text: Min Nan texts, all Hokkien, can be dated back to the 16th century. One example is the Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china, presumably written after 1587 by the Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines. Another is a Ming Dynasty script of a play called Romance of the Lychee Mirror (1566), supposedly the earliest Southern Min colloquial text. Xiamen University has also developed an alphabet based on Pinyin, which has been published in a dictionary called the Minnan Fangyan-Putonghua Cidian (閩南方言普通話詞典) and a language teaching book, which is used to teach the language to foreigners and Chinese non-speakers. It is known as Pumindian.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: Min

text: texts

text: all

text: Hokkien

text: can

text: be

text: dated

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: One

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: Doctrina

text: Christiana

text: en

text: letra

text: y

text: lengua

text: china

text: presumably

text: written

text: after

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Dominicans

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Another

text: is

text: a

text: Ming

text: Dynasty

text: script

text: of

text: a

text: play

text: called

text: Romance

text: of

text: the

text: Lychee

text: Mirror

text: supposedly

text: the

text: earliest

text: Southern

text: Min

text: colloquial

text: text

text: Xiamen

text: University

text: has

text: also

text: developed

text: an

text: alphabet

text: based

text: on

text: Pinyin

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: published

text: in

text: a

text: dictionary

text: called

text: the

text: Minnan

text: Fangyan

text: Putonghua

text: Cidian

text: 閩南方言普通話詞典

text: and

text: a

text: language

text: teaching

text: book

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: teach

text: the

text: language

text: to

text: foreigners

text: and

text: Chinese

text: non

text: speakers

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Pumindian

question: When can Min Nan texts be dated back to?

answer: the 16th century

text: the 16th century

question: What is an example of the Min Nan Texts?

answer: Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china

text: Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china

question: What year was Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china written?

answer: after 1587

text: after 1587

question: Who wrote Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china?

answer: Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines

text: Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines

question: What is the name of the earliest Southern Min colloquial text?

answer: Romance of the Lychee Mirror

text: Romance of the Lychee Mirror


text: In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be "cantam" in all fields. Another feature of the Balearic standard is the non-ending in the 1st person singular present indicative: jo compr ('I buy'), jo tem ('I fear'), jo dorm ('I sleep').

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: IEC

text: 's

text: standard

text: is

text: used

text: but

text: adapted

text: for

text: the

text: Balearic

text: dialect

text: by

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: 's

text: philological

text: section

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: for

text: instance

text: IEC

text: says

text: it

text: is

text: correct

text: writing

text: cantam

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: cantem

text: we

text: sing

text: but

text: the

text: University

text: says

text: that

text: the

text: priority

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: must

text: be

text: cantam

text: in

text: all

text: fields

text: Another

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: Balearic

text: standard

text: is

text: the

text: non

text: ending

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: singular

text: present

text: indicative

text: jo

text: compr

text: I

text: buy

text: jo

text: tem

text: I

text: fear

text: jo

text: dorm

text: I

text: sleep

question: Where is IEC's standard used?

answer: the Balearic Islands

text: the Balearic Islands

question: How is the standard used there?

answer: adapted for the Balearic dialect

text: adapted for the Balearic dialect

question: What is a first person singular  feature of the Balearic standard?

answer: non-ending

text: non-ending


text: The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: 's

text: organization

text: was

text: two

text: fold

text: the

text: Political

text: Consultative

text: Committee

text: handled

text: political

text: matters

text: and

text: the

text: Combined

text: Command

text: of

text: Pact

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: controlled

text: the

text: assigned

text: multi

text: national

text: forces

text: with

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: Poland

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Unified

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: which

text: commands

text: and

text: controls

text: all

text: the

text: military

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: countries

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: First

text: Deputy

text: Minister

text: of

text: Defense

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: the

text: Chief

text: of

text: Combined

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Unified

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: First

text: Deputy

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: Therefore

text: although

text: ostensibly

text: an

text: international

text: collective

text: security

text: alliance

text: the

text: USSR

text: dominated

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: armed

text: forces

question: Despite being headquartered in Poland, the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?

answer: the USSR

text: the USSR

question: Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of the Warsaw Pact?

answer: the USSR

text: the USSR


text: Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the River Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the River Ill, which here flows parallel to, and roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from, the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Strasbourg

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: France

text: with

text: Germany

text: This

text: border

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: River

text: Rhine

text: which

text: also

text: forms

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: city

text: facing

text: across

text: the

text: river

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: town

text: Kehl

text: The

text: historic

text: core

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: however

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Grande

text: Île

text: in

text: the

text: River

text: Ill

text: which

text: here

text: flows

text: parallel

text: to

text: and

text: roughly

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: The

text: natural

text: courses

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: rivers

text: eventually

text: join

text: some

text: distance

text: downstream

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: although

text: several

text: artificial

text: waterways

text: now

text: connect

text: them

text: within

text: the

text: city

question: What river is on the border of France and Germany?

answer: River Rhine

text: River Rhine

question: The River Ill flows parallel with what river for 4 kilometres?

answer: Rhine

text: Rhine

question: What kind of waterways connect the River Ill and River Rhine within Strasbourg?

answer: artificial

text: artificial

question: Strasbourg is situated on what border of France and Germany?

answer: eastern

text: eastern


text: Many instruments originated during the Renaissance; others were variations of, or improvements upon, instruments that had existed previously. Some have survived to the present day; others have disappeared, only to be recreated in order to perform music of the period on authentic instruments. As in the modern day, instruments may be classified as brass, strings, percussion, and woodwind.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Many

text: instruments

text: originated

text: during

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: others

text: were

text: variations

text: of

text: or

text: improvements

text: upon

text: instruments

text: that

text: had

text: existed

text: previously

text: Some

text: have

text: survived

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: others

text: have

text: disappeared

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: recreated

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: perform

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: on

text: authentic

text: instruments

text: As

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: instruments

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: brass

text: strings

text: percussion

text: and

text: woodwind

question: Many instruments originated during what era?

answer: the Renaissance

text: the Renaissance

question: What has disappeared, then been recreated in order to perform music of the period?

answer: authentic instruments

text: authentic instruments

question: Modern day instrument may be classified as brass, string, woodwind and what other classification?

answer: percussion

text: percussion


text: Another major addition to the city's museum scene is the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance (Museo de la Memoria y Tolerancia), inaugurated in early 2011. The brainchild of two young Mexican women as a Holocaust museum, the idea morphed into a unique museum dedicated to showcasing all major historical events of discrimination and genocide. Permanent exhibits include those on the Holocaust and other large-scale atrocities. It also houses temporary exhibits; one on Tibet was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in September 2011.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Another

text: major

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: museum

text: scene

text: is

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Remembrance

text: and

text: Tolerance

text: Museo

text: de

text: la

text: Memoria

text: y

text: Tolerancia

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: early

text: The

text: brainchild

text: of

text: two

text: young

text: Mexican

text: women

text: as

text: a

text: Holocaust

text: museum

text: the

text: idea

text: morphed

text: into

text: a

text: unique

text: museum

text: dedicated

text: to

text: showcasing

text: all

text: major

text: historical

text: events

text: of

text: discrimination

text: and

text: genocide

text: Permanent

text: exhibits

text: include

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: and

text: other

text: large

text: scale

text: atrocities

text: It

text: also

text: houses

text: temporary

text: exhibits

text: one

text: on

text: Tibet

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: by

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: in

text: September

question: When did the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance open?

answer: 2011

question: What main event inspired the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?

answer: Holocaust

text: Holocaust

question: The exhibit inaugurated by the Dalai Lama opened when?

answer: September 2011

text: September 2011

question: What is the main subject of the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?

answer: discrimination and genocide

text: discrimination and genocide


text: Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non–English manager of England. Despite controversial press coverage of his personal life, Eriksson was consistently popular with the majority of fans.[citation needed] He guided England to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2004, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. He lost only five competitive matches during his tenure, and England rose to an No.4 world ranking under his guidance. His contract was extended by the Football Association by two years, to include UEFA Euro 2008. However, it was terminated by them at the 2006 FIFA World Cup's conclusion.

title: England_national_football_team

title: England_national_football_team

text: Sven

text: Göran

text: Eriksson

text: took

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: non

text: English

text: manager

text: of

text: England

text: Despite

text: controversial

text: press

text: coverage

text: of

text: his

text: personal

text: life

text: Eriksson

text: was

text: consistently

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: fans.[citation

text: needed

text: He

text: guided

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: quarter

text: finals

text: of

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: UEFA

text: Euro

text: and

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: He

text: lost

text: only

text: five

text: competitive

text: matches

text: during

text: his

text: tenure

text: and

text: England

text: rose

text: to

text: an

text: world

text: ranking

text: under

text: his

text: guidance

text: His

text: contract

text: was

text: extended

text: by

text: the

text: Football

text: Association

text: by

text: two

text: years

text: to

text: include

text: UEFA

text: Euro

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: terminated

text: by

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: 's

text: conclusion

question: Who was the first non-English person to manage England's football team?

answer: Sven-Göran Eriksson

text: Sven-Göran Eriksson

question: How many competitive matches were lost under the tenure of manager Sven-Göran Eriksson?

answer: five

text: five

question: What was the highest world ranking achieved by England under management by Sven-Göran Eriksson?

answer: No.4

question: In what year was the contract of Sven-Göran Eriksson terminated?

answer: 2006

question: In what year did Sven-Göran Eriksson become the manager of England's football team?

answer: 2001


text: The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: found

text: the

text: island

text: uninhabited

text: with

text: an

text: abundance

text: of

text: trees

text: and

text: fresh

text: water

text: They

text: imported

text: livestock

text: fruit

text: trees

text: and

text: vegetables

text: and

text: built

text: a

text: chapel

text: and

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: houses

text: Though

text: they

text: formed

text: no

text: permanent

text: settlement

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: rendezvous

text: point

text: and

text: source

text: of

text: food

text: for

text: ships

text: travelling

text: from

text: Asia

text: to

text: Europe

text: and

text: frequently

text: sick

text: mariners

text: were

text: left

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: to

text: recover

text: before

text: taking

text: passage

text: on

text: the

text: next

text: ship

text: to

text: call

text: on

text: the

text: island

question: What did the island have an abundance of when discovered?

answer: trees and fresh water.

text: trees and fresh water.

question: What was imported by the settlers of the island?

answer: livestock, fruit trees and vegetables

text: livestock, fruit trees and vegetables

question: What kind of buildings were built by the settlers?

answer: a chapel and one or two houses.

text: a chapel and one or two houses.

question: Who was left on the island to recover when sick?

answer: mariners

text: mariners

question: What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe?

answer: food

text: food


text: Computers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count followed by the characters of the line and that used EBCDIC rather than ASCII. The Telnet protocol defined an ASCII "Network Virtual Terminal" (NVT), so that connections between hosts with different line-ending conventions and character sets could be supported by transmitting a standard text format over the network. Telnet used ASCII along with CR-LF line endings, and software using other conventions would translate between the local conventions and the NVT. The File Transfer Protocol adopted the Telnet protocol, including use of the Network Virtual Terminal, for use when transmitting commands and transferring data in the default ASCII mode. This adds complexity to implementations of those protocols, and to other network protocols, such as those used for E-mail and the World Wide Web, on systems not using the NVT's CR-LF line-ending convention.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: Computers

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: ARPANET

text: included

text: machines

text: running

text: operating

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: and

text: TENEX

text: using

text: CR

text: LF

text: line

text: endings

text: machines

text: running

text: operating

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: Multics

text: using

text: LF

text: line

text: endings

text: and

text: machines

text: running

text: operating

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: represented

text: lines

text: as

text: a

text: character

text: count

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: characters

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: and

text: that

text: used

text: EBCDIC

text: rather

text: than

text: ASCII

text: The

text: Telnet

text: protocol

text: defined

text: an

text: ASCII

text: Network

text: Virtual

text: Terminal

text: NVT

text: so

text: that

text: connections

text: between

text: hosts

text: with

text: different

text: line

text: ending

text: conventions

text: and

text: character

text: sets

text: could

text: be

text: supported

text: by

text: transmitting

text: a

text: standard

text: text

text: format

text: over

text: the

text: network

text: Telnet

text: used

text: ASCII

text: along

text: with

text: CR

text: LF

text: line

text: endings

text: and

text: software

text: using

text: other

text: conventions

text: would

text: translate

text: between

text: the

text: local

text: conventions

text: and

text: the

text: NVT

text: The

text: File

text: Transfer

text: Protocol

text: adopted

text: the

text: Telnet

text: protocol

text: including

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Network

text: Virtual

text: Terminal

text: for

text: use

text: when

text: transmitting

text: commands

text: and

text: transferring

text: data

text: in

text: the

text: default

text: ASCII

text: mode

text: This

text: adds

text: complexity

text: to

text: implementations

text: of

text: those

text: protocols

text: and

text: to

text: other

text: network

text: protocols

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: used

text: for

text: E

text: mail

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: on

text: systems

text: not

text: using

text: the

text: NVT

text: 's

text: CR

text: LF

text: line

text: ending

text: convention

question: What do computers attached to the ARPANET use for line endings?

answer: CR-LF

text: CR-LF

question: How were the connections supported?

answer: by transmitting a standard text format over the network

text: by transmitting a standard text format over the network

question: Who else adopted this practice from Telnet?

answer: The File Transfer Protocol

text: The File Transfer Protocol

question: Why did Telnet define an ASCII as a Network Virtual Terminal?

answer: so that connections between hosts with different line-ending conventions and character sets could be supported

text: so that connections between hosts with different line-ending conventions and character sets could be supported

question: What do computers using operating systems use for line endings?

answer: LF

text: LF


text: West founded the record label and production company GOOD Music in 2004, in conjunction with Sony BMG, shortly after releasing his debut album, The College Dropout. John Legend, Common, and West were the label's inaugural artists. The label houses artists including West, Big Sean, Pusha T, Teyana Taylor, Yasiin Bey / Mos Def, D'banj and John Legend, and producers including Hudson Mohawke, Q-Tip, Travis Scott, No I.D., Jeff Bhasker, and S1. GOOD Music has released ten albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In November 2015, West appointed Pusha T the new president of GOOD Music.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: founded

text: the

text: record

text: label

text: and

text: production

text: company

text: GOOD

text: Music

text: in

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: Sony

text: BMG

text: shortly

text: after

text: releasing

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: John

text: Legend

text: Common

text: and

text: West

text: were

text: the

text: label

text: 's

text: inaugural

text: artists

text: The

text: label

text: houses

text: artists

text: including

text: West

text: Big

text: Sean

text: Pusha

text: T

text: Teyana

text: Taylor

text: Yasiin

text: Bey

text: Mos

text: Def

text: D'banj

text: and

text: John

text: Legend

text: and

text: producers

text: including

text: Hudson

text: Mohawke

text: Q

text: Tip

text: Travis

text: Scott

text: No

text: I.D.

text: Jeff

text: Bhasker

text: and

text: GOOD

text: Music

text: has

text: released

text: ten

text: albums

text: certified

text: gold

text: or

text: higher

text: by

text: the

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: RIAA

text: In

text: November

text: West

text: appointed

text: Pusha

text: T

text: the

text: new

text: president

text: of

text: GOOD

text: Music

question: What did Kanye call the label he founded in 2004?

answer: GOOD Music

text: GOOD Music

question: As of 2015, who did Kanye choose as the new president of GOOD Music?

answer: Pusha T

text: Pusha T

question: What year did Kanye West open his GOOD Music production company and record label?

answer: 2004

question: What other artist besides Kanye West and Common was among the first to record at GOOD Music?

answer: John Legend

text: John Legend

question: Who did Kanye name President of GOOD Music in 2015?

answer: Pusha T

text: Pusha T


text: The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: The

text: Aravalli

text: Range

text: and

text: the

text: lands

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: are

text: generally

text: more

text: fertile

text: and

text: better

text: watered

text: This

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Kathiarbar

text: Gir

text: dry

text: deciduous

text: forests

text: ecoregion

text: with

text: tropical

text: dry

text: broadleaf

text: forests

text: that

text: include

text: teak

text: Acacia

text: and

text: other

text: trees

text: The

text: hilly

text: Vagad

text: region

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Dungarpur

text: and

text: Banswara

text: lies

text: in

text: southernmost

text: Rajasthan

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Gujarat

text: and

text: Madhya

text: Pradesh

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Mount

text: Abu

text: Vagad

text: is

text: the

text: wettest

text: region

text: in

text: Rajasthan

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: heavily

text: forested

text: North

text: of

text: Vagad

text: lies

text: the

text: Mewar

text: region

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Udaipur

text: and

text: Chittaurgarh

text: The

text: Hadoti

text: region

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Madhya

text: Pradesh

text: North

text: of

text: Hadoti

text: and

text: Mewar

text: lies

text: the

text: Dhundhar

text: region

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: Jaipur

text: Mewat

text: the

text: easternmost

text: region

text: of

text: Rajasthan

text: borders

text: Haryana

text: and

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: Eastern

text: and

text: southeastern

text: Rajasthan

text: is

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: Banas

text: and

text: Chambal

text: rivers

text: tributaries

text: of

text: the

text: Ganges

question: What is a characteristic of the region to the east of the Aravalli range?

answer: more fertile and better watered

text: more fertile and better watered

question: What is the name of the ecoregion to the east and southeast of the Aravalli Range?

answer: the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion

text: the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion

question: What are two examples of trees in the broadleaf forests east of the Aravalli's?

answer: teak, Acacia

text: teak, Acacia

question: What is the name of the region which is home to Dungarpur?

answer: Vagad region

text: Vagad region

question: What is the most heavily forested region in Rajasthan?

answer: Vagad

text: Vagad


text: Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion. Third, the statute or policy must not result in an "excessive entanglement" of government with religion. (The decision in Lemon v. Kurtzman hinged upon the conclusion that the government benefits were flowing disproportionately to Catholic schools, and that Catholic schools were an integral component of the Catholic Church's religious mission, thus the policy involved the state in an "excessive entanglement" with religion.) Failure to meet any of these criteria is a proof that the statute or policy in question violates the Establishment Clause.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Subsequent

text: to

text: this

text: decision

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: applied

text: a

text: three

text: pronged

text: test

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: government

text: action

text: comports

text: with

text: the

text: Establishment

text: Clause

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Lemon

text: Test

text: First

text: the

text: law

text: or

text: policy

text: must

text: have

text: been

text: adopted

text: with

text: a

text: neutral

text: or

text: non

text: religious

text: purpose

text: Second

text: the

text: principle

text: or

text: primary

text: effect

text: must

text: be

text: one

text: that

text: neither

text: advances

text: nor

text: inhibits

text: religion

text: Third

text: the

text: statute

text: or

text: policy

text: must

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: excessive

text: entanglement

text: of

text: government

text: with

text: religion

text: The

text: decision

text: in

text: Lemon

text: v.

text: Kurtzman

text: hinged

text: upon

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: benefits

text: were

text: flowing

text: disproportionately

text: to

text: Catholic

text: schools

text: and

text: that

text: Catholic

text: schools

text: were

text: an

text: integral

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: 's

text: religious

text: mission

text: thus

text: the

text: policy

text: involved

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: an

text: excessive

text: entanglement

text: with

text: religion

text: Failure

text: to

text: meet

text: any

text: of

text: these

text: criteria

text: is

text: a

text: proof

text: that

text: the

text: statute

text: or

text: policy

text: in

text: question

text: violates

text: the

text: Establishment

text: Clause

question: How many prongs is the Supreme COurt's test to determine if a government action comports with the Establishment Clause?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the three-pronged test regarding the Establishment Clause know as?

answer: "Lemon Test"

text: "Lemon Test"

question: To not violate the Establishment Clause, a law must be adopted with neutral or what purpose?

answer: non-religious

text: non-religious

question: What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit?

answer: religion

text: religion

question: Excessive entanglement occurs when a state policy results in a close relationship of what?

answer: government with religion

text: government with religion


text: Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that human beings possess a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self” and it suggests that the fulfillment of this nature is the reason for living. It also suggests that neurological development hinders actualizing the nature because a person becomes estranged from his or her true self. Therefore, literary devices reflect a characters’s and an author’s natural self. In his ‘‘Third Force Psychology and the Study of Literature’’, Paris argues “D.H Lawrence’s “pristine unconscious” is a metaphor for the real self”. Thus Literature is a reputable tool that allows readers to develop and apply critical reasoning to the nature of emotions.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Maslow

text: ’s

text: Third

text: Force

text: Psychology

text: Theory

text: even

text: allows

text: literary

text: analysts

text: to

text: critically

text: understand

text: how

text: characters

text: reflect

text: the

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: history

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: contextualized

text: It

text: also

text: allows

text: analysts

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: author

text: ’s

text: intended

text: message

text: and

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: author

text: ’s

text: psychology

text: The

text: theory

text: suggests

text: that

text: human

text: beings

text: possess

text: a

text: nature

text: within

text: them

text: that

text: demonstrates

text: their

text: true

text: self

text: and

text: it

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: this

text: nature

text: is

text: the

text: reason

text: for

text: living

text: It

text: also

text: suggests

text: that

text: neurological

text: development

text: hinders

text: actualizing

text: the

text: nature

text: because

text: a

text: person

text: becomes

text: estranged

text: from

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: true

text: self

text: Therefore

text: literary

text: devices

text: reflect

text: a

text: characters

text: ’s

text: and

text: an

text: author

text: ’s

text: natural

text: self

text: In

text: his

text: Third

text: Force

text: Psychology

text: and

text: the

text: Study

text: of

text: Literature

text: Paris

text: argues

text: D.H

text: Lawrence

text: ’s

text: pristine

text: unconscious

text: is

text: a

text: metaphor

text: for

text: the

text: real

text: self

text: Thus

text: Literature

text: is

text: a

text: reputable

text: tool

text: that

text: allows

text: readers

text: to

text: develop

text: and

text: apply

text: critical

text: reasoning

text: to

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: emotions

question: Who conceived of "The Third Force Psychology Theory?"

answer: Maslow

text: Maslow

question: The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what?

answer: a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self”

text: a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self”

question: The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what?

answer: the reason for living

text: the reason for living

question: What causes a person to become separated from their "true self"?

answer: neurological development

text: neurological development

question: What author espoused the theory of the "pristine unconscious?"

answer: D.H Lawrence

text: D.H Lawrence


text: Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks, and a major center in the United States for high-tech and biotech research, as well as advanced textile development. The city is a major retail shipping point for eastern North Carolina and a wholesale distributing point for the grocery industry.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: Raleigh

text: 's

text: industrial

text: base

text: includes

text: banking

text: financial

text: services

text: electrical

text: medical

text: electronic

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: equipment

text: clothing

text: and

text: apparel

text: food

text: processing

text: paper

text: products

text: and

text: pharmaceuticals

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: Research

text: Triangle

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: successful

text: research

text: parks

text: and

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: high

text: tech

text: and

text: biotech

text: research

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: advanced

text: textile

text: development

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: retail

text: shipping

text: point

text: for

text: eastern

text: North

text: Carolina

text: and

text: a

text: wholesale

text: distributing

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: grocery

text: industry

question: What is the main industrial area of Raleigh?

answer: banking/financial services;

text: banking/financial services;

question: What is Raleigh part of?

answer: North Carolina's Research Triangle

text: North Carolina's Research Triangle

question: What does the Research Triangle do?

answer: high-tech and biotech research

text: high-tech and biotech research

question: Is the city concerned with shipping?

answer: The city is a major retail shipping point

text: The city is a major retail shipping point

question: What industry is Raleigh a major wholesaler for?

answer: grocery

text: grocery


text: In the Mexico City airport, the government engaged in an extensive restructuring program that includes the addition of a new second terminal, which began operations in 2007, and the enlargement of four other airports (at the nearby cities of Toluca, Querétaro, Puebla and Cuernavaca) that, along with Mexico City's airport, comprise the Grupo Aeroportuario del Valle de México, distributing traffic to different regions in Mexico. The city of Pachuca will also provide additional expansion to central Mexico's airport network. Mexico City's airport is the main hub for 11 of the 21 national airline companies.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: In

text: the

text: Mexico

text: City

text: airport

text: the

text: government

text: engaged

text: in

text: an

text: extensive

text: restructuring

text: program

text: that

text: includes

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: second

text: terminal

text: which

text: began

text: operations

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: enlargement

text: of

text: four

text: other

text: airports

text: at

text: the

text: nearby

text: cities

text: of

text: Toluca

text: Querétaro

text: Puebla

text: and

text: Cuernavaca

text: that

text: along

text: with

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: airport

text: comprise

text: the

text: Grupo

text: Aeroportuario

text: del

text: Valle

text: de

text: México

text: distributing

text: traffic

text: to

text: different

text: regions

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Pachuca

text: will

text: also

text: provide

text: additional

text: expansion

text: to

text: central

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: airport

text: network

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: airport

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: hub

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: airline

text: companies

question: When did the second terminal open at the Mexico City Airport?

answer: 2007

question: How many national airlines are there in Mexico?

answer: 21

question: How many of the main Mexican airlines are based in Mexico City?

answer: 11

question: What is the new city that will be added to the group of Mexican Airports around Mexico City?

answer: Pachuca

text: Pachuca


text: Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars in which at least one great power was opposed to another, and they averaged little more than five years in length. In approximately a 450-year time frame, on average at least two great powers were fighting one another in each and every year." Even during the period of Pax Britannica (or "the British Peace") between 1815 and 1914, war and military confrontations among the great powers was still a frequent occurrence. In fact, Joshua Baron points out that, in terms of militarized conflicts or confrontations, the UK led the way in this period with nineteen such instances against; Russia (8), France (5), Germany/Prussia (5) and Italy (1).

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Referring

text: to

text: great

text: power

text: relations

text: Joshua

text: Baron

text: highlights

text: that

text: starting

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: several

text: European

text: great

text: powers

text: military

text: conflicts

text: and

text: confrontations

text: was

text: the

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: of

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: relations

text: between

text: such

text: powers

text: Between

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: wars

text: in

text: which

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: great

text: power

text: was

text: opposed

text: to

text: another

text: and

text: they

text: averaged

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: five

text: years

text: in

text: length

text: In

text: approximately

text: a

text: time

text: frame

text: on

text: average

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: great

text: powers

text: were

text: fighting

text: one

text: another

text: in

text: each

text: and

text: every

text: year

text: Even

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Pax

text: Britannica

text: or

text: the

text: British

text: Peace

text: between

text: and

text: war

text: and

text: military

text: confrontations

text: among

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: frequent

text: occurrence

text: In

text: fact

text: Joshua

text: Baron

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: militarized

text: conflicts

text: or

text: confrontations

text: the

text: UK

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: with

text: nineteen

text: such

text: instances

text: against

text: Russia

text: France

text: Germany

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Italy

question: How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?

answer: 64

question: For bout how many years was an average of one great power fighting another each year?

answer: 450

question: What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century?

answer: UK

text: UK

question: What span was the Pax Britannica?

answer: between 1815 and 1914

text: between 1815 and 1914


text: The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: same

text: considerations

text: about

text: barriers

text: and

text: detours

text: that

text: apply

text: to

text: long

text: distance

text: land

text: bird

text: migration

text: apply

text: to

text: water

text: birds

text: but

text: in

text: reverse

text: a

text: large

text: area

text: of

text: land

text: without

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: that

text: offer

text: feeding

text: sites

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: a

text: barrier

text: to

text: a

text: bird

text: that

text: feeds

text: in

text: coastal

text: waters

text: Detours

text: avoiding

text: such

text: barriers

text: are

text: observed

text: for

text: example

text: brent

text: geese

text: Branta

text: bernicla

text: migrating

text: from

text: the

text: Taymyr

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: Wadden

text: Sea

text: travel

text: via

text: the

text: White

text: Sea

text: coast

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: rather

text: than

text: directly

text: across

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: northern

text: Scandinavia

question: What do water birds avoid while migrating?

answer: a large area of land without bodies of water

text: a large area of land without bodies of water

question: Where do brent geese migrate from?

answer: the Taymyr Peninsula

text: the Taymyr Peninsula

question: Where do brent geese migrate to?

answer: the Wadden Sea

text: the Wadden Sea

question: How do brent geese migrate?

answer: via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea

text: via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea


text: Himachal is extremely rich in hydro electric resources. The state has about 25% of the national potential in this respect. It has been estimated that about 20,300MW of hydro electric power can be generated in the State by constructing various major, medium, small and mini/micro hydel projects on the five river basins. The state is also the first state in India to achieve the goal of having a bank account for every family.[citation needed] As per the current prices, the total GDP was estimated at ₹ 254 billion as against ₹ 230 billion in the year 2004–05, showing an increase of 10.5%. The recent years witnessed quick establishment of International Entrepreneurship. Luxury hotels, food and franchisees of recognised brands e.g. Mc Donalds, KFC and Pizza hut have rapidly spread.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Himachal

text: is

text: extremely

text: rich

text: in

text: hydro

text: electric

text: resources

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: potential

text: in

text: this

text: respect

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: that

text: about

text: of

text: hydro

text: electric

text: power

text: can

text: be

text: generated

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: by

text: constructing

text: various

text: major

text: medium

text: small

text: and

text: mini

text: micro

text: hydel

text: projects

text: on

text: the

text: five

text: river

text: basins

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: having

text: a

text: bank

text: account

text: for

text: every

text: family.[citation

text: needed

text: As

text: per

text: the

text: current

text: prices

text: the

text: total

text: GDP

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: billion

text: as

text: against

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: showing

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: The

text: recent

text: years

text: witnessed

text: quick

text: establishment

text: of

text: International

text: Entrepreneurship

text: Luxury

text: hotels

text: food

text: and

text: franchisees

text: of

text: recognised

text: brands

text: e.g.

text: Mc

text: Donalds

text: KFC

text: and

text: Pizza

text: hut

text: have

text: rapidly

text: spread

question: Himachal is extremely rich in?

answer: hydro electric resources

text: hydro electric resources

question: Who is the first state in India to have every family have a bank account?

answer: Himachal

text: Himachal

question: How much hydroelectric power can be generated?

answer: 20,300MW

question: What has rapidly spread due to economic increase?

answer: Luxury hotels, food and franchisees of recognised brands e.g. Mc Donalds, KFC and Pizza hut

text: Luxury hotels, food and franchisees of recognised brands e.g. Mc Donalds, KFC and Pizza hut

question: What is current GDP estimated at?

answer: ₹ 254 billion

text: ₹ 254 billion


text: Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting. Many lines have come to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards for different trains to avoid having to replace the existing rolling stock on those lines. Obviously, this requires that the economics of a particular connection must be more compelling and this has prevented complete electrification of many lines. In a few cases, there are diesel trains running along completely electrified routes and this can be due to incompatibility of electrification standards along the route.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Additionally

text: there

text: are

text: issues

text: of

text: connections

text: between

text: different

text: electrical

text: services

text: particularly

text: connecting

text: intercity

text: lines

text: with

text: sections

text: electrified

text: for

text: commuter

text: traffic

text: but

text: also

text: between

text: commuter

text: lines

text: built

text: to

text: different

text: standards

text: This

text: can

text: cause

text: electrification

text: of

text: certain

text: connections

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: expensive

text: simply

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: implications

text: on

text: the

text: sections

text: it

text: is

text: connecting

text: Many

text: lines

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: overlaid

text: with

text: multiple

text: electrification

text: standards

text: for

text: different

text: trains

text: to

text: avoid

text: having

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: existing

text: rolling

text: stock

text: on

text: those

text: lines

text: Obviously

text: this

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: economics

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: connection

text: must

text: be

text: more

text: compelling

text: and

text: this

text: has

text: prevented

text: complete

text: electrification

text: of

text: many

text: lines

text: In

text: a

text: few

text: cases

text: there

text: are

text: diesel

text: trains

text: running

text: along

text: completely

text: electrified

text: routes

text: and

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: incompatibility

text: of

text: electrification

text: standards

text: along

text: the

text: route

question: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?

answer: connections between different electrical services

text: connections between different electrical services

question: Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?

answer: the implications on the sections it is connecting

text: the implications on the sections it is connecting

question: What is the solution many lines came up with in order to avoid replacing present rolling stock?

answer: to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards

text: to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards

question: Why are disel trains  still used on electrified routes?

answer: due to incompatibility of electrification standards

text: due to incompatibility of electrification standards


text: In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, "If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: renaissance

text: various

text: writers

text: began

text: to

text: question

text: the

text: medieval

text: and

text: classical

text: understanding

text: of

text: knowledge

text: acquisition

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: fundamental

text: way

text: In

text: political

text: and

text: historical

text: writing

text: Niccolò

text: Machiavelli

text: and

text: his

text: friend

text: Francesco

text: Guicciardini

text: initiated

text: a

text: new

text: realistic

text: style

text: of

text: writing

text: Machiavelli

text: in

text: particular

text: was

text: scornful

text: of

text: writers

text: on

text: politics

text: who

text: judged

text: everything

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: mental

text: ideals

text: and

text: demanded

text: that

text: people

text: should

text: study

text: the

text: effectual

text: truth

text: instead

text: Their

text: contemporary

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: said

text: If

text: you

text: find

text: from

text: your

text: own

text: experience

text: that

text: something

text: is

text: a

text: fact

text: and

text: it

text: contradicts

text: what

text: some

text: authority

text: has

text: written

text: down

text: then

text: you

text: must

text: abandon

text: the

text: authority

text: and

text: base

text: your

text: reasoning

text: on

text: your

text: own

text: findings

question: When was da Vinci born?

answer: 1452

question: When did da Vinci die?

answer: 1519

question: What did renaissance writers question?

answer: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition

text: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition

question: Who did Machiavelli disdain?

answer: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals

text: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals

question: What did da Vinci advise when your experience contradicted authority?

answer: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings

text: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings


text: A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: A

text: district

text: of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: geographical

text: unit

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: Deputy

text: Commissioner

text: or

text: District

text: Magistrate

text: an

text: officer

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Administrative

text: Service

text: The

text: district

text: magistrate

text: or

text: the

text: deputy

text: commissioner

text: is

text: assisted

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: officers

text: belonging

text: to

text: Himachal

text: Administrative

text: Service

text: and

text: other

text: Himachal

text: state

text: services

text: Each

text: district

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: Sub

text: Divisions

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: sub

text: divisional

text: magistrate

text: and

text: again

text: into

text: Blocks

text: Blocks

text: consists

text: of

text: panchayats

text: village

text: councils

text: and

text: town

text: municipalities

text: A

text: Superintendent

text: of

text: Police

text: an

text: officer

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Police

text: Service

text: is

text: entrusted

text: with

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: maintaining

text: law

text: and

text: order

text: and

text: related

text: issues

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: He

text: is

text: assisted

text: by

text: the

text: officers

text: of

text: the

text: Himachal

text: Police

text: Service

text: and

text: other

text: Himachal

text: Police

text: officials

question: Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?

answer: Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate

text: Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate

question: Who maintains law and order?

answer: Superintendent of Police

text: Superintendent of Police

question: Who assists the Superintendent of Police?

answer: the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.

text: the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.


text: In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Over 40 spent time in prison. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Espionage

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: extended

text: by

text: the

text: Sedition

text: Act

text: of

text: enacted

text: in

text: May

text: In

text: February

text: the

text: Montana

text: legislature

text: had

text: passed

text: the

text: Montana

text: Sedition

text: Act

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: the

text: federal

text: version

text: In

text: combination

text: these

text: laws

text: criminalized

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: military

text: or

text: symbols

text: through

text: speech

text: or

text: other

text: means

text: The

text: Montana

text: Act

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: over

text: individuals

text: and

text: the

text: conviction

text: of

text: mostly

text: of

text: German

text: or

text: Austrian

text: descent

text: Over

text: spent

text: time

text: in

text: prison

text: In

text: May

text: then

text: Governor

text: Brian

text: Schweitzer

text: posthumously

text: issued

text: full

text: pardons

text: for

text: all

text: those

text: convicted

text: of

text: violating

text: the

text: Montana

text: Sedition

text: Act

question: When did Congress pass the Espionage Act?

answer: 1917

question: When was the Sedition Act passed?

answer: 1918

question: What were these acts make do to laws?

answer: criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means

text: criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means

question: How many people were arrested from the Montana Act?

answer: 200

question: How many of the 200 arrested in the Montana Act were convicted?

answer: 78


text: Criticism of the term intellectual property ranges from discussing its vagueness and abstract overreach to direct contention to the semantic validity of using words like property and rights in fashions that contradict practice and law. Many detractors think this term specially serves the doctrinal agenda of parties opposing reform in the public interest or otherwise abusing related legislations; and that it disallows intelligent discussion about specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Criticism

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: intellectual

text: property

text: ranges

text: from

text: discussing

text: its

text: vagueness

text: and

text: abstract

text: overreach

text: to

text: direct

text: contention

text: to

text: the

text: semantic

text: validity

text: of

text: using

text: words

text: like

text: property

text: and

text: rights

text: in

text: fashions

text: that

text: contradict

text: practice

text: and

text: law

text: Many

text: detractors

text: think

text: this

text: term

text: specially

text: serves

text: the

text: doctrinal

text: agenda

text: of

text: parties

text: opposing

text: reform

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: interest

text: or

text: otherwise

text: abusing

text: related

text: legislations

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: disallows

text: intelligent

text: discussion

text: about

text: specific

text: and

text: often

text: unrelated

text: aspects

text: of

text: copyright

text: patents

text: trademarks

text: etc

question: Which term is criticized as vague?

answer: intellectual property

text: intellectual property

question: What does the term 'intellectual property' disallow intelligent discussion about?

answer: specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc.

text: specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc.

question: Critics criticize what type of validity of the term 'intellectual property'?

answer: semantic

text: semantic

question: Which term is criticized as having abstract overreach?

answer: intellectual property

text: intellectual property


text: Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and leave earlier in summer their labor is less valuable. Dairy farmers are another group who complain of the change. Their cows are sensitive to the timing of milking, so delivering milk earlier disrupts their systems. Today some farmers' groups are in favor of DST.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Conversely

text: DST

text: can

text: adversely

text: affect

text: farmers

text: parents

text: of

text: young

text: children

text: and

text: others

text: whose

text: hours

text: are

text: set

text: by

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: traditionally

text: opposed

text: the

text: practice

text: although

text: some

text: farmers

text: are

text: neutral

text: One

text: reason

text: why

text: farmers

text: oppose

text: DST

text: is

text: that

text: grain

text: is

text: best

text: harvested

text: after

text: dew

text: evaporates

text: so

text: when

text: field

text: hands

text: arrive

text: and

text: leave

text: earlier

text: in

text: summer

text: their

text: labor

text: is

text: less

text: valuable

text: Dairy

text: farmers

text: are

text: another

text: group

text: who

text: complain

text: of

text: the

text: change

text: Their

text: cows

text: are

text: sensitive

text: to

text: the

text: timing

text: of

text: milking

text: so

text: delivering

text: milk

text: earlier

text: disrupts

text: their

text: systems

text: Today

text: some

text: farmers

text: groups

text: are

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: DST

question: Is it better to harvest grain before or after the morning dew evaporates?

answer: after

text: after

question: What animal on dairy farms is affected by timing?

answer: cows

text: cows

question: What does earlier milk delivery do to cows?

answer: disrupts their systems

text: disrupts their systems

question: Some farmers oppose DST because their farm laborers arrive to work and leave later or earlier?

answer: earlier

text: earlier

question: Besides farmers, what other group of people set their schedules by the sun?

answer: parents of young children

text: parents of young children


text: In London Chopin took lodgings at Dover Street, where the firm of Broadwood provided him with a grand piano. At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's technique. Broadwood also arranged concerts for him; among those attending were Thackeray and the singer Jenny Lind. Chopin was also sought after for piano lessons, for which he charged the high fee of one guinea (£1.05 in present British currency) per hour, and for private recitals for which the fee was 20 guineas. At a concert on 7 July he shared the platform with Viardot, who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: London

text: Chopin

text: took

text: lodgings

text: at

text: Dover

text: Street

text: where

text: the

text: firm

text: of

text: Broadwood

text: provided

text: him

text: with

text: a

text: grand

text: piano

text: At

text: his

text: first

text: engagement

text: on

text: May

text: at

text: Stafford

text: House

text: the

text: audience

text: included

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Prince

text: Albert

text: The

text: Prince

text: who

text: was

text: himself

text: a

text: talented

text: musician

text: moved

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: keyboard

text: to

text: view

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: technique

text: Broadwood

text: also

text: arranged

text: concerts

text: for

text: him

text: among

text: those

text: attending

text: were

text: Thackeray

text: and

text: the

text: singer

text: Jenny

text: Lind

text: Chopin

text: was

text: also

text: sought

text: after

text: for

text: piano

text: lessons

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: charged

text: the

text: high

text: fee

text: of

text: one

text: guinea

text: in

text: present

text: British

text: currency

text: per

text: hour

text: and

text: for

text: private

text: recitals

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: fee

text: was

text: guineas

text: At

text: a

text: concert

text: on

text: July

text: he

text: shared

text: the

text: platform

text: with

text: Viardot

text: who

text: sang

text: arrangements

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: mazurkas

text: to

text: Spanish

text: texts

question: Where did Chopin stay while in London?

answer: Dover Street

text: Dover Street

question: What company provided Chopin with a piano while in London?

answer: Broadwood

text: Broadwood

question: Where was Chopin's initial performance?

answer: Stafford House

text: Stafford House

question: What two notable guests were present during his premiere performance at Stafford House?

answer: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

text: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

question: What date did he perform with Viardot?

answer: 7 July

text: 7 July

question: What steet did Chopin stay on in London?

answer: Dover Street

text: Dover Street

question: What did Broadway provide for Chopin?

answer: a grand piano.

text: a grand piano.

question: What two dignitaries where at his first performance in London?

answer: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

text: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

question: In addition to hearing him play, what else did people seek from Chopin in London?

answer: piano lessons

text: piano lessons

question: Who sang chopin arrangements on July 7 of the year Chopin was in London?

answer: Viardot

text: Viardot


text: In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The King's Singers are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. In 1983 an a cappella group known as The Flying Pickets had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of Yazoo's (known in the US as Yaz) "Only You". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as The Manhattan Transfer, Bobby McFerrin, Huey Lewis and the News, All-4-One, The Nylons, Backstreet Boys and Boyz II Men.[citation needed]

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: In

text: July

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Federation

text: of

text: Musicians

text: boycott

text: of

text: US

text: recording

text: studios

text: the

text: a

text: cappella

text: vocal

text: group

text: The

text: Song

text: Spinners

text: had

text: a

text: best

text: seller

text: with

text: Comin

text: In

text: On

text: A

text: Wing

text: And

text: A

text: Prayer

text: In

text: the

text: several

text: recording

text: groups

text: notably

text: The

text: Hi

text: Los

text: and

text: the

text: Four

text: Freshmen

text: introduced

text: complex

text: jazz

text: harmonies

text: to

text: a

text: cappella

text: performances

text: The

text: King

text: 's

text: Singers

text: are

text: credited

text: with

text: promoting

text: interest

text: in

text: small

text: group

text: a

text: cappella

text: performances

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: an

text: a

text: cappella

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Flying

text: Pickets

text: had

text: a

text: Christmas

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: with

text: a

text: cover

text: of

text: Yazoo

text: 's

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: as

text: Yaz

text: Only

text: You

text: A

text: cappella

text: music

text: attained

text: renewed

text: prominence

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: onward

text: spurred

text: by

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: Top

text: recordings

text: by

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Manhattan

text: Transfer

text: Bobby

text: McFerrin

text: Huey

text: Lewis

text: and

text: the

text: News

text: The

text: Nylons

text: Backstreet

text: Boys

text: and

text: Boyz

text: II

text: Men.[citation

text: needed

question: What a cappella group rose to popularity in 1943?

answer: The Song Spinners

text: The Song Spinners

question: What was boycotted by American musicians in 1943?

answer: US recording studios

text: US recording studios

question: Who is credited for first introducing elements of Jazz into a cappella?

answer: The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen

text: The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen

question: What number one song was covered by an a cappella group in 1983?

answer: "Only You"

text: "Only You"

question: During and after the 80's, what helped a cappella music rise in popularity?

answer: the success of Top 40 recordings

text: the success of Top 40 recordings


text: In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Nanking and the Chinese market opened to the opium traders of Britain and other nations. The Jardines and Apcar and Company dominated the trade, although P&O also tried to take a share. A Second Opium War fought by Britain and France against China lasted from 1856 until 1860 and led to the Treaty of Tientsin, which legalised the importation of opium. Legalisation stimulated domestic Chinese opium production and increased the importation of opium from Turkey and Persia. This increased competition for the Chinese market led to India reducing its opium output and diversifying its exports.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: In

text: with

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: smuggled

text: opium

text: entering

text: China

text: approaching

text: tons

text: a

text: year

text: the

text: Chinese

text: imposed

text: a

text: death

text: penalty

text: for

text: opium

text: smuggling

text: and

text: sent

text: a

text: Special

text: Imperial

text: Commissioner

text: Lin

text: Zexu

text: to

text: curb

text: smuggling

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: Opium

text: War

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: island

text: was

text: ceded

text: to

text: Britain

text: under

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nanking

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: market

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: opium

text: traders

text: of

text: Britain

text: and

text: other

text: nations

text: The

text: Jardines

text: and

text: Apcar

text: and

text: Company

text: dominated

text: the

text: trade

text: although

text: P&O

text: also

text: tried

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: share

text: A

text: Second

text: Opium

text: War

text: fought

text: by

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: against

text: China

text: lasted

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Tientsin

text: which

text: legalised

text: the

text: importation

text: of

text: opium

text: Legalisation

text: stimulated

text: domestic

text: Chinese

text: opium

text: production

text: and

text: increased

text: the

text: importation

text: of

text: opium

text: from

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Persia

text: This

text: increased

text: competition

text: for

text: the

text: Chinese

text: market

text: led

text: to

text: India

text: reducing

text: its

text: opium

text: output

text: and

text: diversifying

text: its

text: exports

question: in 1838 what was the sentence for smuggling opium in to China?

answer: death penalty

text: death penalty

question: in 1838 about how many tone of  Opium was smuggled in to China per year?

answer: 1,400 tons

text: 1,400 tons

question: what was the title of the person people were sent to if they were  caught smuggling Opium in to China?

answer: Special Imperial Commissioner

text: Special Imperial Commissioner

question: when did the first Opium war start?

answer: 1839

question: Britian faught side by side with what country  in the second Opium war?

answer: France

text: France


text: Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in the 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with reseda luteola, also known as yellow-weed.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Unfortunately

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: wanted

text: or

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: wear

text: green

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: good

text: vegetal

text: green

text: dyes

text: which

text: resisted

text: washing

text: and

text: sunlight

text: Green

text: dyes

text: were

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: fern

text: plantain

text: buckthorn

text: berries

text: the

text: juice

text: of

text: nettles

text: and

text: of

text: leeks

text: the

text: digitalis

text: plant

text: the

text: broom

text: plant

text: the

text: leaves

text: of

text: the

text: fraxinus

text: or

text: ash

text: tree

text: and

text: the

text: bark

text: of

text: the

text: alder

text: tree

text: but

text: they

text: rapidly

text: faded

text: or

text: changed

text: color

text: Only

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: a

text: good

text: green

text: dye

text: produced

text: by

text: first

text: dyeing

text: the

text: cloth

text: blue

text: with

text: woad

text: and

text: then

text: yellow

text: with

text: reseda

text: luteola

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: yellow

text: weed

question: Why were vegetal green dyes less than ideal?

answer: they rapidly faded or changed color

text: they rapidly faded or changed color

question: When was a good green vegetal dye finally produced?

answer: 16th century

text: 16th century

question: What was known as yellow-weed?

answer: reseda luteola

text: reseda luteola


text: Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Some

text: predators

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: birds

text: during

text: migration

text: Greater

text: noctule

text: bats

text: feed

text: on

text: nocturnal

text: migrating

text: passerines

text: Some

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: specialize

text: on

text: migrating

text: waders

question: Who takes advantage of migrating birds?

answer: Greater noctule bats

text: Greater noctule bats

question: What do greater noctule bats feed on?

answer: nocturnal migrating passerines

text: nocturnal migrating passerines

question: What do some birds of prey specialize on?

answer: migrating waders

text: migrating waders


text: During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding sister chromatid. This has no effect if the alleles on the chromatids are the same, but results in reassortment of otherwise linked alleles if they are different.:5.5 The Mendelian principle of independent assortment asserts that each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes; which allele an organism inherits for one trait is unrelated to which allele it inherits for another trait. This is in fact only true for genes that do not reside on the same chromosome, or are located very far from one another on the same chromosome. The closer two genes lie on the same chromosome, the more closely they will be associated in gametes and the more often they will appear together; genes that are very close are essentially never separated because it is extremely unlikely that a crossover point will occur between them. This is known as genetic linkage.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: During

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: meiotic

text: cell

text: division

text: an

text: event

text: called

text: genetic

text: recombination

text: or

text: crossing

text: over

text: can

text: sometimes

text: occur

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: length

text: of

text: DNA

text: on

text: one

text: chromatid

text: is

text: swapped

text: with

text: a

text: length

text: of

text: DNA

text: on

text: the

text: corresponding

text: sister

text: chromatid

text: This

text: has

text: no

text: effect

text: if

text: the

text: alleles

text: on

text: the

text: chromatids

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: but

text: results

text: in

text: reassortment

text: of

text: otherwise

text: linked

text: alleles

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: The

text: Mendelian

text: principle

text: of

text: independent

text: assortment

text: asserts

text: that

text: each

text: of

text: a

text: parent

text: 's

text: two

text: genes

text: for

text: each

text: trait

text: will

text: sort

text: independently

text: into

text: gametes

text: which

text: allele

text: an

text: organism

text: inherits

text: for

text: one

text: trait

text: is

text: unrelated

text: to

text: which

text: allele

text: it

text: inherits

text: for

text: another

text: trait

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: fact

text: only

text: true

text: for

text: genes

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: reside

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: chromosome

text: or

text: are

text: located

text: very

text: far

text: from

text: one

text: another

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: chromosome

text: The

text: closer

text: two

text: genes

text: lie

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: chromosome

text: the

text: more

text: closely

text: they

text: will

text: be

text: associated

text: in

text: gametes

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: often

text: they

text: will

text: appear

text: together

text: genes

text: that

text: are

text: very

text: close

text: are

text: essentially

text: never

text: separated

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: extremely

text: unlikely

text: that

text: a

text: crossover

text: point

text: will

text: occur

text: between

text: them

text: This

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: genetic

text: linkage

question: When can an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over sometimes occur?

answer: During the process of meiotic cell division

text: During the process of meiotic cell division

question: If the alleles on the chromatids are the same, what effect arises from genetic recombination?

answer: no effect

text: no effect

question: If the alleles on the chromatids are different, what effect arises from genetic recombination?

answer: reassortment of otherwise linked alleles

text: reassortment of otherwise linked alleles

question: Each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes according to what Mendelian principle?

answer: independent assortment

text: independent assortment

question: In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur?

answer: a crossover point

text: a crossover point


text: Companies with limited resources may choose to engage in only a few of these activities, while larger organizations may employ a full spectrum of communications. Since it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills, communications professionals often specialize in one or two of these areas but usually have at least a working knowledge of most of them. By far, the most important qualifications communications professionals can possess are excellent writing ability, good 'people' skills, and the capacity to think critically and strategically.

title: Communication

title: Communication

text: Companies

text: with

text: limited

text: resources

text: may

text: choose

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: these

text: activities

text: while

text: larger

text: organizations

text: may

text: employ

text: a

text: full

text: spectrum

text: of

text: communications

text: Since

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: develop

text: such

text: a

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: skills

text: communications

text: professionals

text: often

text: specialize

text: in

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: of

text: these

text: areas

text: but

text: usually

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: working

text: knowledge

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: By

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: qualifications

text: communications

text: professionals

text: can

text: possess

text: are

text: excellent

text: writing

text: ability

text: good

text: people

text: skills

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: think

text: critically

text: and

text: strategically

question: Why do communications professionals typically specialize in only one or two areas of communication?

answer: it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills

text: it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills

question: Good people skills is a qualification that is important to what profession?

answer: communications

text: communications

question: What kind of companies may engage in only a few types of communications?

answer: Companies with limited resources

text: Companies with limited resources

question: What is one of the most important qualifications for a communications professional to have?

answer: excellent writing ability

text: excellent writing ability


text: The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space. The only discernible difference between them is that the latter is positioned five feet to the left of the first. The example is only possible if such a thing as absolute space exists. Such a situation, however, is not possible, according to Leibniz, for if it were, a universe's position in absolute space would have no sufficient reason, as it might very well have been anywhere else. Therefore, it contradicts the principle of sufficient reason, and there could exist two distinct universes that were in all ways indiscernible, thus contradicting the identity of indiscernibles.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: The

text: example

text: Leibniz

text: uses

text: involves

text: two

text: proposed

text: universes

text: situated

text: in

text: absolute

text: space

text: The

text: only

text: discernible

text: difference

text: between

text: them

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: positioned

text: five

text: feet

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: The

text: example

text: is

text: only

text: possible

text: if

text: such

text: a

text: thing

text: as

text: absolute

text: space

text: exists

text: Such

text: a

text: situation

text: however

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: according

text: to

text: Leibniz

text: for

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: a

text: universe

text: 's

text: position

text: in

text: absolute

text: space

text: would

text: have

text: no

text: sufficient

text: reason

text: as

text: it

text: might

text: very

text: well

text: have

text: been

text: anywhere

text: else

text: Therefore

text: it

text: contradicts

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: sufficient

text: reason

text: and

text: there

text: could

text: exist

text: two

text: distinct

text: universes

text: that

text: were

text: in

text: all

text: ways

text: indiscernible

text: thus

text: contradicting

text: the

text: identity

text: of

text: indiscernibles

question: Leibniz's example involves how many universes?

answer: two

text: two

question: Where are Leibniz's universes situated?

answer: absolute space

text: absolute space

question: How far are Leibniz's universes situated apart?

answer: five feet

text: five feet

question: What is the only way Leibniz's example would be possible?

answer: absolute space exists

text: absolute space exists


text: Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians.

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: Formed

text: in

text: Everton

text: were

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: The

text: Football

text: League

text: in

text: and

text: won

text: their

text: first

text: league

text: championship

text: two

text: seasons

text: later

text: Following

text: four

text: league

text: titles

text: and

text: two

text: FA

text: Cup

text: wins

text: Everton

text: experienced

text: a

text: lull

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: Two

text: period

text: until

text: a

text: revival

text: in

text: the

text: which

text: saw

text: the

text: club

text: win

text: two

text: league

text: championships

text: and

text: an

text: FA

text: Cup

text: The

text: represented

text: their

text: most

text: recent

text: period

text: of

text: sustained

text: success

text: with

text: two

text: League

text: Championship

text: successes

text: an

text: FA

text: Cup

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: most

text: recent

text: major

text: trophy

text: was

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: supporters

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Evertonians

question: When was the Everton club founded?

answer: 1878

question: In what decade did Everton experience a revival?

answer: 1960s

question: When was Everton's most recent trophy awarded?

answer: 1995

question: How many league championships did Everton win in the 1960s?

answer: two

text: two

question: What nickname is used for Everton's club supporters?

answer: Evertonians

text: Evertonians


text: Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Rapid

text: environmental

text: changes

text: typically

text: cause

text: mass

text: extinctions

text: More

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: species

text: amounting

text: to

text: over

text: five

text: billion

text: species

text: that

text: ever

text: lived

text: on

text: Earth

text: are

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: extinct

text: Estimates

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: current

text: species

text: range

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: of

text: which

text: about

text: million

text: have

text: been

text: documented

text: and

text: over

text: percent

text: have

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: described

text: The

text: total

text: amount

text: of

text: related

text: DNA

text: base

text: pairs

text: on

text: Earth

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: x

text: and

text: weighs

text: billion

text: tonnes

text: In

text: comparison

text: the

text: total

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: biosphere

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: TtC

text: trillion

text: tons

text: of

text: carbon

question: What can typically cause mass extinctions?

answer: Rapid environmental changes

text: Rapid environmental changes

question: What percentage of species is estimated to be extinct?

answer: More than 99 percent

text: More than 99 percent

question: How many species have ever lived on earth?

answer: over five billion species

text: over five billion species

question: How many species currently live on earth?

answer: Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million,

text: Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million,

question: What is the estimated weight of the total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth?

answer: 50 billion tonnes

text: 50 billion tonnes


text: Historical narratives of manga tend to focus either on its recent, post-WWII history, or on attempts to demonstrates deep roots in the past, such as to the Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga picture scroll of the 12th and 13th centuries, or the early 19th-century Hokusai Manga. The first historical overview of Japanese comics was Seiki Hosokibara's Nihon Manga-Shi[i] in 1924. Early post-war Japanese criticism was mostly of a left-wing political nature until the 1986 publication for Tomofusa Kure's Modern Manga: The Complete Picture,[j] which de-emphasized politics in favour of formal aspects, such as structure and a "grammar" of comics. The field of manga studies increased rapidly, with numerous books on the subject appearing in the 1990s. Formal theories of manga have focused on developing a "manga expression theory",[k] with emphasis on spatial relationships in the structure of images on the page, distinguishing the medium from film or literature, in which the flow of time is the basic organizing element. Comics studies courses have proliferated at Japanese universities, and Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics (ja)[l] was established in 2001 to promote comics scholarship. The publication of Frederik L. Schodt's Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics in 1983 led to the spread of use of the word manga outside Japan to mean "Japanese comics" or "Japanese-style comics".

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Historical

text: narratives

text: of

text: manga

text: tend

text: to

text: focus

text: either

text: on

text: its

text: recent

text: post

text: WWII

text: history

text: or

text: on

text: attempts

text: to

text: demonstrates

text: deep

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: such

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: Chōjū

text: jinbutsu

text: giga

text: picture

text: scroll

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: or

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Hokusai

text: Manga

text: The

text: first

text: historical

text: overview

text: of

text: Japanese

text: comics

text: was

text: Seiki

text: Hosokibara

text: 's

text: Nihon

text: Manga

text: Shi[i

text: in

text: Early

text: post

text: war

text: Japanese

text: criticism

text: was

text: mostly

text: of

text: a

text: left

text: wing

text: political

text: nature

text: until

text: the

text: publication

text: for

text: Tomofusa

text: Kure

text: 's

text: Modern

text: Manga

text: The

text: Complete

text: Picture,[j

text: which

text: de

text: emphasized

text: politics

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: formal

text: aspects

text: such

text: as

text: structure

text: and

text: a

text: grammar

text: of

text: comics

text: The

text: field

text: of

text: manga

text: studies

text: increased

text: rapidly

text: with

text: numerous

text: books

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: appearing

text: in

text: the

text: Formal

text: theories

text: of

text: manga

text: have

text: focused

text: on

text: developing

text: a

text: manga

text: expression

text: theory",[k

text: with

text: emphasis

text: on

text: spatial

text: relationships

text: in

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: images

text: on

text: the

text: page

text: distinguishing

text: the

text: medium

text: from

text: film

text: or

text: literature

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: time

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: organizing

text: element

text: Comics

text: studies

text: courses

text: have

text: proliferated

text: at

text: Japanese

text: universities

text: and

text: Japan

text: Society

text: for

text: Studies

text: in

text: Cartoon

text: and

text: Comics

text: ja)[l

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: to

text: promote

text: comics

text: scholarship

text: The

text: publication

text: of

text: Frederik

text: L.

text: Schodt

text: 's

text: Manga

text: Manga

text: The

text: World

text: of

text: Japanese

text: Comics

text: in

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: manga

text: outside

text: Japan

text: to

text: mean

text: Japanese

text: comics

text: or

text: Japanese

text: style

text: comics

question: Which historical overview did Seiki Hosokibara create?

answer: Nihon Manga-Shi

text: Nihon Manga-Shi

question: When did Hosokibara create Nihon Manga-Shi?

answer: 1924

question: What was created in 2001 to give students comic scholarships?

answer: Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics

text: Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics

question: Who helped the rest of the world use the word manga outside of Japan's borders?

answer: Frederik L. Schodt

text: Frederik L. Schodt

question: What publication is Schodt responsible for?

answer: Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics

text: Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics