text: No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artisans. A substantial Jewish population emerged in northern Gaul by the Middle Ages, but Jewish communities existed in 465 CE in Brittany, in 524 CE in Valence, and in 533 CE in Orleans. Throughout this period and into the early Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures, mostly through conversion to Christianity.[better source needed] King Dagobert I of the Franks expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629. Jews in former Roman territories faced new challenges as harsher anti-Jewish Church rulings were enforced.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: No

text: evidence

text: has

text: yet

text: been

text: found

text: of

text: a

text: Jewish

text: presence

text: in

text: antiquity

text: in

text: Germany

text: beyond

text: its

text: Roman

text: border

text: nor

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: In

text: Gaul

text: and

text: Germany

text: itself

text: with

text: the

text: possible

text: exception

text: of

text: Trier

text: and

text: Cologne

text: the

text: archeological

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: at

text: most

text: a

text: fleeting

text: presence

text: of

text: very

text: few

text: Jews

text: primarily

text: itinerant

text: traders

text: or

text: artisans

text: A

text: substantial

text: Jewish

text: population

text: emerged

text: in

text: northern

text: Gaul

text: by

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: but

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: existed

text: in

text: CE

text: in

text: Brittany

text: in

text: CE

text: in

text: Valence

text: and

text: in

text: CE

text: in

text: Orleans

text: Throughout

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: some

text: Jews

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: dominant

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: cultures

text: mostly

text: through

text: conversion

text: to

text: Christianity.[better

text: source

text: needed

text: King

text: Dagobert

text: I

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: expelled

text: the

text: Jews

text: from

text: his

text: Merovingian

text: kingdom

text: in

text: Jews

text: in

text: former

text: Roman

text: territories

text: faced

text: new

text: challenges

text: as

text: harsher

text: anti

text: Jewish

text: Church

text: rulings

text: were

text: enforced

question: Who expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629?

answer: King Dagobert I of the Franks

text: King Dagobert I of the Franks

question: Does the archeological record suggest that there was a rather large or small population of Jews in Gaul and Germany?

answer: very few Jews

text: very few Jews

question: In antiquity, most Jews in Gaul or Germany probably occupied what two roles?

answer: traders or artisans

text: traders or artisans

question: In what year did Jewish communities exist in Brittany?

answer: 465 CE

text: 465 CE

question: During the Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures by doing what?

answer: conversion to Christianity

text: conversion to Christianity


text: In the early 1970s, Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation, which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide. Though Universal did produce occasional hits, among them Airport (1970), The Sting (1973), American Graffiti (also 1973), Earthquake (1974), and a big box-office success which restored the company's fortunes: Jaws (1975), Universal during the decade was primarily a television studio. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased United Artists in 1981, MGM could not drop out of the CIC venture to merge with United Artists overseas operations. However, with future film productions from both names being released through the MGM/UA Entertainment plate, CIC decided to merge UA's international units with MGM and reformed as United International Pictures. There would be other film hits like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Back to the Future (1985), Field of Dreams (1989), and Jurassic Park (1993), but the film business was financially unpredictable. UIP began distributing films by start-up studio DreamWorks in 1997, due to connections the founders have with Paramount, Universal, and Amblin Entertainment. In 2001, MGM dropped out of the UIP venture, and went with 20th Century Fox's international arm to handle distribution of their titles to this day.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Universal

text: teamed

text: up

text: with

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: to

text: form

text: Cinema

text: International

text: Corporation

text: which

text: distributed

text: films

text: by

text: Paramount

text: and

text: Universal

text: worldwide

text: Though

text: Universal

text: did

text: produce

text: occasional

text: hits

text: among

text: them

text: Airport

text: The

text: Sting

text: American

text: Graffiti

text: also

text: Earthquake

text: and

text: a

text: big

text: box

text: office

text: success

text: which

text: restored

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: fortunes

text: Jaws

text: Universal

text: during

text: the

text: decade

text: was

text: primarily

text: a

text: television

text: studio

text: When

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: purchased

text: United

text: Artists

text: in

text: MGM

text: could

text: not

text: drop

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: CIC

text: venture

text: to

text: merge

text: with

text: United

text: Artists

text: overseas

text: operations

text: However

text: with

text: future

text: film

text: productions

text: from

text: both

text: names

text: being

text: released

text: through

text: the

text: MGM

text: UA

text: Entertainment

text: plate

text: CIC

text: decided

text: to

text: merge

text: UA

text: 's

text: international

text: units

text: with

text: MGM

text: and

text: reformed

text: as

text: United

text: International

text: Pictures

text: There

text: would

text: be

text: other

text: film

text: hits

text: like

text: E.T.

text: the

text: Extra

text: Terrestrial

text: Back

text: to

text: the

text: Future

text: Field

text: of

text: Dreams

text: and

text: Jurassic

text: Park

text: but

text: the

text: film

text: business

text: was

text: financially

text: unpredictable

text: UIP

text: began

text: distributing

text: films

text: by

text: start

text: up

text: studio

text: DreamWorks

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: connections

text: the

text: founders

text: have

text: with

text: Paramount

text: Universal

text: and

text: Amblin

text: Entertainment

text: In

text: MGM

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: UIP

text: venture

text: and

text: went

text: with

text: Century

text: Fox

text: 's

text: international

text: arm

text: to

text: handle

text: distribution

text: of

text: their

text: titles

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: Who partnered with Universal in the creation of Cinema International Corporation?

answer: Paramount Pictures

text: Paramount Pictures

question: In what year was the film Airport made?

answer: 1970s

question: What Universal hit film was produced in 1974?

answer: Earthquake

text: Earthquake

question: What company was purchased by MGM in 1981?

answer: United Artists

text: United Artists

question: When did United International Pictures start distributing films for DreamWorks?

answer: 1997


text: The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: presides

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: during

text: a

text: president

text: 's

text: impeachment

text: trial

text: The

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: however

text: generally

text: do

text: not

text: grant

text: much

text: authority

text: to

text: the

text: presiding

text: officer

text: Thus

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: is

text: a

text: limited

text: one

question: Who presides over an impeachment trial?

answer: The Chief Justice

text: The Chief Justice


text: Much of California consists of a Mediterranean climate, with sometimes excessive rainfall from October–April and nearly no rain the rest of the year. In the Pacific Northwest rain falls year-round, but is much heavier during winter and spring. The mountains of the west receive abundant precipitation and very heavy snowfall. The Cascades are one of the snowiest places in the world, with some places averaging over 600 inches (1,524 cm) of snow annually, but the lower elevations closer to the coast receive very little snow.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: Much

text: of

text: California

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: with

text: sometimes

text: excessive

text: rainfall

text: from

text: October

text: April

text: and

text: nearly

text: no

text: rain

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: In

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Northwest

text: rain

text: falls

text: year

text: round

text: but

text: is

text: much

text: heavier

text: during

text: winter

text: and

text: spring

text: The

text: mountains

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: receive

text: abundant

text: precipitation

text: and

text: very

text: heavy

text: snowfall

text: The

text: Cascades

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: snowiest

text: places

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: some

text: places

text: averaging

text: over

text: inches

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: annually

text: but

text: the

text: lower

text: elevations

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: receive

text: very

text: little

text: snow

question: What is the most prevalent type of climate nCalifornia?

answer: Mediterranean

text: Mediterranean

question: During what time of the year does California receive the most rainfall?

answer: October–April

text: October–April

question: Which region of the US experiences rain year round?

answer: Pacific Northwest

text: Pacific Northwest

question: Which region in the US is also one of the most snowiest places in the world?

answer: The Cascades

text: The Cascades

question: How many inches of snow do regions of the Cascades receive?

answer: 600 inches

text: 600 inches


text: The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting. The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until 19 August 2005.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: Reed

text: Dance

text: today

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: ancient

text: ceremony

text: but

text: a

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: umchwasho

text: custom

text: In

text: umchwasho

text: all

text: young

text: girls

text: were

text: placed

text: in

text: a

text: female

text: age

text: regiment

text: If

text: any

text: girl

text: became

text: pregnant

text: outside

text: of

text: marriage

text: her

text: family

text: paid

text: a

text: fine

text: of

text: one

text: cow

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: chief

text: After

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: years

text: when

text: the

text: girls

text: had

text: reached

text: a

text: marriageable

text: age

text: they

text: would

text: perform

text: labour

text: service

text: for

text: the

text: Queen

text: Mother

text: ending

text: with

text: dancing

text: and

text: feasting

text: The

text: country

text: was

text: under

text: the

text: chastity

text: rite

text: of

text: umchwasho

text: until

text: August

question: Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho?

answer: 19 August 2005

text: 19 August 2005

question: What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland?

answer: If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine

text: If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine

question: Who became bound by umchwaso in Swaziland?

answer: all young girls

text: all young girls

question: From where did the Reed Dance originate?

answer: the old "umchwasho" custom

text: the old "umchwasho" custom

question: What would the end of umchwasho be marked with?

answer: dancing and feasting

text: dancing and feasting


text: Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming (see below, Locomotion). As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyridae in the beetle order Coleoptera communicate with light.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Adult

text: insects

text: typically

text: move

text: about

text: by

text: walking

text: flying

text: or

text: sometimes

text: swimming

text: see

text: below

text: Locomotion

text: As

text: it

text: allows

text: for

text: rapid

text: yet

text: stable

text: movement

text: many

text: insects

text: adopt

text: a

text: tripedal

text: gait

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: walk

text: with

text: their

text: legs

text: touching

text: the

text: ground

text: in

text: alternating

text: triangles

text: Insects

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: invertebrates

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: flight

text: Many

text: insects

text: spend

text: at

text: least

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: lives

text: under

text: water

text: with

text: larval

text: adaptations

text: that

text: include

text: gills

text: and

text: some

text: adult

text: insects

text: are

text: aquatic

text: and

text: have

text: adaptations

text: for

text: swimming

text: Some

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: striders

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: walking

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: water

text: Insects

text: are

text: mostly

text: solitary

text: but

text: some

text: such

text: as

text: certain

text: bees

text: ants

text: and

text: termites

text: are

text: social

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: large

text: well

text: organized

text: colonies

text: Some

text: insects

text: such

text: as

text: earwigs

text: show

text: maternal

text: care

text: guarding

text: their

text: eggs

text: and

text: young

text: Insects

text: can

text: communicate

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: ways

text: Male

text: moths

text: can

text: sense

text: the

text: pheromones

text: of

text: female

text: moths

text: over

text: great

text: distances

text: Other

text: species

text: communicate

text: with

text: sounds

text: crickets

text: stridulate

text: or

text: rub

text: their

text: wings

text: together

text: to

text: attract

text: a

text: mate

text: and

text: repel

text: other

text: males

text: Lampyridae

text: in

text: the

text: beetle

text: order

text: Coleoptera

text: communicate

text: with

text: light

question: What is the term for the gait of an insect characterized by walking in alternating triangles?

answer: tripedal

text: tripedal

question: What larval adaptation is common to underwater insects?

answer: gills

text: gills

question: What species of insect has the capability to walk on the surface of water?

answer: water striders

text: water striders

question: What do crickets do in order to attract or repel a mate?

answer: stridulate

text: stridulate

question: What variation of beetle in the Coleoptera order communicate by way of light?

answer: Lampyridae

text: Lampyridae

question: Insects move by walking, flying, and what else?

answer: swimming

text: swimming

question: Which insects walk, fly, and swim?

answer: Adult

text: Adult

question: Insects walk the ground in alternating what?

answer: triangles

text: triangles

question: Insects walking in an alternating triangle is called a what?

answer: tripedal gait

text: tripedal gait

question: What can insects do with each other in a variety of ways?

answer: communicate

text: communicate


text: Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Another

text: study

text: from

text: included

text: dental

text: school

text: students

text: from

text: University

text: of

text: Athens

text: the

text: result

text: showed

text: that

text: light

text: hair

text: colour

text: blonde

text: light

text: ash

text: brown

text: was

text: predominant

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: students

text: had

text: medium

text: hair

text: colour

text: Light

text: brown

text: Medium

text: darkest

text: brown

text: had

text: darkest

text: brown

text: and

text: black

text: off

text: black

text: midnight

text: black

text: In

text: conclusion

text: the

text: hair

text: colour

text: of

text: young

text: Greeks

text: are

text: mostly

text: brown

text: ranging

text: from

text: light

text: to

text: dark

text: brown

text: with

text: significant

text: minorities

text: having

text: black

text: and

text: blonde

text: hair

text: The

text: same

text: study

text: also

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: eye

text: colour

text: of

text: the

text: students

text: was

text: blue

text: green

text: medium

text: light

text: brown

text: and

text: dark

text: brown

question: What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks

answer: conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown

text: conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown

question: Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of Greek descent ?

answer: significant minorities having black and blonde hair

text: significant minorities having black and blonde hair

question: What eye color shows the least presence among those of Greek heritage ?

answer: 14.6% blue/green

text: 14.6% blue/green

question: What eye color is believed to be the norm among Greeks ?

answer: 57.4% dark brown

text: 57.4% dark brown


text: He notes that both A. P. de Candolle and Charles Lyell had stated that all organisms are exposed to severe competition. Darwin emphasizes that he used the phrase "struggle for existence" in "a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another"; he gives examples ranging from plants struggling against drought to plants competing for birds to eat their fruit and disseminate their seeds. He describes the struggle resulting from population growth: "It is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms." He discusses checks to such increase including complex ecological interdependencies, and notes that competition is most severe between closely related forms "which fill nearly the same place in the economy of nature".

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: He

text: notes

text: that

text: both

text: A.

text: P.

text: de

text: Candolle

text: and

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: had

text: stated

text: that

text: all

text: organisms

text: are

text: exposed

text: to

text: severe

text: competition

text: Darwin

text: emphasizes

text: that

text: he

text: used

text: the

text: phrase

text: struggle

text: for

text: existence

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: and

text: metaphorical

text: sense

text: including

text: dependence

text: of

text: one

text: being

text: on

text: another

text: he

text: gives

text: examples

text: ranging

text: from

text: plants

text: struggling

text: against

text: drought

text: to

text: plants

text: competing

text: for

text: birds

text: to

text: eat

text: their

text: fruit

text: and

text: disseminate

text: their

text: seeds

text: He

text: describes

text: the

text: struggle

text: resulting

text: from

text: population

text: growth

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: Malthus

text: applied

text: with

text: manifold

text: force

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: animal

text: and

text: vegetable

text: kingdoms

text: He

text: discusses

text: checks

text: to

text: such

text: increase

text: including

text: complex

text: ecological

text: interdependencies

text: and

text: notes

text: that

text: competition

text: is

text: most

text: severe

text: between

text: closely

text: related

text: forms

text: which

text: fill

text: nearly

text: the

text: same

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: of

text: nature

question: What is the struggle that Darwin describes about population likened to?

answer: doctrine of Malthus

text: doctrine of Malthus

question: Within what frame of reference does Darwin use the phrase "Struggle for Existence?"

answer: "a large and metaphorical sense

text: "a large and metaphorical sense

question: What was Charles Lyell's perception of what organisms are exposed to in their struggle for survival?

answer: all organisms are exposed to severe competition

text: all organisms are exposed to severe competition

question: When is competition strongest in the natural world?

answer: competition is most severe between closely related forms

text: competition is most severe between closely related forms

question: Why is competition so fierce between related species?

answer: fill nearly the same place in the economy of nature".

text: fill nearly the same place in the economy of nature".


text: On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase "by the Creator" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase "survival of the fittest", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864).

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: On

text: the

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: on

text: Thursday

text: November

text: priced

text: at

text: fifteen

text: shillings

text: with

text: a

text: first

text: printing

text: of

text: copies

text: The

text: book

text: had

text: been

text: offered

text: to

text: booksellers

text: at

text: Murray

text: 's

text: autumn

text: sale

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: November

text: and

text: all

text: available

text: copies

text: had

text: been

text: taken

text: up

text: immediately

text: In

text: total

text: copies

text: were

text: printed

text: but

text: after

text: deducting

text: presentation

text: and

text: review

text: copies

text: and

text: five

text: for

text: Stationers

text: Hall

text: copyright

text: around

text: copies

text: were

text: available

text: for

text: sale

text: Significantly

text: were

text: taken

text: by

text: Mudie

text: 's

text: Library

text: ensuring

text: that

text: the

text: book

text: promptly

text: reached

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: subscribers

text: to

text: the

text: library

text: The

text: second

text: edition

text: of

text: copies

text: was

text: quickly

text: brought

text: out

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: incorporated

text: numerous

text: corrections

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: religious

text: objections

text: by

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: epigraph

text: on

text: page

text: ii

text: a

text: quotation

text: from

text: Charles

text: Kingsley

text: and

text: the

text: phrase

text: by

text: the

text: Creator

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: closing

text: sentence

text: During

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: the

text: book

text: went

text: through

text: six

text: editions

text: with

text: cumulative

text: changes

text: and

text: revisions

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: counter

text: arguments

text: raised

text: The

text: third

text: edition

text: came

text: out

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: sentences

text: rewritten

text: or

text: added

text: and

text: an

text: introductory

text: appendix

text: An

text: Historical

text: Sketch

text: of

text: the

text: Recent

text: Progress

text: of

text: Opinion

text: on

text: the

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: while

text: the

text: fourth

text: in

text: had

text: further

text: revisions

text: The

text: fifth

text: edition

text: published

text: on

text: February

text: incorporated

text: more

text: changes

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: included

text: the

text: phrase

text: survival

text: of

text: the

text: fittest

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: coined

text: by

text: the

text: philosopher

text: Herbert

text: Spencer

text: in

text: his

text: Principles

text: of

text: Biology

question: What was the cost for the first published copies of On the Origin of Species?

answer: fifteen shillings

text: fifteen shillings

question: How many copies of On the Origin of Species were created in the first printing?

answer: 1250 copies

text: 1250 copies

question: Where was the book, On the Origin of Species first offered for sale?

answer: Murray's autumn sale

text: Murray's autumn sale

question: How many editions did On the Origin of Species go through during Darwin's lifetime?

answer: six editions

text: six editions

question: Which institution bought 500 copies of the book, ensuring that a large number of people would have access to it?

answer: Mudie's Library

text: Mudie's Library


text: During John's early years, Henry attempted to resolve the question of his succession. Henry the Young King had been crowned King of England in 1170, but was not given any formal powers by his father; he was also promised Normandy and Anjou as part of his future inheritance. Richard was to be appointed the Count of Poitou with control of Aquitaine, whilst Geoffrey was to become the Duke of Brittany. At this time it seemed unlikely that John would ever inherit substantial lands, and he was jokingly nicknamed "Lackland" by his father.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: During

text: John

text: 's

text: early

text: years

text: Henry

text: attempted

text: to

text: resolve

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: his

text: succession

text: Henry

text: the

text: Young

text: King

text: had

text: been

text: crowned

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: given

text: any

text: formal

text: powers

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: promised

text: Normandy

text: and

text: Anjou

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: future

text: inheritance

text: Richard

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: appointed

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Poitou

text: with

text: control

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: whilst

text: Geoffrey

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brittany

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: it

text: seemed

text: unlikely

text: that

text: John

text: would

text: ever

text: inherit

text: substantial

text: lands

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: jokingly

text: nicknamed

text: Lackland

text: by

text: his

text: father

question: When was Henry crowned King of England?

answer: 1170

question: What was Henry promised as part of his future inheritance?

answer: Normandy and Anjou

text: Normandy and Anjou

question: Who became the Duke of Brittany?

answer: Geoffrey

text: Geoffrey

question: What was John's nickname?

answer: Lackland

text: Lackland


text: The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1959 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos (see Secret War) and in the strategic bombing (see Operation Rolling Thunder) of North Vietnam. American advisors came in the late 1950s to help the RVN (Republic of Vietnam) combat Communist insurgents known as "Viet Cong." Major American military involvement began in 1964, after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: was

text: a

text: war

text: fought

text: between

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: in

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: bordering

text: areas

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: and

text: Laos

text: see

text: Secret

text: War

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: see

text: Operation

text: Rolling

text: Thunder

text: of

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: American

text: advisors

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: RVN

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: combat

text: Communist

text: insurgents

text: known

text: as

text: Viet

text: Cong

text: Major

text: American

text: military

text: involvement

text: began

text: in

text: after

text: Congress

text: provided

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: with

text: blanket

text: approval

text: for

text: presidential

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Tonkin

text: Resolution

question: When was the Vietnam War fought?

answer: between 1959 and 1975

text: between 1959 and 1975

question: Besides Vietnam, what other countries saw fighting in this war?

answer: Cambodia and Laos

text: Cambodia and Laos

question: What was the name of the strategic bombing of North Vietnam?

answer: Operation Rolling Thunder

text: Operation Rolling Thunder

question: When did American military involvement ramp up in Vietnam?

answer: 1964

question: What congressional declaration gave President Johnson authority to send troops to Vietnam?

answer: the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

text: the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution


text: Recent years have seen increasing applications of genetic and genomic techniques to the study of the brain  and a focus on the roles of neurotrophic factors and physical activity in neuroplasticity. The most common subjects are mice, because of the availability of technical tools. It is now possible with relative ease to "knock out" or mutate a wide variety of genes, and then examine the effects on brain function. More sophisticated approaches are also being used: for example, using Cre-Lox recombination it is possible to activate or deactivate genes in specific parts of the brain, at specific times.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Recent

text: years

text: have

text: seen

text: increasing

text: applications

text: of

text: genetic

text: and

text: genomic

text: techniques

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: a

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: neurotrophic

text: factors

text: and

text: physical

text: activity

text: in

text: neuroplasticity

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: subjects

text: are

text: mice

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: technical

text: tools

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: possible

text: with

text: relative

text: ease

text: to

text: knock

text: out

text: or

text: mutate

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: genes

text: and

text: then

text: examine

text: the

text: effects

text: on

text: brain

text: function

text: More

text: sophisticated

text: approaches

text: are

text: also

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: example

text: using

text: Cre

text: Lox

text: recombination

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: activate

text: or

text: deactivate

text: genes

text: in

text: specific

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: at

text: specific

text: times

question: What is the most common test subjects for studying of the brain?

answer: mice

text: mice


text: Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Stemmatics

text: stemmology

text: or

text: stemmatology

text: is

text: a

text: rigorous

text: approach

text: to

text: textual

text: criticism

text: Karl

text: Lachmann

text: greatly

text: contributed

text: to

text: making

text: this

text: method

text: famous

text: even

text: though

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: invent

text: it

text: The

text: method

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: word

text: stemma

text: The

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: word

text: στέμματα

text: and

text: its

text: loanword

text: in

text: classical

text: Latin

text: stemmata

text: may

text: refer

text: to

text: family

text: trees

text: This

text: specific

text: meaning

text: shows

text: the

text: relationships

text: of

text: the

text: surviving

text: witnesses

text: the

text: first

text: known

text: example

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: stemma

text: albeit

text: with

text: the

text: name

text: dates

text: from

text: The

text: family

text: tree

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: cladogram

text: The

text: method

text: works

text: from

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: community

text: of

text: error

text: implies

text: community

text: of

text: origin

text: That

text: is

text: if

text: two

text: witnesses

text: have

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: errors

text: in

text: common

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: presumed

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: derived

text: from

text: a

text: common

text: intermediate

text: source

text: called

text: a

text: hyparchetype

text: Relations

text: between

text: the

text: lost

text: intermediates

text: are

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: process

text: placing

text: all

text: extant

text: manuscripts

text: in

text: a

text: family

text: tree

text: or

text: stemma

text: codicum

text: descended

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: archetype

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: constructing

text: the

text: stemma

text: is

text: called

text: recension

text: or

text: the

text: Latin

text: recensio

question: What is stemmatics?

answer: a rigorous approach to textual criticism

text: a rigorous approach to textual criticism

question: What is a cladogram?

answer: The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram.

text: The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram.

question: What is implied when two witnesses have a number of errors in common?

answer: it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source

text: it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source

question: What is a hyparchetype?

answer: a common intermediate source

text: a common intermediate source

question: What is recension?

answer: The process of constructing the stemma

text: The process of constructing the stemma


text: Most definitions of sexual orientation include a psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component, which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s. Some people prefer simply to follow an individual's self-definition or identity. Scientific and professional understanding is that "the core attractions that form the basis for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence". Sexual orientation differs from sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Most

text: definitions

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: include

text: a

text: psychological

text: component

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: erotic

text: desires

text: or

text: a

text: behavioral

text: component

text: which

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: sex

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: sexual

text: partner

text: s

text: Some

text: people

text: prefer

text: simply

text: to

text: follow

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: self

text: definition

text: or

text: identity

text: Scientific

text: and

text: professional

text: understanding

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: core

text: attractions

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: adult

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: typically

text: emerge

text: between

text: middle

text: childhood

text: and

text: early

text: adolescence

text: Sexual

text: orientation

text: differs

text: from

text: sexual

text: identity

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: encompasses

text: relationships

text: with

text: others

text: while

text: sexual

text: identity

text: is

text: a

text: concept

text: of

text: self

question: What do the majority of defintions surronding sexual orientation include?

answer: psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component

text: psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component

question: What does a behaviorial component focus on when defining sexual orientation?

answer: focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s.

text: focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s.

question: What do other people use to determine a persons sexual idenity?

answer: an individual's self-definition

text: an individual's self-definition

question: When do scientists and professions agree that sexual orientation shows in a person?

answer: typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence

text: typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence

question: What is the difference between sexual idenity and sexual orientation?

answer: sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.

text: sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.


text: The first Digimon anime introduced the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data, which can be seen throughout the show. Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data. The data then recomposes itself as a Digi-Egg, which will hatch when rubbed gently, and the Digimon goes through its life cycle again. Digimon who are reincarnated in this way will sometimes retain some or all their memories of their previous life. However, if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: first

text: Digimon

text: anime

text: introduced

text: the

text: Digimon

text: life

text: cycle

text: They

text: age

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: fashion

text: to

text: real

text: organisms

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: die

text: under

text: normal

text: circumstances

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: reconfigurable

text: data

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: throughout

text: the

text: show

text: Any

text: Digimon

text: that

text: receives

text: a

text: fatal

text: wound

text: will

text: dissolve

text: into

text: infinitesimal

text: bits

text: of

text: data

text: The

text: data

text: then

text: recomposes

text: itself

text: as

text: a

text: Digi

text: Egg

text: which

text: will

text: hatch

text: when

text: rubbed

text: gently

text: and

text: the

text: Digimon

text: goes

text: through

text: its

text: life

text: cycle

text: again

text: Digimon

text: who

text: are

text: reincarnated

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: will

text: sometimes

text: retain

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: their

text: memories

text: of

text: their

text: previous

text: life

text: However

text: if

text: a

text: Digimon

text: 's

text: data

text: is

text: completely

text: destroyed

text: they

text: will

text: die

question: Are there any circumstances under which a digimon cannot be reborn?

answer: if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die

text: if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die

question: What typically happens when digimon are killed?

answer: Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data

text: Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data

question: What are digimon made of?

answer: reconfigurable data

text: reconfigurable data

question: How is a digimon reborn?

answer: The data then recomposes itself as a Digi-Egg, which will hatch when rubbed gently

text: The data then recomposes itself as a Digi-Egg, which will hatch when rubbed gently

question: When was the digimon life cycle first described?

answer: The first Digimon anime

text: The first Digimon anime

question: What was introduced during the first Digimon anime?

answer: Digimon life cycle

text: Digimon life cycle

question: What happened to a digimon that receives a fatal wound?

answer: dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data

text: dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data

question: What happens to a digimon after it dissolves?

answer: goes through its life cycle again

text: goes through its life cycle again

question: What happens if a Digimons data is completely destroyed?

answer: they will die

text: they will die


text: In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name "National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism", which stated that it constituted the "comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense".

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: adopted

text: Resolution

text: concerning

text: incitement

text: to

text: commit

text: acts

text: of

text: terrorism

text: and

text: the

text: obligations

text: of

text: countries

text: to

text: comply

text: with

text: international

text: human

text: rights

text: laws

text: Although

text: both

text: resolutions

text: require

text: mandatory

text: annual

text: reports

text: on

text: counter

text: terrorism

text: activities

text: by

text: adopting

text: nations

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Israel

text: have

text: both

text: declined

text: to

text: submit

text: reports

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: the

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: issued

text: a

text: planning

text: document

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: National

text: Military

text: Strategic

text: Plan

text: for

text: the

text: War

text: on

text: Terrorism

text: which

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: constituted

text: the

text: comprehensive

text: military

text: plan

text: to

text: prosecute

text: the

text: Global

text: War

text: on

text: Terror

text: for

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: including

text: the

text: findings

text: and

text: recommendations

text: of

text: the

text: Commission

text: and

text: a

text: rigorous

text: examination

text: with

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

question: What terrorism-related resolution did the UN Security Council adopt in 2005?

answer: Resolution 1624

text: Resolution 1624

question: Which countries haven't submitted the required reports to the UN Security Council?

answer: the United States and Israel

text: the United States and Israel

question: What plan did the DoD release in 2005?

answer: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism

text: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism

question: What did Resolution 1624 try to protect?

answer: international human rights laws

text: international human rights laws


text: With nitrides containing aluminium, most often AlGaN and AlGaInN, even shorter wavelengths are achievable. Ultraviolet LEDs in a range of wavelengths are becoming available on the market. Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacements for inspection of anti-counterfeiting UV watermarks in some documents and paper currencies. Shorter-wavelength diodes, while substantially more expensive, are commercially available for wavelengths down to 240 nm. As the photosensitivity of microorganisms approximately matches the absorption spectrum of DNA, with a peak at about 260 nm, UV LED emitting at 250–270 nm are to be expected in prospective disinfection and sterilization devices. Recent research has shown that commercially available UVA LEDs (365 nm) are already effective disinfection and sterilization devices. UV-C wavelengths were obtained in laboratories using aluminium nitride (210 nm), boron nitride (215 nm) and diamond (235 nm).

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: With

text: nitrides

text: containing

text: aluminium

text: most

text: often

text: AlGaN

text: and

text: AlGaInN

text: even

text: shorter

text: wavelengths

text: are

text: achievable

text: Ultraviolet

text: LEDs

text: in

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: wavelengths

text: are

text: becoming

text: available

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: Near

text: UV

text: emitters

text: at

text: wavelengths

text: around

text: nm

text: are

text: already

text: cheap

text: and

text: often

text: encountered

text: for

text: example

text: as

text: black

text: light

text: lamp

text: replacements

text: for

text: inspection

text: of

text: anti

text: counterfeiting

text: UV

text: watermarks

text: in

text: some

text: documents

text: and

text: paper

text: currencies

text: Shorter

text: wavelength

text: diodes

text: while

text: substantially

text: more

text: expensive

text: are

text: commercially

text: available

text: for

text: wavelengths

text: down

text: to

text: nm

text: As

text: the

text: photosensitivity

text: of

text: microorganisms

text: approximately

text: matches

text: the

text: absorption

text: spectrum

text: of

text: DNA

text: with

text: a

text: peak

text: at

text: about

text: nm

text: UV

text: LED

text: emitting

text: at

text: nm

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: expected

text: in

text: prospective

text: disinfection

text: and

text: sterilization

text: devices

text: Recent

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: commercially

text: available

text: UVA

text: LEDs

text: nm

text: are

text: already

text: effective

text: disinfection

text: and

text: sterilization

text: devices

text: UV

text: C

text: wavelengths

text: were

text: obtained

text: in

text: laboratories

text: using

text: aluminium

text: nitride

text: nm

text: boron

text: nitride

text: nm

text: and

text: diamond

text: nm

question: What substance does nitrides contain?

answer: aluminium

text: aluminium

question: What sort of LEDs are becoming more available on the market?

answer: Ultraviolet

text: Ultraviolet

question: What is the range of wavelengths for cheap UV LEDs?

answer: 375–395 nm

text: 375–395 nm

question: Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what?

answer: 240 nm

text: 240 nm

question: What UV wavelengths are found in sterilization devices?

answer: 250–270 nm

text: 250–270 nm


text: Important Justinian era mosaics decorated the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt. Generally wall mosaics have not survived in the region because of the destruction of buildings but the St. Catherine's Monastery is exceptional. On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background. In the apse we can see the Transfiguration of Jesus on a golden background. The apse is surrounded with bands containing medallions of apostles and prophets, and two contemporary figure, "Abbot Longinos" and "John the Deacon". The mosaic was probably created in 565/6.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Important

text: Justinian

text: era

text: mosaics

text: decorated

text: the

text: Saint

text: Catherine

text: 's

text: Monastery

text: on

text: Mount

text: Sinai

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Generally

text: wall

text: mosaics

text: have

text: not

text: survived

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: buildings

text: but

text: the

text: St.

text: Catherine

text: 's

text: Monastery

text: is

text: exceptional

text: On

text: the

text: upper

text: wall

text: Moses

text: is

text: shown

text: in

text: two

text: panels

text: on

text: a

text: landscape

text: background

text: In

text: the

text: apse

text: we

text: can

text: see

text: the

text: Transfiguration

text: of

text: Jesus

text: on

text: a

text: golden

text: background

text: The

text: apse

text: is

text: surrounded

text: with

text: bands

text: containing

text: medallions

text: of

text: apostles

text: and

text: prophets

text: and

text: two

text: contemporary

text: figure

text: Abbot

text: Longinos

text: and

text: John

text: the

text: Deacon

text: The

text: mosaic

text: was

text: probably

text: created

text: in

question: What era were the mosaics that adorned Saint Catherine's Monastery?

answer: Justinian

text: Justinian

question: Where is Saint Catherine's Monastery located?

answer: Mount Sinai in Egypt

text: Mount Sinai in Egypt

question: Why have wall mosaics generally not survived in the region?

answer: the destruction of buildings

text: the destruction of buildings

question: Who is depicted in Saint Catherine's Monastery on a mosaic landscape background?

answer: Moses

text: Moses

question: When was the mosaic at Saint Catherine's Monastery created?

answer: in 565/6

text: in 565/6


text: HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits. As of 2012[update], the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was just 3.1 percent. As of 2014[update], Life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA, and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the Infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: rate

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: much

text: lower

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: African

text: nations

text: such

text: as

text: Kenya

text: or

text: South

text: Africa

text: whose

text: prevalence

text: percentage

text: rates

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: double

text: digits

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: HIV

text: prevalence

text: rate

text: among

text: adults

text: ages

text: was

text: just

text: percent

text: As

text: of

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: years

text: on

text: average

text: according

text: to

text: CIA

text: and

text: just

text: over

text: half

text: the

text: population

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: potable

text: water

text: and

text: appropriate

text: sanitation

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Infant

text: mortality

text: is

text: deaths

text: per

text: live

text: births

question: How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012?

answer: 3.1 percent

text: 3.1 percent

question: What is Nigeria's life expectancy?

answer: 52.62 years

text: 52.62 years

question: How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water?

answer: just over half

text: just over half

question: What was Nigeria's infant mortality rate as of 2010?

answer: 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births

text: 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births


text: Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: Possibly

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: century

text: AD

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: works

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: having

text: magical

text: properties

text: and

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: divination

text: In

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sortes

text: Vergilianae

text: Virgilian

text: Lots

text: passages

text: would

text: be

text: selected

text: at

text: random

text: and

text: interpreted

text: to

text: answer

text: questions

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: starting

text: around

text: Naples

text: but

text: eventually

text: spreading

text: widely

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: a

text: tradition

text: developed

text: in

text: which

text: Virgil

text: was

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: magician

text: Legends

text: about

text: Virgil

text: and

text: his

text: magical

text: powers

text: remained

text: popular

text: for

text: over

text: two

text: hundred

text: years

text: arguably

text: becoming

text: as

text: prominent

text: as

text: his

text: writings

text: themselves

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: legacy

text: in

text: medieval

text: Wales

text: was

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: Welsh

text: version

text: of

text: his

text: name

text: Fferyllt

text: or

text: Pheryllt

text: became

text: a

text: generic

text: term

text: for

text: magic

text: worker

text: and

text: survives

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: Welsh

text: word

text: for

text: pharmacist

text: fferyllydd

question: Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?

answer: Naples

text: Naples

question: How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?

answer: over two hundred years

text: over two hundred years

question: What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?

answer: fferyllydd

text: fferyllydd

question: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?

answer: medieval Wales

text: medieval Wales

question: When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?

answer: 12th century

text: 12th century


text: After World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard "78": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for "long-play") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948. RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949, each pursuing their own r&d in secret. Both types of new disc used narrower grooves, intended to be played with smaller stylus—typically 0.001 inches (25 µm) wide, compared to 0.003 inches (76 µm) for a 78—so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove. In the mid-1950s all record companies agreed to a common recording standard called RIAA equalization. Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard, requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: two

text: new

text: competing

text: formats

text: came

text: onto

text: the

text: market

text: and

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: the

text: standard

text: the

text: rpm

text: often

text: just

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: rpm

text: and

text: the

text: rpm

text: see

text: above

text: The

text: rpm

text: LP

text: for

text: long

text: play

text: format

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: and

text: marketed

text: in

text: June

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: developed

text: the

text: rpm

text: format

text: and

text: marketed

text: it

text: in

text: March

text: each

text: pursuing

text: their

text: own

text: r&d

text: in

text: secret

text: Both

text: types

text: of

text: new

text: disc

text: used

text: narrower

text: grooves

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: with

text: smaller

text: stylus

text: typically

text: inches

text: µm

text: wide

text: compared

text: to

text: inches

text: µm

text: for

text: a

text: the

text: new

text: records

text: were

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Microgroove

text: In

text: the

text: all

text: record

text: companies

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: common

text: recording

text: standard

text: called

text: RIAA

text: equalization

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: each

text: company

text: used

text: its

text: own

text: preferred

text: standard

text: requiring

text: discriminating

text: listeners

text: to

text: use

text: pre

text: amplifiers

text: with

text: multiple

text: selectable

text: equalization

text: curves

question: What two formats replaced the 78?

answer: 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm

text: 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm

question: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm LP?

answer: Columbia Records

text: Columbia Records

question: When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market?

answer: June 1948

text: June 1948

question: When did RCA release their 45 rpm format?

answer: March 1949

text: March 1949

question: When were RIAA standards established?

answer: mid-1950s


text: The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls into the medical field of Infectious Disease and in some cases the study of propagation pertains to the field of Epidemiology. Generally, infections are initially diagnosed by primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists. For example, an "uncomplicated" pneumonia will generally be treated by the internist or the pulmonologist (lung physician). The work of the infectious diseases specialist therefore entails working with both patients and general practitioners, as well as laboratory scientists, immunologists, bacteriologists and other specialists.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: The

text: medical

text: treatment

text: of

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: falls

text: into

text: the

text: medical

text: field

text: of

text: Infectious

text: Disease

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: propagation

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: Epidemiology

text: Generally

text: infections

text: are

text: initially

text: diagnosed

text: by

text: primary

text: care

text: physicians

text: or

text: internal

text: medicine

text: specialists

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: uncomplicated

text: pneumonia

text: will

text: generally

text: be

text: treated

text: by

text: the

text: internist

text: or

text: the

text: pulmonologist

text: lung

text: physician

text: The

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: specialist

text: therefore

text: entails

text: working

text: with

text: both

text: patients

text: and

text: general

text: practitioners

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: laboratory

text: scientists

text: immunologists

text: bacteriologists

text: and

text: other

text: specialists

question: What medical field does the treatment of infectious diseases fall into?

answer: field of Infectious Disease

text: field of Infectious Disease

question: Disease propagation can fall under the purview of what field of study?

answer: Epidemiology

text: Epidemiology

question: Who tends to initially diagnose an infection?

answer: primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists

text: primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists

question: What is the non-medical mumbo jumbo term for pulmonologist?

answer: lung physician

text: lung physician

question: Who works with both patients and general practitioners to identify a disease?

answer: infectious diseases specialist

text: infectious diseases specialist


text: Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound. Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and it reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade. Hard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Hard

text: rock

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: The

text: Who

text: Deep

text: Purple

text: Aerosmith

text: AC

text: DC

text: and

text: Van

text: Halen

text: During

text: the

text: some

text: hard

text: rock

text: bands

text: moved

text: away

text: from

text: their

text: hard

text: rock

text: roots

text: and

text: more

text: towards

text: pop

text: rock

text: while

text: others

text: began

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: sound

text: Established

text: bands

text: made

text: a

text: comeback

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: it

text: reached

text: a

text: commercial

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: glam

text: metal

text: bands

text: like

text: Bon

text: Jovi

text: and

text: Def

text: Leppard

text: and

text: the

text: rawer

text: sounds

text: of

text: Guns

text: N

text: Roses

text: which

text: followed

text: up

text: with

text: great

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: part

text: of

text: that

text: decade

text: Hard

text: rock

text: began

text: losing

text: popularity

text: with

text: the

text: commercial

text: success

text: of

text: grunge

text: and

text: later

text: Britpop

text: in

text: the

question: What are two examples of glam metal bands?

answer: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard

text: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard

question: What two genres cut into hard rock's popularity at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s?

answer: grunge and later Britpop

text: grunge and later Britpop

question: What were some hard rock bands of the 1970s?

answer: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen

text: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen

question: What style did some hard rock bands embrace in the 1980s?

answer: pop rock

text: pop rock


text: On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses. Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper's key constituents. Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any other known contributor – 158 by 31 January 2008. According to its leading article, "From Our Own Correspondents", removal of full postal addresses was in order to fit more letters onto the page.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: On

text: June

text: The

text: Times

text: redesigned

text: its

text: Letters

text: page

text: dropping

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: printing

text: correspondents

text: full

text: postal

text: addresses

text: Published

text: letters

text: were

text: long

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: 's

text: key

text: constituents

text: Author

text: solicitor

text: David

text: Green

text: of

text: Castle

text: Morris

text: Pembrokeshire

text: has

text: had

text: more

text: letters

text: published

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: letters

text: page

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: known

text: contributor

text: by

text: January

text: According

text: to

text: its

text: leading

text: article

text: From

text: Our

text: Own

text: Correspondents

text: removal

text: of

text: full

text: postal

text: addresses

text: was

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: fit

text: more

text: letters

text: onto

text: the

text: page

question: On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned what page of its newspaper?

answer: Letters page

text: Letters page

question: In 2005, The Times dropped the practice of printing what kind of feature of its correspondents?

answer: full postal addresses

text: full postal addresses

question: Which author and solicitor has had more letters published on the main letters page of The Times than any other known contributor?

answer: David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire

text: David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire

question: The leading author and solicitor of the letters page in The Times had how many articles published?

answer: 158

question: What is the name of the leading article that referenced the removal of a major feature in The Times in 2005?

answer: From Our Own Correspondents

text: From Our Own Correspondents


text: The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 mi) narrow gauge railway is operated by the Rhaetian Railways and includes some World Heritage lines. The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: most

text: dense

text: rail

text: network

text: in

text: Europe

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: carries

text: over

text: million

text: passengers

text: annually

text: In

text: each

text: Swiss

text: citizen

text: travelled

text: on

text: average

text: km

text: mi

text: by

text: rail

text: which

text: makes

text: them

text: the

text: keenest

text: rail

text: users

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: administered

text: mainly

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Railways

text: except

text: in

text: Graubünden

text: where

text: the

text: km

text: mi

text: narrow

text: gauge

text: railway

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Rhaetian

text: Railways

text: and

text: includes

text: some

text: World

text: Heritage

text: lines

text: The

text: building

text: of

text: new

text: railway

text: base

text: tunnels

text: through

text: the

text: Alps

text: is

text: under

text: way

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: travel

text: between

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: AlpTransit

text: project

question: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?

answer: over 350 million

text: over 350 million

question: In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails?

answer: 2,258

question: Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system?

answer: Federal Railways

text: Federal Railways

question: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between?

answer: north and south

text: north and south

question: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps


text: When revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain in 1793, the United States sought to remain neutral, but the Jay Treaty, which was favorable to Great Britain, angered the French government, which viewed it as a violation of the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. French privateers began to seize U.S. vessels, which led to an undeclared "Quasi-War" between the two nations. Fought at sea from 1798 to 1800, the United States won a string of victories in the Caribbean. George Washington was called out of retirement to head a "provisional army" in case of invasion by France, but President John Adams managed to negotiate a truce, in which France agreed to terminate the prior alliance and cease its attacks.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: When

text: revolutionary

text: France

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Great

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: sought

text: to

text: remain

text: neutral

text: but

text: the

text: Jay

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: favorable

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: angered

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: which

text: viewed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Alliance

text: French

text: privateers

text: began

text: to

text: seize

text: U.S.

text: vessels

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: undeclared

text: Quasi

text: War

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: nations

text: Fought

text: at

text: sea

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: won

text: a

text: string

text: of

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: George

text: Washington

text: was

text: called

text: out

text: of

text: retirement

text: to

text: head

text: a

text: provisional

text: army

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: invasion

text: by

text: France

text: but

text: President

text: John

text: Adams

text: managed

text: to

text: negotiate

text: a

text: truce

text: in

text: which

text: France

text: agreed

text: to

text: terminate

text: the

text: prior

text: alliance

text: and

text: cease

text: its

text: attacks

question: What was the US policy when France declared war on England in 1793?

answer: to remain neutral

text: to remain neutral

question: What treaty with England conflicted with the United States' Treaty of Alliance with France?

answer: the Jay Treaty

text: the Jay Treaty

question: Where did US ships and French privateers fight between 1798 and 1800?

answer: the Caribbean

text: the Caribbean

question: What US President negotiated a truce with France to end the undeclared war at sea?

answer: John Adams

text: John Adams

question: When was the Treaty of Alliance with France signed?

answer: 1778


text: Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: slave

text: trade

text: that

text: had

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: the

text: coastal

text: town

text: of

text: Ulcinj

text: in

text: Montenegro

text: had

text: its

text: own

text: black

text: community

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: and

text: privateer

text: activity

text: it

text: is

text: told

text: how

text: until

text: in

text: Ulcinj

text: black

text: people

text: lived

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Army

text: also

text: deployed

text: an

text: estimated

text: Black

text: African

text: troops

text: and

text: cavalrymen

text: to

text: its

text: expedition

text: in

text: Hungary

text: during

text: the

text: Austro

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

question: Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish?

answer: in the Balkans

text: in the Balkans

question: What town had it's own black community?

answer: Ulcinj

text: Ulcinj

question: What country is Ulcinj in?

answer: Montenegro

text: Montenegro

question: How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?

answer: 100

question: How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?

answer: an estimated 30,000

text: an estimated 30,000


text: In Europe, Dutch is the majority language in the Netherlands (96%) and Belgium (59%) as well as a minority language in Germany and northern France's French Flanders, where it is in the ultimate stage of language death. Though Belgium as a whole is multilingual, the two regions into which the country is divided (Flanders, francophone Wallonia, bilingual Brussels and small 'facility' zones) are largely monolingual. The Netherlands and Belgium produce the vast majority of music, films, books and other media written or spoken in Dutch. Dutch is a monocentric language, with all speakers using the same standard form (authorized by the Dutch Language Union) based on a Dutch orthography employing the Latin alphabet when writing. In stark contrast to its written uniformity, Dutch lacks a prestige dialect and has a large dialectal continuum consisting of 28 main dialects, which can themselves be further divided into at least 600 distinguishable varieties.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: In

text: Europe

text: Dutch

text: is

text: the

text: majority

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: Belgium

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: minority

text: language

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: northern

text: France

text: 's

text: French

text: Flanders

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: ultimate

text: stage

text: of

text: language

text: death

text: Though

text: Belgium

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: is

text: multilingual

text: the

text: two

text: regions

text: into

text: which

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: divided

text: Flanders

text: francophone

text: Wallonia

text: bilingual

text: Brussels

text: and

text: small

text: facility

text: zones

text: are

text: largely

text: monolingual

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: Belgium

text: produce

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: music

text: films

text: books

text: and

text: other

text: media

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: in

text: Dutch

text: Dutch

text: is

text: a

text: monocentric

text: language

text: with

text: all

text: speakers

text: using

text: the

text: same

text: standard

text: form

text: authorized

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Language

text: Union

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: Dutch

text: orthography

text: employing

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: when

text: writing

text: In

text: stark

text: contrast

text: to

text: its

text: written

text: uniformity

text: Dutch

text: lacks

text: a

text: prestige

text: dialect

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: dialectal

text: continuum

text: consisting

text: of

text: main

text: dialects

text: which

text: can

text: themselves

text: be

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: at

text: least

text: distinguishable

text: varieties

question: What percentage of people in Belgium speak Dutch?

answer: 59%

question: What country in Europe has the highest percentage of Dutch speakers?

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

question: What region in France is experiencing Dutch language death?

answer: French Flanders

text: French Flanders

question: What's the name of the institution that ensures Dutch is monocentric?

answer: Dutch Language Union

text: Dutch Language Union

question: How many different major dialects of Dutch are there?

answer: 28


text: On February 18, 2015, Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced that Canada has agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the Gordie Howe International Bridge. Canada had already planned to pay for 95 per cent of the bridge, which will cost $2.1 billion, and is expected to open in 2020. "This allows Canada and Michigan to move the project forward immediately to its next steps which include further design work and property acquisition on the U.S. side of the border," Raitt said in a statement issued after she spoke in the House of Commons.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: On

text: February

text: Canadian

text: Transport

text: Minister

text: Lisa

text: Raitt

text: announced

text: that

text: Canada

text: has

text: agreed

text: to

text: pay

text: the

text: entire

text: cost

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: million

text: U.S.

text: Customs

text: plaza

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: planned

text: new

text: Detroit

text: Windsor

text: bridge

text: now

text: the

text: Gordie

text: Howe

text: International

text: Bridge

text: Canada

text: had

text: already

text: planned

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: bridge

text: which

text: will

text: cost

text: billion

text: and

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: open

text: in

text: This

text: allows

text: Canada

text: and

text: Michigan

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: project

text: forward

text: immediately

text: to

text: its

text: next

text: steps

text: which

text: include

text: further

text: design

text: work

text: and

text: property

text: acquisition

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: Raitt

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: statement

text: issued

text: after

text: she

text: spoke

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

question: Who is the Transport Minister in Canada?

answer: Lisa Raitt

text: Lisa Raitt

question: How much is the U.S. Customs plaza expected to cost?

answer: $250 million

text: $250 million

question: How much is the Gordie Howe International Bridge expected to cost?

answer: $2.1 billion

text: $2.1 billion

question: When is the Gordie Howe International Bridge expected to open?

answer: 2020

question: How much of the Gordie Howe International Bridge is Canada going to pay for?

answer: 95 per cent

text: 95 per cent


text: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as "part of the power structure rather than subject to it." Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors "are seldom allowed a dignified exit", and describes the administration as autocratic.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Sociologist

text: Rodney

text: Stark

text: states

text: that

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witness

text: leaders

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: very

text: democratic

text: and

text: that

text: members

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: rather

text: strict

text: standards

text: but

text: adds

text: that

text: enforcement

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: informal

text: sustained

text: by

text: the

text: close

text: bonds

text: of

text: friendship

text: within

text: the

text: group

text: and

text: that

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: see

text: themselves

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: power

text: structure

text: rather

text: than

text: subject

text: to

text: it

text: Sociologist

text: Andrew

text: Holden

text: states

text: that

text: most

text: members

text: who

text: join

text: millenarian

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: have

text: made

text: an

text: informed

text: choice

text: However

text: he

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: defectors

text: are

text: seldom

text: allowed

text: a

text: dignified

text: exit

text: and

text: describes

text: the

text: administration

text: as

text: autocratic

question: What profession did Rodney Stark grow up to become?

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

question: What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses?

answer: "not always very democratic"

text: "not always very democratic"

question: How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church?

answer: "part of the power structure rather than subject to it."

text: "part of the power structure rather than subject to it."

question: Another Sociologist, Andrew Holden, feels anyone who joins a movement such as the Jehovah's Witnesses has made a what?

answer: informed choice

text: informed choice

question: Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church?

answer: dignified exit

text: dignified exit


text: Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: Ningbo

text: Wenzhou

text: Taizhou

text: and

text: Zhoushan

text: are

text: important

text: commercial

text: ports

text: The

text: Hangzhou

text: Bay

text: Bridge

text: between

text: Haiyan

text: County

text: and

text: Cixi

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: bridge

text: over

text: a

text: continuous

text: body

text: of

text: sea

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What is an important commercial port along with Ningbo, Wenzhou and Taizhou?

answer: Zhoushan

text: Zhoushan

question: What bridge is between Haiyan County and Cixi?

answer: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge

text: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge

question: What is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world?

answer: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge

text: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge

question: What kind of ports are Taizhou and Ningbo?

answer: commercial

text: commercial

question: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge goes between Haiyan County and where else?

answer: Cixi

text: Cixi


text: Apollo was worshipped as Actiacus (/ækˈtaɪ.əkəs/ ak-TY-ə-kəs; Ἄκτιακός, Aktiakos, literally "Actian"), Delphinius (/dɛlˈfɪniəs/ del-FIN-ee-əs; Δελφίνιος, Delphinios, literally "Delphic"), and Pythius (/ˈpɪθiəs/ PITH-ee-əs; Πύθιος, Puthios, from Πυθώ, Pythō, the area around Delphi), after Actium (Ἄκτιον) and Delphi (Δελφοί) respectively, two of his principal places of worship. An etiology in the Homeric hymns associated the epithet "Delphinius" with dolphins. He was worshipped as Acraephius (/əˈkriːfiəs/ ə-KREE-fee-əs; Ἀκραιφιος,[clarification needed] Akraiphios, literally "Acraephian") or Acraephiaeus (/əˌkriːfiˈiːəs/ ə-KREE-fee-EE-əs; Ἀκραιφιαίος, Akraiphiaios, literally "Acraephian") in the Boeotian town of Acraephia (Ἀκραιφία), reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus; and as Smintheus (/ˈsmɪnθjuːs/ SMIN-thews; Σμινθεύς, Smintheus, "Sminthian"—that is, "of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe") near the Troad town of Hamaxitus. The epithet "Smintheus" has historically been confused with σμίνθος, "mouse", in association with Apollo's role as a god of disease. For this he was also known as Parnopius (/pɑːrˈnoʊpiəs/ par-NOH-pee-əs; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, "locust") and to the Romans as Culicarius (/ˌkjuːlᵻˈkæriəs/ KEW-li-KARR-ee-əs; from Latin culicārius, "of midges").

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Apollo

text: was

text: worshipped

text: as

text: Actiacus

text: /ækˈtaɪ.əkəs/

text: ak

text: TY

text: ə

text: kəs

text: Ἄκτιακός

text: Aktiakos

text: literally

text: Actian

text: Delphinius

text: /dɛlˈfɪniəs/

text: del

text: FIN

text: ee

text: əs

text: Δελφίνιος

text: Delphinios

text: literally

text: Delphic

text: and

text: Pythius

text: /ˈpɪθiəs/

text: PITH

text: ee

text: əs

text: Πύθιος

text: Puthios

text: from

text: Πυθώ

text: Pythō

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: Delphi

text: after

text: Actium

text: Ἄκτιον

text: and

text: Delphi

text: Δελφοί

text: respectively

text: two

text: of

text: his

text: principal

text: places

text: of

text: worship

text: An

text: etiology

text: in

text: the

text: Homeric

text: hymns

text: associated

text: the

text: epithet

text: Delphinius

text: with

text: dolphins

text: He

text: was

text: worshipped

text: as

text: Acraephius

text: /əˈkriːfiəs/

text: ə

text: KREE

text: fee

text: əs

text: Ἀκραιφιος,[clarification

text: needed

text: Akraiphios

text: literally

text: Acraephian

text: or

text: Acraephiaeus

text: /əˌkriːfiˈiːəs/

text: ə

text: KREE

text: fee

text: EE

text: əs

text: Ἀκραιφιαίος

text: Akraiphiaios

text: literally

text: Acraephian

text: in

text: the

text: Boeotian

text: town

text: of

text: Acraephia

text: Ἀκραιφία

text: reputedly

text: founded

text: by

text: his

text: son

text: Acraepheus

text: and

text: as

text: Smintheus

text: /ˈsmɪnθjuːs/

text: SMIN

text: thews

text: Σμινθεύς

text: Smintheus

text: Sminthian

text: that

text: is

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Sminthos

text: or

text: Sminthe

text: near

text: the

text: Troad

text: town

text: of

text: Hamaxitus

text: The

text: epithet

text: Smintheus

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: confused

text: with

text: σμίνθος

text: mouse

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: Apollo

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: disease

text: For

text: this

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Parnopius

text: /pɑːrˈnoʊpiəs/

text: par

text: NOH

text: pee

text: əs

text: Παρνόπιος

text: Parnopios

text: from

text: πάρνοψ

text: locust

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Romans

text: as

text: Culicarius

text: /ˌkjuːlᵻˈkæriəs/

text: KEW

text: li

text: KARR

text: ee

text: əs

text: from

text: Latin

text: culicārius

text: of

text: midges

question: The epithet Delphinius is associated with what animal?

answer: dolphins

text: dolphins

question: Who is Apollo's son?

answer: Acraepheus

text: Acraepheus

question: What epithet has historically been confused with "mouse?"

answer: Smintheus

text: Smintheus


text: There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between the luminous efficacy and color rendering. For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. However, although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficacy. Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: multi

text: color

text: white

text: LEDs

text: di-

text: tri-

text: and

text: tetrachromatic

text: white

text: LEDs

text: Several

text: key

text: factors

text: that

text: play

text: among

text: these

text: different

text: methods

text: include

text: color

text: stability

text: color

text: rendering

text: capability

text: and

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: Often

text: higher

text: efficiency

text: will

text: mean

text: lower

text: color

text: rendering

text: presenting

text: a

text: trade

text: off

text: between

text: the

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: and

text: color

text: rendering

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: dichromatic

text: white

text: LEDs

text: have

text: the

text: best

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: lm

text: W

text: but

text: the

text: lowest

text: color

text: rendering

text: capability

text: However

text: although

text: tetrachromatic

text: white

text: LEDs

text: have

text: excellent

text: color

text: rendering

text: capability

text: they

text: often

text: have

text: poor

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: Trichromatic

text: white

text: LEDs

text: are

text: in

text: between

text: having

text: both

text: good

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: lm

text: W

text: and

text: fair

text: color

text: rendering

text: capability

question: What is a factor that may be different in the various types of multi-color white LEDs?

answer: luminous efficacy

text: luminous efficacy

question: Higher efficiency in multi-color white LEDs may mean what?

answer: lower color rendering

text: lower color rendering

question: What is one type of multi-color white LED?

answer: tetrachromatic

text: tetrachromatic

question: What type has the best luminous efficacy?

answer: dichromatic white LEDs

text: dichromatic white LEDs

question: What luminous efficacy does trichromatic white LEDs have?

answer: >70 lm/W

text: >70 lm/W


text: The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: possibility

text: of

text: withdrawal

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: and

text: its

text: travaux

text: preparatoire

text: It

text: has

text: for

text: example

text: been

text: held

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: to

text: withdraw

text: from

text: the

text: International

text: Covenant

text: on

text: Civil

text: and

text: Political

text: Rights

text: When

text: North

text: Korea

text: declared

text: its

text: intention

text: to

text: do

text: this

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: acting

text: as

text: registrar

text: said

text: that

text: original

text: signatories

text: of

text: the

text: ICCPR

text: had

text: not

text: overlooked

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: explicitly

text: providing

text: for

text: withdrawal

text: but

text: rather

text: had

text: deliberately

text: intended

text: not

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: it

text: Consequently

text: withdrawal

text: was

text: not

text: possible

question: What is an example of a treaty from which it is not possible to withdraw?

answer: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

text: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

question: What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

answer: North Korea

text: North Korea

question: Who, acting as registrar, informed North Korea that withdrawal was deliberately precluded by the original signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

answer: the Secretary-General of the United Nations

text: the Secretary-General of the United Nations

question: What two factors determine whether it is possible to withdraw from a treaty?

answer: the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire

text: the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire

question: The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions?

answer: The possibility of withdrawal

text: The possibility of withdrawal