text: Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented "an almost totally unfavourable picture" of the king; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play. Scott's work influenced the late 19th-century children's writer Howard Pyle's book The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, which in turn established John as the principal villain within the traditional Robin Hood narrative. During the 20th century, John was normally depicted in fictional books and films alongside Robin Hood. Sam De Grasse's role as John in the black-and-white 1922 film version shows John committing numerous atrocities and acts of torture. Claude Rains played John in the 1938 colour version alongside Errol Flynn, starting a trend for films to depict John as an "effeminate ... arrogant and cowardly stay-at-home". The character of John acts either to highlight the virtues of King Richard, or contrasts with the Sheriff of Nottingham, who is usually the "swashbuckling villain" opposing Robin. An extreme version of this trend can be seen in the Disney cartoon version, for example, which depicts John, voiced by Peter Ustinov, as a "cowardly, thumbsucking lion". Popular works that depict John beyond the Robin Hood legends, such as James Goldman's play and later film, The Lion in Winter, set in 1183, commonly present him as an "effete weakling", in this instance contrasted with the more masculine Henry II, or as a tyrant, as in A. A. Milne's poem for children, "King John's Christmas".

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Nineteenth

text: century

text: fictional

text: depictions

text: of

text: John

text: were

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: Sir

text: Walter

text: Scott

text: 's

text: historical

text: romance

text: Ivanhoe

text: which

text: presented

text: an

text: almost

text: totally

text: unfavourable

text: picture

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: the

text: work

text: drew

text: on

text: Victorian

text: histories

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: and

text: on

text: Shakespeare

text: 's

text: play

text: Scott

text: 's

text: work

text: influenced

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: children

text: 's

text: writer

text: Howard

text: Pyle

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Merry

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Robin

text: Hood

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: established

text: John

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: villain

text: within

text: the

text: traditional

text: Robin

text: Hood

text: narrative

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: John

text: was

text: normally

text: depicted

text: in

text: fictional

text: books

text: and

text: films

text: alongside

text: Robin

text: Hood

text: Sam

text: De

text: Grasse

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: John

text: in

text: the

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: film

text: version

text: shows

text: John

text: committing

text: numerous

text: atrocities

text: and

text: acts

text: of

text: torture

text: Claude

text: Rains

text: played

text: John

text: in

text: the

text: colour

text: version

text: alongside

text: Errol

text: Flynn

text: starting

text: a

text: trend

text: for

text: films

text: to

text: depict

text: John

text: as

text: an

text: effeminate

text: arrogant

text: and

text: cowardly

text: stay

text: at

text: home

text: The

text: character

text: of

text: John

text: acts

text: either

text: to

text: highlight

text: the

text: virtues

text: of

text: King

text: Richard

text: or

text: contrasts

text: with

text: the

text: Sheriff

text: of

text: Nottingham

text: who

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: swashbuckling

text: villain

text: opposing

text: Robin

text: An

text: extreme

text: version

text: of

text: this

text: trend

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: Disney

text: cartoon

text: version

text: for

text: example

text: which

text: depicts

text: John

text: voiced

text: by

text: Peter

text: Ustinov

text: as

text: a

text: cowardly

text: thumbsucking

text: lion

text: Popular

text: works

text: that

text: depict

text: John

text: beyond

text: the

text: Robin

text: Hood

text: legends

text: such

text: as

text: James

text: Goldman

text: 's

text: play

text: and

text: later

text: film

text: The

text: Lion

text: in

text: Winter

text: set

text: in

text: commonly

text: present

text: him

text: as

text: an

text: effete

text: weakling

text: in

text: this

text: instance

text: contrasted

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: masculine

text: Henry

text: II

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: tyrant

text: as

text: in

text: A.

text: A.

text: Milne

text: 's

text: poem

text: for

text: children

text: King

text: John

text: 's

text: Christmas

question: What heavily influenced nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John?

answer: Ivanhoe

text: Ivanhoe

question: Who played John in 1938?

answer: Claude Rains

text: Claude Rains

question: Who was John depicted alongside?

answer: Robin Hood

text: Robin Hood


text: Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus'. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn, the other three languages in the East Slavic group. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures, e.g. Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect, although vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, as well as because of later interaction in the 19th–20th centuries, although Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. In the 19th century, the language was often called "Great Russian" to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called "White Russian" and Ukrainian, then called "Little Russian".

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Russian

text: is

text: a

text: Slavic

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: lineal

text: descendant

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: used

text: in

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: From

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

text: its

text: closest

text: relatives

text: are

text: Ukrainian

text: Belarusian

text: and

text: Rusyn

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Slavic

text: group

text: In

text: many

text: places

text: in

text: eastern

text: and

text: southern

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: throughout

text: Belarus

text: these

text: languages

text: are

text: spoken

text: interchangeably

text: and

text: in

text: certain

text: areas

text: traditional

text: bilingualism

text: resulted

text: in

text: language

text: mixtures

text: e.g.

text: Surzhyk

text: in

text: eastern

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Trasianka

text: in

text: Belarus

text: An

text: East

text: Slavic

text: Old

text: Novgorod

text: dialect

text: although

text: vanished

text: during

text: the

text: or

text: century

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: modern

text: Russian

text: Also

text: Russian

text: has

text: notable

text: lexical

text: similarities

text: with

text: Bulgarian

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: common

text: Church

text: Slavonic

text: influence

text: on

text: both

text: languages

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: because

text: of

text: later

text: interaction

text: in

text: the

text: centuries

text: although

text: Bulgarian

text: grammar

text: differs

text: markedly

text: from

text: Russian

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: language

text: was

text: often

text: called

text: Great

text: Russian

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: Belarusian

text: then

text: called

text: White

text: Russian

text: and

text: Ukrainian

text: then

text: called

text: Little

text: Russian

question: What language does Russian descend from?

answer: the language used in Kievan Rus'

text: the language used in Kievan Rus'

question: What are Russian's closest relatives?

answer: Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn

text: Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn

question: Where is Surzhyk used?

answer: eastern Ukraine

text: eastern Ukraine

question: Where is Trasianka used?

answer: Belarus

text: Belarus

question: What was 'Little Russian'?

answer: Ukrainian

text: Ukrainian


text: Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide. The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill). The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them.

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: Genocide

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: official

text: term

text: used

text: in

text: international

text: relations

text: The

text: word

text: genocide

text: was

text: not

text: in

text: use

text: before

text: Before

text: this

text: in

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: described

text: the

text: mass

text: killing

text: of

text: Russian

text: prisoners

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: civilians

text: as

text: a

text: crime

text: without

text: a

text: name

text: In

text: that

text: year

text: a

text: Polish

text: Jewish

text: lawyer

text: named

text: Raphael

text: Lemkin

text: described

text: the

text: policies

text: of

text: systematic

text: murder

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Nazis

text: as

text: genocide

text: The

text: word

text: genocide

text: is

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: prefix

text: geno-

text: meaning

text: tribe

text: or

text: race

text: and

text: caedere

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: for

text: to

text: kill

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: specific

text: set

text: of

text: violent

text: crimes

text: that

text: are

text: committed

text: against

text: a

text: certain

text: group

text: with

text: the

text: attempt

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: entire

text: group

text: from

text: existence

text: or

text: to

text: destroy

text: them

question: When was the word "genocide" first used?

answer: 1944

question: What is the etymology of the term "genocide"?

answer: The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill).

text: The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill).

question: What is the definition of genocide?

answer: a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them

text: a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them

question: Who coined the term "genocide"?

answer: Raphael Lemkin

text: Raphael Lemkin

question: Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941?

answer: Winston Churchill

text: Winston Churchill

question: The word "genocide" was unknown until what year?

answer: 1944

question: In 1941, how did Winston Churchill refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war?

answer: as "a crime without a name"

text: as "a crime without a name"

question: What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who first described Nazi atrocities as "genocide?"

answer: Raphael Lemkin

text: Raphael Lemkin

question: What is the etymological basis of the word "genocide?"

answer: Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)

text: Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)

question: As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide?

answer: to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them

text: to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them


text: Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity. For example, plant phenology can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology, and the biological impact of climate change and global warming. Palynology, the analysis of fossil pollen deposits in sediments from thousands or millions of years ago allows the reconstruction of past climates. Estimates of atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the Palaeozoic have been obtained from stomatal densities and the leaf shapes and sizes of ancient land plants. Ozone depletion can expose plants to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B (UV-B), resulting in lower growth rates. Moreover, information from studies of community ecology, plant systematics, and taxonomy is essential to understanding vegetation change, habitat destruction and species extinction.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Plant

text: responses

text: to

text: climate

text: and

text: other

text: environmental

text: changes

text: can

text: inform

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: how

text: these

text: changes

text: affect

text: ecosystem

text: function

text: and

text: productivity

text: For

text: example

text: plant

text: phenology

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: useful

text: proxy

text: for

text: temperature

text: in

text: historical

text: climatology

text: and

text: the

text: biological

text: impact

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: global

text: warming

text: Palynology

text: the

text: analysis

text: of

text: fossil

text: pollen

text: deposits

text: in

text: sediments

text: from

text: thousands

text: or

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: ago

text: allows

text: the

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: past

text: climates

text: Estimates

text: of

text: atmospheric

text: concentrations

text: since

text: the

text: Palaeozoic

text: have

text: been

text: obtained

text: from

text: stomatal

text: densities

text: and

text: the

text: leaf

text: shapes

text: and

text: sizes

text: of

text: ancient

text: land

text: plants

text: Ozone

text: depletion

text: can

text: expose

text: plants

text: to

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation

text: B

text: UV

text: B

text: resulting

text: in

text: lower

text: growth

text: rates

text: Moreover

text: information

text: from

text: studies

text: of

text: community

text: ecology

text: plant

text: systematics

text: and

text: taxonomy

text: is

text: essential

text: to

text: understanding

text: vegetation

text: change

text: habitat

text: destruction

text: and

text: species

text: extinction

question: How can historical changes in the environment be detected?

answer: plant phenology

text: plant phenology

question: How can climate changes be determined from soil?

answer: fossil pollen deposits in sediments

text: fossil pollen deposits in sediments

question: What atmospheric gas can be determined from fossilized leaf sizes and shapes?

answer: CO2

question: What causes lower growth in plants?

answer: Ozone depletion

text: Ozone depletion

question: What does ozone depletion allow?

answer: higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B

text: higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B


text: Even interpreting the hydrogen data (including safety data) is confounded by a number of phenomena. Many physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio (it often takes days or weeks at a given temperature to reach the equilibrium ratio, for which the data is usually given). Hydrogen detonation parameters, such as critical detonation pressure and temperature, strongly depend on the container geometry.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Even

text: interpreting

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: data

text: including

text: safety

text: data

text: is

text: confounded

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: phenomena

text: Many

text: physical

text: and

text: chemical

text: properties

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: parahydrogen

text: orthohydrogen

text: ratio

text: it

text: often

text: takes

text: days

text: or

text: weeks

text: at

text: a

text: given

text: temperature

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: equilibrium

text: ratio

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: data

text: is

text: usually

text: given

text: Hydrogen

text: detonation

text: parameters

text: such

text: as

text: critical

text: detonation

text: pressure

text: and

text: temperature

text: strongly

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: container

text: geometry

question: What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on?

answer: the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio

text: the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio

question: How long can it take to reach the equilibrium ratio?

answer: days or weeks

text: days or weeks

question: What do Hydrogen detonation parameters depend on?

answer: container geometry

text: container geometry


text: Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: theorists

text: on

text: emotion

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: have

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decade

text: They

text: include

text: Magda

text: B.

text: Arnold

text: an

text: American

text: psychologist

text: who

text: developed

text: the

text: appraisal

text: theory

text: of

text: emotions

text: Richard

text: Lazarus

text: an

text: American

text: psychologist

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: emotion

text: and

text: stress

text: especially

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: cognition

text: Herbert

text: A.

text: Simon

text: who

text: included

text: emotions

text: into

text: decision

text: making

text: and

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: Robert

text: Plutchik

text: an

text: American

text: psychologist

text: who

text: developed

text: a

text: psychoevolutionary

text: theory

text: of

text: emotion

text: Robert

text: Zajonc

text: a

text: Polish

text: American

text: social

text: psychologist

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: social

text: and

text: cognitive

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: social

text: facilitation

text: Robert

text: C.

text: Solomon

text: an

text: American

text: philosopher

text: who

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: theories

text: on

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: emotions

text: with

text: books

text: such

text: as

text: What

text: Is

text: An

text: Emotion

text: Classic

text: and

text: Contemporary

text: Readings

text: Oxford

text: Peter

text: Goldie

text: a

text: British

text: philosopher

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: ethics

text: aesthetics

text: emotion

text: mood

text: and

text: character

text: Nico

text: Frijda

text: a

text: Dutch

text: psychologist

text: who

text: advanced

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: human

text: emotions

text: serve

text: to

text: promote

text: a

text: tendency

text: to

text: undertake

text: actions

text: that

text: are

text: appropriate

text: in

text: the

text: circumstances

text: detailed

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Emotions

question: What theory was developed by Arnold?

answer: the appraisal theory of emotions

text: the appraisal theory of emotions

question: When did Richard Lazarus die?

answer: 2002

question: Who wrote 'What Is An Emotion?'?

answer: Robert C. Solomon

text: Robert C. Solomon

question: Who published What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?

answer: Oxford

text: Oxford

question: What is Nico Frijda's nationality?

answer: Dutch

text: Dutch


text: Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Sentient

text: beings

text: always

text: suffer

text: throughout

text: saṃsāra

text: until

text: they

text: free

text: themselves

text: from

text: this

text: suffering

text: dukkha

text: by

text: attaining

text: Nirvana

text: Then

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Nidāna

text: ignorance

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: others

question: How are sentient beings freed from suffering?

answer: by attaining Nirvana

text: by attaining Nirvana

question: What is the first Nidāna?

answer: ignorance

text: ignorance

question: The absence of ignorance leads to what?

answer: the absence of the others

text: the absence of the others

question: Who always suffers throughout samsara?

answer: Sentient beings

text: Sentient beings

question: What is suffering also called?

answer: dukkha

text: dukkha

question: How do you free yourself of dukkha?

answer: attaining Nirvana

text: attaining Nirvana

question: What is the first Nidana?

answer: ignorance

text: ignorance


text: After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: federal

text: forces

text: remained

text: in

text: Charleston

text: during

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: reconstruction

text: The

text: war

text: had

text: shattered

text: the

text: prosperity

text: of

text: the

text: antebellum

text: city

text: Freed

text: slaves

text: were

text: faced

text: with

text: poverty

text: and

text: discrimination

text: but

text: a

text: large

text: community

text: of

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: had

text: been

text: well

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: postwar

text: Republican

text: Party

text: and

text: its

text: legislators

text: Men

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: comprised

text: of

text: those

text: elected

text: to

text: state

text: and

text: federal

text: office

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: from

text: to

question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?

answer: 26%

question: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston?

answer: postwar Republican Party

text: postwar Republican Party

question: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?

answer: poverty

text: poverty

question: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?

answer: city's reconstruction

text: city's reconstruction

question: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?

answer: Confederacy

text: Confederacy


text: Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and crafts, carpets, and blue pottery are commonly found here. Shopping reflects the colorful culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror work and embroidery. A Rajasthani traditional dress for females comprises an ankle-length skirt and a short top, also known as a lehenga or a chaniya choli. A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both for protection from heat and maintenance of modesty. Rajasthani dresses are usually designed in bright colors like blue, yellow and orange.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: Rajasthan

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: traditional

text: colorful

text: art

text: The

text: block

text: prints

text: tie

text: and

text: dye

text: prints

text: Bagaru

text: prints

text: Sanganer

text: prints

text: and

text: Zari

text: embroidery

text: are

text: major

text: export

text: products

text: from

text: Rajasthan

text: Handicraft

text: items

text: like

text: wooden

text: furniture

text: and

text: crafts

text: carpets

text: and

text: blue

text: pottery

text: are

text: commonly

text: found

text: here

text: Shopping

text: reflects

text: the

text: colorful

text: culture

text: Rajasthani

text: clothes

text: have

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: mirror

text: work

text: and

text: embroidery

text: A

text: Rajasthani

text: traditional

text: dress

text: for

text: females

text: comprises

text: an

text: ankle

text: length

text: skirt

text: and

text: a

text: short

text: top

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: lehenga

text: or

text: a

text: chaniya

text: choli

text: A

text: piece

text: of

text: cloth

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: cover

text: the

text: head

text: both

text: for

text: protection

text: from

text: heat

text: and

text: maintenance

text: of

text: modesty

text: Rajasthani

text: dresses

text: are

text: usually

text: designed

text: in

text: bright

text: colors

text: like

text: blue

text: yellow

text: and

text: orange

question: Bagaru and Sanganer represent what type of art?

answer: prints

text: prints

question: Zari is a type of what art that is a major Rajasthani export?

answer: embroidery

text: embroidery

question: Females in Rajasthan wear what type of traditional clothing?

answer: ankle-length skirt and a short top

text: ankle-length skirt and a short top

question: What are the names for a traditional female short-top piece of clothing?

answer: lehenga or a chaniya choli

text: lehenga or a chaniya choli

question: What colors are dresses in Rajasthan typically made using?

answer: bright colors like blue, yellow and orange

text: bright colors like blue, yellow and orange


text: Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable to physical damage caused by malicious commands sent to industrial equipment (in that case uranium enrichment centrifuges) which are infected via removable media. In 2014, the Computer Emergency Readiness Team, a division of the Department of Homeland Security, investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: Computers

text: control

text: functions

text: at

text: many

text: utilities

text: including

text: coordination

text: of

text: telecommunications

text: the

text: power

text: grid

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plants

text: and

text: valve

text: opening

text: and

text: closing

text: in

text: water

text: and

text: gas

text: networks

text: The

text: Internet

text: is

text: a

text: potential

text: attack

text: vector

text: for

text: such

text: machines

text: if

text: connected

text: but

text: the

text: Stuxnet

text: worm

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: even

text: equipment

text: controlled

text: by

text: computers

text: not

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: can

text: be

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: physical

text: damage

text: caused

text: by

text: malicious

text: commands

text: sent

text: to

text: industrial

text: equipment

text: in

text: that

text: case

text: uranium

text: enrichment

text: centrifuges

text: which

text: are

text: infected

text: via

text: removable

text: media

text: In

text: the

text: Computer

text: Emergency

text: Readiness

text: Team

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Homeland

text: Security

text: investigated

text: hacking

text: incidents

text: at

text: energy

text: companies

question: What is a potential attack vector for utilities such as the power grid?

answer: The Internet

text: The Internet

question: What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?

answer: the Stuxnet worm

text: the Stuxnet worm

question: When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies?

answer: 2014

question: What department does the Computer Emergency Readiness Team belong to?

answer: the Department of Homeland Security

text: the Department of Homeland Security

question: How did the Stuxnet worm infect industrial equipment?

answer: via removable media

text: via removable media


text: As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign. Targets included the AFA (Stöcken), the Deurag-Nerag refinery (Misburg), the Continental plants (Vahrenwald and Limmer), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the Hanomag factory (Linden) and the tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt). Forced labourers were sometimes used from the Hannover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: As

text: an

text: important

text: railroad

text: and

text: road

text: junction

text: and

text: production

text: center

text: Hanover

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: target

text: for

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: including

text: the

text: Oil

text: Campaign

text: Targets

text: included

text: the

text: AFA

text: Stöcken

text: the

text: Deurag

text: Nerag

text: refinery

text: Misburg

text: the

text: Continental

text: plants

text: Vahrenwald

text: and

text: Limmer

text: the

text: United

text: light

text: metal

text: works

text: VLW

text: in

text: Ricklingen

text: and

text: Laatzen

text: today

text: Hanover

text: fairground

text: the

text: Hanover

text: Limmer

text: rubber

text: reclamation

text: plant

text: the

text: Hanomag

text: factory

text: Linden

text: and

text: the

text: tank

text: factory

text: M.N.H.

text: Maschinenfabrik

text: Niedersachsen

text: Badenstedt

text: Forced

text: labourers

text: were

text: sometimes

text: used

text: from

text: the

text: Hannover

text: Misburg

text: subcamp

text: of

text: the

text: Neuengamme

text: concentration

text: camp

text: Residential

text: areas

text: were

text: also

text: targeted

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: civilians

text: were

text: killed

text: by

text: the

text: Allied

text: bombing

text: raids

text: More

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: was

text: destroyed

text: in

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: bombing

text: raids

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: Aegidienkirche

text: was

text: not

text: rebuilt

text: and

text: its

text: ruins

text: were

text: left

text: as

text: a

text: war

text: memorial

question: Other than for railroads and road junction, what did Hanover have that made it a major target?

answer: production center

text: production center

question: Which campaign specifically was Hanover a target for in World War II?

answer: Oil Campaign

text: Oil Campaign

question: What does VLW stand for?

answer: United light metal works

text: United light metal works

question: How many civilians were killed in the Allied bombing raids in World War II?

answer: more than 6,000

text: more than 6,000

question: How many bombing raids were there during World War II?

answer: 88


text: In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting in Lockett regaining consciousness, trying to get up, and to speak, before dying of a heart attack 43 minutes later, after the attempted execution had been called off. In 2015, the state approved nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: May

text: Oklahoma

text: Director

text: of

text: Corrections

text: Robert

text: Patton

text: recommended

text: an

text: indefinite

text: hold

text: on

text: executions

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: the

text: botched

text: execution

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: Clayton

text: Lockett

text: The

text: prisoner

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: tasered

text: to

text: restrain

text: him

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: execution

text: and

text: the

text: lethal

text: injection

text: missed

text: a

text: vein

text: in

text: his

text: groin

text: resulting

text: in

text: Lockett

text: regaining

text: consciousness

text: trying

text: to

text: get

text: up

text: and

text: to

text: speak

text: before

text: dying

text: of

text: a

text: heart

text: attack

text: minutes

text: later

text: after

text: the

text: attempted

text: execution

text: had

text: been

text: called

text: off

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: approved

text: nitrogen

text: asphyxiation

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: execution

question: What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014?

answer: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

question: As of May 2014, what was Robert Patton's job title?

answer: Director of Corrections

text: Director of Corrections

question: What race was Clayton Lockett?

answer: African-American

text: African-American

question: What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for executions in 2015?

answer: nitrogen

text: nitrogen

question: What was Clayton Lockett's cause of death?

answer: heart attack

text: heart attack


text: The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully informed of the magnificence of the country and its riches in gold, gems and pearls. However, Alexander had to encounter and reduce the tribes on the border of Punjab before entering the luxuriant plains. Having taken a northeasterly direction, he marched against the Aspii (mountaineers), who offered vigorous resistance, but were subdued.[citation needed] Alexander then marched through Ghazni, blockaded Magassa, and then marched to Ora and Bazira. Turning to the northeast, Alexander marched to Pucela, the capital of the district now known as Pakhli. He entered Western Punjab, where the ancient city of Nysa (at the site of modern-day Mong) was situated. A coalition was formed against Alexander by the Cathians, the people of Multan, who were very skilful in war. Alexander invested many troops, eventually killing seventeen thousand Cathians in this battle, and the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot) was razed to the ground. Alexander left Punjab in 326 B.C. and took his army to the heartlands of his empire.[citation needed]

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: The

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Asia

text: including

text: Punjab

text: was

text: repeatedly

text: invaded

text: or

text: conquered

text: by

text: various

text: foreign

text: empires

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Tamerlane

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: and

text: Genghis

text: Khan

text: Having

text: conquered

text: Drangiana

text: Arachosia

text: Gedrosia

text: and

text: Seistan

text: in

text: ten

text: days

text: Alexander

text: crossed

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: and

text: was

text: thus

text: fully

text: informed

text: of

text: the

text: magnificence

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: its

text: riches

text: in

text: gold

text: gems

text: and

text: pearls

text: However

text: Alexander

text: had

text: to

text: encounter

text: and

text: reduce

text: the

text: tribes

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: Punjab

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: luxuriant

text: plains

text: Having

text: taken

text: a

text: northeasterly

text: direction

text: he

text: marched

text: against

text: the

text: Aspii

text: mountaineers

text: who

text: offered

text: vigorous

text: resistance

text: but

text: were

text: subdued.[citation

text: needed

text: Alexander

text: then

text: marched

text: through

text: Ghazni

text: blockaded

text: Magassa

text: and

text: then

text: marched

text: to

text: Ora

text: and

text: Bazira

text: Turning

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Alexander

text: marched

text: to

text: Pucela

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Pakhli

text: He

text: entered

text: Western

text: Punjab

text: where

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Nysa

text: at

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Mong

text: was

text: situated

text: A

text: coalition

text: was

text: formed

text: against

text: Alexander

text: by

text: the

text: Cathians

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Multan

text: who

text: were

text: very

text: skilful

text: in

text: war

text: Alexander

text: invested

text: many

text: troops

text: eventually

text: killing

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: Cathians

text: in

text: this

text: battle

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Sagala

text: present

text: day

text: Sialkot

text: was

text: razed

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: Alexander

text: left

text: Punjab

text: in

text: B.C.

text: and

text: took

text: his

text: army

text: to

text: the

text: heartlands

text: of

text: his

text: empire.[citation

text: needed

question: Where did Alexander the Great conquer in 10 days?

answer: Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan

text: Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan

question: From which direction did Alexander enter Punjab?

answer: northeasterly

text: northeasterly

question: What wealth did Alexander hope to find?

answer: riches in gold, gems and pearls

text: riches in gold, gems and pearls

question: Who were the Aspii?

answer: mountaineers

text: mountaineers

question: Who were the Cathians?

answer: the people of Multan

text: the people of Multan


text: The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: The

text: Federation

text: of

text: International

text: Gymnastics

text: FIG

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Liege

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: men

text: 's

text: gymnastics

text: competition

text: was

text: popular

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: in

text: From

text: then

text: on

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: both

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: competitions

text: involved

text: a

text: changing

text: variety

text: of

text: exercises

text: gathered

text: under

text: the

text: rubric

text: gymnastics

text: that

text: would

text: seem

text: strange

text: to

text: today

text: 's

text: audiences

text: and

text: that

text: included

text: for

text: example

text: synchronized

text: team

text: floor

text: calisthenics

text: rope

text: climbing

text: high

text: jumping

text: running

text: and

text: horizontal

text: ladder

text: During

text: the

text: women

text: organized

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: gymnastics

text: events

text: The

text: first

text: women

text: 's

text: Olympic

text: competition

text: was

text: primitive

text: only

text: involving

text: synchronized

text: calisthenics

text: and

text: track

text: and

text: field

text: These

text: games

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: in

text: Amsterdam

question: Where was the FIG founded?

answer: Liege

text: Liege

question: What year was FIG founded?

answer: 1881

question: When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?

answer: 1896

question: When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?

answer: 1928

question: Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?

answer: in Amsterdam

text: in Amsterdam


text: Thomas Jefferson observed a tendency for "The functionaries of every government ... to command at will the liberty and property of their constituents. There is no safe deposit [for liberty and property] ... without information. Where the press is free, and every man able to read, all is safe."

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: observed

text: a

text: tendency

text: for

text: The

text: functionaries

text: of

text: every

text: government

text: to

text: command

text: at

text: will

text: the

text: liberty

text: and

text: property

text: of

text: their

text: constituents

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: safe

text: deposit

text: for

text: liberty

text: and

text: property

text: without

text: information

text: Where

text: the

text: press

text: is

text: free

text: and

text: every

text: man

text: able

text: to

text: read

text: all

text: is

text: safe

question: According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what?

answer: safe

text: safe


text: Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in rainfall during June and early July. Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years. Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and high temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C). Average precipitation rises again from September to mid-October, representing a secondary wetter season, then declines from late October through December.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Over

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: winter

text: is

text: the

text: driest

text: season

text: Average

text: monthly

text: precipitation

text: increases

text: dramatically

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: to

text: a

text: peak

text: in

text: May

text: the

text: wettest

text: month

text: over

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: with

text: its

text: frequent

text: and

text: not

text: uncommonly

text: severe

text: thunderstorm

text: activity

text: Early

text: June

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: wet

text: but

text: most

text: years

text: see

text: a

text: marked

text: decrease

text: in

text: rainfall

text: during

text: June

text: and

text: early

text: July

text: Mid

text: summer

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: represents

text: a

text: secondary

text: dry

text: season

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: with

text: long

text: stretches

text: of

text: hot

text: weather

text: with

text: only

text: sporadic

text: thunderstorm

text: activity

text: not

text: uncommon

text: many

text: years

text: Severe

text: drought

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: hottest

text: summers

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: featured

text: weeks

text: on

text: end

text: of

text: virtual

text: rainlessness

text: and

text: high

text: temperatures

text: well

text: over

text: F

text: C

text: Average

text: precipitation

text: rises

text: again

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: mid

text: October

text: representing

text: a

text: secondary

text: wetter

text: season

text: then

text: declines

text: from

text: late

text: October

text: through

text: December

question: Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: When does Oklahoma get the most rain?

answer: May

text: May

question: When is the second-driest season in Oklahoma?

answer: Mid-summer

text: Mid-summer

question: What years were Oklahoma's hottest summers?

answer: 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011

text: 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011

question: How hot were Oklahoma's hottest summers?

answer: well over 100 °F

text: well over 100 °F


text: In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: In

text: February

text: he

text: received

text: news

text: from

text: his

text: sisters

text: that

text: his

text: mother

text: was

text: dying

text: On

text: February

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: XI

text: died

text: Roncalli

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: see

text: his

text: mother

text: for

text: the

text: end

text: as

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: a

text: pontiff

text: meant

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: stay

text: at

text: his

text: post

text: until

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: pontiff

text: Unfortunately

text: she

text: died

text: on

text: February

text: during

text: the

text: nine

text: days

text: of

text: mourning

text: for

text: the

text: late

text: Pius

text: XI

text: He

text: was

text: sent

text: a

text: letter

text: by

text: Cardinal

text: Eugenio

text: Pacelli

text: and

text: Roncalli

text: later

text: recalled

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: probably

text: the

text: last

text: letter

text: Pacelli

text: sent

text: until

text: his

text: election

text: as

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: XII

text: on

text: March

text: Roncalli

text: expressed

text: happiness

text: that

text: Pacelli

text: was

text: elected

text: and

text: on

text: radio

text: listened

text: to

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: pontiff

question: When did he hear that his mother was dying?

answer: February 1939

text: February 1939

question: When did Pope Pius XI die?

answer: 10 February 1939

text: 10 February 1939

question: When did his mother die?

answer: 20 February 1939

text: 20 February 1939

question: Who sent him the letter informing him of his mother's death?

answer: Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli

text: Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli

question: When was Pope Pius XII elected?

answer: 2 March 1939

text: 2 March 1939


text: The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: liberation

text: nirvāṇa)—the

text: goal

text: of

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: path

text: is

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: overcoming

text: ignorance

text: avidyā

text: a

text: fundamental

text: misunderstanding

text: or

text: mis

text: perception

text: of

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: reality

text: In

text: awakening

text: to

text: the

text: true

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: self

text: and

text: all

text: phenomena

text: one

text: develops

text: dispassion

text: for

text: the

text: objects

text: of

text: clinging

text: and

text: is

text: liberated

text: from

text: suffering

text: dukkha

text: and

text: the

text: cycle

text: of

text: incessant

text: rebirths

text: saṃsāra

text: To

text: this

text: end

text: the

text: Buddha

text: recommended

text: viewing

text: things

text: as

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: three

text: marks

text: of

text: existence

question: What is the goal of the Buddhist path?

answer: liberation

text: liberation

question: Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from?

answer: suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)

text: suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)

question: Liberation is know as what?

answer: nirvāṇa

text: nirvāṇa

question: What is the goal of the buddhist path?

answer: nirvāṇa

text: nirvāṇa

question: In awakening to the true nature of the self, one no longer care about what?

answer: objects

text: objects

question: Buddha recommended viewing thing by how many marks of existence?

answer: three

text: three


text: Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Much

text: of

text: mandolin

text: development

text: revolved

text: around

text: the

text: soundboard

text: the

text: top

text: Pre

text: mandolin

text: instruments

text: were

text: quiet

text: instruments

text: strung

text: with

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: six

text: courses

text: of

text: gut

text: strings

text: and

text: were

text: plucked

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: or

text: with

text: a

text: quill

text: However

text: modern

text: instruments

text: are

text: louder

text: using

text: four

text: courses

text: of

text: metal

text: strings

text: which

text: exert

text: more

text: pressure

text: than

text: the

text: gut

text: strings

text: The

text: modern

text: soundboard

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: withstand

text: the

text: pressure

text: of

text: metal

text: strings

text: that

text: would

text: break

text: earlier

text: instruments

text: The

text: soundboard

text: comes

text: in

text: many

text: shapes

text: but

text: generally

text: round

text: or

text: teardrop

text: shaped

text: sometimes

text: with

text: scrolls

text: or

text: other

text: projections

text: There

text: is

text: usually

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: sound

text: holes

text: in

text: the

text: soundboard

text: either

text: round

text: oval

text: or

text: shaped

text: like

text: a

text: calligraphic

text: F

text: f

text: hole

text: A

text: round

text: or

text: oval

text: sound

text: hole

text: may

text: be

text: covered

text: or

text: bordered

text: with

text: decorative

text: rosettes

text: or

text: purfling

question: What did most of the development of the mandolin revolve around?

answer: soundboard (the top)

text: soundboard (the top)

question: Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments?

answer: quiet instruments

text: quiet instruments

question: What are modern mandolins' strings made of?

answer: four courses of metal strings,

text: four courses of metal strings,

question: What is the most common soundboard shape?

answer: generally round or teardrop-shaped

text: generally round or teardrop-shaped

question: What are the sound holes covered with?

answer: bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling

text: bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling


text: After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical physics from 1945 to 1950. During a temporary depression following the destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb produced by the Manhattan Project, he focused on complex physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction. One of these was analyzing the physics of a twirling, nutating dish as it is moving through the air. His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: Feynman

text: declined

text: an

text: offer

text: from

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Study

text: in

text: Princeton

text: New

text: Jersey

text: despite

text: the

text: presence

text: there

text: of

text: such

text: distinguished

text: faculty

text: members

text: as

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: Kurt

text: Gödel

text: and

text: John

text: von

text: Neumann

text: Feynman

text: followed

text: Hans

text: Bethe

text: instead

text: to

text: Cornell

text: University

text: where

text: Feynman

text: taught

text: theoretical

text: physics

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: a

text: temporary

text: depression

text: following

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: by

text: the

text: bomb

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: Manhattan

text: Project

text: he

text: focused

text: on

text: complex

text: physics

text: problems

text: not

text: for

text: utility

text: but

text: for

text: self

text: satisfaction

text: One

text: of

text: these

text: was

text: analyzing

text: the

text: physics

text: of

text: a

text: twirling

text: nutating

text: dish

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: moving

text: through

text: the

text: air

text: His

text: work

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: which

text: used

text: equations

text: of

text: rotation

text: to

text: express

text: various

text: spinning

text: speeds

text: proved

text: important

text: to

text: his

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: winning

text: work

text: yet

text: because

text: he

text: felt

text: burned

text: out

text: and

text: had

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: to

text: less

text: immediately

text: practical

text: problems

text: he

text: was

text: surprised

text: by

text: the

text: offers

text: of

text: professorships

text: from

text: other

text: renowned

text: universities

question: At which college did Feyman turn down a job?

answer: Institute for Advanced Study

text: Institute for Advanced Study

question: Where did Feyman accept a job after the war?

answer: Cornell University

text: Cornell University

question: Which colleague did Feynman follow to Cornell?

answer: Hans Bethe

text: Hans Bethe

question: His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what?

answer: Nobel Prize–winning work

text: Nobel Prize–winning work

question: Why did Feynman go through a depression?

answer: destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb

text: destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb


text: All Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The "Five solae" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: All

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: reject

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: papal

text: supremacy

text: over

text: the

text: Church

text: universal

text: and

text: generally

text: deny

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: doctrine

text: of

text: transubstantiation

text: but

text: they

text: disagree

text: among

text: themselves

text: regarding

text: the

text: real

text: presence

text: of

text: Christ

text: in

text: the

text: Eucharist

text: The

text: various

text: denominations

text: generally

text: emphasize

text: the

text: priesthood

text: of

text: all

text: believers

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: justification

text: by

text: faith

text: alone

text: sola

text: fide

text: rather

text: than

text: by

text: or

text: with

text: good

text: works

text: and

text: a

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: alone

text: rather

text: than

text: with

text: Catholic

text: tradition

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: authority

text: in

text: matters

text: of

text: faith

text: and

text: morals

text: sola

text: scriptura

text: The

text: Five

text: solae

text: summarize

text: the

text: reformers

text: basic

text: differences

text: in

text: theological

text: beliefs

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: day

question: What do all Protestantism denominations reject?

answer: the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal

text: the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal

question: What Catholic doctrine is usually denied in Protestantism?

answer: transubstantiation,

text: transubstantiation,

question: What is the term to describe using only faith for justification?

answer: sola fide

text: sola fide

question: What is the highest authority in Protestantism for morals?

answer: the Bible

text: the Bible

question: What is the term to describe the differences between Protestantism and Catholicism?

answer: Five solae

text: Five solae


text: In Andorra, Catalan has always been the sole official language. Since the promulgation of the 1993 constitution, several Andorranization policies have been enforced, like Catalan medium education.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: Andorra

text: Catalan

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: the

text: sole

text: official

text: language

text: Since

text: the

text: promulgation

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: several

text: Andorranization

text: policies

text: have

text: been

text: enforced

text: like

text: Catalan

text: medium

text: education

question: Where has Catalan always been the only language?

answer: Andorra

text: Andorra

question: When was the Andorran constitution produced?

answer: 1993

question: What policies are the Andorrans enforcing?

answer: Andorranization policies

text: Andorranization policies

question: What is an Andorran school policy?

answer: Catalan medium education

text: Catalan medium education

question: What is the only language of Andorra?

answer: Catalan

text: Catalan


text: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna. The Everglades, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: Extended

text: systems

text: of

text: underwater

text: caves

text: sinkholes

text: and

text: springs

text: are

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: supply

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: used

text: by

text: residents

text: The

text: limestone

text: is

text: topped

text: with

text: sandy

text: soils

text: deposited

text: as

text: ancient

text: beaches

text: over

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: global

text: sea

text: levels

text: rose

text: and

text: fell

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: glacial

text: period

text: lower

text: sea

text: levels

text: and

text: a

text: drier

text: climate

text: revealed

text: a

text: much

text: wider

text: peninsula

text: largely

text: savanna

text: The

text: Everglades

text: an

text: enormously

text: wide

text: slow

text: flowing

text: river

text: encompasses

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: Sinkhole

text: damage

text: claims

text: on

text: property

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: exceeded

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: billion

text: from

text: through

question: What is found in Florida

answer: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs

text: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs

question: What did the last glacial period provide

answer: lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.

text: lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.

question: What are the Everglades

answer: an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula

text: an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula

question: How much sink hole damage did Florida suffer recently

answer: Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010

text: Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010


text: Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events. Full costume is worn, complete with make-up and body paint/adornment. Usually "Mas Boots" that complement the costumes are worn. Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contains various sections (some consisting of thousands of revelers) that reflect these themes. The street parade and band costume competition take place. The mas bands eventually converge on the Queen's Park Savannah to pass on "The Stage" for judging. The singer of the most played song is crowned Road March King or Queen earning prize money and usually a vehicle.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Carnival

text: Tuesday

text: hosts

text: the

text: main

text: events

text: Full

text: costume

text: is

text: worn

text: complete

text: with

text: make

text: up

text: and

text: body

text: paint

text: adornment

text: Usually

text: Mas

text: Boots

text: that

text: complement

text: the

text: costumes

text: are

text: worn

text: Each

text: band

text: has

text: their

text: costume

text: presentation

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: particular

text: theme

text: and

text: contains

text: various

text: sections

text: some

text: consisting

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: revelers

text: that

text: reflect

text: these

text: themes

text: The

text: street

text: parade

text: and

text: band

text: costume

text: competition

text: take

text: place

text: The

text: mas

text: bands

text: eventually

text: converge

text: on

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Park

text: Savannah

text: to

text: pass

text: on

text: The

text: Stage

text: for

text: judging

text: The

text: singer

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: played

text: song

text: is

text: crowned

text: Road

text: March

text: King

text: or

text: Queen

text: earning

text: prize

text: money

text: and

text: usually

text: a

text: vehicle

question: On what day is full costume worn?

answer: Carnival Tuesday

text: Carnival Tuesday

question: What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes?

answer: "Mas Boots"

text: "Mas Boots"

question: What does each band base their costume presentation on?

answer: theme

text: theme

question: What do the mas bands eventually converge on?

answer: the Queen's Park Savannah

text: the Queen's Park Savannah

question: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?

answer: The singer of the most played song

text: The singer of the most played song


text: There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.11.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: living

text: with

text: them

text: were

text: married

text: couples

text: living

text: together

text: had

text: a

text: female

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: husband

text: present

text: and

text: were

text: non

text: families

text: One

text: person

text: households

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: and

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: had

text: someone

text: living

text: alone

text: who

text: is

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: average

text: household

text: size

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: family

text: size

text: was

question: How many households were in Oklahoma city?

answer: 230,233

question: What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?

answer: married couples

text: married couples

question: What is the average size for households?

answer: 2.47

question: What is the average size for families?

answer: 3.11

question: What is the second highest demographic for households?

answer: non-families

text: non-families


text: Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown).

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Electricity

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: Metro

text: area

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: Dominion

text: Virginia

text: Power

text: The

text: company

text: based

text: in

text: Richmond

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: producers

text: of

text: energy

text: serving

text: retail

text: energy

text: customers

text: in

text: nine

text: states

text: Electricity

text: is

text: provided

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: area

text: primarily

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Anna

text: Nuclear

text: Generating

text: Station

text: and

text: Surry

text: Nuclear

text: Generating

text: Station

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: coal

text: fired

text: station

text: in

text: Chester

text: Virginia

text: These

text: three

text: plants

text: provide

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: megawatts

text: of

text: power

text: Several

text: other

text: natural

text: gas

text: plants

text: provide

text: extra

text: power

text: during

text: times

text: of

text: peak

text: demand

text: These

text: include

text: facilities

text: in

text: Chester

text: and

text: Surry

text: and

text: two

text: plants

text: in

text: Richmond

text: Gravel

text: Neck

text: and

text: Darbytown

question: Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?

answer: Dominion Virginia Power

text: Dominion Virginia Power

question: How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?

answer: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station

text: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station

question: In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located?

answer: Chester

text: Chester

question: What type of power plant is Darbytown?

answer: natural gas

text: natural gas


text: Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story". The latter included a synopsized adaptation of his story that Twain stated had appeared, unattributed to Twain, in a Professor Sidgwick’s Greek Prose Composition (p. 116) under the title, "The Athenian and the Frog"; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's "Jumping Frog" story.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Mark

text: Twain

text: provided

text: humorously

text: telling

text: evidence

text: for

text: the

text: frequent

text: unreliability

text: of

text: back

text: translation

text: when

text: he

text: issued

text: his

text: own

text: back

text: translation

text: of

text: a

text: French

text: translation

text: of

text: his

text: short

text: story

text: The

text: Celebrated

text: Jumping

text: Frog

text: of

text: Calaveras

text: County

text: He

text: published

text: his

text: back

text: translation

text: in

text: a

text: volume

text: together

text: with

text: his

text: English

text: language

text: original

text: the

text: French

text: translation

text: and

text: a

text: Private

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Jumping

text: Frog

text: Story

text: The

text: latter

text: included

text: a

text: synopsized

text: adaptation

text: of

text: his

text: story

text: that

text: Twain

text: stated

text: had

text: appeared

text: unattributed

text: to

text: Twain

text: in

text: a

text: Professor

text: Sidgwick

text: ’s

text: Greek

text: Prose

text: Composition

text: p.

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: The

text: Athenian

text: and

text: the

text: Frog

text: the

text: adaptation

text: had

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: been

text: taken

text: for

text: an

text: independent

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: precursor

text: to

text: Twain

text: 's

text: Jumping

text: Frog

text: story

question: Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation?

answer: Mark Twain

text: Mark Twain

question: When was Twain's back-translation published?

answer: 1903

question: For what language did Twain create a back-translation?

answer: French

text: French

question: What include a synopsized adaptation of Twain's story?

answer: "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story"

text: "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story"

question: What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story?

answer: "The Athenian and the Frog"

text: "The Athenian and the Frog"


text: Proto-Slavic, the supposed ancestor language of all Slavic languages, is a descendant of common Proto-Indo-European, via a Balto-Slavic stage in which it developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with the Baltic languages. In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations [from the steppe] became speakers of Balto-Slavic".

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Proto

text: Slavic

text: the

text: supposed

text: ancestor

text: language

text: of

text: all

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: is

text: a

text: descendant

text: of

text: common

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: via

text: a

text: Balto

text: Slavic

text: stage

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: developed

text: numerous

text: lexical

text: and

text: morphophonological

text: isoglosses

text: with

text: the

text: Baltic

text: languages

text: In

text: the

text: framework

text: of

text: the

text: Kurgan

text: hypothesis

text: the

text: Indo

text: Europeans

text: who

text: remained

text: after

text: the

text: migrations

text: from

text: the

text: steppe

text: became

text: speakers

text: of

text: Balto

text: Slavic

question: What is the supposed ancestor of all Slavic languages?

answer: Proto-Slavic

text: Proto-Slavic

question: Proto-Slavic developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with what languages?

answer: Baltic languages

text: Baltic languages

question: The Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations became speakers of what?

answer: Balto-Slavic

text: Balto-Slavic

question: Who became speakers of Balto-Slavic?

answer: Indo-Europeans

text: Indo-Europeans

question: Proto-Slavic is a descendant of what?

answer: Proto-Indo-European

text: Proto-Indo-European


text: Behind the scenes, the bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, or those the bookers believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership. Lower ranked titles may also be used on the performers who show potential, thus allowing them greater exposure to the audience. However other circumstances may also determine the use of a championship. A combination of a championship's lineage, the caliber of performers as champion, and the frequency and manner of title changes, dictates the audience's perception of the title's quality, significance and reputation.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Behind

text: the

text: scenes

text: the

text: bookers

text: in

text: a

text: company

text: will

text: place

text: the

text: title

text: on

text: the

text: most

text: accomplished

text: performer

text: or

text: those

text: the

text: bookers

text: believe

text: will

text: generate

text: fan

text: interest

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: event

text: attendance

text: and

text: television

text: viewership

text: Lower

text: ranked

text: titles

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: performers

text: who

text: show

text: potential

text: thus

text: allowing

text: them

text: greater

text: exposure

text: to

text: the

text: audience

text: However

text: other

text: circumstances

text: may

text: also

text: determine

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: championship

text: A

text: combination

text: of

text: a

text: championship

text: 's

text: lineage

text: the

text: caliber

text: of

text: performers

text: as

text: champion

text: and

text: the

text: frequency

text: and

text: manner

text: of

text: title

text: changes

text: dictates

text: the

text: audience

text: 's

text: perception

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: 's

text: quality

text: significance

text: and

text: reputation

question: What happens behind the scenes of a match?

answer: bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer,

text: bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer,

question: Who else do bookers focus on?

answer: those the bookers believe will generate fan interest

text: those the bookers believe will generate fan interest

question: Who might they use a lower ranked title on?

answer: performers who show potential

text: performers who show potential


text: From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individuals. Brazil has the largest population of Afro-descendants outside of Africa. In contrast to the US, during the slavery period and after, the Portuguese colonial government and later Brazilian government did not pass formal anti-miscegenation or segregation laws. As in other Latin countries, intermarriage was prevalent during the colonial period and continued afterward. In addition, people of mixed race (pardo) often tended to marry white, and their descendants became accepted as white. As a result, some of the European descended population also has West African or Amerindian blood. According to the last census of the 20th century, in which Brazilians could choose from five color/ethnic categories with which they identified, 54% of individuals identified as white, 6.2% identified as black, and 39.5% identified as pardo (brown) — a broad multi-racial category, including tri-racial persons.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: From

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: captives

text: were

text: forcibly

text: shipped

text: from

text: West

text: Central

text: Africa

text: to

text: Brazil

text: the

text: territory

text: received

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: slaves

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Scholars

text: estimate

text: that

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: population

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part

text: descended

text: from

text: these

text: individuals

text: Brazil

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: of

text: Afro

text: descendants

text: outside

text: of

text: Africa

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: during

text: the

text: slavery

text: period

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: colonial

text: government

text: and

text: later

text: Brazilian

text: government

text: did

text: not

text: pass

text: formal

text: anti

text: miscegenation

text: or

text: segregation

text: laws

text: As

text: in

text: other

text: Latin

text: countries

text: intermarriage

text: was

text: prevalent

text: during

text: the

text: colonial

text: period

text: and

text: continued

text: afterward

text: In

text: addition

text: people

text: of

text: mixed

text: race

text: pardo

text: often

text: tended

text: to

text: marry

text: white

text: and

text: their

text: descendants

text: became

text: accepted

text: as

text: white

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: descended

text: population

text: also

text: has

text: West

text: African

text: or

text: Amerindian

text: blood

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: census

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: which

text: Brazilians

text: could

text: choose

text: from

text: five

text: color

text: ethnic

text: categories

text: with

text: which

text: they

text: identified

text: of

text: individuals

text: identified

text: as

text: white

text: identified

text: as

text: black

text: and

text: identified

text: as

text: pardo

text: brown

text: a

text: broad

text: multi

text: racial

text: category

text: including

text: tri

text: racial

text: persons

question: How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850?

answer: estimated 3.5 million

text: estimated 3.5 million

question: How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery?

answer: more than half

text: more than half

question: Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of?

answer: Afro-descendants

text: Afro-descendants

question: What was not passed in Brazil during slavery?

answer: segregation laws

text: segregation laws

question: What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery?

answer: intermarriage

text: intermarriage


text: NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: second

text: satellite

text: was

text: built

text: as

text: a

text: high

text: resolution

text: earth

text: satellite

text: by

text: Surrey

text: Space

text: Technology

text: Limited

text: a

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: based

text: satellite

text: technology

text: company

text: It

text: has

text: resolution

text: panchromatic

text: very

text: high

text: resolution

text: multispectral

text: high

text: resolution

text: NIR

text: red

text: green

text: and

text: red

text: bands

text: and

text: multispectral

text: medium

text: resolution

text: NIR

text: red

text: green

text: and

text: red

text: bands

text: antennas

text: with

text: a

text: ground

text: receiving

text: station

text: in

text: Abuja

text: The

text: spacecraft

text: alone

text: was

text: built

text: at

text: a

text: cost

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: This

text: satellite

text: was

text: launched

text: into

text: orbit

text: from

text: a

text: military

text: base

text: in

text: China

question: What was Nigeria's second satellite called?

answer: NigeriaSat-2

question: Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite?

answer: Surrey Space Technology Limited

text: Surrey Space Technology Limited

question: Where was Nigeria's second satellite manufactured?

answer: United Kingdom

text: United Kingdom

question: Where is Nigeria's second satellite's ground receiving station?

answer: Abuja

text: Abuja

question: Where was Nigeria's second satellite launched?

answer: China

text: China


text: In Europe and Australia, the system was released to two separate marketing regions. One region consisted of most of mainland Europe (excluding Italy), and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies, with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases. Most of this region saw a 1986 release. Mattel handled distribution for the other region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Italy, Australia and New Zealand, starting the following year. Not until the 1990s did Nintendo's newly created European branch direct distribution throughout Europe.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: In

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: the

text: system

text: was

text: released

text: to

text: two

text: separate

text: marketing

text: regions

text: One

text: region

text: consisted

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: excluding

text: Italy

text: and

text: distribution

text: there

text: was

text: handled

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: companies

text: with

text: Nintendo

text: responsible

text: for

text: most

text: cartridge

text: releases

text: Most

text: of

text: this

text: region

text: saw

text: a

text: release

text: Mattel

text: handled

text: distribution

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Ireland

text: Canada

text: Italy

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: starting

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: Not

text: until

text: the

text: did

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: newly

text: created

text: European

text: branch

text: direct

text: distribution

text: throughout

text: Europe

question: Where was the system released to two separate marketing areas?

answer: Europe and Australia

text: Europe and Australia

question: One region comprised the entirety of mainland Europe save for which country?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Who released cartridges in mainland Europe?

answer: Nintendo

text: Nintendo

question: Who handled distribution in the other region?

answer: Mattel

text: Mattel

question: When did the European brance finally directly distribute throughout Europe?

answer: 1990s


text: The native language of the Romans was Latin. Although surviving Latin literature consists almost entirely of Classical Latin, an artificial and highly stylised and polished literary language from the 1st century BC, the actual spoken language was Vulgar Latin, which significantly differed from Classical Latin in grammar, vocabulary, and eventually pronunciation. Rome's expansion spread Latin throughout Europe, and over time Vulgar Latin evolved and dialectised in different locations, gradually shifting into a number of distinct Romance languages. Many of these languages, including French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, flourished, the differences between them growing greater over time. Although English is Germanic rather than Roman in origin, English borrows heavily from Latin and Latin-derived words.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: native

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Romans

text: was

text: Latin

text: Although

text: surviving

text: Latin

text: literature

text: consists

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: Classical

text: Latin

text: an

text: artificial

text: and

text: highly

text: stylised

text: and

text: polished

text: literary

text: language

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: the

text: actual

text: spoken

text: language

text: was

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: which

text: significantly

text: differed

text: from

text: Classical

text: Latin

text: in

text: grammar

text: vocabulary

text: and

text: eventually

text: pronunciation

text: Rome

text: 's

text: expansion

text: spread

text: Latin

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: over

text: time

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: evolved

text: and

text: dialectised

text: in

text: different

text: locations

text: gradually

text: shifting

text: into

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: distinct

text: Romance

text: languages

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: languages

text: including

text: French

text: Italian

text: Portuguese

text: Romanian

text: and

text: Spanish

text: flourished

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: them

text: growing

text: greater

text: over

text: time

text: Although

text: English

text: is

text: Germanic

text: rather

text: than

text: Roman

text: in

text: origin

text: English

text: borrows

text: heavily

text: from

text: Latin

text: and

text: Latin

text: derived

text: words.[citation

text: needed

question: What was the primary language of the Romans?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What type of language is French considered to be?

answer: Romance languages

text: Romance languages

question: What type of Latin was likely spoken in Rome?

answer: Vulgar Latin

text: Vulgar Latin

question: How would Vulgar Latin eventually differ from Classical Latin?

answer: pronunciation

text: pronunciation

question: Which Germanic originating language densely acquired aspects from Latin?

answer: English

text: English


text: Within a few months of John's return, rebel barons in the north and east of England were organising resistance to his rule. John held a council in London in January 1215 to discuss potential reforms and sponsored discussions in Oxford between his agents and the rebels during the spring. John appears to have been playing for time until Pope Innocent III could send letters giving him explicit papal support. This was particularly important for John, as a way of pressuring the barons but also as a way of controlling Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury. In the meantime, John began to recruit fresh mercenary forces from Poitou, although some were later sent back to avoid giving the impression that the king was escalating the conflict. John announced his intent to become a crusader, a move which gave him additional political protection under church law.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Within

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: return

text: rebel

text: barons

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: were

text: organising

text: resistance

text: to

text: his

text: rule

text: John

text: held

text: a

text: council

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: January

text: to

text: discuss

text: potential

text: reforms

text: and

text: sponsored

text: discussions

text: in

text: Oxford

text: between

text: his

text: agents

text: and

text: the

text: rebels

text: during

text: the

text: spring

text: John

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: playing

text: for

text: time

text: until

text: Pope

text: Innocent

text: III

text: could

text: send

text: letters

text: giving

text: him

text: explicit

text: papal

text: support

text: This

text: was

text: particularly

text: important

text: for

text: John

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: pressuring

text: the

text: barons

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: controlling

text: Stephen

text: Langton

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: In

text: the

text: meantime

text: John

text: began

text: to

text: recruit

text: fresh

text: mercenary

text: forces

text: from

text: Poitou

text: although

text: some

text: were

text: later

text: sent

text: back

text: to

text: avoid

text: giving

text: the

text: impression

text: that

text: the

text: king

text: was

text: escalating

text: the

text: conflict

text: John

text: announced

text: his

text: intent

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: crusader

text: a

text: move

text: which

text: gave

text: him

text: additional

text: political

text: protection

text: under

text: church

text: law

question: Where did John hold a council in January 1215?

answer: London

text: London

question: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?

answer: Poitou

text: Poitou

question: John announced his intent to become what?

answer: a crusader

text: a crusader