text: The most persistent theme throughout his films is tension in parent-child relationships. Parents (often fathers) are reluctant, absent or ignorant. Peter Banning in Hook starts off in the beginning of the film as a reluctant married-to-his-work parent who through the course of the film regains the respect of his children. The notable absence of Elliott's father in E.T., is the most famous example of this theme. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, it is revealed that Indy has always had a very strained relationship with his father, who is a professor of medieval literature, as his father always seemed more interested in his work, specifically in his studies of the Holy Grail, than in his own son, although his father does not seem to realize or understand the negative effect that his aloof nature had on Indy (he even believes he was a good father in the sense that he taught his son "self reliance," which is not how Indy saw it). Even Oskar Schindler, from Schindler's List, is reluctant to have a child with his wife. Munich depicts Avner as a man away from his wife and newborn daughter. There are of course exceptions; Brody in Jaws is a committed family man, while John Anderton in Minority Report is a shattered man after the disappearance of his son. This theme is arguably the most autobiographical aspect of Spielberg's films, since Spielberg himself was affected by his parents' divorce as a child and by the absence of his father. Furthermore, to this theme, protagonists in his films often come from families with divorced parents, most notably E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (protagonist Elliot's mother is divorced) and Catch Me If You Can (Frank Abagnale's mother and father split early on in the film). Little known also is Tim in Jurassic Park (early in the film, another secondary character mentions Tim and Lex's parents' divorce). The family often shown divided is often resolved in the ending as well. Following this theme of reluctant fathers and father figures, Tim looks to Dr. Alan Grant as a father figure. Initially, Dr. Grant is reluctant to return those paternal feelings to Tim. However, by the end of the film, he has changed, and the kids even fall asleep with their heads on his shoulders.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: The

text: most

text: persistent

text: theme

text: throughout

text: his

text: films

text: is

text: tension

text: in

text: parent

text: child

text: relationships

text: Parents

text: often

text: fathers

text: are

text: reluctant

text: absent

text: or

text: ignorant

text: Peter

text: Banning

text: in

text: Hook

text: starts

text: off

text: in

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: as

text: a

text: reluctant

text: married

text: to

text: his

text: work

text: parent

text: who

text: through

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: regains

text: the

text: respect

text: of

text: his

text: children

text: The

text: notable

text: absence

text: of

text: Elliott

text: 's

text: father

text: in

text: E.T.

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: theme

text: In

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Last

text: Crusade

text: it

text: is

text: revealed

text: that

text: Indy

text: has

text: always

text: had

text: a

text: very

text: strained

text: relationship

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: professor

text: of

text: medieval

text: literature

text: as

text: his

text: father

text: always

text: seemed

text: more

text: interested

text: in

text: his

text: work

text: specifically

text: in

text: his

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Grail

text: than

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: son

text: although

text: his

text: father

text: does

text: not

text: seem

text: to

text: realize

text: or

text: understand

text: the

text: negative

text: effect

text: that

text: his

text: aloof

text: nature

text: had

text: on

text: Indy

text: he

text: even

text: believes

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: good

text: father

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: he

text: taught

text: his

text: son

text: self

text: reliance

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: how

text: Indy

text: saw

text: it

text: Even

text: Oskar

text: Schindler

text: from

text: Schindler

text: 's

text: List

text: is

text: reluctant

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: child

text: with

text: his

text: wife

text: Munich

text: depicts

text: Avner

text: as

text: a

text: man

text: away

text: from

text: his

text: wife

text: and

text: newborn

text: daughter

text: There

text: are

text: of

text: course

text: exceptions

text: Brody

text: in

text: Jaws

text: is

text: a

text: committed

text: family

text: man

text: while

text: John

text: Anderton

text: in

text: Minority

text: Report

text: is

text: a

text: shattered

text: man

text: after

text: the

text: disappearance

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: This

text: theme

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: autobiographical

text: aspect

text: of

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: films

text: since

text: Spielberg

text: himself

text: was

text: affected

text: by

text: his

text: parents

text: divorce

text: as

text: a

text: child

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Furthermore

text: to

text: this

text: theme

text: protagonists

text: in

text: his

text: films

text: often

text: come

text: from

text: families

text: with

text: divorced

text: parents

text: most

text: notably

text: E.T.

text: the

text: Extra

text: Terrestrial

text: protagonist

text: Elliot

text: 's

text: mother

text: is

text: divorced

text: and

text: Catch

text: Me

text: If

text: You

text: Can

text: Frank

text: Abagnale

text: 's

text: mother

text: and

text: father

text: split

text: early

text: on

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Little

text: known

text: also

text: is

text: Tim

text: in

text: Jurassic

text: Park

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: another

text: secondary

text: character

text: mentions

text: Tim

text: and

text: Lex

text: 's

text: parents

text: divorce

text: The

text: family

text: often

text: shown

text: divided

text: is

text: often

text: resolved

text: in

text: the

text: ending

text: as

text: well

text: Following

text: this

text: theme

text: of

text: reluctant

text: fathers

text: and

text: father

text: figures

text: Tim

text: looks

text: to

text: Dr.

text: Alan

text: Grant

text: as

text: a

text: father

text: figure

text: Initially

text: Dr.

text: Grant

text: is

text: reluctant

text: to

text: return

text: those

text: paternal

text: feelings

text: to

text: Tim

text: However

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: he

text: has

text: changed

text: and

text: the

text: kids

text: even

text: fall

text: asleep

text: with

text: their

text: heads

text: on

text: his

text: shoulders

question: What was Indy's father's career?

answer: professor of medieval literature

text: professor of medieval literature

question: What artifact did Indy's father focus on?

answer: the Holy Grail

text: the Holy Grail

question: What is Spielberg's most common theme?

answer: tension in parent-child relationships

text: tension in parent-child relationships

question: Whose son disappeared in 'Minority Report'?

answer: John Anderton

text: John Anderton

question: Whose parents divorced in 'Catch Me If You Can'?

answer: Frank Abagnale

text: Frank Abagnale


text: Matter may be converted to energy (and vice versa), but mass cannot ever be destroyed; rather, mass/energy equivalence remains a constant for both the matter and the energy, during any process when they are converted into each other. However, since  is extremely large relative to ordinary human scales, the conversion of ordinary amount of matter (for example, 1 kg) to other forms of energy (such as heat, light, and other radiation) can liberate tremendous amounts of energy (~ joules = 21 megatons of TNT), as can be seen in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Conversely, the mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule, which is why a loss of energy (loss of mass) from most systems is difficult to measure by weight, unless the energy loss is very large. Examples of energy transformation into matter (i.e., kinetic energy into particles with rest mass) are found in high-energy nuclear physics.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: Matter

text: may

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: energy

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: but

text: mass

text: can

text: not

text: ever

text: be

text: destroyed

text: rather

text: mass

text: energy

text: equivalence

text: remains

text: a

text: constant

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: matter

text: and

text: the

text: energy

text: during

text: any

text: process

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: converted

text: into

text: each

text: other

text: However

text: since

text: is

text: extremely

text: large

text: relative

text: to

text: ordinary

text: human

text: scales

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: ordinary

text: amount

text: of

text: matter

text: for

text: example

text: kg

text: to

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: energy

text: such

text: as

text: heat

text: light

text: and

text: other

text: radiation

text: can

text: liberate

text: tremendous

text: amounts

text: of

text: energy

text: joules

text: megatons

text: of

text: TNT

text: as

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: nuclear

text: reactors

text: and

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: Conversely

text: the

text: mass

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: unit

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: minuscule

text: which

text: is

text: why

text: a

text: loss

text: of

text: energy

text: loss

text: of

text: mass

text: from

text: most

text: systems

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: measure

text: by

text: weight

text: unless

text: the

text: energy

text: loss

text: is

text: very

text: large

text: Examples

text: of

text: energy

text: transformation

text: into

text: matter

text: i.e.

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: into

text: particles

text: with

text: rest

text: mass

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: high

text: energy

text: nuclear

text: physics

question: Matter may be converted to what?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: Energy may be converted to what?

answer: Matter

text: Matter

question: Why is a loss of energy difficult to measure by weight?

answer: mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule

text: mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule

question: Where are examples of energy transformation into matter found?

answer: high-energy nuclear physics

text: high-energy nuclear physics


text: Under contract from the U.S. Military, Matrox produced a combination computer/LaserDisc player for instructional purposes. The computer was a 286, the LaserDisc player only capable of reading the analog audio tracks. Together they weighed 43 lb (20 kg) and sturdy handles were provided in case two people were required to lift the unit. The computer controlled the player via a 25-pin serial port at the back of the player and a ribbon cable connected to a proprietary port on the motherboard. Many of these were sold as surplus by the military during the 1990s, often without the controller software. Nevertheless, it is possible to control the unit by removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Under

text: contract

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Military

text: Matrox

text: produced

text: a

text: combination

text: computer

text: LaserDisc

text: player

text: for

text: instructional

text: purposes

text: The

text: computer

text: was

text: a

text: the

text: LaserDisc

text: player

text: only

text: capable

text: of

text: reading

text: the

text: analog

text: audio

text: tracks

text: Together

text: they

text: weighed

text: lb

text: kg

text: and

text: sturdy

text: handles

text: were

text: provided

text: in

text: case

text: two

text: people

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: lift

text: the

text: unit

text: The

text: computer

text: controlled

text: the

text: player

text: via

text: a

text: serial

text: port

text: at

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: the

text: player

text: and

text: a

text: ribbon

text: cable

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: proprietary

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: motherboard

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: sold

text: as

text: surplus

text: by

text: the

text: military

text: during

text: the

text: often

text: without

text: the

text: controller

text: software

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: unit

text: by

text: removing

text: the

text: ribbon

text: cable

text: and

text: connecting

text: a

text: serial

text: cable

text: directly

text: from

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: serial

text: port

text: to

text: the

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: LaserDisc

text: player

question: A combination computer/LD player was comissioned by what government entity?

answer: the U.S. Military

text: the U.S. Military

question: How much did Matrox's computer/LD combo weigh?

answer: 43 lb (20 kg)

text: 43 lb (20 kg)

question: How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled?

answer: removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player

text: removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player


text: The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: The

text: endonym

text: is

text: pronounced

text: /kə.təˈɫa/

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Catalan

text: dialects

text: and

text: /ka.taˈɫa/

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: dialects

text: In

text: the

text: Valencian

text: Community

text: the

text: term

text: valencià

text: /va.len.siˈa/

text: is

text: frequently

text: used

text: instead

text: The

text: names

text: Catalan

text: and

text: Valencian

text: are

text: two

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: language

text: See

text: also

text: status

text: of

text: Valencian

text: below

question: Where is Valencia used instead of Catalan?

answer: Valencian Community

text: Valencian Community

question: What are Catalan and Valencian the names for?

answer: the same language

text: the same language

question: What affect does  different pronunciations in the two areas of Catalan speakers produce?

answer: dialects

text: dialects


text: The Greek national basketball team has a decades-long tradition of excellence in the sport, being considered among the world's top basketball powers. As of 2012, it ranked 4th in the world and 2nd in Europe. They have won the European Championship twice in 1987 and 2005, and have reached the final four in two of the last four FIBA World Championships, taking the second place in the world in 2006 FIBA World Championship, after a spectacular 101–95 win against Team USA in the tournament's semifinal. The domestic top basketball league, A1 Ethniki, is composed of fourteen teams. The most successful Greek teams are Olympiacos, Panathinaikos, Aris Thessaloniki, AEK Athens and P.A.O.K. Greek basketball teams are the most successful in European basketball the last 25 years, having won as many as 9 Euroleagues since the establishment of the modern era Euroleague Final Four format in 1988, while no other nation has won more than 4 Euroleague championships in this period. Besides the 9 Euroleagues, Greek basketball teams (Panathinaikos, Olympiacos, Aris Thessaloniki, AEK Athens, P.A.O.K, Maroussi) have won 3 Triple Crowns, 5 Saporta Cups, 2 Korać Cups and 1 FIBA Europe Champions Cup. After the 2005 European Championship triumph of the Greek national basketball team, Greece became the reigning European Champion in both football and basketball.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: national

text: basketball

text: team

text: has

text: a

text: decades

text: long

text: tradition

text: of

text: excellence

text: in

text: the

text: sport

text: being

text: considered

text: among

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: top

text: basketball

text: powers

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: in

text: Europe

text: They

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: European

text: Championship

text: twice

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: have

text: reached

text: the

text: final

text: four

text: in

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: four

text: FIBA

text: World

text: Championships

text: taking

text: the

text: second

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: FIBA

text: World

text: Championship

text: after

text: a

text: spectacular

text: win

text: against

text: Team

text: USA

text: in

text: the

text: tournament

text: 's

text: semifinal

text: The

text: domestic

text: top

text: basketball

text: league

text: Ethniki

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: fourteen

text: teams

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: Greek

text: teams

text: are

text: Olympiacos

text: Panathinaikos

text: Aris

text: Thessaloniki

text: AEK

text: Athens

text: and

text: P.A.O.K.

text: Greek

text: basketball

text: teams

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: in

text: European

text: basketball

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: having

text: won

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: Euroleagues

text: since

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: Euroleague

text: Final

text: Four

text: format

text: in

text: while

text: no

text: other

text: nation

text: has

text: won

text: more

text: than

text: Euroleague

text: championships

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: Besides

text: the

text: Euroleagues

text: Greek

text: basketball

text: teams

text: Panathinaikos

text: Olympiacos

text: Aris

text: Thessaloniki

text: AEK

text: Athens

text: P.A.O.K

text: Maroussi

text: have

text: won

text: Triple

text: Crowns

text: Saporta

text: Cups

text: Korać

text: Cups

text: and

text: FIBA

text: Europe

text: Champions

text: Cup

text: After

text: the

text: European

text: Championship

text: triumph

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: national

text: basketball

text: team

text: Greece

text: became

text: the

text: reigning

text: European

text: Champion

text: in

text: both

text: football

text: and

text: basketball

question: The Greek national basketball team held what world ranking in 2012?

answer: 4th

question: The Greek national basketball in 2012 held what ranking in Europe?

answer: 2nd

question: How many times has the Greek national basketball team won the European championship?

answer: twice

text: twice

question: Who did the Greek basketball team beat in the 2006 FIBA World Championship?

answer: Team USA

text: Team USA

question: What is the name of Greece's top domestic basketball league?

answer: A1 Ethniki

text: A1 Ethniki


text: Other historians believe that conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth, due to various factors such as the illegality of male conversion to Judaism in the Roman world from the mid-2nd century. Another factor that would have made conversion difficult in the Roman world was the halakhic requirement of circumcision, a requirement that proselytizing Christianity quickly dropped. The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal. In addition, historians argue the very figure (4 million) that had been guessed to account for the population of Jews in the ancient Roman Empire is an error that has long been disproven and thus the assumption that conversion impacted Jewish population growth in ancient Rome on a large scale is false. The 8 million figure is also in doubt as it may refer to a census of total Roman citizens.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Other

text: historians

text: believe

text: that

text: conversion

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: era

text: was

text: limited

text: in

text: number

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: account

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: growth

text: due

text: to

text: various

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: illegality

text: of

text: male

text: conversion

text: to

text: Judaism

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: world

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Another

text: factor

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: made

text: conversion

text: difficult

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: world

text: was

text: the

text: halakhic

text: requirement

text: of

text: circumcision

text: a

text: requirement

text: that

text: proselytizing

text: Christianity

text: quickly

text: dropped

text: The

text: Fiscus

text: Judaicus

text: a

text: tax

text: imposed

text: on

text: Jews

text: in

text: CE

text: and

text: relaxed

text: to

text: exclude

text: Christians

text: in

text: CE

text: also

text: limited

text: Judaism

text: 's

text: appeal

text: In

text: addition

text: historians

text: argue

text: the

text: very

text: figure

text: million

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: guessed

text: to

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: is

text: an

text: error

text: that

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: disproven

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: conversion

text: impacted

text: Jewish

text: population

text: growth

text: in

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: on

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: is

text: false

text: The

text: million

text: figure

text: is

text: also

text: in

text: doubt

text: as

text: it

text: may

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: census

text: of

text: total

text: Roman

text: citizens

question: What is a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE?

answer: The Fiscus Judaicus

text: The Fiscus Judaicus

question: When did the FIscus Judaicus relax to exclude Christians?

answer: 96 CE

text: 96 CE

question: Name one reason historians believe the conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth?

answer: illegality of male conversion to Judaism

text: illegality of male conversion to Judaism


text: During the Napoleonic Wars he was taken seriously by the British press as a dangerous tyrant, poised to invade. He was often referred to by the British as Boney. A nursery rhyme warned children that Bonaparte ravenously ate naughty people; the "bogeyman". The British Tory press sometimes depicted Napoleon as much smaller than average height, and this image persists. Confusion about his height also results from the difference between the French pouce and British inch—2.71 cm and 2.54 cm, respectively. The myth of the "Napoleon Complex” — named after him to describe men who have an inferiority complex — stems primarily from the fact that he was listed, incorrectly, as 5 feet 2 inches (in French units) at the time of his death. In fact, he was 1.68 metres (5 ft 6 in) tall, an average height for a man in that period.[note 11]

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: During

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: he

text: was

text: taken

text: seriously

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: press

text: as

text: a

text: dangerous

text: tyrant

text: poised

text: to

text: invade

text: He

text: was

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: as

text: Boney

text: A

text: nursery

text: rhyme

text: warned

text: children

text: that

text: Bonaparte

text: ravenously

text: ate

text: naughty

text: people

text: the

text: bogeyman

text: The

text: British

text: Tory

text: press

text: sometimes

text: depicted

text: Napoleon

text: as

text: much

text: smaller

text: than

text: average

text: height

text: and

text: this

text: image

text: persists

text: Confusion

text: about

text: his

text: height

text: also

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: French

text: pouce

text: and

text: British

text: cm

text: and

text: cm

text: respectively

text: The

text: myth

text: of

text: the

text: Napoleon

text: Complex

text: named

text: after

text: him

text: to

text: describe

text: men

text: who

text: have

text: an

text: inferiority

text: complex

text: stems

text: primarily

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: listed

text: incorrectly

text: as

text: feet

text: inches

text: in

text: French

text: units

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: In

text: fact

text: he

text: was

text: metres

text: ft

text: in

text: tall

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: for

text: a

text: man

text: in

text: that

text: period.[note

question: Which foreign news service viewed Napoleon as a dangerous tyrant?

answer: the British press

text: the British press

question: What abbreviated term did the British often use to refer to Napoleon?

answer: Boney

text: Boney

question: Which segment of the British press often showed Napoleon as being much shorter than average?

answer: Tory

text: Tory

question: What height was Napoleon incorrectly listed as at his time of death?

answer: 5 feet 2 inches

text: 5 feet 2 inches

question: What was Napoleon's actual height, in feet and inches?

answer: 5 ft 6 in

text: 5 ft 6 in


text: Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on the direction of the script they are intended to be used with). A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs. Real stacking is impossible, but can be approximated in limited cases (for example, Thai top-combining vowels and tone marks can just be at different heights to start with). Generally this approach is only effective in monospaced fonts, but may be used as a fallback rendering method when more complex methods fail.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Instructions

text: are

text: also

text: embedded

text: in

text: fonts

text: to

text: tell

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: how

text: to

text: properly

text: output

text: different

text: character

text: sequences

text: A

text: simple

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: combining

text: marks

text: or

text: diacritics

text: is

text: assigning

text: the

text: marks

text: a

text: width

text: of

text: zero

text: and

text: placing

text: the

text: glyph

text: itself

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: or

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: sidebearing

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: script

text: they

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: A

text: mark

text: handled

text: this

text: way

text: will

text: appear

text: over

text: whatever

text: character

text: precedes

text: it

text: but

text: will

text: not

text: adjust

text: its

text: position

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: width

text: or

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: base

text: glyph

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: visually

text: awkward

text: and

text: it

text: may

text: overlap

text: some

text: glyphs

text: Real

text: stacking

text: is

text: impossible

text: but

text: can

text: be

text: approximated

text: in

text: limited

text: cases

text: for

text: example

text: Thai

text: top

text: combining

text: vowels

text: and

text: tone

text: marks

text: can

text: just

text: be

text: at

text: different

text: heights

text: to

text: start

text: with

text: Generally

text: this

text: approach

text: is

text: only

text: effective

text: in

text: monospaced

text: fonts

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: fallback

text: rendering

text: method

text: when

text: more

text: complex

text: methods

text: fail

question: where are instructions embedded to tell fonts how to output sequences?

answer: in fonts

text: in fonts

question: Can real stacking be accomplished?

answer: Real stacking is impossible

text: Real stacking is impossible

question: what is a solution to the placement of combining marks?

answer: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing

text: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing


text: Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: and

text: now

text: bankrupt

text: Belgian

text: TV

text: services

text: company

text: Alfacam

text: broadcast

text: HDTV

text: channels

text: to

text: break

text: the

text: pan

text: European

text: stalemate

text: of

text: no

text: HD

text: broadcasts

text: mean

text: no

text: HD

text: TVs

text: bought

text: means

text: no

text: HD

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: kick

text: start

text: HDTV

text: interest

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: channel

text: was

text: initially

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: and

text: mainly

text: comprised

text: sporting

text: dramatic

text: musical

text: and

text: other

text: cultural

text: events

text: broadcast

text: with

text: a

text: multi

text: lingual

text: soundtrack

text: on

text: a

text: rolling

text: schedule

text: of

text: or

text: hours

text: per

text: day

question: Euro1080 was a division of what former company?

answer: Alfacam

text: Alfacam

question: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?

answer: "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..."

text: "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..."

question: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels?

answer: HDTV interest in Europe

text: HDTV interest in Europe

question: How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel?

answer: free-to-air

text: free-to-air

question: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?

answer: a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule

text: a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule


text: Mammalian hair, also known as pelage, can vary in color between populations, organisms within a population, and even on the individual organism. Light-dark color variation is common in the mammalian taxa. Sometimes, this color variation is determined by age variation, however, in other cases, it is determined by other factors. Selective pressures, such as ecological interactions with other populations or environmental conditions, often lead to the variation in mammalian coloration. These selective pressures favor certain colors in order to increase survival. Camouflage is thought to be a major selection pressure shaping coloration in mammals, although there is also evidence that sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes may influence the evolution of coloration as well. Camouflage is the most predominant mechanism for color variation, as it aids in the concealment of the organisms from predators or from their prey. Coat color can also be for intraspecies communication such as warning members of their species about predators, indicating health for reproductive purposes, communicating between mother and young, and intimidating predators. Studies have shown that in some cases, differences in female and male coat color could indicate information nutrition and hormone levels, which are important in the mate selection process. One final mechanism for coat color variation is physiological response purposes, such as temperature regulation in tropical or arctic environments. Although much has been observed about color variation, much of the genetic that link coat color to genes is still unknown. The genetic sites where pigmentation genes are found are known to affect phenotype by: 1) altering the spatial distribution of pigmentation of the hairs, and 2) altering the density and distribution of the hairs. Quantitative trait mapping is being used to better understand the distribution of loci responsible for pigmentation variation. However, although the genetic sites are known, there is still much to learn about how these genes are expressed.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Mammalian

text: hair

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: pelage

text: can

text: vary

text: in

text: color

text: between

text: populations

text: organisms

text: within

text: a

text: population

text: and

text: even

text: on

text: the

text: individual

text: organism

text: Light

text: dark

text: color

text: variation

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: mammalian

text: taxa

text: Sometimes

text: this

text: color

text: variation

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: age

text: variation

text: however

text: in

text: other

text: cases

text: it

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: other

text: factors

text: Selective

text: pressures

text: such

text: as

text: ecological

text: interactions

text: with

text: other

text: populations

text: or

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: often

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: variation

text: in

text: mammalian

text: coloration

text: These

text: selective

text: pressures

text: favor

text: certain

text: colors

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: increase

text: survival

text: Camouflage

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: major

text: selection

text: pressure

text: shaping

text: coloration

text: in

text: mammals

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: evidence

text: that

text: sexual

text: selection

text: communication

text: and

text: physiological

text: processes

text: may

text: influence

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: coloration

text: as

text: well

text: Camouflage

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: predominant

text: mechanism

text: for

text: color

text: variation

text: as

text: it

text: aids

text: in

text: the

text: concealment

text: of

text: the

text: organisms

text: from

text: predators

text: or

text: from

text: their

text: prey

text: Coat

text: color

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: for

text: intraspecies

text: communication

text: such

text: as

text: warning

text: members

text: of

text: their

text: species

text: about

text: predators

text: indicating

text: health

text: for

text: reproductive

text: purposes

text: communicating

text: between

text: mother

text: and

text: young

text: and

text: intimidating

text: predators

text: Studies

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: differences

text: in

text: female

text: and

text: male

text: coat

text: color

text: could

text: indicate

text: information

text: nutrition

text: and

text: hormone

text: levels

text: which

text: are

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: mate

text: selection

text: process

text: One

text: final

text: mechanism

text: for

text: coat

text: color

text: variation

text: is

text: physiological

text: response

text: purposes

text: such

text: as

text: temperature

text: regulation

text: in

text: tropical

text: or

text: arctic

text: environments

text: Although

text: much

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: about

text: color

text: variation

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: genetic

text: that

text: link

text: coat

text: color

text: to

text: genes

text: is

text: still

text: unknown

text: The

text: genetic

text: sites

text: where

text: pigmentation

text: genes

text: are

text: found

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: affect

text: phenotype

text: by

text: altering

text: the

text: spatial

text: distribution

text: of

text: pigmentation

text: of

text: the

text: hairs

text: and

text: altering

text: the

text: density

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: hairs

text: Quantitative

text: trait

text: mapping

text: is

text: being

text: used

text: to

text: better

text: understand

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: loci

text: responsible

text: for

text: pigmentation

text: variation

text: However

text: although

text: the

text: genetic

text: sites

text: are

text: known

text: there

text: is

text: still

text: much

text: to

text: learn

text: about

text: how

text: these

text: genes

text: are

text: expressed

question: What is another name used for mammalian hair?

answer: pelage

text: pelage

question: Which color of hair is most common among mammalian taxa?

answer: Light-dark color

text: Light-dark color

question: Besides Camouflage being a reason for having certain hair colors, what other reasons have been discovered?

answer: sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes

text: sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes


text: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents (or possess membership by-laws which are legally unenforceable).

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: The

text: freedom

text: to

text: form

text: declare

text: membership

text: in

text: or

text: campaign

text: for

text: candidates

text: from

text: a

text: political

text: party

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: measurement

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: 's

text: adherence

text: to

text: liberal

text: democracy

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: value

text: Regulation

text: of

text: parties

text: may

text: run

text: from

text: a

text: crackdown

text: on

text: or

text: repression

text: of

text: all

text: opposition

text: parties

text: a

text: norm

text: for

text: authoritarian

text: governments

text: to

text: the

text: repression

text: of

text: certain

text: parties

text: which

text: hold

text: or

text: promote

text: ideals

text: which

text: run

text: counter

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: ideology

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: incumbents

text: or

text: possess

text: membership

text: by

text: laws

text: which

text: are

text: legally

text: unenforceable

question: What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy?

answer: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for

text: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for

question: How are parties regulated?

answer: a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties

text: a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties

question: Will parties that hold a counter belief to the general beliefs of the state's incumbents be repressed?

answer: to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents

text: to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents


text: In the generations after emigration from the west, Jewish communities in places like Poland, Russia, and Belarus enjoyed a comparatively stable socio-political environment. A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries precipitated the development of the Hasidic movement as well as major Jewish academic centers. After two centuries of comparative tolerance in the new nations, massive westward emigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries in response to pogroms in the east and the economic opportunities offered in other parts of the world. Ashkenazi Jews have made up the majority of the American Jewish community since 1750.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: the

text: generations

text: after

text: emigration

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: in

text: places

text: like

text: Poland

text: Russia

text: and

text: Belarus

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: comparatively

text: stable

text: socio

text: political

text: environment

text: A

text: thriving

text: publishing

text: industry

text: and

text: the

text: printing

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: biblical

text: commentaries

text: precipitated

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Hasidic

text: movement

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: major

text: Jewish

text: academic

text: centers

text: After

text: two

text: centuries

text: of

text: comparative

text: tolerance

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: nations

text: massive

text: westward

text: emigration

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: pogroms

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: economic

text: opportunities

text: offered

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: have

text: made

text: up

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Jewish

text: community

text: since

question: After emigration from the west, did Jewish communities in places like Poland have a stable or unstable sociopolitical environment?

answer: a comparatively stable socio-political environment

text: a comparatively stable socio-political environment

question: What precipitated the development of the Hasidic movement?

answer: A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries

text: A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries

question: Massive western emigration occurred around what time?

answer: in the 19th and 20th centuries

text: in the 19th and 20th centuries

question: Ashkenazi Jews have made up the majority of the American Jewish community since when?

answer: 1750


text: The name "Seattle" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date "1869" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: name

text: Seattle

text: appears

text: on

text: official

text: Washington

text: Territory

text: papers

text: dated

text: May

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: plats

text: for

text: the

text: village

text: were

text: filed

text: In

text: nominal

text: land

text: settlements

text: were

text: established

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Legislature

text: of

text: Territorial

text: Washington

text: incorporated

text: the

text: Town

text: of

text: Seattle

text: with

text: a

text: board

text: of

text: trustees

text: managing

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: town

text: of

text: Seattle

text: was

text: disincorporated

text: January

text: and

text: remained

text: a

text: mere

text: precinct

text: of

text: King

text: County

text: until

text: late

text: when

text: a

text: new

text: petition

text: was

text: filed

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: re

text: incorporated

text: December

text: with

text: a

text: Mayor

text: council

text: government

text: The

text: corporate

text: seal

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Seattle

text: carries

text: the

text: date

text: and

text: a

text: likeness

text: of

text: Chief

text: Sealth

text: in

text: left

text: profile

question: At what date did the name Seattle first appear on official papers?

answer: May 23, 1853

text: May 23, 1853

question: What famous Indian appears on the seal of Seattle?

answer: Chief Sealth

text: Chief Sealth

question: When were the first land allocations made in Seattle?

answer: May 23, 1853

text: May 23, 1853

question: At what date was Seattle incorporated as a town?

answer: January 14, 1865

text: January 14, 1865

question: What type of governing body did Seattle have in 1869?

answer: Mayor-council

text: Mayor-council


text: Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be based on an autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve. However, it has long been noted that a neural mechanism that may accomplish a delay—a necessary operation of a true autocorrelation—has not been found. At least one model shows that a temporal delay is unnecessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception, appealing to phase shifts between cochlear filters; however, earlier work has shown that certain sounds with a prominent peak in their autocorrelation function do not elicit a corresponding pitch percept, and that certain sounds without a peak in their autocorrelation function nevertheless elicit a pitch. To be a more complete model, autocorrelation must therefore apply to signals that represent the output of the cochlea, as via auditory-nerve interspike-interval histograms. Some theories of pitch perception hold that pitch has inherent octave ambiguities, and therefore is best decomposed into a pitch chroma, a periodic value around the octave, like the note names in western music—and a pitch height, which may be ambiguous, that indicates the octave the pitch is in.

title: Pitch_(music)

title: Pitch_(music

text: Temporal

text: theories

text: offer

text: an

text: alternative

text: that

text: appeals

text: to

text: the

text: temporal

text: structure

text: of

text: action

text: potentials

text: mostly

text: the

text: phase

text: locking

text: and

text: mode

text: locking

text: of

text: action

text: potentials

text: to

text: frequencies

text: in

text: a

text: stimulus

text: The

text: precise

text: way

text: this

text: temporal

text: structure

text: helps

text: code

text: for

text: pitch

text: at

text: higher

text: levels

text: is

text: still

text: debated

text: but

text: the

text: processing

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: autocorrelation

text: of

text: action

text: potentials

text: in

text: the

text: auditory

text: nerve

text: However

text: it

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: noted

text: that

text: a

text: neural

text: mechanism

text: that

text: may

text: accomplish

text: a

text: delay

text: a

text: necessary

text: operation

text: of

text: a

text: true

text: autocorrelation

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: found

text: At

text: least

text: one

text: model

text: shows

text: that

text: a

text: temporal

text: delay

text: is

text: unnecessary

text: to

text: produce

text: an

text: autocorrelation

text: model

text: of

text: pitch

text: perception

text: appealing

text: to

text: phase

text: shifts

text: between

text: cochlear

text: filters

text: however

text: earlier

text: work

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: certain

text: sounds

text: with

text: a

text: prominent

text: peak

text: in

text: their

text: autocorrelation

text: function

text: do

text: not

text: elicit

text: a

text: corresponding

text: pitch

text: percept

text: and

text: that

text: certain

text: sounds

text: without

text: a

text: peak

text: in

text: their

text: autocorrelation

text: function

text: nevertheless

text: elicit

text: a

text: pitch

text: To

text: be

text: a

text: more

text: complete

text: model

text: autocorrelation

text: must

text: therefore

text: apply

text: to

text: signals

text: that

text: represent

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: cochlea

text: as

text: via

text: auditory

text: nerve

text: interspike

text: interval

text: histograms

text: Some

text: theories

text: of

text: pitch

text: perception

text: hold

text: that

text: pitch

text: has

text: inherent

text: octave

text: ambiguities

text: and

text: therefore

text: is

text: best

text: decomposed

text: into

text: a

text: pitch

text: chroma

text: a

text: periodic

text: value

text: around

text: the

text: octave

text: like

text: the

text: note

text: names

text: in

text: western

text: music

text: and

text: a

text: pitch

text: height

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: ambiguous

text: that

text: indicates

text: the

text: octave

text: the

text: pitch

text: is

text: in

question: The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is based on what?

answer: autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve

text: autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve

question: Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception?

answer: unnecessary

text: unnecessary

question: Pitch perception  has inherent octave what?

answer: ambiguities

text: ambiguities


text: Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein and are used in a variety of ways, fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Mohinga

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: breakfast

text: dish

text: and

text: is

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: national

text: dish

text: Seafood

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: ingredient

text: in

text: coastal

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Sittwe

text: Kyaukpyu

text: Mawlamyaing

text: formerly

text: Moulmein

text: Mergui

text: Myeik

text: and

text: Dawei

text: while

text: meat

text: and

text: poultry

text: are

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: landlocked

text: cities

text: like

text: Mandalay

text: Freshwater

text: fish

text: and

text: shrimp

text: have

text: been

text: incorporated

text: into

text: inland

text: cooking

text: as

text: a

text: primary

text: source

text: of

text: protein

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: ways

text: fresh

text: salted

text: whole

text: or

text: filleted

text: salted

text: and

text: dried

text: made

text: into

text: a

text: salty

text: paste

text: or

text: fermented

text: sour

text: and

text: pressed

question: What is the time-honored dish served for the morning meal in Burma ?

answer: Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish

text: Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish

question: What is most commonly enjoyed to eat along the coast of Myanmar ?

answer: Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities

text: Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities

question: Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ?

answer: landlocked cities

text: landlocked cities

question: What is considered as an alternative to tofu for the valuable ingredient it holds for those not living near water in BUrma?

answer: Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein

text: Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein

question: What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ?

answer: fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.

text: fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.


text: The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays. Among his best-known works is Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro. Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait. He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends. Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: Modernism

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: it

text: came

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: Portuguese

text: painters

text: Amadeo

text: de

text: Souza

text: Cardoso

text: who

text: was

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: French

text: painters

text: particularly

text: by

text: the

text: Delaunays

text: Among

text: his

text: best

text: known

text: works

text: is

text: Canção

text: Popular

text: a

text: Russa

text: e

text: o

text: Fígaro

text: Another

text: great

text: modernist

text: painters

text: writers

text: were

text: Carlos

text: Botelho

text: and

text: Almada

text: Negreiros

text: friend

text: to

text: the

text: poet

text: Fernando

text: Pessoa

text: who

text: painted

text: his

text: Pessoa

text: 's

text: portrait

text: He

text: was

text: deeply

text: influenced

text: by

text: both

text: Cubist

text: and

text: Futurist

text: trends

text: Prominent

text: international

text: figures

text: in

text: visual

text: arts

text: nowadays

text: include

text: painters

text: Vieira

text: da

text: Silva

text: Júlio

text: Pomar

text: Helena

text: Almeida

text: Joana

text: Vasconcelos

text: Julião

text: Sarmento

text: and

text: Paula

text: Rego

question: In which century did Portugal see the arrival of Modernism?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: By what group was Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso most heavily influenced by?

answer: French painters, particularly by the Delaunays

text: French painters, particularly by the Delaunays

question: What is one of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso's best known works?

answer: Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro

text: Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro

question: Who are some of the most prominent modern visual artists in Portugal?

answer: Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego

text: Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego


text: Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to the cellulose. Lignin is the third component at around 27% in coniferous wood vs. 23% in deciduous trees. Lignin confers the hydrophobic properties reflecting the fact that it is based on aromatic rings. These three components are interwoven, and direct covalent linkages exist between the lignin and the hemicellulose. A major focus of the paper industry is the separation of the lignin from the cellulose, from which paper is made.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Aside

text: from

text: water

text: wood

text: has

text: three

text: main

text: components

text: Cellulose

text: a

text: crystalline

text: polymer

text: derived

text: from

text: glucose

text: constitutes

text: about

text: Next

text: in

text: abundance

text: is

text: hemicellulose

text: which

text: is

text: around

text: in

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: but

text: near

text: in

text: conifers

text: It

text: is

text: mainly

text: five

text: carbon

text: sugars

text: that

text: are

text: linked

text: in

text: an

text: irregular

text: manner

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: cellulose

text: Lignin

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: component

text: at

text: around

text: in

text: coniferous

text: wood

text: vs.

text: in

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: Lignin

text: confers

text: the

text: hydrophobic

text: properties

text: reflecting

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: aromatic

text: rings

text: These

text: three

text: components

text: are

text: interwoven

text: and

text: direct

text: covalent

text: linkages

text: exist

text: between

text: the

text: lignin

text: and

text: the

text: hemicellulose

text: A

text: major

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: industry

text: is

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: the

text: lignin

text: from

text: the

text: cellulose

text: from

text: which

text: paper

text: is

text: made

question: How many main components make up wood, not counting water?

answer: three

text: three

question: What's the name for the crystalline polymer derived from glucose?

answer: Cellulose

text: Cellulose

question: After cellulose, what component is most plentiful in wood?

answer: hemicellulose

text: hemicellulose

question: What kind of trees have about 30% hemicellulose?

answer: conifers

text: conifers

question: Which of the three main components of wood is used to manufacture paper?

answer: cellulose

text: cellulose


text: In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda's economy (see Economy of Bermuda).

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: In

text: Imperial

text: Airways

text: and

text: Pan

text: American

text: World

text: Airways

text: began

text: operating

text: scheduled

text: flying

text: boat

text: airline

text: services

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Baltimore

text: to

text: Darrell

text: 's

text: Island

text: Bermuda

text: In

text: regularly

text: scheduled

text: commercial

text: airline

text: service

text: by

text: land

text: based

text: aeroplanes

text: began

text: to

text: Kindley

text: Field

text: now

text: L.F.

text: Wade

text: International

text: Airport

text: helping

text: tourism

text: to

text: reach

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: business

text: had

text: supplanted

text: tourism

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: sector

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: economy

text: see

text: Economy

text: of

text: Bermuda

question: What did Imperial Airways and Pan American begin scheduling in 1937?

answer: flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda

text: flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda

question: What helped tourism grow to new heights in the 1960-1970's?

answer: regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes

text: regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes

question: What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's?

answer: international business

text: international business


text: The Midwest Regional Medical Center located in the suburb of Midwest City; other major hospitals in the city include the Oklahoma Heart Hospital and the Mercy Health Center. There are 347 physicians for every 100,000 people in the city.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: Midwest

text: Regional

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Midwest

text: City

text: other

text: major

text: hospitals

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Heart

text: Hospital

text: and

text: the

text: Mercy

text: Health

text: Center

text: There

text: are

text: physicians

text: for

text: every

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: Where is the Midwest Regional Medical Center?

answer: Midwest City

text: Midwest City

question: How many doctors are there per 100,000 people?

answer: 347


text: During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States. Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: During

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: began

text: suffering

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: poor

text: farming

text: practices

text: extended

text: drought

text: and

text: high

text: winds

text: Known

text: as

text: the

text: Dust

text: Bowl

text: areas

text: of

text: Kansas

text: Texas

text: New

text: Mexico

text: and

text: northwestern

text: Oklahoma

text: were

text: hampered

text: by

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: little

text: rainfall

text: and

text: abnormally

text: high

text: temperatures

text: sending

text: thousands

text: of

text: farmers

text: into

text: poverty

text: and

text: forcing

text: them

text: to

text: relocate

text: to

text: more

text: fertile

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: Over

text: a

text: twenty

text: year

text: period

text: ending

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: saw

text: its

text: only

text: historical

text: decline

text: in

text: population

text: dropping

text: percent

text: as

text: impoverished

text: families

text: migrated

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: the

text: Dust

text: Bowl

question: When did the Dust Bowl begin?

answer: 1930s

question: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?

answer: poor farming practices

text: poor farming practices

question: What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?

answer: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma

text: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma

question: How many farmers had to relocate because of the Dust Bowl?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: How much did Oklahoma's population decline from 1930 to 1950?

answer: 6.9 percent

text: 6.9 percent


text: Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced to schwa sounds when unstressed. Each word usually has primary stress on its first syllable, except for enclitics (minor, monosyllabic, unstressed syllables). In all words of more than two syllables, every odd-numbered syllable receives secondary stress. Stress is unrelated to vowel length, and the possibility of stressed short vowels and unstressed long vowels can be confusing to students whose native language combines the features (such as English).

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Czech

text: contains

text: ten

text: basic

text: vowel

text: phonemes

text: and

text: three

text: more

text: found

text: only

text: in

text: loanwords

text: They

text: are

text: /a/

text: /ɛ/

text: /ɪ/

text: /o/

text: and

text: /u/

text: their

text: long

text: counterparts

text: /aː/

text: /ɛː/

text: /iː/

text: /oː/

text: and

text: /uː/

text: and

text: three

text: diphthongs

text: /ou̯/

text: /au̯/

text: and

text: /ɛu̯/.

text: The

text: latter

text: two

text: diphthongs

text: and

text: the

text: long

text: /oː/

text: are

text: exclusive

text: to

text: loanwords

text: Vowels

text: are

text: never

text: reduced

text: to

text: schwa

text: sounds

text: when

text: unstressed

text: Each

text: word

text: usually

text: has

text: primary

text: stress

text: on

text: its

text: first

text: syllable

text: except

text: for

text: enclitics

text: minor

text: monosyllabic

text: unstressed

text: syllables

text: In

text: all

text: words

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: syllables

text: every

text: odd

text: numbered

text: syllable

text: receives

text: secondary

text: stress

text: Stress

text: is

text: unrelated

text: to

text: vowel

text: length

text: and

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: stressed

text: short

text: vowels

text: and

text: unstressed

text: long

text: vowels

text: can

text: be

text: confusing

text: to

text: students

text: whose

text: native

text: language

text: combines

text: the

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: English

question: How many basic vowel phonemes does Czech contain?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Where are three additional vowel phonemes found in Czech?

answer: loanwords

text: loanwords

question: What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed?

answer: schwa sounds

text: schwa sounds

question: What is stress unrelated to in Czech?

answer: vowel length

text: vowel length

question: What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech?

answer: first syllable

text: first syllable


text: In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: In

text: nature

text: uranium

text: is

text: found

text: as

text: and

text: Isotope

text: separation

text: concentrates

text: enriches

text: the

text: fissionable

text: for

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: and

text: most

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plants

text: except

text: for

text: gas

text: cooled

text: reactors

text: and

text: pressurised

text: heavy

text: water

text: reactors

text: Most

text: neutrons

text: released

text: by

text: a

text: fissioning

text: atom

text: of

text: must

text: impact

text: other

text: atoms

text: to

text: sustain

text: the

text: nuclear

text: chain

text: reaction

text: The

text: concentration

text: and

text: amount

text: of

text: needed

text: to

text: achieve

text: this

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: critical

text: mass

question: What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-235?

answer: 0.7204%

question: What is the term for the amount of uranium-235 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?

answer: critical mass

text: critical mass

question: What is the most prevalent natural isotope of uranium?

answer: uranium-238

question: What percentage of natural uranium is isotope 238?

answer: 99.2742%

question: Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?

answer: pressurised heavy water

text: pressurised heavy water


text: However, an analysis by the Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc., has shown that due to issues of comparative denominators and other factors, such municipality-based rankings can be considered inaccurate. For example, two cities of identical population can cover widely differing land areas, making such analyses irrelevant. The research organization called for comparisons based on neighborhoods, blocks, or standard methodologies (similar to those used by Brookings, DiversityData, and other established institutions), not based on municipalities.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: However

text: an

text: analysis

text: by

text: the

text: Regional

text: Data

text: Cooperative

text: for

text: Greater

text: New

text: Haven

text: Inc.

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: due

text: to

text: issues

text: of

text: comparative

text: denominators

text: and

text: other

text: factors

text: such

text: municipality

text: based

text: rankings

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: inaccurate

text: For

text: example

text: two

text: cities

text: of

text: identical

text: population

text: can

text: cover

text: widely

text: differing

text: land

text: areas

text: making

text: such

text: analyses

text: irrelevant

text: The

text: research

text: organization

text: called

text: for

text: comparisons

text: based

text: on

text: neighborhoods

text: blocks

text: or

text: standard

text: methodologies

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: used

text: by

text: Brookings

text: DiversityData

text: and

text: other

text: established

text: institutions

text: not

text: based

text: on

text: municipalities

question: Analysis by what organization detailed that municipality-based rankings may be inaccurate?

answer: Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc

text: Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc

question: What constant in two cities can create disparities in analysis by way of distribution over differing land areas?

answer: identical population

text: identical population

question: Neighborhoods and blocks, as opposed to municipalities, are both examples of what?

answer: standard methodologies

text: standard methodologies

question: What research organization did an city analysis on New Haven?

answer: Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc

text: Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc

question: The organization stated that analysis should be based on comparison of neighborhoods within the city and not what?

answer: based on municipalities

text: based on municipalities

question: According to the institution what leads to inaccurate analysis of the city?

answer: cities of identical population

text: cities of identical population


text: Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Bern

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: libraries

text: These

text: libraries

text: include

text: the

text: Schweiz

text: Nationalbibliothek/

text: Bibliothèque

text: nationale

text: suisse

text: the

text: Universitätsbibliothek

text: Bern

text: the

text: Kornhausbibliotheken

text: Bern

text: the

text: BFH

text: Wirtschaft

text: und

text: Verwaltung

text: Bern

text: the

text: BFH

text: Gesundheit

text: the

text: BFH

text: Soziale

text: Arbeit

text: the

text: Hochschule

text: der

text: Künste

text: Bern

text: Gestaltung

text: und

text: Kunst

text: and

text: the

text: Hochschule

text: der

text: Künste

text: Bern

text: Musikbibliothek

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: combined

text: total

text: as

text: of

text: of

text: books

text: or

text: other

text: media

text: in

text: the

text: libraries

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: items

text: were

text: loaned

text: out

question: How many libraries are in Bern?

answer: 8


text: In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes. Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: In

text: Jim

text: Shooter

text: became

text: Marvel

text: 's

text: editor

text: in

text: chief

text: Although

text: a

text: controversial

text: personality

text: Shooter

text: cured

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: procedural

text: ills

text: at

text: Marvel

text: including

text: repeatedly

text: missed

text: deadlines

text: During

text: Shooter

text: 's

text: nine

text: year

text: tenure

text: as

text: editor

text: in

text: chief

text: Chris

text: Claremont

text: and

text: John

text: Byrne

text: 's

text: run

text: on

text: the

text: Uncanny

text: X

text: Men

text: and

text: Frank

text: Miller

text: 's

text: run

text: on

text: Daredevil

text: became

text: critical

text: and

text: commercial

text: successes

text: Shooter

text: brought

text: Marvel

text: into

text: the

text: rapidly

text: evolving

text: direct

text: market

text: institutionalized

text: creator

text: royalties

text: starting

text: with

text: the

text: Epic

text: Comics

text: imprint

text: for

text: creator

text: owned

text: material

text: in

text: introduced

text: company

text: wide

text: crossover

text: story

text: arcs

text: with

text: Contest

text: of

text: Champions

text: and

text: Secret

text: Wars

text: and

text: in

text: launched

text: the

text: ultimately

text: unsuccessful

text: New

text: Universe

text: line

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: Marvel

text: Comics

text: imprint

text: Star

text: Comics

text: a

text: children

text: oriented

text: line

text: differing

text: from

text: the

text: regular

text: Marvel

text: titles

text: was

text: briefly

text: successful

text: during

text: this

text: period

question: Who took over as head of Marvel in 1978?

answer: Jim Shooter

text: Jim Shooter

question: What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?

answer: repeatedly missed deadlines

text: repeatedly missed deadlines

question: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?

answer: Frank Miller

text: Frank Miller

question: What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?

answer: Chris Claremont and John Byrne

text: Chris Claremont and John Byrne

question: Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?

answer: crossover story arcs

text: crossover story arcs


text: Canadian football is also played at the high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: Canadian

text: football

text: is

text: also

text: played

text: at

text: the

text: high

text: school

text: junior

text: collegiate

text: and

text: semi

text: professional

text: levels

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Junior

text: Football

text: League

text: formed

text: May

text: and

text: Quebec

text: Junior

text: Football

text: League

text: are

text: leagues

text: for

text: players

text: aged

text: many

text: post

text: secondary

text: institutions

text: compete

text: in

text: Canadian

text: Interuniversity

text: Sport

text: for

text: the

text: Vanier

text: Cup

text: and

text: senior

text: leagues

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Alberta

text: Football

text: League

text: have

text: grown

text: in

text: popularity

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Great

text: achievements

text: in

text: Canadian

text: football

text: are

text: enshrined

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Football

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

question: On which date was the Canadian Junior Football League formed?

answer: May 8, 1974

text: May 8, 1974

question: How old are the players in the Quebec Junior Football League?

answer: 18–22

question: What trophy is awarded to the winner of Canadian inter-university football competition?

answer: Vanier Cup

text: Vanier Cup

question: What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?

answer: Canadian Football Hall of Fame

text: Canadian Football Hall of Fame


text: Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven endospores in a single cell. Endospores have a central core of cytoplasm containing DNA and ribosomes surrounded by a cortex layer and protected by an impermeable and rigid coat. Dipicolinic acid is a chemical compound that composes 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores. It is implicated as responsible for the heat resistance of the endospore.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Certain

text: genera

text: of

text: Gram

text: positive

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Bacillus

text: Clostridium

text: Sporohalobacter

text: Anaerobacter

text: and

text: Heliobacterium

text: can

text: form

text: highly

text: resistant

text: dormant

text: structures

text: called

text: endospores

text: In

text: almost

text: all

text: cases

text: one

text: endospore

text: is

text: formed

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: reproductive

text: process

text: although

text: Anaerobacter

text: can

text: make

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: endospores

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: cell

text: Endospores

text: have

text: a

text: central

text: core

text: of

text: cytoplasm

text: containing

text: DNA

text: and

text: ribosomes

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: cortex

text: layer

text: and

text: protected

text: by

text: an

text: impermeable

text: and

text: rigid

text: coat

text: Dipicolinic

text: acid

text: is

text: a

text: chemical

text: compound

text: that

text: composes

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: dry

text: weight

text: of

text: bacterial

text: spores

text: It

text: is

text: implicated

text: as

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: heat

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: endospore

question: What are highly resistant dormant structures of certain gram-positive bacteria called?

answer: endospores

text: endospores

question: Is creating endospore a reproductive process?

answer: is not a reproductive process

text: is not a reproductive process

question: What are ribosomes in endospores are enclosed in?

answer: cortex layer

text: cortex layer

question: What chemical compound comprises 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores?

answer: Dipicolinic acid

text: Dipicolinic acid


text: Amateur football is governed by Football Canada. At the university level, 26 teams play in four conferences under the auspices of Canadian Interuniversity Sport; the CIS champion is awarded the Vanier Cup. Junior football is played by many after high school before joining the university ranks. There are 20 junior teams in three divisions in the Canadian Junior Football League competing for the Canadian Bowl. The Quebec Junior Football League includes teams from Ontario and Quebec who battle for the Manson Cup.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: Amateur

text: football

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: Football

text: Canada

text: At

text: the

text: university

text: level

text: teams

text: play

text: in

text: four

text: conferences

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: Canadian

text: Interuniversity

text: Sport

text: the

text: CIS

text: champion

text: is

text: awarded

text: the

text: Vanier

text: Cup

text: Junior

text: football

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: many

text: after

text: high

text: school

text: before

text: joining

text: the

text: university

text: ranks

text: There

text: are

text: junior

text: teams

text: in

text: three

text: divisions

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Junior

text: Football

text: League

text: competing

text: for

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Bowl

text: The

text: Quebec

text: Junior

text: Football

text: League

text: includes

text: teams

text: from

text: Ontario

text: and

text: Quebec

text: who

text: battle

text: for

text: the

text: Manson

text: Cup

question: Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football?

answer: Football Canada

text: Football Canada

question: How many football teams compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport?

answer: 26

question: Which trophy goes to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport football champion?

answer: Vanier Cup

text: Vanier Cup

question: What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams?

answer: Canadian Bowl

text: Canadian Bowl

question: Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?

answer: Ontario and Quebec

text: Ontario and Quebec


text: On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio-economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave-holding "yeoman" farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129-mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a "farmer's railroad", from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston-Salem).

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: On

text: November

text: North

text: Carolina

text: became

text: the

text: twelfth

text: state

text: to

text: ratify

text: the

text: Constitution

text: In

text: it

text: completed

text: the

text: state

text: capitol

text: building

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: still

text: standing

text: today

text: Most

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: slave

text: owners

text: and

text: large

text: plantations

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Although

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: plantation

text: system

text: was

text: smaller

text: and

text: less

text: cohesive

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Georgia

text: or

text: South

text: Carolina

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: planters

text: were

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: counties

text: around

text: the

text: port

text: cities

text: of

text: Wilmington

text: and

text: Edenton

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: suburban

text: planters

text: around

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Raleigh

text: Charlotte

text: and

text: Durham

text: in

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: Planters

text: owning

text: large

text: estates

text: wielded

text: significant

text: political

text: and

text: socio

text: economic

text: power

text: in

text: antebellum

text: North

text: Carolina

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: slave

text: society

text: They

text: placed

text: their

text: interests

text: above

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: generally

text: non

text: slave

text: holding

text: yeoman

text: farmers

text: of

text: western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: In

text: mid

text: century

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: rural

text: and

text: commercial

text: areas

text: were

text: connected

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: km

text: wooden

text: plank

text: road

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: farmer

text: 's

text: railroad

text: from

text: Fayetteville

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: Bethania

text: northwest

text: of

text: Winston

text: Salem

question: North Carolina was the twelth state to ratify what document?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: What date did North Carolina ratify the constitution?

answer: November 21, 1789

text: November 21, 1789

question: What year was the state capitol building of North Carolina completed?

answer: 1840

question: Where was the capitol building completed in 1840?

answer: Raleigh

text: Raleigh

question: What part of the state were most slave and plantation owners concentrated in?

answer: eastern

text: eastern


text: In the attempt to satisfy Austria at the time, Britain gave their electoral vote in Hanover for the candidacy of Maria Theresa's son, Joseph, as the Holy Roman Emperor, much to the dismay of Frederick and Prussia. Not only that, Britain would soon join the Austro-Russian alliance, but complications arose. Britain's basic framework for the alliance itself was to protect Hanover's interests against France. While at the same time, Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria. Not only that, France had no intention to ally with Russia, who meddled with their affairs in Austria's succession war, years earlier, and saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: the

text: attempt

text: to

text: satisfy

text: Austria

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Britain

text: gave

text: their

text: electoral

text: vote

text: in

text: Hanover

text: for

text: the

text: candidacy

text: of

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: 's

text: son

text: Joseph

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: dismay

text: of

text: Frederick

text: and

text: Prussia

text: Not

text: only

text: that

text: Britain

text: would

text: soon

text: join

text: the

text: Austro

text: Russian

text: alliance

text: but

text: complications

text: arose

text: Britain

text: 's

text: basic

text: framework

text: for

text: the

text: alliance

text: itself

text: was

text: to

text: protect

text: Hanover

text: 's

text: interests

text: against

text: France

text: While

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Kaunitz

text: kept

text: approaching

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: the

text: hope

text: of

text: establishing

text: such

text: alliance

text: with

text: Austria

text: Not

text: only

text: that

text: France

text: had

text: no

text: intention

text: to

text: ally

text: with

text: Russia

text: who

text: meddled

text: with

text: their

text: affairs

text: in

text: Austria

text: 's

text: succession

text: war

text: years

text: earlier

text: and

text: saw

text: the

text: complete

text: dismemberment

text: of

text: Prussia

text: as

text: unacceptable

text: to

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

question: What country was pleased that Britain used its Hanover vote to elect Joseph as Te Holy Roman Emperor?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: What country and person were displeased that Britain used it Hanover vote to elect Joseph as the Holy Roman Emporer?

answer: Frederick and Prussia

text: Frederick and Prussia

question: What was the French view about the dismemberment of Prussia?

answer: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

text: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

question: What was a major objective of Britain in joining the Austro-Russian alliance?

answer: to protect Hanover's interests against France.

text: to protect Hanover's interests against France.

question: What was Kaunitz's objective with the French?

answer: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria

text: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria


text: Von Neumann's abstract treatment permitted him also to confront the foundational issue of determinism versus non-determinism, and in the book he presented a proof that the statistical results of quantum mechanics could not possibly be averages of an underlying set of determined "hidden variables," as in classical statistical mechanics. In 1966, John S. Bell published a paper arguing that the proof contained a conceptual error and was therefore invalid. However, in 2010, Jeffrey Bub argued that Bell had misconstrued von Neumann's proof, and pointed out that the proof, though not valid for all hidden variable theories, does rule out a well-defined and important subset. Bub also suggests that von Neumann was aware of this limitation, and that von Neumann did not claim that his proof completely ruled out hidden variable theories.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: abstract

text: treatment

text: permitted

text: him

text: also

text: to

text: confront

text: the

text: foundational

text: issue

text: of

text: determinism

text: versus

text: non

text: determinism

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: he

text: presented

text: a

text: proof

text: that

text: the

text: statistical

text: results

text: of

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: could

text: not

text: possibly

text: be

text: averages

text: of

text: an

text: underlying

text: set

text: of

text: determined

text: hidden

text: variables

text: as

text: in

text: classical

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: In

text: John

text: S.

text: Bell

text: published

text: a

text: paper

text: arguing

text: that

text: the

text: proof

text: contained

text: a

text: conceptual

text: error

text: and

text: was

text: therefore

text: invalid

text: However

text: in

text: Jeffrey

text: Bub

text: argued

text: that

text: Bell

text: had

text: misconstrued

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: proof

text: and

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: proof

text: though

text: not

text: valid

text: for

text: all

text: hidden

text: variable

text: theories

text: does

text: rule

text: out

text: a

text: well

text: defined

text: and

text: important

text: subset

text: Bub

text: also

text: suggests

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: this

text: limitation

text: and

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: did

text: not

text: claim

text: that

text: his

text: proof

text: completely

text: ruled

text: out

text: hidden

text: variable

text: theories

question: Von Neumann's abstract treatment allowed him to work on what foundational issue?

answer: determinism versus non-determinism

text: determinism versus non-determinism

question: What was John Bell's argument?

answer: proof contained a conceptual error and was therefore invalid

text: proof contained a conceptual error and was therefore invalid

question: What did Jeffrey Bub argue in 2010?

answer: Bell had misconstrued von Neumann's proof

text: Bell had misconstrued von Neumann's proof

question: Did von Neumann rule hidden variable theories?

answer: von Neumann did not claim that his proof completely ruled out hidden variable theories

text: von Neumann did not claim that his proof completely ruled out hidden variable theories


text: There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: main

text: chemical

text: pulping

text: processes

text: the

text: sulfite

text: process

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: dominant

text: method

text: extent

text: before

text: the

text: second

text: world

text: war

text: The

text: kraft

text: process

text: invented

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: practiced

text: strategy

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: advantages

text: is

text: the

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: with

text: lignin

text: that

text: produces

text: heat

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: run

text: a

text: generator

text: Most

text: pulping

text: operations

text: using

text: the

text: kraft

text: process

text: are

text: net

text: contributors

text: to

text: the

text: electricity

text: grid

text: or

text: use

text: the

text: electricity

text: to

text: run

text: an

text: adjacent

text: paper

text: mill

text: Another

text: advantage

text: is

text: that

text: this

text: process

text: recovers

text: and

text: reuses

text: all

text: inorganic

text: chemical

text: reagents

text: Soda

text: pulping

text: is

text: another

text: specialty

text: process

text: used

text: to

text: pulp

text: straws

text: bagasse

text: and

text: hardwoods

text: with

text: high

text: silicate

text: content

question: How many chemical pulping processes are there?

answer: three

text: three

question: What decade does the sulfite process date to?

answer: 1840s

question: What process is most commonly used?

answer: The kraft process

text: The kraft process

question: What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?

answer: Soda pulping

text: Soda pulping