text: This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service, and the Canadian Rangers. Under the National Defence Act, the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence (the federal government department responsible for administration and formation of defence policy), which also exists as the civilian support system for the Forces.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: This

text: unified

text: institution

text: consists

text: of

text: sea

text: land

text: and

text: air

text: elements

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Navy

text: RCN

text: Canadian

text: Army

text: and

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Force

text: RCAF

text: Personnel

text: may

text: belong

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: Regular

text: Force

text: or

text: the

text: Reserve

text: Force

text: which

text: has

text: four

text: sub

text: components

text: the

text: Primary

text: Reserve

text: Supplementary

text: Reserve

text: Cadet

text: Organizations

text: Administration

text: and

text: Training

text: Service

text: and

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rangers

text: Under

text: the

text: National

text: Defence

text: Act

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: are

text: an

text: entity

text: separate

text: and

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: National

text: Defence

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: department

text: responsible

text: for

text: administration

text: and

text: formation

text: of

text: defence

text: policy

text: which

text: also

text: exists

text: as

text: the

text: civilian

text: support

text: system

text: for

text: the

text: Forces

question: How many sub components are there?

answer: four

text: four

question: What act defines the CAF?

answer: the National Defence Act

text: the National Defence Act


text: The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop, punk, salsa, disco, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, and Jazz in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world. The city is also widely celebrated in popular lore, frequently the setting for books, movies (see List of films set in New York City), and television programs. New York Fashion Week is one of the world's preeminent fashion events and is afforded extensive coverage by the media. New York has also frequently been ranked the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list compiled by the Global Language Monitor.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: many

text: cultural

text: movements

text: including

text: the

text: Harlem

text: Renaissance

text: in

text: literature

text: and

text: visual

text: art

text: abstract

text: expressionism

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: School

text: in

text: painting

text: and

text: hip

text: hop

text: punk

text: salsa

text: disco

text: freestyle

text: Tin

text: Pan

text: Alley

text: and

text: Jazz

text: in

text: music

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: the

text: dance

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: widely

text: celebrated

text: in

text: popular

text: lore

text: frequently

text: the

text: setting

text: for

text: books

text: movies

text: see

text: List

text: of

text: films

text: set

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: television

text: programs

text: New

text: York

text: Fashion

text: Week

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: preeminent

text: fashion

text: events

text: and

text: is

text: afforded

text: extensive

text: coverage

text: by

text: the

text: media

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: also

text: frequently

text: been

text: ranked

text: the

text: top

text: fashion

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: on

text: the

text: annual

text: list

text: compiled

text: by

text: the

text: Global

text: Language

text: Monitor

question: The fashion capital of the world is what city in the US?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: One of the biggest fashion shows in the world is named what in New York?

answer: New York Fashion Week

text: New York Fashion Week

question: By what other name is abstract expressionism known?

answer: the New York School

text: the New York School

question: What is the name of the prominent fashion event that occurs in New York?

answer: New York Fashion Week

text: New York Fashion Week

question: Who ranked New York as the fashion capital of the world?

answer: the Global Language Monitor

text: the Global Language Monitor


text: Poetry, in particular, was a staple of court life. Nobles and ladies-in-waiting were expected to be well versed in the art of writing poetry as a mark of their status. Every occasion could call for the writing of a verse, from the birth of a child to the coronation of an emperor, or even a pretty scene of nature. A well-written poem or haiku could easily make or break one's reputation, and often was a key part of social interaction.Almost as important was the choice of calligraphy, or handwriting, used. The Japanese of this period believed handwriting could reflect the condition of a person's soul: therefore, poor or hasty writing could be considered a sign of poor breeding. Whether the script was Chinese or Japanese, good writing and artistic skill was paramount to social reputation when it came to poetry. Sei Shonagon mentions in her Pillow Book that when a certain courtesan tried to ask her advice about how to write a poem to the empress Sadako, she had to politely rebuke him because his writing was so poor.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: Poetry

text: in

text: particular

text: was

text: a

text: staple

text: of

text: court

text: life

text: Nobles

text: and

text: ladies

text: in

text: waiting

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: well

text: versed

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: writing

text: poetry

text: as

text: a

text: mark

text: of

text: their

text: status

text: Every

text: occasion

text: could

text: call

text: for

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: a

text: verse

text: from

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: a

text: child

text: to

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: an

text: emperor

text: or

text: even

text: a

text: pretty

text: scene

text: of

text: nature

text: A

text: well

text: written

text: poem

text: or

text: haiku

text: could

text: easily

text: make

text: or

text: break

text: one

text: 's

text: reputation

text: and

text: often

text: was

text: a

text: key

text: part

text: of

text: social

text: interaction

text: Almost

text: as

text: important

text: was

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: calligraphy

text: or

text: handwriting

text: used

text: The

text: Japanese

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: believed

text: handwriting

text: could

text: reflect

text: the

text: condition

text: of

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: soul

text: therefore

text: poor

text: or

text: hasty

text: writing

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: poor

text: breeding

text: Whether

text: the

text: script

text: was

text: Chinese

text: or

text: Japanese

text: good

text: writing

text: and

text: artistic

text: skill

text: was

text: paramount

text: to

text: social

text: reputation

text: when

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: poetry

text: Sei

text: Shonagon

text: mentions

text: in

text: her

text: Pillow

text: Book

text: that

text: when

text: a

text: certain

text: courtesan

text: tried

text: to

text: ask

text: her

text: advice

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: write

text: a

text: poem

text: to

text: the

text: empress

text: Sadako

text: she

text: had

text: to

text: politely

text: rebuke

text: him

text: because

text: his

text: writing

text: was

text: so

text: poor

question: What artform became a mark of status in the courts?

answer: poetry

text: poetry

question: During the Heian period, what did the Japanese think could reflect one's soul?

answer: handwriting

text: handwriting

question: What was said to show low status or "poor breeding"?

answer: poor or hasty writing

text: poor or hasty writing


text: Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coil increases the electrical energy efficiency of the motor. Copper motor rotors, a new technology designed for motor applications where energy savings are prime design objectives, are enabling general-purpose induction motors to meet and exceed National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) premium efficiency standards.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: 's

text: greater

text: conductivity

text: versus

text: other

text: metals

text: enhances

text: the

text: electrical

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: of

text: motors

text: This

text: is

text: important

text: because

text: motors

text: and

text: motor

text: driven

text: systems

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: global

text: electricity

text: consumption

text: and

text: of

text: all

text: electricity

text: used

text: by

text: industry

text: Increasing

text: the

text: mass

text: and

text: cross

text: section

text: of

text: copper

text: in

text: a

text: coil

text: increases

text: the

text: electrical

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: of

text: the

text: motor

text: Copper

text: motor

text: rotors

text: a

text: new

text: technology

text: designed

text: for

text: motor

text: applications

text: where

text: energy

text: savings

text: are

text: prime

text: design

text: objectives

text: are

text: enabling

text: general

text: purpose

text: induction

text: motors

text: to

text: meet

text: and

text: exceed

text: National

text: Electrical

text: Manufacturers

text: Association

text: NEMA

text: premium

text: efficiency

text: standards

question: What property of copper increases the efficiency of electrical motors?

answer: conductivity

text: conductivity

question: What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally?

answer: 43%-46%

question: What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use in industry?

answer: 69%

question: What does the acronym NEMA stand for?

answer: National Electrical Manufacturers Association

text: National Electrical Manufacturers Association

question: By using copper motor rotor technology it is allowing industry to exceed what standards?

answer: efficiency standards

text: efficiency standards


text: The Greece women's national water polo team have emerged as one of the leading powers in the world, becoming World Champions after their gold medal win against the hosts China at the 2011 World Championship. They have also won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, the gold medal at the 2005 World League and the silver medals at the 2010 and 2012 European Championships. The Greece men's national water polo team became the third best water polo team in the world in 2005, after their win against Croatia in the bronze medal game at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Canada. The domestic top water polo leagues, Greek Men's Water Polo League and Greek Women's Water Polo League are considered amongst the top national leagues in European water polo, as its clubs have made significant success in European competitions. In men's European competitions, Olympiacos has won the Champions League, the European Super Cup and the Triple Crown in 2002 becoming the first club in Water polo history to win every title in which it has competed within a single year (National championship, National cup, Champions League and European Super Cup), while NC Vouliagmeni has won the LEN Cup Winners' Cup in 1997. In women's European competitions, Greek water polo teams (NC Vouliagmeni, Glyfada NSC, Olympiacos, Ethnikos Piraeus) are amongst the most successful in European water polο, having won as many as 4 LEN Champions Cups, 3 LEN Trophies and 2 European Supercups.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greece

text: women

text: 's

text: national

text: water

text: polo

text: team

text: have

text: emerged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: becoming

text: World

text: Champions

text: after

text: their

text: gold

text: medal

text: win

text: against

text: the

text: hosts

text: China

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Championship

text: They

text: have

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: silver

text: medal

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: the

text: gold

text: medal

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: silver

text: medals

text: at

text: the

text: and

text: European

text: Championships

text: The

text: Greece

text: men

text: 's

text: national

text: water

text: polo

text: team

text: became

text: the

text: third

text: best

text: water

text: polo

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: after

text: their

text: win

text: against

text: Croatia

text: in

text: the

text: bronze

text: medal

text: game

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Aquatics

text: Championships

text: in

text: Canada

text: The

text: domestic

text: top

text: water

text: polo

text: leagues

text: Greek

text: Men

text: 's

text: Water

text: Polo

text: League

text: and

text: Greek

text: Women

text: 's

text: Water

text: Polo

text: League

text: are

text: considered

text: amongst

text: the

text: top

text: national

text: leagues

text: in

text: European

text: water

text: polo

text: as

text: its

text: clubs

text: have

text: made

text: significant

text: success

text: in

text: European

text: competitions

text: In

text: men

text: 's

text: European

text: competitions

text: Olympiacos

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: the

text: European

text: Super

text: Cup

text: and

text: the

text: Triple

text: Crown

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: club

text: in

text: Water

text: polo

text: history

text: to

text: win

text: every

text: title

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: has

text: competed

text: within

text: a

text: single

text: year

text: National

text: championship

text: National

text: cup

text: Champions

text: League

text: and

text: European

text: Super

text: Cup

text: while

text: NC

text: Vouliagmeni

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: LEN

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: in

text: In

text: women

text: 's

text: European

text: competitions

text: Greek

text: water

text: polo

text: teams

text: NC

text: Vouliagmeni

text: Glyfada

text: NSC

text: Olympiacos

text: Ethnikos

text: Piraeus

text: are

text: amongst

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: in

text: European

text: water

text: polο

text: having

text: won

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: LEN

text: Champions

text: Cups

text: LEN

text: Trophies

text: and

text: European

text: Supercups

question: In what year did Greece's women's water polo team win the World Championship?

answer: 2011

question: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2004 Summer Olympics?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2005 World League?

answer: gold

text: gold

question: The Greece Men's water polo team held which world ranking in 2005?

answer: third

text: third

question: Who did Greece Men's water polo team beat in the 2005 World Aquatics Championships?

answer: Croatia

text: Croatia


text: Its mission is to provide high quality education, training and research in the areas of science and technology to produce qualified professionals that can apply their knowledge and skills in the country's development.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Its

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: high

text: quality

text: education

text: training

text: and

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: to

text: produce

text: qualified

text: professionals

text: that

text: can

text: apply

text: their

text: knowledge

text: and

text: skills

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: development

question: If the mission is achieved, professionals will apply what they've learned to what goal?

answer: the country's development

text: the country's development


text: The sixty-one year reign of the Kangxi Emperor was the longest of any Chinese emperor. Kangxi's reign is also celebrated as the beginning of an era known as the "High Qing", during which the dynasty reached the zenith of its social, economic and military power. Kangxi's long reign started when he was eight years old upon the untimely demise of his father. To prevent a repeat of Dorgon's dictatorial monopolizing of power during the regency, the Shunzhi Emperor, on his deathbed, hastily appointed four senior cabinet ministers to govern on behalf of his young son. The four ministers — Sonin, Ebilun, Suksaha, and Oboi — were chosen for their long service, but also to counteract each other's influences. Most important, the four were not closely related to the imperial family and laid no claim to the throne. However, as time passed, through chance and machination, Oboi, the most junior of the four, achieved such political dominance as to be a potential threat. Even though Oboi's loyalty was never an issue, his personal arrogance and political conservatism led him into an escalating conflict with the young emperor. In 1669 Kangxi, through trickery, disarmed and imprisoned Oboi — a significant victory for a fifteen-year-old emperor over a wily politician and experienced commander.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: sixty

text: one

text: year

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: of

text: any

text: Chinese

text: emperor

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: reign

text: is

text: also

text: celebrated

text: as

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: an

text: era

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: High

text: Qing

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: dynasty

text: reached

text: the

text: zenith

text: of

text: its

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: military

text: power

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: long

text: reign

text: started

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: eight

text: years

text: old

text: upon

text: the

text: untimely

text: demise

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: To

text: prevent

text: a

text: repeat

text: of

text: Dorgon

text: 's

text: dictatorial

text: monopolizing

text: of

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: regency

text: the

text: Shunzhi

text: Emperor

text: on

text: his

text: deathbed

text: hastily

text: appointed

text: four

text: senior

text: cabinet

text: ministers

text: to

text: govern

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: his

text: young

text: son

text: The

text: four

text: ministers

text: Sonin

text: Ebilun

text: Suksaha

text: and

text: Oboi

text: were

text: chosen

text: for

text: their

text: long

text: service

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: counteract

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: influences

text: Most

text: important

text: the

text: four

text: were

text: not

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: and

text: laid

text: no

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: However

text: as

text: time

text: passed

text: through

text: chance

text: and

text: machination

text: Oboi

text: the

text: most

text: junior

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: achieved

text: such

text: political

text: dominance

text: as

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: potential

text: threat

text: Even

text: though

text: Oboi

text: 's

text: loyalty

text: was

text: never

text: an

text: issue

text: his

text: personal

text: arrogance

text: and

text: political

text: conservatism

text: led

text: him

text: into

text: an

text: escalating

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: young

text: emperor

text: In

text: Kangxi

text: through

text: trickery

text: disarmed

text: and

text: imprisoned

text: Oboi

text: a

text: significant

text: victory

text: for

text: a

text: fifteen

text: year

text: old

text: emperor

text: over

text: a

text: wily

text: politician

text: and

text: experienced

text: commander

question: How long was Kangxi Emperor in power?

answer: sixty-one year

text: sixty-one year

question: What era did Kanxi's rule kick off?

answer: High Qing

text: High Qing

question: Who had the longest rule of any emperor?

answer: Kangxi

text: Kangxi

question: How old was Kangxi when he took over?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Who ruled while Kangxi was young?

answer: Oboi

text: Oboi


text: Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types). The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Apollo

text: as

text: a

text: handsome

text: beardless

text: young

text: man

text: is

text: often

text: depicted

text: with

text: a

text: kithara

text: as

text: Apollo

text: Citharoedus

text: or

text: bow

text: in

text: his

text: hand

text: or

text: reclining

text: on

text: a

text: tree

text: the

text: Apollo

text: Lykeios

text: and

text: Apollo

text: Sauroctonos

text: types

text: The

text: Apollo

text: Belvedere

text: is

text: a

text: marble

text: sculpture

text: that

text: was

text: rediscovered

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: for

text: centuries

text: it

text: epitomized

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: Classical

text: Antiquity

text: for

text: Europeans

text: from

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: marble

text: is

text: a

text: Hellenistic

text: or

text: Roman

text: copy

text: of

text: a

text: bronze

text: original

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: sculptor

text: Leochares

text: made

text: between

text: and

text: BCE

question: Who is often depicted with a kithara or bow in his hand?

answer: Apollo

text: Apollo

question: What is the name of a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century?

answer: The Apollo Belvedere

text: The Apollo Belvedere

question: Who made the Apollo Belvedere?

answer: Leochares

text: Leochares

question: When did Leochares make The Apollo Belvedere?

answer: between 350 and 325 BCE

text: between 350 and 325 BCE


text: In the financial year ended 31 July 2013, Imperial had a total net income of £822.0 million (2011/12 – £765.2 million) and total expenditure of £754.9 million (2011/12 – £702.0 million). Key sources of income included £329.5 million from research grants and contracts (2011/12 – £313.9 million), £186.3 million from academic fees and support grants (2011/12 – £163.1 million), £168.9 million from Funding Council grants (2011/12 – £172.4 million) and £12.5 million from endowment and investment income (2011/12 – £8.1 million). During the 2012/13 financial year Imperial had a capital expenditure of £124 million (2011/12 – £152 million).

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: In

text: the

text: financial

text: year

text: ended

text: July

text: Imperial

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: net

text: income

text: of

text: million

text: million

text: and

text: total

text: expenditure

text: of

text: million

text: million

text: Key

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: included

text: million

text: from

text: research

text: grants

text: and

text: contracts

text: million

text: million

text: from

text: academic

text: fees

text: and

text: support

text: grants

text: million

text: million

text: from

text: Funding

text: Council

text: grants

text: million

text: and

text: million

text: from

text: endowment

text: and

text: investment

text: income

text: million

text: During

text: the

text: financial

text: year

text: Imperial

text: had

text: a

text: capital

text: expenditure

text: of

text: million

text: million

question: What was Imperial's net income for the financial year that ended on 31 July 2013?

answer: £822.0 million

text: £822.0 million

question: What was Imperial's total expenditure for the financial year that ended on the 31 July 2013?

answer: £754.9 million

text: £754.9 million

question: How much income was generated from research grants and contracts for 2013?

answer: £329.5 million

text: £329.5 million

question: Who granted Imperial close to 170 million pounds in grants?

answer: Funding Council

text: Funding Council

question: What was Imperial's capital expenditure for the 2012/2013 financial year?

answer: £124 million

text: £124 million


text: In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the informal economy and small household businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that children follow in their parents' footsteps; child labour then is a means to learn and practice that trade from a very early age. Similarly, in many cultures the education of girls is less valued or girls are simply not expected to need formal schooling, and these girls pushed into child labour such as providing domestic services.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: European

text: history

text: when

text: child

text: labour

text: was

text: common

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: contemporary

text: child

text: labour

text: of

text: modern

text: world

text: certain

text: cultural

text: beliefs

text: have

text: rationalised

text: child

text: labour

text: and

text: thereby

text: encouraged

text: it

text: Some

text: view

text: that

text: work

text: is

text: good

text: for

text: the

text: character

text: building

text: and

text: skill

text: development

text: of

text: children

text: In

text: many

text: cultures

text: particular

text: where

text: the

text: informal

text: economy

text: and

text: small

text: household

text: businesses

text: thrive

text: the

text: cultural

text: tradition

text: is

text: that

text: children

text: follow

text: in

text: their

text: parents

text: footsteps

text: child

text: labour

text: then

text: is

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: learn

text: and

text: practice

text: that

text: trade

text: from

text: a

text: very

text: early

text: age

text: Similarly

text: in

text: many

text: cultures

text: the

text: education

text: of

text: girls

text: is

text: less

text: valued

text: or

text: girls

text: are

text: simply

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: need

text: formal

text: schooling

text: and

text: these

text: girls

text: pushed

text: into

text: child

text: labour

text: such

text: as

text: providing

text: domestic

text: services

question: Throughout European history was child labour seen as a positive?

answer: Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children

text: Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children

question: Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour?

answer: girls

text: girls

question: For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side?

answer: learn and practice that trade from a very early age

text: learn and practice that trade from a very early age

question: Do many cultures place value of the education of a young girl?

answer: education of girls is less valued

text: education of girls is less valued


text: PS3 was given the number-eight spot on PC World magazine's list of "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006", where it was criticized for being "Late, Expensive and Incompatible". GamesRadar ranked PS3 as the top item in a feature on game-related PR disasters, asking how Sony managed to "take one of the most anticipated game systems of all time and — within the space of a year — turn it into a hate object reviled by the entire internet", but added that despite its problems the system has "untapped potential". Business Week summed up the general opinion by stating that it was "more impressed with what [the PlayStation 3] could do than with what it currently does".

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: number

text: eight

text: spot

text: on

text: PC

text: World

text: magazine

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: The

text: Top

text: Tech

text: Screwups

text: of

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: criticized

text: for

text: being

text: Late

text: Expensive

text: and

text: Incompatible

text: GamesRadar

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: item

text: in

text: a

text: feature

text: on

text: game

text: related

text: PR

text: disasters

text: asking

text: how

text: Sony

text: managed

text: to

text: take

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: anticipated

text: game

text: systems

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: space

text: of

text: a

text: year

text: turn

text: it

text: into

text: a

text: hate

text: object

text: reviled

text: by

text: the

text: entire

text: internet

text: but

text: added

text: that

text: despite

text: its

text: problems

text: the

text: system

text: has

text: untapped

text: potential

text: Business

text: Week

text: summed

text: up

text: the

text: general

text: opinion

text: by

text: stating

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: impressed

text: with

text: what

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: could

text: do

text: than

text: with

text: what

text: it

text: currently

text: does

question: What list by PC World ranked PlayStation eighth, in a bad way?

answer: "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006"

text: "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006"

question: What gaming website called PS3 "a hate object reviled by the entire internet"?

answer: GamesRadar

text: GamesRadar

question: What quote sums up PC World's 2006 assessment of PS3?

answer: "Late, Expensive and Incompatible"

text: "Late, Expensive and Incompatible"

question: How long did GamesRadar say it took Sony to turn the Internet against the PlayStation 3?

answer: a year

text: a year


text: From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 members with elections held every four years. The members of parliament select the Prime Minister (who is the head of government) and the Speaker of Parliament. The ministers that form the Cabinet are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: From

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: colony

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: until

text: independence

text: the

text: legislative

text: body

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: or

text: Fale

text: I

text: Fono

text: Following

text: independence

text: in

text: October

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: or

text: Palamene

text: o

text: Tuvalu

text: The

text: unicameral

text: Parliament

text: has

text: members

text: with

text: elections

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: parliament

text: select

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: Parliament

text: The

text: ministers

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

question: When did Tuvalu acquire independence?

answer: October 1978

text: October 1978

question: What was formed in 1974?

answer: British colony of Tuvalu

text: British colony of Tuvalu

question: After independence, what was the Assembly on Tuvalu  named?

answer: Parliament of Tuvalu

text: Parliament of Tuvalu

question: What type of parliament does Tuvalu have?

answer: unicameral

text: unicameral

question: In Tuvalu government, what group elect the Prime Minster?

answer: members of parliament

text: members of parliament


text: In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the initial aircraft complement. For other operations, 400 troops and fifty 3.5 t trucks (or equivalent equipment) can also be carried. The flight deck has five helicopter landing spots that allow simultaneous landings or take-offs. The ship is equipped with two Phalanx CIWS and two SeaRAM for its defense. The destroyers of this class were initially intended to replace the two ships of the Shirane class, which were originally scheduled to begin decommissioning in FY2014.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: In

text: August

text: a

text: launching

text: ceremony

text: for

text: Japan

text: 's

text: largest

text: military

text: ship

text: since

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Yokohama

text: The

text: long

text: m

text: flattop

text: Izumo

text: was

text: deployed

text: in

text: March

text: The

text: ship

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: carry

text: up

text: to

text: helicopters

text: however

text: only

text: seven

text: ASW

text: helicopters

text: and

text: two

text: SAR

text: helicopters

text: were

text: planned

text: for

text: the

text: initial

text: aircraft

text: complement

text: For

text: other

text: operations

text: troops

text: and

text: fifty

text: t

text: trucks

text: or

text: equivalent

text: equipment

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: carried

text: The

text: flight

text: deck

text: has

text: five

text: helicopter

text: landing

text: spots

text: that

text: allow

text: simultaneous

text: landings

text: or

text: take

text: offs

text: The

text: ship

text: is

text: equipped

text: with

text: two

text: Phalanx

text: CIWS

text: and

text: two

text: SeaRAM

text: for

text: its

text: defense

text: The

text: destroyers

text: of

text: this

text: class

text: were

text: initially

text: intended

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: two

text: ships

text: of

text: the

text: Shirane

text: class

text: which

text: were

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: begin

text: decommissioning

text: in

question: What was the August 2013 launching ceremony in Yokohama held for?

answer: Japan's largest military ship since World War II

text: Japan's largest military ship since World War II

question: How many helicopters can simultaneously land on Japan's largest military ship?

answer: five

text: five

question: How long is Japan's largest military ship?

answer: 820-foot-long (250 m)

text: 820-foot-long (250 m)

question: How many troops can Japan's largest military ship carry?

answer: 400

question: How much does Japan's largest military ship weigh?

answer: 19,500-ton


text: The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall).

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: sessions

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Parliament

text: are

text: public

text: Unlike

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Parliament

text: are

text: not

text: politicians

text: by

text: profession

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: paid

text: a

text: fee

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: attendance

text: Any

text: resident

text: of

text: Bern

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: can

text: be

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Parliament

text: The

text: parliament

text: holds

text: its

text: meetings

text: in

text: the

text: Stadthaus

text: Town

text: Hall

question: Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public?

answer: public

text: public


text: Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Construction

text: is

text: currently

text: underway

text: on

text: the

text: Miami

text: Intermodal

text: Center

text: and

text: Miami

text: Central

text: Station

text: a

text: massive

text: transportation

text: hub

text: servicing

text: Metrorail

text: Amtrak

text: Tri

text: Rail

text: Metrobus

text: Greyhound

text: Lines

text: taxis

text: rental

text: cars

text: MIA

text: Mover

text: private

text: automobiles

text: bicycles

text: and

text: pedestrians

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Miami

text: International

text: Airport

text: Completion

text: of

text: the

text: Miami

text: Intermodal

text: Center

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: completed

text: by

text: winter

text: and

text: will

text: serve

text: over

text: commuters

text: and

text: travelers

text: in

text: the

text: Miami

text: area

text: Phase

text: I

text: of

text: Miami

text: Central

text: Station

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: begin

text: service

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: and

text: Phase

text: II

text: in

question: What year was to see the completion of the Miami Intermodal Center?

answer: 2011

question: When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?

answer: 2013

question: Approximately how many people were intended to use Miami Intermodal Center?

answer: 150,000

question: What airport is Miami Intermodal Center next to?

answer: Miami International

text: Miami International

question: What part of 2012 was to have seen Phase I of Miami Central Station begin?

answer: spring

text: spring


text: On 25 February 1757, Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a "history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne", its length being eighty quarto sheets (640 pages), nearly 400,000 words. It was to be submitted for publication by Christmas 1758. Burke completed the work to the year 1216 and stopped; it was not published until after Burke's death, being included in an 1812 collection of his works, entitled An Essay Towards an Abridgement of the English History. G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was "demonstrably a translation from the French". Lord Acton, on commenting on the story that Burke stopped his history because David Hume published his, said "it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: On

text: February

text: Burke

text: signed

text: a

text: contract

text: with

text: Robert

text: Dodsley

text: to

text: write

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: England

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Queen

text: Anne

text: its

text: length

text: being

text: eighty

text: quarto

text: sheets

text: pages

text: nearly

text: words

text: It

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: submitted

text: for

text: publication

text: by

text: Christmas

text: Burke

text: completed

text: the

text: work

text: to

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: stopped

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: published

text: until

text: after

text: Burke

text: 's

text: death

text: being

text: included

text: in

text: an

text: collection

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: entitled

text: An

text: Essay

text: Towards

text: an

text: Abridgement

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: History

text: G.

text: M.

text: Young

text: did

text: not

text: value

text: Burke

text: 's

text: history

text: and

text: claimed

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: demonstrably

text: a

text: translation

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: Lord

text: Acton

text: on

text: commenting

text: on

text: the

text: story

text: that

text: Burke

text: stopped

text: his

text: history

text: because

text: David

text: Hume

text: published

text: his

text: said

text: it

text: is

text: ever

text: to

text: be

text: regretted

text: that

text: the

text: reverse

text: did

text: not

text: occur

question: When did Burke sign a contract for a history of England?

answer: 25 February 1757

text: 25 February 1757

question: How many words long was Burke's history of England contracted to be?

answer: nearly 400,000

text: nearly 400,000

question: How many pages long was Burke's history of England contracted to be?

answer: 640 pages

text: 640 pages

question: When was Burke's history of England published?

answer: 1812

question: Which author's history of England being published before Burke's might have dissuaded Burke from continuing his?

answer: David Hume

text: David Hume


text: After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia; under Pompey, a large fleet was raised in the Mediterranean Sea to clear the sea of Cilician pirates. During the civil war that followed, as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: After

text: having

text: declined

text: in

text: size

text: following

text: the

text: subjugation

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: the

text: Roman

text: navy

text: underwent

text: short

text: term

text: upgrading

text: and

text: revitalisation

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Republic

text: to

text: meet

text: several

text: new

text: demands

text: Under

text: Caesar

text: an

text: invasion

text: fleet

text: was

text: assembled

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Britannia

text: under

text: Pompey

text: a

text: large

text: fleet

text: was

text: raised

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: clear

text: the

text: sea

text: of

text: Cilician

text: pirates

text: During

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: that

text: followed

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: a

text: thousand

text: ships

text: were

text: either

text: constructed

text: or

text: pressed

text: into

text: service

text: from

text: Greek

text: cities

question: In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?

answer: Mediterranean Sea

text: Mediterranean Sea

question: Around how many ships were sent into service from Greek cities?

answer: as many as a thousand ships

text: as many as a thousand ships

question: Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?

answer: Caesar

text: Caesar

question: What was the driving force behind the revitalization of the Roman naval forces?

answer: to meet several new demands

text: to meet several new demands

question: What aspect of the Roman military saw a decline in size after the subjugation of the Mediterranean?

answer: Roman navy

text: Roman navy


text: Protestantism has had an important influence on science. According to the Merton Thesis, there was a positive correlation between the rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism on the one hand and early experimental science on the other. The Merton Thesis has two separate parts: Firstly, it presents a theory that science changes due to an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology; secondly, it puts forward the argument that the popularity of science in 17th-century England and the religious demography of the Royal Society (English scientists of that time were predominantly Puritans or other Protestants) can be explained by a correlation between Protestantism and the scientific values. Merton focused on English Puritanism and German Pietism as having been responsible for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries. He explained that the connection between religious affiliation and interest in science was the result of a significant synergy between the ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science. Protestant values encouraged scientific research by allowing science to identify God's influence on the world—his creation—and thus providing a religious justification for scientific research.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestantism

text: has

text: had

text: an

text: important

text: influence

text: on

text: science

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Merton

text: Thesis

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: positive

text: correlation

text: between

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: English

text: Puritanism

text: and

text: German

text: Pietism

text: on

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: and

text: early

text: experimental

text: science

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: The

text: Merton

text: Thesis

text: has

text: two

text: separate

text: parts

text: Firstly

text: it

text: presents

text: a

text: theory

text: that

text: science

text: changes

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: accumulation

text: of

text: observations

text: and

text: improvement

text: in

text: experimental

text: technique

text: and

text: methodology

text: secondly

text: it

text: puts

text: forward

text: the

text: argument

text: that

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: science

text: in

text: century

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: religious

text: demography

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: English

text: scientists

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: were

text: predominantly

text: Puritans

text: or

text: other

text: Protestants

text: can

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: a

text: correlation

text: between

text: Protestantism

text: and

text: the

text: scientific

text: values

text: Merton

text: focused

text: on

text: English

text: Puritanism

text: and

text: German

text: Pietism

text: as

text: having

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: He

text: explained

text: that

text: the

text: connection

text: between

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: and

text: interest

text: in

text: science

text: was

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: significant

text: synergy

text: between

text: the

text: ascetic

text: Protestant

text: values

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: modern

text: science

text: Protestant

text: values

text: encouraged

text: scientific

text: research

text: by

text: allowing

text: science

text: to

text: identify

text: God

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: his

text: creation

text: and

text: thus

text: providing

text: a

text: religious

text: justification

text: for

text: scientific

text: research

question: The rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism resulted in a corresponding rise in what?

answer: early experimental science

text: early experimental science

question: What religions did Merton think caused the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries?

answer: English Puritanism and German Pietism

text: English Puritanism and German Pietism

question: What other reason did Merton believe causes science to advance?

answer: an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology

text: an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology

question: What religions were English scientists in the 17th century?

answer: Puritans or other Protestants

text: Puritans or other Protestants

question: What values were thought to have a significant synergy?

answer: ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science

text: ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science


text: Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is a basic example of run-length encoding; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Lossless

text: data

text: compression

text: algorithms

text: usually

text: exploit

text: statistical

text: redundancy

text: to

text: represent

text: data

text: without

text: losing

text: any

text: information

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: reversible

text: Lossless

text: compression

text: is

text: possible

text: because

text: most

text: real

text: world

text: data

text: exhibits

text: statistical

text: redundancy

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: image

text: may

text: have

text: areas

text: of

text: colour

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: change

text: over

text: several

text: pixels

text: instead

text: of

text: coding

text: red

text: pixel

text: red

text: pixel

text: the

text: data

text: may

text: be

text: encoded

text: as

text: red

text: pixels

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: basic

text: example

text: of

text: run

text: length

text: encoding

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: schemes

text: to

text: reduce

text: file

text: size

text: by

text: eliminating

text: redundancy

question: What usually exploits statistical redundancy?

answer: Lossless data compression algorithms

text: Lossless data compression algorithms

question: What represents statistical redundancy?

answer: Lossless compression

text: Lossless compression

question: What may have colors that do not change over several pixels?

answer: an image

text: an image


text: 48 of Switzerland's mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea in altitude or higher. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau (4,158 m or 13,642 ft) Eiger and Mönch, and the many picturesque valleys in the region. In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton of Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: mountains

text: are

text: metres

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: in

text: altitude

text: or

text: higher

text: At

text: m

text: ft

text: Monte

text: Rosa

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: although

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: m

text: or

text: ft

text: is

text: often

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: Both

text: are

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: Pennine

text: Alps

text: in

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Valais

text: The

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Alps

text: above

text: the

text: deep

text: glacial

text: Lauterbrunnen

text: valley

text: containing

text: waterfalls

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: Jungfrau

text: m

text: or

text: ft

text: Eiger

text: and

text: Mönch

text: and

text: the

text: many

text: picturesque

text: valleys

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: long

text: Engadin

text: Valley

text: encompassing

text: the

text: St.

text: Moritz

text: area

text: in

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: is

text: also

text: well

text: known

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: Bernina

text: Alps

text: is

text: Piz

text: Bernina

text: m

text: or

text: ft

question: What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?

answer: Monte Rosa

text: Monte Rosa

question: What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland?

answer: Matterhorn

text: Matterhorn

question: How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level?

answer: 48

question: Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?

answer: Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais

text: Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais


text: Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it. Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of human freedom and progress. In modern times, humanist movements are typically aligned with secularism, and today humanism typically refers to a non-theistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Humanism

text: is

text: a

text: philosophical

text: and

text: ethical

text: stance

text: that

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: value

text: and

text: agency

text: of

text: human

text: beings

text: individually

text: and

text: collectively

text: and

text: generally

text: prefers

text: critical

text: thinking

text: and

text: evidence

text: rationalism

text: empiricism

text: over

text: acceptance

text: of

text: dogma

text: or

text: superstition

text: The

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: humanism

text: has

text: fluctuated

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: successive

text: intellectual

text: movements

text: which

text: have

text: identified

text: with

text: it

text: Generally

text: however

text: humanism

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: perspective

text: that

text: affirms

text: some

text: notion

text: of

text: human

text: freedom

text: and

text: progress

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: humanist

text: movements

text: are

text: typically

text: aligned

text: with

text: secularism

text: and

text: today

text: humanism

text: typically

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: non

text: theistic

text: life

text: stance

text: centred

text: on

text: human

text: agency

text: and

text: looking

text: to

text: science

text: rather

text: than

text: revelation

text: from

text: a

text: supernatural

text: source

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: world

question: What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism?

answer: human beings

text: human beings

question: What is a common tenant of humanism?

answer: freedom and progress

text: freedom and progress

question: What can be credited for the changes in the definition of humanism?

answer: intellectual movements

text: intellectual movements

question: These days humanism could be viewed as a form of what?

answer: secularism

text: secularism

question: Instead of turning to a spiritual or divine source practicers of humanism turn to what?

answer: science

text: science


text: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and Barbados.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Countries

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: quartile

text: of

text: HDI

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: group

text: with

text: a

text: missing

text: IHDI

text: include

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Liechtenstein

text: Japan

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Singapore

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Taiwan

text: Andorra

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: Malta

text: Brunei

text: Qatar

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: Barbados

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

answer: Barbados

text: Barbados


text: By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rather than to their actual inventors, since the scripts generally evolved into being over time. Qiu gives examples of early semi-cursive script, showing that it had popular origins rather than being purely Liu’s invention.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: period

text: an

text: early

text: form

text: of

text: semi

text: cursive

text: script

text: appeared

text: developing

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: cursively

text: written

text: form

text: of

text: neo

text: clerical

text: script[c

text: and

text: simple

text: cursive

text: This

text: semi

text: cursive

text: script

text: was

text: traditionally

text: attributed

text: to

text: Liu

text: Desheng

text: c.

text: AD,[d

text: although

text: such

text: attributions

text: refer

text: to

text: early

text: masters

text: of

text: a

text: script

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: their

text: actual

text: inventors

text: since

text: the

text: scripts

text: generally

text: evolved

text: into

text: being

text: over

text: time

text: Qiu

text: gives

text: examples

text: of

text: early

text: semi

text: cursive

text: script

text: showing

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: popular

text: origins

text: rather

text: than

text: being

text: purely

text: Liu

text: ’s

text: invention

question: What appeared at the end of the late Eastern Han period?

answer: early form of semi-cursive script

text: early form of semi-cursive script

question: What script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng?

answer: semi-cursive

text: semi-cursive

question: Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script?

answer: Qiu

text: Qiu


text: Baden Powell praised "Mr Darwin's masterly volume [supporting] the grand principle of the self-evolving powers of nature". In America, Asa Gray argued that evolution is the secondary effect, or modus operandi, of the first cause, design, and published a pamphlet defending the book in terms of theistic evolution, Natural Selection is not inconsistent with Natural Theology. Theistic evolution became a popular compromise, and St. George Jackson Mivart was among those accepting evolution but attacking Darwin's naturalistic mechanism. Eventually it was realised that supernatural intervention could not be a scientific explanation, and naturalistic mechanisms such as neo-Lamarckism were favoured over natural selection as being more compatible with purpose.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Baden

text: Powell

text: praised

text: Mr

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: masterly

text: volume

text: supporting

text: the

text: grand

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: self

text: evolving

text: powers

text: of

text: nature

text: In

text: America

text: Asa

text: Gray

text: argued

text: that

text: evolution

text: is

text: the

text: secondary

text: effect

text: or

text: modus

text: operandi

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: cause

text: design

text: and

text: published

text: a

text: pamphlet

text: defending

text: the

text: book

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: theistic

text: evolution

text: Natural

text: Selection

text: is

text: not

text: inconsistent

text: with

text: Natural

text: Theology

text: Theistic

text: evolution

text: became

text: a

text: popular

text: compromise

text: and

text: St.

text: George

text: Jackson

text: Mivart

text: was

text: among

text: those

text: accepting

text: evolution

text: but

text: attacking

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: naturalistic

text: mechanism

text: Eventually

text: it

text: was

text: realised

text: that

text: supernatural

text: intervention

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: a

text: scientific

text: explanation

text: and

text: naturalistic

text: mechanisms

text: such

text: as

text: neo

text: Lamarckism

text: were

text: favoured

text: over

text: natural

text: selection

text: as

text: being

text: more

text: compatible

text: with

text: purpose

question: What was Baden Powell's opinion of On the Origin of Species?

answer: Baden Powell praised "Mr Darwin's masterly volume [supporting] the grand principle of the self-evolving powers of nature"

text: Baden Powell praised "Mr Darwin's masterly volume [supporting] the grand principle of the self-evolving powers of nature"

question: What did the pamphlet that Asa Gray published defend?

answer: defending the book in terms of theistic evolution, Natural Selection is not inconsistent with Natural Theology.

text: defending the book in terms of theistic evolution, Natural Selection is not inconsistent with Natural Theology.

question: What was a way that theologians compromised with the information in Darwin's book?

answer: Theistic evolution became a popular compromise

text: Theistic evolution became a popular compromise

question: What was later realized that caused naturalistic mechanisms such as neo-Lamarckism to be embraced?

answer: supernatural intervention could not be a scientific explanation

text: supernatural intervention could not be a scientific explanation


text: In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union Party and significant U.S. investment in Newfoundland stemming from the U.S.-British alliance in World War II. The movement ultimately failed when, in a 1948 referendum, voters narrowly chose to confederate with Canada (the Economic Union Party supported an independent "responsible government" that they would then push toward their goals).

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Dominion

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: a

text: dominion

text: dependency

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: independent

text: of

text: Canada

text: there

text: was

text: mainstream

text: support

text: although

text: not

text: majority

text: for

text: Newfoundland

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: economic

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: thanks

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Economic

text: Union

text: Party

text: and

text: significant

text: U.S.

text: investment

text: in

text: Newfoundland

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: U.S

text: British

text: alliance

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: movement

text: ultimately

text: failed

text: when

text: in

text: a

text: referendum

text: voters

text: narrowly

text: chose

text: to

text: confederate

text: with

text: Canada

text: the

text: Economic

text: Union

text: Party

text: supported

text: an

text: independent

text: responsible

text: government

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: then

text: push

text: toward

text: their

text: goals

question: When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland?

answer: In the late 1940s

text: In the late 1940s

question: What did the Economic Union Party support?

answer: an independent "responsible government"

text: an independent "responsible government"

question: What was the result of the 1948 referendum?

answer: The movement ultimately failed

text: The movement ultimately failed


text: In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album".

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: the

text: record

text: companies

text: began

text: issuing

text: collections

text: of

text: rpm

text: records

text: by

text: one

text: performer

text: or

text: of

text: one

text: type

text: of

text: music

text: in

text: specially

text: assembled

text: albums

text: typically

text: with

text: artwork

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: cover

text: and

text: liner

text: notes

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: or

text: inside

text: cover

text: Most

text: albums

text: included

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: records

text: with

text: two

text: sides

text: each

text: making

text: six

text: or

text: eight

text: tunes

text: per

text: album

text: When

text: the

text: vinyl

text: LP

text: era

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: single

text: record

text: often

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: similar

text: number

text: of

text: tunes

text: as

text: a

text: typical

text: album

text: of

text: and

text: was

text: still

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: album

question: When were albums as we currently know them widely released?

answer: 1930s

question: What is typically found on the front cover of an album?

answer: artwork

text: artwork

question: How may records were commonly found in an album?

answer: three or four

text: three or four

question: When did the vinyl LP records Era begin?

answer: 1949

question: How many songs did most albums contain?

answer: six or eight

text: six or eight


text: A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party. He is instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation. He is kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration. Such information is derived in part from the floor leader's contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: A

text: party

text: 's

text: floor

text: leader

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: other

text: party

text: leaders

text: plays

text: an

text: influential

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: formulation

text: of

text: party

text: policy

text: and

text: programs

text: He

text: is

text: instrumental

text: in

text: guiding

text: legislation

text: favored

text: by

text: his

text: party

text: through

text: the

text: House

text: or

text: in

text: resisting

text: those

text: programs

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: party

text: that

text: are

text: considered

text: undesirable

text: by

text: his

text: own

text: party

text: He

text: is

text: instrumental

text: in

text: devising

text: and

text: implementing

text: his

text: party

text: 's

text: strategy

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: promoting

text: or

text: opposing

text: legislation

text: He

text: is

text: kept

text: constantly

text: informed

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: legislative

text: business

text: and

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: sentiment

text: of

text: his

text: party

text: respecting

text: particular

text: legislation

text: under

text: consideration

text: Such

text: information

text: is

text: derived

text: in

text: part

text: from

text: the

text: floor

text: leader

text: 's

text: contacts

text: with

text: his

text: party

text: 's

text: members

text: serving

text: on

text: House

text: committees

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: whip

text: organization

question: Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy?

answer: A party's floor leader

text: A party's floor leader

question: How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status?

answer: contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization

text: contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization

question: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation?

answer: guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party

text: guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party


text: Portuguese wines have enjoyed international recognition since the times of the Romans, who associated Portugal with their god Bacchus. Today, the country is known by wine lovers and its wines have won several international prizes. Some of the best Portuguese wines are: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine, the Moscatel from Setúbal and Favaios. Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: wines

text: have

text: enjoyed

text: international

text: recognition

text: since

text: the

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: associated

text: Portugal

text: with

text: their

text: god

text: Bacchus

text: Today

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: wine

text: lovers

text: and

text: its

text: wines

text: have

text: won

text: several

text: international

text: prizes

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: Portuguese

text: wines

text: are

text: Vinho

text: Verde

text: Vinho

text: Alvarinho

text: Vinho

text: do

text: Douro

text: Vinho

text: do

text: Alentejo

text: Vinho

text: do

text: Dão

text: Vinho

text: da

text: Bairrada

text: and

text: the

text: sweet

text: Port

text: Wine

text: Madeira

text: Wine

text: the

text: Moscatel

text: from

text: Setúbal

text: and

text: Favaios

text: Port

text: and

text: Madeira

text: are

text: particularly

text: appreciated

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: places

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: Since when have Portuguese wines garnished international recognition?

answer: since the times of the Romans

text: since the times of the Romans

question: With which Roman God was Portugal associated with?

answer: Bacchus

text: Bacchus

question: What are some of the best Portuguese wines?

answer: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine

text: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine

question: Which two Portuguese wines are especially enjoyed around the world?

answer: Port and Madeira

text: Port and Madeira


text: Fresh off spending the previous year touring the world with U2 on their Vertigo Tour, West felt inspired to compose anthemic rap songs that could operate more efficiently in large arenas. To this end, West incorporated the synthesizer into his hip-hop production, utilized slower tempos, and experimented with electronic music and influenced by music of the 1980s. In addition to U2, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression. To make his next effort, the third in a planned tetralogy of education-themed studio albums, more introspective and personal in lyricism, West listened to folk and country singer-songwriters Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash in hopes of developing methods to augment his wordplay and storytelling ability.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Fresh

text: off

text: spending

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: touring

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: on

text: their

text: Vertigo

text: Tour

text: West

text: felt

text: inspired

text: to

text: compose

text: anthemic

text: rap

text: songs

text: that

text: could

text: operate

text: more

text: efficiently

text: in

text: large

text: arenas

text: To

text: this

text: end

text: West

text: incorporated

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: into

text: his

text: hip

text: hop

text: production

text: utilized

text: slower

text: tempos

text: and

text: experimented

text: with

text: electronic

text: music

text: and

text: influenced

text: by

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: West

text: drew

text: musical

text: inspiration

text: from

text: arena

text: rock

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Rolling

text: Stones

text: and

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: melody

text: and

text: chord

text: progression

text: To

text: make

text: his

text: next

text: effort

text: the

text: third

text: in

text: a

text: planned

text: tetralogy

text: of

text: education

text: themed

text: studio

text: albums

text: more

text: introspective

text: and

text: personal

text: in

text: lyricism

text: West

text: listened

text: to

text: folk

text: and

text: country

text: singer

text: songwriters

text: Bob

text: Dylan

text: and

text: Johnny

text: Cash

text: in

text: hopes

text: of

text: developing

text: methods

text: to

text: augment

text: his

text: wordplay

text: and

text: storytelling

text: ability

question: What band did Kanye tour with for a year?

answer: U2

question: What setting did Kanye want his next tracks to perform well in?

answer: large arenas

text: large arenas

question: Who did Kanye study in order to develop his lyrical skills?

answer: Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash

text: Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash

question: Which band did Kanye West travel with for the Vertigo Tour?

answer: U2

question: What decade of music inspired Kanye West after his tour with U2?

answer: 1980s

question: Other than U2 and Led Zeppelin, what other band inspired Kanye West?

answer: The Rolling Stones

text: The Rolling Stones

question: What other country singer besides Johnny Cash did Kanye listen to?

answer: Bob Dylan

text: Bob Dylan


text: On April 18, 1985, a few months after taking his Senate seat, Kerry and Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa traveled to Nicaragua and met the country's president, Daniel Ortega. Though Ortega had won internationally certified elections, the trip was criticized because Ortega and his leftist Sandinista government had strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses. The Sandinista government was opposed by the right-wing CIA-backed rebels known as the Contras. While in Nicaragua, Kerry and Harkin talked to people on both sides of the conflict. Through the senators, Ortega offered a cease-fire agreement in exchange for the U.S. dropping support of the Contras. The offer was denounced by the Reagan administration as a "propaganda initiative" designed to influence a House vote on a $14 million Contra aid package, but Kerry said "I am willing..... to take the risk in the effort to put to test the good faith of the Sandinistas." The House voted down the Contra aid, but Ortega flew to Moscow to accept a $200 million loan the next day, which in part prompted the House to pass a larger $27 million aid package six weeks later.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: On

text: April

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: after

text: taking

text: his

text: Senate

text: seat

text: Kerry

text: and

text: Senator

text: Tom

text: Harkin

text: of

text: Iowa

text: traveled

text: to

text: Nicaragua

text: and

text: met

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: president

text: Daniel

text: Ortega

text: Though

text: Ortega

text: had

text: won

text: internationally

text: certified

text: elections

text: the

text: trip

text: was

text: criticized

text: because

text: Ortega

text: and

text: his

text: leftist

text: Sandinista

text: government

text: had

text: strong

text: ties

text: to

text: Cuba

text: and

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: were

text: accused

text: of

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: The

text: Sandinista

text: government

text: was

text: opposed

text: by

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: CIA

text: backed

text: rebels

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Contras

text: While

text: in

text: Nicaragua

text: Kerry

text: and

text: Harkin

text: talked

text: to

text: people

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: conflict

text: Through

text: the

text: senators

text: Ortega

text: offered

text: a

text: cease

text: fire

text: agreement

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dropping

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: Contras

text: The

text: offer

text: was

text: denounced

text: by

text: the

text: Reagan

text: administration

text: as

text: a

text: propaganda

text: initiative

text: designed

text: to

text: influence

text: a

text: House

text: vote

text: on

text: a

text: million

text: Contra

text: aid

text: package

text: but

text: Kerry

text: said

text: I

text: am

text: willing

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: risk

text: in

text: the

text: effort

text: to

text: put

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: good

text: faith

text: of

text: the

text: Sandinistas

text: The

text: House

text: voted

text: down

text: the

text: Contra

text: aid

text: but

text: Ortega

text: flew

text: to

text: Moscow

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: million

text: loan

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: which

text: in

text: part

text: prompted

text: the

text: House

text: to

text: pass

text: a

text: larger

text: million

text: aid

text: package

text: six

text: weeks

text: later

question: When did Kerry visit Nicaragua?

answer: April 18, 1985

text: April 18, 1985

question: Who did Kerry visit Nicaragua with?

answer: Senator Tom Harkin

text: Senator Tom Harkin

question: Where was Tom Harkin from?

answer: Iowa

text: Iowa

question: Who did Kerry visit in Nicaragua?

answer: Daniel Ortega

text: Daniel Ortega

question: What was criticized about Ortega's administration?

answer: strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses

text: strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses


text: Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1930s, began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telephone exchange. Experimental equipment that he built in 1934 went into operation 5 years later, converting a portion of the telephone exchange network into an electronic data processing system, using thousands of vacuum tubes. In the US, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942, the first "automatic electronic digital computer". This design was also all-electronic and used about 300 vacuum tubes, with capacitors fixed in a mechanically rotating drum for memory.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Purely

text: electronic

text: circuit

text: elements

text: soon

text: replaced

text: their

text: mechanical

text: and

text: electromechanical

text: equivalents

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: that

text: digital

text: calculation

text: replaced

text: analog

text: The

text: engineer

text: Tommy

text: Flowers

text: working

text: at

text: the

text: Post

text: Office

text: Research

text: Station

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: the

text: began

text: to

text: explore

text: the

text: possible

text: use

text: of

text: electronics

text: for

text: the

text: telephone

text: exchange

text: Experimental

text: equipment

text: that

text: he

text: built

text: in

text: went

text: into

text: operation

text: years

text: later

text: converting

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: telephone

text: exchange

text: network

text: into

text: an

text: electronic

text: data

text: processing

text: system

text: using

text: thousands

text: of

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: John

text: Vincent

text: Atanasoff

text: and

text: Clifford

text: E.

text: Berry

text: of

text: Iowa

text: State

text: University

text: developed

text: and

text: tested

text: the

text: Atanasoff

text: Berry

text: Computer

text: ABC

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: automatic

text: electronic

text: digital

text: computer

text: This

text: design

text: was

text: also

text: all

text: electronic

text: and

text: used

text: about

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: with

text: capacitors

text: fixed

text: in

text: a

text: mechanically

text: rotating

text: drum

text: for

text: memory

question: Where did the engineer Tommy Flowers work at during the 1930s?

answer: Post Office Research Station

text: Post Office Research Station

question: In what city did Tommy Flowers work in the 1930s?

answer: London

text: London

question: The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in what year?

answer: 1942

question: How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use?

answer: about 300

text: about 300

question: At what school did John Vincent Atansoff and Clifford E. Berry work?

answer: Iowa State University

text: Iowa State University


text: Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses the offices of the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of York, Earl and Countess of Wessex, Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: Thus

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: is

text: a

text: symbol

text: and

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: monarchy

text: an

text: art

text: gallery

text: and

text: a

text: tourist

text: attraction

text: Behind

text: the

text: gilded

text: railings

text: and

text: gates

text: which

text: were

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: Bromsgrove

text: Guild

text: in

text: and

text: Webb

text: 's

text: famous

text: façade

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: in

text: a

text: book

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Collection

text: as

text: looking

text: like

text: everybody

text: 's

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: palace

text: is

text: not

text: only

text: a

text: weekday

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: and

text: Prince

text: Philip

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: London

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: and

text: the

text: Earl

text: and

text: Countess

text: of

text: Wessex

text: The

text: palace

text: also

text: houses

text: the

text: offices

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: Prince

text: Philip

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: Earl

text: and

text: Countess

text: of

text: Wessex

text: Princess

text: Royal

text: and

text: Princess

text: Alexandra

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: workplace

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

question: Aside from being the home of the monarchy and a tourist attraction, what else is Buckingham Palace known for?

answer: art gallery

text: art gallery

question: Who made the palaces gilded railings and gates?

answer: Bromsgrove Guild

text: Bromsgrove Guild

question: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?

answer: more than 800

text: more than 800

question: Buckingham Palace is also the London Residence for which Duke?

answer: Duke of York

text: Duke of York

question: Who is Buckingham palace home to?

answer: the British monarchy

text: the British monarchy

question: Who completed the palaces gilded railing and gates?

answer: Bromsgrove Guild

text: Bromsgrove Guild

question: In what year were the railings and gates completed?

answer: 1911

question: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?

answer: 800 people

text: 800 people


text: The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by about 10°C. In fact, by the middle Cretaceous, equatorial ocean waters (perhaps as warm as 20 °C in the deep ocean) may have been too warm for sea life,[dubious – discuss][citation needed] and land areas near the equator may have been deserts despite their proximity to water. The circulation of oxygen to the deep ocean may also have been disrupted.[dubious – discuss] For this reason, large volumes of organic matter that was unable to decompose accumulated, eventually being deposited as "black shale".

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: is

text: less

text: certain

text: and

text: more

text: widely

text: disputed

text: Higher

text: levels

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: caused

text: the

text: world

text: temperature

text: gradient

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: to

text: become

text: almost

text: flat

text: temperatures

text: were

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: across

text: the

text: planet

text: Average

text: temperatures

text: were

text: also

text: higher

text: than

text: today

text: by

text: about

text: C

text: In

text: fact

text: by

text: the

text: middle

text: Cretaceous

text: equatorial

text: ocean

text: waters

text: perhaps

text: as

text: warm

text: as

text: C

text: in

text: the

text: deep

text: ocean

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: too

text: warm

text: for

text: sea

text: life,[dubious

text: discuss][citation

text: needed

text: and

text: land

text: areas

text: near

text: the

text: equator

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: deserts

text: despite

text: their

text: proximity

text: to

text: water

text: The

text: circulation

text: of

text: oxygen

text: to

text: the

text: deep

text: ocean

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: been

text: disrupted.[dubious

text: discuss

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: large

text: volumes

text: of

text: organic

text: matter

text: that

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: decompose

text: accumulated

text: eventually

text: being

text: deposited

text: as

text: black

text: shale

question: What is uncertain about the Cretaceous?

answer: climate

text: climate

question: What atmospheric gas caused temperatures levels to be 10 degrees higher than today?

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

question: During the Cretaceous what climate was thought to be found in areas near the seas?

answer: deserts

text: deserts

question: What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become?

answer: black shale

text: black shale

question: What was about equal across the planet?

answer: temperatures

text: temperatures


text: Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to our behaviors. Behavioral scientists have uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog. These abilities are not possessed by the dog's closest canine relatives nor by other highly intelligent mammals such as great apes. Rather, these skills parallel some of the social-cognitive skills of human children.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Dog

text: behavior

text: is

text: the

text: internally

text: coordinated

text: responses

text: actions

text: or

text: inactions

text: of

text: the

text: domestic

text: dog

text: individuals

text: or

text: groups

text: to

text: internal

text: and/or

text: external

text: stimuli

text: As

text: the

text: oldest

text: domesticated

text: species

text: with

text: estimates

text: ranging

text: from

text: years

text: BCE

text: the

text: minds

text: of

text: dogs

text: inevitably

text: have

text: been

text: shaped

text: by

text: millennia

text: of

text: contact

text: with

text: humans

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: physical

text: and

text: social

text: evolution

text: dogs

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: species

text: have

text: acquired

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: understand

text: and

text: communicate

text: with

text: humans

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: uniquely

text: attuned

text: to

text: our

text: behaviors

text: Behavioral

text: scientists

text: have

text: uncovered

text: a

text: surprising

text: set

text: of

text: social

text: cognitive

text: abilities

text: in

text: the

text: otherwise

text: humble

text: domestic

text: dog

text: These

text: abilities

text: are

text: not

text: possessed

text: by

text: the

text: dog

text: 's

text: closest

text: canine

text: relatives

text: nor

text: by

text: other

text: highly

text: intelligent

text: mammals

text: such

text: as

text: great

text: apes

text: Rather

text: these

text: skills

text: parallel

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: cognitive

text: skills

text: of

text: human

text: children

question: Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar?

answer: 9,000–30,000 years BCE

text: 9,000–30,000 years BCE

question: Dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species?

answer: humans.

text: humans.

question: What do some dog skills parallel in human beings?

answer: social-cognitive skills of human children

text: social-cognitive skills of human children

question: Dogs are  very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?

answer: humans.

text: humans.

question: Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species?

answer: humans.

text: humans.

question: What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as?

answer: Dog behavior

text: Dog behavior

question: More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people?

answer: understand and communicate

text: understand and communicate

question: Dogs have some social skills that parallel what?

answer: human children

text: human children


text: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: It

text: suffered

text: damage

text: during

text: the

text: turbulent

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: attacked

text: by

text: Puritan

text: iconoclasts

text: but

text: was

text: again

text: protected

text: by

text: its

text: close

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: period

text: Oliver

text: Cromwell

text: was

text: given

text: an

text: elaborate

text: funeral

text: there

text: in

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: disinterred

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: posthumously

text: hanged

text: from

text: a

text: gibbet

text: at

text: Tyburn

question: When did the abbey suffer damage?

answer: 1640s

question: Who attacked the abbey?

answer: Puritan iconoclasts

text: Puritan iconoclasts

question: What protected the abbey?

answer: ties to the state during the Commonwealth

text: ties to the state during the Commonwealth

question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?

answer: Oliver Cromwell

text: Oliver Cromwell

question: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?

answer: January 1661

text: January 1661