text: The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for this region, apparently after the Bronx River, first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was a possessive or collective one referring to the family, as in visiting The Broncks, The Bronck's or The Broncks'.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: both

text: legally

text: and

text: colloquially

text: with

text: a

text: definite

text: article

text: as

text: the

text: Bronx

text: The

text: County

text: of

text: Bronx

text: unlike

text: the

text: coextensive

text: Borough

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: does

text: not

text: place

text: the

text: immediately

text: before

text: Bronx

text: in

text: formal

text: references

text: nor

text: does

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Postal

text: Service

text: in

text: its

text: database

text: of

text: Bronx

text: addresses

text: The

text: name

text: for

text: this

text: region

text: apparently

text: after

text: the

text: Bronx

text: River

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Annexed

text: District

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: created

text: in

text: out

text: of

text: part

text: of

text: Westchester

text: County

text: and

text: was

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: Borough

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: which

text: included

text: a

text: larger

text: annexation

text: from

text: Westchester

text: County

text: in

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: definite

text: article

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: referring

text: to

text: rivers

text: Another

text: explanation

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: definite

text: article

text: in

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: original

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: a

text: possessive

text: or

text: collective

text: one

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: as

text: in

text: visiting

text: The

text: Broncks

text: The

text: Bronck

text: 's

text: or

text: The

text: Broncks

question: What is the Bronx's county name?

answer: The County of Bronx

text: The County of Bronx

question: What is the Bronx's borough name?

answer: Borough of the Bronx

text: Borough of the Bronx

question: When was the Bronx created?

answer: 1874

question: When was the Bronx added to?

answer: 1898

question: What county was the Bronx split off from?

answer: Westchester

text: Westchester


text: On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market. As of September 2010, Marvel switched its bookstores distribution company from Diamond Book Distributors to Hachette Distribution Services.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: On

text: August

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: announced

text: a

text: deal

text: to

text: acquire

text: Marvel

text: Comics

text: parent

text: corporation

text: Marvel

text: Entertainment

text: for

text: billion

text: or

text: billion

text: with

text: Marvel

text: shareholders

text: to

text: receive

text: and

text: Disney

text: shares

text: for

text: each

text: share

text: of

text: Marvel

text: they

text: own

text: As

text: of

text: Marvel

text: and

text: its

text: major

text: longtime

text: competitor

text: DC

text: Comics

text: shared

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: comic

text: book

text: market

text: As

text: of

text: September

text: Marvel

text: switched

text: its

text: bookstores

text: distribution

text: company

text: from

text: Diamond

text: Book

text: Distributors

text: to

text: Hachette

text: Distribution

text: Services

question: What entertainment company purchased Marvel at the end of the 2000s?

answer: The Walt Disney Company

text: The Walt Disney Company

question: When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?

answer: August 31, 2009

text: August 31, 2009

question: What was the sale price of Marvel?

answer: $4 billion or $4.2 billion

text: $4 billion or $4.2 billion

question: What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?

answer: 80%

question: In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?

answer: Hachette Distribution Services

text: Hachette Distribution Services


text: King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: King

text: Matthias

text: Corvinus

text: of

text: Hungary

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: directing

text: campaigns

text: to

text: the

text: West

text: conquering

text: Bohemia

text: in

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: Pope

text: 's

text: call

text: for

text: help

text: against

text: the

text: Hussite

text: Protestants

text: Also

text: in

text: resolving

text: political

text: hostilities

text: with

text: the

text: German

text: emperor

text: Frederick

text: III

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: he

text: invaded

text: his

text: western

text: domains

text: Matthew

text: organized

text: the

text: Black

text: Army

text: of

text: mercenary

text: soldiers

text: it

text: was

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: biggest

text: army

text: of

text: its

text: time

text: Using

text: this

text: powerful

text: tool

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: king

text: led

text: wars

text: against

text: the

text: Turkish

text: armies

text: and

text: stopped

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: during

text: his

text: reign

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Matthew

text: and

text: with

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Army

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: grew

text: in

text: strength

text: and

text: Central

text: Europe

text: was

text: defenseless

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Mohács

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: annihilated

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: army

text: and

text: Louis

text: II

text: of

text: Hungary

text: drowned

text: in

text: the

text: Csele

text: Creek

text: while

text: trying

text: to

text: escape

text: The

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: army

text: Pál

text: Tomori

text: also

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: This

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: battles

text: of

text: Medieval

text: times

question: How did Louis II of Hungary die?

answer: drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape

text: drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape

question: Who was the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?

answer: Pál Tomori

text: Pál Tomori

question: In what years did Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary?

answer: 1458–1490

question: Who did Matthias defeat to conquer Bohemia?

answer: Hussite Protestants

text: Hussite Protestants

question: Who opposed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?

answer: the forces of the Ottoman Empire

text: the forces of the Ottoman Empire


text: In 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-century theory was gate control theory, introduced by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in the 1965 Science article "Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory". The authors proposed that both thin (pain) and large diameter (touch, pressure, vibration) nerve fibers carry information from the site of injury to two destinations in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and that the more large fiber activity relative to thin fiber activity at the inhibitory cell, the less pain is felt. Both peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory have been superseded by more modern theories of pain[citation needed].

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: In

text: DC

text: Sinclair

text: and

text: G

text: Weddell

text: developed

text: peripheral

text: pattern

text: theory

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: suggestion

text: by

text: John

text: Paul

text: Nafe

text: They

text: proposed

text: that

text: all

text: skin

text: fiber

text: endings

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: those

text: innervating

text: hair

text: cells

text: are

text: identical

text: and

text: that

text: pain

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: intense

text: stimulation

text: of

text: these

text: fibers

text: Another

text: century

text: theory

text: was

text: gate

text: control

text: theory

text: introduced

text: by

text: Ronald

text: Melzack

text: and

text: Patrick

text: Wall

text: in

text: the

text: Science

text: article

text: Pain

text: Mechanisms

text: A

text: New

text: Theory

text: The

text: authors

text: proposed

text: that

text: both

text: thin

text: pain

text: and

text: large

text: diameter

text: touch

text: pressure

text: vibration

text: nerve

text: fibers

text: carry

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: injury

text: to

text: two

text: destinations

text: in

text: the

text: dorsal

text: horn

text: of

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: more

text: large

text: fiber

text: activity

text: relative

text: to

text: thin

text: fiber

text: activity

text: at

text: the

text: inhibitory

text: cell

text: the

text: less

text: pain

text: is

text: felt

text: Both

text: peripheral

text: pattern

text: theory

text: and

text: gate

text: control

text: theory

text: have

text: been

text: superseded

text: by

text: more

text: modern

text: theories

text: of

text: pain[citation

text: needed

question: What year was peripheral pattern theory developed?

answer: 1955

question: Whose suggestion prompted the development of peripheral pattern theory?

answer: John Paul Nafe

text: John Paul Nafe

question: What does the gate control theory specify the diameter of which is responsible for the amount of pain sensation?

answer: nerve fibers

text: nerve fibers

question: What did DC Sinclair and G Weddell propose a property of all skin fiber endings is?

answer: identical

text: identical

question: Why were peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory left behind?

answer: superseded by more modern theories of pain

text: superseded by more modern theories of pain


text: Following his triumph, Napoleon imposed the first elements of the Continental System through the Berlin Decree issued in November 1806. The Continental System, which prohibited European nations from trading with Britain, was widely violated throughout his reign. In the next few months, Napoleon marched against the advancing Russian armies through Poland and was involved in the bloody stalemate at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807. After a period of rest and consolidation on both sides, the war restarted in June with an initial struggle at Heilsberg that proved indecisive. On 14 June, however, Napoleon finally obtained an overwhelming victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland, wiping out the majority of the Russian army in a very bloody struggle. The scale of their defeat convinced the Russians to make peace with the French. On 19 June, Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon. The latter assured the envoy that the Vistula River represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe. On that basis, the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of Tilsit after meeting on an iconic raft on the River Niemen. The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well-calibrated: "I hate the English as much as you do."

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Following

text: his

text: triumph

text: Napoleon

text: imposed

text: the

text: first

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: through

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Decree

text: issued

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: Continental

text: System

text: which

text: prohibited

text: European

text: nations

text: from

text: trading

text: with

text: Britain

text: was

text: widely

text: violated

text: throughout

text: his

text: reign

text: In

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: months

text: Napoleon

text: marched

text: against

text: the

text: advancing

text: Russian

text: armies

text: through

text: Poland

text: and

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: bloody

text: stalemate

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Eylau

text: in

text: February

text: After

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: rest

text: and

text: consolidation

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: the

text: war

text: restarted

text: in

text: June

text: with

text: an

text: initial

text: struggle

text: at

text: Heilsberg

text: that

text: proved

text: indecisive

text: On

text: June

text: however

text: Napoleon

text: finally

text: obtained

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Russians

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Friedland

text: wiping

text: out

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: in

text: a

text: very

text: bloody

text: struggle

text: The

text: scale

text: of

text: their

text: defeat

text: convinced

text: the

text: Russians

text: to

text: make

text: peace

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: On

text: June

text: Czar

text: Alexander

text: sent

text: an

text: envoy

text: to

text: seek

text: an

text: armistice

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: The

text: latter

text: assured

text: the

text: envoy

text: that

text: the

text: Vistula

text: River

text: represented

text: the

text: natural

text: borders

text: between

text: French

text: and

text: Russian

text: influence

text: in

text: Europe

text: On

text: that

text: basis

text: the

text: two

text: emperors

text: began

text: peace

text: negotiations

text: at

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Tilsit

text: after

text: meeting

text: on

text: an

text: iconic

text: raft

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Niemen

text: The

text: very

text: first

text: thing

text: Alexander

text: said

text: to

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: probably

text: well

text: calibrated

text: I

text: hate

text: the

text: English

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: you

text: do

question: In what 1806 proclamation did Napoleon begin to impose the Continental System?

answer: the Berlin Decree

text: the Berlin Decree

question: What was the system Napoleon imposed though the Berlin Decree?

answer: The Continental System

text: The Continental System

question: When was the Berlin Decree issued?

answer: November 1806

text: November 1806

question: In what year was the Battle of Eylau?

answer: 1807

question: In what 14 June conflict did Napoleon win a decisive victory over the Russians?

answer: the Battle of Friedland

text: the Battle of Friedland


text: After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon. Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signalled the end of Antigonid power in Greece. In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: After

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: confusion

text: following

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: Antigonid

text: dynasty

text: descended

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: generals

text: established

text: its

text: control

text: over

text: Macedon

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: by

text: BC

text: From

text: about

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: became

text: increasingly

text: involved

text: in

text: Greek

text: affairs

text: and

text: engaged

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: wars

text: with

text: Macedon

text: Macedon

text: 's

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Pydna

text: in

text: BC

text: signalled

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Antigonid

text: power

text: in

text: Greece

text: In

text: BC

text: Macedonia

text: was

text: annexed

text: as

text: a

text: province

text: by

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Greece

text: became

text: a

text: Roman

text: protectorate

question: Who controlled Macedon after Alexander died?

answer: the Antigonid dynasty

text: the Antigonid dynasty

question: The Roman Empire became more controlling of Greece starting in what year?

answer: 200 BC

text: 200 BC

question: Macedon lost what war in 168 BC?

answer: Battle of Pydna

text: Battle of Pydna

question: In what year did Greece become a part of Rome?

answer: 146 BC

text: 146 BC

question: The end of Antigonid rule began in what year?

answer: 168 BC

text: 168 BC


text: The blue and red colours of the shirt were first worn in a match against Hispania in 1900. Several competing theories have been put forth for the blue and red design of the Barcelona shirt. The son of the first president, Arthur Witty, claimed it was the idea of his father as the colours were the same as the Merchant Taylor's School team. Another explanation, according to author Toni Strubell, is that the colours are from Robespierre's First Republic. In Catalonia the common perception is that the colours were chosen by Joan Gamper and are those of his home team, FC Basel. The club's most frequently used change colours have been yellow and orange. An away kit featuring the red and yellow stripes of the flag of Catalonia has also been used.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: The

text: blue

text: and

text: red

text: colours

text: of

text: the

text: shirt

text: were

text: first

text: worn

text: in

text: a

text: match

text: against

text: Hispania

text: in

text: Several

text: competing

text: theories

text: have

text: been

text: put

text: forth

text: for

text: the

text: blue

text: and

text: red

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Barcelona

text: shirt

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: president

text: Arthur

text: Witty

text: claimed

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: as

text: the

text: colours

text: were

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: Merchant

text: Taylor

text: 's

text: School

text: team

text: Another

text: explanation

text: according

text: to

text: author

text: Toni

text: Strubell

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: colours

text: are

text: from

text: Robespierre

text: 's

text: First

text: Republic

text: In

text: Catalonia

text: the

text: common

text: perception

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: colours

text: were

text: chosen

text: by

text: Joan

text: Gamper

text: and

text: are

text: those

text: of

text: his

text: home

text: team

text: FC

text: Basel

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: most

text: frequently

text: used

text: change

text: colours

text: have

text: been

text: yellow

text: and

text: orange

text: An

text: away

text: kit

text: featuring

text: the

text: red

text: and

text: yellow

text: stripes

text: of

text: the

text: flag

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

question: When were the blue and red colors worn for a game by Barcelona?

answer: 1900

question: When the colors were first worn, what team did Barcelona play?

answer: Hispania

text: Hispania

question: What do the red and yellow stripes of the away kit symbolize?

answer: flag of Catalonia

text: flag of Catalonia

question: What are Barcelona's most often used change colors?

answer: yellow and orange

text: yellow and orange

question: From what source do Catalons think the red/blue colors originated?

answer: Joan Gamper

text: Joan Gamper


text: As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the "literary" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries. Now, science appears mostly in journals. Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still exhibit great value, but since the science in them has largely become outdated, they no longer serve for scientific instruction. Yet, they remain too technical to sit well in most programmes of literary study. Outside of "history of science" programmes, students rarely read such works.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: As

text: advances

text: and

text: specialization

text: have

text: made

text: new

text: scientific

text: research

text: inaccessible

text: to

text: most

text: audiences

text: the

text: literary

text: nature

text: of

text: science

text: writing

text: has

text: become

text: less

text: pronounced

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: centuries

text: Now

text: science

text: appears

text: mostly

text: in

text: journals

text: Scientific

text: works

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: Copernicus

text: and

text: Newton

text: still

text: exhibit

text: great

text: value

text: but

text: since

text: the

text: science

text: in

text: them

text: has

text: largely

text: become

text: outdated

text: they

text: no

text: longer

text: serve

text: for

text: scientific

text: instruction

text: Yet

text: they

text: remain

text: too

text: technical

text: to

text: sit

text: well

text: in

text: most

text: programmes

text: of

text: literary

text: study

text: Outside

text: of

text: history

text: of

text: science

text: programmes

text: students

text: rarely

text: read

text: such

text: works

question: What two elements have reduced the literary nature of scientific journals?

answer: advances and specialization

text: advances and specialization

question: The segregation of science writing means that articles in those subjects primarily appear where?

answer: journals

text: journals

question: The work of what classical scientists is caught between being outdated and of literary importance?

answer: Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton

text: Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton

question: In what coursework is one still likely to encounter the works of these classic scientists?

answer: "history of science" programmes

text: "history of science" programmes


text: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: When

text: Emperor

text: Haile

text: Selassie

text: unilaterally

text: dissolved

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: parliament

text: and

text: annexed

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: ELF

text: waged

text: an

text: armed

text: struggle

text: for

text: independence

text: The

text: ensuing

text: Eritrean

text: War

text: for

text: Independence

text: went

text: on

text: for

text: years

text: against

text: successive

text: Ethiopian

text: governments

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: EPLF

text: a

text: successor

text: of

text: the

text: ELF

text: defeated

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: forces

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: helped

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: Ethiopian

text: rebel

text: forces

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Capital

text: Addis

text: Ababa

question: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?

answer: Emperor Haile Selassie

text: Emperor Haile Selassie

question: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?

answer: ELF

text: ELF

question: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?

answer: Eritrean Liberation Front

text: Eritrean Liberation Front

question: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?

answer: 30 years

text: 30 years

question: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?

answer: EPLF

text: EPLF


text: One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.[citation needed] Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: One

text: language

text: Interlingua

text: was

text: developed

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: languages

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: would

text: act

text: as

text: its

text: dialects

text: Drawing

text: from

text: such

text: concepts

text: as

text: the

text: international

text: scientific

text: vocabulary

text: and

text: Standard

text: Average

text: European

text: linguists[who

text: developed

text: a

text: theory

text: that

text: the

text: modern

text: Western

text: languages

text: were

text: actually

text: dialects

text: of

text: a

text: hidden

text: or

text: latent

text: language.[citation

text: needed

text: Researchers

text: at

text: the

text: International

text: Auxiliary

text: Language

text: Association

text: extracted

text: words

text: and

text: affixes

text: that

text: they

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: Interlingua

text: 's

text: vocabulary

text: In

text: theory

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: languages

text: would

text: understand

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: Interlingua

text: immediately

text: without

text: prior

text: study

text: since

text: their

text: own

text: languages

text: were

text: its

text: dialects

text: This

text: has

text: often

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: true

text: especially

text: but

text: not

text: solely

text: for

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Romance

text: languages

text: and

text: educated

text: speakers

text: of

text: English

text: Interlingua

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: the

text: learning

text: of

text: other

text: languages

text: In

text: one

text: study

text: Swedish

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: learning

text: Interlingua

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: translate

text: passages

text: from

text: Spanish

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Italian

text: that

text: students

text: of

text: those

text: languages

text: found

text: too

text: difficult

text: to

text: understand

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: however

text: that

text: the

text: vocabulary

text: of

text: Interlingua

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: Western

text: language

text: families

question: What language could all Western languages be considered dialects of?

answer: Interlingua

text: Interlingua

question: Researchers at what organization study and develop Interlingua?

answer: International Auxiliary Language Association

text: International Auxiliary Language Association

question: What was the nationality of high school students who learned Interlingua in a notable linguistic experiment?

answer: Swedish

text: Swedish

question: Along with Italian and Spanish, what language could Swedish Interlingua learners translate?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: Along with Standard Average European, from what concept was Interlingua derived?

answer: the international scientific vocabulary

text: the international scientific vocabulary


text: The Café Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafés in the city. The Café Procope in particular became a center of Enlightenment, welcoming such celebrities as Voltaire and Rousseau. The Café Procope was where Diderot and D'Alembert decided to create the Encyclopédie. The cafés were one of the various "nerve centers" for bruits publics, public noise or rumour. These bruits were allegedly a much better source of information than were the actual newspapers available at the time.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: Café

text: Procope

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: there

text: were

text: around

text: cafés

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Café

text: Procope

text: in

text: particular

text: became

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: welcoming

text: such

text: celebrities

text: as

text: Voltaire

text: and

text: Rousseau

text: The

text: Café

text: Procope

text: was

text: where

text: Diderot

text: and

text: D'Alembert

text: decided

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

text: The

text: cafés

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: nerve

text: centers

text: for

text: bruits

text: publics

text: public

text: noise

text: or

text: rumour

text: These

text: bruits

text: were

text: allegedly

text: a

text: much

text: better

text: source

text: of

text: information

text: than

text: were

text: the

text: actual

text: newspapers

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: time

question: Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: By the 1720s. how many cafes were in Paris?

answer: around 400

text: around 400

question: In which Cafe was the Encyclopedie created?

answer: The Café Procope

text: The Café Procope

question: Were bruits or newspapers allegedly a better source of information?

answer: bruits

text: bruits


text: In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: future

text: palace

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Manor

text: of

text: Ebury

text: also

text: called

text: Eia

text: The

text: marshy

text: ground

text: was

text: watered

text: by

text: the

text: river

text: Tyburn

text: which

text: still

text: flows

text: below

text: the

text: courtyard

text: and

text: south

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: Where

text: the

text: river

text: was

text: fordable

text: at

text: Cow

text: Ford

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Eye

text: Cross

text: grew

text: Ownership

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: changed

text: hands

text: many

text: times

text: owners

text: included

text: Edward

text: the

text: Confessor

text: and

text: his

text: queen

text: consort

text: Edith

text: of

text: Wessex

text: in

text: late

text: Saxon

text: times

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: William

text: the

text: Conqueror

text: William

text: gave

text: the

text: site

text: to

text: Geoffrey

text: de

text: Mandeville

text: who

text: bequeathed

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: monks

text: of

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

question: Which river runs underneath the palace?

answer: river Tyburn

text: river Tyburn

question: The site of the palace was once owned by which queen consort in the late Saxon times?

answer: Edith of Wessex

text: Edith of Wessex

question: Who did William the Conqueror give the site of the palace to?

answer: Geoffrey de Mandeville

text: Geoffrey de Mandeville

question: The site was passed to monks from which abbey?

answer: Westminster Abbey

text: Westminster Abbey

question: The site of the palace formed part of which Manor in the Middles ages?

answer: Manor of Ebury

text: Manor of Ebury

question: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?

answer: Eye Cross

text: Eye Cross

question: Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster?

answer: Geoffrey de Mandeville

text: Geoffrey de Mandeville

question: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?

answer: Manor of Ebury

text: Manor of Ebury


text: The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th century, a cappella polyphony had further developed, but gradually, the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms. 16th century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day. Recent evidence has shown that some of the early pieces by Palestrina, such as what was written for the Sistine Chapel was intended to be accompanied by an organ "doubling" some or all of the voices. Such is seen in the life of Palestrina becoming a major influence on Bach, most notably in the aforementioned Mass in B Minor. Other composers that utilized the a cappella style, if only for the occasional piece, were Claudio Monteverdi and his masterpiece, Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata (A lover's tears at his beloved's grave), which was composed in 1610, and Andrea Gabrieli when upon his death it was discovered many choral pieces, one of which was in the unaccompanied style. Learning from the preceding two composeres, Heinrich Schütz utilized the a cappella style in numerous pieces, chief among these were the pieces in the oratorio style, which were traditionally performed during the Easter week and dealt with the religious subject matter of that week, such as Christ's suffering and the Passion. Five of Schutz's Historien were Easter pieces, and of these the latter three, which dealt with the passion from three different viewpoints, those of Matthew, Luke and John, were all done a cappella style. This was a near requirement for this type of piece, and the parts of the crowd were sung while the solo parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a plainchant.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: The

text: polyphony

text: of

text: Christian

text: a

text: cappella

text: music

text: began

text: to

text: develop

text: in

text: Europe

text: around

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: with

text: compositions

text: by

text: Josquin

text: des

text: Prez

text: The

text: early

text: a

text: cappella

text: polyphonies

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: an

text: accompanying

text: instrument

text: although

text: this

text: instrument

text: would

text: merely

text: double

text: the

text: singers

text: parts

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: independent

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: cappella

text: polyphony

text: had

text: further

text: developed

text: but

text: gradually

text: the

text: cantata

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: a

text: cappella

text: forms

text: century

text: a

text: cappella

text: polyphony

text: nonetheless

text: continued

text: to

text: influence

text: church

text: composers

text: throughout

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Recent

text: evidence

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: pieces

text: by

text: Palestrina

text: such

text: as

text: what

text: was

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: organ

text: doubling

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: voices

text: Such

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Palestrina

text: becoming

text: a

text: major

text: influence

text: on

text: Bach

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: Mass

text: in

text: B

text: Minor

text: Other

text: composers

text: that

text: utilized

text: the

text: a

text: cappella

text: style

text: if

text: only

text: for

text: the

text: occasional

text: piece

text: were

text: Claudio

text: Monteverdi

text: and

text: his

text: masterpiece

text: Lagrime

text: d'amante

text: al

text: sepolcro

text: dell'amata

text: A

text: lover

text: 's

text: tears

text: at

text: his

text: beloved

text: 's

text: grave

text: which

text: was

text: composed

text: in

text: and

text: Andrea

text: Gabrieli

text: when

text: upon

text: his

text: death

text: it

text: was

text: discovered

text: many

text: choral

text: pieces

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: unaccompanied

text: style

text: Learning

text: from

text: the

text: preceding

text: two

text: composeres

text: Heinrich

text: Schütz

text: utilized

text: the

text: a

text: cappella

text: style

text: in

text: numerous

text: pieces

text: chief

text: among

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: pieces

text: in

text: the

text: oratorio

text: style

text: which

text: were

text: traditionally

text: performed

text: during

text: the

text: Easter

text: week

text: and

text: dealt

text: with

text: the

text: religious

text: subject

text: matter

text: of

text: that

text: week

text: such

text: as

text: Christ

text: 's

text: suffering

text: and

text: the

text: Passion

text: Five

text: of

text: Schutz

text: 's

text: Historien

text: were

text: Easter

text: pieces

text: and

text: of

text: these

text: the

text: latter

text: three

text: which

text: dealt

text: with

text: the

text: passion

text: from

text: three

text: different

text: viewpoints

text: those

text: of

text: Matthew

text: Luke

text: and

text: John

text: were

text: all

text: done

text: a

text: cappella

text: style

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: near

text: requirement

text: for

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: piece

text: and

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: crowd

text: were

text: sung

text: while

text: the

text: solo

text: parts

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: quoted

text: parts

text: from

text: either

text: Christ

text: or

text: the

text: authors

text: were

text: performed

text: in

text: a

text: plainchant

question: Who was a known composer of A cappella music in the 15th century?

answer: Josquin des Prez

text: Josquin des Prez

question: Bach was influenced by a popular A cappella composer heavily for what composition?

answer: Mass in B Minor

text: Mass in B Minor

question: How many of Schutz's Easter pieces were in the A cappella style?

answer: three

text: three

question: Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata's well known A cappella composition was written in what year?

answer: 1610

question: Some compositions were found after which composer's death?

answer: Andrea Gabrieli

text: Andrea Gabrieli


text: The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: is

text: often

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: low

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: drafted

text: personnel

text: the

text: unpopularity

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: American

text: public

text: and

text: frustrating

text: restrictions

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: military

text: by

text: American

text: political

text: leaders

text: While

text: American

text: forces

text: had

text: been

text: stationed

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: since

text: in

text: intelligence

text: advising

text: training

text: roles

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: deploy

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Tonkin

text: Incident

text: American

text: forces

text: effectively

text: established

text: and

text: maintained

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: battlefield

text: however

text: they

text: struggled

text: to

text: counter

text: the

text: guerrilla

text: hit

text: and

text: run

text: tactics

text: of

text: the

text: communist

text: Viet

text: Cong

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Vietnamese

text: Army

text: On

text: a

text: tactical

text: level

text: American

text: soldiers

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: did

text: not

text: lose

text: a

text: sizable

text: battle

question: What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?

answer: 1959

question: What caused American forces to deploy in large number in 1965?

answer: Gulf of Tonkin Incident

text: Gulf of Tonkin Incident

question: What political structure did Vietnam have?

answer: communist

text: communist


text: In 2014, Turkey was ordered by the European Court of Human Rights to pay well over $100m in compensation to Cyprus for the invasion; Ankara announced that it would ignore the judgment. In 2014, a group of Cypriot refugees and a European parliamentarian, later joined by the Cypriot government, filed a complaint to the International Court of Justice, accusing Turkey of violating the Geneva Conventions by directly or indirectly transferring its civilian population into occupied territory. Over the preceding ten years, civilian transfer by Turkey had "reached new heights", in the words of one US ambassador.[f] Other violations of the Geneva and the Hague Conventions—both ratified by Turkey—amount to what archaeologist Sophocles Hadjisavvas called "the organized destruction of Greek and Christian heritage in the north". These violations include looting of cultural treasures, deliberate destruction of churches, neglect of works of art, and altering the names of important historical sites, which was condemned by the International Council on Monuments and Sites. Hadjisavvas has asserted that these actions are motivated by a Turkish policy of erasing the Greek presence in Northern Cyprus within a framework of ethnic cleansing, as well as by greed and profit-seeking on the part of the individuals involved.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: In

text: Turkey

text: was

text: ordered

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Court

text: of

text: Human

text: Rights

text: to

text: pay

text: well

text: over

text: m

text: in

text: compensation

text: to

text: Cyprus

text: for

text: the

text: invasion

text: Ankara

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: ignore

text: the

text: judgment

text: In

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Cypriot

text: refugees

text: and

text: a

text: European

text: parliamentarian

text: later

text: joined

text: by

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: government

text: filed

text: a

text: complaint

text: to

text: the

text: International

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: accusing

text: Turkey

text: of

text: violating

text: the

text: Geneva

text: Conventions

text: by

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: transferring

text: its

text: civilian

text: population

text: into

text: occupied

text: territory

text: Over

text: the

text: preceding

text: ten

text: years

text: civilian

text: transfer

text: by

text: Turkey

text: had

text: reached

text: new

text: heights

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: one

text: US

text: ambassador.[f

text: Other

text: violations

text: of

text: the

text: Geneva

text: and

text: the

text: Hague

text: Conventions

text: both

text: ratified

text: by

text: Turkey

text: amount

text: to

text: what

text: archaeologist

text: Sophocles

text: Hadjisavvas

text: called

text: the

text: organized

text: destruction

text: of

text: Greek

text: and

text: Christian

text: heritage

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: These

text: violations

text: include

text: looting

text: of

text: cultural

text: treasures

text: deliberate

text: destruction

text: of

text: churches

text: neglect

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: altering

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: important

text: historical

text: sites

text: which

text: was

text: condemned

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Council

text: on

text: Monuments

text: and

text: Sites

text: Hadjisavvas

text: has

text: asserted

text: that

text: these

text: actions

text: are

text: motivated

text: by

text: a

text: Turkish

text: policy

text: of

text: erasing

text: the

text: Greek

text: presence

text: in

text: Northern

text: Cyprus

text: within

text: a

text: framework

text: of

text: ethnic

text: cleansing

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: by

text: greed

text: and

text: profit

text: seeking

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: individuals

text: involved

question: How much was Turkey ordered to pay in compensation to Cyprus?

answer: over $100m

text: over $100m

question: Who was accused of violating the Geneva Conventions?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey

question: What year was Turkey ordered to pay fines to Cyprus?

answer: 2014

question: Why was Turkey accused of violating the Geneva Conventions?

answer: directly or indirectly transferring its civilian population into occupied territory

text: directly or indirectly transferring its civilian population into occupied territory


text: Slavic studies began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise. As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Slavic

text: studies

text: began

text: as

text: an

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: linguistic

text: and

text: philological

text: enterprise

text: As

text: early

text: as

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: were

text: recognized

text: as

text: Indo

text: European

question: What began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise?

answer: Slavic studies

text: Slavic studies

question: When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?

answer: As early as 1833

text: As early as 1833

question: What languages were recognized as Indo-European?

answer: Slavic languages

text: Slavic languages

question: In 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as what?

answer: Indo-European

text: Indo-European


text: The poets generally associated with Cubism are Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob, André Salmon and Pierre Reverdy. As American poet Kenneth Rexroth explains, Cubism in poetry "is the conscious, deliberate dissociation and recombination of elements into a new artistic entity made self-sufficient by its rigorous architecture. This is quite different from the free association of the Surrealists and the combination of unconscious utterance and political nihilism of Dada." Nonetheless, the Cubist poets' influence on both Cubism and the later movements of Dada and Surrealism was profound; Louis Aragon, founding member of Surrealism, said that for Breton, Soupault, Éluard and himself, Reverdy was "our immediate elder, the exemplary poet." Though not as well remembered as the Cubist painters, these poets continue to influence and inspire; American poets John Ashbery and Ron Padgett have recently produced new translations of Reverdy's work. Wallace Stevens' "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" is also said to demonstrate how cubism's multiple perspectives can be translated into poetry.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: poets

text: generally

text: associated

text: with

text: Cubism

text: are

text: Guillaume

text: Apollinaire

text: Blaise

text: Cendrars

text: Jean

text: Cocteau

text: Max

text: Jacob

text: André

text: Salmon

text: and

text: Pierre

text: Reverdy

text: As

text: American

text: poet

text: Kenneth

text: Rexroth

text: explains

text: Cubism

text: in

text: poetry

text: is

text: the

text: conscious

text: deliberate

text: dissociation

text: and

text: recombination

text: of

text: elements

text: into

text: a

text: new

text: artistic

text: entity

text: made

text: self

text: sufficient

text: by

text: its

text: rigorous

text: architecture

text: This

text: is

text: quite

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: free

text: association

text: of

text: the

text: Surrealists

text: and

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: unconscious

text: utterance

text: and

text: political

text: nihilism

text: of

text: Dada

text: Nonetheless

text: the

text: Cubist

text: poets

text: influence

text: on

text: both

text: Cubism

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: movements

text: of

text: Dada

text: and

text: Surrealism

text: was

text: profound

text: Louis

text: Aragon

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: Surrealism

text: said

text: that

text: for

text: Breton

text: Soupault

text: Éluard

text: and

text: himself

text: Reverdy

text: was

text: our

text: immediate

text: elder

text: the

text: exemplary

text: poet

text: Though

text: not

text: as

text: well

text: remembered

text: as

text: the

text: Cubist

text: painters

text: these

text: poets

text: continue

text: to

text: influence

text: and

text: inspire

text: American

text: poets

text: John

text: Ashbery

text: and

text: Ron

text: Padgett

text: have

text: recently

text: produced

text: new

text: translations

text: of

text: Reverdy

text: 's

text: work

text: Wallace

text: Stevens

text: Thirteen

text: Ways

text: of

text: Looking

text: at

text: a

text: Blackbird

text: is

text: also

text: said

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: how

text: cubism

text: 's

text: multiple

text: perspectives

text: can

text: be

text: translated

text: into

text: poetry

question: Which poets are closely alligned with Cubism?

answer: Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob, André Salmon and Pierre Reverdy

text: Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob, André Salmon and Pierre Reverdy

question: What is the name of the american Poet who is associated with talking about the rigiorous architecture of Cubism?

answer: Kenneth Rexroth

text: Kenneth Rexroth

question: Which two American poets have recently created new traslations of Reverdy's work?

answer: John Ashbery and Ron Padgett

text: John Ashbery and Ron Padgett

question: What is the name of Wallace Steven's work that explains how cubism can be translated into poetry?

answer: Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird

text: Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird


text: It's likely[weasel words] that alb ("white") and albus have common origins deriving from the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: It

text: 's

text: likely[weasel

text: words

text: that

text: alb

text: white

text: and

text: albus

text: have

text: common

text: origins

text: deriving

text: from

text: the

text: association

text: of

text: the

text: tops

text: of

text: tall

text: mountains

text: or

text: steep

text: hills

text: with

text: snow

question: What words are likely to have common origins?

answer: alb ("white") and albus

text: alb ("white") and albus

question: Where do Alb and Albus share their origin from?

answer: the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.

text: the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.

question: Alb can also mean what?

answer: white

text: white


text: Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: nationalization

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: his

text: emergence

text: as

text: the

text: political

text: victor

text: from

text: the

text: subsequent

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: substantially

text: elevated

text: his

text: popularity

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: Calls

text: for

text: pan

text: Arab

text: unity

text: under

text: his

text: leadership

text: increased

text: culminating

text: with

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: with

text: Syria

text: In

text: Nasser

text: began

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: major

text: socialist

text: measures

text: and

text: modernization

text: reforms

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Despite

text: setbacks

text: to

text: his

text: pan

text: Arabist

text: cause

text: by

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: supporters

text: gained

text: power

text: in

text: several

text: Arab

text: countries

text: and

text: he

text: became

text: embroiled

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Yemen

text: Civil

text: War

text: He

text: began

text: his

text: second

text: presidential

text: term

text: in

text: March

text: after

text: his

text: political

text: opponents

text: were

text: banned

text: from

text: running

text: Following

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: defeat

text: by

text: Israel

text: in

text: the

text: Six

text: Day

text: War

text: Nasser

text: resigned

text: but

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: office

text: after

text: popular

text: demonstrations

text: called

text: for

text: his

text: reinstatement

text: By

text: Nasser

text: had

text: appointed

text: himself

text: prime

text: minister

text: launched

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: Attrition

text: to

text: regain

text: lost

text: territory

text: began

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: depoliticizing

text: the

text: military

text: and

text: issued

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: political

text: liberalization

text: reforms

text: After

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: League

text: summit

text: Nasser

text: suffered

text: a

text: heart

text: attack

text: and

text: died

text: His

text: funeral

text: in

text: Cairo

text: drew

text: five

text: million

text: mourners

text: and

text: an

text: outpouring

text: of

text: grief

text: across

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

question: How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral?

answer: five million

text: five million

question: What landmark water route did Nasser nationalize?

answer: Suez Canal

text: Suez Canal

question: What organization did Nasser create with Syria?

answer: United Arab Republic

text: United Arab Republic

question: What civil war did Nasser become entangled in?

answer: North Yemen Civil War

text: North Yemen Civil War

question: In what year did Nasser start his second term as President?

answer: 1965


text: The Atlantic coast of the United States is low, with minor exceptions. The Appalachian Highland owes its oblique northeast-southwest trend to crustal deformations which in very early geological time gave a beginning to what later came to be the Appalachian mountain system. This system had its climax of deformation so long ago (probably in Permian time) that it has since then been very generally reduced to moderate or low relief. It owes its present-day altitude either to renewed elevations along the earlier lines or to the survival of the most resistant rocks as residual mountains. The oblique trend of this coast would be even more pronounced but for a comparatively modern crustal movement, causing a depression in the northeast resulting in an encroachment of the sea upon the land. Additionally, the southeastern section has undergone an elevation resulting in the advance of the land upon the sea.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: low

text: with

text: minor

text: exceptions

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Highland

text: owes

text: its

text: oblique

text: northeast

text: southwest

text: trend

text: to

text: crustal

text: deformations

text: which

text: in

text: very

text: early

text: geological

text: time

text: gave

text: a

text: beginning

text: to

text: what

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: mountain

text: system

text: This

text: system

text: had

text: its

text: climax

text: of

text: deformation

text: so

text: long

text: ago

text: probably

text: in

text: Permian

text: time

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: since

text: then

text: been

text: very

text: generally

text: reduced

text: to

text: moderate

text: or

text: low

text: relief

text: It

text: owes

text: its

text: present

text: day

text: altitude

text: either

text: to

text: renewed

text: elevations

text: along

text: the

text: earlier

text: lines

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: resistant

text: rocks

text: as

text: residual

text: mountains

text: The

text: oblique

text: trend

text: of

text: this

text: coast

text: would

text: be

text: even

text: more

text: pronounced

text: but

text: for

text: a

text: comparatively

text: modern

text: crustal

text: movement

text: causing

text: a

text: depression

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: resulting

text: in

text: an

text: encroachment

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: upon

text: the

text: land

text: Additionally

text: the

text: southeastern

text: section

text: has

text: undergone

text: an

text: elevation

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: upon

text: the

text: sea

question: Why does the Appalachian Highland have the terrain it does?

answer: crustal deformations

text: crustal deformations

question: During what geological period did the Appalachian mountains reach their highest formation point?

answer: Permian time

text: Permian time

question: What is the name of the mountaneous region along the Atlantic cost.

answer: The Appalachian Highland

text: The Appalachian Highland


text: The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: The

text: coup

text: completed

text: the

text: RCC

text: proceeded

text: with

text: their

text: intentions

text: of

text: consolidating

text: the

text: revolutionary

text: government

text: and

text: modernizing

text: the

text: country

text: They

text: purged

text: monarchists

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: Idris

text: Senussi

text: clan

text: from

text: Libya

text: 's

text: political

text: world

text: and

text: armed

text: forces

text: Gaddafi

text: believed

text: this

text: elite

text: were

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: Libyan

text: people

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: expunged

text: People

text: 's

text: Courts

text: were

text: founded

text: to

text: try

text: various

text: monarchist

text: politicians

text: and

text: journalists

text: and

text: though

text: many

text: were

text: imprisoned

text: were

text: executed

text: Idris

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: execution

text: in

text: absentia

question: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?

answer: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces

text: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces

question: What happened to Idris?

answer: Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

text: Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

question: How did Gaddafi view the elite?

answer: Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged.

text: Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged.

question: What happened to the monarchists and and journalists?

answer: "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.

text: "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.

question: What clan was King Idris part of?

answer: Senussi

text: Senussi

question: How many people were executed by the People's Courts?

answer: none

question: What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?

answer: execution

text: execution

question: Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military?

answer: monarchists

text: monarchists

question: Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts?

answer: monarchist politicians

text: monarchist politicians


text: Much of the scientific research in the city is done in medicine and the life sciences. New York City has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, with 127 Nobel laureates having roots in local institutions as of 2004; while in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City. Major biomedical research institutions include Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and Weill Cornell Medical College, being joined by the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology venture on Roosevelt Island.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: done

text: in

text: medicine

text: and

text: the

text: life

text: sciences

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: has

text: the

text: most

text: post

text: graduate

text: life

text: sciences

text: degrees

text: awarded

text: annually

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: Nobel

text: laureates

text: having

text: roots

text: in

text: local

text: institutions

text: as

text: of

text: while

text: in

text: licensed

text: physicians

text: were

text: practicing

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Major

text: biomedical

text: research

text: institutions

text: include

text: Memorial

text: Sloan

text: Kettering

text: Cancer

text: Center

text: Rockefeller

text: University

text: SUNY

text: Downstate

text: Medical

text: Center

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: College

text: of

text: Medicine

text: Mount

text: Sinai

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: and

text: Weill

text: Cornell

text: Medical

text: College

text: being

text: joined

text: by

text: the

text: Cornell

text: University

text: Technion

text: Israel

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: venture

text: on

text: Roosevelt

text: Island

question: As of 2012, how many physicians were working in New York City?

answer: 43,523

question: Where is the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located?

answer: Roosevelt Island

text: Roosevelt Island

question: As of 2004, how many Nobel Prize winners had roots in New York institutions?

answer: 127


text: The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: kinship

text: and

text: social

text: organization

text: is

text: a

text: central

text: focus

text: of

text: sociocultural

text: anthropology

text: as

text: kinship

text: is

text: a

text: human

text: universal

text: Sociocultural

text: anthropology

text: also

text: covers

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: organization

text: law

text: and

text: conflict

text: resolution

text: patterns

text: of

text: consumption

text: and

text: exchange

text: material

text: culture

text: technology

text: infrastructure

text: gender

text: relations

text: ethnicity

text: childrearing

text: and

text: socialization

text: religion

text: myth

text: symbols

text: values

text: etiquette

text: worldview

text: sports

text: music

text: nutrition

text: recreation

text: games

text: food

text: festivals

text: and

text: language

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: object

text: of

text: study

text: in

text: linguistic

text: anthropology

question: Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of?

answer: Sociocultural

text: Sociocultural

question: What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about?

answer: consumption and exchange

text: consumption and exchange

question: What is a human universal?

answer: kinship

text: kinship

question: What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology?

answer: language

text: language

question: Why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in?

answer: resolution

text: resolution


text: On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing civilian refugees on roads and carrying out a bombing campaign. The Soviet Union assisted German air forces by allowing them to use signals broadcast by the Soviet radio station at Minsk allegedly "for urgent aeronautical experiments".

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: On

text: September

text: Germany

text: invaded

text: Poland

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: Within

text: the

text: first

text: few

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: invasion

text: Germany

text: began

text: conducting

text: massacres

text: of

text: Polish

text: and

text: Jewish

text: civilians

text: and

text: POWs

text: These

text: executions

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: over

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: month

text: of

text: German

text: occupation

text: The

text: Luftwaffe

text: also

text: took

text: part

text: by

text: strafing

text: fleeing

text: civilian

text: refugees

text: on

text: roads

text: and

text: carrying

text: out

text: a

text: bombing

text: campaign

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: assisted

text: German

text: air

text: forces

text: by

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: use

text: signals

text: broadcast

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: radio

text: station

text: at

text: Minsk

text: allegedly

text: for

text: urgent

text: aeronautical

text: experiments

question: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?

answer: signals broadcast by the Soviet radio

text: signals broadcast by the Soviet radio

question: What day did German invade Poland?

answer: 1 September

text: 1 September

question: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians?

answer: month

text: month


text: Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co-operation will include sharing of national infrastructures for training purposes and specialisation of training areas (BALTTRAIN) and collective formation of battalion-sized contingents for use in the NATO rapid-response force. In January 2011 the Baltic states were invited to join NORDEFCO, the defence framework of the Nordic countries.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Estonia

text: co

text: operates

text: with

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: in

text: several

text: trilateral

text: Baltic

text: defence

text: co

text: operation

text: initiatives

text: including

text: Baltic

text: Battalion

text: BALTBAT

text: Baltic

text: Naval

text: Squadron

text: BALTRON

text: Baltic

text: Air

text: Surveillance

text: Network

text: BALTNET

text: and

text: joint

text: military

text: educational

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Defence

text: College

text: in

text: Tartu

text: Future

text: co

text: operation

text: will

text: include

text: sharing

text: of

text: national

text: infrastructures

text: for

text: training

text: purposes

text: and

text: specialisation

text: of

text: training

text: areas

text: BALTTRAIN

text: and

text: collective

text: formation

text: of

text: battalion

text: sized

text: contingents

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: NATO

text: rapid

text: response

text: force

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: Baltic

text: states

text: were

text: invited

text: to

text: join

text: NORDEFCO

text: the

text: defence

text: framework

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

question: Which countries aid Estonia in trilateral defense strategies?

answer: Latvia and Lithuania

text: Latvia and Lithuania

question: What joint military educational academy does Estonia share with Baltic Countries?

answer: the Baltic Defence College

text: the Baltic Defence College

question: Where is the Baltic Defence College located?

answer: Tartu

text: Tartu

question: When were the Baltic states asked to join NORDEFCO?

answer: January 2011

text: January 2011


text: In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first significant demographic change since antiquity took place with the formation of a Muslim community. Soldiers who fought in the conquest settled on the island and Turkish peasants and craftsmen were brought to the island from Anatolia. This new community also included banished Anatolian tribes, "undesirable" persons and members of various "troublesome" Muslim sects, as well as a number of new converts on the island.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: In

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: Ottoman

text: assault

text: with

text: troops

text: brought

text: the

text: island

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: control

text: despite

text: stiff

text: resistance

text: by

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Nicosia

text: and

text: Famagusta

text: Ottoman

text: forces

text: capturing

text: Cyprus

text: massacred

text: many

text: Greek

text: and

text: Armenian

text: Christian

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: previous

text: Latin

text: elite

text: were

text: destroyed

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: significant

text: demographic

text: change

text: since

text: antiquity

text: took

text: place

text: with

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: Muslim

text: community

text: Soldiers

text: who

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: conquest

text: settled

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: Turkish

text: peasants

text: and

text: craftsmen

text: were

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: from

text: Anatolia

text: This

text: new

text: community

text: also

text: included

text: banished

text: Anatolian

text: tribes

text: undesirable

text: persons

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: various

text: troublesome

text: Muslim

text: sects

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: converts

text: on

text: the

text: island

question: In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault?

answer: 1570

question: Ottoman forces massacred which types of people?

answer: Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants

text: Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants

question: Turkish peasants and craftsman were brought to the island from where?

answer: Anatolia

text: Anatolia


text: In 2004, the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery (Room 128) at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions, this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK. The adjacent Architecture Exhibition Space (Room 128a) is used for temporary displays related to architecture. Both spaces were designed by Gareth Hoskins Architects. At the same time the RIBA Library Drawing and Archives Collections moved from 21 Portman Place to new facilities in the Henry Cole Wing at the V&A. Under the Partnership new study rooms were opened where members of the public could view items from the RIBA and V&A architectural collections under the supervision of curatorial staff. These and the nearby education room were designed by Wright & Wright Architects.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: In

text: the

text: two

text: institutions

text: created

text: the

text: Architecture

text: Gallery

text: Room

text: at

text: the

text: V&A

text: showing

text: artefacts

text: from

text: the

text: collections

text: of

text: both

text: institutions

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: permanent

text: gallery

text: devoted

text: to

text: architecture

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: The

text: adjacent

text: Architecture

text: Exhibition

text: Space

text: Room

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: temporary

text: displays

text: related

text: to

text: architecture

text: Both

text: spaces

text: were

text: designed

text: by

text: Gareth

text: Hoskins

text: Architects

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: RIBA

text: Library

text: Drawing

text: and

text: Archives

text: Collections

text: moved

text: from

text: Portman

text: Place

text: to

text: new

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: Henry

text: Cole

text: Wing

text: at

text: the

text: V&A.

text: Under

text: the

text: Partnership

text: new

text: study

text: rooms

text: were

text: opened

text: where

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: could

text: view

text: items

text: from

text: the

text: RIBA

text: and

text: V&A

text: architectural

text: collections

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: curatorial

text: staff

text: These

text: and

text: the

text: nearby

text: education

text: room

text: were

text: designed

text: by

text: Wright

text: Wright

text: Architects

question: In what space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery located?

answer: Room 128

text: Room 128

question: What is found at Room 128a of the Victoria & Albert Museum?

answer: Architecture Exhibition Space

text: Architecture Exhibition Space

question: Who designed rooms 128 and 128a at the V&A Museum?

answer: Gareth Hoskins Architects

text: Gareth Hoskins Architects

question: Where was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives Collections located originally?

answer: 21 Portman Place

text: 21 Portman Place

question: What part of the V&A was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives collection moved to?

answer: the Henry Cole Wing

text: the Henry Cole Wing


text: Feynman devoted the latter half of his book What Do You Care What Other People Think? to his experience on the Rogers Commission, straying from his usual convention of brief, light-hearted anecdotes to deliver an extended and sober narrative. Feynman's account reveals a disconnect between NASA's engineers and executives that was far more striking than he expected. His interviews of NASA's high-ranking managers revealed startling misunderstandings of elementary concepts. For instance, NASA managers claimed that there was a 1 in 100,000 chance of a catastrophic failure aboard the shuttle, but Feynman discovered that NASA's own engineers estimated the chance of a catastrophe at closer to 1 in 200. He concluded that the space shuttle reliability estimate by NASA management was fantastically unrealistic, and he was particularly angered that NASA used these figures to recruit Christa McAuliffe into the Teacher-in-Space program. He warned in his appendix to the commission's report (which was included only after he threatened not to sign the report), "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled."

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: Feynman

text: devoted

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: his

text: book

text: What

text: Do

text: You

text: Care

text: What

text: Other

text: People

text: Think

text: to

text: his

text: experience

text: on

text: the

text: Rogers

text: Commission

text: straying

text: from

text: his

text: usual

text: convention

text: of

text: brief

text: light

text: hearted

text: anecdotes

text: to

text: deliver

text: an

text: extended

text: and

text: sober

text: narrative

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: account

text: reveals

text: a

text: disconnect

text: between

text: NASA

text: 's

text: engineers

text: and

text: executives

text: that

text: was

text: far

text: more

text: striking

text: than

text: he

text: expected

text: His

text: interviews

text: of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: high

text: ranking

text: managers

text: revealed

text: startling

text: misunderstandings

text: of

text: elementary

text: concepts

text: For

text: instance

text: NASA

text: managers

text: claimed

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: in

text: chance

text: of

text: a

text: catastrophic

text: failure

text: aboard

text: the

text: shuttle

text: but

text: Feynman

text: discovered

text: that

text: NASA

text: 's

text: own

text: engineers

text: estimated

text: the

text: chance

text: of

text: a

text: catastrophe

text: at

text: closer

text: to

text: in

text: He

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: space

text: shuttle

text: reliability

text: estimate

text: by

text: NASA

text: management

text: was

text: fantastically

text: unrealistic

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: particularly

text: angered

text: that

text: NASA

text: used

text: these

text: figures

text: to

text: recruit

text: Christa

text: McAuliffe

text: into

text: the

text: Teacher

text: in

text: Space

text: program

text: He

text: warned

text: in

text: his

text: appendix

text: to

text: the

text: commission

text: 's

text: report

text: which

text: was

text: included

text: only

text: after

text: he

text: threatened

text: not

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: report

text: For

text: a

text: successful

text: technology

text: reality

text: must

text: take

text: precedence

text: over

text: public

text: relations

text: for

text: nature

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: fooled

question: In which way did he write about his experience on the Rogers Commission?

answer: sober narrative

text: sober narrative

question: Feyman's experience on the Rogers Commission was talked about is which of his books?

answer: What Do You Care What Other People Think?

text: What Do You Care What Other People Think?

question: While the higher-ups said a failure was unlikely, at 1 in 100,000 odds, the scientists felt the odd were what?

answer: 1 in 200

text: 1 in 200

question: His writings about the Rogers Commission showed that trouble was brewing between scientists and executives at which prolific institute?

answer: NASA

text: NASA

question: Who did NASA recruit by using flawed safety numbers?

answer: Christa McAuliffe

text: Christa McAuliffe


text: Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet.[note 5] Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible. Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. Some failed predictions had been presented as "beyond doubt" or "approved by God".

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: publications

text: have

text: claimed

text: that

text: God

text: has

text: used

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: and

text: formerly

text: the

text: International

text: Bible

text: Students

text: to

text: declare

text: his

text: will

text: and

text: has

text: provided

text: advance

text: knowledge

text: about

text: Armageddon

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: kingdom

text: Some

text: publications

text: also

text: claimed

text: that

text: God

text: has

text: used

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Bible

text: Students

text: as

text: a

text: modern

text: day

text: prophet.[note

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: publications

text: have

text: made

text: various

text: predictions

text: about

text: world

text: events

text: they

text: believe

text: were

text: prophesied

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: Failed

text: predictions

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: alteration

text: or

text: abandonment

text: of

text: some

text: doctrines

text: Some

text: failed

text: predictions

text: had

text: been

text: presented

text: as

text: beyond

text: doubt

text: or

text: approved

text: by

text: God

question: Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used?

answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What have various Jehovah's Witnesses' publications made predictions about?

answer: world events

text: world events

question: What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for?

answer: to declare his will

text: to declare his will

question: What has God provided to Jehovah's Witnesses?

answer: advance knowledge about Armageddon

text: advance knowledge about Armageddon

question: What had some of the failed predictions of Jehovah's Witnesses been presented as?

answer: "beyond doubt"

text: "beyond doubt"


text: Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya. Novice-monks use the ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Vinaya

text: is

text: the

text: specific

text: moral

text: code

text: for

text: monks

text: and

text: nuns

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: Patimokkha

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: for

text: monks

text: in

text: the

text: Theravadin

text: recension

text: The

text: precise

text: content

text: of

text: the

text: vinayapitaka

text: scriptures

text: on

text: Vinaya

text: differs

text: slightly

text: according

text: to

text: different

text: schools

text: and

text: different

text: schools

text: or

text: subschools

text: set

text: different

text: standards

text: for

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: adherence

text: to

text: Vinaya

text: Novice

text: monks

text: use

text: the

text: ten

text: precepts

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: basic

text: precepts

text: for

text: monastics

question: How many basic precepts are there for monastics?

answer: the ten precepts

text: the ten precepts

question: What is the specific moral code for monks and nuns?

answer: vinaya

text: vinaya

question: How many rules dows the patimokkha have?

answer: 227

question: What are the scriptures on vinaya called?

answer: vinayapitaka

text: vinayapitaka


text: Korea was considered to be part of the Empire of Japan as an industrialized colony along with Taiwan, and both were part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In 1937, the colonial Governor-General, General Jirō Minami, commanded the attempted cultural assimilation of Korea's 23.5 million people by banning the use and study of Korean language, literature, and culture, to be replaced with that of mandatory use and study of their Japanese counterparts. Starting in 1939, the populace was required to use Japanese names under the Sōshi-kaimei policy. Conscription of Koreans for labor in war industries began in 1939, with as many as 2 million Koreans conscripted into either the Japanese Army or into the Japanese labor force.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Korea

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: as

text: an

text: industrialized

text: colony

text: along

text: with

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: both

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: East

text: Asia

text: Co

text: Prosperity

text: Sphere

text: In

text: the

text: colonial

text: Governor

text: General

text: General

text: Jirō

text: Minami

text: commanded

text: the

text: attempted

text: cultural

text: assimilation

text: of

text: Korea

text: 's

text: million

text: people

text: by

text: banning

text: the

text: use

text: and

text: study

text: of

text: Korean

text: language

text: literature

text: and

text: culture

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: mandatory

text: use

text: and

text: study

text: of

text: their

text: Japanese

text: counterparts

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: populace

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: use

text: Japanese

text: names

text: under

text: the

text: Sōshi

text: kaimei

text: policy

text: Conscription

text: of

text: Koreans

text: for

text: labor

text: in

text: war

text: industries

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: million

text: Koreans

text: conscripted

text: into

text: either

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: or

text: into

text: the

text: Japanese

text: labor

text: force

question: Along with Taiwan, what empire was Korea considered to be apart of?

answer: Empire of Japan

text: Empire of Japan

question: Who was the colonial Governor-General that mandated cultural assimilation of Korea's people?

answer: General Jirō Minami

text: General Jirō Minami

question: What language were the Korean people forced to learn?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: What policy forced Koreans to change their names to Japanese names?

answer: Sōshi-kaimei policy

text: Sōshi-kaimei policy

question: In 1939, what caused nearly 2 million Koreans to be forced into the labor force or the army?

answer: Conscription

text: Conscription


text: Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religion' is not defined in the Constitution. We must go elsewhere, therefore, to ascertain its meaning, and nowhere more appropriately, we think, than to the history of the times in the midst of which the provision was adopted." The court found that the leaders in advocating and formulating the constitutional guarantee of religious liberty were James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. Quoting the "separation" paragraph from Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists, the court concluded that, "coming as this does from an acknowledged leader of the advocates of the measure, it may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the amendment thus secured."

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: first

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: Establishment

text: Clause

text: jurisprudence

text: in

text: Reynolds

text: v.

text: U.S.

text: U.S.

text: In

text: that

text: case

text: the

text: court

text: examined

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: religious

text: liberty

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: determining

text: that

text: while

text: the

text: constitution

text: guarantees

text: religious

text: freedom

text: The

text: word

text: religion

text: is

text: not

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: We

text: must

text: go

text: elsewhere

text: therefore

text: to

text: ascertain

text: its

text: meaning

text: and

text: nowhere

text: more

text: appropriately

text: we

text: think

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: midst

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: provision

text: was

text: adopted

text: The

text: court

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: leaders

text: in

text: advocating

text: and

text: formulating

text: the

text: constitutional

text: guarantee

text: of

text: religious

text: liberty

text: were

text: James

text: Madison

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: Quoting

text: the

text: separation

text: paragraph

text: from

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: Danbury

text: Baptists

text: the

text: court

text: concluded

text: that

text: coming

text: as

text: this

text: does

text: from

text: an

text: acknowledged

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: advocates

text: of

text: the

text: measure

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: accepted

text: almost

text: as

text: an

text: authoritative

text: declaration

text: of

text: the

text: scope

text: and

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: amendment

text: thus

text: secured

question: What did Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" became part of what jurisprudence?

answer: Establishment Clause

text: Establishment Clause

question: What case was Jefferson's concept apropos to?

answer: Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145

text: Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145

question: What does the constitution guarantee when it comes to religion?

answer: freedom

text: freedom

question: What word is not defined in the Constitution?

answer: religion

text: religion

question: Who had Jefferson's letter been sent to?

answer: the Danbury Baptists

text: the Danbury Baptists