text: With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army, and possible service in the Vietnam War), John Kerry's contrasting status as a decorated Vietnam War veteran posed a problem for Bush's re-election campaign, which Republicans sought to counter by calling Kerry's war record into question. As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) opposed Kerry's campaign. The group held press conferences, ran ads and endorsed a book questioning Kerry's service record and his military awards. The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Most of Kerry's former crewmates have stated that SBVT's allegations are false.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: With

text: the

text: continuing

text: controversy

text: that

text: had

text: surrounded

text: the

text: military

text: service

text: of

text: George

text: W.

text: Bush

text: since

text: the

text: Presidential

text: election

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: having

text: used

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: political

text: influence

text: to

text: gain

text: entrance

text: to

text: the

text: Texas

text: Air

text: National

text: Guard

text: thereby

text: protecting

text: himself

text: from

text: conscription

text: into

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: and

text: possible

text: service

text: in

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: John

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: contrasting

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: decorated

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: veteran

text: posed

text: a

text: problem

text: for

text: Bush

text: 's

text: re

text: election

text: campaign

text: which

text: Republicans

text: sought

text: to

text: counter

text: by

text: calling

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: war

text: record

text: into

text: question

text: As

text: the

text: presidential

text: campaign

text: of

text: developed

text: approximately

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: called

text: Swift

text: Boat

text: Veterans

text: for

text: Truth

text: SBVT

text: later

text: renamed

text: Swift

text: Vets

text: and

text: POWs

text: for

text: Truth

text: opposed

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: campaign

text: The

text: group

text: held

text: press

text: conferences

text: ran

text: ads

text: and

text: endorsed

text: a

text: book

text: questioning

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: service

text: record

text: and

text: his

text: military

text: awards

text: The

text: group

text: included

text: several

text: members

text: of

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: unit

text: such

text: as

text: Larry

text: Thurlow

text: who

text: commanded

text: a

text: swift

text: boat

text: alongside

text: of

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: and

text: Stephen

text: Gardner

text: who

text: served

text: on

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: boat

text: The

text: campaign

text: inspired

text: the

text: widely

text: used

text: political

text: pejorative

text: swiftboating

text: to

text: describe

text: an

text: unfair

text: or

text: untrue

text: political

text: attack

text: Most

text: of

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: former

text: crewmates

text: have

text: stated

text: that

text: SBVT

text: 's

text: allegations

text: are

text: false

question: Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam?

answer: his father

text: his father

question: What military branch was George W. Bush in?

answer: the Texas Air National Guard

text: the Texas Air National Guard

question: How did Republicans attack Kerry?

answer: by calling Kerry's war record into question

text: by calling Kerry's war record into question

question: What did SBVT change its name to?

answer: Swift Vets and POWs for Truth

text: Swift Vets and POWs for Truth

question: What term was inspired by the attacks on Kerry?

answer: swiftboating

text: swiftboating


text: The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall). Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo. The School participates in many national competitions; many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra, and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians. A former Precentor of the college, Ralph Allwood set up and organised Eton Choral Courses, which run at the School every summer.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: The

text: current

text: Precentor

text: Head

text: of

text: Music

text: is

text: Tim

text: Johnson

text: and

text: the

text: School

text: boasts

text: eight

text: organs

text: and

text: an

text: entire

text: building

text: for

text: music

text: performance

text: spaces

text: include

text: the

text: School

text: Hall

text: the

text: Farrer

text: Theatre

text: and

text: two

text: halls

text: dedicated

text: to

text: music

text: the

text: Parry

text: Hall

text: and

text: the

text: Concert

text: Hall

text: Many

text: instruments

text: are

text: taught

text: including

text: obscure

text: ones

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: didgeridoo

text: The

text: School

text: participates

text: in

text: many

text: national

text: competitions

text: many

text: pupils

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Youth

text: Orchestra

text: and

text: the

text: School

text: gives

text: scholarships

text: for

text: dedicated

text: and

text: talented

text: musicians

text: A

text: former

text: Precentor

text: of

text: the

text: college

text: Ralph

text: Allwood

text: set

text: up

text: and

text: organised

text: Eton

text: Choral

text: Courses

text: which

text: run

text: at

text: the

text: School

text: every

text: summer

question: What term is given to the Head of Music?

answer: "Precentor"

text: "Precentor"

question: What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?

answer: didgeridoo

text: didgeridoo

question: Who is the current Precentor?

answer: Tim Johnson

text: Tim Johnson

question: How many organs does Eton house?

answer: eight

text: eight


text: The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win. French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy, which won a decisive victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805. Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied, including those of the Netherlands, which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810. France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815. Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties: France ceded the Ionian Islands, Malta (which it had occupied in 1797 and 1798 respectively), Mauritius, St Lucia, and Tobago; Spain ceded Trinidad; the Netherlands Guyana, and the Cape Colony. Britain returned Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Réunion to France, and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands, while gaining control of Ceylon (1795–1815).

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: were

text: therefore

text: ones

text: in

text: which

text: Britain

text: invested

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: capital

text: and

text: resources

text: to

text: win

text: French

text: ports

text: were

text: blockaded

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: which

text: won

text: a

text: decisive

text: victory

text: over

text: a

text: Franco

text: Spanish

text: fleet

text: at

text: Trafalgar

text: in

text: Overseas

text: colonies

text: were

text: attacked

text: and

text: occupied

text: including

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: which

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: in

text: France

text: was

text: finally

text: defeated

text: by

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: European

text: armies

text: in

text: Britain

text: was

text: again

text: the

text: beneficiary

text: of

text: peace

text: treaties

text: France

text: ceded

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Islands

text: Malta

text: which

text: it

text: had

text: occupied

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: Mauritius

text: St

text: Lucia

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Spain

text: ceded

text: Trinidad

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Guyana

text: and

text: the

text: Cape

text: Colony

text: Britain

text: returned

text: Guadeloupe

text: Martinique

text: French

text: Guiana

text: and

text: Réunion

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: Java

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: while

text: gaining

text: control

text: of

text: Ceylon

question: The British Royal Navy blockaded which ports?

answer: French

text: French

question: Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805?

answer: Trafalgar

text: Trafalgar

question: When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon?

answer: 1810

question: When was Napoleon finally defeated?

answer: 1815

question: The Napoleonic peace treaty had Ceylon given to which country?

answer: Britain

text: Britain


text: Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III was allowed to crown himself "King in Prussia" in 1701. The new kingdom ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty became known as the Kingdom of Prussia. The designation "Kingdom of Prussia" was gradually applied to the various lands of Brandenburg-Prussia. To differentiate from the larger entity, the former Duchy of Prussia became known as Altpreußen ("Old Prussia"), the province of Prussia, or "East Prussia".

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: Although

text: Brandenburg

text: was

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: the

text: Prussian

text: lands

text: were

text: not

text: within

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: were

text: with

text: the

text: administration

text: by

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: grandmasters

text: under

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: In

text: return

text: for

text: supporting

text: Emperor

text: Leopold

text: I

text: in

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Succession

text: Elector

text: Frederick

text: III

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: crown

text: himself

text: King

text: in

text: Prussia

text: in

text: The

text: new

text: kingdom

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Hohenzollern

text: dynasty

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: The

text: designation

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: was

text: gradually

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: lands

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: Prussia

text: To

text: differentiate

text: from

text: the

text: larger

text: entity

text: the

text: former

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Altpreußen

text: Old

text: Prussia

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Prussia

text: or

text: East

text: Prussia

question: Brandenburg was part of what dominating force?

answer: Holy Roman Empire

text: Holy Roman Empire

question: What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under?

answer: Teutonic Order

text: Teutonic Order

question: Who elected there self as King of Prussia in 1701?

answer: Frederick III

text: Frederick III

question: What did the former Duchy of Prussia become known as?

answer: Altpreußen ("Old Prussia")

text: Altpreußen ("Old Prussia")


text: The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contemporary scholarship. They rejected claims of the absolute divine authorship of the Torah, declaring only biblical laws concerning ethics to be binding, and stated that the rest of halakha (Jewish law) need not be viewed as normative for Jews in wider society. (see Reform Judaism).

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: The

text: roots

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: or

text: early

text: century

text: when

text: elements

text: within

text: German

text: Jewry

text: sought

text: to

text: reform

text: Jewish

text: belief

text: and

text: practice

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: Jewish

text: Emancipation

text: and

text: Haskalah

text: They

text: sought

text: to

text: modernize

text: education

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: contemporary

text: scholarship

text: They

text: rejected

text: claims

text: of

text: the

text: absolute

text: divine

text: authorship

text: of

text: the

text: Torah

text: declaring

text: only

text: biblical

text: laws

text: concerning

text: ethics

text: to

text: be

text: binding

text: and

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: halakha

text: Jewish

text: law

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: normative

text: for

text: Jews

text: in

text: wider

text: society

text: see

text: Reform

text: Judaism

question: When can the roots of orthodox judaism be traced to?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: When did the German Jewry seek to reform Jewish belief?

answer: early 19th century

text: early 19th century

question: what did orthodox jews seek to modernize?

answer: education

text: education

question: what did the German Jewry reject about the Torah?

answer: absolute divine authorship

text: absolute divine authorship


text: A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent. Consent will not be invalidated if the misunderstanding was due to the state's own conduct, or if the truth should have been evident.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: A

text: state

text: 's

text: consent

text: may

text: be

text: invalidated

text: if

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: erroneous

text: understanding

text: of

text: a

text: fact

text: or

text: situation

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: conclusion

text: which

text: formed

text: the

text: essential

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: consent

text: Consent

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: invalidated

text: if

text: the

text: misunderstanding

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: own

text: conduct

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: truth

text: should

text: have

text: been

text: evident

question: What on behalf of a state cannot invalidate that state's consent to a treaty?

answer: own conduct

text: own conduct

question: Consent to a treaty will not be invalidated if what should have been evident?

answer: the truth

text: the truth

question: What may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion of a treaty?

answer: A state's consent

text: A state's consent

question: An erroneous understanding of a fact or situation may only invalidate a state's consent to a treaty if what is also true about the erroneous understanding?

answer: formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent

text: formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent

question: What, if it formed the "essential basis" of a state's consent to a treaty, may invalidate that consent?

answer: an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation

text: an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation


text: In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers. Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time. The Z3 was Turing complete.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: In

text: Zuse

text: followed

text: his

text: earlier

text: machine

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: working

text: electromechanical

text: programmable

text: fully

text: automatic

text: digital

text: computer

text: The

text: was

text: built

text: with

text: relays

text: implementing

text: a

text: bit

text: word

text: length

text: that

text: operated

text: at

text: a

text: clock

text: frequency

text: of

text: about

text: Hz

text: Program

text: code

text: was

text: supplied

text: on

text: punched

text: film

text: while

text: data

text: could

text: be

text: stored

text: in

text: words

text: of

text: memory

text: or

text: supplied

text: from

text: the

text: keyboard

text: It

text: was

text: quite

text: similar

text: to

text: modern

text: machines

text: in

text: some

text: respects

text: pioneering

text: numerous

text: advances

text: such

text: as

text: floating

text: point

text: numbers

text: Replacement

text: of

text: the

text: hard

text: to

text: implement

text: decimal

text: system

text: used

text: in

text: Charles

text: Babbage

text: 's

text: earlier

text: design

text: by

text: the

text: simpler

text: binary

text: system

text: meant

text: that

text: Zuse

text: 's

text: machines

text: were

text: easier

text: to

text: build

text: and

text: potentially

text: more

text: reliable

text: given

text: the

text: technologies

text: available

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: The

text: was

text: Turing

text: complete

question: When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer?

answer: 1941

question: What was the first automatic, digital, programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse?

answer: the Z3

text: the Z3

question: How many relays did the Z3 contain?

answer: 2000

question: What did the Z3 operate for a clock frequency?

answer: about 5–10 Hz

text: about 5–10 Hz

question: How many words of memory could be stored with the Z3?

answer: 64


text: Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: AC

text: has

text: spawned

text: subgenres

text: including

text: hot

text: AC

text: soft

text: AC

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: lite

text: AC

text: urban

text: AC

text: rhythmic

text: AC

text: and

text: Christian

text: AC

text: a

text: softer

text: type

text: of

text: contemporary

text: Christian

text: music

text: Some

text: stations

text: play

text: only

text: hot

text: AC

text: soft

text: AC

text: or

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: subgenres

text: Therefore

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: usually

text: considered

text: a

text: specific

text: genre

text: of

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: merely

text: an

text: assemblage

text: of

text: selected

text: tracks

text: from

text: musicians

text: of

text: many

text: different

text: genres

question: What is lite AC otherwise known as?

answer: soft AC

text: soft AC

question: What is Christian AC a subgenre of?

answer: contemporary Christian music

text: contemporary Christian music

question: Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music?

answer: rhythmic AC

text: rhythmic AC


text: On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: March

text: an

text: all

text: Russian

text: referendum

text: created

text: the

text: post

text: of

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: RSFSR

text: On

text: June

text: Boris

text: Yeltsin

text: was

text: elected

text: President

text: of

text: Russia

text: by

text: popular

text: vote

text: During

text: an

text: unsuccessful

text: coup

text: attempt

text: on

text: August

text: in

text: Moscow

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: Russia

text: President

text: of

text: Russia

text: Yeltsin

text: strongly

text: supported

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Mikhail

text: Gorbachev

question: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created?

answer: March 17, 1991

text: March 17, 1991

question: Who was the first President of the RSFSR?

answer: Boris Yeltsin

text: Boris Yeltsin

question: Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1991?

answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

text: Mikhail Gorbachev

question: On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur?

answer: June 12

text: June 12

question: During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow?

answer: August 19–21, 1991

text: August 19–21, 1991


text: The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by prosecution or more effectively by the landlord under threat of forfeiting his licence. Licences were only granted, transferred or renewed at special Licensing Sessions courts, and were limited to respectable individuals. Often these were ex-servicemen or ex-policemen; retiring to run a pub was popular amongst military officers at the end of their service. Licence conditions varied widely, according to local practice. They would specify permitted hours, which might require Sunday closing, or conversely permit all-night opening near a market. Typically they might require opening throughout the permitted hours, and the provision of food or lavatories. Once obtained, licences were jealously protected by the licensees (who were expected to be generally present, not an absentee owner or company), and even "Occasional Licences" to serve drinks at temporary premises such as fêtes would usually be granted only to existing licensees. Objections might be made by the police, rival landlords or anyone else on the grounds of infractions such as serving drunks, disorderly or dirty premises, or ignoring permitted hours.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: Wine

text: and

text: Beerhouse

text: Act

text: reintroduced

text: the

text: stricter

text: controls

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: century

text: The

text: sale

text: of

text: beers

text: wines

text: or

text: spirits

text: required

text: a

text: licence

text: for

text: the

text: premises

text: from

text: the

text: local

text: magistrates

text: Further

text: provisions

text: regulated

text: gaming

text: drunkenness

text: prostitution

text: and

text: undesirable

text: conduct

text: on

text: licensed

text: premises

text: enforceable

text: by

text: prosecution

text: or

text: more

text: effectively

text: by

text: the

text: landlord

text: under

text: threat

text: of

text: forfeiting

text: his

text: licence

text: Licences

text: were

text: only

text: granted

text: transferred

text: or

text: renewed

text: at

text: special

text: Licensing

text: Sessions

text: courts

text: and

text: were

text: limited

text: to

text: respectable

text: individuals

text: Often

text: these

text: were

text: ex

text: servicemen

text: or

text: ex

text: policemen

text: retiring

text: to

text: run

text: a

text: pub

text: was

text: popular

text: amongst

text: military

text: officers

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: their

text: service

text: Licence

text: conditions

text: varied

text: widely

text: according

text: to

text: local

text: practice

text: They

text: would

text: specify

text: permitted

text: hours

text: which

text: might

text: require

text: Sunday

text: closing

text: or

text: conversely

text: permit

text: all

text: night

text: opening

text: near

text: a

text: market

text: Typically

text: they

text: might

text: require

text: opening

text: throughout

text: the

text: permitted

text: hours

text: and

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: food

text: or

text: lavatories

text: Once

text: obtained

text: licences

text: were

text: jealously

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: licensees

text: who

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: generally

text: present

text: not

text: an

text: absentee

text: owner

text: or

text: company

text: and

text: even

text: Occasional

text: Licences

text: to

text: serve

text: drinks

text: at

text: temporary

text: premises

text: such

text: as

text: fêtes

text: would

text: usually

text: be

text: granted

text: only

text: to

text: existing

text: licensees

text: Objections

text: might

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: police

text: rival

text: landlords

text: or

text: anyone

text: else

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: infractions

text: such

text: as

text: serving

text: drunks

text: disorderly

text: or

text: dirty

text: premises

text: or

text: ignoring

text: permitted

text: hours

question: What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?

answer: Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869

text: Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869

question: At what locations were public house licenses granted?

answer: special Licensing Sessions courts

text: special Licensing Sessions courts

question: Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?

answer: ex-servicemen or ex-policemen

text: ex-servicemen or ex-policemen

question: What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises?

answer: Occasional Licences

text: Occasional Licences


text: Napoleon was born in Corsica to a relatively modest family of noble Tuscan ancestry. Napoleon supported the French Revolution from the outset in 1789 while serving in the French army, and he tried to spread its ideals to Corsica but was banished from the island in 1793. Two years later, he saved the French government from collapse by firing on the Parisian mobs with cannons. The Directory rewarded Napoleon by giving him command of the Army of Italy at age 26, when he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies, scoring a series of decisive victories that made him famous all across Europe. He followed the defeat of the Allies in Europe by commanding a military expedition to Egypt in 1798, invading and occupying the Ottoman province after defeating the Mamelukes and launching modern Egyptology through the discoveries made by his army.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Corsica

text: to

text: a

text: relatively

text: modest

text: family

text: of

text: noble

text: Tuscan

text: ancestry

text: Napoleon

text: supported

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: from

text: the

text: outset

text: in

text: while

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: and

text: he

text: tried

text: to

text: spread

text: its

text: ideals

text: to

text: Corsica

text: but

text: was

text: banished

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: he

text: saved

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: from

text: collapse

text: by

text: firing

text: on

text: the

text: Parisian

text: mobs

text: with

text: cannons

text: The

text: Directory

text: rewarded

text: Napoleon

text: by

text: giving

text: him

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: Italy

text: at

text: age

text: when

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: first

text: military

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Austrians

text: and

text: their

text: Italian

text: allies

text: scoring

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: decisive

text: victories

text: that

text: made

text: him

text: famous

text: all

text: across

text: Europe

text: He

text: followed

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: in

text: Europe

text: by

text: commanding

text: a

text: military

text: expedition

text: to

text: Egypt

text: in

text: invading

text: and

text: occupying

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: province

text: after

text: defeating

text: the

text: Mamelukes

text: and

text: launching

text: modern

text: Egyptology

text: through

text: the

text: discoveries

text: made

text: by

text: his

text: army

question: Of what ancestry was Napoleon?

answer: Tuscan

text: Tuscan

question: How did Napoleon save the French government in 1795?

answer: by firing on the Parisian mobs with cannons

text: by firing on the Parisian mobs with cannons

question: How old was Napoleon when he was given command of the Army of Italy?

answer: 26

question: Where did Napoleon lead his troops in 1798?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: Against whom was Napoleon's first military campaign waged?

answer: the Austrians

text: the Austrians

question: Where was Napoleon born?

answer: Corsica

text: Corsica

question: When was Napoleon banished from Corsica?

answer: 1793

question: At what age did Napoleon receive command of the Army of Italy?

answer: 26

question: Who did Napoleon fight his first military campaign against?

answer: the Austrians and their Italian allies

text: the Austrians and their Italian allies

question: When did Napoleon command his military expedition to Egypt?

answer: 1798


text: In 1992, after a three-year trial of daylight saving in Queensland, Australia, a referendum on daylight saving was held and defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote – with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan south-east were in favor. In 2005, the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores successfully lobbied for the 2007 extension to US DST. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered in Queensland, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time. DS4SEQ contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. After a three-year trial, more than 55% of Western Australians voted against DST in 2009, with rural areas strongly opposed. On 14 April 2010, after being approached by the DS4SEQ political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: In

text: after

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: trial

text: of

text: daylight

text: saving

text: in

text: Queensland

text: Australia

text: a

text: referendum

text: on

text: daylight

text: saving

text: was

text: held

text: and

text: defeated

text: with

text: a

text: no

text: vote

text: with

text: regional

text: and

text: rural

text: areas

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: while

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: south

text: east

text: were

text: in

text: favor

text: In

text: the

text: Sporting

text: Goods

text: Manufacturers

text: Association

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Convenience

text: Stores

text: successfully

text: lobbied

text: for

text: the

text: extension

text: to

text: US

text: DST

text: In

text: December

text: the

text: Daylight

text: Saving

text: for

text: South

text: East

text: Queensland

text: political

text: party

text: was

text: officially

text: registered

text: in

text: Queensland

text: advocating

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: a

text: dual

text: time

text: zone

text: arrangement

text: for

text: Daylight

text: Saving

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: Queensland

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: maintains

text: standard

text: time

text: contested

text: the

text: March

text: Queensland

text: State

text: election

text: with

text: candidates

text: and

text: received

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: statewide

text: primary

text: vote

text: equating

text: to

text: around

text: across

text: the

text: electorates

text: contested

text: After

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: trial

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: Western

text: Australians

text: voted

text: against

text: DST

text: in

text: with

text: rural

text: areas

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: On

text: April

text: after

text: being

text: approached

text: by

text: the

text: political

text: party

text: Queensland

text: Independent

text: member

text: Peter

text: Wellington

text: introduced

text: the

text: Daylight

text: Saving

text: for

text: South

text: East

text: Queensland

text: Referendum

text: Bill

text: into

text: Queensland

text: Parliament

text: calling

text: for

text: a

text: referendum

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: next

text: State

text: election

text: on

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: daylight

text: saving

text: into

text: South

text: East

text: Queensland

text: under

text: a

text: dual

text: time

text: zone

text: arrangement

text: The

text: Bill

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: Queensland

text: Parliament

text: on

text: June

question: What percentage of Queensland voted against the daylight saving referendum in 1992?

answer: 54.5%

question: What was the name of Queensland's political party set up solely to support their particular DST arrangement?

answer: Daylight Saving for South East Queensland

text: Daylight Saving for South East Queensland

question: In Australia, were rural or urban areas generally more strongly opposed to DST?

answer: rural

text: rural

question: What member of Queensland Parliament was responsible for finally bringing the DST for South East Queensland referendum to a vote?

answer: Peter Wellington

text: Peter Wellington


text: Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: "what does reality consist of?" and "how does it originate?" To idealists, spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas) are primary, and matter secondary. To materialists, matter is primary, and mind or spirit or ideas are secondary, the product of matter acting upon matter.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Despite

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: philosophical

text: schools

text: and

text: subtle

text: nuances

text: between

text: many

text: all

text: philosophies

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: fall

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: primary

text: categories

text: which

text: are

text: defined

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: Idealism

text: and

text: materialism.[a

text: The

text: basic

text: proposition

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: categories

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: reality

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: distinction

text: between

text: them

text: is

text: the

text: way

text: they

text: answer

text: two

text: fundamental

text: questions

text: what

text: does

text: reality

text: consist

text: of

text: and

text: how

text: does

text: it

text: originate

text: To

text: idealists

text: spirit

text: or

text: mind

text: or

text: the

text: objects

text: of

text: mind

text: ideas

text: are

text: primary

text: and

text: matter

text: secondary

text: To

text: materialists

text: matter

text: is

text: primary

text: and

text: mind

text: or

text: spirit

text: or

text: ideas

text: are

text: secondary

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: matter

text: acting

text: upon

text: matter

question: What is the first question to ask in order to define the two classes?

answer: "what does reality consist of?"

text: "what does reality consist of?"

question: What is the second question to ask in order to define the two classes?

answer: "how does it originate?"

text: "how does it originate?"

question: An idealist considers what as the most important?

answer: spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas)

text: spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas)

question: A materialist considers what as the most important?

answer: matter

text: matter


text: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World Cup title in 1966. The tournament was played on home soil and England defeated Germany 4–2 in the final. In 1990, England finished in fourth place, losing 2–1 to host nation Italy in the third place play-off after losing on penalties to champions Germany in the semi-final. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2002 and 2006. Previously, they reached this stage in 1954, 1962, 1970 and 1986.

title: England_national_football_team

title: England_national_football_team

text: England

text: first

text: appeared

text: at

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: and

text: have

text: appeared

text: in

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cups

text: they

text: are

text: tied

text: for

text: sixth

text: best

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: wins

text: alongside

text: France

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: national

text: team

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: eight

text: national

text: teams

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: title

text: The

text: England

text: team

text: won

text: their

text: first

text: and

text: only

text: World

text: Cup

text: title

text: in

text: The

text: tournament

text: was

text: played

text: on

text: home

text: soil

text: and

text: England

text: defeated

text: Germany

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: In

text: England

text: finished

text: in

text: fourth

text: place

text: losing

text: to

text: host

text: nation

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: place

text: play

text: off

text: after

text: losing

text: on

text: penalties

text: to

text: champions

text: Germany

text: in

text: the

text: semi

text: final

text: The

text: team

text: has

text: also

text: reached

text: the

text: quarter

text: final

text: on

text: two

text: recent

text: occasions

text: in

text: and

text: Previously

text: they

text: reached

text: this

text: stage

text: in

text: and

question: In how many FIFA world cups has England appeared?

answer: 14

question: Besides France, which other team is tied with England for number of appearances in the FIFA World Cup?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: In which year did England win the FIFA World Cup for the first and only time?

answer: 1966

question: In what place did England finish in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?

answer: fourth

text: fourth

question: Which country hosted the 1990 FIFA World Cup?

answer: Italy

text: Italy


text: Spanish was nonetheless the only official language in Galicia for more than four centuries. Over the many centuries of Castilian domination, Galician faded from day-to-day use in urban areas. The period since the re-establishment of democracy in Spain—in particular since the Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization", Ley 3/1983, 15 June 1983)—represents the first time since the introduction of mass education that a generation has attended school in Galician (Spanish is also still taught in Galician schools).

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Spanish

text: was

text: nonetheless

text: the

text: only

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Galicia

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: four

text: centuries

text: Over

text: the

text: many

text: centuries

text: of

text: Castilian

text: domination

text: Galician

text: faded

text: from

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: use

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: The

text: period

text: since

text: the

text: re

text: establishment

text: of

text: democracy

text: in

text: Spain

text: in

text: particular

text: since

text: the

text: Lei

text: de

text: Normalización

text: Lingüística

text: Law

text: of

text: Linguistic

text: Normalization

text: Ley

text: June

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: mass

text: education

text: that

text: a

text: generation

text: has

text: attended

text: school

text: in

text: Galician

text: Spanish

text: is

text: also

text: still

text: taught

text: in

text: Galician

text: schools

question: For how long was Spanish the official language of Galicia?

answer: more than four centuries

text: more than four centuries

question: In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician?

answer: 1983

question: What was the name of the law that enacted this?

answer: Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization"

text: Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization"


text: Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a problem even in Windows-only systems: there is no support for per-user timezone settings, only a single system-wide setting. In 2008 Microsoft hinted that future versions of Windows will partially support a Windows registry entry RealTimeIsUniversal that had been introduced many years earlier, when Windows NT supported RISC machines with UTC clocks, but had not been maintained. Since then at least two fixes related to this feature have been published by Microsoft.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: keeps

text: the

text: system

text: real

text: time

text: clock

text: in

text: local

text: time

text: This

text: causes

text: several

text: problems

text: including

text: compatibility

text: when

text: multi

text: booting

text: with

text: operating

text: systems

text: that

text: set

text: the

text: clock

text: to

text: UTC

text: and

text: double

text: adjusting

text: the

text: clock

text: when

text: multi

text: booting

text: different

text: Windows

text: versions

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: a

text: rescue

text: boot

text: disk

text: This

text: approach

text: is

text: a

text: problem

text: even

text: in

text: Windows

text: only

text: systems

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: support

text: for

text: per

text: user

text: timezone

text: settings

text: only

text: a

text: single

text: system

text: wide

text: setting

text: In

text: Microsoft

text: hinted

text: that

text: future

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: will

text: partially

text: support

text: a

text: Windows

text: registry

text: entry

text: RealTimeIsUniversal

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: many

text: years

text: earlier

text: when

text: Windows

text: NT

text: supported

text: RISC

text: machines

text: with

text: UTC

text: clocks

text: but

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: maintained

text: Since

text: then

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: fixes

text: related

text: to

text: this

text: feature

text: have

text: been

text: published

text: by

text: Microsoft

question: What does Microsoft Windows use internally for its real-time clock?

answer: local time

text: local time

question: Not using UTC, Windows can't multi boot with different versions of itself like you'd need to do to use what kind of disk?

answer: a rescue boot disk

text: a rescue boot disk

question: As opposed to providing support for users to have unique time zone settings, Windows will only allow for what?

answer: a single system-wide setting

text: a single system-wide setting

question: In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?

answer: 2008

question: Since 2008, at least how many times has Microsoft released fixes for the RealTimeIsUniversal feature?

answer: two

text: two


text: Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Like

text: other

text: digital

text: music

text: players

text: iPods

text: can

text: serve

text: as

text: external

text: data

text: storage

text: devices

text: Storage

text: capacity

text: varies

text: by

text: model

text: ranging

text: from

text: GB

text: for

text: the

text: iPod

text: Shuffle

text: to

text: GB

text: for

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: previously

text: GB

text: for

text: the

text: iPod

text: Classic

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: discontinued

question: In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?

answer: data storage

text: data storage

question: What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?

answer: 2 GB

text: 2 GB

question: What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?

answer: 128 GB

text: 128 GB

question: Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?

answer: iPod Shuffle

text: iPod Shuffle

question: Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?

answer: iPod Touch

text: iPod Touch

question: What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?

answer: 2 GB

text: 2 GB

question: What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?

answer: 128 GB

text: 128 GB


text: A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: A

text: person

text: can

text: be

text: exposed

text: to

text: uranium

text: or

text: its

text: radioactive

text: daughters

text: such

text: as

text: radon

text: by

text: inhaling

text: dust

text: in

text: air

text: or

text: by

text: ingesting

text: contaminated

text: water

text: and

text: food

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: uranium

text: in

text: air

text: is

text: usually

text: very

text: small

text: however

text: people

text: who

text: work

text: in

text: factories

text: that

text: process

text: phosphate

text: fertilizers

text: live

text: near

text: government

text: facilities

text: that

text: made

text: or

text: tested

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: live

text: or

text: work

text: near

text: a

text: modern

text: battlefield

text: where

text: depleted

text: uranium

text: weapons

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: or

text: live

text: or

text: work

text: near

text: a

text: coal

text: fired

text: power

text: plant

text: facilities

text: that

text: mine

text: or

text: process

text: uranium

text: ore

text: or

text: enrich

text: uranium

text: for

text: reactor

text: fuel

text: may

text: have

text: increased

text: exposure

text: to

text: uranium

text: Houses

text: or

text: structures

text: that

text: are

text: over

text: uranium

text: deposits

text: either

text: natural

text: or

text: man

text: made

text: slag

text: deposits

text: may

text: have

text: an

text: increased

text: incidence

text: of

text: exposure

text: to

text: radon

text: gas

text: The

text: Occupational

text: Safety

text: and

text: Health

text: Administration

text: OSHA

text: has

text: set

text: the

text: permissible

text: exposure

text: limit

text: for

text: uranium

text: exposure

text: in

text: the

text: workplace

text: as

text: mg

text: over

text: an

text: workday

text: The

text: National

text: Institute

text: for

text: Occupational

text: Safety

text: and

text: Health

text: NIOSH

text: has

text: set

text: a

text: recommended

text: exposure

text: limit

text: REL

text: of

text: mg

text: over

text: an

text: workday

text: and

text: a

text: short

text: term

text: limit

text: of

text: mg

text: At

text: levels

text: of

text: mg

text: uranium

text: is

text: immediately

text: dangerous

text: to

text: life

text: and

text: health

question: What is OSHA?

answer: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

text: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

question: What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?

answer: 0.25 mg/m3

text: 0.25 mg/m3

question: What does REL stand for?

answer: recommended exposure limit

text: recommended exposure limit

question: What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?

answer: 0.2 mg/m3

text: 0.2 mg/m3

question: At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?

answer: 10 mg/m3

text: 10 mg/m3


text: In the second half of the 20th century, developments in chemistry, electron microscopy, genetics, computer science, functional brain imaging, and other fields progressively opened new windows into brain structure and function. In the United States, the 1990s were officially designated as the "Decade of the Brain" to commemorate advances made in brain research, and to promote funding for such research.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: In

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: developments

text: in

text: chemistry

text: electron

text: microscopy

text: genetics

text: computer

text: science

text: functional

text: brain

text: imaging

text: and

text: other

text: fields

text: progressively

text: opened

text: new

text: windows

text: into

text: brain

text: structure

text: and

text: function

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: were

text: officially

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Decade

text: of

text: the

text: Brain

text: to

text: commemorate

text: advances

text: made

text: in

text: brain

text: research

text: and

text: to

text: promote

text: funding

text: for

text: such

text: research

question: Which decade in history was officially called the "Decade of the Brain"?

answer: the 1990s

text: the 1990s


text: After a new wave of UN sanctions, on 11 March 2013, North Korea claimed that it had invalidated the 1953 armistice. On 13 March 2013, North Korea confirmed it ended the 1953 Armistice and declared North Korea "is not restrained by the North-South declaration on non-aggression". On 30 March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered a "state of war" with South Korea and declared that "The long-standing situation of the Korean peninsula being neither at peace nor at war is finally over". Speaking on 4 April 2013, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chuck Hagel, informed the press that Pyongyang had "formally informed" the Pentagon that it had "ratified" the potential usage of a nuclear weapon against South Korea, Japan and the United States of America, including Guam and Hawaii. Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: After

text: a

text: new

text: wave

text: of

text: UN

text: sanctions

text: on

text: March

text: North

text: Korea

text: claimed

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: invalidated

text: the

text: armistice

text: On

text: March

text: North

text: Korea

text: confirmed

text: it

text: ended

text: the

text: Armistice

text: and

text: declared

text: North

text: Korea

text: is

text: not

text: restrained

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: South

text: declaration

text: on

text: non

text: aggression

text: On

text: March

text: North

text: Korea

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: entered

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: war

text: with

text: South

text: Korea

text: and

text: declared

text: that

text: The

text: long

text: standing

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: being

text: neither

text: at

text: peace

text: nor

text: at

text: war

text: is

text: finally

text: over

text: Speaking

text: on

text: April

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: Chuck

text: Hagel

text: informed

text: the

text: press

text: that

text: Pyongyang

text: had

text: formally

text: informed

text: the

text: Pentagon

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: ratified

text: the

text: potential

text: usage

text: of

text: a

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: against

text: South

text: Korea

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: including

text: Guam

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: Hagel

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: would

text: deploy

text: the

text: Terminal

text: High

text: Altitude

text: Area

text: Defense

text: anti

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: system

text: to

text: Guam

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: credible

text: and

text: realistic

text: nuclear

text: threat

text: from

text: North

text: Korea

question: Why is North Korea insisting that the 1953 armistice was violated?

answer: new wave of UN sanctions

text: new wave of UN sanctions

question: When did North Korea call an end to the armistice?

answer: 13 March 2013

text: 13 March 2013

question: In 2013, who what country did North Korea declare war on?

answer: South Korea

text: South Korea

question: What weapon does North Korea claim it now has the ability to use?

answer: a nuclear weapon

text: a nuclear weapon

question: How does the United States view North Korea's threats?

answer: credible and realistic nuclear threat

text: credible and realistic nuclear threat


text: U.S. submarines accounted for 56% of the Japanese merchantmen sunk; mines or aircraft destroyed most of the rest. US submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed. Furthermore, they played important reconnaissance roles, as at the battles of the Philippine Sea (June 1944) and Leyte Gulf (October 1944) (and, coincidentally,[clarification needed] at Midway in June 1942), when they gave accurate and timely warning of the approach of the Japanese fleet. Submarines also rescued hundreds of downed fliers, including future U.S. president George H.W. Bush.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: U.S.

text: submarines

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: merchantmen

text: sunk

text: mines

text: or

text: aircraft

text: destroyed

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: US

text: submariners

text: also

text: claimed

text: of

text: Japanese

text: warships

text: destroyed

text: Furthermore

text: they

text: played

text: important

text: reconnaissance

text: roles

text: as

text: at

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: June

text: and

text: Leyte

text: Gulf

text: October

text: and

text: coincidentally,[clarification

text: needed

text: at

text: Midway

text: in

text: June

text: when

text: they

text: gave

text: accurate

text: and

text: timely

text: warning

text: of

text: the

text: approach

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: fleet

text: Submarines

text: also

text: rescued

text: hundreds

text: of

text: downed

text: fliers

text: including

text: future

text: U.S.

text: president

text: George

text: H.W.

text: Bush

question: What percentage of Japanese merchantmen were sunk by U.S. submarines?

answer: 56%

question: What percentage of Japanese warships were sunk by U.S. submarines?

answer: 28%

question: What future U.S. president was rescued by a submarine?

answer: George H.W. Bush

text: George H.W. Bush

question: What was one of the important roles submarine played in the war?

answer: reconnaissance roles

text: reconnaissance roles


text: Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic interactions, which are dominated by the s-electrons through metallic bonds. Unlike metals with incomplete d-shells, metallic bonds in copper are lacking a covalent character and are relatively weak. This explains the low hardness and high ductility of single crystals of copper. At the macroscopic scale, introduction of extended defects to the crystal lattice, such as grain boundaries, hinders flow of the material under applied stress, thereby increasing its hardness. For this reason, copper is usually supplied in a fine-grained polycrystalline form, which has greater strength than monocrystalline forms.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: silver

text: and

text: gold

text: are

text: in

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: and

text: they

text: share

text: certain

text: attributes

text: they

text: have

text: one

text: s

text: orbital

text: electron

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: a

text: filled

text: d

text: electron

text: shell

text: and

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: high

text: ductility

text: and

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: The

text: filled

text: d

text: shells

text: in

text: these

text: elements

text: do

text: not

text: contribute

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: interatomic

text: interactions

text: which

text: are

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: s

text: electrons

text: through

text: metallic

text: bonds

text: Unlike

text: metals

text: with

text: incomplete

text: d

text: shells

text: metallic

text: bonds

text: in

text: copper

text: are

text: lacking

text: a

text: covalent

text: character

text: and

text: are

text: relatively

text: weak

text: This

text: explains

text: the

text: low

text: hardness

text: and

text: high

text: ductility

text: of

text: single

text: crystals

text: of

text: copper

text: At

text: the

text: macroscopic

text: scale

text: introduction

text: of

text: extended

text: defects

text: to

text: the

text: crystal

text: lattice

text: such

text: as

text: grain

text: boundaries

text: hinders

text: flow

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: under

text: applied

text: stress

text: thereby

text: increasing

text: its

text: hardness

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: copper

text: is

text: usually

text: supplied

text: in

text: a

text: fine

text: grained

text: polycrystalline

text: form

text: which

text: has

text: greater

text: strength

text: than

text: monocrystalline

text: forms

question: What group of the periodic table is copper in?

answer: group 11

text: group 11

question: Name a property that copper, silver and gold have in common.

answer: one s-orbital electron

text: one s-orbital electron

question: What makes copper bondings weaker than other metals?

answer: filled d-electron shell

text: filled d-electron shell

question: How is copper normally supplied?

answer: fine-grained polycrystalline form

text: fine-grained polycrystalline form

question: What is a weaker form of copper than fine-grained polycrystalline?

answer: monocrystalline forms

text: monocrystalline forms


text: Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that the baptisms were genuine, as both the form and matter of the sacrament had been performed through the recitation of the correct words and the administration of water, and that he must not continue to do this as those baptized had not been properly catechized. He invited Athanasius and his playfellows to prepare for clerical careers.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Rufinus

text: relates

text: a

text: story

text: that

text: as

text: Bishop

text: Alexander

text: stood

text: by

text: a

text: window

text: he

text: watched

text: boys

text: playing

text: on

text: the

text: seashore

text: below

text: imitating

text: the

text: ritual

text: of

text: Christian

text: baptism

text: He

text: sent

text: for

text: the

text: children

text: and

text: discovered

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: boys

text: Athanasius

text: had

text: acted

text: as

text: bishop

text: After

text: questioning

text: Athanasius

text: Bishop

text: Alexander

text: informed

text: him

text: that

text: the

text: baptisms

text: were

text: genuine

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: form

text: and

text: matter

text: of

text: the

text: sacrament

text: had

text: been

text: performed

text: through

text: the

text: recitation

text: of

text: the

text: correct

text: words

text: and

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: water

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: must

text: not

text: continue

text: to

text: do

text: this

text: as

text: those

text: baptized

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: properly

text: catechized

text: He

text: invited

text: Athanasius

text: and

text: his

text: playfellows

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: clerical

text: careers

question: Were the pretend baptisms real?

answer: the baptisms were genuine

text: the baptisms were genuine

question: As a child, Athanasius imitated what ritual?

answer: ritual of Christian baptism

text: ritual of Christian baptism

question: What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius?

answer: clerical careers

text: clerical careers

question: Why was Athanasius instructed to stop pretend baptising?

answer: not been properly catechized

text: not been properly catechized


text: The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists. Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves. Nearly all dog breeds' genetic closeness to the gray wolf are due to admixture, except several Arctic dog breeds are close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: domestic

text: dog

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: familiaris

text: or

text: Canis

text: familiaris

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: Whole

text: genome

text: sequencing

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: dog

text: the

text: gray

text: wolf

text: and

text: the

text: extinct

text: Taymyr

text: wolf

text: diverged

text: at

text: around

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: years

text: ago

text: These

text: dates

text: imply

text: that

text: the

text: earliest

text: dogs

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: human

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: and

text: not

text: agriculturists

text: Modern

text: dogs

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: ancient

text: wolf

text: fossils

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Europe

text: than

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: modern

text: gray

text: wolves

text: Nearly

text: all

text: dog

text: breeds

text: genetic

text: closeness

text: to

text: the

text: gray

text: wolf

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: admixture

text: except

text: several

text: Arctic

text: dog

text: breeds

text: are

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Taimyr

text: wolf

text: of

text: North

text: Asia

text: due

text: to

text: admixture

question: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?

answer: hunter-gatherers

text: hunter-gatherers

question: Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?

answer: Taimyr wolf of North Asia

text: Taimyr wolf of North Asia

question: Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?

answer: human hunter-gatherers

text: human hunter-gatherers

question: Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?

answer: gray wolf

text: gray wolf

question: Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?

answer: Taimyr

text: Taimyr


text: The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: The

text: neopositivists

text: subscribed

text: to

text: a

text: notion

text: of

text: philosophy

text: as

text: the

text: conceptual

text: clarification

text: of

text: the

text: methods

text: insights

text: and

text: discoveries

text: of

text: the

text: sciences

text: They

text: saw

text: in

text: the

text: logical

text: symbolism

text: elaborated

text: by

text: Frege

text: and

text: Bertrand

text: Russell

text: a

text: powerful

text: instrument

text: that

text: could

text: rationally

text: reconstruct

text: all

text: scientific

text: discourse

text: into

text: an

text: ideal

text: logically

text: perfect

text: language

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: free

text: of

text: the

text: ambiguities

text: and

text: deformations

text: of

text: natural

text: language

text: This

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: what

text: they

text: saw

text: as

text: metaphysical

text: pseudoproblems

text: and

text: other

text: conceptual

text: confusions

text: By

text: combining

text: Frege

text: 's

text: thesis

text: that

text: all

text: mathematical

text: truths

text: are

text: logical

text: with

text: the

text: early

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: idea

text: that

text: all

text: logical

text: truths

text: are

text: mere

text: linguistic

text: tautologies

text: they

text: arrived

text: at

text: a

text: twofold

text: classification

text: of

text: all

text: propositions

text: the

text: analytic

text: a

text: priori

text: and

text: the

text: synthetic

text: a

text: posteriori

text: On

text: this

text: basis

text: they

text: formulated

text: a

text: strong

text: principle

text: of

text: demarcation

text: between

text: sentences

text: that

text: have

text: sense

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: verification

text: principle

text: Any

text: sentence

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: purely

text: logical

text: or

text: is

text: unverifiable

text: is

text: devoid

text: of

text: meaning

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: most

text: metaphysical

text: ethical

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: other

text: traditional

text: philosophical

text: problems

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: pseudoproblems

question: When was Bertrand Russell born?

answer: 1872

question: When did Bertrand Russell die?

answer: 1970

question: What did Frege say about math?

answer: all mathematical truths are logical

text: all mathematical truths are logical

question: What did Wittgenstein say about logic?

answer: all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies

text: all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies

question: What are pseudoproblems?

answer: most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems

text: most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems


text: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: On

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: architecture

text: and

text: mere

text: construction

text: the

text: renowned

text: century

text: architect

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: wrote

text: You

text: employ

text: stone

text: wood

text: and

text: concrete

text: and

text: with

text: these

text: materials

text: you

text: build

text: houses

text: and

text: palaces

text: that

text: is

text: construction

text: Ingenuity

text: is

text: at

text: work

text: But

text: suddenly

text: you

text: touch

text: my

text: heart

text: you

text: do

text: me

text: good

text: I

text: am

text: happy

text: and

text: I

text: say

text: This

text: is

text: beautiful

text: That

text: is

text: Architecture

question: What century was the architect Le Corbusier in?

answer: 20th-century

question: Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction?

answer: Le Corbusier

text: Le Corbusier

question: What was Le Corbusier 's profession?

answer: Architect

text: Architect

question: When did Le Corbusier live and write?

answer: 20th-century

question: What part of him did Le Corbusier say proper architecture touched?

answer: heart

text: heart

question: What state of emotion did Le Corbusier say architecture put him in?

answer: I am happy

text: I am happy


text: Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that "there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Tibetan

text: sources

text: say

text: Deshin

text: Shekpa

text: also

text: persuaded

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: not

text: to

text: impose

text: his

text: military

text: might

text: on

text: Tibet

text: as

text: the

text: Mongols

text: had

text: previously

text: done

text: Thinley

text: writes

text: that

text: before

text: the

text: Karmapa

text: returned

text: to

text: Tibet

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: began

text: planning

text: to

text: send

text: a

text: military

text: force

text: into

text: Tibet

text: to

text: forcibly

text: give

text: the

text: Karmapa

text: authority

text: over

text: all

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhist

text: schools

text: but

text: Deshin

text: Shekpa

text: dissuaded

text: him

text: However

text: Hok

text: Lam

text: Chan

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: ever

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: intention

text: and

text: that

text: evidence

text: indicates

text: that

text: Deshin

text: Skekpa

text: was

text: invited

text: strictly

text: for

text: religious

text: purposes

question: Who imposed on the military might on Tibet in the past?

answer: the Mongols

text: the Mongols

question: Hok-Lam Chan states that Deshin Skekpa was only invited for what purpose?

answer: religious purposes

text: religious purposes

question: What was said to be the  Yongle Emperor plans?

answer: to send a military force into Tibet

text: to send a military force into Tibet

question: Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet?

answer: to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools

text: to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools

question: Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet?

answer: Deshin Shekpa

text: Deshin Shekpa


text: Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: Since

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: archiving

text: cached

text: pages

text: of

text: web

text: sites

text: onto

text: their

text: large

text: cluster

text: of

text: Linux

text: nodes

text: They

text: revisit

text: sites

text: every

text: few

text: weeks

text: or

text: months

text: and

text: archive

text: a

text: new

text: version

text: if

text: the

text: content

text: has

text: changed

text: Sites

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: captured

text: on

text: the

text: fly

text: by

text: visitors

text: who

text: are

text: offered

text: a

text: link

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: The

text: intent

text: is

text: to

text: capture

text: and

text: archive

text: content

text: that

text: otherwise

text: would

text: be

text: lost

text: whenever

text: a

text: site

text: is

text: changed

text: or

text: closed

text: down

text: Their

text: grand

text: vision

text: is

text: to

text: archive

text: the

text: entire

text: Internet

question: What operating system is used on Wayback Machine's servers?

answer: Linux

text: Linux

question: When does Wayback Machine save a copy of a website?

answer: if the content has changed

text: if the content has changed

question: What is the ultimate aim of the Wayback Machine?

answer: to archive the entire Internet

text: to archive the entire Internet


text: Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahman as an eternal oneness, but also as the source of all creation, which was omnipresent and actively involved in existence. To them the sense of subject-object perception was illusory and a sign of ignorance. However, the individual's sense of self was not a complete illusion since it was derived from the universal beingness that is Brahman. Ramanuja saw Vishnu as a personification of Brahman.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Ramanuja

text: c.

text: was

text: the

text: foremost

text: proponent

text: of

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Viśiṣṭādvaita

text: or

text: qualified

text: non

text: dualism

text: Viśiṣṭādvaita

text: advocated

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: Supreme

text: Being

text: with

text: essential

text: qualities

text: or

text: attributes

text: Viśiṣṭādvaitins

text: argued

text: against

text: the

text: Advaitin

text: conception

text: of

text: Brahman

text: as

text: an

text: impersonal

text: empty

text: oneness

text: They

text: saw

text: Brahman

text: as

text: an

text: eternal

text: oneness

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: all

text: creation

text: which

text: was

text: omnipresent

text: and

text: actively

text: involved

text: in

text: existence

text: To

text: them

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: subject

text: object

text: perception

text: was

text: illusory

text: and

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: ignorance

text: However

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: sense

text: of

text: self

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: complete

text: illusion

text: since

text: it

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: universal

text: beingness

text: that

text: is

text: Brahman

text: Ramanuja

text: saw

text: Vishnu

text: as

text: a

text: personification

text: of

text: Brahman

question: What is the philosophy of dualism?

answer: Viśiṣṭādvaita

text: Viśiṣṭādvaita

question: Who was the leader in pushing the philosophy of Visistadvaita?

answer: Ramanuja

text: Ramanuja

question: When did Ramanuja live?

answer: c. 1037–1137

text: c. 1037–1137

question: For the existence of what did the Visistadvaita philosophy argue?

answer: Supreme Being

text: Supreme Being

question: What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman

answer: Vishnu

text: Vishnu


text: The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: The

text: contemporary

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: generally

text: advocates

text: economic

text: liberalism

text: see

text: New

text: Right

text: Historically

text: the

text: party

text: has

text: supported

text: a

text: higher

text: degree

text: of

text: economic

text: protectionism

text: and

text: interventionism

text: than

text: it

text: has

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: However

text: from

text: its

text: foundation

text: the

text: party

text: has

text: identified

text: itself

text: as

text: anti

text: socialist

text: Strong

text: opposition

text: to

text: socialism

text: and

text: communism

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: abroad

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: founding

text: principles

text: The

text: party

text: 's

text: founder

text: and

text: longest

text: serving

text: leader

text: Robert

text: Menzies

text: envisaged

text: that

text: Australia

text: 's

text: middle

text: class

text: would

text: form

text: its

text: main

text: constituency

question: What is economic liberalism sometimes also referred to?

answer: New Right

text: New Right

question: Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself socialist or anti-socialist?

answer: anti-socialist

text: anti-socialist

question: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?

answer: Robert Menzies

text: Robert Menzies

question: Who founded Australia's liberal party?

answer: Robert Menzies

text: Robert Menzies


text: The "Safe Harbor" agreement is a voluntary agreement between the private landowner and FWS. The landowner agrees to alter the property to benefit or even attract a listed or proposed species in exchange for assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level. The policy relies on the "enhancement of survival" provision of Section §1539(a)(1)(A). A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both. The policy was developed by the Clinton Administration in 1999.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: Safe

text: Harbor

text: agreement

text: is

text: a

text: voluntary

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: private

text: landowner

text: and

text: FWS

text: The

text: landowner

text: agrees

text: to

text: alter

text: the

text: property

text: to

text: benefit

text: or

text: even

text: attract

text: a

text: listed

text: or

text: proposed

text: species

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: assurances

text: that

text: the

text: FWS

text: will

text: permit

text: future

text: takes

text: above

text: a

text: pre

text: determined

text: level

text: The

text: policy

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: enhancement

text: of

text: survival

text: provision

text: of

text: Section

text: A

text: landowner

text: can

text: have

text: either

text: a

text: Safe

text: Harbor

text: agreement

text: or

text: an

text: Incidental

text: Take

text: Permit

text: or

text: both

text: The

text: policy

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Clinton

text: Administration

text: in

question: What two groups are bound by a "Safe Harbor" agreement?

answer: the private landowner and FWS

text: the private landowner and FWS

question: In exchange for altering the property to a more beneficial state, what does the landowner gain from the Safe Harbor agreement?

answer: assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level

text: assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level

question: Which presidential administration developed Safe Harbor policy?

answer: the Clinton Administration

text: the Clinton Administration

question: Are Safe Harbor agreements and ITPs mutually exclusive?

answer: A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both.

text: A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both.


text: The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazars, and across the Caspian Sea as far as Baghdad, providing access to markets and products from Central Asia and the Middle East. Trade from the Baltic also moved south on a network of rivers and short portages along the Dnieper known as the "route from the Varangians to the Greeks," continuing to the Black Sea and on to Constantinople. Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. These commercial connections enriched Rus' merchants and princes, funding military forces and the construction of churches, palaces, fortifications, and further towns. Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: new

text: Kievan

text: state

text: prospered

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: abundant

text: supply

text: of

text: furs

text: beeswax

text: honey

text: and

text: slaves

text: for

text: export

text: and

text: because

text: it

text: controlled

text: three

text: main

text: trade

text: routes

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: Novgorod

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: commercial

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Volga

text: trade

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Volga

text: Bulgars

text: the

text: Khazars

text: and

text: across

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Baghdad

text: providing

text: access

text: to

text: markets

text: and

text: products

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Trade

text: from

text: the

text: Baltic

text: also

text: moved

text: south

text: on

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: rivers

text: and

text: short

text: portages

text: along

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: route

text: from

text: the

text: Varangians

text: to

text: the

text: Greeks

text: continuing

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: on

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: Kiev

text: was

text: a

text: central

text: outpost

text: along

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: route

text: and

text: a

text: hub

text: with

text: the

text: east

text: west

text: overland

text: trade

text: route

text: between

text: the

text: Khazars

text: and

text: the

text: Germanic

text: lands

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: These

text: commercial

text: connections

text: enriched

text: Rus

text: merchants

text: and

text: princes

text: funding

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: churches

text: palaces

text: fortifications

text: and

text: further

text: towns

text: Demand

text: for

text: luxury

text: goods

text: fostered

text: production

text: of

text: expensive

text: jewelry

text: and

text: religious

text: wares

text: allowing

text: their

text: export

text: and

text: an

text: advanced

text: credit

text: and

text: money

text: lending

text: system

text: may

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: in

text: place

question: Why did the Kievan state prosper?

answer: abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export

text: abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export

question: How many trade routes did the Kievan state control?

answer: three

text: three

question: What other means of pay when purchasing items may have been in place?

answer: money-lending system

text: money-lending system

question: Which route was a central post in Kiev?

answer: Dnieper route

text: Dnieper route


text: The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: two

text: finalists

text: were

text: Kris

text: Allen

text: and

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: previously

text: landed

text: in

text: the

text: bottom

text: three

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: Allen

text: won

text: the

text: contest

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: controversial

text: voting

text: result

text: since

text: season

text: two

text: It

text: was

text: claimed

text: later

text: retracted

text: that

text: million

text: of

text: the

text: million

text: votes

text: cast

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: came

text: from

text: Allen

text: 's

text: home

text: state

text: of

text: Arkansas

text: alone

text: and

text: that

text: AT&T

text: employees

text: unfairly

text: influenced

text: the

text: votes

text: by

text: giving

text: lessons

text: on

text: power

text: texting

text: at

text: viewing

text: parties

text: in

text: Arkansas

question: Who were the final two contestants on season eight of American Idol?

answer: Kris Allen and Adam Lambert

text: Kris Allen and Adam Lambert

question: Who won season eight of American Idol?

answer: Kris Allen

text: Kris Allen

question: What state is American Idol winner Kris Allen from?

answer: Arkansas

text: Arkansas

question: How many votes were cast in the American Idol finale in season eight?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: Who won the season?

answer: Kris Allen

text: Kris Allen

question: The only prior season to have matching controversy over the winner was?

answer: season two

text: season two

question: How many votes were cast for the final two?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: Who was accused of teaching the public how to power text for the winner?

answer: AT&T employees

text: AT&T employees


text: Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: Tito

text: received

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: awards

text: and

text: decorations

text: from

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: countries

text: and

text: Yugoslavia

text: decorations

text: were

text: from

text: Yugoslavia

text: itself

text: having

text: been

text: awarded

text: once

text: and

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hero

text: on

text: three

text: occasions

text: Of

text: the

text: international

text: awards

text: and

text: decorations

text: were

text: received

text: once

text: and

text: three

text: on

text: two

text: occasions

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Lion

text: Polonia

text: Restituta

text: and

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: awards

text: included

text: the

text: French

text: Legion

text: of

text: Honour

text: and

text: National

text: Order

text: of

text: Merit

text: the

text: British

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: Bath

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Order

text: of

text: Lenin

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: Chrysanthemum

text: the

text: German

text: Federal

text: Cross

text: of

text: Merit

text: and

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Merit

text: of

text: Italy

question: How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve?

answer: 119

question: Of all of the awards Tito received, how many were from Yugoslavia itself?

answer: 21

question: Which government awards the Legion of Honour and the National Order of Merit?

answer: French

text: French

question: Which government awards the Order of the Bath?

answer: British

text: British

question: Which government awards the Order of the Chrysanthemum?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese