text: In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh. Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and Andy Cunningham, who eventually led the Apple account for the agency. Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan. The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: Regis

text: McKenna

text: was

text: brought

text: in

text: to

text: shape

text: the

text: marketing

text: and

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: Later

text: the

text: Regis

text: McKenna

text: team

text: grew

text: to

text: include

text: Jane

text: Anderson

text: Katie

text: Cadigan

text: and

text: Andy

text: Cunningham

text: who

text: eventually

text: led

text: the

text: Apple

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: agency

text: Cunningham

text: and

text: Anderson

text: were

text: the

text: primary

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: launch

text: plan

text: The

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: pioneered

text: many

text: different

text: tactics

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: today

text: in

text: launching

text: technology

text: products

text: including

text: the

text: multiple

text: exclusive

text: event

text: marketing

text: credited

text: to

text: John

text: Sculley

text: who

text: brought

text: the

text: concept

text: over

text: from

text: Pepsi

text: creating

text: a

text: mystique

text: around

text: a

text: product

text: and

text: giving

text: an

text: inside

text: look

text: into

text: a

text: product

text: 's

text: creation

question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?

answer: Regis McKenna

text: Regis McKenna

question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Macintosh launch plan?

answer: primary authors

text: primary authors

question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Apple?

answer: John Sculley

text: John Sculley

question: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?

answer: Pepsi

text: Pepsi

question: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?

answer: a mystique

text: a mystique


text: Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Some

text: rock

text: musicians

text: today

text: use

text: mandolins

text: often

text: single

text: stringed

text: electric

text: models

text: rather

text: than

text: double

text: stringed

text: acoustic

text: mandolins

text: One

text: example

text: is

text: Tim

text: Brennan

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: American

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: Dropkick

text: Murphys

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: electric

text: guitar

text: bass

text: and

text: drums

text: the

text: band

text: uses

text: several

text: instruments

text: associated

text: with

text: traditional

text: Celtic

text: music

text: including

text: mandolin

text: tin

text: whistle

text: and

text: Great

text: Highland

text: bagpipes

text: The

text: band

text: explains

text: that

text: these

text: instruments

text: accentuate

text: the

text: growling

text: sound

text: they

text: favor

text: The

text: R.E.M.

text: hit

text: Losing

text: My

text: Religion

text: was

text: driven

text: by

text: a

text: few

text: simple

text: mandolin

text: licks

text: played

text: by

text: guitarist

text: Peter

text: Buck

text: who

text: also

text: played

text: the

text: mandolin

text: in

text: nearly

text: a

text: dozen

text: other

text: songs

text: The

text: single

text: peaked

text: at

text: No

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: chart

text: on

text: the

text: rock

text: and

text: alternative

text: charts

text: Luther

text: Dickinson

text: of

text: North

text: Mississippi

text: Allstars

text: and

text: The

text: Black

text: Crowes

text: has

text: made

text: frequent

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: mandolin

text: most

text: notably

text: on

text: the

text: Black

text: Crowes

text: song

text: Locust

text: Street

text: Armenian

text: American

text: rock

text: group

text: System

text: of

text: A

text: Down

text: makes

text: extensive

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: mandolin

text: on

text: their

text: double

text: album

text: Mezmerize

text: Hypnotize

text: Pop

text: punk

text: band

text: Green

text: Day

text: has

text: used

text: a

text: mandolin

text: in

text: several

text: occasions

text: especially

text: on

text: their

text: album

text: Warning

text: Boyd

text: Tinsley

text: violin

text: player

text: of

text: the

text: Dave

text: Matthews

text: Band

text: has

text: been

text: using

text: an

text: electric

text: mandolin

text: since

text: Frontman

text: Colin

text: Meloy

text: and

text: guitarist

text: Chris

text: Funk

text: of

text: The

text: Decemberists

text: regularly

text: employ

text: the

text: mandolin

text: in

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: music

text: Nancy

text: Wilson

text: rhythm

text: guitarist

text: of

text: Heart

text: uses

text: a

text: mandolin

text: in

text: Heart

text: 's

text: song

text: Dream

text: of

text: the

text: Archer

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: Little

text: Queen

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Heart

text: 's

text: cover

text: of

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: 's

text: song

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Evermore

text: Show

text: Me

text: Heaven

text: by

text: Maria

text: McKee

text: the

text: theme

text: song

text: to

text: the

text: film

text: Days

text: of

text: Thunder

text: prominently

text: features

text: a

text: mandolin

question: What type of mandolin do rock musicians today use?

answer: single-stringed electric

text: single-stringed electric

question: Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?

answer: Dropkick Murphys

text: Dropkick Murphys

question: What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?

answer: Losing My Religion

text: Losing My Religion

question: What American rock band has extensive use of mandolins?

answer: System of A Down

text: System of A Down

question: What film's theme song uses a mandolin?

answer: Days of Thunder

text: Days of Thunder


text: In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The PLO also recognized Israel's right to exist and pledged an end to terrorism. In 1994, the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel. Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli settlements and checkpoints, and the deterioration of economic conditions. Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by Palestinian suicide attacks. Finally, while leaving a peace rally in November 1995, Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: In

text: Yitzhak

text: Rabin

text: became

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: following

text: an

text: election

text: in

text: which

text: his

text: party

text: called

text: for

text: compromise

text: with

text: Israel

text: 's

text: neighbors

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Shimon

text: Peres

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: Israel

text: and

text: Mahmoud

text: Abbas

text: for

text: the

text: PLO

text: signed

text: the

text: Oslo

text: Accords

text: which

text: gave

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: National

text: Authority

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: govern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: The

text: PLO

text: also

text: recognized

text: Israel

text: 's

text: right

text: to

text: exist

text: and

text: pledged

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: terrorism

text: In

text: the

text: Israel

text: Jordan

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Peace

text: was

text: signed

text: making

text: Jordan

text: the

text: second

text: Arab

text: country

text: to

text: normalize

text: relations

text: with

text: Israel

text: Arab

text: public

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Accords

text: was

text: damaged

text: by

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: and

text: checkpoints

text: and

text: the

text: deterioration

text: of

text: economic

text: conditions

text: Israeli

text: public

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Accords

text: waned

text: as

text: Israel

text: was

text: struck

text: by

text: Palestinian

text: suicide

text: attacks

text: Finally

text: while

text: leaving

text: a

text: peace

text: rally

text: in

text: November

text: Yitzhak

text: Rabin

text: was

text: assassinated

text: by

text: a

text: far

text: right

text: wing

text: Jew

text: who

text: opposed

text: the

text: Accords

question: Who became the Prime Minister in 1992?

answer: Yitzhak Rabin

text: Yitzhak Rabin

question: When was the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace signed?

answer: 1994

question: When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated?

answer: November 1995

text: November 1995


text: Quoted at constant 2002 prices, GDP fell from £12 million in 1999-2000 to £11 million in 2005-06. Imports are mainly from the UK and South Africa and amounted to £6.4 million in 2004-05 (quoted on an FOB basis). Exports are much smaller, amounting to £0.2 million in 2004-05. Exports are mainly fish and coffee; Philatelic sales were £0.06 million in 2004-05. The limited number of visiting tourists spent about £0.4 million in 2004-05, representing a contribution to GDP of 3%.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Quoted

text: at

text: constant

text: prices

text: GDP

text: fell

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: Imports

text: are

text: mainly

text: from

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: amounted

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: quoted

text: on

text: an

text: FOB

text: basis

text: Exports

text: are

text: much

text: smaller

text: amounting

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: Exports

text: are

text: mainly

text: fish

text: and

text: coffee

text: Philatelic

text: sales

text: were

text: million

text: in

text: The

text: limited

text: number

text: of

text: visiting

text: tourists

text: spent

text: about

text: million

text: in

text: representing

text: a

text: contribution

text: to

text: GDP

text: of

question: What was the GDP of the island in 1999-2000?

answer: £12 million

text: £12 million

question: By 2006 the GDP had dropped to what?

answer: £11 million

text: £11 million

question: Imports to the island mostly occur from what countries?

answer: the UK and South Africa

text: the UK and South Africa

question: What are the main exports of the island?

answer: fish and coffee

text: fish and coffee

question: Tourists spent how much in  2004-05?

answer: £0.4 million

text: £0.4 million


text: Another format, rhythmic AC, in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music, past and present, places a heavy emphasis on disco as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits, such as those by Amber, C&C Music Factory and Black Box, and includes dance remixes of pop songs, such as the Soul Solution mix of Toni Braxton's "Unbreak My Heart".

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Another

text: format

text: rhythmic

text: AC

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: playing

text: all

text: the

text: popular

text: hot

text: and

text: soft

text: AC

text: music

text: past

text: and

text: present

text: places

text: a

text: heavy

text: emphasis

text: on

text: disco

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: and

text: dance

text: hits

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: by

text: Amber

text: C&C

text: Music

text: Factory

text: and

text: Black

text: Box

text: and

text: includes

text: dance

text: remixes

text: of

text: pop

text: songs

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Soul

text: Solution

text: mix

text: of

text: Toni

text: Braxton

text: 's

text: Unbreak

text: My

text: Heart

question: Who performed the song "Unbreak My Heart"?

answer: Toni Braxton

text: Toni Braxton

question: What is the name of a notable dance artist along with C&C Music Factory and Black Box?

answer: Amber

text: Amber

question: What radio station format plays soft AC, hot AC, disco and dance?

answer: rhythmic AC

text: rhythmic AC

question: What artist notably remixed "Unbreak My Heart"?

answer: Soul Solution

text: Soul Solution


text: Napoleon's use of propaganda contributed to his rise to power, legitimated his régime, and established his image for posterity. Strict censorship, controlling aspects of the press, books, theater, and art, was part of his propaganda scheme, aimed at portraying him as bringing desperately wanted peace and stability to France. The propagandistic rhetoric changed in relation to events and to the atmosphere of Napoleon's reign, focusing first on his role as a general in the army and identification as a soldier, and moving to his role as emperor and a civil leader. Specifically targeting his civilian audience, Napoleon fostered an important, though uneasy, relationship with the contemporary art community, taking an active role in commissioning and controlling different forms of art production to suit his propaganda goals.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: use

text: of

text: propaganda

text: contributed

text: to

text: his

text: rise

text: to

text: power

text: legitimated

text: his

text: régime

text: and

text: established

text: his

text: image

text: for

text: posterity

text: Strict

text: censorship

text: controlling

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: press

text: books

text: theater

text: and

text: art

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: propaganda

text: scheme

text: aimed

text: at

text: portraying

text: him

text: as

text: bringing

text: desperately

text: wanted

text: peace

text: and

text: stability

text: to

text: France

text: The

text: propagandistic

text: rhetoric

text: changed

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: events

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: reign

text: focusing

text: first

text: on

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: general

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: identification

text: as

text: a

text: soldier

text: and

text: moving

text: to

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: emperor

text: and

text: a

text: civil

text: leader

text: Specifically

text: targeting

text: his

text: civilian

text: audience

text: Napoleon

text: fostered

text: an

text: important

text: though

text: uneasy

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: contemporary

text: art

text: community

text: taking

text: an

text: active

text: role

text: in

text: commissioning

text: and

text: controlling

text: different

text: forms

text: of

text: art

text: production

text: to

text: suit

text: his

text: propaganda

text: goals

question: Napoleon's skillful employment of what technique aided his rise to power, legitimized his rule, and improved his posthumous reputation?

answer: propaganda

text: propaganda

question: Napoleon employed what practice in controlling aspects of the media, books, and the arts?

answer: censorship

text: censorship

question: Napoleon's propaganda plan was aimed at showing him as attempting to bring peace and stability to what country?

answer: France

text: France

question: Napoleon created a relationship with the art community to commission work specifically targeting what segment of his audience?

answer: civilian

text: civilian


text: In the beginning, the Quran did not have vocalization markings. The system of vocalization, as we know it today, seems to have been introduced towards the end of the ninth century. Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make them accessible to people. These copies frequently took the form of a series of 30 parts or juzʼ. In terms of productivity, the Ottoman copyists provide the best example. This was in response to widespread demand, unpopularity of printing methods and for aesthetic reasons.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: In

text: the

text: beginning

text: the

text: Quran

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: vocalization

text: markings

text: The

text: system

text: of

text: vocalization

text: as

text: we

text: know

text: it

text: today

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: Since

text: it

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: too

text: costly

text: for

text: most

text: Muslims

text: to

text: purchase

text: a

text: manuscript

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: mosques

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: make

text: them

text: accessible

text: to

text: people

text: These

text: copies

text: frequently

text: took

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: parts

text: or

text: juzʼ.

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: productivity

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: copyists

text: provide

text: the

text: best

text: example

text: This

text: was

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: widespread

text: demand

text: unpopularity

text: of

text: printing

text: methods

text: and

text: for

text: aesthetic

text: reasons

question: In which century were vocalization marking added to the Quran?

answer: ninth century

text: ninth century

question: Where were Quran copies kept for those who could not afford their own?

answer: mosques

text: mosques

question: What are the parts of the Quran called that are 30 in total?

answer: juzʼ

text: juzʼ

question: Which group of Quran copyists produced the most in-demand manuscripts?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman


text: The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: are

text: today

text: funded

text: by

text: approximately

text: billion

text: annually

text: and

text: are

text: presently

text: ranked

text: in

text: size

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: other

text: armed

text: forces

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: total

text: personnel

text: and

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: active

text: personnel

text: standing

text: at

text: a

text: strength

text: of

text: roughly

text: plus

text: reservists

text: Rangers

text: and

text: supplementary

text: reserves

text: bringing

text: the

text: total

text: force

text: to

text: approximately

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: primary

text: reserve

text: personnel

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: go

text: up

text: to

text: by

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: active

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: In

text: addition

text: rangers

text: and

text: supplementary

text: personnel

text: will

text: be

text: serving

text: If

text: this

text: happens

text: the

text: total

text: strength

text: would

text: be

text: around

text: These

text: individuals

text: serve

text: on

text: numerous

text: CF

text: bases

text: located

text: in

text: all

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Regulations

text: and

text: Orders

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Defence

text: Act

question: What is Today's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?

answer: approximately $20.1 billion

text: approximately $20.1 billion

question: How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?

answer: 74th in size

text: 74th in size

question: What is the total force of the Canadian Forces?

answer: approximately 119,000

text: approximately 119,000

question: By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?

answer: 2020

question: What is the total amount of Canadian Forces estimated to be in 2020?

answer: around 124,000

text: around 124,000


text: The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: organ

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: Harrison

text: Harrison

text: in

text: then

text: with

text: four

text: manuals

text: and

text: speaking

text: stops

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: at

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: King

text: George

text: VI

text: Some

text: pipework

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: Hill

text: organ

text: of

text: was

text: revoiced

text: and

text: incorporated

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: scheme

text: The

text: two

text: organ

text: cases

text: designed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: by

text: John

text: Loughborough

text: Pearson

text: were

text: re

text: instated

text: and

text: coloured

text: in

question: Who built the organ?

answer: Harrison & Harrison

text: Harrison & Harrison

question: When was the organ built?

answer: 1937

question: When was the organ first used?

answer: the coronation of King George VI

text: the coronation of King George VI

question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848?

answer: pipework

text: pipework

question: Who designed the two organ cases?

answer: John Loughborough Pearson

text: John Loughborough Pearson


text: Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and cables with a standard meant to be future-proof, similar to Apple Lightning and Thunderbolt. The 24-pin double-sided connector provides four power/ground pairs, two differential pairs for USB 2.0 data bus (though only one pair is implemented in a Type-C cable), four pairs for high-speed data bus, two "sideband use" pins, and two configuration pins for cable orientation detection, dedicated biphase mark code (BMC) configuration data channel, and VCONN +5 V power for active cables. Type-A and Type-B adaptors and cables are required for older devices to plug into Type-C hosts. Adapters and cables with a Type-C receptacle are not allowed.[citation needed]

title: USB

title: USB

text: Developed

text: at

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: but

text: distinct

text: from

text: it

text: the

text: USB

text: Type

text: C

text: Specification

text: was

text: finalized

text: in

text: August

text: and

text: defines

text: a

text: new

text: small

text: reversible

text: plug

text: connector

text: for

text: USB

text: devices

text: The

text: Type

text: C

text: plug

text: connects

text: to

text: both

text: hosts

text: and

text: devices

text: replacing

text: various

text: Type

text: A

text: and

text: Type

text: B

text: connectors

text: and

text: cables

text: with

text: a

text: standard

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: future

text: proof

text: similar

text: to

text: Apple

text: Lightning

text: and

text: Thunderbolt

text: The

text: double

text: sided

text: connector

text: provides

text: four

text: power

text: ground

text: pairs

text: two

text: differential

text: pairs

text: for

text: USB

text: data

text: bus

text: though

text: only

text: one

text: pair

text: is

text: implemented

text: in

text: a

text: Type

text: C

text: cable

text: four

text: pairs

text: for

text: high

text: speed

text: data

text: bus

text: two

text: sideband

text: use

text: pins

text: and

text: two

text: configuration

text: pins

text: for

text: cable

text: orientation

text: detection

text: dedicated

text: biphase

text: mark

text: code

text: BMC

text: configuration

text: data

text: channel

text: and

text: VCONN

text: V

text: power

text: for

text: active

text: cables

text: Type

text: A

text: and

text: Type

text: B

text: adaptors

text: and

text: cables

text: are

text: required

text: for

text: older

text: devices

text: to

text: plug

text: into

text: Type

text: C

text: hosts

text: Adapters

text: and

text: cables

text: with

text: a

text: Type

text: C

text: receptacle

text: are

text: not

text: allowed.[citation

text: needed

question: When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized?

answer: August 2014

text: August 2014

question: What defined a new reversible-plug connector for USB devices?

answer: USB Type-C Specification 1.0

text: USB Type-C Specification 1.0

question: What does Type-C connect to?

answer: both hosts and devices

text: both hosts and devices

question: What connector provides four power/ground pairs?

answer: The 24-pin double-sided connector

text: The 24-pin double-sided connector


text: The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869. Today, it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival. Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2014. In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: tradition

text: of

text: Estonian

text: Song

text: Festivals

text: Laulupidu

text: started

text: at

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Estonian

text: national

text: awakening

text: in

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: amateur

text: choral

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: about

text: people

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Song

text: Festival

text: Since

text: the

text: Tallinn

text: Song

text: Festival

text: Grounds

text: Lauluväljak

text: have

text: hosted

text: the

text: event

text: every

text: five

text: years

text: in

text: July

text: The

text: last

text: festival

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: July

text: In

text: addition

text: Youth

text: Song

text: Festivals

text: are

text: also

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: them

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: next

text: is

text: scheduled

text: for

question: What name describes the Estonian Song Festivals?

answer: Laulupidu

text: Laulupidu

question: What year did the tradition of Laulupidu start?

answer: 1869

question: How many people celebrated Laulupidu in 2004?

answer: about 100,000 people

text: about 100,000 people

question: Where does Laulupidu usually take place?

answer: the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds

text: the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds

question: When does Laulupidu occur?

answer: every five years in July

text: every five years in July


text: In the days following the disaster, an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings. Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: following

text: the

text: disaster

text: an

text: international

text: reconnaissance

text: team

text: of

text: engineers

text: was

text: dispatched

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: detailed

text: preliminary

text: survey

text: of

text: damaged

text: buildings

text: Their

text: findings

text: show

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: reasons

text: why

text: many

text: constructions

text: failed

text: to

text: withstand

text: the

text: earthquake

question: What happened days following the disaster?

answer: an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region

text: an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region

question: What did the team of engineers do?

answer: make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings

text: make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings

question: What did their findings show?

answer: a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.

text: a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.

question: After the quake what kind of international team was sent to the area?

answer: team of engineers

text: team of engineers

question: What was the team sent to China to make?

answer: survey of damaged buildings

text: survey of damaged buildings

question: What kind of reasons do their findings show?

answer: variety of reasons

text: variety of reasons


text: In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law, and on October 4, the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade. Transport communications between Azerbaijan and Armenia never fully recovered. Tensions continued to escalate and on December 29, Popular Front activists seized local party offices in Jalilabad, wounding dozens.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: a

text: new

text: and

text: effective

text: tactic

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: launched

text: a

text: rail

text: blockade

text: of

text: Armenia

text: which

text: caused

text: petrol

text: and

text: food

text: shortages

text: because

text: percent

text: of

text: Armenia

text: 's

text: freight

text: came

text: from

text: Azerbaijan

text: Under

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: the

text: Communist

text: authorities

text: in

text: Azerbaijan

text: started

text: making

text: concessions

text: On

text: September

text: they

text: passed

text: a

text: sovereignty

text: law

text: that

text: gave

text: precedence

text: to

text: Azerbaijani

text: law

text: and

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: was

text: permitted

text: to

text: register

text: as

text: a

text: legal

text: organization

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: it

text: lifted

text: the

text: blockade

text: Transport

text: communications

text: between

text: Azerbaijan

text: and

text: Armenia

text: never

text: fully

text: recovered

text: Tensions

text: continued

text: to

text: escalate

text: and

text: on

text: December

text: Popular

text: Front

text: activists

text: seized

text: local

text: party

text: offices

text: in

text: Jalilabad

text: wounding

text: dozens

question: What did the Popular Front do to Armenian railways?

answer: blockade

text: blockade

question: What shortages were caused by the blockade?

answer: petrol and food

text: petrol and food

question: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan?

answer: 85 percent

text: 85 percent

question: When was the sovereignty law passed?

answer: September 25

text: September 25

question: What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front?

answer: local party offices

text: local party offices


text: After the capitulation of Axis forces in North Africa, Eisenhower oversaw the highly successful invasion of Sicily. Once Mussolini, the Italian leader, had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche. But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill, who both insisted on unconditional terms of surrender in exchange for helping the Italians, the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country – making the job more difficult, by adding 19 divisions and initially outnumbering the Allied forces 2 to 1; nevertheless, the invasion of Italy was highly successful.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: After

text: the

text: capitulation

text: of

text: Axis

text: forces

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: Eisenhower

text: oversaw

text: the

text: highly

text: successful

text: invasion

text: of

text: Sicily

text: Once

text: Mussolini

text: the

text: Italian

text: leader

text: had

text: fallen

text: in

text: Italy

text: the

text: Allies

text: switched

text: their

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: with

text: Operation

text: Avalanche

text: But

text: while

text: Eisenhower

text: argued

text: with

text: President

text: Roosevelt

text: and

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Churchill

text: who

text: both

text: insisted

text: on

text: unconditional

text: terms

text: of

text: surrender

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: helping

text: the

text: Italians

text: the

text: Germans

text: pursued

text: an

text: aggressive

text: buildup

text: of

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: making

text: the

text: job

text: more

text: difficult

text: by

text: adding

text: divisions

text: and

text: initially

text: outnumbering

text: the

text: Allied

text: forces

text: to

text: nevertheless

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Italy

text: was

text: highly

text: successful

question: What did the Allies invade after they conquered North Africa?

answer: Sicily

text: Sicily

question: What was the invasion of mainland Italy called?

answer: Operation Avalanche

text: Operation Avalanche

question: What was the initial ratio of Axis to Allied divisions in Italy?

answer: 2 to 1

text: 2 to 1

question: How many divisions did the Germans add to Italy?

answer: 19

question: Until he was deposed, who was the leader of Italy?

answer: Mussolini

text: Mussolini


text: Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: is

text: a

text: millenarian

text: restorationist

text: Christian

text: denomination

text: with

text: nontrinitarian

text: beliefs

text: distinct

text: from

text: mainstream

text: Christianity

text: The

text: group

text: claims

text: a

text: worldwide

text: membership

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: adherents

text: involved

text: in

text: evangelism

text: convention

text: attendance

text: figures

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: and

text: an

text: annual

text: Memorial

text: attendance

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: of

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: elders

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: New

text: York

text: which

text: establishes

text: all

text: doctrines

text: based

text: on

text: its

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: They

text: prefer

text: to

text: use

text: their

text: own

text: translation

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Translation

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Scriptures

text: although

text: their

text: literature

text: occasionally

text: quotes

text: and

text: cites

text: other

text: translations

text: They

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: world

text: system

text: at

text: Armageddon

text: is

text: imminent

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: kingdom

text: over

text: the

text: earth

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: solution

text: for

text: all

text: problems

text: faced

text: by

text: humanity

question: What are the Jehovah Witnesses?

answer: millenarian restorationist Christian denomination

text: millenarian restorationist Christian denomination

question: What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?

answer: mainstream Christianity

text: mainstream Christianity

question: How many adherents worldwide does the group claim?

answer: more than 8.2 million

text: more than 8.2 million

question: Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?

answer: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

text: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

question: Where are the group elders located?

answer: Brooklyn, New York

text: Brooklyn, New York


text: J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody." Temperley opines that these works, which contain "immense variety of mood, thematic material and structural detail", are based on an extended "departure and return" form; "the more the middle section is extended, and the further it departs in key, mood and theme, from the opening idea, the more important and dramatic is the reprise when it at last comes."

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: J.

text: Barrie

text: Jones

text: suggests

text: that

text: amongst

text: the

text: works

text: that

text: Chopin

text: intended

text: for

text: concert

text: use

text: the

text: four

text: ballades

text: and

text: four

text: scherzos

text: stand

text: supreme

text: and

text: adds

text: that

text: the

text: Barcarolle

text: Op

text: stands

text: apart

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: rich

text: harmonic

text: palette

text: coupled

text: with

text: an

text: Italianate

text: warmth

text: of

text: melody

text: Temperley

text: opines

text: that

text: these

text: works

text: which

text: contain

text: immense

text: variety

text: of

text: mood

text: thematic

text: material

text: and

text: structural

text: detail

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: extended

text: departure

text: and

text: return

text: form

text: the

text: more

text: the

text: middle

text: section

text: is

text: extended

text: and

text: the

text: further

text: it

text: departs

text: in

text: key

text: mood

text: and

text: theme

text: from

text: the

text: opening

text: idea

text: the

text: more

text: important

text: and

text: dramatic

text: is

text: the

text: reprise

text: when

text: it

text: at

text: last

text: comes

question: What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette?

answer: the Barcarolle Op. 60

text: the Barcarolle Op. 60

question: What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces?

answer: the four ballades and four scherzos

text: the four ballades and four scherzos

question: What form does Temperley feel that Chopin's ballades and scherzos are based on?

answer: departure and return

text: departure and return


text: Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Sociocultural

text: anthropology

text: has

text: been

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: structuralist

text: and

text: postmodern

text: theories

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: shift

text: toward

text: the

text: analysis

text: of

text: modern

text: societies

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: epistemological

text: shift

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: positivist

text: traditions

text: that

text: had

text: largely

text: informed

text: the

text: discipline.[page

text: needed

text: During

text: this

text: shift

text: enduring

text: questions

text: about

text: the

text: nature

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: knowledge

text: came

text: to

text: occupy

text: a

text: central

text: place

text: in

text: cultural

text: and

text: social

text: anthropology

text: In

text: contrast

text: archaeology

text: and

text: biological

text: anthropology

text: remained

text: largely

text: positivist

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: difference

text: in

text: epistemology

text: the

text: four

text: sub

text: fields

text: of

text: anthropology

text: have

text: lacked

text: cohesion

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: several

text: decades

question: What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?

answer: structuralist and postmodern theories

text: structuralist and postmodern theories

question: When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?

answer: During the 1970s and 1990s

text: During the 1970s and 1990s

question: What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?

answer: nature and production of knowledge

text: nature and production of knowledge

question: What two fields remained largely positivist?

answer: archaeology and biological anthropology

text: archaeology and biological anthropology

question: What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?

answer: cohesion

text: cohesion


text: In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: In

text: France

text: started

text: its

text: transmissions

text: with

text: an

text: lines

text: system

text: with

text: active

text: lines

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: monochrome

text: only

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: only

text: on

text: VHF

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: French

text: TV

text: channel

text: It

text: was

text: discontinued

text: in

question: In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?

answer: 1949

question: What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?

answer: France

text: France

question: What did France start transmissions with in 1949?

answer: an 819 lines system

text: an 819 lines system

question: Was France's 819 line system in color?

answer: monochrome only

text: monochrome only

question: When was France's 819 line system discontinued?

answer: 1983


text: However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah fought in the Battle of Yarmouk. The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: However

text: many

text: early

text: history

text: books

text: like

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Conquest

text: of

text: Syria

text: Fatuhusham

text: by

text: al

text: Imam

text: al

text: Waqidi

text: state

text: that

text: after

text: the

text: conversion

text: to

text: Islam

text: Muawiyah

text: 's

text: father

text: Abu

text: Sufyan

text: ibn

text: Harb

text: and

text: his

text: brothers

text: Yazid

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Sufyan

text: were

text: appointed

text: as

text: commanders

text: in

text: the

text: Muslim

text: armies

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: Muawiyah

text: Abu

text: Sufyan

text: ibn

text: Harb

text: Yazid

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Sufyan

text: and

text: Hind

text: bint

text: Utbah

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Yarmouk

text: The

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Emperor

text: Heraclius

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Yarmouk

text: opened

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: Muslim

text: expansion

text: into

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: Syria

question: What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk?

answer: Byzantine

text: Byzantine

question: Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk?

answer: Heraclius

text: Heraclius

question: Along with Syria, where did the Muslims extend their control after the Battle of Yarmouk?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem

question: Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan?

answer: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

text: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

question: Along with Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, what notable Muslim participated in the Battle of Yarmouk?

answer: Hind bint Utbah

text: Hind bint Utbah


text: Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often served after Tarawih prayers; sometimes as late as 11 pm.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Qado

text: or

text: lunch

text: is

text: often

text: elaborate

text: Varieties

text: of

text: bariis

text: rice

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: probably

text: being

text: basmati

text: usually

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: dish

text: Spices

text: like

text: cumin

text: cardamom

text: cloves

text: cinnamon

text: and

text: garden

text: sage

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: aromatize

text: these

text: different

text: rice

text: delicacies

text: Somalis

text: eat

text: dinner

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: pm

text: During

text: Ramadan

text: supper

text: is

text: often

text: served

text: after

text: Tarawih

text: prayers

text: sometimes

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: pm

question: What is the English word for qado?

answer: lunch

text: lunch

question: What is bariis in English?

answer: rice

text: rice

question: What is the most popular variety of bariis?

answer: basmati

text: basmati

question: When is the latest a Somali might eat dinner during Ramadan?

answer: 11 pm

text: 11 pm

question: After what event during Ramadan is dinner served?

answer: Tarawih prayers

text: Tarawih prayers


text: The root system and the shoot system are interdependent – the usually nonphotosynthetic root system depends on the shoot system for food, and the usually photosynthetic shoot system depends on water and minerals from the root system. Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventitious shoots or roots. Stolons and tubers are examples of shoots that can grow roots. Roots that spread out close to the surface, such as those of willows, can produce shoots and ultimately new plants. In the event that one of the systems is lost, the other can often regrow it. In fact it is possible to grow an entire plant from a single leaf, as is the case with Saintpaulia, or even a single cell – which can dedifferentiate into a callus (a mass of unspecialised cells) that can grow into a new plant. In vascular plants, the xylem and phloem are the conductive tissues that transport resources between shoots and roots. Roots are often adapted to store food such as sugars or starch, as in sugar beets and carrots.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: root

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: shoot

text: system

text: are

text: interdependent

text: the

text: usually

text: nonphotosynthetic

text: root

text: system

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: shoot

text: system

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: the

text: usually

text: photosynthetic

text: shoot

text: system

text: depends

text: on

text: water

text: and

text: minerals

text: from

text: the

text: root

text: system

text: Cells

text: in

text: each

text: system

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: creating

text: cells

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: and

text: producing

text: adventitious

text: shoots

text: or

text: roots

text: Stolons

text: and

text: tubers

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: shoots

text: that

text: can

text: grow

text: roots

text: Roots

text: that

text: spread

text: out

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: willows

text: can

text: produce

text: shoots

text: and

text: ultimately

text: new

text: plants

text: In

text: the

text: event

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: systems

text: is

text: lost

text: the

text: other

text: can

text: often

text: regrow

text: it

text: In

text: fact

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: grow

text: an

text: entire

text: plant

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: leaf

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: Saintpaulia

text: or

text: even

text: a

text: single

text: cell

text: which

text: can

text: dedifferentiate

text: into

text: a

text: callus

text: a

text: mass

text: of

text: unspecialised

text: cells

text: that

text: can

text: grow

text: into

text: a

text: new

text: plant

text: In

text: vascular

text: plants

text: the

text: xylem

text: and

text: phloem

text: are

text: the

text: conductive

text: tissues

text: that

text: transport

text: resources

text: between

text: shoots

text: and

text: roots

text: Roots

text: are

text: often

text: adapted

text: to

text: store

text: food

text: such

text: as

text: sugars

text: or

text: starch

text: as

text: in

text: sugar

text: beets

text: and

text: carrots

question: Do the roots and shoots need each other?

answer: interdependent

text: interdependent

question: What do the roots get from the shoots?

answer: food

text: food

question: What are roots used for in beets and carrots?

answer: to store food

text: to store food

question: What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots?

answer: can often regrow it

text: can often regrow it

question: What do the shoots get from the roots?

answer: water and minerals

text: water and minerals


text: Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social risk. Some qualities of adolescents' lives that are often correlated with risky sexual behavior include higher rates of experienced abuse, lower rates of parental support and monitoring. Adolescence is also commonly a time of questioning sexuality and gender. This may involve intimate experimentation with people identifying as the same gender as well as with people of differing genders. Such exploratory sexual behavior can be seen as similar to other aspects of identity, including the exploration of vocational, social, and leisure identity, all of which involve some risk.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Given

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: engaging

text: in

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: is

text: somewhat

text: risky

text: particularly

text: for

text: adolescents

text: Having

text: unprotected

text: sex

text: using

text: poor

text: birth

text: control

text: methods

text: e.g.

text: withdrawal

text: having

text: multiple

text: sexual

text: partners

text: and

text: poor

text: communication

text: are

text: some

text: aspects

text: of

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: that

text: increase

text: individual

text: and/or

text: social

text: risk

text: Some

text: qualities

text: of

text: adolescents

text: lives

text: that

text: are

text: often

text: correlated

text: with

text: risky

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: include

text: higher

text: rates

text: of

text: experienced

text: abuse

text: lower

text: rates

text: of

text: parental

text: support

text: and

text: monitoring

text: Adolescence

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: questioning

text: sexuality

text: and

text: gender

text: This

text: may

text: involve

text: intimate

text: experimentation

text: with

text: people

text: identifying

text: as

text: the

text: same

text: gender

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: people

text: of

text: differing

text: genders

text: Such

text: exploratory

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: similar

text: to

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: identity

text: including

text: the

text: exploration

text: of

text: vocational

text: social

text: and

text: leisure

text: identity

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: involve

text: some

text: risk

question: What is an example of a poor birth control method?

answer: withdrawal

text: withdrawal

question: Are higher or lower levels of parental support associated with risky sexual behavior?

answer: lower

text: lower

question: Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity?

answer: similar

text: similar

question: Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?

answer: increase

text: increase


text: Some regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto independent since the 18th century. Formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia. In the 1890s the term tended to focus on the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia. The demise of the sick man of Europe left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East". It is now generally used only in historical contexts, to describe the countries of Western Asia from the Mediterranean to (or including) Iran. There is, in short, no universally understood fixed inventory of nations, languages or historical assets defined to be in it.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Some

text: regions

text: beyond

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Porte

text: were

text: included

text: One

text: was

text: North

text: Africa

text: west

text: of

text: Egypt

text: It

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: piratical

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Barbary

text: Coast

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: Formerly

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: at

text: its

text: apogee

text: Iran

text: was

text: included

text: because

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: easily

text: be

text: reached

text: except

text: through

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: or

text: neighboring

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: term

text: tended

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: conflicts

text: in

text: the

text: Balkan

text: states

text: and

text: Armenia

text: The

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: sick

text: man

text: of

text: Europe

text: left

text: considerable

text: confusion

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: meant

text: by

text: Near

text: East

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: generally

text: used

text: only

text: in

text: historical

text: contexts

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Western

text: Asia

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: to

text: or

text: including

text: Iran

text: There

text: is

text: in

text: short

text: no

text: universally

text: understood

text: fixed

text: inventory

text: of

text: nations

text: languages

text: or

text: historical

text: assets

text: defined

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: it

question: What was one region included that was occupied by piratical kingdoms?

answer: North Africa west of Egypt

text: North Africa west of Egypt

question: Where were the piratical kingdoms from?

answer: Barbary Coast

text: Barbary Coast

question: Why was Iran included in the collection of regions?

answer: because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia

text: because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia

question: What did the term Near East focus on in the 1890s?

answer: the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia

text: the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia

question: The demise of what left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East"

answer: of the sick man of Europe

text: of the sick man of Europe


text: In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school system, and appoint new officials. Opposition from the bureaucracy was immediate and intense. Although she had been involved in the initial reforms, the empress dowager stepped in to call them off, arrested and executed several reformers, and took over day-to-day control of policy. Yet many of the plans stayed in place, and the goals of reform were implanted.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: these

text: external

text: defeats

text: the

text: Guangxu

text: Emperor

text: initiated

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Days

text: Reform

text: of

text: Newer

text: more

text: radical

text: advisers

text: such

text: as

text: Kang

text: Youwei

text: were

text: given

text: positions

text: of

text: influence

text: The

text: emperor

text: issued

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: edicts

text: and

text: plans

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: reorganize

text: the

text: bureaucracy

text: restructure

text: the

text: school

text: system

text: and

text: appoint

text: new

text: officials

text: Opposition

text: from

text: the

text: bureaucracy

text: was

text: immediate

text: and

text: intense

text: Although

text: she

text: had

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: initial

text: reforms

text: the

text: empress

text: dowager

text: stepped

text: in

text: to

text: call

text: them

text: off

text: arrested

text: and

text: executed

text: several

text: reformers

text: and

text: took

text: over

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: control

text: of

text: policy

text: Yet

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: plans

text: stayed

text: in

text: place

text: and

text: the

text: goals

text: of

text: reform

text: were

text: implanted

question: What did the emperor do in response to so many defeats by the Europeans?

answer: Hundred Days' Reform of 1898

text: Hundred Days' Reform of 1898

question: Name an advisor to Guangxu?

answer: Kang Youwei

text: Kang Youwei

question: Who took over the policy of China?

answer: empress dowager

text: empress dowager


text: Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Army occupied Obersalzberg, to prevent Hitler from retreating with the Wehrmacht into the mountains.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Austrian

text: born

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: had

text: a

text: lifelong

text: romantic

text: fascination

text: with

text: the

text: Alps

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: established

text: a

text: home

text: in

text: the

text: Obersalzberg

text: region

text: outside

text: of

text: Berchtesgaden

text: His

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: was

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: maintained

text: a

text: strong

text: tie

text: there

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: US

text: Army

text: occupied

text: Obersalzberg

text: to

text: prevent

text: Hitler

text: from

text: retreating

text: with

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: into

text: the

text: mountains

question: Where was Adolf Hitler born?

answer: Austrian

text: Austrian

question: What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps

question: Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s?

answer: the Obersalzberg region

text: the Obersalzberg region

question: When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps?

answer: 1923


text: Hindu philosophy also includes several sub-schools of theistic philosophies that integrate ideas from two or more of the six orthodox philosophies, such as the realism of the Nyāya, the naturalism of the Vaiśeṣika, the dualism of the Sāṅkhya, the monism and knowledge of Self as essential to liberation of Advaita, the self-discipline of yoga and the asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. Examples of such schools include Pāśupata Śaiva, Śaiva siddhānta, Pratyabhijña, Raseśvara and Vaiṣṇava. Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions. The ideas of these sub-schools are found in the Puranas and Āgamas.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Hindu

text: philosophy

text: also

text: includes

text: several

text: sub

text: schools

text: of

text: theistic

text: philosophies

text: that

text: integrate

text: ideas

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: orthodox

text: philosophies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: realism

text: of

text: the

text: Nyāya

text: the

text: naturalism

text: of

text: the

text: Vaiśeṣika

text: the

text: dualism

text: of

text: the

text: Sāṅkhya

text: the

text: monism

text: and

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Self

text: as

text: essential

text: to

text: liberation

text: of

text: Advaita

text: the

text: self

text: discipline

text: of

text: yoga

text: and

text: the

text: asceticism

text: and

text: elements

text: of

text: theistic

text: ideas

text: Examples

text: of

text: such

text: schools

text: include

text: Pāśupata

text: Śaiva

text: Śaiva

text: siddhānta

text: Pratyabhijña

text: Raseśvara

text: and

text: Vaiṣṇava

text: Some

text: sub

text: schools

text: share

text: Tantric

text: ideas

text: with

text: those

text: found

text: in

text: some

text: Buddhist

text: traditions

text: The

text: ideas

text: of

text: these

text: sub

text: schools

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Puranas

text: and

text: Āgamas

question: How many orthodox philosophies are in Hindu?

answer: six

text: six

question: Which orthodox Hindu philosophy concerns realism?

answer: Nyāya

text: Nyāya

question: What Hindu philosophy is about naturalism?

answer: Vaiśeṣika

text: Vaiśeṣika

question: Which Hindu philosophy concerns dualism?

answer: Sāṅkhya

text: Sāṅkhya

question: What Hindu philosophy stresses self knowledge?

answer: Advaita

text: Advaita


text: One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September 2012, and began service for testing and training. On 24 or 25 November 2012, Liaoning successfully launched and recovered several Shenyang J-15 jet fighter aircraft. She is classified as a training ship, intended to allow the navy to practice with carrier usage. On 26 December 2012, the People's Daily reported that it will take four to five years for Liaoning to reach full capacity, mainly due to training and coordination which will take significant amount of time for Chinese PLA Navy to complete as this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession. As it is a training ship, Liaoning is not assigned to any of China's operation fleets.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: One

text: STOBAR

text: carrier

text: Liaoning

text: was

text: originally

text: built

text: as

text: the

text: tonne

text: Soviet

text: Admiral

text: Kuznetsov

text: class

text: carrier

text: Varyag

text: and

text: was

text: later

text: purchased

text: as

text: a

text: stripped

text: hulk

text: by

text: China

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: pretext

text: of

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: floating

text: casino

text: then

text: partially

text: rebuilt

text: and

text: towed

text: to

text: China

text: for

text: completion

text: Liaoning

text: was

text: commissioned

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: began

text: service

text: for

text: testing

text: and

text: training

text: On

text: or

text: November

text: Liaoning

text: successfully

text: launched

text: and

text: recovered

text: several

text: Shenyang

text: jet

text: fighter

text: aircraft

text: She

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: training

text: ship

text: intended

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: navy

text: to

text: practice

text: with

text: carrier

text: usage

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Daily

text: reported

text: that

text: it

text: will

text: take

text: four

text: to

text: five

text: years

text: for

text: Liaoning

text: to

text: reach

text: full

text: capacity

text: mainly

text: due

text: to

text: training

text: and

text: coordination

text: which

text: will

text: take

text: significant

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: for

text: Chinese

text: PLA

text: Navy

text: to

text: complete

text: as

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: in

text: their

text: possession

text: As

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: training

text: ship

text: Liaoning

text: is

text: not

text: assigned

text: to

text: any

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: operation

text: fleets

question: Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998?

answer: on the pretext of use as a floating casino

text: on the pretext of use as a floating casino

question: What is Liaoning classifed as?

answer: a training ship

text: a training ship

question: What is the Liaoning intended to help the navy practice with?

answer: carrier usage

text: carrier usage

question: Why is Liaoning not assigned to any of China's operation fleets?

answer: it is a training ship

text: it is a training ship

question: Why did the Chinese PLA Navy need 4-5 years for Liaoning to reach full capacity?

answer: this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession

text: this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession


text: Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively simple flowers. Adaptive speciation quickly gave rise to many diverse groups of plants, and, at the same time, corresponding speciation occurred in certain insect groups. Some groups of plants developed nectar and large sticky pollen, while insects evolved more specialized morphologies to access and collect these rich food sources. In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent, where the plant species can only be pollinated by one species of insect.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Symbiosis

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: co

text: evolution

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: and

text: the

text: animals

text: that

text: pollinate

text: them

text: Many

text: plants

text: that

text: are

text: pollinated

text: by

text: insects

text: bats

text: or

text: birds

text: have

text: highly

text: specialized

text: flowers

text: modified

text: to

text: promote

text: pollination

text: by

text: a

text: specific

text: pollinator

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: correspondingly

text: adapted

text: The

text: first

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: had

text: relatively

text: simple

text: flowers

text: Adaptive

text: speciation

text: quickly

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: many

text: diverse

text: groups

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: corresponding

text: speciation

text: occurred

text: in

text: certain

text: insect

text: groups

text: Some

text: groups

text: of

text: plants

text: developed

text: nectar

text: and

text: large

text: sticky

text: pollen

text: while

text: insects

text: evolved

text: more

text: specialized

text: morphologies

text: to

text: access

text: and

text: collect

text: these

text: rich

text: food

text: sources

text: In

text: some

text: taxa

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: insects

text: the

text: relationship

text: has

text: become

text: dependent

text: where

text: the

text: plant

text: species

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: pollinated

text: by

text: one

text: species

text: of

text: insect

question: How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators?

answer: a major role

text: a major role

question: What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple?

answer: nectar and large sticky pollen

text: nectar and large sticky pollen

question: What is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect?

answer: dependent

text: dependent


text: In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical platform dependent solutions. Nonetheless, few if any Unicode solutions have adopted these Unicode line and paragraph separators as the sole canonical line ending characters. However, a common approach to solving this issue is through newline normalization. This is achieved with the Cocoa text system in Mac OS X and also with W3C XML and HTML recommendations. In this approach every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline (which one does not really matter since it is an internal operation just for rendering). In other words, the text system can correctly treat the character as a newline, regardless of the input's actual encoding.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: newline

text: Unicode

text: introduced

text: LINE

text: SEPARATOR

text: and

text: PARAGRAPH

text: SEPARATOR

text: This

text: was

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: Unicode

text: solution

text: to

text: encoding

text: paragraphs

text: and

text: lines

text: semantically

text: potentially

text: replacing

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: platform

text: solutions

text: In

text: doing

text: so

text: Unicode

text: does

text: provide

text: a

text: way

text: around

text: the

text: historical

text: platform

text: dependent

text: solutions

text: Nonetheless

text: few

text: if

text: any

text: Unicode

text: solutions

text: have

text: adopted

text: these

text: Unicode

text: line

text: and

text: paragraph

text: separators

text: as

text: the

text: sole

text: canonical

text: line

text: ending

text: characters

text: However

text: a

text: common

text: approach

text: to

text: solving

text: this

text: issue

text: is

text: through

text: newline

text: normalization

text: This

text: is

text: achieved

text: with

text: the

text: Cocoa

text: text

text: system

text: in

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: and

text: also

text: with

text: XML

text: and

text: HTML

text: recommendations

text: In

text: this

text: approach

text: every

text: possible

text: newline

text: character

text: is

text: converted

text: internally

text: to

text: a

text: common

text: newline

text: which

text: one

text: does

text: not

text: really

text: matter

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: internal

text: operation

text: just

text: for

text: rendering

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: the

text: text

text: system

text: can

text: correctly

text: treat

text: the

text: character

text: as

text: a

text: newline

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: input

text: 's

text: actual

text: encoding

question: What is the code for separating lines?

answer: U+2028

question: What is the code for separating paragraphs?

answer: U+2029

question: How is newline normalization accomplished in Mac OS X?

answer: Cocoa text system

text: Cocoa text system

question: How does the newliine normallization format work?

answer: every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline

text: every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline


text: Other than by appearance, "Coloureds" can usually be distinguished from "Blacks" by language. Most speak Afrikaans or English as a first language, as opposed to Bantu languages such as Zulu or Xhosa. They also tend to have more European-sounding names than Bantu names.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Other

text: than

text: by

text: appearance

text: Coloureds

text: can

text: usually

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: Blacks

text: by

text: language

text: Most

text: speak

text: Afrikaans

text: or

text: English

text: as

text: a

text: first

text: language

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Zulu

text: or

text: Xhosa

text: They

text: also

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: more

text: European

text: sounding

text: names

text: than

text: Bantu

text: names

question: What is another way "Coloureds" can be distinguished from "Blacks"?

answer: language

text: language

question: What languages are most common?

answer: Afrikaans or English

text: Afrikaans or English

question: What are less common languages spoken?

answer: Zulu or Xhosa

text: Zulu or Xhosa

question: What types of names do "coloureds" have?

answer: European-sounding names

text: European-sounding names

question: What type of names do "blacks" have?

answer: Bantu names

text: Bantu names


text: The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: town

text: experienced

text: major

text: expansion

text: during

text: the

text: Victorian

text: era

text: The

text: Southampton

text: Docks

text: company

text: had

text: been

text: formed

text: in

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: foundation

text: stone

text: of

text: the

text: docks

text: was

text: laid

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: dock

text: opened

text: in

text: The

text: structural

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: of

text: docks

text: continued

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: decades

text: The

text: railway

text: link

text: to

text: London

text: was

text: fully

text: opened

text: in

text: May

text: Southampton

text: subsequently

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Gateway

text: to

text: the

text: Empire

question: In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?

answer: Victorian era

text: Victorian era

question: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?

answer: 1835

question: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?

answer: October

text: October

question: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?

answer: 1840

question: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?

answer: The Gateway to the Empire

text: The Gateway to the Empire


text: The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting. Publishing widely used standard metrics such as various CIE color spaces and the color rendering index.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: The

text: International

text: Commission

text: on

text: Illumination

text: CIE

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: authority

text: and

text: standard

text: defining

text: organization

text: on

text: color

text: and

text: lighting

text: Publishing

text: widely

text: used

text: standard

text: metrics

text: such

text: as

text: various

text: CIE

text: color

text: spaces

text: and

text: the

text: color

text: rendering

text: index

question: What does the CIE stand for?

answer: International Commission on Illumination

text: International Commission on Illumination


text: It has been proved that each class is strictly included into the next. For instance, testing when we assume that the behavior of the implementation under test can be denoted by a deterministic finite-state machine for some known finite sets of inputs and outputs and with some known number of states belongs to Class I (and all subsequent classes). However, if the number of states is not known, then it only belongs to all classes from Class II on. If the implementation under test must be a deterministic finite-state machine failing the specification for a single trace (and its continuations), and its number of states is unknown, then it only belongs to classes from Class III on. Testing temporal machines where transitions are triggered if inputs are produced within some real-bounded interval only belongs to classes from Class IV on, whereas testing many non-deterministic systems only belongs to Class V (but not all, and some even belong to Class I). The inclusion into Class I does not require the simplicity of the assumed computation model, as some testing cases involving implementations written in any programming language, and testing implementations defined as machines depending on continuous magnitudes, have been proved to be in Class I. Other elaborated cases, such as the testing framework by Matthew Hennessy under must semantics, and temporal machines with rational timeouts, belong to Class II.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: proved

text: that

text: each

text: class

text: is

text: strictly

text: included

text: into

text: the

text: next

text: For

text: instance

text: testing

text: when

text: we

text: assume

text: that

text: the

text: behavior

text: of

text: the

text: implementation

text: under

text: test

text: can

text: be

text: denoted

text: by

text: a

text: deterministic

text: finite

text: state

text: machine

text: for

text: some

text: known

text: finite

text: sets

text: of

text: inputs

text: and

text: outputs

text: and

text: with

text: some

text: known

text: number

text: of

text: states

text: belongs

text: to

text: Class

text: I

text: and

text: all

text: subsequent

text: classes

text: However

text: if

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: states

text: is

text: not

text: known

text: then

text: it

text: only

text: belongs

text: to

text: all

text: classes

text: from

text: Class

text: II

text: on

text: If

text: the

text: implementation

text: under

text: test

text: must

text: be

text: a

text: deterministic

text: finite

text: state

text: machine

text: failing

text: the

text: specification

text: for

text: a

text: single

text: trace

text: and

text: its

text: continuations

text: and

text: its

text: number

text: of

text: states

text: is

text: unknown

text: then

text: it

text: only

text: belongs

text: to

text: classes

text: from

text: Class

text: III

text: on

text: Testing

text: temporal

text: machines

text: where

text: transitions

text: are

text: triggered

text: if

text: inputs

text: are

text: produced

text: within

text: some

text: real

text: bounded

text: interval

text: only

text: belongs

text: to

text: classes

text: from

text: Class

text: IV

text: on

text: whereas

text: testing

text: many

text: non

text: deterministic

text: systems

text: only

text: belongs

text: to

text: Class

text: V

text: but

text: not

text: all

text: and

text: some

text: even

text: belong

text: to

text: Class

text: I

text: The

text: inclusion

text: into

text: Class

text: I

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: the

text: simplicity

text: of

text: the

text: assumed

text: computation

text: model

text: as

text: some

text: testing

text: cases

text: involving

text: implementations

text: written

text: in

text: any

text: programming

text: language

text: and

text: testing

text: implementations

text: defined

text: as

text: machines

text: depending

text: on

text: continuous

text: magnitudes

text: have

text: been

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: Class

text: I.

text: Other

text: elaborated

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: testing

text: framework

text: by

text: Matthew

text: Hennessy

text: under

text: must

text: semantics

text: and

text: temporal

text: machines

text: with

text: rational

text: timeouts

text: belong

text: to

text: Class

text: II

question: If the number of states is unknown, what group does this fall into?

answer: Class II

text: Class II

question: There are three classes, what has been concluded and proven for all classes?

answer: each class is strictly included into the next

text: each class is strictly included into the next

question: If the number of states are unknown and the finite state of the machine is failing for a single trace, which group does this fall into?

answer: Class III

text: Class III


text: Maintaining continuity with his predecessors, John XXIII continued the gradual reform of the Roman liturgy, and published changes that resulted in the 1962 Roman Missal, the last typical edition containing the Tridentine Mass established in 1570 by Pope Pius V at the request of the Council of Trent and whose continued use Pope Benedict XVI authorized in 2007, under the conditions indicated in his motu proprio Summorum Pontificum. In response to the directives of the Second Vatican Council, later editions of the Roman Missal present the 1970 form of the Roman Rite.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Maintaining

text: continuity

text: with

text: his

text: predecessors

text: John

text: XXIII

text: continued

text: the

text: gradual

text: reform

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: liturgy

text: and

text: published

text: changes

text: that

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Missal

text: the

text: last

text: typical

text: edition

text: containing

text: the

text: Tridentine

text: Mass

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: V

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

text: and

text: whose

text: continued

text: use

text: Pope

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: authorized

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: conditions

text: indicated

text: in

text: his

text: motu

text: proprio

text: Summorum

text: Pontificum

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: directives

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: later

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Missal

text: present

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Rite

question: John XXIII continued the gradual reform of what?

answer: the Roman liturgy

text: the Roman liturgy

question: He published changes that resulted in what?

answer: the 1962 Roman Missal

text: the 1962 Roman Missal

question: What did Pope Pius V establish in 1570?

answer: the Tridentine Mass

text: the Tridentine Mass

question: Pope Benedict XVI authorized continued use of the Roman Missal in what year?

answer: 2007

question: When was the Roman Rite created?

answer: 1970


text: LaserDisc did not have high market penetration in North America due to the high cost of the players and discs, which were far more expensive than VHS players and tapes, and due to marketplace confusion with the technologically inferior CED, which also went by the name Videodisc. While the format was not widely adopted by North American consumers, it was well received among videophiles due to the superior audio and video quality compared to VHS and Betamax tapes, finding a place in nearly one million American homes by the end of 1990. The format was more popular in Japan than in North America because prices were kept low to ensure adoption, resulting in minimal price differences between VHS tapes and the higher quality LaserDiscs, helping ensure that it quickly became the dominant consumer video format in Japan. Anime collectors in every country the LD format was released, which includes both North America and Japan, also quickly became familiar with this format, and sought the higher video and sound quality of LaserDisc and the availability of numerous titles not available on VHS. LaserDiscs were also popular alternatives to videocassettes among movie enthusiasts in the more affluent regions of South East Asia, such as Singapore, due to their high integration with the Japanese export market and the disc-based media's superior longevity compared to videocassette, especially in the humid conditions endemic to that area of the world.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: high

text: market

text: penetration

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: high

text: cost

text: of

text: the

text: players

text: and

text: discs

text: which

text: were

text: far

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: VHS

text: players

text: and

text: tapes

text: and

text: due

text: to

text: marketplace

text: confusion

text: with

text: the

text: technologically

text: inferior

text: CED

text: which

text: also

text: went

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: Videodisc

text: While

text: the

text: format

text: was

text: not

text: widely

text: adopted

text: by

text: North

text: American

text: consumers

text: it

text: was

text: well

text: received

text: among

text: videophiles

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: superior

text: audio

text: and

text: video

text: quality

text: compared

text: to

text: VHS

text: and

text: Betamax

text: tapes

text: finding

text: a

text: place

text: in

text: nearly

text: one

text: million

text: American

text: homes

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: The

text: format

text: was

text: more

text: popular

text: in

text: Japan

text: than

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: because

text: prices

text: were

text: kept

text: low

text: to

text: ensure

text: adoption

text: resulting

text: in

text: minimal

text: price

text: differences

text: between

text: VHS

text: tapes

text: and

text: the

text: higher

text: quality

text: LaserDiscs

text: helping

text: ensure

text: that

text: it

text: quickly

text: became

text: the

text: dominant

text: consumer

text: video

text: format

text: in

text: Japan

text: Anime

text: collectors

text: in

text: every

text: country

text: the

text: LD

text: format

text: was

text: released

text: which

text: includes

text: both

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Japan

text: also

text: quickly

text: became

text: familiar

text: with

text: this

text: format

text: and

text: sought

text: the

text: higher

text: video

text: and

text: sound

text: quality

text: of

text: LaserDisc

text: and

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: numerous

text: titles

text: not

text: available

text: on

text: VHS

text: LaserDiscs

text: were

text: also

text: popular

text: alternatives

text: to

text: videocassettes

text: among

text: movie

text: enthusiasts

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: affluent

text: regions

text: of

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: such

text: as

text: Singapore

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: high

text: integration

text: with

text: the

text: Japanese

text: export

text: market

text: and

text: the

text: disc

text: based

text: media

text: 's

text: superior

text: longevity

text: compared

text: to

text: videocassette

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: humid

text: conditions

text: endemic

text: to

text: that

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: Why didn't LaserDiscs become popular in North America?

answer: high cost of the players and discs

text: high cost of the players and discs

question: By 1990, how many American homes were estimated to use LD?

answer: nearly one million

text: nearly one million

question: Why were LaserDiscs more popular in Japan?

answer: prices were kept low to ensure adoption

text: prices were kept low to ensure adoption

question: Which format was more popular in high humidity areas such as Singapore?

answer: LaserDiscs

text: LaserDiscs


text: The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812. This period is also significant because it marked the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.[citation needed]

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Antebellum

text: Age

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: increasing

text: division

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: South

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: territories

text: of

text: Kansas

text: and

text: Nebraska

text: that

text: eventually

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: The

text: Antebellum

text: Period

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: begun

text: with

text: the

text: Kansas

text: Nebraska

text: Act

text: of

text: needed

text: although

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: begun

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: This

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: significant

text: because

text: it

text: marked

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: American

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: the

text: industrial

text: revolution.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the antebellum age?

answer: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery

text: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery

question: When did the civil was begin?

answer: 1861

question: When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun?

answer: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854

text: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854

question: What did The Antebellum age mark?

answer: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.

text: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.