text: The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: managing

text: director

text: of

text: London

text: Weekend

text: Television

text: LWT

text: Greg

text: Dyke

text: met

text: with

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: big

text: five

text: football

text: clubs

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: The

text: meeting

text: was

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: a

text: break

text: away

text: from

text: The

text: Football

text: League

text: Dyke

text: believed

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: lucrative

text: for

text: LWT

text: if

text: only

text: the

text: larger

text: clubs

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: were

text: featured

text: on

text: national

text: television

text: and

text: wanted

text: to

text: establish

text: whether

text: the

text: clubs

text: would

text: be

text: interested

text: in

text: a

text: larger

text: share

text: of

text: television

text: rights

text: money

text: The

text: five

text: clubs

text: decided

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: good

text: idea

text: and

text: decided

text: to

text: press

text: ahead

text: with

text: it

text: however

text: the

text: league

text: would

text: have

text: no

text: credibility

text: without

text: the

text: backing

text: of

text: The

text: Football

text: Association

text: and

text: so

text: David

text: Dein

text: of

text: Arsenal

text: held

text: talks

text: to

text: see

text: whether

text: the

text: FA

text: were

text: receptive

text: to

text: the

text: idea

text: The

text: FA

text: did

text: not

text: enjoy

text: an

text: amicable

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: considered

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: weaken

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: 's

text: position

question: Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990?

answer: The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League.

text: The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League.

question: Why did Dyke only want the larger clubs featured on national television?

answer: Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television

text: Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television

question: Did the five clubs think this was a good idea?

answer: The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it

text: The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it

question: Were talks held with the Football Association to see if they were okay with this plan?

answer: David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea

text: David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea

question: Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director?

answer: Greg Dyke

text: Greg Dyke

question: In which year did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?

answer: 1990

question: In which country did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?

answer: England

text: England

question: Which Arsenal representative held talks with the Football Association about getting their backing for the new league?

answer: David Dein

text: David Dein

question: What did the Football Association want to do through building a relationship with the new league?

answer: weaken the Football League's position

text: weaken the Football League's position


text: Queen composed music that drew inspiration from many different genres of music, often with a tongue-in-cheek attitude. The genres they have been associated with include progressive rock, symphonic rock, art rock, glam rock, hard rock, heavy metal, pop rock, and psychedelic rock. Queen also wrote songs that were inspired by diverse musical styles which are not typically associated with rock groups, such as opera, music hall, folk music, gospel, ragtime, and dance/disco. Several Queen songs were written with audience participation in mind, such as "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions". Similarly, "Radio Ga Ga" became a live favourite because it would have "crowds clapping like they were at a Nuremberg rally".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Queen

text: composed

text: music

text: that

text: drew

text: inspiration

text: from

text: many

text: different

text: genres

text: of

text: music

text: often

text: with

text: a

text: tongue

text: in

text: cheek

text: attitude

text: The

text: genres

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: include

text: progressive

text: rock

text: symphonic

text: rock

text: art

text: rock

text: glam

text: rock

text: hard

text: rock

text: heavy

text: metal

text: pop

text: rock

text: and

text: psychedelic

text: rock

text: Queen

text: also

text: wrote

text: songs

text: that

text: were

text: inspired

text: by

text: diverse

text: musical

text: styles

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: typically

text: associated

text: with

text: rock

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: music

text: hall

text: folk

text: music

text: gospel

text: ragtime

text: and

text: dance

text: disco

text: Several

text: Queen

text: songs

text: were

text: written

text: with

text: audience

text: participation

text: in

text: mind

text: such

text: as

text: We

text: Will

text: Rock

text: You

text: and

text: We

text: Are

text: the

text: Champions

text: Similarly

text: Radio

text: Ga

text: Ga

text: became

text: a

text: live

text: favourite

text: because

text: it

text: would

text: have

text: crowds

text: clapping

text: like

text: they

text: were

text: at

text: a

text: Nuremberg

text: rally

question: Which Queen song inspired audience clapping?

answer: Radio Ga Ga

text: Radio Ga Ga

question: Which two Queen songs were written with audience participation in mind?

answer: "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions"

text: "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions"

question: What kind of metal has Queen been associated with?

answer: heavy metal

text: heavy metal

question: What 70s style of pop music was Queen associated with?

answer: dance/disco

text: dance/disco


text: An ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy by Kautilya and Viṣhṇugupta, who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya (c. 350–-283 BCE). In this treatise, the behaviors and relationships of the people, the King, the State, the Government Superintendents, Courtiers, Enemies, Invaders, and Corporations are analysed and documented. Roger Boesche describes the Arthaśāstra as "a book of political realism, a book analysing how the political world does work and not very often stating how it ought to work, a book that frequently discloses to a king what calculating and sometimes brutal measures he must carry out to preserve the state and the common good."

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: An

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: treatise

text: on

text: statecraft

text: economic

text: policy

text: and

text: military

text: strategy

text: by

text: Kautilya

text: and

text: Viṣhṇugupta

text: who

text: are

text: traditionally

text: identified

text: with

text: Chāṇakya

text: c.

text: BCE

text: In

text: this

text: treatise

text: the

text: behaviors

text: and

text: relationships

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: the

text: King

text: the

text: State

text: the

text: Government

text: Superintendents

text: Courtiers

text: Enemies

text: Invaders

text: and

text: Corporations

text: are

text: analysed

text: and

text: documented

text: Roger

text: Boesche

text: describes

text: the

text: Arthaśāstra

text: as

text: a

text: book

text: of

text: political

text: realism

text: a

text: book

text: analysing

text: how

text: the

text: political

text: world

text: does

text: work

text: and

text: not

text: very

text: often

text: stating

text: how

text: it

text: ought

text: to

text: work

text: a

text: book

text: that

text: frequently

text: discloses

text: to

text: a

text: king

text: what

text: calculating

text: and

text: sometimes

text: brutal

text: measures

text: he

text: must

text: carry

text: out

text: to

text: preserve

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: good

question: Who are Kautilya and Vishnugupta usually grouped with?

answer: Chāṇakya

text: Chāṇakya

question: What did the Arthasastra say a king must use?

answer: brutal measures

text: brutal measures

question: When was Chanakya alive?

answer: 350–-283 BCE

text: 350–-283 BCE


text: John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: John

text: Knox

text: a

text: Scot

text: who

text: had

text: spent

text: time

text: studying

text: under

text: Calvin

text: in

text: Geneva

text: returned

text: to

text: Scotland

text: and

text: urged

text: his

text: countrymen

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: Church

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: Calvinist

text: doctrines

text: After

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: religious

text: convulsion

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: culminating

text: in

text: a

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: Protestant

text: party

text: at

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Leith

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: Reformation

text: by

text: the

text: legislation

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Reformation

text: Parliament

text: in

text: The

text: Church

text: was

text: eventually

text: organised

text: by

text: Andrew

text: Melville

text: along

text: Presbyterian

text: lines

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: national

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: King

text: James

text: VI

text: and

text: I

text: moved

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: towards

text: an

text: episcopal

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: in

text: James

text: successor

text: Charles

text: I

text: and

text: William

text: Laud

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: attempted

text: to

text: force

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Common

text: Prayer

text: What

text: resulted

text: was

text: an

text: armed

text: insurrection

text: with

text: many

text: Scots

text: signing

text: the

text: Solemn

text: League

text: and

text: Covenant

text: The

text: Covenanters

text: would

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Scotland

text: for

text: nearly

text: a

text: decade

text: and

text: would

text: also

text: send

text: military

text: support

text: to

text: the

text: Parliamentarians

text: during

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Following

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Charles

text: II

text: despite

text: the

text: initial

text: support

text: that

text: he

text: received

text: from

text: the

text: Covenanters

text: reinstated

text: an

text: episcopal

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: on

text: the

text: church

question: What year did John Knox past away?

answer: 1572

question: What did John Knox do when he returned to Scotland after studying under Calvin?

answer: to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines

text: to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines

question: The church of Scotland was organized by this person, whats his name?

answer: Andrew Melville

text: Andrew Melville

question: In what year was the Government of church reinstated?

answer: 1660


text: Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: Presbyterian

text: denominations

text: that

text: trace

text: their

text: heritage

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: usually

text: organise

text: their

text: church

text: services

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: principles

text: in

text: the

text: Directory

text: of

text: Public

text: Worship

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Westminster

text: Assembly

text: in

text: the

text: This

text: directory

text: documented

text: Reformed

text: worship

text: practices

text: and

text: theology

text: adopted

text: and

text: developed

text: over

text: the

text: preceding

text: century

text: by

text: British

text: Puritans

text: initially

text: guided

text: by

text: John

text: Calvin

text: and

text: John

text: Knox

text: It

text: was

text: enacted

text: as

text: law

text: by

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: and

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: foundational

text: documents

text: of

text: Presbyterian

text: church

text: legislation

text: elsewhere

question: The Presbyterian denominations from the British Isles were inspired by these principles in what document?

answer: Directory of Public Worship

text: Directory of Public Worship

question: When was the Directory of Public Worship developed?

answer: 1640s

question: Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law?

answer: Scottish Parliament

text: Scottish Parliament


text: Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics, Shahinyan was quoted as saying:

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Prior

text: to

text: Armenians

text: would

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: Olympics

text: representing

text: the

text: USSR

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Armenia

text: was

text: very

text: successful

text: winning

text: plenty

text: of

text: medals

text: and

text: helping

text: the

text: USSR

text: win

text: the

text: medal

text: standings

text: at

text: the

text: Olympics

text: on

text: numerous

text: occasions

text: The

text: first

text: medal

text: won

text: by

text: an

text: Armenian

text: in

text: modern

text: Olympic

text: history

text: was

text: by

text: Hrant

text: Shahinyan

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: as

text: Grant

text: Shaginyan

text: who

text: won

text: two

text: golds

text: and

text: two

text: silvers

text: in

text: gymnastics

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Helsinki

text: To

text: highlight

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: success

text: of

text: Armenians

text: in

text: the

text: Olympics

text: Shahinyan

text: was

text: quoted

text: as

text: saying

question: What Olympic Sport did Hrant Shahinyan compete in?

answer: gymnastics

text: gymnastics

question: What medals did Hrant Shahinyan win at the 1952 Summer Olympics?

answer: two golds and two silvers

text: two golds and two silvers

question: Where were the 1952 Summer Olympics held?

answer: Helsinki

text: Helsinki

question: What year did Armenia begin competiting in the Olympics seperate from the USSR?

answer: 1992


text: The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: The

text: Nippon

text: Hōsō

text: Kyōkai

text: NHK

text: the

text: Japan

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: began

text: conducting

text: research

text: to

text: unlock

text: the

text: fundamental

text: mechanism

text: of

text: video

text: and

text: sound

text: interactions

text: with

text: the

text: five

text: human

text: senses

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: Olympics

text: NHK

text: set

text: out

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: HDTV

text: system

text: that

text: ended

text: up

text: scoring

text: much

text: higher

text: in

text: subjective

text: tests

text: than

text: NTSC

text: 's

text: previously

text: dubbed

text: HDTV

text: This

text: new

text: system

text: NHK

text: Color

text: created

text: in

text: included

text: lines

text: a

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: and

text: Hz

text: refresh

text: rate

text: The

text: Society

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: and

text: Television

text: Engineers

text: SMPTE

text: headed

text: by

text: Charles

text: Ginsburg

text: became

text: the

text: testing

text: and

text: study

text: authority

text: for

text: HDTV

text: technology

text: in

text: the

text: international

text: theater

text: SMPTE

text: would

text: test

text: HDTV

text: systems

text: from

text: different

text: companies

text: from

text: every

text: conceivable

text: perspective

text: but

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: combining

text: the

text: different

text: formats

text: plagued

text: the

text: technology

text: for

text: many

text: years

question: What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called?

answer: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai

text: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai

question: What does NHK stand for in Japan?

answer: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai

text: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai

question: What year was NHK Color created?

answer: 1972

question: What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color?

answer: 5:3

question: What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology?

answer: The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)

text: The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)


text: The first centrally organised police force was created by the government of King Louis XIV in 1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city in Europe. The royal edict, registered by the Parlement of Paris on March 15, 1667 created the office of lieutenant général de police ("lieutenant general of police"), who was to be the head of the new Paris police force, and defined the task of the police as "ensuring the peace and quiet of the public and of private individuals, purging the city of what may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and everyone live according to their station and their duties".

title: Police

title: Police

text: The

text: first

text: centrally

text: organised

text: police

text: force

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: King

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: in

text: to

text: police

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Paris

text: then

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: royal

text: edict

text: registered

text: by

text: the

text: Parlement

text: of

text: Paris

text: on

text: March

text: created

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: lieutenant

text: général

text: de

text: police

text: lieutenant

text: general

text: of

text: police

text: who

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Paris

text: police

text: force

text: and

text: defined

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: police

text: as

text: ensuring

text: the

text: peace

text: and

text: quiet

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: of

text: private

text: individuals

text: purging

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: what

text: may

text: cause

text: disturbances

text: procuring

text: abundance

text: and

text: having

text: each

text: and

text: everyone

text: live

text: according

text: to

text: their

text: station

text: and

text: their

text: duties

question: In what year did Paris get a police force?

answer: 1667

question: Who created Paris's police force?

answer: King Louis XIV

text: King Louis XIV

question: What was the largest European city in 1667?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: What was the title of the head of Paris's police, in English?

answer: lieutenant general of police

text: lieutenant general of police

question: What was the title of the head of Paris's police, in French?

answer: lieutenant général de police

text: lieutenant général de police


text: In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: ongoing

text: conflicts

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: included

text: the

text: Kachin

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: Pro

text: Christian

text: Kachin

text: Independence

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: between

text: the

text: Rohingya

text: Muslims

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: non

text: government

text: groups

text: in

text: Rakhine

text: State

text: and

text: a

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: Shan

text: Lahu

text: and

text: Karen

text: minority

text: groups

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: addition

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: signalled

text: an

text: intention

text: to

text: become

text: involved

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: In

text: a

text: video

text: released

text: September

text: mainly

text: addressed

text: to

text: India

text: the

text: militant

text: group

text: 's

text: leader

text: Ayman

text: al

text: Zawahiri

text: said

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: had

text: not

text: forgotten

text: the

text: Muslims

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: group

text: was

text: doing

text: what

text: they

text: can

text: to

text: rescue

text: you

text: In

text: response

text: the

text: military

text: raised

text: its

text: level

text: of

text: alertness

text: while

text: the

text: Burmese

text: Muslim

text: Association

text: issued

text: a

text: statement

text: saying

text: Muslims

text: would

text: not

text: tolerate

text: any

text: threat

text: to

text: their

text: motherland

question: In 2012 what was the the disturbance with the government running smoothly ? Burma?

answer: the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar

text: the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar

question: Were any religious groups involved in the scrimmages ?

answer: Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army a

text: Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army a

question: Were any terrorist groups involved in the Burmese conflicts ?

answer: al-Qaeda

text: al-Qaeda

question: Does al-Qaeda believe that Muslims in Burma are in danger?

answer: Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you".

text: Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you".

question: Did Muslims in Burma give a repose to statements made by al-Qaeda?

answer: the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.

text: the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.


text: The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015[update]. It became operational in China in December 2011, with 10 satellites in use, and began offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. It is planned to begin serving global customers upon its completion in 2020.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: The

text: second

text: generation

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: BeiDou

text: Navigation

text: Satellite

text: System

text: BDS

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: COMPASS

text: or

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: global

text: satellite

text: navigation

text: system

text: consisting

text: of

text: satellites

text: and

text: is

text: under

text: construction

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: became

text: operational

text: in

text: China

text: in

text: December

text: with

text: satellites

text: in

text: use

text: and

text: began

text: offering

text: services

text: to

text: customers

text: in

text: the

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: region

text: in

text: December

text: It

text: is

text: planned

text: to

text: begin

text: serving

text: global

text: customers

text: upon

text: its

text: completion

text: in

question: What is the name of the second generation of BDS?

answer: BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

text: BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

question: What is another name for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?

answer: COMPASS or BeiDou-2

text: COMPASS or BeiDou-2

question: How many satellites will the BeiDou-2 have?

answer: 35

question: When did the BeiDou-2 begin construction?

answer: January 2015

text: January 2015

question: When did the BeiDou-2 begin operating?

answer: December 2011

text: December 2011


text: In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance. Rawls also offered a criticism of utilitarian approaches to questions of political justice. Robert Nozick's 1974 book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, which won a National Book Award, responded to Rawls from a libertarian perspective and gained academic respectability for libertarian viewpoints.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: In

text: Anglo

text: American

text: academic

text: political

text: philosophy

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: John

text: Rawls

text: 's

text: A

text: Theory

text: of

text: Justice

text: in

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: milestone

text: Rawls

text: used

text: a

text: thought

text: experiment

text: the

text: original

text: position

text: in

text: which

text: representative

text: parties

text: choose

text: principles

text: of

text: justice

text: for

text: the

text: basic

text: structure

text: of

text: society

text: from

text: behind

text: a

text: veil

text: of

text: ignorance

text: Rawls

text: also

text: offered

text: a

text: criticism

text: of

text: utilitarian

text: approaches

text: to

text: questions

text: of

text: political

text: justice

text: Robert

text: Nozick

text: 's

text: book

text: Anarchy

text: State

text: and

text: Utopia

text: which

text: won

text: a

text: National

text: Book

text: Award

text: responded

text: to

text: Rawls

text: from

text: a

text: libertarian

text: perspective

text: and

text: gained

text: academic

text: respectability

text: for

text: libertarian

text: viewpoints

question: What did John Rawsl publish?

answer: A Theory of Justice

text: A Theory of Justice

question: Who Published A Theory of Justice?

answer: John Rawls

text: John Rawls

question: When was A Theory of Justice published?

answer: 1971

question: Who wrote Anarchy, State, and Utopia?

answer: Robert Nozick

text: Robert Nozick


text: At times when a death sentence is affirmed on direct review, it is considered final. Yet, supplemental methods to attack the judgment, though less familiar than a typical appeal, do remain. These supplemental remedies are considered collateral review, that is, an avenue for upsetting judgments that have become otherwise final. Where the prisoner received his death sentence in a state-level trial, as is usually the case, the first step in collateral review is state collateral review. (If the case is a federal death penalty case, it proceeds immediately from direct review to federal habeas corpus.) Although all states have some type of collateral review, the process varies widely from state to state. Generally, the purpose of these collateral proceedings is to permit the prisoner to challenge his sentence on grounds that could not have been raised reasonably at trial or on direct review. Most often these are claims, such as ineffective assistance of counsel, which requires the court to consider new evidence outside the original trial record, something courts may not do in an ordinary appeal. State collateral review, though an important step in that it helps define the scope of subsequent review through federal habeas corpus, is rarely successful in and of itself. Only around 6 percent of death sentences are overturned on state collateral review. In 2010, the death sentences of 53 inmates were overturned as a result of legal appeals or high court reversals.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: At

text: times

text: when

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: is

text: affirmed

text: on

text: direct

text: review

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: final

text: Yet

text: supplemental

text: methods

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: judgment

text: though

text: less

text: familiar

text: than

text: a

text: typical

text: appeal

text: do

text: remain

text: These

text: supplemental

text: remedies

text: are

text: considered

text: collateral

text: review

text: that

text: is

text: an

text: avenue

text: for

text: upsetting

text: judgments

text: that

text: have

text: become

text: otherwise

text: final

text: Where

text: the

text: prisoner

text: received

text: his

text: death

text: sentence

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: level

text: trial

text: as

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: case

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: in

text: collateral

text: review

text: is

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: If

text: the

text: case

text: is

text: a

text: federal

text: death

text: penalty

text: case

text: it

text: proceeds

text: immediately

text: from

text: direct

text: review

text: to

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: Although

text: all

text: states

text: have

text: some

text: type

text: of

text: collateral

text: review

text: the

text: process

text: varies

text: widely

text: from

text: state

text: to

text: state

text: Generally

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: these

text: collateral

text: proceedings

text: is

text: to

text: permit

text: the

text: prisoner

text: to

text: challenge

text: his

text: sentence

text: on

text: grounds

text: that

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: raised

text: reasonably

text: at

text: trial

text: or

text: on

text: direct

text: review

text: Most

text: often

text: these

text: are

text: claims

text: such

text: as

text: ineffective

text: assistance

text: of

text: counsel

text: which

text: requires

text: the

text: court

text: to

text: consider

text: new

text: evidence

text: outside

text: the

text: original

text: trial

text: record

text: something

text: courts

text: may

text: not

text: do

text: in

text: an

text: ordinary

text: appeal

text: State

text: collateral

text: review

text: though

text: an

text: important

text: step

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: helps

text: define

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: subsequent

text: review

text: through

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: is

text: rarely

text: successful

text: in

text: and

text: of

text: itself

text: Only

text: around

text: percent

text: of

text: death

text: sentences

text: are

text: overturned

text: on

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: In

text: the

text: death

text: sentences

text: of

text: inmates

text: were

text: overturned

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: legal

text: appeals

text: or

text: high

text: court

text: reversals

question: When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the first step of collateral review?

answer: state collateral review

text: state collateral review

question: About what percentage of capital convictions are overturned due to state collateral review?

answer: 6

question: In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

answer: 53

question: What is an example of an issue that is raised in collateral review?

answer: ineffective assistance of counsel

text: ineffective assistance of counsel


text: Royal assent is not sufficient to give legal effect to an Act of Tynwald. By ancient custom, an act did not come into force until it had been promulgated at an open-air sitting of Tynwald, usually held on Tynwald Hill at St John's on St John's Day (24 June), but, since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1753, on 5 July (or on the following Monday if 5 July is a Saturday or Sunday). Promulgation originally consisted of the reading of the Act in English and Manx; but, after 1865 the reading of the title of the act and a summary of each section were sufficient. This was reduced in 1895 to the titles and a memorandum of the object and purport of the act, and, since 1988, only the short title and a summary of the long title have been read.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Royal

text: assent

text: is

text: not

text: sufficient

text: to

text: give

text: legal

text: effect

text: to

text: an

text: Act

text: of

text: Tynwald

text: By

text: ancient

text: custom

text: an

text: act

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: into

text: force

text: until

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: promulgated

text: at

text: an

text: open

text: air

text: sitting

text: of

text: Tynwald

text: usually

text: held

text: on

text: Tynwald

text: Hill

text: at

text: St

text: John

text: 's

text: on

text: St

text: John

text: 's

text: Day

text: June

text: but

text: since

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: in

text: on

text: July

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: following

text: Monday

text: if

text: July

text: is

text: a

text: Saturday

text: or

text: Sunday

text: Promulgation

text: originally

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: reading

text: of

text: the

text: Act

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: Manx

text: but

text: after

text: the

text: reading

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: act

text: and

text: a

text: summary

text: of

text: each

text: section

text: were

text: sufficient

text: This

text: was

text: reduced

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: titles

text: and

text: a

text: memorandum

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: and

text: purport

text: of

text: the

text: act

text: and

text: since

text: only

text: the

text: short

text: title

text: and

text: a

text: summary

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: title

text: have

text: been

text: read

question: Under ancient custom, an Act of Tynwald didn't go into effect until decreed at which location?

answer: Tynwald Hill at St John's

text: Tynwald Hill at St John's

question: Promulgation of an Act of Tynwald originally consisted of reading it in English and which other language?

answer: Manx

text: Manx

question: Nowadays, only the short title and what else are read?

answer: summary of the long title

text: summary of the long title

question: How much of the proposed act must be currently read aloud on St John's Day?

answer: only the short title and a summary of the long title

text: only the short title and a summary of the long title

question: On what day does St John's Day occur?

answer: (24 June)

text: (24 June)

question: Where is the open-air sitting of Tynwald usually held?

answer: Tynwald Hill at St John's

text: Tynwald Hill at St John's


text: Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch. The division in these development phases is mostly conventional, since the transition between them was very gradual. One of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself. The development of the Dutch language is illustrated by the following sentence in Old, Middle and Modern Dutch:

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Three

text: Germanic

text: dialects

text: were

text: originally

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: Frisian

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: Saxon

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: contiguous

text: with

text: the

text: Low

text: German

text: area

text: and

text: Franconian

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: Franconian

text: dialects

text: that

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: and

text: that

text: would

text: develop

text: in

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: and

text: later

text: Modern

text: Dutch

text: The

text: division

text: in

text: these

text: development

text: phases

text: is

text: mostly

text: conventional

text: since

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: them

text: was

text: very

text: gradual

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: moments

text: linguists

text: can

text: detect

text: somewhat

text: of

text: a

text: revolution

text: is

text: when

text: the

text: Dutch

text: standard

text: language

text: emerged

text: and

text: quickly

text: established

text: itself

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: language

text: is

text: illustrated

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: sentence

text: in

text: Old

text: Middle

text: and

text: Modern

text: Dutch

question: How many different versions of a Germanic language were spoken in the Low Countries?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the eastern region?

answer: Saxon

text: Saxon

question: Which dialects are referred to as "Old Dutch"?

answer: Franconian

text: Franconian

question: Was the transition from Old Dutch to Modern Dutch gradual, or did it happen quickly?

answer: gradual

text: gradual

question: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the north and west of the Low Countries?

answer: Frisian

text: Frisian


text: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: The

text: work

text: of

text: David

text: Hilbert

text: and

text: Max

text: Planck

text: was

text: crucial

text: to

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: modern

text: physics

text: which

text: Werner

text: Heisenberg

text: and

text: Erwin

text: Schrödinger

text: developed

text: further

text: They

text: were

text: preceded

text: by

text: such

text: key

text: physicists

text: as

text: Hermann

text: von

text: Helmholtz

text: Joseph

text: von

text: Fraunhofer

text: and

text: Gabriel

text: Daniel

text: Fahrenheit

text: among

text: others

text: Wilhelm

text: Conrad

text: Röntgen

text: discovered

text: X

text: rays

text: an

text: accomplishment

text: that

text: made

text: him

text: the

text: first

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Physics

text: in

text: The

text: Walhalla

text: temple

text: for

text: laudable

text: and

text: distinguished

text: Germans

text: features

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: scientists

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: east

text: of

text: Regensburg

text: in

text: Bavaria

question: Who discovered X-Rays?

answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?

answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?

answer: 1901

question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?

answer: Bavaria

text: Bavaria

question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?

answer: David Hilbert and Max Planck

text: David Hilbert and Max Planck


text: A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

title: USB

title: USB

text: A

text: January

text: press

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: USB

text: group

text: revealed

text: plans

text: to

text: update

text: USB

text: to

text: Gbit

text: s

text: The

text: group

text: ended

text: up

text: creating

text: a

text: new

text: USB

text: version

text: USB

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: July

text: introducing

text: a

text: faster

text: transfer

text: mode

text: called

text: SuperSpeed

text: USB

text: Gbit

text: s

text: putting

text: it

text: on

text: par

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: first

text: generation

text: Thunderbolt

text: channel

text: The

text: new

text: mode

text: 's

text: logo

text: features

text: a

text: Superspeed+

text: caption

text: stylized

text: as

text: SUPERSPEED+

text: The

text: USB

text: standard

text: increases

text: the

text: data

text: signaling

text: rate

text: to

text: Gbit

text: s

text: in

text: the

text: USB

text: mode

text: double

text: that

text: of

text: USB

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: USB

text: and

text: reduces

text: line

text: encoding

text: overhead

text: to

text: just

text: by

text: changing

text: the

text: encoding

text: scheme

text: to

text: The

text: first

text: USB

text: implementation

text: demonstrated

text: transfer

text: speeds

text: of

text: Gbit

text: s

question: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?

answer: January 2013

text: January 2013

question: What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated?

answer: The group ended up creating a new USB version

text: The group ended up creating a new USB version

question: When was USB 3.1 released?

answer: 31 July 2013

text: 31 July 2013

question: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?

answer: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode

text: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode


text: A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: A

text: similar

text: fate

text: befell

text: the

text: Curonians

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: the

text: Curonian

text: Lagoon

text: While

text: many

text: fled

text: from

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: East

text: Prussia

text: Curonians

text: that

text: remained

text: behind

text: were

text: subsequently

text: expelled

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Only

text: lived

text: along

text: the

text: Curonian

text: Spit

text: in

text: Many

text: had

text: German

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: Fritz

text: or

text: Hans

text: a

text: cause

text: for

text: anti

text: German

text: discrimination

text: The

text: Soviet

text: authorities

text: considered

text: the

text: Curonians

text: fascists

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: discrimination

text: many

text: immigrated

text: to

text: West

text: Germany

text: in

text: where

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Curonians

text: now

text: live

question: What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?

answer: expelled by the Soviet Union

text: expelled by the Soviet Union

question: What did the Russians consider Curonians?

answer: fascists

text: fascists

question: Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?

answer: West Germany

text: West Germany


text: The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: The

text: book

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: adapted

text: as

text: a

text: play

text: by

text: Christopher

text: Sergel

text: It

text: debuted

text: in

text: in

text: Monroeville

text: a

text: town

text: that

text: labels

text: itself

text: The

text: Literary

text: Capital

text: of

text: Alabama

text: The

text: play

text: runs

text: every

text: May

text: on

text: the

text: county

text: courthouse

text: grounds

text: and

text: townspeople

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: cast

text: White

text: male

text: audience

text: members

text: are

text: chosen

text: at

text: the

text: intermission

text: to

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: jury

text: During

text: the

text: courtroom

text: scene

text: the

text: production

text: moves

text: into

text: the

text: Monroe

text: County

text: Courthouse

text: and

text: the

text: audience

text: is

text: racially

text: segregated

text: Author

text: Albert

text: Murray

text: said

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: to

text: the

text: novel

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: performance

text: It

text: becomes

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: ritual

text: like

text: the

text: religious

text: underpinning

text: of

text: Mardi

text: Gras

text: With

text: the

text: whole

text: town

text: crowded

text: around

text: the

text: actual

text: courthouse

text: it

text: 's

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: central

text: civic

text: education

text: what

text: Monroeville

text: aspires

text: to

text: be

question: Who turned the novel into a play?

answer: Christopher Sergel

text: Christopher Sergel

question: When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?

answer: 1990

question: What town labeled itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama"?

answer: Monroeville

text: Monroeville

question: Who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in Monroeville?

answer: townspeople

text: townspeople

question: During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience?

answer: racially segregated

text: racially segregated


text: A union planned to protest at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: A

text: union

text: planned

text: to

text: protest

text: at

text: the

text: relay

text: for

text: better

text: living

text: conditions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: legislator

text: Michael

text: Mak

text: Kwok

text: fung

text: and

text: activist

text: Chan

text: Cheong

text: both

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Social

text: Democrats

text: were

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: enter

text: Macau

question: Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?

answer: Hong Kong legislator

text: Hong Kong legislator


text: Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Adaptation

text: of

text: the

text: endosymbiont

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: 's

text: lifestyle

text: leads

text: to

text: many

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: endosymbiont

text: the

text: foremost

text: being

text: drastic

text: reduction

text: in

text: its

text: genome

text: size

text: This

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: many

text: genes

text: being

text: lost

text: during

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: metabolism

text: and

text: DNA

text: repair

text: and

text: recombination

text: While

text: important

text: genes

text: participating

text: in

text: the

text: DNA

text: to

text: RNA

text: transcription

text: protein

text: translation

text: and

text: DNA

text: RNA

text: replication

text: are

text: retained

text: That

text: is

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: genome

text: size

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: loss

text: of

text: protein

text: coding

text: genes

text: and

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: lessening

text: of

text: inter

text: genic

text: regions

text: or

text: open

text: reading

text: frame

text: ORF

text: size

text: Thus

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: naturally

text: evolving

text: and

text: contain

text: reduced

text: sizes

text: of

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: accounted

text: for

text: an

text: increased

text: number

text: of

text: noticeable

text: differences

text: between

text: them

text: thereby

text: leading

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: their

text: evolutionary

text: rates

text: As

text: the

text: endosymbiotic

text: bacteria

text: related

text: with

text: these

text: insects

text: are

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: offspring

text: strictly

text: via

text: vertical

text: genetic

text: transmission

text: intracellular

text: bacteria

text: goes

text: through

text: many

text: hurdles

text: during

text: the

text: process

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: decrease

text: in

text: effective

text: population

text: sizes

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: free

text: living

text: bacteria

text: This

text: incapability

text: of

text: the

text: endosymbiotic

text: bacteria

text: to

text: reinstate

text: its

text: wild

text: type

text: phenotype

text: via

text: a

text: recombination

text: process

text: is

text: called

text: as

text: Muller

text: 's

text: ratchet

text: phenomenon

text: Muller

text: 's

text: ratchet

text: phenomenon

text: together

text: with

text: less

text: effective

text: population

text: sizes

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: accretion

text: of

text: deleterious

text: mutations

text: in

text: the

text: non

text: essential

text: genes

text: of

text: the

text: intracellular

text: bacteria

text: This

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: selection

text: mechanisms

text: prevailing

text: in

text: the

text: rich

text: environment

text: of

text: the

text: host

question: What is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host?

answer: drastic reduction in its genome size

text: drastic reduction in its genome size

question: What is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont can't go back to its original phenotype?

answer: Muller's ratchet phenomenon

text: Muller's ratchet phenomenon

question: What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations?

answer: lack of selection mechanisms

text: lack of selection mechanisms


text: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: evidence

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: texts

text: suggests

text: that

text: Siddhārtha

text: Gautama

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: a

text: community

text: that

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: periphery

text: both

text: geographically

text: and

text: culturally

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: in

text: the

text: fifth

text: century

text: BCE

text: It

text: was

text: either

text: a

text: small

text: republic

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: his

text: father

text: was

text: an

text: elected

text: chieftain

text: or

text: an

text: oligarchy

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: his

text: father

text: was

text: an

text: oligarch

question: According to early texts, when was Siddhārtha Gautama born?

answer: fifth century BCE

text: fifth century BCE

question: According to early texts, where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?

answer: in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent

text: in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent

question: What type of community was Siddhārtha Gautama raised in?

answer: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.

text: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.

question: Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?

answer: the northeastern Indian subcontinent

text: the northeastern Indian subcontinent

question: When did Siddhārtha Gautama live?

answer: fifth century BCE

text: fifth century BCE

question: What size was Siddhārtha Gautama's birthplace?

answer: a small republic

text: a small republic

question: Where did we find proof of his existence?

answer: early texts

text: early texts

question: What was most likely Siddhārtha Gautama's father?

answer: an oligarchy

text: an oligarchy

question: Who was born in a northeastern part of India/

answer: Siddhārtha Gautama

text: Siddhārtha Gautama

question: If Siddhartha lived in a small republic, his father would have been a what?

answer: elected chieftain

text: elected chieftain


text: The Guam Department of Education serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores. Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6,000 miles (9,700 km) from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education. An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: Guam

text: Department

text: of

text: Education

text: serves

text: the

text: entire

text: island

text: of

text: Guam

text: In

text: students

text: attended

text: Guam

text: 's

text: public

text: schools

text: Guam

text: Public

text: Schools

text: have

text: struggled

text: with

text: problems

text: such

text: as

text: high

text: dropout

text: rates

text: and

text: poor

text: test

text: scores

text: Guam

text: 's

text: educational

text: system

text: has

text: always

text: faced

text: unique

text: challenges

text: as

text: a

text: small

text: community

text: located

text: miles

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: mainland

text: with

text: a

text: very

text: diverse

text: student

text: body

text: including

text: many

text: students

text: who

text: come

text: from

text: backgrounds

text: without

text: traditional

text: American

text: education

text: An

text: economic

text: downturn

text: in

text: Guam

text: since

text: the

text: has

text: compounded

text: the

text: problems

text: in

text: schools

question: How many students as of 2000 were attending public schools in Guam?

answer: 32,000

question: What has plagued Guam public schools?

answer: high dropout rates and poor test scores

text: high dropout rates and poor test scores

question: What is the name of the governing body of the school in all of Guam?

answer: The Guam Department of Education

text: The Guam Department of Education


text: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dropped

text: an

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: city

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: nuclear

text: attack

text: in

text: history

text: In

text: a

text: press

text: release

text: issued

text: after

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombing

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: Truman

text: warned

text: Japan

text: to

text: surrender

text: or

text: expect

text: a

text: rain

text: of

text: ruin

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: the

text: like

text: of

text: which

text: has

text: never

text: been

text: seen

text: on

text: this

text: earth

text: Three

text: days

text: later

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dropped

text: another

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: Nagasaki

text: the

text: last

text: nuclear

text: attack

text: in

text: history

text: More

text: than

text: people

text: died

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: result

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: bombings

text: The

text: necessity

text: of

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: debated

text: with

text: detractors

text: claiming

text: that

text: a

text: naval

text: blockade

text: and

text: aerial

text: bombing

text: campaign

text: had

text: already

text: made

text: invasion

text: hence

text: the

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: unnecessary

text: However

text: other

text: scholars

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: bombings

text: shocked

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: into

text: surrender

text: with

text: Emperor

text: finally

text: indicating

text: his

text: wish

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: war

text: Another

text: argument

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombs

text: is

text: that

text: they

text: helped

text: avoid

text: Operation

text: Downfall

text: or

text: a

text: prolonged

text: blockade

text: and

text: bombing

text: campaign

text: any

text: of

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: exacted

text: much

text: higher

text: casualties

text: among

text: Japanese

text: civilians

text: Historian

text: Richard

text: B.

text: Frank

text: wrote

text: that

text: a

text: Soviet

text: invasion

text: of

text: Japan

text: was

text: never

text: likely

text: because

text: they

text: had

text: insufficient

text: naval

text: capability

text: to

text: mount

text: an

text: amphibious

text: invasion

text: of

text: Hokkaidō

question: America dropped what on August 6, 1945?

answer: atomic bomb

text: atomic bomb

question: What was the forst Japenese city nuked by the United States?

answer: Hiroshima

text: Hiroshima

question: What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender?

answer: Operation Downfall

text: Operation Downfall

question: When did American drop a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki?

answer: 9 August

text: 9 August

question: Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely?

answer: Richard B. Frank

text: Richard B. Frank


text: The development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971. These recorded four separate sound signals. This was achieved on the two stereo channels by electronic matrixing, where the additional channels were combined into the main signal. When the records were played, phase-detection circuits in the amplifiers were able to decode the signals into four separate channels. There were two main systems of matrixed quadraphonic records produced, confusingly named SQ (by CBS) and QS (by Sansui). They proved commercially unsuccessful, but were an important precursor to later surround-sound systems, as seen in SACD and home cinema today.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: quadraphonic

text: records

text: was

text: announced

text: in

text: These

text: recorded

text: four

text: separate

text: sound

text: signals

text: This

text: was

text: achieved

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: stereo

text: channels

text: by

text: electronic

text: matrixing

text: where

text: the

text: additional

text: channels

text: were

text: combined

text: into

text: the

text: main

text: signal

text: When

text: the

text: records

text: were

text: played

text: phase

text: detection

text: circuits

text: in

text: the

text: amplifiers

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: decode

text: the

text: signals

text: into

text: four

text: separate

text: channels

text: There

text: were

text: two

text: main

text: systems

text: of

text: matrixed

text: quadraphonic

text: records

text: produced

text: confusingly

text: named

text: SQ

text: by

text: CBS

text: and

text: QS

text: by

text: Sansui

text: They

text: proved

text: commercially

text: unsuccessful

text: but

text: were

text: an

text: important

text: precursor

text: to

text: later

text: surround

text: sound

text: systems

text: as

text: seen

text: in

text: SACD

text: and

text: home

text: cinema

text: today

question: What did quadraphonic recording feature?

answer: recorded four separate sound signals.

text: recorded four separate sound signals.

question: What was the newest break through in home sound systems in 1971?

answer: development of quadraphonic records

text: development of quadraphonic records

question: How would the commercial success of quadraphonic records be defined?

answer: commercially unsuccessful

text: commercially unsuccessful

question: What did developments in quadraphonic recordings inspire?

answer: later surround-sound systems

text: later surround-sound systems


text: On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters." On July 31, 2012, at around 11:59 p.m. in each time zone, the remaining 620 analogue transmitters were shut down, leaving the network with 27 digital television transmitters across the country, and some transmitters operated by some affiliated stations.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: CRTC

text: approved

text: the

text: shut

text: down

text: of

text: CBC

text: 's

text: analogue

text: transmitters

text: noting

text: that

text: while

text: the

text: Commission

text: has

text: the

text: discretion

text: to

text: refuse

text: to

text: revoke

text: broadcasting

text: licences

text: even

text: on

text: application

text: from

text: a

text: licensee

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: direct

text: the

text: CBC

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: broadcaster

text: to

text: continue

text: to

text: operate

text: its

text: stations

text: and

text: transmitters

text: On

text: July

text: at

text: around

text: p.m.

text: in

text: each

text: time

text: zone

text: the

text: remaining

text: analogue

text: transmitters

text: were

text: shut

text: down

text: leaving

text: the

text: network

text: with

text: digital

text: television

text: transmitters

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: some

text: transmitters

text: operated

text: by

text: some

text: affiliated

text: stations

question: On what date did the CTRC approve the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters?

answer: July 17, 2012

text: July 17, 2012

question: On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down?

answer: July 31, 2012

text: July 31, 2012

question: How many analogue transmitters were shut down on July 31, 2012?

answer: 620


text: Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Chivalry

text: and

text: the

text: ethos

text: of

text: courtly

text: love

text: developed

text: in

text: royal

text: and

text: noble

text: courts

text: This

text: culture

text: was

text: expressed

text: in

text: the

text: vernacular

text: languages

text: rather

text: than

text: Latin

text: and

text: comprised

text: poems

text: stories

text: legends

text: and

text: popular

text: songs

text: spread

text: by

text: troubadours

text: or

text: wandering

text: minstrels

text: Often

text: the

text: stories

text: were

text: written

text: down

text: in

text: the

text: chansons

text: de

text: geste

text: or

text: songs

text: of

text: great

text: deeds

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Song

text: of

text: Roland

text: or

text: The

text: Song

text: of

text: Hildebrand

text: Secular

text: and

text: religious

text: histories

text: were

text: also

text: produced

text: Geoffrey

text: of

text: Monmouth

text: d.

text: c.

text: composed

text: his

text: Historia

text: Regum

text: Britanniae

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: stories

text: and

text: legends

text: about

text: Arthur

text: Other

text: works

text: were

text: more

text: clearly

text: history

text: such

text: as

text: Otto

text: von

text: Freising

text: 's

text: d.

text: Gesta

text: Friderici

text: Imperatoris

text: detailing

text: the

text: deeds

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Frederick

text: Barbarossa

text: or

text: William

text: of

text: Malmesbury

text: 's

text: d.

text: c.

text: Gesta

text: Regum

text: on

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: England

question: What does chansons de geste mean in English?

answer: songs of great deeds

text: songs of great deeds

question: Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?

answer: The Song of Hildebrand

text: The Song of Hildebrand

question: Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?

answer: Geoffrey of Monmouth

text: Geoffrey of Monmouth

question: What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?

answer: Arthur

text: Arthur

question: Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?

answer: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa

text: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa


text: The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw the New Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier. Its front page headline read THE SUN BACKS BLAIR and its front page editorial made clear that while it still opposed some New Labour policies, such as the Minimum Wage and Devolution, it believed Blair to be "the breath of fresh air this great country needs". John Major's Conservatives, it said, were "tired, divided and rudderless". Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Sun

text: switched

text: support

text: to

text: the

text: Labour

text: party

text: on

text: March

text: six

text: weeks

text: before

text: the

text: General

text: Election

text: victory

text: which

text: saw

text: the

text: New

text: Labour

text: leader

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: become

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: parliamentary

text: majority

text: despite

text: the

text: paper

text: having

text: attacked

text: Blair

text: and

text: New

text: Labour

text: up

text: to

text: a

text: month

text: earlier

text: Its

text: front

text: page

text: headline

text: read

text: THE

text: SUN

text: BACKS

text: BLAIR

text: and

text: its

text: front

text: page

text: editorial

text: made

text: clear

text: that

text: while

text: it

text: still

text: opposed

text: some

text: New

text: Labour

text: policies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Minimum

text: Wage

text: and

text: Devolution

text: it

text: believed

text: Blair

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: breath

text: of

text: fresh

text: air

text: this

text: great

text: country

text: needs

text: John

text: Major

text: 's

text: Conservatives

text: it

text: said

text: were

text: tired

text: divided

text: and

text: rudderless

text: Blair

text: who

text: had

text: radically

text: altered

text: his

text: party

text: 's

text: image

text: and

text: policies

text: noting

text: the

text: influence

text: the

text: paper

text: could

text: have

text: over

text: its

text: readers

text: political

text: thinking

text: had

text: courted

text: it

text: and

text: Murdoch

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: by

text: granting

text: exclusive

text: interviews

text: and

text: writing

text: columns

question: Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?

answer: Labour party

text: Labour party

question: Who became Prime Minister in 1997?

answer: Tony Blair

text: Tony Blair

question: Which New Labour policies did The Sun oppose?

answer: Minimum Wage and Devolution

text: Minimum Wage and Devolution

question: How did The Sun describe John Major's Conservatives?

answer: "tired, divided and rudderless"

text: "tired, divided and rudderless"

question: Who greatly changed the image of the Labour party?

answer: Blair

text: Blair


text: In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military. With the eventual spread of the radio and television throughout Italy and the establishment of public education, Italians from all regions were increasingly exposed to standard Italian, while literacy rates among all social classes improved. Today, the majority of Italians are able to speak standard Italian, though many Italians still speak their regional language regularly or as their primary day-to-day language, especially at home with family or when communicating with Italians from the same town or region. However, to some Italians, speaking a regional language, especially in a formal setting or outside of one's region, may carry a stigma or negative connotations associated with being lower class, uneducated, boorish, or overly informal.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: vast

text: conscription

text: of

text: Italian

text: men

text: from

text: all

text: throughout

text: Italy

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: facilitating

text: the

text: diffusion

text: of

text: standard

text: Italian

text: among

text: less

text: educated

text: Italian

text: men

text: as

text: these

text: men

text: from

text: various

text: regions

text: with

text: various

text: regional

text: languages

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: a

text: common

text: tongue

text: while

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: military

text: With

text: the

text: eventual

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: throughout

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: public

text: education

text: Italians

text: from

text: all

text: regions

text: were

text: increasingly

text: exposed

text: to

text: standard

text: Italian

text: while

text: literacy

text: rates

text: among

text: all

text: social

text: classes

text: improved

text: Today

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Italians

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: speak

text: standard

text: Italian

text: though

text: many

text: Italians

text: still

text: speak

text: their

text: regional

text: language

text: regularly

text: or

text: as

text: their

text: primary

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: language

text: especially

text: at

text: home

text: with

text: family

text: or

text: when

text: communicating

text: with

text: Italians

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: town

text: or

text: region

text: However

text: to

text: some

text: Italians

text: speaking

text: a

text: regional

text: language

text: especially

text: in

text: a

text: formal

text: setting

text: or

text: outside

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: region

text: may

text: carry

text: a

text: stigma

text: or

text: negative

text: connotations

text: associated

text: with

text: being

text: lower

text: class

text: uneducated

text: boorish

text: or

text: overly

text: informal

question: During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian?

answer: World War I

text: World War I

question: Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population?

answer: television

text: television

question: In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?

answer: lower

text: lower

question: Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language?

answer: outside of one's region

text: outside of one's region

question: Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language?

answer: at home with family

text: at home with family


text: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Lincoln

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Performing

text: Arts

text: anchoring

text: Lincoln

text: Square

text: on

text: the

text: Upper

text: West

text: Side

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: influential

text: arts

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Opera

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Opera

text: New

text: York

text: Philharmonic

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Ballet

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Vivian

text: Beaumont

text: Theater

text: the

text: Juilliard

text: School

text: Jazz

text: at

text: Lincoln

text: Center

text: and

text: Alice

text: Tully

text: Hall

text: The

text: Lee

text: Strasberg

text: Theatre

text: and

text: Film

text: Institute

text: is

text: in

text: Union

text: Square

text: and

text: Tisch

text: School

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: is

text: based

text: at

text: New

text: York

text: University

text: while

text: Central

text: Park

text: SummerStage

text: presents

text: performances

text: of

text: free

text: plays

text: and

text: music

text: in

text: Central

text: Park

question: In what borough is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: In what part of Manhattan can you find Lincoln Square?

answer: Upper West Side

text: Upper West Side

question: In what square is the theater named after Lee Strasberg located?

answer: Union Square

text: Union Square

question: At what institution of higher education is the Tisch School of the Arts located?

answer: New York University

text: New York University

question: In what New York park can one find performances at no cost?

answer: Central Park

text: Central Park


text: Topographically, a remarkable feature of Galicia is the presence of many firth-like inlets along the coast, estuaries that were drowned with rising sea levels after the ice age. These are called rías and are divided into the smaller Rías Altas ("High Rías"), and the larger Rías Baixas ("Low Rías"). The Rías Altas include Ribadeo, Foz, Viveiro, Barqueiro, Ortigueira, Cedeira, Ferrol, Betanzos, A Coruña, Corme e Laxe and Camariñas. The Rías Baixas, found south of Fisterra, include Corcubión, Muros e Noia, Arousa, Pontevedra and Vigo. The Rías Altas can sometimes refer only to those east of Estaca de Bares, with the others being called Rías Medias ("Intermediate Rías").

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Topographically

text: a

text: remarkable

text: feature

text: of

text: Galicia

text: is

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: many

text: firth

text: like

text: inlets

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: estuaries

text: that

text: were

text: drowned

text: with

text: rising

text: sea

text: levels

text: after

text: the

text: ice

text: age

text: These

text: are

text: called

text: rías

text: and

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: smaller

text: Rías

text: Altas

text: High

text: Rías

text: and

text: the

text: larger

text: Rías

text: Baixas

text: Low

text: Rías

text: The

text: Rías

text: Altas

text: include

text: Ribadeo

text: Foz

text: Viveiro

text: Barqueiro

text: Ortigueira

text: Cedeira

text: Ferrol

text: Betanzos

text: A

text: Coruña

text: Corme

text: e

text: Laxe

text: and

text: Camariñas

text: The

text: Rías

text: Baixas

text: found

text: south

text: of

text: Fisterra

text: include

text: Corcubión

text: Muros

text: e

text: Noia

text: Arousa

text: Pontevedra

text: and

text: Vigo

text: The

text: Rías

text: Altas

text: can

text: sometimes

text: refer

text: only

text: to

text: those

text: east

text: of

text: Estaca

text: de

text: Bares

text: with

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: called

text: Rías

text: Medias

text: Intermediate

text: Rías

question: What are estuaries called in Galicia?

answer: rías

text: rías

question: What does Rías Altas mean?

answer: High Rías

text: High Rías

question: WWhat does Rías Baixas mean?

answer: Low Rías

text: Low Rías


text: Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Parkson

text: enters

text: by

text: acquiring

text: local

text: brand

text: Centro

text: Department

text: Store

text: in

text: Centro

text: still

text: operates

text: for

text: middle

text: market

text: while

text: the

text: Parkson

text: brand

text: itself

text: positioned

text: for

text: middle

text: up

text: segment

text: enters

text: in

text: by

text: opening

text: its

text: first

text: store

text: in

text: Medan

text: followed

text: by

text: its

text: second

text: store

text: in

text: Jakarta

text: Lotte

text: meanwhile

text: enters

text: the

text: market

text: by

text: inking

text: partnership

text: with

text: Ciputra

text: Group

text: creating

text: what

text: its

text: called

text: Lotte

text: Shopping

text: Avenue

text: inside

text: the

text: Ciputra

text: World

text: Jakarta

text: complex

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: acquiring

text: Makro

text: and

text: rebranding

text: it

text: into

text: Lotte

text: Mart

question: What store did Parkson buy in 2011?

answer: Centro Department Store

text: Centro Department Store

question: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2014?

answer: Medan

text: Medan

question: Who did Lotte partner with?

answer: Ciputra Group

text: Ciputra Group

question: Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located?

answer: Ciputra World Jakarta complex

text: Ciputra World Jakarta complex

question: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase?

answer: Lotte Mart

text: Lotte Mart


text: Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913, in an attempt to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model. In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation. If that charge were to be an electron orbiting a nucleus, the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus. Bohr solved this paradox with explicit reference to Planck's work: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: Niels

text: Bohr

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: quantized

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: atom

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: overcome

text: a

text: major

text: shortcoming

text: of

text: Rutherford

text: 's

text: classical

text: model

text: In

text: classical

text: electrodynamics

text: a

text: charge

text: moving

text: in

text: a

text: circle

text: should

text: radiate

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: If

text: that

text: charge

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: electron

text: orbiting

text: a

text: nucleus

text: the

text: radiation

text: would

text: cause

text: it

text: to

text: lose

text: energy

text: and

text: spiral

text: down

text: into

text: the

text: nucleus

text: Bohr

text: solved

text: this

text: paradox

text: with

text: explicit

text: reference

text: to

text: Planck

text: 's

text: work

text: an

text: electron

text: in

text: a

text: Bohr

text: atom

text: could

text: only

text: have

text: certain

text: defined

text: energies

text: En

question: Who introduced the first quantized model of the atom?

answer: Niels Bohr

text: Niels Bohr

question: When was the first quantized model of the atom introduced?

answer: 1913

question: Why was the first quantized model of the atom introduced?

answer: to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model

text: to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model

question: In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should do what?

answer: radiate electromagnetic radiation

text: radiate electromagnetic radiation

question: Who modeled the atom in 1913, challenging Rutherford's model?

answer: Niels Bohr

text: Niels Bohr

question: What was predicted to happen to a nucleus-orbiting electron under Rutherford's model?

answer: the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus

text: the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus

question: What statement did Bohr make about the electron of an atom, citing Planck's work?

answer: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies

text: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies


text: However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: However

text: with

text: the

text: Glorious

text: Revolution

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: was

text: finally

text: unequivocally

text: recognised

text: as

text: a

text: Presbyterian

text: institution

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: due

text: to

text: Scottish

text: Presbyterian

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: revolution

text: and

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: between

text: Scotland

text: and

text: England

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: However

text: legislation

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: parliament

text: allowing

text: patronage

text: led

text: to

text: splits

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: In

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: ministers

text: seceded

text: from

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Associate

text: Presbytery

text: another

text: group

text: seceded

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Relief

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Disruption

text: of

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Further

text: splits

text: took

text: place

text: especially

text: over

text: theological

text: issues

text: but

text: most

text: Presbyterians

text: in

text: Scotland

text: were

text: reunited

text: by

text: union

text: of

text: the

text: established

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Free

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

question: In what year was the Church of Scotland recognized as a Presbyterian institution by the moncarh?

answer: 1688

question: Which group was formed when ministries seceded from The Church of Scotland in 1733?

answer: Associate Presbytery

text: Associate Presbytery

question: What year were most Presbyterians in Scotland reunited?

answer: 1929

question: Which two groups were involved in the reuniting of Scotland's Presbyterian churches?

answer: Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland

text: Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland