text: Along with the desire for independence, tensions between Hindus and Muslims had also been developing over the years. The Muslims had always been a minority within the subcontinent, and the prospect of an exclusively Hindu government made them wary of independence; they were as inclined to mistrust Hindu rule as they were to resist the foreign Raj, although Gandhi called for unity between the two groups in an astonishing display of leadership. The British, extremely weakened by the Second World War, promised that they would leave and participated in the formation of an interim government. The British Indian territories gained independence in 1947, after being partitioned into the Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. Following the controversial division of pre-partition Punjab and Bengal, rioting broke out between Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims in these provinces and spread to several other parts of India, leaving some 500,000 dead. Also, this period saw one of the largest mass migrations ever recorded in modern history, with a total of 12 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims moving between the newly created nations of India and Pakistan (which gained independence on 15 and 14 August 1947 respectively). In 1971, Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan and East Bengal, seceded from Pakistan.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: desire

text: for

text: independence

text: tensions

text: between

text: Hindus

text: and

text: Muslims

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: developing

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: The

text: Muslims

text: had

text: always

text: been

text: a

text: minority

text: within

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: and

text: the

text: prospect

text: of

text: an

text: exclusively

text: Hindu

text: government

text: made

text: them

text: wary

text: of

text: independence

text: they

text: were

text: as

text: inclined

text: to

text: mistrust

text: Hindu

text: rule

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: foreign

text: Raj

text: although

text: Gandhi

text: called

text: for

text: unity

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: groups

text: in

text: an

text: astonishing

text: display

text: of

text: leadership

text: The

text: British

text: extremely

text: weakened

text: by

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: promised

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: leave

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: an

text: interim

text: government

text: The

text: British

text: Indian

text: territories

text: gained

text: independence

text: in

text: after

text: being

text: partitioned

text: into

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Dominion

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: Following

text: the

text: controversial

text: division

text: of

text: pre

text: partition

text: Punjab

text: and

text: Bengal

text: rioting

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: Sikhs

text: Hindus

text: and

text: Muslims

text: in

text: these

text: provinces

text: and

text: spread

text: to

text: several

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: leaving

text: some

text: dead

text: Also

text: this

text: period

text: saw

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: mass

text: migrations

text: ever

text: recorded

text: in

text: modern

text: history

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: Hindus

text: Sikhs

text: and

text: Muslims

text: moving

text: between

text: the

text: newly

text: created

text: nations

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: which

text: gained

text: independence

text: on

text: and

text: August

text: respectively

text: In

text: Bangladesh

text: formerly

text: East

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: East

text: Bengal

text: seceded

text: from

text: Pakistan

question: What position did Muslims have in the Indian population?

answer: minority

text: minority

question: What effect of independence did Muslims distrust?

answer: Hindu rule

text: Hindu rule

question: What did the British form in preparation to leaving India?

answer: interim government

text: interim government

question: How many people died in the rioting over divisions of Bengal and Punjab?

answer: 500,000

question: How many people migrated between the newly created countries of India and Pakistan?

answer: 12 million

text: 12 million


text: Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call "vacuum" or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Vacuum

text: is

text: space

text: void

text: of

text: matter

text: The

text: word

text: stems

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: adjective

text: vacuus

text: for

text: vacant

text: or

text: void

text: An

text: approximation

text: to

text: such

text: vacuum

text: is

text: a

text: region

text: with

text: a

text: gaseous

text: pressure

text: much

text: less

text: than

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: Physicists

text: often

text: discuss

text: ideal

text: test

text: results

text: that

text: would

text: occur

text: in

text: a

text: perfect

text: vacuum

text: which

text: they

text: sometimes

text: simply

text: call

text: vacuum

text: or

text: free

text: space

text: and

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: partial

text: vacuum

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: an

text: actual

text: imperfect

text: vacuum

text: as

text: one

text: might

text: have

text: in

text: a

text: laboratory

text: or

text: in

text: space

text: In

text: engineering

text: and

text: applied

text: physics

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: vacuum

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: space

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: pressure

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: The

text: Latin

text: term

text: in

text: vacuo

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: an

text: object

text: as

text: being

text: in

text: what

text: would

text: otherwise

text: be

text: a

text: vacuum

question: The word Vacuum stems from what Latin adjective?

answer: vacuus

text: vacuus

question: What does the term used by Physicists, partial vacuum, refer to?

answer: imperfect vacuum

text: imperfect vacuum

question: What is a vacuum?

answer: space void of matter

text: space void of matter

question: What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum?

answer: gaseous

text: gaseous

question: What Latin term is used to describe an object in a vacuum?

answer: in vacuo

text: in vacuo


text: Certain bacteria form close spatial associations that are essential for their survival. One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen, and methanogenic Archaea that consume hydrogen. The bacteria in this association are unable to consume the organic acids as this reaction produces hydrogen that accumulates in their surroundings. Only the intimate association with the hydrogen-consuming Archaea keeps the hydrogen concentration low enough to allow the bacteria to grow.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Certain

text: bacteria

text: form

text: close

text: spatial

text: associations

text: that

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: their

text: survival

text: One

text: such

text: mutualistic

text: association

text: called

text: interspecies

text: hydrogen

text: transfer

text: occurs

text: between

text: clusters

text: of

text: anaerobic

text: bacteria

text: that

text: consume

text: organic

text: acids

text: such

text: as

text: butyric

text: acid

text: or

text: propionic

text: acid

text: and

text: produce

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: methanogenic

text: Archaea

text: that

text: consume

text: hydrogen

text: The

text: bacteria

text: in

text: this

text: association

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: consume

text: the

text: organic

text: acids

text: as

text: this

text: reaction

text: produces

text: hydrogen

text: that

text: accumulates

text: in

text: their

text: surroundings

text: Only

text: the

text: intimate

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: consuming

text: Archaea

text: keeps

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: concentration

text: low

text: enough

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: bacteria

text: to

text: grow

question: What helps bacteria to survive?

answer: close spatial associations

text: close spatial associations

question: What kind of bacteria can form interspecies hydrogen transfer?

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

question: What do anaerobic bacteria consume?

answer: butyric acid or propionic acid

text: butyric acid or propionic acid


text: Napoleon was crowned Emperor Napoleon I on 2 December 1804 at Notre Dame de Paris by Pope Pius VII. On 1 April 1810, Napoleon religiously married the Austrian princess Marie Louise. During his brother's rule in Spain, he abolished the Spanish Inquisition in 1813. In a private discussion with general Gourgaud during his exile on Saint Helena, Napoleon expressed materialistic views on the origin of man,[note 9]and doubted the divinity of Jesus, stating that it is absurd to believe that Socrates, Plato, Muslims, and the Anglicans should be damned for not being Roman Catholics.[note 10] He also said to Gourgaud in 1817 "I like the Mohammedan religion best. It has fewer incredible things in it than ours." and that "the Mohammedan religion is the finest of all." However, Napoleon was anointed by a priest before his death.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: crowned

text: Emperor

text: Napoleon

text: I

text: on

text: December

text: at

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: by

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: VII

text: On

text: April

text: Napoleon

text: religiously

text: married

text: the

text: Austrian

text: princess

text: Marie

text: Louise

text: During

text: his

text: brother

text: 's

text: rule

text: in

text: Spain

text: he

text: abolished

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Inquisition

text: in

text: In

text: a

text: private

text: discussion

text: with

text: general

text: Gourgaud

text: during

text: his

text: exile

text: on

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Napoleon

text: expressed

text: materialistic

text: views

text: on

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: man,[note

text: doubted

text: the

text: divinity

text: of

text: Jesus

text: stating

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: absurd

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: Socrates

text: Plato

text: Muslims

text: and

text: the

text: Anglicans

text: should

text: be

text: damned

text: for

text: not

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholics.[note

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: to

text: Gourgaud

text: in

text: I

text: like

text: the

text: Mohammedan

text: religion

text: best

text: It

text: has

text: fewer

text: incredible

text: things

text: in

text: it

text: than

text: ours

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: Mohammedan

text: religion

text: is

text: the

text: finest

text: of

text: all

text: However

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: anointed

text: by

text: a

text: priest

text: before

text: his

text: death

question: When was Napoleon crowned Emperor?

answer: 2 December 1804

text: 2 December 1804

question: Where was Napoleon crowned Emperor?

answer: Notre Dame de Paris

text: Notre Dame de Paris

question: Who crowned Napoleon Emperor?

answer: Pope Pius VII

text: Pope Pius VII

question: When did Napoleon marry Marie Louise?

answer: 1 April 1810

text: 1 April 1810

question: What did Napoleon abolish in Spain in 1813, during his brother's rule there?

answer: the Spanish Inquisition

text: the Spanish Inquisition


text: Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures. Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: Randy

text: Jackson

text: the

text: last

text: remaining

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: judges

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: no

text: longer

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: judge

text: to

text: pursue

text: other

text: business

text: ventures

text: Both

text: judges

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: and

text: Nicki

text: Minaj

text: also

text: decided

text: to

text: leave

text: after

text: one

text: season

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: their

text: music

text: careers

question: Which long time judge decided to leave his position at the end of the season?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: How many seasons was Mariah Carey a judge on American Idol?

answer: one

text: one

question: Who announced this would be his final year as a judge?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: Who were the other judges to leave after this season?

answer: Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj

text: Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj


text: Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, a dispute between strikers and a railway company that ended with the union being ordered to pay £23,000 damages for a strike. The judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. The apparent acquiescence of the Conservative Government of Arthur Balfour to industrial and business interests (traditionally the allies of the Liberal Party in opposition to the Conservative's landed interests) intensified support for the LRC against a government that appeared to have little concern for the industrial proletariat and its problems.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: Support

text: for

text: the

text: LRC

text: was

text: boosted

text: by

text: the

text: Taff

text: Vale

text: Case

text: a

text: dispute

text: between

text: strikers

text: and

text: a

text: railway

text: company

text: that

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: union

text: being

text: ordered

text: to

text: pay

text: damages

text: for

text: a

text: strike

text: The

text: judgement

text: effectively

text: made

text: strikes

text: illegal

text: since

text: employers

text: could

text: recoup

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: lost

text: business

text: from

text: the

text: unions

text: The

text: apparent

text: acquiescence

text: of

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Government

text: of

text: Arthur

text: Balfour

text: to

text: industrial

text: and

text: business

text: interests

text: traditionally

text: the

text: allies

text: of

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: Conservative

text: 's

text: landed

text: interests

text: intensified

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: LRC

text: against

text: a

text: government

text: that

text: appeared

text: to

text: have

text: little

text: concern

text: for

text: the

text: industrial

text: proletariat

text: and

text: its

text: problems

question: What boosted support in 1901?

answer: Taff Vale Case

text: Taff Vale Case

question: What was the Taft Vale Case?

answer: a dispute between strikers and a railway company

text: a dispute between strikers and a railway company

question: From this case, what happened?

answer: made strikes illegal

text: made strikes illegal

question: How much were they ordered to pay in damages for the strike?

answer: £23,000


text: The city's municipal government was dominated by about 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe — in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt, iron and wine. The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people. It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when almost half the townspeople died of plague when the Black Death arrived in the town. In 1491, Cork played a part in the English Wars of the Roses when Perkin Warbeck a pretender to the English throne, landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow Henry VII of England. The then mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. The title of Mayor of Cork was established by royal charter in 1318, and the title was changed to Lord Mayor in 1900 following the knighthood of the incumbent Mayor by Queen Victoria on her Royal visit to the city.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: municipal

text: government

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: about

text: merchant

text: families

text: whose

text: wealth

text: came

text: from

text: overseas

text: trade

text: with

text: continental

text: Europe

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: export

text: of

text: wool

text: and

text: hides

text: and

text: the

text: import

text: of

text: salt

text: iron

text: and

text: wine

text: The

text: medieval

text: population

text: of

text: Cork

text: was

text: about

text: people

text: It

text: suffered

text: a

text: severe

text: blow

text: in

text: when

text: almost

text: half

text: the

text: townspeople

text: died

text: of

text: plague

text: when

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: arrived

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: In

text: Cork

text: played

text: a

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: Roses

text: when

text: Perkin

text: Warbeck

text: a

text: pretender

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: throne

text: landed

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: tried

text: to

text: recruit

text: support

text: for

text: a

text: plot

text: to

text: overthrow

text: Henry

text: VII

text: of

text: England

text: The

text: then

text: mayor

text: of

text: Cork

text: and

text: several

text: important

text: citizens

text: went

text: with

text: Warbeck

text: to

text: England

text: but

text: when

text: the

text: rebellion

text: collapsed

text: they

text: were

text: all

text: captured

text: and

text: executed

text: The

text: title

text: of

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Cork

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: royal

text: charter

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: title

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: knighthood

text: of

text: the

text: incumbent

text: Mayor

text: by

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: on

text: her

text: Royal

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: city

question: Who controlled Cork's municipal government?

answer: 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe

text: 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe

question: How many citizens were origionally in Cork?

answer: about 2,100

text: about 2,100

question: What caused the deaths of half of Cork's citizens?

answer: Black Death

text: Black Death

question: When did the plague hit Cork?

answer: 1349

question: Who tried to recruit citizens of Cork to overthrow Henry VII?

answer: Perkin Warbeck

text: Perkin Warbeck