text: The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble'), meaning "place of the noble lords". The Akkadian word Shumer may represent the geographical name in dialect, but the phonological development leading to the Akkadian term šumerû is uncertain. Hebrew Shinar, Egyptian Sngr, and Hittite Šanhar(a), all referring to southern Mesopotamia, could be western variants of Shumer.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: term

text: Sumerian

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: non

text: Semitic

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Mesopotamia

text: Sumer

text: by

text: the

text: Semitic

text: Akkadians

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: referred

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: ùĝ

text: saĝ

text: gíg

text: ga

text: cuneiform

text: 𒌦

text: 𒊕

text: 𒈪

text: 𒂵

text: phonetically

text: /uŋ

text: saŋ

text: giga/

text: literally

text: meaning

text: the

text: black

text: headed

text: people

text: and

text: to

text: their

text: land

text: as

text: ki

text: en

text: gi(-r

text: place

text: lords

text: noble

text: meaning

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: noble

text: lords

text: The

text: Akkadian

text: word

text: Shumer

text: may

text: represent

text: the

text: geographical

text: name

text: in

text: dialect

text: but

text: the

text: phonological

text: development

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: term

text: šumerû

text: is

text: uncertain

text: Hebrew

text: Shinar

text: Egyptian

text: Sngr

text: and

text: Hittite

text: Šanhar(a

text: all

text: referring

text: to

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: could

text: be

text: western

text: variants

text: of

text: Shumer

question: What is the common name given to the non-Semitic dwellers of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians?

answer: Sumerian

text: Sumerian

question: What did the Sumerians refer to themselves as in their language?

answer: "the black-headed people"

text: "the black-headed people"

question: How did the Sumerians refer to their land?

answer: "place of the noble lords"

text: "place of the noble lords"

question: Shumer, an Akkadian word, could reference what type of name?

answer: geographical

text: geographical

question: What compass point of Mesopotamia did the Hebrew Shinar refer to?

answer: southern

text: southern


text: Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line, which she designed with her daughter, Lourdes. The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label. Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness. In November 2011, Madonna and MG Icon announced the release of a second fashion brand called Truth or Dare by Madonna to include footwear, underclothing, and accessories. She also directed her second feature film, W.E., a biographic about the affair between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson; it was co-written with Alek Keshishian. Critical and commercial response to the film was negative. Madonna contributed the ballad "Masterpiece" for the film's soundtrack, which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: released

text: the

text: Material

text: Girl

text: clothing

text: line

text: which

text: she

text: designed

text: with

text: her

text: daughter

text: Lourdes

text: The

text: inspired

text: clothing

text: line

text: borrowed

text: from

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: punk

text: girl

text: style

text: when

text: she

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: was

text: released

text: under

text: the

text: Macy

text: 's

text: label

text: Madonna

text: also

text: opened

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: fitness

text: centers

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: named

text: Hard

text: Candy

text: Fitness

text: In

text: November

text: Madonna

text: and

text: MG

text: Icon

text: announced

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: second

text: fashion

text: brand

text: called

text: Truth

text: or

text: Dare

text: by

text: Madonna

text: to

text: include

text: footwear

text: underclothing

text: and

text: accessories

text: She

text: also

text: directed

text: her

text: second

text: feature

text: film

text: W.E.

text: a

text: biographic

text: about

text: the

text: affair

text: between

text: King

text: Edward

text: VIII

text: and

text: Wallis

text: Simpson

text: it

text: was

text: co

text: written

text: with

text: Alek

text: Keshishian

text: Critical

text: and

text: commercial

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: negative

text: Madonna

text: contributed

text: the

text: ballad

text: Masterpiece

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: soundtrack

text: which

text: won

text: her

text: a

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Original

text: Song

question: What is the name of the clothing line Madonna released with her daughter?

answer: Material Girl

text: Material Girl

question: Material Girl clothing line is released under which brand?

answer: Macy's

text: Macy's

question: What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened?

answer: Hard Candy Fitness

text: Hard Candy Fitness

question: When did Madonna released her second clothing line?

answer: November 2011

text: November 2011

question: What is the name of the second film that Madonna directed?

answer: W.E.

text: W.E.


text: The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support. Oribe, with the support of the then conservative Governor of Buenos Aires Province Juan Manuel de Rosas, besieged the Colorados in Montevideo, where the latter were supported by the French Legion, the Italian Legion, the Basque Legion and battalions from Brazil. Finally, in 1851, with the additional support of Argentine rebels who opposed Rosas, the Colorados defeated Oribe. The fighting, however, resumed in 1855, when the Blancos came to power, which they maintained until 1865. Thereafter, the Colorado Party regained power, which they retained until past the middle of the 20th century.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: suffered

text: a

text: siege

text: of

text: eight

text: years

text: between

text: and

text: during

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: supplied

text: by

text: sea

text: with

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: support

text: Oribe

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: conservative

text: Governor

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Province

text: Juan

text: Manuel

text: de

text: Rosas

text: besieged

text: the

text: Colorados

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: where

text: the

text: latter

text: were

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Legion

text: the

text: Italian

text: Legion

text: the

text: Basque

text: Legion

text: and

text: battalions

text: from

text: Brazil

text: Finally

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: additional

text: support

text: of

text: Argentine

text: rebels

text: who

text: opposed

text: Rosas

text: the

text: Colorados

text: defeated

text: Oribe

text: The

text: fighting

text: however

text: resumed

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Blancos

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: which

text: they

text: maintained

text: until

text: Thereafter

text: the

text: Colorado

text: Party

text: regained

text: power

text: which

text: they

text: retained

text: until

text: past

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: What did Montevideo suffer between 1843 and 1851?

answer: a siege

text: a siege

question: How did the British and French supply the city of Montevideo??

answer: by sea

text: by sea

question: What year did the Colorados defeat Oribe?

answer: 1851


text: Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes. In recent years, many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, "[H]e's becoming a Democrat [… H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left".

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: ran

text: for

text: re

text: election

text: against

text: Democrat

text: Phil

text: Angelides

text: the

text: California

text: State

text: Treasurer

text: in

text: the

text: elections

text: held

text: on

text: November

text: Despite

text: a

text: poor

text: year

text: nationally

text: for

text: the

text: Republican

text: party

text: Schwarzenegger

text: won

text: re

text: election

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: compared

text: with

text: for

text: Angelides

text: a

text: margin

text: of

text: well

text: over

text: one

text: million

text: votes

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: many

text: commentators

text: have

text: seen

text: Schwarzenegger

text: as

text: moving

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: right

text: and

text: towards

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: spectrum

text: After

text: hearing

text: a

text: speech

text: by

text: Schwarzenegger

text: at

text: the

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: King

text: Jr.

text: breakfast

text: San

text: Francisco

text: mayor

text: Gavin

text: Newsom

text: said

text: that

text: H]e

text: 's

text: becoming

text: a

text: Democrat

text: H]e

text: 's

text: running

text: back

text: not

text: even

text: to

text: the

text: center

text: I

text: would

text: say

text: center

text: left

question: In the 2006 gubernatorial election, who did Schwarzenegger run against?

answer: Phil Angelides

text: Phil Angelides

question: Which city was Gavin Newsom mayor of when he said Schwarzenegger was turning Democrat?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco


text: Śīla (Sanskrit) or sīla (Pāli) is usually translated into English as "virtuous behavior", "morality", "moral discipline", "ethics" or "precept". It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort. It is one of the three practices (sīla, samādhi, and paññā) and the second pāramitā. It refers to moral purity of thought, word, and deed. The four conditions of śīla are chastity, calmness, quiet, and extinguishment.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Śīla

text: Sanskrit

text: or

text: sīla

text: Pāli

text: is

text: usually

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: as

text: virtuous

text: behavior

text: morality

text: moral

text: discipline

text: ethics

text: or

text: precept

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: action

text: committed

text: through

text: the

text: body

text: speech

text: or

text: mind

text: and

text: involves

text: an

text: intentional

text: effort

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: practices

text: sīla

text: samādhi

text: and

text: paññā

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: pāramitā

text: It

text: refers

text: to

text: moral

text: purity

text: of

text: thought

text: word

text: and

text: deed

text: The

text: four

text: conditions

text: of

text: śīla

text: are

text: chastity

text: calmness

text: quiet

text: and

text: extinguishment

question: What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort?

answer: Śīla

text: Śīla

question: Sila is the second what?

answer: pāramitā

text: pāramitā


text: An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area. In addition, there is a magazine published by Back40 Design Group called The Edmond Outlook. It contains local commentary and human interest pieces direct-mailed to over 50,000 Edmond residents.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: An

text: upscale

text: lifestyle

text: publication

text: called

text: Slice

text: Magazine

text: is

text: circulated

text: throughout

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: magazine

text: published

text: by

text: Design

text: Group

text: called

text: The

text: Edmond

text: Outlook

text: It

text: contains

text: local

text: commentary

text: and

text: human

text: interest

text: pieces

text: direct

text: mailed

text: to

text: over

text: Edmond

text: residents

question: What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?

answer: Slice Magazine

text: Slice Magazine

question: What is another magazine that is published in Oklahoma City?

answer: Back40


text: The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable".

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: The

text: Royal

text: Australian

text: Navy

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: procuring

text: two

text: Canberra

text: class

text: LHD

text: 's

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: commissioned

text: in

text: November

text: while

text: the

text: second

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: enter

text: service

text: in

text: The

text: ships

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Australian

text: naval

text: history

text: Their

text: primary

text: roles

text: are

text: to

text: embark

text: transport

text: and

text: deploy

text: an

text: embarked

text: force

text: and

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: or

text: support

text: humanitarian

text: assistance

text: missions

text: The

text: LHD

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: launching

text: multiple

text: helicopters

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: while

text: maintaining

text: an

text: amphibious

text: capability

text: of

text: troops

text: and

text: their

text: supporting

text: vehicles

text: tanks

text: armoured

text: personnel

text: carriers

text: etc

text: The

text: Australian

text: Defence

text: Minister

text: has

text: publicly

text: raised

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: procuring

text: STOVL

text: aircraft

text: for

text: the

text: carrier

text: stating

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: on

text: the

text: table

text: since

text: day

text: one

text: and

text: stating

text: the

text: LHD

text: 's

text: are

text: STOVL

text: capable

question: Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's?

answer: The Royal Australian Navy

text: The Royal Australian Navy

question: How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?

answer: the largest in Australian naval history

text: the largest in Australian naval history

question: How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?

answer: 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles

text: 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles

question: What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH?

answer: to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force

text: to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force

question: How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching?

answer: multiple helicopters at one time

text: multiple helicopters at one time


text: In some team matches, only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment. Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status. This is known as a "tag", with the participants "tagging out" and "tagging in". Typically the wrestler who is tagging out has a 5-second count to leave the ring, whereas the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: some

text: team

text: matches

text: only

text: one

text: entrant

text: from

text: each

text: team

text: may

text: be

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: legal

text: or

text: active

text: wrestler

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: moment

text: Two

text: wrestlers

text: must

text: make

text: physical

text: contact

text: typically

text: palm

text: to

text: palm

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: transfer

text: this

text: legal

text: status

text: This

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: tag

text: with

text: the

text: participants

text: tagging

text: out

text: and

text: tagging

text: in

text: Typically

text: the

text: wrestler

text: who

text: is

text: tagging

text: out

text: has

text: a

text: count

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: ring

text: whereas

text: the

text: one

text: tagging

text: in

text: can

text: enter

text: the

text: ring

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: resulting

text: in

text: heels

text: legally

text: double

text: teaming

text: a

text: face

question: What does a "tag" entail?

answer: Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status.

text: Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status.

question: What are two things that can be done with tagging?

answer: "tagging out" and "tagging in".

text: "tagging out" and "tagging in".

question: How long does a wrestler have to leave the ring once they are tagged out?

answer: has a 5-second count to leave the ring

text: has a 5-second count to leave the ring

question: How much time does a wrestler have once they tag in?

answer: the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.

text: the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.


text: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may contain over 15 joules of energy and be charged to over 300 volts. This is easily capable of delivering a shock. Service procedures for electronic devices usually include instructions to discharge large or high-voltage capacitors, for instance using a Brinkley stick. Capacitors may also have built-in discharge resistors to dissipate stored energy to a safe level within a few seconds after power is removed. High-voltage capacitors are stored with the terminals shorted, as protection from potentially dangerous voltages due to dielectric absorption or from transient voltages the capacitor may pick up from static charges or passing weather events.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Capacitors

text: may

text: retain

text: a

text: charge

text: long

text: after

text: power

text: is

text: removed

text: from

text: a

text: circuit

text: this

text: charge

text: can

text: cause

text: dangerous

text: or

text: even

text: potentially

text: fatal

text: shocks

text: or

text: damage

text: connected

text: equipment

text: For

text: example

text: even

text: a

text: seemingly

text: innocuous

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: disposable

text: camera

text: flash

text: unit

text: powered

text: by

text: a

text: volt

text: AA

text: battery

text: has

text: a

text: capacitor

text: which

text: may

text: contain

text: over

text: joules

text: of

text: energy

text: and

text: be

text: charged

text: to

text: over

text: volts

text: This

text: is

text: easily

text: capable

text: of

text: delivering

text: a

text: shock

text: Service

text: procedures

text: for

text: electronic

text: devices

text: usually

text: include

text: instructions

text: to

text: discharge

text: large

text: or

text: high

text: voltage

text: capacitors

text: for

text: instance

text: using

text: a

text: Brinkley

text: stick

text: Capacitors

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: built

text: in

text: discharge

text: resistors

text: to

text: dissipate

text: stored

text: energy

text: to

text: a

text: safe

text: level

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: after

text: power

text: is

text: removed

text: High

text: voltage

text: capacitors

text: are

text: stored

text: with

text: the

text: terminals

text: shorted

text: as

text: protection

text: from

text: potentially

text: dangerous

text: voltages

text: due

text: to

text: dielectric

text: absorption

text: or

text: from

text: transient

text: voltages

text: the

text: capacitor

text: may

text: pick

text: up

text: from

text: static

text: charges

text: or

text: passing

text: weather

text: events

question: How much energy could a capacitor in a disposable camera contain?

answer: over 15 joules of energy

text: over 15 joules of energy

question: To what voltage could a capacitor from a disposable camera be charged to?

answer: over 300 volts

text: over 300 volts

question: What device can be used to discharge large voltage capacitors?

answer: a Brinkley stick

text: a Brinkley stick

question: How are the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored?

answer: with the terminals shorted

text: with the terminals shorted

question: What type of charge could a capacitor pick up a transient charge from?

answer: from static charges

text: from static charges


text: Education in Israel is highly valued in the national culture with its historical values dating back to Ancient Israel and was viewed as one fundamental blocks of ancient Israelite life. Israeli culture views higher education as the key to higher mobility and socioeconomic status in Israeli society. The emphasis of education within Israeli society goes to the gulf within the Jewish diaspora from the Renaissance and Enlightenment Movement all the way to the roots of Zionism in the 1880s. Jewish communities in the Levant were the first to introduce compulsory education for which the organized community, not less than the parents, was responsible for the education of the next generation of Jews. With contemporary Jewish culture's strong emphasis, promotion of scholarship and learning and the strong propensity to promote cultivation of intellectual pursuits as well as the nations high university educational attainment rate exemplifies how highly Israeli society values higher education. The Israeli education system has been praised for various reasons, including its high quality and its major role in spurring Israel's economic development and technological boom. Many international business leaders and organizations such as Microsoft founder Bill Gates have praised Israel for its high quality of education in helping spur Israel's economic development. In 2012, the country ranked second among OECD countries (tied with Japan and after Canada) for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 46 percent compared with the OECD average of 32 percent. In addition, nearly twice as many Israelis aged 55–64 held a higher education degree compared to other OECD countries, with 47 percent holding an academic degree compared with the OECD average of 25%. In 2012, the country ranked third in the world in the number of academic degrees per capita (20 percent of the population).

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Education

text: in

text: Israel

text: is

text: highly

text: valued

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: culture

text: with

text: its

text: historical

text: values

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: Ancient

text: Israel

text: and

text: was

text: viewed

text: as

text: one

text: fundamental

text: blocks

text: of

text: ancient

text: Israelite

text: life

text: Israeli

text: culture

text: views

text: higher

text: education

text: as

text: the

text: key

text: to

text: higher

text: mobility

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: status

text: in

text: Israeli

text: society

text: The

text: emphasis

text: of

text: education

text: within

text: Israeli

text: society

text: goes

text: to

text: the

text: gulf

text: within

text: the

text: Jewish

text: diaspora

text: from

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: Enlightenment

text: Movement

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: Zionism

text: in

text: the

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: Levant

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: introduce

text: compulsory

text: education

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: organized

text: community

text: not

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: parents

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: education

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: of

text: Jews

text: With

text: contemporary

text: Jewish

text: culture

text: 's

text: strong

text: emphasis

text: promotion

text: of

text: scholarship

text: and

text: learning

text: and

text: the

text: strong

text: propensity

text: to

text: promote

text: cultivation

text: of

text: intellectual

text: pursuits

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: nations

text: high

text: university

text: educational

text: attainment

text: rate

text: exemplifies

text: how

text: highly

text: Israeli

text: society

text: values

text: higher

text: education

text: The

text: Israeli

text: education

text: system

text: has

text: been

text: praised

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: including

text: its

text: high

text: quality

text: and

text: its

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: spurring

text: Israel

text: 's

text: economic

text: development

text: and

text: technological

text: boom

text: Many

text: international

text: business

text: leaders

text: and

text: organizations

text: such

text: as

text: Microsoft

text: founder

text: Bill

text: Gates

text: have

text: praised

text: Israel

text: for

text: its

text: high

text: quality

text: of

text: education

text: in

text: helping

text: spur

text: Israel

text: 's

text: economic

text: development

text: In

text: the

text: country

text: ranked

text: second

text: among

text: OECD

text: countries

text: tied

text: with

text: Japan

text: and

text: after

text: Canada

text: for

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: to

text: olds

text: that

text: have

text: attained

text: tertiary

text: education

text: with

text: percent

text: compared

text: with

text: the

text: OECD

text: average

text: of

text: percent

text: In

text: addition

text: nearly

text: twice

text: as

text: many

text: Israelis

text: aged

text: held

text: a

text: higher

text: education

text: degree

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: OECD

text: countries

text: with

text: percent

text: holding

text: an

text: academic

text: degree

text: compared

text: with

text: the

text: OECD

text: average

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: country

text: ranked

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: academic

text: degrees

text: per

text: capita

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

question: What was Israel ranked among OECD countries?

answer: second

text: second

question: What did it rank in the number of academic degrees per capita?

answer: third

text: third

question: Who praised Israel for its high quality education?

answer: Bill Gates

text: Bill Gates


text: Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinatown neighborhood, is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Many

text: of

text: Boston

text: 's

text: medical

text: facilities

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: universities

text: The

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: Longwood

text: Medical

text: and

text: Academic

text: Area

text: and

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: General

text: Hospital

text: are

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Harvard

text: Medical

text: School

text: Tufts

text: Medical

text: Center

text: formerly

text: Tufts

text: New

text: England

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Chinatown

text: neighborhood

text: is

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Tufts

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: Boston

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: End

text: neighborhood

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: teaching

text: facility

text: for

text: the

text: Boston

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: trauma

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: Boston

text: area

text: it

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Boston

text: University

text: Hospital

text: and

text: Boston

text: City

text: Hospital

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: municipal

text: hospital

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: A lot of Bostond medical facilities are associated with what?

answer: universities

text: universities

question: The Longwood medical and Academic Area is affiliated with what medical school?

answer: Harvard Medical School

text: Harvard Medical School

question: Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what?

answer: Tufts Medical Center

text: Tufts Medical Center

question: What neighborhood is the Tufts medical Center located in?

answer: Chinatown

text: Chinatown

question: What is the name of the first municipal Hospital in the US?

answer: Boston City Hospital

text: Boston City Hospital


text: Roughly one quarter of all zinc output in the United States (2009), is consumed in the form of zinc compounds; a variety of which are used industrially. Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints, and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber. It is also used as a heat disperser for the rubber and acts to protect its polymers from ultraviolet radiation (the same UV protection is conferred to plastics containing zinc oxide). The semiconductor properties of zinc oxide make it useful in varistors and photocopying products. The zinc zinc-oxide cycle is a two step thermochemical process based on zinc and zinc oxide for hydrogen production.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Roughly

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: all

text: zinc

text: output

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: consumed

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: zinc

text: compounds

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: industrially

text: Zinc

text: oxide

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: white

text: pigment

text: in

text: paints

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: catalyst

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: rubber

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: heat

text: disperser

text: for

text: the

text: rubber

text: and

text: acts

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: polymers

text: from

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation

text: the

text: same

text: UV

text: protection

text: is

text: conferred

text: to

text: plastics

text: containing

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: The

text: semiconductor

text: properties

text: of

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: make

text: it

text: useful

text: in

text: varistors

text: and

text: photocopying

text: products

text: The

text: zinc

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: cycle

text: is

text: a

text: two

text: step

text: thermochemical

text: process

text: based

text: on

text: zinc

text: and

text: zinc

text: oxide

text: for

text: hydrogen

text: production

question: In what form is 1/4 of zinc used in the US?

answer: zinc compounds

text: zinc compounds

question: What kind of zinc compound is used in manufacturing rubber?

answer: Zinc oxide

text: Zinc oxide

question: What protects the polymers in rubber from ultraviolet radiation?

answer: Zinc oxide

text: Zinc oxide

question: Why is zinc oxide useful in photocopying products?

answer: semiconductor

text: semiconductor

question: What kind of process is the zinc zinc-oxide cycle?

answer: thermochemical

text: thermochemical


text: The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Culture in the sociological field can be defined as the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together shape a people's way of life. Culture can be any of two types, non-material culture or material culture. Non-material culture refers to the non physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief system, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions. While Material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make, or have made. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture past or present.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: The

text: sociology

text: of

text: culture

text: concerns

text: culture

text: usually

text: understood

text: as

text: the

text: ensemble

text: of

text: symbolic

text: codes

text: used

text: by

text: a

text: society

text: as

text: manifested

text: in

text: society

text: For

text: Georg

text: Simmel

text: culture

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: individuals

text: through

text: the

text: agency

text: of

text: external

text: forms

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: objectified

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: history

text: Culture

text: in

text: the

text: sociological

text: field

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: ways

text: of

text: thinking

text: the

text: ways

text: of

text: acting

text: and

text: the

text: material

text: objects

text: that

text: together

text: shape

text: a

text: people

text: 's

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: Culture

text: can

text: be

text: any

text: of

text: two

text: types

text: non

text: material

text: culture

text: or

text: material

text: culture

text: Non

text: material

text: culture

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: non

text: physical

text: ideas

text: that

text: individuals

text: have

text: about

text: their

text: culture

text: including

text: values

text: belief

text: system

text: rules

text: norms

text: morals

text: language

text: organizations

text: and

text: institutions

text: While

text: Material

text: culture

text: is

text: the

text: physical

text: evidence

text: of

text: a

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: objects

text: and

text: architecture

text: they

text: make

text: or

text: have

text: made

text: The

text: term

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: relevant

text: only

text: in

text: archeological

text: and

text: anthropological

text: studies

text: but

text: it

text: specifically

text: means

text: all

text: material

text: evidence

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: culture

text: past

text: or

text: present

question: Who referred to culture as a cultivation of individuals?

answer: Georg Simmel

text: Georg Simmel

question: What makes up the sociological parts of culture according to Simmel?

answer: ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects

text: ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects

question: What does non-material culture refer to?

answer: non physical ideas

text: non physical ideas

question: The term material culture is only relevant to what?

answer: archeological and anthropological studies

text: archeological and anthropological studies


text: A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: A

text: standard

text: adult

text: football

text: match

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: periods

text: of

text: minutes

text: each

text: known

text: as

text: halves

text: Each

text: half

text: runs

text: continuously

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: clock

text: is

text: not

text: stopped

text: when

text: the

text: ball

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: play

text: There

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: half

text: time

text: break

text: between

text: halves

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: full

text: time

text: The

text: referee

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: timekeeper

text: for

text: the

text: match

text: and

text: may

text: make

text: an

text: allowance

text: for

text: time

text: lost

text: through

text: substitutions

text: injured

text: players

text: requiring

text: attention

text: or

text: other

text: stoppages

text: This

text: added

text: time

text: is

text: called

text: additional

text: time

text: in

text: FIFA

text: documents

text: but

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: stoppage

text: time

text: or

text: injury

text: time

text: while

text: loss

text: time

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: synonym

text: The

text: duration

text: of

text: stoppage

text: time

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: sole

text: discretion

text: of

text: the

text: referee

text: The

text: referee

text: alone

text: signals

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: In

text: matches

text: where

text: a

text: fourth

text: official

text: is

text: appointed

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: half

text: the

text: referee

text: signals

text: how

text: many

text: minutes

text: of

text: stoppage

text: time

text: he

text: intends

text: to

text: add

text: The

text: fourth

text: official

text: then

text: informs

text: the

text: players

text: and

text: spectators

text: by

text: holding

text: up

text: a

text: board

text: showing

text: this

text: number

text: The

text: signalled

text: stoppage

text: time

text: may

text: be

text: further

text: extended

text: by

text: the

text: referee

text: Added

text: time

text: was

text: introduced

text: because

text: of

text: an

text: incident

text: which

text: happened

text: in

text: during

text: a

text: match

text: between

text: Stoke

text: and

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: Trailing

text: and

text: with

text: just

text: two

text: minutes

text: remaining

text: Stoke

text: were

text: awarded

text: a

text: penalty

text: Villa

text: 's

text: goalkeeper

text: kicked

text: the

text: ball

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: ball

text: had

text: been

text: recovered

text: the

text: minutes

text: had

text: elapsed

text: and

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: over

text: The

text: same

text: law

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: duration

text: of

text: either

text: half

text: is

text: extended

text: until

text: the

text: penalty

text: kick

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: or

text: retaken

text: is

text: completed

text: thus

text: no

text: game

text: shall

text: end

text: with

text: a

text: penalty

text: to

text: be

text: taken

question: How many periods are in a standard football match?

answer: two

text: two

question: How long are each period in a standard football match?

answer: 45

question: What are the periods in a football match called?

answer: halves

text: halves

question: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for?

answer: referee

text: referee

question: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?

answer: 1891


text: The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The Sakya lama retained a degree of autonomy, acting as the political authority of the region, while the dpon-chen held administrative and military power. Mongol rule of Tibet remained separate from the main provinces of China, but the region existed under the administration of the Yuan dynasty. If the Sakya lama ever came into conflict with the dpon-chen, the dpon-chen had the authority to send Chinese troops into the region.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: Mongol

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: through

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: and

text: Tibetan

text: Affairs

text: or

text: Xuanzheng

text: Yuan

text: ruled

text: Tibet

text: through

text: a

text: top

text: level

text: administrative

text: department

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: department

text: 's

text: purposes

text: was

text: to

text: select

text: a

text: dpon

text: chen

text: great

text: administrator

text: usually

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: lama

text: and

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Mongol

text: emperor

text: in

text: Beijing

text: The

text: Sakya

text: lama

text: retained

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: autonomy

text: acting

text: as

text: the

text: political

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: while

text: the

text: dpon

text: chen

text: held

text: administrative

text: and

text: military

text: power

text: Mongol

text: rule

text: of

text: Tibet

text: remained

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: main

text: provinces

text: of

text: China

text: but

text: the

text: region

text: existed

text: under

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: If

text: the

text: Sakya

text: lama

text: ever

text: came

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: dpon

text: chen

text: the

text: dpon

text: chen

text: had

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: send

text: Chinese

text: troops

text: into

text: the

text: region

question: Which dynasty ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department?

answer: Mongol Yuan

text: Mongol Yuan

question: What was a dpon-chen?

answer: great administrator

text: great administrator

question: Who confirmed the dpon-chen?

answer: Mongol emperor

text: Mongol emperor

question: Who was the political authority of the region?

answer: Sakya lama

text: Sakya lama

question: Who held administrative and military power?

answer: dpon-chen

text: dpon-chen


text: Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC), and Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem, for the infinitude of primes, and worked on the ﬁve Platonic solids. Eratosthenes used his knowledge of geometry to measure the circumference of the Earth. His calculation was remarkably accurate. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis (again with remarkable accuracy). Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. Known as the "Father of Geography ", Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians, based on the available geographical knowledge of the era.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Hellenistic

text: Geometers

text: such

text: as

text: Archimedes

text: c.

text: BC

text: Apollonius

text: of

text: Perga

text: c.

text: c.

text: BC

text: and

text: Euclid

text: c.

text: BC

text: whose

text: Elements

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: textbook

text: in

text: mathematics

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: built

text: upon

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: era

text: Pythagoreans

text: Euclid

text: developed

text: proofs

text: for

text: the

text: Pythagorean

text: Theorem

text: for

text: the

text: infinitude

text: of

text: primes

text: and

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: ﬁve

text: Platonic

text: solids

text: Eratosthenes

text: used

text: his

text: knowledge

text: of

text: geometry

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: circumference

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: His

text: calculation

text: was

text: remarkably

text: accurate

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: calculate

text: the

text: tilt

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: axis

text: again

text: with

text: remarkable

text: accuracy

text: Additionally

text: he

text: may

text: have

text: accurately

text: calculated

text: the

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: Earth

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: invented

text: the

text: leap

text: day

text: Known

text: as

text: the

text: Father

text: of

text: Geography

text: Eratosthenes

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: first

text: map

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: incorporating

text: parallels

text: and

text: meridians

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: available

text: geographical

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: era

question: When did Archimedes die?

answer: 212 BC

text: 212 BC

question: When was Euclid born?

answer: 325

question: Who worked on the five Platonic solids?

answer: Euclid

text: Euclid

question: Who measured the circumference of the Earth?

answer: Eratosthenes

text: Eratosthenes

question: Who was the Father of Geomtery?

answer: Eratosthenes

text: Eratosthenes


text: Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: competitive

text: admissions

text: with

text: the

text: incoming

text: class

text: enrolling

text: in

text: fall

text: admitting

text: from

text: a

text: pool

text: of

text: The

text: academic

text: profile

text: of

text: the

text: enrolled

text: class

text: continues

text: to

text: rate

text: among

text: the

text: top

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: for

text: national

text: research

text: universities

text: The

text: university

text: practices

text: a

text: non

text: restrictive

text: early

text: action

text: policy

text: that

text: allows

text: admitted

text: students

text: to

text: consider

text: admission

text: to

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: any

text: other

text: colleges

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: accepted

text: of

text: the

text: were

text: admitted

text: under

text: the

text: early

text: action

text: plan

text: Admitted

text: students

text: came

text: from

text: high

text: schools

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: student

text: traveled

text: more

text: than

text: miles

text: to

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: making

text: it

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: representative

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: While

text: all

text: entering

text: students

text: begin

text: in

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Year

text: of

text: Studies

text: have

text: indicated

text: they

text: plan

text: to

text: study

text: in

text: the

text: liberal

text: arts

text: or

text: social

text: sciences

text: in

text: engineering

text: in

text: business

text: in

text: science

text: and

text: in

text: architecture

question: How many incoming students did Notre Dame admit in fall 2015?

answer: 3,577

question: What percentage of students were admitted to Notre Dame in fall 2015?

answer: 19.7%

question: Where does Notre Dame rank in terms of academic profile among research universities in the US?

answer: the top 10 to 15 in the nation

text: the top 10 to 15 in the nation

question: What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program?

answer: 39.1%

question: How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there?

answer: more than 750 miles

text: more than 750 miles


text: This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: where

text: the

text: contestants

text: were

text: permitted

text: to

text: perform

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: rounds

text: songs

text: they

text: wrote

text: themselves

text: In

text: the

text: Top

text: Sam

text: Woolf

text: received

text: the

text: fewest

text: votes

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: saved

text: from

text: elimination

text: by

text: the

text: judges

text: The

text: episode

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: was

text: the

text: Top

text: performance

text: night

question: Which contestant was saved by the judges after getting the least votes on season 13 of American Idol?

answer: Sam Woolf

text: Sam Woolf

question: At what point in season 13 did American Idol air its 500th show?

answer: Top 3 performance night

text: Top 3 performance night

question: Contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever?

answer: songs they wrote themselves

text: songs they wrote themselves

question: Who received the Judges' Save this season?

answer: Sam Woolf

text: Sam Woolf

question: When did the judges use their save on Woolf?

answer: Top 8

text: Top 8

question: What episode was the 500th of the entire series?

answer: Top 3 performance night

text: Top 3 performance night


text: In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp, historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list 22 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: In

text: addressing

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: who

text: invented

text: the

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: historians

text: Robert

text: Friedel

text: and

text: Paul

text: Israel

text: list

text: inventors

text: of

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: prior

text: to

text: Joseph

text: Swan

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: They

text: conclude

text: that

text: Edison

text: 's

text: version

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: outstrip

text: the

text: others

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: three

text: factors

text: an

text: effective

text: incandescent

text: material

text: a

text: higher

text: vacuum

text: than

text: others

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: achieve

text: by

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Sprengel

text: pump

text: and

text: a

text: high

text: resistance

text: that

text: made

text: power

text: distribution

text: from

text: a

text: centralized

text: source

text: economically

text: viable

question: What made power distribution economically viable in Edison's lamp?

answer: high resistance

text: high resistance

question: How many inventors came up with electric lamps before Thomas Edison?

answer: 22

question: How did Edison achieve a higher vacuum than other inventors?

answer: by use of the Sprengel pump

text: by use of the Sprengel pump

question: Which historians wrote about the advantages of Edison's lamp over other early versions?

answer: Robert Friedel and Paul Israel

text: Robert Friedel and Paul Israel


text: The National Archives Building in downtown Washington holds record collections such as all existing federal census records, ships' passenger lists, military unit records from the American Revolution to the Philippine–American War, records of the Confederate government, the Freedmen's Bureau records, and pension and land records.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: The

text: National

text: Archives

text: Building

text: in

text: downtown

text: Washington

text: holds

text: record

text: collections

text: such

text: as

text: all

text: existing

text: federal

text: census

text: records

text: ships

text: passenger

text: lists

text: military

text: unit

text: records

text: from

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: to

text: the

text: Philippine

text: American

text: War

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: Confederate

text: government

text: the

text: Freedmen

text: 's

text: Bureau

text: records

text: and

text: pension

text: and

text: land

text: records

question: Where is the National Archives Building located?

answer: downtown Washington

text: downtown Washington

question: What proportion of the federal census records in existence does the National Archives Building house?

answer: all

text: all

question: What's the latest war The National Archives Building has military unit records for?

answer: Philippine–American War

text: Philippine–American War

question: What's the earliest war The National Archives Building has military unit records for

answer: American Revolution

text: American Revolution


text: As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: As

text: of

text: June

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: electricity

text: problems

text: were

text: so

text: severe

text: that

text: violent

text: riots

text: were

text: taking

text: place

text: across

text: Punjab

text: According

text: to

text: protesters

text: load

text: shedding

text: was

text: depriving

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: electricity

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: causing

text: businesses

text: to

text: go

text: bust

text: and

text: making

text: living

text: extremely

text: hard

text: Gujranwala

text: Toba

text: Tek

text: Singh

text: Faisalabad

text: Sialkot

text: Bahawalnagar

text: and

text: communities

text: across

text: Khanewal

text: District

text: saw

text: widespread

text: rioting

text: and

text: violence

text: on

text: Sunday

text: June

text: with

text: the

text: houses

text: of

text: several

text: members

text: of

text: parliament

text: being

text: attacked

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: offices

text: of

text: regional

text: energy

text: suppliers

text: Fesco

text: Gepco

text: and

text: Mepco

text: being

text: ransacked

text: or

text: attacked

question: What kind of problem caused riots in June 2012?

answer: electricity

text: electricity

question: How long were cities without electricity in June 2012?

answer: 20–22 hours a day

text: 20–22 hours a day

question: Where were there riots in June 2012?

answer: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District

text: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District

question: Which energy companies' offices were attacked by rioters?

answer: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco

text: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco


text: The Heptanesean kantádhes (καντάδες 'serenades'; sing.: καντάδα) became the forerunners of the Greek modern song, influencing its development to a considerable degree. For the first part of the next century, several Greek composers continued to borrow elements from the Heptanesean style. The most successful songs during the period 1870–1930 were the so-called Athenian serenades, and the songs performed on stage (επιθεωρησιακά τραγούδια 'theatrical revue songs') in revue, operettas and nocturnes that were dominating Athens' theater scene.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Heptanesean

text: kantádhes

text: καντάδες

text: serenades

text: sing

text: καντάδα

text: became

text: the

text: forerunners

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: modern

text: song

text: influencing

text: its

text: development

text: to

text: a

text: considerable

text: degree

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: several

text: Greek

text: composers

text: continued

text: to

text: borrow

text: elements

text: from

text: the

text: Heptanesean

text: style

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: songs

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: were

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Athenian

text: serenades

text: and

text: the

text: songs

text: performed

text: on

text: stage

text: επιθεωρησιακά

text: τραγούδια

text: theatrical

text: revue

text: songs

text: in

text: revue

text: operettas

text: and

text: nocturnes

text: that

text: were

text: dominating

text: Athens

text: theater

text: scene

question: What was the forerunner of Greek modern song?

answer: Heptanesean kantádhes

text: Heptanesean kantádhes

question: Athenian serenades were most successful during what time period?

answer: 1870–1930

question: What influenced Greek modern song considerably?

answer: Heptanesean kantádhes

text: Heptanesean kantádhes


text: In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian forces that secured the Faluja pocket. On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army. Appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between Israel and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist Eric Margolis, the defenders of Faluja, "including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: May

text: following

text: the

text: British

text: withdrawal

text: King

text: Farouk

text: sent

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: army

text: into

text: Palestine

text: with

text: Nasser

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Battalion

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: he

text: wrote

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: army

text: 's

text: unpreparedness

text: saying

text: our

text: soldiers

text: were

text: dashed

text: against

text: fortifications

text: Nasser

text: was

text: deputy

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: forces

text: that

text: secured

text: the

text: Faluja

text: pocket

text: On

text: July

text: he

text: was

text: lightly

text: wounded

text: in

text: the

text: fighting

text: By

text: August

text: his

text: brigade

text: was

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Army

text: Appeals

text: for

text: help

text: from

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: Arab

text: Legion

text: went

text: unheeded

text: but

text: the

text: brigade

text: refused

text: to

text: surrender

text: Negotiations

text: between

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: finally

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: ceding

text: of

text: Faluja

text: to

text: Israel

text: According

text: to

text: veteran

text: journalist

text: Eric

text: Margolis

text: the

text: defenders

text: of

text: Faluja

text: including

text: young

text: army

text: officer

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: became

text: national

text: heroes

text: for

text: enduring

text: Israeli

text: bombardment

text: while

text: isolated

text: from

text: their

text: command

question: Where was the Egyptian army sent in 1948?

answer: Palestine

text: Palestine

question: In what unit did Nasser serve?

answer: 6th Infantry Battalion

text: 6th Infantry Battalion

question: How badly was Nasser wounded?

answer: lightly

text: lightly

question: What army surrounded Nasser's brigade?

answer: Israeli

text: Israeli

question: What territory was given to Israel?

answer: Faluja

text: Faluja


text: The point at which chicks fledge varies dramatically. The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away from the nest at an early age. In most species, chicks leave the nest just before, or soon after, they are able to fly. The amount of parental care after fledging varies; albatross chicks leave the nest on their own and receive no further help, while other species continue some supplementary feeding after fledging. Chicks may also follow their parents during their first migration.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: point

text: at

text: which

text: chicks

text: fledge

text: varies

text: dramatically

text: The

text: chicks

text: of

text: the

text: Synthliboramphus

text: murrelets

text: like

text: the

text: ancient

text: murrelet

text: leave

text: the

text: nest

text: the

text: night

text: after

text: they

text: hatch

text: following

text: their

text: parents

text: out

text: to

text: sea

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: raised

text: away

text: from

text: terrestrial

text: predators

text: Some

text: other

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: ducks

text: move

text: their

text: chicks

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: nest

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: In

text: most

text: species

text: chicks

text: leave

text: the

text: nest

text: just

text: before

text: or

text: soon

text: after

text: they

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: fly

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: parental

text: care

text: after

text: fledging

text: varies

text: albatross

text: chicks

text: leave

text: the

text: nest

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: and

text: receive

text: no

text: further

text: help

text: while

text: other

text: species

text: continue

text: some

text: supplementary

text: feeding

text: after

text: fledging

text: Chicks

text: may

text: also

text: follow

text: their

text: parents

text: during

text: their

text: first

text: migration

question: Which chicks leave the nest the night after they hatch?

answer: chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets

text: chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets

question: Name a species which move their chicks away from the nest at an early age.

answer: ducks

text: ducks

question: When do most species of chicks leave the nest?

answer: just before, or soon after, they are able to fly

text: just before, or soon after, they are able to fly


text: The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: absence

text: of

text: a

text: formal

text: mechanism

text: within

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: for

text: choosing

text: a

text: leader

text: meant

text: that

text: following

text: Eden

text: 's

text: resignation

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Queen

text: to

text: decide

text: whom

text: to

text: commission

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: government

text: Eden

text: recommended

text: that

text: she

text: consult

text: Lord

text: Salisbury

text: the

text: Lord

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: Lord

text: Salisbury

text: and

text: Lord

text: Kilmuir

text: the

text: Lord

text: Chancellor

text: consulted

text: the

text: British

text: Cabinet

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: and

text: the

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: backbench

text: Committee

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Queen

text: appointing

text: their

text: recommended

text: candidate

text: Harold

text: Macmillan

question: Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?

answer: Lord Salisbury

text: Lord Salisbury

question: What position did Lord Salisbury have in the government?

answer: Lord President of the Council

text: Lord President of the Council

question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?

answer: Harold Macmillan

text: Harold Macmillan

question: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?

answer: Lord Chancellor

text: Lord Chancellor

question: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?

answer: British Cabinet

text: British Cabinet


text: In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U.S. trusteeship. All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule. Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: In

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: between

text: the

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: and

text: Japan

text: which

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: April

text: the

text: U.S.

text: put

text: the

text: outlying

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Ryukyus

text: including

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Okinawa

text: home

text: to

text: over

text: million

text: Okinawans

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: and

text: the

text: Bonin

text: Islands

text: the

text: Volcano

text: Islands

text: and

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: into

text: U.S.

text: trusteeship

text: All

text: these

text: trusteeships

text: were

text: slowly

text: returned

text: to

text: Japanese

text: rule

text: Okinawa

text: was

text: returned

text: on

text: May

text: but

text: the

text: U.S.

text: stations

text: troops

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: bases

text: as

text: a

text: defense

text: for

text: Japan

question: When did Artcle 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?

answer: April 1952

text: April 1952

question: How many people lived on the island of Okinawa?

answer: over 1 million

text: over 1 million

question: When was Okinawa finally returned?

answer: May 15, 1972

text: May 15, 1972

question: Why did the US have troops on Okinawa?

answer: as a defense for Japan.

text: as a defense for Japan.


title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: ISPs

text: may

text: engage

text: in

text: peering

text: where

text: multiple

text: ISPs

text: interconnect

text: at

text: peering

text: points

text: or

text: Internet

text: exchange

text: points

text: IXs

text: allowing

text: routing

text: of

text: data

text: between

text: each

text: network

text: without

text: charging

text: one

text: another

text: for

text: the

text: data

text: transmitted

text: data

text: that

text: would

text: otherwise

text: have

text: passed

text: through

text: a

text: third

text: upstream

text: ISP

text: incurring

text: charges

text: from

text: the

text: upstream

text: ISP

question: What is peering?

answer: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points

text: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points

question: What does peering allow?

answer: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted

text: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted

question: Why is peering used?

answer: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP

text: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP

question: What are IXs?

answer: Internet exchange points

text: Internet exchange points

question: Where do multiple ISPs connect?

answer: peering points or Internet exchange points

text: peering points or Internet exchange points


text: Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: remained

text: a

text: controversial

text: and

text: divisive

text: figure

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: stage

text: throughout

text: his

text: life

text: and

text: after

text: death

text: Supporters

text: praised

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: administration

text: for

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: almost

text: classless

text: society

text: through

text: domestic

text: reform

text: They

text: stress

text: the

text: regime

text: 's

text: achievements

text: in

text: combating

text: homelessness

text: and

text: ensuring

text: access

text: to

text: food

text: and

text: safe

text: drinking

text: water

text: Highlighting

text: that

text: under

text: Gaddafi

text: all

text: Libyans

text: enjoyed

text: free

text: education

text: to

text: a

text: university

text: level

text: they

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: dramatic

text: rise

text: in

text: literacy

text: rates

text: after

text: the

text: revolution

text: Supporters

text: have

text: also

text: applauded

text: achievements

text: in

text: medical

text: care

text: praising

text: the

text: universal

text: free

text: healthcare

text: provided

text: under

text: the

text: Gaddafist

text: administration

text: with

text: diseases

text: like

text: cholera

text: and

text: typhoid

text: being

text: contained

text: and

text: life

text: expectancy

text: raised

text: Biographers

text: Blundy

text: and

text: Lycett

text: believed

text: that

text: under

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: leadership

text: life

text: for

text: most

text: Libyans

text: undoubtedly

text: changed

text: for

text: the

text: better

text: as

text: material

text: conditions

text: and

text: wealth

text: drastically

text: improved

text: while

text: Libyan

text: studies

text: specialist

text: Lillian

text: Craig

text: Harris

text: remarked

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: administration

text: Libya

text: 's

text: national

text: wealth

text: and

text: international

text: influence

text: soared

text: and

text: its

text: national

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: has

text: risen

text: dramatically

text: Such

text: high

text: standards

text: declined

text: during

text: the

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: economic

text: stagnation

text: Gaddafi

text: claimed

text: that

text: his

text: Jamahiriya

text: was

text: a

text: concrete

text: utopia

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: appointed

text: by

text: popular

text: assent

text: with

text: some

text: Islamic

text: supporters

text: believing

text: that

text: he

text: exhibited

text: barakah

text: His

text: opposition

text: to

text: Western

text: governments

text: earned

text: him

text: the

text: respect

text: of

text: many

text: in

text: the

text: Euro

text: American

text: far

text: right

question: What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?

answer: cholera and typhoid

text: cholera and typhoid

question: What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi?

answer: free

text: free

question: Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya?

answer: economic stagnation

text: economic stagnation

question: Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi?

answer: Euro-American far right

text: Euro-American far right

question: What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris?

answer: Libyan studies specialist

text: Libyan studies specialist


text: According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 87 million acres (35 million hectares), or 23.8% of the state. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the world's largest wildlife refuge, comprising 16 million acres (6.5 million hectares).

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: According

text: to

text: an

text: October

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Land

text: Management

text: approximately

text: of

text: Alaska

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: federal

text: government

text: as

text: public

text: lands

text: including

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: national

text: forests

text: national

text: parks

text: and

text: national

text: wildlife

text: refuges

text: Of

text: these

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Land

text: Management

text: manages

text: million

text: acres

text: million

text: hectares

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: Arctic

text: National

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: is

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Fish

text: and

text: Wildlife

text: Service

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: wildlife

text: refuge

text: comprising

text: million

text: acres

text: million

text: hectares

question: What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government?

answer: 65%

question: What types of areas are managed by the federal government as public lands?

answer: national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges

text: national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges

question: How many acres is the Bureau of Land Management in charge of?

answer: 87 million

text: 87 million

question: How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?

answer: 23.8%

question: What is the world's largest wildlife refuge?

answer: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

text: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge


text: It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood. Conversely, some softwoods (e.g. yew) are harder than many hardwoods.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: to

text: classify

text: wood

text: as

text: either

text: softwood

text: or

text: hardwood

text: The

text: wood

text: from

text: conifers

text: e.g.

text: pine

text: is

text: called

text: softwood

text: and

text: the

text: wood

text: from

text: dicotyledons

text: usually

text: broad

text: leaved

text: trees

text: e.g.

text: oak

text: is

text: called

text: hardwood

text: These

text: names

text: are

text: a

text: bit

text: misleading

text: as

text: hardwoods

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: hard

text: and

text: softwoods

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: soft

text: The

text: well

text: known

text: balsa

text: a

text: hardwood

text: is

text: actually

text: softer

text: than

text: any

text: commercial

text: softwood

text: Conversely

text: some

text: softwoods

text: e.g.

text: yew

text: are

text: harder

text: than

text: many

text: hardwoods

question: What term do we use for the wood that comes from pine trees?

answer: softwood

text: softwood

question: What kind of wood does an oak tree have?

answer: hardwood

text: hardwood

question: Is balsa a softwood or a hardwood?

answer: hardwood

text: hardwood

question: What's an example of a softwood that isn't "soft," and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods?

answer: yew

text: yew

question: What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves?

answer: dicotyledons

text: dicotyledons


text: Han Chinese farmers were resettled from north China by the Qing to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Wasteland was reclaimed by Han Chinese squatters in addition to other Han who rented land from Manchu landlords. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. Qianlong allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite him issuing edicts in favor of banning them from 1740–1776. Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's rule, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s according to Abbe Huc.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: farmers

text: were

text: resettled

text: from

text: north

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: Qing

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: along

text: the

text: Liao

text: River

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: land

text: to

text: cultivation

text: Wasteland

text: was

text: reclaimed

text: by

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: squatters

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: other

text: Han

text: who

text: rented

text: land

text: from

text: Manchu

text: landlords

text: Despite

text: officially

text: prohibiting

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: settlement

text: on

text: the

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: lands

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Qing

text: decided

text: to

text: settle

text: Han

text: refugees

text: from

text: northern

text: China

text: who

text: were

text: suffering

text: from

text: famine

text: floods

text: and

text: drought

text: into

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: so

text: that

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: farmed

text: hectares

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: hectares

text: in

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: by

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: allowed

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: peasants

text: suffering

text: from

text: drought

text: to

text: move

text: into

text: Manchuria

text: despite

text: him

text: issuing

text: edicts

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: banning

text: them

text: from

text: Chinese

text: tenant

text: farmers

text: rented

text: or

text: even

text: claimed

text: title

text: to

text: land

text: from

text: the

text: imperial

text: estates

text: and

text: Manchu

text: Bannerlands

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: Besides

text: moving

text: into

text: the

text: Liao

text: area

text: in

text: southern

text: Manchuria

text: the

text: path

text: linking

text: Jinzhou

text: Fengtian

text: Tieling

text: Changchun

text: Hulun

text: and

text: Ningguta

text: was

text: settled

text: by

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: during

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: rule

text: and

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: were

text: the

text: majority

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: by

text: To

text: increase

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Treasury

text: 's

text: revenue

text: the

text: Qing

text: sold

text: formerly

text: Manchu

text: only

text: lands

text: along

text: the

text: Sungari

text: to

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Daoguang

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: reign

text: and

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: filled

text: up

text: most

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: 's

text: towns

text: by

text: the

text: according

text: to

text: Abbe

text: Huc

question: Where were starving Han sent by the Qing?

answer: Manchuria and Inner Mongolia

text: Manchuria and Inner Mongolia

question: How much land did the Han farm in Inner Mongolia?

answer: tens of thousands of hectares

text: tens of thousands of hectares

question: What other types of land were the Han allowed to farm?

answer: "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands

text: "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands

question: Who was the emperor in the later half of the 18th century?

answer: Qianlong

text: Qianlong

question: What ethnicity was the majority in urban Manchuria?

answer: Han Chinese

text: Han Chinese


text: England's first permanent settlement in the Americas was founded in 1607 in Jamestown, led by Captain John Smith and managed by the Virginia Company. Bermuda was settled and claimed by England as a result of the 1609 shipwreck there of the Virginia Company's flagship, and in 1615 was turned over to the newly formed Somers Isles Company. The Virginia Company's charter was revoked in 1624 and direct control of Virginia was assumed by the crown, thereby founding the Colony of Virginia. The London and Bristol Company was created in 1610 with the aim of creating a permanent settlement on Newfoundland, but was largely unsuccessful. In 1620, Plymouth was founded as a haven for puritan religious separatists, later known as the Pilgrims. Fleeing from religious persecution would become the motive of many English would-be colonists to risk the arduous trans-Atlantic voyage: Maryland was founded as a haven for Roman Catholics (1634), Rhode Island (1636) as a colony tolerant of all religions and Connecticut (1639) for Congregationalists. The Province of Carolina was founded in 1663. With the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, renaming it New York. This was formalised in negotiations following the Second Anglo-Dutch War, in exchange for Suriname. In 1681, the colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. The American colonies were less financially successful than those of the Caribbean, but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of English emigrants who preferred their temperate climates.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: England

text: 's

text: first

text: permanent

text: settlement

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Jamestown

text: led

text: by

text: Captain

text: John

text: Smith

text: and

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Company

text: Bermuda

text: was

text: settled

text: and

text: claimed

text: by

text: England

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: shipwreck

text: there

text: of

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Company

text: 's

text: flagship

text: and

text: in

text: was

text: turned

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: newly

text: formed

text: Somers

text: Isles

text: Company

text: The

text: Virginia

text: Company

text: 's

text: charter

text: was

text: revoked

text: in

text: and

text: direct

text: control

text: of

text: Virginia

text: was

text: assumed

text: by

text: the

text: crown

text: thereby

text: founding

text: the

text: Colony

text: of

text: Virginia

text: The

text: London

text: and

text: Bristol

text: Company

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: creating

text: a

text: permanent

text: settlement

text: on

text: Newfoundland

text: but

text: was

text: largely

text: unsuccessful

text: In

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: haven

text: for

text: puritan

text: religious

text: separatists

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Pilgrims

text: Fleeing

text: from

text: religious

text: persecution

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: motive

text: of

text: many

text: English

text: would

text: be

text: colonists

text: to

text: risk

text: the

text: arduous

text: trans

text: Atlantic

text: voyage

text: Maryland

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: haven

text: for

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: as

text: a

text: colony

text: tolerant

text: of

text: all

text: religions

text: and

text: Connecticut

text: for

text: Congregationalists

text: The

text: Province

text: of

text: Carolina

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: With

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: Fort

text: Amsterdam

text: in

text: England

text: gained

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: colony

text: of

text: New

text: Netherland

text: renaming

text: it

text: New

text: York

text: This

text: was

text: formalised

text: in

text: negotiations

text: following

text: the

text: Second

text: Anglo

text: Dutch

text: War

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: Suriname

text: In

text: the

text: colony

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: William

text: Penn

text: The

text: American

text: colonies

text: were

text: less

text: financially

text: successful

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: but

text: had

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: good

text: agricultural

text: land

text: and

text: attracted

text: far

text: larger

text: numbers

text: of

text: English

text: emigrants

text: who

text: preferred

text: their

text: temperate

text: climates

question: When was England's first permanent settlement in the Americas founded?

answer: 1607

question: Where was England's first permanent settlement in the Americas?

answer: Jamestown

text: Jamestown

question: Who led England's first permanent settlement in the Americas?

answer: Captain John Smith

text: Captain John Smith

question: When did the Somer Isles Company take over managing Bermuda?

answer: 1615

question: What did England rename New Netherland to?

answer: New York

text: New York


text: Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江寧) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close of the First Opium War, which was ended by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. As the capital of the brief-lived rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (founded by the Taiping rebels in the mid-19th century, Nanjing was known as Tianjing (天京, "Heavenly Capital" or "Capital of Heaven").

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Under

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: area

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Jiangning

text: 江寧

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: for

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: of

text: Liangjiang

text: It

text: had

text: been

text: visited

text: by

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: and

text: Qianlong

text: emperors

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: times

text: on

text: their

text: tours

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: provinces

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: invaded

text: by

text: British

text: troops

text: during

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Opium

text: War

text: which

text: was

text: ended

text: by

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: in

text: As

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: brief

text: lived

text: rebel

text: Taiping

text: Heavenly

text: Kingdom

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Taiping

text: rebels

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Tianjing

text: 天京

text: Heavenly

text: Capital

text: or

text: Capital

text: of

text: Heaven

question: When was the Qing dynasty in power?

answer: 1644–1911

question: What was Nanjing called during the Qing dynasty?

answer: Jiangning

text: Jiangning

question: What emperors visited Nanjing more than once?

answer: the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors

text: the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors

question: What year did the First Opium War end?

answer: 1842