text: Batman's Treaty with the Aborigines was annulled by the New South Wales governor (who at the time governed all of eastern mainland Australia), with compensation paid to members of the association. In 1836, Governor Bourke declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, and commissioned the first plan for the city, the Hoddle Grid, in 1837. The settlement was named Batmania after Batman. However, later that year the settlement was named "Melbourne" after the British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, whose seat was Melbourne Hall in the market town of Melbourne, Derbyshire. On 13 April 1837 the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Batman

text: 's

text: Treaty

text: with

text: the

text: Aborigines

text: was

text: annulled

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: governor

text: who

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: governed

text: all

text: of

text: eastern

text: mainland

text: Australia

text: with

text: compensation

text: paid

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: association

text: In

text: Governor

text: Bourke

text: declared

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: administrative

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Port

text: Phillip

text: District

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: and

text: commissioned

text: the

text: first

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Hoddle

text: Grid

text: in

text: The

text: settlement

text: was

text: named

text: Batmania

text: after

text: Batman

text: However

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: settlement

text: was

text: named

text: Melbourne

text: after

text: the

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: William

text: Lamb

text: Viscount

text: Melbourne

text: whose

text: seat

text: was

text: Melbourne

text: Hall

text: in

text: the

text: market

text: town

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: Derbyshire

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: settlement

text: 's

text: general

text: post

text: office

text: officially

text: opened

text: with

text: that

text: name

question: In what year was the first plan for the city commissioned?

answer: 1837

question: On what date did the official general post office open?

answer: 13 April 1837

text: 13 April 1837

question: What was the first plan for the city in 1837 called?

answer: the Hoddle Grid

text: the Hoddle Grid

question: What was the settlement originally named?

answer: Batmania

text: Batmania


text: Since then, tourism in Nepal has thrived; it is the country's most important industry.[citation needed] Tourism is a major source of income for most of the people in the city, with several hundred thousand visitors annually. Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world visit Kathmandu's religious sites such as Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath and Budhanilkantha. From a mere 6,179 tourists in 1961/62, the number jumped to 491,504 in 1999/2000. Following the end of the Maoist insurgency, there was a significant rise of 509,956 tourist arrivals in 2009. Since then, tourism has improved as the country turned into a Democratic Republic. In economic terms, the foreign exchange registered 3.8% of the GDP in 1995/96 but then started declining[why?]. The high level of tourism is attributed to the natural grandeur of the Himalayas and the rich cultural heritage of the country.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Since

text: then

text: tourism

text: in

text: Nepal

text: has

text: thrived

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: industry.[citation

text: needed

text: Tourism

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: income

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: several

text: hundred

text: thousand

text: visitors

text: annually

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Buddhist

text: pilgrims

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: visit

text: Kathmandu

text: 's

text: religious

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: Pashupatinath

text: Swayambhunath

text: Boudhanath

text: and

text: Budhanilkantha

text: From

text: a

text: mere

text: tourists

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: jumped

text: to

text: in

text: Following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Maoist

text: insurgency

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: rise

text: of

text: tourist

text: arrivals

text: in

text: Since

text: then

text: tourism

text: has

text: improved

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: In

text: economic

text: terms

text: the

text: foreign

text: exchange

text: registered

text: of

text: the

text: GDP

text: in

text: but

text: then

text: started

text: declining[why

text: The

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: tourism

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: grandeur

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: the

text: rich

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: of

text: the

text: country

question: What is the most significant industry in Nepal?

answer: tourism

text: tourism

question: Along with Buddhists, what religion's devotees visit Kathmandu?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu

question: How many tourists visited Kathmandu in the period 1961-62?

answer: 6,179

question: What event led to an increase in tourism in 2009?

answer: end of the Maoist insurgency

text: end of the Maoist insurgency

question: What Nepalese mountains are claimed to attract tourists?

answer: Himalayas

text: Himalayas


text: Railway Himachal is famous for its narrow gauge tracks railways, one is UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar. Total length of these two tracks is 259 kilometres (161 mi). Kalka-Shimla Railway track passes through many tunnels, while Pathankot–Jogindernagar gently meanders through a maze of hills and valleys. It also has standard gauge railway track which connect Amb (Una district) to Delhi. A survey is being conducted to extend this railway line to Kangra (via Nadaun). Other proposed railways in the state are Baddi-Bilaspur, Dharamsala-Palampur and Bilaspur-Manali-Leh.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Railway

text: Himachal

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: narrow

text: gauge

text: tracks

text: railways

text: one

text: is

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Kalka

text: Shimla

text: Railway

text: and

text: another

text: one

text: is

text: Pathankot

text: Jogindernagar

text: Total

text: length

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: tracks

text: is

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: Kalka

text: Shimla

text: Railway

text: track

text: passes

text: through

text: many

text: tunnels

text: while

text: Pathankot

text: Jogindernagar

text: gently

text: meanders

text: through

text: a

text: maze

text: of

text: hills

text: and

text: valleys

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: standard

text: gauge

text: railway

text: track

text: which

text: connect

text: Amb

text: Una

text: district

text: to

text: Delhi

text: A

text: survey

text: is

text: being

text: conducted

text: to

text: extend

text: this

text: railway

text: line

text: to

text: Kangra

text: via

text: Nadaun

text: Other

text: proposed

text: railways

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: Baddi

text: Bilaspur

text: Dharamsala

text: Palampur

text: and

text: Bilaspur

text: Manali

text: Leh

question: What is Railway Himachal famous for?

answer: its narrow gauge tracks railways

text: its narrow gauge tracks railways

question: What are the 2 narrow gauge railways in the Railway Himachal?

answer: UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar

text: UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar

question: What are the other railways being proposed in the state?

answer: Baddi-Bilaspur, Dharamsala-Palampur and Bilaspur-Manali-Leh.

text: Baddi-Bilaspur, Dharamsala-Palampur and Bilaspur-Manali-Leh.

question: What is being conducted to extend the railway?

answer: survey

text: survey

question: What is the total length of the railways?

answer: 259 kilometres (161 mi)

text: 259 kilometres (161 mi)


text: Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations. In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from Asia. Northern hardwood forests are especially negatively impacted by invasive worms through the loss of leaf duff, soil fertility, changes in soil chemistry and the loss of ecological diversity. Especially of concern is Amynthas agrestis and at least one state (Wisconsin) has listed it as a prohibited species.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Terrestrial

text: annelids

text: can

text: be

text: invasive

text: in

text: some

text: situations

text: In

text: the

text: glaciated

text: areas

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: for

text: example

text: almost

text: all

text: native

text: earthworms

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: killed

text: by

text: the

text: glaciers

text: and

text: the

text: worms

text: currently

text: found

text: in

text: those

text: areas

text: are

text: all

text: introduced

text: from

text: other

text: areas

text: primarily

text: from

text: Europe

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: from

text: Asia

text: Northern

text: hardwood

text: forests

text: are

text: especially

text: negatively

text: impacted

text: by

text: invasive

text: worms

text: through

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: leaf

text: duff

text: soil

text: fertility

text: changes

text: in

text: soil

text: chemistry

text: and

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: ecological

text: diversity

text: Especially

text: of

text: concern

text: is

text: Amynthas

text: agrestis

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: state

text: Wisconsin

text: has

text: listed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: prohibited

text: species

question: Where were native earthworms killed by glaciers?

answer: glaciated areas of North America

text: glaciated areas of North America

question: Where did most of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What type of forests can be hurt by invasive worms?

answer: Northern hardwood forests

text: Northern hardwood forests


text: The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many to be a golden age of Greek cinema. Directors and actors of this era were recognized as important historical figures in Greece and some gained international acclaim: Irene Papas, Melina Mercouri, Mihalis Kakogiannis, Alekos Sakellarios, Nikos Tsiforos, Iakovos Kambanelis, Katina Paxinou, Nikos Koundouros, Ellie Lambeti, and others. More than sixty films per year were made, with the majority having film noir elements. Notable films were Η κάλπικη λίρα (1955 directed by Giorgos Tzavellas), Πικρό Ψωμί (1951, directed by Grigoris Grigoriou), O Drakos (1956 directed by Nikos Koundouros), Stella (1955 directed by Cacoyannis and written by Kampanellis).

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: and

text: early

text: are

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: golden

text: age

text: of

text: Greek

text: cinema

text: Directors

text: and

text: actors

text: of

text: this

text: era

text: were

text: recognized

text: as

text: important

text: historical

text: figures

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: some

text: gained

text: international

text: acclaim

text: Irene

text: Papas

text: Melina

text: Mercouri

text: Mihalis

text: Kakogiannis

text: Alekos

text: Sakellarios

text: Nikos

text: Tsiforos

text: Iakovos

text: Kambanelis

text: Katina

text: Paxinou

text: Nikos

text: Koundouros

text: Ellie

text: Lambeti

text: and

text: others

text: More

text: than

text: sixty

text: films

text: per

text: year

text: were

text: made

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: having

text: film

text: noir

text: elements

text: Notable

text: films

text: were

text: Η

text: κάλπικη

text: λίρα

text: directed

text: by

text: Giorgos

text: Tzavellas

text: Πικρό

text: Ψωμί

text: directed

text: by

text: Grigoris

text: Grigoriou

text: O

text: Drakos

text: directed

text: by

text: Nikos

text: Koundouros

text: Stella

text: directed

text: by

text: Cacoyannis

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Kampanellis

question: Which time period is considered the golden age of Greek cinema?

answer: 1950s and early 1960s

text: 1950s and early 1960s

question: During the Greek cinema golden age, how many films were made each year?

answer: More than sixty

text: More than sixty

question: Who directed the movie O Drakos in 1956?

answer: Nikos Koundouros

text: Nikos Koundouros

question: Who directed the movie Stella in 1955?

answer: Cacoyannis

text: Cacoyannis

question: Who wrote the movie Stella in 1955?

answer: Kampanellis

text: Kampanellis


text: The most catastrophic earthquakes we know of occurred in 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE, that is every ca. 400 years on average. Destructive earthquakes leading to serious loss of life strike about every 80 years. While stringent construction regulations are currently in place and recently built structures are earthquake-safe, as of 2007[update] the majority of the buildings in Israel were older than these regulations and many public buildings as well as 50,000 residential buildings did not meet the new standards and were "expected to collapse" if exposed to a strong quake. Given the fragile political situation of the Middle East region and the presence there of major holy sites, a quake reaching magnitude 7 on the Richter scale could have dire consequences for world peace.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: most

text: catastrophic

text: earthquakes

text: we

text: know

text: of

text: occurred

text: in

text: BCE

text: and

text: CE

text: that

text: is

text: every

text: ca

text: years

text: on

text: average

text: Destructive

text: earthquakes

text: leading

text: to

text: serious

text: loss

text: of

text: life

text: strike

text: about

text: every

text: years

text: While

text: stringent

text: construction

text: regulations

text: are

text: currently

text: in

text: place

text: and

text: recently

text: built

text: structures

text: are

text: earthquake

text: safe

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: buildings

text: in

text: Israel

text: were

text: older

text: than

text: these

text: regulations

text: and

text: many

text: public

text: buildings

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: residential

text: buildings

text: did

text: not

text: meet

text: the

text: new

text: standards

text: and

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: collapse

text: if

text: exposed

text: to

text: a

text: strong

text: quake

text: Given

text: the

text: fragile

text: political

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: region

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: there

text: of

text: major

text: holy

text: sites

text: a

text: quake

text: reaching

text: magnitude

text: on

text: the

text: Richter

text: scale

text: could

text: have

text: dire

text: consequences

text: for

text: world

text: peace

question: When did the most catastrophic earthquakes occur?

answer: 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE

text: 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE

question: How many residential buildings did not meet construction standards?

answer: 50,000

question: How often do earthquakes that lead to serious loss of life occur?

answer: every 80 years

text: every 80 years


text: Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word "Presbyterian," when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly).

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: Presbyterianism

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Reformed

text: tradition

text: within

text: Protestantism

text: which

text: traces

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: Presbyterian

text: churches

text: derive

text: their

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: presbyterian

text: form

text: of

text: church

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: representative

text: assemblies

text: of

text: elders

text: Many

text: Reformed

text: churches

text: are

text: organized

text: this

text: way

text: but

text: the

text: word

text: Presbyterian

text: when

text: capitalized

text: is

text: often

text: applied

text: uniquely

text: to

text: the

text: churches

text: that

text: trace

text: their

text: roots

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: and

text: English

text: churches

text: that

text: bore

text: that

text: name

text: and

text: English

text: political

text: groups

text: that

text: formed

text: during

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Presbyterian

text: theology

text: typically

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: God

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Scriptures

text: and

text: the

text: necessity

text: of

text: grace

text: through

text: faith

text: in

text: Christ

text: Presbyterian

text: church

text: government

text: was

text: ensured

text: in

text: Scotland

text: by

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: in

text: which

text: created

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: In

text: fact

text: most

text: Presbyterians

text: found

text: in

text: England

text: can

text: trace

text: a

text: Scottish

text: connection

text: and

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: denomination

text: was

text: also

text: taken

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: mostly

text: by

text: Scots

text: and

text: Scots

text: Irish

text: immigrants

text: The

text: Presbyterian

text: denominations

text: in

text: Scotland

text: hold

text: to

text: the

text: theology

text: of

text: John

text: Calvin

text: and

text: his

text: immediate

text: successors

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: theological

text: views

text: within

text: contemporary

text: Presbyterianism

text: Local

text: congregations

text: of

text: churches

text: which

text: use

text: presbyterian

text: polity

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: sessions

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: congregation

text: elders

text: a

text: conciliar

text: approach

text: which

text: is

text: found

text: at

text: other

text: levels

text: of

text: decision

text: making

text: presbytery

text: synod

text: and

text: general

text: assembly

question: Where can you trace back the origins of Presbyterianism back to?

answer: British Isles

text: British Isles

question: What does the Presbyterian church typically emphasize?

answer: sovereignty of God

text: sovereignty of God

question: Which act created the kingdom of Great Britain?

answer: Great Britain

text: Great Britain


text: In the past several decades, Ann Arbor has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. On 4 November 2003, voters approved a greenbelt plan under which the city government bought development rights on agricultural parcels of land adjacent to Ann Arbor to preserve them from sprawling development. Since then, a vociferous local debate has hinged on how and whether to accommodate and guide development within city limits. Ann Arbor consistently ranks in the "top places to live" lists published by various mainstream media outlets every year. In 2008, it was ranked by CNNMoney.com 27th out of 100 "America's best small cities". And in the year 2010, Forbes listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the United States of America.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: several

text: decades

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: has

text: grappled

text: with

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: sharply

text: rising

text: land

text: values

text: gentrification

text: and

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: stretching

text: into

text: outlying

text: countryside

text: On

text: November

text: voters

text: approved

text: a

text: greenbelt

text: plan

text: under

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: government

text: bought

text: development

text: rights

text: on

text: agricultural

text: parcels

text: of

text: land

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: to

text: preserve

text: them

text: from

text: sprawling

text: development

text: Since

text: then

text: a

text: vociferous

text: local

text: debate

text: has

text: hinged

text: on

text: how

text: and

text: whether

text: to

text: accommodate

text: and

text: guide

text: development

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: consistently

text: ranks

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: places

text: to

text: live

text: lists

text: published

text: by

text: various

text: mainstream

text: media

text: outlets

text: every

text: year

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: ranked

text: by

text: CNNMoney.com

text: out

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: best

text: small

text: cities

text: And

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: Forbes

text: listed

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: liveable

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

question: Which magazine listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the USA?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: For the past few years, what effects has the city Ann Arbor grappled with?

answer: sharply rising land values

text: sharply rising land values

question: What plan did the city voters approve in 2003?

answer: greenbelt plan

text: greenbelt plan


text: Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: Elizabeth

text: and

text: Philip

text: were

text: married

text: on

text: November

text: at

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: They

text: received

text: wedding

text: gifts

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Because

text: Britain

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: completely

text: recovered

text: from

text: the

text: devastation

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Elizabeth

text: required

text: ration

text: coupons

text: to

text: buy

text: the

text: material

text: for

text: her

text: gown

text: which

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Norman

text: Hartnell

text: In

text: post

text: war

text: Britain

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: acceptable

text: for

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: 's

text: German

text: relations

text: including

text: his

text: three

text: surviving

text: sisters

text: to

text: be

text: invited

text: to

text: the

text: wedding

text: The

text: Duke

text: of

text: Windsor

text: formerly

text: King

text: Edward

text: VIII

text: was

text: not

text: invited

text: either

question: When were Elizabeth and Philip married?

answer: 20 November 1947

text: 20 November 1947

question: At what famous cathedral was Elizabeth married?

answer: Westminster Abbey

text: Westminster Abbey

question: How many wedding gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive?

answer: 2500

question: Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown?

answer: Norman Hartnell

text: Norman Hartnell

question: What former King was not invited to the wedding?

answer: Duke of Windsor

text: Duke of Windsor


text: Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River (长江流域三大火炉) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime. However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around 15.46 °C (59.8 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 2.4 °C (36.3 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −14.0 °C (7 °F) on 6 January 1955 to 40.7 °C (105 °F) on 22 August 1959. On average precipitation falls 115 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,062 millimetres (42 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in March to 52 percent in August, the city receives 1,983 hours of bright sunshine annually.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: has

text: a

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Cfa

text: and

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Asian

text: monsoon

text: The

text: four

text: seasons

text: are

text: distinct

text: with

text: damp

text: conditions

text: seen

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: very

text: hot

text: and

text: muggy

text: summers

text: cold

text: damp

text: winters

text: and

text: in

text: between

text: spring

text: and

text: autumn

text: are

text: of

text: reasonable

text: length

text: Along

text: with

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: Wuhan

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: traditionally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Furnacelike

text: Cities

text: along

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: 长江流域三大火炉

text: for

text: the

text: perennially

text: high

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: summertime

text: However

text: the

text: time

text: from

text: mid

text: June

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: July

text: is

text: the

text: plum

text: blossom

text: blooming

text: season

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: meiyu

text: rainy

text: season

text: of

text: East

text: Asia

text: literally

text: plum

text: rain

text: occurs

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: experiences

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: mild

text: rain

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: dampness

text: Typhoons

text: are

text: uncommon

text: but

text: possible

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: stages

text: of

text: summer

text: and

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: autumn

text: The

text: annual

text: mean

text: temperature

text: is

text: around

text: C

text: F

text: with

text: the

text: monthly

text: average

text: temperature

text: ranging

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: January

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: July

text: Extremes

text: since

text: have

text: ranged

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: on

text: January

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: on

text: August

text: On

text: average

text: precipitation

text: falls

text: days

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: is

text: millimetres

text: in

text: With

text: monthly

text: percent

text: possible

text: sunshine

text: ranging

text: from

text: percent

text: in

text: March

text: to

text: percent

text: in

text: August

text: the

text: city

text: receives

text: hours

text: of

text: bright

text: sunshine

text: annually

question: What type of climate does Nanjing enjoy?

answer: a humid subtropical climate

text: a humid subtropical climate

question: What monsoon affects Nanjing?

answer: the East Asian monsoon

text: the East Asian monsoon

question: Nanjing is one of three "Furnacelike" cities. What are the other two cities?

answer: Chongqing and Wuhan

text: Chongqing and Wuhan

question: How many days of rain does Nanjing get a year, on average?

answer: 115 days

text: 115 days

question: How many hours of bright sunshine does Nanjing get each year?

answer: 1,983 hours

text: 1,983 hours


text: Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Emotions

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: certain

text: activities

text: in

text: brain

text: areas

text: that

text: direct

text: our

text: attention

text: motivate

text: our

text: behavior

text: and

text: determine

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: going

text: on

text: around

text: us

text: Pioneering

text: work

text: by

text: Broca

text: Papez

text: and

text: MacLean

text: suggested

text: that

text: emotion

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: structures

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: called

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: cingulate

text: cortex

text: hippocampi

text: and

text: other

text: structures

text: More

text: recent

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: limbic

text: structures

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: emotion

text: as

text: others

text: are

text: while

text: some

text: non

text: limbic

text: structures

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: greater

text: emotional

text: relevance

question: When did Broca publish his pioneering work?

answer: 1878

question: Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?

answer: Papez

text: Papez

question: Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?

answer: hypothalamus

text: hypothalamus


text: The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Army, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. Coincidentally, John graduated from West Point on D-Day, June 6, 1944. He married Barbara Jean Thompson on June 10, 1947. John and Barbara had four children: David, Barbara Ann, Susan Elaine and Mary Jean. David, after whom Camp David is named, married Richard Nixon's daughter Julie in 1968. John died on December 21, 2013.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: The

text: Eisenhowers

text: had

text: two

text: sons

text: Doud

text: Dwight

text: Icky

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: born

text: September

text: and

text: died

text: of

text: scarlet

text: fever

text: on

text: January

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: three

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: mostly

text: reticent

text: to

text: discuss

text: his

text: death

text: Their

text: second

text: son

text: John

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Denver

text: Colorado

text: John

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: retired

text: as

text: a

text: brigadier

text: general

text: became

text: an

text: author

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: U.S.

text: Ambassador

text: to

text: Belgium

text: from

text: to

text: Coincidentally

text: John

text: graduated

text: from

text: West

text: Point

text: on

text: D

text: Day

text: June

text: He

text: married

text: Barbara

text: Jean

text: Thompson

text: on

text: June

text: John

text: and

text: Barbara

text: had

text: four

text: children

text: David

text: Barbara

text: Ann

text: Susan

text: Elaine

text: and

text: Mary

text: Jean

text: David

text: after

text: whom

text: Camp

text: David

text: is

text: named

text: married

text: Richard

text: Nixon

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Julie

text: in

text: John

text: died

text: on

text: December

question: What was Doud Eisenhower's nickname?

answer: Icky

text: Icky

question: What killed Icky Eisenhower?

answer: scarlet fever

text: scarlet fever

question: In what city was John Eisenhower born?

answer: Denver

text: Denver

question: What was John Eisenhower's final rank in the military?

answer: brigadier general

text: brigadier general

question: David Eisenhower married the child of what US President?

answer: Nixon

text: Nixon


text: The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Swaziland

text: Southern

text: African

text: Nazarene

text: University

text: Swaziland

text: Christian

text: University

text: are

text: the

text: institutions

text: that

text: offer

text: university

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: A

text: campus

text: of

text: Limkokwing

text: University

text: of

text: Creative

text: Technology

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: at

text: Sidvwashini

text: a

text: suburb

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: Mbabane

text: There

text: are

text: some

text: teaching

text: and

text: nursing

text: assistant

text: colleges

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: Ngwane

text: Teacher

text: 's

text: College

text: and

text: William

text: Pitcher

text: College

text: are

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: teaching

text: colleges

text: The

text: Good

text: Shepherd

text: Hospital

text: in

text: Siteki

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: College

text: for

text: Nursing

text: Assistants

question: The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University?

answer: Swaziland Christian University

text: Swaziland Christian University

question: Where can one find the Limkoking University of Creative Technology?

answer: Sidvwashini

text: Sidvwashini

question: What is the capital of Swaziland?

answer: Mbabane

text: Mbabane

question: Where in Swaziland is The Good shepherd Hospital?

answer: Siteki

text: Siteki

question: What nursing school does The Good Shepherd Hospital contain?

answer: College for Nursing Assistants

text: College for Nursing Assistants


text: The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: The

text: northeastern

text: Puntland

text: region

text: has

text: around

text: six

text: private

text: radio

text: stations

text: including

text: Radio

text: Garowe

text: Radio

text: Daljir

text: Radio

text: Codka

text: Nabbada

text: and

text: Radio

text: Codka

text: Mudug

text: Radio

text: Gaalkacyo

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Radio

text: Free

text: Somalia

text: operates

text: from

text: Galkayo

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: Mudug

text: province

text: Additionally

text: the

text: Somaliland

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: has

text: one

text: government

text: operated

text: radio

text: station

question: About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?

answer: six

text: six

question: What is the former name of Radio Gaalkacyo?

answer: Radio Free Somalia

text: Radio Free Somalia

question: Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?

answer: Galkayo

text: Galkayo

question: What province is Galkayo located in?

answer: Mudug province

text: Mudug province

question: How many government operated radio stations exist in the Somaliland region?

answer: one

text: one


text: In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "execution score" was the only score. It was and still is out of 10.00. During the gymnast's performance, the judges deduct this score only. A fall, on or off the event, is a 1.00 deduction, in elite level gymnastics. The introduction of the difficulty score is a significant change. The gymnast's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills, or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another. Connection bonuses are the most common deduction from a difficulty score, as it can be difficult to connect multiple flight elements. It is very hard to connect skills if the first skill is not performed correctly. The new code of points allows the gymnasts to gain higher scores based on the difficulty of the skills they perform as well as their execution. There is no maximum score for difficulty, as it can keep increasing as the difficulty of the skills increase.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: In

text: FIG

text: introduced

text: a

text: new

text: points

text: system

text: for

text: Artistic

text: gymnastics

text: in

text: which

text: scores

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: limited

text: to

text: points

text: The

text: system

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: for

text: elite

text: level

text: competition

text: Unlike

text: the

text: old

text: code

text: of

text: points

text: there

text: are

text: two

text: separate

text: scores

text: an

text: execution

text: score

text: and

text: a

text: difficulty

text: score

text: In

text: the

text: previous

text: system

text: the

text: execution

text: score

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: score

text: It

text: was

text: and

text: still

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: During

text: the

text: gymnast

text: 's

text: performance

text: the

text: judges

text: deduct

text: this

text: score

text: only

text: A

text: fall

text: on

text: or

text: off

text: the

text: event

text: is

text: a

text: deduction

text: in

text: elite

text: level

text: gymnastics

text: The

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: difficulty

text: score

text: is

text: a

text: significant

text: change

text: The

text: gymnast

text: 's

text: difficulty

text: score

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: what

text: elements

text: they

text: perform

text: and

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: change

text: if

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: perform

text: or

text: complete

text: all

text: the

text: skills

text: or

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: connect

text: a

text: skill

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: connected

text: to

text: another

text: Connection

text: bonuses

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: deduction

text: from

text: a

text: difficulty

text: score

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: connect

text: multiple

text: flight

text: elements

text: It

text: is

text: very

text: hard

text: to

text: connect

text: skills

text: if

text: the

text: first

text: skill

text: is

text: not

text: performed

text: correctly

text: The

text: new

text: code

text: of

text: points

text: allows

text: the

text: gymnasts

text: to

text: gain

text: higher

text: scores

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: skills

text: they

text: perform

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: execution

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: maximum

text: score

text: for

text: difficulty

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: keep

text: increasing

text: as

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: skills

text: increase

question: When did FIG decide that scores are no longer limited to 10 points?

answer: 2006

question: What are the two different scores?

answer: an execution score and a difficulty score

text: an execution score and a difficulty score

question: What score was added?

answer: difficulty score

text: difficulty score

question: How much is a fall deduction?

answer: 1.00 deduction

text: 1.00 deduction

question: What is a gymnast's difficulty score based on?

answer: what elements they perform

text: what elements they perform


text: The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate House, Warre House, Villiers House, Common Lane House, Penn House, Walpole House, Cotton Hall, Wotton House, Holland House, Mustians, Angelo's, Manor House, Farrer House, Baldwin's Bec, The Timbralls, and Westbury.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: The

text: Oppidan

text: Houses

text: are

text: named

text: Godolphin

text: House

text: Jourdelay

text: 's

text: both

text: built

text: as

text: such

text: c.

text: Hawtrey

text: House

text: Durnford

text: House

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: built

text: as

text: such

text: by

text: the

text: Provost

text: and

text: Fellows

text: when

text: the

text: school

text: was

text: increasing

text: in

text: numbers

text: and

text: needed

text: more

text: centralised

text: control

text: The

text: Hopgarden

text: South

text: Lawn

text: Waynflete

text: Evans

text: 's

text: Keate

text: House

text: Warre

text: House

text: Villiers

text: House

text: Common

text: Lane

text: House

text: Penn

text: House

text: Walpole

text: House

text: Cotton

text: Hall

text: Wotton

text: House

text: Holland

text: House

text: Mustians

text: Angelo

text: 's

text: Manor

text: House

text: Farrer

text: House

text: Baldwin

text: 's

text: Bec

text: The

text: Timbralls

text: and

text: Westbury

question: Which Oppidan Houses did not change from their original 1720 names?

answer: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

text: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

question: Which two houses were built as student population increased 1845?

answer: Hawtrey House, Durnford House

text: Hawtrey House, Durnford House

question: Which two Oppidan Houses are the oldest?

answer: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

text: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's


text: Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707). The nineteenth century saw such innovations as the Shanghai School and the Lingnan School which used the technical skills of tradition to set the stage for modern painting.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Yet

text: the

text: most

text: impressive

text: aesthetic

text: works

text: were

text: done

text: among

text: the

text: scholars

text: and

text: urban

text: elite

text: Calligraphy

text: and

text: painting

text: remained

text: a

text: central

text: interest

text: to

text: both

text: court

text: painters

text: and

text: scholar

text: gentry

text: who

text: considered

text: the

text: Four

text: Arts

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: cultural

text: identity

text: and

text: social

text: standing

text: The

text: painting

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: included

text: such

text: painters

text: as

text: the

text: orthodox

text: Four

text: Wangs

text: and

text: the

text: individualists

text: Bada

text: Shanren

text: and

text: Shitao

text: The

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: saw

text: such

text: innovations

text: as

text: the

text: Shanghai

text: School

text: and

text: the

text: Lingnan

text: School

text: which

text: used

text: the

text: technical

text: skills

text: of

text: tradition

text: to

text: set

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: modern

text: painting

question: Name three painters?

answer: Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707)

text: Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707)

question: What two schools of art were created in the 19th century?

answer: Shanghai School and the Lingnan School

text: Shanghai School and the Lingnan School

question: Name two arts of the Four Arts?

answer: Calligraphy and painting

text: Calligraphy and painting


text: Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential". Others, however, thought that "the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed". It was also described as a "sadistic musical bake-off", and "a romp in humiliation". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations – Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is "a conniving multimedia monster" that has "absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that "The terrorists have won" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who "gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome)."

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Early

text: reviews

text: were

text: mixed

text: in

text: their

text: assessment

text: Ken

text: Tucker

text: of

text: Entertainment

text: Weekly

text: considered

text: that

text: As

text: TV

text: American

text: Idol

text: is

text: crazily

text: entertaining

text: as

text: music

text: it

text: 's

text: dust

text: mote

text: inconsequential

text: Others

text: however

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: striking

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: was

text: the

text: genuine

text: talent

text: it

text: revealed

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: sadistic

text: musical

text: bake

text: off

text: and

text: a

text: romp

text: in

text: humiliation

text: Other

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: have

text: attracted

text: criticisms

text: The

text: product

text: placement

text: in

text: the

text: show

text: in

text: particular

text: was

text: noted

text: and

text: some

text: critics

text: were

text: harsh

text: about

text: what

text: they

text: perceived

text: as

text: its

text: blatant

text: commercial

text: calculations

text: Karla

text: Peterson

text: of

text: The

text: San

text: Diego

text: Union

text: Tribune

text: charged

text: that

text: American

text: Idol

text: is

text: a

text: conniving

text: multimedia

text: monster

text: that

text: has

text: absorbed

text: the

text: sin

text: of

text: our

text: debauched

text: culture

text: and

text: spit

text: them

text: out

text: in

text: a

text: lump

text: of

text: reconstituted

text: evil

text: The

text: decision

text: to

text: send

text: the

text: season

text: one

text: winner

text: to

text: sing

text: the

text: national

text: anthem

text: at

text: the

text: Lincoln

text: Memorial

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: in

text: was

text: also

text: poorly

text: received

text: by

text: many

text: Lisa

text: de

text: Moraes

text: of

text: The

text: Washington

text: Post

text: noted

text: sarcastically

text: that

text: The

text: terrorists

text: have

text: won

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: sideswipe

text: at

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: commercialism

text: and

text: voting

text: process

text: that

text: the

text: decision

text: as

text: to

text: who

text: gets

text: to

text: turn

text: this

text: important

text: site

text: into

text: just

text: another

text: cog

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: American

text: Idol

text: Marketing

text: Mandala

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: millions

text: of

text: girls

text: who

text: have

text: made

text: American

text: Idol

text: a

text: hit

text: Them

text: and

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: phone

text: redialer

text: geeks

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: clocking

text: up

text: to

text: calls

text: each

text: week

text: for

text: their

text: contestant

text: of

text: choice

text: but

text: who

text: according

text: to

text: Fox

text: are

text: in

text: absolutely

text: no

text: way

text: skewing

text: the

text: outcome

question: What publication does Ken Tucker work for?

answer: Entertainment Weekly

text: Entertainment Weekly

question: What did American Idols first winner sing at the Lincoln Memorial in 2002?

answer: the national anthem

text: the national anthem

question: Which journalist felt Idol produced entertaining TV more than entertaining music?

answer: Ken Tucker

text: Ken Tucker

question: Which publication did Tucker work for?

answer: Entertainment Weekly

text: Entertainment Weekly

question: Who called American Idol a conniving multimedia monster?

answer: Karla Peterson

text: Karla Peterson

question: Where did the season one winner sing the national anthem that received huge criticism?

answer: Lincoln Memorial

text: Lincoln Memorial


text: Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: in

text: the

text: strict

text: sense

text: is

text: yielded

text: by

text: trees

text: which

text: increase

text: in

text: diameter

text: by

text: the

text: formation

text: between

text: the

text: existing

text: wood

text: and

text: the

text: inner

text: bark

text: of

text: new

text: woody

text: layers

text: which

text: envelop

text: the

text: entire

text: stem

text: living

text: branches

text: and

text: roots

text: This

text: process

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: secondary

text: growth

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: cell

text: division

text: in

text: the

text: vascular

text: cambium

text: a

text: lateral

text: meristem

text: and

text: subsequent

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: cells

text: Where

text: there

text: are

text: clear

text: seasons

text: growth

text: can

text: occur

text: in

text: a

text: discrete

text: annual

text: or

text: seasonal

text: pattern

text: leading

text: to

text: growth

text: rings

text: these

text: can

text: usually

text: be

text: most

text: clearly

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: log

text: but

text: are

text: also

text: visible

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: surfaces

text: If

text: these

text: seasons

text: are

text: annual

text: these

text: growth

text: rings

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: annual

text: rings

text: Where

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: seasonal

text: difference

text: growth

text: rings

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: indistinct

text: or

text: absent

question: Where does wood come from?

answer: trees

text: trees

question: What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?

answer: woody layers

text: woody layers

question: What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?

answer: secondary growth

text: secondary growth

question: What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?

answer: seasons

text: seasons

question: If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?

answer: annual rings

text: annual rings


text: In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues and to review a recent report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) that had uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities. The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as many of the committee members refused to accept the report and instead rebuked OFHEO for their attempt at regulation. Some believe this was an early warning to the systemic risk that the growing market in subprime mortgages posed to the U.S. financial system that went unheeded.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: the

text: Bush

text: administration

text: called

text: numerous

text: times

text: for

text: investigation

text: into

text: the

text: safety

text: and

text: soundness

text: of

text: the

text: GSEs

text: and

text: their

text: swelling

text: portfolio

text: of

text: subprime

text: mortgages

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: House

text: Financial

text: Services

text: Committee

text: held

text: a

text: hearing

text: at

text: the

text: urging

text: of

text: the

text: administration

text: to

text: assess

text: safety

text: and

text: soundness

text: issues

text: and

text: to

text: review

text: a

text: recent

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Federal

text: Housing

text: Enterprise

text: Oversight

text: OFHEO

text: that

text: had

text: uncovered

text: accounting

text: discrepancies

text: within

text: the

text: two

text: entities

text: The

text: hearings

text: never

text: resulted

text: in

text: new

text: legislation

text: or

text: formal

text: investigation

text: of

text: Fannie

text: Mae

text: and

text: Freddie

text: Mac

text: as

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: committee

text: members

text: refused

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: report

text: and

text: instead

text: rebuked

text: OFHEO

text: for

text: their

text: attempt

text: at

text: regulation

text: Some

text: believe

text: this

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: warning

text: to

text: the

text: systemic

text: risk

text: that

text: the

text: growing

text: market

text: in

text: subprime

text: mortgages

text: posed

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: financial

text: system

text: that

text: went

text: unheeded

question: Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)

text: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)

question: Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?

answer: Bush administration

text: Bush administration

question: On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: September 10, 2003

text: September 10, 2003

question: What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation

text: The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation

question: Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: House Financial Services Committee

text: House Financial Services Committee


text: In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms. Cardinals had the right to display the galero in their cathedral, and when a cardinal died, it would be suspended from the ceiling above his tomb. Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel.[citation needed]

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: In

text: previous

text: times

text: at

text: the

text: consistory

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: pope

text: named

text: a

text: new

text: cardinal

text: he

text: would

text: bestow

text: upon

text: him

text: a

text: distinctive

text: wide

text: brimmed

text: hat

text: called

text: a

text: galero

text: This

text: custom

text: was

text: discontinued

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: investiture

text: now

text: takes

text: place

text: with

text: the

text: scarlet

text: biretta

text: In

text: ecclesiastical

text: heraldry

text: however

text: the

text: scarlet

text: galero

text: is

text: still

text: displayed

text: on

text: the

text: cardinal

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: Cardinals

text: had

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: display

text: the

text: galero

text: in

text: their

text: cathedral

text: and

text: when

text: a

text: cardinal

text: died

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: suspended

text: from

text: the

text: ceiling

text: above

text: his

text: tomb

text: Some

text: cardinals

text: will

text: still

text: have

text: a

text: galero

text: made

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: officially

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: apparel.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new Cardinal?

answer: a galero.

text: a galero.

question: In what year did the practice of donning this item stop?

answer: 1969

question: What does the pope now wear when naming a new Cardinal?

answer: scarlet biretta

text: scarlet biretta


text: The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Charleston

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: Charleston

text: International

text: Airport

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: North

text: Charleston

text: and

text: is

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: downtown

text: Charleston

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: busiest

text: passenger

text: airport

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: IATA

text: CHS

text: ICAO

text: KCHS

text: The

text: airport

text: shares

text: runways

text: with

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Charleston

text: Air

text: Force

text: Base

text: Charleston

text: Executive

text: Airport

text: is

text: a

text: smaller

text: airport

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: John

text: 's

text: Island

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Charleston

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: noncommercial

text: aircraft

text: Both

text: airports

text: are

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Charleston

text: County

text: Aviation

text: Authority

question: What airport provides service to the City to Charleston?

answer: Charleston International Airport

text: Charleston International Airport

question: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city?

answer: North Charleston

text: North Charleston

question: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston?

answer: 12 miles (20 km)

text: 12 miles (20 km)

question: Charleston Executive Airport is located where?

answer: the John's Island section of the city of Charleston

text: the John's Island section of the city of Charleston

question: What military base is located near the airport?

answer: Charleston Air Force Base

text: Charleston Air Force Base


text: Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: disease

text: and

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: have

text: since

text: been

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: discussion

text: His

text: death

text: certificate

text: gave

text: the

text: cause

text: as

text: tuberculosis

text: and

text: his

text: physician

text: Jean

text: Cruveilhier

text: was

text: then

text: the

text: leading

text: French

text: authority

text: on

text: this

text: disease

text: Other

text: possibilities

text: have

text: been

text: advanced

text: including

text: cystic

text: fibrosis

text: cirrhosis

text: and

text: alpha

text: deficiency

text: However

text: the

text: attribution

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: as

text: principal

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: disproved

text: Permission

text: for

text: DNA

text: testing

text: which

text: could

text: put

text: the

text: matter

text: to

text: rest

text: has

text: been

text: denied

text: by

text: the

text: Polish

text: government

question: What is listed as Chopin's official cause of death?

answer: tuberculosis

text: tuberculosis

question: What was the name of Chopin's doctor?

answer: Jean Cruveilhier

text: Jean Cruveilhier

question: What has the Polish government not allowed to find true cause of death?

answer: DNA testing

text: DNA testing

question: What was the cause of death on Chopin's death certificate?

answer: tuberculosis

text: tuberculosis

question: Who was Chopin's physician?

answer: Jean Cruveilhier

text: Jean Cruveilhier

question: Other possiblities for Chopin's death include cirrhosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and what?

answer: cystic fibrosis

text: cystic fibrosis

question: Who has denied testing Chopin's DNA to determine the actual cause of death?

answer: the Polish government.

text: the Polish government.


text: Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and replaced with cupronickel. However, since 1992, the U.S. Mint has produced special Silver Proof Sets in addition to the regular yearly proof sets with silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars in place of the standard copper-nickel versions. In addition, an experimental $4.00 (Stella) coin was also minted in 1879, but never placed into circulation, and is properly considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: Technically

text: all

text: these

text: coins

text: are

text: still

text: legal

text: tender

text: at

text: face

text: value

text: though

text: some

text: are

text: far

text: more

text: valuable

text: today

text: for

text: their

text: numismatic

text: value

text: and

text: for

text: gold

text: and

text: silver

text: coins

text: their

text: precious

text: metal

text: value

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: half

text: dollar

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: circulating

text: coin

text: with

text: any

text: silver

text: content

text: which

text: was

text: removed

text: in

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: cupronickel

text: However

text: since

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Mint

text: has

text: produced

text: special

text: Silver

text: Proof

text: Sets

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: regular

text: yearly

text: proof

text: sets

text: with

text: silver

text: dimes

text: quarters

text: and

text: half

text: dollars

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: copper

text: nickel

text: versions

text: In

text: addition

text: an

text: experimental

text: Stella

text: coin

text: was

text: also

text: minted

text: in

text: but

text: never

text: placed

text: into

text: circulation

text: and

text: is

text: properly

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: pattern

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: actual

text: coin

text: denomination

question: What are gold and silver coins valuable for now adays?

answer: their precious metal value

text: their precious metal value

question: What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for?

answer: their numismatic value

text: their numismatic value

question: What was the only coin with any silver content in circulation from 1965 to 1970?

answer: Kennedy half dollar

text: Kennedy half dollar

question: What was the Kennedy half dollar replaced with?

answer: cupronickel

text: cupronickel

question: How much was the experimental Stella coin valued at?

answer: $4.00


text: The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the top volleyball leagues in Europe and the Greek clubs have made significant success in European competitions. Olympiacos is the most successful volleyball club in the country having won the most domestic titles and being the only Greek club to have won European titles; they have won two CEV Cups, they have been CEV Champions League runners-up twice and they have played in as many as 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe. Iraklis have also seen significant success in European competitions, having been three times runners-up of the CEV Champions League.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: men

text: 's

text: national

text: volleyball

text: team

text: has

text: won

text: two

text: bronze

text: medals

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Volleyball

text: Championship

text: and

text: another

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Volleyball

text: League

text: a

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: and

text: a

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: FIVB

text: Volleyball

text: Men

text: 's

text: World

text: Championship

text: The

text: Greek

text: league

text: the

text: Ethniki

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: volleyball

text: leagues

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: clubs

text: have

text: made

text: significant

text: success

text: in

text: European

text: competitions

text: Olympiacos

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: volleyball

text: club

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: having

text: won

text: the

text: most

text: domestic

text: titles

text: and

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: Greek

text: club

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: European

text: titles

text: they

text: have

text: won

text: two

text: CEV

text: Cups

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: CEV

text: Champions

text: League

text: runners

text: up

text: twice

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: played

text: in

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: Final

text: Fours

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: competitions

text: making

text: them

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: traditional

text: volleyball

text: clubs

text: in

text: Europe

text: Iraklis

text: have

text: also

text: seen

text: significant

text: success

text: in

text: European

text: competitions

text: having

text: been

text: three

text: times

text: runners

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: CEV

text: Champions

text: League

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team has won how many bronze medals?

answer: two

text: two

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team came in what place in the Olympic games?

answer: 5th

question: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country?

answer: Olympiacos

text: Olympiacos

question: Who is the only Greek volleyball club to win European titles?

answer: Olympiacos

text: Olympiacos


text: Phosphor-based LED efficiency losses are due to the heat loss from the Stokes shift and also other phosphor-related degradation issues. Their luminous efficacies compared to normal LEDs depend on the spectral distribution of the resultant light output and the original wavelength of the LED itself. For example, the luminous efficacy of a typical YAG yellow phosphor based white LED ranges from 3 to 5 times the luminous efficacy of the original blue LED because of the human eye's greater sensitivity to yellow than to blue (as modeled in the luminosity function). Due to the simplicity of manufacturing the phosphor method is still the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs. The design and production of a light source or light fixture using a monochrome emitter with phosphor conversion is simpler and cheaper than a complex RGB system, and the majority of high-intensity white LEDs presently on the market are manufactured using phosphor light conversion.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Phosphor

text: based

text: LED

text: efficiency

text: losses

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: heat

text: loss

text: from

text: the

text: Stokes

text: shift

text: and

text: also

text: other

text: phosphor

text: related

text: degradation

text: issues

text: Their

text: luminous

text: efficacies

text: compared

text: to

text: normal

text: LEDs

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: spectral

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: resultant

text: light

text: output

text: and

text: the

text: original

text: wavelength

text: of

text: the

text: LED

text: itself

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: of

text: a

text: typical

text: YAG

text: yellow

text: phosphor

text: based

text: white

text: LED

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: times

text: the

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: blue

text: LED

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: 's

text: greater

text: sensitivity

text: to

text: yellow

text: than

text: to

text: blue

text: as

text: modeled

text: in

text: the

text: luminosity

text: function

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: simplicity

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: the

text: phosphor

text: method

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: method

text: for

text: making

text: high

text: intensity

text: white

text: LEDs

text: The

text: design

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: a

text: light

text: source

text: or

text: light

text: fixture

text: using

text: a

text: monochrome

text: emitter

text: with

text: phosphor

text: conversion

text: is

text: simpler

text: and

text: cheaper

text: than

text: a

text: complex

text: RGB

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: high

text: intensity

text: white

text: LEDs

text: presently

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: are

text: manufactured

text: using

text: phosphor

text: light

text: conversion

question: What do phosphor-based LEDs luminous efficacies depend on?

answer: the spectral distribution of the resultant light output

text: the spectral distribution of the resultant light output

question: What is the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs?

answer: phosphor method

text: phosphor method

question: Why is efficiency sometimes lost in phosphor-based LEDs?

answer: heat loss from the Stokes shift

text: heat loss from the Stokes shift

question: What are some of the luminous efficacies of yellow phosphor based white LED compared to blue?

answer: 3 to 5 times the luminous efficacy

text: 3 to 5 times the luminous efficacy

question: What type of emitter is used in phosphor-based white LED methods?

answer: monochrome

text: monochrome


text: The CIPA DC-004 standard requires that Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras use either the REI or SOS techniques, and DC-008 updates the Exif specification to differentiate between these values. Consequently, the three EI techniques carried over from ISO 12232:1998 are not widely used in recent camera models (approximately 2007 and later). As those earlier techniques did not allow for measurement from images produced with lossy compression, they cannot be used at all on cameras that produce images only in JPEG format.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: CIPA

text: standard

text: requires

text: that

text: Japanese

text: manufacturers

text: of

text: digital

text: still

text: cameras

text: use

text: either

text: the

text: REI

text: or

text: SOS

text: techniques

text: and

text: updates

text: the

text: Exif

text: specification

text: to

text: differentiate

text: between

text: these

text: values

text: Consequently

text: the

text: three

text: EI

text: techniques

text: carried

text: over

text: from

text: ISO

text: are

text: not

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: recent

text: camera

text: models

text: approximately

text: and

text: later

text: As

text: those

text: earlier

text: techniques

text: did

text: not

text: allow

text: for

text: measurement

text: from

text: images

text: produced

text: with

text: lossy

text: compression

text: they

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: at

text: all

text: on

text: cameras

text: that

text: produce

text: images

text: only

text: in

text: JPEG

text: format

question: Which methods are required by CIPA DC-004?

answer: REI or SOS techniques

text: REI or SOS techniques

question: In what year did the three EI techniques from ISO 12232:1998 largely stop being used?

answer: approximately 2007 and later

text: approximately 2007 and later

question: With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used?

answer: cameras that produce images only in JPEG format

text: cameras that produce images only in JPEG format

question: What nation's cameras does the CIPA DC-004 apply to?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: What does the DC-008 change?

answer: the Exif specification

text: the Exif specification


text: Asthma as a result of (or worsened by) workplace exposures, is a commonly reported occupational disease. Many cases however are not reported or recognized as such. It is estimated that 5–25% of asthma cases in adults are work–related. A few hundred different agents have been implicated with the most common being: isocyanates, grain and wood dust, colophony, soldering flux, latex, animals, and aldehydes. The employment associated with the highest risk of problems include: those who spray paint, bakers and those who process food, nurses, chemical workers, those who work with animals, welders, hairdressers and timber workers.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Asthma

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: or

text: worsened

text: by

text: workplace

text: exposures

text: is

text: a

text: commonly

text: reported

text: occupational

text: disease

text: Many

text: cases

text: however

text: are

text: not

text: reported

text: or

text: recognized

text: as

text: such

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: of

text: asthma

text: cases

text: in

text: adults

text: are

text: work

text: related

text: A

text: few

text: hundred

text: different

text: agents

text: have

text: been

text: implicated

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: being

text: isocyanates

text: grain

text: and

text: wood

text: dust

text: colophony

text: soldering

text: flux

text: latex

text: animals

text: and

text: aldehydes

text: The

text: employment

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: risk

text: of

text: problems

text: include

text: those

text: who

text: spray

text: paint

text: bakers

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: process

text: food

text: nurses

text: chemical

text: workers

text: those

text: who

text: work

text: with

text: animals

text: welders

text: hairdressers

text: and

text: timber

text: workers

question: Asthma that is the result of or made worse by workplace exposure is reported as what?

answer: occupational disease

text: occupational disease

question: What percent of asthma cases in adults are work-related?

answer: It is estimated that 5–25%

text: It is estimated that 5–25%

question: What are some of the most common agents?

answer: isocyanates, grain and wood dust, colophony, soldering flux, latex, animals, and aldehydes

text: isocyanates, grain and wood dust, colophony, soldering flux, latex, animals, and aldehydes

question: What professions normally have the highest risk of problems?

answer: those who spray paint, bakers and those who process food, nurses, chemical workers, those who work with animals, welders, hairdressers and timber workers

text: those who spray paint, bakers and those who process food, nurses, chemical workers, those who work with animals, welders, hairdressers and timber workers


text: The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century, when traders and settlers arrived, principally from Germany and Sweden. In the late 19th century Dorsland trekkers crossed the area on their way from the Transvaal to Angola. Some of them settled in Namibia instead of continuing their journey.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: The

text: first

text: Europeans

text: to

text: disembark

text: and

text: explore

text: the

text: region

text: were

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: navigators

text: Diogo

text: Cão

text: in

text: and

text: Bartolomeu

text: Dias

text: in

text: still

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: not

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: crown

text: However

text: like

text: most

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: Namibia

text: was

text: not

text: extensively

text: explored

text: by

text: Europeans

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: traders

text: and

text: settlers

text: arrived

text: principally

text: from

text: Germany

text: and

text: Sweden

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Dorsland

text: trekkers

text: crossed

text: the

text: area

text: on

text: their

text: way

text: from

text: the

text: Transvaal

text: to

text: Angola

text: Some

text: of

text: them

text: settled

text: in

text: Namibia

text: instead

text: of

text: continuing

text: their

text: journey

question: What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: When did Bartolomeu Dias explore Namibia?

answer: 1486

question: When did Diogo Cao explore Namibia?

answer: 1485

question: Settlers on their way to Angola settled in Namibia instead of going where?

answer: Angola

text: Angola

question: Along with Swedish settlers, what other country's settlers inhabited in Namibia first?

answer: Germany

text: Germany


text: Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: Sanskrit

text: /ˈsænskrɪt/

text: Sanskrit

text: saṃskṛtam

text: səmskr̩t̪əm

text: or

text: saṃskṛta

text: originally

text: saṃskṛtā

text: vāk

text: refined

text: speech

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: sacred

text: language

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: a

text: philosophical

text: language

text: in

text: Buddhism

text: Hinduism

text: Sikhism

text: and

text: Jainism

text: and

text: a

text: literary

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: lingua

text: franca

text: in

text: Greater

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: standardised

text: dialect

text: of

text: Old

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: originating

text: as

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: tracing

text: its

text: linguistic

text: ancestry

text: back

text: to

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: and

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: listed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Uttarakhand

text: As

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: for

text: which

text: substantial

text: written

text: documentation

text: exists

text: Sanskrit

text: holds

text: a

text: prominent

text: position

text: in

text: Indo

text: European

text: studies

question: Sanskrit is the primary sacred language of which religion?

answer: Hinduism

text: Hinduism

question: How many scheduled languages are there in present-day India?

answer: 22

question: Which Indian state has Sanskrit as its official language?

answer: Uttarakhand

text: Uttarakhand

question: Sanskrit is used as a pkilsosophical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and which other religion?

answer: Sikhism

text: Sikhism

question: Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of which language?

answer: Old Indo-Aryan

text: Old Indo-Aryan

question: What language is the sacred language of Hinduism?

answer: Sanskrit

text: Sanskrit

question: Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used?

answer: lingua franca

text: lingua franca

question: Where is Sanskrit usually found?

answer: India

text: India

question: From what is Sanskrit an adaption?

answer: Old Indo-Aryan

text: Old Indo-Aryan

question: From what language did Sanskrit originate?

answer: Vedic Sanskrit

text: Vedic Sanskrit


text: In the 2000 Census Oklahoma City's age composition was 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: In

text: the

text: Census

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: age

text: composition

text: was

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: who

text: were

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: median

text: age

text: was

text: years

text: For

text: every

text: females

text: there

text: were

text: males

text: For

text: every

text: females

text: age

text: and

text: over

text: there

text: were

text: males

question: What was Oklahoma cities median age in 2000?

answer: 34

question: Which gender was prominent in that time?

answer: females

text: females


text: The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Nri

text: of

text: the

text: Igbo

text: people

text: consolidated

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: continued

text: until

text: it

text: lost

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: in

text: Nri

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Eze

text: Nri

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Nri

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: Igbo

text: culture

text: Nri

text: and

text: Aguleri

text: where

text: the

text: Igbo

text: creation

text: myth

text: originates

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Umeuri

text: clan

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: clan

text: trace

text: their

text: lineages

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: patriarchal

text: king

text: figure

text: Eri

text: In

text: West

text: Africa

text: the

text: oldest

text: bronzes

text: made

text: using

text: the

text: lost

text: wax

text: process

text: were

text: from

text: Igbo

text: Ukwu

text: a

text: city

text: under

text: Nri

text: influence

question: Which tribe ran the city of Nri?

answer: Igbo

text: Igbo

question: When was Nri taken over by the British?

answer: 1911

question: Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?

answer: lost-wax

text: lost-wax

question: Who ruled Nri?

answer: the Eze Nri

text: the Eze Nri

question: Which clan is Nri in the territory of?

answer: Umeuri

text: Umeuri


text: What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders; by the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, fighting broke out between various factions in December 2012, leading to ethnic and religious cleansing of the Muslim minority and massive population displacement in 2013 and 2014.

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: What

text: is

text: today

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: has

text: been

text: inhabited

text: for

text: millennia

text: however

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: current

text: borders

text: were

text: established

text: by

text: France

text: which

text: ruled

text: the

text: country

text: as

text: a

text: colony

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: After

text: gaining

text: independence

text: from

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: autocratic

text: leaders

text: by

text: the

text: calls

text: for

text: democracy

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: multi

text: party

text: democratic

text: elections

text: in

text: Ange

text: Félix

text: Patassé

text: became

text: president

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: removed

text: by

text: General

text: François

text: Bozizé

text: in

text: the

text: coup

text: The

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: Bush

text: War

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: despite

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: in

text: and

text: another

text: in

text: fighting

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: various

text: factions

text: in

text: December

text: leading

text: to

text: ethnic

text: and

text: religious

text: cleansing

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: minority

text: and

text: massive

text: population

text: displacement

text: in

text: and

question: Who established CAR's borders?

answer: France

text: France

question: What country ruled CAR as a colony?

answer: France

text: France

question: When did CAR become independent?

answer: in 1960

text: in 1960

question: Who was the first democratically elected President?

answer: Ange-Félix Patassé

text: Ange-Félix Patassé

question: What religion is a minority in CAR?

answer: Muslim minority

text: Muslim minority


text: Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC. These structures (and their later counterparts such as causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge) required considerable time and labour to construct, which suggests that some influential individuals were able to organise and direct human labour — though non-hierarchical and voluntary work remain possibilities.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Families

text: and

text: households

text: were

text: still

text: largely

text: independent

text: economically

text: and

text: the

text: household

text: was

text: probably

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: life

text: However

text: excavations

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: have

text: revealed

text: that

text: early

text: Neolithic

text: Linear

text: Ceramic

text: cultures

text: Linearbandkeramik

text: were

text: building

text: large

text: arrangements

text: of

text: circular

text: ditches

text: between

text: BC

text: and

text: BC

text: These

text: structures

text: and

text: their

text: later

text: counterparts

text: such

text: as

text: causewayed

text: enclosures

text: burial

text: mounds

text: and

text: henge

text: required

text: considerable

text: time

text: and

text: labour

text: to

text: construct

text: which

text: suggests

text: that

text: some

text: influential

text: individuals

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: organise

text: and

text: direct

text: human

text: labour

text: though

text: non

text: hierarchical

text: and

text: voluntary

text: work

text: remain

text: possibilities

question: What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life?

answer: the household

text: the household

question: What time period were the huge circular ditches found in?

answer: 4800 BC and 4600 BC

text: 4800 BC and 4600 BC

question: What did the ditches later evolve into?

answer: causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge

text: causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge

question: What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command?

answer: required considerable time and labour to construct

text: required considerable time and labour to construct