text: On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles, with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, the governor sustained a minor injury to his lip, requiring 15 stitches. "No citations were issued", said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman. Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: On

text: January

text: while

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: riding

text: his

text: Harley

text: Davidson

text: motorcycle

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: with

text: his

text: son

text: Patrick

text: in

text: the

text: sidecar

text: another

text: driver

text: backed

text: into

text: the

text: street

text: he

text: was

text: riding

text: on

text: causing

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: to

text: collide

text: with

text: the

text: car

text: at

text: a

text: low

text: speed

text: While

text: his

text: son

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: driver

text: were

text: unharmed

text: the

text: governor

text: sustained

text: a

text: minor

text: injury

text: to

text: his

text: lip

text: requiring

text: stitches

text: No

text: citations

text: were

text: issued

text: said

text: Officer

text: Jason

text: Lee

text: a

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Police

text: Department

text: spokesman

text: Schwarzenegger

text: did

text: not

text: obtain

text: his

text: motorcycle

text: license

text: until

text: July

question: Which of Schwarzenegger's sons was with him when he had a motorcycle accident in 2006?

answer: Patrick

text: Patrick


text: Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects experience for self and group, contributing to more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history. in that it helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.). There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Sociocultural

text: anthropology

text: draws

text: together

text: the

text: principle

text: axes

text: of

text: cultural

text: anthropology

text: and

text: social

text: anthropology

text: Cultural

text: anthropology

text: is

text: the

text: comparative

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: manifold

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: people

text: make

text: sense

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: around

text: them

text: while

text: social

text: anthropology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: relationships

text: among

text: persons

text: and

text: groups

text: Cultural

text: anthropology

text: is

text: more

text: related

text: to

text: philosophy

text: literature

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: how

text: one

text: 's

text: culture

text: affects

text: experience

text: for

text: self

text: and

text: group

text: contributing

text: to

text: more

text: complete

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: 's

text: knowledge

text: customs

text: and

text: institutions

text: while

text: social

text: anthropology

text: is

text: more

text: related

text: to

text: sociology

text: and

text: history

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: helps

text: develop

text: understanding

text: of

text: social

text: structures

text: typically

text: of

text: others

text: and

text: other

text: populations

text: such

text: as

text: minorities

text: subgroups

text: dissidents

text: etc

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: hard

text: and

text: fast

text: distinction

text: between

text: them

text: and

text: these

text: categories

text: overlap

text: to

text: a

text: considerable

text: degree

question: What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology?

answer: Sociocultural anthropology

text: Sociocultural anthropology

question: Which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups?

answer: social

text: social

question: What does social anthropology help develop an understanding of?

answer: social structures,

text: social structures,

question: What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology?

answer: hard-and-fast

text: hard-and-fast

question: What studies the way people make sense of the world around them?

answer: Cultural anthropology

text: Cultural anthropology


text: The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French Revolution of 1848, soon spread to the rest of Europe. Although most of the revolutions were quickly put down, there was a significant amount of violence in many areas, with tens of thousands of people tortured and killed. While the immediate political effects of the revolutions were reversed, the long-term reverberations of the events were far-reaching.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: European

text: Revolutions

text: of

text: known

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: as

text: the

text: Spring

text: of

text: Nations

text: or

text: the

text: Year

text: of

text: Revolution

text: were

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: political

text: upheavals

text: throughout

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: Described

text: as

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: wave

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: unrest

text: began

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: then

text: further

text: propelled

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: of

text: soon

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: revolutions

text: were

text: quickly

text: put

text: down

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: amount

text: of

text: violence

text: in

text: many

text: areas

text: with

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: people

text: tortured

text: and

text: killed

text: While

text: the

text: immediate

text: political

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: revolutions

text: were

text: reversed

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: reverberations

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: were

text: far

text: reaching

question: When did the European revolutions occur?

answer: 1848

question: How many people were estimated to be killed in the revolutions?

answer: tens of thousands

text: tens of thousands

question: What are European revolutions known as in other countries?

answer: Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution

text: Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution

question: In what country did the revolutions begin?

answer: France

text: France


text: Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age). The Neolithic is a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Traditionally

text: considered

text: the

text: last

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: followed

text: the

text: terminal

text: Holocene

text: Epipaleolithic

text: period

text: and

text: commenced

text: with

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: farming

text: which

text: produced

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: Revolution

text: It

text: ended

text: when

text: metal

text: tools

text: became

text: widespread

text: in

text: the

text: Copper

text: Age

text: or

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: geographical

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: The

text: Neolithic

text: is

text: a

text: progression

text: of

text: behavioral

text: and

text: cultural

text: characteristics

text: and

text: changes

text: including

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: wild

text: and

text: domestic

text: crops

text: and

text: of

text: domesticated

text: animals

question: What era is commonly known as the final phase of the Stone Age?

answer: the Neolithic

text: the Neolithic

question: What era preceded the Neolithic?

answer: Holocene Epipaleolithic period

text: Holocene Epipaleolithic period

question: What event is associated with the start of farming?

answer: Neolithic Revolution

text: Neolithic Revolution

question: What era saw an increase in metal tool use?

answer: Copper Age

text: Copper Age


text: In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain smaller than a cat, which must think to outwit its prey.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: In

text: intelligent

text: mammals

text: such

text: as

text: primates

text: the

text: cerebrum

text: is

text: larger

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: Intelligence

text: itself

text: is

text: not

text: easy

text: to

text: define

text: but

text: indications

text: of

text: intelligence

text: include

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: learn

text: matched

text: with

text: behavioral

text: flexibility

text: Rats

text: for

text: example

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: highly

text: intelligent

text: as

text: they

text: can

text: learn

text: and

text: perform

text: new

text: tasks

text: an

text: ability

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: important

text: when

text: they

text: first

text: colonize

text: a

text: fresh

text: habitat

text: In

text: some

text: mammals

text: food

text: gathering

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: intelligence

text: a

text: deer

text: feeding

text: on

text: plants

text: has

text: a

text: brain

text: smaller

text: than

text: a

text: cat

text: which

text: must

text: think

text: to

text: outwit

text: its

text: prey

question: Which part is larger relative to the brain in primates?

answer: cerebrum

text: cerebrum

question: Which non-primate has the ability to learn and perform new task?

answer: Rats

text: Rats

question: Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain?

answer: prey

text: prey


text: A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present. Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in food-borne illness if the product is improperly cooked or handled.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: A

text: study

text: by

text: the

text: Translational

text: Genomics

text: Research

text: Institute

text: showed

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: meat

text: and

text: poultry

text: sold

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: grocery

text: stores

text: was

text: contaminated

text: with

text: Staphylococcus

text: aureus

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: bacteria

text: concerned

text: showed

text: resistance

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: Thorough

text: cooking

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: would

text: kill

text: these

text: bacteria

text: but

text: a

text: risk

text: of

text: cross

text: contamination

text: from

text: improper

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: raw

text: product

text: is

text: still

text: present

text: Also

text: some

text: risk

text: is

text: present

text: for

text: consumers

text: of

text: poultry

text: meat

text: and

text: eggs

text: to

text: bacterial

text: infections

text: such

text: as

text: Salmonella

text: and

text: Campylobacter

text: Poultry

text: products

text: may

text: become

text: contaminated

text: by

text: these

text: bacteria

text: during

text: handling

text: processing

text: marketing

text: or

text: storage

text: resulting

text: in

text: food

text: borne

text: illness

text: if

text: the

text: product

text: is

text: improperly

text: cooked

text: or

text: handled

question: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?

answer: Translational Genomics Research

text: Translational Genomics Research

question: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?

answer: 47%

question: Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?

answer: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,

text: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,

question: What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used??

answer: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present

text: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present


text: Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Starting

text: on

text: April

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: ally

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: DST

text: German

text: Sommerzeit

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: conserve

text: coal

text: during

text: wartime

text: Britain

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: allies

text: and

text: many

text: European

text: neutrals

text: soon

text: followed

text: suit

text: Russia

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: other

text: countries

text: waited

text: until

text: the

text: next

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: adopted

text: it

text: in

question: What year did Germany decide to try DST?

answer: 1916

question: What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?

answer: Sommerzeit

text: Sommerzeit

question: What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?

answer: coal

text: coal

question: What year did the United States get on board with DST?

answer: 1918


text: On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet." On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Board

text: of

text: Supervisors

text: approved

text: a

text: resolution

text: addressing

text: human

text: rights

text: concerns

text: when

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: arrives

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: resolution

text: would

text: welcome

text: the

text: torch

text: with

text: alarm

text: and

text: protest

text: at

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: China

text: to

text: meet

text: its

text: past

text: solemn

text: promises

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: including

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: to

text: cease

text: the

text: egregious

text: and

text: ongoing

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: occupied

text: Tibet

text: On

text: April

text: numerous

text: protests

text: were

text: planned

text: including

text: one

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: United

text: Nations

text: Plaza

text: led

text: by

text: actor

text: Richard

text: Gere

text: and

text: Archbishop

text: Desmond

text: Tutu

question: Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008?

answer: San Francisco Board of Supervisors

text: San Francisco Board of Supervisors

question: The concern was over what in China and Tibet?

answer: human rights abuses

text: human rights abuses

question: What date was the protest which was led by Gere and Tutu?

answer: April 8

text: April 8

question: When was a resolution agreed to about Chinese human rights issues in San Francisco?

answer: April 1, 2008

text: April 1, 2008

question: Who approved the resolution?

answer: San Francisco Board of Supervisors

text: San Francisco Board of Supervisors

question: Where was a protest planned in San Francisco?

answer: United Nations Plaza

text: United Nations Plaza

question: What actor was scheduled to attend a San Francisco Olympic protest?

answer: Richard Gere

text: Richard Gere


text: A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: A

text: format

text: called

text: quiet

text: storm

text: is

text: often

text: included

text: in

text: urban

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: played

text: during

text: the

text: evening

text: blending

text: the

text: urban

text: AC

text: and

text: soft

text: AC

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: The

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: played

text: is

text: strictly

text: ballads

text: and

text: slow

text: jams

text: mostly

text: but

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: Black

text: and

text: Latino

text: artists

text: Popular

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: quiet

text: storm

text: format

text: are

text: Teena

text: Marie

text: Freddie

text: Jackson

text: Johnny

text: Gill

text: Lalah

text: Hathaway

text: Vanessa

text: L.

text: Williams

text: Toni

text: Braxton

text: and

text: En

text: Vogue

text: among

text: others

question: What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?

answer: quiet storm

text: quiet storm

question: What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?

answer: quiet storm

text: quiet storm

question: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?

answer: the evening

text: the evening

question: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?

answer: Black and Latino

text: Black and Latino

question: Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?

answer: Vanessa L. Williams

text: Vanessa L. Williams


text: On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed itself the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The following day, thousands attended a memorial service at Demianiv Laz, and a temporary marker was placed to indicate that a monument to the "victims of the repressions of 1939–1941" soon would be erected.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: decreed

text: that

text: effective

text: January

text: Ukrainian

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: while

text: Russian

text: would

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: communication

text: between

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: On

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: The

text: Congregation

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Transfiguration

text: in

text: Lviv

text: left

text: the

text: Russian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: itself

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: following

text: day

text: thousands

text: attended

text: a

text: memorial

text: service

text: at

text: Demianiv

text: Laz

text: and

text: a

text: temporary

text: marker

text: was

text: placed

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: a

text: monument

text: to

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: repressions

text: of

text: soon

text: would

text: be

text: erected

question: What was made Ukraine's official language in 1990?

answer: Ukrainian

text: Ukrainian

question: Who decided Ukraine's official language?

answer: Ukrainian Supreme Soviet

text: Ukrainian Supreme Soviet

question: For what reason would the Russian be spoken?

answer: communication between ethnic groups

text: communication between ethnic groups

question: Where was the January 2 memorial service?

answer: Demianiv Laz

text: Demianiv Laz


text: In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale. The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated for several Oscars, but did not yield substantial box office revenues. Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade. Spielberg was also a co-producer of the 1987 film *batteries not included.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: In

text: as

text: China

text: began

text: opening

text: to

text: Western

text: capital

text: investment

text: Spielberg

text: shot

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: film

text: in

text: Shanghai

text: since

text: the

text: an

text: adaptation

text: of

text: J.

text: G.

text: Ballard

text: 's

text: autobiographical

text: novel

text: Empire

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: starring

text: John

text: Malkovich

text: and

text: a

text: young

text: Christian

text: Bale

text: The

text: film

text: garnered

text: much

text: praise

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: several

text: Oscars

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: yield

text: substantial

text: box

text: office

text: revenues

text: Reviewer

text: Andrew

text: Sarris

text: called

text: it

text: the

text: best

text: film

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: later

text: included

text: it

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: films

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: Spielberg

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: co

text: producer

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: batteries

text: not

text: included

question: Until the 1980s, when had an American film last been shot in Shanghai?

answer: the 1930s

text: the 1930s

question: Who wrote 'Empire of the Sun'?

answer: J. G. Ballard

text: J. G. Ballard

question: Who starred in 'Empire of the Sun'?

answer: John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale

text: John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale

question: Who thought 'Empire of the Sun' was the best film of the year?

answer: Andrew Sarris

text: Andrew Sarris

question: What was Spielberg's role on 'Batteries Not Included'?

answer: co-producer

text: co-producer


text: The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the "South West African" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: The

text: first

text: newspaper

text: in

text: Namibia

text: was

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: Windhoeker

text: Anzeiger

text: founded

text: Radio

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: TV

text: in

text: During

text: German

text: rule

text: the

text: newspapers

text: mainly

text: reflected

text: the

text: living

text: reality

text: and

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: white

text: German

text: speaking

text: minority

text: The

text: black

text: majority

text: was

text: ignored

text: or

text: depicted

text: as

text: a

text: threat

text: During

text: South

text: African

text: rule

text: the

text: white

text: bias

text: continued

text: with

text: mentionable

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Pretoria

text: government

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: West

text: African

text: media

text: system

text: Independent

text: newspapers

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: menace

text: to

text: the

text: existing

text: order

text: critical

text: journalists

text: threatened

question: What was the first Namibian newspaper?

answer: Windhoeker Anzeiger

text: Windhoeker Anzeiger

question: What was the language in which the first Namibian newspaper was printed in?

answer: German

text: German

question: When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?

answer: 1898

question: When was radio introduced in Namibia?

answer: 1969

question: When was TV introduced in Namibia?

answer: 1981


text: Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than any other penguin. The rockhopper penguin has distinctive feathers around the eyes, giving the appearance of elaborate eyelashes. King penguins, chinstrap penguins, and gentoo penguins also breed in the Antarctic.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Some

text: species

text: of

text: marine

text: animals

text: exist

text: and

text: rely

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: on

text: the

text: phytoplankton

text: Antarctic

text: sea

text: life

text: includes

text: penguins

text: blue

text: whales

text: orcas

text: colossal

text: squids

text: and

text: fur

text: seals

text: The

text: emperor

text: penguin

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: penguin

text: that

text: breeds

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: while

text: the

text: Adélie

text: penguin

text: breeds

text: farther

text: south

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: penguin

text: The

text: rockhopper

text: penguin

text: has

text: distinctive

text: feathers

text: around

text: the

text: eyes

text: giving

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: elaborate

text: eyelashes

text: King

text: penguins

text: chinstrap

text: penguins

text: and

text: gentoo

text: penguins

text: also

text: breed

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

question: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live?

answer: phytoplankton

text: phytoplankton

question: During what season does the emperor penguin breed?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica?

answer: emperor penguin

text: emperor penguin

question: What feature does the rockhopper penguin have around its eyes?

answer: feathers

text: feathers

question: Which penguin breeds the furterest south of all the penguin breeds?

answer: Adélie

text: Adélie


text: Geology existed as a cloud of isolated, disconnected ideas about rocks, minerals, and landforms long before it became a coherent science. Theophrastus' work on rocks, Peri lithōn, remained authoritative for millennia: its interpretation of fossils was not overturned until after the Scientific Revolution. Chinese polymath Shen Kua (1031–1095) first formulated hypotheses for the process of land formation. Based on his observation of fossils in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he deduced that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Geology

text: existed

text: as

text: a

text: cloud

text: of

text: isolated

text: disconnected

text: ideas

text: about

text: rocks

text: minerals

text: and

text: landforms

text: long

text: before

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: coherent

text: science

text: Theophrastus

text: work

text: on

text: rocks

text: Peri

text: lithōn

text: remained

text: authoritative

text: for

text: millennia

text: its

text: interpretation

text: of

text: fossils

text: was

text: not

text: overturned

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: Scientific

text: Revolution

text: Chinese

text: polymath

text: Shen

text: Kua

text: first

text: formulated

text: hypotheses

text: for

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: land

text: formation

text: Based

text: on

text: his

text: observation

text: of

text: fossils

text: in

text: a

text: geological

text: stratum

text: in

text: a

text: mountain

text: hundreds

text: of

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: ocean

text: he

text: deduced

text: that

text: the

text: land

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: and

text: by

text: deposition

text: of

text: silt

question: What was the work of Theophrastus on rocks called?

answer: Peri lithōn

text: Peri lithōn

question: When were Theophrastus' ideas about fossils proven false?

answer: the Scientific Revolution

text: the Scientific Revolution

question: When did Shen Kua live?

answer: 1031–1095

question: What science did Shen Kua observe?

answer: land formation

text: land formation


text: Cancer is now common in developing countries. According to a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "In the developing world, cancers of the liver, stomach and esophagus were more common, often linked to consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods, such as smoked or salted food, and parasitic infections that attack organs." Lung cancer rates are rising rapidly in poorer nations because of increased use of tobacco. Developed countries "tended to have cancers linked to affluence or a 'Western lifestyle' — cancers of the colon, rectum, breast and prostate — that can be caused by obesity, lack of exercise, diet and age."

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Cancer

text: is

text: now

text: common

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Agency

text: for

text: Research

text: on

text: Cancer

text: In

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: cancers

text: of

text: the

text: liver

text: stomach

text: and

text: esophagus

text: were

text: more

text: common

text: often

text: linked

text: to

text: consumption

text: of

text: carcinogenic

text: preserved

text: foods

text: such

text: as

text: smoked

text: or

text: salted

text: food

text: and

text: parasitic

text: infections

text: that

text: attack

text: organs

text: Lung

text: cancer

text: rates

text: are

text: rising

text: rapidly

text: in

text: poorer

text: nations

text: because

text: of

text: increased

text: use

text: of

text: tobacco

text: Developed

text: countries

text: tended

text: to

text: have

text: cancers

text: linked

text: to

text: affluence

text: or

text: a

text: Western

text: lifestyle

text: cancers

text: of

text: the

text: colon

text: rectum

text: breast

text: and

text: prostate

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: obesity

text: lack

text: of

text: exercise

text: diet

text: and

text: age

question: Which health issue is now becoming a common issue in developing countries?

answer: Cancer

text: Cancer

question: Which organization did a study on cancer in developing countries?

answer: International Agency for Research on Cancer

text: International Agency for Research on Cancer

question: What were cancers such as liver cancer or stomach cancer found to have a link to?

answer: consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods

text: consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods

question: The rise of lung cancer in poor nations can be attributed to the use of which product?

answer: tobacco

text: tobacco

question: Obesity, lack of exercise, age and diet are risk factors attributed to cancer that are all apart of what kind of lifestyle?

answer: Western

text: Western


text: The essential usefulness of a transistor comes from its ability to use a small signal applied between one pair of its terminals to control a much larger signal at another pair of terminals. This property is called gain. It can produce a stronger output signal, a voltage or current, which is proportional to a weaker input signal; that is, it can act as an amplifier. Alternatively, the transistor can be used to turn current on or off in a circuit as an electrically controlled switch, where the amount of current is determined by other circuit elements.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: The

text: essential

text: usefulness

text: of

text: a

text: transistor

text: comes

text: from

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: small

text: signal

text: applied

text: between

text: one

text: pair

text: of

text: its

text: terminals

text: to

text: control

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: signal

text: at

text: another

text: pair

text: of

text: terminals

text: This

text: property

text: is

text: called

text: gain

text: It

text: can

text: produce

text: a

text: stronger

text: output

text: signal

text: a

text: voltage

text: or

text: current

text: which

text: is

text: proportional

text: to

text: a

text: weaker

text: input

text: signal

text: that

text: is

text: it

text: can

text: act

text: as

text: an

text: amplifier

text: Alternatively

text: the

text: transistor

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: turn

text: current

text: on

text: or

text: off

text: in

text: a

text: circuit

text: as

text: an

text: electrically

text: controlled

text: switch

text: where

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: current

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: other

text: circuit

text: elements

question: Why is a transistor so useful?

answer: gain

text: gain

question: What is gain?

answer: it can act as an amplifier

text: it can act as an amplifier

question: What is an additional use of the transistor?

answer: turn current on or off in a circuit

text: turn current on or off in a circuit

question: What determines the amount of current in an electrically controlled switch?

answer: other circuit elements

text: other circuit elements


text: As early as 1934, Popper wrote of the search for truth as "one of the strongest motives for scientific discovery." Still, he describes in Objective Knowledge (1972) early concerns about the much-criticised notion of truth as correspondence. Then came the semantic theory of truth formulated by the logician Alfred Tarski and published in 1933. Popper writes of learning in 1935 of the consequences of Tarski's theory, to his intense joy. The theory met critical objections to truth as correspondence and thereby rehabilitated it. The theory also seemed, in Popper's eyes, to support metaphysical realism and the regulative idea of a search for truth.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: As

text: early

text: as

text: Popper

text: wrote

text: of

text: the

text: search

text: for

text: truth

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: strongest

text: motives

text: for

text: scientific

text: discovery

text: Still

text: he

text: describes

text: in

text: Objective

text: Knowledge

text: early

text: concerns

text: about

text: the

text: much

text: criticised

text: notion

text: of

text: truth

text: as

text: correspondence

text: Then

text: came

text: the

text: semantic

text: theory

text: of

text: truth

text: formulated

text: by

text: the

text: logician

text: Alfred

text: Tarski

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: Popper

text: writes

text: of

text: learning

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: Tarski

text: 's

text: theory

text: to

text: his

text: intense

text: joy

text: The

text: theory

text: met

text: critical

text: objections

text: to

text: truth

text: as

text: correspondence

text: and

text: thereby

text: rehabilitated

text: it

text: The

text: theory

text: also

text: seemed

text: in

text: Popper

text: 's

text: eyes

text: to

text: support

text: metaphysical

text: realism

text: and

text: the

text: regulative

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: search

text: for

text: truth

question: Whose theory of truth did Popper read with intense interest in 1935?

answer: Alfred Tarski

text: Alfred Tarski

question: What theory of interest to Popper did Alfred Tarski publish in 1933?

answer: semantic theory of truth

text: semantic theory of truth

question: Tarski's theory overcame certain objections to what conception of truth?

answer: truth as correspondence

text: truth as correspondence

question: What kind of realism did Popper believe Tarski's theory supported?

answer: metaphysical

text: metaphysical


text: Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens, covering more than 3,000 hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees. Two of Paris' oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden, created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace, and redone by André Le Nôtre between 1664 and 1672, and the Luxembourg Garden, for the Luxembourg Palace, built for Marie de' Medici in 1612, which today houses the French Senate. The Jardin des Plantes was the first botanical garden in Paris, created in 1626 by Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse for the cultivation of medicinal plants.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: today

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: municipal

text: parks

text: and

text: gardens

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: hectares

text: and

text: containing

text: more

text: than

text: trees

text: Two

text: of

text: Paris

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: famous

text: gardens

text: are

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Garden

text: created

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Palace

text: and

text: redone

text: by

text: André

text: Le

text: Nôtre

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: Luxembourg

text: Garden

text: for

text: the

text: Luxembourg

text: Palace

text: built

text: for

text: Marie

text: de

text: Medici

text: in

text: which

text: today

text: houses

text: the

text: French

text: Senate

text: The

text: Jardin

text: des

text: Plantes

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: botanical

text: garden

text: in

text: Paris

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: Louis

text: XIII

text: 's

text: doctor

text: Guy

text: de

text: La

text: Brosse

text: for

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: medicinal

text: plants

question: How many municipal parks and gardens does Paris have?

answer: 421

question: When was the Tuileries Garden created?

answer: 1564

question: Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664?

answer: André Le Nôtre

text: André Le Nôtre

question: Who was the Luxembourg palace built for?

answer: Marie de' Medici

text: Marie de' Medici

question: Who created the Jarden des Plantes?

answer: Guy de La Brosse

text: Guy de La Brosse


text: After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s. Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: After

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: India

text: moved

text: to

text: Delhi

text: a

text: temporary

text: secretariat

text: building

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: in

text: in

text: North

text: Delhi

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: offices

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: moved

text: here

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: secretariat

text: in

text: Old

text: Delhi

text: the

text: building

text: now

text: houses

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: a

text: decade

text: before

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: Many

text: employees

text: were

text: brought

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: from

text: distant

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: including

text: the

text: Bengal

text: Presidency

text: and

text: Madras

text: Presidency

text: Subsequently

text: housing

text: for

text: them

text: was

text: developed

text: around

text: Gole

text: Market

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Built

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: house

text: government

text: employees

text: with

text: bungalows

text: for

text: senior

text: officials

text: in

text: the

text: nearby

text: Lodhi

text: Estate

text: area

text: Lodhi

text: colony

text: near

text: historic

text: Lodhi

text: Gardens

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: residential

text: areas

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

question: A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year?

answer: 1912

question: In what year what New Delhi inaugurated as the capital of India?

answer: 1931

question: Housing for employees was built in what area during the 1920s?

answer: Gole Market area

text: Gole Market area

question: What was the name of the last residential area built by the British Raj?

answer: Lodhi colony

text: Lodhi colony

question: During what decade was the Lodhi colony built?

answer: the 1940s

text: the 1940s


text: In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: In

text: Tajikistan

text: had

text: airports

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: paved

text: runways

text: of

text: which

text: two

text: had

text: runways

text: longer

text: than

text: meters

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: main

text: airport

text: is

text: Dushanbe

text: International

text: Airport

text: which

text: as

text: of

text: April

text: had

text: regularly

text: scheduled

text: flights

text: to

text: major

text: cities

text: in

text: Russia

text: Central

text: Asia

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Delhi

text: Dubai

text: Frankfurt

text: Istanbul

text: Kabul

text: Tehran

text: and

text: Ürümqi

text: amongst

text: others

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: international

text: flights

text: mainly

text: to

text: Russia

text: from

text: Khujand

text: Airport

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: limited

text: international

text: services

text: from

text: Kulob

text: Airport

text: and

text: Qurghonteppa

text: International

text: Airport

text: Khorog

text: Airport

text: is

text: a

text: domestic

text: airport

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: airport

text: in

text: the

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

question: How many airports does Tajikistan have?

answer: 26 airports

text: 26 airports

question: What is the country's main airport?

answer: Dushanbe International Airport

text: Dushanbe International Airport

question: Where are the international flights maining going to?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country?

answer: Khorog Airport

text: Khorog Airport


text: In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public–private partnerships in 2006. A joint venture with Google will digitize and offer NARA video online. When announcing the agreement, Archivist Allen Weinstein said that this pilot program is

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: make

text: its

text: holdings

text: more

text: widely

text: available

text: and

text: more

text: easily

text: accessible

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: began

text: entering

text: into

text: public

text: private

text: partnerships

text: in

text: A

text: joint

text: venture

text: with

text: Google

text: will

text: digitize

text: and

text: offer

text: NARA

text: video

text: online

text: When

text: announcing

text: the

text: agreement

text: Archivist

text: Allen

text: Weinstein

text: said

text: that

text: this

text: pilot

text: program

text: is

question: In what year did the National Archives make strides towards making its holdings more widely available?

answer: 2006

question: What large internet company has partnered with NARA to digitize records?

answer: Google

text: Google

question: What Archivist announced the partnership with Google?

answer: Allen Weinstein

text: Allen Weinstein

question: What is Google helping NARA with?

answer: digitize and offer NARA video online

text: digitize and offer NARA video online

question: What is the aim of NARA in entering public-private partnerships?

answer: to make its holdings more widely available

text: to make its holdings more widely available


text: Marcin Woźniak and colleagues (2010) searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]. Working with haplotypes, they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker, M458, which defines subclade R1a1a7. This marker correlates remarkably well with the distribution of Slavic-speakers today. The team led by Peter Underhill, which discovered M458, did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker, since they used the "evolutionary effective" mutation rate, which gave a date far too old to be Slavic. Woźniak and colleagues pointed out that the pedigree mutation rate, giving a later date, is more consistent with the archaeological record.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Marcin

text: Woźniak

text: and

text: colleagues

text: searched

text: for

text: specifically

text: Slavic

text: sub

text: group

text: of

text: Working

text: with

text: haplotypes

text: they

text: found

text: a

text: pattern

text: among

text: Western

text: Slavs

text: which

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: correspond

text: to

text: a

text: newly

text: discovered

text: marker

text: which

text: defines

text: subclade

text: This

text: marker

text: correlates

text: remarkably

text: well

text: with

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: Slavic

text: speakers

text: today

text: The

text: team

text: led

text: by

text: Peter

text: Underhill

text: which

text: discovered

text: did

text: not

text: consider

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: a

text: Slavic

text: marker

text: since

text: they

text: used

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: effective

text: mutation

text: rate

text: which

text: gave

text: a

text: date

text: far

text: too

text: old

text: to

text: be

text: Slavic

text: Woźniak

text: and

text: colleagues

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: pedigree

text: mutation

text: rate

text: giving

text: a

text: later

text: date

text: is

text: more

text: consistent

text: with

text: the

text: archaeological

text: record

question: Who searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?

answer: Marcin Woźniak and colleagues

text: Marcin Woźniak and colleagues

question: When did Marcin Woźniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?

answer: 2010

question: The team that discovered M458 was led by who?

answer: Peter Underhill

text: Peter Underhill


text: In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC Test) to determine if it is too abstract to qualify for protection, or too dissimilar to an original work to be considered infringing. Software-related case law has also clarified that the amount of R&D, effort and expense put into a work's creation doesn't affect copyright protection.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: for

text: example

text: copyright

text: case

text: law

text: contains

text: a

text: substantial

text: similarity

text: requirement

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: copied

text: Likewise

text: courts

text: may

text: require

text: computer

text: software

text: to

text: pass

text: an

text: Abstraction

text: Filtration

text: Comparison

text: test

text: AFC

text: Test

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: too

text: abstract

text: to

text: qualify

text: for

text: protection

text: or

text: too

text: dissimilar

text: to

text: an

text: original

text: work

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: infringing

text: Software

text: related

text: case

text: law

text: has

text: also

text: clarified

text: that

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: R&D

text: effort

text: and

text: expense

text: put

text: into

text: a

text: work

text: 's

text: creation

text: does

text: n't

text: affect

text: copyright

text: protection

question: Which country needs a similarity requirement to determine if the work was copied?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?

answer: Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test

text: Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test

question: What has software case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation?

answer: doesn't affect copyright protection

text: doesn't affect copyright protection


text: During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language. However, Josef Jungmann and other revivalists used Dobrovský's book to advocate for a Czech linguistic revival. Changes during this time included spelling reform (notably, í in place of the former j and j in place of g), the use of t (rather than ti) to end infinitive verbs and the non-capitalization of nouns (which had been a late borrowing from German). These changes differentiated Czech from Slovak. Modern scholars disagree about whether the conservative revivalists were motivated by nationalism or considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal, widespread use.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: During

text: the

text: revival

text: in

text: linguist

text: and

text: historian

text: Josef

text: Dobrovský

text: released

text: a

text: German

text: language

text: grammar

text: of

text: Old

text: Czech

text: entitled

text: Ausführliches

text: Lehrgebäude

text: der

text: böhmischen

text: Sprache

text: Comprehensive

text: Doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Language

text: Dobrovský

text: had

text: intended

text: his

text: book

text: to

text: be

text: descriptive

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: think

text: Czech

text: had

text: a

text: realistic

text: chance

text: of

text: returning

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: language

text: However

text: Josef

text: Jungmann

text: and

text: other

text: revivalists

text: used

text: Dobrovský

text: 's

text: book

text: to

text: advocate

text: for

text: a

text: Czech

text: linguistic

text: revival

text: Changes

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: included

text: spelling

text: reform

text: notably

text: í

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: j

text: and

text: j

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: g

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: t

text: rather

text: than

text: ti

text: to

text: end

text: infinitive

text: verbs

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: capitalization

text: of

text: nouns

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: late

text: borrowing

text: from

text: German

text: These

text: changes

text: differentiated

text: Czech

text: from

text: Slovak

text: Modern

text: scholars

text: disagree

text: about

text: whether

text: the

text: conservative

text: revivalists

text: were

text: motivated

text: by

text: nationalism

text: or

text: considered

text: contemporary

text: spoken

text: Czech

text: unsuitable

text: for

text: formal

text: widespread

text: use

question: What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský?

answer: linguist and historian

text: linguist and historian

question: What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as?

answer: a major language

text: a major language

question: What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech?

answer: 1809

question: What did Josef Jungmann advocate for?

answer: a Czech linguistic revival

text: a Czech linguistic revival

question: Who disagree about whether the revivalists were motivated by nationalism or if they considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal use?

answer: Modern scholars

text: Modern scholars


text: Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of the incubating birds. Incubation can be an energetically demanding process; adult albatrosses, for instance, lose as much as 83 grams (2.9 oz) of body weight per day of incubation. The warmth for the incubation of the eggs of megapodes comes from the sun, decaying vegetation or volcanic sources. Incubation periods range from 10 days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over 80 days (in albatrosses and kiwis).

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Incubation

text: which

text: optimises

text: temperature

text: for

text: chick

text: development

text: usually

text: begins

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: egg

text: has

text: been

text: laid

text: In

text: monogamous

text: species

text: incubation

text: duties

text: are

text: often

text: shared

text: whereas

text: in

text: polygamous

text: species

text: one

text: parent

text: is

text: wholly

text: responsible

text: for

text: incubation

text: Warmth

text: from

text: parents

text: passes

text: to

text: the

text: eggs

text: through

text: brood

text: patches

text: areas

text: of

text: bare

text: skin

text: on

text: the

text: abdomen

text: or

text: breast

text: of

text: the

text: incubating

text: birds

text: Incubation

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: energetically

text: demanding

text: process

text: adult

text: albatrosses

text: for

text: instance

text: lose

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: grams

text: oz

text: of

text: body

text: weight

text: per

text: day

text: of

text: incubation

text: The

text: warmth

text: for

text: the

text: incubation

text: of

text: the

text: eggs

text: of

text: megapodes

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: sun

text: decaying

text: vegetation

text: or

text: volcanic

text: sources

text: Incubation

text: periods

text: range

text: from

text: days

text: in

text: woodpeckers

text: cuckoos

text: and

text: passerine

text: birds

text: to

text: over

text: days

text: in

text: albatrosses

text: and

text: kiwis

question: What process optimises temperature for chick development?

answer: Incubation

text: Incubation

question: When does incubation begin?

answer: after the last egg has been laid

text: after the last egg has been laid

question: What are areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of incubating birds?

answer: brood patches

text: brood patches

question: How many days is the incubation period for woodpeckers?

answer: 10 days

text: 10 days

question: How many days is the incubation period for kiwis?

answer: over 80 days

text: over 80 days


text: In late 1203, John attempted to relieve Château Gaillard, which although besieged by Philip was guarding the eastern flank of Normandy. John attempted a synchronised operation involving land-based and water-borne forces, considered by most historians today to have been imaginative in conception, but overly complex for forces of the period to have carried out successfully. John's relief operation was blocked by Philip's forces, and John turned back to Brittany in an attempt to draw Philip away from eastern Normandy. John successfully devastated much of Brittany, but did not deflect Philip's main thrust into the east of Normandy. Opinions vary amongst historians as to the military skill shown by John during this campaign, with most recent historians arguing that his performance was passable, although not impressive.[nb 8] John's situation began to deteriorate rapidly. The eastern border region of Normandy had been extensively cultivated by Philip and his predecessors for several years, whilst Angevin authority in the south had been undermined by Richard's giving away of various key castles some years before. His use of routier mercenaries in the central regions had rapidly eaten away his remaining support in this area too, which set the stage for a sudden collapse of Angevin power.[nb 9] John retreated back across the Channel in December, sending orders for the establishment of a fresh defensive line to the west of Chateau Gaillard. In March 1204, Gaillard fell. John's mother Eleanor died the following month. This was not just a personal blow for John, but threatened to unravel the widespread Angevin alliances across the far south of France. Philip moved south around the new defensive line and struck upwards at the heart of the Duchy, now facing little resistance. By August, Philip had taken Normandy and advanced south to occupy Anjou and Poitou as well. John's only remaining possession on the Continent was now the Duchy of Aquitaine.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: late

text: John

text: attempted

text: to

text: relieve

text: Château

text: Gaillard

text: which

text: although

text: besieged

text: by

text: Philip

text: was

text: guarding

text: the

text: eastern

text: flank

text: of

text: Normandy

text: John

text: attempted

text: a

text: synchronised

text: operation

text: involving

text: land

text: based

text: and

text: water

text: borne

text: forces

text: considered

text: by

text: most

text: historians

text: today

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: imaginative

text: in

text: conception

text: but

text: overly

text: complex

text: for

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: to

text: have

text: carried

text: out

text: successfully

text: John

text: 's

text: relief

text: operation

text: was

text: blocked

text: by

text: Philip

text: 's

text: forces

text: and

text: John

text: turned

text: back

text: to

text: Brittany

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: draw

text: Philip

text: away

text: from

text: eastern

text: Normandy

text: John

text: successfully

text: devastated

text: much

text: of

text: Brittany

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: deflect

text: Philip

text: 's

text: main

text: thrust

text: into

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Normandy

text: Opinions

text: vary

text: amongst

text: historians

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: military

text: skill

text: shown

text: by

text: John

text: during

text: this

text: campaign

text: with

text: most

text: recent

text: historians

text: arguing

text: that

text: his

text: performance

text: was

text: passable

text: although

text: not

text: impressive.[nb

text: John

text: 's

text: situation

text: began

text: to

text: deteriorate

text: rapidly

text: The

text: eastern

text: border

text: region

text: of

text: Normandy

text: had

text: been

text: extensively

text: cultivated

text: by

text: Philip

text: and

text: his

text: predecessors

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: whilst

text: Angevin

text: authority

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: had

text: been

text: undermined

text: by

text: Richard

text: 's

text: giving

text: away

text: of

text: various

text: key

text: castles

text: some

text: years

text: before

text: His

text: use

text: of

text: routier

text: mercenaries

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: regions

text: had

text: rapidly

text: eaten

text: away

text: his

text: remaining

text: support

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: too

text: which

text: set

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: a

text: sudden

text: collapse

text: of

text: Angevin

text: power.[nb

text: John

text: retreated

text: back

text: across

text: the

text: Channel

text: in

text: December

text: sending

text: orders

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: fresh

text: defensive

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: Chateau

text: Gaillard

text: In

text: March

text: Gaillard

text: fell

text: John

text: 's

text: mother

text: Eleanor

text: died

text: the

text: following

text: month

text: This

text: was

text: not

text: just

text: a

text: personal

text: blow

text: for

text: John

text: but

text: threatened

text: to

text: unravel

text: the

text: widespread

text: Angevin

text: alliances

text: across

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: Philip

text: moved

text: south

text: around

text: the

text: new

text: defensive

text: line

text: and

text: struck

text: upwards

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: now

text: facing

text: little

text: resistance

text: By

text: August

text: Philip

text: had

text: taken

text: Normandy

text: and

text: advanced

text: south

text: to

text: occupy

text: Anjou

text: and

text: Poitou

text: as

text: well

text: John

text: 's

text: only

text: remaining

text: possession

text: on

text: the

text: Continent

text: was

text: now

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Aquitaine

question: What did John attempt to relieve in late 1203?

answer: Château Gaillard

text: Château Gaillard

question: Who blocked John's relief operation?

answer: Philip's forces

text: Philip's forces

question: When did Gaillard fall?

answer: March 1204

text: March 1204

question: What was John's only remaining possession on the Continent?

answer: Duchy of Aquitaine

text: Duchy of Aquitaine


text: Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: Modern

text: Estonian

text: orthography

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Newer

text: Orthography

text: created

text: by

text: Eduard

text: Ahrens

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: based

text: on

text: Finnish

text: orthography

text: The

text: Older

text: Orthography

text: it

text: replaced

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: Bengt

text: Gottfried

text: Forselius

text: and

text: Johann

text: Hornung

text: based

text: on

text: standard

text: German

text: orthography

text: Earlier

text: writing

text: in

text: Estonian

text: had

text: by

text: and

text: large

text: used

text: an

text: ad

text: hoc

text: orthography

text: based

text: on

text: Latin

text: and

text: Middle

text: Low

text: German

text: orthography

text: Some

text: influences

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: German

text: orthography

text: for

text: example

text: writing

text: W'/'w

text: instead

text: of

text: V'/'v

text: persisted

text: well

text: into

text: the

question: In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?

answer: Newer Orthography

text: Newer Orthography

question: Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography?

answer: Eduard Ahrens

text: Eduard Ahrens

question: In what century was the Newer Orthography created?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?

answer: Older Orthography

text: Older Orthography

question: From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis?

answer: standard German orthography

text: standard German orthography


text: Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Puritans

text: were

text: blocked

text: from

text: changing

text: the

text: established

text: church

text: from

text: within

text: and

text: were

text: severely

text: restricted

text: in

text: England

text: by

text: laws

text: controlling

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: religion

text: Their

text: beliefs

text: however

text: were

text: transported

text: by

text: the

text: emigration

text: of

text: congregations

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: later

text: to

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: by

text: evangelical

text: clergy

text: to

text: Ireland

text: and

text: later

text: into

text: Wales

text: and

text: were

text: spread

text: into

text: lay

text: society

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: educational

text: system

text: particularly

text: certain

text: colleges

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: They

text: took

text: on

text: distinctive

text: beliefs

text: about

text: clerical

text: dress

text: and

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: episcopal

text: system

text: particularly

text: after

text: the

text: conclusions

text: of

text: the

text: Synod

text: of

text: Dort

text: they

text: were

text: resisted

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: bishops

text: They

text: largely

text: adopted

text: Sabbatarianism

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: millennialism

question: What group was very much hampered in England from making changes?

answer: Puritans

text: Puritans

question: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs?

answer: the University of Cambridge

text: the University of Cambridge

question: What movement influenced the Puritans?

answer: millennialism

text: millennialism

question: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century?

answer: Sabbatarianism

text: Sabbatarianism

question: When was the Synod of Dort?

answer: 1619


text: Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that "as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it could be considered an emblem of the Enlightenment." For Porset, the avoidance of thematic and hierarchical systems thus allows free interpretation of the works and becomes an example of egalitarianism. Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply. In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789). Along with growth in numbers, dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew in length, often having multiple print runs that sometimes included in supplemented editions.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Along

text: with

text: secular

text: matters

text: readers

text: also

text: favoured

text: an

text: alphabetical

text: ordering

text: scheme

text: over

text: cumbersome

text: works

text: arranged

text: along

text: thematic

text: lines

text: The

text: historian

text: Charles

text: Porset

text: commenting

text: on

text: alphabetization

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: as

text: the

text: zero

text: degree

text: of

text: taxonomy

text: alphabetical

text: order

text: authorizes

text: all

text: reading

text: strategies

text: in

text: this

text: respect

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: emblem

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: For

text: Porset

text: the

text: avoidance

text: of

text: thematic

text: and

text: hierarchical

text: systems

text: thus

text: allows

text: free

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: and

text: becomes

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: egalitarianism

text: Encyclopedias

text: and

text: dictionaries

text: also

text: became

text: more

text: popular

text: during

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Reason

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: educated

text: consumers

text: who

text: could

text: afford

text: such

text: texts

text: began

text: to

text: multiply

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: encyclopedias

text: published

text: by

text: decade

text: increased

text: from

text: between

text: and

text: to

text: approximately

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: proceeding

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Along

text: with

text: growth

text: in

text: numbers

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: encyclopedias

text: also

text: grew

text: in

text: length

text: often

text: having

text: multiple

text: print

text: runs

text: that

text: sometimes

text: included

text: in

text: supplemented

text: editions

question: What ordering scheme did readers prefer?

answer: alphabetical

text: alphabetical

question: Who believed the avoidance of thematic and heirarhical systems allowed free interpretation of the works and caused them to beomce an example of eglitarianism?

answer: Charles Porset

text: Charles Porset

question: Why did Encyclopedias and dictionaries become more popular during the Age of Reason?

answer: the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply

text: the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply

question: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published between 1760 and 1769?

answer: 63

question: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution?

answer: 148


text: This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important factor in maintaining Greek identity was contact with barbarian (non-Greek) peoples, which was deepened in the new cosmopolitan environment of the multi-ethnic Hellenistic kingdoms. This led to a strong desire among Greeks to organize the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: This

text: age

text: saw

text: the

text: Greeks

text: move

text: towards

text: larger

text: cities

text: and

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: state

text: These

text: larger

text: cities

text: were

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: still

text: larger

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Diadochi

text: Greeks

text: however

text: remained

text: aware

text: of

text: their

text: past

text: chiefly

text: through

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Homer

text: and

text: the

text: classical

text: authors

text: An

text: important

text: factor

text: in

text: maintaining

text: Greek

text: identity

text: was

text: contact

text: with

text: barbarian

text: non

text: Greek

text: peoples

text: which

text: was

text: deepened

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: cosmopolitan

text: environment

text: of

text: the

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: Hellenistic

text: kingdoms

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: strong

text: desire

text: among

text: Greeks

text: to

text: organize

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: paideia

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: Greek

text: science

text: technology

text: and

text: mathematics

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: reached

text: their

text: peak

text: during

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

question: With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ?

answer: the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state.

text: the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state.

question: The kingdoms of Diadochi was comprised of what ?

answer: larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi.

text: larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi.

question: How did the cites remind themselves of their beginnings ?

answer: Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors.

text: Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors.

question: What did the Greeks wants to be imparted to their descendants ?

answer: the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation.

text: the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation.

question: What academia was heightened during this time of Hellenism ?

answer: Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

text: Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.


text: The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: Eagle

text: and

text: Child

text: and

text: the

text: Lamb

text: and

text: Flag

text: Oxford

text: were

text: regular

text: meeting

text: places

text: of

text: the

text: Inklings

text: a

text: writers

text: group

text: which

text: included

text: J.

text: R.

text: R.

text: Tolkien

text: and

text: C.

text: S.

text: Lewis

text: The

text: Eagle

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: is

text: where

text: Francis

text: Crick

text: interrupted

text: patrons

text: lunchtime

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: announce

text: that

text: he

text: and

text: James

text: Watson

text: had

text: discovered

text: the

text: secret

text: of

text: life

text: after

text: they

text: had

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: their

text: proposal

text: for

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: The

text: anecdote

text: is

text: related

text: in

text: Watson

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Double

text: Helix

text: and

text: commemorated

text: with

text: a

text: blue

text: plaque

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: wall

question: Along with the Eagle and Child, at what pub did the Inklings regularly meet?

answer: the Lamb and Flag

text: the Lamb and Flag

question: Where is the Eagle and Child located?

answer: Oxford

text: Oxford

question: Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?

answer: C. S. Lewis

text: C. S. Lewis

question: Where is the Eagle pub located?

answer: Cambridge

text: Cambridge

question: On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?

answer: 28 February 1953

text: 28 February 1953


text: In 1824, the French physicist François Arago formulated the existence of rotating magnetic fields, termed Arago's rotations, which, by manually turning switches on and off, Walter Baily demonstrated in 1879 as in effect the first primitive induction motor.  In the 1880s, many inventors were trying to develop workable AC motors because AC's advantages in long-distance high-voltage transmission were counterbalanced by the inability to operate motors on AC. The first alternating-current commutatorless induction motors were independently invented by Galileo Ferraris and Nikola Tesla, a working motor model having been demonstrated by the former in 1885 and by the latter in 1887. In 1888, the Royal Academy of Science of Turin published Ferraris' research detailing the foundations of motor operation while however concluding that "the apparatus based on that principle could not be of any commercial importance as motor." In 1888, Tesla presented his paper A New System for Alternating Current Motors and Transformers to the AIEE that described three patented two-phase four-stator-pole motor types: one with a four-pole rotor forming a non-self-starting reluctance motor, another with a wound rotor forming a self-starting induction motor, and the third a true synchronous motor with separately excited DC supply to rotor winding. One of the patents Tesla filed in 1887, however, also described a shorted-winding-rotor induction motor. George Westinghouse promptly bought Tesla's patents, employed Tesla to develop them, and assigned C. F. Scott to help Tesla, Tesla left for other pursuits in 1889.  The constant speed AC induction motor was found not to be suitable for street cars but Westinghouse engineers successfully adapted it to power a mining operation in Telluride, Colorado in 1891. Steadfast in his promotion of three-phase development, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky invented the three-phase cage-rotor induction motor in 1889 and the three-limb transformer in 1890. This type of motor is now used for the vast majority of commercial applications. However, he claimed that Tesla's motor was not practical because of two-phase pulsations, which prompted him to persist in his three-phase work. Although Westinghouse achieved its first practical induction motor in 1892 and developed a line of polyphase 60 hertz induction motors in 1893, these early Westinghouse motors were two-phase motors with wound rotors until B. G. Lamme developed a rotating bar winding rotor. The General Electric Company began developing three-phase induction motors in 1891. By 1896, General Electric and Westinghouse signed a cross-licensing agreement for the bar-winding-rotor design, later called the squirrel-cage rotor. Induction motor improvements flowing from these inventions and innovations were such that a 100 horsepower (HP) induction motor currently has the same mounting dimensions as a 7.5 HP motor in 1897.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: In

text: the

text: French

text: physicist

text: François

text: Arago

text: formulated

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: rotating

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: termed

text: Arago

text: 's

text: rotations

text: which

text: by

text: manually

text: turning

text: switches

text: on

text: and

text: off

text: Walter

text: Baily

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: as

text: in

text: effect

text: the

text: first

text: primitive

text: induction

text: motor

text: In

text: the

text: many

text: inventors

text: were

text: trying

text: to

text: develop

text: workable

text: AC

text: motors

text: because

text: AC

text: 's

text: advantages

text: in

text: long

text: distance

text: high

text: voltage

text: transmission

text: were

text: counterbalanced

text: by

text: the

text: inability

text: to

text: operate

text: motors

text: on

text: AC

text: The

text: first

text: alternating

text: current

text: commutatorless

text: induction

text: motors

text: were

text: independently

text: invented

text: by

text: Galileo

text: Ferraris

text: and

text: Nikola

text: Tesla

text: a

text: working

text: motor

text: model

text: having

text: been

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: the

text: former

text: in

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: latter

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Royal

text: Academy

text: of

text: Science

text: of

text: Turin

text: published

text: Ferraris

text: research

text: detailing

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: motor

text: operation

text: while

text: however

text: concluding

text: that

text: the

text: apparatus

text: based

text: on

text: that

text: principle

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: of

text: any

text: commercial

text: importance

text: as

text: motor

text: In

text: Tesla

text: presented

text: his

text: paper

text: A

text: New

text: System

text: for

text: Alternating

text: Current

text: Motors

text: and

text: Transformers

text: to

text: the

text: AIEE

text: that

text: described

text: three

text: patented

text: two

text: phase

text: four

text: stator

text: pole

text: motor

text: types

text: one

text: with

text: a

text: four

text: pole

text: rotor

text: forming

text: a

text: non

text: self

text: starting

text: reluctance

text: motor

text: another

text: with

text: a

text: wound

text: rotor

text: forming

text: a

text: self

text: starting

text: induction

text: motor

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: a

text: true

text: synchronous

text: motor

text: with

text: separately

text: excited

text: DC

text: supply

text: to

text: rotor

text: winding

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: patents

text: Tesla

text: filed

text: in

text: however

text: also

text: described

text: a

text: shorted

text: winding

text: rotor

text: induction

text: motor

text: George

text: Westinghouse

text: promptly

text: bought

text: Tesla

text: 's

text: patents

text: employed

text: Tesla

text: to

text: develop

text: them

text: and

text: assigned

text: C.

text: F.

text: Scott

text: to

text: help

text: Tesla

text: Tesla

text: left

text: for

text: other

text: pursuits

text: in

text: The

text: constant

text: speed

text: AC

text: induction

text: motor

text: was

text: found

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: suitable

text: for

text: street

text: cars

text: but

text: Westinghouse

text: engineers

text: successfully

text: adapted

text: it

text: to

text: power

text: a

text: mining

text: operation

text: in

text: Telluride

text: Colorado

text: in

text: Steadfast

text: in

text: his

text: promotion

text: of

text: three

text: phase

text: development

text: Mikhail

text: Dolivo

text: Dobrovolsky

text: invented

text: the

text: three

text: phase

text: cage

text: rotor

text: induction

text: motor

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: limb

text: transformer

text: in

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: motor

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: commercial

text: applications

text: However

text: he

text: claimed

text: that

text: Tesla

text: 's

text: motor

text: was

text: not

text: practical

text: because

text: of

text: two

text: phase

text: pulsations

text: which

text: prompted

text: him

text: to

text: persist

text: in

text: his

text: three

text: phase

text: work

text: Although

text: Westinghouse

text: achieved

text: its

text: first

text: practical

text: induction

text: motor

text: in

text: and

text: developed

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: polyphase

text: hertz

text: induction

text: motors

text: in

text: these

text: early

text: Westinghouse

text: motors

text: were

text: two

text: phase

text: motors

text: with

text: wound

text: rotors

text: until

text: B.

text: G.

text: Lamme

text: developed

text: a

text: rotating

text: bar

text: winding

text: rotor

text: The

text: General

text: Electric

text: Company

text: began

text: developing

text: three

text: phase

text: induction

text: motors

text: in

text: By

text: General

text: Electric

text: and

text: Westinghouse

text: signed

text: a

text: cross

text: licensing

text: agreement

text: for

text: the

text: bar

text: winding

text: rotor

text: design

text: later

text: called

text: the

text: squirrel

text: cage

text: rotor

text: Induction

text: motor

text: improvements

text: flowing

text: from

text: these

text: inventions

text: and

text: innovations

text: were

text: such

text: that

text: a

text: horsepower

text: HP

text: induction

text: motor

text: currently

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: mounting

text: dimensions

text: as

text: a

text: HP

text: motor

text: in

question: Who built the first induction motor?

answer: Walter Baily

text: Walter Baily

question: What type of power were early motors unable to use?

answer: AC

text: AC

question: Who bought Tesla's patents?

answer: George Westinghouse

text: George Westinghouse

question: For what application was Tesla's motor first used?

answer: mining

text: mining

question: What's another name for the bar-winding-rotor?

answer: squirrel-cage

text: squirrel-cage


text: While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: While

text: it

text: is

text: undisputed

text: that

text: early

text: humans

text: were

text: hunters

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: this

text: for

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: Homo

text: genus

text: from

text: the

text: earlier

text: Australopithecines

text: including

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: stone

text: tools

text: and

text: eventually

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: fire

text: are

text: emphasised

text: in

text: the

text: hunting

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: de

text: emphasised

text: in

text: scenarios

text: that

text: stress

text: omnivory

text: and

text: social

text: interaction

text: including

text: mating

text: behaviour

text: as

text: essential

text: in

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: human

text: behavioural

text: modernity

text: With

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: language

text: culture

text: and

text: religion

text: hunting

text: became

text: a

text: theme

text: of

text: stories

text: and

text: myths

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: rituals

text: such

text: as

text: dance

text: and

text: animal

text: sacrifice

question: What is undisputed about early humans?

answer: were hunters

text: were hunters

question: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?

answer: earlier Australopithecines

text: earlier Australopithecines

question: Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?

answer: hunting

text: hunting

question: What became a theme of stories and myths?

answer: hunting

text: hunting

question: Hunting allowed what type of rituals?

answer: dance and animal sacrifice

text: dance and animal sacrifice

question: What is undisputed about earlier humans?

answer: humans were hunters

text: humans were hunters

question: What did hunting become a theme of?

answer: stories and myths

text: stories and myths

question: Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis?

answer: hunting hypothesis

text: hunting hypothesis


text: St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields has led to an economic boom that has spurred population growth and commercial development. As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's economic output.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: province

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: was

text: gravely

text: affected

text: in

text: the

text: by

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: cod

text: fishery

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: driving

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: provincial

text: economy

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: years

text: After

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: high

text: unemployment

text: rates

text: and

text: depopulation

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Hibernia

text: Terra

text: Nova

text: and

text: White

text: Rose

text: oil

text: fields

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: economic

text: boom

text: that

text: has

text: spurred

text: population

text: growth

text: and

text: commercial

text: development

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: area

text: now

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: 's

text: economic

text: output

question: When did the Northern cod fishery collapse?

answer: 1990s

question: What led to an economic boom in St. John's?

answer: Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields

text: Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields

question: For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's?

answer: hundreds of years

text: hundreds of years

question: How long did unemployment rates and depopulation suffer in St. John's?

answer: decade

text: decade


text: The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut "long-grain", i.e. with the grain parallel to the longer dimension of the sheet.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: The

text: paper

text: is

text: then

text: fed

text: onto

text: reels

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: web

text: printing

text: presses

text: or

text: cut

text: into

text: sheets

text: for

text: other

text: printing

text: processes

text: or

text: other

text: purposes

text: The

text: fibres

text: in

text: the

text: paper

text: basically

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: machine

text: direction

text: Sheets

text: are

text: usually

text: cut

text: long

text: grain

text: i.e.

text: with

text: the

text: grain

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: longer

text: dimension

text: of

text: the

text: sheet

question: What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses?

answer: reels

text: reels

question: In what manner are sheets normally cut?

answer: long-grain

text: long-grain

question: If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done?

answer: cut into sheets

text: cut into sheets