text: In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the "new papists". Since the term "magister" also means "teacher", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: many

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: the

text: Magisterial

text: Reformation

text: had

text: not

text: gone

text: far

text: enough

text: Radical

text: Reformer

text: Andreas

text: von

text: Bodenstein

text: Karlstadt

text: for

text: example

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: theologians

text: at

text: Wittenberg

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: papists

text: Since

text: the

text: term

text: magister

text: also

text: means

text: teacher

text: the

text: Magisterial

text: Reformation

text: is

text: also

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: a

text: teacher

text: This

text: is

text: made

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: prominence

text: of

text: Luther

text: Calvin

text: and

text: Zwingli

text: as

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: reform

text: movements

text: in

text: their

text: respective

text: areas

text: of

text: ministry

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: authority

text: they

text: were

text: often

text: criticized

text: by

text: Radical

text: Reformers

text: as

text: being

text: too

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: Roman

text: Popes

text: A

text: more

text: political

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: thought

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: Hans

text: Hut

text: although

text: typically

text: Anabaptism

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: pacifism

question: Which reformation was seen as not being effective enough?

answer: the Magisterial Reformation

text: the Magisterial Reformation

question: What did Karlstadt call Lutheran theologians?

answer: new papists

text: new papists

question: What were reform movement leaders compared to?

answer: Roman Popes

text: Roman Popes

question: What is another name for magister?

answer: teacher

text: teacher

question: What has been linked with pacifism?

answer: Anabaptism

text: Anabaptism


text: These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. To the north of the city they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: These

text: areas

text: quartiers

text: sensibles

text: sensitive

text: quarters

text: are

text: in

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: Paris

text: namely

text: around

text: its

text: Goutte

text: d'Or

text: and

text: Belleville

text: neighbourhoods

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: they

text: are

text: grouped

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: Seine

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: department

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extreme

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: in

text: the

text: Val

text: d'Oise

text: department

text: Other

text: difficult

text: areas

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Seine

text: valley

text: in

text: Évry

text: et

text: Corbeil

text: Essonnes

text: Essonne

text: in

text: Mureaux

text: Mantes

text: la

text: Jolie

text: Yvelines

text: and

text: scattered

text: among

text: social

text: housing

text: districts

text: created

text: by

text: Delouvrier

text: 's

text: ville

text: nouvelle

text: political

text: initiative

question: Where are the quartiers sensibles located?

answer: northern and eastern Paris

text: northern and eastern Paris

question: What two neighborhoods are the centers of the quartiers sensibles?

answer: Goutte d'Or and Belleville

text: Goutte d'Or and Belleville

question: Why were these neighborhoods created?

answer: Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative

text: Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative


text: The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. The highest-ranking military officer in the Department of the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, who exercises supervision over Air Force units, and serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Air Force combat and mobility forces are assigned, as directed by the Secretary of Defense, to the Combatant Commanders, and neither the Secretary of the Air Force nor the Chief of Staff have operational command authority over them.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: is

text: a

text: military

text: service

text: organized

text: within

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: military

text: departments

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: The

text: Air

text: Force

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: civilian

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: who

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: is

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: with

text: Senate

text: confirmation

text: The

text: highest

text: ranking

text: military

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: is

text: the

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: who

text: exercises

text: supervision

text: over

text: Air

text: Force

text: units

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: Air

text: Force

text: combat

text: and

text: mobility

text: forces

text: are

text: assigned

text: as

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: to

text: the

text: Combatant

text: Commanders

text: and

text: neither

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: nor

text: the

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: have

text: operational

text: command

text: authority

text: over

text: them

question: How many departments are there in the Department of Defense?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force currently report to?

answer: Secretary of Defense

text: Secretary of Defense

question: What branch of the government must confirm the President's appointment of the Secretary of the Air Force?

answer: Senate

text: Senate

question: Who serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?

answer: Chief of Staff of the Air Force

text: Chief of Staff of the Air Force

question: Who assigns combat missions to the Air Force?

answer: Secretary of Defense

text: Secretary of Defense


text: Several versions of a semi-official, structured pantheon were developed during the political, social and religious instability of the Late Republican era. Jupiter, the most powerful of all gods and "the fount of the auspices upon which the relationship of the city with the gods rested", consistently personified the divine authority of Rome's highest offices, internal organization and external relations. During the archaic and early Republican eras, he shared his temple, some aspects of cult and several divine characteristics with Mars and Quirinus, who were later replaced by Juno and Minerva. A conceptual tendency toward triads may be indicated by the later agricultural or plebeian triad of Ceres, Liber and Libera, and by some of the complementary threefold deity-groupings of Imperial cult. Other major and minor deities could be single, coupled, or linked retrospectively through myths of divine marriage and sexual adventure. These later Roman pantheistic hierarchies are part literary and mythographic, part philosophical creations, and often Greek in origin. The Hellenization of Latin literature and culture supplied literary and artistic models for reinterpreting Roman deities in light of the Greek Olympians, and promoted a sense that the two cultures had a shared heritage.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Several

text: versions

text: of

text: a

text: semi

text: official

text: structured

text: pantheon

text: were

text: developed

text: during

text: the

text: political

text: social

text: and

text: religious

text: instability

text: of

text: the

text: Late

text: Republican

text: era

text: Jupiter

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: of

text: all

text: gods

text: and

text: the

text: fount

text: of

text: the

text: auspices

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: relationship

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: the

text: gods

text: rested

text: consistently

text: personified

text: the

text: divine

text: authority

text: of

text: Rome

text: 's

text: highest

text: offices

text: internal

text: organization

text: and

text: external

text: relations

text: During

text: the

text: archaic

text: and

text: early

text: Republican

text: eras

text: he

text: shared

text: his

text: temple

text: some

text: aspects

text: of

text: cult

text: and

text: several

text: divine

text: characteristics

text: with

text: Mars

text: and

text: Quirinus

text: who

text: were

text: later

text: replaced

text: by

text: Juno

text: and

text: Minerva

text: A

text: conceptual

text: tendency

text: toward

text: triads

text: may

text: be

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: later

text: agricultural

text: or

text: plebeian

text: triad

text: of

text: Ceres

text: Liber

text: and

text: Libera

text: and

text: by

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: complementary

text: threefold

text: deity

text: groupings

text: of

text: Imperial

text: cult

text: Other

text: major

text: and

text: minor

text: deities

text: could

text: be

text: single

text: coupled

text: or

text: linked

text: retrospectively

text: through

text: myths

text: of

text: divine

text: marriage

text: and

text: sexual

text: adventure

text: These

text: later

text: Roman

text: pantheistic

text: hierarchies

text: are

text: part

text: literary

text: and

text: mythographic

text: part

text: philosophical

text: creations

text: and

text: often

text: Greek

text: in

text: origin

text: The

text: Hellenization

text: of

text: Latin

text: literature

text: and

text: culture

text: supplied

text: literary

text: and

text: artistic

text: models

text: for

text: reinterpreting

text: Roman

text: deities

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Olympians

text: and

text: promoted

text: a

text: sense

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: cultures

text: had

text: a

text: shared

text: heritage

question: To the Romans who was the most powerful of the gods?

answer: Jupiter

text: Jupiter

question: What did Jupiter personify in regards to Rome's highest offices?

answer: divine authority

text: divine authority

question: What gods did Juno and Minerva replace in Roman religious practice?

answer: Mars and Quirinus

text: Mars and Quirinus

question: From where does the practice of linking various gods into grouping come?

answer: Greek in origin

text: Greek in origin

question: Of what did the linking of Greek and Roman deities promote a feeling?

answer: heritage

text: heritage


text: Richard Owen showed that fossils of extinct species Darwin found in South America were allied to living species on the same continent. In March 1837, ornithologist John Gould announced that Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds collected on the Galápagos Islands represented three separate species each unique to a particular island, and that several distinct birds from those islands were all classified as finches. Darwin began speculating, in a series of notebooks, on the possibility that "one species does change into another" to explain these findings, and around July sketched a genealogical branching of a single evolutionary tree, discarding Lamarck's independent lineages progressing to higher forms. Unconventionally, Darwin asked questions of fancy pigeon and animal breeders as well as established scientists. At the zoo he had his first sight of an ape, and was profoundly impressed by how human the orangutan seemed.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Richard

text: Owen

text: showed

text: that

text: fossils

text: of

text: extinct

text: species

text: Darwin

text: found

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: were

text: allied

text: to

text: living

text: species

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: continent

text: In

text: March

text: ornithologist

text: John

text: Gould

text: announced

text: that

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: rhea

text: was

text: a

text: separate

text: species

text: from

text: the

text: previously

text: described

text: rhea

text: though

text: their

text: territories

text: overlapped

text: that

text: mockingbirds

text: collected

text: on

text: the

text: Galápagos

text: Islands

text: represented

text: three

text: separate

text: species

text: each

text: unique

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: island

text: and

text: that

text: several

text: distinct

text: birds

text: from

text: those

text: islands

text: were

text: all

text: classified

text: as

text: finches

text: Darwin

text: began

text: speculating

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: notebooks

text: on

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: one

text: species

text: does

text: change

text: into

text: another

text: to

text: explain

text: these

text: findings

text: and

text: around

text: July

text: sketched

text: a

text: genealogical

text: branching

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: evolutionary

text: tree

text: discarding

text: Lamarck

text: 's

text: independent

text: lineages

text: progressing

text: to

text: higher

text: forms

text: Unconventionally

text: Darwin

text: asked

text: questions

text: of

text: fancy

text: pigeon

text: and

text: animal

text: breeders

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: established

text: scientists

text: At

text: the

text: zoo

text: he

text: had

text: his

text: first

text: sight

text: of

text: an

text: ape

text: and

text: was

text: profoundly

text: impressed

text: by

text: how

text: human

text: the

text: orangutan

text: seemed

question: Who showed that extinct South American fossils were related to living species?

answer: Richard Owen

text: Richard Owen

question: What did John Gould announce in 1837?

answer: Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea

text: Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea

question: How many species of mockingbirds were found to be present on the Galapagos Islands?

answer: three separate species

text: three separate species

question: What type of scientist was John Gould?

answer: ornithologist

text: ornithologist

question: Which animal did Darwin see at a zoo that made him further consider evolution?

answer: an ape

text: an ape


text: The Tower has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787. It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals, and it still stands today on Everton Brow in Netherfield Road. The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, according to the College of Arms in London, Kelly chose to include the laurels as they were the sign of winners. The crest was accompanied by the club motto, "Nil Satis Nisi Optimum", meaning "Nothing but the best is good enough".

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: The

text: Tower

text: has

text: been

text: inextricably

text: linked

text: with

text: the

text: Everton

text: area

text: since

text: its

text: construction

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: bridewell

text: to

text: incarcerate

text: mainly

text: drunks

text: and

text: minor

text: criminals

text: and

text: it

text: still

text: stands

text: today

text: on

text: Everton

text: Brow

text: in

text: Netherfield

text: Road

text: The

text: tower

text: was

text: accompanied

text: by

text: two

text: laurel

text: wreaths

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Arms

text: in

text: London

text: Kelly

text: chose

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: laurels

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: sign

text: of

text: winners

text: The

text: crest

text: was

text: accompanied

text: by

text: the

text: club

text: motto

text: Satis

text: Nisi

text: Optimum

text: meaning

text: Nothing

text: but

text: the

text: best

text: is

text: good

text: enough

question: When was the Tower constructed?

answer: 1787

question: For what purpose was the Tower first used?

answer: bridewell

text: bridewell

question: On what road is the Tower located on?

answer: Netherfield

text: Netherfield

question: What is the Everton club motto?

answer: Nil Satis Nisi Optimum

text: Nil Satis Nisi Optimum

question: What does the Everton club motto, "Nil Satis Nisi Optimum," mean in English?

answer: Nothing but the best is good enough

text: Nothing but the best is good enough


text: According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Sixth

text: China

text: Census

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: reached

text: million

text: in

text: The

text: statistics

text: in

text: estimated

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: to

text: be

text: million

text: The

text: birth

text: rate

text: was

text: percent

text: and

text: the

text: death

text: rate

text: was

text: percent

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: The

text: sex

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: population

text: was

text: males

text: to

text: females

question: What was the population of Nanjing in 2010?

answer: 8.005 million

text: 8.005 million

question: What was the estimated population of Nanjing in 2011?

answer: 8.11 million

text: 8.11 million

question: How was the population figure for 2010 obtained?

answer: the Sixth China Census

text: the Sixth China Census

question: What was Nanjing's birth rate?

answer: 8.86 percent

text: 8.86 percent

question: How many people were considered to be living in the urban portion of Nanjing?

answer: 6.47 million

text: 6.47 million


text: Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relative is Slovak, with which it is mutually intelligible. It is closely related to other West Slavic languages, such as Silesian and Polish. Although most Czech vocabulary is based on shared roots with Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages, many loanwords (most associated with high culture) have been adopted in recent years.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Czech

text: /ˈtʃɛk/

text: čeština

text: Czech

text: pronunciation

text: ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Bohemian

text: /boʊˈhiːmiən

text: bə-/

text: lingua

text: Bohemica

text: in

text: Latin

text: is

text: a

text: West

text: Slavic

text: language

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Latin

text: and

text: German

text: language

text: spoken

text: by

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Czech

text: 's

text: closest

text: relative

text: is

text: Slovak

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: It

text: is

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: other

text: West

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Silesian

text: and

text: Polish

text: Although

text: most

text: Czech

text: vocabulary

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: shared

text: roots

text: with

text: Slavic

text: Romance

text: and

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: many

text: loanwords

text: most

text: associated

text: with

text: high

text: culture

text: have

text: been

text: adopted

text: in

text: recent

text: years

question: How many people speak Czech?

answer: 10 million

text: 10 million

question: Which two languages strongly influenced Czech?

answer: Latin and German

text: Latin and German

question: In which country is Czech the official language?

answer: Czech Republic

text: Czech Republic

question: Which language is closest to Czech?

answer: Slovak

text: Slovak

question: What name was the Czech language formerly known as?

answer: Bohemian

text: Bohemian

question: What was Czech formerly known as?

answer: Bohemian

text: Bohemian

question: What languages strongly influenced Czech?

answer: Latin and German

text: Latin and German

question: Over how many million people speak Czech?

answer: 10

question: What vocabulary associated with higher classed culture have been adopted over the years?

answer: loanwords

text: loanwords

question: What is the official language of the Czech republic?

answer: Czech

text: Czech


text: Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality, without resorting to the supernatural or alleged divine authority from religious texts. For liberal humanists such as Rousseau and Kant, the universal law of reason guided the way toward total emancipation from any kind of tyranny. These ideas were challenged, for example by the young Karl Marx, who criticized the project of political emancipation (embodied in the form of human rights), asserting it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose. For Friedrich Nietzsche, humanism was nothing more than a secular version of theism. In his Genealogy of Morals, he argues that human rights exist as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong. On this view, such rights do not facilitate emancipation of life, but rather deny it. In the 20th century, the notion that human beings are rationally autonomous was challenged by the concept that humans were driven by unconscious irrational desires.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Starting

text: one

text: hundred

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: enlightenment

text: spiritual

text: philosophy

text: was

text: challenged

text: in

text: various

text: quarters

text: around

text: the

text: Developed

text: from

text: earlier

text: secular

text: traditions

text: modern

text: Humanist

text: ethical

text: philosophies

text: affirmed

text: the

text: dignity

text: and

text: worth

text: of

text: all

text: people

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: determine

text: right

text: and

text: wrong

text: by

text: appealing

text: to

text: universal

text: human

text: qualities

text: particularly

text: rationality

text: without

text: resorting

text: to

text: the

text: supernatural

text: or

text: alleged

text: divine

text: authority

text: from

text: religious

text: texts

text: For

text: liberal

text: humanists

text: such

text: as

text: Rousseau

text: and

text: Kant

text: the

text: universal

text: law

text: of

text: reason

text: guided

text: the

text: way

text: toward

text: total

text: emancipation

text: from

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: tyranny

text: These

text: ideas

text: were

text: challenged

text: for

text: example

text: by

text: the

text: young

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: who

text: criticized

text: the

text: project

text: of

text: political

text: emancipation

text: embodied

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: human

text: rights

text: asserting

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: symptomatic

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: dehumanization

text: it

text: was

text: supposed

text: to

text: oppose

text: For

text: Friedrich

text: Nietzsche

text: humanism

text: was

text: nothing

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: secular

text: version

text: of

text: theism

text: In

text: his

text: Genealogy

text: of

text: Morals

text: he

text: argues

text: that

text: human

text: rights

text: exist

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: for

text: the

text: weak

text: to

text: collectively

text: constrain

text: the

text: strong

text: On

text: this

text: view

text: such

text: rights

text: do

text: not

text: facilitate

text: emancipation

text: of

text: life

text: but

text: rather

text: deny

text: it

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: human

text: beings

text: are

text: rationally

text: autonomous

text: was

text: challenged

text: by

text: the

text: concept

text: that

text: humans

text: were

text: driven

text: by

text: unconscious

text: irrational

text: desires

question: When was the enlightenment of spiritual philosophy challenged?

answer: in various quarters around the 1900s.

text: in various quarters around the 1900s.

question: What were Humanist ethical philosophy's developed from?

answer: earlier secular traditions

text: earlier secular traditions

question: Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's?

answer: it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose

text: it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose

question: What did Friedrinch Netzsche consider Humanism to be?

answer: a secular version of theism

text: a secular version of theism

question: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist?

answer: as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.

text: as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.


text: At a general level, self-psychology is compelled to investigate the question of how the personal self relates to the social environment. To the extent that these theories place themselves in the tradition of "psychological" social psychology, they focus on explaining an individual's actions within a group in terms of mental events and states. However, some "sociological" social psychology theories go further by attempting to deal with the issue of identity at both the levels of individual cognition and of collective behavior.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: At

text: a

text: general

text: level

text: self

text: psychology

text: is

text: compelled

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: personal

text: self

text: relates

text: to

text: the

text: social

text: environment

text: To

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: these

text: theories

text: place

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: psychological

text: social

text: psychology

text: they

text: focus

text: on

text: explaining

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: actions

text: within

text: a

text: group

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: mental

text: events

text: and

text: states

text: However

text: some

text: sociological

text: social

text: psychology

text: theories

text: go

text: further

text: by

text: attempting

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: identity

text: at

text: both

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: individual

text: cognition

text: and

text: of

text: collective

text: behavior

question: Self-psychology is compelled to investigate how personal self relates to what?

answer: the social environment

text: the social environment

question: What two factors are focused on when explaining an individual's actions within a group?

answer: mental events and states

text: mental events and states

question: What are individual cognition and collective behavior are levels of?

answer: identity

text: identity


text: Many of these species have adaptations to help in under-water locomotion. Water beetles and water bugs have legs adapted into paddle-like structures. Dragonfly naiads use jet propulsion, forcibly expelling water out of their rectal chamber. Some species like the water striders are capable of walking on the surface of water. They can do this because their claws are not at the tips of the legs as in most insects, but recessed in a special groove further up the leg; this prevents the claws from piercing the water's surface film. Other insects such as the Rove beetle Stenus are known to emit pygidial gland secretions that reduce surface tension making it possible for them to move on the surface of water by Marangoni propulsion (also known by the German term Entspannungsschwimmen).

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: species

text: have

text: adaptations

text: to

text: help

text: in

text: under

text: water

text: locomotion

text: Water

text: beetles

text: and

text: water

text: bugs

text: have

text: legs

text: adapted

text: into

text: paddle

text: like

text: structures

text: Dragonfly

text: naiads

text: use

text: jet

text: propulsion

text: forcibly

text: expelling

text: water

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: rectal

text: chamber

text: Some

text: species

text: like

text: the

text: water

text: striders

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: walking

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: water

text: They

text: can

text: do

text: this

text: because

text: their

text: claws

text: are

text: not

text: at

text: the

text: tips

text: of

text: the

text: legs

text: as

text: in

text: most

text: insects

text: but

text: recessed

text: in

text: a

text: special

text: groove

text: further

text: up

text: the

text: leg

text: this

text: prevents

text: the

text: claws

text: from

text: piercing

text: the

text: water

text: 's

text: surface

text: film

text: Other

text: insects

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Rove

text: beetle

text: Stenus

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: emit

text: pygidial

text: gland

text: secretions

text: that

text: reduce

text: surface

text: tension

text: making

text: it

text: possible

text: for

text: them

text: to

text: move

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: water

text: by

text: Marangoni

text: propulsion

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: term

text: Entspannungsschwimmen

question: Water beetles have legs of what type of structure?

answer: paddle-like

text: paddle-like

question: Dragonflys use what kind of propulsion?

answer: jet

text: jet

question: Dragonflys shoot water from where?

answer: rectal chamber

text: rectal chamber

question: Water striders have what kind of special groove up their leg?

answer: recessed

text: recessed

question: Rove beetle Stenus emit what type of gland secretions?

answer: pygidial

text: pygidial


text: Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues. Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Modern

text: botany

text: is

text: a

text: broad

text: multidisciplinary

text: subject

text: with

text: inputs

text: from

text: most

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: Research

text: topics

text: include

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: plant

text: structure

text: growth

text: and

text: differentiation

text: reproduction

text: biochemistry

text: and

text: primary

text: metabolism

text: chemical

text: products

text: development

text: diseases

text: evolutionary

text: relationships

text: systematics

text: and

text: plant

text: taxonomy

text: Dominant

text: themes

text: in

text: century

text: plant

text: science

text: are

text: molecular

text: genetics

text: and

text: epigenetics

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: gene

text: expression

text: during

text: differentiation

text: of

text: plant

text: cells

text: and

text: tissues

text: Botanical

text: research

text: has

text: diverse

text: applications

text: in

text: providing

text: staple

text: foods

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: timber

text: oil

text: rubber

text: fibre

text: and

text: drugs

text: in

text: modern

text: horticulture

text: agriculture

text: and

text: forestry

text: plant

text: propagation

text: breeding

text: and

text: genetic

text: modification

text: in

text: the

text: synthesis

text: of

text: chemicals

text: and

text: raw

text: materials

text: for

text: construction

text: and

text: energy

text: production

text: in

text: environmental

text: management

text: and

text: the

text: maintenance

text: of

text: biodiversity

question: What is are the main themes of present-day botany?

answer: molecular genetics and epigenetics

text: molecular genetics and epigenetics

question: How can botany be applied to combating world hunger?

answer: providing staple foods

text: providing staple foods

question: How can botany be applied to the construction industry?

answer: synthesis of chemicals and raw materials

text: synthesis of chemicals and raw materials

question: Is botany a narrow science?

answer: a broad, multidisciplinary subject

text: a broad, multidisciplinary subject


text: During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the high medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th and early 14th century.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: During

text: the

text: earlier

text: medieval

text: period

text: the

text: vocal

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: liturgical

text: genre

text: predominantly

text: Gregorian

text: chant

text: was

text: monophonic

text: using

text: a

text: single

text: unaccompanied

text: vocal

text: melody

text: line

text: Polyphonic

text: vocal

text: genres

text: which

text: used

text: multiple

text: independent

text: vocal

text: melodies

text: began

text: to

text: develop

text: during

text: the

text: high

text: medieval

text: era

text: becoming

text: prevalent

text: by

text: the

text: later

text: and

text: early

text: century

question: What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?

answer: liturgical

text: liturgical

question: What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?

answer: Polyphonic vocal genres

text: Polyphonic vocal genres

question: When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?

answer: during the high medieval era

text: during the high medieval era

question: What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?

answer: monophonic

text: monophonic


text: Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysical ideas, about moral values and even about purposes is possible. Popper's student W.W. Bartley III tried to radicalise this idea and made the controversial claim that not only can criticism go beyond empirical knowledge, but that everything can be rationally criticised.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: held

text: that

text: rationality

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: empirical

text: or

text: scientific

text: theories

text: but

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: merely

text: a

text: special

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: method

text: of

text: criticism

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: finding

text: and

text: eliminating

text: contradictions

text: in

text: knowledge

text: without

text: ad

text: hoc

text: measures

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: view

text: rational

text: discussion

text: about

text: metaphysical

text: ideas

text: about

text: moral

text: values

text: and

text: even

text: about

text: purposes

text: is

text: possible

text: Popper

text: 's

text: student

text: W.W.

text: Bartley

text: III

text: tried

text: to

text: radicalise

text: this

text: idea

text: and

text: made

text: the

text: controversial

text: claim

text: that

text: not

text: only

text: can

text: criticism

text: go

text: beyond

text: empirical

text: knowledge

text: but

text: that

text: everything

text: can

text: be

text: rationally

text: criticised

question: Popper's rational approach opposes what technique sometimes used to remove contradictions in knowledge?

answer: ad-hoc-measures

text: ad-hoc-measures

question: Which of Popper's students argued that rational criticism should be most widely applied?

answer: W.W. Bartley III

text: W.W. Bartley III

question: What type of knowledge is not the only sphere of rational criticism, according to Popper's student W.W. Bartley III?

answer: empirical

text: empirical


text: Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comics albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Comics

text: are

text: a

text: medium

text: used

text: to

text: express

text: ideas

text: by

text: images

text: often

text: combined

text: with

text: text

text: or

text: other

text: visual

text: information

text: Comics

text: frequently

text: takes

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: juxtaposed

text: sequences

text: of

text: panels

text: of

text: images

text: Often

text: textual

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: speech

text: balloons

text: captions

text: and

text: onomatopoeia

text: indicate

text: dialogue

text: narration

text: sound

text: effects

text: or

text: other

text: information

text: Size

text: and

text: arrangement

text: of

text: panels

text: contribute

text: to

text: narrative

text: pacing

text: Cartooning

text: and

text: similar

text: forms

text: of

text: illustration

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: image

text: making

text: means

text: in

text: comics

text: fumetti

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: which

text: uses

text: photographic

text: images

text: Common

text: forms

text: of

text: comics

text: include

text: comic

text: strips

text: editorial

text: and

text: gag

text: cartoons

text: and

text: comic

text: books

text: Since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: bound

text: volumes

text: such

text: as

text: graphic

text: novels

text: comics

text: albums

text: and

text: tankōbon

text: have

text: become

text: increasingly

text: common

text: and

text: online

text: webcomics

text: have

text: proliferated

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: Which form of comics entails the use of photographic images?

answer: fumetti

text: fumetti

question: In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can be used to show the dialogue in comics?

answer: speech balloons

text: speech balloons

question: What type of comic has taken off in the 21st century?

answer: online webcomics

text: online webcomics

question: The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics?

answer: narrative pacing

text: narrative pacing


text: The internal classification of this group has undergone considerable revision. The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny. A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged has recently begun to emerge through the work of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), which published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998. Updates incorporating more recent research were published as APG II in 2003 and as APG III in 2009.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: The

text: internal

text: classification

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: has

text: undergone

text: considerable

text: revision

text: The

text: Cronquist

text: system

text: proposed

text: by

text: Arthur

text: Cronquist

text: in

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: its

text: full

text: form

text: in

text: is

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: but

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: believed

text: to

text: accurately

text: reflect

text: phylogeny

text: A

text: consensus

text: about

text: how

text: the

text: flowering

text: plants

text: should

text: be

text: arranged

text: has

text: recently

text: begun

text: to

text: emerge

text: through

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Angiosperm

text: Phylogeny

text: Group

text: APG

text: which

text: published

text: an

text: influential

text: reclassification

text: of

text: the

text: angiosperms

text: in

text: Updates

text: incorporating

text: more

text: recent

text: research

text: were

text: published

text: as

text: APG

text: II

text: in

text: and

text: as

text: APG

text: III

text: in

question: What consensus is the AGP trying to reach?

answer: how the flowering plants should be arranged

text: how the flowering plants should be arranged

question: What internal component has undergone considerable revision?

answer: classification

text: classification

question: What system did Arthur Cronquist put forth in 1968, but not publish in full form until 1981?

answer: The Cronquist system

text: The Cronquist system

question: Who published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998?

answer: APG

text: APG


text: Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating the Gregorian equivalent of February 29 (Julian), to remember that February 29 is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is -4 the Gregorian equivalent of this date is February 24.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Up

text: to

text: February

text: in

text: the

text: calendar

text: you

text: are

text: converting

text: from

text: add

text: one

text: day

text: less

text: or

text: subtract

text: one

text: day

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: calculated

text: value

text: Remember

text: to

text: give

text: February

text: the

text: appropriate

text: number

text: of

text: days

text: for

text: the

text: calendar

text: you

text: are

text: converting

text: into

text: When

text: you

text: are

text: subtracting

text: days

text: to

text: move

text: from

text: Julian

text: to

text: Gregorian

text: be

text: careful

text: when

text: calculating

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: equivalent

text: of

text: February

text: Julian

text: to

text: remember

text: that

text: February

text: is

text: discounted

text: Thus

text: if

text: the

text: calculated

text: value

text: is

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: equivalent

text: of

text: this

text: date

text: is

text: February

question: How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar?

answer: subtract one day

text: subtract one day

question: What does one need to remember about  the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar?

answer: February 29 is discounted

text: February 29 is discounted

question: If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar?

answer: -4


text: From the end of World War I until 1962, New Zealand controlled Samoa as a Class C Mandate under trusteeship through the League of Nations, then through the United Nations. There followed a series of New Zealand administrators who were responsible for two major incidents. In the first incident, approximately one fifth of the Samoan population died in the influenza epidemic of 1918–1919. Between 1919 and 1962, Samoa was administered by the Department of External Affairs, a government department which had been specially created to oversee New Zealand's Island Territories and Samoa. In 1943, this Department was renamed the Department of Island Territories after a separate Department of External Affairs was created to conduct New Zealand's foreign affairs.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: From

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: until

text: New

text: Zealand

text: controlled

text: Samoa

text: as

text: a

text: Class

text: C

text: Mandate

text: under

text: trusteeship

text: through

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: then

text: through

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: There

text: followed

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: administrators

text: who

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: two

text: major

text: incidents

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: incident

text: approximately

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: Samoan

text: population

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: influenza

text: epidemic

text: of

text: Between

text: and

text: Samoa

text: was

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: External

text: Affairs

text: a

text: government

text: department

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: specially

text: created

text: to

text: oversee

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: Island

text: Territories

text: and

text: Samoa

text: In

text: this

text: Department

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Island

text: Territories

text: after

text: a

text: separate

text: Department

text: of

text: External

text: Affairs

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: conduct

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: foreign

text: affairs

question: What official organization was responsible for Samoa during most of the 20th century?

answer: the Department of External Affairs

text: the Department of External Affairs

question: About how much of the total population of Samoa died from influenza during the epidemic?

answer: one fifth

text: one fifth

question: What country was in control of Samoa up until 1962?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: During what years was the Samoan influenza epidemic?

answer: 1918–1919

question: What new label did the Department of External Affairs receive in 1943?

answer: Department of Island Territories

text: Department of Island Territories


text: With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the "Scramble for Africa" by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: With

text: French

text: Belgian

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: Congo

text: River

text: region

text: undermining

text: orderly

text: incursion

text: of

text: tropical

text: Africa

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Conference

text: of

text: was

text: held

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: competition

text: between

text: the

text: European

text: powers

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Scramble

text: for

text: Africa

text: by

text: defining

text: effective

text: occupation

text: as

text: the

text: criterion

text: for

text: international

text: recognition

text: of

text: territorial

text: claims

text: The

text: scramble

text: continued

text: into

text: the

text: and

text: caused

text: Britain

text: to

text: reconsider

text: its

text: decision

text: in

text: to

text: withdraw

text: from

text: Sudan

text: A

text: joint

text: force

text: of

text: British

text: and

text: Egyptian

text: troops

text: defeated

text: the

text: Mahdist

text: Army

text: in

text: and

text: rebuffed

text: a

text: French

text: attempted

text: invasion

text: at

text: Fashoda

text: in

text: Sudan

text: was

text: nominally

text: made

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Egyptian

text: Condominium

text: but

text: a

text: British

text: colony

text: in

text: reality

question: Where did France try to invade in 1898?

answer: Fashoda

text: Fashoda

question: What army did Britain and Egypt defeat together?

answer: Mahdist

text: Mahdist

question: When did Britain withdraw from Sudan?

answer: 1885

question: What was the period of European empires competing to control Africa called?

answer: the "Scramble for Africa"

text: the "Scramble for Africa"

question: Where was a conference held in 1884 to regulate European competition for Africa?

answer: Berlin

text: Berlin


text: Hayek was one of the leading academic critics of collectivism in the 20th century. Hayek argued that all forms of collectivism (even those theoretically based on voluntary co-operation) could only be maintained by a central authority of some kind. In Hayek's view, the central role of the state should be to maintain the rule of law, with as little arbitrary intervention as possible. In his popular book, The Road to Serfdom (1944) and in subsequent academic works, Hayek argued that socialism required central economic planning and that such planning in turn leads towards totalitarianism.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: academic

text: critics

text: of

text: collectivism

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Hayek

text: argued

text: that

text: all

text: forms

text: of

text: collectivism

text: even

text: those

text: theoretically

text: based

text: on

text: voluntary

text: co

text: operation

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: maintained

text: by

text: a

text: central

text: authority

text: of

text: some

text: kind

text: In

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: view

text: the

text: central

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: should

text: be

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: with

text: as

text: little

text: arbitrary

text: intervention

text: as

text: possible

text: In

text: his

text: popular

text: book

text: The

text: Road

text: to

text: Serfdom

text: and

text: in

text: subsequent

text: academic

text: works

text: Hayek

text: argued

text: that

text: socialism

text: required

text: central

text: economic

text: planning

text: and

text: that

text: such

text: planning

text: in

text: turn

text: leads

text: towards

text: totalitarianism

question: What was the name of the ideology Hayek criticized?

answer: collectivism

text: collectivism

question: How did Hayek believe collectivism could be maintained?

answer: a central authority

text: a central authority

question: According to Hayek, what is necessary for the implementation of a socialist economy?

answer: central economic planning

text: central economic planning

question: Hayek believed the requirements for a socialist economy would lead to what?

answer: totalitarianism

text: totalitarianism

question: What did Hayek believe was the core responsibility of the state?

answer: maintain the rule of law

text: maintain the rule of law


text: Typical second wave corruption metrics do not offer the worldwide coverage found in first wave projects, and instead focus on localizing information gathered to specific problems and creating deep, "unpackable"[clarification needed] content that matches quantitative and qualitative data.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Typical

text: second

text: wave

text: corruption

text: metrics

text: do

text: not

text: offer

text: the

text: worldwide

text: coverage

text: found

text: in

text: first

text: wave

text: projects

text: and

text: instead

text: focus

text: on

text: localizing

text: information

text: gathered

text: to

text: specific

text: problems

text: and

text: creating

text: deep

text: unpackable"[clarification

text: needed

text: content

text: that

text: matches

text: quantitative

text: and

text: qualitative

text: data

question: The second wave of metrics focuses on what level of corruption?

answer: local

text: local

question: Unlike the first wave, the second wave does not offer what type of coverage?

answer: worldwide

text: worldwide


text: "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the world of physics is constructed, has entered in the form of messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness.... Consciousness is not sharply defined, but fades into subconsciousness; and beyond that we must postulate something indefinite but yet continuous with our mental nature.... It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference."

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: The

text: mind

text: stuff

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: something

text: more

text: general

text: than

text: our

text: individual

text: conscious

text: minds

text: The

text: mind

text: stuff

text: is

text: not

text: spread

text: in

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: these

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: cyclic

text: scheme

text: ultimately

text: derived

text: out

text: of

text: it

text: It

text: is

text: necessary

text: to

text: keep

text: reminding

text: ourselves

text: that

text: all

text: knowledge

text: of

text: our

text: environment

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: physics

text: is

text: constructed

text: has

text: entered

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: messages

text: transmitted

text: along

text: the

text: nerves

text: to

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: consciousness

text: Consciousness

text: is

text: not

text: sharply

text: defined

text: but

text: fades

text: into

text: subconsciousness

text: and

text: beyond

text: that

text: we

text: must

text: postulate

text: something

text: indefinite

text: but

text: yet

text: continuous

text: with

text: our

text: mental

text: nature

text: It

text: is

text: difficult

text: for

text: the

text: matter

text: of

text: fact

text: physicist

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: the

text: substratum

text: of

text: everything

text: is

text: of

text: mental

text: character

text: But

text: no

text: one

text: can

text: deny

text: that

text: mind

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: most

text: direct

text: thing

text: in

text: our

text: experience

text: and

text: all

text: else

text: is

text: remote

text: inference

question: How do receive information from the physical world?

answer: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness

text: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness

question: What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?

answer: subconsciousness

text: subconsciousness

question: What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality?

answer: mental

text: mental

question: According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental?

answer: physicist

text: physicist

question: What is the main thing that we experience?

answer: mind

text: mind


text: From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000. This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality. The new municipality was formed to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces, as well as to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges Dam project.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: From

text: until

text: Sichuan

text: had

text: been

text: China

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: hitting

text: million

text: mark

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: census

text: figure

text: of

text: This

text: changed

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Sub

text: provincial

text: city

text: of

text: Chongqing

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: three

text: surrounding

text: prefectures

text: of

text: Fuling

text: Wanxian

text: and

text: Qianjiang

text: were

text: split

text: off

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: Chongqing

text: Municipality

text: The

text: new

text: municipality

text: was

text: formed

text: to

text: spearhead

text: China

text: 's

text: effort

text: to

text: economically

text: develop

text: its

text: western

text: provinces

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: coordinate

text: the

text: resettlement

text: of

text: residents

text: from

text: the

text: reservoir

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Gorges

text: Dam

text: project

question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1997?

answer: Sichuan

text: Sichuan

question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1997?

answer: Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.

text: Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.

question: Why was the Chongqing Municipality formed?

answer: to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces

text: to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces

question: Why did China need to resettle people into Chongqing?

answer: the Three Gorges Dam project.

text: the Three Gorges Dam project.

question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1982?

answer: 99,730,000


text: Groups are also applied in many other mathematical areas. Mathematical objects are often examined by associating groups to them and studying the properties of the corresponding groups. For example, Henri Poincaré founded what is now called algebraic topology by introducing the fundamental group. By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups.i[›] For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops. The second image at the right shows some loops in a plane minus a point. The blue loop is considered null-homotopic (and thus irrelevant), because it can be continuously shrunk to a point. The presence of the hole prevents the orange loop from being shrunk to a point. The fundamental group of the plane with a point deleted turns out to be infinite cyclic, generated by the orange loop (or any other loop winding once around the hole). This way, the fundamental group detects the hole.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Groups

text: are

text: also

text: applied

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: mathematical

text: areas

text: Mathematical

text: objects

text: are

text: often

text: examined

text: by

text: associating

text: groups

text: to

text: them

text: and

text: studying

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: corresponding

text: groups

text: For

text: example

text: Henri

text: Poincaré

text: founded

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: algebraic

text: topology

text: by

text: introducing

text: the

text: fundamental

text: group

text: By

text: means

text: of

text: this

text: connection

text: topological

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: proximity

text: and

text: continuity

text: translate

text: into

text: properties

text: of

text: groups.i[›

text: For

text: example

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: fundamental

text: group

text: are

text: represented

text: by

text: loops

text: The

text: second

text: image

text: at

text: the

text: right

text: shows

text: some

text: loops

text: in

text: a

text: plane

text: minus

text: a

text: point

text: The

text: blue

text: loop

text: is

text: considered

text: homotopic

text: and

text: thus

text: irrelevant

text: because

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: continuously

text: shrunk

text: to

text: a

text: point

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: hole

text: prevents

text: the

text: orange

text: loop

text: from

text: being

text: shrunk

text: to

text: a

text: point

text: The

text: fundamental

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: plane

text: with

text: a

text: point

text: deleted

text: turns

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: infinite

text: cyclic

text: generated

text: by

text: the

text: orange

text: loop

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: loop

text: winding

text: once

text: around

text: the

text: hole

text: This

text: way

text: the

text: fundamental

text: group

text: detects

text: the

text: hole

question: What are usually analyzed by associating groups to them and studying the elements of the corresponding groups?

answer: Mathematical objects

text: Mathematical objects

question: Who founded algebraic topology?

answer: Henri Poincaré

text: Henri Poincaré

question: What did Henri Poincaré introduce when he established algebraic topology?

answer: the fundamental group

text: the fundamental group

question: What topological properties translate into properties of groups?

answer: proximity and continuity

text: proximity and continuity

question: What represents elements of the fundamental group?

answer: loops

text: loops


text: American Idol prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By season six, Idol showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration proved beneficial to its advertisers – promotion of AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote successfully introduced the technology into the wider culture, and Coca-Cola has seen its equity increased during the show.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: American

text: Idol

text: prominent

text: display

text: of

text: its

text: sponsors

text: logo

text: and

text: products

text: had

text: been

text: noted

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: seasons

text: By

text: season

text: six

text: Idol

text: showed

text: product

text: placements

text: according

text: to

text: Nielsen

text: Media

text: Research

text: The

text: branded

text: entertainment

text: integration

text: proved

text: beneficial

text: to

text: its

text: advertisers

text: promotion

text: of

text: AT&T

text: text

text: messaging

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: vote

text: successfully

text: introduced

text: the

text: technology

text: into

text: the

text: wider

text: culture

text: and

text: Coca

text: Cola

text: has

text: seen

text: its

text: equity

text: increased

text: during

text: the

text: show

question: What service did AT&T promote on American Idol as a way of voting?

answer: text-messaging

text: text-messaging

question: How many product placements had Idol shown by season six?

answer: 4,349


text: In 1978, Sewall Wright suggested that human populations that have long inhabited separated parts of the world should, in general, be considered different subspecies by the usual criterion that most individuals of such populations can be allocated correctly by inspection. Wright argued that it does not require a trained anthropologist to classify an array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair despite so much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other. However, it is customary to use the term race rather than subspecies for the major subdivisions of the human species as well as for minor ones.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: Sewall

text: Wright

text: suggested

text: that

text: human

text: populations

text: that

text: have

text: long

text: inhabited

text: separated

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: should

text: in

text: general

text: be

text: considered

text: different

text: subspecies

text: by

text: the

text: usual

text: criterion

text: that

text: most

text: individuals

text: of

text: such

text: populations

text: can

text: be

text: allocated

text: correctly

text: by

text: inspection

text: Wright

text: argued

text: that

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: a

text: trained

text: anthropologist

text: to

text: classify

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: Englishmen

text: West

text: Africans

text: and

text: Chinese

text: with

text: accuracy

text: by

text: features

text: skin

text: color

text: and

text: type

text: of

text: hair

text: despite

text: so

text: much

text: variability

text: within

text: each

text: of

text: these

text: groups

text: that

text: every

text: individual

text: can

text: easily

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: every

text: other

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: customary

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: race

text: rather

text: than

text: subspecies

text: for

text: the

text: major

text: subdivisions

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: species

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: minor

text: ones

question: When did Sewall Wright make his suggestion about human populations?

answer: 1978

question: How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered?

answer: different subspecies

text: different subspecies

question: What is required to allocate individuals in subspecies populations correctly?

answer: inspection

text: inspection

question: What did Wright feel it wouldn't take an anthropologist to easily distinguish between of in groups?

answer: individual

text: individual

question: What term is it customary to use instead of subspecies?

answer: race

text: race


text: Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically though an optional acute accent (знак ударения, znak udareniya) may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example замо́к (zamok, meaning a lock) and за́мок (zamok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Russian

text: distinguishes

text: between

text: consonant

text: phonemes

text: with

text: palatal

text: secondary

text: articulation

text: and

text: those

text: without

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: soft

text: and

text: hard

text: sounds

text: This

text: distinction

text: is

text: found

text: between

text: pairs

text: of

text: almost

text: all

text: consonants

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: distinguishing

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: Another

text: important

text: aspect

text: is

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: unstressed

text: vowels

text: Stress

text: which

text: is

text: unpredictable

text: is

text: not

text: normally

text: indicated

text: orthographically

text: though

text: an

text: optional

text: acute

text: accent

text: знак

text: ударения

text: znak

text: udareniya

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: mark

text: stress

text: such

text: as

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: homographic

text: words

text: for

text: example

text: замо́к

text: zamok

text: meaning

text: a

text: lock

text: and

text: за́мок

text: zamok

text: meaning

text: a

text: castle

text: or

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: proper

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: uncommon

text: words

text: or

text: names

question: What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?

answer: consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation

text: consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation

question: What kind of accent can mark stress?

answer: optional acute accent

text: optional acute accent

question: What kind of words can acute accents distinguish?

answer: homographic words

text: homographic words

question: What word means both lock and castle, depending on its accent?

answer: zamok

text: zamok


text: A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: A

text: cappella

text: a

text: kapˈpɛlla

text: Italian

text: for

text: in

text: the

text: manner

text: of

text: the

text: chapel

text: music

text: is

text: specifically

text: group

text: or

text: solo

text: singing

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: or

text: a

text: piece

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: It

text: contrasts

text: with

text: cantata

text: which

text: is

text: accompanied

text: singing

text: The

text: term

text: a

text: cappella

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: differentiate

text: between

text: Renaissance

text: polyphony

text: and

text: Baroque

text: concertato

text: style

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: renewed

text: interest

text: in

text: Renaissance

text: polyphony

text: coupled

text: with

text: an

text: ignorance

text: of

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: vocal

text: parts

text: were

text: often

text: doubled

text: by

text: instrumentalists

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: term

text: coming

text: to

text: mean

text: unaccompanied

text: vocal

text: music

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: albeit

text: rarely

text: as

text: a

text: synonym

text: for

text: alla

text: breve

question: What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?

answer: in the manner of the chapel

text: in the manner of the chapel

question: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?

answer: alla breve

text: alla breve

question: At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: How is A cappella currently defined?

answer: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment

text: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment

question: A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?

answer: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato

text: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato


text: The 2016 regular season consists of an 18-week schedule during which each team plays 16 games and two bye weeks. Each team plays two or three games against the teams within its own conference, and two games (home/road) against each team interconference-wise. The 2015 season started during the last week of March and ran weekly into late August. At the end of the regular season, all teams from each conference (the conference winner and three wild card teams) play in the AFL playoffs, an eight-team single-elimination tournament that culminates with the championship game, known as the ArenaBowl. From 1987 to 2004, 2010 and 2011 and again starting in 2014, the game was played at the site of the higher seeded team. From 2005 to 2008, the games were at neutral sites, Las Vegas and New Orleans. In 2012, the league championship returned to a neutral site and ArenaBowl XXV was held at the New Orleans Arena; ArenaBowl XXVI was held in Orlando. The 2016 season will begin April 1, 2016.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: The

text: regular

text: season

text: consists

text: of

text: an

text: schedule

text: during

text: which

text: each

text: team

text: plays

text: games

text: and

text: two

text: bye

text: weeks

text: Each

text: team

text: plays

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: games

text: against

text: the

text: teams

text: within

text: its

text: own

text: conference

text: and

text: two

text: games

text: home

text: road

text: against

text: each

text: team

text: interconference

text: wise

text: The

text: season

text: started

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: week

text: of

text: March

text: and

text: ran

text: weekly

text: into

text: late

text: August

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: all

text: teams

text: from

text: each

text: conference

text: the

text: conference

text: winner

text: and

text: three

text: wild

text: card

text: teams

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: AFL

text: playoffs

text: an

text: eight

text: team

text: single

text: elimination

text: tournament

text: that

text: culminates

text: with

text: the

text: championship

text: game

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: ArenaBowl

text: From

text: to

text: and

text: and

text: again

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: played

text: at

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: seeded

text: team

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: games

text: were

text: at

text: neutral

text: sites

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: and

text: New

text: Orleans

text: In

text: the

text: league

text: championship

text: returned

text: to

text: a

text: neutral

text: site

text: and

text: ArenaBowl

text: XXV

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Arena

text: ArenaBowl

text: XXVI

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Orlando

text: The

text: season

text: will

text: begin

text: April

question: As of 2016, how many regular season games does an AFL team play?

answer: 16

question: How long is the AFL regular season?

answer: 18-week

question: In what month did the 2015 AFL season begin?

answer: March

text: March

question: What month did the 2015 AFL season end?

answer: August

text: August

question: What is the name of the AFL championship game?

answer: ArenaBowl

text: ArenaBowl


text: Kumari Ghar is a palace in the center of the Kathmandu city, next to the Durbar square where a Royal Kumari selected from several Kumaris resides. Kumari, or Kumari Devi, is the tradition of worshipping young pre-pubescent girls as manifestations of the divine female energy or devi in South Asian countries. In Nepal the selection process is very rigorous. Kumari is believed to be the bodily incarnation of the goddess Taleju (the Nepali name for Durga) until she menstruates, after which it is believed that the goddess vacates her body. Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury are also causes for her to revert to common status. The current Royal Kumari, Matina Shakya, age four, was installed in October 2008 by the Maoist government that replaced the monarchy.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Kumari

text: Ghar

text: is

text: a

text: palace

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: city

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Durbar

text: square

text: where

text: a

text: Royal

text: Kumari

text: selected

text: from

text: several

text: Kumaris

text: resides

text: Kumari

text: or

text: Kumari

text: Devi

text: is

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: worshipping

text: young

text: pre

text: pubescent

text: girls

text: as

text: manifestations

text: of

text: the

text: divine

text: female

text: energy

text: or

text: devi

text: in

text: South

text: Asian

text: countries

text: In

text: Nepal

text: the

text: selection

text: process

text: is

text: very

text: rigorous

text: Kumari

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: bodily

text: incarnation

text: of

text: the

text: goddess

text: Taleju

text: the

text: Nepali

text: name

text: for

text: Durga

text: until

text: she

text: menstruates

text: after

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: goddess

text: vacates

text: her

text: body

text: Serious

text: illness

text: or

text: a

text: major

text: loss

text: of

text: blood

text: from

text: an

text: injury

text: are

text: also

text: causes

text: for

text: her

text: to

text: revert

text: to

text: common

text: status

text: The

text: current

text: Royal

text: Kumari

text: Matina

text: Shakya

text: age

text: four

text: was

text: installed

text: in

text: October

text: by

text: the

text: Maoist

text: government

text: that

text: replaced

text: the

text: monarchy

question: What is Durga called in Nepali?

answer: Taleju

text: Taleju

question: How long is Kumari believed to incarnate Taleju?

answer: until she menstruates

text: until she menstruates

question: Who was the Royal Kumari as of late 2008?

answer: Matina Shakya

text: Matina Shakya

question: What type of government did Nepal have after the monarchy?

answer: Maoist

text: Maoist


text: Traditionally, Section 1983 was of limited use for a state prisoner under sentence of death because the Supreme Court has held that habeas corpus, not Section 1983, is the only vehicle by which a state prisoner can challenge his judgment of death. In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The theory is that a prisoner bringing such a challenge is not attacking directly his judgment of death, but rather the means by which that the judgment will be carried out. Therefore, the Supreme Court held in the Hill case that a prisoner can use Section 1983 rather than habeas corpus to bring the lawsuit. Yet, as Clarence Hill's own case shows, lower federal courts have often refused to hear suits challenging methods of execution on the ground that the prisoner brought the claim too late and only for the purposes of delay. Further, the Court's decision in Baze v. Rees, upholding a lethal injection method used by many states, has drastically narrowed the opportunity for relief through Section 1983.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Traditionally

text: Section

text: was

text: of

text: limited

text: use

text: for

text: a

text: state

text: prisoner

text: under

text: sentence

text: of

text: death

text: because

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: held

text: that

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: not

text: Section

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: vehicle

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: state

text: prisoner

text: can

text: challenge

text: his

text: judgment

text: of

text: death

text: In

text: the

text: Hill

text: v.

text: McDonough

text: case

text: however

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: approved

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Section

text: as

text: a

text: vehicle

text: for

text: challenging

text: a

text: state

text: 's

text: method

text: of

text: execution

text: as

text: cruel

text: and

text: unusual

text: punishment

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Eighth

text: Amendment

text: The

text: theory

text: is

text: that

text: a

text: prisoner

text: bringing

text: such

text: a

text: challenge

text: is

text: not

text: attacking

text: directly

text: his

text: judgment

text: of

text: death

text: but

text: rather

text: the

text: means

text: by

text: which

text: that

text: the

text: judgment

text: will

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: Therefore

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: Hill

text: case

text: that

text: a

text: prisoner

text: can

text: use

text: Section

text: rather

text: than

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: lawsuit

text: Yet

text: as

text: Clarence

text: Hill

text: 's

text: own

text: case

text: shows

text: lower

text: federal

text: courts

text: have

text: often

text: refused

text: to

text: hear

text: suits

text: challenging

text: methods

text: of

text: execution

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: that

text: the

text: prisoner

text: brought

text: the

text: claim

text: too

text: late

text: and

text: only

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: delay

text: Further

text: the

text: Court

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: Baze

text: v.

text: Rees

text: upholding

text: a

text: lethal

text: injection

text: method

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: states

text: has

text: drastically

text: narrowed

text: the

text: opportunity

text: for

text: relief

text: through

text: Section

question: In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

answer: Hill v. McDonough

text: Hill v. McDonough

question: In what year was Hill v. McDonough decided?

answer: 2006

question: What amendment of the Constitution does cruel and unusual punishment violate?

answer: Eighth

text: Eighth

question: What case notably upheld the use of a method of lethal injection?

answer: Baze v. Rees

text: Baze v. Rees

question: Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row challenge his execution?

answer: habeas corpus

text: habeas corpus


text: The main international airport serving Kathmandu and thus Nepal is the Tribhuvan International Airport, located about six kilometers (6 km (3.7 mi)) from the city centre. Operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal it has two terminals, one domestic and one international. At present, about 22 international airlines connect Nepal to other destinations in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, to cities such as Istanbul, Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka, Islamabad, Paro, Lhasa, Chengdu, and Guangzhou. A recent extension to the international terminal has made the distance to the airplanes shorter and in October 2009 it became possible to fly directly to Kathmandu from Amsterdam with Arkefly. Since 2013, Turkish Airlines connects Istanbul to Kathmandu. Regionally, several Nepali airlines operate from the city, including Agni Air, Buddha Air, Cosmic Air, Nepal Airlines and Yeti Airlines, to other major towns across Nepal.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: main

text: international

text: airport

text: serving

text: Kathmandu

text: and

text: thus

text: Nepal

text: is

text: the

text: Tribhuvan

text: International

text: Airport

text: located

text: about

text: six

text: kilometers

text: km

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: Operated

text: by

text: the

text: Civil

text: Aviation

text: Authority

text: of

text: Nepal

text: it

text: has

text: two

text: terminals

text: one

text: domestic

text: and

text: one

text: international

text: At

text: present

text: about

text: international

text: airlines

text: connect

text: Nepal

text: to

text: other

text: destinations

text: in

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: to

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Istanbul

text: Delhi

text: Kolkata

text: Singapore

text: Bangkok

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: Dhaka

text: Islamabad

text: Paro

text: Lhasa

text: Chengdu

text: and

text: Guangzhou

text: A

text: recent

text: extension

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: terminal

text: has

text: made

text: the

text: distance

text: to

text: the

text: airplanes

text: shorter

text: and

text: in

text: October

text: it

text: became

text: possible

text: to

text: fly

text: directly

text: to

text: Kathmandu

text: from

text: Amsterdam

text: with

text: Arkefly

text: Since

text: Turkish

text: Airlines

text: connects

text: Istanbul

text: to

text: Kathmandu

text: Regionally

text: several

text: Nepali

text: airlines

text: operate

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: Agni

text: Air

text: Buddha

text: Air

text: Cosmic

text: Air

text: Nepal

text: Airlines

text: and

text: Yeti

text: Airlines

text: to

text: other

text: major

text: towns

text: across

text: Nepal

question: What is Nepal's primary airport for international travel?

answer: Tribhuvan International Airport

text: Tribhuvan International Airport

question: Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport?

answer: 6

question: How many airlines use Tribhuvan International for international flights?

answer: 22

question: From what city does Arkefly offer nonstop flights to Kathmandu?

answer: Amsterdam

text: Amsterdam

question: Who operates flights between Kathmandu and Istanbul?

answer: Turkish Airlines

text: Turkish Airlines


text: Some clock-shift problems could be avoided by adjusting clocks continuously or at least more gradually—for example, Willett at first suggested weekly 20-minute transitions—but this would add complexity and has never been implemented.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Some

text: clock

text: shift

text: problems

text: could

text: be

text: avoided

text: by

text: adjusting

text: clocks

text: continuously

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: more

text: gradually

text: for

text: example

text: Willett

text: at

text: first

text: suggested

text: weekly

text: transitions

text: but

text: this

text: would

text: add

text: complexity

text: and

text: has

text: never

text: been

text: implemented

question: Willett's first suggestion was to change clocks by 20 minutes how often?

answer: weekly

text: weekly

question: What drawback would changing clocks gradually add to the process?

answer: complexity

text: complexity

question: What could be avoided by changing clocks more gradually more often?

answer: Some clock-shift problems

text: Some clock-shift problems


text: The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is "Bluey", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: longest

text: lived

text: breeds

text: including

text: Toy

text: Poodles

text: Japanese

text: Spitz

text: Border

text: Terriers

text: and

text: Tibetan

text: Spaniels

text: have

text: median

text: longevities

text: of

text: to

text: years

text: The

text: median

text: longevity

text: of

text: mixed

text: breed

text: dogs

text: taken

text: as

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: all

text: sizes

text: is

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: years

text: longer

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: purebred

text: dogs

text: when

text: all

text: breeds

text: are

text: averaged

text: The

text: dog

text: widely

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: longest

text: lived

text: is

text: Bluey

text: who

text: died

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: years

text: old

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: On

text: December

text: Pusuke

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: living

text: dog

text: recognized

text: by

text: Guinness

text: Book

text: of

text: World

text: Records

text: died

text: aged

text: years

text: and

text: months

question: What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?

answer: 14 to 15 years.

text: 14 to 15 years.

question: What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest?

answer: Bluey

text: Bluey

question: What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived?

answer: Pusuke

text: Pusuke

question: What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book?

answer: 1939

question: What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?

answer: Bluey

text: Bluey

question: When did Bluey die?

answer: 1939

question: Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?

answer: Pusuke

text: Pusuke


text: Sometimes security lighting can be used along roadways in urban areas, or behind homes or commercial facilities. These are extremely bright lights used to deter crime. Security lights may include floodlights.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Sometimes

text: security

text: lighting

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: along

text: roadways

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: or

text: behind

text: homes

text: or

text: commercial

text: facilities

text: These

text: are

text: extremely

text: bright

text: lights

text: used

text: to

text: deter

text: crime

text: Security

text: lights

text: may

text: include

text: floodlights

question: Extremely bright lights used to deter crime are called?

answer: security lighting

text: security lighting


text: Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses with widespread offices. The technology is also used for telecommuting, in which employees work from home. One research report based on a sampling of 1,800 corporate employees showed that, as of June 2010, 54% of the respondents with access to video conferencing used it “all of the time” or “frequently”.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: Videoconferencing

text: can

text: enable

text: individuals

text: in

text: distant

text: locations

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: meetings

text: on

text: short

text: notice

text: with

text: time

text: and

text: money

text: savings

text: Technology

text: such

text: as

text: VoIP

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: desktop

text: videoconferencing

text: to

text: enable

text: low

text: cost

text: face

text: to

text: face

text: business

text: meetings

text: without

text: leaving

text: the

text: desk

text: especially

text: for

text: businesses

text: with

text: widespread

text: offices

text: The

text: technology

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: telecommuting

text: in

text: which

text: employees

text: work

text: from

text: home

text: One

text: research

text: report

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: sampling

text: of

text: corporate

text: employees

text: showed

text: that

text: as

text: of

text: June

text: of

text: the

text: respondents

text: with

text: access

text: to

text: video

text: conferencing

text: used

text: it

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: or

text: frequently

question: In what one way can videoconferencing help a person?

answer: money savings

text: money savings

question: What technology can be used along with videoconferencing?

answer: VoIP

text: VoIP

question: What is another use of VoIP?

answer: telecommuting

text: telecommuting

question: What is telecommuting?

answer: work from home

text: work from home

question: What is the percentage of people who use videoconferencing a majority of the time?

answer: 54%