text: Valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; Spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or València (Valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Valencia

text: /vəˈlɛnsiə/

text: Spanish

text: baˈlenθja

text: or

text: València

text: Valencian

text: vaˈlensia

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Valencia

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Spain

text: after

text: Madrid

text: and

text: Barcelona

text: with

text: around

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: Its

text: urban

text: area

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: administrative

text: city

text: limits

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: Valencia

text: is

text: Spain

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: ranging

text: from

text: to

text: million

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: global

text: city

text: status

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Valencia

text: is

text: the

text: busiest

text: container

text: port

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: busiest

text: container

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

question: What country is Valencia in?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: What is the population of Valencia's urban area?

answer: 1.5 million

text: 1.5 million

question: Where does Valencia rank among Spain's largest cities?

answer: third

text: third

question: What body of water is Valencia located on?

answer: the Mediterranean Sea

text: the Mediterranean Sea

question: What is the city of Valencia the capital of?

answer: the autonomous community of Valencia

text: the autonomous community of Valencia


text: The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today. Examples are

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: reformer

text: of

text: Estonian

text: Johannes

text: Aavik

text: used

text: creations

text: ex

text: nihilo

text: cf

text: free

text: constructions’

text: Tauli

text: along

text: with

text: other

text: sources

text: of

text: lexical

text: enrichment

text: such

text: as

text: derivations

text: compositions

text: and

text: loanwords

text: often

text: from

text: Finnish

text: cf

text: Saareste

text: and

text: Raun

text: In

text: Aavik

text: ’s

text: dictionary

text: which

text: lists

text: approximately

text: words

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: words

text: which

text: were

text: allegedly

text: created

text: ex

text: nihilo

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: today

text: Examples

text: are

question: Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?

answer: Johannes Aavik

text: Johannes Aavik

question: What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?

answer: 1880–1973

question: What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?

answer: creations ex nihilo

text: creations ex nihilo

question: In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?

answer: Aavik’s dictionary

text: Aavik’s dictionary

question: How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?

answer: approximately 4000

text: approximately 4000


text: Agriculture is a relatively small component of the state's economy and varies greatly due to the varying climate across the state. The state ranked first in Mexico for the production of the following crops: oats, chile verde, cotton, apples, pecans, and membrillo. The state has an important dairy industry with large milk processors throughout the state. Delicias is home to Alpura, the second-largest dairy company in Mexico. The state has a large logging industry ranking second in oak and third in pine in Mexico. The mining industry is a small but continues to produce large amounts of minerals. The state ranked first place in the country for the production of lead with 53,169 metric tons. Chihuahua ranked second in Mexico for zinc at 150,211 metric tons, silver at 580,271 kg, and gold at 15,221.8 kg.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: economy

text: and

text: varies

text: greatly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: varying

text: climate

text: across

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: state

text: ranked

text: first

text: in

text: Mexico

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: crops

text: oats

text: chile

text: verde

text: cotton

text: apples

text: pecans

text: and

text: membrillo

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: an

text: important

text: dairy

text: industry

text: with

text: large

text: milk

text: processors

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: Delicias

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Alpura

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: dairy

text: company

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: logging

text: industry

text: ranking

text: second

text: in

text: oak

text: and

text: third

text: in

text: pine

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: mining

text: industry

text: is

text: a

text: small

text: but

text: continues

text: to

text: produce

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: minerals

text: The

text: state

text: ranked

text: first

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: lead

text: with

text: metric

text: tons

text: Chihuahua

text: ranked

text: second

text: in

text: Mexico

text: for

text: zinc

text: at

text: metric

text: tons

text: silver

text: at

text: kg

text: and

text: gold

text: at

text: kg

question: Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what?

answer: climate

text: climate

question: Which fruit does the state rank first in production?

answer: apples

text: apples

question: The state produces lots of dairy which large processors of what dairy product?

answer: milk

text: milk

question: The state ranks second in the production of what type of wood?

answer: oak

text: oak

question: The state ranked second with over 150,000 metric tons of what metal?

answer: zinc

text: zinc


text: Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built there it has seen continuous use. A railroad with a tunnel 1 mile (1.6 km) long was built along the route of the pass in the mid-19th century. With a summit of 2,469 m (8,100 ft), the Great St. Bernard Pass is one of the highest in the Alps, crossing the Italian-Swiss border east of the Pennine Alps along the flanks of Mont Blanc. The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 40,000 troops in 1800. The Saint Gotthard Pass crosses from Central Switzerland to Ticino; in the late 19th century the 14 km (9 mi) long Saint Gotthard Tunnel was built connecting Lucerne in Switzerland, with Milan in Italy. The Mont Cenis pass has been a major commercial road between Western Europe and Italy. Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fréjus Road and Rail tunnel. At 2,756 m (9,042 ft), the Stelvio Pass in northern Italy is one of the highest of the Alpine passes; the road was built in the 1820s. The highest pass in the alps is the col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France) at 2,770 m (9,088 ft).

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Crossing

text: the

text: Italian

text: Austrian

text: border

text: the

text: Brenner

text: Pass

text: separates

text: the

text: Ötztal

text: Alps

text: and

text: Zillertal

text: Alps

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: route

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: lowest

text: of

text: the

text: Alpine

text: passes

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: the

text: Semmering

text: crosses

text: from

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: to

text: Styria

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: a

text: hospice

text: was

text: built

text: there

text: it

text: has

text: seen

text: continuous

text: use

text: A

text: railroad

text: with

text: a

text: tunnel

text: mile

text: km

text: long

text: was

text: built

text: along

text: the

text: route

text: of

text: the

text: pass

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: With

text: a

text: summit

text: of

text: m

text: ft

text: the

text: Great

text: St.

text: Bernard

text: Pass

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: crossing

text: the

text: Italian

text: Swiss

text: border

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Pennine

text: Alps

text: along

text: the

text: flanks

text: of

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: The

text: pass

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: to

text: cross

text: troops

text: in

text: The

text: Saint

text: Gotthard

text: Pass

text: crosses

text: from

text: Central

text: Switzerland

text: to

text: Ticino

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: km

text: mi

text: long

text: Saint

text: Gotthard

text: Tunnel

text: was

text: built

text: connecting

text: Lucerne

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: with

text: Milan

text: in

text: Italy

text: The

text: Mont

text: Cenis

text: pass

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: major

text: commercial

text: road

text: between

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: Italy

text: Now

text: the

text: pass

text: has

text: been

text: supplanted

text: by

text: the

text: Fréjus

text: Road

text: and

text: Rail

text: tunnel

text: At

text: m

text: ft

text: the

text: Stelvio

text: Pass

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: of

text: the

text: Alpine

text: passes

text: the

text: road

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: highest

text: pass

text: in

text: the

text: alps

text: is

text: the

text: col

text: de

text: l'Iseran

text: in

text: Savoy

text: France

text: at

text: m

text: ft

question: What seperates the Otztal Alps and Zillertal Alps?

answer: the Brenner Pass

text: the Brenner Pass

question: How long has the Brenner Pass been used as a trading route?

answer: since the 14th century

text: since the 14th century

question: The lowest of the Alpine passes at what elevation?

answer: 985 m (3,232 ft)

text: 985 m (3,232 ft)

question: Who crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass with 40,000 troops?

answer: Napoleon Bonaparte

text: Napoleon Bonaparte

question: Where is the highest point in the alps located?

answer: col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France)

text: col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France)


text: Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach. The company attempted to reverse engineer the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. However, Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case. Nintendo sued Tengen for copyright infringement, which Tengen lost as it could not prove that the legally obtained patent documents had not been used by the reverse engineering team. Tengen's antitrust claims against Nintendo were never finally decided.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Atari

text: Games

text: created

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: NES

text: products

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Tengen

text: and

text: took

text: a

text: different

text: approach

text: The

text: company

text: attempted

text: to

text: reverse

text: engineer

text: the

text: lockout

text: chip

text: to

text: develop

text: its

text: own

text: Rabbit

text: chip

text: However

text: Tengen

text: also

text: obtained

text: a

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: lockout

text: chip

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Patent

text: and

text: Trademark

text: Office

text: by

text: falsely

text: claiming

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: defend

text: against

text: present

text: infringement

text: claims

text: in

text: a

text: legal

text: case

text: Nintendo

text: sued

text: Tengen

text: for

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: which

text: Tengen

text: lost

text: as

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: prove

text: that

text: the

text: legally

text: obtained

text: patent

text: documents

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: reverse

text: engineering

text: team

text: Tengen

text: 's

text: antitrust

text: claims

text: against

text: Nintendo

text: were

text: never

text: finally

text: decided

question: Atari created NES products under which name?

answer: Tengen

text: Tengen

question: What did Nintendo sue Tengen for?

answer: copyright infringement

text: copyright infringement

question: Tengen reverse engineered the lockout chip to develop what animal monikered prototype?

answer: "Rabbit" chip

text: "Rabbit" chip

question: Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?

answer: United States Patent and Trademark Office

text: United States Patent and Trademark Office


text: Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota Center (home of the Rockets), are located in downtown Houston. Houston has the NFL's first retractable-roof stadium with natural grass, NRG Stadium (home of the Texans). Minute Maid Park is also a retractable-roof stadium. Toyota Center also has the largest screen for an indoor arena in the United States built to coincide with the arena's hosting of the 2013 NBA All-Star Game. BBVA Compass Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium for the Dynamo, the Texas Southern University football team, and Dash, located in East Downtown. In addition, NRG Astrodome was the first indoor stadium in the world, built in 1965. Other sports facilities include Hofheinz Pavilion (Houston Cougars basketball), Rice Stadium (Rice Owls football), and Reliant Arena. TDECU Stadium is where the University of Houston Houston Cougars football team plays. Houston has hosted several major sports events: the 1968, 1986 and 2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Games; the 1989, 2006 and 2013 NBA All-Star Games; Super Bowl VIII and Super Bowl XXXVIII, as well as hosting the 2005 World Series and 1981, 1986, 1994 and 1995 NBA Finals, winning the latter two. Super Bowl LI is currently slated to be hosted in NRG Stadium in 2017.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Minute

text: Maid

text: Park

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Astros

text: and

text: Toyota

text: Center

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Rockets

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: downtown

text: Houston

text: Houston

text: has

text: the

text: NFL

text: 's

text: first

text: retractable

text: roof

text: stadium

text: with

text: natural

text: grass

text: NRG

text: Stadium

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Texans

text: Minute

text: Maid

text: Park

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: retractable

text: roof

text: stadium

text: Toyota

text: Center

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: screen

text: for

text: an

text: indoor

text: arena

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: built

text: to

text: coincide

text: with

text: the

text: arena

text: 's

text: hosting

text: of

text: the

text: NBA

text: All

text: Star

text: Game

text: BBVA

text: Compass

text: Stadium

text: is

text: a

text: soccer

text: specific

text: stadium

text: for

text: the

text: Dynamo

text: the

text: Texas

text: Southern

text: University

text: football

text: team

text: and

text: Dash

text: located

text: in

text: East

text: Downtown

text: In

text: addition

text: NRG

text: Astrodome

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: indoor

text: stadium

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: built

text: in

text: Other

text: sports

text: facilities

text: include

text: Hofheinz

text: Pavilion

text: Houston

text: Cougars

text: basketball

text: Rice

text: Stadium

text: Rice

text: Owls

text: football

text: and

text: Reliant

text: Arena

text: TDECU

text: Stadium

text: is

text: where

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Houston

text: Houston

text: Cougars

text: football

text: team

text: plays

text: Houston

text: has

text: hosted

text: several

text: major

text: sports

text: events

text: the

text: and

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: All

text: Star

text: Games

text: the

text: and

text: NBA

text: All

text: Star

text: Games

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: VIII

text: and

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XXXVIII

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: hosting

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: and

text: and

text: NBA

text: Finals

text: winning

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: LI

text: is

text: currently

text: slated

text: to

text: be

text: hosted

text: in

text: NRG

text: Stadium

text: in

question: Which stadium is located in east downtown in Houston?

answer: BBVA Compass Stadium

text: BBVA Compass Stadium

question: Where in Houston is the Toyota Center located?

answer: downtown

text: downtown

question: What was the first indoor stadium in the world?

answer: NRG Astrodome

text: NRG Astrodome

question: What is the home of the Texans named?

answer: NRG Stadium

text: NRG Stadium

question: What is the name of the stadium that hosts the Houston Astros?

answer: Minute Maid Park

text: Minute Maid Park


text: Following years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the Baoruco Mountain Range for thirteen years, causing serious damage to the Spanish, Carib-held plantations and their Indian auxiliaries. Hearing of the seriousness of the revolt, Emperor Charles V (also King of Spain) sent captain Francisco Barrionuevo to negotiate a peace treaty with the ever-increasing number of rebels. Two months later, after consultation with the Audencia of Santo Domingo, Enriquillo was offered any part of the island to live in peace.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Following

text: years

text: of

text: mistreatment

text: the

text: Taínos

text: began

text: to

text: adopt

text: suicidal

text: behaviors

text: with

text: women

text: aborting

text: or

text: killing

text: their

text: infants

text: and

text: men

text: jumping

text: from

text: the

text: cliffs

text: or

text: ingesting

text: untreated

text: cassava

text: a

text: violent

text: poison

text: Eventually

text: a

text: Taíno

text: Cacique

text: named

text: Enriquillo

text: managed

text: to

text: hold

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: Baoruco

text: Mountain

text: Range

text: for

text: thirteen

text: years

text: causing

text: serious

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Carib

text: held

text: plantations

text: and

text: their

text: Indian

text: auxiliaries

text: Hearing

text: of

text: the

text: seriousness

text: of

text: the

text: revolt

text: Emperor

text: Charles

text: V

text: also

text: King

text: of

text: Spain

text: sent

text: captain

text: Francisco

text: Barrionuevo

text: to

text: negotiate

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: with

text: the

text: ever

text: increasing

text: number

text: of

text: rebels

text: Two

text: months

text: later

text: after

text: consultation

text: with

text: the

text: Audencia

text: of

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: Enriquillo

text: was

text: offered

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: peace

question: What behaviors did the Taínos begin to adopt after years of mistreatment?

answer: suicidal

text: suicidal

question: What did Taínos women start doing to their infants?

answer: aborting or killing

text: aborting or killing

question: Why would ingesting untreated cassava be a bad idea?

answer: violent poison

text: violent poison

question: Who was sent to negotiate a peace treaty with the rebels?

answer: Francisco Barrionuevo

text: Francisco Barrionuevo

question: How many years was a Taínos Cacique able to hold ou in the Baoruco Mountain Range?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen


text: Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: Different

text: methods

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: define

text: southern

text: Europe

text: including

text: its

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: attributes

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: natural

text: features

text: its

text: geography

text: climate

text: and

text: flora

question: What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern Europe?

answer: political, economic, and cultural attributes

text: political, economic, and cultural attributes

question: What are three aspects of the environment of southern Europe that can be used to distinguish the region?

answer: geography, climate, and flora

text: geography, climate, and flora


text: Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs running OS X 10.6 and below (support has been discontinued since 10.7) can run pre-existing software developed for PowerPC using an emulator called Rosetta, although at noticeably slower speeds than native programs. However, the Classic environment is unavailable on the Intel architecture. Intel chips introduced the potential to run the Microsoft Windows operating system natively on Apple hardware, without emulation software such as Virtual PC. In March 2006, a group of hackers announced that they were able to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac. The group released their software as open source and has posted it for download on their website. On April 5, 2006, Apple announced the availability of the public beta of Boot Camp, software that allows owners of Intel-based Macs to install Windows XP on their machines; later versions added support for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Classic was discontinued in Mac OS X 10.5, and Boot Camp became a standard feature on Intel-based Macs.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Apple

text: discontinued

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: PowerPC

text: microprocessors

text: in

text: At

text: WWDC

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: announced

text: this

text: transition

text: revealing

text: that

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: was

text: always

text: developed

text: to

text: run

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: Intel

text: and

text: PowerPC

text: architectures

text: All

text: new

text: Macs

text: now

text: use

text: processors

text: made

text: by

text: Intel

text: and

text: some

text: were

text: renamed

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: Intel

text: based

text: Macs

text: running

text: OS

text: X

text: and

text: below

text: support

text: has

text: been

text: discontinued

text: since

text: can

text: run

text: pre

text: existing

text: software

text: developed

text: for

text: PowerPC

text: using

text: an

text: emulator

text: called

text: Rosetta

text: although

text: at

text: noticeably

text: slower

text: speeds

text: than

text: native

text: programs

text: However

text: the

text: Classic

text: environment

text: is

text: unavailable

text: on

text: the

text: Intel

text: architecture

text: Intel

text: chips

text: introduced

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: operating

text: system

text: natively

text: on

text: Apple

text: hardware

text: without

text: emulation

text: software

text: such

text: as

text: Virtual

text: PC

text: In

text: March

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: hackers

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: run

text: Windows

text: XP

text: on

text: an

text: Intel

text: based

text: Mac

text: The

text: group

text: released

text: their

text: software

text: as

text: open

text: source

text: and

text: has

text: posted

text: it

text: for

text: download

text: on

text: their

text: website

text: On

text: April

text: Apple

text: announced

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: beta

text: of

text: Boot

text: Camp

text: software

text: that

text: allows

text: owners

text: of

text: Intel

text: based

text: Macs

text: to

text: install

text: Windows

text: XP

text: on

text: their

text: machines

text: later

text: versions

text: added

text: support

text: for

text: Windows

text: Vista

text: and

text: Windows

text: Classic

text: was

text: discontinued

text: in

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: and

text: Boot

text: Camp

text: became

text: a

text: standard

text: feature

text: on

text: Intel

text: based

text: Macs

question: When did Apple discontinue the use of PowerPC microprocessors?

answer: 2006

question: Who announced the capability to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac in 2006?

answer: a group of hackers

text: a group of hackers

question: How did hackers release their software for running Windows on Macs?

answer: for download on their website

text: for download on their website

question: When did Apple announce software that would allow Windows XP to be run on Intel-based Macs?

answer: April 5, 2006

text: April 5, 2006

question: What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows XP?

answer: Boot Camp

text: Boot Camp


text: Another great undertaking by Constantine Monomachos was the restoration of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem between 1042 and 1048. Nothing survived of the mosaics which covered the walls and the dome of the edifice but the Russian abbot Daniel, who visited Jerusalem in 1106–1107 left a description: "Lively mosaics of the holy prophets are under the ceiling, over the tribune. The altar is surmounted by a mosaic image of Christ. In the main altar one can see the mosaic of the Exhaltation of Adam. In the apse the Ascension of Christ. The Annunciation occupies the two pillars next to the altar."

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Another

text: great

text: undertaking

text: by

text: Constantine

text: Monomachos

text: was

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Sepulchre

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: between

text: and

text: Nothing

text: survived

text: of

text: the

text: mosaics

text: which

text: covered

text: the

text: walls

text: and

text: the

text: dome

text: of

text: the

text: edifice

text: but

text: the

text: Russian

text: abbot

text: Daniel

text: who

text: visited

text: Jerusalem

text: in

text: left

text: a

text: description

text: Lively

text: mosaics

text: of

text: the

text: holy

text: prophets

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: ceiling

text: over

text: the

text: tribune

text: The

text: altar

text: is

text: surmounted

text: by

text: a

text: mosaic

text: image

text: of

text: Christ

text: In

text: the

text: main

text: altar

text: one

text: can

text: see

text: the

text: mosaic

text: of

text: the

text: Exhaltation

text: of

text: Adam

text: In

text: the

text: apse

text: the

text: Ascension

text: of

text: Christ

text: The

text: Annunciation

text: occupies

text: the

text: two

text: pillars

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: altar

question: Who restored the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the 1040's?

answer: Constantine Monomachos

text: Constantine Monomachos

question: Who left the only description of the mosaics at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?

answer: the Russian abbot Daniel

text: the Russian abbot Daniel

question: What survives of the mosaics that adorned the walls and dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?

answer: Nothing

text: Nothing

question: Where did the Russian abbot Daniel travel in 1106-07?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem


text: The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Crimean

text: War

text: marked

text: the

text: ascendancy

text: of

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: pre

text: eminent

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: the

text: continued

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: a

text: decline

text: for

text: Tsarist

text: Russia

text: As

text: Fuller

text: notes

text: Russia

text: had

text: been

text: beaten

text: on

text: the

text: Crimean

text: peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: feared

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: inevitably

text: be

text: beaten

text: again

text: unless

text: steps

text: were

text: taken

text: to

text: surmount

text: its

text: military

text: weakness

text: The

text: Crimean

text: War

text: marks

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: Concert

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: that

text: had

text: dominated

text: Europe

text: since

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: and

text: which

text: had

text: included

text: France

text: Russia

text: Austria

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

question: France rose to power after what war?

answer: The Crimean War

text: The Crimean War

question: What empire declined after the Crimean War?

answer: the Ottoman Empire

text: the Ottoman Empire

question: The Crimean war marked the end of what dominant European power?

answer: Concert of Europe

text: Concert of Europe


text: According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: demographic

text: analysis

text: reported

text: by

text: Peter

text: Harvey

text: Mahayana

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: Theravada

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: and

text: Vajrayana

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: Seven

text: million

text: additional

text: Buddhists

text: are

text: found

text: outside

text: of

text: Asia

question: How may adherents does Mahayana have?

answer: 360 million

text: 360 million

question: How many adherents does Thervada have?

answer: 150 million

text: 150 million

question: How many Buddists are outside of Asia?

answer: Seven million

text: Seven million


text: Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-fifth of the population of France. The administrative region covers 12,012 km² (4,638 mi²), with approximately 12 million inhabitants as of 2014, and has its own regional council and president.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Since

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: of

text: Paris

text: has

text: grown

text: far

text: beyond

text: its

text: administrative

text: borders

text: together

text: with

text: its

text: suburbs

text: the

text: whole

text: agglomeration

text: has

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Jan.

text: census

text: Paris

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: spans

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Paris

text: region

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Jan.

text: census

text: or

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: administrative

text: region

text: covers

text: with

text: approximately

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: regional

text: council

text: and

text: president

question: What is the aggregate population of Paris?

answer: 10,550,350

question: From what census is this information from?

answer: 2012 census

text: 2012 census

question: What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area?

answer: 12,341,418

question: How many kilometers does the administrative region cover?

answer: 12,012 km²

text: 12,012 km²

question: As of 2014 how many inhabitants lived in the administrative region?

answer: 12 million

text: 12 million


text: The European Standardisation Bodies CEN, CENELEC and ETSI (independent of the OMTP/GSMA proposal) defined a common External Power Supply (EPS) for use with smartphones sold in the EU based on micro-USB. 14 of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). Apple, one of the original MoU signers, makes micro-USB adapters available – as permitted in the Common EPS MoU – for its iPhones equipped with Apple's proprietary 30-pin dock connector or (later) Lightning connector.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: European

text: Standardisation

text: Bodies

text: CEN

text: CENELEC

text: and

text: ETSI

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: OMTP

text: GSMA

text: proposal

text: defined

text: a

text: common

text: External

text: Power

text: Supply

text: EPS

text: for

text: use

text: with

text: smartphones

text: sold

text: in

text: the

text: EU

text: based

text: on

text: micro

text: USB

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: mobile

text: phone

text: manufacturers

text: signed

text: the

text: EU

text: 's

text: common

text: EPS

text: Memorandum

text: of

text: Understanding

text: MoU

text: Apple

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: MoU

text: signers

text: makes

text: micro

text: USB

text: adapters

text: available

text: as

text: permitted

text: in

text: the

text: Common

text: EPS

text: MoU

text: for

text: its

text: iPhones

text: equipped

text: with

text: Apple

text: 's

text: proprietary

text: dock

text: connector

text: or

text: later

text: Lightning

text: connector

question: Who defined a common External Power Supply for use with smartphones sold?

answer: The European Standardisation Bodies CEN, CENELEC and ETSI

text: The European Standardisation Bodies CEN, CENELEC and ETSI

question: How many mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS (MoU)?

answer: 14

question: Who was one of the original MoU signers?

answer: Apple

text: Apple


text: Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology. Since the 1970s, a variety of techniques have been developed to specifically add, remove and edit genes in an organism. Recently developed genome engineering techniques use engineered nuclease enzymes to create targeted DNA repair in a chromosome to either disrupt or edit a gene when the break is repaired. The related term synthetic biology is sometimes used to refer to extensive genetic engineering of an organism.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Genetic

text: engineering

text: is

text: the

text: modification

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: 's

text: genome

text: through

text: biotechnology

text: Since

text: the

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: techniques

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: to

text: specifically

text: add

text: remove

text: and

text: edit

text: genes

text: in

text: an

text: organism

text: Recently

text: developed

text: genome

text: engineering

text: techniques

text: use

text: engineered

text: nuclease

text: enzymes

text: to

text: create

text: targeted

text: DNA

text: repair

text: in

text: a

text: chromosome

text: to

text: either

text: disrupt

text: or

text: edit

text: a

text: gene

text: when

text: the

text: break

text: is

text: repaired

text: The

text: related

text: term

text: synthetic

text: biology

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: extensive

text: genetic

text: engineering

text: of

text: an

text: organism

question: What is known as the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology?

answer: Genetic engineering

text: Genetic engineering

question: When did techniques begin to be developed to add, remove and edit genes?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s

question: What sort of enzymes do recently developed genome engineering techniques use?

answer: engineered nuclease enzymes

text: engineered nuclease enzymes

question: What sort of DNA repair is created by modern genetic engineering techniques?

answer: targeted

text: targeted

question: What term refers to extensive genetic engineering of an organism?

answer: synthetic biology

text: synthetic biology


text: Early recordings were made entirely acoustically, the sound being collected by a horn and piped to a diaphragm, which vibrated the cutting stylus. Sensitivity and frequency range were poor, and frequency response was very irregular, giving acoustic recordings an instantly recognizable tonal quality. A singer practically had to put his or her face in the recording horn. Lower-pitched orchestral instruments such as cellos and double basses were often doubled (or replaced) by louder wind instruments, such as tubas. Standard violins in orchestral ensembles were commonly replaced by Stroh violins, which became popular with recording studios.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Early

text: recordings

text: were

text: made

text: entirely

text: acoustically

text: the

text: sound

text: being

text: collected

text: by

text: a

text: horn

text: and

text: piped

text: to

text: a

text: diaphragm

text: which

text: vibrated

text: the

text: cutting

text: stylus

text: Sensitivity

text: and

text: frequency

text: range

text: were

text: poor

text: and

text: frequency

text: response

text: was

text: very

text: irregular

text: giving

text: acoustic

text: recordings

text: an

text: instantly

text: recognizable

text: tonal

text: quality

text: A

text: singer

text: practically

text: had

text: to

text: put

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: face

text: in

text: the

text: recording

text: horn

text: Lower

text: pitched

text: orchestral

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: cellos

text: and

text: double

text: basses

text: were

text: often

text: doubled

text: or

text: replaced

text: by

text: louder

text: wind

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: tubas

text: Standard

text: violins

text: in

text: orchestral

text: ensembles

text: were

text: commonly

text: replaced

text: by

text: Stroh

text: violins

text: which

text: became

text: popular

text: with

text: recording

text: studios

question: What were two drawback of early recordings?

answer: Sensitivity and frequency range were poor

text: Sensitivity and frequency range were poor

question: How would one make to early recordings?

answer: face in the recording horn

text: face in the recording horn

question: What types of violins worked best with early recordings?

answer: Stroh violins

text: Stroh violins

question: What instruments did not record well?

answer: Lower-pitched orchestral instruments

text: Lower-pitched orchestral instruments

question: How was the frequency response in early recordings?

answer: very irregular

text: very irregular


text: Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host. An example of the former is the anaerobic bacteria species, which colonizes the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter is various species of staphylococcus that exist on human skin. Neither of these colonizations are considered infections. The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection. Some colonizing bacteria, such as Corynebacteria sp. and viridans streptococci, prevent the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria and thus have a symbiotic relationship with the host, preventing infection and speeding wound healing.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Wound

text: colonization

text: refers

text: to

text: nonreplicating

text: microorganisms

text: within

text: the

text: wound

text: while

text: in

text: infected

text: wounds

text: replicating

text: organisms

text: exist

text: and

text: tissue

text: is

text: injured

text: All

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: colonized

text: to

text: some

text: degree

text: by

text: extrinsic

text: organisms

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: these

text: exist

text: in

text: either

text: a

text: mutualistic

text: or

text: commensal

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: is

text: the

text: anaerobic

text: bacteria

text: species

text: which

text: colonizes

text: the

text: mammalian

text: colon

text: and

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: various

text: species

text: of

text: staphylococcus

text: that

text: exist

text: on

text: human

text: skin

text: Neither

text: of

text: these

text: colonizations

text: are

text: considered

text: infections

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: an

text: infection

text: and

text: a

text: colonization

text: is

text: often

text: only

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: circumstance

text: Non

text: pathogenic

text: organisms

text: can

text: become

text: pathogenic

text: given

text: specific

text: conditions

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: virulent

text: organism

text: requires

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: to

text: cause

text: a

text: compromising

text: infection

text: Some

text: colonizing

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Corynebacteria

text: sp

text: and

text: viridans

text: streptococci

text: prevent

text: the

text: adhesion

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: and

text: thus

text: have

text: a

text: symbiotic

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: preventing

text: infection

text: and

text: speeding

text: wound

text: healing

question: What does wound colonization refer to?

answer: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound

text: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound

question: What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?

answer: replicating

text: replicating

question: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?

answer: extrinsic organisms

text: extrinsic organisms

question: What's the difference between an infection and a colonization?

answer: only a matter of circumstance

text: only a matter of circumstance

question: What species colonizes the mammalian colon?

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria


text: The East India Company's arms, granted in 1698, were: "Argent a cross Gules; in the dexter chief quarter an escutcheon of the arms of France and England quarterly, the shield ornamentally and regally crowned Or." The crest was: "A lion rampant guardant Or holding between the forepaws a regal crown proper." The supporters were: "Two lions rampant guardant Or, each supporting a banner erect Argent, charged with a cross Gules." The motto was AUSPICIO REGIS ET SENATUS ANGLIÆ (Latin: By right of the King and the Senate of England).

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: The

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: 's

text: arms

text: granted

text: in

text: were

text: Argent

text: a

text: cross

text: Gules

text: in

text: the

text: dexter

text: chief

text: quarter

text: an

text: escutcheon

text: of

text: the

text: arms

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: England

text: quarterly

text: the

text: shield

text: ornamentally

text: and

text: regally

text: crowned

text: Or

text: The

text: crest

text: was

text: A

text: lion

text: rampant

text: guardant

text: Or

text: holding

text: between

text: the

text: forepaws

text: a

text: regal

text: crown

text: proper

text: The

text: supporters

text: were

text: Two

text: lions

text: rampant

text: guardant

text: Or

text: each

text: supporting

text: a

text: banner

text: erect

text: Argent

text: charged

text: with

text: a

text: cross

text: Gules

text: The

text: motto

text: was

text: AUSPICIO

text: REGIS

text: ET

text: SENATUS

text: ANGLIÆ

text: Latin

text: By

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: and

text: the

text: Senate

text: of

text: England

question: The EIC Arms feature what king of the jungle animal on it?

answer: lion

text: lion

question: in the arms of EIC what was the lion holding in his forepaws

answer: crown

text: crown

question: how many lions were on the EIC arms

answer: Two

text: Two

question: what year did the EIC arms include both france and england?

answer: 1698


text: Humanitarian Assistance Operations are "programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. Humanitarian assistance provided by US forces is limited in scope and duration. The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance" (JP 1-02).

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Humanitarian

text: Assistance

text: Operations

text: are

text: programs

text: conducted

text: to

text: relieve

text: or

text: reduce

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: natural

text: or

text: manmade

text: disasters

text: or

text: other

text: endemic

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: human

text: pain

text: disease

text: hunger

text: or

text: privation

text: that

text: might

text: present

text: a

text: serious

text: threat

text: to

text: life

text: or

text: that

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: great

text: damage

text: to

text: or

text: loss

text: of

text: property

text: Humanitarian

text: assistance

text: provided

text: by

text: US

text: forces

text: is

text: limited

text: in

text: scope

text: and

text: duration

text: The

text: assistance

text: provided

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: supplement

text: or

text: complement

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: nation

text: civil

text: authorities

text: or

text: agencies

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: the

text: primary

text: responsibility

text: for

text: providing

text: humanitarian

text: assistance

text: JP

question: What are programs that are designed to help with natural or manmade disaters?

answer: Humanitarian Assistance Operations

text: Humanitarian Assistance Operations

question: What kind of Humanitarian assistance is supplied by the US Forces?

answer: limited

text: limited

question: What kinds of endemic conditions do the Human Assistance Operations entail?

answer: human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life

text: human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life

question: Who is the Humanitarian support intended to help?

answer: host nation civil authorities or agencies

text: host nation civil authorities or agencies


text: Among Seattle's prominent annual fairs and festivals are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, Northwest Folklife over the Memorial Day weekend, numerous Seafair events throughout July and August (ranging from a Bon Odori celebration to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle, one of the largest Gay Pride festivals in the United States, and the art and music festival Bumbershoot, which programs music as well as other art and entertainment over the Labor Day weekend. All are typically attended by 100,000 people annually, as are the Seattle Hempfest and two separate Independence Day celebrations.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Among

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: prominent

text: annual

text: fairs

text: and

text: festivals

text: are

text: the

text: Seattle

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: Northwest

text: Folklife

text: over

text: the

text: Memorial

text: Day

text: weekend

text: numerous

text: Seafair

text: events

text: throughout

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: ranging

text: from

text: a

text: Bon

text: Odori

text: celebration

text: to

text: the

text: Seafair

text: Cup

text: hydroplane

text: races

text: the

text: Bite

text: of

text: Seattle

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Gay

text: Pride

text: festivals

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: art

text: and

text: music

text: festival

text: Bumbershoot

text: which

text: programs

text: music

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: art

text: and

text: entertainment

text: over

text: the

text: Labor

text: Day

text: weekend

text: All

text: are

text: typically

text: attended

text: by

text: people

text: annually

text: as

text: are

text: the

text: Seattle

text: Hempfest

text: and

text: two

text: separate

text: Independence

text: Day

text: celebrations

question: What Seattle fair lasts 24 days?

answer: Seattle International Film Festival

text: Seattle International Film Festival

question: What is Seattle's gay pride parade called?

answer: Bite of Seattle

text: Bite of Seattle

question: How many Independence Day celebrations does Seattle have yearly?

answer: two

text: two

question: When are Seafair events held in Seattle?

answer: July and August

text: July and August

question: What is the focus of the Bumbershoot festival?

answer: art and music

text: art and music


text: Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread, and some Italian towns had more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of ten per cent of males and one per cent of females in 1500.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Education

text: remained

text: mostly

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: training

text: of

text: future

text: clergy

text: The

text: basic

text: learning

text: of

text: the

text: letters

text: and

text: numbers

text: remained

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: or

text: a

text: village

text: priest

text: but

text: the

text: secondary

text: subjects

text: of

text: the

text: trivium

text: grammar

text: rhetoric

text: logic

text: were

text: studied

text: in

text: cathedral

text: schools

text: or

text: in

text: schools

text: provided

text: by

text: cities

text: Commercial

text: secondary

text: schools

text: spread

text: and

text: some

text: Italian

text: towns

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: such

text: enterprise

text: Universities

text: also

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Lay

text: literacy

text: rates

text: rose

text: but

text: were

text: still

text: low

text: one

text: estimate

text: gave

text: a

text: literacy

text: rate

text: of

text: ten

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: males

text: and

text: one

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: females

text: in

question: What was the main purpose of education in this period?

answer: training of future clergy

text: training of future clergy

question: Along with rhetoric and logic, what constituted the trivium?

answer: grammar

text: grammar

question: About what percentage of European men were literate in 1500?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read?

answer: one

text: one

question: Along with their family, who typically taught a child letters and numbers?

answer: a village priest

text: a village priest


text: Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors (elements), electrically connected (often through a transmission line) to the receiver or transmitter. An oscillating current of electrons forced through the antenna by a transmitter will create an oscillating magnetic field around the antenna elements, while the charge of the electrons also creates an oscillating electric field along the elements. These time-varying fields radiate away from the antenna into space as a moving transverse electromagnetic field wave. Conversely, during reception, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an incoming radio wave exert force on the electrons in the antenna elements, causing them to move back and forth, creating oscillating currents in the antenna.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Typically

text: an

text: antenna

text: consists

text: of

text: an

text: arrangement

text: of

text: metallic

text: conductors

text: elements

text: electrically

text: connected

text: often

text: through

text: a

text: transmission

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: receiver

text: or

text: transmitter

text: An

text: oscillating

text: current

text: of

text: electrons

text: forced

text: through

text: the

text: antenna

text: by

text: a

text: transmitter

text: will

text: create

text: an

text: oscillating

text: magnetic

text: field

text: around

text: the

text: antenna

text: elements

text: while

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: electrons

text: also

text: creates

text: an

text: oscillating

text: electric

text: field

text: along

text: the

text: elements

text: These

text: time

text: varying

text: fields

text: radiate

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: antenna

text: into

text: space

text: as

text: a

text: moving

text: transverse

text: electromagnetic

text: field

text: wave

text: Conversely

text: during

text: reception

text: the

text: oscillating

text: electric

text: and

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: of

text: an

text: incoming

text: radio

text: wave

text: exert

text: force

text: on

text: the

text: electrons

text: in

text: the

text: antenna

text: elements

text: causing

text: them

text: to

text: move

text: back

text: and

text: forth

text: creating

text: oscillating

text: currents

text: in

text: the

text: antenna

question: What is frequently used to connect elements to the receiver?

answer: transmission line

text: transmission line

question: During transmission does the electric field wave move closer to the antenna?

answer: radiate away

text: radiate away

question: What particles are pushed through the antenna by a transmitter?

answer: electrons

text: electrons

question: During what process would electrons be vacillating in the antenna?

answer: reception

text: reception


text: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located on 132nd Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Malcolm X Boulevard. In 1997, the lot received a garden makeover; the Borough President's office funded the installation of a $100,000 water distribution system that keeps the wide variety of trees green. The garden also holds a goldfish pond and several benches. The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: The

text: Street

text: Community

text: Garden

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Street

text: between

text: Adam

text: Clayton

text: Powell

text: Jr.

text: Boulevard

text: and

text: Malcolm

text: X

text: Boulevard

text: In

text: the

text: lot

text: received

text: a

text: garden

text: makeover

text: the

text: Borough

text: President

text: 's

text: office

text: funded

text: the

text: installation

text: of

text: a

text: water

text: distribution

text: system

text: that

text: keeps

text: the

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: trees

text: green

text: The

text: garden

text: also

text: holds

text: a

text: goldfish

text: pond

text: and

text: several

text: benches

text: The

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: lives

text: in

text: gardens

text: like

text: this

text: one

text: planted

text: and

text: tended

text: by

text: local

text: residents

question: Who takes care of the 132nd Street Community Garden?

answer: local residents

text: local residents

question: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located between Malcom X Boulevard and what other Boulevard?

answer: Adam Clayton Powell Jr.

text: Adam Clayton Powell Jr.

question: In which year did the garden receive a makover with a water distribution system?

answer: 1997

question: Who funded the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system?

answer: Borough President's office

text: Borough President's office

question: How much did the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system cost?

answer: $100,000


text: The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety of methods. For diurnal migrants, the sun is used to navigate by day, and a stellar compass is used at night. Birds that use the sun compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day by the use of an internal clock. Orientation with the stellar compass depends on the position of the constellations surrounding Polaris. These are backed up in some species by their ability to sense the Earth's geomagnetism through specialised photoreceptors.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: birds

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: precise

text: locations

text: across

text: vast

text: distances

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: in

text: an

text: experiment

text: conducted

text: in

text: the

text: a

text: Manx

text: shearwater

text: released

text: in

text: Boston

text: returned

text: to

text: its

text: colony

text: in

text: Skomer

text: Wales

text: within

text: days

text: a

text: distance

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: Birds

text: navigate

text: during

text: migration

text: using

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: methods

text: For

text: diurnal

text: migrants

text: the

text: sun

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: navigate

text: by

text: day

text: and

text: a

text: stellar

text: compass

text: is

text: used

text: at

text: night

text: Birds

text: that

text: use

text: the

text: sun

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: changing

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: internal

text: clock

text: Orientation

text: with

text: the

text: stellar

text: compass

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: constellations

text: surrounding

text: Polaris

text: These

text: are

text: backed

text: up

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: by

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: sense

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: geomagnetism

text: through

text: specialised

text: photoreceptors

question: In which type of migration do birds use the sun to navigate by day and a stellar compass at night?

answer: diurnal migrants

text: diurnal migrants

question: Some species use specialised photoreceptors to sense what?

answer: the Earth's geomagnetism

text: the Earth's geomagnetism

question: What do birds to compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day?

answer: internal clock

text: internal clock


text: The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: Pamiri

text: people

text: of

text: Gorno

text: Badakhshan

text: Autonomous

text: Province

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: bordering

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: China

text: though

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Tajik

text: ethnicity

text: nevertheless

text: are

text: distinct

text: linguistically

text: and

text: culturally

text: from

text: most

text: Tajiks

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: mostly

text: Sunni

text: Muslim

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: the

text: Pamiris

text: overwhelmingly

text: follow

text: the

text: Ismaili

text: sect

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: speak

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: including

text: Shughni

text: Rushani

text: Khufi

text: and

text: Wakhi

text: Isolated

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Pamir

text: Mountains

text: they

text: have

text: preserved

text: many

text: ancient

text: cultural

text: traditions

text: and

text: folk

text: arts

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: largely

text: lost

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: country

question: What people live in the southeast area of the country?

answer: The Pamiri people

text: The Pamiri people

question: How are they different than most Tajiks?

answer: distinct linguistically and culturally

text: distinct linguistically and culturally

question: What mountians do the Pamiri people call home?

answer: Pamir Mountains

text: Pamir Mountains


text: With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: With

text: the

text: new

text: millennium

text: Marvel

text: Comics

text: emerged

text: from

text: bankruptcy

text: and

text: again

text: began

text: diversifying

text: its

text: offerings

text: In

text: Marvel

text: withdrew

text: from

text: the

text: Comics

text: Code

text: Authority

text: and

text: established

text: its

text: own

text: Marvel

text: Rating

text: System

text: for

text: comics

text: The

text: first

text: title

text: from

text: this

text: era

text: to

text: not

text: have

text: the

text: code

text: was

text: X

text: Force

text: October

text: Marvel

text: also

text: created

text: new

text: imprints

text: such

text: as

text: MAX

text: an

text: explicit

text: content

text: line

text: and

text: Marvel

text: Adventures

text: developed

text: for

text: child

text: audiences

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: company

text: created

text: an

text: alternate

text: universe

text: imprint

text: Ultimate

text: Marvel

text: that

text: allowed

text: the

text: company

text: to

text: reboot

text: its

text: major

text: titles

text: by

text: revising

text: and

text: updating

text: its

text: characters

text: to

text: introduce

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: generation

question: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?

answer: bankruptcy

text: bankruptcy

question: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?

answer: 2001

question: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?

answer: Marvel Rating System

text: Marvel Rating System

question: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?

answer: X-Force #119

text: X-Force #119

question: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?

answer: MAX

text: MAX


text: The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: proximity

text: of

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: did

text: not

text: extend

text: to

text: providing

text: monks

text: or

text: abbots

text: with

text: high

text: royal

text: connections

text: in

text: social

text: origin

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: of

text: Westminster

text: were

text: as

text: modest

text: as

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: The

text: abbot

text: remained

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Manor

text: of

text: Westminster

text: as

text: a

text: town

text: of

text: two

text: to

text: three

text: thousand

text: persons

text: grew

text: around

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: consumer

text: and

text: employer

text: on

text: a

text: grand

text: scale

text: the

text: monastery

text: helped

text: fuel

text: the

text: town

text: economy

text: and

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: town

text: remained

text: unusually

text: cordial

text: but

text: no

text: enfranchising

text: charter

text: was

text: issued

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: abbey

text: built

text: shops

text: and

text: dwellings

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: encroaching

text: upon

text: the

text: sanctuary.[citation

text: needed

question: What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?

answer: Lord of the Manor of Westminster

text: Lord of the Manor of Westminster

question: What did the monastery help fuel?

answer: the town economy

text: the town economy

question: What did the abbey build on the west side?

answer: shops and dwellings

text: shops and dwellings

question: What encroached upon the sanctuary?

answer: shops and dwellings

text: shops and dwellings


text: The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: The

text: term

text: Iranian

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: any

text: language

text: which

text: descends

text: from

text: the

text: ancestral

text: Proto

text: Iranian

text: language

text: Iranian

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Persian

text: and

text: Sanskrit

text: origin

text: word

text: Arya

question: Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor?

answer: Proto-Iranian

text: Proto-Iranian

question: From what languages does the word Aryao come?

answer: Persian and Sanskrit

text: Persian and Sanskrit


text: London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some of the surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of those areas of the counties surrounding the capital. London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London had barely recovered from the war.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: London

text: 's

text: overcrowded

text: conditions

text: led

text: to

text: cholera

text: epidemics

text: claiming

text: lives

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Rising

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: local

text: urban

text: rail

text: network

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: Board

text: of

text: Works

text: oversaw

text: infrastructure

text: expansion

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: counties

text: it

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: London

text: County

text: Council

text: was

text: created

text: out

text: of

text: those

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: counties

text: surrounding

text: the

text: capital

text: London

text: was

text: bombed

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: while

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: Blitz

text: and

text: other

text: bombings

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Luftwaffe

text: killed

text: over

text: Londoners

text: and

text: destroyed

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: housing

text: and

text: other

text: buildings

text: across

text: the

text: city

text: Immediately

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: were

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: original

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: London

text: had

text: barely

text: recovered

text: from

text: the

text: war

question: What was the primary cause of the cholera outbreak in 19th century London?

answer: London's overcrowded conditions

text: London's overcrowded conditions

question: Who bombed London in both World War I and World War II?

answer: the Germans

text: the Germans

question: When did London host its first Summer Olympics?

answer: 1948

question: How many people died of cholera in London in 1848?

answer: 14,000

question: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place?

answer: the original Wembley Stadium

text: the original Wembley Stadium


text: The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversionary fires. Another innovation was the boiler fire. These units were fed from two adjacent tanks containing oil and water. The oil-fed fires were then injected with water from time to time; the flashes produced were similar to those of the German C-250 and C-500 Flammbomben. The hope was that, if it could deceive German bombardiers, it would draw more bombers away from the real target.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: diversionary

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: fires

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: carefully

text: The

text: fake

text: fires

text: could

text: only

text: begin

text: when

text: the

text: bombing

text: started

text: over

text: an

text: adjacent

text: target

text: and

text: its

text: effects

text: were

text: brought

text: under

text: control

text: Too

text: early

text: and

text: the

text: chances

text: of

text: success

text: receded

text: too

text: late

text: and

text: the

text: real

text: conflagration

text: at

text: the

text: target

text: would

text: exceed

text: the

text: diversionary

text: fires

text: Another

text: innovation

text: was

text: the

text: boiler

text: fire

text: These

text: units

text: were

text: fed

text: from

text: two

text: adjacent

text: tanks

text: containing

text: oil

text: and

text: water

text: The

text: oil

text: fed

text: fires

text: were

text: then

text: injected

text: with

text: water

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: the

text: flashes

text: produced

text: were

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: and

text: Flammbomben

text: The

text: hope

text: was

text: that

text: if

text: it

text: could

text: deceive

text: German

text: bombardiers

text: it

text: would

text: draw

text: more

text: bombers

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: real

text: target

question: Fake fires were used as what kind of technique?

answer: diversionary

text: diversionary

question: What was injected into the fires from time to time to produce a flash?

answer: water

text: water

question: Two tanks one of oil, one of water fed what kind of fire?

answer: boiler

text: boiler

question: What did these flashes simulate?

answer: German C-250 and C-500 Flammbomben

text: German C-250 and C-500 Flammbomben

question: What was the purpose of these fires?

answer: deceive German bombardiers

text: deceive German bombardiers


text: Burke believed the Government was not taking the uprising seriously enough, a view reinforced by a letter he had received from the Prince Charles of France (S.A.R. le comte d'Artois), dated 23 October, requesting that he intercede on behalf of the royalists to the Government. Burke was forced to reply on 6 November: "I am not in His Majesty's Service; or at all consulted in his Affairs". Burke published his Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France, begun in October, where he said: "I am sure every thing has shewn us that in this war with France, one Frenchman is worth twenty foreigners. La Vendée is a proof of this".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: believed

text: the

text: Government

text: was

text: not

text: taking

text: the

text: uprising

text: seriously

text: enough

text: a

text: view

text: reinforced

text: by

text: a

text: letter

text: he

text: had

text: received

text: from

text: the

text: Prince

text: Charles

text: of

text: France

text: S.A.R.

text: le

text: comte

text: d'Artois

text: dated

text: October

text: requesting

text: that

text: he

text: intercede

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: royalists

text: to

text: the

text: Government

text: Burke

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: reply

text: on

text: November

text: I

text: am

text: not

text: in

text: His

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Service

text: or

text: at

text: all

text: consulted

text: in

text: his

text: Affairs

text: Burke

text: published

text: his

text: Remarks

text: on

text: the

text: Policy

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: with

text: Respect

text: to

text: France

text: begun

text: in

text: October

text: where

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: am

text: sure

text: every

text: thing

text: has

text: shewn

text: us

text: that

text: in

text: this

text: war

text: with

text: France

text: one

text: Frenchman

text: is

text: worth

text: twenty

text: foreigners

text: La

text: Vendée

text: is

text: a

text: proof

text: of

text: this

question: When did Prince Charles write to Burke?

answer: 23 October

text: 23 October

question: How many foreign supporters did Burke think a French royalist was worth?

answer: twenty

text: twenty

question: What did Burke see as proof of the importance of French royalists?

answer: La Vendée

text: La Vendée

question: What country was Prince Charles part of the ruling family of?

answer: France

text: France

question: In what writing did Burke comment about the importance of La Vendee?

answer: Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France

text: Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France


text: The Kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. Following an attempted republican revolution in Ireland in 1798, the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were unified in 1801, creating the United Kingdom. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining outside of the United Kingdom but with their ultimate good governance being the responsibility of the British Crown (effectively the British government). Although, the colonies of North American that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere. A century later it would cover one third of the globe. Poverty in the United Kingdom remained desperate however and industrialisation in England led to terrible condition for the working class. Mass migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second-half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with the six counties that formed Northern Ireland remaining as an autonomous region of the UK.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: The

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: were

text: unified

text: in

text: creating

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Following

text: an

text: attempted

text: republican

text: revolution

text: in

text: Ireland

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Great

text: Britain

text: were

text: unified

text: in

text: creating

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: the

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: remaining

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: but

text: with

text: their

text: ultimate

text: good

text: governance

text: being

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: effectively

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: Although

text: the

text: colonies

text: of

text: North

text: American

text: that

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: were

text: lost

text: by

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: expanded

text: rapidly

text: elsewhere

text: A

text: century

text: later

text: it

text: would

text: cover

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: globe

text: Poverty

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: remained

text: desperate

text: however

text: and

text: industrialisation

text: in

text: England

text: led

text: to

text: terrible

text: condition

text: for

text: the

text: working

text: class

text: Mass

text: migrations

text: following

text: the

text: Irish

text: Famine

text: and

text: Highland

text: Clearances

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: population

text: and

text: culture

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: a

text: rapid

text: de

text: population

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Most

text: of

text: Ireland

text: seceded

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: after

text: the

text: Irish

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: Anglo

text: Irish

text: Treaty

text: with

text: the

text: six

text: counties

text: that

text: formed

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: remaining

text: as

text: an

text: autonomous

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: UK

question: In what year was the Kingdom of Great Britain founded?

answer: 1707

question: When did the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland unite?

answer: 1801

question: How large did the British Empire become by the beginning of the 20th century?

answer: one third of the globe

text: one third of the globe

question: What negative factor occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution in England?

answer: terrible condition for the working class

text: terrible condition for the working class

question: What was the result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1919-1922?

answer: Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom

text: Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom


text: Controversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries later. To some extent the controversy is related to the foundation myths of modern states in the region. According to the "Normanist" view, the Rus' were Scandinavians, while Russian and Ukrainian nationalist historians generally argue that the Rus' were themselves Slavs. Normanist theories focus on the earliest written source for the East Slavs, the Russian Primary Chronicle, although even this account was not produced until the 12th century. Nationalist accounts have suggested that the Rus' were present before the arrival of the Varangians, noting that only a handful of Scandinavian words can be found in modern Russian and that Scandinavian names in the early chronicles were soon replaced by Slavic names. Nevertheless, archaeological evidence from the area suggests that a Scandinavian population was present during the 10th century at the latest. On balance, it seems likely that the Rus' proper were a small minority of Scandinavians who formed an elite ruling class, while the great majority of their subjects were Slavs. Considering the linguistic arguments mounted by nationalist scholars, if the proto-Rus' were Scandinavians, they must have quickly become nativized, adopting Slavic languages and other cultural practices.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: Controversy

text: persists

text: over

text: whether

text: the

text: Rus’

text: were

text: Varangians

text: Vikings

text: or

text: Slavs

text: This

text: uncertainty

text: is

text: due

text: largely

text: to

text: a

text: paucity

text: of

text: contemporary

text: sources

text: Attempts

text: to

text: address

text: this

text: question

text: instead

text: rely

text: on

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: the

text: accounts

text: of

text: foreign

text: observers

text: legends

text: and

text: literature

text: from

text: centuries

text: later

text: To

text: some

text: extent

text: the

text: controversy

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: foundation

text: myths

text: of

text: modern

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Normanist

text: view

text: the

text: Rus

text: were

text: Scandinavians

text: while

text: Russian

text: and

text: Ukrainian

text: nationalist

text: historians

text: generally

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: Rus

text: were

text: themselves

text: Slavs

text: Normanist

text: theories

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: earliest

text: written

text: source

text: for

text: the

text: East

text: Slavs

text: the

text: Russian

text: Primary

text: Chronicle

text: although

text: even

text: this

text: account

text: was

text: not

text: produced

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: Nationalist

text: accounts

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: Rus

text: were

text: present

text: before

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Varangians

text: noting

text: that

text: only

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: words

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: modern

text: Russian

text: and

text: that

text: Scandinavian

text: names

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: chronicles

text: were

text: soon

text: replaced

text: by

text: Slavic

text: names

text: Nevertheless

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: from

text: the

text: area

text: suggests

text: that

text: a

text: Scandinavian

text: population

text: was

text: present

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: at

text: the

text: latest

text: On

text: balance

text: it

text: seems

text: likely

text: that

text: the

text: Rus

text: proper

text: were

text: a

text: small

text: minority

text: of

text: Scandinavians

text: who

text: formed

text: an

text: elite

text: ruling

text: class

text: while

text: the

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: their

text: subjects

text: were

text: Slavs

text: Considering

text: the

text: linguistic

text: arguments

text: mounted

text: by

text: nationalist

text: scholars

text: if

text: the

text: proto

text: Rus

text: were

text: Scandinavians

text: they

text: must

text: have

text: quickly

text: become

text: nativized

text: adopting

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: and

text: other

text: cultural

text: practices

question: What controversy currently surrounds the Rus?

answer: whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs

text: whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs

question: What were the "Rus" accourding to the "Normanist"?

answer: Scandinavians

text: Scandinavians

question: What did the Russians beleive the Rus were?

answer: Slavs

text: Slavs


text: An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: An

text: alloy

text: is

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: either

text: pure

text: or

text: fairly

text: pure

text: chemical

text: elements

text: which

text: forms

text: an

text: impure

text: substance

text: admixture

text: that

text: retains

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: a

text: metal

text: An

text: alloy

text: is

text: distinct

text: from

text: an

text: impure

text: metal

text: such

text: as

text: wrought

text: iron

text: in

text: that

text: with

text: an

text: alloy

text: the

text: added

text: impurities

text: are

text: usually

text: desirable

text: and

text: will

text: typically

text: have

text: some

text: useful

text: benefit

text: Alloys

text: are

text: made

text: by

text: mixing

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: elements

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: being

text: a

text: metal

text: This

text: is

text: usually

text: called

text: the

text: primary

text: metal

text: or

text: the

text: base

text: metal

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: this

text: metal

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: alloy

text: The

text: other

text: constituents

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: metals

text: but

text: when

text: mixed

text: with

text: the

text: molten

text: base

text: they

text: will

text: be

text: soluble

text: dissolving

text: into

text: the

text: mixture

question: What kind of substance is an alloy?

answer: impure

text: impure

question: What happens when an alloy is mixed with a molten base?

answer: they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture

text: they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture

question: What is an alloy composed of?

answer: two or more elements

text: two or more elements

question: What other metal is impure like alloy?

answer: wrought iron

text: wrought iron


text: The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendered as Moors in English.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: The

text: Romans

text: interacted

text: with

text: and

text: later

text: conquered

text: parts

text: of

text: Mauretania

text: an

text: early

text: state

text: that

text: covered

text: modern

text: Morocco

text: western

text: Algeria

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: during

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: The

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: were

text: noted

text: in

text: Classical

text: literature

text: as

text: Mauri

text: which

text: was

text: subsequently

text: rendered

text: as

text: Moors

text: in

text: English

question: What made up Mauretania?

answer: Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla

text: Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla

question: Who conquered parts of Mauretania?

answer: The Romans

text: The Romans

question: During what period did Mauretania exist?

answer: the classical period.

text: the classical period.

question: Where were the people of the region noted?

answer: in Classical literature

text: in Classical literature

question: What is Mauri in English?

answer: Moors

text: Moors


text: Ptolemy's Geography divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas." To the south is "India on this side of the Ganges" and "India beyond the Ganges." Asia began on the coast of Anatolia ("land of the rising sun"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas (including the Tien Shan) were Serica and Serae (sections of China) and some other identifiable far eastern locations known to the voyagers and geographers but not to the general European public.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: Geography

text: divided

text: Asia

text: on

text: a

text: similar

text: basis

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: is

text: Scythia

text: this

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: Scythia

text: beyond

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: is

text: India

text: on

text: this

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Ganges

text: and

text: India

text: beyond

text: the

text: Ganges

text: Asia

text: began

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: sun

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Ganges

text: and

text: Himalayas

text: including

text: the

text: Tien

text: Shan

text: were

text: Serica

text: and

text: Serae

text: sections

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: identifiable

text: far

text: eastern

text: locations

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: voyagers

text: and

text: geographers

text: but

text: not

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: public

question: What divided Asia on a similar basis?

answer: Ptolemy's Geography

text: Ptolemy's Geography

question: "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" is located where?

answer: In the north

text: In the north

question: "India on this side of the Ganges" is located where?

answer: To the south

text: To the south

question: "Scythia beyond the Himalayas" is located where?

answer: In the north

text: In the north

question: Where did Asia begin?

answer: on the coast of Anatolia

text: on the coast of Anatolia