text: The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: The

text: UK

text: political

text: system

text: while

text: technically

text: a

text: multi

text: party

text: system

text: has

text: functioned

text: generally

text: as

text: a

text: two

text: party

text: sometimes

text: called

text: a

text: two

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: party

text: system

text: since

text: the

text: the

text: two

text: largest

text: political

text: parties

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: Before

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: rose

text: in

text: British

text: politics

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: was

text: the

text: other

text: major

text: political

text: party

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Conservatives

text: Though

text: coalition

text: and

text: minority

text: governments

text: have

text: been

text: an

text: occasional

text: feature

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: politics

text: the

text: first

text: past

text: the

text: post

text: electoral

text: system

text: used

text: for

text: general

text: elections

text: tends

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: dominance

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: parties

text: though

text: each

text: has

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: century

text: relied

text: upon

text: a

text: third

text: party

text: to

text: deliver

text: a

text: working

text: majority

text: in

text: Parliament

text: A

text: plurality

text: voting

text: system

text: usually

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: two

text: party

text: system

text: a

text: relationship

text: described

text: by

text: Maurice

text: Duverger

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: Duverger

text: 's

text: Law

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: numerous

text: other

text: parties

text: that

text: hold

text: or

text: have

text: held

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: seats

text: in

text: Parliament

question: What has the UK political system functioned as?

answer: a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system

text: a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system

question: What are the two largest political parties in the UK?

answer: Conservative Party and the Labour Party

text: Conservative Party and the Labour Party

question: What was the other major party before the Labour party?

answer: Liberal Party

text: Liberal Party

question: What is Duveger's Law?

answer: A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system

text: A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system


text: In the United States, "Cultural Studies" focuses largely on the study of popular culture, that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director. Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as "Western Civilization" or as "Globalism."

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Cultural

text: Studies

text: focuses

text: largely

text: on

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: popular

text: culture

text: that

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: social

text: meanings

text: of

text: mass

text: produced

text: consumer

text: and

text: leisure

text: goods

text: Richard

text: Hoggart

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: Birmingham

text: Centre

text: for

text: Contemporary

text: Cultural

text: Studies

text: or

text: CCCS

text: It

text: has

text: since

text: become

text: strongly

text: associated

text: with

text: Stuart

text: Hall

text: who

text: succeeded

text: Hoggart

text: as

text: Director

text: Cultural

text: studies

text: in

text: this

text: sense

text: then

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: limited

text: concentration

text: scoped

text: on

text: the

text: intricacies

text: of

text: consumerism

text: which

text: belongs

text: to

text: a

text: wider

text: culture

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Western

text: Civilization

text: or

text: as

text: Globalism

question: In the U.S what does "Cultural Studies" focus largely on in this field?

answer: popular culture

text: popular culture

question: Who first coined the term "Cultural Studies" in the United States?

answer: Richard Hoggart

text: Richard Hoggart

question: What was the name of the company founded by Hoggart in 1964?

answer: Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS

text: Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS

question: The CCCS has since been associated with who?

answer: Stuart Hall

text: Stuart Hall


text: In the 1990s Rhino Records issued a series of boxed sets of 78 rpm reissues of early rock and roll hits, intended for owners of vintage jukeboxes. This was a disaster because Rhino did not warn customers that their records were made of vinyl, and that the vintage 78 RPM juke boxes were designed with heavy tone arms and steel needles to play the hard shellac records of their time. This failure to warn customers gave the Rhino 78 records a bad reputation,[citation needed] as they were destroyed by old juke boxes and old record players but played very well on newer 78-capable turntables with modern lightweight tone arms and jewel needles.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: the

text: Rhino

text: Records

text: issued

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: boxed

text: sets

text: of

text: rpm

text: reissues

text: of

text: early

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: hits

text: intended

text: for

text: owners

text: of

text: vintage

text: jukeboxes

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: disaster

text: because

text: Rhino

text: did

text: not

text: warn

text: customers

text: that

text: their

text: records

text: were

text: made

text: of

text: vinyl

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: vintage

text: RPM

text: juke

text: boxes

text: were

text: designed

text: with

text: heavy

text: tone

text: arms

text: and

text: steel

text: needles

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: hard

text: shellac

text: records

text: of

text: their

text: time

text: This

text: failure

text: to

text: warn

text: customers

text: gave

text: the

text: Rhino

text: records

text: a

text: bad

text: reputation,[citation

text: needed

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: destroyed

text: by

text: old

text: juke

text: boxes

text: and

text: old

text: record

text: players

text: but

text: played

text: very

text: well

text: on

text: newer

text: turntables

text: with

text: modern

text: lightweight

text: tone

text: arms

text: and

text: jewel

text: needles

question: When was the release by Rhino Records of 78 rpm for jukebox owners?

answer: 1990s

question: What was the result of the use of this release of 78 rpm vinyl when used in vintage jukeboxes?

answer: they were destroyed

text: they were destroyed

question: What was needed to successfully play the newer released 79 rpm vinyl?

answer: lightweight tone arms and jewel needles

text: lightweight tone arms and jewel needles

question: For whom was the 1990 release of 78 rpm intended?

answer: owners of vintage jukeboxes

text: owners of vintage jukeboxes

question: How did the 1990 release of 78 rpm effect Rhino Records?

answer: bad reputation

text: bad reputation


text: Mexico City has three zoos. Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo. Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo. It was opened in 1924. Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos, giant panda, gorillas, caracal, hyena, hippos, jaguar, giraffe, lemur, lion, among others. Zoo San Juan de Aragon is near the San Juan de Aragon Park in the Gustavo A. Madero. In this zoo, opened in 1964, there are species that are in danger of extinction such as the jaguar and the Mexican wolf. Other guests are the golden eagle, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, caracara, zebras, African elephant, macaw, hippo, among others. Zoo Los Coyotes is a 27.68-acre (11.2 ha) zoo located south of Mexico City in the Coyoacan. It was inaugurated on February 2, 1999. It has more than 301 specimens of 51 species of wild native or endemic fauna from the Mexico City. You can admire eagles, ajolotes, coyotes, macaws, bobcats, Mexican wolves, raccoons, mountain lions, teporingos, foxes, white-tailed deer.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: three

text: zoos

text: Chapultepec

text: Zoo

text: the

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Aragon

text: Zoo

text: and

text: Los

text: Coyotes

text: Zoo

text: Chapultepec

text: Zoo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: section

text: of

text: Chapultepec

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: Miguel

text: Hidalgo

text: It

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: Visitors

text: can

text: see

text: about

text: specimens

text: of

text: different

text: species

text: including

text: kangaroos

text: giant

text: panda

text: gorillas

text: caracal

text: hyena

text: hippos

text: jaguar

text: giraffe

text: lemur

text: lion

text: among

text: others

text: Zoo

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Aragon

text: is

text: near

text: the

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Aragon

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: Gustavo

text: A.

text: Madero

text: In

text: this

text: zoo

text: opened

text: in

text: there

text: are

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: extinction

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: jaguar

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: wolf

text: Other

text: guests

text: are

text: the

text: golden

text: eagle

text: pronghorn

text: bighorn

text: sheep

text: caracara

text: zebras

text: African

text: elephant

text: macaw

text: hippo

text: among

text: others

text: Zoo

text: Los

text: Coyotes

text: is

text: a

text: ha

text: zoo

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: Coyoacan

text: It

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: on

text: February

text: It

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: specimens

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: wild

text: native

text: or

text: endemic

text: fauna

text: from

text: the

text: Mexico

text: City

text: You

text: can

text: admire

text: eagles

text: ajolotes

text: coyotes

text: macaws

text: bobcats

text: Mexican

text: wolves

text: raccoons

text: mountain

text: lions

text: teporingos

text: foxes

text: white

text: tailed

text: deer

question: Where is the Chapultepec Zoo located?

answer: Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo

text: Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo

question: When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened?

answer: 1924

question: What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others?

answer: species that are in danger of extinction

text: species that are in danger of extinction

question: How big is the Zoo Los Coyotes?

answer: 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)

text: 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)

question: How many animals inhabit Zoo Los Coyotes?

answer: more than 301 specimens

text: more than 301 specimens


text: One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive. A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis Arena, and went to the ArenaBowl every year of their existence (1988–1993). The AFL's first dynasty came to an end when their owner, Mike Ilitch (who also owned Little Caesars Pizza and the Detroit Red Wings) bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team and sold the AFL team.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: early

text: success

text: stories

text: was

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Drive

text: A

text: primary

text: team

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: AFL

text: 's

text: most

text: highly

text: regarded

text: players

text: including

text: George

text: LaFrance

text: and

text: Gary

text: and

text: Alvin

text: Rettig

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: a

text: second

text: career

text: chance

text: for

text: quarterback

text: Art

text: Schlichter

text: the

text: Drive

text: regularly

text: played

text: before

text: sold

text: out

text: crowds

text: at

text: Joe

text: Louis

text: Arena

text: and

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: ArenaBowl

text: every

text: year

text: of

text: their

text: existence

text: The

text: AFL

text: 's

text: first

text: dynasty

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: when

text: their

text: owner

text: Mike

text: Ilitch

text: who

text: also

text: owned

text: Little

text: Caesars

text: Pizza

text: and

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Red

text: Wings

text: bought

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Tigers

text: baseball

text: team

text: and

text: sold

text: the

text: AFL

text: team

question: What team did Art Schlichter play for?

answer: Detroit Drive

text: Detroit Drive

question: Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games?

answer: Joe Louis Arena

text: Joe Louis Arena

question: In what year did the Drive go to their first Arena Bowl?

answer: 1988

question: Who owned the Detroit Drive in this period?

answer: Mike Ilitch

text: Mike Ilitch

question: What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive?

answer: Detroit Tigers

text: Detroit Tigers


text: During the Middle Ages, Thuringia was situated at the border between Germanic and Slavic territories, marked by the Saale river. The Ostsiedlung movement led to the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule. The population growth increased during the 18th century and stayed high until World War I, before it slowed within the 20th century and changed to a decline since 1990. Since the beginning of Urbanisation around 1840, the Thuringian cities have higher growth rates resp. smaller rates of decline than rural areas (many villages lost half of their population since 1950, whereas the biggest cities (Erfurt and Jena) keep growing).

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Thuringia

text: was

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Slavic

text: territories

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: Saale

text: river

text: The

text: Ostsiedlung

text: movement

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: assimilation

text: of

text: Slavic

text: people

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: century

text: under

text: German

text: rule

text: The

text: population

text: growth

text: increased

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: stayed

text: high

text: until

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: before

text: it

text: slowed

text: within

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: changed

text: to

text: a

text: decline

text: since

text: Since

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: Urbanisation

text: around

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: cities

text: have

text: higher

text: growth

text: rates

text: resp

text: smaller

text: rates

text: of

text: decline

text: than

text: rural

text: areas

text: many

text: villages

text: lost

text: half

text: of

text: their

text: population

text: since

text: whereas

text: the

text: biggest

text: cities

text: Erfurt

text: and

text: Jena

text: keep

text: growing

question: Where was Thuringia in the Middle Ages?

answer: the border between Germanic and Slavic territories

text: the border between Germanic and Slavic territories

question: What was the result of the Ostsiedlung movement?

answer: the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule

text: the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule

question: When did population growth in Thuringia peak?

answer: World War I

text: World War I

question: In what year did many cities in Thuringia lose half of their population?

answer: 1950


text: By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on "Top 40" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations. Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: softer

text: songs

text: by

text: artists

text: like

text: The

text: Carpenters

text: Anne

text: Murray

text: John

text: Denver

text: Barry

text: Manilow

text: and

text: even

text: Streisand

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: more

text: often

text: on

text: Top

text: radio

text: and

text: others

text: were

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: mix

text: on

text: many

text: AC

text: stations

text: Also

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: stations

text: even

text: played

text: softer

text: songs

text: by

text: Elvis

text: Presley

text: Linda

text: Ronstadt

text: Elton

text: John

text: Rod

text: Stewart

text: Billy

text: Joel

text: and

text: other

text: rock

text: based

text: artists

question: Along with Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart and Elvis Presley, what rock musician sometimes had songs featured on adult contemporary radio?

answer: Billy Joel

text: Billy Joel

question: During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra Streisand featured on Top 40 radio?

answer: the early 1970s

text: the early 1970s


text: The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials, harmonic or otherwise. A complex tone composed of two sine waves of 1000 and 1200 Hz may sometimes be heard as up to three pitches: two spectral pitches at 1000 and 1200 Hz, derived from the physical frequencies of the pure tones, and the combination tone at 200 Hz, corresponding to the repetition rate of the waveform. In a situation like this, the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often the greatest common divisor of the frequencies present.

title: Pitch_(music)

title: Pitch_(music

text: The

text: pitch

text: of

text: complex

text: tones

text: can

text: be

text: ambiguous

text: meaning

text: that

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: different

text: pitches

text: can

text: be

text: perceived

text: depending

text: upon

text: the

text: observer

text: When

text: the

text: actual

text: fundamental

text: frequency

text: can

text: be

text: precisely

text: determined

text: through

text: physical

text: measurement

text: it

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: perceived

text: pitch

text: because

text: of

text: overtones

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: upper

text: partials

text: harmonic

text: or

text: otherwise

text: A

text: complex

text: tone

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: sine

text: waves

text: of

text: and

text: Hz

text: may

text: sometimes

text: be

text: heard

text: as

text: up

text: to

text: three

text: pitches

text: two

text: spectral

text: pitches

text: at

text: and

text: Hz

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: physical

text: frequencies

text: of

text: the

text: pure

text: tones

text: and

text: the

text: combination

text: tone

text: at

text: Hz

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: repetition

text: rate

text: of

text: the

text: waveform

text: In

text: a

text: situation

text: like

text: this

text: the

text: percept

text: at

text: Hz

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: missing

text: fundamental

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: the

text: greatest

text: common

text: divisor

text: of

text: the

text: frequencies

text: present

question: The pitch of complex tones can be?

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

question: A complex tone is composed of how many waves?

answer: two

text: two

question: The percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as?

answer: the missing fundamental

text: the missing fundamental

question: the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often?

answer: divisor of the frequencies present

text: divisor of the frequencies present


text: Historical population figures are unknown. In 1862, the population was estimated at about 10,000. In 1960, the entire population was about 15,000. In July 2011, the number of island residents was estimated to number about 72,191. Over two-thirds of the population live in the capital, Majuro and Ebeye, the secondary urban center, located in Kwajalein Atoll. This excludes many who have relocated elsewhere, primarily to the United States. The Compact of Free Association allows them to freely relocate to the United States and obtain work there. A large concentration of about 4,300 Marshall Islanders have relocated to Springdale, Arkansas, the largest population concentration of natives outside their island home.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Historical

text: population

text: figures

text: are

text: unknown

text: In

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: about

text: In

text: the

text: entire

text: population

text: was

text: about

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: island

text: residents

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: number

text: about

text: Over

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Majuro

text: and

text: Ebeye

text: the

text: secondary

text: urban

text: center

text: located

text: in

text: Kwajalein

text: Atoll

text: This

text: excludes

text: many

text: who

text: have

text: relocated

text: elsewhere

text: primarily

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Compact

text: of

text: Free

text: Association

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: freely

text: relocate

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: obtain

text: work

text: there

text: A

text: large

text: concentration

text: of

text: about

text: Marshall

text: Islanders

text: have

text: relocated

text: to

text: Springdale

text: Arkansas

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: concentration

text: of

text: natives

text: outside

text: their

text: island

text: home

question: About how many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1862?

answer: 10,000

question: How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1960?

answer: 15,000

question: As of July 2011, how many people resided on the Marshall Islands?

answer: 72,191

question: On what atoll is Ebeye located?

answer: Kwajalein Atoll

text: Kwajalein Atoll

question: What town hosts the largest number of Marshall Islanders outside the Marshall Islands?

answer: Springdale, Arkansas

text: Springdale, Arkansas


text: Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts) Each of these are further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each school . The various schools vary on how many of these six are valid paths of knowledge. For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Ancient

text: and

text: medieval

text: Hindu

text: texts

text: identify

text: six

text: pramāṇas

text: as

text: correct

text: means

text: of

text: accurate

text: knowledge

text: and

text: truths

text: pratyakṣa

text: perception

text: anumāṇa

text: inference

text: upamāṇa

text: comparison

text: and

text: analogy

text: arthāpatti

text: postulation

text: derivation

text: from

text: circumstances

text: anupalabdi

text: non

text: perception

text: negative

text: cognitive

text: proof

text: and

text: śabda

text: word

text: testimony

text: of

text: past

text: or

text: present

text: reliable

text: experts

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: further

text: categorized

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: conditionality

text: completeness

text: confidence

text: and

text: possibility

text: of

text: error

text: by

text: each

text: school

text: The

text: various

text: schools

text: vary

text: on

text: how

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: six

text: are

text: valid

text: paths

text: of

text: knowledge

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Cārvāka

text: nāstika

text: philosophy

text: holds

text: that

text: only

text: one

text: perception

text: is

text: an

text: epistemically

text: reliable

text: means

text: of

text: knowledge

text: the

text: Samkhya

text: school

text: holds

text: three

text: are

text: perception

text: inference

text: and

text: testimony

text: while

text: the

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: and

text: Advaita

text: schools

text: hold

text: all

text: six

text: are

text: epistemically

text: useful

text: and

text: reliable

text: means

text: to

text: knowledge

question: What do ancient Hindu writings identify as the means to knowledge and truth?

answer: pramāṇas

text: pramāṇas

question: How many pramanas are there in Hindu philosophy?

answer: six

text: six

question: What is the pramanas for perception?

answer: pratyakṣa

text: pratyakṣa

question: What Hindu philosohy is concerned with inference?

answer: anumāṇa

text: anumāṇa

question: Which pramanas is understanding of experts?

answer: śabda

text: śabda


text: India's cotton-processing sector gradually declined during British expansion in India and the establishment of colonial rule during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This was largely due to aggressive colonialist mercantile policies of the British East India Company, which made cotton processing and manufacturing workshops in India uncompetitive. Indian markets were increasingly forced to supply only raw cotton and, by British-imposed law, to purchase manufactured textiles from Britain.[citation needed]

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: India

text: 's

text: cotton

text: processing

text: sector

text: gradually

text: declined

text: during

text: British

text: expansion

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: colonial

text: rule

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: This

text: was

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: aggressive

text: colonialist

text: mercantile

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: which

text: made

text: cotton

text: processing

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: workshops

text: in

text: India

text: uncompetitive

text: Indian

text: markets

text: were

text: increasingly

text: forced

text: to

text: supply

text: only

text: raw

text: cotton

text: and

text: by

text: British

text: imposed

text: law

text: to

text: purchase

text: manufactured

text: textiles

text: from

text: Britain.[citation

text: needed

question: How did British rule effect Indian cotton processing?

answer: declined

text: declined

question: During what centuries did British rule effect Indian cotton production?

answer: late 18th and early 19th

text: late 18th and early 19th

question: What British business's policies damaged the Indian cotton industry?

answer: British East India Company

text: British East India Company

question: What cotton products did British law mandate that India was allowed to sell?

answer: raw cotton

text: raw cotton

question: If instead of producing fabrics, where was India forced to purchase cotton products?

answer: Britain

text: Britain


text: Real estate is a major force in the city's economy, as the total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$914.8 billion for the 2015 fiscal year. The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at US$1.1 billion in 2006. New York City is home to some of the nation's—and the world's—most valuable real estate. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007 for US$510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m²), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m²) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue. According to Forbes, in 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States by median housing price.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Real

text: estate

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: economy

text: as

text: the

text: total

text: value

text: of

text: all

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: property

text: was

text: assessed

text: at

text: US$

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: fiscal

text: year

text: The

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Center

text: is

text: the

text: property

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: listed

text: market

text: value

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: at

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: nation's

text: and

text: the

text: world's

text: most

text: valuable

text: real

text: estate

text: Park

text: Avenue

text: was

text: sold

text: on

text: July

text: for

text: US$

text: million

text: about

text: per

text: square

text: foot

text: breaking

text: the

text: barely

text: month

text: old

text: record

text: for

text: an

text: American

text: office

text: building

text: of

text: per

text: square

text: foot

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: June

text: sale

text: of

text: Madison

text: Avenue

text: According

text: to

text: Forbes

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: six

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: zip

text: codes

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: median

text: housing

text: price

question: What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York?

answer: US$914.8 billion

text: US$914.8 billion

question: How much was Time Warner Center worth in 2006?

answer: US$1.1 billion

text: US$1.1 billion

question: What was the price per square foot of 450 Park Avenue when it sold in July 2007?

answer: $1,589

question: What was the price per square meter of 660 Madison Avenue in June 2007?

answer: $15,887

question: Of the top 10 zip codes with the most expensive housing prices in the United States, how many are in Manhattan?

answer: six

text: six

question: Which building has the highest market value in NYC?

answer: Time Warner Center

text: Time Warner Center

question: The previous record beaten by Park Avenue was for what real estate?

answer: 660 Madison Avenue

text: 660 Madison Avenue


text: The mandolin has been used extensively in the traditional music of England and Scotland for generations. Simon Mayor is a prominent British player who has produced six solo albums, instructional books and DVDs, as well as recordings with his mandolin quartet the Mandolinquents. The instrument has also found its way into British rock music. The mandolin was played by Mike Oldfield (and introduced by Vivian Stanshall) on Oldfield's album Tubular Bells, as well as on a number of his subsequent albums (particularly prominently on Hergest Ridge (1974) and Ommadawn (1975)). It was used extensively by the British folk-rock band Lindisfarne, who featured two members on the instrument, Ray Jackson and Simon Cowe, and whose "Fog on the Tyne" was the biggest selling UK album of 1971-1972. The instrument was also used extensively in the UK folk revival of the 1960s and 1970s with bands such as Fairport Convention and Steeleye Span taking it on as the lead instrument in many of their songs. Maggie May by Rod Stewart, which hit No. 1 on both the British charts and the Billboard Hot 100, also featured Jackson's playing. It has also been used by other British rock musicians. Led Zeppelin's bassist John Paul Jones is an accomplished mandolin player and has recorded numerous songs on mandolin including Going to California and That's the Way; the mandolin part on The Battle of Evermore is played by Jimmy Page, who composed the song. Other Led Zeppelin songs featuring mandolin are Hey Hey What Can I Do, and Black Country Woman. Pete Townshend of The Who played mandolin on the track Mike Post Theme, along with many other tracks on Endless Wire. McGuinness Flint, for whom Graham Lyle played the mandolin on their most successful single, When I'm Dead And Gone, is another example. Lyle was also briefly a member of Ronnie Lane's Slim Chance, and played mandolin on their hit How Come. One of the more prominent early mandolin players in popular music was Robin Williamson in The Incredible String Band. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull is a highly accomplished mandolin player (beautiful track Pussy Willow), as is his guitarist Martin Barre. The popular song Please Please Please Let Me Get What I Want by The Smiths featured a mandolin solo played by Johnny Marr. More recently, the Glasgow-based band Sons and Daughters featured the mandolin, played by Ailidh Lennon, on tracks such as Fight, Start to End, and Medicine. British folk-punk icons the Levellers also regularly use the mandolin in their songs. Current bands are also beginning to use the Mandolin and its unique sound - such as South London's Indigo Moss who use it throughout their recordings and live gigs. The mandolin has also featured in the playing of Matthew Bellamy in the rock band Muse. It also forms the basis of Paul McCartney's 2007 hit "Dance Tonight." That was not the first time a Beatle played a mandolin, however; that distinction goes to George Harrison on Gone Troppo, the title cut from the 1982 album of the same name. The mandolin is taught in Lanarkshire by the Lanarkshire Guitar and Mandolin Association to over 100 people. Also more recently hard rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures have been playing a song based primarily using a mandolin. This song was left off their debut album, and features former Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones.[citation needed]

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: The

text: mandolin

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: extensively

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: music

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: for

text: generations

text: Simon

text: Mayor

text: is

text: a

text: prominent

text: British

text: player

text: who

text: has

text: produced

text: six

text: solo

text: albums

text: instructional

text: books

text: and

text: DVDs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: recordings

text: with

text: his

text: mandolin

text: quartet

text: the

text: Mandolinquents

text: The

text: instrument

text: has

text: also

text: found

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: British

text: rock

text: music

text: The

text: mandolin

text: was

text: played

text: by

text: Mike

text: Oldfield

text: and

text: introduced

text: by

text: Vivian

text: Stanshall

text: on

text: Oldfield

text: 's

text: album

text: Tubular

text: Bells

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: his

text: subsequent

text: albums

text: particularly

text: prominently

text: on

text: Hergest

text: Ridge

text: and

text: Ommadawn

text: It

text: was

text: used

text: extensively

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: folk

text: rock

text: band

text: Lindisfarne

text: who

text: featured

text: two

text: members

text: on

text: the

text: instrument

text: Ray

text: Jackson

text: and

text: Simon

text: Cowe

text: and

text: whose

text: Fog

text: on

text: the

text: Tyne

text: was

text: the

text: biggest

text: selling

text: UK

text: album

text: of

text: The

text: instrument

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: extensively

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: folk

text: revival

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Fairport

text: Convention

text: and

text: Steeleye

text: Span

text: taking

text: it

text: on

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: instrument

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: songs

text: Maggie

text: May

text: by

text: Rod

text: Stewart

text: which

text: hit

text: No

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: British

text: charts

text: and

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: also

text: featured

text: Jackson

text: 's

text: playing

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: other

text: British

text: rock

text: musicians

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: 's

text: bassist

text: John

text: Paul

text: Jones

text: is

text: an

text: accomplished

text: mandolin

text: player

text: and

text: has

text: recorded

text: numerous

text: songs

text: on

text: mandolin

text: including

text: Going

text: to

text: California

text: and

text: That

text: 's

text: the

text: Way

text: the

text: mandolin

text: part

text: on

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Evermore

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: Jimmy

text: Page

text: who

text: composed

text: the

text: song

text: Other

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: songs

text: featuring

text: mandolin

text: are

text: Hey

text: Hey

text: What

text: Can

text: I

text: Do

text: and

text: Black

text: Country

text: Woman

text: Pete

text: Townshend

text: of

text: The

text: Who

text: played

text: mandolin

text: on

text: the

text: track

text: Mike

text: Post

text: Theme

text: along

text: with

text: many

text: other

text: tracks

text: on

text: Endless

text: Wire

text: McGuinness

text: Flint

text: for

text: whom

text: Graham

text: Lyle

text: played

text: the

text: mandolin

text: on

text: their

text: most

text: successful

text: single

text: When

text: I

text: 'm

text: Dead

text: And

text: Gone

text: is

text: another

text: example

text: Lyle

text: was

text: also

text: briefly

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: Ronnie

text: Lane

text: 's

text: Slim

text: Chance

text: and

text: played

text: mandolin

text: on

text: their

text: hit

text: How

text: Come

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: prominent

text: early

text: mandolin

text: players

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: was

text: Robin

text: Williamson

text: in

text: The

text: Incredible

text: String

text: Band

text: Ian

text: Anderson

text: of

text: Jethro

text: Tull

text: is

text: a

text: highly

text: accomplished

text: mandolin

text: player

text: beautiful

text: track

text: Pussy

text: Willow

text: as

text: is

text: his

text: guitarist

text: Martin

text: Barre

text: The

text: popular

text: song

text: Please

text: Please

text: Please

text: Let

text: Me

text: Get

text: What

text: I

text: Want

text: by

text: The

text: Smiths

text: featured

text: a

text: mandolin

text: solo

text: played

text: by

text: Johnny

text: Marr

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: Glasgow

text: based

text: band

text: Sons

text: and

text: Daughters

text: featured

text: the

text: mandolin

text: played

text: by

text: Ailidh

text: Lennon

text: on

text: tracks

text: such

text: as

text: Fight

text: Start

text: to

text: End

text: and

text: Medicine

text: British

text: folk

text: punk

text: icons

text: the

text: Levellers

text: also

text: regularly

text: use

text: the

text: mandolin

text: in

text: their

text: songs

text: Current

text: bands

text: are

text: also

text: beginning

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: Mandolin

text: and

text: its

text: unique

text: sound

text: such

text: as

text: South

text: London

text: 's

text: Indigo

text: Moss

text: who

text: use

text: it

text: throughout

text: their

text: recordings

text: and

text: live

text: gigs

text: The

text: mandolin

text: has

text: also

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: playing

text: of

text: Matthew

text: Bellamy

text: in

text: the

text: rock

text: band

text: Muse

text: It

text: also

text: forms

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Paul

text: McCartney

text: 's

text: hit

text: Dance

text: Tonight

text: That

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: a

text: Beatle

text: played

text: a

text: mandolin

text: however

text: that

text: distinction

text: goes

text: to

text: George

text: Harrison

text: on

text: Gone

text: Troppo

text: the

text: title

text: cut

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: The

text: mandolin

text: is

text: taught

text: in

text: Lanarkshire

text: by

text: the

text: Lanarkshire

text: Guitar

text: and

text: Mandolin

text: Association

text: to

text: over

text: people

text: Also

text: more

text: recently

text: hard

text: rock

text: supergroup

text: Them

text: Crooked

text: Vultures

text: have

text: been

text: playing

text: a

text: song

text: based

text: primarily

text: using

text: a

text: mandolin

text: This

text: song

text: was

text: left

text: off

text: their

text: debut

text: album

text: and

text: features

text: former

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: bassist

text: John

text: Paul

text: Jones.[citation

text: needed

question: Who is a famous British player?

answer: Simon Mayor

text: Simon Mayor

question: What did Simon mayer produce?

answer: six solo albums, instructional books and DVDs, as well as recordings with his mandolin quartet the Mandolinquents.

text: six solo albums, instructional books and DVDs, as well as recordings with his mandolin quartet the Mandolinquents.

question: Who played the mandolin on the album Tubular Bells?

answer: Mike Oldfield

text: Mike Oldfield

question: What was UK's biggest selling album?

answer: "Fog on the Tyne

text: "Fog on the Tyne

question: What song by Rod Stewart used the mandolin?

answer: Maggie May

text: Maggie May


text: In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: In

text: the

text: system

text: began

text: its

text: transition

text: towards

text: global

text: coverage

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: launch

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: generation

text: of

text: satellites

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: within

text: the

text: new

text: system

question: When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?

answer: 2015

question: How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?

answer: with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites

text: with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites


text: Until mid-to-late adolescence, boys and girls show relatively little difference in drinking motives. Distinctions between the reasons for alcohol consumption of males and females begin to emerge around ages 14–15; overall, boys tend to view drinking in a more social light than girls, who report on average a more frequent use of alcohol as a coping mechanism. The latter effect appears to shift in late adolescence and onset of early adulthood (18–19 years of age); however, despite this trend, age tends to bring a greater desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping in both boys and girls.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Until

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: adolescence

text: boys

text: and

text: girls

text: show

text: relatively

text: little

text: difference

text: in

text: drinking

text: motives

text: Distinctions

text: between

text: the

text: reasons

text: for

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: of

text: males

text: and

text: females

text: begin

text: to

text: emerge

text: around

text: ages

text: overall

text: boys

text: tend

text: to

text: view

text: drinking

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: social

text: light

text: than

text: girls

text: who

text: report

text: on

text: average

text: a

text: more

text: frequent

text: use

text: of

text: alcohol

text: as

text: a

text: coping

text: mechanism

text: The

text: latter

text: effect

text: appears

text: to

text: shift

text: in

text: late

text: adolescence

text: and

text: onset

text: of

text: early

text: adulthood

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: however

text: despite

text: this

text: trend

text: age

text: tends

text: to

text: bring

text: a

text: greater

text: desire

text: to

text: drink

text: for

text: pleasure

text: rather

text: than

text: coping

text: in

text: both

text: boys

text: and

text: girls

question: During what ages do reasons for alcohol consumption between males and females begin to diverge?

answer: 14–15

question: Do boys or girls view drinking in a more social light?

answer: boys

text: boys

question: Which gender reports most frequently using alcohol as a coping mechanism?

answer: girls

text: girls

question: Does age bring a greater or smaller desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping?

answer: greater

text: greater


text: On 8 September 1945, U.S. Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th parallel. Appointed as military governor, General Hodge directly controlled South Korea as head of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK 1945–48). He established control by restoring to power the key Japanese colonial administrators, but in the face of Korean protests he quickly reversed this decision. The USAMGIK refused to recognize the provisional government of the short-lived People's Republic of Korea (PRK) because it suspected it was communist.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: September

text: U.S.

text: Lt

text: Gen.

text: John

text: R.

text: Hodge

text: arrived

text: in

text: Incheon

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: Japanese

text: surrender

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: Appointed

text: as

text: military

text: governor

text: General

text: Hodge

text: directly

text: controlled

text: South

text: Korea

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Military

text: Government

text: in

text: Korea

text: USAMGIK

text: He

text: established

text: control

text: by

text: restoring

text: to

text: power

text: the

text: key

text: Japanese

text: colonial

text: administrators

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: Korean

text: protests

text: he

text: quickly

text: reversed

text: this

text: decision

text: The

text: USAMGIK

text: refused

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: provisional

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: PRK

text: because

text: it

text: suspected

text: it

text: was

text: communist

question: Who accepted Japan's surrender?

answer: Gen. John R. Hodge

text: Gen. John R. Hodge

question: What was General Hodge appointed the head of?

answer: United States Army Military Government in Korea

text: United States Army Military Government in Korea

question: What government was not recognized by the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea?

answer: People's Republic of Korea

text: People's Republic of Korea

question: Why was the People's Republic of Korea not recognized?

answer: it was communist

text: it was communist

question: Who did General Hodge restore power to, resulting in protests?

answer: Japanese colonial administrators

text: Japanese colonial administrators


text: The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc. It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of consonants and vowels (the articulation of the Quranic phonemes), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: proper

text: recitation

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: a

text: separate

text: discipline

text: named

text: tajwid

text: which

text: determines

text: in

text: detail

text: how

text: the

text: Quran

text: should

text: be

text: recited

text: how

text: each

text: individual

text: syllable

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: pronounced

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: pay

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: places

text: where

text: there

text: should

text: be

text: a

text: pause

text: to

text: elisions

text: where

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: should

text: be

text: long

text: or

text: short

text: where

text: letters

text: should

text: be

text: sounded

text: together

text: and

text: where

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: kept

text: separate

text: etc

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: said

text: that

text: this

text: discipline

text: studies

text: the

text: laws

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: the

text: proper

text: recitation

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: covers

text: three

text: main

text: areas

text: the

text: proper

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: consonants

text: and

text: vowels

text: the

text: articulation

text: of

text: the

text: Quranic

text: phonemes

text: the

text: rules

text: of

text: pause

text: in

text: recitation

text: and

text: of

text: resumption

text: of

text: recitation

text: and

text: the

text: musical

text: and

text: melodious

text: features

text: of

text: recitation

question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited?

answer: tajwid

text: tajwid

question: Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Quran?

answer: pronunciation

text: pronunciation

question: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of articulating Quranic verses?

answer: pause in recitation

text: pause in recitation

question: Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation covered by tajwid?

answer: musical and melodious

text: musical and melodious


text: Shawn Vancour argues that the commercialization of classical music in the early 20th century served to harm the music industry through inadequate representation.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Shawn

text: Vancour

text: argues

text: that

text: the

text: commercialization

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: served

text: to

text: harm

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: through

text: inadequate

text: representation

question: What harmed the music industry in the 20th century according to Shawn Vancour?

answer: the commercialization of classical music

text: the commercialization of classical music

question: Who argued that the commercialization of classical music was harmful to the music industry?

answer: Shawn Vancour

text: Shawn Vancour

question: Why was the commercialization of classical music harmful to the music industry according the Shawn Vancour?

answer: inadequate representation.

text: inadequate representation.


text: Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League – the top tier of British basketball. They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983. Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843, the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League. Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League. Plymouth was home to an American football club, the Plymouth Admirals until 2010. Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Other

text: sports

text: clubs

text: include

text: Plymouth

text: Albion

text: R.F.C.

text: and

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Raiders

text: basketball

text: club

text: Plymouth

text: Albion

text: Rugby

text: Football

text: Club

text: is

text: a

text: rugby

text: union

text: club

text: that

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: are

text: currently

text: competing

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: tier

text: of

text: Professional

text: English

text: Rugby

text: They

text: play

text: at

text: the

text: Brickfields

text: Plymouth

text: Raiders

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Basketball

text: League

text: the

text: top

text: tier

text: of

text: British

text: basketball

text: They

text: play

text: at

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Pavilions

text: entertainment

text: arena

text: and

text: were

text: founded

text: in

text: Plymouth

text: cricket

text: club

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: current

text: XI

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Devon

text: Premier

text: League

text: Plymouth

text: Devils

text: are

text: a

text: speedway

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Premier

text: League

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: American

text: football

text: club

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Admirals

text: until

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: Plymouth

text: Marjons

text: Hockey

text: Club

text: with

text: their

text: XI

text: playing

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: last

text: season

question: What rugby union team is based in Plymouth?

answer: Plymouth Albion R.F.C.

text: Plymouth Albion R.F.C.

question: What British Basketball League team calls Plymouth home?

answer: Plymouth Raiders

text: Plymouth Raiders

question: When was Plymouth Albion R.F.C. founded?

answer: 1875

question: Where do the Plymouth Raiders play their home games?

answer: Plymouth Pavilions

text: Plymouth Pavilions

question: When were the Plymouth Raiders inaugurated?

answer: 1983


text: In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo ("maiden" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, "maiden"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgilius by analogy with the Latin virga ("wand") due to the magical or prophetic powers attributed to Virgil in the Middle Ages (this explanation is found in only a handful of manuscripts, however, and was probably not widespread). In Norman schools (following the French practice), the habit was to anglicize Latin names by dropping their Latin endings, hence Virgil. In the 19th century, some German-trained classicists in the United States suggested modification to Vergil, as it is closer to his original name, and is also the traditional German spelling.[citation needed] Modern usage permits both, though the Oxford guide to style recommends Vergilius to avoid confusion with the 8th-century grammarian Virgilius Maro Grammaticus. Some post-Renaissance writers liked to affect the sobriquet "The Swan of Mantua".[citation needed]

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: In

text: the

text: Late

text: Empire

text: and

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Vergilius

text: was

text: spelled

text: Virgilius

text: Two

text: explanations

text: are

text: commonly

text: given

text: for

text: this

text: alteration

text: One

text: deduces

text: a

text: false

text: etymology

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: word

text: virgo

text: maiden

text: in

text: Latin

text: due

text: to

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: excessive

text: maiden

text: like

text: modesty

text: Alternatively

text: some

text: argue

text: that

text: Vergilius

text: was

text: altered

text: to

text: Virgilius

text: by

text: analogy

text: with

text: the

text: Latin

text: virga

text: wand

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: magical

text: or

text: prophetic

text: powers

text: attributed

text: to

text: Virgil

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: this

text: explanation

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: only

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: manuscripts

text: however

text: and

text: was

text: probably

text: not

text: widespread

text: In

text: Norman

text: schools

text: following

text: the

text: French

text: practice

text: the

text: habit

text: was

text: to

text: anglicize

text: Latin

text: names

text: by

text: dropping

text: their

text: Latin

text: endings

text: hence

text: Virgil

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: some

text: German

text: trained

text: classicists

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: suggested

text: modification

text: to

text: Vergil

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: closer

text: to

text: his

text: original

text: name

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: traditional

text: German

text: spelling.[citation

text: needed

text: Modern

text: usage

text: permits

text: both

text: though

text: the

text: Oxford

text: guide

text: to

text: style

text: recommends

text: Vergilius

text: to

text: avoid

text: confusion

text: with

text: the

text: century

text: grammarian

text: Virgilius

text: Maro

text: Grammaticus

text: Some

text: post

text: Renaissance

text: writers

text: liked

text: to

text: affect

text: the

text: sobriquet

text: The

text: Swan

text: of

text: Mantua".[citation

text: needed

question: Besides Virgilius, which other spelling is permitted in modern usage?

answer: Vergilius

text: Vergilius

question: During which time period was Vergilius spelled Virgilius?

answer: Late Empire and Middle Ages

text: Late Empire and Middle Ages

question: In what century did some German-trained classicists in the US suggest modifying the common usage to Vergil?

answer: 19th

question: Which style guide recommends using Vergilius to avoid confusion with Virgilius Maro Grammaticus?

answer: Oxford

text: Oxford


text: 24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th).

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: in

text: two

text: parts

text: Street

text: starts

text: at

text: First

text: Avenue

text: and

text: it

text: ends

text: at

text: Madison

text: Avenue

text: because

text: of

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Park

text: Street

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: three

text: parts

text: starts

text: at

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: is

text: a

text: pedestrian

text: plaza

text: between

text: Third

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Lexington

text: Avenue

text: and

text: ends

text: at

text: Madison

text: Then

text: West

text: and

text: Streets

text: continue

text: from

text: Fifth

text: Avenue

text: to

text: Eleventh

text: Avenue

text: or

text: Twelfth

text: Avenue

question: Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?

answer: 25th Street

text: 25th Street

question: Where does 24th street start?

answer: First Avenue

text: First Avenue

question: Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue?

answer: Madison Square Park

text: Madison Square Park

question: Where does 25th Street end?

answer: Madison

text: Madison

question: After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?

answer: Fifth Avenue

text: Fifth Avenue


text: The City of Charleston Fire Department consists over 300 full-time firefighters. These firefighters operate out of 19 companies located throughout the city: 16 engine companies, two tower companies, and one ladder company. Training, Fire Marshall, Operations, and Administration are the divisions of the department. The department operates on a 24/48 schedule and had a Class 1 ISO rating until late 2008, when ISO officially lowered it to Class 3. Russell (Rusty) Thomas served as Fire Chief until June 2008, and was succeeded by Chief Thomas Carr in November 2008.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Charleston

text: Fire

text: Department

text: consists

text: over

text: full

text: time

text: firefighters

text: These

text: firefighters

text: operate

text: out

text: of

text: companies

text: located

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: engine

text: companies

text: two

text: tower

text: companies

text: and

text: one

text: ladder

text: company

text: Training

text: Fire

text: Marshall

text: Operations

text: and

text: Administration

text: are

text: the

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: department

text: The

text: department

text: operates

text: on

text: a

text: schedule

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: Class

text: ISO

text: rating

text: until

text: late

text: when

text: ISO

text: officially

text: lowered

text: it

text: to

text: Class

text: Russell

text: Rusty

text: Thomas

text: served

text: as

text: Fire

text: Chief

text: until

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Chief

text: Thomas

text: Carr

text: in

text: November

question: How many companies are there in the City of Charleston Fire Department?

answer: 19

question: How many full time firefighters do Charleston have?

answer: 300

question: Who was the Fire Chief until June 2008?

answer: Russell (Rusty) Thomas

text: Russell (Rusty) Thomas

question: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2008?

answer: Chief Thomas Carr

text: Chief Thomas Carr

question: How many tower companies does the fire department have?

answer: two

text: two


text: The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them. For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-commutativity of the two corresponding operators. This new mathematical formulation included as special cases the formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger. When Heisenberg was informed von Neumann had clarified the difference between an unbounded operator that was a Self-adjoint operator and one that was merely symmetric, Heisenberg replied "Eh? What is the difference?"

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: The

text: physics

text: of

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: was

text: thereby

text: reduced

text: to

text: the

text: mathematics

text: of

text: Hilbert

text: spaces

text: and

text: linear

text: operators

text: acting

text: on

text: them

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: uncertainty

text: principle

text: according

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: determination

text: of

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: a

text: particle

text: prevents

text: the

text: determination

text: of

text: its

text: momentum

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: is

text: translated

text: into

text: the

text: non

text: commutativity

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: corresponding

text: operators

text: This

text: new

text: mathematical

text: formulation

text: included

text: as

text: special

text: cases

text: the

text: formulations

text: of

text: both

text: Heisenberg

text: and

text: Schrödinger

text: When

text: Heisenberg

text: was

text: informed

text: von

text: Neumann

text: had

text: clarified

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: an

text: unbounded

text: operator

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: Self

text: adjoint

text: operator

text: and

text: one

text: that

text: was

text: merely

text: symmetric

text: Heisenberg

text: replied

text: Eh

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: difference

question: What are the physics of quantum mechanics?

answer: mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them

text: mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them

question: What is the uncertainty principle?

answer: determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa

text: determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa

question: The physics of quantum mechanics included special cases for what work?

answer: formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger

text: formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger


text: Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: Several

text: MLB

text: teams

text: used

text: to

text: play

text: regular

text: exhibition

text: games

text: during

text: the

text: year

text: against

text: nearby

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: major

text: league

text: but

text: regular

text: season

text: interleague

text: play

text: has

text: made

text: such

text: games

text: unnecessary

text: The

text: two

text: Canadian

text: MLB

text: teams

text: the

text: Toronto

text: Blue

text: Jays

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: Montreal

text: Expos

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: met

text: annually

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: Pearson

text: Cup

text: exhibition

text: game

text: this

text: tradition

text: ended

text: when

text: the

text: Expos

text: moved

text: to

text: Washington

text: DC

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: Similarly

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Yankees

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: Trophy

text: Game

text: against

text: various

text: local

text: rivals

text: from

text: to

question: What development has made it unnecessary for MLB teams to play exhibition games with teams from other leagues?

answer: regular-season interleague play

text: regular-season interleague play

question: What league are the Toronto Bluejays in?

answer: American League

text: American League

question: What league are the Montreal Expos in?

answer: National League

text: National League

question: What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?

answer: the Pearson Cup

text: the Pearson Cup

question: When did the Mayor's Trophy Game end?

answer: 1983


text: Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming around and telling them 'The Chief wants this'. The administration never made use of many Republicans of consequence whose services in one form or another would have been available for the asking."

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Speaker

text: Martin

text: concluded

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: worked

text: too

text: much

text: through

text: subordinates

text: in

text: dealing

text: with

text: Congress

text: with

text: results

text: often

text: the

text: reverse

text: of

text: what

text: he

text: has

text: desired

text: because

text: Members

text: of

text: Congress

text: resent

text: having

text: some

text: young

text: fellow

text: who

text: was

text: picked

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: without

text: ever

text: having

text: been

text: elected

text: to

text: office

text: himself

text: coming

text: around

text: and

text: telling

text: them

text: The

text: Chief

text: wants

text: this

text: The

text: administration

text: never

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: many

text: Republicans

text: of

text: consequence

text: whose

text: services

text: in

text: one

text: form

text: or

text: another

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: available

text: for

text: the

text: asking

question: What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress?

answer: worked too much through subordinates

text: worked too much through subordinates

question: As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him?

answer: reverse of what he has desired

text: reverse of what he has desired

question: Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of?

answer: Republicans of consequence

text: Republicans of consequence


text: Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002-2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007-2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: Several

text: political

text: figures

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: Zhejiang

text: 's

text: top

text: political

text: office

text: of

text: Communist

text: Party

text: Secretary

text: have

text: played

text: key

text: roles

text: in

text: various

text: events

text: in

text: PRC

text: history

text: Tan

text: Zhenlin

text: term

text: the

text: inaugural

text: Party

text: Secretary

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: voices

text: against

text: Mao

text: 's

text: Cultural

text: Revolution

text: during

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: February

text: Countercurrent

text: of

text: Jiang

text: Hua

text: term

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: justice

text: on

text: the

text: Special

text: Court

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: against

text: the

text: Gang

text: of

text: Four

text: in

text: Three

text: provincial

text: Party

text: Secretaries

text: since

text: the

text: have

text: gone

text: onto

text: prominence

text: at

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: They

text: include

text: CPC

text: General

text: Secretary

text: and

text: President

text: Xi

text: Jinping

text: term

text: National

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: Chairman

text: and

text: former

text: Vice

text: Premier

text: Zhang

text: Dejiang

text: term

text: and

text: Zhao

text: Hongzhu

text: term

text: the

text: Deputy

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Commission

text: for

text: Discipline

text: Inspection

text: China

text: 's

text: top

text: anti

text: corruption

text: body

text: Of

text: Zhejiang

text: 's

text: fourteen

text: Party

text: Secretaries

text: since

text: were

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: province

question: When was Tan Zhenlin's term as Zhenjiang's Communist Party Secretary?

answer: 1949-1952

question: Who was the inaugural Communist Party Secretary of Zhenjiang?

answer: Tan Zhenlin

text: Tan Zhenlin

question: When was the so-called February Countercurrent?

answer: 1967

question: When was Jiang Hua's term?

answer: 1956-1968

question: When was the case against the Gang of Four?

answer: 1980


text: Kerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia." In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization. In 1995, President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: chaired

text: the

text: Senate

text: Select

text: Committee

text: on

text: POW

text: MIA

text: Affairs

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: committee

text: 's

text: report

text: which

text: Kerry

text: endorsed

text: stated

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: compelling

text: evidence

text: that

text: proves

text: that

text: any

text: American

text: remains

text: alive

text: in

text: captivity

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: In

text: the

text: Senate

text: passed

text: a

text: resolution

text: sponsored

text: by

text: Kerry

text: and

text: fellow

text: Vietnam

text: veteran

text: John

text: McCain

text: that

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: existing

text: trade

text: embargo

text: against

text: Vietnam

text: it

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: normalization

text: In

text: President

text: Bill

text: Clinton

text: normalized

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: Vietnam

question: What committee did Kerry chair in 1991-1993?

answer: the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs

text: the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs

question: What did the POW/MIA committee conclude about Vietnam POWs?

answer: there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."

text: there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."

question: When did Kerry sponsor a resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam?

answer: 1994

question: Who sponsored the resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam, along with Kerry?

answer: John McCain

text: John McCain

question: When did Bill Clinton normalize relations with Vietnam?

answer: 1995


text: In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 100 documents were published; 70 remained secret, and unpublished. Among the documents published is the Warsaw Treaty's nuclear war plan, Seven Days to the River Rhine – a short, swift counter-attack capturing Austria, Denmark, Germany and Netherlands east of River Rhine, using nuclear weapons, in self-defense, after a NATO first strike. The plan originated as a 1979 field training exercise war game, and metamorphosed into official Warsaw Treaty battle doctrine, until the late 1980s – which is why the People's Republic of Poland was a nuclear weapons base, first, to 178, then, to 250 tactical-range rockets. Doctrinally, as a Soviet-style (offensive) battle plan, Seven Days to the River Rhine gave commanders few defensive-war strategies for fighting NATO in Warsaw Treaty territory.[citation needed]

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: Polish

text: government

text: opened

text: its

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: archives

text: to

text: the

text: Institute

text: of

text: National

text: Remembrance

text: who

text: published

text: some

text: declassified

text: documents

text: in

text: January

text: Yet

text: the

text: Polish

text: government

text: reserved

text: publication

text: of

text: documents

text: pending

text: their

text: military

text: declassification

text: Eventually

text: of

text: the

text: reserved

text: documents

text: were

text: published

text: remained

text: secret

text: and

text: unpublished

text: Among

text: the

text: documents

text: published

text: is

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: 's

text: nuclear

text: war

text: plan

text: Seven

text: Days

text: to

text: the

text: River

text: Rhine

text: a

text: short

text: swift

text: counter

text: attack

text: capturing

text: Austria

text: Denmark

text: Germany

text: and

text: Netherlands

text: east

text: of

text: River

text: Rhine

text: using

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: in

text: self

text: defense

text: after

text: a

text: NATO

text: first

text: strike

text: The

text: plan

text: originated

text: as

text: a

text: field

text: training

text: exercise

text: war

text: game

text: and

text: metamorphosed

text: into

text: official

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: battle

text: doctrine

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: which

text: is

text: why

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: was

text: a

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: base

text: first

text: to

text: then

text: to

text: tactical

text: range

text: rockets

text: Doctrinally

text: as

text: a

text: Soviet

text: style

text: offensive

text: battle

text: plan

text: Seven

text: Days

text: to

text: the

text: River

text: Rhine

text: gave

text: commanders

text: few

text: defensive

text: war

text: strategies

text: for

text: fighting

text: NATO

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: Treaty

text: territory.[citation

text: needed

question: In which year did Poland declassify most of its Warsaw Pact-era archives?

answer: 2005

question: How many documents remain classified?

answer: 70

question: What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's planned counteroffensive to a NATO first strike?

answer: Seven Days to the River Rhine

text: Seven Days to the River Rhine

question: How many nuclear weapons were eventually housed in Poland?

answer: 250

question: In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived?

answer: 1979


text: Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce. As a result, all filming, photographing, and videotaping by the public in the exhibition areas has been prohibited since February 25, 2010.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: Once

text: inside

text: the

text: Rotunda

text: for

text: the

text: Charters

text: of

text: Freedom

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: lines

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: individual

text: documents

text: and

text: visitors

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: walk

text: from

text: document

text: to

text: document

text: as

text: they

text: wish

text: For

text: over

text: years

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: have

text: forbidden

text: flash

text: photography

text: but

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: cameras

text: with

text: automatic

text: flashes

text: have

text: made

text: the

text: rules

text: increasingly

text: difficult

text: to

text: enforce

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: all

text: filming

text: photographing

text: and

text: videotaping

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: in

text: the

text: exhibition

text: areas

text: has

text: been

text: prohibited

text: since

text: February

question: Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?

answer: February 25, 2010

text: February 25, 2010

question: For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography?

answer: over 30 years

text: over 30 years

question: What is an aspect of a visit to the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?

answer: no lines

text: no lines

question: What has made the no photography rule hard to enforce in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?

answer: advent of cameras with automatic flashes

text: advent of cameras with automatic flashes


text: Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia. This move effectively crippled Armenia's economy as 85% of its cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic. In 1993, Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Ter

text: Petrosyan

text: led

text: Armenia

text: alongside

text: Defense

text: Minister

text: Vazgen

text: Sargsyan

text: through

text: the

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: War

text: with

text: neighboring

text: Azerbaijan

text: The

text: initial

text: post

text: Soviet

text: years

text: were

text: marred

text: by

text: economic

text: difficulties

text: which

text: had

text: their

text: roots

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: Karabakh

text: conflict

text: when

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: Popular

text: Front

text: managed

text: to

text: pressure

text: the

text: Azerbaijan

text: SSR

text: to

text: instigate

text: a

text: railway

text: and

text: air

text: blockade

text: against

text: Armenia

text: This

text: move

text: effectively

text: crippled

text: Armenia

text: 's

text: economy

text: as

text: of

text: its

text: cargo

text: and

text: goods

text: arrived

text: through

text: rail

text: traffic

text: In

text: Turkey

text: joined

text: the

text: blockade

text: against

text: Armenia

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

question: When did Turkey decide to become part of the blockade against Armenia?

answer: 1993

question: How does Armenia get most of it's commodities?

answer: rail traffic

text: rail traffic

question: Who did Armenia fight in teh Nagorno-Karabakh War?

answer: Azerbaijan

text: Azerbaijan

question: What prevented Armenia from getting it's commodities?

answer: a railway and air blockade

text: a railway and air blockade

question: What percent of Armenias commodities were transported via rail traffic?

answer: 85%


text: Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush. The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Apart

text: from

text: residences

text: for

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: class

text: households

text: sanitation

text: is

text: insufficient

text: in

text: most

text: residential

text: areas

text: Private

text: flush

text: toilets

text: are

text: too

text: expensive

text: for

text: virtually

text: all

text: residents

text: in

text: townships

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: water

text: consumption

text: and

text: installation

text: cost

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: access

text: to

text: improved

text: sanitation

text: has

text: not

text: increased

text: much

text: since

text: independence

text: In

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: rural

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: basic

text: sanitation

text: up

text: from

text: in

text: Many

text: of

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: have

text: to

text: resort

text: to

text: flying

text: toilets

text: plastic

text: bags

text: to

text: defecate

text: which

text: after

text: use

text: are

text: flung

text: into

text: the

text: bush

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: open

text: areas

text: close

text: to

text: residential

text: land

text: to

text: urinate

text: and

text: defecate

text: is

text: very

text: common

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: identified

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: health

text: hazard

question: Most residential areas are insufficient in what area of Namibia?

answer: sanitation

text: sanitation

question: Besides installation cost, why are private flush toilets too expensive for most residents in Namibia?

answer: water consumption

text: water consumption

question: What do Namibian's use as a toilet?

answer: flying toilets

text: flying toilets

question: Where do flying toilets end up after use?

answer: bush

text: bush

question: Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what?

answer: major health hazard

text: major health hazard


text: Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had been well cultivated and developed into one of the commercial, cultural and political centers of China during the rule of East Wu. This city would soon play a vital role in the following centuries.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: first

text: became

text: a

text: state

text: capital

text: in

text: AD

text: when

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Wu

text: founded

text: by

text: Sun

text: Quan

text: during

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: period

text: relocated

text: its

text: capital

text: to

text: Jianye

text: 建業

text: the

text: city

text: extended

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Jinling

text: Yi

text: in

text: AD

text: Although

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: and

text: its

text: neighbouring

text: areas

text: had

text: been

text: well

text: cultivated

text: and

text: developed

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: commercial

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: centers

text: of

text: China

text: during

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: East

text: Wu

text: This

text: city

text: would

text: soon

text: play

text: a

text: vital

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: centuries

question: When did Nanjing become a state capital?

answer: 229 AD

text: 229 AD

question: Who founded Eastern Wu?

answer: Sun Quan

text: Sun Quan

question: When was Eastern Wu founded?

answer: during the Three Kingdoms period

text: during the Three Kingdoms period

question: Who defeated Nanjing and took over in 280?

answer: the Western Jin dynasty

text: the Western Jin dynasty

question: When was Nanjing extended?

answer: 211 AD

text: 211 AD


text: Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Others

text: have

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: not

text: enough

text: of

text: these

text: loans

text: made

text: to

text: cause

text: a

text: crisis

text: of

text: this

text: magnitude

text: In

text: an

text: article

text: in

text: Portfolio

text: Magazine

text: Michael

text: Lewis

text: spoke

text: with

text: one

text: trader

text: who

text: noted

text: that

text: There

text: were

text: n’t

text: enough

text: Americans

text: with

text: bad

text: credit

text: taking

text: out

text: bad

text: loans

text: to

text: satisfy

text: investors

text: appetite

text: for

text: the

text: end

text: product

text: Essentially

text: investment

text: banks

text: and

text: hedge

text: funds

text: used

text: financial

text: innovation

text: to

text: enable

text: large

text: wagers

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: actual

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: underlying

text: mortgage

text: loans

text: using

text: derivatives

text: called

text: credit

text: default

text: swaps

text: collateralized

text: debt

text: obligations

text: and

text: synthetic

text: CDOs

question: What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers?

answer: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.

text: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.

question: Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?

answer: derivatives

text: derivatives

question: Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?

answer: Portfolio Magazine

text: Portfolio Magazine

question: What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers?

answer: derivatives

text: derivatives

question: What are some names of derivatives?

answer: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs

text: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs


text: Von Neumann's ability to instantaneously perform complex operations in his head stunned other mathematicians. Eugene Wigner wrote that, seeing von Neumann's mind at work, "one had the impression of a perfect instrument whose gears were machined to mesh accurately to a thousandth of an inch." Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring." Israel Halperin said: "Keeping up with him was ... impossible. The feeling was you were on a tricycle chasing a racing car." Edward Teller wrote that von Neumann effortlessly outdid anybody he ever met, and said "I never could keep up with him". Teller also said "von Neumann would carry on a conversation with my 3-year-old son, and the two of them would talk as equals, and I sometimes wondered if he used the same principle when he talked to the rest of us. Most people avoid thinking if they can, some of us are addicted to thinking, but von Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: instantaneously

text: perform

text: complex

text: operations

text: in

text: his

text: head

text: stunned

text: other

text: mathematicians

text: Eugene

text: Wigner

text: wrote

text: that

text: seeing

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: mind

text: at

text: work

text: one

text: had

text: the

text: impression

text: of

text: a

text: perfect

text: instrument

text: whose

text: gears

text: were

text: machined

text: to

text: mesh

text: accurately

text: to

text: a

text: thousandth

text: of

text: an

text: inch

text: Paul

text: Halmos

text: states

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: speed

text: was

text: awe

text: inspiring

text: Israel

text: Halperin

text: said

text: Keeping

text: up

text: with

text: him

text: was

text: impossible

text: The

text: feeling

text: was

text: you

text: were

text: on

text: a

text: tricycle

text: chasing

text: a

text: racing

text: car

text: Edward

text: Teller

text: wrote

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: effortlessly

text: outdid

text: anybody

text: he

text: ever

text: met

text: and

text: said

text: I

text: never

text: could

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: him

text: Teller

text: also

text: said

text: von

text: Neumann

text: would

text: carry

text: on

text: a

text: conversation

text: with

text: my

text: old

text: son

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: of

text: them

text: would

text: talk

text: as

text: equals

text: and

text: I

text: sometimes

text: wondered

text: if

text: he

text: used

text: the

text: same

text: principle

text: when

text: he

text: talked

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: us

text: Most

text: people

text: avoid

text: thinking

text: if

text: they

text: can

text: some

text: of

text: us

text: are

text: addicted

text: to

text: thinking

text: but

text: von

text: Neumann

text: actually

text: enjoyed

text: thinking

text: maybe

text: even

text: to

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: everything

text: else

question: How quickly was von Neumann able to complete math in his head?

answer: stunned other mathematicians

text: stunned other mathematicians

question: Were other mathematicians amazed by von Neumann?

answer: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."

text: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."

question: Did von Neumann enjoy thinking?

answer: Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else.

text: Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else.