

text: overlord

text: through

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: feudalism

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: these

text: lands

text: or

text: fiefs

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: hereditary

text: and

text: in

text: most

text: areas

text: they

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: divisible

text: between

text: all

text: the

text: heirs

text: as

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: Instead

text: most

text: fiefs

text: and

text: lands

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: eldest

text: son.[R

text: The

text: dominance

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: was

text: built

text: upon

text: its

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: its

text: military

text: service

text: as

text: heavy

text: cavalry

text: control

text: of

text: castles

text: and

text: various

text: immunities

text: from

text: taxes

text: or

text: other

text: impositions.[S

text: Castles

text: initially

text: in

text: wood

text: but

text: later

text: in

text: stone

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: disorder

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: provided

text: protection

text: from

text: invaders

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: allowing

text: lords

text: defence

text: from

text: rivals

text: Control

text: of

text: castles

text: allowed

text: the

text: nobles

text: to

text: defy

text: kings

text: or

text: other

text: overlords

text: Nobles

text: were

text: stratified

text: kings

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: nobility

text: controlled

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: commoners

text: and

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: land

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: nobles

text: Beneath

text: them

text: lesser

text: nobles

text: had

text: authority

text: over

text: smaller

text: areas

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: fewer

text: people

text: Knights

text: were

text: the

text: lowest

text: level

text: of

text: nobility

text: they

text: controlled

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: own

text: land

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: serve

text: other

text: nobles.[T

question: In what centuries did fiefs become hereditary?

answer: 11th and 12th

text: 11th and 12th

question: In this period, who usually inherited fiefs?

answer: the eldest son

text: the eldest son

question: What were castles originally built out of?

answer: wood

text: wood

question: What group constituted the lowest nobility?

answer: Knights

text: Knights

question: In what century were castles first built?

answer: 9th


text: A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: A

text: weather

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: föhn

text: with

text: an

text: identical

text: effect

text: to

text: the

text: chinook

text: wind

text: can

text: occur

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: is

text: characterised

text: by

text: an

text: unexpectedly

text: warm

text: wind

text: bringing

text: air

text: of

text: very

text: low

text: relative

text: humidity

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: during

text: rainfall

text: periods

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: This

text: works

text: both

text: ways

text: across

text: the

text: alps

text: but

text: is

text: more

text: efficient

text: if

text: blowing

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: steeper

text: step

text: for

text: oncoming

text: wind

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: Valleys

text: running

text: south

text: to

text: north

text: trigger

text: the

text: best

text: effect

text: The

text: driest

text: conditions

text: persist

text: in

text: all

text: inner

text: alpine

text: valleys

text: that

text: receive

text: less

text: rain

text: because

text: arriving

text: clouds

text: lose

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: their

text: content

text: while

text: crossing

text: the

text: mountains

text: before

text: reaching

text: these

text: areas

text: Large

text: alpine

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Graubünden

text: remain

text: drier

text: than

text: pre

text: alpine

text: areas

text: and

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: main

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: Valais

text: wine

text: grapes

text: are

text: grown

text: there

question: What is the weather phenomena characterized by an unexpected warm wind bringing low reletive humidity to the northern Alps during rainfall in the southern Alps?

answer: föhn

text: föhn

question: At what time of year can the fohn occur?

answer: all times

text: all times

question: Where do clouds lose most of their content before getting to the inner alpine valleys?

answer: crossing the mountains

text: crossing the mountains

question: What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais?

answer: wine

text: wine

question: During the fohn, from which direction is the blowing wind more efficient?

answer: the south

text: the south


text: Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Several

text: scholars

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: Prajñāpāramitā

text: sūtras

text: which

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: earliest

text: Mahāyāna

text: sūtras

text: developed

text: among

text: the

text: Mahāsāṃghika

text: along

text: the

text: Kṛṣṇa

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: Āndhra

text: region

text: of

text: South

text: India

question: Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras?

answer: Prajñāpāramitā

text: Prajñāpāramitā

question: The Prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of South India?

answer: Āndhra

text: Āndhra


text: The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician).

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: the

text: Hadith

text: thrived

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: scholarly

text: atmosphere

text: Philosophy

text: Fiqh

text: and

text: theology

text: kalaam

text: were

text: further

text: developed

text: most

text: noticeably

text: by

text: Avicenna

text: and

text: his

text: opponents

text: Al

text: Razi

text: and

text: Al

text: Farabi

text: had

text: provided

text: methodology

text: and

text: knowledge

text: in

text: medicine

text: and

text: philosophy

text: Avicenna

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: great

text: libraries

text: of

text: Balkh

text: Khwarezm

text: Gorgan

text: Rey

text: Isfahan

text: and

text: Hamadan

text: Various

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Ahd

text: with

text: Bahmanyar

text: show

text: that

text: he

text: debated

text: philosophical

text: points

text: with

text: the

text: greatest

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Aruzi

text: Samarqandi

text: describes

text: how

text: before

text: Avicenna

text: left

text: Khwarezm

text: he

text: had

text: met

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: a

text: famous

text: scientist

text: and

text: astronomer

text: Abu

text: Nasr

text: Iraqi

text: a

text: renowned

text: mathematician

text: Abu

text: Sahl

text: Masihi

text: a

text: respected

text: philosopher

text: and

text: Abu

text: al

text: Khayr

text: Khammar

text: a

text: great

text: physician

question: What was one subject that Avicenna further developed?

answer: theology

text: theology

question: Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Golden Age?

answer: Al-Farabi

text: Al-Farabi

question: What is the name of one library that Avicenna had access to?

answer: Hamadan

text: Hamadan

question: Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?

answer: Al-Biruni

text: Al-Biruni

question: What text was proof that Avicenna debated philosophy with some of the greatest scholars of the time?

answer: the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar

text: the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar


text: In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the timber may continue to 'bleed' through to the surface of a knot for months or even years after manufacture and show as a yellow or brownish stain. A knot primer paint or solution, correctly applied during preparation, may do much to reduce this problem but it is difficult to control completely, especially when using mass-produced kiln-dried timber stocks.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: some

text: decorative

text: applications

text: wood

text: with

text: knots

text: may

text: be

text: desirable

text: to

text: add

text: visual

text: interest

text: In

text: applications

text: where

text: wood

text: is

text: painted

text: such

text: as

text: skirting

text: boards

text: fascia

text: boards

text: door

text: frames

text: and

text: furniture

text: resins

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: timber

text: may

text: continue

text: to

text: bleed

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: a

text: knot

text: for

text: months

text: or

text: even

text: years

text: after

text: manufacture

text: and

text: show

text: as

text: a

text: yellow

text: or

text: brownish

text: stain

text: A

text: knot

text: primer

text: paint

text: or

text: solution

text: correctly

text: applied

text: during

text: preparation

text: may

text: do

text: much

text: to

text: reduce

text: this

text: problem

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: control

text: completely

text: especially

text: when

text: using

text: mass

text: produced

text: kiln

text: dried

text: timber

text: stocks

question: What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces?

answer: interest

text: interest

question: What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted?

answer: bleed

text: bleed

question: Is bleed easy or difficult to control?

answer: difficult

text: difficult

question: The stain from a knot bleeding is usually brownish or what other color?

answer: yellow

text: yellow

question: In what stage of processing does knot primer need to be applied for maximum effectiveness?

answer: preparation

text: preparation


text: During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: During

text: mutualistic

text: symbioses

text: the

text: host

text: cell

text: lacks

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: nutrients

text: which

text: are

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: endosymbiont

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: host

text: favors

text: endosymbiont

text: 's

text: growth

text: processes

text: within

text: itself

text: by

text: producing

text: some

text: specialized

text: cells

text: These

text: cells

text: affect

text: the

text: genetic

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: increasing

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: endosymbionts

text: and

text: ensuring

text: that

text: these

text: genetic

text: changes

text: are

text: passed

text: onto

text: the

text: offspring

text: via

text: vertical

text: transmission

text: heredity

question: What is given to the host cell?

answer: nutrients

text: nutrients

question: What does the host make that affect its genes?

answer: specialized cells

text: specialized cells

question: In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations?

answer: vertical transmission

text: vertical transmission


text: Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Political

text: corruption

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: powers

text: by

text: government

text: officials

text: for

text: illegitimate

text: private

text: gain

text: An

text: illegal

text: act

text: by

text: an

text: officeholder

text: constitutes

text: political

text: corruption

text: only

text: if

text: the

text: act

text: is

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: their

text: official

text: duties

text: is

text: done

text: under

text: color

text: of

text: law

text: or

text: involves

text: trading

text: in

text: influence

question: What do you call  government officials using power for illicit private gain?

answer: political corruption

text: political corruption

question: Who benefits from political corruption?

answer: government officials

text: government officials

question: It is only considered political corruption if the act directly relates to what?

answer: their official duties

text: their official duties

question: Trading in what is considered political corruption?

answer: influence

text: influence

question: What is it called when government officials use their power for private gain?

answer: Political corruption

text: Political corruption


text: Nishimura's force consisted of two battleships, one cruiser and four destroyers. Because they were observing radio silence, Nishimura was unable to synchronize with Shima and Kurita. Nishimura and Shima had failed to even coordinate their plans before the attacks – they were long-time rivals and neither wished to have anything to do with the other. When he entered the narrow Surigao Strait at about 02:00, Shima was 22 miles (40 km) behind him, and Kurita was still in the Sibuyan Sea, several hours from the beaches at Leyte. As they passed Panaon Island, Nishimura's force ran into a trap set for them by the U.S.-Australian 7th Fleet Support Force. R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf had six battleships, four heavy cruisers, four light cruisers, 29 destroyers and 39 PT boats. To pass the strait and reach the landings, Nishimura had to run the gauntlet. At about 03:00 the Japanese battleship Fusō and three destroyers were hit by torpedoes and Fusō broke in two. At 03:50 the U.S. battleships opened fire. Radar fire control meant they could hit targets from a much greater distance than the Japanese. The battleship Yamashiro, a cruiser and a destroyer were crippled by 16-inch (406 mm) shells; Yamashiro sank at 04:19. Only one of Nishimura's force of seven ships survived the engagement. At 04:25 Shima's force of two cruisers and eight destroyers reached the battle. Seeing Fusō and believing her to be the wrecks of two battleships, Shima ordered a retreat, ending the last battleship-vs-battleship action in history.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Nishimura

text: 's

text: force

text: consisted

text: of

text: two

text: battleships

text: one

text: cruiser

text: and

text: four

text: destroyers

text: Because

text: they

text: were

text: observing

text: radio

text: silence

text: Nishimura

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: synchronize

text: with

text: Shima

text: and

text: Kurita

text: Nishimura

text: and

text: Shima

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: even

text: coordinate

text: their

text: plans

text: before

text: the

text: attacks

text: they

text: were

text: long

text: time

text: rivals

text: and

text: neither

text: wished

text: to

text: have

text: anything

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: When

text: he

text: entered

text: the

text: narrow

text: Surigao

text: Strait

text: at

text: about

text: Shima

text: was

text: miles

text: km

text: behind

text: him

text: and

text: Kurita

text: was

text: still

text: in

text: the

text: Sibuyan

text: Sea

text: several

text: hours

text: from

text: the

text: beaches

text: at

text: Leyte

text: As

text: they

text: passed

text: Panaon

text: Island

text: Nishimura

text: 's

text: force

text: ran

text: into

text: a

text: trap

text: set

text: for

text: them

text: by

text: the

text: U.S

text: Australian

text: Fleet

text: Support

text: Force

text: R.

text: Adm.

text: Jesse

text: Oldendorf

text: had

text: six

text: battleships

text: four

text: heavy

text: cruisers

text: four

text: light

text: cruisers

text: destroyers

text: and

text: PT

text: boats

text: To

text: pass

text: the

text: strait

text: and

text: reach

text: the

text: landings

text: Nishimura

text: had

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: gauntlet

text: At

text: about

text: the

text: Japanese

text: battleship

text: Fusō

text: and

text: three

text: destroyers

text: were

text: hit

text: by

text: torpedoes

text: and

text: Fusō

text: broke

text: in

text: two

text: At

text: the

text: U.S.

text: battleships

text: opened

text: fire

text: Radar

text: fire

text: control

text: meant

text: they

text: could

text: hit

text: targets

text: from

text: a

text: much

text: greater

text: distance

text: than

text: the

text: Japanese

text: The

text: battleship

text: Yamashiro

text: a

text: cruiser

text: and

text: a

text: destroyer

text: were

text: crippled

text: by

text: mm

text: shells

text: Yamashiro

text: sank

text: at

text: Only

text: one

text: of

text: Nishimura

text: 's

text: force

text: of

text: seven

text: ships

text: survived

text: the

text: engagement

text: At

text: Shima

text: 's

text: force

text: of

text: two

text: cruisers

text: and

text: eight

text: destroyers

text: reached

text: the

text: battle

text: Seeing

text: Fusō

text: and

text: believing

text: her

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: wrecks

text: of

text: two

text: battleships

text: Shima

text: ordered

text: a

text: retreat

text: ending

text: the

text: last

text: battleship

text: vs

text: battleship

text: action

text: in

text: history

question: How many battleships were in Nishimura's force?

answer: two

text: two

question: Which Japanese admiral was a  rival of Nishimura?

answer: Shima

text: Shima

question: How many miles was Shima's fleet behind Nishimura?

answer: 22

question: Who set the trap for the Japanese forces as they sailed by Panaon Island?

answer: R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf

text: R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf

question: How many battleships did the U.S.-Australian 7th Fleet have?

answer: six

text: six


text: Mobbing can be an interspecies activity: it is common for birds to respond to mobbing calls of a different species. Many birds will show up at the sight of mobbing and watch and call, but not participate. It should also be noted that some species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack. Crows are frequently mobbed by smaller songbirds as they prey on eggs and young from these birds' nests, but these same crows will cooperate with smaller birds to drive away hawks or larger mammalian predators. On occasion, birds will mob animals that pose no threat.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: Mobbing

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: interspecies

text: activity

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: birds

text: to

text: respond

text: to

text: mobbing

text: calls

text: of

text: a

text: different

text: species

text: Many

text: birds

text: will

text: show

text: up

text: at

text: the

text: sight

text: of

text: mobbing

text: and

text: watch

text: and

text: call

text: but

text: not

text: participate

text: It

text: should

text: also

text: be

text: noted

text: that

text: some

text: species

text: can

text: be

text: on

text: both

text: ends

text: of

text: a

text: mobbing

text: attack

text: Crows

text: are

text: frequently

text: mobbed

text: by

text: smaller

text: songbirds

text: as

text: they

text: prey

text: on

text: eggs

text: and

text: young

text: from

text: these

text: birds

text: nests

text: but

text: these

text: same

text: crows

text: will

text: cooperate

text: with

text: smaller

text: birds

text: to

text: drive

text: away

text: hawks

text: or

text: larger

text: mammalian

text: predators

text: On

text: occasion

text: birds

text: will

text: mob

text: animals

text: that

text: pose

text: no

text: threat

question: Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides?

answer: species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack

text: species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack

question: Which bird is an example of being both a predator and defender in mobbing attacks?

answer: Crows

text: Crows

question: Will birds often mob animals that do not pose a threat?

answer: On occasion

text: On occasion

question: Crows will cooperate with small birds to drive away what predators?

answer: hawks or larger mammalian predators

text: hawks or larger mammalian predators


text: The earliest known chemical evidence of barley beer dates to circa 3500–3100 BC from the site of Godin Tepe in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. Some of the earliest Sumerian writings contain references to beer; examples include a prayer to the goddess Ninkasi, known as "The Hymn to Ninkasi", which served as both a prayer as well as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people, and the ancient advice (Fill your belly. Day and night make merry) to Gilgamesh, recorded in the Epic of Gilgamesh, by the ale-wife Siduri may, at least in part, have referred to the consumption of beer. The Ebla tablets, discovered in 1974 in Ebla, Syria, show that beer was produced in the city in 2500 BC. A fermented beverage using rice and fruit was made in China around 7000 BC. Unlike sake, mould was not used to saccharify the rice (amylolytic fermentation); the rice was probably prepared for fermentation by mastication or malting.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: chemical

text: evidence

text: of

text: barley

text: beer

text: dates

text: to

text: circa

text: BC

text: from

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Godin

text: Tepe

text: in

text: the

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: of

text: western

text: Iran

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: Sumerian

text: writings

text: contain

text: references

text: to

text: beer

text: examples

text: include

text: a

text: prayer

text: to

text: the

text: goddess

text: Ninkasi

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Hymn

text: to

text: Ninkasi

text: which

text: served

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: prayer

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: remembering

text: the

text: recipe

text: for

text: beer

text: in

text: a

text: culture

text: with

text: few

text: literate

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: advice

text: Fill

text: your

text: belly

text: Day

text: and

text: night

text: make

text: merry

text: to

text: Gilgamesh

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: Epic

text: of

text: Gilgamesh

text: by

text: the

text: ale

text: wife

text: Siduri

text: may

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part

text: have

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: beer

text: The

text: Ebla

text: tablets

text: discovered

text: in

text: in

text: Ebla

text: Syria

text: show

text: that

text: beer

text: was

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: BC

text: A

text: fermented

text: beverage

text: using

text: rice

text: and

text: fruit

text: was

text: made

text: in

text: China

text: around

text: BC

text: Unlike

text: sake

text: mould

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: to

text: saccharify

text: the

text: rice

text: amylolytic

text: fermentation

text: the

text: rice

text: was

text: probably

text: prepared

text: for

text: fermentation

text: by

text: mastication

text: or

text: malting

question: When does evidence show the earliest known barley beer was produced?

answer: circa 3500–3100 BC

text: circa 3500–3100 BC

question: In what country was the earliest chemical evidence of barley beer found?

answer: Iran

text: Iran

question: What country are the Zargos Mountains located in?

answer: Iran

text: Iran

question: What year were the elbow tablet first discovered?

answer: 1974

question: What ingredient is used for amylotytic fermentation in sake?

answer: mould

text: mould


text: The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: The

text: Soviet

text: regime

text: first

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: on

text: November

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: Russian

text: Provisional

text: Government

text: which

text: governed

text: the

text: Russian

text: Republic

text: was

text: overthrown

text: in

text: the

text: October

text: Revolution

text: The

text: state

text: it

text: governed

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: an

text: official

text: name

text: would

text: be

text: unrecognized

text: by

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: for

text: another

text: five

text: months

question: When did the Soviet regime first become powerful?

answer: November 7, 1917

text: November 7, 1917

question: Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?

answer: the Russian Provisional Government

text: the Russian Provisional Government

question: Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's rise to power?

answer: the October Revolution

text: the October Revolution

question: How long was the state of the Soviet regime unrecognized by other countries?

answer: five months

text: five months

question: What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?

answer: the Russian Republic

text: the Russian Republic

question: When did the Soviet government assume power?

answer: November 7, 1917

text: November 7, 1917

question: What event led to the assumption of power by the Soviet government?

answer: the October Revolution

text: the October Revolution

question: What body governed Russia prior to the Soviet government?

answer: the Russian Provisional Government

text: the Russian Provisional Government

question: In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized?

answer: five

text: five


text: The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the "generation".

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: The

text: offices

text: of

text: elder

text: and

text: ministerial

text: servant

text: were

text: restored

text: to

text: Witness

text: congregations

text: in

text: with

text: appointments

text: made

text: from

text: headquarters

text: and

text: later

text: also

text: by

text: branch

text: committees

text: It

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: starting

text: in

text: September

text: appointments

text: would

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: traveling

text: overseers

text: In

text: a

text: major

text: organizational

text: overhaul

text: in

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: president

text: was

text: diminished

text: with

text: authority

text: for

text: doctrinal

text: and

text: organizational

text: decisions

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: Since

text: Knorr

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: president

text: has

text: been

text: occupied

text: by

text: Frederick

text: Franz

text: and

text: Milton

text: Henschel

text: both

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: and

text: since

text: by

text: Don

text: A.

text: Adams

text: not

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: In

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: abandoned

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: Armageddon

text: must

text: occur

text: during

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: the

text: generation

text: that

text: was

text: alive

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: changed

text: their

text: teaching

text: on

text: the

text: generation

question: In 1976 whose power in Watch Tower Society was diminished?

answer: president

text: president

question: When was the offices of restored to the Witness congregations?

answer: 1972

question: When did Knorr die?

answer: 1977

question: Starting in September 2014, who was responsible for making appointments in the Church?

answer: traveling overseers

text: traveling overseers

question: Who has been president of the Society since 2000?

answer: Don A. Adams

text: Don A. Adams


text: In the medieval Middle Eastern world, the physicist and Islamic scholar, Al-Farabi (Alpharabius, 872–950), conducted a small experiment concerning the existence of vacuum, in which he investigated handheld plungers in water.[unreliable source?] He concluded that air's volume can expand to fill available space, and he suggested that the concept of perfect vacuum was incoherent. However, according to Nader El-Bizri, the physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen, 965–1039) and the Mu'tazili theologians disagreed with Aristotle and Al-Farabi, and they supported the existence of a void. Using geometry, Ibn al-Haytham mathematically demonstrated that place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body. According to Ahmad Dallal, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī also states that "there is no observable evidence that rules out the possibility of vacuum". The suction pump later appeared in Europe from the 15th century.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: In

text: the

text: medieval

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: world

text: the

text: physicist

text: and

text: Islamic

text: scholar

text: Al

text: Farabi

text: Alpharabius

text: conducted

text: a

text: small

text: experiment

text: concerning

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: vacuum

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: investigated

text: handheld

text: plungers

text: in

text: water.[unreliable

text: source

text: He

text: concluded

text: that

text: air

text: 's

text: volume

text: can

text: expand

text: to

text: fill

text: available

text: space

text: and

text: he

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: perfect

text: vacuum

text: was

text: incoherent

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: Nader

text: El

text: Bizri

text: the

text: physicist

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhazen

text: and

text: the

text: Mu'tazili

text: theologians

text: disagreed

text: with

text: Aristotle

text: and

text: Al

text: Farabi

text: and

text: they

text: supported

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: void

text: Using

text: geometry

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: mathematically

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: place

text: al

text: makan

text: is

text: the

text: imagined

text: three

text: dimensional

text: void

text: between

text: the

text: inner

text: surfaces

text: of

text: a

text: containing

text: body

text: According

text: to

text: Ahmad

text: Dallal

text: Abū

text: Rayhān

text: al

text: Bīrūnī

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: observable

text: evidence

text: that

text: rules

text: out

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: vacuum

text: The

text: suction

text: pump

text: later

text: appeared

text: in

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: century

question: Al-Farabi concluded a perfect vacuum was incoherent using what?

answer: handheld plungers in water.

text: handheld plungers in water.

question: Ibn al-Haytham used geometry to demonstrate  what?

answer: place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body

text: place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body

question: who stated that there was no evidence to rule out a vacuum?

answer: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

text: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

question: what did Al-Farabi say expanded to fill available space

answer: air's volume

text: air's volume

question: What type of pump appeared in the 15th century?

answer: suction pump

text: suction pump


text: The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the "Ghon focus", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung. This hematogenous transmission can also spread infection to more distant sites, such as peripheral lymph nodes, the kidneys, the brain, and the bones. All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though for unknown reasons it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: The

text: primary

text: site

text: of

text: infection

text: in

text: the

text: lungs

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Ghon

text: focus

text: is

text: generally

text: located

text: in

text: either

text: the

text: upper

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: lobe

text: or

text: the

text: lower

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: lobe

text: Tuberculosis

text: of

text: the

text: lungs

text: may

text: also

text: occur

text: via

text: infection

text: from

text: the

text: blood

text: stream

text: This

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: Simon

text: focus

text: and

text: is

text: typically

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: lung

text: This

text: hematogenous

text: transmission

text: can

text: also

text: spread

text: infection

text: to

text: more

text: distant

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: peripheral

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: the

text: kidneys

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: the

text: bones

text: All

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: can

text: be

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: disease

text: though

text: for

text: unknown

text: reasons

text: it

text: rarely

text: affects

text: the

text: heart

text: skeletal

text: muscles

text: pancreas

text: or

text: thyroid

question: What two-word phrase is used for the main part of the lungs infected by TB?

answer: Ghon focus

text: Ghon focus

question: If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus?

answer: Simon focus

text: Simon focus

question: In what general area of the lungs is SImon focus usually located?

answer: the top

text: the top

question: What is the term that describes a blood-borne infection, like TB when it travels through the blood to the kidneys or brain?

answer: hematogenous

text: hematogenous

question: Four areas of the body are usually safe from TB infection, including skeletal muscles, heart, and thyroid; what's the fourth?

answer: pancreas

text: pancreas


text: Illegal pinning methods include using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing, which are therefore popular cheating methods for heels, unless certain stipulations make such an advantage legal. Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee (as they have to see if their shoulders are down) and are subsequently often used by heels and on occasion by cheating faces to win matches. Even if it is noticed, it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification (see below), and instead it simply results in nullification of the pin attempt, so the heel wrestler rarely has anything to lose for trying it, anyway.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Illegal

text: pinning

text: methods

text: include

text: using

text: the

text: ropes

text: for

text: leverage

text: and

text: hooking

text: the

text: opponent

text: 's

text: clothing

text: which

text: are

text: therefore

text: popular

text: cheating

text: methods

text: for

text: heels

text: unless

text: certain

text: stipulations

text: make

text: such

text: an

text: advantage

text: legal

text: Such

text: pins

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: rarely

text: seen

text: by

text: the

text: referee

text: as

text: they

text: have

text: to

text: see

text: if

text: their

text: shoulders

text: are

text: down

text: and

text: are

text: subsequently

text: often

text: used

text: by

text: heels

text: and

text: on

text: occasion

text: by

text: cheating

text: faces

text: to

text: win

text: matches

text: Even

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: noticed

text: it

text: is

text: rare

text: for

text: such

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: disqualification

text: see

text: below

text: and

text: instead

text: it

text: simply

text: results

text: in

text: nullification

text: of

text: the

text: pin

text: attempt

text: so

text: the

text: heel

text: wrestler

text: rarely

text: has

text: anything

text: to

text: lose

text: for

text: trying

text: it

text: anyway

question: What is a pinning method that isn't allowed?

answer: using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing,

text: using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing,

question: How often are illegal pinning methods seen by the referee?

answer: Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee

text: Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee

question: What are the illegal pinning methods called?

answer: cheating

text: cheating

question: Can illegal pinning methods result in being disqualified?

answer: it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification

text: it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification

question: What happens with an illegal pinning move when it is seen by a referee?

answer: results in nullification of the pin attempt,

text: results in nullification of the pin attempt,


text: Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working as intended. Typically, regressions occur as an unintended consequence of program changes, when the newly developed part of the software collides with the previously existing code. Common methods of regression testing include re-running previous sets of test-cases and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. The depth of testing depends on the phase in the release process and the risk of the added features. They can either be complete, for changes added late in the release or deemed to be risky, or be very shallow, consisting of positive tests on each feature, if the changes are early in the release or deemed to be of low risk. Regression testing is typically the largest test effort in commercial software development, due to checking numerous details in prior software features, and even new software can be developed while using some old test-cases to test parts of the new design to ensure prior functionality is still supported.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Regression

text: testing

text: focuses

text: on

text: finding

text: defects

text: after

text: a

text: major

text: code

text: change

text: has

text: occurred

text: Specifically

text: it

text: seeks

text: to

text: uncover

text: software

text: regressions

text: as

text: degraded

text: or

text: lost

text: features

text: including

text: old

text: bugs

text: that

text: have

text: come

text: back

text: Such

text: regressions

text: occur

text: whenever

text: software

text: functionality

text: that

text: was

text: previously

text: working

text: correctly

text: stops

text: working

text: as

text: intended

text: Typically

text: regressions

text: occur

text: as

text: an

text: unintended

text: consequence

text: of

text: program

text: changes

text: when

text: the

text: newly

text: developed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: software

text: collides

text: with

text: the

text: previously

text: existing

text: code

text: Common

text: methods

text: of

text: regression

text: testing

text: include

text: re

text: running

text: previous

text: sets

text: of

text: test

text: cases

text: and

text: checking

text: whether

text: previously

text: fixed

text: faults

text: have

text: re

text: emerged

text: The

text: depth

text: of

text: testing

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: phase

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: process

text: and

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: the

text: added

text: features

text: They

text: can

text: either

text: be

text: complete

text: for

text: changes

text: added

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: or

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: risky

text: or

text: be

text: very

text: shallow

text: consisting

text: of

text: positive

text: tests

text: on

text: each

text: feature

text: if

text: the

text: changes

text: are

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: or

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: low

text: risk

text: Regression

text: testing

text: is

text: typically

text: the

text: largest

text: test

text: effort

text: in

text: commercial

text: software

text: development

text: due

text: to

text: checking

text: numerous

text: details

text: in

text: prior

text: software

text: features

text: and

text: even

text: new

text: software

text: can

text: be

text: developed

text: while

text: using

text: some

text: old

text: test

text: cases

text: to

text: test

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: design

text: to

text: ensure

text: prior

text: functionality

text: is

text: still

text: supported

question: Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called?

answer: Regression testing

text: Regression testing

question: What happens to software after a major change in code that leads to regression??

answer: stops working as intended

text: stops working as intended

question: What is a common method used during regression testing?

answer: re-running previous sets of test-cases

text: re-running previous sets of test-cases

question: What determines how deep a tester will go during regression?

answer: phase in the release process and the risk of the added features

text: phase in the release process and the risk of the added features

question: If changes need to occur during the softwares early release with regression testing how much of an impact does this have on the team as related to other testing?

answer: typically the largest test effort in commercial software development

text: typically the largest test effort in commercial software development


text: Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure. One might modify or omit rhyme in a singing translation, but the assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical setting places great challenges on the translator. There is the option in prose sung texts, less so in verse, of adding or deleting a syllable here and there by subdividing or combining notes, respectively, but even with prose the process is almost like strict verse translation because of the need to stick as closely as possible to the original prosody of the sung melodic line.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Translation

text: of

text: sung

text: texts

text: is

text: generally

text: much

text: more

text: restrictive

text: than

text: translation

text: of

text: poetry

text: because

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: freedom

text: to

text: choose

text: between

text: a

text: versified

text: translation

text: and

text: a

text: translation

text: that

text: dispenses

text: with

text: verse

text: structure

text: One

text: might

text: modify

text: or

text: omit

text: rhyme

text: in

text: a

text: singing

text: translation

text: but

text: the

text: assignment

text: of

text: syllables

text: to

text: specific

text: notes

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: musical

text: setting

text: places

text: great

text: challenges

text: on

text: the

text: translator

text: There

text: is

text: the

text: option

text: in

text: prose

text: sung

text: texts

text: less

text: so

text: in

text: verse

text: of

text: adding

text: or

text: deleting

text: a

text: syllable

text: here

text: and

text: there

text: by

text: subdividing

text: or

text: combining

text: notes

text: respectively

text: but

text: even

text: with

text: prose

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: almost

text: like

text: strict

text: verse

text: translation

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: stick

text: as

text: closely

text: as

text: possible

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: prosody

text: of

text: the

text: sung

text: melodic

text: line

question: How is translation of sung texts different than translations of poetry?

answer: more restrictive

text: more restrictive

question: Why is the translation of sung texts more restrictive?

answer: little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation

text: little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation

question: What places a great challenge on someone trying to translate music from one language to another?

answer: assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical

text: assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical

question: How can a syllable be added or deleted in prose sung texts?

answer: by subdividing or combining notes

text: by subdividing or combining notes


text: While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism. Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks. He completed his series of ascents in 1911.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: While

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: was

text: first

text: climbed

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Alpine

text: four

text: thousanders

text: were

text: climbed

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: ascent

text: of

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: in

text: marked

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: golden

text: age

text: of

text: alpinism

text: Karl

text: Blodig

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: successfully

text: climb

text: all

text: the

text: major

text: m

text: peaks

text: He

text: completed

text: his

text: series

text: of

text: ascents

text: in

question: When was Mont Blanc first climbed?

answer: 1786

question: When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber?

answer: first half of the 19th century

text: first half of the 19th century

question: When was the ascent of the Matterhorn?

answer: 1865

question: What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark?

answer: the end of the golden age of alpinism

text: the end of the golden age of alpinism

question: Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?

answer: Karl Blodig

text: Karl Blodig


text: Historically, AC motors were used for single or double speed elevator machines on the grounds of cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue, but for higher speed, larger capacity elevators, the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine becomes an issue. Therefore, DC machines powered by an AC/DC motor generator were the preferred solution. The MG set also typically powered the relay controller of the elevator, which has the added advantage of electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system, thus eliminating the transient power spikes in the building's electrical supply caused by the motors starting and stopping (causing lighting to dim every time the elevators are used for example), as well as interference to other electrical equipment caused by the arcing of the relay contactors in the control system.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Historically

text: AC

text: motors

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: single

text: or

text: double

text: speed

text: elevator

text: machines

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: cost

text: and

text: lower

text: usage

text: applications

text: where

text: car

text: speed

text: and

text: passenger

text: comfort

text: were

text: less

text: of

text: an

text: issue

text: but

text: for

text: higher

text: speed

text: larger

text: capacity

text: elevators

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: infinitely

text: variable

text: speed

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: traction

text: machine

text: becomes

text: an

text: issue

text: Therefore

text: DC

text: machines

text: powered

text: by

text: an

text: AC

text: DC

text: motor

text: generator

text: were

text: the

text: preferred

text: solution

text: The

text: MG

text: set

text: also

text: typically

text: powered

text: the

text: relay

text: controller

text: of

text: the

text: elevator

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: added

text: advantage

text: of

text: electrically

text: isolating

text: the

text: elevators

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: 's

text: electrical

text: system

text: thus

text: eliminating

text: the

text: transient

text: power

text: spikes

text: in

text: the

text: building

text: 's

text: electrical

text: supply

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: motors

text: starting

text: and

text: stopping

text: causing

text: lighting

text: to

text: dim

text: every

text: time

text: the

text: elevators

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: example

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: interference

text: to

text: other

text: electrical

text: equipment

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: arcing

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: contactors

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: system

question: Throughout history, what type of engines were used for elevator machines?

answer: AC motors

text: AC motors

question: Why were AC motors used?

answer: cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue

text: cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue

question: What problem arises for fast and large capacity elevators?

answer: the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine

text: the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine

question: Generally, what powered the relay contoller?

answer: MG set

text: MG set

question: What is a known advantage of the MG set?

answer: electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system

text: electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system