text: Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people, the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men. They did participate, however, in a number of intellectual activities. Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church leaders. In the Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret, some of the nuns could converse fluently in Latin. Learning still had an elevated place in the lives of these religious. In fact, Margarette Reglerin, a daughter of a wealthy Nuremberg family, was dismissed from a convent because she did not have the ability or will to learn.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Because

text: the

text: nuns

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: did

text: not

text: preach

text: among

text: the

text: people

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: study

text: was

text: not

text: as

text: immediate

text: or

text: intense

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: for

text: men

text: They

text: did

text: participate

text: however

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: intellectual

text: activities

text: Along

text: with

text: sewing

text: and

text: embroidery

text: nuns

text: often

text: engaged

text: in

text: reading

text: and

text: discussing

text: correspondence

text: from

text: Church

text: leaders

text: In

text: the

text: Strassburg

text: monastery

text: of

text: St.

text: Margaret

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: nuns

text: could

text: converse

text: fluently

text: in

text: Latin

text: Learning

text: still

text: had

text: an

text: elevated

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: these

text: religious

text: In

text: fact

text: Margarette

text: Reglerin

text: a

text: daughter

text: of

text: a

text: wealthy

text: Nuremberg

text: family

text: was

text: dismissed

text: from

text: a

text: convent

text: because

text: she

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: or

text: will

text: to

text: learn

question: What did the nuns not do in the Dominican Order?

answer: preach among the people

text: preach among the people

question: What was one of the activities the nuns enjoyed?

answer: embroidery

text: embroidery

question: Who was expelled from a nunnery for not wanting to learn?

answer: Margarette Reglerin

text: Margarette Reglerin

question: Where was Margarette Reglerin from?

answer: Nuremberg

text: Nuremberg

question: What monastery did the nuns belong to who could speak Latin fluently?

answer: Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret

text: Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret


text: Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: Television

text: money

text: had

text: also

text: become

text: much

text: more

text: important

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: received

text: million

text: for

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: agreement

text: in

text: but

text: when

text: that

text: deal

text: was

text: renewed

text: in

text: the

text: price

text: rose

text: to

text: million

text: over

text: four

text: years

text: The

text: negotiations

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: signs

text: of

text: a

text: breakaway

text: league

text: ten

text: clubs

text: threatened

text: to

text: leave

text: and

text: form

text: a

text: super

text: league

text: but

text: were

text: eventually

text: persuaded

text: to

text: stay

text: As

text: stadiums

text: improved

text: and

text: match

text: attendance

text: and

text: revenues

text: rose

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: top

text: teams

text: again

text: considered

text: leaving

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: capitalise

text: on

text: the

text: growing

text: influx

text: of

text: money

text: being

text: pumped

text: into

text: the

text: sport

question: How much money did the Football League receive in revenues from television money for a two year agreement in 1986?

answer: the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986

text: the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986

question: In 1998, the deal was renewed for what amount over four years?

answer: deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years.

text: deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years.

question: In 1988, how many clubs threateded to leave and form another league?

answer: ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league"

text: ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league"

question: Why did some of the top teams consider leaving the Football league?

answer: to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

text: to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

question: What did the Football League's television agreement price rise to in 1988?

answer: £44 million

text: £44 million

question: When was the first year that clubs threatened to leave the Football League?

answer: 1988

question: What price was set for Football League television rights in 1986?

answer: £6.3 million

text: £6.3 million

question: For how many years was the 1986 television rights contract?

answer: two

text: two

question: For how many years was the 1988 television rights contract?

answer: four

text: four


text: Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Some

text: independent

text: stereo

text: manufacturers

text: including

text: JVC

text: Pioneer

text: Kenwood

text: Alpine

text: Sony

text: and

text: Harman

text: Kardon

text: also

text: have

text: iPod

text: specific

text: integration

text: solutions

text: Alternative

text: connection

text: methods

text: include

text: adapter

text: kits

text: that

text: use

text: the

text: cassette

text: deck

text: or

text: the

text: CD

text: changer

text: port

text: audio

text: input

text: jacks

text: and

text: FM

text: transmitters

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: iTrip

text: although

text: personal

text: FM

text: transmitters

text: are

text: illegal

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: Many

text: car

text: manufacturers

text: have

text: added

text: audio

text: input

text: jacks

text: as

text: standard

question: What companies have developed iPod interfacing for their stereo systems?

answer: JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon

text: JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon

question: What type of transmitter is used in the iTrip?

answer: FM

text: FM

question: What has become a standard inclusion in cars for several different auto companies?

answer: audio input jacks

text: audio input jacks

question: Which type of iPod car integration product is illegal in certain countries?

answer: FM transmitters

text: FM transmitters

question: What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models?

answer: audio input jacks

text: audio input jacks


text: The Queen, who opened the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, also opened the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London, making her the first head of state to open two Olympic Games in two different countries. For the London Olympics, she played herself in a short film as part of the opening ceremony, alongside Daniel Craig as James Bond. On 4 April 2013, she received an honorary BAFTA for her patronage of the film industry and was called "the most memorable Bond girl yet" at the award ceremony.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: Queen

text: who

text: opened

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Montreal

text: also

text: opened

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: and

text: Paralympics

text: in

text: London

text: making

text: her

text: the

text: first

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: to

text: open

text: two

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: in

text: two

text: different

text: countries

text: For

text: the

text: London

text: Olympics

text: she

text: played

text: herself

text: in

text: a

text: short

text: film

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: opening

text: ceremony

text: alongside

text: Daniel

text: Craig

text: as

text: James

text: Bond

text: On

text: April

text: she

text: received

text: an

text: honorary

text: BAFTA

text: for

text: her

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: industry

text: and

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: most

text: memorable

text: Bond

text: girl

text: yet

text: at

text: the

text: award

text: ceremony

question: When did Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in Montreal?

answer: 1976

question: When did Queen Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in London?

answer: 2012

question: For what event did Elizabeth appear in a film as part of the opening ceremonies?

answer: London Olympics

text: London Olympics

question: What actor also appeared with Elizabeth in the film?

answer: Daniel Craig

text: Daniel Craig

question: For what activity related to the film industry did Elizabeth receive a BAFTA award?

answer: patronage

text: patronage


text: Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently. Some euphorbias have leafless, rounded bodies adapted to water conservation similar to those of globular cacti, but characters such as the structure of their flowers make it clear that the two groups are not closely related. The cladistic method takes a systematic approach to characters, distinguishing between those that carry no information about shared evolutionary history – such as those evolved separately in different groups (homoplasies) or those left over from ancestors (plesiomorphies) – and derived characters, which have been passed down from innovations in a shared ancestor (apomorphies). Only derived characters, such as the spine-producing areoles of cacti, provide evidence for descent from a common ancestor. The results of cladistic analyses are expressed as cladograms: tree-like diagrams showing the pattern of evolutionary branching and descent.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Judging

text: relationships

text: based

text: on

text: shared

text: characters

text: requires

text: care

text: since

text: plants

text: may

text: resemble

text: one

text: another

text: through

text: convergent

text: evolution

text: in

text: which

text: characters

text: have

text: arisen

text: independently

text: Some

text: euphorbias

text: have

text: leafless

text: rounded

text: bodies

text: adapted

text: to

text: water

text: conservation

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: globular

text: cacti

text: but

text: characters

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: their

text: flowers

text: make

text: it

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: groups

text: are

text: not

text: closely

text: related

text: The

text: cladistic

text: method

text: takes

text: a

text: systematic

text: approach

text: to

text: characters

text: distinguishing

text: between

text: those

text: that

text: carry

text: no

text: information

text: about

text: shared

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: evolved

text: separately

text: in

text: different

text: groups

text: homoplasies

text: or

text: those

text: left

text: over

text: from

text: ancestors

text: plesiomorphies

text: and

text: derived

text: characters

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: passed

text: down

text: from

text: innovations

text: in

text: a

text: shared

text: ancestor

text: apomorphies

text: Only

text: derived

text: characters

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: spine

text: producing

text: areoles

text: of

text: cacti

text: provide

text: evidence

text: for

text: descent

text: from

text: a

text: common

text: ancestor

text: The

text: results

text: of

text: cladistic

text: analyses

text: are

text: expressed

text: as

text: cladograms

text: tree

text: like

text: diagrams

text: showing

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: branching

text: and

text: descent

question: Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?

answer: convergent evolution

text: convergent evolution

question: How can two different plants acquire the same traits?

answer: arisen independently

text: arisen independently

question: What traits show a shared ancestry?

answer: derived characters

text: derived characters

question: How are common ancestries represented for plant families?

answer: tree-like diagrams

text: tree-like diagrams


text: After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: After

text: the

text: German

text: occupation

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: empire

text: stood

text: alone

text: against

text: Germany

text: until

text: the

text: entry

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: successfully

text: lobbied

text: President

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: for

text: military

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: Roosevelt

text: was

text: not

text: yet

text: ready

text: to

text: ask

text: Congress

text: to

text: commit

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: war

text: In

text: August

text: Churchill

text: and

text: Roosevelt

text: met

text: and

text: signed

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Charter

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: statement

text: that

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: all

text: peoples

text: to

text: choose

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: under

text: which

text: they

text: live

text: should

text: be

text: respected

text: This

text: wording

text: was

text: ambiguous

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: it

text: referred

text: to

text: European

text: countries

text: invaded

text: by

text: Germany

text: or

text: the

text: peoples

text: colonised

text: by

text: European

text: nations

text: and

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: interpreted

text: differently

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Americans

text: and

text: nationalist

text: movements

question: When was France occupied by Germany?

answer: 1940

question: When was the Atlantic Charter signed?

answer: August 1941

text: August 1941

question: Which British Prime Minister signed the Atlantic Charter?

answer: Churchill

text: Churchill

question: Which US President signed the Atlantic Charter?

answer: Roosevelt

text: Roosevelt

question: Which country first entered World War 2 after France's defeat?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union


text: In February 2014, Bloomberg reported that Microsoft would be lowering the price of Windows 8 licenses by 70% for devices that retail under US$250; alongside the announcement that an update to the operating system would allow OEMs to produce devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage, critics felt that these changes would help Windows compete against Linux-based devices in the low-end market, particularly those running Chrome OS. Microsoft had similarly cut the price of Windows XP licenses to compete against the early waves of Linux-based netbooks. Reports also indicated that Microsoft was planning to offer cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing. Some media outlets falsely reported that the SKU associated with this plan, "Windows 8.1 with Bing", was a variant which would be a free or low-cost version of Windows 8 for consumers using older versions of Windows. On April 2, 2014, Microsoft ultimately announced that it would be removing license fees entirely for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches, and officially confirmed the rumored "Windows 8.1 with Bing" OEM SKU on May 23, 2014.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: In

text: February

text: Bloomberg

text: reported

text: that

text: Microsoft

text: would

text: be

text: lowering

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: Windows

text: licenses

text: by

text: for

text: devices

text: that

text: retail

text: under

text: US$

text: alongside

text: the

text: announcement

text: that

text: an

text: update

text: to

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: would

text: allow

text: OEMs

text: to

text: produce

text: devices

text: with

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: GB

text: of

text: RAM

text: and

text: GB

text: of

text: storage

text: critics

text: felt

text: that

text: these

text: changes

text: would

text: help

text: Windows

text: compete

text: against

text: Linux

text: based

text: devices

text: in

text: the

text: low

text: end

text: market

text: particularly

text: those

text: running

text: Chrome

text: OS

text: Microsoft

text: had

text: similarly

text: cut

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: Windows

text: XP

text: licenses

text: to

text: compete

text: against

text: the

text: early

text: waves

text: of

text: Linux

text: based

text: netbooks

text: Reports

text: also

text: indicated

text: that

text: Microsoft

text: was

text: planning

text: to

text: offer

text: cheaper

text: Windows

text: licenses

text: to

text: OEMs

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: setting

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: 's

text: default

text: search

text: engine

text: to

text: Bing

text: Some

text: media

text: outlets

text: falsely

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: SKU

text: associated

text: with

text: this

text: plan

text: Windows

text: with

text: Bing

text: was

text: a

text: variant

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: free

text: or

text: low

text: cost

text: version

text: of

text: Windows

text: for

text: consumers

text: using

text: older

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: On

text: April

text: Microsoft

text: ultimately

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: removing

text: license

text: fees

text: entirely

text: for

text: devices

text: with

text: screens

text: smaller

text: than

text: inches

text: and

text: officially

text: confirmed

text: the

text: rumored

text: Windows

text: with

text: Bing

text: OEM

text: SKU

text: on

text: May

question: When did Microsoft make the existence of Windows 8.1 with Bing OEM SKU official?

answer: May 23, 2014

text: May 23, 2014

question: When did Microsoft remove license fees on device screens less than 9 inches?

answer: April 2, 2014

text: April 2, 2014

question: When did Windows 8 decrease the price of Windows 8 for devices that cost less than $250?

answer: February 2014

text: February 2014

question: What was the benefit of Windows 8.1 with Bing?

answer: cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing

text: cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing


text: Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing).

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: important

text: construction

text: material

text: since

text: humans

text: began

text: building

text: shelters

text: houses

text: and

text: boats

text: Nearly

text: all

text: boats

text: were

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: wood

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: wood

text: remains

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: today

text: in

text: boat

text: construction

text: Elm

text: in

text: particular

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: as

text: it

text: resisted

text: decay

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: kept

text: wet

text: it

text: also

text: served

text: for

text: water

text: pipe

text: before

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: more

text: modern

text: plumbing

question: What wood is decay-resistant when wet?

answer: Elm

text: Elm

question: What plumbing component was once made out of elm?

answer: water pipe

text: water pipe

question: Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden?

answer: boats

text: boats

question: What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters?

answer: construction material

text: construction material

question: Other than boats, what do people often build with wood?

answer: houses

text: houses


text: By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To end the secession, a dictator was appointed. The dictator passed a law (the Lex Hortensia), which ended the requirement that the patrician senators must agree before any bill could be considered by the Plebeian Council. This was not the first law to require that an act of the Plebeian Council have the full force of law. The Plebeian Council acquired this power during a modification to the original Valerian law in 449 BC. The significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the patricians of their final weapon over the plebeians. The result was that control over the state fell, not onto the shoulders of voters, but to the new plebeian nobility.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: By

text: BC

text: the

text: economic

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: average

text: plebeian

text: had

text: become

text: poor

text: The

text: problem

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: centered

text: around

text: widespread

text: indebtedness

text: The

text: plebeians

text: demanded

text: relief

text: but

text: the

text: senators

text: refused

text: to

text: address

text: their

text: situation

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: plebeian

text: secession

text: The

text: plebeians

text: seceded

text: to

text: the

text: Janiculum

text: hill

text: To

text: end

text: the

text: secession

text: a

text: dictator

text: was

text: appointed

text: The

text: dictator

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: the

text: Lex

text: Hortensia

text: which

text: ended

text: the

text: requirement

text: that

text: the

text: patrician

text: senators

text: must

text: agree

text: before

text: any

text: bill

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: by

text: the

text: Plebeian

text: Council

text: This

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: first

text: law

text: to

text: require

text: that

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: Plebeian

text: Council

text: have

text: the

text: full

text: force

text: of

text: law

text: The

text: Plebeian

text: Council

text: acquired

text: this

text: power

text: during

text: a

text: modification

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: Valerian

text: law

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: significance

text: of

text: this

text: law

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: robbed

text: the

text: patricians

text: of

text: their

text: final

text: weapon

text: over

text: the

text: plebeians

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: that

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: fell

text: not

text: onto

text: the

text: shoulders

text: of

text: voters

text: but

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: plebeian

text: nobility

question: What was the economic status of your typical plebeian in 287 BC?

answer: poor

text: poor

question: Who refused to concern themselves with the plebeians debt situation?

answer: senators

text: senators

question: What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to?

answer: the final plebeian secession

text: the final plebeian secession

question: What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators?

answer: the Lex Hortensia

text: the Lex Hortensia


text: The most precarious of these quake-lakes was the one located in the extremely difficult terrain at Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan, accessible only by foot or air; an Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter belonging to the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the affected location. This operation was coupled with the work done by PLAAF Mi-17 helicopters bringing in PLA engineering corps, explosive specialists and other personnel to join 1,200 soldiers who arrived on site by foot. Five tons of fuel to operate the machinery was airlifted to the site, where a sluice was constructed to allow the safe discharge of the bottlenecked water. Downstream, more than 200,000 people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1 in anticipation of the dam bursting.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: most

text: precarious

text: of

text: these

text: quake

text: lakes

text: was

text: the

text: one

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: extremely

text: difficult

text: terrain

text: at

text: Mount

text: Tangjia

text: in

text: Beichuan

text: County

text: Sichuan

text: accessible

text: only

text: by

text: foot

text: or

text: air

text: an

text: T

text: heavy

text: lift

text: helicopter

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: China

text: Flying

text: Dragon

text: Special

text: Aviation

text: Company

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: bring

text: heavy

text: earthmoving

text: tractors

text: to

text: the

text: affected

text: location

text: This

text: operation

text: was

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: work

text: done

text: by

text: PLAAF

text: helicopters

text: bringing

text: in

text: PLA

text: engineering

text: corps

text: explosive

text: specialists

text: and

text: other

text: personnel

text: to

text: join

text: soldiers

text: who

text: arrived

text: on

text: site

text: by

text: foot

text: Five

text: tons

text: of

text: fuel

text: to

text: operate

text: the

text: machinery

text: was

text: airlifted

text: to

text: the

text: site

text: where

text: a

text: sluice

text: was

text: constructed

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: safe

text: discharge

text: of

text: the

text: bottlenecked

text: water

text: Downstream

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: were

text: evacuated

text: from

text: Mianyang

text: by

text: June

text: in

text: anticipation

text: of

text: the

text: dam

text: bursting

question: Where was the most precarious quake lake located?

answer: Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan

text: Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan

question: How could you only get to this quake lake?

answer: by foot or air

text: by foot or air

question: What machinery was airlifted into the location?

answer: tractors

text: tractors

question: How many people were evacuated downstream?

answer: 200,000

question: What was the fear that caused 200,000 people to be evacuated from Mianyang?

answer: the dam bursting

text: the dam bursting

question: Where was the worst of the quake lakes located?

answer: Mount Tangjia

text: Mount Tangjia

question: Where is Mount Tangjia?

answer: Beichuan County, Sichuan

text: Beichuan County, Sichuan

question: How many soldiers had to travel to the area by foot?

answer: 1,200


text: The salivary glands (element 30 in numbered diagram) in an insect's mouth produce saliva. The salivary ducts lead from the glands to the reservoirs and then forward through the head to an opening called the salivarium, located behind the hypopharynx. By moving its mouthparts (element 32 in numbered diagram) the insect can mix its food with saliva. The mixture of saliva and food then travels through the salivary tubes into the mouth, where it begins to break down. Some insects, like flies, have extra-oral digestion. Insects using extra-oral digestion expel digestive enzymes onto their food to break it down. This strategy allows insects to extract a significant proportion of the available nutrients from the food source.:31 The gut is where almost all of insects' digestion takes place. It can be divided into the foregut, midgut and hindgut.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: salivary

text: glands

text: element

text: in

text: numbered

text: diagram

text: in

text: an

text: insect

text: 's

text: mouth

text: produce

text: saliva

text: The

text: salivary

text: ducts

text: lead

text: from

text: the

text: glands

text: to

text: the

text: reservoirs

text: and

text: then

text: forward

text: through

text: the

text: head

text: to

text: an

text: opening

text: called

text: the

text: salivarium

text: located

text: behind

text: the

text: hypopharynx

text: By

text: moving

text: its

text: mouthparts

text: element

text: in

text: numbered

text: diagram

text: the

text: insect

text: can

text: mix

text: its

text: food

text: with

text: saliva

text: The

text: mixture

text: of

text: saliva

text: and

text: food

text: then

text: travels

text: through

text: the

text: salivary

text: tubes

text: into

text: the

text: mouth

text: where

text: it

text: begins

text: to

text: break

text: down

text: Some

text: insects

text: like

text: flies

text: have

text: extra

text: oral

text: digestion

text: Insects

text: using

text: extra

text: oral

text: digestion

text: expel

text: digestive

text: enzymes

text: onto

text: their

text: food

text: to

text: break

text: it

text: down

text: This

text: strategy

text: allows

text: insects

text: to

text: extract

text: a

text: significant

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: nutrients

text: from

text: the

text: food

text: The

text: gut

text: is

text: where

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: insects

text: digestion

text: takes

text: place

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: foregut

text: midgut

text: and

text: hindgut

question: What produces saliva in an insects mouth?

answer: salivary glands

text: salivary glands

question: What leads from the salivary glands to the reservoirs?

answer: salivary ducts

text: salivary ducts

question: What is an opening through the head called?

answer: salivarium

text: salivarium

question: Where is the salivarium located?

answer: behind the hypopharynx

text: behind the hypopharynx

question: Where does an insect's digestion happen?

answer: The gut

text: The gut


text: Trademark infringement occurs when one party uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party, in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services of the other party. In many countries, a trademark receives protection without registration, but registering a trademark provides legal advantages for enforcement. Infringement can be addressed by civil litigation and, in several jurisdictions, under criminal law.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Trademark

text: infringement

text: occurs

text: when

text: one

text: party

text: uses

text: a

text: trademark

text: that

text: is

text: identical

text: or

text: confusingly

text: similar

text: to

text: a

text: trademark

text: owned

text: by

text: another

text: party

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: products

text: or

text: services

text: which

text: are

text: identical

text: or

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: products

text: or

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: party

text: In

text: many

text: countries

text: a

text: trademark

text: receives

text: protection

text: without

text: registration

text: but

text: registering

text: a

text: trademark

text: provides

text: legal

text: advantages

text: for

text: enforcement

text: Infringement

text: can

text: be

text: addressed

text: by

text: civil

text: litigation

text: and

text: in

text: several

text: jurisdictions

text: under

text: criminal

text: law

question: What occurs when someone uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by someone else?

answer: Trademark infringement

text: Trademark infringement

question: What does registering a trademark provide?

answer: legal advantages for enforcement

text: legal advantages for enforcement

question: Where is a trademark protected without registration?

answer: In many countries

text: In many countries

question: How is trademark infringement addressed in most jurisdictions?

answer: civil litigation

text: civil litigation

question: How is trademark infringement addressed in a few jurisdictions?

answer: criminal law

text: criminal law


text: Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Artists

text: contributing

text: to

text: this

text: format

text: include

text: mainly

text: soft

text: rock

text: pop

text: singers

text: such

text: as

text: Andy

text: Williams

text: Johnny

text: Mathis

text: Nana

text: Mouskouri

text: Celine

text: Dion

text: Julio

text: Iglesias

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: Barry

text: Manilow

text: Engelbert

text: Humperdinck

text: and

text: Marc

text: Anthony

question: Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?

answer: Frank Sinatra

text: Frank Sinatra


text: Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include Straight No Chaser, Pentatonix, The House Jacks, Rockapella, Mosaic, and M-pact. There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship. Examples of such groups are Take 6, Glad and Acappella. Arrangements of popular music for small a cappella ensembles typically include one voice singing the lead melody, one singing a rhythmic bass line, and the remaining voices contributing chordal or polyphonic accompaniment.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: Contemporary

text: a

text: cappella

text: includes

text: many

text: vocal

text: groups

text: and

text: bands

text: who

text: add

text: vocal

text: percussion

text: or

text: beatboxing

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: pop

text: rock

text: gospel

text: sound

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: bands

text: with

text: instruments

text: Examples

text: of

text: such

text: professional

text: groups

text: include

text: Straight

text: No

text: Chaser

text: Pentatonix

text: The

text: House

text: Jacks

text: Rockapella

text: Mosaic

text: and

text: M

text: pact

text: There

text: also

text: remains

text: a

text: strong

text: a

text: cappella

text: presence

text: within

text: Christian

text: music

text: as

text: some

text: denominations

text: purposefully

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: instruments

text: during

text: worship

text: Examples

text: of

text: such

text: groups

text: are

text: Take

text: Glad

text: and

text: Acappella

text: Arrangements

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: for

text: small

text: a

text: cappella

text: ensembles

text: typically

text: include

text: one

text: voice

text: singing

text: the

text: lead

text: melody

text: one

text: singing

text: a

text: rhythmic

text: bass

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: remaining

text: voices

text: contributing

text: chordal

text: or

text: polyphonic

text: accompaniment

question: In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement?

answer: vocal percussion

text: vocal percussion

question: Where does a cappella still maintain a heavy presence?

answer: Christian music

text: Christian music

question: In a cappella, what do the voices not contributing lead vocals or a bass line contribute?

answer: chordal or polyphonic accompaniment

text: chordal or polyphonic accompaniment


text: At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'."

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: At

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: West

text: moved

text: with

text: his

text: mother

text: to

text: Nanjing

text: China

text: where

text: she

text: was

text: teaching

text: at

text: Nanjing

text: University

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: exchange

text: program

text: According

text: to

text: his

text: mother

text: West

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: foreigner

text: in

text: his

text: class

text: but

text: settled

text: in

text: well

text: and

text: quickly

text: picked

text: up

text: the

text: language

text: although

text: he

text: has

text: since

text: forgotten

text: most

text: of

text: it

text: When

text: asked

text: about

text: his

text: grades

text: in

text: high

text: school

text: West

text: replied

text: I

text: got

text: A

text: 's

text: and

text: B

text: 's

text: And

text: I

text: 'm

text: not

text: even

text: frontin

question: Where did Kanye and his mother relocate when he was 10?

answer: Nanjing, China

text: Nanjing, China

question: While staying in China, Kanye was the only what in his class?

answer: foreigner

text: foreigner

question: How well did Kanye do in high school?

answer: A's and B's

text: A's and B's

question: At what age did Kanye West relocate to China?

answer: 10

question: What University was the cause of West's mother moving the family to China?

answer: Nanjing University

text: Nanjing University


text: It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group.[citation needed] However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University, which was formed in 1909 and once included Cole Porter as a member. Collegiate a cappella groups grew throughout the 20th century. Some notable historical groups formed along the way include Princeton University's Tigertones (1946), Colgate University's The Colgate 13 (1942), Dartmouth College's Aires (1946), Cornell University's Cayuga's Waiters (1949) and The Hangovers (1968), the University of Maine Maine Steiners (1958), the Columbia University Kingsmen (1949), the Jabberwocks of Brown University (1949), and the University of Rochester YellowJackets (1956). All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a parody of the men's groups: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College (1936), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cappella groups exploded in popularity beginning in the 1990s, fueled in part by a change in style popularized by the Tufts University Beelzebubs and the Boston University Dear Abbeys. The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, including vocal percussion/"beatboxing". Some larger universities now have multiple groups. Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as International Quartet Champions The Boston Common and the contemporary commercial a cappella group Rockapella. Co-ed groups have produced many up-and-coming and major artists, including John Legend, an alumnus of the Counterparts at the University of Pennsylvania, and Sara Bareilles, an alumna of Awaken A Cappella at University of California, Los Angeles. Mira Sorvino is an alumna of the Harvard-Radcliffe Veritones of Harvard College where she had the solo on Only You by Yaz.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: exactly

text: where

text: collegiate

text: a

text: cappella

text: began

text: The

text: Rensselyrics

text: of

text: Rensselaer

text: Polytechnic

text: Institute

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: RPI

text: Glee

text: Club

text: established

text: in

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: oldest

text: known

text: collegiate

text: a

text: cappella

text: group.[citation

text: needed

text: However

text: the

text: longest

text: continuously

text: singing

text: group

text: is

text: probably

text: The

text: Whiffenpoofs

text: of

text: Yale

text: University

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: once

text: included

text: Cole

text: Porter

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: Collegiate

text: a

text: cappella

text: groups

text: grew

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: Some

text: notable

text: historical

text: groups

text: formed

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: include

text: Princeton

text: University

text: 's

text: Tigertones

text: Colgate

text: University

text: 's

text: The

text: Colgate

text: Dartmouth

text: College

text: 's

text: Aires

text: Cornell

text: University

text: 's

text: Cayuga

text: 's

text: Waiters

text: and

text: The

text: Hangovers

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Maine

text: Maine

text: Steiners

text: the

text: Columbia

text: University

text: Kingsmen

text: the

text: Jabberwocks

text: of

text: Brown

text: University

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Rochester

text: YellowJackets

text: All

text: women

text: a

text: cappella

text: groups

text: followed

text: shortly

text: frequently

text: as

text: a

text: parody

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: groups

text: the

text: Smiffenpoofs

text: of

text: Smith

text: College

text: The

text: Shwiffs

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: College

text: The

text: She

text: Whiffenpoofs

text: and

text: The

text: Chattertocks

text: of

text: Brown

text: University

text: A

text: cappella

text: groups

text: exploded

text: in

text: popularity

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: fueled

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: style

text: popularized

text: by

text: the

text: Tufts

text: University

text: Beelzebubs

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: University

text: Dear

text: Abbeys

text: The

text: new

text: style

text: used

text: voices

text: to

text: emulate

text: modern

text: rock

text: instruments

text: including

text: vocal

text: percussion/"beatboxing

text: Some

text: larger

text: universities

text: now

text: have

text: multiple

text: groups

text: Groups

text: often

text: join

text: one

text: another

text: in

text: on

text: campus

text: concerts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Georgetown

text: Chimes

text: Cherry

text: Tree

text: Massacre

text: a

text: a

text: cappella

text: festival

text: held

text: each

text: February

text: since

text: where

text: over

text: a

text: hundred

text: collegiate

text: groups

text: have

text: appeared

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: International

text: Quartet

text: Champions

text: The

text: Boston

text: Common

text: and

text: the

text: contemporary

text: commercial

text: a

text: cappella

text: group

text: Rockapella

text: Co

text: ed

text: groups

text: have

text: produced

text: many

text: up

text: and

text: coming

text: and

text: major

text: artists

text: including

text: John

text: Legend

text: an

text: alumnus

text: of

text: the

text: Counterparts

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: Sara

text: Bareilles

text: an

text: alumna

text: of

text: Awaken

text: A

text: Cappella

text: at

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Mira

text: Sorvino

text: is

text: an

text: alumna

text: of

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Radcliffe

text: Veritones

text: of

text: Harvard

text: College

text: where

text: she

text: had

text: the

text: solo

text: on

text: Only

text: You

text: by

text: Yaz

question: What is the previous name of oldest recorded college a cappella group?

answer: RPI Glee Club

text: RPI Glee Club

question: What prominent composer was once a member of The Whiffenpoofs?

answer: Cole Porter

text: Cole Porter

question: What is the name of the a capella group that was a parody of The Whiffenpoofs?

answer: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College

text: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College

question: What is the name of the college a capella event that's been held since 1975?

answer: Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre

text: Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre

question: What well-known musician was once part of the college a capella group The Counterparts?

answer: John Legend

text: John Legend


text: Abnormal discoloration of wood often denotes a diseased condition, indicating unsoundness. The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks. The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds. The discoloration is merely an indication of an injury, and in all probability does not of itself affect the properties of the wood. Certain rot-producing fungi impart to wood characteristic colors which thus become symptomatic of weakness; however an attractive effect known as spalting produced by this process is often considered a desirable characteristic. Ordinary sap-staining is due to fungal growth, but does not necessarily produce a weakening effect.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Abnormal

text: discoloration

text: of

text: wood

text: often

text: denotes

text: a

text: diseased

text: condition

text: indicating

text: unsoundness

text: The

text: black

text: check

text: in

text: western

text: hemlock

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: insect

text: attacks

text: The

text: reddish

text: brown

text: streaks

text: so

text: common

text: in

text: hickory

text: and

text: certain

text: other

text: woods

text: are

text: mostly

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: injury

text: by

text: birds

text: The

text: discoloration

text: is

text: merely

text: an

text: indication

text: of

text: an

text: injury

text: and

text: in

text: all

text: probability

text: does

text: not

text: of

text: itself

text: affect

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: wood

text: Certain

text: rot

text: producing

text: fungi

text: impart

text: to

text: wood

text: characteristic

text: colors

text: which

text: thus

text: become

text: symptomatic

text: of

text: weakness

text: however

text: an

text: attractive

text: effect

text: known

text: as

text: spalting

text: produced

text: by

text: this

text: process

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: a

text: desirable

text: characteristic

text: Ordinary

text: sap

text: staining

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: fungal

text: growth

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: necessarily

text: produce

text: a

text: weakening

text: effect

question: What condition does an abnormal color usually indicate in wood?

answer: diseased

text: diseased

question: What other property can you assume of wood that is diseased?

answer: unsoundness

text: unsoundness

question: What causes the black checked pattern in the wood of western hemlocks?

answer: insect attacks

text: insect attacks

question: What animals cause the reddish-brown streaks of color in hickory wood?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi?

answer: spalting

text: spalting


text: Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian sub continent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu. This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions, for which the city has become noted.:viii A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both Telugu and Urdu are official languages of Telangana. The mixing of religions has also resulted in many festivals being celebrated in Hyderabad such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali and Bonalu of Hindu tradition and Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha by Muslims.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: foremost

text: centre

text: of

text: culture

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: After

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Delhi

text: in

text: the

text: migration

text: of

text: performing

text: artists

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: particularly

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: sub

text: continent

text: under

text: the

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: Nizam

text: enriched

text: the

text: cultural

text: milieu

text: This

text: migration

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: mingling

text: of

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Indian

text: languages

text: cultures

text: and

text: religions

text: which

text: has

text: since

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: co

text: existence

text: of

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Muslim

text: traditions

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: become

text: noted.:viii

text: A

text: further

text: consequence

text: of

text: this

text: north

text: south

text: mix

text: is

text: that

text: both

text: Telugu

text: and

text: Urdu

text: are

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Telangana

text: The

text: mixing

text: of

text: religions

text: has

text: also

text: resulted

text: in

text: many

text: festivals

text: being

text: celebrated

text: in

text: Hyderabad

text: such

text: as

text: Ganesh

text: Chaturthi

text: Diwali

text: and

text: Bonalu

text: of

text: Hindu

text: tradition

text: and

text: Eid

text: ul

text: Fitr

text: and

text: Eid

text: al

text: Adha

text: by

text: Muslims

question: What event pushed Hyderabad to the top of India's cultural centres?

answer: the decline of the Mughal Empire

text: the decline of the Mughal Empire

question: What major event in India in 1857 caused migration of peformance artists into Hyderabad?

answer: the fall of Delhi

text: the fall of Delhi

question: What are the official languages of Telangana?

answer: Telugu and Urdu

text: Telugu and Urdu

question: Which religious group holds the Eid ul-Fitr festival in Hyderabad?

answer: Muslims

text: Muslims

question: The festival of Diwali is a tradition of what faith?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu


text: Media anthropology (also known as anthropology of media or mass media) emphasizes ethnographic studies as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media. The types of ethnographic contexts explored range from contexts of media production (e.g., ethnographies of newsrooms in newspapers, journalists in the field, film production) to contexts of media reception, following audiences in their everyday responses to media. Other types include cyber anthropology, a relatively new area of internet research, as well as ethnographies of other areas of research which happen to involve media, such as development work, social movements, or health education. This is in addition to many classic ethnographic contexts, where media such as radio, the press, new media and television have started to make their presences felt since the early 1990s.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Media

text: anthropology

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: anthropology

text: of

text: media

text: or

text: mass

text: media

text: emphasizes

text: ethnographic

text: studies

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: understanding

text: producers

text: audiences

text: and

text: other

text: cultural

text: and

text: social

text: aspects

text: of

text: mass

text: media

text: The

text: types

text: of

text: ethnographic

text: contexts

text: explored

text: range

text: from

text: contexts

text: of

text: media

text: production

text: e.g.

text: ethnographies

text: of

text: newsrooms

text: in

text: newspapers

text: journalists

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: film

text: production

text: to

text: contexts

text: of

text: media

text: reception

text: following

text: audiences

text: in

text: their

text: everyday

text: responses

text: to

text: media

text: Other

text: types

text: include

text: cyber

text: anthropology

text: a

text: relatively

text: new

text: area

text: of

text: internet

text: research

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ethnographies

text: of

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: research

text: which

text: happen

text: to

text: involve

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: development

text: work

text: social

text: movements

text: or

text: health

text: education

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: many

text: classic

text: ethnographic

text: contexts

text: where

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: radio

text: the

text: press

text: new

text: media

text: and

text: television

text: have

text: started

text: to

text: make

text: their

text: presences

text: felt

text: since

text: the

text: early

question: What type of anthropology tries to understand the social aspects of mass media?

answer: Media anthropology

text: Media anthropology

question: Media production and media reception are examples of what type of context?

answer: ethnographic

text: ethnographic

question: Media such as a radio and television have started to make their presences felt since what years?

answer: early 1990s

text: early 1990s

question: Following audiences in their everyday responses to media is encompassed by what type of context?

answer: media reception

text: media reception

question: What type of anthropology involves the relatively new area of internet search?

answer: cyber

text: cyber


text: Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing. Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared to wolves. Some of these genes have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds, indicating their importance in both the initial domestication and then later in breed formation.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Unlike

text: other

text: domestic

text: species

text: which

text: were

text: primarily

text: selected

text: for

text: production

text: related

text: traits

text: dogs

text: were

text: initially

text: selected

text: for

text: their

text: behaviors

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: fixed

text: genes

text: that

text: showed

text: variation

text: between

text: wolves

text: and

text: dogs

text: These

text: gene

text: variations

text: were

text: unlikely

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: natural

text: evolution

text: and

text: indicate

text: selection

text: on

text: both

text: morphology

text: and

text: behavior

text: during

text: dog

text: domestication

text: These

text: genes

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: catecholamine

text: synthesis

text: pathway

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: genes

text: affecting

text: the

text: fight

text: or

text: flight

text: response

text: i.e.

text: selection

text: for

text: tameness

text: and

text: emotional

text: processing

text: Dogs

text: generally

text: show

text: reduced

text: fear

text: and

text: aggression

text: compared

text: to

text: wolves

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: genes

text: have

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: aggression

text: in

text: some

text: dog

text: breeds

text: indicating

text: their

text: importance

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: initial

text: domestication

text: and

text: then

text: later

text: in

text: breed

text: formation

question: Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?

answer: behaviors.

text: behaviors.

question: How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog?

answer: 11

question: The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?

answer: morphology and behavior

text: morphology and behavior

question: What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?

answer: tameness

text: tameness

question: What do most dogs show less of than wolves?

answer: fear and aggression

text: fear and aggression

question: Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?

answer: production-related traits

text: production-related traits

question: Why were dogs initially selected?

answer: for their behaviors.

text: for their behaviors.

question: For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation?

answer: 11

question: Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves?

answer: aggression

text: aggression


text: On the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour of a federal system with two components (i.e. the Dutch and French Communities of Belgium). However, the Flemish representatives in the Parliament of the Brussels Capital-Region voted in favour of the Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party. The chairman of the Walloon Parliament stated on July 17, 2008 that, "Brussels would take an attitude". Brussels' parliament passed the resolution on July 18, 2008:

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Belgian

text: federalism

text: is

text: federated

text: with

text: three

text: components

text: An

text: affirmative

text: resolution

text: concerning

text: Brussels

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: system

text: passed

text: in

text: the

text: parliaments

text: of

text: Wallonia

text: and

text: Brussels

text: These

text: resolutions

text: passed

text: against

text: the

text: desires

text: of

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: parties

text: who

text: are

text: generally

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: a

text: federal

text: system

text: with

text: two

text: components

text: i.e.

text: the

text: Dutch

text: and

text: French

text: Communities

text: of

text: Belgium

text: However

text: the

text: Flemish

text: representatives

text: in

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: voted

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: the

text: Brussels

text: resolution

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: one

text: party

text: The

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Walloon

text: Parliament

text: stated

text: on

text: July

text: that

text: Brussels

text: would

text: take

text: an

text: attitude

text: Brussels

text: parliament

text: passed

text: the

text: resolution

text: on

text: July

question: How many components does the Belgian federalism have?

answer: three components

text: three components

question: What passed on July 18, 2007?

answer: Brussels' parliament

text: Brussels' parliament

question: What are the Flemish representatives in favor for?

answer: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party

text: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party

question: What is Belgian Federalism?

answer: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.

text: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.


text: Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Lee

text: 's

text: childhood

text: friend

text: author

text: Truman

text: Capote

text: wrote

text: on

text: the

text: dust

text: jacket

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: Someone

text: rare

text: has

text: written

text: this

text: very

text: fine

text: first

text: novel

text: a

text: writer

text: with

text: the

text: liveliest

text: sense

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: the

text: warmest

text: most

text: authentic

text: sense

text: of

text: humor

text: A

text: touching

text: book

text: and

text: so

text: funny

text: so

text: likeable

text: This

text: comment

text: has

text: been

text: construed

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: Capote

text: wrote

text: the

text: book

text: or

text: edited

text: it

text: heavily

text: In

text: a

text: Tuscaloosa

text: newspaper

text: quoted

text: Capote

text: 's

text: biological

text: father

text: Archulus

text: Persons

text: as

text: claiming

text: that

text: Capote

text: had

text: written

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: In

text: a

text: Capote

text: letter

text: was

text: donated

text: to

text: Monroeville

text: 's

text: literary

text: heritage

text: museum

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: a

text: neighbor

text: in

text: Monroeville

text: in

text: Capote

text: mentioned

text: that

text: Lee

text: was

text: writing

text: a

text: book

text: that

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: published

text: soon

text: Extensive

text: notes

text: between

text: Lee

text: and

text: her

text: editor

text: at

text: Lippincott

text: also

text: refute

text: the

text: rumor

text: of

text: Capote

text: 's

text: authorship

text: Lee

text: 's

text: older

text: sister

text: Alice

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: rumor

text: saying

text: That

text: 's

text: the

text: biggest

text: lie

text: ever

text: told

question: Who was Truman Capote's father?

answer: Archulus Persons

text: Archulus Persons

question: Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?

answer: Truman Capote

text: Truman Capote

question: What was the name of Harper Lee's sister?

answer: Alice

text: Alice

question: Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?

answer: Truman Capote

text: Truman Capote

question: Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?

answer: her editor

text: her editor


text: Some researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, Blanchard et al. 1987, Coleman and Bockting, 1988, Blanchard, 1989). These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Some

text: researchers

text: such

text: as

text: Bruce

text: Bagemihl

text: have

text: criticized

text: the

text: labels

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: as

text: confusing

text: and

text: degrading

text: Bagemihl

text: writes

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: reference

text: for

text: heterosexual

text: or

text: homosexual

text: orientation

text: in

text: this

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: solely

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: genetic

text: sex

text: prior

text: to

text: reassignment

text: see

text: for

text: example

text: Blanchard

text: et

text: al

text: Coleman

text: and

text: Bockting

text: Blanchard

text: These

text: labels

text: thereby

text: ignore

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: personal

text: sense

text: of

text: gender

text: identity

text: taking

text: precedence

text: over

text: biological

text: sex

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: other

text: way

text: around

text: Bagemihl

text: goes

text: on

text: to

text: take

text: issue

text: with

text: the

text: way

text: this

text: terminology

text: makes

text: it

text: easy

text: to

text: claim

text: transsexuals

text: are

text: really

text: homosexual

text: males

text: seeking

text: to

text: escape

text: from

text: stigma

question: What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as?

answer: confusing and degrading

text: confusing and degrading

question: What does Bruce Bagemilh write about the labels homosexual and heterosexual terms?

answer: . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around

text: . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around

question: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?

answer: it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

text: it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.


text: The company is often criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A 2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their negative experiences with the public received attention from publications including The Huffington Post. A 2014 investigative series published by The Verge involved interviews with 150 of Comcast's employees. It sought to examine why the company has become so widely criticized by its customers, the media and even members of its own staff. The series claimed part of the problem is internal and that Comcast's staff endures unreasonable corporate policies. According to the report: "customer service has been replaced by an obsession with sales; technicians are understaffed while tech support is poorly trained; and the company is hobbled by internal fragmentation." A widely read article penned by an anonymous call center employee working for Comcast appeared in November 2014 on Cracked. Titled "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company," the article also claimed that Comcast is obsessed with sales, doesn't train its employees properly and concluded that "the system makes good customer service impossible."

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: often

text: criticized

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: media

text: and

text: its

text: own

text: staff

text: for

text: its

text: less

text: upstanding

text: policies

text: regarding

text: employee

text: relations

text: A

text: Reddit

text: post

text: written

text: by

text: an

text: anonymous

text: Comcast

text: call

text: center

text: employee

text: eager

text: to

text: share

text: their

text: negative

text: experiences

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: received

text: attention

text: from

text: publications

text: including

text: The

text: Huffington

text: Post

text: A

text: investigative

text: series

text: published

text: by

text: The

text: Verge

text: involved

text: interviews

text: with

text: of

text: Comcast

text: 's

text: employees

text: It

text: sought

text: to

text: examine

text: why

text: the

text: company

text: has

text: become

text: so

text: widely

text: criticized

text: by

text: its

text: customers

text: the

text: media

text: and

text: even

text: members

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: staff

text: The

text: series

text: claimed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: is

text: internal

text: and

text: that

text: Comcast

text: 's

text: staff

text: endures

text: unreasonable

text: corporate

text: policies

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: report

text: customer

text: service

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: an

text: obsession

text: with

text: sales

text: technicians

text: are

text: understaffed

text: while

text: tech

text: support

text: is

text: poorly

text: trained

text: and

text: the

text: company

text: is

text: hobbled

text: by

text: internal

text: fragmentation

text: A

text: widely

text: read

text: article

text: penned

text: by

text: an

text: anonymous

text: call

text: center

text: employee

text: working

text: for

text: Comcast

text: appeared

text: in

text: November

text: on

text: Cracked

text: Titled

text: Five

text: Nightmares

text: You

text: Live

text: While

text: Working

text: For

text: America

text: 's

text: Worst

text: Company

text: the

text: article

text: also

text: claimed

text: that

text: Comcast

text: is

text: obsessed

text: with

text: sales

text: does

text: n't

text: train

text: its

text: employees

text: properly

text: and

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: system

text: makes

text: good

text: customer

text: service

text: impossible

question: Besides customer problems, what other area is Comcast often criticized over?

answer: employee relations

text: employee relations

question: What online media outlet ran an investigative series on Comcast in 2014?

answer: The Verge

text: The Verge

question: How many Comcast employees were interviewed for that investigative report?

answer: 150

question: What online publication ran a feature from a Comcast employee in 2014 that received attention?

answer: Cracked

text: Cracked

question: What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called?

answer: "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company,"

text: "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company,"


text: In 2002, Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" was voted "the UK's favourite hit of all time" in a poll conducted by the Guinness World Records British Hit Singles Book. In 2004 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Many scholars consider the "Bohemian Rhapsody" music video ground-breaking, and credit it with popularising the medium. Rock historian Paul Fowles states the song is "widely credited as the first global hit single for which an accompanying video was central to the marketing strategy". It has been hailed as launching the MTV age. Acclaimed for their stadium rock, in 2005 an industry poll ranked Queen's performance at Live Aid in 1985 as the best live act in history. In 2007, they were also voted the greatest British band in history by BBC Radio 2 listeners.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: In

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: was

text: voted

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: favourite

text: hit

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: a

text: poll

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: British

text: Hit

text: Singles

text: Book

text: In

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Many

text: scholars

text: consider

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: music

text: video

text: ground

text: breaking

text: and

text: credit

text: it

text: with

text: popularising

text: the

text: medium

text: Rock

text: historian

text: Paul

text: Fowles

text: states

text: the

text: song

text: is

text: widely

text: credited

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: global

text: hit

text: single

text: for

text: which

text: an

text: accompanying

text: video

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: marketing

text: strategy

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: hailed

text: as

text: launching

text: the

text: MTV

text: age

text: Acclaimed

text: for

text: their

text: stadium

text: rock

text: in

text: an

text: industry

text: poll

text: ranked

text: Queen

text: 's

text: performance

text: at

text: Live

text: Aid

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: live

text: act

text: in

text: history

text: In

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: voted

text: the

text: greatest

text: British

text: band

text: in

text: history

text: by

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: listeners

question: What song was voted the UK's favorite hit of all time in 2002?

answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

text: Bohemian Rhapsody

question: What Queen song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2004?

answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

text: Bohemian Rhapsody

question: Which Queen video was credited with launching the MTV video age?

answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

text: Bohemian Rhapsody

question: A 2005 poll stated that which band's performance at Live Aid was the best ever?

answer: Queen

text: Queen


text: Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that "his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual."

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: output

text: as

text: a

text: composer

text: throughout

text: this

text: period

text: declined

text: in

text: quantity

text: year

text: by

text: year

text: Whereas

text: in

text: he

text: had

text: written

text: a

text: dozen

text: works

text: only

text: six

text: were

text: written

text: in

text: and

text: six

text: shorter

text: pieces

text: in

text: In

text: he

text: wrote

text: only

text: the

text: Op

text: sonata

text: saw

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: three

text: mazurkas

text: Op

text: Although

text: these

text: works

text: were

text: more

text: refined

text: than

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: earlier

text: compositions

text: Zamoyski

text: opines

text: that

text: his

text: powers

text: of

text: concentration

text: were

text: failing

text: and

text: his

text: inspiration

text: was

text: beset

text: by

text: anguish

text: both

text: emotional

text: and

text: intellectual

question: What was the name of the single piece of work he wrote in 1844?

answer: Op. 58 sonata

text: Op. 58 sonata

question: What can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less?

answer: more refined than many of his earlier compositions

text: more refined than many of his earlier compositions

question: How many pieces did Chopin write in 1841?

answer: a dozen

text: a dozen

question: How many pieces did Chopin compose in 1842?

answer: six

text: six

question: What piece did Chopin compose in 1844?

answer: Op. 58 sonata

text: Op. 58 sonata

question: How many works did Chopin write in 1842?

answer: six

text: six

question: How many works did Chopin write in 1843?

answer: six shorter pieces

text: six shorter pieces

question: How many works did Chopin write in 1845?

answer: three mazurkas

text: three mazurkas


text: Notable Old Etonians in the media include the former Political Editor of both ITN and The Times, Julian Haviland; the current BBC Deputy Political Editor, James Landale, and the BBC Science Editor, David Shukman; the current President of Conde Nast International and Managing Director of Conde Nast UK, Nicholas Coleridge; the former ITN newscaster and BBC Panorama presenter, Ludovic Kennedy; current BBC World News and BBC Rough Justice current affairs presenter David Jessel; former chief ITV and Channel 4 racing commentator John Oaksey; 1950s BBC newsreader and 1960s ITN newscaster Timothy Brinton; 1960s BBC newsreader Corbet Woodall; the former Editor of The Daily Telegraph, Charles Moore; the former Editor of The Spectator, Ferdinand Mount; and the current Editor of The Mail on Sunday, Geordie Greig.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Notable

text: Old

text: Etonians

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: include

text: the

text: former

text: Political

text: Editor

text: of

text: both

text: ITN

text: and

text: The

text: Times

text: Julian

text: Haviland

text: the

text: current

text: BBC

text: Deputy

text: Political

text: Editor

text: James

text: Landale

text: and

text: the

text: BBC

text: Science

text: Editor

text: David

text: Shukman

text: the

text: current

text: President

text: of

text: Conde

text: Nast

text: International

text: and

text: Managing

text: Director

text: of

text: Conde

text: Nast

text: UK

text: Nicholas

text: Coleridge

text: the

text: former

text: ITN

text: newscaster

text: and

text: BBC

text: Panorama

text: presenter

text: Ludovic

text: Kennedy

text: current

text: BBC

text: World

text: News

text: and

text: BBC

text: Rough

text: Justice

text: current

text: affairs

text: presenter

text: David

text: Jessel

text: former

text: chief

text: ITV

text: and

text: Channel

text: racing

text: commentator

text: John

text: Oaksey

text: BBC

text: newsreader

text: and

text: ITN

text: newscaster

text: Timothy

text: Brinton

text: BBC

text: newsreader

text: Corbet

text: Woodall

text: the

text: former

text: Editor

text: of

text: The

text: Daily

text: Telegraph

text: Charles

text: Moore

text: the

text: former

text: Editor

text: of

text: The

text: Spectator

text: Ferdinand

text: Mount

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: Editor

text: of

text: The

text: Mail

text: on

text: Sunday

text: Geordie

text: Greig

question: Which current BBC Deputy Political Editor attended Eton?

answer: James Landale

text: James Landale

question: Which former Editor of the Daily Telegraph attended Eton?

answer: Charles Moore

text: Charles Moore

question: Who is a former Eton alumn and current Editor of The Mail on Sunday?

answer: Geordie Greig

text: Geordie Greig


text: A commutated DC motor has a set of rotating windings wound on an armature mounted on a rotating shaft. The shaft also carries the commutator, a long-lasting rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings as the shaft rotates. Thus, every brushed DC motor has AC flowing through its rotating windings. Current flows through one or more pairs of brushes that bear on the commutator; the brushes connect an external source of electric power to the rotating armature.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: A

text: commutated

text: DC

text: motor

text: has

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: rotating

text: windings

text: wound

text: on

text: an

text: armature

text: mounted

text: on

text: a

text: rotating

text: shaft

text: The

text: shaft

text: also

text: carries

text: the

text: commutator

text: a

text: long

text: lasting

text: rotary

text: electrical

text: switch

text: that

text: periodically

text: reverses

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: rotor

text: windings

text: as

text: the

text: shaft

text: rotates

text: Thus

text: every

text: brushed

text: DC

text: motor

text: has

text: AC

text: flowing

text: through

text: its

text: rotating

text: windings

text: Current

text: flows

text: through

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: pairs

text: of

text: brushes

text: that

text: bear

text: on

text: the

text: commutator

text: the

text: brushes

text: connect

text: an

text: external

text: source

text: of

text: electric

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: rotating

text: armature

question: What does the communicator do?

answer: reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings

text: reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings

question: What type of current is featured in brushed DC motors?

answer: AC

text: AC

question: Where do brushes get their power?

answer: external

text: external

question: What is the main feature of the shaft in a commutated DC motor?

answer: rotating

text: rotating


text: Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, avoiding foreign interference, and making the end of slavery a war goal. The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend, and it failed to keep its ports open and its rivers clear. The North kept up the pressure as the South could barely feed and clothe its soldiers. Its soldiers, especially those in the East under the command of General Robert E. Lee proved highly resourceful until they finally were overwhelmed by Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman in 1864–65, The Reconstruction Era (1863–77) began with the Emancipation proclamation in 1863, and included freedom, full citizenship and the vote for the Southern blacks. It was followed by a reaction that left the blacks in a second class status legally, politically, socially and economically until the 1960s.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Northern

text: leaders

text: agreed

text: that

text: victory

text: would

text: require

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: fighting

text: Secession

text: and

text: Confederate

text: nationalism

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: totally

text: repudiated

text: and

text: all

text: forms

text: of

text: slavery

text: or

text: quasi

text: slavery

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: eliminated

text: Lincoln

text: proved

text: effective

text: in

text: mobilizing

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: war

text: goals

text: raising

text: large

text: armies

text: and

text: supplying

text: them

text: avoiding

text: foreign

text: interference

text: and

text: making

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: slavery

text: a

text: war

text: goal

text: The

text: Confederacy

text: had

text: a

text: larger

text: area

text: than

text: it

text: could

text: defend

text: and

text: it

text: failed

text: to

text: keep

text: its

text: ports

text: open

text: and

text: its

text: rivers

text: clear

text: The

text: North

text: kept

text: up

text: the

text: pressure

text: as

text: the

text: South

text: could

text: barely

text: feed

text: and

text: clothe

text: its

text: soldiers

text: Its

text: soldiers

text: especially

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: General

text: Robert

text: E.

text: Lee

text: proved

text: highly

text: resourceful

text: until

text: they

text: finally

text: were

text: overwhelmed

text: by

text: Generals

text: Ulysses

text: S.

text: Grant

text: and

text: William

text: T.

text: Sherman

text: in

text: The

text: Reconstruction

text: Era

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Emancipation

text: proclamation

text: in

text: and

text: included

text: freedom

text: full

text: citizenship

text: and

text: the

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: Southern

text: blacks

text: It

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: reaction

text: that

text: left

text: the

text: blacks

text: in

text: a

text: second

text: class

text: status

text: legally

text: politically

text: socially

text: and

text: economically

text: until

text: the

question: What did northern leaders agree on about slavery?

answer: all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.

text: all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.

question: What did Lincoln do well in the war?

answer: mobilizing support for the war goals

text: mobilizing support for the war goals

question: Why couldn't the confederacy defend their ports?

answer: The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend

text: The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend

question: General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy?

answer: the East

text: the East

question: The south could barely do what for their souldiers?

answer: feed and clothe

text: feed and clothe


text: Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up to 320 kbit/s.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Non

text: standard

text: bit

text: rates

text: up

text: to

text: kbit

text: s

text: can

text: be

text: achieved

text: with

text: the

text: LAME

text: encoder

text: and

text: the

text: freeformat

text: option

text: although

text: few

text: players

text: can

text: play

text: those

text: files

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: ISO

text: standard

text: decoders

text: are

text: only

text: required

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: decode

text: streams

text: up

text: to

text: kbit

text: s

question: The LAME encoder allows bit rates that are what?

answer: Non-standard

text: Non-standard

question: Even though few MP3 players can play it, LAME also offers which option?

answer: freeformat

text: freeformat

question: What is the highest bit rate the LAME encoder allows?

answer: 640 kbit/s

text: 640 kbit/s

question: The ISO standard dictates that decoders only need to be able to decode streams that have how high of a bit rate?

answer: 320


text: Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry, "achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career. Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as "America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself." London Business School academics called her a "dynamic entrepreneur" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success. Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her." Hazel Blackmore and Rafael Fernández de Castro in the book ¿Qué es Estados Unidos? from the Fondo de Cultura Económica, noted: "Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself; creating fashion, breaking taboos and provoking controversies."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: has

text: received

text: acclaim

text: as

text: a

text: role

text: model

text: for

text: businesswomen

text: in

text: her

text: industry

text: achieving

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: financial

text: control

text: that

text: women

text: had

text: long

text: fought

text: for

text: within

text: the

text: industry

text: and

text: generating

text: over

text: billion

text: in

text: sales

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: Professor

text: Colin

text: Barrow

text: from

text: Cranfield

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: described

text: Madonna

text: as

text: America

text: 's

text: smartest

text: businesswoman

text: who

text: has

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: her

text: industry

text: and

text: stayed

text: there

text: by

text: constantly

text: reinventing

text: herself

text: London

text: Business

text: School

text: academics

text: called

text: her

text: a

text: dynamic

text: entrepreneur

text: worth

text: copying

text: they

text: identified

text: her

text: vision

text: of

text: success

text: her

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: her

text: ability

text: to

text: recognize

text: her

text: own

text: performance

text: limits

text: and

text: thus

text: bring

text: in

text: help

text: her

text: willingness

text: to

text: work

text: hard

text: and

text: her

text: ability

text: to

text: adapt

text: as

text: the

text: keys

text: to

text: her

text: commercial

text: success

text: Morton

text: wrote

text: that

text: Madonna

text: is

text: opportunistic

text: manipulative

text: and

text: ruthless

text: somebody

text: who

text: wo

text: n't

text: stop

text: until

text: she

text: gets

text: what

text: she

text: wants

text: and

text: that

text: 's

text: something

text: you

text: can

text: get

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: maybe

text: losing

text: your

text: close

text: ones

text: But

text: that

text: hardly

text: mattered

text: to

text: her

text: Hazel

text: Blackmore

text: and

text: Rafael

text: Fernández

text: de

text: Castro

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Qué

text: es

text: Estados

text: Unidos

text: from

text: the

text: Fondo

text: de

text: Cultura

text: Económica

text: noted

text: Madonna

text: has

text: been

text: undoubtedly

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: woman

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: a

text: great

text: businesswoman

text: in

text: herself

text: creating

text: fashion

text: breaking

text: taboos

text: and

text: provoking

text: controversies

question: Who is an acclaim role model business woman?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: Madonna generated how much in sales in the first 10 years of her career?

answer: $1.2 billion in

text: $1.2 billion in

question: Who called Madonna a dynamic entrepreneur?

answer: London Business School academics

text: London Business School academics

question: Who wrote that Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless?

answer: Morton

text: Morton


text: In October 2014, Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop. The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015. The line will launch in April 2016.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: October

text: Beyoncé

text: signed

text: a

text: deal

text: to

text: launch

text: an

text: activewear

text: line

text: of

text: clothing

text: with

text: British

text: fashion

text: retailer

text: Topshop

text: The

text: venture

text: is

text: called

text: Parkwood

text: Topshop

text: Athletic

text: Ltd

text: and

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: launch

text: its

text: first

text: dance

text: fitness

text: and

text: sports

text: ranges

text: in

text: autumn

text: The

text: line

text: will

text: launch

text: in

text: April

question: Beyonce, during October 2014, partnered with whom to produce an outdoor line of clothing?

answer: Topshop

text: Topshop

question: Beyonce and Topshops first products were to be sold in stores when?

answer: autumn 2015

text: autumn 2015

question: What is the new business called?

answer: Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd

text: Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd

question: What is Beyonce's percentage of ownership in the new venture?

answer: 50

question: When will the full line appear?

answer: April 2016

text: April 2016

question: What company did Beyoncé contract with to sell clothing in England?

answer: Topshop

text: Topshop

question: What is the name of the equal partnership's fashion line between Beyoncé and the British company to come out in 2016?

answer: Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd

text: Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd

question: What type of clothing does the British partnership with Beyoncé sell?

answer: activewear

text: activewear


text: On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: On

text: the

text: evening

text: of

text: April

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: military

text: staged

text: a

text: coup

text: d'état

text: and

text: arrested

text: the

text: interim

text: president

text: and

text: a

text: leading

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: Former

text: vice

text: chief

text: of

text: staff

text: General

text: Mamadu

text: Ture

text: Kuruma

text: assumed

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: transitional

text: period

text: and

text: started

text: negotiations

text: with

text: opposition

text: parties

question: When was a coup d'etat staged?

answer: 12 April 2012

text: 12 April 2012

question: Who staged the coup d'etat?

answer: members of the country's military

text: members of the country's military

question: Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?

answer: Mamadu Ture Kuruma

text: Mamadu Ture Kuruma

question: Who did Kuruma negotiate with?

answer: opposition parties

text: opposition parties

question: What was Kuruma's former position?

answer: vice chief of staff

text: vice chief of staff