text: The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: The

text: biggest

text: change

text: in

text: this

text: year

text: 's

text: census

text: was

text: in

text: racial

text: classification

text: Enumerators

text: were

text: instructed

text: to

text: no

text: longer

text: use

text: the

text: Mulatto

text: classification

text: Instead

text: they

text: were

text: given

text: special

text: instructions

text: for

text: reporting

text: the

text: race

text: of

text: interracial

text: persons

text: A

text: person

text: with

text: both

text: white

text: and

text: black

text: ancestry

text: termed

text: blood

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: recorded

text: as

text: Negro

text: no

text: matter

text: the

text: fraction

text: of

text: that

text: lineage

text: the

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: A

text: person

text: of

text: mixed

text: black

text: and

text: American

text: Indian

text: ancestry

text: was

text: also

text: to

text: be

text: recorded

text: as

text: Neg

text: for

text: Negro

text: unless

text: he

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: predominantly

text: American

text: Indian

text: and

text: accepted

text: as

text: such

text: within

text: the

text: community

text: A

text: person

text: with

text: both

text: White

text: and

text: American

text: Indian

text: ancestry

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: recorded

text: as

text: an

text: Indian

text: unless

text: his

text: American

text: Indian

text: ancestry

text: was

text: small

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: accepted

text: as

text: white

text: within

text: the

text: community

text: In

text: all

text: situations

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: person

text: had

text: White

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: racial

text: ancestry

text: he

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: reported

text: as

text: that

text: other

text: race

text: Persons

text: who

text: had

text: minority

text: interracial

text: ancestry

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: reported

text: as

text: the

text: race

text: of

text: their

text: father

question: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?

answer: Mulatto

text: Mulatto

question: What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census?

answer: Negro

text: Negro

question: How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census?

answer: Neg

text: Neg

question: What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black?

answer: one-drop rule

text: one-drop rule

question: Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census?

answer: their father

text: their father


text: Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and fills most of the cell with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria. Other proteins import nutrients across the cell membrane, or expel undesired molecules from the cytoplasm.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Many

text: important

text: biochemical

text: reactions

text: such

text: as

text: energy

text: generation

text: use

text: concentration

text: gradients

text: across

text: membranes

text: The

text: general

text: lack

text: of

text: internal

text: membranes

text: in

text: bacteria

text: means

text: reactions

text: such

text: as

text: electron

text: transport

text: occur

text: across

text: the

text: cell

text: membrane

text: between

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: and

text: the

text: periplasmic

text: space

text: However

text: in

text: many

text: photosynthetic

text: bacteria

text: the

text: plasma

text: membrane

text: is

text: highly

text: folded

text: and

text: fills

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: with

text: layers

text: of

text: light

text: gathering

text: membrane

text: These

text: light

text: gathering

text: complexes

text: may

text: even

text: form

text: lipid

text: enclosed

text: structures

text: called

text: chlorosomes

text: in

text: green

text: sulfur

text: bacteria

text: Other

text: proteins

text: import

text: nutrients

text: across

text: the

text: cell

text: membrane

text: or

text: expel

text: undesired

text: molecules

text: from

text: the

text: cytoplasm

question: What is crucial for biochemical reactions?

answer: concentration gradients across membranes

text: concentration gradients across membranes

question: What kind of membrane do bacteria cells are filled with?

answer: light-gathering membrane

text: light-gathering membrane

question: How does electron transit occur in bacteria?

answer: between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space

text: between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space

question: Can membrane of bacteria create lipid structure?

answer: light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures

text: light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures


text: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago. Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed. Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour. The sport formed part of the culture of the ancient Indians, Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, and large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter. Cockfighting has been banned in many countries during the last century on the grounds of cruelty to animals.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Cockfighting

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: spectator

text: sport

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: originated

text: in

text: Persia

text: years

text: ago

text: Two

text: mature

text: males

text: cocks

text: or

text: roosters

text: are

text: set

text: to

text: fight

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: will

text: do

text: so

text: with

text: great

text: vigour

text: until

text: one

text: is

text: critically

text: injured

text: or

text: killed

text: Breeds

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Aseel

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: for

text: their

text: aggressive

text: behaviour

text: The

text: sport

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Indians

text: Chinese

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Romans

text: and

text: large

text: sums

text: were

text: won

text: or

text: lost

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: an

text: encounter

text: Cockfighting

text: has

text: been

text: banned

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: century

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: cruelty

text: to

text: animals

question: How long ago was the sport of fighting chickens been around?

answer: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.

text: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.

question: What is the termed used to define the game of fighting chickens called?

answer: Cockfighting

text: Cockfighting

question: Do chickens die in the sport of cockfighting?

answer: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.

text: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.

question: Have theere been any types of chickens who were really good at cockfighting?

answer: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour

text: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour

question: Do people bet on the cockfighting or is it just for entertainment?

answer: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.

text: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.


text: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: Appointments

text: to

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: were

text: at

text: first

text: made

text: on

text: the

text: nomination

text: of

text: the

text: self

text: governing

text: Dominions

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: colonial

text: governors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: nominations

text: from

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: As

text: the

text: Empire

text: evolved

text: into

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: nominations

text: continued

text: to

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: realms

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: monarch

text: remained

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: These

text: overseas

text: nominations

text: have

text: been

text: discontinued

text: in

text: realms

text: that

text: have

text: established

text: their

text: own

text: Orders

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Australia

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Order

text: of

text: Merit

text: but

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: are

text: still

text: appointed

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

question: How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made?

answer: nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors

text: nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors

question: What remained the head of state of the British Empire?

answer: the monarch

text: the monarch

question: What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued?

answer: Empire

text: Empire

question: Why did the oversea nominations discontinue?

answer: established their own Orders

text: established their own Orders

question: What countries established new orders?

answer: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit

text: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit


text: The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: The

text: Xiongnu

text: a

text: nomadic

text: steppe

text: confederation

text: defeated

text: the

text: Han

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: forced

text: the

text: Han

text: to

text: submit

text: as

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: inferior

text: partner

text: but

text: continued

text: their

text: raids

text: on

text: the

text: Han

text: borders

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: of

text: Han

text: r.

text: BC

text: launched

text: several

text: military

text: campaigns

text: against

text: them

text: The

text: ultimate

text: Han

text: victory

text: in

text: these

text: wars

text: eventually

text: forced

text: the

text: Xiongnu

text: to

text: accept

text: vassal

text: status

text: as

text: Han

text: tributaries

text: These

text: campaigns

text: expanded

text: Han

text: sovereignty

text: into

text: the

text: Tarim

text: Basin

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: divided

text: the

text: Xiongnu

text: into

text: two

text: separate

text: confederations

text: and

text: helped

text: establish

text: the

text: vast

text: trade

text: network

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Silk

text: Road

text: which

text: reached

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: The

text: territories

text: north

text: of

text: Han

text: 's

text: borders

text: were

text: quickly

text: overrun

text: by

text: the

text: nomadic

text: Xianbei

text: confederation

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: also

text: launched

text: successful

text: military

text: expeditions

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: annexing

text: Nanyue

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: Dian

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: where

text: the

text: Xuantu

text: and

text: Lelang

text: Commanderies

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: BC

question: Which confederation defeated the Han in 200 BC?

answer: The Xiongnu

text: The Xiongnu

question: What type of campaign helped establish the Silk Road?

answer: military

text: military

question: In what year was Nanyue annexed?

answer: 111 BC

text: 111 BC

question: Which confederation conquered the territories north of the Han's border?

answer: Xianbei

text: Xianbei

question: In what year did Emperor Wu of Han's reign end?

answer: 87 BC

text: 87 BC


text: The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to timeline, were Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (1903), Galatasaray Sports Club (1905) and Fenerbahçe Sports Club (1907) in Istanbul. Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: main

text: sports

text: Ottomans

text: were

text: engaged

text: in

text: were

text: Turkish

text: Wrestling

text: hunting

text: Turkish

text: archery

text: horseback

text: riding

text: Equestrian

text: javelin

text: throw

text: arm

text: wrestling

text: and

text: swimming

text: European

text: model

text: sports

text: clubs

text: were

text: formed

text: with

text: the

text: spreading

text: popularity

text: of

text: football

text: matches

text: in

text: century

text: Constantinople

text: The

text: leading

text: clubs

text: according

text: to

text: timeline

text: were

text: Beşiktaş

text: Gymnastics

text: Club

text: Galatasaray

text: Sports

text: Club

text: and

text: Fenerbahçe

text: Sports

text: Club

text: in

text: Istanbul

text: Football

text: clubs

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: other

text: provinces

text: too

text: such

text: as

text: Karşıyaka

text: Sports

text: Club

text: Altay

text: Sports

text: Club

text: and

text: Turkish

text: Fatherland

text: Football

text: Club

text: later

text: Ülküspor

text: of

text: İzmir

question: When did European sport clubs begin to form in the Ottoman empire?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: Where did football matches become to be popular in the Ottoman empire?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople

question: What was the leading sport club in 1905?

answer: Galatasaray Sports Club

text: Galatasaray Sports Club

question: In what year did the Altay Sports Club form?

answer: 1914

question: What was the football club known as Ülküspor formerly known as?

answer: Turkish Fatherland Football Club

text: Turkish Fatherland Football Club


text: New Haven is a predominantly Roman Catholic city, as the city's Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican populations are overwhelmingly Catholic. The city is part of the Archdiocese of Hartford. Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists. There is a growing number of (mostly Puerto Rican) Pentecostals as well. There are churches for all major branches of Christianity within the city, multiple store-front churches, ministries (especially in working-class Latino and Black neighborhoods), a mosque, many synagogues (including two yeshivas), and other places of worship; the level of religious diversity in the city is high.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: a

text: predominantly

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: city

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Dominican

text: Irish

text: Italian

text: Mexican

text: Ecuadorian

text: and

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: populations

text: are

text: overwhelmingly

text: Catholic

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: Hartford

text: Jews

text: also

text: make

text: up

text: a

text: considerable

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: as

text: do

text: Black

text: Baptists

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: growing

text: number

text: of

text: mostly

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: Pentecostals

text: as

text: well

text: There

text: are

text: churches

text: for

text: all

text: major

text: branches

text: of

text: Christianity

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: multiple

text: store

text: front

text: churches

text: ministries

text: especially

text: in

text: working

text: class

text: Latino

text: and

text: Black

text: neighborhoods

text: a

text: mosque

text: many

text: synagogues

text: including

text: two

text: yeshivas

text: and

text: other

text: places

text: of

text: worship

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: religious

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: high

question: What is the most prominent religion in New Haven?

answer: Roman Catholic

text: Roman Catholic

question: Under what immediate jurisdiction of the Catholic Church does New Haven fall?

answer: Archdiocese of Hartford

text: Archdiocese of Hartford

question: How many yeshivas are located in New Haven?

answer: two

text: two

question: With what religious movement do many Puerto Ricans in New Haven associate?

answer: Pentecostals

text: Pentecostals

question: In addition to Jews, what other religious community comprises a large share of the non-Catholic population of New Haven?

answer: Black Baptists

text: Black Baptists

question: In terms of religious affiliation, what is the most prevalent religion in the city?

answer: Roman Catholic

text: Roman Catholic

question: There are several religious group that have seem rise in demographics, one of which is popular among African Americans being?

answer: Baptists

text: Baptists

question: However Christianity can be found within the city, particularly which neighborhoods?

answer: working-class

text: working-class


text: In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available, the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures).

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: In

text: whites

text: represented

text: of

text: Boston

text: 's

text: population

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: declined

text: in

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: making

text: the

text: city

text: majority

text: minority

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: However

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: experienced

text: significant

text: gentrification

text: in

text: which

text: affluent

text: whites

text: have

text: moved

text: into

text: formerly

text: non

text: white

text: areas

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: estimated

text: that

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: again

text: formed

text: a

text: slight

text: majority

text: But

text: as

text: of

text: in

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: housing

text: crash

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: increased

text: efforts

text: to

text: make

text: more

text: affordable

text: housing

text: more

text: available

text: the

text: minority

text: population

text: has

text: rebounded

text: This

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: an

text: increased

text: Latino

text: population

text: and

text: more

text: clarity

text: surrounding

text: US

text: Census

text: statistics

text: which

text: indicate

text: a

text: Non

text: Hispanic

text: White

text: population

text: of

text: percent

text: some

text: reports

text: give

text: slightly

text: lower

text: figures

question: What percent of Boston's population was white in 1950?

answer: 94.7%

question: In 2000, what percen tof the population were non hispanic and white?

answer: 49.5%

question: What year did minorities become the majority of the population for the first time?

answer: 2000

question: In recent years, the whote population has begun to move where?

answer: formerly non-white areas

text: formerly non-white areas

question: What year did non hispanic whites once again become the majority of the population?

answer: 2006


text: The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984. Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork. But technology has replaced the old manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working in the many I.T. centres of the city – such as Amazon.com, the online retailer, which has set up in Cork Airport Business Park.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Heineken

text: Brewery

text: that

text: brews

text: Murphy

text: 's

text: Irish

text: Stout

text: and

text: the

text: nearby

text: Beamish

text: and

text: Crawford

text: brewery

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: Heineken

text: in

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: for

text: generations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Tic

text: Tac

text: sweets

text: are

text: manufactured

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Ferrero

text: factory

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: Cork

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: Ford

text: Motor

text: Company

text: which

text: manufactured

text: cars

text: in

text: the

text: docklands

text: area

text: before

text: the

text: plant

text: was

text: closed

text: in

text: Henry

text: Ford

text: 's

text: grandfather

text: was

text: from

text: West

text: Cork

text: which

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: reasons

text: for

text: opening

text: up

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: facility

text: in

text: Cork

text: But

text: technology

text: has

text: replaced

text: the

text: old

text: manufacturing

text: businesses

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: people

text: now

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: many

text: I.T.

text: centres

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: such

text: as

text: Amazon.com

text: the

text: online

text: retailer

text: which

text: has

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: Cork

text: Airport

text: Business

text: Park

question: Cork is home to which internationally famous brewery?

answer: Heineken

text: Heineken

question: What is the Ferro Factory known for producing?

answer: 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets

text: 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets

question: Which car company closed the doors on it's Cork operations in 1984?

answer: Ford Motor Company

text: Ford Motor Company

question: What online retail giant has operations at the Cork Airport Business Park?

answer: Amazon.com

text: Amazon.com

question: Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork?

answer: Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork

text: Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork


text: There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for "I do not allow"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: There

text: were

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: avenues

text: to

text: upward

text: social

text: mobility

text: and

text: the

text: achievement

text: of

text: nobility

text: Poland

text: 's

text: nobility

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: rigidly

text: exclusive

text: closed

text: class

text: Many

text: low

text: born

text: individuals

text: including

text: townsfolk

text: peasants

text: and

text: Jews

text: could

text: and

text: did

text: rise

text: to

text: official

text: ennoblement

text: in

text: Polish

text: society

text: Each

text: szlachcic

text: had

text: enormous

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: politics

text: in

text: some

text: ways

text: even

text: greater

text: than

text: that

text: enjoyed

text: by

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: modern

text: democratic

text: countries

text: Between

text: and

text: any

text: nobleman

text: could

text: nullify

text: all

text: the

text: proceedings

text: of

text: a

text: given

text: sejm

text: Commonwealth

text: parliament

text: or

text: sejmik

text: Commonwealth

text: local

text: parliament

text: by

text: exercising

text: his

text: individual

text: right

text: of

text: liberum

text: veto

text: Latin

text: for

text: I

text: do

text: not

text: allow

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: confederated

text: sejm

text: or

text: confederated

text: sejmik

question: What class was polands nobility?

answer: closed class

text: closed class

question: Who could rise into polish ennoblement?

answer: Many low-born individuals

text: Many low-born individuals

question: How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics?

answer: enormous influence

text: enormous influence

question: WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm?

answer: any nobleman

text: any nobleman

question: What is is called to nullify proceedings?

answer: liberum veto

text: liberum veto


text: In the late 12th and early 13th centuries the border and political relationship between England and Scotland was disputed, with the kings of Scotland claiming parts of what is now northern England. John's father, Henry II, had forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him at the Treaty of Falaise in 1174. This had been rescinded by Richard I in exchange for financial compensation in 1189, but the relationship remained uneasy. John began his reign by reasserting his sovereignty over the disputed northern counties. He refused William's request for the earldom of Northumbria, but did not intervene in Scotland itself and focused on his continental problems. The two kings maintained a friendly relationship, meeting in 1206 and 1207, until it was rumoured in 1209 that William was intending to ally himself with Philip II of France. John invaded Scotland and forced William to sign the Treaty of Norham, which gave John control of William's daughters and required a payment of £10,000. This effectively crippled William's power north of the border, and by 1212 John had to intervene militarily to support the Scottish king against his internal rivals.[nb 16] John made no efforts to reinvigorate the Treaty of Falaise, though, and both William and Alexander remained independent kings, supported by, but not owing fealty to, John.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: border

text: and

text: political

text: relationship

text: between

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: was

text: disputed

text: with

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Scotland

text: claiming

text: parts

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: northern

text: England

text: John

text: 's

text: father

text: Henry

text: II

text: had

text: forced

text: William

text: the

text: Lion

text: to

text: swear

text: fealty

text: to

text: him

text: at

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Falaise

text: in

text: This

text: had

text: been

text: rescinded

text: by

text: Richard

text: I

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: financial

text: compensation

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: relationship

text: remained

text: uneasy

text: John

text: began

text: his

text: reign

text: by

text: reasserting

text: his

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: disputed

text: northern

text: counties

text: He

text: refused

text: William

text: 's

text: request

text: for

text: the

text: earldom

text: of

text: Northumbria

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: intervene

text: in

text: Scotland

text: itself

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: his

text: continental

text: problems

text: The

text: two

text: kings

text: maintained

text: a

text: friendly

text: relationship

text: meeting

text: in

text: and

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: rumoured

text: in

text: that

text: William

text: was

text: intending

text: to

text: ally

text: himself

text: with

text: Philip

text: II

text: of

text: France

text: John

text: invaded

text: Scotland

text: and

text: forced

text: William

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Norham

text: which

text: gave

text: John

text: control

text: of

text: William

text: 's

text: daughters

text: and

text: required

text: a

text: payment

text: of

text: This

text: effectively

text: crippled

text: William

text: 's

text: power

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: and

text: by

text: John

text: had

text: to

text: intervene

text: militarily

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: Scottish

text: king

text: against

text: his

text: internal

text: rivals.[nb

text: John

text: made

text: no

text: efforts

text: to

text: reinvigorate

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Falaise

text: though

text: and

text: both

text: William

text: and

text: Alexander

text: remained

text: independent

text: kings

text: supported

text: by

text: but

text: not

text: owing

text: fealty

text: to

text: John

question: When was the political relationship between England and Scotland disputed?

answer: late 12th and early 13th centuries

text: late 12th and early 13th centuries

question: Who forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him?

answer: Henry II

text: Henry II

question: What did John force William to sign?

answer: Treaty of Norham

text: Treaty of Norham


text: Three days later, when a ceasefire had been agreed, Turkey had landed 30,000 troops on the island and captured Kyrenia, the corridor linking Kyrenia to Nicosia, and the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia itself. The junta in Athens, and then the Sampson regime in Cyprus fell from power. In Nicosia, Glafkos Clerides assumed the presidency and constitutional order was restored, removing the pretext for the Turkish invasion. But after the peace negotiations in Geneva, the Turkish government reinforced their Kyrenia bridgehead and started a second invasion on 14 August. The invasion resulted in the seizure of Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Three

text: days

text: later

text: when

text: a

text: ceasefire

text: had

text: been

text: agreed

text: Turkey

text: had

text: landed

text: troops

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: captured

text: Kyrenia

text: the

text: corridor

text: linking

text: Kyrenia

text: to

text: Nicosia

text: and

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: quarter

text: of

text: Nicosia

text: itself

text: The

text: junta

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Sampson

text: regime

text: in

text: Cyprus

text: fell

text: from

text: power

text: In

text: Nicosia

text: Glafkos

text: Clerides

text: assumed

text: the

text: presidency

text: and

text: constitutional

text: order

text: was

text: restored

text: removing

text: the

text: pretext

text: for

text: the

text: Turkish

text: invasion

text: But

text: after

text: the

text: peace

text: negotiations

text: in

text: Geneva

text: the

text: Turkish

text: government

text: reinforced

text: their

text: Kyrenia

text: bridgehead

text: and

text: started

text: a

text: second

text: invasion

text: on

text: August

text: The

text: invasion

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: seizure

text: of

text: Morphou

text: Karpass

text: Famagusta

text: and

text: the

text: Mesaoria

question: What did the Turkish troops capture first on the island?

answer: Kyrenia

text: Kyrenia

question: What was the date of the second Turkish invasion?

answer: 14 August

text: 14 August

question: What locations were seized in the second invasion?

answer: Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria

text: Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria


text: Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Internationally

text: the

text: torch

text: and

text: its

text: accompanying

text: party

text: traveled

text: in

text: a

text: chartered

text: Air

text: China

text: Airbus

text: registered

text: painted

text: in

text: the

text: red

text: and

text: yellow

text: colors

text: of

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: Air

text: China

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Committees

text: of

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Game

text: as

text: the

text: designated

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: carrier

text: in

text: March

text: for

text: its

text: long

text: standing

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: cause

text: The

text: plane

text: traveled

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: for

text: a

text: duration

text: of

text: days

text: through

text: countries

text: and

text: regions

question: When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used?

answer: a chartered Air China Airbus A330

text: a chartered Air China Airbus A330

question: What color was the chartered plane?

answer: red and yellow

text: red and yellow

question: When was it decided that Air China would be the official torch carrier?

answer: March 2008

text: March 2008

question: How many days did the plane travel?

answer: 130 days

text: 130 days

question: What type of aircraft did the Torch team travel in?

answer: Airbus A330

text: Airbus A330

question: What colors was the aircraft painted?

answer: red and yellow

text: red and yellow

question: What was the name of the airline that transported the Olympic Torch?

answer: Air China

text: Air China

question: How many days did the plane travel with the Torch team?

answer: 130

question: How many different places were visited by the aircraft taking the Torch team?

answer: 21


text: The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: Tucson

text: metro

text: area

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: many

text: local

text: television

text: stations

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: designated

text: market

text: area

text: DMA

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: with

text: homes

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: U.S.

text: It

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: three

text: counties

text: of

text: southeastern

text: Arizona

text: Pima

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: and

text: Cochise

text: The

text: major

text: television

text: networks

text: serving

text: Tucson

text: are

text: KVOA

text: NBC

text: KGUN

text: ABC

text: KMSB

text: TV

text: Fox

text: KOLD

text: TV

text: CBS

text: KTTU

text: My

text: Network

text: TV

text: and

text: KWBA

text: The

text: CW

text: KUAT

text: TV

text: is

text: a

text: PBS

text: affiliate

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: as

text: is

text: sister

text: station

text: KUAS

question: What is Tucson's NBC station?

answer: KVOA 4

text: KVOA 4

question: What is Tucson's ABC station?

answer: KGUN 9

text: KGUN 9

question: What is Tucson's Fox station?

answer: KMSB-TV 11

text: KMSB-TV 11

question: What is Tucson's CBS station?

answer: KOLD-TV 13

text: KOLD-TV 13

question: What is Tucson's PBS station?

answer: KUAT-TV 6

text: KUAT-TV 6


text: One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: One

text: commentator

text: has

text: observed

text: that

text: notwithstanding

text: the

text: high

text: unemployment

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: full

text: passports

text: during

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: loyalty

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: monarchy

text: by

text: the

text: St

text: Helena

text: population

text: is

text: probably

text: not

text: exceeded

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: King

text: George

text: VI

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: to

text: have

text: visited

text: the

text: island

text: This

text: was

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: King

text: accompanied

text: by

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: later

text: the

text: Queen

text: Mother

text: Princess

text: Elizabeth

text: later

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: and

text: Princess

text: Margaret

text: were

text: travelling

text: to

text: South

text: Africa

text: Prince

text: Philip

text: arrived

text: at

text: St

text: Helena

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: his

text: son

text: Prince

text: Andrew

text: visited

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: his

text: sister

text: the

text: Princess

text: Royal

text: arrived

text: in

question: What caused high unemployment on the island?

answer: loss of full passports

text: loss of full passports

question: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?

answer: King George VI

text: King George VI

question: What year did King George VI visit the island?

answer: 1947

question: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?

answer: 1957

question: Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year?

answer: 1984


text: Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that "the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians."

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: Ottoman

text: Sultan

text: Selim

text: the

text: Grim

text: regarded

text: the

text: Shia

text: Qizilbash

text: as

text: heretics

text: reportedly

text: proclaimed

text: that

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: one

text: Shiite

text: had

text: as

text: much

text: otherworldly

text: reward

text: as

text: killing

text: Christians

question: What group did Sultan Selim the Grim label as heretics?

answer: Shia Qizilbash

text: Shia Qizilbash

question: What number of Christians did Selim the Grim equate to the killing of one Shiite?

answer: 70


text: There is also a range of independent or public schools. Many of these are for pupils between 11 and 18 years, such as King's College, Taunton and Taunton School. King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later in the reign of Edward VI. Millfield is the largest co-educational boarding school. There are also preparatory schools for younger children, such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School. Chilton Cantelo School offers places both to day pupils and boarders aged 7 to 16. Other schools provide education for children from the age of 3 or 4 years through to 18, such as King Edward's School, Bath, Queen's College, Taunton and Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain. Some of these schools have religious affiliations, such as Monkton Combe School, Prior Park College, Sidcot School which is associated with the Religious Society of Friends, Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, situated next to the Benedictine Downside Abbey, and Kingswood School, which was founded by John Wesley in 1748 in Kingswood near Bristol, originally for the education of the sons of the itinerant ministers (clergy) of the Methodist Church.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: independent

text: or

text: public

text: schools

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: for

text: pupils

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: such

text: as

text: King

text: 's

text: College

text: Taunton

text: and

text: Taunton

text: School

text: King

text: 's

text: School

text: Bruton

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: received

text: royal

text: foundation

text: status

text: around

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Edward

text: VI

text: Millfield

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: co

text: educational

text: boarding

text: school

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: preparatory

text: schools

text: for

text: younger

text: children

text: such

text: as

text: All

text: Hallows

text: and

text: Hazlegrove

text: Preparatory

text: School

text: Chilton

text: Cantelo

text: School

text: offers

text: places

text: both

text: to

text: day

text: pupils

text: and

text: boarders

text: aged

text: to

text: Other

text: schools

text: provide

text: education

text: for

text: children

text: from

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: or

text: years

text: through

text: to

text: such

text: as

text: King

text: Edward

text: 's

text: School

text: Bath

text: Queen

text: 's

text: College

text: Taunton

text: and

text: Wells

text: Cathedral

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: established

text: musical

text: schools

text: for

text: school

text: age

text: children

text: in

text: Britain

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: schools

text: have

text: religious

text: affiliations

text: such

text: as

text: Monkton

text: Combe

text: School

text: Prior

text: Park

text: College

text: Sidcot

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Religious

text: Society

text: of

text: Friends

text: Downside

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: public

text: school

text: in

text: Stratton

text: on

text: the

text: Fosse

text: situated

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Benedictine

text: Downside

text: Abbey

text: and

text: Kingswood

text: School

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: John

text: Wesley

text: in

text: in

text: Kingswood

text: near

text: Bristol

text: originally

text: for

text: the

text: education

text: of

text: the

text: sons

text: of

text: the

text: itinerant

text: ministers

text: clergy

text: of

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

question: What school in Bruton was given royal  foundation status

answer: King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later

text: King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later

question: What are some prepatory schools for younger students

answer: such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School

text: such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School

question: What is one of the Musical schools

answer: Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain

text: Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain

question: What is a roman catholic school

answer: Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse

text: Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse


text: Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country. On January 18, 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now overtaken the island of New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted tribes.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: Brazil

text: make

text: up

text: of

text: Brazil

text: 's

text: population

text: or

text: about

text: people

text: even

text: though

text: millions

text: of

text: Brazilians

text: have

text: some

text: indigenous

text: ancestry

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: territory

text: of

text: Brazil

text: although

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: live

text: in

text: Indian

text: reservations

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: Center

text: Western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: On

text: January

text: FUNAI

text: reported

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: confirmed

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: different

text: uncontacted

text: tribes

text: in

text: Brazil

text: up

text: from

text: in

text: With

text: this

text: addition

text: Brazil

text: has

text: now

text: overtaken

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: having

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: uncontacted

text: tribes

question: How much of Brazil's population is comprised of indigenous peoples?

answer: 0.4%

question: Where do the majority of the indigenous people of Brazil live?

answer: Indian reservations

text: Indian reservations

question: How many Brazillians have some indigenous ancestry?

answer: millions

text: millions

question: How many different uncontacted tribes were confirmed in Brazil in 2007?

answer: 67

question: What country has the largest number of uncontacted tribes?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil


text: In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: minority

text: leader

text: has

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: institutional

text: functions

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: minority

text: leader

text: is

text: sometimes

text: statutorily

text: authorized

text: to

text: appoint

text: individuals

text: to

text: certain

text: federal

text: entities

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: leader

text: each

text: name

text: three

text: Members

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Private

text: Calendar

text: objectors

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: is

text: consulted

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: reconvening

text: the

text: House

text: per

text: the

text: usual

text: formulation

text: of

text: conditional

text: concurrent

text: adjournment

text: resolutions

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: is

text: a

text: traditional

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: Office

text: Building

text: Commission

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Capitol

text: Preservation

text: Commission

text: and

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: may

text: after

text: consultation

text: with

text: the

text: Speaker

text: convene

text: an

text: early

text: organizational

text: party

text: caucus

text: or

text: conference

text: Informally

text: the

text: minority

text: leader

text: maintains

text: ties

text: with

text: majority

text: party

text: leaders

text: to

text: learn

text: about

text: the

text: schedule

text: and

text: other

text: House

text: matters

text: and

text: forges

text: agreements

text: or

text: understandings

text: with

text: them

text: insofar

text: as

text: feasible

question: How many private calendar objector members does minority leader appoint?

answer: three

text: three

question: What 2 commissions is the minority leader a member of?

answer: House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission

text: House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission

question: Who does minority leader have informal ties with for scheduling house matters?

answer: majority party leaders

text: majority party leaders


text: The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: Romans

text: held

text: off

text: Hannibal

text: in

text: three

text: battles

text: but

text: then

text: Hannibal

text: smashed

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: Roman

text: consular

text: armies

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: Hannibal

text: 's

text: brother

text: Hasdrubal

text: Barca

text: sought

text: to

text: cross

text: the

text: Alps

text: into

text: Italy

text: and

text: join

text: his

text: brother

text: with

text: a

text: second

text: army

text: Hasdrubal

text: managed

text: to

text: break

text: through

text: into

text: Italy

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: defeated

text: decisively

text: on

text: the

text: Metaurus

text: River

text: Unable

text: to

text: defeat

text: Hannibal

text: on

text: Italian

text: soil

text: the

text: Romans

text: boldly

text: sent

text: an

text: army

text: to

text: Africa

text: under

text: Scipio

text: Africanus

text: to

text: threaten

text: the

text: Carthaginian

text: capital

text: Hannibal

text: was

text: recalled

text: to

text: Africa

text: and

text: defeated

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Zama

question: What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle?

answer: Hasdrubal Barca

text: Hasdrubal Barca

question: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?

answer: Metaurus River

text: Metaurus River

question: In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at?

answer: the Battle of Zama

text: the Battle of Zama

question: Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa?

answer: Scipio Africanus

text: Scipio Africanus

question: Why did the Romans send an army to Africa?

answer: to threaten the Carthaginian capital

text: to threaten the Carthaginian capital


text: The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include City and Islington College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College and Bethnal Green Academy. There are also a number of private schools and colleges in London, some old and famous, such as City of London School, Harrow, St Paul's School, Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, University College School, The John Lyon School, Highgate School and Westminster School.

title: London

title: London

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: and

text: further

text: education

text: colleges

text: in

text: London

text: are

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: London

text: boroughs

text: or

text: otherwise

text: state

text: funded

text: leading

text: examples

text: include

text: City

text: and

text: Islington

text: College

text: Ealing

text: Hammersmith

text: and

text: West

text: London

text: College

text: Leyton

text: Sixth

text: Form

text: College

text: Tower

text: Hamlets

text: College

text: and

text: Bethnal

text: Green

text: Academy

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: private

text: schools

text: and

text: colleges

text: in

text: London

text: some

text: old

text: and

text: famous

text: such

text: as

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: School

text: Harrow

text: St

text: Paul

text: 's

text: School

text: Haberdashers

text: Aske

text: 's

text: Boys

text: School

text: University

text: College

text: School

text: The

text: John

text: Lyon

text: School

text: Highgate

text: School

text: and

text: Westminster

text: School

question: Who overseas the public primary and secondary school systems in London?

answer: the London boroughs

text: the London boroughs

question: What private boys' school shares in London shares its name with a famous cathedral?

answer: St Paul's School,

text: St Paul's School,


text: The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: The

text: nickel

text: hydrogen

text: battery

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: aboard

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: 's

text: Navigation

text: technology

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: ISS

text: Mars

text: Odyssey

text: and

text: the

text: Mars

text: Global

text: Surveyor

text: are

text: equipped

text: with

text: nickel

text: hydrogen

text: batteries

text: In

text: the

text: dark

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: orbit

text: the

text: Hubble

text: Space

text: Telescope

text: is

text: also

text: powered

text: by

text: nickel

text: hydrogen

text: batteries

text: which

text: were

text: finally

text: replaced

text: in

text: May

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: after

text: launch

text: and

text: years

text: over

text: their

text: design

text: life

question: What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?

answer: 1977

question: In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?

answer: 2009


text: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Regular

text: LPGA

text: tournaments

text: are

text: held

text: at

text: Cedar

text: Ridge

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: and

text: major

text: championships

text: for

text: the

text: PGA

text: or

text: LPGA

text: have

text: been

text: played

text: at

text: Southern

text: Hills

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: Oak

text: Tree

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: Cedar

text: Ridge

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: Rated

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: golf

text: courses

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Southern

text: Hills

text: has

text: hosted

text: four

text: PGA

text: Championships

text: including

text: one

text: in

text: and

text: three

text: U.S.

text: Opens

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: in

text: Rodeos

text: are

text: popular

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: Guymon

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: panhandle

text: hosts

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: nation

question: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?

answer: LPGA

text: LPGA

question: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?

answer: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma City

question: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held?

answer: four

text: four


text: It is fairly clear that predators tend to lower the survival and fecundity of their prey, but on a higher level of organization, populations of predator and prey species also interact. It is obvious that predators depend on prey for survival, and this is reflected in predator populations being affected by changes in prey populations. It is not so obvious, however, that predators affect prey populations. Eating a prey organism may simply make room for another if the prey population is approaching its carrying capacity.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: It

text: is

text: fairly

text: clear

text: that

text: predators

text: tend

text: to

text: lower

text: the

text: survival

text: and

text: fecundity

text: of

text: their

text: prey

text: but

text: on

text: a

text: higher

text: level

text: of

text: organization

text: populations

text: of

text: predator

text: and

text: prey

text: species

text: also

text: interact

text: It

text: is

text: obvious

text: that

text: predators

text: depend

text: on

text: prey

text: for

text: survival

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: predator

text: populations

text: being

text: affected

text: by

text: changes

text: in

text: prey

text: populations

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: so

text: obvious

text: however

text: that

text: predators

text: affect

text: prey

text: populations

text: Eating

text: a

text: prey

text: organism

text: may

text: simply

text: make

text: room

text: for

text: another

text: if

text: the

text: prey

text: population

text: is

text: approaching

text: its

text: carrying

text: capacity

question: What do predators depend on for survival?

answer: prey

text: prey

question: Prey that is eaten is simply replaced by anohter when the population is close to what?

answer: carrying capacity

text: carrying capacity

question: Predators lower what aspects of their prey?

answer: survival and fecundity

text: survival and fecundity


text: In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of the Seleucid Empire, although the archaeological site at Qalat Al Bahrain has been proposed as a Seleucid base in the Persian Gulf. Alexander had planned to settle the eastern shores of the Persian Gulf with Greek colonists, and although it is not clear that this happened on the scale he envisaged, Tylos was very much part of the Hellenised world: the language of the upper classes was Greek (although Aramaic was in everyday use), while Zeus was worshipped in the form of the Arabian sun-god Shams. Tylos even became the site of Greek athletic contests.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: In

text: Arabia

text: Bahrain

text: which

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: as

text: Tylos

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: pearl

text: trading

text: when

text: Nearchus

text: came

text: to

text: discover

text: it

text: serving

text: under

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: The

text: Greek

text: admiral

text: Nearchus

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: commanders

text: to

text: visit

text: these

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: known

text: whether

text: Bahrain

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: Empire

text: although

text: the

text: archaeological

text: site

text: at

text: Qalat

text: Al

text: Bahrain

text: has

text: been

text: proposed

text: as

text: a

text: Seleucid

text: base

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: Alexander

text: had

text: planned

text: to

text: settle

text: the

text: eastern

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: with

text: Greek

text: colonists

text: and

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: that

text: this

text: happened

text: on

text: the

text: scale

text: he

text: envisaged

text: Tylos

text: was

text: very

text: much

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenised

text: world

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: classes

text: was

text: Greek

text: although

text: Aramaic

text: was

text: in

text: everyday

text: use

text: while

text: Zeus

text: was

text: worshipped

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: sun

text: god

text: Shams

text: Tylos

text: even

text: became

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Greek

text: athletic

text: contests

question: What did the Greeks call Bahrain?

answer: Tylos

text: Tylos

question: Where was the central point of pearl trading?

answer: Bahrain

text: Bahrain

question: Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain?

answer: Nearchus

text: Nearchus

question: Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god?

answer: Shams

text: Shams


text: In soccer, New York City is represented by New York City FC of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium. The New York Red Bulls play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey. Historically, the city is known for the New York Cosmos, the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of Pelé, one of the world's most famous soccer players. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in 2010, and began play in the second division North American Soccer League in 2013. The Cosmos play their home games at James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of Hofstra University, just outside the New York City limits in Hempstead, New York.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: In

text: soccer

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: FC

text: of

text: Major

text: League

text: Soccer

text: who

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Red

text: Bulls

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Arena

text: in

text: nearby

text: Harrison

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Historically

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Cosmos

text: the

text: highly

text: successful

text: former

text: professional

text: soccer

text: team

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: American

text: home

text: of

text: Pelé

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: famous

text: soccer

text: players

text: A

text: new

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Cosmos

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: began

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: division

text: North

text: American

text: Soccer

text: League

text: in

text: The

text: Cosmos

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: James

text: M.

text: Shuart

text: Stadium

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: Hofstra

text: University

text: just

text: outside

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: limits

text: in

text: Hempstead

text: New

text: York

question: What Major League Soccer franchise is based in New York?

answer: New York City FC

text: New York City FC

question: What stadium does the New York City FC call home?

answer: Yankee Stadium

text: Yankee Stadium

question: In what city are the New York Red Bulls based?

answer: Harrison, New Jersey

text: Harrison, New Jersey

question: What famous soccer player played for the New York Cosmos?

answer: Pelé

text: Pelé

question: At what institution of higher education is James M. Shuart Stadium located?

answer: Hofstra University

text: Hofstra University


text: Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the maximum provided in a single package without topology duplication. Doubly-fed electric motors are machines with an effective constant torque speed range that is twice synchronous speed for a given frequency of excitation. This is twice the constant torque speed range as singly-fed electric machines, which have only one active winding set.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Doubly

text: fed

text: electric

text: motors

text: have

text: two

text: independent

text: multiphase

text: winding

text: sets

text: which

text: contribute

text: active

text: i.e.

text: working

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: energy

text: conversion

text: process

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: winding

text: sets

text: electronically

text: controlled

text: for

text: variable

text: speed

text: operation

text: Two

text: independent

text: multiphase

text: winding

text: sets

text: i.e.

text: dual

text: armature

text: are

text: the

text: maximum

text: provided

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: package

text: without

text: topology

text: duplication

text: Doubly

text: fed

text: electric

text: motors

text: are

text: machines

text: with

text: an

text: effective

text: constant

text: torque

text: speed

text: range

text: that

text: is

text: twice

text: synchronous

text: speed

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: frequency

text: of

text: excitation

text: This

text: is

text: twice

text: the

text: constant

text: torque

text: speed

text: range

text: as

text: singly

text: fed

text: electric

text: machines

text: which

text: have

text: only

text: one

text: active

text: winding

text: set

question: What type of motor has two independent multiphase winding sets?

answer: Doubly fed electric motors

text: Doubly fed electric motors

question: What advanage do independent multiphase winding sets have?

answer: contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process

text: contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process

question: What is one of the independent multiphase winding sets configured for?

answer: variable speed operation

text: variable speed operation

question: Doubly fed motors have what advantage over single fed?

answer: twice the constant torque speed range

text: twice the constant torque speed range


text: The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: term

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: two

text: meanings

text: the

text: broader

text: meaning

text: includes

text: all

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: Medieval

text: era

text: to

text: today

text: and

text: the

text: specific

text: meaning

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Mozart

text: and

text: Haydn

text: This

text: section

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: more

text: specific

text: meaning

question: From the 1750's to the early 1830's is the era of Mozart and what other composer?

answer: Haydn

text: Haydn

question: Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?

answer: the early 1830s

text: the early 1830s

question: The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?

answer: the Medieval era

text: the Medieval era


text: In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies. First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA).:6.1 Second, that mRNA is translated to protein.:6.2 RNA-coding genes must still go through the first step, but are not translated into protein. The process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein is called gene expression, and the resulting molecule is called a gene product.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: In

text: all

text: organisms

text: two

text: steps

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: read

text: the

text: information

text: encoded

text: in

text: a

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: and

text: produce

text: the

text: protein

text: it

text: specifies

text: First

text: the

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: is

text: transcribed

text: to

text: messenger

text: RNA

text: Second

text: that

text: mRNA

text: is

text: translated

text: to

text: RNA

text: coding

text: genes

text: must

text: still

text: go

text: through

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: translated

text: into

text: protein

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: producing

text: a

text: biologically

text: functional

text: molecule

text: of

text: either

text: RNA

text: or

text: protein

text: is

text: called

text: gene

text: expression

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: molecule

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: gene

text: product

question: How many steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the specified protein?

answer: two steps are required

text: two steps are required

question: What is the first step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?

answer: the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA)

text: the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA)

question: What is the second step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?

answer: mRNA is translated to protein

text: mRNA is translated to protein

question: What step must RNA-coding genes still go through?

answer: the first step

text: the first step

question: What is the process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein called?

answer: gene expression

text: gene expression


text: Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates. "These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues, and they allow us to help bring national and international attention to the St. Louis region as one of America's great metropolitan areas," said Wrighton.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Although

text: Chancellor

text: Wrighton

text: had

text: noted

text: after

text: the

text: debate

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: improbable

text: that

text: the

text: university

text: will

text: host

text: another

text: debate

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: eager

text: to

text: commit

text: to

text: the

text: possibility

text: he

text: subsequently

text: changed

text: his

text: view

text: and

text: the

text: university

text: submitted

text: a

text: bid

text: for

text: the

text: debates

text: These

text: one

text: of

text: a

text: kind

text: events

text: are

text: great

text: experiences

text: for

text: our

text: students

text: they

text: contribute

text: to

text: a

text: national

text: understanding

text: of

text: important

text: issues

text: and

text: they

text: allow

text: us

text: to

text: help

text: bring

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: region

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: great

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: said

text: Wrighton

question: What was Chancellor Wrighton's initial sentiment to hosting another presidential debate at Washington University after 2004?

answer: it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility

text: it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility

question: What did  Chancellor Wrighton state as one of the reasons for hosting another debate at Washington University?

answer: These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues

text: These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues

question: What year did Chancellor Wrighton submit another bid for a presidential debate at Washington University after 2004?

answer: 2008


text: Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: was

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: Maurya

text: Empire

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BCE

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: onwards

text: Prakrit

text: and

text: Pali

text: literature

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Sangam

text: literature

text: in

text: southern

text: India

text: started

text: to

text: flourish

text: Wootz

text: steel

text: originated

text: in

text: south

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: was

text: exported

text: to

text: foreign

text: countries

text: Various

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: were

text: ruled

text: by

text: numerous

text: dynasties

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: among

text: which

text: the

text: Gupta

text: Empire

text: stands

text: out

text: This

text: period

text: witnessing

text: a

text: Hindu

text: religious

text: and

text: intellectual

text: resurgence

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: classical

text: or

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: India

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: aspects

text: of

text: Indian

text: civilization

text: administration

text: culture

text: and

text: religion

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: Buddhism

text: spread

text: to

text: much

text: of

text: Asia

text: while

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: southern

text: India

text: had

text: maritime

text: business

text: links

text: with

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: from

text: around

text: CE

text: Indian

text: cultural

text: influence

text: spread

text: over

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Indianized

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Greater

text: India

question: What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC?

answer: Maurya Empire

text: Maurya Empire

question: After the 3rd century BC, what style of literature grew in northern area of the subcontinent?

answer: Prakrit and Pali

text: Prakrit and Pali

question: What form of metal was developed and  exported from southern India?

answer: Wootz steel

text: Wootz steel

question: What was the period following 3rd century BC and extending 1500 years called?

answer: Golden Age of India

text: Golden Age of India

question: What was the foremost dynasty of the the Golden Age period?

answer: Gupta

text: Gupta


text: In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in the written representation of certain languages. Here is a comparison of the upper and lower case versions of each letter included in the English alphabet (the exact representation will vary according to the font used):

title: Letter_case

title: Letter_case

text: In

text: orthography

text: and

text: typography

text: letter

text: case

text: or

text: just

text: case

text: is

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: letters

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: larger

text: upper

text: case

text: also

text: capital

text: letters

text: capitals

text: caps

text: large

text: letters

text: or

text: more

text: formally

text: majuscule

text: see

text: Terminology

text: and

text: smaller

text: lower

text: case

text: also

text: small

text: letters

text: or

text: more

text: formally

text: minuscule

text: see

text: Terminology

text: in

text: the

text: written

text: representation

text: of

text: certain

text: languages

text: Here

text: is

text: a

text: comparison

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: lower

text: case

text: versions

text: of

text: each

text: letter

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: alphabet

text: the

text: exact

text: representation

text: will

text: vary

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: font

text: used

question: In orthography and typography, what is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case and lower upper case

answer: letter case

text: letter case

question: Minuscule is a term uses to describe which case of letter?

answer: smaller lower

text: smaller lower

question: Capital letters refer to which case of letter?

answer: larger upper

text: larger upper

question: Letter case is used to distinction betweem lowercase and uppercase letter in which common representation of certain languages?

answer: written

text: written


text: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: The

text: preserved

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

text: the

text: Reich

text: Security

text: Main

text: Office

text: show

text: the

text: persecution

text: of

text: Freemasons

text: during

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: RSHA

text: Amt

text: VII

text: Written

text: Records

text: was

text: overseen

text: by

text: Professor

text: Franz

text: Six

text: and

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: ideological

text: tasks

text: by

text: which

text: was

text: meant

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: antisemitic

text: and

text: anti

text: Masonic

text: propaganda

text: While

text: the

text: number

text: is

text: not

text: accurately

text: known

text: it

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: between

text: and

text: Freemasons

text: were

text: killed

text: under

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: Masonic

text: concentration

text: camp

text: inmates

text: were

text: graded

text: as

text: political

text: prisoners

text: and

text: wore

text: an

text: inverted

text: red

text: triangle

question: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime?

answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

text: between 80,000 and 200,000

question: What kind of prisioner was a Freemason considered to be?

answer: political prisoners

text: political prisoners

question: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear?

answer: inverted red triangle

text: inverted red triangle

question: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda?

answer: Professor Franz Six

text: Professor Franz Six

question: Where is most of the informaton about Freemasons persecuted in the Holocaust located?

answer: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)

text: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)

question: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called?

answer: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

text: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

question: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records?

answer: Professor Franz Six

text: Professor Franz Six

question: How many Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime?

answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

text: between 80,000 and 200,000

question: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear?

answer: an inverted red triangle.

text: an inverted red triangle.


text: The Gospel of John and particularly the first chapter demonstrates the Divinity of Jesus. This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius's stand. The Gospel of John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius, and his life's stand, but quietly. The Last Gospel of The Mass, The Eucharist, St John[1:1–14], together with the prayer; "Placeat tibi", the Blessing, are all private devotions that have been gradually absorbed by the liturgical service. The beginning of John's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the practice of saying it at the altar grew; eventually Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his edition of the Missal (1570). It became a firm custom with exceptions in using an other Gospel in use from 1920. So the Missals showed different last Gospel for certain Feast days. A Prayer Card for the St John's Gospel. Also:

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: The

text: Gospel

text: of

text: John

text: and

text: particularly

text: the

text: first

text: chapter

text: demonstrates

text: the

text: Divinity

text: of

text: Jesus

text: This

text: Gospel

text: in

text: itself

text: is

text: the

text: greatest

text: support

text: of

text: Athanasius

text: 's

text: stand

text: The

text: Gospel

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: first

text: chapter

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: said

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Mass

text: we

text: believe

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Athanasius

text: and

text: his

text: life

text: 's

text: stand

text: but

text: quietly

text: The

text: Last

text: Gospel

text: of

text: The

text: Mass

text: The

text: Eucharist

text: St

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: prayer

text: Placeat

text: tibi

text: the

text: Blessing

text: are

text: all

text: private

text: devotions

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: gradually

text: absorbed

text: by

text: the

text: liturgical

text: service

text: The

text: beginning

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: Gospel

text: was

text: much

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: object

text: of

text: special

text: devotion

text: throughout

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: saying

text: it

text: at

text: the

text: altar

text: grew

text: eventually

text: Pius

text: V

text: made

text: this

text: practice

text: universal

text: for

text: the

text: Roman

text: Rite

text: in

text: his

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Missal

text: It

text: became

text: a

text: firm

text: custom

text: with

text: exceptions

text: in

text: using

text: an

text: other

text: Gospel

text: in

text: use

text: from

text: So

text: the

text: Missals

text: showed

text: different

text: last

text: Gospel

text: for

text: certain

text: Feast

text: days

text: A

text: Prayer

text: Card

text: for

text: the

text: St

text: John

text: 's

text: Gospel

text: Also

question: Which of the Gospels most agrees with Athanasius?

answer: Gospel of John

text: Gospel of John

question: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed?

answer: the Divinity of Jesus

text: the Divinity of Jesus

question: Why is the Gospel of John said at the end of Catholic Mass?

answer: a result of Athanasius

text: a result of Athanasius

question: Where was this Gospel said?

answer: at the altar

text: at the altar

question: When are different Gospels said?

answer: certain Feast days

text: certain Feast days


text: However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embrace far more stringent halachic practices than their predecessors, most notably in matters of Kashrut and Passover dietary laws, where the strictest possible interpretation becomes a religious requirement, even where the Talmud explicitly prefers a more lenient position, and even where a more lenient position was practiced by prior generations.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: However

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: claim

text: to

text: absolute

text: fidelity

text: to

text: past

text: tradition

text: has

text: been

text: challenged

text: by

text: scholars

text: who

text: contend

text: that

text: the

text: Judaism

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: bore

text: little

text: resemblance

text: to

text: that

text: practiced

text: by

text: today

text: 's

text: Orthodox

text: Rather

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: community

text: as

text: a

text: counterreaction

text: to

text: the

text: liberalism

text: of

text: the

text: Haskalah

text: movement

text: began

text: to

text: embrace

text: far

text: more

text: stringent

text: halachic

text: practices

text: than

text: their

text: predecessors

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: matters

text: of

text: Kashrut

text: and

text: Passover

text: dietary

text: laws

text: where

text: the

text: strictest

text: possible

text: interpretation

text: becomes

text: a

text: religious

text: requirement

text: even

text: where

text: the

text: Talmud

text: explicitly

text: prefers

text: a

text: more

text: lenient

text: position

text: and

text: even

text: where

text: a

text: more

text: lenient

text: position

text: was

text: practiced

text: by

text: prior

text: generations

question: what is the name of the movement of liberalism?

answer: Haskalah

text: Haskalah

question: what sometimes prefers a more lenient position on Dietray laws?

answer: Talmud

text: Talmud

question: previous generations typically praciced a more lenient position in regard to what?

answer: dietary laws

text: dietary laws

question: What are dietary laws known as?

answer: halachic practices

text: halachic practices