text: Everton hold the record for the most seasons in England's top tier (Division One/Premier League), at 111 seasons out of 114 as of 2014–15 (the club played in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of seven teams to have played all 22 seasons of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the others being Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight, as of the 2012–13 season the two founder members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games.

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: Everton

text: hold

text: the

text: record

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: seasons

text: in

text: England

text: 's

text: top

text: tier

text: Division

text: One

text: Premier

text: League

text: at

text: seasons

text: out

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: club

text: played

text: in

text: Division

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: They

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: seven

text: teams

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: all

text: seasons

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: since

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: August

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: Arsenal

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: Chelsea

text: Liverpool

text: Manchester

text: United

text: and

text: Tottenham

text: Hotspur

text: Everton

text: against

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: played

text: fixture

text: in

text: England

text: 's

text: top

text: flight

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: two

text: founder

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: record

text: league

text: games

question: How many seasons out of the last 114 has Everton been in England's top tier?

answer: 111

question: How many other teams have played all 22 seasons in the Premier League since its inception?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: When was the Premier League established?

answer: 1992

question: What match has been played the most since the inception of the Premier League?

answer: Everton against Aston Villa

text: Everton against Aston Villa

question: How many games has Everton played against Aston Villa?

answer: 196


text: A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: A

text: railway

text: electrification

text: system

text: supplies

text: electric

text: power

text: to

text: railway

text: trains

text: and

text: trams

text: without

text: an

text: on

text: board

text: prime

text: mover

text: or

text: local

text: fuel

text: supply

text: Electrification

text: has

text: many

text: advantages

text: but

text: requires

text: significant

text: capital

text: expenditure

text: Selection

text: of

text: an

text: electrification

text: system

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: economics

text: of

text: energy

text: supply

text: maintenance

text: and

text: capital

text: cost

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: revenue

text: obtained

text: for

text: freight

text: and

text: passenger

text: traffic

text: Different

text: systems

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: urban

text: and

text: intercity

text: areas

text: some

text: electric

text: locomotives

text: can

text: switch

text: to

text: different

text: supply

text: voltages

text: to

text: allow

text: flexibility

text: in

text: operation

question: What is of the factors the capital cost of electrification system depends on?

answer: maintenance

text: maintenance

question: How do some locomotives function in order to be more flexible in operation?

answer: can switch to different supply voltages

text: can switch to different supply voltages

question: What are two types of revenue obtained through railway transportation?

answer: freight and passenger traffic

text: freight and passenger traffic

question: What is the main disadvantage of railway electrification?

answer: significant capital expenditure

text: significant capital expenditure


text: Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year. Food crops are not exported in large quantities, but still constitute the principal cash crops of the country, because Central Africans derive far more income from the periodic sale of surplus food crops than from exported cash crops such as cotton or coffee.[citation needed] Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: cultivation

text: and

text: sale

text: of

text: food

text: crops

text: such

text: as

text: cassava

text: peanuts

text: maize

text: sorghum

text: millet

text: sesame

text: and

text: plantain

text: The

text: annual

text: real

text: GDP

text: growth

text: rate

text: is

text: just

text: above

text: The

text: importance

text: of

text: food

text: crops

text: over

text: exported

text: cash

text: crops

text: is

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: production

text: of

text: cassava

text: the

text: staple

text: food

text: of

text: most

text: Central

text: Africans

text: ranges

text: between

text: and

text: tonnes

text: a

text: year

text: while

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: cotton

text: the

text: principal

text: exported

text: cash

text: crop

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: tonnes

text: a

text: year

text: Food

text: crops

text: are

text: not

text: exported

text: in

text: large

text: quantities

text: but

text: still

text: constitute

text: the

text: principal

text: cash

text: crops

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: because

text: Central

text: Africans

text: derive

text: far

text: more

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: periodic

text: sale

text: of

text: surplus

text: food

text: crops

text: than

text: from

text: exported

text: cash

text: crops

text: such

text: as

text: cotton

text: or

text: coffee.[citation

text: needed

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: self

text: sufficient

text: in

text: food

text: crops

text: however

text: livestock

text: development

text: is

text: hindered

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: tsetse

text: fly.[citation

text: needed

question: What type of agriculture is popular in the CAR?

answer: food crops

text: food crops

question: The economy grows at what rate in the last few years?

answer: 3%

question: How many tonnes of Cassave is produced per year?

answer: 200,000 and 300,000

text: 200,000 and 300,000

question: What product is produced that is exported?

answer: cotton

text: cotton

question: Which insect hinders livestock development?

answer: tsetse fly

text: tsetse fly


text: MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: or

text: Audio

text: Layer

text: III

text: more

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: is

text: an

text: audio

text: coding

text: format

text: for

text: digital

text: audio

text: which

text: uses

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: lossy

text: data

text: compression

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: audio

text: format

text: for

text: consumer

text: audio

text: streaming

text: or

text: storage

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: standard

text: of

text: digital

text: audio

text: compression

text: for

text: the

text: transfer

text: and

text: playback

text: of

text: music

text: on

text: most

text: digital

text: audio

text: players

question: What is the common name for MPEG-2 Audio Layer III?

answer: MP3

question: What kind of audio is the coding format for?

answer: digital

text: digital

question: Other than storage, what is the common audio format used for?

answer: consumer audio streaming

text: consumer audio streaming

question: What does MP3 use to format it's data?

answer: lossy data compression

text: lossy data compression

question: Where will MP3 files most commonly be found?

answer: digital audio players

text: digital audio players


text: Even so, the decision by OKL to support the strategy in Directive 23 was instigated by two considerations, both of which had little to do with wanting to destroy Britain's sea communications in conjunction with the Kriegsmarine. First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led OKL to adopt the naval option. The indifference displayed by OKL to Directive 23 was perhaps best demonstrated in operational directives which diluted its effect. They emphasised the core strategic interest was attacking ports but they insisted in maintaining pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries building aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and explosives. Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Even

text: so

text: the

text: decision

text: by

text: OKL

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: strategy

text: in

text: Directive

text: was

text: instigated

text: by

text: two

text: considerations

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: little

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: wanting

text: to

text: destroy

text: Britain

text: 's

text: sea

text: communications

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Kriegsmarine

text: First

text: the

text: difficulty

text: in

text: estimating

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: bombing

text: upon

text: war

text: production

text: was

text: becoming

text: apparent

text: and

text: second

text: the

text: conclusion

text: British

text: morale

text: was

text: unlikely

text: to

text: break

text: led

text: OKL

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: naval

text: option

text: The

text: indifference

text: displayed

text: by

text: OKL

text: to

text: Directive

text: was

text: perhaps

text: best

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: operational

text: directives

text: which

text: diluted

text: its

text: effect

text: They

text: emphasised

text: the

text: core

text: strategic

text: interest

text: was

text: attacking

text: ports

text: but

text: they

text: insisted

text: in

text: maintaining

text: pressure

text: or

text: diverting

text: strength

text: onto

text: industries

text: building

text: aircraft

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: guns

text: and

text: explosives

text: Other

text: targets

text: would

text: be

text: considered

text: if

text: the

text: primary

text: ones

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: attacked

text: because

text: of

text: weather

text: conditions

question: What was the first consideration for the OKL to support Directive 23?

answer: difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production

text: difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production

question: What was the second consideration?

answer: the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break

text: the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break

question: What did the OKL insist on maintaining?

answer: pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries

text: pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries

question: When would other targets be considered available?

answer: if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions

text: if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions


text: Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2005, while new cases have decreased since 2002. China has achieved particularly dramatic progress, with about an 80% reduction in its TB mortality rate between 1990 and 2010. The number of new cases has declined by 17% between 2004–2014. Tuberculosis is more common in developing countries; about 80% of the population in many Asian and African countries test positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5–10% of the US population test positive. Hopes of totally controlling the disease have been dramatically dampened because of a number of factors, including the difficulty of developing an effective vaccine, the expensive and time-consuming diagnostic process, the necessity of many months of treatment, the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis, and the emergence of drug-resistant cases in the 1980s.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: Tuberculosis

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: from

text: infectious

text: disease

text: after

text: those

text: due

text: to

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: cases

text: has

text: been

text: decreasing

text: since

text: while

text: new

text: cases

text: have

text: decreased

text: since

text: China

text: has

text: achieved

text: particularly

text: dramatic

text: progress

text: with

text: about

text: an

text: reduction

text: in

text: its

text: TB

text: mortality

text: rate

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: cases

text: has

text: declined

text: by

text: between

text: Tuberculosis

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: many

text: Asian

text: and

text: African

text: countries

text: test

text: positive

text: in

text: tuberculin

text: tests

text: while

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: population

text: test

text: positive

text: Hopes

text: of

text: totally

text: controlling

text: the

text: disease

text: have

text: been

text: dramatically

text: dampened

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: factors

text: including

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: developing

text: an

text: effective

text: vaccine

text: the

text: expensive

text: and

text: time

text: consuming

text: diagnostic

text: process

text: the

text: necessity

text: of

text: many

text: months

text: of

text: treatment

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: HIV

text: associated

text: tuberculosis

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: drug

text: resistant

text: cases

text: in

text: the

question: What infectious disease causes more deaths than tuberculosis?

answer: HIV/AIDS

text: HIV/AIDS

question: When did new cases of TB infection start going down?

answer: 2002

question: What country has had the most success reducing the TB mortality rate?

answer: China

text: China

question: In what decade did some strains of drug-resistant TB start showing up?

answer: 1980s

question: How much did China reduce its rate of death from TB in the 20 years leading up to 2010?

answer: 80%


text: Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products. Supplementation of diet by hunting and gathering was to variable degrees precluded by the increase in population above the carrying capacity of the land and a high sedentary local population concentration. In some cultures, there would have been a significant shift toward increased starch and plant protein. The relative nutritional benefits and drawbacks of these dietary changes and their overall impact on early societal development is still debated.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Another

text: significant

text: change

text: undergone

text: by

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: newly

text: agrarian

text: communities

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: diet

text: Pre

text: agrarian

text: diets

text: varied

text: by

text: region

text: season

text: available

text: local

text: plant

text: and

text: animal

text: resources

text: and

text: degree

text: of

text: pastoralism

text: and

text: hunting

text: Post

text: agrarian

text: diet

text: was

text: restricted

text: to

text: a

text: limited

text: package

text: of

text: successfully

text: cultivated

text: cereal

text: grains

text: plants

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: variable

text: extent

text: domesticated

text: animals

text: and

text: animal

text: products

text: Supplementation

text: of

text: diet

text: by

text: hunting

text: and

text: gathering

text: was

text: to

text: variable

text: degrees

text: precluded

text: by

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: population

text: above

text: the

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: and

text: a

text: high

text: sedentary

text: local

text: population

text: concentration

text: In

text: some

text: cultures

text: there

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: significant

text: shift

text: toward

text: increased

text: starch

text: and

text: plant

text: protein

text: The

text: relative

text: nutritional

text: benefits

text: and

text: drawbacks

text: of

text: these

text: dietary

text: changes

text: and

text: their

text: overall

text: impact

text: on

text: early

text: societal

text: development

text: is

text: still

text: debated

question: What food related trend was significant in the new agrarian societies?

answer: diet

text: diet

question: What forms of availability dictated Pre-agrarian diets?

answer: local plant and animal resources

text: local plant and animal resources

question: What was included in the Post-agrarian diet?

answer: cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products.

text: cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products.

question: What forced the need to supplement food supply with hunting and gathering?

answer: the increase in population

text: the increase in population


text: The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure. The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient. The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used. When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: economic

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: geopolitical

text: structure

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: stood

text: between

text: the

text: West

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: thus

text: blocking

text: the

text: land

text: route

text: eastward

text: and

text: forcing

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: navigators

text: to

text: set

text: sail

text: in

text: search

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: Orient

text: The

text: Empire

text: controlled

text: the

text: spice

text: route

text: that

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: once

text: used

text: When

text: Vasco

text: da

text: Gama

text: bypassed

text: Ottoman

text: controlled

text: routes

text: and

text: established

text: direct

text: trade

text: links

text: with

text: India

text: in

text: and

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: first

text: journeyed

text: to

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: at

text: its

text: zenith

question: What serviced as the foundation for the structure of the economy of the Ottoman empire?

answer: its geopolitical structure

text: its geopolitical structure

question: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?

answer: Spanish and Portuguese

text: Spanish and Portuguese

question: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

question: When were direct trade links established with India?

answer: 1498

question: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?

answer: 1492


text: Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book publishers tend to use acid-free paper, made from fully bleached chemical pulps for hardback and trade paperback books.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Mechanical

text: pulping

text: yields

text: almost

text: a

text: tonne

text: of

text: pulp

text: per

text: tonne

text: of

text: dry

text: wood

text: used

text: which

text: is

text: why

text: mechanical

text: pulps

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: high

text: yield

text: pulps

text: With

text: almost

text: twice

text: the

text: yield

text: as

text: chemical

text: pulping

text: mechanical

text: pulps

text: is

text: often

text: cheaper

text: Mass

text: market

text: paperback

text: books

text: and

text: newspapers

text: tend

text: to

text: use

text: mechanical

text: papers

text: Book

text: publishers

text: tend

text: to

text: use

text: acid

text: free

text: paper

text: made

text: from

text: fully

text: bleached

text: chemical

text: pulps

text: for

text: hardback

text: and

text: trade

text: paperback

text: books

question: How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process?

answer: twice

text: twice

question: What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books?

answer: Mechanical

text: Mechanical

question: What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers?

answer: acid-free

text: acid-free


text: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life. Monks are venerated and supported by the lay people. A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu is the most important coming of age events for a boy, during which he enters the monastery for a short time. All male children in Buddhist families are encouraged to be a novice (beginner for Buddhism) before the age of twenty and to be a monk after the age of twenty. Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time. Burmese culture is most evident in villages where local festivals are held throughout the year, the most important being the pagoda festival. Many villages have a guardian nat, and superstition and taboos are commonplace.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: a

text: traditional

text: village

text: the

text: monastery

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: cultural

text: life

text: Monks

text: are

text: venerated

text: and

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: lay

text: people

text: A

text: novitiation

text: ceremony

text: called

text: shinbyu

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: events

text: for

text: a

text: boy

text: during

text: which

text: he

text: enters

text: the

text: monastery

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: All

text: male

text: children

text: in

text: Buddhist

text: families

text: are

text: encouraged

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: novice

text: beginner

text: for

text: Buddhism

text: before

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: monk

text: after

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: Girls

text: have

text: ear

text: piercing

text: ceremonies

text: နားသ

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Burmese

text: culture

text: is

text: most

text: evident

text: in

text: villages

text: where

text: local

text: festivals

text: are

text: held

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: being

text: the

text: pagoda

text: festival

text: Many

text: villages

text: have

text: a

text: guardian

text: nat

text: and

text: superstition

text: and

text: taboos

text: are

text: commonplace

question: Customarily where is the expected place in the lives of the people for the home of monks in Burma ?

answer: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life.

text: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life.

question: What event is exceedingly relevant for young males that involves monks in Burma ?

answer: A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu

text: A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu

question: What do girls of the village get in comparison the the young male event ?

answer: Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time.

text: Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time.

question: What is the biggest celebration held in local events in Burma ?

answer: the most important being the pagoda festival

text: the most important being the pagoda festival

question: What do many villages have that protects them in times of imminent or impending danger ?

answer: Many villages have a guardian nat

text: Many villages have a guardian nat


text: Information of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts. One method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 27] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of oldest teachings, is a matter of dispute.[page needed][page needed][page needed][page needed] According to Vetter, inconsistencies remain, and other methods must be applied to resolve those inconsistencies.[note 28]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Information

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: teachings

text: may

text: be

text: obtained

text: by

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: texts

text: One

text: method

text: to

text: obtain

text: information

text: on

text: the

text: oldest

text: core

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: to

text: compare

text: the

text: oldest

text: extant

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: Theravadin

text: Pali

text: Canon

text: and

text: other

text: texts.[note

text: The

text: reliability

text: of

text: these

text: sources

text: and

text: the

text: possibility

text: to

text: draw

text: out

text: a

text: core

text: of

text: oldest

text: teachings

text: is

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: dispute.[page

text: needed][page

text: needed][page

text: needed][page

text: needed

text: According

text: to

text: Vetter

text: inconsistencies

text: remain

text: and

text: other

text: methods

text: must

text: be

text: applied

text: to

text: resolve

text: those

text: inconsistencies.[note

question: What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings?

answer: The reliability

text: The reliability


text: As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: As

text: at

text: most

text: other

text: universities

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: 's

text: students

text: run

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: news

text: media

text: outlets

text: The

text: nine

text: student

text: run

text: outlets

text: include

text: three

text: newspapers

text: both

text: a

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: station

text: and

text: several

text: magazines

text: and

text: journals

text: Begun

text: as

text: a

text: one

text: page

text: journal

text: in

text: September

text: the

text: Scholastic

text: magazine

text: is

text: issued

text: twice

text: monthly

text: and

text: claims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuous

text: collegiate

text: publication

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: other

text: magazine

text: The

text: Juggler

text: is

text: released

text: twice

text: a

text: year

text: and

text: focuses

text: on

text: student

text: literature

text: and

text: artwork

text: The

text: Dome

text: yearbook

text: is

text: published

text: annually

text: The

text: newspapers

text: have

text: varying

text: publication

text: interests

text: with

text: The

text: Observer

text: published

text: daily

text: and

text: mainly

text: reporting

text: university

text: and

text: other

text: news

text: and

text: staffed

text: by

text: students

text: from

text: both

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: and

text: Saint

text: Mary

text: 's

text: College

text: Unlike

text: Scholastic

text: and

text: The

text: Dome

text: The

text: Observer

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: publication

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: faculty

text: advisor

text: or

text: any

text: editorial

text: oversight

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: In

text: when

text: some

text: students

text: believed

text: that

text: The

text: Observer

text: began

text: to

text: show

text: a

text: conservative

text: bias

text: a

text: liberal

text: newspaper

text: Common

text: Sense

text: was

text: published

text: Likewise

text: in

text: when

text: other

text: students

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: paper

text: showed

text: a

text: liberal

text: bias

text: the

text: conservative

text: paper

text: Irish

text: Rover

text: went

text: into

text: production

text: Neither

text: paper

text: is

text: published

text: as

text: often

text: as

text: The

text: Observer

text: however

text: all

text: three

text: are

text: distributed

text: to

text: all

text: students

text: Finally

text: in

text: Spring

text: an

text: undergraduate

text: journal

text: for

text: political

text: science

text: research

text: Beyond

text: Politics

text: made

text: its

text: debut

question: When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?

answer: September 1876

text: September 1876

question: How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?

answer: twice

text: twice

question: What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called?

answer: The Observer

text: The Observer

question: How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame?

answer: three

text: three

question: In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?

answer: 1987


text: Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: recognises

text: only

text: three

text: religions

text: Islam

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Judaism

text: Other

text: faiths

text: and

text: minority

text: Muslim

text: sects

text: practised

text: by

text: Egyptians

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: small

text: Bahá'í

text: and

text: Ahmadi

text: community

text: are

text: not

text: recognised

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: face

text: persecution

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: labelled

text: as

text: far

text: right

text: groups

text: that

text: threaten

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: national

text: security

text: Individuals

text: particularly

text: Baha'is

text: and

text: atheists

text: wishing

text: to

text: include

text: their

text: religion

text: or

text: lack

text: thereof

text: on

text: their

text: mandatory

text: state

text: issued

text: identification

text: cards

text: are

text: denied

text: this

text: ability

text: see

text: Egyptian

text: identification

text: card

text: controversy

text: and

text: are

text: put

text: in

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: either

text: not

text: obtaining

text: required

text: identification

text: or

text: lying

text: about

text: their

text: faith

text: A

text: court

text: ruling

text: allowed

text: members

text: of

text: unrecognised

text: faiths

text: to

text: obtain

text: identification

text: and

text: leave

text: the

text: religion

text: field

text: blank

question: What 3 religions does Egypt recognise?

answer: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism

text: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism

question: What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government?

answer: are not recognised by the state

text: are not recognised by the state

question: Until what year did some minorities need to lie about religion or not get mandatory state issued ID?

answer: 2008


text: Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a "translating device" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Firstly

text: conceived

text: and

text: still

text: used

text: today

text: for

text: optical

text: storage

text: devices

text: CD

text: RW

text: drives

text: DVD

text: drives

text: etc

text: several

text: manufacturers

text: offer

text: external

text: portable

text: USB

text: hard

text: disk

text: drives

text: or

text: empty

text: enclosures

text: for

text: disk

text: drives

text: These

text: offer

text: performance

text: comparable

text: to

text: internal

text: drives

text: limited

text: by

text: the

text: current

text: number

text: and

text: types

text: of

text: attached

text: USB

text: devices

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: upper

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: USB

text: interface

text: in

text: practice

text: about

text: MB

text: s

text: for

text: USB

text: and

text: potentially

text: MB

text: s

text: or

text: more

text: for

text: USB

text: These

text: external

text: drives

text: typically

text: include

text: a

text: translating

text: device

text: that

text: bridges

text: between

text: a

text: drive

text: 's

text: interface

text: to

text: a

text: USB

text: interface

text: port

text: Functionally

text: the

text: drive

text: appears

text: to

text: the

text: user

text: much

text: like

text: an

text: internal

text: drive

text: Other

text: competing

text: standards

text: for

text: external

text: drive

text: connectivity

text: include

text: eSATA

text: ExpressCard

text: FireWire

text: IEEE

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: Thunderbolt

question: Several manufacturers offer what?

answer: external portable USB hard disk drives

text: external portable USB hard disk drives

question: What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer?

answer: performance comparable to internal drives

text: performance comparable to internal drives

question: What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity?

answer: Thunderbolt

text: Thunderbolt

question: What do the external drives typically include?

answer: a "translating device"

text: a "translating device"


text: In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC).

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: first

text: satellite

text: of

text: namely

text: Compass

text: to

text: validate

text: frequencies

text: for

text: the

text: constellation

text: was

text: successfully

text: put

text: into

text: its

text: working

text: orbit

text: The

text: second

text: constellation

text: satellite

text: Compass

text: was

text: launched

text: on

text: April

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: official

text: website

text: of

text: the

text: BeiDou

text: Navigation

text: Satellite

text: System

text: went

text: online

text: and

text: the

text: system

text: 's

text: third

text: satellite

text: Compass

text: was

text: carried

text: into

text: its

text: orbit

text: by

text: a

text: Long

text: March

text: rocket

text: on

text: January

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: fourth

text: satellite

text: was

text: launched

text: successfully

text: into

text: orbit

text: The

text: fifth

text: orbiter

text: was

text: launched

text: into

text: space

text: from

text: Xichang

text: Satellite

text: Launch

text: Center

text: by

text: an

text: carrier

text: rocket

text: on

text: August

text: Three

text: months

text: later

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: sixth

text: satellite

text: was

text: sent

text: into

text: orbit

text: by

text: Another

text: satellite

text: the

text: fifth

text: inclined

text: geosynchonous

text: orbit

text: satellite

text: was

text: launched

text: from

text: the

text: Xichang

text: Satellite

text: Launch

text: Center

text: by

text: a

text: Long

text: on

text: December

text: UTC

question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?

answer: April 2007

text: April 2007

question: What is the the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system called?

answer: Compass-M1

question: What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?

answer: to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation

text: to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation

question: When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?

answer: 15 April 2009

text: 15 April 2009

question: When was the third satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?

answer: 17 January 2010

text: 17 January 2010


text: The Mass of Paul VI was also in Latin but approval was given for the use of vernacular languages. There had been other instructions issued by the Pope in 1964, 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970 which centered on the reform of all liturgies of the Roman Church. These major reforms were not welcomed by all and in all countries. The sudden apparent "outlawing" of the 400-year-old Mass, the last typical edition of which being promulgated only a few years earlier in 1962 by Paul's predecessor, Pope John XXIII, was not always explained well. Further experimentation with the new Mass by liturgists, such as the usage of pop/folk music (as opposed to the Gregorian Chant advocated by Pope Pius X), along with concurrent changes in the order of sanctuaries, was viewed by some as vandalism. In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI clarified that the 1962 Mass of John XXIII and the 1970 Mass of Paul VI are two forms of the same Roman Rite, the first, which had never been "juridically abrogated", now being an "extraordinary form of the Roman Rite", while the other "obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy".

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: The

text: Mass

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: also

text: in

text: Latin

text: but

text: approval

text: was

text: given

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: vernacular

text: languages

text: There

text: had

text: been

text: other

text: instructions

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: in

text: and

text: which

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: reform

text: of

text: all

text: liturgies

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Church

text: These

text: major

text: reforms

text: were

text: not

text: welcomed

text: by

text: all

text: and

text: in

text: all

text: countries

text: The

text: sudden

text: apparent

text: outlawing

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Mass

text: the

text: last

text: typical

text: edition

text: of

text: which

text: being

text: promulgated

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: earlier

text: in

text: by

text: Paul

text: 's

text: predecessor

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: was

text: not

text: always

text: explained

text: well

text: Further

text: experimentation

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: Mass

text: by

text: liturgists

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: usage

text: of

text: pop

text: folk

text: music

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: Chant

text: advocated

text: by

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: X

text: along

text: with

text: concurrent

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: sanctuaries

text: was

text: viewed

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: vandalism

text: In

text: Pope

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: clarified

text: that

text: the

text: Mass

text: of

text: John

text: XXIII

text: and

text: the

text: Mass

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: are

text: two

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: Roman

text: Rite

text: the

text: first

text: which

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: juridically

text: abrogated

text: now

text: being

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Rite

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: obviously

text: is

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: normal

text: Form

text: the

text: Forma

text: ordinaria

text: of

text: the

text: Eucharistic

text: Liturgy

question: What type of language did Paul Vi's reforms approve for use in the Catholic mass?

answer: vernacular

text: vernacular

question: How old was the mass reformed by Paul VI?

answer: 400-year

question: What type of music was used in traditional mass?

answer: Gregorian Chant

text: Gregorian Chant

question: Who unified two previous popes views of the Roman Catholic Mass?

answer: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Pope Benedict XVI

question: In what year were the various versions of the Catholic mass finally synthesized?

answer: 2007


text: The phonautograph, patented by Léon Scott in 1857, used a vibrating diaphragm and stylus to graphically record sound waves as tracings on sheets of paper, purely for visual analysis and without any intent of playing them back. In the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008. Along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: phonautograph

text: patented

text: by

text: Léon

text: Scott

text: in

text: used

text: a

text: vibrating

text: diaphragm

text: and

text: stylus

text: to

text: graphically

text: record

text: sound

text: waves

text: as

text: tracings

text: on

text: sheets

text: of

text: paper

text: purely

text: for

text: visual

text: analysis

text: and

text: without

text: any

text: intent

text: of

text: playing

text: them

text: back

text: In

text: the

text: these

text: tracings

text: were

text: first

text: scanned

text: by

text: audio

text: engineers

text: and

text: digitally

text: converted

text: into

text: audible

text: sound

text: Phonautograms

text: of

text: singing

text: and

text: speech

text: made

text: by

text: Scott

text: in

text: were

text: played

text: back

text: as

text: sound

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: Along

text: with

text: a

text: tuning

text: fork

text: tone

text: and

text: unintelligible

text: snippets

text: recorded

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: recordings

text: of

text: sound

question: What was the original intent of the phonautograph?

answer: visual analysis

text: visual analysis

question: In what years where phonautograms converted to audible sound?

answer: 2000s

question: What year were the earliest known recordings of sound?

answer: 1857

question: By whom was the phonautograms patented?

answer: Léon Scott

text: Léon Scott

question: In what year was phonautograms patented?

answer: 1857


text: The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. The Amorite "dynasty of Isin" persisted until c. 1700 BC, when Mesopotamia was united under Babylonian rule. The Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: Sumerian

text: city

text: states

text: rose

text: to

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: Ubaid

text: and

text: Uruk

text: periods

text: Sumerian

text: written

text: history

text: reaches

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: before

text: but

text: the

text: historical

text: record

text: remains

text: obscure

text: until

text: the

text: Early

text: Dynastic

text: III

text: period

text: c.

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: when

text: a

text: now

text: deciphered

text: syllabary

text: writing

text: system

text: was

text: developed

text: which

text: has

text: allowed

text: archaeologists

text: to

text: read

text: contemporary

text: records

text: and

text: inscriptions

text: Classical

text: Sumer

text: ends

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Following

text: the

text: Gutian

text: period

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: brief

text: Sumerian

text: Renaissance

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: cut

text: short

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: by

text: Semitic

text: Amorite

text: invasions

text: The

text: Amorite

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Isin

text: persisted

text: until

text: c.

text: BC

text: when

text: Mesopotamia

text: was

text: united

text: under

text: Babylonian

text: rule

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: were

text: eventually

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: Assyro

text: Babylonian

text: population

question: During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?

answer: prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk

text: prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk

question: What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?

answer: Sumerian written history

text: Sumerian written history

question: What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?

answer: syllabary writing system

text: syllabary writing system

question: When does Classical Sumer end?

answer: rise of the Akkadian Empire

text: rise of the Akkadian Empire

question: What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?

answer: Semitic Amorite invasions

text: Semitic Amorite invasions


text: The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw). Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit (32–34 °C). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward. With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: Florida

text: is

text: tempered

text: somewhat

text: by

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: no

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: distant

text: from

text: the

text: ocean

text: North

text: of

text: Lake

text: Okeechobee

text: the

text: prevalent

text: climate

text: is

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: Köppen

text: Cfa

text: while

text: areas

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: including

text: the

text: Florida

text: Keys

text: have

text: a

text: true

text: tropical

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Aw

text: Mean

text: high

text: temperatures

text: for

text: late

text: July

text: are

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: low

text: Fahrenheit

text: C

text: Mean

text: low

text: temperatures

text: for

text: early

text: to

text: mid

text: January

text: range

text: from

text: the

text: low

text: Fahrenheit

text: C

text: in

text: northern

text: Florida

text: to

text: above

text: F

text: C

text: from

text: Miami

text: on

text: southward

text: With

text: an

text: average

text: daily

text: temperature

text: of

text: F

text: C

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: warmest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: country

question: What tempers the Florida Climate

answer: somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean

text: somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean

question: What divides Florida two climates

answer: Lake Okeechobee

text: Lake Okeechobee

question: What are Florida's Mean temperatures in  late July

answer: Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s

text: Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s

question: Low temperatures in Florida average

answer: mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward

text: mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward

question: The average daily temperature in Miami

answer: With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country

text: With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country


text: The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations. Some consider themselves multiracial, while acknowledging race as a social construct. Creolization, assimilation and integration have been continuing processes. The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) and other social movements since the mid-twentieth century worked to achieve social justice and equal enforcement of civil rights under the constitution for all ethnicities. In the 2000s, less than 5% of the population identified as multiracial. In many instances, mixed racial ancestry is so far back in an individual's family history (for instance, before the Civil War or earlier), that it does not affect more recent ethnic and cultural identification.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: The

text: American

text: people

text: are

text: mostly

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: descendants

text: of

text: various

text: culturally

text: distinct

text: immigrant

text: groups

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: now

text: developed

text: nations

text: Some

text: consider

text: themselves

text: multiracial

text: while

text: acknowledging

text: race

text: as

text: a

text: social

text: construct

text: Creolization

text: assimilation

text: and

text: integration

text: have

text: been

text: continuing

text: processes

text: The

text: African

text: American

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Movement

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: movements

text: since

text: the

text: mid

text: twentieth

text: century

text: worked

text: to

text: achieve

text: social

text: justice

text: and

text: equal

text: enforcement

text: of

text: civil

text: rights

text: under

text: the

text: constitution

text: for

text: all

text: ethnicities

text: In

text: the

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: identified

text: as

text: multiracial

text: In

text: many

text: instances

text: mixed

text: racial

text: ancestry

text: is

text: so

text: far

text: back

text: in

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: family

text: history

text: for

text: instance

text: before

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: or

text: earlier

text: that

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: affect

text: more

text: recent

text: ethnic

text: and

text: cultural

text: identification

question: What occured from 1955 to 1968?

answer: The African-American Civil Rights Movement

text: The African-American Civil Rights Movement

question: How much of the population identified as mixed race in the 2000s?

answer: less than 5%

text: less than 5%

question: What is race sometimes seen as?

answer: a social construct

text: a social construct

question: Who are descendents of various culturally distinct groups?

answer: The American people

text: The American people

question: What does affect recent identification in many cases?

answer: mixed racial ancestry

text: mixed racial ancestry


text: He was in the news in 2014 for buying a rare Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse. He was spotted and filmed in 2015 Summer in his car, silver painted with bright aluminium forged wheels. Schwarzenegger's Bugatti has its interior adorned in dark brown leather.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: He

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: news

text: in

text: for

text: buying

text: a

text: rare

text: Bugatti

text: Veyron

text: Grand

text: Sport

text: Vitesse

text: He

text: was

text: spotted

text: and

text: filmed

text: in

text: Summer

text: in

text: his

text: car

text: silver

text: painted

text: with

text: bright

text: aluminium

text: forged

text: wheels

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: Bugatti

text: has

text: its

text: interior

text: adorned

text: in

text: dark

text: brown

text: leather

question: What color is the exterior of Schwarzenegger's Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse?

answer: silver

text: silver


text: Social sciences often examine emotion for the role that it plays in human culture and social interactions. In sociology, emotions are examined for the role they play in human society, social patterns and interactions, and culture. In anthropology, the study of humanity, scholars use ethnography to undertake contextual analyses and cross-cultural comparisons of a range of human activities. Some anthropology studies examine the role of emotions in human activities. In the field of communication sciences, critical organizational scholars have examined the role of emotions in organizations, from the perspectives of managers, employees, and even customers. A focus on emotions in organizations can be credited to Arlie Russell Hochschild's concept of emotional labor. The University of Queensland hosts EmoNet, an e-mail distribution list representing a network of academics that facilitates scholarly discussion of all matters relating to the study of emotion in organizational settings. The list was established in January 1997 and has over 700 members from across the globe.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Social

text: sciences

text: often

text: examine

text: emotion

text: for

text: the

text: role

text: that

text: it

text: plays

text: in

text: human

text: culture

text: and

text: social

text: interactions

text: In

text: sociology

text: emotions

text: are

text: examined

text: for

text: the

text: role

text: they

text: play

text: in

text: human

text: society

text: social

text: patterns

text: and

text: interactions

text: and

text: culture

text: In

text: anthropology

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: humanity

text: scholars

text: use

text: ethnography

text: to

text: undertake

text: contextual

text: analyses

text: and

text: cross

text: cultural

text: comparisons

text: of

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: activities

text: Some

text: anthropology

text: studies

text: examine

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: emotions

text: in

text: human

text: activities

text: In

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: communication

text: sciences

text: critical

text: organizational

text: scholars

text: have

text: examined

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: emotions

text: in

text: organizations

text: from

text: the

text: perspectives

text: of

text: managers

text: employees

text: and

text: even

text: customers

text: A

text: focus

text: on

text: emotions

text: in

text: organizations

text: can

text: be

text: credited

text: to

text: Arlie

text: Russell

text: Hochschild

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: emotional

text: labor

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Queensland

text: hosts

text: EmoNet

text: an

text: e

text: mail

text: distribution

text: list

text: representing

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: academics

text: that

text: facilitates

text: scholarly

text: discussion

text: of

text: all

text: matters

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: emotion

text: in

text: organizational

text: settings

text: The

text: list

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: has

text: over

text: members

text: from

text: across

text: the

text: globe

question: What discipline examines the role emotions play in culture?

answer: sociology

text: sociology

question: What discipline makes use of ethnography?

answer: anthropology

text: anthropology

question: What field of study studies the organizational role of emotions?

answer: communication sciences

text: communication sciences

question: Who developed the concept of emotional labor?

answer: Arlie Russell Hochschild

text: Arlie Russell Hochschild

question: Roughly how many people are part of EmoNet?

answer: 700


text: A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: A

text: capacitor

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: conductors

text: separated

text: by

text: a

text: non

text: conductive

text: region

text: The

text: non

text: conductive

text: region

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: dielectric

text: In

text: simpler

text: terms

text: the

text: dielectric

text: is

text: just

text: an

text: electrical

text: insulator

text: Examples

text: of

text: dielectric

text: media

text: are

text: glass

text: air

text: paper

text: vacuum

text: and

text: even

text: a

text: semiconductor

text: depletion

text: region

text: chemically

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: conductors

text: A

text: capacitor

text: is

text: assumed

text: to

text: be

text: self

text: contained

text: and

text: isolated

text: with

text: no

text: net

text: electric

text: charge

text: and

text: no

text: influence

text: from

text: any

text: external

text: electric

text: field

text: The

text: conductors

text: thus

text: hold

text: equal

text: and

text: opposite

text: charges

text: on

text: their

text: facing

text: surfaces

text: and

text: the

text: dielectric

text: develops

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: In

text: SI

text: units

text: a

text: capacitance

text: of

text: one

text: farad

text: means

text: that

text: one

text: coulomb

text: of

text: charge

text: on

text: each

text: conductor

text: causes

text: a

text: voltage

text: of

text: one

text: volt

text: across

text: the

text: device

question: What type of area is between the two conductors in a capacitor?

answer: a non-conductive region

text: a non-conductive region

question: What is the name given to the area between two conductors in a capacitor?

answer: the dielectric

text: the dielectric

question: What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?

answer: no net electric charge

text: no net electric charge

question: What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?

answer: equal and opposite charges

text: equal and opposite charges

question: What region within a capacitor develops an electric field?

answer: the dielectric

text: the dielectric


text: New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States. Also, by 2010, the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis and other clean diesel vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most of any city in North America.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: has

text: focused

text: on

text: reducing

text: its

text: environmental

text: impact

text: and

text: carbon

text: footprint

text: Mass

text: transit

text: use

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Also

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: hybrid

text: taxis

text: and

text: other

text: clean

text: diesel

text: vehicles

text: representing

text: around

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: taxi

text: fleet

text: in

text: service

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: any

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

question: How many clean diesel and hybrid taxicabs did New York City have in 2010?

answer: 3,715

question: What percentage of the New York City cab fleet was clean diesel or hybrid in 2010?

answer: 28%


text: The playing time of a phonograph record depended on the turntable speed and the groove spacing. At the beginning of the 20th century, the early discs played for two minutes, the same as early cylinder records. The 12-inch disc, introduced by Victor in 1903, increased the playing time to three and a half minutes. Because a 10-inch 78 rpm record could hold about three minutes of sound per side and the 10-inch size was the standard size for popular music, almost all popular recordings were limited to around three minutes in length. For example, when King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, including Louis Armstrong on his first recordings, recorded 13 sides at Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana, in 1923, one side was 2:09 and four sides were 2:52–2:59.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: a

text: phonograph

text: record

text: depended

text: on

text: the

text: turntable

text: speed

text: and

text: the

text: groove

text: spacing

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: early

text: discs

text: played

text: for

text: two

text: minutes

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: early

text: cylinder

text: records

text: The

text: disc

text: introduced

text: by

text: Victor

text: in

text: increased

text: the

text: playing

text: time

text: to

text: three

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: minutes

text: Because

text: a

text: rpm

text: record

text: could

text: hold

text: about

text: three

text: minutes

text: of

text: sound

text: per

text: side

text: and

text: the

text: size

text: was

text: the

text: standard

text: size

text: for

text: popular

text: music

text: almost

text: all

text: popular

text: recordings

text: were

text: limited

text: to

text: around

text: three

text: minutes

text: in

text: length

text: For

text: example

text: when

text: King

text: Oliver

text: 's

text: Creole

text: Jazz

text: Band

text: including

text: Louis

text: Armstrong

text: on

text: his

text: first

text: recordings

text: recorded

text: sides

text: at

text: Gennett

text: Records

text: in

text: Richmond

text: Indiana

text: in

text: one

text: side

text: was

text: and

text: four

text: sides

text: were

question: What factors would effect playing time of a phonograph?

answer: turntable speed and the groove spacing

text: turntable speed and the groove spacing

question: What was the playing time common in the early 20th century?

answer: two minutes

text: two minutes

question: How many recordings did Kind Oliver's Creole Jazz band require?

answer: 13

question: What was the normal size disc for popular music?

answer: 10-inch

question: What was the recording time available on a 12 inch disc?

answer: three and a half minutes

text: three and a half minutes


text: Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times "engaged in armed confrontation with them."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Shih

text: Shan

text: Henry

text: Tsai

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: sent

text: his

text: eunuch

text: Yang

text: Sanbao

text: into

text: Tibet

text: in

text: to

text: gain

text: the

text: allegiance

text: of

text: various

text: Tibetan

text: princes

text: while

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: paid

text: a

text: small

text: fortune

text: in

text: return

text: gifts

text: for

text: tributes

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: loyalty

text: of

text: neighboring

text: vassal

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Tibet

text: However

text: Van

text: Praag

text: states

text: that

text: Tibetan

text: rulers

text: upheld

text: their

text: own

text: separate

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: and

text: at

text: times

text: engaged

text: in

text: armed

text: confrontation

text: with

text: them

question: What was the name of the  eunuch?

answer: Yang Sanbao

text: Yang Sanbao

question: Where did the Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao?

answer: Tibet

text: Tibet

question: When did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?

answer: 1413

question: Why did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?

answer: the allegiance of various Tibetan princes

text: the allegiance of various Tibetan princes

question: Why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts?

answer: to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states

text: to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states


text: New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), and another 'Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: New

text: Zealand

text: polytechnics

text: are

text: established

text: under

text: the

text: Education

text: Act

text: as

text: amended

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: state

text: owned

text: tertiary

text: institutions

text: along

text: with

text: universities

text: colleges

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: wānanga

text: there

text: is

text: today

text: often

text: much

text: crossover

text: in

text: courses

text: and

text: qualifications

text: offered

text: between

text: all

text: these

text: types

text: of

text: Tertiary

text: Education

text: Institutions

text: Some

text: have

text: officially

text: taken

text: the

text: title

text: institute

text: of

text: technology

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: term

text: recognized

text: in

text: government

text: strategies

text: equal

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: polytechnic

text: One

text: has

text: opted

text: for

text: the

text: name

text: Universal

text: College

text: of

text: Learning

text: UCOL

text: and

text: another

text: Unitec

text: New

text: Zealand

text: These

text: are

text: legal

text: names

text: but

text: not

text: recognized

text: terms

text: like

text: polytechnic

text: or

text: institute

text: of

text: technology

text: Many

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: now

text: grant

text: at

text: least

text: bachelor

text: level

text: degrees

question: What country considers their polytechnics, universities, and colleges state-owned institutions?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: What does UCOL stand for?

answer: Universal College of Learning

text: Universal College of Learning

question: In what year was the Education Act originally passed in New Zealand?

answer: 1989


text: The Bey Hive is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base. Fans were previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage). The name Bey Hive derives from the word beehive, purposely misspelled to resemble her first name, and was penned by fans after petitions on the online social networking service Twitter and online news reports during competitions.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: The

text: Bey

text: Hive

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: fan

text: base

text: Fans

text: were

text: previously

text: titled

text: The

text: Beyontourage

text: a

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: entourage

text: The

text: name

text: Bey

text: Hive

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: word

text: beehive

text: purposely

text: misspelled

text: to

text: resemble

text: her

text: first

text: name

text: and

text: was

text: penned

text: by

text: fans

text: after

text: petitions

text: on

text: the

text: online

text: social

text: networking

text: service

text: Twitter

text: and

text: online

text: news

text: reports

text: during

text: competitions

question: Beyonce has a fan base that is referred to as what?

answer: The Bey Hive

text: The Bey Hive

question: Before the Bey Hive, fans of Beyonce were called what?

answer: The Beyontourage

text: The Beyontourage

question: Which social media company proclaimed Beyonce fans are know as the Bey Hive?

answer: Twitter

text: Twitter

question: What is Beyonce's fan base called?

answer: Bey Hive

text: Bey Hive

question: What did the fans used to be called?

answer: Beyontourage

text: Beyontourage

question: What is the latest term used to describe Beyoncé fans?

answer: Bey Hive

text: Bey Hive

question: What was the former word given to Beyoncé fans?

answer: Beyontourage

text: Beyontourage

question: What word does "Bey Hive" derive from?

answer: beehive

text: beehive


text: There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills and reefs). The windward beaches are popular for windsurfing. The beach of St Jean is suitable for water sports and facilities have been created for that purpose. The long beach at Lorient has shade and is a quiet beach as compared to St. Jean.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: There

text: are

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: public

text: beaches

text: most

text: beaches

text: on

text: St

text: Barthélémy

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Anse

text: de

text: etc

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: considered

text: suitable

text: for

text: swimming

text: They

text: are

text: categorized

text: and

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: groups

text: the

text: leeward

text: side

text: calm

text: waters

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: island

text: itself

text: and

text: windward

text: side

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: protected

text: by

text: hills

text: and

text: reefs

text: The

text: windward

text: beaches

text: are

text: popular

text: for

text: windsurfing

text: The

text: beach

text: of

text: St

text: Jean

text: is

text: suitable

text: for

text: water

text: sports

text: and

text: facilities

text: have

text: been

text: created

text: for

text: that

text: purpose

text: The

text: long

text: beach

text: at

text: Lorient

text: has

text: shade

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: quiet

text: beach

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: St.

text: Jean

question: How many public beaches are there in St. Barts?

answer: 22

question: How many beaches in St. Barts are suitable to swim in?

answer: 15

question: What is the portion of the island called that is protected from the sea by the island itself?

answer: leeward

text: leeward

question: What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds?

answer: windward

text: windward

question: The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity?

answer: windsurfing

text: windsurfing


text: Regardless of the type of metabolic process they employ, the majority of bacteria are able to take in raw materials only in the form of relatively small molecules, which enter the cell by diffusion or through molecular channels in cell membranes. The Planctomycetes are the exception (as they are in possessing membranes around their nuclear material). It has recently been shown that Gemmata obscuriglobus is able to take in large molecules via a process that in some ways resembles endocytosis, the process used by eukaryotic cells to engulf external items.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Regardless

text: of

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: metabolic

text: process

text: they

text: employ

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: bacteria

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: take

text: in

text: raw

text: materials

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: relatively

text: small

text: molecules

text: which

text: enter

text: the

text: cell

text: by

text: diffusion

text: or

text: through

text: molecular

text: channels

text: in

text: cell

text: membranes

text: The

text: Planctomycetes

text: are

text: the

text: exception

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: in

text: possessing

text: membranes

text: around

text: their

text: nuclear

text: material

text: It

text: has

text: recently

text: been

text: shown

text: that

text: Gemmata

text: obscuriglobus

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: take

text: in

text: large

text: molecules

text: via

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: ways

text: resembles

text: endocytosis

text: the

text: process

text: used

text: by

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: to

text: engulf

text: external

text: items

question: What chemical process  helps bacteria to absorb raw materials?

answer: diffusion

text: diffusion

question: How can bacteria obtain raw materials from the environment?

answer: in the form of relatively small molecules

text: in the form of relatively small molecules

question: What process is used by eukaryotic cells to absorb external items?

answer: endocytosis

text: endocytosis

question: What part of bacteria cell is used during diffusion?

answer: molecular channels in cell membranes

text: molecular channels in cell membranes


text: In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other words there are no absolute objects. The formulations of the general theory of relativity, unlike those of classical mechanics, do not share a standard, i.e., there is no single formulation paired with transformations. As such the covariance group of the general theory of relativity is just the covariance group of every theory.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: In

text: the

text: classical

text: case

text: the

text: invariance

text: or

text: symmetry

text: group

text: and

text: the

text: covariance

text: group

text: coincide

text: but

text: interestingly

text: enough

text: they

text: part

text: ways

text: in

text: relativistic

text: physics

text: The

text: symmetry

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: theory

text: of

text: relativity

text: includes

text: all

text: differentiable

text: transformations

text: i.e.

text: all

text: properties

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: are

text: dynamical

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: absolute

text: objects

text: The

text: formulations

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: theory

text: of

text: relativity

text: unlike

text: those

text: of

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: a

text: standard

text: i.e.

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: single

text: formulation

text: paired

text: with

text: transformations

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: covariance

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: theory

text: of

text: relativity

text: is

text: just

text: the

text: covariance

text: group

text: of

text: every

text: theory

question: The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what?

answer: all differentiable transformations

text: all differentiable transformations

question: What else besides  invariance, or symmetry and group part ways in relativistic physics?

answer: the covariance group

text: the covariance group

question: Which theory does the relativity depart from?

answer: classical mechanics

text: classical mechanics

question: What are not pair with transformations in the theory of relativity?

answer: single formulation

text: single formulation

question: The covariance group of the general theory of relativity is the covariance group of how many theories?

answer: every

text: every


text: The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death, in the Middle Ages his name became associated with miraculous powers, and for a couple of centuries his tomb was the destination of pilgrimages and veneration.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: The

text: structure

text: known

text: as

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: tomb

text: is

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: entrance

text: of

text: an

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: tunnel

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: grotta

text: vecchia

text: in

text: Piedigrotta

text: a

text: district

text: two

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Naples

text: near

text: the

text: Mergellina

text: harbor

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: heading

text: north

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: to

text: Pozzuoli

text: While

text: Virgil

text: was

text: already

text: the

text: object

text: of

text: literary

text: admiration

text: and

text: veneration

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: his

text: name

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: miraculous

text: powers

text: and

text: for

text: a

text: couple

text: of

text: centuries

text: his

text: tomb

text: was

text: the

text: destination

text: of

text: pilgrimages

text: and

text: veneration

question: During which time period did Virgil's name become associated with miraclous powers?

answer: Middle Ages

text: Middle Ages

question: In which district is "Virgil's tomb" located?

answer: Piedigrotta

text: Piedigrotta

question: What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where "Virgil's tomb" is located also called?

answer: grotta vecchia

text: grotta vecchia


text: As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses constraints on the carrier – for example, the fact that it is a ship means that a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain. This affects take-off procedure, as a shorter runway length of the deck requires that aircraft accelerate more quickly to gain lift. This either requires a thrust boost, a vertical component to its velocity, or a reduced take-off load (to lower mass). The differing types of deck configuration, as above, influence the structure of the flight deck. The form of launch assistance a carrier provides is strongly related to the types of aircraft embarked and the design of the carrier itself.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: As

text: runways

text: at

text: sea

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: have

text: a

text: flat

text: top

text: flight

text: deck

text: which

text: launches

text: and

text: recovers

text: aircraft

text: Aircraft

text: launch

text: forward

text: into

text: the

text: wind

text: and

text: are

text: recovered

text: from

text: astern

text: The

text: flight

text: deck

text: is

text: where

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: differences

text: between

text: a

text: carrier

text: and

text: a

text: land

text: runway

text: are

text: found

text: Creating

text: such

text: a

text: surface

text: at

text: sea

text: poses

text: constraints

text: on

text: the

text: carrier

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: ship

text: means

text: that

text: a

text: full

text: length

text: runway

text: would

text: be

text: costly

text: to

text: construct

text: and

text: maintain

text: This

text: affects

text: take

text: off

text: procedure

text: as

text: a

text: shorter

text: runway

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: deck

text: requires

text: that

text: aircraft

text: accelerate

text: more

text: quickly

text: to

text: gain

text: lift

text: This

text: either

text: requires

text: a

text: thrust

text: boost

text: a

text: vertical

text: component

text: to

text: its

text: velocity

text: or

text: a

text: reduced

text: take

text: off

text: load

text: to

text: lower

text: mass

text: The

text: differing

text: types

text: of

text: deck

text: configuration

text: as

text: above

text: influence

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: flight

text: deck

text: The

text: form

text: of

text: launch

text: assistance

text: a

text: carrier

text: provides

text: is

text: strongly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: types

text: of

text: aircraft

text: embarked

text: and

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: carrier

text: itself

question: What are typically regarded as "runways at sea"?

answer: aircraft carriers

text: aircraft carriers

question: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft?

answer: flat-top flight deck

text: flat-top flight deck

question: Where are the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found?

answer: The flight deck

text: The flight deck

question: What is a primary reason that ships have shorter runways than land runways have?

answer: a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain

text: a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain

question: What do aircraft need to do when using shorter runway lengths?

answer: accelerate more quickly to gain lift

text: accelerate more quickly to gain lift


text: The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s. By 1930, the city was host to Naval Base San Diego, Naval Training Center San Diego, San Diego Naval Hospital, Camp Matthews, and Camp Kearny (now Marine Corps Air Station Miramar). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West". The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later Ryan Aeronautical), founded in 1925, and Consolidated Aircraft (later Convair), founded in 1923. Charles A. Lindbergh's plane The Spirit of St. Louis was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Point

text: Loma

text: peninsula

text: was

text: set

text: aside

text: for

text: military

text: purposes

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: Over

text: the

text: next

text: several

text: decades

text: the

text: Army

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: coastal

text: artillery

text: batteries

text: and

text: named

text: the

text: area

text: Fort

text: Rosecrans

text: Significant

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: presence

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Navy

text: Coaling

text: Station

text: in

text: Point

text: Loma

text: and

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: during

text: the

text: By

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: host

text: to

text: Naval

text: Base

text: San

text: Diego

text: Naval

text: Training

text: Center

text: San

text: Diego

text: San

text: Diego

text: Naval

text: Hospital

text: Camp

text: Matthews

text: and

text: Camp

text: Kearny

text: now

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: Air

text: Station

text: Miramar

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: early

text: center

text: for

text: aviation

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: proclaiming

text: itself

text: The

text: Air

text: Capital

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: important

text: airplane

text: developers

text: and

text: manufacturers

text: like

text: Ryan

text: Airlines

text: later

text: Ryan

text: Aeronautical

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: Consolidated

text: Aircraft

text: later

text: Convair

text: founded

text: in

text: Charles

text: A.

text: Lindbergh

text: 's

text: plane

text: The

text: Spirit

text: of

text: St.

text: Louis

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: in

text: by

text: Ryan

text: Airlines

question: What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1852?

answer: Fort Rosecrans

text: Fort Rosecrans

question: What was the name of Charles A. Lindbergh's plane that was built in San Diego by Ryan Airlines?

answer: Spirit of St. Louis

text: Spirit of St. Louis

question: What was the original name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar?

answer: Camp Kearny

text: Camp Kearny

question: What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1901?

answer: U.S. Navy

text: U.S. Navy

question: What airplane developer was founded in San Diego in 1923?

answer: Consolidated Aircraft

text: Consolidated Aircraft


text: West is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age. Three of his albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list; two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of 2010–2014. He has also been included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: having

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: albums

text: and

text: million

text: digital

text: downloads

text: worldwide

text: He

text: has

text: won

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: making

text: him

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: awarded

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: Grammy

text: awarded

text: artist

text: of

text: his

text: age

text: Three

text: of

text: his

text: albums

text: rank

text: on

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: 's

text: Greatest

text: Albums

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: list

text: two

text: of

text: his

text: albums

text: feature

text: at

text: first

text: and

text: eighth

text: respectively

text: in

text: Pitchfork

text: Media

text: 's

text: The

text: Best

text: Albums

text: of

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: included

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Forbes

text: annual

text: lists

text: Time

text: named

text: him

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: and

question: How many albums has Kanye sold?

answer: 32 million

text: 32 million

question: How many downloads do Kanye's tracks have across the globe?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: Kanye is known for having the most of what type of award for his age?

answer: Grammy

text: Grammy

question: How many albums does Kanye have on the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list?

answer: 3

question: What popular magazine placed Kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015?

answer: Time

text: Time

question: How many CDs has Kanye West sold?

answer: 32 million

text: 32 million

question: How many Grammy Awards has Kanye West won?

answer: 21

question: How many of Kanye West's albums were recognized by Rolling Stone Magazine?

answer: 3

question: Which years was Kanye West mentioned in Time Magazine?

answer: 2005 and 2015

text: 2005 and 2015