text: Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. Moreover, research have shown that mice given low-dose penicillin (1 μg/g body weight) around birth and throughout the weaning process had an increased body mass and fat mass, accelerated growth, and increased hepatic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, compared to controlled mice. In addition, penicillin in combination with a high-fat diet increased fasting insulin levels in mice. However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. Studies have found a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics (<6 months) and increased body mass (at 10 and 20 months). Another study found that the type of antibiotic exposure was also significant with the highest risk of being overweight in those given macrolides compared to penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, there is correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and obesity in humans, but whether or not there is a causal relationship remains unclear. Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: Exposure

text: to

text: antibiotics

text: early

text: in

text: life

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: increased

text: body

text: mass

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: mouse

text: models

text: Early

text: life

text: is

text: a

text: critical

text: period

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: intestinal

text: microbiota

text: and

text: for

text: metabolic

text: development

text: Mice

text: exposed

text: to

text: subtherapeutic

text: antibiotic

text: treatment

text: STAT)–

text: with

text: either

text: penicillin

text: vancomycin

text: penicillin

text: and

text: vancomycin

text: or

text: chlortetracycline

text: had

text: altered

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: gut

text: microbiota

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: metabolic

text: capabilities

text: Moreover

text: research

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: mice

text: given

text: low

text: dose

text: penicillin

text: μg

text: g

text: body

text: weight

text: around

text: birth

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: weaning

text: process

text: had

text: an

text: increased

text: body

text: mass

text: and

text: fat

text: mass

text: accelerated

text: growth

text: and

text: increased

text: hepatic

text: expression

text: of

text: genes

text: involved

text: in

text: adipogenesis

text: compared

text: to

text: controlled

text: mice

text: In

text: addition

text: penicillin

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: fat

text: diet

text: increased

text: fasting

text: insulin

text: levels

text: in

text: mice

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: unclear

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: antibiotics

text: cause

text: obesity

text: in

text: humans

text: Studies

text: have

text: found

text: a

text: correlation

text: between

text: early

text: exposure

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: months

text: and

text: increased

text: body

text: mass

text: at

text: and

text: months

text: Another

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: exposure

text: was

text: also

text: significant

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: risk

text: of

text: being

text: overweight

text: in

text: those

text: given

text: macrolides

text: compared

text: to

text: penicillin

text: and

text: cephalosporin

text: Therefore

text: there

text: is

text: correlation

text: between

text: antibiotic

text: exposure

text: in

text: early

text: life

text: and

text: obesity

text: in

text: humans

text: but

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: causal

text: relationship

text: remains

text: unclear

text: Although

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: correlation

text: between

text: antibiotic

text: use

text: in

text: early

text: life

text: and

text: obesity

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: on

text: obesity

text: in

text: humans

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: weighed

text: against

text: the

text: beneficial

text: effects

text: of

text: clinically

text: indicated

text: treatment

text: with

text: antibiotics

text: in

text: infancy

question: What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age?

answer: increased body mass

text: increased body mass

question: What does STAT stand for?

answer: subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment

text: subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment

question: What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT?

answer: penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline

text: penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline

question: Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans?

answer: unclear

text: unclear

question: Why do physicians use antibiotics on infants when the relationship has been proven?

answer: weighed against the beneficial effects

text: weighed against the beneficial effects

question: What can happen if people are exposed to antibiotics at a young age?

answer: increased body mass

text: increased body mass

question: When do intestinal microbiota develop?

answer: Early life

text: Early life

question: Do antibiotics increase the chance of getting fat for humans?

answer: unclear

text: unclear


text: The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: The

text: TSFSR

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: divided

text: up

text: into

text: three

text: separate

text: entities

text: Armenian

text: SSR

text: Azerbaijan

text: SSR

text: and

text: Georgian

text: SSR

text: Armenians

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: relative

text: stability

text: under

text: Soviet

text: rule

text: They

text: received

text: medicine

text: food

text: and

text: other

text: provisions

text: from

text: Moscow

text: and

text: communist

text: rule

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: soothing

text: balm

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: turbulent

text: final

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: situation

text: was

text: difficult

text: for

text: the

text: church

text: which

text: struggled

text: under

text: Soviet

text: rule

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Vladimir

text: Lenin

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: took

text: the

text: reins

text: of

text: power

text: and

text: began

text: an

text: era

text: of

text: renewed

text: fear

text: and

text: terror

text: for

text: Armenians

question: Who provided the Armenians with supplies?

answer: Moscow

text: Moscow

question: Who succeeded Vladimir Lenin?

answer: Joseph Stalin

text: Joseph Stalin

question: Which three parts make up the TSFSR?

answer: Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR

text: Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR

question: When did the TSFSR break up into three parts?

answer: 1936


text: Unwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much as a conventional changer handled 78s. The short playing time of a single 45 rpm side meant that long works, such as symphonies, had to be released on multiple 45s instead of a single LP, but RCA claimed that the new high-speed changer rendered side breaks so brief as to be inaudible or inconsequential. Early 45 rpm records were made from either vinyl or polystyrene. They had a playing time of eight minutes.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Unwilling

text: to

text: accept

text: and

text: license

text: Columbia

text: 's

text: system

text: in

text: February

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: in

text: cooperation

text: of

text: its

text: parent

text: the

text: Radio

text: Corporation

text: of

text: America

text: released

text: the

text: first

text: rpm

text: single

text: inches

text: in

text: diameter

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: center

text: hole

text: The

text: rpm

text: player

text: included

text: a

text: changing

text: mechanism

text: that

text: allowed

text: multiple

text: disks

text: to

text: be

text: stacked

text: much

text: as

text: a

text: conventional

text: changer

text: handled

text: The

text: short

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: rpm

text: side

text: meant

text: that

text: long

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: symphonies

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: on

text: multiple

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: LP

text: but

text: RCA

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: new

text: high

text: speed

text: changer

text: rendered

text: side

text: breaks

text: so

text: brief

text: as

text: to

text: be

text: inaudible

text: or

text: inconsequential

text: Early

text: rpm

text: records

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: either

text: vinyl

text: or

text: polystyrene

text: They

text: had

text: a

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: eight

text: minutes

question: What did RCA release to complete against Columbia's LP?

answer: The 45 rpm player

text: The 45 rpm player

question: What materials were 45 rpm records made of?

answer: vinyl or polystyrene

text: vinyl or polystyrene

question: What was the play time of a 45 rpm

answer: eight minutes

text: eight minutes

question: What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm?

answer: 7 inches

text: 7 inches


text: Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Internationally

text: Sassou

text: 's

text: regime

text: has

text: been

text: hit

text: by

text: corruption

text: revelations

text: despite

text: attempts

text: to

text: censor

text: them

text: One

text: French

text: investigation

text: found

text: over

text: bank

text: accounts

text: and

text: dozens

text: of

text: lavish

text: properties

text: in

text: France

text: Sassou

text: denounced

text: embezzlement

text: investigations

text: as

text: racist

text: and

text: colonial

question: What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?

answer: corruption revelations

text: corruption revelations

question: What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?

answer: France

text: France


text: With the onset of the Crusades in 1095, and the expulsions from England (1290), France (1394), and parts of Germany (15th century), Jewish migration pushed eastward into Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century). Over this period of several hundred years, some have suggested, Jewish economic activity was focused on trade, business management, and financial services, due to several presumed factors: Christian European prohibitions restricting certain activities by Jews, preventing certain financial activities (such as "usurious" loans) between Christians, high rates of literacy, near universal male education, and ability of merchants to rely upon and trust family members living in different regions and countries.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: With

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: the

text: Crusades

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: expulsions

text: from

text: England

text: France

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Germany

text: century

text: Jewish

text: migration

text: pushed

text: eastward

text: into

text: Poland

text: century

text: Lithuania

text: century

text: and

text: Russia

text: century

text: Over

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: several

text: hundred

text: years

text: some

text: have

text: suggested

text: Jewish

text: economic

text: activity

text: was

text: focused

text: on

text: trade

text: business

text: management

text: and

text: financial

text: services

text: due

text: to

text: several

text: presumed

text: factors

text: Christian

text: European

text: prohibitions

text: restricting

text: certain

text: activities

text: by

text: Jews

text: preventing

text: certain

text: financial

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: usurious

text: loans

text: between

text: Christians

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: literacy

text: near

text: universal

text: male

text: education

text: and

text: ability

text: of

text: merchants

text: to

text: rely

text: upon

text: and

text: trust

text: family

text: members

text: living

text: in

text: different

text: regions

text: and

text: countries

question: What year marked the onset of the Crusades?

answer: 1095

question: As Jews were expelled from England, France, and parts of Germany they head into which three countries?

answer: Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century)

text: Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century)

question: What year were the expulsions from England?

answer: 1290

question: What year were the expulsions from France?

answer: 1394

question: After expulsions from England and France, Jewish migration headed in which direction?

answer: Jewish migration pushed eastward

text: Jewish migration pushed eastward


text: In a 1992 New York Times article on Feynman and his legacy, James Gleick recounts the story of how Murray Gell-Mann described what has become known as "The Feynman Algorithm" or "The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm" to a student: "The student asks Gell-Mann about Feynman's notes. Gell-Mann says no, Dick's methods are not the same as the methods used here. The student asks, well, what are Feynman's methods? Gell-Mann leans coyly against the blackboard and says: Dick's method is this. You write down the problem. You think very hard. (He shuts his eyes and presses his knuckles parodically to his forehead.) Then you write down the answer."

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: In

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: article

text: on

text: Feynman

text: and

text: his

text: legacy

text: James

text: Gleick

text: recounts

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: how

text: Murray

text: Gell

text: Mann

text: described

text: what

text: has

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Feynman

text: Algorithm

text: or

text: The

text: Feynman

text: Problem

text: Solving

text: Algorithm

text: to

text: a

text: student

text: The

text: student

text: asks

text: Gell

text: Mann

text: about

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: notes

text: Gell

text: Mann

text: says

text: no

text: Dick

text: 's

text: methods

text: are

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: methods

text: used

text: here

text: The

text: student

text: asks

text: well

text: what

text: are

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: methods

text: Gell

text: Mann

text: leans

text: coyly

text: against

text: the

text: blackboard

text: and

text: says

text: Dick

text: 's

text: method

text: is

text: this

text: You

text: write

text: down

text: the

text: problem

text: You

text: think

text: very

text: hard

text: He

text: shuts

text: his

text: eyes

text: and

text: presses

text: his

text: knuckles

text: parodically

text: to

text: his

text: forehead

text: Then

text: you

text: write

text: down

text: the

text: answer

question: Which paper published a story about Feynman in 1992?

answer: New York Times

text: New York Times

question: Who helped tell the 1992 New York Times story about Feynman?

answer: James Gleick

text: James Gleick

question: Gleick told a story about a specific algorithim that Gell-Mann described to a student, what was this algorithim called?

answer: The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm

text: The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm

question: Feynman's algorithim included writing the problem, thinking, and then what?

answer: write down the answer

text: write down the answer


text: From the beginning of 2014, Madonna began to make multiple media appearances. She appeared at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in January 2014, performing "Open Your Heart" alongside rappers Macklemore & Ryan Lewis and singer Mary Lambert, who sang their single "Same Love", as 33 couples were wed onstage, officiated by Queen Latifah. Days later, she joined singer Miley Cyrus on her MTV Unplugged special, singing a mash-up of "Don't Tell Me" and Cyrus' single "We Can't Stop" (2013). She also extended her business ventures and in February 2014 the singer premiered MDNA Skin, a range of skin care products, in Tokyo, Japan. After visiting her hometown of Detroit during May 2014, Madonna decided to contribute funds to three of the city's organizations, to help eliminate poverty from there. The singer released a statement saying that she was inspired by their work, adding that "it was obvious to me that I had to get involved and be part of the solution to help Detroit recover".

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: From

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: Madonna

text: began

text: to

text: make

text: multiple

text: media

text: appearances

text: She

text: appeared

text: at

text: the

text: Annual

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: in

text: January

text: performing

text: Open

text: Your

text: Heart

text: alongside

text: rappers

text: Macklemore

text: Ryan

text: Lewis

text: and

text: singer

text: Mary

text: Lambert

text: who

text: sang

text: their

text: single

text: Same

text: Love

text: as

text: couples

text: were

text: we

text: d

text: onstage

text: officiated

text: by

text: Queen

text: Latifah

text: Days

text: later

text: she

text: joined

text: singer

text: Miley

text: Cyrus

text: on

text: her

text: MTV

text: Unplugged

text: special

text: singing

text: a

text: mash

text: up

text: of

text: Do

text: n't

text: Tell

text: Me

text: and

text: Cyrus

text: single

text: We

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Stop

text: She

text: also

text: extended

text: her

text: business

text: ventures

text: and

text: in

text: February

text: the

text: singer

text: premiered

text: MDNA

text: Skin

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: skin

text: care

text: products

text: in

text: Tokyo

text: Japan

text: After

text: visiting

text: her

text: hometown

text: of

text: Detroit

text: during

text: May

text: Madonna

text: decided

text: to

text: contribute

text: funds

text: to

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: organizations

text: to

text: help

text: eliminate

text: poverty

text: from

text: there

text: The

text: singer

text: released

text: a

text: statement

text: saying

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: their

text: work

text: adding

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: obvious

text: to

text: me

text: that

text: I

text: had

text: to

text: get

text: involved

text: and

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: solution

text: to

text: help

text: Detroit

text: recover

question: What award ceremony did Madonna appeared in?

answer: 56th Annual Grammy Awards

text: 56th Annual Grammy Awards

question: What song did Madonna sing at the ceremony?

answer: Open Your Heart

text: Open Your Heart

question: Which singer did she join on MTV Unplugged to sing?

answer: Miley Cyrus

text: Miley Cyrus

question: When did Madonna premiered her MDNA skincare line?

answer: February 2014

text: February 2014

question: Which city did Madonna contribute funds to help poverty?

answer: Detroit

text: Detroit


text: The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala, in the heart of Ciudad Vieja. It was erected in the early 20th century as the residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers on the ruins of Montevideo's first theatre (of 1793), during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture. The palace was designed by French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León who also designed the Petit Palais and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943, along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site. The Decorative Arts Museum has an important collection of European paintings and decorative arts, ancient Greek and Roman art and Islamic ceramics of the 10th–18th century from the area of present-day Iran. The palace is often used as a meeting place by the Uruguayan government.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: Palacio

text: Taranco

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Plaza

text: Zabala

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: It

text: was

text: erected

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: as

text: the

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: Ortiz

text: Taranco

text: brothers

text: on

text: the

text: ruins

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: 's

text: first

text: theatre

text: of

text: during

text: a

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: architectural

text: style

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: French

text: architecture

text: The

text: palace

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: French

text: architects

text: Charles

text: Louis

text: Girault

text: and

text: Jules

text: Chifflot

text: León

text: who

text: also

text: designed

text: the

text: Petit

text: Palais

text: and

text: the

text: Arc

text: de

text: Triomphe

text: in

text: Paris

text: It

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: heirs

text: of

text: the

text: Tarancos

text: in

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: precious

text: collection

text: of

text: Uruguayan

text: furniture

text: and

text: draperies

text: and

text: was

text: deemed

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: an

text: ideal

text: place

text: for

text: a

text: museum

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Decorative

text: Arts

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: and

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: National

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: The

text: Decorative

text: Arts

text: Museum

text: has

text: an

text: important

text: collection

text: of

text: European

text: paintings

text: and

text: decorative

text: arts

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: art

text: and

text: Islamic

text: ceramics

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: from

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Iran

text: The

text: palace

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: meeting

text: place

text: by

text: the

text: Uruguayan

text: government

question: Where is the Palacio Taranco located?

answer: the heart of Ciudad Vieja

text: the heart of Ciudad Vieja

question: When was the Palacio Taranco erected?

answer: early 20th century

text: early 20th century

question: The Palacio Taranco was erected to be the residence for whom?

answer: Ortiz Taranco brothers

text: Ortiz Taranco brothers

question: Who designed the Palacio Taranco?

answer: French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León

text: French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León


text: Poetry is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, prosaic ostensible meaning. Poetry has traditionally been distinguished from prose by its being set in verse;[a] prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines; the syntax of prose is dictated by meaning, whereas that of poetry is held across metre or the visual aspects of the poem. Prior to the nineteenth century, poetry was commonly understood to be something set in metrical lines; accordingly, in 1658 a definition of poetry is "any kind of subject consisting of Rythm or Verses". Possibly as a result of Aristotle's influence (his Poetics), "poetry" before the nineteenth century was usually less a technical designation for verse than a normative category of fictive or rhetorical art. As a form it may pre-date literacy, with the earliest works being composed within and sustained by an oral tradition; hence it constitutes the earliest example of literature.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Poetry

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: literary

text: art

text: which

text: uses

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: rhythmic

text: qualities

text: of

text: language

text: to

text: evoke

text: meanings

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: or

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: prosaic

text: ostensible

text: meaning

text: Poetry

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: distinguished

text: from

text: prose

text: by

text: its

text: being

text: set

text: in

text: verse;[a

text: prose

text: is

text: cast

text: in

text: sentences

text: poetry

text: in

text: lines

text: the

text: syntax

text: of

text: prose

text: is

text: dictated

text: by

text: meaning

text: whereas

text: that

text: of

text: poetry

text: is

text: held

text: across

text: metre

text: or

text: the

text: visual

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: poem

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: poetry

text: was

text: commonly

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: something

text: set

text: in

text: metrical

text: lines

text: accordingly

text: in

text: a

text: definition

text: of

text: poetry

text: is

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: subject

text: consisting

text: of

text: Rythm

text: or

text: Verses

text: Possibly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: influence

text: his

text: Poetics

text: poetry

text: before

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: was

text: usually

text: less

text: a

text: technical

text: designation

text: for

text: verse

text: than

text: a

text: normative

text: category

text: of

text: fictive

text: or

text: rhetorical

text: art

text: As

text: a

text: form

text: it

text: may

text: pre

text: date

text: literacy

text: with

text: the

text: earliest

text: works

text: being

text: composed

text: within

text: and

text: sustained

text: by

text: an

text: oral

text: tradition

text: hence

text: it

text: constitutes

text: the

text: earliest

text: example

text: of

text: literature

question: What elements of language make for poetic literature?

answer: aesthetic and rhythmic qualities

text: aesthetic and rhythmic qualities

question: Poetry is usually differentiated from prose by what factor?

answer: verse

text: verse

question: If prose uses sentences, what is the equivalent in poetry?

answer: lines

text: lines

question: Poetry was considered to need lines and meter until when?

answer: the nineteenth century

text: the nineteenth century

question: The structure of poetry may have existed before what?

answer: literacy

text: literacy


text: The strictest definition of "plant" includes only the "land plants" or embryophytes, which include seed plants (gymnosperms, including the pines, and flowering plants) and the free-sporing cryptogams including ferns, clubmosses, liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Embryophytes are multicellular eukaryotes descended from an ancestor that obtained its energy from sunlight by photosynthesis. They have life cycles with alternating haploid and diploid phases. The sexual haploid phase of embryophytes, known as the gametophyte, nurtures the developing diploid embryo sporophyte within its tissues for at least part of its life, even in the seed plants, where the gametophyte itself is nurtured by its parent sporophyte. Other groups of organisms that were previously studied by botanists include bacteria (now studied in bacteriology), fungi (mycology) – including lichen-forming fungi (lichenology), non-chlorophyte algae (phycology), and viruses (virology). However, attention is still given to these groups by botanists, and fungi (including lichens) and photosynthetic protists are usually covered in introductory botany courses.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: strictest

text: definition

text: of

text: plant

text: includes

text: only

text: the

text: land

text: plants

text: or

text: embryophytes

text: which

text: include

text: seed

text: plants

text: gymnosperms

text: including

text: the

text: pines

text: and

text: flowering

text: plants

text: and

text: the

text: free

text: sporing

text: cryptogams

text: including

text: ferns

text: clubmosses

text: liverworts

text: hornworts

text: and

text: mosses

text: Embryophytes

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotes

text: descended

text: from

text: an

text: ancestor

text: that

text: obtained

text: its

text: energy

text: from

text: sunlight

text: by

text: photosynthesis

text: They

text: have

text: life

text: cycles

text: with

text: alternating

text: haploid

text: and

text: diploid

text: phases

text: The

text: sexual

text: haploid

text: phase

text: of

text: embryophytes

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: gametophyte

text: nurtures

text: the

text: developing

text: diploid

text: embryo

text: sporophyte

text: within

text: its

text: tissues

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: life

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: seed

text: plants

text: where

text: the

text: gametophyte

text: itself

text: is

text: nurtured

text: by

text: its

text: parent

text: sporophyte

text: Other

text: groups

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: were

text: previously

text: studied

text: by

text: botanists

text: include

text: bacteria

text: now

text: studied

text: in

text: bacteriology

text: fungi

text: mycology

text: including

text: lichen

text: forming

text: fungi

text: lichenology

text: non

text: chlorophyte

text: algae

text: phycology

text: and

text: viruses

text: virology

text: However

text: attention

text: is

text: still

text: given

text: to

text: these

text: groups

text: by

text: botanists

text: and

text: fungi

text: including

text: lichens

text: and

text: photosynthetic

text: protists

text: are

text: usually

text: covered

text: in

text: introductory

text: botany

text: courses

question: What is the scientific name for seed plants?

answer: gymnosperms

text: gymnosperms

question: What is the study of algae called?

answer: phycology

text: phycology

question: What two phases are included in the life cycles of embryophytes?

answer: haploid and diploid

text: haploid and diploid


text: One of John's principal challenges was acquiring the large sums of money needed for his proposed campaigns to reclaim Normandy. The Angevin kings had three main sources of income available to them, namely revenue from their personal lands, or demesne; money raised through their rights as a feudal lord; and revenue from taxation. Revenue from the royal demesne was inflexible and had been diminishing slowly since the Norman conquest. Matters were not helped by Richard's sale of many royal properties in 1189, and taxation played a much smaller role in royal income than in later centuries. English kings had widespread feudal rights which could be used to generate income, including the scutage system, in which feudal military service was avoided by a cash payment to the king. He derived income from fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges. John intensified his efforts to maximise all possible sources of income, to the extent that he has been described as "avaricious, miserly, extortionate and moneyminded". John also used revenue generation as a way of exerting political control over the barons: debts owed to the crown by the king's favoured supporters might be forgiven; collection of those owed by enemies was more stringently enforced.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: One

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: principal

text: challenges

text: was

text: acquiring

text: the

text: large

text: sums

text: of

text: money

text: needed

text: for

text: his

text: proposed

text: campaigns

text: to

text: reclaim

text: Normandy

text: The

text: Angevin

text: kings

text: had

text: three

text: main

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: available

text: to

text: them

text: namely

text: revenue

text: from

text: their

text: personal

text: lands

text: or

text: demesne

text: money

text: raised

text: through

text: their

text: rights

text: as

text: a

text: feudal

text: lord

text: and

text: revenue

text: from

text: taxation

text: Revenue

text: from

text: the

text: royal

text: demesne

text: was

text: inflexible

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: diminishing

text: slowly

text: since

text: the

text: Norman

text: conquest

text: Matters

text: were

text: not

text: helped

text: by

text: Richard

text: 's

text: sale

text: of

text: many

text: royal

text: properties

text: in

text: and

text: taxation

text: played

text: a

text: much

text: smaller

text: role

text: in

text: royal

text: income

text: than

text: in

text: later

text: centuries

text: English

text: kings

text: had

text: widespread

text: feudal

text: rights

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: generate

text: income

text: including

text: the

text: scutage

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: feudal

text: military

text: service

text: was

text: avoided

text: by

text: a

text: cash

text: payment

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: He

text: derived

text: income

text: from

text: fines

text: court

text: fees

text: and

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: charters

text: and

text: other

text: privileges

text: John

text: intensified

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: maximise

text: all

text: possible

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: he

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: avaricious

text: miserly

text: extortionate

text: and

text: moneyminded

text: John

text: also

text: used

text: revenue

text: generation

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: exerting

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: barons

text: debts

text: owed

text: to

text: the

text: crown

text: by

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: favoured

text: supporters

text: might

text: be

text: forgiven

text: collection

text: of

text: those

text: owed

text: by

text: enemies

text: was

text: more

text: stringently

text: enforced

question: What was one of John's principal challenges?

answer: acquiring the large sums of money needed

text: acquiring the large sums of money needed

question: When did Richard sell many royal properties?

answer: 1189

question: Where did John derive income from?

answer: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges

text: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges


text: A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: A

text: century

text: building

text: in

text: Huldah

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: Samaritan

text: synagogue

text: Its

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: contains

text: typical

text: Jewish

text: symbols

text: menorah

text: lulav

text: etrog

text: but

text: the

text: inscriptions

text: are

text: Greek

text: Another

text: Samaritan

text: synagogue

text: with

text: a

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: Bet

text: She'an

text: excavated

text: in

text: The

text: floor

text: had

text: only

text: decorative

text: motifs

text: and

text: an

text: aedicule

text: shrine

text: with

text: cultic

text: symbols

text: The

text: ban

text: on

text: human

text: or

text: animal

text: images

text: was

text: more

text: strictly

text: observed

text: by

text: the

text: Samaritans

text: than

text: their

text: Jewish

text: neighbours

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: town

text: see

text: above

text: The

text: mosaic

text: was

text: laid

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: masters

text: who

text: made

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: Beit

text: Alfa

text: synagogue

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: inscriptions

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: Samaritan

text: script

question: A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?

answer: a Samaritan synagogue

text: a Samaritan synagogue

question: What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?

answer: typical Jewish symbols

text: typical Jewish symbols

question: What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?

answer: cultic

text: cultic

question: The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?

answer: the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue

text: the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue


text: In 1963, the Robbins Report on universities in the United Kingdom concluded that such institutions should have four main "objectives essential to any properly balanced system: instruction in skills; the promotion of the general powers of the mind so as to produce not mere specialists but rather cultivated men and women; to maintain research in balance with teaching, since teaching should not be separated from the advancement of learning and the search for truth; and to transmit a common culture and common standards of citizenship."

title: University

title: University

text: In

text: the

text: Robbins

text: Report

text: on

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: concluded

text: that

text: such

text: institutions

text: should

text: have

text: four

text: main

text: objectives

text: essential

text: to

text: any

text: properly

text: balanced

text: system

text: instruction

text: in

text: skills

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: produce

text: not

text: mere

text: specialists

text: but

text: rather

text: cultivated

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: to

text: maintain

text: research

text: in

text: balance

text: with

text: teaching

text: since

text: teaching

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: learning

text: and

text: the

text: search

text: for

text: truth

text: and

text: to

text: transmit

text: a

text: common

text: culture

text: and

text: common

text: standards

text: of

text: citizenship

question: In what year did the Robbins report say that universities should have four objectives to remain balanced?

answer: 1963

question: What nation did the 1963 Robbins Report focus on?

answer: the United Kingdom

text: the United Kingdom

question: What should a university promote, according to the Robbins Report?

answer: general powers of the mind

text: general powers of the mind

question: Universities should maintain what, according to the Robbins Report?

answer: research in balance with teaching

text: research in balance with teaching

question: The Robbins Report says universities should transmit what?

answer: a common culture and common standards of citizenship

text: a common culture and common standards of citizenship


text: These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Composing two of these symmetry functions gives another symmetry function. These symmetries determine a group called the dihedral group of degree 4 and denoted D4. The underlying set of the group is the above set of symmetry functions, and the group operation is function composition. Two symmetries are combined by composing them as functions, that is, applying the first one to the square, and the second one to the result of the first application. The result of performing first a and then b is written symbolically from right to left as

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: These

text: symmetries

text: are

text: represented

text: by

text: functions

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: functions

text: sends

text: a

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: square

text: to

text: the

text: corresponding

text: point

text: under

text: the

text: symmetry

text: For

text: example

text: sends

text: a

text: point

text: to

text: its

text: rotation

text: clockwise

text: around

text: the

text: square

text: 's

text: center

text: and

text: fh

text: sends

text: a

text: point

text: to

text: its

text: reflection

text: across

text: the

text: square

text: 's

text: vertical

text: middle

text: line

text: Composing

text: two

text: of

text: these

text: symmetry

text: functions

text: gives

text: another

text: symmetry

text: function

text: These

text: symmetries

text: determine

text: a

text: group

text: called

text: the

text: dihedral

text: group

text: of

text: degree

text: and

text: denoted

text: The

text: underlying

text: set

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: is

text: the

text: above

text: set

text: of

text: symmetry

text: functions

text: and

text: the

text: group

text: operation

text: is

text: function

text: composition

text: Two

text: symmetries

text: are

text: combined

text: by

text: composing

text: them

text: as

text: functions

text: that

text: is

text: applying

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: to

text: the

text: square

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: one

text: to

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: application

text: The

text: result

text: of

text: performing

text: first

text: a

text: and

text: then

text: b

text: is

text: written

text: symbolically

text: from

text: right

text: to

text: left

text: as

question: What sends a point in the square to the relating point under the symmetry?

answer: functions

text: functions

question: What gives another symmetry function?

answer: Composing two of these symmetry functions

text: Composing two of these symmetry functions

question: What group includes the symmetries of degree 4 and denoted D4?

answer: the dihedral group

text: the dihedral group


text: There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: rocks

text: and

text: islets

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: including

text: Castle

text: Rock

text: Speery

text: Island

text: the

text: Needle

text: Lower

text: Black

text: Rock

text: Upper

text: Black

text: Rock

text: South

text: Bird

text: Island

text: Southwest

text: Black

text: Rock

text: Thompson

text: 's

text: Valley

text: Island

text: Peaked

text: Island

text: Egg

text: Island

text: Lady

text: 's

text: Chair

text: Lighter

text: Rock

text: West

text: Long

text: Ledge

text: Northwest

text: Shore

text: Island

text: George

text: Island

text: Rough

text: Rock

text: Island

text: Flat

text: Rock

text: East

text: the

text: Buoys

text: Sandy

text: Bay

text: Island

text: the

text: Chimney

text: White

text: Bird

text: Island

text: and

text: Frightus

text: Rock

text: Southeast

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: within

text: one

text: kilometre

text: miles

text: of

text: the

text: shore

question: How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?

answer: one kilometre

text: one kilometre

question: Which direction from the island is Upper Black Rock located?

answer: South

text: South

question: Which direction from the island is Bird Island located?

answer: Southwest

text: Southwest

question: Which direction from the island is Lighter Rock located?

answer: West

text: West

question: Which direction from the island is Frightus Rock located?

answer: Southeast

text: Southeast


text: Among the reasons this speech was so greatly admired was its passage on Lord Bathurst (1684–1775); Burke describes an angel in 1704 prophesying to Bathurst the future greatness of England and also of America: "Young man, There is America – which at this day serves little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men, and uncouth manners; yet shall, before you taste of death, shew itself equal to the whole of that commerce which now attracts the envy of the world". Samuel Johnson was so irritated at hearing it continually praised, that he made a parody of it, where the devil appears to a young Whig and predicts that in short time, Whiggism will poison even the paradise of America!

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Among

text: the

text: reasons

text: this

text: speech

text: was

text: so

text: greatly

text: admired

text: was

text: its

text: passage

text: on

text: Lord

text: Bathurst

text: Burke

text: describes

text: an

text: angel

text: in

text: prophesying

text: to

text: Bathurst

text: the

text: future

text: greatness

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: of

text: America

text: Young

text: man

text: There

text: is

text: America

text: which

text: at

text: this

text: day

text: serves

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: to

text: amuse

text: you

text: with

text: stories

text: of

text: savage

text: men

text: and

text: uncouth

text: manners

text: yet

text: shall

text: before

text: you

text: taste

text: of

text: death

text: shew

text: itself

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: that

text: commerce

text: which

text: now

text: attracts

text: the

text: envy

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Samuel

text: Johnson

text: was

text: so

text: irritated

text: at

text: hearing

text: it

text: continually

text: praised

text: that

text: he

text: made

text: a

text: parody

text: of

text: it

text: where

text: the

text: devil

text: appears

text: to

text: a

text: young

text: Whig

text: and

text: predicts

text: that

text: in

text: short

text: time

text: Whiggism

text: will

text: poison

text: even

text: the

text: paradise

text: of

text: America

question: When did Lord Bathurst die?

answer: 1775

question: When did an angel supposedly speak to Bathurst?

answer: 1704

question: What political position did Samuel Johnson say would soon poison America?

answer: Whiggism

text: Whiggism

question: When was Lord Bathurst born?

answer: 1684

question: In Samuel Johnson's writing, who appeared to a Whig?

answer: the devil

text: the devil


text: Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between the filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells – the energy difference between these shells is such that it corresponds to orange light. The same mechanism accounts for the yellow color of gold and caesium.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Together

text: with

text: caesium

text: and

text: gold

text: both

text: yellow

text: and

text: osmium

text: bluish

text: copper

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: four

text: elemental

text: metals

text: with

text: a

text: natural

text: color

text: other

text: than

text: gray

text: or

text: silver

text: Pure

text: copper

text: is

text: orange

text: red

text: and

text: acquires

text: a

text: reddish

text: tarnish

text: when

text: exposed

text: to

text: air

text: The

text: characteristic

text: color

text: of

text: copper

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: electronic

text: transitions

text: between

text: the

text: filled

text: and

text: half

text: empty

text: atomic

text: shells

text: the

text: energy

text: difference

text: between

text: these

text: shells

text: is

text: such

text: that

text: it

text: corresponds

text: to

text: orange

text: light

text: The

text: same

text: mechanism

text: accounts

text: for

text: the

text: yellow

text: color

text: of

text: gold

text: and

text: caesium

question: How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray?

answer: four

text: four

question: What color is pure copper?

answer: orange-red

text: orange-red

question: What does copper aquire when exposed to air?

answer: reddish tarnish

text: reddish tarnish

question: The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light?

answer: orange light

text: orange light

question: What color is the metal caesium?

answer: yellow

text: yellow


text: The University of Arizona Wildcats sports teams, most notably the men's basketball and women's softball teams have strong local interest. The men's basketball team, formerly coached by Hall of Fame head coach Lute Olson and currently coached by Sean Miller, has made 25 straight NCAA Tournaments and won the 1997 National Championship. Arizona's Softball team has reached the NCAA National Championship game 12 times and has won 8 times, most recently in 2007. The university's swim teams have gained international recognition, with swimmers coming from as far as Japan and Africa to train with the coach Frank Busch who has also worked with the U.S. Olympic swim team for a number of years. Both men and women's swim teams recently[when?] won the NCAA National Championships.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: Wildcats

text: sports

text: teams

text: most

text: notably

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: basketball

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: softball

text: teams

text: have

text: strong

text: local

text: interest

text: The

text: men

text: 's

text: basketball

text: team

text: formerly

text: coached

text: by

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: head

text: coach

text: Lute

text: Olson

text: and

text: currently

text: coached

text: by

text: Sean

text: Miller

text: has

text: made

text: straight

text: NCAA

text: Tournaments

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: National

text: Championship

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: Softball

text: team

text: has

text: reached

text: the

text: NCAA

text: National

text: Championship

text: game

text: times

text: and

text: has

text: won

text: times

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: swim

text: teams

text: have

text: gained

text: international

text: recognition

text: with

text: swimmers

text: coming

text: from

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Japan

text: and

text: Africa

text: to

text: train

text: with

text: the

text: coach

text: Frank

text: Busch

text: who

text: has

text: also

text: worked

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: swim

text: team

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: years

text: Both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: swim

text: teams

text: recently[when

text: won

text: the

text: NCAA

text: National

text: Championships

question: How many times has the University of Arizona men's basketball team won NCAA tournaments?

answer: 25

question: How many times has the University of Arizona women's softball team gone to NCAA National Championships?

answer: 12

question: How many times has the University of Arizona women's softball team won NCAA National Championships?

answer: 8

question: Who coaches the University of Arizona's swim team?

answer: Frank Busch

text: Frank Busch

question: Who coaches the University of Arizona men's basketball team?

answer: Sean Miller

text: Sean Miller


text: In June 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a major speech in Detroit that foreshadowed his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. two months later. While the African-American Civil Rights Movement gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations between the police and inner city black youth wanting change. Longstanding tensions in Detroit culminated in the Twelfth Street riot in July 1967. Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan National Guard into Detroit, and President Johnson sent in U.S. Army troops. The result was 43 dead, 467 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, mostly in black residential and business areas. Thousands of small businesses closed permanently or relocated to safer neighborhoods. The affected district lay in ruins for decades. It was the most costly riot in the United States.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: In

text: June

text: Rev.

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: King

text: Jr.

text: gave

text: a

text: major

text: speech

text: in

text: Detroit

text: that

text: foreshadowed

text: his

text: I

text: Have

text: a

text: Dream

text: speech

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: two

text: months

text: later

text: While

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Movement

text: gained

text: significant

text: federal

text: civil

text: rights

text: laws

text: in

text: and

text: longstanding

text: inequities

text: resulted

text: in

text: confrontations

text: between

text: the

text: police

text: and

text: inner

text: city

text: black

text: youth

text: wanting

text: change

text: Longstanding

text: tensions

text: in

text: Detroit

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: Twelfth

text: Street

text: riot

text: in

text: July

text: Governor

text: George

text: W.

text: Romney

text: ordered

text: the

text: Michigan

text: National

text: Guard

text: into

text: Detroit

text: and

text: President

text: Johnson

text: sent

text: in

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: troops

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: dead

text: injured

text: over

text: arrests

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: buildings

text: destroyed

text: mostly

text: in

text: black

text: residential

text: and

text: business

text: areas

text: Thousands

text: of

text: small

text: businesses

text: closed

text: permanently

text: or

text: relocated

text: to

text: safer

text: neighborhoods

text: The

text: affected

text: district

text: lay

text: in

text: ruins

text: for

text: decades

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: costly

text: riot

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: In which year did Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech in Detroit?

answer: 1963

question: What is the name of the riot in Detroit in 1967?

answer: Twelfth Street riot

text: Twelfth Street riot

question: Who was the Governor of Michigan in 1967?

answer: George W. Romney

text: George W. Romney

question: Who was the President of the United States in 1967?

answer: President Johnson

text: President Johnson

question: How many people were killed in the Twelfth Street riots?

answer: 43


text: In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a "B-" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: Green

text: Power

text: Partnership

text: GPP

text: sponsored

text: by

text: the

text: EPA

text: listed

text: Northwestern

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: purchasing

text: energy

text: from

text: renewable

text: sources

text: The

text: university

text: matches

text: million

text: kilowatt

text: hours

text: kWh

text: of

text: its

text: annual

text: energy

text: use

text: with

text: Green

text: e

text: Certified

text: Renewable

text: Energy

text: Certificates

text: RECs

text: This

text: green

text: power

text: commitment

text: represents

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: total

text: annual

text: electricity

text: use

text: and

text: places

text: Northwestern

text: in

text: the

text: EPA

text: 's

text: Green

text: Power

text: Leadership

text: Club

text: The

text: Report

text: by

text: The

text: Sustainable

text: Endowments

text: Institute

text: awarded

text: Northwestern

text: a

text: B-

text: on

text: its

text: College

text: Sustainability

text: Report

text: Card

text: The

text: Initiative

text: for

text: Sustainability

text: and

text: Energy

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: ISEN

text: supporting

text: research

text: teaching

text: and

text: outreach

text: in

text: these

text: themes

text: was

text: launched

text: in

question: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy?

answer: Green Power Partnership

text: Green Power Partnership

question: How much of the university's total annual electric bill is represented by the green power commitment?

answer: 30 percent

text: 30 percent

question: What grade was given to Northwestern on the 2010 College Sustainability Report Card  by The Sustainable Endowments Institute?

answer: B-

text: B-

question: Which EPA club is Northwestern University included in?

answer: Green Power Leadership Club

text: Green Power Leadership Club

question: Who sponsored the Green Power Partnership?

answer: the EPA

text: the EPA


text: The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung. President Rhee's régime excluded communists and leftists from southern politics. Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: The

text: resultant

text: South

text: Korean

text: government

text: promulgated

text: a

text: national

text: political

text: constitution

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: elected

text: Syngman

text: Rhee

text: as

text: President

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: South

text: Korea

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: August

text: In

text: the

text: Russian

text: Korean

text: Zone

text: of

text: Occupation

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: established

text: a

text: Communist

text: North

text: Korean

text: government

text: led

text: by

text: Kim

text: Il

text: sung

text: President

text: Rhee

text: 's

text: régime

text: excluded

text: communists

text: and

text: leftists

text: from

text: southern

text: politics

text: Disenfranchised

text: they

text: headed

text: for

text: the

text: hills

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: guerrilla

text: war

text: against

text: the

text: US

text: sponsored

text: ROK

text: Government

question: When was South Korea's constitution created?

answer: 1948

question: Who was elected president of South Korea on July 20, 1948?

answer: Syngman Rhee

text: Syngman Rhee

question: What year was the Republic of Korea established?

answer: 1948

question: Who led the Russian Koran Zone of Occupation?

answer: Kim Il-sung

text: Kim Il-sung

question: What two groups were excluded from the South Korean political process?

answer: communists and leftists

text: communists and leftists


text: This is fortunate, since antennas at lower frequencies which are not rather large (a good fraction of a wavelength in size) are inevitably inefficient (due to the small radiation resistance Rr of small antennas). Most AM broadcast radios (except for car radios) take advantage of this principle by including a small loop antenna for reception which has an extremely poor efficiency. Using such an inefficient antenna at this low frequency (530–1650 kHz) thus has little effect on the receiver's net performance, but simply requires greater amplification by the receiver's electronics. Contrast this tiny component to the massive and very tall towers used at AM broadcast stations for transmitting at the very same frequency, where every percentage point of reduced antenna efficiency entails a substantial cost.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: This

text: is

text: fortunate

text: since

text: antennas

text: at

text: lower

text: frequencies

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: rather

text: large

text: a

text: good

text: fraction

text: of

text: a

text: wavelength

text: in

text: size

text: are

text: inevitably

text: inefficient

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: small

text: radiation

text: resistance

text: Rr

text: of

text: small

text: antennas

text: Most

text: AM

text: broadcast

text: radios

text: except

text: for

text: car

text: radios

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: this

text: principle

text: by

text: including

text: a

text: small

text: loop

text: antenna

text: for

text: reception

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: extremely

text: poor

text: efficiency

text: Using

text: such

text: an

text: inefficient

text: antenna

text: at

text: this

text: low

text: frequency

text: kHz

text: thus

text: has

text: little

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: receiver

text: 's

text: net

text: performance

text: but

text: simply

text: requires

text: greater

text: amplification

text: by

text: the

text: receiver

text: 's

text: electronics

text: Contrast

text: this

text: tiny

text: component

text: to

text: the

text: massive

text: and

text: very

text: tall

text: towers

text: used

text: at

text: AM

text: broadcast

text: stations

text: for

text: transmitting

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: same

text: frequency

text: where

text: every

text: percentage

text: point

text: of

text: reduced

text: antenna

text: efficiency

text: entails

text: a

text: substantial

text: cost

question: Small and minimal frequency antennas are know to be what?

answer: inefficient

text: inefficient

question: What is added to to increase ability for reception?

answer: small loop antenna

text: small loop antenna

question: How would this antenna rate in the greater scheme of things?

answer: little effect

text: little effect

question: When talking about much larger network what effect can reduced antenna effectiveness have?

answer: substantial cost

text: substantial cost


text: The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, or cloth. Within certain limits, the greater the water content, the greater its softening effect.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: The

text: general

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: content

text: upon

text: the

text: wood

text: substance

text: is

text: to

text: render

text: it

text: softer

text: and

text: more

text: pliable

text: A

text: similar

text: effect

text: of

text: common

text: observation

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: softening

text: action

text: of

text: water

text: on

text: rawhide

text: paper

text: or

text: cloth

text: Within

text: certain

text: limits

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: water

text: content

text: the

text: greater

text: its

text: softening

text: effect

question: Often the water in wood makes it more pliable and what else?

answer: softer

text: softer

question: What material sometimes used for dog chews reacts similarly to wood because of its water content?

answer: rawhide

text: rawhide

question: What material we use to write or print on, like wood, becomes softer and more pliable when wet?

answer: paper

text: paper

question: When water content increases within certain limits in wood, does is have a less or greater softening effect?

answer: greater

text: greater

question: What type of action does water create in cloth?

answer: softening

text: softening


text: The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: timing

text: of

text: migration

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: controlled

text: primarily

text: by

text: changes

text: in

text: day

text: length

text: Migrating

text: birds

text: navigate

text: using

text: celestial

text: cues

text: from

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: stars

text: the

text: earth

text: 's

text: magnetic

text: field

text: and

text: probably

text: also

text: mental

text: maps

question: What causes the timing of migration?

answer: changes in day length

text: changes in day length

question: How do migrating birds navigate?

answer: celestial cues from the sun and stars

text: celestial cues from the sun and stars

question: How else to migrating birds navigate?

answer: the earth's magnetic field

text: the earth's magnetic field

question: What might help migrating birds navigate?

answer: mental maps

text: mental maps


text: The word "animal" comes from the Latin animalis, meaning having breath, having soul or living being. In everyday non-scientific usage the word excludes humans – that is, "animal" is often used to refer only to non-human members of the kingdom Animalia; often, only closer relatives of humans such as mammals, or mammals and other vertebrates, are meant. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia, encompassing creatures as diverse as sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: The

text: word

text: animal

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: animalis

text: meaning

text: having

text: breath

text: having

text: soul

text: or

text: living

text: being

text: In

text: everyday

text: non

text: scientific

text: usage

text: the

text: word

text: excludes

text: humans

text: that

text: is

text: animal

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: only

text: to

text: non

text: human

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: often

text: only

text: closer

text: relatives

text: of

text: humans

text: such

text: as

text: mammals

text: or

text: mammals

text: and

text: other

text: vertebrates

text: are

text: meant

text: The

text: biological

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: refers

text: to

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: encompassing

text: creatures

text: as

text: diverse

text: as

text: sponges

text: jellyfish

text: insects

text: and

text: humans

question: Where does the word animal come from?

answer: Latin animalis

text: Latin animalis

question: What does the Latin word animalis mean?

answer: having breath, having soul or living being

text: having breath, having soul or living being

question: The word animal is usually only used to refer to what?

answer: non-human members of the kingdom Animalia

text: non-human members of the kingdom Animalia

question: The biological definition of the word animal refers to all member of what kingdom?

answer: Animalia

text: Animalia

question: What are some of the creatures included in the kingdom of Animalia?

answer: sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans

text: sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans


text: The Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America and of Patagonia in South America. By domesticating horses, some tribes had great success: horses enabled them to expand their territories, exchange more goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture game, especially bison.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: and

text: other

text: Europeans

text: brought

text: horses

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: animals

text: escaped

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: breed

text: and

text: increase

text: their

text: numbers

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: The

text: re

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: horse

text: extinct

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: for

text: over

text: years

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: impact

text: on

text: Native

text: American

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: of

text: Patagonia

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: By

text: domesticating

text: horses

text: some

text: tribes

text: had

text: great

text: success

text: horses

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: expand

text: their

text: territories

text: exchange

text: more

text: goods

text: with

text: neighboring

text: tribes

text: and

text: more

text: easily

text: capture

text: game

text: especially

text: bison

question: What Empire brought horses to the Americas?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: What kind of impact did the re-emergence of horses have on some Native American cultures?

answer: profound

text: profound

question: How long had horses been extinct in the Americas prior to their re-introduction?

answer: 7500 years

text: 7500 years

question: What did some tribes achieve by domesticating horses?

answer: great success

text: great success

question: What enabled some tribes to expand territory, increase trade and capture more game?

answer: horses

text: horses


text: However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from the actual MP3 frame data. MP3 decoders either extract information from the tags, or just treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: However

text: several

text: de

text: facto

text: standards

text: for

text: tag

text: formats

text: exist

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: are

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: recently

text: introduced

text: These

text: tags

text: are

text: normally

text: embedded

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: or

text: end

text: of

text: files

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: actual

text: frame

text: data

text: decoders

text: either

text: extract

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: tags

text: or

text: just

text: treat

text: them

text: as

text: ignorable

text: non

text: junk

text: data

question: Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists?

answer: ID3v2

question: What is the most recently introduced standard for tag formatting?

answer: APEv2

question: What is the second place in a file that tags are normally stored, with the first being at the beginning?

answer: end

text: end

question: What is important to note about where the tags are stored?

answer: separate from the actual MP3 frame data

text: separate from the actual MP3 frame data

question: If the MP3 decoders do not extract information from the tags, what do they do to them?

answer: treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data

text: treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data


text: At Live Aid, held at Wembley on 13 July 1985, in front of the biggest-ever TV audience of 1.9 billion, Queen performed some of their greatest hits, during which the sold-out stadium audience of 72,000 people clapped, sang, and swayed in unison. The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show. An industry poll in 2005 ranked it the greatest rock performance of all time. Mercury's powerful, sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as "The Note Heard Round the World".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: At

text: Live

text: Aid

text: held

text: at

text: Wembley

text: on

text: July

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: ever

text: TV

text: audience

text: of

text: billion

text: Queen

text: performed

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: greatest

text: hits

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: sold

text: out

text: stadium

text: audience

text: of

text: people

text: clapped

text: sang

text: and

text: swayed

text: in

text: unison

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: organisers

text: Bob

text: Geldof

text: and

text: Midge

text: Ure

text: other

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Elton

text: John

text: Cliff

text: Richard

text: and

text: Dave

text: Grohl

text: and

text: music

text: journalists

text: writing

text: for

text: the

text: BBC

text: CNN

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: MTV

text: The

text: Telegraph

text: among

text: others

text: stated

text: that

text: Queen

text: stole

text: the

text: show

text: An

text: industry

text: poll

text: in

text: ranked

text: it

text: the

text: greatest

text: rock

text: performance

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: powerful

text: sustained

text: note

text: during

text: the

text: a

text: cappella

text: section

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Note

text: Heard

text: Round

text: the

text: World

question: What date was Live Aid?

answer: 13 July 1985

text: 13 July 1985

question: Where was Live Aid held?

answer: Wembley

text: Wembley

question: How big was Live Aid's TV audience?

answer: 1.9 billion

text: 1.9 billion

question: How long was Live Aid's stadium audience?

answer: 72,000

question: Who organized Live Aid?

answer: Bob Geldof and Midge Ure

text: Bob Geldof and Midge Ure


text: However, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: "Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than physical stealing of assets". The primary obstacle to effective eradication of cyber crime could be traced to excessive reliance on firewalls and other automated "detection" systems. Yet it is basic evidence gathering by using packet capture appliances that puts criminals behind bars.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: However

text: relatively

text: few

text: organisations

text: maintain

text: computer

text: systems

text: with

text: effective

text: detection

text: systems

text: and

text: fewer

text: still

text: have

text: organised

text: response

text: mechanisms

text: in

text: place

text: As

text: result

text: as

text: Reuters

text: points

text: out

text: Companies

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: report

text: they

text: are

text: losing

text: more

text: through

text: electronic

text: theft

text: of

text: data

text: than

text: physical

text: stealing

text: of

text: assets

text: The

text: primary

text: obstacle

text: to

text: effective

text: eradication

text: of

text: cyber

text: crime

text: could

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: excessive

text: reliance

text: on

text: firewalls

text: and

text: other

text: automated

text: detection

text: systems

text: Yet

text: it

text: is

text: basic

text: evidence

text: gathering

text: by

text: using

text: packet

text: capture

text: appliances

text: that

text: puts

text: criminals

text: behind

text: bars

question: How many organisations are estimated to maintain computer systems with effective detection systems?

answer: relatively few

text: relatively few

question: What is the basic evidence gathered by that puts criminals behind bars?

answer: packet capture appliances

text: packet capture appliances

question: The primary obstacle to the eradication of cyber crime is the excessive reliance on what?

answer: firewalls and other automated "detection" systems

text: firewalls and other automated "detection" systems

question: What is the source of the quote?

answer: Reuters

text: Reuters

question: Electronic theft of data is causing more loss than what?

answer: physical stealing of assets

text: physical stealing of assets


text: The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously. The United States regards Israel as its "most reliable partner in the Middle East," based on "common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process. The United States and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The United States has provided $68 billion in military assistance and $32 billion in grants to Israel since 1967, under the Foreign Assistance Act (period beginning 1962), more than any other country for that period until 2003.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: countries

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: having

text: declared

text: recognition

text: roughly

text: simultaneously

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: regards

text: Israel

text: as

text: its

text: most

text: reliable

text: partner

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: based

text: on

text: common

text: democratic

text: values

text: religious

text: affinities

text: and

text: security

text: interests

text: Their

text: bilateral

text: relations

text: are

text: multidimensional

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: proponent

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: peace

text: process

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Israeli

text: views

text: differ

text: on

text: some

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: settlements

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: provided

text: billion

text: in

text: military

text: assistance

text: and

text: billion

text: in

text: grants

text: to

text: Israel

text: since

text: under

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Assistance

text: Act

text: period

text: beginning

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: country

text: for

text: that

text: period

text: until

question: Who were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel?

answer: United States and the Soviet Union

text: United States and the Soviet Union

question: Who regards Israel as it's most reliable partner in the Middle East?

answer: The United States

text: The United States

question: How much did the United States provide in military assistance?

answer: $68 billion

text: $68 billion


text: The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. The second and third best selling were Enbrel and Remicade, respectively. The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abilify ($6.3 billion,) Nexium ($6 billion) and Humira ($5.4 billion). The best-selling drug ever, Lipitor, averaged $13 billion annually and netted $141 billion total over its lifetime before Pfizer's patent expired in November 2011.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: The

text: top

text: ten

text: best

text: selling

text: drugs

text: of

text: totaled

text: billion

text: in

text: sales

text: with

text: the

text: anti

text: inflammatory

text: drug

text: Humira

text: being

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: drug

text: worldwide

text: at

text: billion

text: in

text: sales

text: The

text: second

text: and

text: third

text: best

text: selling

text: were

text: Enbrel

text: and

text: Remicade

text: respectively

text: The

text: top

text: three

text: best

text: selling

text: drugs

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: were

text: Abilify

text: billion

text: Nexium

text: billion

text: and

text: Humira

text: billion

text: The

text: best

text: selling

text: drug

text: ever

text: Lipitor

text: averaged

text: billion

text: annually

text: and

text: netted

text: billion

text: total

text: over

text: its

text: lifetime

text: before

text: Pfizer

text: 's

text: patent

text: expired

text: in

text: November

question: How much money did the top ten bestselling drugs make in 2013?

answer: $75.6 billion

text: $75.6 billion

question: What was the name of the top-selling anti-inflammatory drug in 2013?

answer: Humira

text: Humira

question: What was the bestselling drug in history?

answer: Lipitor

text: Lipitor

question: How much money did Lipitor make before the patent expired?

answer: $141 billion

text: $141 billion

question: In what year did Pfizer's patent over Lipitor expire?

answer: 2011


text: In 1961, Nasser sought to firmly establish Egypt as the leader of the Arab world and to promote a second revolution in Egypt with the purpose of merging Islamic and socialist thinking. To achieve this, he initiated several reforms to modernize al-Azhar, which serves as the de facto leading authority in Sunni Islam, and to ensure its prominence over the Muslim Brotherhood and the more conservative Wahhabism promoted by Saudi Arabia. Nasser had used al-Azhar's most willing ulema (scholars) as a counterweight to the Brotherhood's Islamic influence, starting in 1953.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: Nasser

text: sought

text: to

text: firmly

text: establish

text: Egypt

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: and

text: to

text: promote

text: a

text: second

text: revolution

text: in

text: Egypt

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: merging

text: Islamic

text: and

text: socialist

text: thinking

text: To

text: achieve

text: this

text: he

text: initiated

text: several

text: reforms

text: to

text: modernize

text: al

text: Azhar

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: leading

text: authority

text: in

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: and

text: to

text: ensure

text: its

text: prominence

text: over

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: conservative

text: Wahhabism

text: promoted

text: by

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Nasser

text: had

text: used

text: al

text: Azhar

text: 's

text: most

text: willing

text: ulema

text: scholars

text: as

text: a

text: counterweight

text: to

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: 's

text: Islamic

text: influence

text: starting

text: in

question: What country did Nasser want to be the leader of the Arab world?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What two disparate ideologies was Nasser trying to unite?

answer: Islamic and socialist

text: Islamic and socialist

question: What religious group did Nasser endeavor to reform?

answer: al-Azhar

text: al-Azhar

question: What religious group was Nasser seeking to marginalize?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood


text: Montevideo has over 50 hotels, mostly located within the downtown area or along the beachfront of the Rambla de Montevideo. Many of the hotels are in the modern, western style, such as the Sheraton Montevideo, the Radisson Montevideo Victoria Plaza Hotel located on the central Plaza Independencia, and the Plaza Fuerte Hotel on the waterfront. The Sheraton has 207 guest rooms and 10 suites and is luxuriously furnished with imported furniture. The Radisson Montevideo has 232 rooms and contains a casino and is served by the Restaurante Arcadia.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Montevideo

text: has

text: over

text: hotels

text: mostly

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: or

text: along

text: the

text: beachfront

text: of

text: the

text: Rambla

text: de

text: Montevideo

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: hotels

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: western

text: style

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Sheraton

text: Montevideo

text: the

text: Radisson

text: Montevideo

text: Victoria

text: Plaza

text: Hotel

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: central

text: Plaza

text: Independencia

text: and

text: the

text: Plaza

text: Fuerte

text: Hotel

text: on

text: the

text: waterfront

text: The

text: Sheraton

text: has

text: guest

text: rooms

text: and

text: suites

text: and

text: is

text: luxuriously

text: furnished

text: with

text: imported

text: furniture

text: The

text: Radisson

text: Montevideo

text: has

text: rooms

text: and

text: contains

text: a

text: casino

text: and

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: Restaurante

text: Arcadia

question: How many guest rooms does the Sheraton have?

answer: 207

question: How many suites does the Sheraton have?

answer: 10

question: How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have?

answer: 232


text: In 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byzantine fleet was occupied with the Arabs in the Mediterranean, and the bulk of its army was stationed in the east. The Rus’ burned towns, churches, and monasteries, butchering the people and amassing booty. The emperor arranged for a small group of retired ships to be outfitted with Greek fire throwers and sent them out to meet the Rus’, luring them into surrounding the contingent before unleashing the Greek fire. Liutprand of Cremona wrote that "the Rus', seeing the flames, jumped overboard, preferring water to fire. Some sank, weighed down by the weight of their breastplates and helmets; others caught fire." Those captured were beheaded. The ploy dispelled the Rus’ fleet, but their attacks continued into the hinterland as far as Nicomedia, with many atrocities reported as victims were crucified and set up for use as targets. At last a Byzantine army arrived from the Balkans to drive the Rus' back, and a naval contingent reportedly destroyed much of the Rus' fleet on its return voyage (possibly an exaggeration since the Rus' soon mounted another attack). The outcome indicates increased military might by Byzantium since 911, suggesting a shift in the balance of power.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: In

text: Igor

text: led

text: another

text: major

text: Rus

text: attack

text: on

text: Constantinople

text: probably

text: over

text: trading

text: rights

text: again

text: A

text: navy

text: of

text: vessels

text: including

text: Pecheneg

text: allies

text: landed

text: on

text: the

text: Bithynian

text: coast

text: and

text: devastated

text: the

text: Asiatic

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: The

text: attack

text: was

text: well

text: timed

text: perhaps

text: due

text: to

text: intelligence

text: as

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: fleet

text: was

text: occupied

text: with

text: the

text: Arabs

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: its

text: army

text: was

text: stationed

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: Rus’

text: burned

text: towns

text: churches

text: and

text: monasteries

text: butchering

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: amassing

text: booty

text: The

text: emperor

text: arranged

text: for

text: a

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: retired

text: ships

text: to

text: be

text: outfitted

text: with

text: Greek

text: fire

text: throwers

text: and

text: sent

text: them

text: out

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: Rus’

text: luring

text: them

text: into

text: surrounding

text: the

text: contingent

text: before

text: unleashing

text: the

text: Greek

text: fire

text: Liutprand

text: of

text: Cremona

text: wrote

text: that

text: the

text: Rus

text: seeing

text: the

text: flames

text: jumped

text: overboard

text: preferring

text: water

text: to

text: fire

text: Some

text: sank

text: weighed

text: down

text: by

text: the

text: weight

text: of

text: their

text: breastplates

text: and

text: helmets

text: others

text: caught

text: fire

text: Those

text: captured

text: were

text: beheaded

text: The

text: ploy

text: dispelled

text: the

text: Rus’

text: fleet

text: but

text: their

text: attacks

text: continued

text: into

text: the

text: hinterland

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Nicomedia

text: with

text: many

text: atrocities

text: reported

text: as

text: victims

text: were

text: crucified

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: targets

text: At

text: last

text: a

text: Byzantine

text: army

text: arrived

text: from

text: the

text: Balkans

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: Rus

text: back

text: and

text: a

text: naval

text: contingent

text: reportedly

text: destroyed

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Rus

text: fleet

text: on

text: its

text: return

text: voyage

text: possibly

text: an

text: exaggeration

text: since

text: the

text: Rus

text: soon

text: mounted

text: another

text: attack

text: The

text: outcome

text: indicates

text: increased

text: military

text: might

text: by

text: Byzantium

text: since

text: suggesting

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

question: What year did Igot led a Rus attack on Constantinople?

answer: 941

question: Why did the attack by the Rus go so well on the coast at the start?

answer: Byzantine fleet was occupied with the Arabs

text: Byzantine fleet was occupied with the Arabs

question: What did the emperor of Byzatine do to some of the old retired ships to help fight the Rus?

answer: outfitted with Greek fire throwers

text: outfitted with Greek fire throwers

question: How large was the fleet that attacked the Bithynian coast along with the Pecheneg allies?

answer: 10,000 vessels

text: 10,000 vessels


text: On December 2009, Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3, the $777 million (7-year 1-cent tax) initiative, which will include funding (appx $130M) for an estimated 5-to-6-mile (8.0 to 9.7 km) modern streetcar in downtown Oklahoma City and the establishment of a transit hub. It is believed the streetcar would begin construction in 2014 and be in operation around 2017.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: On

text: December

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: voters

text: passed

text: MAPS

text: the

text: million

text: tax

text: initiative

text: which

text: will

text: include

text: funding

text: appx

text: M

text: for

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: km

text: modern

text: streetcar

text: in

text: downtown

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: transit

text: hub

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: the

text: streetcar

text: would

text: begin

text: construction

text: in

text: and

text: be

text: in

text: operation

text: around

question: When was MAPS 3 passed?

answer: December 2009

text: December 2009

question: How much will MAPS 3 cost?

answer: $777 million

text: $777 million

question: What year should the streetcar become operable?

answer: 2017


text: There are dozens of other chemical neurotransmitters that are used in more limited areas of the brain, often areas dedicated to a particular function. Serotonin, for example—the primary target of antidepressant drugs and many dietary aids—comes exclusively from a small brainstem area called the Raphe nuclei. Norepinephrine, which is involved in arousal, comes exclusively from a nearby small area called the locus coeruleus. Other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine have multiple sources in the brain, but are not as ubiquitously distributed as glutamate and GABA.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: There

text: are

text: dozens

text: of

text: other

text: chemical

text: neurotransmitters

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: more

text: limited

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: often

text: areas

text: dedicated

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: function

text: Serotonin

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: primary

text: target

text: of

text: antidepressant

text: drugs

text: and

text: many

text: dietary

text: aids

text: comes

text: exclusively

text: from

text: a

text: small

text: brainstem

text: area

text: called

text: the

text: Raphe

text: nuclei

text: Norepinephrine

text: which

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: arousal

text: comes

text: exclusively

text: from

text: a

text: nearby

text: small

text: area

text: called

text: the

text: locus

text: coeruleus

text: Other

text: neurotransmitters

text: such

text: as

text: acetylcholine

text: and

text: dopamine

text: have

text: multiple

text: sources

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: ubiquitously

text: distributed

text: as

text: glutamate

text: and

text: GABA

question: Serotonin comes from what part of the brain?

answer: Raphe nuclei

text: Raphe nuclei

question: Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain?

answer: Serotonin

text: Serotonin

question: Which chemical of the brain is involved with arousal?

answer: Norepinephrine

text: Norepinephrine

question: Norepinephrine comes from an area of the brain known as what?

answer: locus coeruleus

text: locus coeruleus