text: In the mid-1980s Lucasfilm pioneered the EditDroid non-linear editing system for film and television based on computer-controlled LaserDisc players. Instead of printing dailies out on film, processed negatives from the day's shoot would be sent to a mastering plant to be assembled from their 10-minute camera elements into 20-minute film segments. These were then mastered onto single-sided blank LaserDiscs, just as a DVD would be burnt at home today, allowing for much easier selection and preparation of an Edit Decision List. In the days before video assist was available in cinematography, this was the only other way a film crew could see their work. The EDL went to the negative cutter who then cut the camera negative accordingly and assembled the finished film. Only 24 EditDroid systems were ever built, even though the ideas and technology are still in use today. Later EditDroid experiments borrowed from hard-drive technology of having multiple discs on the same spindle and added numerous playback heads and numerous electronics to the basic jukebox design so that any point on each of the discs would be accessible within seconds. This eliminated the need for racks and racks of industrial LaserDisc players since EditDroid discs were only single-sided.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: In

text: the

text: Lucasfilm

text: pioneered

text: the

text: EditDroid

text: non

text: linear

text: editing

text: system

text: for

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: based

text: on

text: computer

text: controlled

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: Instead

text: of

text: printing

text: dailies

text: out

text: on

text: film

text: processed

text: negatives

text: from

text: the

text: day

text: 's

text: shoot

text: would

text: be

text: sent

text: to

text: a

text: mastering

text: plant

text: to

text: be

text: assembled

text: from

text: their

text: camera

text: elements

text: into

text: film

text: segments

text: These

text: were

text: then

text: mastered

text: onto

text: single

text: sided

text: blank

text: LaserDiscs

text: just

text: as

text: a

text: DVD

text: would

text: be

text: burnt

text: at

text: home

text: today

text: allowing

text: for

text: much

text: easier

text: selection

text: and

text: preparation

text: of

text: an

text: Edit

text: Decision

text: List

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: before

text: video

text: assist

text: was

text: available

text: in

text: cinematography

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: other

text: way

text: a

text: film

text: crew

text: could

text: see

text: their

text: work

text: The

text: EDL

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: negative

text: cutter

text: who

text: then

text: cut

text: the

text: camera

text: negative

text: accordingly

text: and

text: assembled

text: the

text: finished

text: film

text: Only

text: EditDroid

text: systems

text: were

text: ever

text: built

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: ideas

text: and

text: technology

text: are

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: Later

text: EditDroid

text: experiments

text: borrowed

text: from

text: hard

text: drive

text: technology

text: of

text: having

text: multiple

text: discs

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: spindle

text: and

text: added

text: numerous

text: playback

text: heads

text: and

text: numerous

text: electronics

text: to

text: the

text: basic

text: jukebox

text: design

text: so

text: that

text: any

text: point

text: on

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: discs

text: would

text: be

text: accessible

text: within

text: seconds

text: This

text: eliminated

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: racks

text: and

text: racks

text: of

text: industrial

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: since

text: EditDroid

text: discs

text: were

text: only

text: single

text: sided

question: How many EditDroid systems were ever built?

answer: 24

question: Were EditDroid discs single or multi-sided?

answer: single-sided

text: single-sided

question: Which production company engineered the EditDroid machines in the 1980s?

answer: Lucasfilm

text: Lucasfilm


text: Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn al-Nafis attempted to explain these plot elements using the scientific knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology known in his time. Ibn al-Nafis' fiction explained Islamic religious teachings via science and Islamic philosophy.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: written

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: polymath

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: science

text: fiction

text: novel

text: It

text: deals

text: with

text: various

text: science

text: fiction

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: spontaneous

text: generation

text: futurology

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: doomsday

text: resurrection

text: and

text: the

text: afterlife

text: Rather

text: than

text: giving

text: supernatural

text: or

text: mythological

text: explanations

text: for

text: these

text: events

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: attempted

text: to

text: explain

text: these

text: plot

text: elements

text: using

text: the

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: of

text: biology

text: astronomy

text: cosmology

text: and

text: geology

text: known

text: in

text: his

text: time

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: fiction

text: explained

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: teachings

text: via

text: science

text: and

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

question: What was the life span of Ibn al-Nafis?

answer: 1213–1288

question: What type of book is Theologus Autodidactus the first type of?

answer: science fiction

text: science fiction

question: What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus?

answer: scientific knowledge

text: scientific knowledge


text: Formal schooling did not start in Hungary until the age of ten. Instead, governesses taught von Neumann, his brothers and his cousins. Max believed that knowledge of languages other than Hungarian was essential, so the children were tutored in English, French, German and Italian. By the age of 8, von Neumann was familiar with differential and integral calculus, but he was particularly interested in history, reading his way through Wilhelm Oncken's Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen. A copy was contained in a private library Max purchased. One of the rooms in the apartment was converted into a library and reading room, with bookshelves from ceiling to floor.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Formal

text: schooling

text: did

text: not

text: start

text: in

text: Hungary

text: until

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: ten

text: Instead

text: governesses

text: taught

text: von

text: Neumann

text: his

text: brothers

text: and

text: his

text: cousins

text: Max

text: believed

text: that

text: knowledge

text: of

text: languages

text: other

text: than

text: Hungarian

text: was

text: essential

text: so

text: the

text: children

text: were

text: tutored

text: in

text: English

text: French

text: German

text: and

text: Italian

text: By

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: familiar

text: with

text: differential

text: and

text: integral

text: calculus

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: particularly

text: interested

text: in

text: history

text: reading

text: his

text: way

text: through

text: Wilhelm

text: Oncken

text: 's

text: Allgemeine

text: Geschichte

text: in

text: Einzeldarstellungen

text: A

text: copy

text: was

text: contained

text: in

text: a

text: private

text: library

text: Max

text: purchased

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: rooms

text: in

text: the

text: apartment

text: was

text: converted

text: into

text: a

text: library

text: and

text: reading

text: room

text: with

text: bookshelves

text: from

text: ceiling

text: to

text: floor

question: At what age did schooling begin in Hungary?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Who taught children before they began school in Hungary?

answer: governesses

text: governesses

question: What languages were Von Neumann and his siblings taught?

answer: English, French, German and Italian

text: English, French, German and Italian

question: At what age was Von Neumann familiar with calculus?

answer: 8


text: At the Salon d'Automne of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of Salle 41, were exhibited works by André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka. The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of The New York Times. This article was published a year after Gelett Burgess' The Wild Men of Paris, and two years prior to the Armory Show, which introduced astonished Americans, accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental styles of the European avant garde, including Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. The 1911 New York Times article portrayed works by Picasso, Matisse, Derain, Metzinger and others dated before 1909; not exhibited at the 1911 Salon. The article was titled The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon and subtitled Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: At

text: the

text: Salon

text: d'Automne

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Indépendants

text: group

text: of

text: Salle

text: were

text: exhibited

text: works

text: by

text: André

text: Lhote

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: Jacques

text: Villon

text: Roger

text: de

text: La

text: Fresnaye

text: André

text: Dunoyer

text: de

text: Segonzac

text: and

text: František

text: Kupka

text: The

text: exhibition

text: was

text: reviewed

text: in

text: the

text: October

text: issue

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: This

text: article

text: was

text: published

text: a

text: year

text: after

text: Gelett

text: Burgess

text: The

text: Wild

text: Men

text: of

text: Paris

text: and

text: two

text: years

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Armory

text: Show

text: which

text: introduced

text: astonished

text: Americans

text: accustomed

text: to

text: realistic

text: art

text: to

text: the

text: experimental

text: styles

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: avant

text: garde

text: including

text: Fauvism

text: Cubism

text: and

text: Futurism

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: article

text: portrayed

text: works

text: by

text: Picasso

text: Matisse

text: Derain

text: Metzinger

text: and

text: others

text: dated

text: before

text: not

text: exhibited

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: The

text: article

text: was

text: titled

text: The

text: Cubists

text: Dominate

text: Paris

text: Fall

text: Salon

text: and

text: subtitled

text: Eccentric

text: School

text: of

text: Painting

text: Increases

text: Its

text: Vogue

text: in

text: the

text: Current

text: Art

text: Exhibition

text: What

text: Its

text: Followers

text: Attempt

text: to

text: Do

question: In what year did the New York Times review the Salon d'Automne?

answer: October 8, 1911

text: October 8, 1911

question: What was the subtitle of the article published in 1911 in New York TImes about Cubism?

answer: Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do

text: Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do

question: List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne?

answer: André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka

text: André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka


text: After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, while some covertly supported the Union cause during the conflict. Approximately 2,000 North Carolinians from western North Carolina enlisted in the Union Army and fought for the North in the war. Two additional Union Army regiments were raised in the coastal areas of the state, which were occupied by Union forces in 1862 and 1863. Numerous slaves escaped to Union lines, where they became essentially free.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: After

text: secession

text: some

text: North

text: Carolinians

text: refused

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: yeoman

text: farmers

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: mountains

text: and

text: western

text: Piedmont

text: region

text: remained

text: neutral

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: while

text: some

text: covertly

text: supported

text: the

text: Union

text: cause

text: during

text: the

text: conflict

text: Approximately

text: North

text: Carolinians

text: from

text: western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: Union

text: Army

text: and

text: fought

text: for

text: the

text: North

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: Two

text: additional

text: Union

text: Army

text: regiments

text: were

text: raised

text: in

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: Union

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: Numerous

text: slaves

text: escaped

text: to

text: Union

text: lines

text: where

text: they

text: became

text: essentially

text: free

question: Some North Carolinians still refused to support what after secession?

answer: the Confederacy

text: the Confederacy

question: Some of what farmers remained neutral during the civil war?

answer: yeoman

text: yeoman

question: Where were the yoeman farmers that remained neutral during the civil war located?

answer: in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region

text: in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region

question: How many North Carolinians from the west fought for the union Army?

answer: 2,000

question: When did union forces occupy coastal areas of North carolina?

answer: 1862 and 1863

text: 1862 and 1863


text: Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Instruments

text: like

text: the

text: duduk

text: the

text: dhol

text: the

text: zurna

text: and

text: the

text: kanun

text: are

text: commonly

text: found

text: in

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: Artists

text: such

text: as

text: Sayat

text: Nova

text: are

text: famous

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: types

text: of

text: Armenian

text: music

text: is

text: the

text: Armenian

text: chant

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: kind

text: of

text: religious

text: music

text: in

text: Armenia

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: chants

text: are

text: ancient

text: in

text: origin

text: extending

text: to

text: pre

text: Christian

text: times

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: relatively

text: modern

text: including

text: several

text: composed

text: by

text: Saint

text: Mesrop

text: Mashtots

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: alphabet

text: Whilst

text: under

text: Soviet

text: rule

text: Armenian

text: classical

text: music

text: composer

text: Aram

text: Khatchaturian

text: became

text: internationally

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: music

text: for

text: various

text: ballets

text: and

text: the

text: Sabre

text: Dance

text: from

text: his

text: composition

text: for

text: the

text: ballet

text: Gayane

question: What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?

answer: Armenian folk music

text: Armenian folk music

question: What instruments are used in Armenian folk music?

answer: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun

text: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun

question: What kind of Armenian religious music is prevalent?

answer: the Armenian chant

text: the Armenian chant

question: What did Mashtots do besides composing religious chants?

answer: inventor of the Armenian alphabet

text: inventor of the Armenian alphabet

question: What was Aram Khatchaturian's career?

answer: classical music composer

text: classical music composer


text: In Greece, there are 2 "Polytechnics" part of the public higher education in Greece and they confer a 5-year Diplom Uni (300E.C.T.S – I.S.C.E.D. 5A), the National Technical University of Athens and the Technical University of Crete. Also, there are Greek Higher Technological Educational Institutes (Ανώτατα Τεχνολογικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα – Α.T.E.I). After the N.1404/1983 Higher Education Reform Act (Ν.1404/1983 - 2916/2001 - Ν. 3549/2007 - N. 3685/2008 - N. 4009/2011) the Technological Educational Institute constitute, a parallel and equivalent with universities part of the public higher education in Greece. They confer 4-year bachelor's degree (Diplom FH) (240E.C.T.S – I.S.C.E.D. 5A).

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: Greece

text: there

text: are

text: Polytechnics

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: they

text: confer

text: a

text: Diplom

text: Uni

text: I.S.C.E.D.

text: the

text: National

text: Technical

text: University

text: of

text: Athens

text: and

text: the

text: Technical

text: University

text: of

text: Crete

text: Also

text: there

text: are

text: Greek

text: Higher

text: Technological

text: Educational

text: Institutes

text: Ανώτατα

text: Τεχνολογικά

text: Εκπαιδευτικά

text: Ιδρύματα

text: Α.T.E.I

text: After

text: the

text: Higher

text: Education

text: Reform

text: Act

text: Ν.

text: N.

text: N.

text: the

text: Technological

text: Educational

text: Institute

text: constitute

text: a

text: parallel

text: and

text: equivalent

text: with

text: universities

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Greece

text: They

text: confer

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: Diplom

text: FH

text: I.S.C.E.D.

question: What's the name of the Act that changed how Greek public institutes of technology were designated?

answer: Higher Education Reform Act

text: Higher Education Reform Act


text: Other notable Old Etonians include scientists Robert Boyle, John Maynard Smith, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Wolfram and the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner, John Gurdon; Beau Brummell; economists John Maynard Keynes and Richard Layard; Antarctic explorer Lawrence Oates; politician Alan Clark; entrepreneur, charity organiser and partner of Adele, Simon Konecki; cricket commentator Henry Blofeld; explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes; adventurer Bear Grylls; composers Thomas Arne, George Butterworth, Roger Quilter, Frederick Septimus Kelly, Donald Tovey, Thomas Dunhill, Lord Berners, Victor Hely-Hutchinson, and Peter Warlock (Philip Heseltine); Hubert Parry, who wrote the song Jerusalem and the coronation anthem I was glad; and musicians Frank Turner and Humphrey Lyttelton.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Other

text: notable

text: Old

text: Etonians

text: include

text: scientists

text: Robert

text: Boyle

text: John

text: Maynard

text: Smith

text: J.

text: B.

text: S.

text: Haldane

text: Stephen

text: Wolfram

text: and

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Physiology

text: or

text: Medicine

text: winner

text: John

text: Gurdon

text: Beau

text: Brummell

text: economists

text: John

text: Maynard

text: Keynes

text: and

text: Richard

text: Layard

text: Antarctic

text: explorer

text: Lawrence

text: Oates

text: politician

text: Alan

text: Clark

text: entrepreneur

text: charity

text: organiser

text: and

text: partner

text: of

text: Adele

text: Simon

text: Konecki

text: cricket

text: commentator

text: Henry

text: Blofeld

text: explorer

text: Sir

text: Ranulph

text: Fiennes

text: adventurer

text: Bear

text: Grylls

text: composers

text: Thomas

text: Arne

text: George

text: Butterworth

text: Roger

text: Quilter

text: Frederick

text: Septimus

text: Kelly

text: Donald

text: Tovey

text: Thomas

text: Dunhill

text: Lord

text: Berners

text: Victor

text: Hely

text: Hutchinson

text: and

text: Peter

text: Warlock

text: Philip

text: Heseltine

text: Hubert

text: Parry

text: who

text: wrote

text: the

text: song

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: the

text: coronation

text: anthem

text: I

text: was

text: glad

text: and

text: musicians

text: Frank

text: Turner

text: and

text: Humphrey

text: Lyttelton

question: Which 2012 Nobel Prize winner attended Eton?

answer: John Gurdon

text: John Gurdon

question: Which Antarctic explorer attended Eton?

answer: Lawrence Oates

text: Lawrence Oates

question: Where did adventurer Bear Grylls attend school?

answer: Eton

text: Eton


text: The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: The

text: first

text: debate

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: September

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Miami

text: moderated

text: by

text: Jim

text: Lehrer

text: of

text: PBS

text: During

text: the

text: debate

text: slated

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: foreign

text: policy

text: Kerry

text: accused

text: Bush

text: of

text: having

text: failed

text: to

text: gain

text: international

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Iraq

text: saying

text: the

text: only

text: countries

text: assisting

text: the

text: U.S.

text: during

text: the

text: invasion

text: were

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Australia

text: Bush

text: replied

text: to

text: this

text: by

text: saying

text: Well

text: actually

text: he

text: forgot

text: Poland

text: Later

text: a

text: consensus

text: formed

text: among

text: mainstream

text: pollsters

text: and

text: pundits

text: that

text: Kerry

text: won

text: the

text: debate

text: decisively

text: strengthening

text: what

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: weak

text: and

text: troubled

text: campaign

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: after

text: coverage

text: focused

text: on

text: Bush

text: 's

text: apparent

text: annoyance

text: with

text: Kerry

text: and

text: numerous

text: scowls

text: and

text: negative

text: facial

text: expressions

question: Where did the first debate, between Kerry and Bush take place?

answer: University of Miami

text: University of Miami

question: Who was considered to have been the winner of the debate?

answer: Kerry

text: Kerry

question: Who was the moderator of the first debate between Kerry and Bush?

answer: Jim Lehrer

text: Jim Lehrer

question: What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?

answer: foreign policy

text: foreign policy

question: How did the opinion regarding Kerry change, after being delared the winner of the debate?

answer: strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign

text: strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign


text: There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: There

text: is

text: confusion

text: currently

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: eldest

text: Vinaccia

text: luthier

text: who

text: first

text: ran

text: the

text: shop

text: His

text: name

text: has

text: been

text: put

text: forth

text: as

text: Gennaro

text: Vinaccia

text: active

text: c.

text: to

text: c.

text: and

text: Nic

text: Vinaccia

text: His

text: son

text: Antonio

text: Vinaccia

text: was

text: active

text: c.

text: to

text: c.

text: An

text: early

text: extant

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: mandolin

text: is

text: one

text: built

text: by

text: Antonio

text: Vinaccia

text: in

text: which

text: resides

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: Another

text: is

text: by

text: Giuseppe

text: Vinaccia

text: built

text: in

text: is

text: also

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: The

text: earliest

text: extant

text: mandolin

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: by

text: Antonio

text: 's

text: son

text: Gaetano

text: Vinaccia

text: It

text: resides

text: in

text: the

text: Conservatoire

text: Royal

text: de

text: Musique

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

question: What is there currently confusion over?

answer: eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop

text: eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop

question: Who is said to have ran the first shop?

answer: Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic

text: Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic

question: Where does the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia reside?

answer: University of Edinburgh

text: University of Edinburgh

question: Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside?

answer: University of Edinburgh

text: University of Edinburgh

question: Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?

answer: Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.

text: Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.


text: As a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. "It isn't something I enjoy admitting," he once said, "but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by the outward perception of my parents' Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times." Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying: "In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. Two bloody noses. It was horrible."

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: As

text: a

text: child

text: Spielberg

text: faced

text: difficulty

text: reconciling

text: being

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: Jew

text: with

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: him

text: by

text: other

text: children

text: he

text: played

text: with

text: It

text: is

text: n't

text: something

text: I

text: enjoy

text: admitting

text: he

text: once

text: said

text: but

text: when

text: I

text: was

text: seven

text: eight

text: nine

text: years

text: old

text: God

text: forgive

text: me

text: I

text: was

text: embarrassed

text: because

text: we

text: were

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: I

text: was

text: embarrassed

text: by

text: the

text: outward

text: perception

text: of

text: my

text: parents

text: Jewish

text: practices

text: I

text: was

text: never

text: really

text: ashamed

text: to

text: be

text: Jewish

text: but

text: I

text: was

text: uneasy

text: at

text: times

text: Spielberg

text: also

text: said

text: he

text: suffered

text: from

text: acts

text: of

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: prejudice

text: and

text: bullying

text: In

text: high

text: school

text: I

text: got

text: smacked

text: and

text: kicked

text: around

text: Two

text: bloody

text: noses

text: It

text: was

text: horrible

question: When did Steven Spielberg have trouble dealing with being an Orthodox Jew?

answer: As a child

text: As a child

question: How did Steven Spielberg feel about being an Orhtodox Jew?

answer: embarrassed

text: embarrassed

question: What kind of prejudice did Spielberg have to deal with in High school?

answer: anti-Semitic

text: anti-Semitic

question: How many bloody noses did Spielberg get in High School?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: At what age was Spielberg embarrassed by his family being Jewish?

answer: seven, eight, nine years old

text: seven, eight, nine years old

question: What was Spielberg bullied because of?

answer: anti-Semitic prejudice

text: anti-Semitic prejudice

question: How many bloody noses did Spielberg get in high school?

answer: Two

text: Two


text: On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Suribachi, prompting the now famous Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima picture. Navy Secretary James Forrestal, upon seeing the flag, remarked "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years." The flag raising is often cited as the most reproduced photograph of all time and became the archetypal representation not only of that battle, but of the entire Pacific War. For the rest of February, the Americans pushed north, and by 1 March, had taken two-thirds of the island. But it was not until 26 March that the island was finally secured. The Japanese fought to the last man, killing 6,800 Marines and wounding nearly 20,000 more. The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, and only 1,083 prisoners were taken. Historians debate whether it was strategically worth the casualties sustained.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Marine

text: Regiment

text: reached

text: the

text: summit

text: of

text: Suribachi

text: prompting

text: the

text: now

text: famous

text: Raising

text: the

text: Flag

text: on

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: picture

text: Navy

text: Secretary

text: James

text: Forrestal

text: upon

text: seeing

text: the

text: flag

text: remarked

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: The

text: flag

text: raising

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: reproduced

text: photograph

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: archetypal

text: representation

text: not

text: only

text: of

text: that

text: battle

text: but

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Pacific

text: War

text: For

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: February

text: the

text: Americans

text: pushed

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: March

text: had

text: taken

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: But

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: March

text: that

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: finally

text: secured

text: The

text: Japanese

text: fought

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: man

text: killing

text: Marines

text: and

text: wounding

text: nearly

text: more

text: The

text: Japanese

text: losses

text: totaled

text: well

text: over

text: men

text: killed

text: and

text: only

text: prisoners

text: were

text: taken

text: Historians

text: debate

text: whether

text: it

text: was

text: strategically

text: worth

text: the

text: casualties

text: sustained

question: What marine regiment reached the summit of Mount Suribachi?

answer: 28th

question: When was the summit of Mount Suribachi reached by U.S. marines?

answer: 23 February

text: 23 February

question: Who said "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years"?

answer: Navy Secretary James Forrestal

text: Navy Secretary James Forrestal

question: When was the island of Iwo Jima secured by the Americans?

answer: 26 March

text: 26 March

question: How many Japanese prisoners were taken on Iwo Jima?

answer: 1,083


text: Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Works

text: published

text: since

text: have

text: received

text: alternative

text: catalogue

text: designations

text: instead

text: of

text: opus

text: numbers

text: The

text: present

text: standard

text: musicological

text: reference

text: for

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: works

text: is

text: the

text: Kobylańska

text: Catalogue

text: usually

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: initials

text: KK

text: named

text: for

text: its

text: compiler

text: the

text: Polish

text: musicologist

text: Krystyna

text: Kobylańska

question: The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?

answer: Krystyna Kobylańska

text: Krystyna Kobylańska

question: Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?

answer: 1857

question: What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?

answer: alternative catalogue designations

text: alternative catalogue designations

question: What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?

answer: the Kobylańska Catalogue

text: the Kobylańska Catalogue

question: What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue?

answer: KK

text: KK

question: Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?

answer: Krystyna Kobylańska.

text: Krystyna Kobylańska.


text: Eclectic readings also normally give an impression of the number of witnesses to each available reading. Although a reading supported by the majority of witnesses is frequently preferred, this does not follow automatically. For example, a second edition of a Shakespeare play may include an addition alluding to an event known to have happened between the two editions. Although nearly all subsequent manuscripts may have included the addition, textual critics may reconstruct the original without the addition.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Eclectic

text: readings

text: also

text: normally

text: give

text: an

text: impression

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: witnesses

text: to

text: each

text: available

text: reading

text: Although

text: a

text: reading

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: witnesses

text: is

text: frequently

text: preferred

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: follow

text: automatically

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: second

text: edition

text: of

text: a

text: Shakespeare

text: play

text: may

text: include

text: an

text: addition

text: alluding

text: to

text: an

text: event

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: happened

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: editions

text: Although

text: nearly

text: all

text: subsequent

text: manuscripts

text: may

text: have

text: included

text: the

text: addition

text: textual

text: critics

text: may

text: reconstruct

text: the

text: original

text: without

text: the

text: addition

question: What is often included in an eclectic reading?

answer: an impression of the number of witnesses

text: an impression of the number of witnesses

question: Why would someone prefer a second edition to a first edition?

answer: a second edition of a Shakespeare play may include an addition alluding to an event known to have happened between the two editions

text: a second edition of a Shakespeare play may include an addition alluding to an event known to have happened between the two editions

question: Do textual critics always include additions found in the majority of subsequent versions of a work?

answer: textual critics may reconstruct the original without the addition.

text: textual critics may reconstruct the original without the addition.


text: Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: world

text: has

text: seen

text: many

text: enactments

text: adjustments

text: and

text: repeals

text: For

text: specific

text: details

text: an

text: overview

text: is

text: available

text: at

text: Daylight

text: saving

text: time

text: by

text: country

question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?

answer: many

text: many

question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?

answer: repeals

text: repeals


text: The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: Somalia

text: is

text: as

text: old

text: as

text: the

text: religion

text: itself

text: The

text: early

text: persecuted

text: Muslims

text: fled

text: to

text: various

text: places

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: including

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Zeila

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: northern

text: Somalia

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: seek

text: protection

text: from

text: the

text: Quraysh

text: Somalis

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: populations

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: to

text: embrace

text: Islam

text: With

text: very

text: few

text: exceptions

text: Somalis

text: are

text: entirely

text: Muslims

text: the

text: majority

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Sunni

text: branch

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: the

text: Shafi`i

text: school

text: of

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: although

text: a

text: few

text: are

text: also

text: adherents

text: of

text: the

text: Shia

text: Muslim

text: denomination

question: In what geographic part of Somalia is Zeila located?

answer: northern

text: northern

question: From whom were the early Muslims fleeing?

answer: the Quraysh

text: the Quraysh

question: Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong?

answer: Sunni

text: Sunni

question: What is the majority religion in Somalia?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: A small minority of Somalis belong to what branch of Islam?

answer: Shia

text: Shia


text: Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake. In 2011, following an investigation by the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee, the BBC announced, "Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of probabilities, it was more likely than not that the Bangalore footage was not authentic." BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Primark

text: continued

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: allegations

text: for

text: three

text: years

text: concluding

text: that

text: BBC

text: report

text: was

text: a

text: fake

text: In

text: following

text: an

text: investigation

text: by

text: the

text: BBC

text: Trust

text: ’s

text: Editorial

text: Standards

text: Committee

text: the

text: BBC

text: announced

text: Having

text: carefully

text: scrutinised

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: relevant

text: evidence

text: the

text: committee

text: concluded

text: that

text: on

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: probabilities

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: likely

text: than

text: not

text: that

text: the

text: Bangalore

text: footage

text: was

text: not

text: authentic

text: BBC

text: subsequently

text: apologised

text: for

text: faking

text: footage

text: and

text: returned

text: the

text: television

text: award

text: for

text: investigative

text: reporting

question: How many years was Primark investigated for?

answer: three years

text: three years

question: What did they claim about the BBC report?

answer: fake

text: fake

question: What did the BBC do?

answer: apologised for faking footage

text: apologised for faking footage

question: What happened to the reward the BBC received?

answer: returned the television award

text: returned the television award


text: In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen. Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: In

text: the

text: General

text: Anaya

text: borough

text: was

text: merged

text: to

text: the

text: Central

text: Department

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: renamed

text: Mexico

text: City

text: thus

text: reviving

text: the

text: name

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: autonomous

text: municipality

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: comprised

text: twelve

text: delegaciones

text: and

text: Mexico

text: City

text: In

text: Mexico

text: City

text: was

text: split

text: into

text: four

text: different

text: delegaciones

text: Cuauhtémoc

text: Miguel

text: Hidalgo

text: Venustiano

text: Carranza

text: and

text: Benito

text: Juárez

text: increasing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: delegaciones

text: to

text: sixteen

text: Since

text: then

text: in

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: manner

text: the

text: whole

text: Federal

text: District

text: whose

text: delegaciones

text: had

text: by

text: then

text: almost

text: formed

text: a

text: single

text: urban

text: area

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: a

text: synonym

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

question: When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City?

answer: 1941

question: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970?

answer: sixteen

text: sixteen

question: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?

answer: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez

text: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez


text: Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον). The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross. The Latin word crux was also applied to objects other than a cross.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: Whereas

text: most

text: Christians

text: believe

text: the

text: gibbet

text: on

text: which

text: Jesus

text: was

text: executed

text: was

text: the

text: traditional

text: two

text: beamed

text: cross

text: the

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: hold

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: a

text: single

text: upright

text: stake

text: was

text: used

text: The

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: words

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: Christian

text: writings

text: are

text: ambiguous

text: The

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: terms

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: are

text: stauros

text: σταυρός

text: and

text: xylon

text: ξύλον

text: The

text: latter

text: means

text: wood

text: a

text: live

text: tree

text: timber

text: or

text: an

text: object

text: constructed

text: of

text: wood

text: in

text: earlier

text: forms

text: of

text: Greek

text: the

text: former

text: term

text: meant

text: an

text: upright

text: stake

text: or

text: pole

text: but

text: in

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: also

text: to

text: mean

text: a

text: cross

text: The

text: Latin

text: word

text: crux

text: was

text: also

text: applied

text: to

text: objects

text: other

text: than

text: a

text: cross

question: What kind of cross is generally believed that Jesus was crucified on?

answer: traditional two-beamed cross

text: traditional two-beamed cross

question: What cross do Jehovah Witnesses claim Jesus was crucified on?

answer: single upright stake

text: single upright stake

question: What causes the different accounts of the cross used?

answer: The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous

text: The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous

question: What latin word was used to describe the cross used?

answer: crux

text: crux

question: Why was there doubt about the Latin word?

answer: crux was also applied to objects other than a cross

text: crux was also applied to objects other than a cross


text: Paris is a city of books and bookstores. In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris, almost all on the Left Bank in the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements. Since that time, because of high prices, some publishers have moved out to the less expensive areas. It is also a city of small bookstores; There are about 150 bookstores in the 5th arrondissement alone, plus another 250 book stalls along the Seine. Small Paris bookstores are protected against competition from discount booksellers by French law; books, even e-books, cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover price.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: is

text: a

text: city

text: of

text: books

text: and

text: bookstores

text: In

text: the

text: percent

text: of

text: French

text: language

text: publishing

text: houses

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: Paris

text: almost

text: all

text: on

text: the

text: Left

text: Bank

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: arrondissements

text: Since

text: that

text: time

text: because

text: of

text: high

text: prices

text: some

text: publishers

text: have

text: moved

text: out

text: to

text: the

text: less

text: expensive

text: areas

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: city

text: of

text: small

text: bookstores

text: There

text: are

text: about

text: bookstores

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: alone

text: plus

text: another

text: book

text: stalls

text: along

text: the

text: Seine

text: Small

text: Paris

text: bookstores

text: are

text: protected

text: against

text: competition

text: from

text: discount

text: booksellers

text: by

text: French

text: law

text: books

text: even

text: e

text: books

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: discounted

text: more

text: than

text: five

text: percent

text: below

text: their

text: publisher

text: 's

text: cover

text: price

question: What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s?

answer: 80

question: Approximately how many bookstores are located in the 5th arrondissement?

answer: 150

question: How many bookstalls are located along the Seine?

answer: 250

question: What is the maximum amount a publishers book can be discounted?

answer: five percent

text: five percent


text: As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including "Rudi", "Walter", and "Tito." Broz himself explains:

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: As

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: was

text: outlawed

text: in

text: Yugoslavia

text: starting

text: on

text: December

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: took

text: on

text: many

text: assumed

text: names

text: during

text: his

text: activity

text: within

text: the

text: Party

text: including

text: Rudi

text: Walter

text: and

text: Tito

text: Broz

text: himself

text: explains

question: Starting in what year was the Communist Party outlawed in Yugoslavia?

answer: 1920

question: What party was outlawed in Yugoslavia in 1920?

answer: Communist

text: Communist

question: "Rudi", "Walter" and "Tito" are names that what person assumed?

answer: Josip Broz

text: Josip Broz

question: On what date in 1920 was the Communist party outlawed in Yugoslavia?

answer: 30 December

text: 30 December

question: What was Tito's former name?

answer: Josip Broz

text: Josip Broz


text: In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: the

text: IFAB

text: experimented

text: with

text: ways

text: of

text: creating

text: a

text: winner

text: without

text: requiring

text: a

text: penalty

text: shootout

text: which

text: was

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: an

text: undesirable

text: way

text: to

text: end

text: a

text: match

text: These

text: involved

text: rules

text: ending

text: a

text: game

text: in

text: extra

text: time

text: early

text: either

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: goal

text: in

text: extra

text: time

text: was

text: scored

text: golden

text: goal

text: or

text: if

text: one

text: team

text: held

text: a

text: lead

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: period

text: of

text: extra

text: time

text: silver

text: goal

text: Golden

text: goal

text: was

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: first

text: World

text: Cup

text: game

text: decided

text: by

text: a

text: golden

text: goal

text: was

text: France

text: 's

text: victory

text: over

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: Germany

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: nation

text: to

text: score

text: a

text: golden

text: goal

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: competition

text: beating

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: of

text: Euro

text: Silver

text: goal

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: Euro

text: Both

text: these

text: experiments

text: have

text: been

text: discontinued

text: by

text: IFAB

question: What is the golden goal?

answer: the first goal in extra time

text: the first goal in extra time

question: Who was the first team to win using the golden goal to their advantage?

answer: France

text: France

question: Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?

answer: the IFAB

text: the IFAB

question: What team did France beat in 1998?

answer: Paraguay

text: Paraguay

question: What year did the Czech Republic lose in the final of Euro?

answer: 1996


text: Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Official

text: figures

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: CST

text: stated

text: that

text: were

text: confirmed

text: dead

text: including

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: and

text: injured

text: with

text: listed

text: as

text: missing

text: The

text: earthquake

text: left

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: homeless

text: though

text: the

text: number

text: could

text: be

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: million

text: Approximately

text: million

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: affected

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: deadliest

text: earthquake

text: to

text: hit

text: China

text: since

text: the

text: Tangshan

text: earthquake

text: which

text: killed

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: strongest

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: since

text: the

text: Chayu

text: earthquake

text: which

text: registered

text: at

text: on

text: the

text: Richter

text: magnitude

text: scale

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: deadliest

text: earthquake

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: spend

text: trillion

text: RMB

text: about

text: US

text: billion

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: three

text: years

text: to

text: rebuild

text: areas

text: ravaged

text: by

text: the

text: earthquake

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: economic

text: stimulus

text: program

question: How many people were confirmed dead?

answer: 69,197

question: How many people were confirmed dead only in the Sichuan province?

answer: 68,636

question: How many people were left homeless because of the earthquake?

answer: 4.8 million

text: 4.8 million

question: How many people lived in the affected area?

answer: 15 million

text: 15 million

question: How much money was dedicated to rebuild ravaged areas?

answer: 1 trillion RMB

text: 1 trillion RMB

question: How many people died in Sichuan Province?

answer: 68,636

question: How many were injured in Sichuan?

answer: 374,176

question: How many people are listed as missing?

answer: 18,222

question: How many people are homeless because of the quake?

answer: 4.8 million

text: 4.8 million

question: How high could the homeless number possibly go?

answer: 11 million

text: 11 million


text: A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status. The majority come from Eastern European countries: Albania (56%), Bulgaria (5%) and Romania (3%), while migrants from the former Soviet Union (Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.) comprise 10% of the total. Some of the immigrants from Albania are from the Greek minority in Albania centred on the region of Northern Epirus. In addition the total Albanian national population which includes temporary migrants and undocumented persons is around 600,000.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: A

text: study

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Migration

text: Observatory

text: maintains

text: that

text: the

text: census

text: recorded

text: persons

text: residing

text: in

text: Greece

text: without

text: Greek

text: citizenship

text: constituting

text: around

text: of

text: total

text: population

text: Of

text: the

text: non

text: citizen

text: residents

text: were

text: EU

text: or

text: European

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Association

text: nationals

text: and

text: were

text: Cypriots

text: with

text: privileged

text: status

text: The

text: majority

text: come

text: from

text: Eastern

text: European

text: countries

text: Albania

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: Romania

text: while

text: migrants

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Georgia

text: Russia

text: Ukraine

text: Moldova

text: etc

text: comprise

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Albania

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: minority

text: in

text: Albania

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Epirus

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: total

text: Albanian

text: national

text: population

text: which

text: includes

text: temporary

text: migrants

text: and

text: undocumented

text: persons

text: is

text: around

question: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?

answer: 762,191

question: In 2001, what was the population percentage of resident non-citizens?

answer: 7%

question: From where did most non-citizen residents come?

answer: Eastern European countries

text: Eastern European countries

question: What is the total Albanian population in Greece?

answer: 600,000


text: Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable to the diurnal mongoose). In other cases, such as oil palms in Indonesia and Malaysia, the introduction produces substantial economic benefits, but the benefits are accompanied by costly unintended consequences.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Not

text: all

text: introduced

text: species

text: are

text: invasive

text: nor

text: all

text: invasive

text: species

text: deliberately

text: introduced

text: In

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: zebra

text: mussel

text: invasion

text: of

text: US

text: waterways

text: was

text: unintentional

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: mongooses

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: the

text: introduction

text: is

text: deliberate

text: but

text: ineffective

text: nocturnal

text: rats

text: were

text: not

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: the

text: diurnal

text: mongoose

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: oil

text: palms

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: the

text: introduction

text: produces

text: substantial

text: economic

text: benefits

text: but

text: the

text: benefits

text: are

text: accompanied

text: by

text: costly

text: unintended

text: consequences

question: What animal unintentionally invaded the US waterways?

answer: the zebra mussel

text: the zebra mussel

question: What animal intentionally invaded Hawaii?

answer: mongooses

text: mongooses

question: What animals were not vulnerable to the mongoose?

answer: nocturnal rats

text: nocturnal rats

question: What countries experienced unintended consequences from species invasion?

answer: Indonesia and Malaysia,

text: Indonesia and Malaysia,


text: Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Deciduous

text: trees

text: and

text: plants

text: have

text: been

text: promoted

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: controlling

text: solar

text: heating

text: and

text: cooling

text: When

text: planted

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: side

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: or

text: the

text: northern

text: side

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: their

text: leaves

text: provide

text: shade

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: while

text: the

text: bare

text: limbs

text: allow

text: light

text: to

text: pass

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: Since

text: bare

text: leafless

text: trees

text: shade

text: to

text: of

text: incident

text: solar

text: radiation

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: balance

text: between

text: the

text: benefits

text: of

text: summer

text: shading

text: and

text: the

text: corresponding

text: loss

text: of

text: winter

text: heating

text: In

text: climates

text: with

text: significant

text: heating

text: loads

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: planted

text: on

text: the

text: Equator

text: facing

text: side

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: because

text: they

text: will

text: interfere

text: with

text: winter

text: solar

text: availability

text: They

text: can

text: however

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: sides

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: summer

text: shading

text: without

text: appreciably

text: affecting

text: winter

text: solar

text: gain

question: The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling?

answer: trees and plants

text: trees and plants

question: How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?

answer: 1/3 to 1/2

text: 1/3 to 1/2

question: Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator?

answer: they will interfere with winter solar availability

text: they will interfere with winter solar availability

question: What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?

answer: east and west

text: east and west


text: The graphic novel—book-length comics—began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978). The term became widely known with the public after the commercial success of Maus, Watchmen, and The Dark Knight Returns in the mid-1980s. In the 21st century graphic novels became established in mainstream bookstores and libraries and webcomics became common.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: The

text: graphic

text: novel

text: book

text: length

text: comics

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: attention

text: after

text: Will

text: Eisner

text: popularized

text: the

text: term

text: with

text: his

text: book

text: A

text: Contract

text: with

text: God

text: The

text: term

text: became

text: widely

text: known

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: after

text: the

text: commercial

text: success

text: of

text: Maus

text: Watchmen

text: and

text: The

text: Dark

text: Knight

text: Returns

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: graphic

text: novels

text: became

text: established

text: in

text: mainstream

text: bookstores

text: and

text: libraries

text: and

text: webcomics

text: became

text: common

question: What is a comic that is as long as a book called?

answer: graphic novel

text: graphic novel

question: Who helped "graphic novel" get public attention?

answer: Will Eisner

text: Will Eisner

question: What decade did the term "graphic novel" become well known by the public?

answer: 1980s

question: In addition to printed graphic novels in stores, what became popular online?

answer: webcomics

text: webcomics

question: The popularity of the Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns and what other comic helped popularize "graphic novel" as a term?

answer: Maus

text: Maus


text: The region grew based on the lucrative fur trade, in which numerous Native American people had important roles. Detroit's city flag reflects its French colonial heritage. (See Flag of Detroit). Descendants of the earliest French and French Canadian settlers formed a cohesive community who gradually were replaced as the dominant population after more Anglo-American settlers came to the area in the early 19th century. Living along the shores of Lakes St. Clair, and south to Monroe and downriver suburbs, the French Canadians of Detroit, also known as Muskrat French, remain a subculture in the region today.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: region

text: grew

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: lucrative

text: fur

text: trade

text: in

text: which

text: numerous

text: Native

text: American

text: people

text: had

text: important

text: roles

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: city

text: flag

text: reflects

text: its

text: French

text: colonial

text: heritage

text: See

text: Flag

text: of

text: Detroit

text: Descendants

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: French

text: and

text: French

text: Canadian

text: settlers

text: formed

text: a

text: cohesive

text: community

text: who

text: gradually

text: were

text: replaced

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: population

text: after

text: more

text: Anglo

text: American

text: settlers

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Living

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Lakes

text: St.

text: Clair

text: and

text: south

text: to

text: Monroe

text: and

text: downriver

text: suburbs

text: the

text: French

text: Canadians

text: of

text: Detroit

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Muskrat

text: French

text: remain

text: a

text: subculture

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: today

question: What trade was instrumental to the growth of this region?

answer: fur

text: fur

question: By which group were the original French and French Canadians replaced?

answer: Anglo-American settlers

text: Anglo-American settlers

question: What is the name of the French Canadians in Detroit?

answer: Muskrat French

text: Muskrat French


text: Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to 1 January in 1752 (so 1751 was a short year with only 282 days) though in England the start of the tax year remained at 25 March (O.S.), 5 April (N.S.) till 1800, when it moved to 6 April. Later in 1752 in September the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies (see the section Adoption). These two reforms were implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Most

text: Western

text: European

text: countries

text: changed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: to

text: January

text: before

text: they

text: adopted

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: For

text: example

text: Scotland

text: changed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: New

text: Year

text: to

text: January

text: in

text: this

text: means

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: short

text: year

text: England

text: Ireland

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: colonies

text: changed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: to

text: January

text: in

text: so

text: was

text: a

text: short

text: year

text: with

text: only

text: days

text: though

text: in

text: England

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: tax

text: year

text: remained

text: at

text: March

text: O.S.

text: April

text: N.S.

text: till

text: when

text: it

text: moved

text: to

text: April

text: Later

text: in

text: in

text: September

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: was

text: introduced

text: throughout

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: colonies

text: see

text: the

text: section

text: Adoption

text: These

text: two

text: reforms

text: were

text: implemented

text: by

text: the

text: Calendar

text: New

text: Style

text: Act

question: On what date did most European countries set the start of the new year?

answer: 1 January

text: 1 January

question: When did Scotland begin to use January 1 as the start of the new year?

answer: 1600

question: When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1?

answer: 1752

question: What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar?

answer: Calendar (New Style) Act 1750

text: Calendar (New Style) Act 1750

question: When did England finally change the tax year to 6 April?

answer: 1800


text: Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable application of these concepts. Thus, engaging in the commercial world is a legitimate means to achieving a livelihood, but individuals should participate in modern society as little as possible. The same outlook is applied with regard to obtaining degrees necessary to enter one's intended profession: where tolerated in the Haredi society, attending secular institutions of higher education is viewed as a necessary but inferior activity. Academic interest is instead to be directed toward the religious education found in the yeshiva. Both boys and girls attend school and may proceed to higher Torah study, starting anywhere between the ages of 13 and 18. A significant proportion of students, especially boys, remain in yeshiva until marriage (which is often arranged through facilitated dating – see shiduch), and many study in a kollel (Torah study institute for married men) for many years after marriage. Most Orthodox men (including many Modern Orthodox), even those not in Kollel, will study Torah daily.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Haredi

text: Judaism

text: advocates

text: segregation

text: from

text: non

text: Jewish

text: culture

text: although

text: not

text: from

text: non

text: Jewish

text: society

text: entirely

text: It

text: is

text: characterised

text: by

text: its

text: focus

text: on

text: community

text: wide

text: Torah

text: study

text: Haredi

text: Orthodoxy

text: 's

text: differences

text: with

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: usually

text: lie

text: in

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: traditional

text: halakhic

text: concepts

text: and

text: in

text: acceptable

text: application

text: of

text: these

text: concepts

text: Thus

text: engaging

text: in

text: the

text: commercial

text: world

text: is

text: a

text: legitimate

text: means

text: to

text: achieving

text: a

text: livelihood

text: but

text: individuals

text: should

text: participate

text: in

text: modern

text: society

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: possible

text: The

text: same

text: outlook

text: is

text: applied

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: obtaining

text: degrees

text: necessary

text: to

text: enter

text: one

text: 's

text: intended

text: profession

text: where

text: tolerated

text: in

text: the

text: Haredi

text: society

text: attending

text: secular

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: necessary

text: but

text: inferior

text: activity

text: Academic

text: interest

text: is

text: instead

text: to

text: be

text: directed

text: toward

text: the

text: religious

text: education

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: yeshiva

text: Both

text: boys

text: and

text: girls

text: attend

text: school

text: and

text: may

text: proceed

text: to

text: higher

text: Torah

text: study

text: starting

text: anywhere

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: A

text: significant

text: proportion

text: of

text: students

text: especially

text: boys

text: remain

text: in

text: yeshiva

text: until

text: marriage

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: arranged

text: through

text: facilitated

text: dating

text: see

text: shiduch

text: and

text: many

text: study

text: in

text: a

text: kollel

text: Torah

text: study

text: institute

text: for

text: married

text: men

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: after

text: marriage

text: Most

text: Orthodox

text: men

text: including

text: many

text: Modern

text: Orthodox

text: even

text: those

text: not

text: in

text: Kollel

text: will

text: study

text: Torah

text: daily

question: What type of Judaism advocated segregation from non-Jewish culture?

answer: Haredi Judaism

text: Haredi Judaism

question: What should individuals participate as little as possible in?

answer: modern society

text: modern society

question: Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society?

answer: Haredi

text: Haredi

question: What do a significant portion of boys remain in until marriage?

answer: yeshiva

text: yeshiva

question: What is a Torah study institute for married men called?

answer: kollel

text: kollel


text: China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: China

text: 's

text: modern

text: higher

text: education

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Tientsin

text: University

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: polytechnic

text: plus

text: a

text: law

text: department

text: Liberal

text: arts

text: were

text: not

text: offered

text: until

text: three

text: years

text: later

text: at

text: Capital

text: University

text: To

text: this

text: day

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: elite

text: universities

text: remain

text: essentially

text: polytechnical

question: In what year was the Imperial Tientsin University founded in China?

answer: 1895

question: What was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts?

answer: Capital University

text: Capital University

question: What portion of China's elite universities still have a primary polytechnical focus today?

answer: half

text: half


text: Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialistic science will eventually succeed in explaining phenomena it has not so far been able to explain. Polkinghorne prefers "dual-aspect monism" to faith in materialism.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Some

text: critics

text: object

text: to

text: materialism

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: overly

text: skeptical

text: narrow

text: or

text: reductivist

text: approach

text: to

text: theorizing

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: ontological

text: claim

text: that

text: matter

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: substance

text: Particle

text: physicist

text: and

text: Anglican

text: theologian

text: John

text: Polkinghorne

text: objects

text: to

text: what

text: he

text: calls

text: promissory

text: materialism

text: claims

text: that

text: materialistic

text: science

text: will

text: eventually

text: succeed

text: in

text: explaining

text: phenomena

text: it

text: has

text: not

text: so

text: far

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: explain

text: Polkinghorne

text: prefers

text: dual

text: aspect

text: monism

text: to

text: faith

text: in

text: materialism

question: Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?

answer: dual-aspect monism

text: dual-aspect monism


text: A squab is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table. Like other domesticated pigeons, birds used for this purpose are descended from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). Special utility breeds with desirable characteristics are used. Two eggs are laid and incubated for about 17 days. When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop. Squabs grow rapidly, but are slow to fledge and are ready to leave the nest at 26 to 30 days weighing about 500 g (18 oz). By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: A

text: squab

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: young

text: of

text: domestic

text: pigeons

text: that

text: are

text: destined

text: for

text: the

text: table

text: Like

text: other

text: domesticated

text: pigeons

text: birds

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: rock

text: pigeon

text: Columba

text: livia

text: Special

text: utility

text: breeds

text: with

text: desirable

text: characteristics

text: are

text: used

text: Two

text: eggs

text: are

text: laid

text: and

text: incubated

text: for

text: about

text: days

text: When

text: they

text: hatch

text: the

text: squabs

text: are

text: fed

text: by

text: both

text: parents

text: on

text: pigeon

text: 's

text: milk

text: a

text: thick

text: secretion

text: high

text: in

text: protein

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: crop

text: Squabs

text: grow

text: rapidly

text: but

text: are

text: slow

text: to

text: fledge

text: and

text: are

text: ready

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: nest

text: at

text: to

text: days

text: weighing

text: about

text: g

text: oz

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: adult

text: pigeons

text: will

text: have

text: laid

text: and

text: be

text: incubating

text: another

text: pair

text: of

text: eggs

text: and

text: a

text: prolific

text: pair

text: should

text: produce

text: two

text: squabs

text: every

text: four

text: weeks

text: during

text: a

text: breeding

text: season

text: lasting

text: several

text: months

question: What is the gourmet title given to pigeons ?

answer: A squab

text: A squab

question: From what variety of pigeon does the squab decen?

answer: rock pigeon (Columba livia)

text: rock pigeon (Columba livia)

question: Are squabs treated differently from other piegons by humans aside from consumption?

answer: When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop

text: When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop

question: How often are pigeons able to breed for the consumption process ?

answer: a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months

text: a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months


text: The Alaska Bush, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage typically have the strongest Republican showing. As of 2004[update], well over half of all registered voters have chosen "Non-Partisan" or "Undeclared" as their affiliation, despite recent attempts to close primaries to unaffiliated voters.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: Alaska

text: Bush

text: central

text: Juneau

text: midtown

text: and

text: downtown

text: Anchorage

text: and

text: the

text: areas

text: surrounding

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Alaska

text: Fairbanks

text: campus

text: and

text: Ester

text: have

text: been

text: strongholds

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: The

text: Matanuska

text: Susitna

text: Borough

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Fairbanks

text: including

text: North

text: Pole

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: base

text: and

text: South

text: Anchorage

text: typically

text: have

text: the

text: strongest

text: Republican

text: showing

text: As

text: of

text: well

text: over

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: registered

text: voters

text: have

text: chosen

text: Non

text: Partisan

text: or

text: Undeclared

text: as

text: their

text: affiliation

text: despite

text: recent

text: attempts

text: to

text: close

text: primaries

text: to

text: unaffiliated

text: voters

question: The areas surrounding which university has been historically a Democratic stronghold?

answer: University of Alaska Fairbanks

text: University of Alaska Fairbanks

question: Which areas of Alaska have the highest Republican concentrations?

answer: The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage

text: The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage

question: As of 2004, how many Alaskan residents refuse to select a political party?

answer: well over half

text: well over half


text: The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: source

text: after

text: Polybius

text: is

text: Diodorus

text: Siculus

text: who

text: wrote

text: his

text: Bibliotheca

text: historica

text: between

text: and

text: BCE

text: and

text: reproduced

text: some

text: important

text: earlier

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: Hieronymus

text: but

text: his

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: breaks

text: off

text: after

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Ipsus

text: Another

text: important

text: source

text: Plutarch

text: 's

text: Parallel

text: Lives

text: though

text: more

text: preoccupied

text: with

text: issues

text: of

text: personal

text: character

text: and

text: morality

text: outlines

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: important

text: Hellenistic

text: figures

text: Appian

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: late

text: first

text: century

text: CE

text: before

text: CE

text: wrote

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: empire

text: that

text: includes

text: information

text: of

text: some

text: Hellenistic

text: kingdoms

question: When did Diodorus Siculus write Bibliotheca historica?

answer: 60 and 30 BCE

text: 60 and 30 BCE

question: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?

answer: battle of Ipsus

text: battle of Ipsus

question: Who wrote Parallel Lives?

answer: Plutarch

text: Plutarch

question: Where was Apprian from?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: Which writer outlined the history of important Hellenistic figures?

answer: Plutarch

text: Plutarch


text: The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons. One of the most loved Orthodox Akathists (i.e. standing hymns) is devoted to Mary and it is often simply called the Akathist Hymn. Five of the twelve Great Feasts in Orthodoxy are dedicated to Mary. The Sunday of Orthodoxy directly links the Virgin Mary's identity as Mother of God with icon veneration. A number of Orthodox feasts are connected with the miraculous icons of the Theotokos.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: views

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: still

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: shaping

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Marian

text: perspective

text: However

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: views

text: on

text: Mary

text: are

text: mostly

text: doxological

text: rather

text: than

text: academic

text: they

text: are

text: expressed

text: in

text: hymns

text: praise

text: liturgical

text: poetry

text: and

text: the

text: veneration

text: of

text: icons

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: loved

text: Orthodox

text: Akathists

text: i.e.

text: standing

text: hymns

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: Mary

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: simply

text: called

text: the

text: Akathist

text: Hymn

text: Five

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: Great

text: Feasts

text: in

text: Orthodoxy

text: are

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Mary

text: The

text: Sunday

text: of

text: Orthodoxy

text: directly

text: links

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: 's

text: identity

text: as

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: with

text: icon

text: veneration

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: feasts

text: are

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: miraculous

text: icons

text: of

text: the

text: Theotokos

question: What are Akathists?

answer: standing hymns

text: standing hymns

question: How many of the Orthodox Great Feasts dedicated to Mary?

answer: Five

text: Five

question: What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary?

answer: the Akathist Hymn

text: the Akathist Hymn

question: Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration?

answer: Sunday of Orthodoxy

text: Sunday of Orthodoxy


text: During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milton Eisenhower, then a journalist at the Agriculture Department, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the Army War College and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: army

text: stalled

text: somewhat

text: as

text: military

text: priorities

text: diminished

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: friends

text: resigned

text: for

text: high

text: paying

text: business

text: jobs

text: He

text: was

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Battle

text: Monuments

text: Commission

text: directed

text: by

text: General

text: Pershing

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: Milton

text: Eisenhower

text: then

text: a

text: journalist

text: at

text: the

text: Agriculture

text: Department

text: he

text: produced

text: a

text: guide

text: to

text: American

text: battlefields

text: in

text: Europe

text: He

text: then

text: was

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: Army

text: War

text: College

text: and

text: graduated

text: in

text: After

text: a

text: one

text: year

text: assignment

text: in

text: France

text: Eisenhower

text: served

text: as

text: executive

text: officer

text: to

text: General

text: George

text: V.

text: Mosely

text: Assistant

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: from

text: to

text: February

text: Major

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: Army

text: Industrial

text: College

text: Washington

text: DC

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: served

text: on

text: the

text: faculty

text: it

text: was

text: later

text: expanded

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Industrial

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Services

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: School

text: for

text: National

text: Security

text: and

text: Resource

text: Strategy

question: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period?

answer: Pershing

text: Pershing

question: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work?

answer: Agriculture

text: Agriculture

question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College?

answer: 1928

question: What was the office held by George Mosely?

answer: Assistant Secretary of War

text: Assistant Secretary of War

question: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933?

answer: Major

text: Major


text: In the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill, and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: In

text: the

text: high

text: villages

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: homes

text: built

text: according

text: to

text: medieval

text: designs

text: that

text: withstand

text: cold

text: winters

text: The

text: kitchen

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: living

text: area

text: called

text: the

text: stube

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: heated

text: by

text: a

text: stove

text: and

text: second

text: floor

text: bedrooms

text: benefit

text: from

text: rising

text: heat

text: The

text: typical

text: Swiss

text: chalet

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Oberland

text: Chalets

text: often

text: face

text: south

text: or

text: downhill

text: and

text: are

text: built

text: of

text: solid

text: wood

text: with

text: a

text: steeply

text: gabled

text: roof

text: to

text: allow

text: accumulated

text: snow

text: to

text: slide

text: off

text: easily

text: Stairs

text: leading

text: to

text: upper

text: levels

text: are

text: sometimes

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: and

text: balconies

text: are

text: sometimes

text: enclosed

question: What do people in high villages build their homes according to?

answer: medieval designs that withstand cold winters

text: medieval designs that withstand cold winters

question: What is the area of the home heated by a stove called?

answer: the stube

text: the stube

question: The typic Swiss chalet originated from where?

answer: the Bernese Oberland

text: the Bernese Oberland

question: Which direction do Chalets often face?

answer: south or downhill

text: south or downhill

question: What are Chalets built of?

answer: solid wood

text: solid wood