text: Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: artists

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: prominent

text: national

text: role

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: In

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: soul

text: influenced

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: that

text: and

text: later

text: eras

text: On

text: July

text: Philadelphia

text: hosted

text: the

text: American

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Live

text: Aid

text: concert

text: at

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: Stadium

text: The

text: city

text: reprised

text: this

text: role

text: for

text: the

text: Live

text: concert

text: bringing

text: some

text: people

text: to

text: the

text: Ben

text: Franklin

text: Parkway

text: on

text: July

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: renowned

text: Philadelphia

text: Boys

text: Choir

text: Chorale

text: which

text: has

text: performed

text: its

text: music

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: Dr.

text: Robert

text: G.

text: Hamilton

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: choir

text: is

text: a

text: notable

text: native

text: Philadelphian

text: The

text: Philly

text: Pops

text: is

text: another

text: famous

text: Philadelphia

text: music

text: group

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: and

text: support

text: of

text: American

text: rock

text: music

text: and

text: rap

text: music

text: Hip

text: hop

text: Rap

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Roots

text: DJ

text: Jazzy

text: Jeff

text: The

text: Fresh

text: Prince

text: The

text: Goats

text: Freeway

text: Schoolly

text: D

text: Eve

text: and

text: Lisa

text: Left

text: Eye

text: Lopes

text: hail

text: from

text: the

text: city

question: Name a type of music from the 70's that influenced the nation?

answer: Philadelphia soul

text: Philadelphia soul

question: What concert did Philly host on July13th, 1985?

answer: Live Aid

text: Live Aid

question: What is the name of the stadium that held Live Aid?

answer: John F. Kennedy Stadium

text: John F. Kennedy Stadium

question: Name a hip/hop artist from the city?

answer: The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes

text: The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes


text: In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary. When the river narrowed and was no longer saline, he realized it was not a maritime passage and sailed back downriver. He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for his employer. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay would be claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland (New Netherland).

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: In

text: English

text: explorer

text: Henry

text: Hudson

text: re

text: discovered

text: the

text: region

text: when

text: he

text: sailed

text: his

text: ship

text: the

text: Halve

text: Maen

text: Half

text: Moon

text: in

text: Dutch

text: into

text: New

text: York

text: Harbor

text: while

text: searching

text: for

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Passage

text: to

text: the

text: Orient

text: for

text: his

text: employer

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: He

text: proceeded

text: to

text: sail

text: up

text: what

text: he

text: named

text: the

text: North

text: River

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Mauritis

text: River

text: and

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: to

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: capital

text: of

text: Albany

text: in

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: it

text: might

text: represent

text: an

text: oceanic

text: tributary

text: When

text: the

text: river

text: narrowed

text: and

text: was

text: no

text: longer

text: saline

text: he

text: realized

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: maritime

text: passage

text: and

text: sailed

text: back

text: downriver

text: He

text: made

text: a

text: ten

text: day

text: exploration

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: and

text: claimed

text: the

text: region

text: for

text: his

text: employer

text: In

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: Cape

text: Cod

text: and

text: Delaware

text: Bay

text: would

text: be

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: called

text: Nieuw

text: Nederland

text: New

text: Netherland

question: What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?

answer: Henry Hudson

text: Henry Hudson

question: Who was Henry Hudson working for?

answer: Dutch East India Company

text: Dutch East India Company

question: In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod?

answer: 1614

question: How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?

answer: North River

text: North River

question: Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s?

answer: Dutch East India Company

text: Dutch East India Company

question: In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch?

answer: 1614

question: Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609?

answer: Henry Hudson

text: Henry Hudson


text: The cursive script (草書(书), cǎoshū, literally "grass script") is used informally. The basic character shapes are suggested, rather than explicitly realized, and the abbreviations are sometimes extreme. Despite being cursive to the point where individual strokes are no longer differentiable and the characters often illegible to the untrained eye, this script (also known as draft) is highly revered for the beauty and freedom that it embodies. Some of the simplified Chinese characters adopted by the People's Republic of China, and some simplified characters used in Japan, are derived from the cursive script. The Japanese hiragana script is also derived from this script.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: The

text: cursive

text: script

text: 草書(书

text: cǎoshū

text: literally

text: grass

text: script

text: is

text: used

text: informally

text: The

text: basic

text: character

text: shapes

text: are

text: suggested

text: rather

text: than

text: explicitly

text: realized

text: and

text: the

text: abbreviations

text: are

text: sometimes

text: extreme

text: Despite

text: being

text: cursive

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: individual

text: strokes

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: differentiable

text: and

text: the

text: characters

text: often

text: illegible

text: to

text: the

text: untrained

text: eye

text: this

text: script

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: draft

text: is

text: highly

text: revered

text: for

text: the

text: beauty

text: and

text: freedom

text: that

text: it

text: embodies

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: some

text: simplified

text: characters

text: used

text: in

text: Japan

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: cursive

text: script

text: The

text: Japanese

text: hiragana

text: script

text: is

text: also

text: derived

text: from

text: this

text: script

question: What script is used informally?

answer: cursive

text: cursive

question: What are suggested, rather than explicitly realized?

answer: basic character shapes

text: basic character shapes

question: What script is derived from the cursive script?

answer: Japanese hiragana script

text: Japanese hiragana script


text: 112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Harlem. Notable locations include:

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: starts

text: in

text: Morningside

text: Heights

text: and

text: runs

text: from

text: Riverside

text: Drive

text: to

text: Amsterdam

text: Avenue

text: where

text: it

text: meets

text: the

text: steps

text: of

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Saint

text: John

text: the

text: Divine

text: The

text: street

text: resumes

text: at

text: the

text: eastern

text: edge

text: of

text: Morningside

text: Park

text: and

text: extends

text: through

text: Harlem

text: before

text: ending

text: at

text: First

text: Avenue

text: adjacent

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: Park

text: in

text: East

text: Harlem

text: Notable

text: locations

text: include

question: Where does 112th Street start?

answer: Morningside Heights

text: Morningside Heights

question: Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?

answer: 112th Street

text: 112th Street

question: Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?

answer: 112th Street

text: 112th Street


text: Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, protect, and defend in order to sustain assigned networks and missions. This includes protection measures against supply chain components plus critical C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks. The cyberspace support mission incorporates CNE and CND techniques. It incorporates all elements of Air Force Network Operations, information transport, enterprise management, and information assurance, and is dependent on ISR and all-source intelligence.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Cyberspace

text: Support

text: is

text: foundational

text: continuous

text: or

text: responsive

text: operations

text: ensuring

text: information

text: integrity

text: and

text: availability

text: in

text: through

text: and

text: from

text: Air

text: Force

text: controlled

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: its

text: interconnected

text: analog

text: and

text: digital

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: battle

text: space

text: Inherent

text: in

text: this

text: mission

text: is

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: establish

text: extend

text: secure

text: protect

text: and

text: defend

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: sustain

text: assigned

text: networks

text: and

text: missions

text: This

text: includes

text: protection

text: measures

text: against

text: supply

text: chain

text: components

text: plus

text: critical

text: networks

text: communications

text: links

text: and

text: nuclear

text: networks

text: The

text: cyberspace

text: support

text: mission

text: incorporates

text: CNE

text: and

text: CND

text: techniques

text: It

text: incorporates

text: all

text: elements

text: of

text: Air

text: Force

text: Network

text: Operations

text: information

text: transport

text: enterprise

text: management

text: and

text: information

text: assurance

text: and

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: ISR

text: and

text: all

text: source

text: intelligence

question: What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability?

answer: Cyberspace Support

text: Cyberspace Support

question: What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission?

answer: sustain assigned networks and missions

text: sustain assigned networks and missions

question: What important networks is it the function of Cyberspace support to protect?

answer: C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks

text: C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks

question: What techniques does the Cyberspace Support branch of the Air Force use?

answer: CNE and CND

text: CNE and CND


text: When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction for Communist propaganda. According to Molotov Germany had a legitimate interest in regaining its position as a great power and the Allies had started an aggressive war in order to maintain the Versailles system.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: When

text: a

text: joint

text: German

text: Soviet

text: peace

text: initiative

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: on

text: September

text: Soviet

text: foreign

text: policy

text: became

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: more

text: pro

text: German

text: in

text: turn

text: During

text: the

text: fifth

text: session

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: on

text: October

text: Molotov

text: analysed

text: the

text: international

text: situation

text: thus

text: giving

text: the

text: direction

text: for

text: Communist

text: propaganda

text: According

text: to

text: Molotov

text: Germany

text: had

text: a

text: legitimate

text: interest

text: in

text: regaining

text: its

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: Allies

text: had

text: started

text: an

text: aggressive

text: war

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: Versailles

text: system

question: Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan?

answer: Britain and France

text: Britain and France

question: Why was the west creating a war?

answer: to maintain the Versailles system.

text: to maintain the Versailles system.

question: Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda?

answer: Molotov

text: Molotov


text: Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Tajikistan

text: means

text: the

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Tajiks

text: The

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: Persian

text: ـستان

text: -stān

text: is

text: Persian

text: for

text: place

text: of

text: or

text: country

text: and

text: Tajik

text: is

text: most

text: likely

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: a

text: pre

text: Islamic

text: before

text: the

text: seventh

text: century

text: A.D.

text: tribe

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Congress

text: 's

text: Country

text: Study

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: definitively

text: state

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: Tajik

text: because

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: embroiled

text: in

text: twentieth

text: century

text: political

text: disputes

text: about

text: whether

text: Turkic

text: or

text: Iranian

text: peoples

text: were

text: the

text: original

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

question: Where did the word Tajik come from?

answer: the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe

text: the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe

question: What does Tajikistan mean?

answer: "Land of the Tajiks"

text: "Land of the Tajiks"

question: What does the suffix -stan mean?

answer: "place of" or "country"

text: "place of" or "country"

question: Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik?

answer: because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."

text: because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."


text: The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: tide

text: predicting

text: machine

text: invented

text: by

text: Sir

text: William

text: Thomson

text: in

text: was

text: of

text: great

text: utility

text: to

text: navigation

text: in

text: shallow

text: waters

text: It

text: used

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: pulleys

text: and

text: wires

text: to

text: automatically

text: calculate

text: predicted

text: tide

text: levels

text: for

text: a

text: set

text: period

text: at

text: a

text: particular

text: location

question: When was the tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson invented?

answer: 1872

question: Who invented the first tide-predicting machine in 1872?

answer: Sir William Thomson

text: Sir William Thomson

question: What did Sir William Thomson's tide-predicting machine use to function?

answer: system of pulleys and wires

text: system of pulleys and wires


text: During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 BC), but he was eventually killed by a Parthian counterattack. After the fall of the Seleucid dynasty, the Parthians fought frequently against neighbouring Rome in the Roman–Parthian Wars (66 BC – 217 AD). Abundant traces of Hellenism continued under the Parthian empire. The Parthians used Greek as well as their own Parthian language (though lesser than Greek) as languages of administration and also used Greek drachmas as coinage. They enjoyed Greek theater and Greek art influenced Parthian art. The Parthians continued worhipping Greek gods syncretized together with Iranian deities. Their rulers established ruler cults in the manner of Hellenistic kings and often used Hellenistic royal epithets.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Mithridates

text: I

text: of

text: Parthia

text: Arsacid

text: control

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: Herat

text: in

text: BC

text: Babylonia

text: in

text: BC

text: Media

text: in

text: BC

text: Persia

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: Syria

text: in

text: the

text: BC

text: The

text: Seleucid

text: Parthian

text: wars

text: continued

text: as

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: invaded

text: Mesopotamia

text: under

text: Antiochus

text: VII

text: Sidetes

text: r.

text: BC

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: eventually

text: killed

text: by

text: a

text: Parthian

text: counterattack

text: After

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: dynasty

text: the

text: Parthians

text: fought

text: frequently

text: against

text: neighbouring

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Parthian

text: Wars

text: BC

text: AD

text: Abundant

text: traces

text: of

text: Hellenism

text: continued

text: under

text: the

text: Parthian

text: empire

text: The

text: Parthians

text: used

text: Greek

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: Parthian

text: language

text: though

text: lesser

text: than

text: Greek

text: as

text: languages

text: of

text: administration

text: and

text: also

text: used

text: Greek

text: drachmas

text: as

text: coinage

text: They

text: enjoyed

text: Greek

text: theater

text: and

text: Greek

text: art

text: influenced

text: Parthian

text: art

text: The

text: Parthians

text: continued

text: worhipping

text: Greek

text: gods

text: syncretized

text: together

text: with

text: Iranian

text: deities

text: Their

text: rulers

text: established

text: ruler

text: cults

text: in

text: the

text: manner

text: of

text: Hellenistic

text: kings

text: and

text: often

text: used

text: Hellenistic

text: royal

text: epithets

question: The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance?

answer: Antiochus VII Sidetes

text: Antiochus VII Sidetes

question: Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army?

answer: Parthian

text: Parthian

question: What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars?

answer: 66 BC – 217 AD

text: 66 BC – 217 AD

question: What was the currency in the Parthian Empire?

answer: Greek drachmas

text: Greek drachmas

question: The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities?

answer: Iranian

text: Iranian


text: Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed). The pope either decides the case himself or delegates the decision to a tribunal, usually one of the tribunals or congregations of the Roman Curia. Without such delegation, no ecclesiastical court, even the Roman Rota, is competent to judge a canon law case against a cardinal. Cardinals are, however, subject to the civil and criminal law like everybody else.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: Cardinals

text: have

text: in

text: canon

text: law

text: a

text: privilege

text: of

text: forum

text: i.e.

text: exemption

text: from

text: being

text: judged

text: by

text: ecclesiastical

text: tribunals

text: of

text: ordinary

text: rank

text: only

text: the

text: pope

text: is

text: competent

text: to

text: judge

text: them

text: in

text: matters

text: subject

text: to

text: ecclesiastical

text: jurisdiction

text: cases

text: that

text: refer

text: to

text: matters

text: that

text: are

text: spiritual

text: or

text: linked

text: with

text: the

text: spiritual

text: or

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: infringement

text: of

text: ecclesiastical

text: laws

text: and

text: whatever

text: contains

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: sin

text: where

text: culpability

text: must

text: be

text: determined

text: and

text: the

text: appropriate

text: ecclesiastical

text: penalty

text: imposed

text: The

text: pope

text: either

text: decides

text: the

text: case

text: himself

text: or

text: delegates

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: a

text: tribunal

text: usually

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tribunals

text: or

text: congregations

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Curia

text: Without

text: such

text: delegation

text: no

text: ecclesiastical

text: court

text: even

text: the

text: Roman

text: Rota

text: is

text: competent

text: to

text: judge

text: a

text: canon

text: law

text: case

text: against

text: a

text: cardinal

text: Cardinals

text: are

text: however

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: civil

text: and

text: criminal

text: law

text: like

text: everybody

text: else

question: Who is the only person who can judge a Cardinal in regards to laws of the church?

answer: the pope

text: the pope


text: Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" channels leading to a certain organ had been disrupted. Thus, Han-era physicians prescribed medicine that was believed to counteract this imbalance. For example, since the wood phase was believed to promote the fire phase, medicinal ingredients associated with the wood phase could be used to heal an organ associated with the fire phase. To this end, the physician Zhang Zhongjing (c. 150–c. 219 AD) prescribed regulated diets rich in certain foods that were thought to cure specific illnesses. These are now known to be nutrition disorders caused by the lack of certain vitamins consumed in one's diet. Besides dieting, Han physicians also prescribed moxibustion, acupuncture, and calisthenics as methods of maintaining one's health. When surgery was performed by the physician Hua Tuo (d. 208 AD), he used anesthesia to numb his patients' pain and prescribed a rubbing ointment that allegedly sped the process of healing surgical wounds.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Han

text: era

text: medical

text: physicians

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: was

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: forces

text: of

text: nature

text: that

text: governed

text: the

text: greater

text: universe

text: namely

text: the

text: cosmological

text: cycles

text: of

text: yin

text: and

text: yang

text: and

text: the

text: five

text: phases

text: Each

text: organ

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: phase

text: Illness

text: was

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: sign

text: that

text: qi

text: or

text: vital

text: energy

text: channels

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: certain

text: organ

text: had

text: been

text: disrupted

text: Thus

text: Han

text: era

text: physicians

text: prescribed

text: medicine

text: that

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: counteract

text: this

text: imbalance

text: For

text: example

text: since

text: the

text: wood

text: phase

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: fire

text: phase

text: medicinal

text: ingredients

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: wood

text: phase

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: heal

text: an

text: organ

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: fire

text: phase

text: To

text: this

text: end

text: the

text: physician

text: Zhang

text: Zhongjing

text: c.

text: AD

text: prescribed

text: regulated

text: diets

text: rich

text: in

text: certain

text: foods

text: that

text: were

text: thought

text: to

text: cure

text: specific

text: illnesses

text: These

text: are

text: now

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: nutrition

text: disorders

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: certain

text: vitamins

text: consumed

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: diet

text: Besides

text: dieting

text: Han

text: physicians

text: also

text: prescribed

text: moxibustion

text: acupuncture

text: and

text: calisthenics

text: as

text: methods

text: of

text: maintaining

text: one

text: 's

text: health

text: When

text: surgery

text: was

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: physician

text: Hua

text: Tuo

text: d.

text: AD

text: he

text: used

text: anesthesia

text: to

text: numb

text: his

text: patients

text: pain

text: and

text: prescribed

text: a

text: rubbing

text: ointment

text: that

text: allegedly

text: sped

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: healing

text: surgical

text: wounds

question: Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body?

answer: Han-era medical physicians

text: Han-era medical physicians

question: What was used during surgery to relieve patients of their pain?

answer: anesthesia

text: anesthesia

question: What profession was the individual Zhang Zhongjing involved in?

answer: physician

text: physician

question: How did Zhang Zhongjing attempt to cure various illnesses?

answer: prescribed regulated diets

text: prescribed regulated diets

question: When did Hua Tuo die?

answer: 208 AD

text: 208 AD


text: The predominant school of thought in the 13th century was the Thomistic reconciliation of the teachings of Aristotle with Christian theology. The Condemnation of 1277, enacted at the University of Paris, placed restrictions on ideas that could be interpreted as heretical; restrictions that had implication for Aristotelian thought. An alternative was presented by William of Ockham, who insisted that the world of reason and the world of faith had to be kept apart. Ockham introduced the principle of parsimony – or Occam's razor – whereby a simple theory is preferred to a more complex one, and speculation on unobservable phenomena is avoided.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: The

text: predominant

text: school

text: of

text: thought

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: the

text: Thomistic

text: reconciliation

text: of

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: with

text: Christian

text: theology

text: The

text: Condemnation

text: of

text: enacted

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: placed

text: restrictions

text: on

text: ideas

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: interpreted

text: as

text: heretical

text: restrictions

text: that

text: had

text: implication

text: for

text: Aristotelian

text: thought

text: An

text: alternative

text: was

text: presented

text: by

text: William

text: of

text: Ockham

text: who

text: insisted

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: reason

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: faith

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: kept

text: apart

text: Ockham

text: introduced

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: parsimony

text: or

text: Occam

text: 's

text: razor

text: whereby

text: a

text: simple

text: theory

text: is

text: preferred

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: complex

text: one

text: and

text: speculation

text: on

text: unobservable

text: phenomena

text: is

text: avoided

question: Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 13th century?

answer: Thomistic

text: Thomistic

question: Where was the Condemnation of 1277 enacted?

answer: University of Paris

text: University of Paris

question: Which philosopher believed that reason and faith were to be kept separate?

answer: William of Ockham

text: William of Ockham

question: What is the common name for William of Ockham's principle of parsimony?

answer: Occam's razor

text: Occam's razor

question: On what types of ideas did the Condemnation of 1277 place restrictions?

answer: heretical

text: heretical


text: Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970s and 1980s, but rising use of liquid crystal displays, with their lower power needs and greater display flexibility, has reduced the popularity of numeric and alphanumeric LED displays.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Alphanumeric

text: LEDs

text: are

text: available

text: in

text: seven

text: segment

text: starburst

text: and

text: dot

text: matrix

text: format

text: Seven

text: segment

text: displays

text: handle

text: all

text: numbers

text: and

text: a

text: limited

text: set

text: of

text: letters

text: Starburst

text: displays

text: can

text: display

text: all

text: letters

text: Dot

text: matrix

text: displays

text: typically

text: use

text: pixels

text: per

text: character

text: Seven

text: segment

text: LED

text: displays

text: were

text: in

text: widespread

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: but

text: rising

text: use

text: of

text: liquid

text: crystal

text: displays

text: with

text: their

text: lower

text: power

text: needs

text: and

text: greater

text: display

text: flexibility

text: has

text: reduced

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: numeric

text: and

text: alphanumeric

text: LED

text: displays

question: What type of LEDs are available in seven-segment format?

answer: Alphanumeric

text: Alphanumeric

question: What is another format that Alphanumeric LEDs are available in?

answer: dot-matrix

text: dot-matrix

question: Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters?

answer: Starburst

text: Starburst

question: What type of pixels does a dot matrix display use?

answer: 5x7

question: What has reduced the popularity of numeric LED displays?

answer: liquid crystal displays

text: liquid crystal displays


text: Cultural depictions of dogs in art extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves. Representations of dogs became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed. Hunting scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, watchfulness, and love.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Cultural

text: depictions

text: of

text: dogs

text: in

text: art

text: extend

text: back

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: to

text: when

text: dogs

text: were

text: portrayed

text: on

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: caves

text: Representations

text: of

text: dogs

text: became

text: more

text: elaborate

text: as

text: individual

text: breeds

text: evolved

text: and

text: the

text: relationships

text: between

text: human

text: and

text: canine

text: developed

text: Hunting

text: scenes

text: were

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Dogs

text: were

text: depicted

text: to

text: symbolize

text: guidance

text: protection

text: loyalty

text: fidelity

text: faithfulness

text: watchfulness

text: and

text: love

question: Thousands of years ago, dogs were depicted on the walls of what?

answer: caves.

text: caves.

question: What scenes were popular in art during the Middle Ages?

answer: Hunting

text: Hunting

question: Dogs were depicted as art on the walls of what?

answer: caves

text: caves

question: What kind of art scene was popular in the Middle Ages?

answer: Hunting scenes

text: Hunting scenes

question: As relationships between people and dogs got closer, what happened to the art that had dogs in it?

answer: became more elaborate

text: became more elaborate


text: As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status:

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: As

text: another

text: example

text: she

text: points

text: to

text: work

text: by

text: Thomas

text: et

text: al

text: who

text: sought

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: Jewish

text: priests

text: Kohanim

text: in

text: Judaism

text: membership

text: in

text: the

text: priesthood

text: is

text: passed

text: on

text: through

text: the

text: father

text: 's

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: non

text: Jews

text: Abu

text: el

text: Haj

text: concluded

text: that

text: this

text: new

text: race

text: science

text: calls

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: ancestry

text: narrowly

text: defined

text: as

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: all

text: ancestors

text: in

text: some

text: religions

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: culture

text: and

text: people

text: 's

text: desire

text: to

text: use

text: science

text: to

text: confirm

text: their

text: claims

text: about

text: ancestry

text: this

text: race

text: science

text: she

text: argues

text: is

text: fundamentally

text: different

text: from

text: older

text: notions

text: of

text: race

text: that

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: explain

text: differences

text: in

text: human

text: behaviour

text: or

text: social

text: status

question: Thomas and others sought to distinguish between what chromosome of Jewish priests and that of non-Jews?

answer: Y

text: Y

question: What does the new "race science" call attention to the importance of?

answer: ancestry

text: ancestry

question: What do people desire to use science to confirm?

answer: their claims about ancestry

text: their claims about ancestry

question: What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?

answer: race science

text: race science

question: How were older notions of race used?

answer: to explain differences in human behaviour or social status

text: to explain differences in human behaviour or social status


text: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test. These are not affected by immunization or most environmental mycobacteria, so they generate fewer false-positive results. However, they are affected by M. szulgai, M. marinum, and M. kansasii. IGRAs may increase sensitivity when used in addition to the skin test, but may be less sensitive than the skin test when used alone.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: The

text: Mantoux

text: tuberculin

text: skin

text: test

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: screen

text: people

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: for

text: TB

text: Those

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: previously

text: immunized

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: false

text: positive

text: test

text: result

text: The

text: test

text: may

text: be

text: falsely

text: negative

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: sarcoidosis

text: Hodgkin

text: 's

text: lymphoma

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: most

text: notably

text: active

text: tuberculosis

text: Interferon

text: gamma

text: release

text: assays

text: IGRAs

text: on

text: a

text: blood

text: sample

text: are

text: recommended

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: positive

text: to

text: the

text: Mantoux

text: test

text: These

text: are

text: not

text: affected

text: by

text: immunization

text: or

text: most

text: environmental

text: mycobacteria

text: so

text: they

text: generate

text: fewer

text: false

text: positive

text: results

text: However

text: they

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: M.

text: szulgai

text: M.

text: marinum

text: and

text: M.

text: kansasii

text: IGRAs

text: may

text: increase

text: sensitivity

text: when

text: used

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: skin

text: test

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: less

text: sensitive

text: than

text: the

text: skin

text: test

text: when

text: used

text: alone

question: What result might someone who has received a TB vaccination get from the Mantoux test?

answer: false-positive

text: false-positive

question: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?

answer: blood

text: blood

question: In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity?

answer: increase

text: increase

question: Which test has fewer false positives: IGRAs or the Mantoux skin test?

answer: IGRAs

text: IGRAs

question: What does "IGRAs" stand for?

answer: Interferon gamma release assays

text: Interferon gamma release assays


text: Season six premiered with the series' highest-rated debut episode and a few of its succeeding episodes rank among the most watched episodes of American Idol. During this time, many television executives begun to regard the show as a programming force unlike any seen before, as its consistent dominance of up to two hours two or three nights a week exceeded the 30- or 60-minute reach of previous hits such as NBC's The Cosby Show. The show was dubbed "the Death Star", and competing networks often rearranged their schedules in order to minimize losses. However, season six also showed a steady decline in viewership over the course of the season. The season finale saw a drop in ratings of 16% from the previous year. Season six was the first season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages (unlike in the previous seasons), and became the second highest-rated of the series after the preceding season.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: six

text: premiered

text: with

text: the

text: series

text: highest

text: rated

text: debut

text: episode

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: its

text: succeeding

text: episodes

text: rank

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: watched

text: episodes

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: many

text: television

text: executives

text: begun

text: to

text: regard

text: the

text: show

text: as

text: a

text: programming

text: force

text: unlike

text: any

text: seen

text: before

text: as

text: its

text: consistent

text: dominance

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: two

text: hours

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: nights

text: a

text: week

text: exceeded

text: the

text: or

text: reach

text: of

text: previous

text: hits

text: such

text: as

text: NBC

text: 's

text: The

text: Cosby

text: Show

text: The

text: show

text: was

text: dubbed

text: the

text: Death

text: Star

text: and

text: competing

text: networks

text: often

text: rearranged

text: their

text: schedules

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: minimize

text: losses

text: However

text: season

text: six

text: also

text: showed

text: a

text: steady

text: decline

text: in

text: viewership

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: season

text: finale

text: saw

text: a

text: drop

text: in

text: ratings

text: of

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: Season

text: six

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: wherein

text: the

text: average

text: results

text: show

text: rated

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: competition

text: stages

text: unlike

text: in

text: the

text: previous

text: seasons

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: rated

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: after

text: the

text: preceding

text: season

question: Which season premier of American Idol was the most watched?

answer: Season six

text: Season six

question: During which season to American Idols rating begin to fall?

answer: Season six

text: Season six

question: What did other television networks refer to American Idol as because of its ratings?

answer: the Death Star

text: the Death Star

question: Which television network originally aired The Cosby Show?

answer: NBC

text: NBC

question: Which season premiere was the most watched of all seasons?

answer: Season six

text: Season six

question: What was the show called by other networks?

answer: the Death Star

text: the Death Star

question: Season six saw what for the first time in viewership?

answer: decline

text: decline

question: Season six was the first season where what had more viewers?

answer: results show

text: results show


text: The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlisted casualties. In practice, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) was virtually independent of the Army during World War II, but officials wanted formal independence. The National Security Act of 1947 was signed on on 26 July 1947 by President Harry S Truman, which established the Department of the Air Force, but it was not not until 18 September 1947, when the first secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington was sworn into office that the Air Force was officially formed.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: U.S.

text: War

text: Department

text: created

text: the

text: first

text: antecedent

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: in

text: which

text: through

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: changes

text: of

text: organization

text: titles

text: and

text: missions

text: advanced

text: toward

text: eventual

text: separation

text: years

text: later

text: In

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: almost

text: U.S

text: airmen

text: died

text: helping

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: war

text: only

text: the

text: infantry

text: suffered

text: more

text: enlisted

text: casualties

text: In

text: practice

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: was

text: virtually

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: but

text: officials

text: wanted

text: formal

text: independence

text: The

text: National

text: Security

text: Act

text: of

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: on

text: July

text: by

text: President

text: Harry

text: S

text: Truman

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: not

text: until

text: September

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: W.

text: Stuart

text: Symington

text: was

text: sworn

text: into

text: office

text: that

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: was

text: officially

text: formed

question: Who created the first version of the US Air Force in 1907?

answer: U.S. War Department

text: U.S. War Department

question: When did the US Air Force separate from the War Department?

answer: 40 years later

text: 40 years later

question: How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII?

answer: 68,000

question: What does the USAAF stand for?

answer: U.S. Army Air Forces

text: U.S. Army Air Forces

question: Who signed the National Security Act of 1947?

answer: President Harry S Truman

text: President Harry S Truman


text: Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: fall

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: James

text: River

text: miles

text: km

text: west

text: of

text: Williamsburg

text: miles

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: Charlottesville

text: and

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Surrounded

text: by

text: Henrico

text: and

text: Chesterfield

text: counties

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: intersections

text: of

text: Interstate

text: and

text: Interstate

text: and

text: encircled

text: by

text: Interstate

text: and

text: Virginia

text: State

text: Route

text: Major

text: suburbs

text: include

text: Midlothian

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Glen

text: Allen

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: Short

text: Pump

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Mechanicsville

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

question: Richmond is located at what line of the James river?

answer: the fall line

text: the fall line

question: At what intersections is the Richmond located?

answer: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.

text: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.

question: What counties are located? around Washington.D.C?

answer: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

text: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

question: What suburb is located on the southwest?

answer: Midlothian

text: Midlothian

question: What suburb is located on the north and west?

answer: Glen Allen

text: Glen Allen

question: What are the major roads in Richmond?

answer: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288

text: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288

question: What is the closest historically famous city is 44 miles away?

answer: 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg

text: 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg

question: What counties surround Richmond?

answer: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

text: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

question: Name at least two major suburbs of Richmond.

answer: Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast

text: Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast

question: How many miles east of Richmond is Williamsburg?

answer: 44

question: How many kilometers west of Charlottesville is Richmond?

answer: 106

question: Leaving Washington DC, what cardinal direction would one travel to reach Richmond?

answer: south

text: south

question: What is Richmond's southwestern suburb?

answer: Midlothian

text: Midlothian

question: Where is Short Pump located in relation to Richmond?

answer: west

text: west


text: This multilevel construct is consistent with Dasmann and Lovejoy. An explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference. Wilcox's definition was "Biological diversity is the variety of life forms...at all levels of biological systems (i.e., molecular, organismic, population, species and ecosystem)...". The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". This definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: This

text: multilevel

text: construct

text: is

text: consistent

text: with

text: Dasmann

text: and

text: Lovejoy

text: An

text: explicit

text: definition

text: consistent

text: with

text: this

text: interpretation

text: was

text: first

text: given

text: in

text: a

text: paper

text: by

text: Bruce

text: A.

text: Wilcox

text: commissioned

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Union

text: for

text: the

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Nature

text: and

text: Natural

text: Resources

text: IUCN

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: National

text: Parks

text: Conference

text: Wilcox

text: 's

text: definition

text: was

text: Biological

text: diversity

text: is

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: life

text: forms

text: at

text: all

text: levels

text: of

text: biological

text: systems

text: i.e.

text: molecular

text: organismic

text: population

text: species

text: and

text: ecosystem

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Earth

text: Summit

text: defined

text: biological

text: diversity

text: as

text: the

text: variability

text: among

text: living

text: organisms

text: from

text: all

text: sources

text: including

text: inter

text: alia

text: terrestrial

text: marine

text: and

text: other

text: aquatic

text: ecosystems

text: and

text: the

text: ecological

text: complexes

text: of

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: part

text: this

text: includes

text: diversity

text: within

text: species

text: between

text: species

text: and

text: of

text: ecosystems

text: This

text: definition

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Convention

text: on

text: Biological

text: Diversity

question: Who is the author of the biodiversity research paper?

answer: Bruce A. Wilcox

text: Bruce A. Wilcox

question: Who commissioned the biodiversity research paper?

answer: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)

text: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)

question: At what event was the biodiversity research paper presented?

answer: 1982 World National Parks Conference

text: 1982 World National Parks Conference

question: What year did the United Nations Earth Summit define "biological diversity"?

answer: 1992


text: In a 2009 national readership survey The Times was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25–44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: In

text: a

text: national

text: readership

text: survey

text: The

text: Times

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: readers

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: numbers

text: of

text: readers

text: in

text: London

text: of

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: quality

text: papers

question: In a 2009 national readership survey, what newspaper has the highest number of ABC1 25-44 readers?

answer: The Times

text: The Times

question: What newspaper has the highest number of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers?

answer: The Times

text: The Times

question: The Times is found to have the highest number of readers from what age group?

answer: 25–44


text: In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never be absolute: "Our prior holdings do not call for total separation between church and state; total separation is not possible in an absolute sense. Some relationship between government and religious organizations is inevitable," the court wrote. "Judicial caveats against entanglement must recognize that the line of separation, far from being a "wall," is a blurred, indistinct, and variable barrier depending on all the circumstances of a particular relationship."

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: Lemon

text: v.

text: Kurtzman

text: U.S.

text: the

text: court

text: determined

text: that

text: a

text: Pennsylvania

text: state

text: policy

text: of

text: reimbursing

text: the

text: salaries

text: and

text: related

text: costs

text: of

text: teachers

text: of

text: secular

text: subjects

text: in

text: private

text: religious

text: schools

text: violated

text: the

text: Establishment

text: Clause

text: The

text: court

text: 's

text: decision

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: could

text: never

text: be

text: absolute

text: Our

text: prior

text: holdings

text: do

text: not

text: call

text: for

text: total

text: separation

text: between

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: total

text: separation

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: in

text: an

text: absolute

text: sense

text: Some

text: relationship

text: between

text: government

text: and

text: religious

text: organizations

text: is

text: inevitable

text: the

text: court

text: wrote

text: Judicial

text: caveats

text: against

text: entanglement

text: must

text: recognize

text: that

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: separation

text: far

text: from

text: being

text: a

text: wall

text: is

text: a

text: blurred

text: indistinct

text: and

text: variable

text: barrier

text: depending

text: on

text: all

text: the

text: circumstances

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: relationship

question: When was the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman?

answer: 1971

question: What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman?

answer: Pennsylvania

text: Pennsylvania

question: Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools?

answer: teachers of secular subjects

text: teachers of secular subjects

question: What did the state's policy violate?

answer: the Establishment Clause

text: the Establishment Clause

question: What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could never be?

answer: absolute

text: absolute


text: A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does". To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt. Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: A

text: person

text: 's

text: self

text: report

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: reliable

text: measure

text: of

text: pain

text: with

text: health

text: care

text: professionals

text: tending

text: to

text: underestimate

text: severity

text: A

text: definition

text: of

text: pain

text: widely

text: employed

text: in

text: nursing

text: emphasizing

text: its

text: subjective

text: nature

text: and

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: believing

text: patient

text: reports

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: Margo

text: McCaffery

text: in

text: Pain

text: is

text: whatever

text: the

text: experiencing

text: person

text: says

text: it

text: is

text: existing

text: whenever

text: he

text: says

text: it

text: does

text: To

text: assess

text: intensity

text: the

text: patient

text: may

text: be

text: asked

text: to

text: locate

text: their

text: pain

text: on

text: a

text: scale

text: of

text: to

text: with

text: being

text: no

text: pain

text: at

text: all

text: and

text: the

text: worst

text: pain

text: they

text: have

text: ever

text: felt

text: Quality

text: can

text: be

text: established

text: by

text: having

text: the

text: patient

text: complete

text: the

text: McGill

text: Pain

text: Questionnaire

text: indicating

text: which

text: words

text: best

text: describe

text: their

text: pain

question: What is the most reliable measure of pain?

answer: person's self-report

text: person's self-report

question: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate?

answer: severity

text: severity

question: What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?

answer: definition of pain

text: definition of pain

question: What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on?

answer: 0 to 10

text: 0 to 10

question: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?

answer: which words best describe their pain

text: which words best describe their pain


text: Recent research supports Jefferson's claim. Brunetti and Weder found "evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries." They also presented "evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corruption." Adserà, Boix, and Payne found that increases in newspaper readership led to increased political accountability and lower corruption in data from roughly 100 countries and from different states in the US.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Recent

text: research

text: supports

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: claim

text: Brunetti

text: and

text: Weder

text: found

text: evidence

text: of

text: a

text: significant

text: relationship

text: between

text: more

text: press

text: freedom

text: and

text: less

text: corruption

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: cross

text: section

text: of

text: countries

text: They

text: also

text: presented

text: evidence

text: which

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: causation

text: runs

text: from

text: higher

text: press

text: freedom

text: to

text: lower

text: corruption

text: Adserà

text: Boix

text: and

text: Payne

text: found

text: that

text: increases

text: in

text: newspaper

text: readership

text: led

text: to

text: increased

text: political

text: accountability

text: and

text: lower

text: corruption

text: in

text: data

text: from

text: roughly

text: countries

text: and

text: from

text: different

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: US

question: Who found evidence that where the media had freedom there was less political corruption?

answer: Brunetti and Weder

text: Brunetti and Weder

question: Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability?

answer: Adserà, Boix, and Payne

text: Adserà, Boix, and Payne

question: About 100 countries and what else was information gathered from to show that more people reading newspapers had higher political accountability?

answer: different states in the US.

text: different states in the US.


text: The synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wöhler opened a new research field, organic chemistry, and by the end of the 19th century, scientists were able to synthesize hundreds of organic compounds. The later part of the 19th century saw the exploitation of the Earth's petrochemicals, after the exhaustion of the oil supply from whaling. By the 20th century, systematic production of refined materials provided a ready supply of products which provided not only energy, but also synthetic materials for clothing, medicine, and everyday disposable resources. Application of the techniques of organic chemistry to living organisms resulted in physiological chemistry, the precursor to biochemistry. The 20th century also saw the integration of physics and chemistry, with chemical properties explained as the result of the electronic structure of the atom. Linus Pauling's book on The Nature of the Chemical Bond used the principles of quantum mechanics to deduce bond angles in ever-more complicated molecules. Pauling's work culminated in the physical modelling of DNA, the secret of life (in the words of Francis Crick, 1953). In the same year, the Miller–Urey experiment demonstrated in a simulation of primordial processes, that basic constituents of proteins, simple amino acids, could themselves be built up from simpler molecules.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: synthesis

text: of

text: urea

text: by

text: Friedrich

text: Wöhler

text: opened

text: a

text: new

text: research

text: field

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: scientists

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: synthesize

text: hundreds

text: of

text: organic

text: compounds

text: The

text: later

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: exploitation

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: petrochemicals

text: after

text: the

text: exhaustion

text: of

text: the

text: oil

text: supply

text: from

text: whaling

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: systematic

text: production

text: of

text: refined

text: materials

text: provided

text: a

text: ready

text: supply

text: of

text: products

text: which

text: provided

text: not

text: only

text: energy

text: but

text: also

text: synthetic

text: materials

text: for

text: clothing

text: medicine

text: and

text: everyday

text: disposable

text: resources

text: Application

text: of

text: the

text: techniques

text: of

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: to

text: living

text: organisms

text: resulted

text: in

text: physiological

text: chemistry

text: the

text: precursor

text: to

text: biochemistry

text: The

text: century

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: physics

text: and

text: chemistry

text: with

text: chemical

text: properties

text: explained

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: electronic

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: atom

text: Linus

text: Pauling

text: 's

text: book

text: on

text: The

text: Nature

text: of

text: the

text: Chemical

text: Bond

text: used

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: to

text: deduce

text: bond

text: angles

text: in

text: ever

text: more

text: complicated

text: molecules

text: Pauling

text: 's

text: work

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: physical

text: modelling

text: of

text: DNA

text: the

text: secret

text: of

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Francis

text: Crick

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: Miller

text: Urey

text: experiment

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: a

text: simulation

text: of

text: primordial

text: processes

text: that

text: basic

text: constituents

text: of

text: proteins

text: simple

text: amino

text: acids

text: could

text: themselves

text: be

text: built

text: up

text: from

text: simpler

text: molecules

question: What scientific act is Friedrich Wohler known for?

answer: The synthesis of urea

text: The synthesis of urea

question: What scientific field did Wohler discover?

answer: organic chemistry

text: organic chemistry

question: Late 19th century is marked by what event?

answer: the exploitation of the Earth's petrochemicals

text: the exploitation of the Earth's petrochemicals

question: Mixing organic chemistry with living organisms created what early form of biochemistry?

answer: physiological chemistry

text: physiological chemistry

question: Who wrote The Nature of the Chemical Bond?

answer: Linus Pauling

text: Linus Pauling


text: Arguing against the absolutist position, Leibniz offers a number of thought experiments with the purpose of showing that there is contradiction in assuming the existence of facts such as absolute location and velocity. These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles. The principle of sufficient reason holds that for every fact, there is a reason that is sufficient to explain what and why it is the way it is and not otherwise. The identity of indiscernibles states that if there is no way of telling two entities apart, then they are one and the same thing.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: Arguing

text: against

text: the

text: absolutist

text: position

text: Leibniz

text: offers

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: thought

text: experiments

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: showing

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: contradiction

text: in

text: assuming

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: facts

text: such

text: as

text: absolute

text: location

text: and

text: velocity

text: These

text: arguments

text: trade

text: heavily

text: on

text: two

text: principles

text: central

text: to

text: his

text: philosophy

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: sufficient

text: reason

text: and

text: the

text: identity

text: of

text: indiscernibles

text: The

text: principle

text: of

text: sufficient

text: reason

text: holds

text: that

text: for

text: every

text: fact

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: reason

text: that

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: explain

text: what

text: and

text: why

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: way

text: it

text: is

text: and

text: not

text: otherwise

text: The

text: identity

text: of

text: indiscernibles

text: states

text: that

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: way

text: of

text: telling

text: two

text: entities

text: apart

text: then

text: they

text: are

text: one

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: thing

question: What did Leibniz argue against?

answer: the absolutist position

text: the absolutist position

question: Which principles did Leibniz's arguments trade heavily upon?

answer: the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles

text: the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles

question: Leibnitz held that there is a reason that is sufficient to explain what and why it is the way it is and not otherwise for every what?

answer: fact

text: fact

question: What states that if there is no way of telling two entities apart, then they are one and the same thing?

answer: identity of indiscernibles

text: identity of indiscernibles


text: In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass "low church" as well as "high church" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: In

text: England

text: partly

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: philosophy

text: propounded

text: by

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Movement

text: and

text: others

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: emerging

text: revival

text: of

text: high

text: church

text: or

text: Anglo

text: Catholic

text: ideas

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: neo

text: Gothic

text: began

text: to

text: become

text: promoted

text: by

text: influential

text: establishment

text: figures

text: as

text: the

text: preferred

text: style

text: for

text: ecclesiastical

text: civic

text: and

text: institutional

text: architecture

text: The

text: appeal

text: of

text: this

text: Gothic

text: revival

text: which

text: after

text: in

text: Britain

text: is

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: Victorian

text: Gothic

text: gradually

text: widened

text: to

text: encompass

text: low

text: church

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: high

text: church

text: clients

text: This

text: period

text: of

text: more

text: universal

text: appeal

text: spanning

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Britain

text: as

text: High

text: Victorian

text: Gothic

question: When was neo-Gothic popularized by influential figures?

answer: during the second quarter of the 19th century

text: during the second quarter of the 19th century

question: In Britain after 1837, what was the Gothic revival known as?

answer: Victorian Gothic

text: Victorian Gothic

question: During what years was the High Victorian Gothic period in Britain?

answer: 1855–1885

question: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas?

answer: the Oxford Movement

text: the Oxford Movement

question: Besides ecclesiastical and civic architecture, what other style of architecture did influential figures of the 19th century prefer to use Victorian Gothic for?

answer: institutional architecture

text: institutional architecture


text: The battle secured the beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army on Leyte against attack from the sea, broke the back of Japanese naval power and opened the way for an advance to the Ryukyu Islands in 1945. The only significant Japanese naval operation afterwards was the disastrous Operation Ten-Go in April 1945. Kurita's force had begun the battle with five battleships; when he returned to Japan, only Yamato was combat-worthy. Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: battle

text: secured

text: the

text: beachheads

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Sixth

text: Army

text: on

text: Leyte

text: against

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: broke

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: Japanese

text: naval

text: power

text: and

text: opened

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: an

text: advance

text: to

text: the

text: Ryukyu

text: Islands

text: in

text: The

text: only

text: significant

text: Japanese

text: naval

text: operation

text: afterwards

text: was

text: the

text: disastrous

text: Operation

text: Ten

text: Go

text: in

text: April

text: Kurita

text: 's

text: force

text: had

text: begun

text: the

text: battle

text: with

text: five

text: battleships

text: when

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: Japan

text: only

text: Yamato

text: was

text: combat

text: worthy

text: Nishimura

text: 's

text: sunken

text: Yamashiro

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: battleship

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: engage

text: another

text: in

text: combat

question: What were the Leyte beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army secured from?

answer: attack from the sea

text: attack from the sea

question: When did Operation Ten-Go occur?

answer: April 1945

text: April 1945

question: How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with?

answer: five

text: five

question: What was the last battleship in history to engage in combat with another battleship?

answer: Yamashiro

text: Yamashiro

question: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?

answer: Yamato

text: Yamato


text: Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly. An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pages by any other means "without considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations."

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: Netbula

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: motion

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: that

text: defendants

text: were

text: asking

text: to

text: alter

text: Netbula

text: 's

text: web

text: site

text: and

text: that

text: they

text: should

text: have

text: subpoenaed

text: Internet

text: Archive

text: for

text: the

text: pages

text: directly

text: An

text: employee

text: of

text: Internet

text: Archive

text: filed

text: a

text: sworn

text: statement

text: supporting

text: Chordiant

text: 's

text: motion

text: however

text: stating

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: produce

text: the

text: web

text: pages

text: by

text: any

text: other

text: means

text: without

text: considerable

text: burden

text: expense

text: and

text: disruption

text: to

text: its

text: operations

question: Who did Netbula believe was the entity that should be responsible for the availability of its snapshots?

answer: Internet Archive

text: Internet Archive

question: Which party did Internet Archive side with?

answer: Chordiant

text: Chordiant


text: Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors. Some of the earliest works we possess are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome. As the republic expanded, authors began to produce poetry, comedy, history, and tragedy. Virgil represents the pinnacle of Roman epic poetry. His Aeneid tells the story of flight of Aeneas from Troy and his settlement of the city that would become Rome.[citation needed] Lucretius, in his On the Nature of Things, attempted to explicate science in an epic poem. The genre of satire was common in Rome, and satires were written by, among others, Juvenal and Persius. The rhetorical works of Cicero are considered[by whom?] to be some of the best bodies of correspondence recorded in antiquity.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Roman

text: literature

text: was

text: from

text: its

text: very

text: inception

text: influenced

text: heavily

text: by

text: Greek

text: authors

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: works

text: we

text: possess

text: are

text: of

text: historical

text: epics

text: telling

text: the

text: early

text: military

text: history

text: of

text: Rome

text: As

text: the

text: republic

text: expanded

text: authors

text: began

text: to

text: produce

text: poetry

text: comedy

text: history

text: and

text: tragedy

text: Virgil

text: represents

text: the

text: pinnacle

text: of

text: Roman

text: epic

text: poetry

text: His

text: Aeneid

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: flight

text: of

text: Aeneas

text: from

text: Troy

text: and

text: his

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: that

text: would

text: become

text: Rome.[citation

text: needed

text: Lucretius

text: in

text: his

text: On

text: the

text: Nature

text: of

text: Things

text: attempted

text: to

text: explicate

text: science

text: in

text: an

text: epic

text: poem

text: The

text: genre

text: of

text: satire

text: was

text: common

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: satires

text: were

text: written

text: by

text: among

text: others

text: Juvenal

text: and

text: Persius

text: The

text: rhetorical

text: works

text: of

text: Cicero

text: are

text: considered[by

text: whom

text: to

text: be

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: bodies

text: of

text: correspondence

text: recorded

text: in

text: antiquity.[citation

text: needed

question: Who was responsible for massively affecting Roman literature?

answer: Greek authors

text: Greek authors

question: What style of literature could commonly be found in Roman works?

answer: poetry

text: poetry

question: Who was the author of the epic poem Aeneid?

answer: Virgil

text: Virgil

question: What Roman poet attempted to develop science in their poetry?

answer: Lucretius

text: Lucretius

question: Which epic poem tells the tale of the founding of the city that one day would become Rome?

answer: Aeneid

text: Aeneid


text: However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: However

text: even

text: if

text: UTC

text: is

text: used

text: internally

text: the

text: systems

text: still

text: require

text: information

text: on

text: time

text: zones

text: to

text: correctly

text: calculate

text: local

text: time

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: needed

text: Many

text: systems

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: base

text: their

text: date

text: time

text: calculations

text: from

text: data

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: IANA

text: time

text: zone

text: database

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: zoneinfo

question: Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?

answer: the IANA time zone database

text: the IANA time zone database

question: What two specific points of data do systems need to figure out to get local time?

answer: date/time

text: date/time

question: What's another name for the IANA database?

answer: zoneinfo

text: zoneinfo


text: In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the US and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled included the singles "Lose My Breath" and "Soldier", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album Number 1's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: November

text: she

text: embarked

text: on

text: the

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: Tour

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: later

text: toured

text: alongside

text: Missy

text: Elliott

text: and

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: for

text: the

text: Verizon

text: Ladies

text: First

text: Tour

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: On

text: February

text: Beyoncé

text: performed

text: the

text: American

text: national

text: anthem

text: at

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XXXVIII

text: at

text: the

text: Reliant

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: After

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: Beyoncé

text: had

text: planned

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: follow

text: up

text: album

text: using

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: over

text: tracks

text: However

text: this

text: was

text: put

text: on

text: hold

text: so

text: she

text: could

text: concentrate

text: on

text: recording

text: Destiny

text: Fulfilled

text: the

text: final

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: Released

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: peaking

text: at

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Destiny

text: Fulfilled

text: included

text: the

text: singles

text: Lose

text: My

text: Breath

text: and

text: Soldier

text: which

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: chart

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: worldwide

text: concert

text: tour

text: Destiny

text: Fulfilled

text: and

text: Lovin'

text: It

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: stop

text: of

text: their

text: European

text: tour

text: in

text: Barcelona

text: on

text: June

text: Rowland

text: announced

text: that

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: would

text: disband

text: following

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: leg

text: of

text: the

text: tour

text: The

text: group

text: released

text: their

text: first

text: compilation

text: album

text: Number

text: 's

text: on

text: October

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: accepted

text: a

text: star

text: on

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Walk

text: of

text: Fame

text: in

text: March

question: Destiny's Child's final album was named what?

answer: Destiny Fulfilled

text: Destiny Fulfilled

question: Destiny's Child got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in what year?

answer: 2006

question: In what year did Beyonce embark on her Dangerously in Love tour of Europe?

answer: November 2003

text: November 2003

question: What was the name of the final album of Destiny's Child?

answer: Destiny Fulfilled

text: Destiny Fulfilled

question: It was announced that Destiny's Child would  disban in what European city?

answer: Barcelona

text: Barcelona

question: When did Destiny's Child get their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

answer: March 2006

text: March 2006

question: What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003?

answer: Dangerously in Love Tour

text: Dangerously in Love Tour

question: Who did Beyoncé tour with for the Verizon Lades First Tour?

answer: Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys

text: Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys

question: What major event did Beyoncé perform at on February 1, 2004?

answer: Super Bowl XXXVIII

text: Super Bowl XXXVIII

question: What is the name of the final studio album from Destiny's Child?

answer: Destiny Fulfilled.

text: Destiny Fulfilled.


text: Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, his sons married the daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor (not to mention a niece of the Pope), while his granddaughters were a German Empress and (according to one theory) the queen of Scotland. A grandson married the only daughter of the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. Thus the Rurikids were a well-connected royal family of the time.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: also

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: genealogical

text: role

text: in

text: European

text: politics

text: Yaroslav

text: the

text: Wise

text: whose

text: stepmother

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: dynasty

text: the

text: greatest

text: one

text: to

text: rule

text: Byzantium

text: married

text: the

text: only

text: legitimate

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: who

text: Christianized

text: Sweden

text: His

text: daughters

text: became

text: queens

text: of

text: Hungary

text: France

text: and

text: Norway

text: his

text: sons

text: married

text: the

text: daughters

text: of

text: a

text: Polish

text: king

text: and

text: a

text: Byzantine

text: emperor

text: not

text: to

text: mention

text: a

text: niece

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: while

text: his

text: granddaughters

text: were

text: a

text: German

text: Empress

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: one

text: theory

text: the

text: queen

text: of

text: Scotland

text: A

text: grandson

text: married

text: the

text: only

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: king

text: of

text: England

text: Thus

text: the

text: Rurikids

text: were

text: a

text: well

text: connected

text: royal

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: time

question: To which dynasty did Yarolav's step mother belong to?

answer: Macedonian dynasty

text: Macedonian dynasty

question: Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of?

answer: Hungary, France and Norway

text: Hungary, France and Norway

question: Who did Yaroslav's sons marry?

answer: daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor

text: daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor


text: The earliest known document in Galician-Portuguese dates from 1228. The Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas was granted by Alfonso IX of León to the town of Burgo, in Castro Caldelas, after the model of the constitutions of the town of Allariz. A distinct Galician Literature emerged during the Middle Ages: In the 13th century important contributions were made to the romance canon in Galician-Portuguese, the most notable those by the troubadour Martín Codax, the priest Airas Nunes, King Denis of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile, Alfonso O Sabio ("Alfonso the Wise"), the same monarch who began the process of establishing the hegemony of Castilian. During this period, Galician-Portuguese was considered the language of love poetry in the Iberian Romance linguistic culture. The names and memories of Codax and other popular cultural figures are well preserved in modern Galicia and, despite the long period of Castilian linguistic domination, these names are again household words.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: document

text: in

text: Galician

text: Portuguese

text: dates

text: from

text: The

text: Foro

text: do

text: bo

text: burgo

text: do

text: Castro

text: Caldelas

text: was

text: granted

text: by

text: Alfonso

text: IX

text: of

text: León

text: to

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Burgo

text: in

text: Castro

text: Caldelas

text: after

text: the

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: constitutions

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Allariz

text: A

text: distinct

text: Galician

text: Literature

text: emerged

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: important

text: contributions

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: romance

text: canon

text: in

text: Galician

text: Portuguese

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: those

text: by

text: the

text: troubadour

text: Martín

text: Codax

text: the

text: priest

text: Airas

text: Nunes

text: King

text: Denis

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: King

text: Alfonso

text: X

text: of

text: Castile

text: Alfonso

text: O

text: Sabio

text: Alfonso

text: the

text: Wise

text: the

text: same

text: monarch

text: who

text: began

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: establishing

text: the

text: hegemony

text: of

text: Castilian

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Galician

text: Portuguese

text: was

text: considered

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: love

text: poetry

text: in

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Romance

text: linguistic

text: culture

text: The

text: names

text: and

text: memories

text: of

text: Codax

text: and

text: other

text: popular

text: cultural

text: figures

text: are

text: well

text: preserved

text: in

text: modern

text: Galicia

text: and

text: despite

text: the

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: Castilian

text: linguistic

text: domination

text: these

text: names

text: are

text: again

text: household

text: words

question: The earliest Galician-Portuguese documents date back to which year?

answer: 1228

question: During what era did Galician literature emerge?

answer: Middle Ages

text: Middle Ages


text: Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: Many

text: of

text: NARA

text: 's

text: most

text: requested

text: records

text: are

text: frequently

text: used

text: for

text: genealogy

text: research

text: This

text: includes

text: census

text: records

text: from

text: to

text: ships

text: passenger

text: lists

text: and

text: naturalization

text: records

question: Besides census records and passenger lists, what NARA documents are particularly useful to genealogists?

answer: naturalization records

text: naturalization records

question: For what time period does NARA have census records available for?

answer: 1790 to 1930

text: 1790 to 1930