text: The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution. As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: department

text: store

text: lay

text: in

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: conspicuous

text: consumer

text: society

text: at

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: As

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: accelerated

text: economy

text: expansion

text: the

text: affluent

text: middle

text: class

text: grew

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: wealth

text: This

text: urbanized

text: social

text: group

text: sharing

text: a

text: culture

text: of

text: consumption

text: and

text: changing

text: fashion

text: was

text: the

text: catalyst

text: for

text: the

text: retail

text: revolution

text: As

text: rising

text: prosperity

text: and

text: social

text: mobility

text: increased

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: especially

text: women

text: who

text: found

text: they

text: could

text: shop

text: unaccompanied

text: at

text: department

text: stores

text: without

text: damaging

text: their

text: reputation

text: with

text: disposable

text: income

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Georgian

text: period

text: window

text: shopping

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: leisure

text: activity

text: and

text: entrepreneurs

text: like

text: the

text: potter

text: Josiah

text: Wedgwood

text: pioneered

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: marketing

text: techniques

text: to

text: influence

text: the

text: prevailing

text: tastes

text: and

text: preferences

text: of

text: society

question: When did the idea of a "consumer society" begin?

answer: at the turn of the 19th century.

text: at the turn of the 19th century.

question: What social group grew as a result of the industrial revolution?

answer: the affluent middle-class

text: the affluent middle-class

question: Who was Josiah Wedgewood?

answer: entrepreneurs

text: entrepreneurs

question: What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history?

answer: urbanized social group

text: urbanized social group

question: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded?

answer: women

text: women


text: In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios hired the New York City-based husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez to write the songs, which required two-hour-long transcontinental videoconferences nearly every weekday for about 14 months.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: In

text: the

text: increasingly

text: globalized

text: film

text: industry

text: videoconferencing

text: has

text: become

text: useful

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: by

text: which

text: creative

text: talent

text: in

text: many

text: different

text: locations

text: can

text: collaborate

text: closely

text: on

text: the

text: complex

text: details

text: of

text: film

text: production

text: For

text: example

text: for

text: the

text: award

text: winning

text: animated

text: film

text: Frozen

text: Burbank

text: based

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Animation

text: Studios

text: hired

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: based

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: songwriting

text: team

text: of

text: Robert

text: Lopez

text: and

text: Kristen

text: Anderson

text: Lopez

text: to

text: write

text: the

text: songs

text: which

text: required

text: two

text: hour

text: long

text: transcontinental

text: videoconferences

text: nearly

text: every

text: weekday

text: for

text: about

text: months

question: In what industry has videoconferencing become useful?

answer: film

text: film

question: On what film was videoconferencing widely used?

answer: Frozen

text: Frozen

question: What year was the movie Frozen released?

answer: 2013

question: In what city were the songwriting team of Frozen located?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: How many months did the songwriters work on the movie via videoconferencing?

answer: 14


text: Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: Council

text: is

text: currently

text: undertaking

text: a

text: project

text: of

text: urban

text: redevelopment

text: called

text: the

text: Vision

text: for

text: Plymouth

text: launched

text: by

text: the

text: architect

text: David

text: Mackay

text: and

text: backed

text: by

text: both

text: Plymouth

text: City

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: PCC

text: Its

text: projects

text: range

text: from

text: shopping

text: centres

text: a

text: cruise

text: terminal

text: a

text: boulevard

text: and

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: population

text: to

text: and

text: build

text: dwellings

question: What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?

answer: "Vision for Plymouth"

text: "Vision for Plymouth"

question: What architect is in charge of the ""Vision for Plymouth"?

answer: David Mackay

text: David Mackay

question: Along with Plymouth Council, what body supports the "Vision for Plymouth"?

answer: the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce

text: the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce

question: What is the population goal of the "Vision for Plymouth"?

answer: 300,000

question: How many residences does the "Vision for Plymouth" seek to build?

answer: 33,000


text: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed] In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some Finno-Ugric tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population. At the time of the Magyar migration, the present-day Hungary was inhabited by Slavs, numbering about 200,000, and by Romano-Dacians who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Magyars. In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north. In the Middle Ages, groups of Saxon ore miners settled in medieval Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria where they were Slavicized.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: Balkans

text: South

text: Slavs

text: and

text: Germanic

text: Gepids

text: intermarried

text: with

text: Avar

text: invaders

text: eventually

text: producing

text: a

text: Slavicized

text: population.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: Central

text: Europe

text: the

text: Slavs

text: intermixed

text: with

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Celtic

text: while

text: the

text: eastern

text: Slavs

text: encountered

text: Uralic

text: and

text: Scandinavian

text: peoples

text: Scandinavians

text: Varangians

text: and

text: Finnic

text: peoples

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Rus

text: state

text: but

text: were

text: completely

text: Slavicized

text: after

text: a

text: century

text: Some

text: Finno

text: Ugric

text: tribes

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: were

text: also

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: expanding

text: Rus

text: population

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Magyar

text: migration

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Hungary

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Slavs

text: numbering

text: about

text: and

text: by

text: Romano

text: Dacians

text: who

text: were

text: either

text: assimilated

text: or

text: enslaved

text: by

text: the

text: Magyars

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: constant

text: incursions

text: by

text: nomadic

text: Turkic

text: tribes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Kipchaks

text: and

text: the

text: Pechenegs

text: caused

text: a

text: massive

text: migration

text: of

text: East

text: Slavic

text: populations

text: to

text: the

text: safer

text: heavily

text: forested

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: north

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: groups

text: of

text: Saxon

text: ore

text: miners

text: settled

text: in

text: medieval

text: Bosnia

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: Slavicized

question: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?

answer: In the Western Balkans

text: In the Western Balkans

question: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who?

answer: Avar invaders

text: Avar invaders

question: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who?

answer: Germanic and Celtic

text: Germanic and Celtic

question: The eastern Slavs intermixed with who?

answer: Uralic and Scandinavian peoples

text: Uralic and Scandinavian peoples

question: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state?

answer: the Rus' state

text: the Rus' state


text: The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: beer

text: houses

text: tended

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: traditional

text: pub

text: names

text: like

text: The

text: Crown

text: The

text: Red

text: Lion

text: The

text: Royal

text: Oak

text: etc

text: and

text: if

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: simply

text: name

text: their

text: place

text: Smith

text: 's

text: Beer

text: House

text: they

text: would

text: apply

text: topical

text: pub

text: names

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: reflect

text: the

text: mood

text: of

text: the

text: times

question: Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?

answer: The Red Lion

text: The Red Lion

question: What is an example of a name for a beer house?

answer: Smith's Beer House

text: Smith's Beer House


text: Some alloys occur naturally, such as electrum, which is an alloy that is native to Earth, consisting of silver and gold. Meteorites are sometimes made of naturally occurring alloys of iron and nickel, but are not native to the Earth. One of the first alloys made by humans was bronze, which is made by mixing the metals tin and copper. Bronze was an extremely useful alloy to the ancients, because it is much stronger and harder than either of its components. Steel was another common alloy. However, in ancient times, it could only be created as an accidental byproduct from the heating of iron ore in fires (smelting) during the manufacture of iron. Other ancient alloys include pewter, brass and pig iron. In the modern age, steel can be created in many forms. Carbon steel can be made by varying only the carbon content, producing soft alloys like mild steel or hard alloys like spring steel. Alloy steels can be made by adding other elements, such as molybdenum, vanadium or nickel, resulting in alloys such as high-speed steel or tool steel. Small amounts of manganese are usually alloyed with most modern-steels because of its ability to remove unwanted impurities, like phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen, which can have detrimental effects on the alloy. However, most alloys were not created until the 1900s, such as various aluminium, titanium, nickel, and magnesium alloys. Some modern superalloys, such as incoloy, inconel, and hastelloy, may consist of a multitude of different components.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: Some

text: alloys

text: occur

text: naturally

text: such

text: as

text: electrum

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: alloy

text: that

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: Earth

text: consisting

text: of

text: silver

text: and

text: gold

text: Meteorites

text: are

text: sometimes

text: made

text: of

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: alloys

text: of

text: iron

text: and

text: nickel

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: Earth

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: alloys

text: made

text: by

text: humans

text: was

text: bronze

text: which

text: is

text: made

text: by

text: mixing

text: the

text: metals

text: tin

text: and

text: copper

text: Bronze

text: was

text: an

text: extremely

text: useful

text: alloy

text: to

text: the

text: ancients

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: much

text: stronger

text: and

text: harder

text: than

text: either

text: of

text: its

text: components

text: Steel

text: was

text: another

text: common

text: alloy

text: However

text: in

text: ancient

text: times

text: it

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: created

text: as

text: an

text: accidental

text: byproduct

text: from

text: the

text: heating

text: of

text: iron

text: ore

text: in

text: fires

text: smelting

text: during

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: iron

text: Other

text: ancient

text: alloys

text: include

text: pewter

text: brass

text: and

text: pig

text: iron

text: In

text: the

text: modern

text: age

text: steel

text: can

text: be

text: created

text: in

text: many

text: forms

text: Carbon

text: steel

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: varying

text: only

text: the

text: carbon

text: content

text: producing

text: soft

text: alloys

text: like

text: mild

text: steel

text: or

text: hard

text: alloys

text: like

text: spring

text: steel

text: Alloy

text: steels

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: adding

text: other

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: molybdenum

text: vanadium

text: or

text: nickel

text: resulting

text: in

text: alloys

text: such

text: as

text: high

text: speed

text: steel

text: or

text: tool

text: steel

text: Small

text: amounts

text: of

text: manganese

text: are

text: usually

text: alloyed

text: with

text: most

text: modern

text: steels

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: remove

text: unwanted

text: impurities

text: like

text: phosphorus

text: sulfur

text: and

text: oxygen

text: which

text: can

text: have

text: detrimental

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: alloy

text: However

text: most

text: alloys

text: were

text: not

text: created

text: until

text: the

text: such

text: as

text: various

text: aluminium

text: titanium

text: nickel

text: and

text: magnesium

text: alloys

text: Some

text: modern

text: superalloys

text: such

text: as

text: incoloy

text: inconel

text: and

text: hastelloy

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: different

text: components

question: What is electrum made of?

answer: silver and gold

text: silver and gold

question: What alloy is formed naturally?

answer: electrum

text: electrum

question: Which was on of the first alloys made by humans?

answer: bronze

text: bronze

question: What metal is made by combining tin and copper?

answer: bronze

text: bronze

question: Around what time where alloys starting to get made by humans?

answer: 1900s


text: In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada. A sizable minority of Canadian Presbyterians, primarily in southern Ontario but also throughout the entire nation, withdrew, and reconstituted themselves as a non-concurring continuing Presbyterian body. They regained use of the original name in 1939.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: largest

text: Presbyterian

text: denomination

text: and

text: indeed

text: the

text: largest

text: Protestant

text: denomination

text: was

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Canada

text: formed

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: four

text: regional

text: groups

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Church

text: of

text: Canada

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Presbyterians

text: combining

text: with

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: Congregational

text: Union

text: of

text: Canada

text: A

text: sizable

text: minority

text: of

text: Canadian

text: Presbyterians

text: primarily

text: in

text: southern

text: Ontario

text: but

text: also

text: throughout

text: the

text: entire

text: nation

text: withdrew

text: and

text: reconstituted

text: themselves

text: as

text: a

text: non

text: concurring

text: continuing

text: Presbyterian

text: body

text: They

text: regained

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: name

text: in

question: What is the largest Presbyterian church denomination in Canada?

answer: Presbyterian Church in Canada

text: Presbyterian Church in Canada

question: In what year was the United Church of Canada formed?

answer: 1925

question: When was the Presbyterian Church in Canada formed?

answer: 1875


text: In Japan, professional wrestling done by female wrestlers is called joshi puroresu (女子プロレス) or joshi puro for short. Female wrestling is usually handled by promotions that specialize in joshi puroresu rather than divisions of otherwise male-dominated promotions, as is the case in the United States. However, joshi puroresu promotions usually have agreements with male puroresu promotions such that they recognize each other's titles as legitimate, and may share cards. All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling was the dominant joshi organization from the 1970s to the 1990s.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: Japan

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: done

text: by

text: female

text: wrestlers

text: is

text: called

text: joshi

text: puroresu

text: 女子プロレス

text: or

text: joshi

text: puro

text: for

text: short

text: Female

text: wrestling

text: is

text: usually

text: handled

text: by

text: promotions

text: that

text: specialize

text: in

text: joshi

text: puroresu

text: rather

text: than

text: divisions

text: of

text: otherwise

text: male

text: dominated

text: promotions

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: However

text: joshi

text: puroresu

text: promotions

text: usually

text: have

text: agreements

text: with

text: male

text: puroresu

text: promotions

text: such

text: that

text: they

text: recognize

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: titles

text: as

text: legitimate

text: and

text: may

text: share

text: cards

text: All

text: Japan

text: Women

text: 's

text: Pro

text: Wrestling

text: was

text: the

text: dominant

text: joshi

text: organization

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

question: What is professional female wrestling called in Japan?

answer: joshi puroresu

text: joshi puroresu

question: What is the short form for joshi puroresu?

answer: joshi puro

text: joshi puro

question: What was the major joshi organization for two decades?

answer: Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling

text: Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling


text: The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an "elastic" currency subject to "substantial changes of quantity over short periods", which differed significantly from previous forms of high-powered money such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins. Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 was not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: The

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: declined

text: significantly

text: during

text: wartime

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: furnish

text: an

text: elastic

text: currency

text: subject

text: to

text: substantial

text: changes

text: of

text: quantity

text: over

text: short

text: periods

text: which

text: differed

text: significantly

text: from

text: previous

text: forms

text: of

text: high

text: powered

text: money

text: such

text: as

text: gold

text: national

text: bank

text: notes

text: and

text: silver

text: coins

text: Over

text: the

text: very

text: long

text: run

text: the

text: prior

text: gold

text: standard

text: kept

text: prices

text: stable

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: price

text: level

text: and

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: in

text: was

text: not

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: price

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: initially

text: succeeded

text: in

text: maintaining

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: and

text: price

text: stability

text: reversing

text: the

text: inflation

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: stabilizing

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: dollar

text: during

text: the

text: before

text: presiding

text: over

text: a

text: deflation

text: in

text: U.S.

text: prices

text: in

text: the

question: During which times does the value of the dollar typically decline?

answer: wartime

text: wartime

question: When was the Federal Reserve established?

answer: 1913

question: What was the Federal Reserve designed to furnish?

answer: an "elastic" currency

text: an "elastic" currency

question: What had previously kept prices stable?

answer: gold standard

text: gold standard

question: How much did the US prices deflate in the 1930s?

answer: 30%


text: In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria. Although the chief of staff Mohamed Fawzi verified them as "baseless", Nasser took three successive steps that made the war virtually inevitable: On 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel, on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel, and on 23 May he closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel".

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: In

text: mid

text: May

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: issued

text: warnings

text: to

text: Nasser

text: of

text: an

text: impending

text: Israeli

text: attack

text: on

text: Syria

text: Although

text: the

text: chief

text: of

text: staff

text: Mohamed

text: Fawzi

text: verified

text: them

text: as

text: baseless

text: Nasser

text: took

text: three

text: successive

text: steps

text: that

text: made

text: the

text: war

text: virtually

text: inevitable

text: On

text: May

text: he

text: deployed

text: his

text: troops

text: in

text: Sinai

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Israel

text: on

text: May

text: he

text: expelled

text: the

text: UN

text: peacekeepers

text: stationed

text: in

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: border

text: with

text: Israel

text: and

text: on

text: May

text: he

text: closed

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Tiran

text: to

text: Israeli

text: shipping

text: On

text: May

text: Nasser

text: declared

text: The

text: battle

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: general

text: one

text: and

text: our

text: basic

text: objective

text: will

text: be

text: to

text: destroy

text: Israel

question: Who found the claims of Israeli attack baseless?

answer: Mohamed Fawzi

text: Mohamed Fawzi

question: How many steps did Nasser take in preparation for war?

answer: three successive steps

text: three successive steps

question: Who warned of impending Israeli attack on Syria in May 1967?

answer: Soviet Union i

text: Soviet Union i

question: On what day did Nasser state "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel?"

answer: 23 May

text: 23 May


text: Regardless of the way the tension between universities, individual scientists, and the scientific revolution itself is perceived, there was a discernible impact on the way that university education was constructed. Aristotelian epistemology provided a coherent framework not simply for knowledge and knowledge construction, but also for the training of scholars within the higher education setting. The creation of new scientific constructs during the scientific revolution, and the epistemological challenges that were inherent within this creation, initiated the idea of both the autonomy of science and the hierarchy of the disciplines. Instead of entering higher education to become a "general scholar" immersed in becoming proficient in the entire curriculum, there emerged a type of scholar that put science first and viewed it as a vocation in itself. The divergence between those focused on science and those still entrenched in the idea of a general scholar exacerbated the epistemological tensions that were already beginning to emerge.

title: University

title: University

text: Regardless

text: of

text: the

text: way

text: the

text: tension

text: between

text: universities

text: individual

text: scientists

text: and

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: itself

text: is

text: perceived

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: discernible

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: that

text: university

text: education

text: was

text: constructed

text: Aristotelian

text: epistemology

text: provided

text: a

text: coherent

text: framework

text: not

text: simply

text: for

text: knowledge

text: and

text: knowledge

text: construction

text: but

text: also

text: for

text: the

text: training

text: of

text: scholars

text: within

text: the

text: higher

text: education

text: setting

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: scientific

text: constructs

text: during

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: and

text: the

text: epistemological

text: challenges

text: that

text: were

text: inherent

text: within

text: this

text: creation

text: initiated

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: autonomy

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: the

text: disciplines

text: Instead

text: of

text: entering

text: higher

text: education

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: general

text: scholar

text: immersed

text: in

text: becoming

text: proficient

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: curriculum

text: there

text: emerged

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: scholar

text: that

text: put

text: science

text: first

text: and

text: viewed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: vocation

text: in

text: itself

text: The

text: divergence

text: between

text: those

text: focused

text: on

text: science

text: and

text: those

text: still

text: entrenched

text: in

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: general

text: scholar

text: exacerbated

text: the

text: epistemological

text: tensions

text: that

text: were

text: already

text: beginning

text: to

text: emerge

question: What type of epistemology served as the foundation of knowledge constructions and  training scholars in universities?

answer: Aristotelian

text: Aristotelian

question: The scientific revolution contributed to what, in terms of science?

answer: autonomy

text: autonomy

question: There was disagreement between universities and scientists over schools focusing on science, and the idea of what?

answer: a general scholar

text: a general scholar

question: A hierarchy of scientific disciplines came out of what?

answer: the scientific revolution

text: the scientific revolution

question: Where did students after the scientific revolution put science on the scale of importance?

answer: first

text: first


text: Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. The deadlock came to an end when the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr on 11 November 1975 and Fraser was installed as caretaker Prime Minister, pending an election. Fraser won in a landslide at the resulting 1975 election.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: Following

text: the

text: Loans

text: Affair

text: the

text: Malcolm

text: Fraser

text: led

text: Liberal

text: Country

text: Party

text: Coalition

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: Whitlam

text: Government

text: was

text: incompetent

text: and

text: delayed

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: 's

text: money

text: bills

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: until

text: the

text: government

text: would

text: promise

text: a

text: new

text: election

text: Whitlam

text: refused

text: Fraser

text: insisted

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: divisive

text: Australian

text: constitutional

text: crisis

text: The

text: deadlock

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: when

text: the

text: Whitlam

text: government

text: was

text: dismissed

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: Sir

text: John

text: Kerr

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: Fraser

text: was

text: installed

text: as

text: caretaker

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: pending

text: an

text: election

text: Fraser

text: won

text: in

text: a

text: landslide

text: at

text: the

text: resulting

text: election

question: On what day did the 1975 constitutional crisis deadlock end?

answer: 11 November 1975

text: 11 November 1975

question: How did the gridlock between Whitlam and Fraser end?

answer: the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr

text: the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr

question: Who won the 1975 election by large margin?

answer: Fraser

text: Fraser


text: Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes building wire, communications cable, power distribution cable, appliance wire, automotive wire and cable, and magnet wire. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Despite

text: competition

text: from

text: other

text: materials

text: copper

text: remains

text: the

text: preferred

text: electrical

text: conductor

text: in

text: nearly

text: all

text: categories

text: of

text: electrical

text: wiring

text: with

text: the

text: major

text: exception

text: being

text: overhead

text: electric

text: power

text: transmission

text: where

text: aluminium

text: is

text: often

text: preferred

text: Copper

text: wire

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: power

text: generation

text: power

text: transmission

text: power

text: distribution

text: telecommunications

text: electronics

text: circuitry

text: and

text: countless

text: types

text: of

text: electrical

text: equipment

text: Electrical

text: wiring

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: market

text: for

text: the

text: copper

text: industry

text: This

text: includes

text: building

text: wire

text: communications

text: cable

text: power

text: distribution

text: cable

text: appliance

text: wire

text: automotive

text: wire

text: and

text: cable

text: and

text: magnet

text: wire

text: Roughly

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: copper

text: mined

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: manufacture

text: electrical

text: wire

text: and

text: cable

text: conductors

text: Many

text: electrical

text: devices

text: rely

text: on

text: copper

text: wiring

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: multitude

text: of

text: inherent

text: beneficial

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: its

text: high

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: tensile

text: strength

text: ductility

text: creep

text: deformation

text: resistance

text: corrosion

text: resistance

text: low

text: thermal

text: expansion

text: high

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: solderability

text: and

text: ease

text: of

text: installation

question: What metal is used most often in electrical wiring?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What is the most important market for copper today?

answer: Electrical wiring

text: Electrical wiring

question: How much of mined copper is used for cables and electrical wiring?

answer: Roughly half

text: Roughly half

question: What metal are most overhead electrical wires made out of?

answer: aluminium

text: aluminium

question: What is one property of copper that makes it so useful in electrical wiring?

answer: high electrical conductivity

text: high electrical conductivity


text: From May 13 to May 16 in 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America. The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: From

text: May

text: to

text: May

text: in

text: Johnson

text: hosted

text: a

text: conference

text: for

text: organized

text: crime

text: figures

text: from

text: all

text: across

text: America

text: The

text: men

text: who

text: called

text: this

text: meeting

text: were

text: Masseria

text: family

text: lieutenant

text: Charles

text: Lucky

text: Luciano

text: and

text: former

text: Chicago

text: South

text: Side

text: Gang

text: boss

text: Johnny

text: the

text: Fox

text: Torrio

text: with

text: heads

text: of

text: the

text: Bugs

text: and

text: Meyer

text: Mob

text: Meyer

text: Lansky

text: and

text: Benjamin

text: Siegel

text: being

text: used

text: as

text: muscle

text: for

text: the

text: meeting

question: Who was a meeting organized for in 1929 in Atlantic City?

answer: organized crime figures from all across America

text: organized crime figures from all across America

question: What family was Charles

answer: Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio

text: Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio

question: In what year was there a conference for organized crime figures in Atlantic City?

answer: 1929

question: For which family was Charles "Lucky" Luciano a lieutenant?

answer: Masseria family

text: Masseria family

question: What was Charles Luciano's nickname?

answer: Lucky

text: Lucky

question: Who was a former Chicago South Side Gang boss?

answer: Johnny "the Fox" Torrio

text: Johnny "the Fox" Torrio

question: What was Johnny Torrio's nickname?

answer: the Fox

text: the Fox


text: Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness such as reflexes can be mediated by the spinal cord or peripheral ganglia, but sophisticated purposeful control of behavior based on complex sensory input requires the information integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Physiologically

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: is

text: to

text: exert

text: centralized

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: other

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: The

text: brain

text: acts

text: on

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: both

text: by

text: generating

text: patterns

text: of

text: muscle

text: activity

text: and

text: by

text: driving

text: the

text: secretion

text: of

text: chemicals

text: called

text: hormones

text: This

text: centralized

text: control

text: allows

text: rapid

text: and

text: coordinated

text: responses

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: Some

text: basic

text: types

text: of

text: responsiveness

text: such

text: as

text: reflexes

text: can

text: be

text: mediated

text: by

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: or

text: peripheral

text: ganglia

text: but

text: sophisticated

text: purposeful

text: control

text: of

text: behavior

text: based

text: on

text: complex

text: sensory

text: input

text: requires

text: the

text: information

text: integrating

text: capabilities

text: of

text: a

text: centralized

text: brain

question: Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body?

answer: The brain

text: The brain

question: What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain?

answer: reflexes

text: reflexes

question: Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body?

answer: spinal cord or peripheral ganglia

text: spinal cord or peripheral ganglia


text: Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investments and fixed assets) and file annual reports in order to maintain their charitable status. In determining whether an organization can become a charity, CRA applies a common law test to its stated objects and activities. These must be:

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Canada

text: also

text: permits

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: charities

text: including

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: foundations

text: Charitable

text: status

text: is

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: Canada

text: Revenue

text: Agency

text: CRA

text: upon

text: application

text: by

text: a

text: nonprofit

text: charities

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: issue

text: income

text: tax

text: receipts

text: to

text: donors

text: must

text: spend

text: a

text: certain

text: percentage

text: of

text: their

text: assets

text: including

text: cash

text: investments

text: and

text: fixed

text: assets

text: and

text: file

text: annual

text: reports

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: maintain

text: their

text: charitable

text: status

text: In

text: determining

text: whether

text: an

text: organization

text: can

text: become

text: a

text: charity

text: CRA

text: applies

text: a

text: common

text: law

text: test

text: to

text: its

text: stated

text: objects

text: and

text: activities

text: These

text: must

text: be

question: Who grants a charitable status to an NPO in Canada?

answer: Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)

text: Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)

question: What are donors to receive from a NPO?

answer: income tax receipts

text: income tax receipts

question: How does an NPO keep their charitable status?

answer: file annual reports

text: file annual reports

question: How does the Canada Revenue Agency decide who can have a charitable status?

answer: a common law test to its stated objects and activities

text: a common law test to its stated objects and activities

question: What kinds of assets must the NPO spend in order to keep it's charitable status?

answer: cash, investments and fixed assets

text: cash, investments and fixed assets


text: Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Federal

text: law

text: originates

text: with

text: the

text: Constitution

text: which

text: gives

text: Congress

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: enact

text: statutes

text: for

text: certain

text: limited

text: purposes

text: like

text: regulating

text: interstate

text: commerce

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: compilation

text: and

text: codification

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: and

text: permanent

text: federal

text: statutes

text: Many

text: statutes

text: give

text: executive

text: branch

text: agencies

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: create

text: regulations

text: which

text: are

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: Federal

text: Register

text: and

text: codified

text: into

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Federal

text: Regulations

text: Regulations

text: generally

text: also

text: carry

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: law

text: under

text: the

text: Chevron

text: doctrine

text: Many

text: lawsuits

text: turn

text: on

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: a

text: federal

text: statute

text: or

text: regulation

text: and

text: judicial

text: interpretations

text: of

text: such

text: meaning

text: carry

text: legal

text: force

text: under

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: stare

text: decisis

question: What does federal law come from?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: What do you call the official compilation and codification of federal statutes?

answer: The United States Code

text: The United States Code

question: Where are regulations published?

answer: in the Federal Register

text: in the Federal Register

question: Where are regulations codified into?

answer: Code of Federal Regulations

text: Code of Federal Regulations

question: Where does federal law begin?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: Who has the power and right to enact statutes for interstate dealings?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: What is the compilation and codification of all federal statutes?

answer: The United States Code

text: The United States Code

question: Who do the statutes give the power of creating regulations?

answer: executive branch agencies

text: executive branch agencies

question: Where are the regulations from executive branch agencies found?

answer: the Code of Federal Regulations

text: the Code of Federal Regulations


text: The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: curious

text: location

text: on

text: Catalina

text: Island

text: stemmed

text: from

text: Cubs

text: owner

text: William

text: Wrigley

text: Jr.

text: 's

text: then

text: majority

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: Wrigley

text: constructed

text: a

text: ballpark

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: Cubs

text: in

text: spring

text: training

text: it

text: was

text: built

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: dimensions

text: as

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: The

text: ballpark

text: is

text: long

text: gone

text: but

text: a

text: clubhouse

text: built

text: by

text: Wrigley

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: Cubs

text: exists

text: as

text: the

text: Catalina

text: County

text: Club

text: However

text: by

text: the

text: team

text: chose

text: to

text: leave

text: Catalina

text: Island

text: and

text: spring

text: training

text: was

text: shifted

text: to

text: Mesa

text: Arizona

text: The

text: Cubs

text: association

text: with

text: Catalina

text: is

text: chronicled

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: The

text: Cubs

text: on

text: Catalina

text: by

text: Jim

text: Vitti

text: which

text: was

text: named

text: International

text: Book

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: by

text: The

text: Sporting

text: News

question: Who had a majority interest in Cataline island  in 1919?

answer: William Wrigley Jr

text: William Wrigley Jr

question: What did Wrigley construct on the island to house the Cubs in Spring training?

answer: a ballpark

text: a ballpark

question: When did the Cubs choose to leave Catalina Island?

answer: 1951


text: Other supportive evidence includes: a ≥20% difference in peak expiratory flow rate on at least three days in a week for at least two weeks, a ≥20% improvement of peak flow following treatment with either salbutamol, inhaled corticosteroids or prednisone, or a ≥20% decrease in peak flow following exposure to a trigger. Testing peak expiratory flow is more variable than spirometry, however, and thus not recommended for routine diagnosis. It may be useful for daily self-monitoring in those with moderate to severe disease and for checking the effectiveness of new medications. It may also be helpful in guiding treatment in those with acute exacerbations.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Other

text: supportive

text: evidence

text: includes

text: a

text: difference

text: in

text: peak

text: expiratory

text: flow

text: rate

text: on

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: days

text: in

text: a

text: week

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: weeks

text: a

text: improvement

text: of

text: peak

text: flow

text: following

text: treatment

text: with

text: either

text: salbutamol

text: inhaled

text: corticosteroids

text: or

text: prednisone

text: or

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: peak

text: flow

text: following

text: exposure

text: to

text: a

text: trigger

text: Testing

text: peak

text: expiratory

text: flow

text: is

text: more

text: variable

text: than

text: spirometry

text: however

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: recommended

text: for

text: routine

text: diagnosis

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: daily

text: self

text: monitoring

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: moderate

text: to

text: severe

text: disease

text: and

text: for

text: checking

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: new

text: medications

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: helpful

text: in

text: guiding

text: treatment

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: acute

text: exacerbations

question: What is the rate that is used in most of the evidence?

answer: ≥20%

question: What is more variable than spirometry but not recommended?

answer: . Testing peak expiratory flow

text: . Testing peak expiratory flow


text: Matches are held within a wrestling ring, an elevated square canvas mat with posts on each corner. A cloth apron hangs over the edges of the ring. Three horizontal ropes or cables surround the ring, suspended with turnbuckles which are connected to the posts. For safety, the ropes are padded at the turnbuckles and cushioned mats surround the floor outside the ring. Guardrails or a similar barrier enclose this area from the audience. Wrestlers are generally expected to stay within the confines of the ring, though matches sometimes end up outside the ring, and even in the audience, to add excitement.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Matches

text: are

text: held

text: within

text: a

text: wrestling

text: ring

text: an

text: elevated

text: square

text: canvas

text: mat

text: with

text: posts

text: on

text: each

text: corner

text: A

text: cloth

text: apron

text: hangs

text: over

text: the

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: Three

text: horizontal

text: ropes

text: or

text: cables

text: surround

text: the

text: ring

text: suspended

text: with

text: turnbuckles

text: which

text: are

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: posts

text: For

text: safety

text: the

text: ropes

text: are

text: padded

text: at

text: the

text: turnbuckles

text: and

text: cushioned

text: mats

text: surround

text: the

text: floor

text: outside

text: the

text: ring

text: Guardrails

text: or

text: a

text: similar

text: barrier

text: enclose

text: this

text: area

text: from

text: the

text: audience

text: Wrestlers

text: are

text: generally

text: expected

text: to

text: stay

text: within

text: the

text: confines

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: though

text: matches

text: sometimes

text: end

text: up

text: outside

text: the

text: ring

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: add

text: excitement

question: What material is within a wrestling ring?

answer: an elevated square canvas mat with posts on each corner.

text: an elevated square canvas mat with posts on each corner.

question: What is around the ring?

answer: Three horizontal ropes or cables surround the ring,

text: Three horizontal ropes or cables surround the ring,

question: What is used for protection in the ring?

answer: For safety, the ropes are padded at the turnbuckles and cushioned mats surround the floor outside the ring.

text: For safety, the ropes are padded at the turnbuckles and cushioned mats surround the floor outside the ring.


text: New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewables, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives. Based on these new rules, many more utilities strengthened their clean-energy programs. Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise. Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth. The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: New

text: government

text: spending

text: regulation

text: and

text: policies

text: helped

text: the

text: industry

text: weather

text: the

text: economic

text: crisis

text: better

text: than

text: many

text: other

text: sectors

text: Most

text: notably

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: 's

text: American

text: Recovery

text: and

text: Reinvestment

text: Act

text: of

text: included

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: in

text: direct

text: spending

text: and

text: tax

text: credits

text: for

text: clean

text: energy

text: and

text: associated

text: transportation

text: programs

text: This

text: policy

text: stimulus

text: combination

text: represents

text: the

text: largest

text: federal

text: commitment

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: for

text: renewables

text: advanced

text: transportation

text: and

text: energy

text: conservation

text: initiatives

text: Based

text: on

text: these

text: new

text: rules

text: many

text: more

text: utilities

text: strengthened

text: their

text: clean

text: energy

text: programs

text: Clean

text: Edge

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: commercialization

text: of

text: clean

text: energy

text: will

text: help

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: current

text: economic

text: malaise

text: Once

text: promising

text: solar

text: energy

text: company

text: Solyndra

text: became

text: involved

text: in

text: a

text: political

text: controversy

text: involving

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: 's

text: administration

text: 's

text: authorization

text: of

text: a

text: million

text: loan

text: guarantee

text: to

text: the

text: Corporation

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: program

text: to

text: promote

text: alternative

text: energy

text: growth

text: The

text: company

text: ceased

text: all

text: business

text: activity

text: filed

text: for

text: Chapter

text: bankruptcy

text: and

text: laid

text: off

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: employees

text: in

text: early

text: September

question: What helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors?

answer: New government spending, regulation, and policies

text: New government spending, regulation, and policies

question: What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?

answer: commercialization of clean energy

text: commercialization of clean energy

question: Which company became invovled in a political controversy?

answer: Solyndra

text: Solyndra

question: What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?

answer: Solyndra

text: Solyndra


text: Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national government "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers." Alexander Hamilton, writing in "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit: "If their [the peoples'] rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress." (1)

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Federalism

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: evolving

text: relationship

text: between

text: state

text: governments

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: American

text: government

text: has

text: evolved

text: from

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: dual

text: federalism

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: associative

text: federalism

text: In

text: Federalist

text: No

text: James

text: Madison

text: asserted

text: that

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: national

text: government

text: are

text: in

text: fact

text: but

text: different

text: agents

text: and

text: trustees

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: constituted

text: with

text: different

text: powers

text: Alexander

text: Hamilton

text: writing

text: in

text: Federalist

text: No

text: suggested

text: that

text: both

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: would

text: exercise

text: authority

text: to

text: the

text: citizens

text: benefit

text: If

text: their

text: the

text: peoples

text: rights

text: are

text: invaded

text: by

text: either

text: they

text: can

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: as

text: the

text: instrument

text: of

text: redress

question: What is federalism in the United States?

answer: ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States

text: ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States

question: How has the American government evolved?

answer: American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism.

text: American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism.

question: What happened in Federalist No.46?

answer: James Madison asserted that the states and national government

text: James Madison asserted that the states and national government

question: What happened in Federalist No. 28

answer: "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit

text: "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit


text: The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: main

text: active

text: ingredient

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: alcohol

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: health

text: effects

text: of

text: alcohol

text: apply

text: to

text: beer

text: Consumption

text: of

text: small

text: quantities

text: of

text: alcohol

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: drink

text: in

text: women

text: and

text: two

text: in

text: men

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: decreased

text: risk

text: of

text: cardiac

text: disease

text: stroke

text: and

text: diabetes

text: mellitus

text: The

text: long

text: term

text: health

text: effects

text: of

text: continuous

text: moderate

text: or

text: heavy

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: include

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: developing

text: alcoholism

text: and

text: alcoholic

text: liver

text: disease

text: A

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: deaths

text: of

text: all

text: deaths

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: alcohol

text: Alcoholism

text: often

text: reduces

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: expectancy

text: by

text: around

text: ten

text: years

text: Alcohol

text: use

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: early

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What is beers primary active ingredient?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: What disease can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption?

answer: alcoholic liver disease

text: alcoholic liver disease

question: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy?

answer: around ten

text: around ten

question: What is the third leading cause of premature dying in the US?

answer: Alcohol

text: Alcohol

question: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol?

answer: 3.3 million

text: 3.3 million


text: The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: The

text: mantle

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: to

text: Earth

text: masses

text: and

text: is

text: rich

text: in

text: water

text: ammonia

text: and

text: methane

text: As

text: is

text: customary

text: in

text: planetary

text: science

text: this

text: mixture

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: icy

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: hot

text: dense

text: fluid

text: This

text: fluid

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: high

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: a

text: water

text: ammonia

text: ocean

text: The

text: mantle

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: a

text: layer

text: of

text: ionic

text: water

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: water

text: molecules

text: break

text: down

text: into

text: a

text: soup

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: oxygen

text: ions

text: and

text: deeper

text: down

text: superionic

text: water

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: oxygen

text: crystallises

text: but

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: ions

text: float

text: around

text: freely

text: within

text: the

text: oxygen

text: lattice

text: At

text: a

text: depth

text: of

text: km

text: the

text: conditions

text: may

text: be

text: such

text: that

text: methane

text: decomposes

text: into

text: diamond

text: crystals

text: that

text: rain

text: downwards

text: like

text: hailstones

text: Very

text: high

text: pressure

text: experiments

text: at

text: the

text: Lawrence

text: Livermore

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: mantle

text: may

text: comprise

text: an

text: ocean

text: of

text: liquid

text: carbon

text: with

text: floating

text: solid

text: diamonds

question: What is Neptune's mantle rich in?

answer: water, ammonia and methane

text: water, ammonia and methane

question: What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as?

answer: icy

text: icy

question: What does the fluid in Neptune have a high conductivity of?

answer: electrical

text: electrical

question: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go?

answer: 7000 km

text: 7000 km

question: What rains on Neptune?

answer: diamond crystals

text: diamond crystals


text: Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness. The area was also characterized as "one of the finest building sites in Florida." The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami." Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300. It was named for the nearby Miami River, derived from Mayaimi, the historic name of Lake Okeechobee.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: is

text: noted

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: conceived

text: by

text: a

text: woman

text: Julia

text: Tuttle

text: a

text: local

text: citrus

text: grower

text: and

text: a

text: wealthy

text: Cleveland

text: native

text: The

text: Miami

text: area

text: was

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: Country

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: its

text: growth

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: reports

text: described

text: the

text: area

text: as

text: a

text: promising

text: wilderness

text: The

text: area

text: was

text: also

text: characterized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: building

text: sites

text: in

text: Florida

text: The

text: Great

text: Freeze

text: of

text: hastened

text: Miami

text: 's

text: growth

text: as

text: the

text: crops

text: of

text: the

text: Miami

text: area

text: were

text: the

text: only

text: ones

text: in

text: Florida

text: that

text: survived

text: Julia

text: Tuttle

text: subsequently

text: convinced

text: Henry

text: Flagler

text: a

text: railroad

text: tycoon

text: to

text: expand

text: his

text: Florida

text: East

text: Coast

text: Railway

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: for

text: which

text: she

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Miami

text: Miami

text: was

text: officially

text: incorporated

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: on

text: July

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: just

text: over

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: nearby

text: Miami

text: River

text: derived

text: from

text: Mayaimi

text: the

text: historic

text: name

text: of

text: Lake

text: Okeechobee

question: Where was Julia Tuttle born?

answer: Cleveland

text: Cleveland

question: Prior to the naming of Miami, what was the area around Miami called?

answer: Biscayne Bay Country

text: Biscayne Bay Country

question: When did the Great Freeze occur?

answer: 1894–95

question: What railroad was owned by Henry Flagler?

answer: Florida East Coast Railway

text: Florida East Coast Railway

question: Who was "the mother of Miami"?

answer: Julia Tuttle

text: Julia Tuttle


text: The average annual rainfall ranges from very low in the northern and southern fringes of the desert to nearly non-existent over the central and the eastern part. The thin northern fringe of the desert receives more winter cloudiness and rainfall due to the arrival of low pressure systems over the Mediterranean Sea along the polar front, although very attenuated by the rain shadow effects of the mountains and the annual average rainfall ranges from 100 mm (3,93 in) to 250 mm (9,84 in). For example, Biskra, Algeria and Ouarzazate, Morocco are found in this zone. The southern fringe of the desert along the border with the Sahel receives summer cloudiness and rainfall due to the arrival of the Intertropical Convergence Zone from the south and the annual average rainfall ranges from 100 mm (3,93 in) to 250 mm (9,84 in). For example, Timbuktu, Mali and Agadez, Niger are found in this zone. The vast central hyper-arid core of the desert is virtually never affected by northerly or southerly atmospheric disturbances and permanently remains under the influence of the strongest anticyclonic weather regime and the annual average rainfall can drop to less than 1 mm (0.04 in). In fact, most of the Sahara receives less than 20 mm (0.79 in). Of the 9,000,000 km2 of desert land in the Sahara, an area of about 2,800,000 km2 (about 31% of the total area) receives an annual average rainfall amount of 10 mm (0.39 in) or less, while some 1,500,000 km2 (about 17% of the total area) receive an average of 5 mm or less. The annual average rainfall is virtually zero over a wide area of some 1,000,000 km2 in the eastern Sahara comprising deserts of Libya, Egypt and Sudan (Tazirbu, Kufra, Dakhla, Kharga, Farafra, Siwa, Asyut, Sohag, Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, Wadi Halfa) where the long-term mean approximates 0.5 mm per year. The rainfall is very unreliable and erratic in the Sahara as it may vary considerably year by year. In full contrast to the negligible annual rainfall amounts, the annual rates of potential evaporation are extraordinarily high, roughly ranging from 2,500 mm/year to more than 6,000 mm/year in the whole desert. Nowhere else on Earth has air been found as dry and evaporative as in the Sahara region. With such an evaporative power, the Sahara can only be desiccated and dried out further more and the moisture deficit is tremendous.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: The

text: average

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: ranges

text: from

text: very

text: low

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: and

text: southern

text: fringes

text: of

text: the

text: desert

text: to

text: nearly

text: non

text: existent

text: over

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: The

text: thin

text: northern

text: fringe

text: of

text: the

text: desert

text: receives

text: more

text: winter

text: cloudiness

text: and

text: rainfall

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: low

text: pressure

text: systems

text: over

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: polar

text: front

text: although

text: very

text: attenuated

text: by

text: the

text: rain

text: shadow

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: average

text: rainfall

text: ranges

text: from

text: mm

text: in

text: to

text: mm

text: in

text: For

text: example

text: Biskra

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Ouarzazate

text: Morocco

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: this

text: zone

text: The

text: southern

text: fringe

text: of

text: the

text: desert

text: along

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Sahel

text: receives

text: summer

text: cloudiness

text: and

text: rainfall

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Intertropical

text: Convergence

text: Zone

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: average

text: rainfall

text: ranges

text: from

text: mm

text: in

text: to

text: mm

text: in

text: For

text: example

text: Timbuktu

text: Mali

text: and

text: Agadez

text: Niger

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: this

text: zone

text: The

text: vast

text: central

text: hyper

text: arid

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: desert

text: is

text: virtually

text: never

text: affected

text: by

text: northerly

text: or

text: southerly

text: atmospheric

text: disturbances

text: and

text: permanently

text: remains

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: strongest

text: anticyclonic

text: weather

text: regime

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: average

text: rainfall

text: can

text: drop

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: mm

text: in

text: In

text: fact

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: receives

text: less

text: than

text: mm

text: in

text: Of

text: the

text: of

text: desert

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: Sahara

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: area

text: receives

text: an

text: annual

text: average

text: rainfall

text: amount

text: of

text: mm

text: in

text: or

text: less

text: while

text: some

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: area

text: receive

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: mm

text: or

text: less

text: The

text: annual

text: average

text: rainfall

text: is

text: virtually

text: zero

text: over

text: a

text: wide

text: area

text: of

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: Sahara

text: comprising

text: deserts

text: of

text: Libya

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Sudan

text: Tazirbu

text: Kufra

text: Dakhla

text: Kharga

text: Farafra

text: Siwa

text: Asyut

text: Sohag

text: Luxor

text: Aswan

text: Abu

text: Simbel

text: Wadi

text: Halfa

text: where

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: mean

text: approximates

text: mm

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: rainfall

text: is

text: very

text: unreliable

text: and

text: erratic

text: in

text: the

text: Sahara

text: as

text: it

text: may

text: vary

text: considerably

text: year

text: by

text: year

text: In

text: full

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: negligible

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: amounts

text: the

text: annual

text: rates

text: of

text: potential

text: evaporation

text: are

text: extraordinarily

text: high

text: roughly

text: ranging

text: from

text: mm

text: year

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: mm

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: desert

text: Nowhere

text: else

text: on

text: Earth

text: has

text: air

text: been

text: found

text: as

text: dry

text: and

text: evaporative

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Sahara

text: region

text: With

text: such

text: an

text: evaporative

text: power

text: the

text: Sahara

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: desiccated

text: and

text: dried

text: out

text: further

text: more

text: and

text: the

text: moisture

text: deficit

text: is

text: tremendous

question: What is the reason the northern fringe receives more   cloudiness and rainfall?

answer: low pressure systems

text: low pressure systems

question: What is the average rainfall of the Sahara?

answer: less than 1 mm

text: less than 1 mm

question: How much desert land is the Sahara?

answer: 9,000,000 km2 of desert land

text: 9,000,000 km2 of desert land

question: What causes the southern fringe to receive cloudiness and   rainfall?

answer: Intertropical Convergence Zone

text: Intertropical Convergence Zone


text: In his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics "humanist anti-humanists". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own. Others, like the German philosopher Heidegger considered themselves humanists on the model of the ancient Greeks, but thought humanism applied only to the German "race" and specifically to the Nazis and thus, in Davies' words, were anti-humanist humanists. Such a reading of Heidegger's thought is itself deeply controversial; Heidegger includes his own views and critique of Humanism in Letter On Humanism. Davies acknowledges that after the horrific experiences of the wars of the 20th century "it should no longer be possible to formulate phrases like 'the destiny of man' or the 'triumph of human reason' without an instant consciousness of the folly and brutality they drag behind them". For "it is almost impossible to think of a crime that has not been committed in the name of human reason". Yet, he continues, "it would be unwise to simply abandon the ground occupied by the historical humanisms. For one thing humanism remains on many occasions the only available alternative to bigotry and persecution. The freedom to speak and write, to organise and campaign in defence of individual or collective interests, to protest and disobey: all these can only be articulated in humanist terms."

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: In

text: his

text: book

text: Humanism

text: Tony

text: Davies

text: calls

text: these

text: critics

text: humanist

text: anti

text: humanists

text: Critics

text: of

text: antihumanism

text: most

text: notably

text: Jürgen

text: Habermas

text: counter

text: that

text: while

text: antihumanists

text: may

text: highlight

text: humanism

text: 's

text: failure

text: to

text: fulfil

text: its

text: emancipatory

text: ideal

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: offer

text: an

text: alternative

text: emancipatory

text: project

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: Others

text: like

text: the

text: German

text: philosopher

text: Heidegger

text: considered

text: themselves

text: humanists

text: on

text: the

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greeks

text: but

text: thought

text: humanism

text: applied

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: race

text: and

text: specifically

text: to

text: the

text: Nazis

text: and

text: thus

text: in

text: Davies

text: words

text: were

text: anti

text: humanist

text: humanists

text: Such

text: a

text: reading

text: of

text: Heidegger

text: 's

text: thought

text: is

text: itself

text: deeply

text: controversial

text: Heidegger

text: includes

text: his

text: own

text: views

text: and

text: critique

text: of

text: Humanism

text: in

text: Letter

text: On

text: Humanism

text: Davies

text: acknowledges

text: that

text: after

text: the

text: horrific

text: experiences

text: of

text: the

text: wars

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: should

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: possible

text: to

text: formulate

text: phrases

text: like

text: the

text: destiny

text: of

text: man

text: or

text: the

text: triumph

text: of

text: human

text: reason

text: without

text: an

text: instant

text: consciousness

text: of

text: the

text: folly

text: and

text: brutality

text: they

text: drag

text: behind

text: them

text: For

text: it

text: is

text: almost

text: impossible

text: to

text: think

text: of

text: a

text: crime

text: that

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: committed

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: human

text: reason

text: Yet

text: he

text: continues

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: unwise

text: to

text: simply

text: abandon

text: the

text: ground

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: historical

text: humanisms

text: For

text: one

text: thing

text: humanism

text: remains

text: on

text: many

text: occasions

text: the

text: only

text: available

text: alternative

text: to

text: bigotry

text: and

text: persecution

text: The

text: freedom

text: to

text: speak

text: and

text: write

text: to

text: organise

text: and

text: campaign

text: in

text: defence

text: of

text: individual

text: or

text: collective

text: interests

text: to

text: protest

text: and

text: disobey

text: all

text: these

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: articulated

text: in

text: humanist

text: terms

question: In what year was the book humanism published?

answer: 1997

question: In what century was the horrific wars?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: What is the only alternative to bigotry and persecution on many occasions?

answer: humanism

text: humanism

question: Who wrote the book humanism?

answer: Tony Davies

text: Tony Davies


text: Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. Other substantial employers include the university with almost 3,000 staff, as well as the Tamar Science Park employing 500 people in 50 companies. Several employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth, including Hemsley Fraser.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Devonport

text: Dockyard

text: is

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: only

text: naval

text: base

text: that

text: refits

text: nuclear

text: submarines

text: and

text: the

text: Navy

text: estimates

text: that

text: the

text: Dockyard

text: generates

text: about

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: 's

text: income

text: Plymouth

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: cluster

text: of

text: marine

text: and

text: maritime

text: businesses

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: with

text: firms

text: operating

text: within

text: the

text: sector

text: Other

text: substantial

text: employers

text: include

text: the

text: university

text: with

text: almost

text: staff

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Tamar

text: Science

text: Park

text: employing

text: people

text: in

text: companies

text: Several

text: employers

text: have

text: chosen

text: to

text: locate

text: their

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Plymouth

text: including

text: Hemsley

text: Fraser

question: About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?

answer: 10%

question: What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?

answer: Devonport Dockyard

text: Devonport Dockyard

question: How many maritime businesses operate in Plymouth?

answer: 270

question: How many people work in Tamar Science Park?

answer: 500

question: What is a notable company based in Plymouth?

answer: Hemsley Fraser

text: Hemsley Fraser


text: At times a character may "turn", altering their face/heel alignment. This may be an abrupt, surprising event, or it may slowly build up over time. It almost always is accomplished with a markable change in behavior on the part of the character. Some turns become defining points in a wrestler's career, as was the case when Hulk Hogan turned heel after being a top face for over a decade. Others may have no noticeable effect on the character's status. If a character repeatedly switches between being a face and heel, this lessens the effect of such turns, and may result in apathy from the audience. Vince McMahon is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: At

text: times

text: a

text: character

text: may

text: turn

text: altering

text: their

text: face

text: heel

text: alignment

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: abrupt

text: surprising

text: event

text: or

text: it

text: may

text: slowly

text: build

text: up

text: over

text: time

text: It

text: almost

text: always

text: is

text: accomplished

text: with

text: a

text: markable

text: change

text: in

text: behavior

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: Some

text: turns

text: become

text: defining

text: points

text: in

text: a

text: wrestler

text: 's

text: career

text: as

text: was

text: the

text: case

text: when

text: Hulk

text: Hogan

text: turned

text: heel

text: after

text: being

text: a

text: top

text: face

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: decade

text: Others

text: may

text: have

text: no

text: noticeable

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: character

text: 's

text: status

text: If

text: a

text: character

text: repeatedly

text: switches

text: between

text: being

text: a

text: face

text: and

text: heel

text: this

text: lessens

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: such

text: turns

text: and

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: apathy

text: from

text: the

text: audience

text: Vince

text: McMahon

text: is

text: a

text: good

text: example

text: of

text: having

text: more

text: heel

text: and

text: face

text: turns

text: than

text: anyone

text: in

text: WWE

text: history

question: What might a character do with their persona?

answer: turn

text: turn

question: What did Hulk Hogan become?

answer: heel

text: heel

question: Who has the most turns in the WWE?

answer: Vince McMahon

text: Vince McMahon


text: Constantius, renewing his previous policies favoring the Arians, banished Athanasius from Alexandria once again. This was followed, in 356, by an attempt to arrest Athanasius during a vigil service. Athanasius fled to Upper Egypt, where he stayed in several monasteries and other houses. During this period, Athanasius completed his work Four Orations against the Arians and defended his own recent conduct in the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. Constantius's persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Constantius

text: renewing

text: his

text: previous

text: policies

text: favoring

text: the

text: Arians

text: banished

text: Athanasius

text: from

text: Alexandria

text: once

text: again

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: in

text: by

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: arrest

text: Athanasius

text: during

text: a

text: vigil

text: service

text: Athanasius

text: fled

text: to

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: where

text: he

text: stayed

text: in

text: several

text: monasteries

text: and

text: other

text: houses

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Athanasius

text: completed

text: his

text: work

text: Four

text: Orations

text: against

text: the

text: Arians

text: and

text: defended

text: his

text: own

text: recent

text: conduct

text: in

text: the

text: Apology

text: to

text: Constantius

text: and

text: Apology

text: for

text: His

text: Flight

text: Constantius

text: 's

text: persistence

text: in

text: his

text: opposition

text: to

text: Athanasius

text: combined

text: with

text: reports

text: Athanasius

text: received

text: about

text: the

text: persecution

text: of

text: non

text: Arians

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: Arian

text: bishop

text: George

text: of

text: Laodicea

text: prompted

text: Athanasius

text: to

text: write

text: his

text: more

text: emotional

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Arians

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: described

text: Constantius

text: as

text: a

text: precursor

text: of

text: the

text: Antichrist

question: Who had a policy of condemning Athanasius?

answer: the Arians

text: the Arians

question: What was Athanasius doing the next time an arrest was attempted?

answer: a vigil service

text: a vigil service

question: Where did Athanasius flee to after this attempt?

answer: Upper Egypt

text: Upper Egypt

question: In which work did he refer to Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist?

answer: History of the Arians

text: History of the Arians

question: What did he write during this time?

answer: Four Orations against the Arians

text: Four Orations against the Arians


text: The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: Compacts

text: of

text: Free

text: Association

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Federated

text: States

text: of

text: Micronesia

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Palau

text: accorded

text: the

text: former

text: entities

text: of

text: the

text: Trust

text: Territory

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: a

text: political

text: status

text: of

text: free

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Compacts

text: give

text: citizens

text: of

text: these

text: island

text: nations

text: generally

text: no

text: restrictions

text: to

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: its

text: territories

text: and

text: many

text: were

text: attracted

text: to

text: Guam

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: proximity

text: environmental

text: and

text: cultural

text: familiarity

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: it

text: was

text: claimed

text: by

text: some

text: in

text: Guam

text: that

text: the

text: territory

text: has

text: had

text: to

text: bear

text: the

text: brunt

text: of

text: this

text: agreement

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: public

text: assistance

text: programs

text: and

text: public

text: education

text: for

text: those

text: from

text: the

text: regions

text: involved

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: should

text: compensate

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: affected

text: by

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: migration.[citation

text: needed

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: Congress

text: had

text: appropriated

text: Compact

text: Impact

text: aids

text: to

text: Guam

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: eventually

text: this

text: appropriation

text: was

text: written

text: into

text: each

text: renewed

text: Compact

text: Some

text: however

text: continue

text: to

text: claim

text: the

text: compensation

text: is

text: not

text: enough

text: or

text: that

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: actual

text: compensation

text: received

text: is

text: significantly

text: disproportionate.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?

answer: The Compacts of Free Association

text: The Compacts of Free Association

question: What is the benefit of the  Compacts of Free Association?

answer: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)

text: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)

question: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?

answer: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement

text: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement


text: Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms. Hence, Austria's prestige was restored in great part and the empire secured its position as a major player in the European system. Also, by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections, Frederick II accepted the Habsburg preeminence in the Holy Roman Empire. The survival of Prussia as a first-rate power and the enhanced prestige of its king and its army, however, was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Austria

text: was

text: not

text: able

text: to

text: retake

text: Silesia

text: or

text: make

text: any

text: significant

text: territorial

text: gain

text: However

text: it

text: did

text: prevent

text: Prussia

text: from

text: invading

text: parts

text: of

text: Saxony

text: More

text: significantly

text: its

text: military

text: performance

text: proved

text: far

text: better

text: than

text: during

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Succession

text: and

text: seemed

text: to

text: vindicate

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: 's

text: administrative

text: and

text: military

text: reforms

text: Hence

text: Austria

text: 's

text: prestige

text: was

text: restored

text: in

text: great

text: part

text: and

text: the

text: empire

text: secured

text: its

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: player

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: system

text: Also

text: by

text: promising

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: Joseph

text: II

text: in

text: the

text: Imperial

text: elections

text: Frederick

text: II

text: accepted

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: preeminence

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: The

text: survival

text: of

text: Prussia

text: as

text: a

text: first

text: rate

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: enhanced

text: prestige

text: of

text: its

text: king

text: and

text: its

text: army

text: however

text: was

text: potentially

text: damaging

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: to

text: Austria

text: 's

text: influence

text: in

text: Germany

question: What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war?

answer: Austria's prestige was restored in great part

text: Austria's prestige was restored in great part

question: How would Prussia's outcome affect Austria in the long run?

answer: was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

text: was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

question: What area was preserved from Prussian invasion?

answer: it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony

text: it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony

question: Did Austria get Silesia back?

answer: Austria was not able to retake Silesia

text: Austria was not able to retake Silesia

question: Who did Frederick II promise to vote for in the imperial elections?

answer: by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections

text: by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections