text: Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Anthropology

text: is

text: a

text: global

text: discipline

text: where

text: humanities

text: social

text: and

text: natural

text: sciences

text: are

text: forced

text: to

text: confront

text: one

text: another

text: Anthropology

text: builds

text: upon

text: knowledge

text: from

text: natural

text: sciences

text: including

text: the

text: discoveries

text: about

text: the

text: origin

text: and

text: evolution

text: of

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: human

text: physical

text: traits

text: human

text: behavior

text: the

text: variations

text: among

text: different

text: groups

text: of

text: humans

text: how

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: past

text: of

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: has

text: influenced

text: its

text: social

text: organization

text: and

text: culture

text: and

text: from

text: social

text: sciences

text: including

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: human

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: relations

text: institutions

text: social

text: conflicts

text: etc

text: Early

text: anthropology

text: originated

text: in

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: and

text: Persia

text: and

text: studied

text: and

text: tried

text: to

text: understand

text: observable

text: cultural

text: diversity

text: As

text: such

text: anthropology

text: has

text: been

text: central

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: several

text: new

text: late

text: century

text: interdisciplinary

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: cognitive

text: science

text: global

text: studies

text: and

text: various

text: ethnic

text: studies

question: What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology?

answer: humanities, social, and natural sciences

text: humanities, social, and natural sciences

question: What builds upon natural and social sciences?

answer: Anthropology

text: Anthropology

question: What type of discipline is anthropology?

answer: global

text: global

question: Where did early anthropology originate?

answer: Greece and Persia

text: Greece and Persia

question: What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?

answer: cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies

text: cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies


text: The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim. Argentine–UK relations had previously been damaged throughout 2012 due to disputes over the sovereignty of the nearby Falkland Islands, and the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: Argentine

text: British

text: and

text: Chilean

text: claims

text: all

text: overlap

text: and

text: have

text: caused

text: friction

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: British

text: Foreign

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: Office

text: named

text: a

text: previously

text: unnamed

text: area

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: Land

text: in

text: tribute

text: to

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: 's

text: Diamond

text: Jubilee

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: UK

text: ambassador

text: to

text: Argentina

text: John

text: Freeman

text: was

text: summoned

text: to

text: the

text: Argentine

text: government

text: as

text: protest

text: against

text: the

text: claim

text: Argentine

text: UK

text: relations

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: damaged

text: throughout

text: due

text: to

text: disputes

text: over

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: nearby

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: Falklands

text: War

question: What did the British claim in 2012?

answer: Queen Elizabeth Land

text: Queen Elizabeth Land

question: To what was the claim of land in tribute?

answer: Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee

text: Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee

question: What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim?

answer: protest

text: protest

question: When did the British claim Queen Elizabeth Land in Antarctica?

answer: 18 December 2012

text: 18 December 2012

question: Of what war was 2012 the anniversary?

answer: Falklands War

text: Falklands War


text: At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio files used the AAC format with added encryption, based on the FairPlay DRM system. Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods could play the files. Burning the files with iTunes as an audio CD, then re-importing would create music files without the DRM. The DRM could also be removed using third-party software. However, in a deal with Apple, EMI began selling DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in a category called "iTunes Plus." While individual songs were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30¢ more than the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were available for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded albums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$0.99 per song, the same as DRM encoded tracks. On January 6, 2009, Apple announced that DRM has been removed from 80% of the music catalog, and that it would be removed from all music by April 2009.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: store

text: was

text: introduced

text: purchased

text: audio

text: files

text: used

text: the

text: AAC

text: format

text: with

text: added

text: encryption

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: FairPlay

text: DRM

text: system

text: Up

text: to

text: five

text: authorized

text: computers

text: and

text: an

text: unlimited

text: number

text: of

text: iPods

text: could

text: play

text: the

text: files

text: Burning

text: the

text: files

text: with

text: iTunes

text: as

text: an

text: audio

text: CD

text: then

text: re

text: importing

text: would

text: create

text: music

text: files

text: without

text: the

text: DRM

text: The

text: DRM

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: removed

text: using

text: third

text: party

text: software

text: However

text: in

text: a

text: deal

text: with

text: Apple

text: EMI

text: began

text: selling

text: DRM

text: free

text: higher

text: quality

text: songs

text: on

text: the

text: iTunes

text: Stores

text: in

text: a

text: category

text: called

text: iTunes

text: Plus

text: While

text: individual

text: songs

text: were

text: made

text: available

text: at

text: a

text: cost

text: of

text: US$

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: a

text: regular

text: DRM

text: song

text: entire

text: albums

text: were

text: available

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: price

text: US$

text: as

text: DRM

text: encoded

text: albums

text: On

text: October

text: Apple

text: lowered

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: individual

text: iTunes

text: Plus

text: songs

text: to

text: US$

text: per

text: song

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: DRM

text: encoded

text: tracks

text: On

text: January

text: Apple

text: announced

text: that

text: DRM

text: has

text: been

text: removed

text: from

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: catalog

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: removed

text: from

text: all

text: music

text: by

text: April

question: When the iTunes store was launched, what type of file format was used?

answer: AAC

text: AAC

question: How many computers were allowed to play files that used the FairPlay DRM system?

answer: five

text: five

question: In what category could files without digital rights management be found on the iTunes store?

answer: iTunes Plus

text: iTunes Plus

question: When did Apple reveal that most of the iTunes selection was free from DRM?

answer: January 6, 2009

text: January 6, 2009

question: By what time did Apple project its entire catalog would be free of DRM?

answer: April 2009

text: April 2009

question: What was the original format for purchased audio files on iTunes?

answer: AAC

text: AAC

question: What was the name of the DRM system originally used by Apple and iTunes?

answer: FairPlay

text: FairPlay

question: What was the name of the premium service that offered higher quality and DRM-free songs?

answer: iTunes Plus

text: iTunes Plus

question: In what year was DRM completely eliminated from the iTunes offerings?

answer: 2009


text: In July 1855, the allied squadron tried to go past Taganrog to Rostov on Don, entering the Don River through the Mius River. On 12 July 1855 HMS Jasper grounded near Taganrog thanks to a fisherman who moved buoys into shallow water. The Cossacks captured the gunboat with all of its guns and blew it up. The third siege attempt was made 19–31 August 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations. The allied fleet left the Gulf of Taganrog on the 2nd September 1855, with minor military operations along the Azov Sea coast continuing until late autumn 1855.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: allied

text: squadron

text: tried

text: to

text: go

text: past

text: Taganrog

text: to

text: Rostov

text: on

text: Don

text: entering

text: the

text: Don

text: River

text: through

text: the

text: Mius

text: River

text: On

text: July

text: HMS

text: Jasper

text: grounded

text: near

text: Taganrog

text: thanks

text: to

text: a

text: fisherman

text: who

text: moved

text: buoys

text: into

text: shallow

text: water

text: The

text: Cossacks

text: captured

text: the

text: gunboat

text: with

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: guns

text: and

text: blew

text: it

text: up

text: The

text: third

text: siege

text: attempt

text: was

text: made

text: August

text: but

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: already

text: fortified

text: and

text: the

text: squadron

text: could

text: not

text: approach

text: close

text: enough

text: for

text: landing

text: operations

text: The

text: allied

text: fleet

text: left

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Taganrog

text: on

text: the

text: September

text: with

text: minor

text: military

text: operations

text: along

text: the

text: Azov

text: Sea

text: coast

text: continuing

text: until

text: late

text: autumn

question: What caused the HMS Jasper to get stuck in shallow water?

answer: a fisherman who moved buoys

text: a fisherman who moved buoys

question: Who blew up the HMS Jasper?

answer: The Cossacks

text: The Cossacks

question: During what days did the allied squadron third siege attempt take place?

answer: 19–31 August

text: 19–31 August

question: The allied fleet departed the Gulf of Taganrog on what date?

answer: 2nd September

text: 2nd September

question: Why did the third siege attempt fail?

answer: the city was already fortified

text: the city was already fortified


text: Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all other federal courts, despite not being a regular court of appeals on itself in the German court system. It is also the only court possessing the power and authority to outlaw political parties, if it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: Final

text: interpretation

text: of

text: and

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Constitution

text: the

text: Grundgesetz

text: is

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: Bundesverfassungsgericht

text: Federal

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: highest

text: German

text: court

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: declare

text: both

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: legislation

text: ineffective

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: overrule

text: decisions

text: of

text: all

text: other

text: federal

text: courts

text: despite

text: not

text: being

text: a

text: regular

text: court

text: of

text: appeals

text: on

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: court

text: system

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: court

text: possessing

text: the

text: power

text: and

text: authority

text: to

text: outlaw

text: political

text: parties

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: deemed

text: that

text: these

text: parties

text: have

text: repeatedly

text: violated

text: articles

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

question: What is Germany's constitution called?

answer: the Grundgesetz

text: the Grundgesetz

question: What German high court has the responsibility for interpreting this document?

answer: Bundesverfassungsgericht

text: Bundesverfassungsgericht

question: The english translation of this court and its duties is what?

answer: Federal Constitutional Court

text: Federal Constitutional Court

question: What unique electoral power does this German high court possess?

answer: the power and authority to outlaw political parties

text: the power and authority to outlaw political parties

question: Under what circumstances may the court enact this responsibility?

answer: it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution

text: it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution


text: Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Arabic

text: translation

text: efforts

text: and

text: techniques

text: are

text: important

text: to

text: Western

text: translation

text: traditions

text: due

text: to

text: centuries

text: of

text: close

text: contacts

text: and

text: exchanges

text: Especially

text: after

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Europeans

text: began

text: more

text: intensive

text: study

text: of

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Persian

text: translations

text: of

text: classical

text: works

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: scientific

text: and

text: philosophical

text: works

text: of

text: Arab

text: and

text: oriental

text: origins

text: Arabic

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: degree

text: Persian

text: became

text: important

text: sources

text: of

text: material

text: and

text: perhaps

text: of

text: techniques

text: for

text: revitalized

text: Western

text: traditions

text: which

text: in

text: time

text: would

text: overtake

text: the

text: Islamic

text: and

text: oriental

text: traditions

question: Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions?

answer: centuries of close contacts and exchanges

text: centuries of close contacts and exchanges

question: When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?

answer: after the Renaissance

text: after the Renaissance

question: What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans?

answer: important sources of material

text: important sources of material

question: What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic?

answer: techniques

text: techniques

question: What would Western traditions eventually do?

answer: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions

text: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions


text: During 1951, George VI's health declined and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of the King and consequently Elizabeth's immediate accession to the throne. Philip broke the news to the new Queen. Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: During

text: George

text: VI

text: 's

text: health

text: declined

text: and

text: Elizabeth

text: frequently

text: stood

text: in

text: for

text: him

text: at

text: public

text: events

text: When

text: she

text: toured

text: Canada

text: and

text: visited

text: President

text: Harry

text: S.

text: Truman

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: in

text: October

text: her

text: private

text: secretary

text: Martin

text: Charteris

text: carried

text: a

text: draft

text: accession

text: declaration

text: in

text: case

text: the

text: King

text: died

text: while

text: she

text: was

text: on

text: tour

text: In

text: early

text: Elizabeth

text: and

text: Philip

text: set

text: out

text: for

text: a

text: tour

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: Kenya

text: On

text: February

text: they

text: had

text: just

text: returned

text: to

text: their

text: Kenyan

text: home

text: Sagana

text: Lodge

text: after

text: a

text: night

text: spent

text: at

text: Treetops

text: Hotel

text: when

text: word

text: arrived

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: and

text: consequently

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: immediate

text: accession

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: Philip

text: broke

text: the

text: news

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: Queen

text: Martin

text: Charteris

text: asked

text: her

text: to

text: choose

text: a

text: regnal

text: name

text: she

text: chose

text: to

text: remain

text: Elizabeth

text: of

text: course

text: She

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: queen

text: throughout

text: her

text: realms

text: and

text: the

text: royal

text: party

text: hastily

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: She

text: and

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: moved

text: into

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

question: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951?

answer: health declined

text: health declined

question: On what date did Elizabeth's father, King George VI, die?

answer: 6 February 1952

text: 6 February 1952

question: In what country was Elizabeth when George VI died?

answer: Kenya

text: Kenya


text: The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: British

text: Nationality

text: Act

text: reclassified

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: Crown

text: colonies

text: as

text: British

text: Dependent

text: Territories

text: The

text: islanders

text: lost

text: their

text: right

text: of

text: abode

text: in

text: Britain

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: many

text: could

text: find

text: only

text: low

text: paid

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: island

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: available

text: employment

text: outside

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: and

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: The

text: Development

text: and

text: Economic

text: Planning

text: Department

text: which

text: still

text: operates

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: raising

text: the

text: living

text: standards

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

question: What right was lost by the citizen of the islands due to the act?

answer: right of abode in Britain

text: right of abode in Britain

question: What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?

answer: The Development and Economic Planning Department

text: The Development and Economic Planning Department

question: What year was the Development and Economic Planning Department formed?

answer: 1988

question: Where was the only work outside of Saint Helena located?

answer: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island

text: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island


text: In most US and Canadian jurisdictions, passenger elevators are required to conform to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. As of 2006, all states except Kansas, Mississippi, North Dakota, and South Dakota have adopted some version of ASME codes, though not necessarily the most recent. In Canada the document is the CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard, which was harmonized with the US version in the 2000 edition.[citation needed] In addition, passenger elevators may be required to conform to the requirements of A17.3 for existing elevators where referenced by the local jurisdiction. Passenger elevators are tested using the ASME A17.2 Standard. The frequency of these tests is mandated by the local jurisdiction, which may be a town, city, state or provincial standard.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: In

text: most

text: US

text: and

text: Canadian

text: jurisdictions

text: passenger

text: elevators

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Society

text: of

text: Mechanical

text: Engineers

text: Standard

text: Safety

text: Code

text: for

text: Elevators

text: and

text: Escalators

text: As

text: of

text: all

text: states

text: except

text: Kansas

text: Mississippi

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: South

text: Dakota

text: have

text: adopted

text: some

text: version

text: of

text: ASME

text: codes

text: though

text: not

text: necessarily

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: document

text: is

text: the

text: CAN

text: CSA

text: Safety

text: Standard

text: which

text: was

text: harmonized

text: with

text: the

text: US

text: version

text: in

text: the

text: edition.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: addition

text: passenger

text: elevators

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: the

text: requirements

text: of

text: for

text: existing

text: elevators

text: where

text: referenced

text: by

text: the

text: local

text: jurisdiction

text: Passenger

text: elevators

text: are

text: tested

text: using

text: the

text: ASME

text: Standard

text: The

text: frequency

text: of

text: these

text: tests

text: is

text: mandated

text: by

text: the

text: local

text: jurisdiction

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: town

text: city

text: state

text: or

text: provincial

text: standard

question: In what neighboring countries are passenger elevators required to adhere to Standard A17.1?

answer: most US and Canadian jurisdictions

text: most US and Canadian jurisdictions

question: What is the equivilent to the US Standard A17.1 called in Canada?

answer: CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard

text: CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard

question: What is Standard A17.1?

answer: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators

text: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators

question: What are passenger elevators tested with?

answer: ASME A17.2 Standard

text: ASME A17.2 Standard


text: New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: architecturally

text: noteworthy

text: buildings

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: styles

text: and

text: from

text: distinct

text: time

text: periods

text: from

text: the

text: saltbox

text: style

text: Pieter

text: Claesen

text: Wyckoff

text: House

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: the

text: oldest

text: section

text: of

text: which

text: dates

text: to

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: One

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: the

text: skyscraper

text: at

text: Ground

text: Zero

text: in

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: and

text: currently

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: new

text: office

text: tower

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What structure is an example of saltbox architecture?

answer: Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House

text: Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House

question: In what borough is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located?

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

question: What building is the priciest office tower in the world?

answer: One World Trade Center

text: One World Trade Center

question: In what borough is One World Trade Center located?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: In what year did construction on the oldest part of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House begin?

answer: 1656

question: The most expensive office tower built in the world today is what?

answer: One World Trade Center

text: One World Trade Center


text: Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a metastable isotope is in an excited state and will return to the ground state by emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray. 61Zn has three excited states and 73Zn has two. The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Several

text: dozen

text: radioisotopes

text: have

text: been

text: characterized

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: half

text: life

text: of

text: days

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: long

text: lived

text: radioisotope

text: followed

text: by

text: with

text: a

text: half

text: life

text: of

text: hours

text: Zinc

text: has

text: nuclear

text: isomers

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: half

text: life

text: h.

text: The

text: superscript

text: m

text: indicates

text: a

text: metastable

text: isotope

text: The

text: nucleus

text: of

text: a

text: metastable

text: isotope

text: is

text: in

text: an

text: excited

text: state

text: and

text: will

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: state

text: by

text: emitting

text: a

text: photon

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: gamma

text: ray

text: has

text: three

text: excited

text: states

text: and

text: has

text: two

text: The

text: isotopes

text: and

text: each

text: have

text: only

text: one

text: excited

text: state

question: How many radioisotopes of zinc have been discovered?

answer: Several dozen

text: Several dozen

question: What is the longest half life of the isotopes?

answer: 243.66

question: What does the superscript m represent?

answer: metastable isotope

text: metastable isotope

question: How many excited states does 61Zn have?

answer: three

text: three

question: How many excited states does 73Zn have?

answer: two

text: two

question: What is the most long lived radio isotope?

answer: 65Zn

question: What is the half life of 72Zn?

answer: 46.5 hours

text: 46.5 hours

question: How many nuclear isomers does zinc have?

answer: 10

question: What does the superscript "m" indicate?

answer: metastable isotope

text: metastable isotope

question: What does a metastable isotope do to return to ground state from an excited state?

answer: emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray

text: emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray


text: The Paris Region had 5.4 million salaried employees in 2010, of whom 2.2 million were concentrated in 39 pôles d'emplois or business districts. The largest of these, in terms of number of employees, is known in French as the QCA, or quartier central des affaires; it is in the western part of the City of Paris, in the 2nd, 8th, 9th, 16th and 18th arrondissements. In 2010 it was the workplace of 500,000 salaried employees, about thirty percent of the salaried employees in Paris and ten percent of those in the Île-de-France. The largest sectors of activity in the central business district were finance and insurance (16 percent of employees in the district) and business services (15 percent). The district also includes a large concentration of department stores, shopping areas, hotels and restaurants, as well a government offices and ministries.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: Paris

text: Region

text: had

text: million

text: salaried

text: employees

text: in

text: of

text: whom

text: million

text: were

text: concentrated

text: in

text: pôles

text: d'emplois

text: or

text: business

text: districts

text: The

text: largest

text: of

text: these

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: employees

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: French

text: as

text: the

text: QCA

text: or

text: quartier

text: central

text: des

text: affaires

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: arrondissements

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: workplace

text: of

text: salaried

text: employees

text: about

text: thirty

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: salaried

text: employees

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: ten

text: percent

text: of

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: The

text: largest

text: sectors

text: of

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: were

text: finance

text: and

text: insurance

text: percent

text: of

text: employees

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: and

text: business

text: services

text: percent

text: The

text: district

text: also

text: includes

text: a

text: large

text: concentration

text: of

text: department

text: stores

text: shopping

text: areas

text: hotels

text: and

text: restaurants

text: as

text: well

text: a

text: government

text: offices

text: and

text: ministries

question: How many salaried employees lived in the Paris Region in 2010?

answer: 5.4 million

text: 5.4 million


text: Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman prose tradition, for instance, the influence of Romanticism can be seen during the Tanzimat period, and that of the Realist and Naturalist movements in subsequent periods; in the poetic tradition, on the other hand, it was the influence of the Symbolist and Parnassian movements that became paramount.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Due

text: to

text: historically

text: close

text: ties

text: with

text: France

text: French

text: literature

text: came

text: to

text: constitute

text: the

text: major

text: Western

text: influence

text: on

text: Ottoman

text: literature

text: throughout

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: movements

text: prevalent

text: in

text: France

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: also

text: had

text: their

text: Ottoman

text: equivalents

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: Ottoman

text: prose

text: tradition

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Romanticism

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: during

text: the

text: Tanzimat

text: period

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Realist

text: and

text: Naturalist

text: movements

text: in

text: subsequent

text: periods

text: in

text: the

text: poetic

text: tradition

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Symbolist

text: and

text: Parnassian

text: movements

text: that

text: became

text: paramount

question: What was the biggest influence from the west on Ottoman literature?

answer: French literature

text: French literature

question: During what time period was Ottoman literate most influenced by the west?

answer: the latter half of the 19th century

text: the latter half of the 19th century

question: During the Tanzimat what western influence could be seen?

answer: the influence of Romanticism

text: the influence of Romanticism

question: The poetic tradition had its biggest influence on what Ottoman literary movements?

answer: the Symbolist and Parnassian movements

text: the Symbolist and Parnassian movements

question: Romanticism, and Realism were two movements from the west that influenced the Ottoman literary scene, what was the third?

answer: Naturalist

text: Naturalist


text: The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine forming an exciton that excites a QD. This scheme is commonly studied for quantum dot display. The tunability of emission wavelengths and narrow bandwidth is also beneficial as excitation sources for fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) utilizing an integrated QD-LED has been demonstrated.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: QD

text: LEDs

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: electrical

text: excitation

text: scheme

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: basic

text: design

text: of

text: OLEDs

text: A

text: layer

text: of

text: quantum

text: dots

text: is

text: sandwiched

text: between

text: layers

text: of

text: electron

text: transporting

text: and

text: hole

text: transporting

text: materials

text: An

text: applied

text: electric

text: field

text: causes

text: electrons

text: and

text: holes

text: to

text: move

text: into

text: the

text: quantum

text: dot

text: layer

text: and

text: recombine

text: forming

text: an

text: exciton

text: that

text: excites

text: a

text: QD

text: This

text: scheme

text: is

text: commonly

text: studied

text: for

text: quantum

text: dot

text: display

text: The

text: tunability

text: of

text: emission

text: wavelengths

text: and

text: narrow

text: bandwidth

text: is

text: also

text: beneficial

text: as

text: excitation

text: sources

text: for

text: fluorescence

text: imaging

text: Fluorescence

text: near

text: field

text: scanning

text: optical

text: microscopy

text: NSOM

text: utilizing

text: an

text: integrated

text: QD

text: LED

text: has

text: been

text: demonstrated

question: What is one scheme of Quantum Dot excitation?

answer: electrical-excitation

text: electrical-excitation

question: What is one material used in electrical-excitation?

answer: hole-transporting materials

text: hole-transporting materials

question: During the electrical-excitation scheme, what moves into the quantum dot layer?

answer: electrons and holes

text: electrons and holes

question: A Quantum Dot LED has been used in what?

answer: near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)

text: near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)


text: The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: armed

text: forces

text: have

text: three

text: branches

text: Navy

text: Army

text: and

text: Air

text: Force

text: They

text: serve

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: self

text: defense

text: force

text: whose

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: territorial

text: integrity

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: provide

text: humanitarian

text: assistance

text: and

text: security

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: abroad

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: branches

text: numbered

text: active

text: personnel

text: including

text: women

text: Portuguese

text: military

text: expenditure

text: in

text: was

text: billion

text: representing

text: percent

text: of

text: GDP

text: Military

text: conscription

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: The

text: minimum

text: age

text: for

text: voluntary

text: recruitment

text: is

text: years

question: How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?

answer: three

text: three

question: What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces?

answer: Navy, Army and Air Force

text: Navy, Army and Air Force

question: What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces?

answer: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security

text: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security

question: How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008?

answer: 7,500

question: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?

answer: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP

text: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP


text: During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scholars such as Peter Abelard (d. 1142) and Peter Lombard (d. 1164) introduced Aristotelian logic into theology. In the late 11th and early 12th centuries cathedral schools spread throughout Western Europe, signalling the shift of learning from monasteries to cathedrals and towns. Cathedral schools were in turn replaced by the universities established in major European cities. Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th- and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts, most notably Aristotle and the Bible. This movement tried to employ a systemic approach to truth and reason and culminated in the thought of Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), who wrote the Summa Theologica, or Summary of Theology.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: developments

text: in

text: philosophy

text: and

text: theology

text: led

text: to

text: increased

text: intellectual

text: activity

text: There

text: was

text: debate

text: between

text: the

text: realists

text: and

text: the

text: nominalists

text: over

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: universals

text: Philosophical

text: discourse

text: was

text: stimulated

text: by

text: the

text: rediscovery

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: and

text: his

text: emphasis

text: on

text: empiricism

text: and

text: rationalism

text: Scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Peter

text: Abelard

text: d.

text: and

text: Peter

text: Lombard

text: d.

text: introduced

text: Aristotelian

text: logic

text: into

text: theology

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: cathedral

text: schools

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Western

text: Europe

text: signalling

text: the

text: shift

text: of

text: learning

text: from

text: monasteries

text: to

text: cathedrals

text: and

text: towns

text: Cathedral

text: schools

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: universities

text: established

text: in

text: major

text: European

text: cities

text: Philosophy

text: and

text: theology

text: fused

text: in

text: scholasticism

text: an

text: attempt

text: by

text: and

text: century

text: scholars

text: to

text: reconcile

text: authoritative

text: texts

text: most

text: notably

text: Aristotle

text: and

text: the

text: Bible

text: This

text: movement

text: tried

text: to

text: employ

text: a

text: systemic

text: approach

text: to

text: truth

text: and

text: reason

text: and

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: thought

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: d.

text: who

text: wrote

text: the

text: Summa

text: Theologica

text: or

text: Summary

text: of

text: Theology

question: What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals?

answer: realists

text: realists

question: What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: When did Peter Lombard die?

answer: 1164

question: What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?

answer: scholasticism

text: scholasticism

question: Who authored the Summa Theologica?

answer: Thomas Aquinas

text: Thomas Aquinas


text: Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: County

text: the

text: city

text: ranks

text: among

text: United

text: States

text: cities

text: in

text: population

text: The

text: population

text: grew

text: following

text: the

text: Census

text: with

text: the

text: population

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: increased

text: to

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Shawnee

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: residents

text: making

text: it

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: city

text: limits

text: extend

text: into

text: Canadian

text: Cleveland

text: and

text: Pottawatomie

text: counties

text: though

text: much

text: of

text: those

text: areas

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: core

text: Oklahoma

text: County

text: area

text: are

text: suburban

text: or

text: rural

text: watershed

text: The

text: city

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: including

text: consolidated

text: city

text: counties

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: whose

text: government

text: is

text: not

text: consolidated

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: county

text: or

text: borough

question: What is the capital of Oklahoma?

answer: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma City

question: Which city is the largest in Oklahoma?

answer: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma City

question: What was the population of Oklahoma city in 2014?

answer: 1,322,429


text: In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life. The Greeks maintained, until late in their civilization, an almost animistic idea that the statues are in some sense alive. This embodies the belief that the image was somehow the god or man himself. A fine example is the statue of the Sacred gate Kouros which was found at the cemetery of Dipylon in Athens (Dipylon Kouros). The statue is the "thing in itself", and his slender face with the deep eyes express an intellectual eternity. According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move. It is considered that he created also the New York kouros, which is the oldest fully preserved statue of Kouros type, and seems to be the incarnation of the god himself.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: large

text: scale

text: depictions

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: archaic

text: period

text: BC

text: the

text: artists

text: tried

text: to

text: draw

text: one

text: 's

text: attention

text: to

text: look

text: into

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: face

text: and

text: the

text: body

text: which

text: were

text: not

text: represented

text: as

text: lifeless

text: masses

text: but

text: as

text: being

text: full

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: Greeks

text: maintained

text: until

text: late

text: in

text: their

text: civilization

text: an

text: almost

text: animistic

text: idea

text: that

text: the

text: statues

text: are

text: in

text: some

text: sense

text: alive

text: This

text: embodies

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: image

text: was

text: somehow

text: the

text: god

text: or

text: man

text: himself

text: A

text: fine

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: statue

text: of

text: the

text: Sacred

text: gate

text: Kouros

text: which

text: was

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: cemetery

text: of

text: Dipylon

text: in

text: Athens

text: Dipylon

text: Kouros

text: The

text: statue

text: is

text: the

text: thing

text: in

text: itself

text: and

text: his

text: slender

text: face

text: with

text: the

text: deep

text: eyes

text: express

text: an

text: intellectual

text: eternity

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Greek

text: tradition

text: the

text: Dipylon

text: master

text: was

text: named

text: Daedalus

text: and

text: in

text: his

text: statues

text: the

text: limbs

text: were

text: freed

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: giving

text: the

text: impression

text: that

text: the

text: statues

text: could

text: move

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: that

text: he

text: created

text: also

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: kouros

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: fully

text: preserved

text: statue

text: of

text: Kouros

text: type

text: and

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: incarnation

text: of

text: the

text: god

text: himself

question: The period between 640-580 BC was known as what?

answer: early archaic period

text: early archaic period

question: What was the name of the Dipylon master?

answer: Daedalus

text: Daedalus

question: Who created the New York kouros?

answer: Daedalus

text: Daedalus


text: The study of plants is vital because they underpin almost all animal life on Earth by generating a large proportion of the oxygen and food that provide humans and other organisms with aerobic respiration with the chemical energy they need to exist. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in the structural components of cells. As a by-product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. In addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise soils, preventing soil erosion. Plants are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, oxygen, medicine, and products for people, as well as creating and preserving soil.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: plants

text: is

text: vital

text: because

text: they

text: underpin

text: almost

text: all

text: animal

text: life

text: on

text: Earth

text: by

text: generating

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: oxygen

text: and

text: food

text: that

text: provide

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: organisms

text: with

text: aerobic

text: respiration

text: with

text: the

text: chemical

text: energy

text: they

text: need

text: to

text: exist

text: Plants

text: algae

text: and

text: cyanobacteria

text: are

text: the

text: major

text: groups

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: carry

text: out

text: photosynthesis

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: uses

text: the

text: energy

text: of

text: sunlight

text: to

text: convert

text: water

text: and

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: into

text: sugars

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: both

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: chemical

text: energy

text: and

text: of

text: organic

text: molecules

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: structural

text: components

text: of

text: cells

text: As

text: a

text: by

text: product

text: of

text: photosynthesis

text: plants

text: release

text: oxygen

text: into

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: a

text: gas

text: that

text: is

text: required

text: by

text: nearly

text: all

text: living

text: things

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: cellular

text: respiration

text: In

text: addition

text: they

text: are

text: influential

text: in

text: the

text: global

text: carbon

text: and

text: water

text: cycles

text: and

text: plant

text: roots

text: bind

text: and

text: stabilise

text: soils

text: preventing

text: soil

text: erosion

text: Plants

text: are

text: crucial

text: to

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: human

text: society

text: as

text: they

text: provide

text: food

text: oxygen

text: medicine

text: and

text: products

text: for

text: people

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: creating

text: and

text: preserving

text: soil

question: Why are plants important to human life?

answer: oxygen and food

text: oxygen and food

question: What is the process that converts sunlight to energy?

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

question: What is used to rebuild cells?

answer: organic molecules

text: organic molecules

question: What vital element is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

answer: oxygen

text: oxygen

question: What do plant roots prevent?

answer: soil erosion

text: soil erosion


text: With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: With

text: the

text: wealth

text: brought

text: on

text: by

text: the

text: gold

text: rush

text: following

text: closely

text: on

text: the

text: heels

text: of

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Victoria

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: colony

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: need

text: for

text: public

text: buildings

text: a

text: program

text: of

text: grand

text: civic

text: construction

text: soon

text: began

text: The

text: and

text: saw

text: the

text: commencement

text: of

text: Parliament

text: House

text: the

text: Treasury

text: Building

text: the

text: Old

text: Melbourne

text: Gaol

text: Victoria

text: Barracks

text: the

text: State

text: Library

text: University

text: General

text: Post

text: Office

text: Customs

text: House

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Town

text: Hall

text: St

text: Patrick

text: 's

text: cathedral

text: though

text: many

text: remained

text: uncompleted

text: for

text: decades

text: with

text: some

text: still

text: not

text: finished

question: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?

answer: public buildings

text: public buildings

question: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?

answer: 1850s and 1860s

text: 1850s and 1860s

question: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event?

answer: gold rush

text: gold rush


text: The Federal Constitution adopted in 1848 is the legal foundation of the modern federal state. It is among the oldest constitutions in the world. A new Constitution was adopted in 1999, but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure. It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority. There are three main governing bodies on the federal level: the bicameral parliament (legislative), the Federal Council (executive) and the Federal Court (judicial).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: Federal

text: Constitution

text: adopted

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: legal

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: federal

text: state

text: It

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: oldest

text: constitutions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: A

text: new

text: Constitution

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: introduce

text: notable

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: structure

text: It

text: outlines

text: basic

text: and

text: political

text: rights

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: citizen

text: participation

text: in

text: public

text: affairs

text: divides

text: the

text: powers

text: between

text: the

text: Confederation

text: and

text: the

text: cantons

text: and

text: defines

text: federal

text: jurisdiction

text: and

text: authority

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: main

text: governing

text: bodies

text: on

text: the

text: federal

text: level

text: the

text: bicameral

text: parliament

text: legislative

text: the

text: Federal

text: Council

text: executive

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Court

text: judicial

question: When was Switzerland's Federal Constitution adopted?

answer: 1848

question: When was a new Constitution adopted in Switzerland?

answer: 1999

question: How many main governing bodies are on the federal level in Switzerland?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the legislative body of the Swiss government called?

answer: bicameral parliament

text: bicameral parliament

question: What is the executive body of the Swiss government called?

answer: Federal Council

text: Federal Council


text: While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets with Télévision de Radio-Canada stations). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published digital transition plans for none of its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to be converted to digital by the deadline. Under this plan, communities that receive analogue signals by rebroadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and Radio-Canada transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and Radio-Canada over-the-air signals include London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not planned to be converted to digital by the deadline.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: While

text: its

text: fellow

text: Canadian

text: broadcasters

text: converted

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: transmitters

text: to

text: digital

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: digital

text: television

text: transition

text: deadline

text: of

text: August

text: CBC

text: converted

text: only

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: analogue

text: transmitters

text: in

text: mandatory

text: areas

text: to

text: digital

text: of

text: markets

text: with

text: CBC

text: Television

text: stations

text: and

text: of

text: markets

text: with

text: Télévision

text: de

text: Radio

text: Canada

text: stations

text: Due

text: to

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: reported

text: by

text: the

text: corporation

text: the

text: corporation

text: published

text: digital

text: transition

text: plans

text: for

text: of

text: its

text: analogue

text: retransmitters

text: in

text: mandatory

text: markets

text: to

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: digital

text: by

text: the

text: deadline

text: Under

text: this

text: plan

text: communities

text: that

text: receive

text: analogue

text: signals

text: by

text: rebroadcast

text: transmitters

text: in

text: mandatory

text: markets

text: would

text: lose

text: their

text: over

text: the

text: air

text: signals

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: deadline

text: Rebroadcast

text: transmitters

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: CBC

text: and

text: Radio

text: Canada

text: transmitters

text: in

text: mandatory

text: markets

text: Mandatory

text: markets

text: losing

text: both

text: CBC

text: and

text: Radio

text: Canada

text: over

text: the

text: air

text: signals

text: include

text: London

text: Ontario

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: population

text: and

text: Saskatoon

text: Saskatchewan

text: metro

text: area

text: population

text: In

text: both

text: of

text: those

text: markets

text: the

text: corporation

text: 's

text: television

text: transmitters

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: ones

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: planned

text: to

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: digital

text: by

text: the

text: deadline

question: What was the deadline for converstion to digital transmission from analogue?

answer: August 31, 2011

text: August 31, 2011

question: How many of CBC's mandatory transmitters were updated before the deadline?

answer: only about half

text: only about half

question: Which two large metropolitan areas lost CBC and Radio-Canada broadcasts?

answer: London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000)

text: London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000)


text: Some socialists such as H. D. Dickinson and Oskar Lange, responded by invoking general equilibrium theory, which they argued disproved Mises's thesis. They noted that the difference between a planned and a free market system lay in who was responsible for solving the equations. They argued, if some of the prices chosen by socialist managers were wrong, gluts or shortages would appear, signalling them to adjust the prices up or down, just as in a free market. Through such a trial and error, a socialist economy could mimic the efficiency of a free market system, while avoiding its many problems.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Some

text: socialists

text: such

text: as

text: H.

text: D.

text: Dickinson

text: and

text: Oskar

text: Lange

text: responded

text: by

text: invoking

text: general

text: equilibrium

text: theory

text: which

text: they

text: argued

text: disproved

text: Mises

text: 's

text: thesis

text: They

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: a

text: planned

text: and

text: a

text: free

text: market

text: system

text: lay

text: in

text: who

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: solving

text: the

text: equations

text: They

text: argued

text: if

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: prices

text: chosen

text: by

text: socialist

text: managers

text: were

text: wrong

text: gluts

text: or

text: shortages

text: would

text: appear

text: signalling

text: them

text: to

text: adjust

text: the

text: prices

text: up

text: or

text: down

text: just

text: as

text: in

text: a

text: free

text: market

text: Through

text: such

text: a

text: trial

text: and

text: error

text: a

text: socialist

text: economy

text: could

text: mimic

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: a

text: free

text: market

text: system

text: while

text: avoiding

text: its

text: many

text: problems

question: What did some socialists bring up as a rebuttal to Hayek's resource distribution argument?

answer: general equilibrium theory

text: general equilibrium theory

question: What did socialists believe equilibrium theory invalidated?

answer: Mises's thesis

text: Mises's thesis

question: According to those who argued against Hayek, what sets planned and free markets apart is what?

answer: who was responsible for solving the equations

text: who was responsible for solving the equations

question: What type of economic system did the socialists want to avoid?

answer: free market

text: free market


text: The result was a sequence of innovative but unpopular financial measures.[nb 10] John levied scutage payments eleven times in his seventeen years as king, as compared to eleven times in total during the reign of the preceding three monarchs. In many cases these were levied in the absence of any actual military campaign, which ran counter to the original idea that scutage was an alternative to actual military service. John maximised his right to demand relief payments when estates and castles were inherited, sometimes charging enormous sums, beyond barons' abilities to pay. Building on the successful sale of sheriff appointments in 1194, John initiated a new round of appointments, with the new incumbents making back their investment through increased fines and penalties, particularly in the forests. Another innovation of Richard's, increased charges levied on widows who wished to remain single, was expanded under John. John continued to sell charters for new towns, including the planned town of Liverpool, and charters were sold for markets across the kingdom and in Gascony.[nb 11] The king introduced new taxes and extended existing ones. The Jews, who held a vulnerable position in medieval England, protected only by the king, were subject to huge taxes; £44,000 was extracted from the community by the tallage of 1210; much of it was passed on to the Christian debtors of Jewish moneylenders.[nb 12] John created a new tax on income and movable goods in 1207 – effectively a version of a modern income tax – that produced £60,000; he created a new set of import and export duties payable directly to the crown. John found that these measures enabled him to raise further resources through the confiscation of the lands of barons who could not pay or refused to pay.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: a

text: sequence

text: of

text: innovative

text: but

text: unpopular

text: financial

text: measures.[nb

text: John

text: levied

text: scutage

text: payments

text: eleven

text: times

text: in

text: his

text: seventeen

text: years

text: as

text: king

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: eleven

text: times

text: in

text: total

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: preceding

text: three

text: monarchs

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: these

text: were

text: levied

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: any

text: actual

text: military

text: campaign

text: which

text: ran

text: counter

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: idea

text: that

text: scutage

text: was

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: actual

text: military

text: service

text: John

text: maximised

text: his

text: right

text: to

text: demand

text: relief

text: payments

text: when

text: estates

text: and

text: castles

text: were

text: inherited

text: sometimes

text: charging

text: enormous

text: sums

text: beyond

text: barons

text: abilities

text: to

text: pay

text: Building

text: on

text: the

text: successful

text: sale

text: of

text: sheriff

text: appointments

text: in

text: John

text: initiated

text: a

text: new

text: round

text: of

text: appointments

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: incumbents

text: making

text: back

text: their

text: investment

text: through

text: increased

text: fines

text: and

text: penalties

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: forests

text: Another

text: innovation

text: of

text: Richard

text: 's

text: increased

text: charges

text: levied

text: on

text: widows

text: who

text: wished

text: to

text: remain

text: single

text: was

text: expanded

text: under

text: John

text: John

text: continued

text: to

text: sell

text: charters

text: for

text: new

text: towns

text: including

text: the

text: planned

text: town

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: and

text: charters

text: were

text: sold

text: for

text: markets

text: across

text: the

text: kingdom

text: and

text: in

text: Gascony.[nb

text: The

text: king

text: introduced

text: new

text: taxes

text: and

text: extended

text: existing

text: ones

text: The

text: Jews

text: who

text: held

text: a

text: vulnerable

text: position

text: in

text: medieval

text: England

text: protected

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: king

text: were

text: subject

text: to

text: huge

text: taxes

text: was

text: extracted

text: from

text: the

text: community

text: by

text: the

text: tallage

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: debtors

text: of

text: Jewish

text: moneylenders.[nb

text: John

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: tax

text: on

text: income

text: and

text: movable

text: goods

text: in

text: effectively

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: income

text: tax

text: that

text: produced

text: he

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: set

text: of

text: import

text: and

text: export

text: duties

text: payable

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: crown

text: John

text: found

text: that

text: these

text: measures

text: enabled

text: him

text: to

text: raise

text: further

text: resources

text: through

text: the

text: confiscation

text: of

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: barons

text: who

text: could

text: not

text: pay

text: or

text: refused

text: to

text: pay

question: How many times did John levi scutage payments?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: When did John initiate a new round of appointments?

answer: 1194

question: Who were subject to huge taxes?

answer: The Jews

text: The Jews

question: When did John create a new tax on income and movable goods?

answer: 1207


text: Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Paper

text: waste

text: accounts

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: total

text: waste

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: each

text: year

text: which

text: adds

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: paper

text: waste

text: per

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: alone

text: The

text: average

text: office

text: worker

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: prints

text: pages

text: every

text: day

text: Americans

text: also

text: use

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: billion

text: paper

text: cups

text: per

text: year

question: What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?

answer: 40%

question: How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?

answer: 71.6 million

text: 71.6 million

question: How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?

answer: 16 billion

text: 16 billion

question: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?

answer: 31


text: The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: latest

text: study

text: using

text: magnetic

text: resonance

text: imaging

text: MRI

text: to

text: humans

text: and

text: dogs

text: together

text: proved

text: that

text: dogs

text: have

text: same

text: response

text: to

text: voices

text: and

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: as

text: humans

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: This

text: gives

text: dogs

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: recognize

text: emotional

text: human

text: sounds

text: making

text: them

text: friendly

text: social

text: pets

text: to

text: humans

question: What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs?

answer: magnetic resonance imaging

text: magnetic resonance imaging

question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what?

answer: voices

text: voices

question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans?

answer: the brain

text: the brain

question: Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social?

answer: emotion

text: emotion

question: What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people?

answer: MRI

text: MRI

question: Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds?

answer: emotional

text: emotional


text: Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: in

text: Venezuela

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: an

text: option

text: for

text: post

text: secondary

text: education

text: in

text: technical

text: and

text: scientific

text: courses

text: after

text: the

text: polytechnic

text: French

text: concepts

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: technical

text: education

text: was

text: considered

text: essential

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: sound

text: middle

text: class

text: economy

question: What type of economy was technical education in Venezuela intended to support?

answer: middle class

text: middle class

question: When did Venezuela begin to create institutes of technology?

answer: 1950s


text: A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise Services are located at the Renaissance Center. PricewaterhouseCoopers Plaza offices are adjacent to Ford Field, and Ernst & Young completed its office building at One Kennedy Square in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices. In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside Washington, D.C.'s metropolitan area.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: downtown

text: employers

text: are

text: relatively

text: new

text: as

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: marked

text: trend

text: of

text: companies

text: moving

text: from

text: satellite

text: suburbs

text: around

text: Metropolitan

text: Detroit

text: into

text: the

text: downtown

text: core.[citation

text: needed

text: Compuware

text: completed

text: its

text: world

text: headquarters

text: in

text: downtown

text: in

text: OnStar

text: Blue

text: Cross

text: Blue

text: Shield

text: and

text: HP

text: Enterprise

text: Services

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Center

text: PricewaterhouseCoopers

text: Plaza

text: offices

text: are

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Ford

text: Field

text: and

text: Ernst

text: Young

text: completed

text: its

text: office

text: building

text: at

text: One

text: Kennedy

text: Square

text: in

text: Perhaps

text: most

text: prominently

text: in

text: Quicken

text: Loans

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: mortgage

text: lenders

text: relocated

text: its

text: world

text: headquarters

text: and

text: employees

text: to

text: downtown

text: Detroit

text: consolidating

text: its

text: suburban

text: offices

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: and

text: Trademark

text: Office

text: opened

text: its

text: Elijah

text: J.

text: McCoy

text: Satellite

text: Office

text: in

text: the

text: Rivertown

text: Warehouse

text: District

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: location

text: outside

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

question: What Tech company is based in Detroit?

answer: Compuware

text: Compuware

question: What insurance company is located in downtown Detroit?

answer: Blue Cross Blue Shield

text: Blue Cross Blue Shield

question: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?

answer: Quicken Loans

text: Quicken Loans

question: What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit?

answer: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office

text: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office


text: Enlightenment historiography began in the period itself, from what Enlightenment figures said about their work. A dominant element was the intellectual angle they took. D'Alembert's Preliminary Discourse of l'Encyclopédie provides a history of the Enlightenment which comprises a chronological list of developments in the realm of knowledge – of which the Encyclopédie forms the pinnacle. In 1783, Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of reason. Immanuel Kant called Enlightenment "man's release from his self-incurred tutelage", tutelage being "man's inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another". "For Kant, Enlightenment was mankind's final coming of age, the emancipation of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance." The German scholar Ernst Cassirer called the Enlightenment "a part and a special phase of that whole intellectual development through which modern philosophic thought gained its characteristic self-confidence and self-consciousness". According to historian Roy Porter, the liberation of the human mind from a dogmatic state of ignorance is the epitome of what the Age of Enlightenment was trying to capture.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Enlightenment

text: historiography

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: itself

text: from

text: what

text: Enlightenment

text: figures

text: said

text: about

text: their

text: work

text: A

text: dominant

text: element

text: was

text: the

text: intellectual

text: angle

text: they

text: took

text: D'Alembert

text: 's

text: Preliminary

text: Discourse

text: of

text: l'Encyclopédie

text: provides

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: which

text: comprises

text: a

text: chronological

text: list

text: of

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: knowledge

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

text: forms

text: the

text: pinnacle

text: In

text: Jewish

text: philosopher

text: Moses

text: Mendelssohn

text: referred

text: to

text: Enlightenment

text: as

text: a

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: man

text: was

text: educated

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: reason

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: called

text: Enlightenment

text: man

text: 's

text: release

text: from

text: his

text: self

text: incurred

text: tutelage

text: tutelage

text: being

text: man

text: 's

text: inability

text: to

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: his

text: understanding

text: without

text: direction

text: from

text: another

text: For

text: Kant

text: Enlightenment

text: was

text: mankind

text: 's

text: final

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: the

text: emancipation

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: consciousness

text: from

text: an

text: immature

text: state

text: of

text: ignorance

text: The

text: German

text: scholar

text: Ernst

text: Cassirer

text: called

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: a

text: part

text: and

text: a

text: special

text: phase

text: of

text: that

text: whole

text: intellectual

text: development

text: through

text: which

text: modern

text: philosophic

text: thought

text: gained

text: its

text: characteristic

text: self

text: confidence

text: and

text: self

text: consciousness

text: According

text: to

text: historian

text: Roy

text: Porter

text: the

text: liberation

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: mind

text: from

text: a

text: dogmatic

text: state

text: of

text: ignorance

text: is

text: the

text: epitome

text: of

text: what

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: was

text: trying

text: to

text: capture

question: Which Jewish philosopher referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of reason?

answer: Moses Mendelssohn

text: Moses Mendelssohn

question: How did Immanuel Kant describe the Enlightenment?

answer: "man's release from his self-incurred tutelage"

text: "man's release from his self-incurred tutelage"

question: For whom was Enlightenment mankind's final coming of age, the emancipation of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance?"

answer: Immanuel Kant

text: Immanuel Kant

question: According to historian Roy Porter, what was the Age of Enlightenment trying to capture?

answer: the liberation of the human mind from a dogmatic state of ignorance

text: the liberation of the human mind from a dogmatic state of ignorance


text: Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Executions

text: resumed

text: on

text: January

text: when

text: Gary

text: Gilmore

text: went

text: before

text: a

text: firing

text: squad

text: in

text: Utah

text: But

text: the

text: pace

text: was

text: quite

text: slow

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: litigation

text: tactics

text: which

text: involved

text: filing

text: repeated

text: writs

text: of

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: which

text: succeeded

text: for

text: many

text: in

text: delaying

text: their

text: actual

text: execution

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: Although

text: hundreds

text: of

text: individuals

text: were

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: only

text: ten

text: people

text: besides

text: Gilmore

text: who

text: had

text: waived

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: appeal

text: rights

text: were

text: actually

text: executed

text: prior

text: to

question: Who was executed on January 17, 1977?

answer: Gary Gilmore

text: Gary Gilmore

question: By what method was Gary Gilmore executed?

answer: firing squad

text: firing squad

question: Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1977 and 1984?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their executions?

answer: filing repeated writs of habeas corpus

text: filing repeated writs of habeas corpus


text: There have been instances where a country's government bans a movie, resulting in the spread of copied videos and DVDs. Romanian-born documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu wrote a New York Times article telling the story of Irina Margareta Nistor, a narrator for state TV under Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime. A visitor from the west gave her bootlegged copies of American movies, which she dubbed for secret viewings through Romania. According to the article, she dubbed more than 3,000 movies and became the country's second-most famous voice after Ceauşescu, even though no one knew her name until many years later.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: instances

text: where

text: a

text: country

text: 's

text: government

text: bans

text: a

text: movie

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: copied

text: videos

text: and

text: DVDs

text: Romanian

text: born

text: documentary

text: maker

text: Ilinca

text: Calugareanu

text: wrote

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: article

text: telling

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: Irina

text: Margareta

text: Nistor

text: a

text: narrator

text: for

text: state

text: TV

text: under

text: Nicolae

text: Ceauşescu

text: 's

text: regime

text: A

text: visitor

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: gave

text: her

text: bootlegged

text: copies

text: of

text: American

text: movies

text: which

text: she

text: dubbed

text: for

text: secret

text: viewings

text: through

text: Romania

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: article

text: she

text: dubbed

text: more

text: than

text: movies

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: famous

text: voice

text: after

text: Ceauşescu

text: even

text: though

text: no

text: one

text: knew

text: her

text: name

text: until

text: many

text: years

text: later

question: What happens when a country bans a movie?

answer: the spread of copied videos and DVDs

text: the spread of copied videos and DVDs

question: Who did documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu write an article for?

answer: New York Times

text: New York Times

question: What was Irina Margareta Nistor's job in Romania?

answer: a narrator for state TV

text: a narrator for state TV

question: What did a visitor give to Nistor?

answer: bootlegged copies of American movies

text: bootlegged copies of American movies

question: How many movies did Nistor dub for secret viewings in Romania?

answer: 3,000


text: Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels. In 2011, longtime President Hosni Mubarak stepped down amid mass protests. Later elections saw the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was ousted by the army a year later amid mass protests.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Modern

text: Egypt

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: regional

text: and

text: middle

text: power

text: with

text: significant

text: cultural

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: influence

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: Its

text: economy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: diversified

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: with

text: sectors

text: such

text: as

text: tourism

text: agriculture

text: industry

text: and

text: services

text: at

text: almost

text: equal

text: production

text: levels

text: In

text: longtime

text: President

text: Hosni

text: Mubarak

text: stepped

text: down

text: amid

text: mass

text: protests

text: Later

text: elections

text: saw

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: which

text: was

text: ousted

text: by

text: the

text: army

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: amid

text: mass

text: protests

question: What leader stepped down in 2011?

answer: President Hosni Mubarak

text: President Hosni Mubarak

question: What party rose to power after 2011 resignation of Egypt leader?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood

question: What economic sectors does Egypt have?

answer: tourism, agriculture, industry and services

text: tourism, agriculture, industry and services

question: What influence does Egypt have?

answer: cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world

text: cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world


text: By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: By

text: BC

text: several

text: Gallic

text: tribes

text: were

text: invading

text: Italy

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: as

text: their

text: culture

text: expanded

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: The

text: Romans

text: were

text: alerted

text: to

text: this

text: when

text: a

text: particularly

text: warlike

text: tribe

text: invaded

text: two

text: Etruscan

text: towns

text: close

text: to

text: Rome

text: 's

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: These

text: towns

text: overwhelmed

text: by

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: numbers

text: and

text: ferocity

text: called

text: on

text: Rome

text: for

text: help

text: The

text: Romans

text: met

text: the

text: Gauls

text: in

text: pitched

text: battle

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Allia

text: River

text: around

text: BC

text: The

text: Gauls

text: led

text: by

text: chieftain

text: Brennus

text: defeated

text: the

text: Roman

text: army

text: of

text: approximately

text: troops

text: pursued

text: the

text: fleeing

text: Romans

text: back

text: to

text: Rome

text: and

text: sacked

text: the

text: city

text: before

text: being

text: either

text: driven

text: off

text: or

text: bought

text: off

text: Romans

text: and

text: Gauls

text: continued

text: to

text: war

text: intermittently

text: in

text: Italy

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: centuries.[relevant

text: discuss

question: When did the Battle of Allia River approximately end?

answer: 387 BC

text: 387 BC

question: How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?

answer: 15,000 troops

text: 15,000 troops

question: Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?

answer: Brennus

text: Brennus

question: Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?

answer: two Etruscan towns

text: two Etruscan towns


text: The papacy further refined the practice in the Mass in the Late Middle Ages, holding that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist. This further distanced the secular laity from the clergy. The laity continued the practices of pilgrimages, veneration of relics, and belief in the power of the Devil. Mystics such as Meister Eckhart (d. 1327) and Thomas à Kempis (d. 1471) wrote works that taught the laity to focus on their inner spiritual life, which laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Besides mysticism, belief in witches and witchcraft became widespread, and by the late 15th century the Church had begun to lend credence to populist fears of witchcraft with its condemnation of witches in 1484 and the publication in 1486 of the Malleus Maleficarum, the most popular handbook for witch-hunters.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: papacy

text: further

text: refined

text: the

text: practice

text: in

text: the

text: Mass

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: holding

text: that

text: the

text: clergy

text: alone

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: partake

text: of

text: the

text: wine

text: in

text: the

text: Eucharist

text: This

text: further

text: distanced

text: the

text: secular

text: laity

text: from

text: the

text: clergy

text: The

text: laity

text: continued

text: the

text: practices

text: of

text: pilgrimages

text: veneration

text: of

text: relics

text: and

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Devil

text: Mystics

text: such

text: as

text: Meister

text: Eckhart

text: d.

text: and

text: Thomas

text: à

text: Kempis

text: d.

text: wrote

text: works

text: that

text: taught

text: the

text: laity

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: their

text: inner

text: spiritual

text: life

text: which

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: Besides

text: mysticism

text: belief

text: in

text: witches

text: and

text: witchcraft

text: became

text: widespread

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: Church

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: lend

text: credence

text: to

text: populist

text: fears

text: of

text: witchcraft

text: with

text: its

text: condemnation

text: of

text: witches

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: publication

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: Malleus

text: Maleficarum

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: handbook

text: for

text: witch

text: hunters

question: In the Late Middle Ages, who was allowed to drink wine at Mass?

answer: the clergy

text: the clergy

question: When did Thomas à Kempis die?

answer: 1471

question: In what year did the Church condemn witches?

answer: 1484

question: In what year was the Malleus Maleficarum published?

answer: 1486

question: What was the Malleus Maleficarum?

answer: handbook for witch-hunters

text: handbook for witch-hunters