text: CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs were the same as CD-Vs, but without the audio CD tracks. CD-Vs were somewhat popular for a brief time worldwide, but soon faded from view. VSDs were popular only in Japan and other parts of Asia, and were never fully introduced to the rest of the world.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: CD

text: Vs

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Video

text: CDs

text: which

text: are

text: all

text: digital

text: and

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: VCD

text: players

text: DVD

text: players

text: CD

text: i

text: players

text: computers

text: and

text: later

text: model

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: DVL

text: series

text: from

text: Pioneer

text: that

text: can

text: also

text: play

text: DVDs

text: CD

text: Vs

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: played

text: back

text: on

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: with

text: CD

text: V

text: capability

text: VSDs

text: were

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: CD

text: Vs

text: but

text: without

text: the

text: audio

text: CD

text: tracks

text: CD

text: Vs

text: were

text: somewhat

text: popular

text: for

text: a

text: brief

text: time

text: worldwide

text: but

text: soon

text: faded

text: from

text: view

text: VSDs

text: were

text: popular

text: only

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Asia

text: and

text: were

text: never

text: fully

text: introduced

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included?

answer: audio CD tracks

text: audio CD tracks

question: In what areas of the world were VSDs popular?

answer: only in Japan and other parts of Asia

text: only in Japan and other parts of Asia

question: Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players?

answer: VSDs

text: VSDs


text: There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: There

text: are

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: official

text: Laws

text: of

text: the

text: Game

text: each

text: containing

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: stipulation

text: and

text: guidelines

text: The

text: same

text: laws

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: all

text: levels

text: of

text: football

text: although

text: certain

text: modifications

text: for

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: juniors

text: seniors

text: women

text: and

text: people

text: with

text: physical

text: disabilities

text: are

text: permitted

text: The

text: laws

text: are

text: often

text: framed

text: in

text: broad

text: terms

text: which

text: allow

text: flexibility

text: in

text: their

text: application

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: The

text: Laws

text: of

text: the

text: Game

text: are

text: published

text: by

text: FIFA

text: but

text: are

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Football

text: Association

text: Board

text: IFAB

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: seventeen

text: laws

text: numerous

text: IFAB

text: decisions

text: and

text: other

text: directives

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: football

question: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?

answer: 17

question: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?

answer: International Football Association Board (IFAB)

text: International Football Association Board (IFAB)

question: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?

answer: flexibility

text: flexibility

question: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?

answer: FIFA

text: FIFA


text: After Austerlitz, Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806. A collection of German states intended to serve as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe, the creation of the Confederation spelled the end of the Holy Roman Empire and significantly alarmed the Prussians. The brazen reorganization of German territory by the French risked threatening Prussian influence in the region, if not eliminating it outright. War fever in Berlin rose steadily throughout the summer of 1806. At the insistence of his court, especially his wife Queen Louise, Frederick William III decided to challenge the French domination of Central Europe by going to war.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: After

text: Austerlitz

text: Napoleon

text: established

text: the

text: Confederation

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: in

text: A

text: collection

text: of

text: German

text: states

text: intended

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: buffer

text: zone

text: between

text: France

text: and

text: Central

text: Europe

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: spelled

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: significantly

text: alarmed

text: the

text: Prussians

text: The

text: brazen

text: reorganization

text: of

text: German

text: territory

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: risked

text: threatening

text: Prussian

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: if

text: not

text: eliminating

text: it

text: outright

text: War

text: fever

text: in

text: Berlin

text: rose

text: steadily

text: throughout

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: At

text: the

text: insistence

text: of

text: his

text: court

text: especially

text: his

text: wife

text: Queen

text: Louise

text: Frederick

text: William

text: III

text: decided

text: to

text: challenge

text: the

text: French

text: domination

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: by

text: going

text: to

text: war

question: What is the name of the political body composed of German states established by Napoleon in 1806?

answer: the Confederation of the Rhine

text: the Confederation of the Rhine

question: When was the Confederation of the Rhine formed?

answer: 1806

question: The existence of the Confederation of the Rhine brought about the end of which imperial power?

answer: the Holy Roman Empire

text: the Holy Roman Empire

question: Which Prussian ruler chose to go to war with France for control of Central Europe?

answer: Frederick William III

text: Frederick William III

question: What other royal figure strongly influenced Frederick William III's decision to go to war with France?

answer: Queen Louise

text: Queen Louise


text: The Norfolk Island Group Nepean Island is also home to breeding seabirds. The providence petrel was hunted to local extinction by the beginning of the 19th century, but has shown signs of returning to breed on Phillip Island. Other seabirds breeding there include the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, Australasian gannet, red-tailed tropicbird and grey ternlet. The sooty tern (known locally as the whale bird) has traditionally been subject to seasonal egg harvesting by Norfolk Islanders.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: The

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: Group

text: Nepean

text: Island

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: breeding

text: seabirds

text: The

text: providence

text: petrel

text: was

text: hunted

text: to

text: local

text: extinction

text: by

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: has

text: shown

text: signs

text: of

text: returning

text: to

text: breed

text: on

text: Phillip

text: Island

text: Other

text: seabirds

text: breeding

text: there

text: include

text: the

text: white

text: necked

text: petrel

text: Kermadec

text: petrel

text: wedge

text: tailed

text: shearwater

text: Australasian

text: gannet

text: red

text: tailed

text: tropicbird

text: and

text: grey

text: ternlet

text: The

text: sooty

text: tern

text: known

text: locally

text: as

text: the

text: whale

text: bird

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: subject

text: to

text: seasonal

text: egg

text: harvesting

text: by

text: Norfolk

text: Islanders

question: What island in the Norfolk Island Group is home to breeding seabirds?

answer: Nepean Island

text: Nepean Island

question: What near extinct bird of Norfolk Island has shown signs of population increase?

answer: The providence petrel

text: The providence petrel

question: Where has the providence petrel been seen breeding on Norfolk Island?

answer: Phillip Island

text: Phillip Island

question: What other types of petrels breed on Phillip Island?

answer: the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel

text: the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel

question: What is the sooty tern known as on Norfolk Island?

answer: the whale bird

text: the whale bird


text: One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christmas lights. In cold climates, LED traffic lights may remain snow-covered. Red or yellow LEDs are used in indicator and alphanumeric displays in environments where night vision must be retained: aircraft cockpits, submarine and ship bridges, astronomy observatories, and in the field, e.g. night time animal watching and military field use.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: One

text: color

text: light

text: is

text: well

text: suited

text: for

text: traffic

text: lights

text: and

text: signals

text: exit

text: signs

text: emergency

text: vehicle

text: lighting

text: ships

text: navigation

text: lights

text: or

text: lanterns

text: chromacity

text: and

text: luminance

text: standards

text: being

text: set

text: under

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: the

text: International

text: Regulations

text: for

text: Preventing

text: Collisions

text: at

text: Sea

text: Annex

text: I

text: and

text: the

text: CIE

text: and

text: LED

text: based

text: Christmas

text: lights

text: In

text: cold

text: climates

text: LED

text: traffic

text: lights

text: may

text: remain

text: snow

text: covered

text: Red

text: or

text: yellow

text: LEDs

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: indicator

text: and

text: alphanumeric

text: displays

text: in

text: environments

text: where

text: night

text: vision

text: must

text: be

text: retained

text: aircraft

text: cockpits

text: submarine

text: and

text: ship

text: bridges

text: astronomy

text: observatories

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: e.g.

text: night

text: time

text: animal

text: watching

text: and

text: military

text: field

text: use

question: What type of light is ideal for traffic signals?

answer: One-color light

text: One-color light

question: In what year were luminescence standards set?

answer: 1972

question: What color LEDs are used when night vision is important?

answer: Red or yellow

text: Red or yellow

question: What is an example of a night vision needed area?

answer: astronomy observatories

text: astronomy observatories

question: What is another use for one-color light?

answer: exit signs

text: exit signs


text: The air offensive against the RAF and British industry failed to have the desired effect. More might have been achieved had the OKL exploited their enemy's weak spot, the vulnerability of British sea communications. The Allies did so later when Bomber Command attacked rail communications and the United States Army Air Forces targeted oil, but that would have required an economic-industrial analysis of which the Luftwaffe was incapable. The OKL instead sought clusters of targets that suited the latest policy (which changed frequently), and disputes within the leadership were about tactics rather than strategy. Though militarily ineffective, the Blitz caused enormous damage to Britain's infrastructure and housing stock. It cost around 41,000 lives, and may have injured another 139,000.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: air

text: offensive

text: against

text: the

text: RAF

text: and

text: British

text: industry

text: failed

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: desired

text: effect

text: More

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: achieved

text: had

text: the

text: OKL

text: exploited

text: their

text: enemy

text: 's

text: weak

text: spot

text: the

text: vulnerability

text: of

text: British

text: sea

text: communications

text: The

text: Allies

text: did

text: so

text: later

text: when

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: attacked

text: rail

text: communications

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: targeted

text: oil

text: but

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: required

text: an

text: economic

text: industrial

text: analysis

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: was

text: incapable

text: The

text: OKL

text: instead

text: sought

text: clusters

text: of

text: targets

text: that

text: suited

text: the

text: latest

text: policy

text: which

text: changed

text: frequently

text: and

text: disputes

text: within

text: the

text: leadership

text: were

text: about

text: tactics

text: rather

text: than

text: strategy

text: Though

text: militarily

text: ineffective

text: the

text: Blitz

text: caused

text: enormous

text: damage

text: to

text: Britain

text: 's

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: housing

text: stock

text: It

text: cost

text: around

text: lives

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: injured

text: another

question: How could have more been achieved in the air offensive?

answer: had the OKL exploited their enemy's weak spot

text: had the OKL exploited their enemy's weak spot

question: What did the disputes in the OKL tend to be about?

answer: about tactics rather than strategy

text: about tactics rather than strategy

question: What was the Luftwaffe incapable of doing?

answer: an economic-industrial analysis

text: an economic-industrial analysis

question: How many casualties did the Blitz ultimately cause?

answer: cost around 41,000 lives, and may have injured another 139,000

text: cost around 41,000 lives, and may have injured another 139,000


text: There is no cure for asthma. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting beta agonists (LABA) or antileukotriene agents may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled. Treatment of rapidly worsening symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids taken by mouth. In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: cure

text: for

text: asthma

text: Symptoms

text: can

text: be

text: prevented

text: by

text: avoiding

text: triggers

text: such

text: as

text: allergens

text: and

text: irritants

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: inhaled

text: corticosteroids

text: Long

text: acting

text: beta

text: agonists

text: LABA

text: or

text: antileukotriene

text: agents

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: inhaled

text: corticosteroids

text: if

text: asthma

text: symptoms

text: remain

text: uncontrolled

text: Treatment

text: of

text: rapidly

text: worsening

text: symptoms

text: is

text: usually

text: with

text: an

text: inhaled

text: short

text: acting

text: agonist

text: such

text: as

text: salbutamol

text: and

text: corticosteroids

text: taken

text: by

text: mouth

text: In

text: very

text: severe

text: cases

text: intravenous

text: corticosteroids

text: magnesium

text: sulfate

text: and

text: hospitalization

text: may

text: be

text: required

question: Is there a cure for asthma?

answer: There is no cure for asthma

text: There is no cure for asthma

question: How can symptoms be prevented?

answer: by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids

text: by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids

question: What is taken by mouth to treat rapidly worsening symptoms?

answer: an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids

text: an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids

question: What happens in very severe cases of asthma?

answer: intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required

text: intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required


text: In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: In

text: Queen

text: entered

text: discussions

text: with

text: Trident

text: Studios

text: after

text: being

text: spotted

text: at

text: De

text: La

text: Lane

text: Studios

text: by

text: John

text: Anthony

text: and

text: after

text: discussions

text: were

text: offered

text: a

text: management

text: deal

text: by

text: Norman

text: Sheffield

text: under

text: Neptune

text: Productions

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Trident

text: to

text: manage

text: the

text: band

text: and

text: enable

text: them

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: facilities

text: at

text: Trident

text: to

text: record

text: new

text: material

text: whilst

text: the

text: management

text: search

text: for

text: a

text: record

text: label

text: to

text: sign

text: Queen

text: This

text: suited

text: both

text: parties

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: Trident

text: were

text: expanding

text: into

text: management

text: and

text: Queen

text: under

text: the

text: deal

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: hi

text: tech

text: recording

text: facilities

text: shared

text: by

text: bands

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Beatles

text: and

text: Elton

text: John

text: to

text: produce

text: new

text: material

text: However

text: Trident

text: found

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: label

text: for

text: a

text: band

text: bearing

text: a

text: name

text: with

text: such

text: connotation

text: during

text: the

text: early

question: Who offered Queen a management deal in 1972?

answer: Norman Sheffield

text: Norman Sheffield

question: Which singer used Trident studios in addition to Queen and the Beatles?

answer: Elton John

text: Elton John

question: What was the name of Trident's subsidiary?

answer: Neptune Productions

text: Neptune Productions

question: Where was Queen spotted before entering discussions with Trident?

answer: De La Lane Studios

text: De La Lane Studios

question: In what year did Queen enter discussions with Trident studios?

answer: 1972


text: The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division "does not forcibly reflect geography" but "refers to the execution of regional activities." The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: formulates

text: multiple

text: regional

text: divisions

text: as

text: is

text: convenient

text: for

text: its

text: various

text: operations

text: But

text: few

text: of

text: them

text: include

text: a

text: Near

text: East

text: and

text: that

text: poorly

text: defined

text: UNICEF

text: recognizes

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: region

text: where

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: includes

text: Iran

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: UNESCO

text: recognizes

text: neither

text: a

text: Near

text: East

text: nor

text: a

text: Middle

text: East

text: dividing

text: the

text: countries

text: instead

text: among

text: three

text: regions

text: Arab

text: States

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Africa

text: Its

text: division

text: does

text: not

text: forcibly

text: reflect

text: geography

text: but

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: regional

text: activities

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Statistics

text: Division

text: defines

text: Western

text: Asia

text: to

text: contain

text: the

text: countries

text: included

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: Food

text: and

text: Agriculture

text: Organization

text: FAO

text: describes

text: its

text: entire

text: theatre

text: of

text: operations

text: as

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: but

text: then

text: assigns

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: to

text: other

text: regions

text: as

text: well

text: for

text: example

text: Cyprus

text: Malta

text: and

text: Turkey

text: are

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: European

text: and

text: the

text: Near

text: Eastern

text: regions

text: Its

text: total

text: area

text: extends

text: further

text: into

text: Central

text: Asia

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: most

text: agencies

question: Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations?

answer: The United Nations

text: The United Nations

question: Who recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region?

answer: UNICEF

text: UNICEF

question: The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain what?

answer: the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East

text: the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East

question: The Food and Agriculture Organization describes its entire theater of operations as what?

answer: the Near East

text: the Near East


text: Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. Bobojon Ghafurov, Tajikistan's First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956 was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of the country during the Soviet Era. He was followed in office by Tursun Uljabayev (1956–61), Jabbor Rasulov (1961–1982), and Rahmon Nabiyev (1982–1985, 1991–1992).

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Two

text: rounds

text: of

text: Soviet

text: purges

text: directed

text: by

text: Moscow

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: nearly

text: people

text: from

text: all

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: Ethnic

text: Russians

text: were

text: sent

text: in

text: to

text: replace

text: those

text: expelled

text: and

text: subsequently

text: Russians

text: dominated

text: party

text: positions

text: at

text: all

text: levels

text: including

text: the

text: top

text: position

text: of

text: first

text: secretary

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: Russians

text: among

text: Tajikistan

text: 's

text: population

text: grew

text: from

text: less

text: than

text: to

text: Bobojon

text: Ghafurov

text: Tajikistan

text: 's

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: from

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: Tajikistani

text: politician

text: of

text: significance

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: during

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Era

text: He

text: was

text: followed

text: in

text: office

text: by

text: Tursun

text: Uljabayev

text: Jabbor

text: Rasulov

text: and

text: Rahmon

text: Nabiyev

question: Who directed the purges of Soviets?

answer: Moscow

text: Moscow

question: How many people were expelled??

answer: nearly 10,000 people

text: nearly 10,000 people

question: Who were sent to replace the expelled positions?

answer: Ethnic Russians

text: Ethnic Russians

question: What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959?

answer: grew from less than 1% to 13%

text: grew from less than 1% to 13%

question: What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced?

answer: subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary

text: subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary


text: The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: has

text: been

text: criticized

text: on

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: grounds

text: including

text: alleged

text: ideological

text: biases

text: towards

text: egalitarianism

text: and

text: so

text: called

text: Western

text: models

text: of

text: development

text: failure

text: to

text: include

text: any

text: ecological

text: considerations

text: lack

text: of

text: consideration

text: of

text: technological

text: development

text: or

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: civilization

text: focusing

text: exclusively

text: on

text: national

text: performance

text: and

text: ranking

text: lack

text: of

text: attention

text: to

text: development

text: from

text: a

text: global

text: perspective

text: measurement

text: error

text: of

text: the

text: underlying

text: statistics

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: UNDP

text: 's

text: changes

text: in

text: formula

text: which

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: severe

text: misclassification

text: in

text: the

text: categorisation

text: of

text: low

text: medium

text: high

text: or

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: countries

question: The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?

answer: national performance and ranking

text: national performance and ranking

question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?

answer: Western

text: Western

question: The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development?

answer: global

text: global

question: Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?

answer: egalitarianism

text: egalitarianism


text: The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer consisted of a frame holding an opaque screen with an array of typically 25 numbered, gradually pigmented squares brought into contact with the photographic plate during a timed test exposure under a phosphorescent tablet excited before by the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon. The speed of the emulsion was then expressed in 'degrees' Warnerke (sometimes seen as Warn. or °W.) corresponding with the last number visible on the exposed plate after development and fixation. Each number represented an increase of 1/3 in speed, typical plate speeds were between 10° and 25° Warnerke at the time.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: Warnerke

text: Standard

text: Sensitometer

text: consisted

text: of

text: a

text: frame

text: holding

text: an

text: opaque

text: screen

text: with

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: typically

text: numbered

text: gradually

text: pigmented

text: squares

text: brought

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: photographic

text: plate

text: during

text: a

text: timed

text: test

text: exposure

text: under

text: a

text: phosphorescent

text: tablet

text: excited

text: before

text: by

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: a

text: burning

text: Magnesium

text: ribbon

text: The

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: emulsion

text: was

text: then

text: expressed

text: in

text: degrees

text: Warnerke

text: sometimes

text: seen

text: as

text: Warn

text: or

text: W.

text: corresponding

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: number

text: visible

text: on

text: the

text: exposed

text: plate

text: after

text: development

text: and

text: fixation

text: Each

text: number

text: represented

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: in

text: speed

text: typical

text: plate

text: speeds

text: were

text: between

text: and

text: Warnerke

text: at

text: the

text: time

question: What consists of 25 pigmented squares touching a plate below a phosphorescent tablet under the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon?

answer: The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer

text: The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer

question: What do degrees Warnerke measure?

answer: The speed of the emulsion

text: The speed of the emulsion

question: How much speed is associated with each degree Warnerke?

answer: an increase of 1/3 in speed

text: an increase of 1/3 in speed

question: What were usual ranges of Warnerke speeds?

answer: between 10° and 25° Warnerke

text: between 10° and 25° Warnerke

question: What does the last exposed number on the plate represent?

answer: 'degrees' Warnerke

text: 'degrees' Warnerke


text: These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was consumed for this purpose in 1991. The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: These

text: products

text: include

text: glued

text: laminated

text: timber

text: glulam

text: wood

text: structural

text: panels

text: including

text: plywood

text: oriented

text: strand

text: board

text: and

text: composite

text: panels

text: laminated

text: veneer

text: lumber

text: LVL

text: and

text: other

text: structural

text: composite

text: lumber

text: SCL

text: products

text: parallel

text: strand

text: lumber

text: and

text: I

text: joists

text: Approximately

text: million

text: cubic

text: meters

text: of

text: wood

text: was

text: consumed

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: in

text: The

text: trends

text: suggest

text: that

text: particle

text: board

text: and

text: fiber

text: board

text: will

text: overtake

text: plywood

question: What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into?

answer: wood structural panels

text: wood structural panels

question: What's another word for glued laminated timber?

answer: glulam

text: glulam

question: What does LVL stand for?

answer: laminated veneer lumber

text: laminated veneer lumber

question: If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board?

answer: plywood

text: plywood

question: About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million


text: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: white

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: white

text: black

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: black

text: Native

text: American

text: and

text: Asian

text: Hispanics

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: while

text: Asians

text: constituted

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: white

text: population

text: declined

text: percent

text: the

text: smallest

text: recorded

text: decline

text: in

text: decades

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: blacks

text: declined

text: over

text: a

text: decade

question: What percentage of the city's population is Caucasian?

answer: 44%

question: What percentage of the city's population is African-American?

answer: 25.5%

question: What ethnicity is growing the quickest in New York City?

answer: Asians

text: Asians

question: What percentage of the population identifies as Hispanic?

answer: 28.6%

question: By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease?

answer: 3

question: As of 2010, what percentage made up white people in NYC?

answer: 44

question: Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC?

answer: the Civil War

text: the Civil War

question: Which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in NYC?

answer: Asians

text: Asians

question: What percentage of Africans make up NYC?

answer: 25.5


text: Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Sheptycki, 2004). For example, according to the Global Accountability Report for 2007 (Lloyd, et al. 2007) Interpol had the lowest scores in its category (IGOs), coming in tenth with a score of 22% on overall accountability capabilities (p. 19). As this report points out, and the existing academic literature on transnational policing seems to confirm, this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement.

title: Police

title: Police

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: greatest

text: question

text: regarding

text: the

text: future

text: development

text: of

text: transnational

text: policing

text: is

text: in

text: whose

text: interest

text: is

text: it

text: At

text: a

text: more

text: practical

text: level

text: the

text: question

text: translates

text: into

text: one

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: make

text: transnational

text: policing

text: institutions

text: democratically

text: accountable

text: Sheptycki

text: For

text: example

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Global

text: Accountability

text: Report

text: for

text: Lloyd

text: et

text: al

text: Interpol

text: had

text: the

text: lowest

text: scores

text: in

text: its

text: category

text: IGOs

text: coming

text: in

text: tenth

text: with

text: a

text: score

text: of

text: on

text: overall

text: accountability

text: capabilities

text: p.

text: As

text: this

text: report

text: points

text: out

text: and

text: the

text: existing

text: academic

text: literature

text: on

text: transnational

text: policing

text: seems

text: to

text: confirm

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: secretive

text: area

text: and

text: one

text: not

text: open

text: to

text: civil

text: society

text: involvement

question: Who wrote the Global Accountability Report for 2007?

answer: Lloyd, et al.

text: Lloyd, et al.

question: Why is transnational policing so unaccountable?

answer: this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement

text: this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement

question: How accountable is Interpol?

answer: 22%

question: What is the least-accountable IGO?

answer: Interpol

text: Interpol


text: Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16–21% in overall viewer numbers and 24–27% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: eleven

text: however

text: suffered

text: a

text: steep

text: drop

text: in

text: ratings

text: a

text: drop

text: attributed

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: new

text: shows

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Voice

text: and

text: The

text: X

text: Factor

text: The

text: ratings

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: episodes

text: of

text: season

text: eleven

text: fell

text: in

text: overall

text: viewer

text: numbers

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: while

text: the

text: season

text: finale

text: fell

text: in

text: total

text: viewer

text: number

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: The

text: average

text: viewership

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: fell

text: below

text: million

text: viewers

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: a

text: drop

text: of

text: in

text: total

text: viewers

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: eight

text: years

text: American

text: Idol

text: lost

text: the

text: leading

text: position

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: total

text: viewers

text: number

text: and

text: the

text: demo

text: coming

text: in

text: second

text: to

text: NBC

text: Sunday

text: Night

text: Football

text: although

text: the

text: strengths

text: of

text: Idol

text: in

text: its

text: second

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: Wednesday

text: Thursday

text: primetime

text: slots

text: helped

text: Fox

text: achieve

text: the

text: longest

text: period

text: of

text: demographic

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Nielsen

text: ratings

text: standing

text: at

text: straight

text: years

text: from

text: to

question: For how many years was American Idol the top rated show on television?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?

answer: Sunday Night Football

text: Sunday Night Football

question: How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?

answer: eight years

text: eight years


text: In March 1949, as RCA released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7 inch 33 1/3 rpm small spindle hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12 inch LP would be the 'album' of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: black 47-xxxx popular series, yellow 47-xxxx juvenile series, green (teal) 48-xxxx country series, deep red 49-xxxx classical series, bright red (cerise) 50-xxxx blues/spiritual series, light blue 51-xxxx international series, dark blue 52-xxxx light classics. All colors were soon dropped in favor of black because of production problems. However, yellow and deep red were continued until about 1952. The first 45 rpm record created for sale was "PeeWee the Piccolo" RCA 47-0147 pressed in yellow translucent vinyl at the Sherman Avenue plant, Indianapolis Dec. 7, 1948, R.O. Price, plant manager.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: March

text: as

text: RCA

text: released

text: the

text: Columbia

text: released

text: several

text: hundred

text: inch

text: rpm

text: small

text: spindle

text: hole

text: singles

text: This

text: format

text: was

text: soon

text: dropped

text: as

text: it

text: became

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: RCA

text: was

text: the

text: single

text: of

text: choice

text: and

text: the

text: Columbia

text: inch

text: LP

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: album

text: of

text: choice

text: The

text: first

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: came

text: in

text: seven

text: colors

text: black

text: popular

text: series

text: yellow

text: juvenile

text: series

text: green

text: teal

text: country

text: series

text: deep

text: red

text: classical

text: series

text: bright

text: red

text: cerise

text: blues

text: spiritual

text: series

text: light

text: blue

text: international

text: series

text: dark

text: blue

text: light

text: classics

text: All

text: colors

text: were

text: soon

text: dropped

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: black

text: because

text: of

text: production

text: problems

text: However

text: yellow

text: and

text: deep

text: red

text: were

text: continued

text: until

text: about

text: The

text: first

text: rpm

text: record

text: created

text: for

text: sale

text: was

text: PeeWee

text: the

text: Piccolo

text: RCA

text: pressed

text: in

text: yellow

text: translucent

text: vinyl

text: at

text: the

text: Sherman

text: Avenue

text: plant

text: Indianapolis

text: Dec.

text: R.O.

text: Price

text: plant

text: manager

question: Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued?

answer: yellow and deep red

text: yellow and deep red

question: PeeWee the Piccolo was what?

answer: The first 45 rpm record created for sale

text: The first 45 rpm record created for sale

question: What significance does Dec 7/ 1948 hold?

answer: The first 45 rpm record created for sale

text: The first 45 rpm record created for sale

question: How many colors were 45s available in when first released?

answer: seven colors

text: seven colors

question: When did RCA release the 45?

answer: March 1949

text: March 1949


text: Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Early

text: digital

text: computers

text: were

text: electromechanical

text: electric

text: switches

text: drove

text: mechanical

text: relays

text: to

text: perform

text: the

text: calculation

text: These

text: devices

text: had

text: a

text: low

text: operating

text: speed

text: and

text: were

text: eventually

text: superseded

text: by

text: much

text: faster

text: all

text: electric

text: computers

text: originally

text: using

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: The

text: created

text: by

text: German

text: engineer

text: Konrad

text: Zuse

text: in

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: examples

text: of

text: an

text: electromechanical

text: relay

text: computer

question: Who created the relay computer, the Z2?

answer: Konrad Zuse

text: Konrad Zuse

question: When did Konrad Zuse invent the Z2?

answer: 1939

question: What is one of the first electromechanical relay computers?

answer: The Z2

text: The Z2

question: Konrad Zuse was an engineer with what nationality?

answer: German

text: German


text: The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: National

text: Incident

text: Based

text: Reporting

text: System

text: NIBRS

text: crime

text: statistics

text: system

text: aims

text: to

text: address

text: limitations

text: inherent

text: in

text: UCR

text: data

text: The

text: system

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agencies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: collecting

text: and

text: reporting

text: data

text: on

text: crimes

text: Local

text: state

text: and

text: federal

text: agencies

text: generate

text: NIBRS

text: data

text: from

text: their

text: records

text: management

text: systems

text: Data

text: is

text: collected

text: on

text: every

text: incident

text: and

text: arrest

text: in

text: the

text: Group

text: A

text: offense

text: category

text: The

text: Group

text: A

text: offenses

text: are

text: specific

text: crimes

text: grouped

text: in

text: offense

text: categories

text: Specific

text: facts

text: about

text: these

text: offenses

text: are

text: gathered

text: and

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: NIBRS

text: system

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Group

text: A

text: offenses

text: eleven

text: Group

text: B

text: offenses

text: are

text: reported

text: with

text: only

text: the

text: arrest

text: information

text: The

text: NIBRS

text: system

text: is

text: in

text: greater

text: detail

text: than

text: the

text: summary

text: based

text: UCR

text: system

text: As

text: of

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agencies

text: submitted

text: NIBRS

text: data

text: That

text: amount

text: represents

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: population

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: statistics

text: data

text: collected

text: by

text: the

text: FBI

question: What is the goal of the NIBRS?

answer: address limitations inherent in UCR data

text: address limitations inherent in UCR data

question: Who uses the NIBRS?

answer: the United States

text: the United States

question: What is the NIBRS used for?

answer: collecting and reporting data

text: collecting and reporting data

question: What does the NIBRS collect information on?

answer: crimes

text: crimes

question: Does the NIBRS system or UCR system have more detailed data?

answer: NIBRS

text: NIBRS


text: Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary. For example, in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or majority ethnic ancestry, but it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. In South Africa and Latin America, for instance, mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black." In South Pacific regions such as Australia and Melanesia, European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Different

text: societies

text: apply

text: differing

text: criteria

text: regarding

text: who

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: black

text: and

text: these

text: social

text: constructs

text: have

text: also

text: changed

text: over

text: time

text: In

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: countries

text: societal

text: variables

text: affect

text: classification

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: skin

text: color

text: and

text: the

text: social

text: criteria

text: for

text: blackness

text: vary

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: people

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: skin

text: color

text: or

text: majority

text: ethnic

text: ancestry

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: instead

text: a

text: socially

text: based

text: racial

text: classification

text: related

text: to

text: being

text: African

text: American

text: with

text: a

text: family

text: history

text: associated

text: with

text: institutionalized

text: slavery

text: In

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: for

text: instance

text: mixed

text: race

text: people

text: are

text: generally

text: not

text: classified

text: as

text: black

text: In

text: South

text: Pacific

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Australia

text: and

text: Melanesia

text: European

text: colonists

text: applied

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: or

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: populations

text: with

text: different

text: histories

text: and

text: ethnic

text: origin

question: Do all societies use the term "black" the same?

answer: Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black"

text: Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black"

question: What factors can affect the classification of "blackness"?

answer: societal variables

text: societal variables

question: Are mixed race people classified as black?

answer: mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black."

text: mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black."

question: How is the term "black" defined in the United States?

answer: it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.

text: it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.

question: How did European Colonists use the term "Black"?

answer: European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.

text: European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.


text: In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: In

text: Japan

text: joined

text: the

text: Entente

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: captured

text: various

text: German

text: Empire

text: colonies

text: including

text: several

text: in

text: Micronesia

text: On

text: September

text: Japanese

text: troops

text: occupied

text: the

text: Enewetak

text: Atoll

text: and

text: on

text: September

text: the

text: Jaluit

text: Atoll

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: June

text: Germany

text: signed

text: under

text: protest

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: It

text: renounced

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: Pacific

text: possessions

text: including

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: approved

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: Mandate

text: for

text: Japan

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: all

text: former

text: German

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: located

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Equator

text: The

text: Administrative

text: Centre

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: archipelago

text: remained

text: Jaluit

question: On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak?

answer: September 29, 1914

text: September 29, 1914

question: What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War?

answer: the Entente

text: the Entente

question: What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914?

answer: the Jaluit Atoll

text: the Jaluit Atoll

question: On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

answer: June 28, 1919

text: June 28, 1919

question: When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved?

answer: December 17, 1920

text: December 17, 1920


text: Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Modern

text: DST

text: was

text: first

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: Zealand

text: entomologist

text: George

text: Hudson

text: whose

text: shift

text: work

text: job

text: gave

text: him

text: leisure

text: time

text: to

text: collect

text: insects

text: and

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: value

text: after

text: hours

text: daylight

text: In

text: he

text: presented

text: a

text: paper

text: to

text: the

text: Wellington

text: Philosophical

text: Society

text: proposing

text: a

text: two

text: hour

text: daylight

text: saving

text: shift

text: and

text: after

text: considerable

text: interest

text: was

text: expressed

text: in

text: Christchurch

text: he

text: followed

text: up

text: in

text: an

text: paper

text: Many

text: publications

text: credit

text: DST

text: 's

text: proposal

text: to

text: the

text: prominent

text: English

text: builder

text: and

text: outdoorsman

text: William

text: Willett

text: who

text: independently

text: conceived

text: DST

text: in

text: during

text: a

text: pre

text: breakfast

text: ride

text: when

text: he

text: observed

text: with

text: dismay

text: how

text: many

text: Londoners

text: slept

text: through

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: summer

text: 's

text: day

text: An

text: avid

text: golfer

text: he

text: also

text: disliked

text: cutting

text: short

text: his

text: round

text: at

text: dusk

text: His

text: solution

text: was

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: clock

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: a

text: proposal

text: he

text: published

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: The

text: proposal

text: was

text: taken

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

text: MP

text: Robert

text: Pearce

text: who

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: Daylight

text: Saving

text: Bill

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: on

text: February

text: A

text: select

text: committee

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: issue

text: but

text: Pearce

text: 's

text: bill

text: did

text: not

text: become

text: law

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: bills

text: failed

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: years

text: Willett

text: lobbied

text: for

text: the

text: proposal

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

question: What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?

answer: entomologist

text: entomologist

question: What did George Hudson spend time collecting when he wasn't working?

answer: insects

text: insects

question: What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?

answer: 1895

question: Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name?

answer: William Willett

text: William Willett

question: Who was the member of Parliament who brought a bill about Daylight Saving Time to the House of Commons in 1908?

answer: Robert Pearce

text: Robert Pearce


text: Interest in Darwin's writings continues, and scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work. The text of Origin itself has been subject to much analysis including a variorum, detailing the changes made in every edition, first published in 1959, and a concordance, an exhaustive external index published in 1981. Worldwide commemorations of the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species and the bicentenary of Darwin's birth were scheduled for 2009. They celebrated the ideas which "over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it".

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Interest

text: in

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: writings

text: continues

text: and

text: scholars

text: have

text: generated

text: an

text: extensive

text: literature

text: the

text: Darwin

text: Industry

text: about

text: his

text: life

text: and

text: work

text: The

text: text

text: of

text: Origin

text: itself

text: has

text: been

text: subject

text: to

text: much

text: analysis

text: including

text: a

text: variorum

text: detailing

text: the

text: changes

text: made

text: in

text: every

text: edition

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: concordance

text: an

text: exhaustive

text: external

text: index

text: published

text: in

text: Worldwide

text: commemorations

text: of

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: On

text: the

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: and

text: the

text: bicentenary

text: of

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: birth

text: were

text: scheduled

text: for

text: They

text: celebrated

text: the

text: ideas

text: which

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: have

text: revolutionised

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: nature

text: and

text: our

text: place

text: within

text: it

question: What kinds of things have been done by scholars interested in Darwin's work?

answer: scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work.

text: scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work.

question: What has been created in 1959 and filled with information about changes in every edition of On the Origin of Species?

answer: a variorum

text: a variorum

question: What was done on the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species?

answer: Worldwide commemorations

text: Worldwide commemorations

question: What were the celebrants honoring with their commemorations?

answer: They celebrated the ideas which "over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it".

text: They celebrated the ideas which "over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it".


text: Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988, and the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries. The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: Likewise

text: the

text: migration

text: of

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: Nicaraguans

text: also

text: began

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: political

text: instability

text: during

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: The

text: uprising

text: of

text: the

text: Sandinista

text: revolution

text: which

text: toppled

text: the

text: Somoza

text: dictatorship

text: in

text: caused

text: many

text: Nicaraguans

text: to

text: migrate

text: particularly

text: from

text: those

text: opposing

text: the

text: Sandinistas

text: Throughout

text: the

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: supported

text: Contra

text: War

text: or

text: Contra

text: revolutionary

text: war

text: which

text: continued

text: up

text: until

text: and

text: the

text: economic

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: many

text: more

text: Nicaraguans

text: migrated

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: amongst

text: other

text: countries

text: The

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: where

text: most

text: Nicaraguans

text: migrated

text: to

text: include

text: Florida

text: California

text: and

text: Texas

question: What other Spanish Speaking people come to America?

answer: Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans

text: Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans

question: Why did the Nicaraguans come to America?

answer: political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s

text: political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s

question: When did the Nicaraguans arrive?

answer: Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988

text: Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988

question: Where did Nicaraguans settle in America?

answer: The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

text: The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

question: Was there a specific reason many Nicaraguans fled to the U.S.?

answer: the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries.

text: the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries.


text: In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms, from which the term "Romanesque" is derived. Where available, Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials. From the tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque, the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form. Just before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe. Romanesque buildings have massive stone walls, openings topped by semi-circular arches, small windows, and, particularly in France, arched stone vaults. The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of façades, especially in France, and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals. According to art historian C. R. Dodwell, "virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings", of which few survive. Simultaneous with the development in church architecture, the distinctive European form of the castle was developed, and became crucial to politics and warfare.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: churches

text: and

text: monasteries

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: stone

text: architecture

text: that

text: elaborated

text: vernacular

text: Roman

text: forms

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: term

text: Romanesque

text: is

text: derived

text: Where

text: available

text: Roman

text: brick

text: and

text: stone

text: buildings

text: were

text: recycled

text: for

text: their

text: materials

text: From

text: the

text: tentative

text: beginnings

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Romanesque

text: the

text: style

text: flourished

text: and

text: spread

text: across

text: Europe

text: in

text: a

text: remarkably

text: homogeneous

text: form

text: Just

text: before

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: wave

text: of

text: building

text: stone

text: churches

text: all

text: over

text: Europe

text: Romanesque

text: buildings

text: have

text: massive

text: stone

text: walls

text: openings

text: topped

text: by

text: semi

text: circular

text: arches

text: small

text: windows

text: and

text: particularly

text: in

text: France

text: arched

text: stone

text: vaults

text: The

text: large

text: portal

text: with

text: coloured

text: sculpture

text: in

text: high

text: relief

text: became

text: a

text: central

text: feature

text: of

text: façades

text: especially

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: capitals

text: of

text: columns

text: were

text: often

text: carved

text: with

text: narrative

text: scenes

text: of

text: imaginative

text: monsters

text: and

text: animals

text: According

text: to

text: art

text: historian

text: C.

text: R.

text: Dodwell

text: virtually

text: all

text: the

text: churches

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: were

text: decorated

text: with

text: wall

text: paintings

text: of

text: which

text: few

text: survive

text: Simultaneous

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: in

text: church

text: architecture

text: the

text: distinctive

text: European

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: castle

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: became

text: crucial

text: to

text: politics

text: and

text: warfare

question: In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?

answer: 10th

question: What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?

answer: arched stone vaults

text: arched stone vaults

question: Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?

answer: C. R. Dodwell

text: C. R. Dodwell

question: What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?

answer: the castle

text: the castle

question: Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?

answer: 1000


text: A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: A

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: political

text: instability

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: depressed

text: economic

text: activity

text: deteriorating

text: social

text: conditions

text: and

text: increased

text: macroeconomic

text: imbalances

text: It

text: takes

text: longer

text: on

text: average

text: to

text: register

text: a

text: new

text: business

text: in

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: days

text: or

text: about

text: weeks

text: than

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: except

text: Suriname

text: The

text: Economist

text: Pocket

text: World

text: in

text: Figures

text: Edition

text: London

text: Profile

text: Books

question: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?

answer: depressed

text: depressed

question: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?

answer: deteriorating

text: deteriorating

question: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?

answer: macroeconomic

text: macroeconomic

question: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: 233 days or about 33 weeks

text: 233 days or about 33 weeks

question: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?

answer: Suriname

text: Suriname


text: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Federalism

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: mixed

text: or

text: compound

text: mode

text: of

text: government

text: combining

text: a

text: general

text: government

text: the

text: central

text: or

text: federal

text: government

text: with

text: regional

text: governments

text: provincial

text: state

text: Land

text: cantonal

text: territorial

text: or

text: other

text: sub

text: unit

text: governments

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: political

text: system

text: Its

text: distinctive

text: feature

text: exemplified

text: in

text: the

text: founding

text: example

text: of

text: modern

text: federalism

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: under

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: is

text: a

text: relationship

text: of

text: parity

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: established

text: It

text: can

text: thus

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: powers

text: between

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: equal

text: status

question: What is federalism?

answer: mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

text: mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

question: What features are distinctive of federalism?

answer: a relationship of parity between the two levels of government

text: a relationship of parity between the two levels of government

question: What is federlism defined as?

answer: a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

text: a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

question: What document exemplified modern federalist government?

answer: Constitution of 1789

text: Constitution of 1789

question: What distinguishes Federalism from other types of government?

answer: a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established

text: a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established

question: Is the division of power among different levels of government equal in a Federalist government?

answer: there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.

text: there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.

question: Federalism combines what two types of government?

answer: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

text: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

question: What is federalism?

answer: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government

text: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government

question: In Federalism, are the division of powers equal?

answer: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

text: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

question: What type of governments are included in federalism?

answer: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

text: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

question: How many governments are apart of federalism?

answer: relationship of parity between the two levels of government

text: relationship of parity between the two levels of government


text: The closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries. An indication of the United States' close operational cooperation is the creation of a new message distribution label within the main U.S. military communications network. Previously, the marking of NOFORN (i.e., No Foreign Nationals) required the originator to specify which, if any, non-U.S. countries could receive the information. A new handling caveat, USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes, used primarily on intelligence messages, gives an easier way to indicate that the material can be shared with Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and New Zealand.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: closest

text: links

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: IC

text: to

text: other

text: foreign

text: intelligence

text: agencies

text: are

text: to

text: Anglophone

text: countries

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: special

text: communications

text: marking

text: that

text: signals

text: that

text: intelligence

text: related

text: messages

text: can

text: be

text: shared

text: with

text: these

text: four

text: countries

text: An

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: close

text: operational

text: cooperation

text: is

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: message

text: distribution

text: label

text: within

text: the

text: main

text: U.S.

text: military

text: communications

text: network

text: Previously

text: the

text: marking

text: of

text: NOFORN

text: i.e.

text: No

text: Foreign

text: Nationals

text: required

text: the

text: originator

text: to

text: specify

text: which

text: if

text: any

text: non

text: U.S.

text: countries

text: could

text: receive

text: the

text: information

text: A

text: new

text: handling

text: caveat

text: USA

text: AUS

text: CAN

text: GBR

text: NZL

text: Five

text: Eyes

text: used

text: primarily

text: on

text: intelligence

text: messages

text: gives

text: an

text: easier

text: way

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: material

text: can

text: be

text: shared

text: with

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

question: Which four countries can share communications with the U.S. IC?

answer: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom

text: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom

question: What does NOFORN stand for?

answer: No Foreign Nationals

text: No Foreign Nationals

question: What is the special marking that shows messages can be shared with these other five countries?

answer: USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes

text: USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes


text: In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: In

text: the

text: Japanese

text: state

text: broadcaster

text: NHK

text: first

text: developed

text: consumer

text: high

text: definition

text: television

text: with

text: a

text: display

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: The

text: system

text: known

text: as

text: Hi

text: Vision

text: or

text: MUSE

text: after

text: its

text: Multiple

text: sub

text: Nyquist

text: sampling

text: encoding

text: for

text: encoding

text: the

text: signal

text: required

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: the

text: existing

text: NTSC

text: system

text: but

text: provided

text: about

text: four

text: times

text: the

text: resolution

text: lines

text: Satellite

text: test

text: broadcasts

text: started

text: in

text: with

text: regular

text: testing

text: starting

text: in

text: and

text: regular

text: broadcasting

text: of

text: commencing

text: on

text: November

text: which

text: featured

text: commercial

text: and

text: NHK

text: programming

question: In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?

answer: 1979

question: Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?

answer: the Japanese state broadcaster NHK

text: the Japanese state broadcaster NHK

question: When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?

answer: 1989

question: When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?

answer: November 25, 1994

text: November 25, 1994

question: When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?

answer: 1991


text: Philadelphia once comprised six congressional districts. However, as a result of the city's declining population, it now has only four: the 1st district, represented by Bob Brady; the 2nd, represented by Chaka Fattah; the 8th, represented by Mike Fitzpatrick; and the 13th, represented by Brendan Boyle. All but Fitzpatrick are Democrats. Although they are usually swamped by Democrats in city, state and national elections, Republicans still have some support in the area, primarily in the northeast. A Republican represented a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House as late as 1983, and Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in both 1999 and 2003.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: once

text: comprised

text: six

text: congressional

text: districts

text: However

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: declining

text: population

text: it

text: now

text: has

text: only

text: four

text: the

text: district

text: represented

text: by

text: Bob

text: Brady

text: the

text: represented

text: by

text: Chaka

text: Fattah

text: the

text: represented

text: by

text: Mike

text: Fitzpatrick

text: and

text: the

text: represented

text: by

text: Brendan

text: Boyle

text: All

text: but

text: Fitzpatrick

text: are

text: Democrats

text: Although

text: they

text: are

text: usually

text: swamped

text: by

text: Democrats

text: in

text: city

text: state

text: and

text: national

text: elections

text: Republicans

text: still

text: have

text: some

text: support

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: A

text: Republican

text: represented

text: a

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: and

text: Sam

text: Katz

text: ran

text: competitive

text: mayoral

text: races

text: as

text: the

text: Republican

text: nominee

text: in

text: both

text: and

question: How many congressional districts are there in the city?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many congressional districts were there at the peak population?

answer: six

text: six

question: Who represents the 8th district?

answer: Mike Fitzpatrick

text: Mike Fitzpatrick

question: When was the last major Republican representation of a large part of the city?

answer: 1983

question: Who was the last Republican to be fairly competitive in the mayoral race?

answer: Sam Katz

text: Sam Katz


text: It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: It

text: had

text: been

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: non

text: repetitive

text: DNA

text: can

text: vary

text: a

text: lot

text: between

text: species

text: Some

text: E.

text: coli

text: as

text: prokaryotes

text: only

text: have

text: non

text: repetitive

text: DNA

text: lower

text: eukaryotes

text: such

text: as

text: C.

text: elegans

text: and

text: fruit

text: fly

text: still

text: possess

text: more

text: non

text: repetitive

text: DNA

text: than

text: repetitive

text: DNA

text: Higher

text: eukaryotes

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: more

text: repetitive

text: DNA

text: than

text: non

text: repetitive

text: ones

text: In

text: some

text: plants

text: and

text: amphibians

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: non

text: repetitive

text: DNA

text: is

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: becoming

text: a

text: minority

text: component

question: What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?

answer: E. coli

text: E. coli

question: What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?

answer: C. elegans and fruit fly

text: C. elegans and fruit fly

question: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?

answer: 20%


text: In association football, teams such as Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Arsenal, Toronto FC, and S.L. Benfica primarily wear red jerseys. Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo. A red penalty card is issued to a player who commits a serious infraction: the player is immediately disqualified from further play and his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration.

title: Red

title: Red

text: In

text: association

text: football

text: teams

text: such

text: as

text: Manchester

text: United

text: Bayern

text: Munich

text: Liverpool

text: Arsenal

text: Toronto

text: FC

text: and

text: S.L.

text: Benfica

text: primarily

text: wear

text: red

text: jerseys

text: Other

text: teams

text: that

text: prominently

text: feature

text: red

text: on

text: their

text: kits

text: include

text: A.C.

text: Milan

text: nicknamed

text: i

text: rossoneri

text: for

text: their

text: red

text: and

text: black

text: shirts

text: AFC

text: Ajax

text: Olympiacos

text: River

text: Plate

text: Atlético

text: Madrid

text: and

text: Flamengo

text: A

text: red

text: penalty

text: card

text: is

text: issued

text: to

text: a

text: player

text: who

text: commits

text: a

text: serious

text: infraction

text: the

text: player

text: is

text: immediately

text: disqualified

text: from

text: further

text: play

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: must

text: continue

text: with

text: one

text: less

text: player

text: for

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: duration

question: What color jersey does Bayern Munich wear?

answer: red

text: red

question: What is the nickname given to A.C. Milan?

answer: i rossoneri

text: i rossoneri

question: What has to occur for a player in association football to be shown a red penalty card?

answer: a serious infraction

text: a serious infraction

question: What occurs when a player in association football is shown a red penalty card?

answer: the player is immediately disqualified from further play

text: the player is immediately disqualified from further play

question: How is an association football team impacted when a player is shown a red penalty card?

answer: his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration

text: his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration


text: Season four premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of season three was also aired in high definition. The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season. The age limit was raised to 28 in this season, and among those who benefited from this new rule were Constantine Maroulis and Bo Bice, the two rockers of the show.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: four

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: to

text: be

text: aired

text: in

text: high

text: definition

text: although

text: the

text: finale

text: of

text: season

text: three

text: was

text: also

text: aired

text: in

text: high

text: definition

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: those

text: attending

text: the

text: auditions

text: by

text: now

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: The

text: age

text: limit

text: was

text: raised

text: to

text: in

text: this

text: season

text: and

text: among

text: those

text: who

text: benefited

text: from

text: this

text: new

text: rule

text: were

text: Constantine

text: Maroulis

text: and

text: Bo

text: Bice

text: the

text: two

text: rockers

text: of

text: the

text: show

question: What year did season four of American Idol first air?

answer: 2005

question: How many contestants auditioned for the fourth season of American Idol?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000

question: What was the oldest that you could be to qualify as a contestant on the fourth season of American Idol?

answer: 28

question: What  was the first full season of American Idol to air in high definition?

answer: Season four

text: Season four

question: In which season was Bo Bice a contestant on American Idol?

answer: Season four

text: Season four

question: When did season four premiere?

answer: January 18, 2005

text: January 18, 2005

question: Season four was the first full season to be aired in what?

answer: high definition

text: high definition

question: How many people auditioned to be on American Idol?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000

question: What was the maximum age a contestant could be starting this season?

answer: 28


text: This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was encroaching from northern India into the Himalayas, the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire were expanding into Central Asia and each power became suspicious of the others' intentions in Tibet.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: This

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: some

text: contacts

text: with

text: Jesuits

text: and

text: Capuchins

text: from

text: Europe

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: Scottish

text: nobleman

text: George

text: Bogle

text: came

text: to

text: Shigatse

text: to

text: investigate

text: prospects

text: of

text: trade

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: situation

text: of

text: foreigners

text: in

text: Tibet

text: grew

text: more

text: tenuous

text: The

text: British

text: Empire

text: was

text: encroaching

text: from

text: northern

text: India

text: into

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: were

text: expanding

text: into

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: each

text: power

text: became

text: suspicious

text: of

text: the

text: others

text: intentions

text: in

text: Tibet

question: When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade.

answer: 1774

question: Who came to Tibet from Europe?

answer: Jesuits and Capuchins

text: Jesuits and Capuchins

question: When did the British and Russian empires begin encroaching on Tibet?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century


text: On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings. Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would "allow much greater access to approximately 4.5 million pages of important documents that are currently available only in their original format or on microfilm" and "would also enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records."

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: and

text: formerly

text: Footnote

text: launched

text: a

text: pilot

text: project

text: to

text: digitize

text: historic

text: documents

text: from

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: holdings

text: Allen

text: Weinstein

text: explained

text: that

text: this

text: partnership

text: would

text: allow

text: much

text: greater

text: access

text: to

text: approximately

text: million

text: pages

text: of

text: important

text: documents

text: that

text: are

text: currently

text: available

text: only

text: in

text: their

text: original

text: format

text: or

text: on

text: microfilm

text: and

text: would

text: also

text: enhance

text: NARA

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: preserve

text: its

text: original

text: records

question: In January of 2007, what internet company did the National Archives partner with?

answer: Fold3.com

question: What was the aim of the partnership with Fold3.com?

answer: to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings

text: to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings

question: What Archivist announced the partnership with Fold3?

answer: Allen Weinstein

text: Allen Weinstein

question: Of all the benefits of the partnership with Fold3, what benefited the public at large the most?

answer: much greater access

text: much greater access

question: What direct benefit did NARA itself gain from the partnership with Fold3?

answer: enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records

text: enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records