text: Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation." Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject. As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Up

text: to

text: English

text: German

text: and

text: Afrikaans

text: were

text: official

text: languages

text: Long

text: before

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: SWAPO

text: was

text: of

text: the

text: opinion

text: that

text: the

text: country

text: should

text: become

text: officially

text: monolingual

text: choosing

text: this

text: approach

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: its

text: neighbour

text: South

text: Africa

text: which

text: granted

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: major

text: languages

text: official

text: status

text: which

text: was

text: seen

text: by

text: them

text: as

text: a

text: deliberate

text: policy

text: of

text: ethnolinguistic

text: fragmentation

text: Consequently

text: SWAPO

text: instituted

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: sole

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Namibia

text: though

text: only

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: home

text: language

text: Its

text: implementation

text: is

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: education

text: and

text: the

text: broadcasting

text: system

text: Some

text: other

text: languages

text: have

text: received

text: semi

text: official

text: recognition

text: by

text: being

text: allowed

text: as

text: medium

text: of

text: instruction

text: in

text: primary

text: schools

text: It

text: is

text: expected

text: of

text: private

text: schools

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: same

text: policy

text: as

text: state

text: schools

text: and

text: English

text: language

text: is

text: a

text: compulsory

text: subject

text: As

text: in

text: other

text: postcolonial

text: African

text: societies

text: the

text: push

text: for

text: monolingual

text: instruction

text: and

text: policy

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: school

text: drop

text: outs

text: and

text: of

text: individuals

text: whose

text: academic

text: competence

text: in

text: any

text: language

text: is

text: low

question: German, English, and Afrikaans were the official languages until when in Namibia?

answer: 1990

question: What is the primary language of Namibia, as SWAPO instituted?

answer: English

text: English

question: SWAPO thought Namibia should have what type of official language?

answer: monolingual

text: monolingual

question: How many Namibian's speak English?

answer: 3%

question: There was a high rate of what due to monolingual instruction?

answer: school drop-outs

text: school drop-outs


text: Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the same species, they also spread pollen from plants on which they have previously fed. This greatly increases plants' ability to cross-pollinate, which maintains and possibly even improves their evolutionary fitness. This ultimately affects humans since ensuring healthy crops is critical to agriculture. As well as pollination ants help with seed distribution of plants. This helps to spread the plants which increases plant diversity. This leads to an overall better environment. A serious environmental problem is the decline of populations of pollinator insects, and a number of species of insects are now cultured primarily for pollination management in order to have sufficient pollinators in the field, orchard or greenhouse at bloom time.:240–243 Another solution, as shown in Delaware, has been to raise native plants to help support native pollinators like L. vierecki. Insects also produce useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk. Honey bees have been cultured by humans for thousands of years for honey, although contracting for crop pollination is becoming more significant for beekeepers. The silkworm has greatly affected human history, as silk-driven trade established relationships between China and the rest of the world.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Although

text: pest

text: insects

text: attract

text: the

text: most

text: attention

text: many

text: insects

text: are

text: beneficial

text: to

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: to

text: humans

text: Some

text: insects

text: like

text: wasps

text: bees

text: butterflies

text: and

text: ants

text: pollinate

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Pollination

text: is

text: a

text: mutualistic

text: relationship

text: between

text: plants

text: and

text: insects

text: As

text: insects

text: gather

text: nectar

text: from

text: different

text: plants

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: they

text: also

text: spread

text: pollen

text: from

text: plants

text: on

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: previously

text: fed

text: This

text: greatly

text: increases

text: plants

text: ability

text: to

text: cross

text: pollinate

text: which

text: maintains

text: and

text: possibly

text: even

text: improves

text: their

text: evolutionary

text: fitness

text: This

text: ultimately

text: affects

text: humans

text: since

text: ensuring

text: healthy

text: crops

text: is

text: critical

text: to

text: agriculture

text: As

text: well

text: as

text: pollination

text: ants

text: help

text: with

text: seed

text: distribution

text: of

text: plants

text: This

text: helps

text: to

text: spread

text: the

text: plants

text: which

text: increases

text: plant

text: diversity

text: This

text: leads

text: to

text: an

text: overall

text: better

text: environment

text: A

text: serious

text: environmental

text: problem

text: is

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: populations

text: of

text: pollinator

text: insects

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: insects

text: are

text: now

text: cultured

text: primarily

text: for

text: pollination

text: management

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: have

text: sufficient

text: pollinators

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: orchard

text: or

text: greenhouse

text: at

text: bloom

text: Another

text: solution

text: as

text: shown

text: in

text: Delaware

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: raise

text: native

text: plants

text: to

text: help

text: support

text: native

text: pollinators

text: like

text: L.

text: vierecki

text: Insects

text: also

text: produce

text: useful

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: honey

text: wax

text: lacquer

text: and

text: silk

text: Honey

text: bees

text: have

text: been

text: cultured

text: by

text: humans

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: for

text: honey

text: although

text: contracting

text: for

text: crop

text: pollination

text: is

text: becoming

text: more

text: significant

text: for

text: beekeepers

text: The

text: silkworm

text: has

text: greatly

text: affected

text: human

text: history

text: as

text: silk

text: driven

text: trade

text: established

text: relationships

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What kind of insects attract the most attention from humans?

answer: pest insects

text: pest insects

question: Many insects are what to the environment?

answer: beneficial

text: beneficial

question: What do bees, wasps, butterflies, and ants do to flowers?

answer: pollinate

text: pollinate

question: What do insects gather from plants?

answer: nectar

text: nectar

question: What kind of environmental problem would occur without pollination?

answer: serious

text: serious


text: In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry "in general". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: In

text: general

text: Continental

text: Freemasonry

text: is

text: sympathetic

text: to

text: Freemasonry

text: amongst

text: women

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: when

text: French

text: lodges

text: assisted

text: the

text: emergent

text: co

text: masonic

text: movement

text: by

text: promoting

text: enough

text: of

text: their

text: members

text: to

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: and

text: Accepted

text: Scottish

text: Rite

text: to

text: allow

text: them

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: their

text: own

text: grand

text: council

text: recognised

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: Continental

text: Grand

text: Councils

text: of

text: that

text: Rite

text: The

text: United

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: of

text: England

text: issued

text: a

text: statement

text: in

text: recognising

text: the

text: two

text: women

text: 's

text: grand

text: lodges

text: there

text: to

text: be

text: regular

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: the

text: participants

text: While

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: therefore

text: recognised

text: as

text: regular

text: they

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: Freemasonry

text: in

text: general

text: The

text: attitude

text: of

text: most

text: regular

text: Anglo

text: American

text: grand

text: lodges

text: remains

text: that

text: women

text: Freemasons

text: are

text: not

text: legitimate

text: Masons

question: When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges?

answer: the 1890s

text: the 1890s

question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England recognize the two female Masonic lodges?

answer: 1999

question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get women accepted into the Freemasons?

answer: the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite

text: the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite

question: Do Anglo-American grand lodges accept women as members today?

answer: most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons

text: most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons


text: Although not yet tested as a therapy in humans, a growing body of evidence indicates that zinc may preferentially kill prostate cancer cells. Because zinc naturally homes to the prostate and because the prostate is accessible with relatively non-invasive procedures, its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in this type of cancer has shown promise. However, other studies have demonstrated that chronic use of zinc supplements in excess of the recommended dosage may actually increase the chance of developing prostate cancer, also likely due to the natural buildup of this heavy metal in the prostate.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Although

text: not

text: yet

text: tested

text: as

text: a

text: therapy

text: in

text: humans

text: a

text: growing

text: body

text: of

text: evidence

text: indicates

text: that

text: zinc

text: may

text: preferentially

text: kill

text: prostate

text: cancer

text: cells

text: Because

text: zinc

text: naturally

text: homes

text: to

text: the

text: prostate

text: and

text: because

text: the

text: prostate

text: is

text: accessible

text: with

text: relatively

text: non

text: invasive

text: procedures

text: its

text: potential

text: as

text: a

text: chemotherapeutic

text: agent

text: in

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: cancer

text: has

text: shown

text: promise

text: However

text: other

text: studies

text: have

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: chronic

text: use

text: of

text: zinc

text: supplements

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: the

text: recommended

text: dosage

text: may

text: actually

text: increase

text: the

text: chance

text: of

text: developing

text: prostate

text: cancer

text: also

text: likely

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: buildup

text: of

text: this

text: heavy

text: metal

text: in

text: the

text: prostate

question: What kind of cancer cells may zinc prove to kill?

answer: prostate

text: prostate

question: What type of agent is zync useful as against prostate cancer?

answer: chemotherapeutic

text: chemotherapeutic

question: What could overuse of zinc possibly cause?

answer: prostate cancer

text: prostate cancer

question: Where does zinc naturally buildup in the body?

answer: prostate.

text: prostate.


text: The thirteenth season premiered on January 15, 2014, with Ryan Seacrest returning as host. Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor. Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj left the panel after one season. Former judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr. joined Urban on the panel. Also, Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick were replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger. Bill DeRonde replaced Warwick as a director of the audition episodes, while Louis J. Horvitz replaced Gregg Gelfand as a director of the show.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: thirteenth

text: season

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: with

text: Ryan

text: Seacrest

text: returning

text: as

text: host

text: Randy

text: Jackson

text: and

text: Keith

text: Urban

text: returned

text: though

text: Jackson

text: moved

text: from

text: the

text: judging

text: panel

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: in

text: mentor

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: and

text: Nicki

text: Minaj

text: left

text: the

text: panel

text: after

text: one

text: season

text: Former

text: judge

text: Jennifer

text: Lopez

text: and

text: former

text: mentor

text: Harry

text: Connick

text: Jr.

text: joined

text: Urban

text: on

text: the

text: panel

text: Also

text: Nigel

text: Lythgoe

text: and

text: Ken

text: Warwick

text: were

text: replaced

text: as

text: executive

text: producers

text: by

text: Per

text: Blankens

text: Jesse

text: Ignjatovic

text: and

text: Evan

text: Pragger

text: Bill

text: DeRonde

text: replaced

text: Warwick

text: as

text: a

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: audition

text: episodes

text: while

text: Louis

text: J.

text: Horvitz

text: replaced

text: Gregg

text: Gelfand

text: as

text: a

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: show

question: What year did season 13 of American Idol first air?

answer: 2014

question: Who was the host of American idol in its thirteenth season?

answer: Ryan Seacrest

text: Ryan Seacrest

question: What new role did Randy Jackson assume during American Idols thirteenth season?

answer: in-mentor

text: in-mentor

question: Who directed the thirteenth season of American Idol?

answer: Gregg Gelfand

text: Gregg Gelfand

question: When did season 13 premiere?

answer: January 15, 2014

text: January 15, 2014

question: Who was the mentor this season?

answer: Randy Jackson

text: Randy Jackson

question: Which former judge came back to the judges' panel this season?

answer: Jennifer Lopez

text: Jennifer Lopez

question: Which former mentor joined the judges' panel this season?

answer: Harry Connick, Jr.

text: Harry Connick, Jr.

question: Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic, and Evan Pragger replaced which two executives?

answer: Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick

text: Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick


text: Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is quite similar to that of modern German: nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 9th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Old

text: English

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: and

text: its

text: closest

text: relatives

text: are

text: Old

text: Frisian

text: and

text: Old

text: Saxon

text: Like

text: other

text: old

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: Modern

text: English

text: and

text: difficult

text: for

text: Modern

text: English

text: speakers

text: to

text: understand

text: without

text: study

text: Old

text: English

text: grammar

text: is

text: quite

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: modern

text: German

text: nouns

text: adjectives

text: pronouns

text: and

text: verbs

text: have

text: many

text: inflectional

text: endings

text: and

text: forms

text: and

text: word

text: order

text: is

text: much

text: freer

text: The

text: oldest

text: Old

text: English

text: inscriptions

text: were

text: written

text: using

text: a

text: runic

text: system

text: but

text: from

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: this

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

question: To what language group does Old English belong?

answer: West Germanic

text: West Germanic

question: Along with Old Saxon, what language is closely related to Old English?

answer: Old Frisian

text: Old Frisian

question: To what modern language is Old English similar?

answer: German

text: German

question: In what century did the Latin alphabet replace the runic system in Old English writing?

answer: 9th


text: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge.[c] Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, bombs, and the Clawshot (similar to the Hookshot introduced earlier in the The Legend of Zelda series).[d] While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.[c]

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: The

text: Legend

text: of

text: Zelda

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: is

text: an

text: action

text: adventure

text: game

text: focused

text: on

text: combat

text: exploration

text: and

text: item

text: collection

text: It

text: uses

text: the

text: basic

text: control

text: scheme

text: introduced

text: in

text: Ocarina

text: of

text: Time

text: including

text: context

text: sensitive

text: action

text: buttons

text: and

text: L

text: targeting

text: Z

text: targeting

text: on

text: the

text: Wii

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: allows

text: the

text: player

text: to

text: keep

text: Link

text: 's

text: view

text: focused

text: on

text: an

text: enemy

text: or

text: important

text: object

text: while

text: moving

text: and

text: attacking

text: Link

text: can

text: walk

text: run

text: and

text: attack

text: and

text: will

text: automatically

text: jump

text: when

text: running

text: off

text: of

text: or

text: reaching

text: for

text: a

text: ledge.[c

text: Link

text: uses

text: a

text: sword

text: and

text: shield

text: in

text: combat

text: complemented

text: with

text: secondary

text: weapons

text: and

text: items

text: including

text: a

text: bow

text: and

text: arrows

text: a

text: boomerang

text: bombs

text: and

text: the

text: Clawshot

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Hookshot

text: introduced

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: Legend

text: of

text: Zelda

text: series).[d

text: While

text: L

text: targeting

text: projectile

text: based

text: weapons

text: can

text: be

text: fired

text: at

text: a

text: target

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: manual

text: aiming.[c

question: What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?

answer: combat, exploration, and item collection

text: combat, exploration, and item collection

question: Twilight Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?

answer: Ocarina of Time

text: Ocarina of Time

question: What can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies?

answer: L-targeting

text: L-targeting

question: What is Link's main weapon?

answer: sword

text: sword

question: What secondary weapon in Twilight Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?

answer: Clawshot

text: Clawshot

question: What genre of game is Twilight Princess?

answer: action-adventure

text: action-adventure

question: Twilight Princess follows the control scheme introduced in what game?

answer: Ocarina of Time

text: Ocarina of Time

question: What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat?

answer: sword and shield

text: sword and shield

question: What control can be used while targeting that allows the player to forego manual targeting?

answer: L-targeting

text: L-targeting


text: To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions related to groups have to be compatible with the group operation. This compatibility manifests itself in the following notions in various ways. For example, groups can be related to each other via functions called group homomorphisms. By the mentioned principle, they are required to respect the group structures in a precise sense. The structure of groups can also be understood by breaking them into pieces called subgroups and quotient groups. The principle of "preserving structures"—a recurring topic in mathematics throughout—is an instance of working in a category, in this case the category of groups.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: To

text: understand

text: groups

text: beyond

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: mere

text: symbolic

text: manipulations

text: as

text: above

text: more

text: structural

text: concepts

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: employed.c[›

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: conceptual

text: principle

text: underlying

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: notions

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: offered

text: by

text: groups

text: which

text: sets

text: being

text: structureless

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: constructions

text: related

text: to

text: groups

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: group

text: operation

text: This

text: compatibility

text: manifests

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: notions

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: For

text: example

text: groups

text: can

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: via

text: functions

text: called

text: group

text: homomorphisms

text: By

text: the

text: mentioned

text: principle

text: they

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: respect

text: the

text: group

text: structures

text: in

text: a

text: precise

text: sense

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: groups

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: understood

text: by

text: breaking

text: them

text: into

text: pieces

text: called

text: subgroups

text: and

text: quotient

text: groups

text: The

text: principle

text: of

text: preserving

text: structures

text: a

text: recurring

text: topic

text: in

text: mathematics

text: throughout

text: is

text: an

text: instance

text: of

text: working

text: in

text: a

text: category

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: the

text: category

text: of

text: groups

question: What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols?

answer: structural concepts

text: structural concepts

question: What has to be compatible with the group operation?

answer: constructions related to groups

text: constructions related to groups

question: What concept describes groups that can be related to each other via functions?

answer: group homomorphisms

text: group homomorphisms


text: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: College

text: of

text: Engineering

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: however

text: early

text: courses

text: in

text: civil

text: and

text: mechanical

text: engineering

text: were

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Science

text: since

text: the

text: Today

text: the

text: college

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: Fitzpatrick

text: Cushing

text: and

text: Stinson

text: Remick

text: Halls

text: of

text: Engineering

text: includes

text: five

text: departments

text: of

text: study

text: aerospace

text: and

text: mechanical

text: engineering

text: chemical

text: and

text: biomolecular

text: engineering

text: civil

text: engineering

text: and

text: geological

text: sciences

text: computer

text: science

text: and

text: engineering

text: and

text: electrical

text: engineering

text: with

text: eight

text: B.S.

text: degrees

text: offered

text: Additionally

text: the

text: college

text: offers

text: five

text: year

text: dual

text: degree

text: programs

text: with

text: the

text: Colleges

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Letters

text: and

text: of

text: Business

text: awarding

text: additional

text: B.A.

text: and

text: Master

text: of

text: Business

text: Administration

text: MBA

text: degrees

text: respectively

question: How many BS level degrees are offered in the College of Engineering at Notre Dame?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed?

answer: 1920

question: Before the creation of the College of Engineering similar studies were carried out at which Notre Dame college?

answer: the College of Science

text: the College of Science

question: How many departments are within the Stinson-Remick Hall of Engineering?

answer: five

text: five

question: The College of Science began to offer civil engineering courses beginning at what time at Notre Dame?

answer: the 1870s

text: the 1870s


text: Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game in his spare time from his job with the Blitz. By 1985, the USFL had ceased football operations and he began devoting all his time to arena football, and on April 27, 1986, his concept was realized when the test game was played.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: Plans

text: for

text: arena

text: football

text: were

text: put

text: on

text: hold

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Football

text: League

text: was

text: launched

text: Foster

text: left

text: the

text: NFL

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: USFL

text: He

text: eventually

text: became

text: executive

text: vice

text: president

text: with

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Blitz

text: where

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: his

text: concept

text: of

text: arena

text: football

text: In

text: he

text: began

text: organizing

text: the

text: test

text: game

text: in

text: his

text: spare

text: time

text: from

text: his

text: job

text: with

text: the

text: Blitz

text: By

text: the

text: USFL

text: had

text: ceased

text: football

text: operations

text: and

text: he

text: began

text: devoting

text: all

text: his

text: time

text: to

text: arena

text: football

text: and

text: on

text: April

text: his

text: concept

text: was

text: realized

text: when

text: the

text: test

text: game

text: was

text: played

question: What football league began in 1982?

answer: the United States Football League

text: the United States Football League

question: What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for?

answer: Chicago Blitz

text: Chicago Blitz

question: When did the USFL shut down?

answer: 1985

question: On what date was the arena football test game played?

answer: April 27, 1986

text: April 27, 1986

question: What was Foster's job title with the Chicago Blitz?

answer: executive vice-president

text: executive vice-president


text: The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, Quaecumque sunt vera (Whatsoever things are true) is drawn from the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians 4:8, while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John 1:14: ο λόγος πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας (The Word full of grace and truth). Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892, replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Latin

text: phrase

text: on

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: seal

text: Quaecumque

text: sunt

text: vera

text: Whatsoever

text: things

text: are

text: true

text: is

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: Epistle

text: of

text: Paul

text: to

text: the

text: Philippians

text: while

text: the

text: Greek

text: phrase

text: inscribed

text: on

text: the

text: pages

text: of

text: an

text: open

text: book

text: is

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: Gospel

text: of

text: John

text: ο

text: λόγος

text: πλήρης

text: χάριτος

text: και

text: αληθείας

text: The

text: Word

text: full

text: of

text: grace

text: and

text: truth

text: Purple

text: became

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: official

text: color

text: in

text: replacing

text: black

text: and

text: gold

text: after

text: a

text: university

text: committee

text: concluded

text: that

text: too

text: many

text: other

text: universities

text: had

text: used

text: these

text: colors

text: Today

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: official

text: color

text: is

text: purple

text: although

text: white

text: is

text: something

text: of

text: an

text: official

text: color

text: as

text: well

text: being

text: mentioned

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: earliest

text: song

text: Alma

text: Mater

text: Hail

text: to

text: purple

text: hail

text: to

text: white

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: university

text: guidelines

question: What has been Northwestern's official color since 1892?

answer: Purple

text: Purple

question: Why did Northwestern replace it's original official colors of black and gold?

answer: too many other universities had used these colors

text: too many other universities had used these colors

question: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal?

answer: Whatsoever things are true

text: Whatsoever things are true

question: What does the Greek phrase that is inscribed on the pages of an open book on the seal mean?

answer: The Word full of grace and truth

text: The Word full of grace and truth

question: What color besides purple is often considered an official color of Northwestern?

answer: white

text: white


text: After golf, oil painting was Eisenhower's second hobby. While at Columbia University, Eisenhower began the art after watching Thomas E. Stephens paint Mamie's portrait. Eisenhower painted about 260 oils during the last 20 years of his life to relax, mostly landscapes but also portraits of subjects such as Mamie, their grandchildren, General Montgomery, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. Wendy Beckett stated that Eisenhower's work, "simple and earnest, rather cause us to wonder at the hidden depths of this reticent president". A conservative in both art and politics, he in a 1962 speech denounced modern art as "a piece of canvas that looks like a broken-down Tin Lizzie, loaded with paint, has been driven over it."

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: After

text: golf

text: oil

text: painting

text: was

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: second

text: hobby

text: While

text: at

text: Columbia

text: University

text: Eisenhower

text: began

text: the

text: art

text: after

text: watching

text: Thomas

text: E.

text: Stephens

text: paint

text: Mamie

text: 's

text: portrait

text: Eisenhower

text: painted

text: about

text: oils

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: to

text: relax

text: mostly

text: landscapes

text: but

text: also

text: portraits

text: of

text: subjects

text: such

text: as

text: Mamie

text: their

text: grandchildren

text: General

text: Montgomery

text: George

text: Washington

text: and

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: Wendy

text: Beckett

text: stated

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: work

text: simple

text: and

text: earnest

text: rather

text: cause

text: us

text: to

text: wonder

text: at

text: the

text: hidden

text: depths

text: of

text: this

text: reticent

text: president

text: A

text: conservative

text: in

text: both

text: art

text: and

text: politics

text: he

text: in

text: a

text: speech

text: denounced

text: modern

text: art

text: as

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: canvas

text: that

text: looks

text: like

text: a

text: broken

text: down

text: Tin

text: Lizzie

text: loaded

text: with

text: paint

text: has

text: been

text: driven

text: over

text: it

question: What was Eisenhower's favorite hobby other than golfing?

answer: oil painting

text: oil painting

question: What car did Eisenhower compare modern art to?

answer: Tin Lizzie

text: Tin Lizzie

question: What was the main type of oil painting painted by Eisenhower?

answer: landscapes

text: landscapes

question: Who notably painted a picture of Mamie Eisenhower?

answer: Thomas E. Stephens

text: Thomas E. Stephens

question: Who called Eisenhower's art "simple and earnest"?

answer: Wendy Beckett

text: Wendy Beckett


text: Water splitting, in which water is decomposed into its component protons, electrons, and oxygen, occurs in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms. Some such organisms, including the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria, have evolved a second step in the dark reactions in which protons and electrons are reduced to form H2 gas by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast. Efforts have been undertaken to genetically modify cyanobacterial hydrogenases to efficiently synthesize H2 gas even in the presence of oxygen. Efforts have also been undertaken with genetically modified alga in a bioreactor.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Water

text: splitting

text: in

text: which

text: water

text: is

text: decomposed

text: into

text: its

text: component

text: protons

text: electrons

text: and

text: oxygen

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: reactions

text: in

text: all

text: photosynthetic

text: organisms

text: Some

text: such

text: organisms

text: including

text: the

text: alga

text: Chlamydomonas

text: reinhardtii

text: and

text: cyanobacteria

text: have

text: evolved

text: a

text: second

text: step

text: in

text: the

text: dark

text: reactions

text: in

text: which

text: protons

text: and

text: electrons

text: are

text: reduced

text: to

text: form

text: gas

text: by

text: specialized

text: hydrogenases

text: in

text: the

text: chloroplast

text: Efforts

text: have

text: been

text: undertaken

text: to

text: genetically

text: modify

text: cyanobacterial

text: hydrogenases

text: to

text: efficiently

text: synthesize

text: gas

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: oxygen

text: Efforts

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: undertaken

text: with

text: genetically

text: modified

text: alga

text: in

text: a

text: bioreactor

question: What is the decomposition of water into its components called?

answer: Water splitting

text: Water splitting

question: Where does water splitting occur?

answer: in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms

text: in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms

question: What organisms can form H2 gas?

answer: alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria

text: alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria

question: How are these gases formed?

answer: by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast

text: by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast


text: Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. Major artists included Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens, James Taylor and Bread.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Hard

text: rock

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: as

text: a

text: mainstream

text: genre

text: by

text: From

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: it

text: became

text: common

text: to

text: divide

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: music

text: into

text: soft

text: and

text: hard

text: rock

text: with

text: both

text: emerging

text: as

text: major

text: radio

text: formats

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Soft

text: rock

text: was

text: often

text: derived

text: from

text: folk

text: rock

text: using

text: acoustic

text: instruments

text: and

text: putting

text: more

text: emphasis

text: on

text: melody

text: and

text: harmonies

text: Major

text: artists

text: included

text: Barbra

text: Streisand

text: Carole

text: King

text: Cat

text: Stevens

text: James

text: Taylor

text: and

text: Bread

question: As of what year was hard rock a mainstream type of music?

answer: 1965

question: Along with soft rock, what type of music made up mainstream rock music in the late 1960s?

answer: hard rock

text: hard rock

question: What type of instruments were prominent in soft rock?

answer: acoustic

text: acoustic

question: What genre of music was soft rock descended from?

answer: folk rock

text: folk rock

question: Along with Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens and Bread, who was a prominent soft rock artist of this era?

answer: James Taylor

text: James Taylor


text: Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as "The Bag o'Nails" (Bacchanals), "The Goat and Compasses" (God Encompasseth Us), "The Cat and the Fiddle" (Chaton Fidèle: Faithful Kitten) and "The Bull and Bush", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Henry VIII at "Boulogne Bouche" or Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: pubs

text: that

text: appear

text: nonsensical

text: may

text: have

text: come

text: from

text: corruptions

text: of

text: old

text: slogans

text: or

text: phrases

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Bag

text: o'Nails

text: Bacchanals

text: The

text: Goat

text: and

text: Compasses

text: God

text: Encompasseth

text: Us

text: The

text: Cat

text: and

text: the

text: Fiddle

text: Chaton

text: Fidèle

text: Faithful

text: Kitten

text: and

text: The

text: Bull

text: and

text: Bush

text: which

text: purportedly

text: celebrates

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Henry

text: VIII

text: at

text: Boulogne

text: Bouche

text: or

text: Boulogne

text: sur

text: Mer

text: Harbour

question: The pub "The Bag o'Nails" was a corruption of what word?

answer: Bacchanals

text: Bacchanals

question: What phrase was "The Goat and Compasses" a corruption of?

answer: God Encompasseth Us

text: God Encompasseth Us

question: What does Chaton Fidèle mean in English?

answer: Faithful Kitten

text: Faithful Kitten

question: What location does Boulogne Bouche refer to?

answer: Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour

text: Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour

question: Who won a victory at Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour?

answer: Henry VIII

text: Henry VIII


text: German historian Reinhart Koselleck claimed that "On the Continent there were two social structures that left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges." Scottish professor Thomas Munck argues that "although the Masons did promote international and cross-social contacts which were essentially non-religious and broadly in agreement with enlightened values, they can hardly be described as a major radical or reformist network in their own right." Many of the Masons values seemed to greatly appeal to Enlightenment values and thinkers. Diderot discusses the link between Freemason ideals and the enlightenment in D'Alembert's Dream, exploring masonry as a way of spreading enlightenment beliefs. Historian Margaret Jacob stresses the importance of the Masons in indirectly inspiring enlightened political thought. On the negative side, Daniel Roche contests claims that Masonry promoted egalitarianism. He argues that the lodges only attracted men of similar social backgrounds. The presence of noble women in the French "lodges of adoption" that formed in the 1780s was largely due to the close ties shared between these lodges and aristocratic society.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: German

text: historian

text: Reinhart

text: Koselleck

text: claimed

text: that

text: On

text: the

text: Continent

text: there

text: were

text: two

text: social

text: structures

text: that

text: left

text: a

text: decisive

text: imprint

text: on

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Letters

text: and

text: the

text: Masonic

text: lodges

text: Scottish

text: professor

text: Thomas

text: Munck

text: argues

text: that

text: although

text: the

text: Masons

text: did

text: promote

text: international

text: and

text: cross

text: social

text: contacts

text: which

text: were

text: essentially

text: non

text: religious

text: and

text: broadly

text: in

text: agreement

text: with

text: enlightened

text: values

text: they

text: can

text: hardly

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: radical

text: or

text: reformist

text: network

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: Masons

text: values

text: seemed

text: to

text: greatly

text: appeal

text: to

text: Enlightenment

text: values

text: and

text: thinkers

text: Diderot

text: discusses

text: the

text: link

text: between

text: Freemason

text: ideals

text: and

text: the

text: enlightenment

text: in

text: D'Alembert

text: 's

text: Dream

text: exploring

text: masonry

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: spreading

text: enlightenment

text: beliefs

text: Historian

text: Margaret

text: Jacob

text: stresses

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: Masons

text: in

text: indirectly

text: inspiring

text: enlightened

text: political

text: thought

text: On

text: the

text: negative

text: side

text: Daniel

text: Roche

text: contests

text: claims

text: that

text: Masonry

text: promoted

text: egalitarianism

text: He

text: argues

text: that

text: the

text: lodges

text: only

text: attracted

text: men

text: of

text: similar

text: social

text: backgrounds

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: noble

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: lodges

text: of

text: adoption

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: was

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: close

text: ties

text: shared

text: between

text: these

text: lodges

text: and

text: aristocratic

text: society

question: According to German historian Reinhart Koselleck, which two social structures left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment?

answer: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges

text: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges

question: Which Scottish professor believes that Masons were not a major radical or reformist network in their own right?

answer: Thomas Munck

text: Thomas Munck

question: Historian Margaret Jacob stresses the importance of the Masons in indirectly inspriting what type of thinking?

answer: political thought

text: political thought

question: Daniel Roche claims that Masonry promoted what idea by only attracting men of similar social background?

answer: egalitarianism

text: egalitarianism

question: The presence of whom in the French "lodges of adoption" formed in the 1780s was die to the close ties shared with aristocratic society?

answer: noble women

text: noble women


text: The World Health Organization declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aims to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015. A number of targets they have set are not likely to be achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis. A tuberculosis classification system developed by the American Thoracic Society is used primarily in public health programs.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: declared

text: TB

text: a

text: global

text: health

text: emergency

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Stop

text: TB

text: Partnership

text: developed

text: a

text: Global

text: Plan

text: to

text: Stop

text: Tuberculosis

text: that

text: aims

text: to

text: save

text: million

text: lives

text: between

text: its

text: launch

text: and

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: targets

text: they

text: have

text: set

text: are

text: not

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: achieved

text: by

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: HIV

text: associated

text: tuberculosis

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: multiple

text: drug

text: resistant

text: tuberculosis

text: A

text: tuberculosis

text: classification

text: system

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Thoracic

text: Society

text: is

text: used

text: primarily

text: in

text: public

text: health

text: programs

question: What group heads up the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis?

answer: Stop TB Partnership

text: Stop TB Partnership

question: In what year did the WHO say tuberculosis was a "global health emergency"?

answer: 1993

question: How many lives did the Stop TB Partnership vow to save in the nine years between its start and 2015?

answer: 14 million

text: 14 million

question: Drug-resistant TB is one of the barriers to success of the Stop TB Partnership's initiative; what's the other other?

answer: HIV-associated tuberculosis

text: HIV-associated tuberculosis

question: What organization created a system to classify various types of TB?

answer: American Thoracic Society

text: American Thoracic Society


text: In 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England. By 1995, passenger boats incorporating PV panels began appearing and are now used extensively. In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007. There were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: practical

text: solar

text: boat

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: England

text: By

text: passenger

text: boats

text: incorporating

text: PV

text: panels

text: began

text: appearing

text: and

text: are

text: now

text: used

text: extensively

text: In

text: Kenichi

text: Horie

text: made

text: the

text: first

text: solar

text: powered

text: crossing

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: catamaran

text: made

text: the

text: first

text: solar

text: powered

text: crossing

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: There

text: were

text: plans

text: to

text: circumnavigate

text: the

text: globe

text: in

question: The first practical solar boat was constructed in what year?

answer: 1975

question: When was the first solar powered boat made?

answer: 1975

question: Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?

answer: Kenichi Horie

text: Kenichi Horie

question: What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean?

answer: the sun21 catamaran

text: the sun21 catamaran


text: Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Wind

text: instruments

text: became

text: more

text: refined

text: in

text: the

text: Classical

text: era

text: While

text: double

text: reeded

text: instruments

text: like

text: the

text: oboe

text: and

text: bassoon

text: became

text: somewhat

text: standardized

text: in

text: the

text: Baroque

text: the

text: clarinet

text: family

text: of

text: single

text: reeds

text: was

text: not

text: widely

text: used

text: until

text: Mozart

text: expanded

text: its

text: role

text: in

text: orchestral

text: chamber

text: and

text: concerto

text: settings

question: What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?

answer: Wind

text: Wind

question: What is the single reed family called?

answer: the clarinet family

text: the clarinet family

question: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?

answer: double reeded

text: double reeded

question: Who expanded the single reeds role?

answer: Mozart

text: Mozart


text: The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: also

text: has

text: large

text: untapped

text: base

text: metal

text: gold

text: iron

text: and

text: phosphate

text: deposits

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Organization

text: for

text: the

text: Harmonization

text: of

text: Business

text: Law

text: in

text: Africa

text: OHADA

text: The

text: Congolese

text: government

text: signed

text: an

text: agreement

text: in

text: to

text: lease

text: hectares

text: of

text: land

text: to

text: South

text: African

text: farmers

text: to

text: reduce

text: its

text: dependence

text: on

text: imports

question: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?

answer: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate

text: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate

question: What business organization is the Congo a member of?

answer: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa

text: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa

question: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?

answer: 200,000 hectares

text: 200,000 hectares


text: At about the same time, Charles Coffin, leading the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, acquired a number of competitors and gained access to their key patents. General Electric was formed through the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, with the support of Drexel, Morgan & Co. Both plants continue to operate under the GE banner to this day. The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant used as headquarters for many years thereafter. Around the same time, General Electric's Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed.

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: At

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Charles

text: Coffin

text: leading

text: the

text: Thomson

text: Houston

text: Electric

text: Company

text: acquired

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: competitors

text: and

text: gained

text: access

text: to

text: their

text: key

text: patents

text: General

text: Electric

text: was

text: formed

text: through

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Edison

text: General

text: Electric

text: Company

text: of

text: Schenectady

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Thomson

text: Houston

text: Electric

text: Company

text: of

text: Lynn

text: Massachusetts

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: Drexel

text: Morgan

text: Co.

text: Both

text: plants

text: continue

text: to

text: operate

text: under

text: the

text: GE

text: banner

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: The

text: company

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: with

text: the

text: Schenectady

text: plant

text: used

text: as

text: headquarters

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: thereafter

text: Around

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: General

text: Electric

text: 's

text: Canadian

text: counterpart

text: Canadian

text: General

text: Electric

text: was

text: formed

question: In what year was General Electric formed?

answer: 1892

question: In which US state was GE incorporated?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: Which city was the home of GE's first headquarters?

answer: Schenectady

text: Schenectady

question: Who led the Thomson-Houston Electric Company when GE was formed?

answer: Charles Coffin

text: Charles Coffin

question: Where was the Thomson-Houston Electric Company based?

answer: Lynn, Massachusetts

text: Lynn, Massachusetts


text: The architectural history of Estonia mainly reflects its contemporary development in northern Europe. Worth mentioning is especially the architectural ensemble that makes out the medieval old town of Tallinn, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In addition, the country has several unique, more or less preserved hill forts dating from pre-Christian times, a large number of still intact medieval castles and churches, while the countryside is still shaped by the presence of a vast number of manor houses from earlier centuries.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: architectural

text: history

text: of

text: Estonia

text: mainly

text: reflects

text: its

text: contemporary

text: development

text: in

text: northern

text: Europe

text: Worth

text: mentioning

text: is

text: especially

text: the

text: architectural

text: ensemble

text: that

text: makes

text: out

text: the

text: medieval

text: old

text: town

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: which

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: List

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: several

text: unique

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: preserved

text: hill

text: forts

text: dating

text: from

text: pre

text: Christian

text: times

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: still

text: intact

text: medieval

text: castles

text: and

text: churches

text: while

text: the

text: countryside

text: is

text: still

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: vast

text: number

text: of

text: manor

text: houses

text: from

text: earlier

text: centuries

question: Which medieval town is on the UNESCO World Heritage List?

answer: Tallinn

text: Tallinn

question: When were the preserved hill forts in Estonia built?

answer: pre-Christian times

text: pre-Christian times

question: What institutional structures still exist from medieval times?

answer: castles and churches

text: castles and churches


text: Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: Somerset

text: has

text: a

text: temperate

text: climate

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: wetter

text: and

text: milder

text: than

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: annual

text: mean

text: temperature

text: is

text: approximately

text: C

text: F

text: Seasonal

text: temperature

text: variation

text: is

text: less

text: extreme

text: than

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: adjacent

text: sea

text: temperatures

text: The

text: summer

text: months

text: of

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: are

text: the

text: warmest

text: with

text: mean

text: daily

text: maxima

text: of

text: approximately

text: C

text: F

text: In

text: winter

text: mean

text: minimum

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: or

text: C

text: F

text: are

text: common

text: In

text: the

text: summer

text: the

text: Azores

text: high

text: pressure

text: affects

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: England

text: but

text: convective

text: cloud

text: sometimes

text: forms

text: inland

text: reducing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: hours

text: of

text: sunshine

text: Annual

text: sunshine

text: rates

text: are

text: slightly

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: regional

text: average

text: of

text: hours

text: In

text: December

text: there

text: were

text: days

text: without

text: sun

text: recorded

text: at

text: Yeovilton

text: Most

text: the

text: rainfall

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: Atlantic

text: depressions

text: or

text: by

text: convection

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: rainfall

text: in

text: autumn

text: and

text: winter

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: depressions

text: which

text: is

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: most

text: active

text: In

text: summer

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: rainfall

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: sun

text: heating

text: the

text: ground

text: leading

text: to

text: convection

text: and

text: to

text: showers

text: and

text: thunderstorms

text: Average

text: rainfall

text: is

text: around

text: mm

text: in

text: About

text: days

text: of

text: snowfall

text: is

text: typical

text: November

text: to

text: March

text: have

text: the

text: highest

text: mean

text: wind

text: speeds

text: and

text: June

text: to

text: August

text: the

text: lightest

text: winds

text: The

text: predominant

text: wind

text: direction

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: west

question: What is the somerset climate like

answer: a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country

text: a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country

question: The annual sunshine rate of somerset

answer: Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours

text: Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours

question: How many days of snow on average

answer: About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical

text: About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical

question: The average rainfall level of somerset

answer: Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in)

text: Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in)


text: Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world. Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence, it is today, due to the Telugu film industry, the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Relics

text: of

text: Qutb

text: Shahi

text: and

text: Nizam

text: rule

text: remain

text: visible

text: today

text: with

text: the

text: Charminar

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: Quli

text: Qutb

text: Shah

text: coming

text: to

text: symbolise

text: Hyderabad

text: Golconda

text: fort

text: is

text: another

text: major

text: landmark

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: Mughlai

text: culture

text: is

text: also

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: distinctive

text: cuisine

text: which

text: includes

text: Hyderabadi

text: biryani

text: and

text: Hyderabadi

text: haleem

text: The

text: Qutb

text: Shahis

text: and

text: Nizams

text: established

text: Hyderabad

text: as

text: a

text: cultural

text: hub

text: attracting

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: from

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Hyderabad

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: foremost

text: centre

text: of

text: culture

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: artists

text: migrating

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: While

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: losing

text: its

text: cultural

text: pre

text: eminence

text: it

text: is

text: today

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Telugu

text: film

text: industry

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: producer

text: of

text: motion

text: pictures

question: Which individual commissioned Chaminar?

answer: Muhammad Quli Qutb

text: Muhammad Quli Qutb

question: When did Hyderabad become important culturally in India?

answer: the mid-19th century

text: the mid-19th century

question: Which two groups had an influence in making Hyderabad a cultural center?

answer: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams

text: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams

question: What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?

answer: Mughlai culture

text: Mughlai culture

question: Hyderabad has India's second biggest film production industry, what is it called?

answer: Telugu film industry

text: Telugu film industry


text: Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: Modern

text: navies

text: that

text: operate

text: such

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: treat

text: them

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: ship

text: of

text: the

text: fleet

text: a

text: role

text: previously

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: battleship

text: This

text: change

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: air

text: power

text: becoming

text: a

text: significant

text: factor

text: in

text: warfare

text: driven

text: by

text: the

text: superior

text: range

text: flexibility

text: and

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: carrier

text: launched

text: aircraft

text: Following

text: the

text: war

text: carrier

text: operations

text: continued

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: importance

text: Supercarriers

text: displacing

text: tonnes

text: or

text: greater

text: have

text: become

text: the

text: pinnacle

text: of

text: carrier

text: development

text: Some

text: are

text: powered

text: by

text: nuclear

text: reactors

text: and

text: form

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: a

text: fleet

text: designed

text: to

text: operate

text: far

text: from

text: home

text: Amphibious

text: assault

text: ships

text: such

text: as

text: USS

text: Tarawa

text: and

text: HMS

text: Ocean

text: serve

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: carrying

text: and

text: landing

text: Marines

text: and

text: operate

text: a

text: large

text: contingent

text: of

text: helicopters

text: for

text: that

text: purpose

text: Also

text: known

text: as

text: commando

text: carriers

text: or

text: helicopter

text: carriers

text: many

text: have

text: the

text: capability

text: to

text: operate

text: VSTOL

text: aircraft

question: Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet?

answer: the battleship

text: the battleship

question: When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?

answer: Supercarriers

text: Supercarriers

question: Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines?

answer: Amphibious assault ships

text: Amphibious assault ships

question: What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines?

answer: helicopters

text: helicopters


text: The studies also show that the Sephardic Bnei Anusim (descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism) of Iberia (estimated at about 19.8% of modern Iberia) and Ibero-America (estimated at least 10% of modern Ibero-America) have Sephardic Jewish origins within the last few centuries, while the Bene Israel and Cochin Jews of India, Beta Israel of Ethiopia, and a portion of the Lemba people of Southern Africa, despite more closely resembling the local populations of their native countries, also have some more remote ancient Jewish descent.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: The

text: studies

text: also

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: Sephardic

text: Bnei

text: Anusim

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: anusim

text: forced

text: converts

text: to

text: Catholicism

text: of

text: Iberia

text: estimated

text: at

text: about

text: of

text: modern

text: Iberia

text: and

text: Ibero

text: America

text: estimated

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: modern

text: Ibero

text: America

text: have

text: Sephardic

text: Jewish

text: origins

text: within

text: the

text: last

text: few

text: centuries

text: while

text: the

text: Bene

text: Israel

text: and

text: Cochin

text: Jews

text: of

text: India

text: Beta

text: Israel

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: and

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Lemba

text: people

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: despite

text: more

text: closely

text: resembling

text: the

text: local

text: populations

text: of

text: their

text: native

text: countries

text: also

text: have

text: some

text: more

text: remote

text: ancient

text: Jewish

text: descent

question: What are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?

answer: descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism

text: descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism

question: Who are descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism?

answer: Sephardic Bnei Anusim

text: Sephardic Bnei Anusim

question: What percentage of Iberians are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?

answer: 19.8%


text: Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard (July 17, 1946 – May 20, 1971), over Arnold. His favoritism was "strong and blatant," which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child. Schwarzenegger has said his father had "no patience for listening or understanding your problems." Schwarzenegger had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the Simon Wiesenthal Center to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of Gustav's being involved in atrocities, despite Gustav's membership in the Nazi Party and SA. Schwarzenegger's father's background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign. At school, Schwarzenegger was apparently in the middle but stood out for his "cheerful, good-humored and exuberant" character. Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Gustav

text: had

text: a

text: preference

text: for

text: his

text: elder

text: son

text: Meinhard

text: July

text: May

text: over

text: Arnold

text: His

text: favoritism

text: was

text: strong

text: and

text: blatant

text: which

text: stemmed

text: from

text: unfounded

text: suspicion

text: that

text: Arnold

text: was

text: not

text: his

text: biological

text: child

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: said

text: his

text: father

text: had

text: no

text: patience

text: for

text: listening

text: or

text: understanding

text: your

text: problems

text: Schwarzenegger

text: had

text: a

text: good

text: relationship

text: with

text: his

text: mother

text: and

text: kept

text: in

text: touch

text: with

text: her

text: until

text: her

text: death

text: In

text: later

text: life

text: Schwarzenegger

text: commissioned

text: the

text: Simon

text: Wiesenthal

text: Center

text: to

text: research

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: wartime

text: record

text: which

text: came

text: up

text: with

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: Gustav

text: 's

text: being

text: involved

text: in

text: atrocities

text: despite

text: Gustav

text: 's

text: membership

text: in

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: and

text: SA

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: father

text: 's

text: background

text: received

text: wide

text: press

text: attention

text: during

text: the

text: California

text: recall

text: campaign

text: At

text: school

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: apparently

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: but

text: stood

text: out

text: for

text: his

text: cheerful

text: good

text: humored

text: and

text: exuberant

text: character

text: Money

text: was

text: a

text: problem

text: in

text: their

text: household

text: Schwarzenegger

text: recalled

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highlights

text: of

text: his

text: youth

text: was

text: when

text: the

text: family

text: bought

text: a

text: refrigerator

question: What was Schwarzenegger's older brother's name?

answer: Meinhard

text: Meinhard

question: What appliance did Schwarzenegger's family buy that he called a highlight of his youth?

answer: refrigerator

text: refrigerator


text: The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame. A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence. Upon entering her office, a Vestal was emancipated from her father's authority. In archaic Roman society, these priestesses were the only women not required to be under the legal guardianship of a man, instead answering directly to the Pontifex Maximus.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: Vestals

text: were

text: a

text: public

text: priesthood

text: of

text: six

text: women

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: Vesta

text: goddess

text: of

text: the

text: hearth

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: vital

text: flame

text: A

text: girl

text: chosen

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Vestal

text: achieved

text: unique

text: religious

text: distinction

text: public

text: status

text: and

text: privileges

text: and

text: could

text: exercise

text: considerable

text: political

text: influence

text: Upon

text: entering

text: her

text: office

text: a

text: Vestal

text: was

text: emancipated

text: from

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: authority

text: In

text: archaic

text: Roman

text: society

text: these

text: priestesses

text: were

text: the

text: only

text: women

text: not

text: required

text: to

text: be

text: under

text: the

text: legal

text: guardianship

text: of

text: a

text: man

text: instead

text: answering

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: Pontifex

text: Maximus

question: How many Vestals were there in Rome?

answer: six

text: six

question: Of what was Vesta the goddess?

answer: hearth

text: hearth

question: Of what were the Vestals protectors?

answer: vital flame

text: vital flame

question: What was the benefit of being a Vestal?

answer: political influence

text: political influence

question: To whom did the Vestal answer?

answer: Pontifex Maximus

text: Pontifex Maximus


text: Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: was

text: the

text: sole

text: established

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: Reformation

text: changed

text: this

text: drastically

text: In

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: challenged

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: as

text: he

text: saw

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: corruption

text: of

text: Christian

text: faith

text: Through

text: this

text: he

text: altered

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: European

text: and

text: world

text: history

text: and

text: established

text: Protestantism

text: The

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: destructive

text: conflicts

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: fought

text: primarily

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Germany

text: and

text: at

text: various

text: points

text: involved

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Europe

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: fought

text: largely

text: as

text: a

text: religious

text: conflict

text: between

text: Protestants

text: and

text: Catholics

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?

answer: 1517

question: During what years was the thirty year war?

answer: 1618–1648

question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?

answer: Roman Catholicism

text: Roman Catholicism

question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Who was the thirty year war between?

answer: Protestants and Catholics

text: Protestants and Catholics


text: The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European balance of power established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon III, then the emperor of France, demanded compensations in Belgium and on the left bank of the Rhine to secure France's strategic position, which the Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, flatly refused. Prussia then turned its attention towards the south of Germany, where it sought to incorporate the southern German kingdoms, Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt, into a unified Prussia-dominated Germany. France was strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states, which would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: causes

text: of

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: are

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: events

text: surrounding

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Prussian

text: War

text: of

text: Prussia

text: had

text: annexed

text: numerous

text: territories

text: and

text: formed

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

text: This

text: new

text: power

text: destabilized

text: the

text: European

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: then

text: the

text: emperor

text: of

text: France

text: demanded

text: compensations

text: in

text: Belgium

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: secure

text: France

text: 's

text: strategic

text: position

text: which

text: the

text: Prussian

text: chancellor

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: flatly

text: refused

text: Prussia

text: then

text: turned

text: its

text: attention

text: towards

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Germany

text: where

text: it

text: sought

text: to

text: incorporate

text: the

text: southern

text: German

text: kingdoms

text: Bavaria

text: Württemberg

text: Baden

text: and

text: Hesse

text: Darmstadt

text: into

text: a

text: unified

text: Prussia

text: dominated

text: Germany

text: France

text: was

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: to

text: any

text: further

text: alliance

text: of

text: German

text: states

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: significantly

text: strengthened

text: the

text: Prussian

text: military

question: What are the causes of the Franco-Prussian War deeply rooted in?

answer: the unification of Germany

text: the unification of Germany

question: In the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian war, formed what group?

answer: North German Confederation

text: North German Confederation

question: What was the effect of that new group on the European balance of power?

answer: new power destabilized

text: new power destabilized

question: What established the European balance of power in 1815?

answer: the Congress of Vienna

text: the Congress of Vienna

question: As Prussia sought to incorporated several German kingdoms, what stance did France assume?

answer: strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states

text: strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states


text: In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: the

text: Dell

text: expanded

text: beyond

text: desktop

text: computers

text: and

text: laptops

text: by

text: selling

text: servers

text: starting

text: with

text: low

text: end

text: servers

text: The

text: major

text: three

text: providers

text: of

text: servers

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: IBM

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: and

text: Compaq

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: proprietary

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: IBM

text: 's

text: microprocessors

text: or

text: various

text: proprietary

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: Unix

text: operating

text: system

text: Dell

text: 's

text: new

text: PowerEdge

text: servers

text: did

text: not

text: require

text: a

text: major

text: investment

text: in

text: proprietary

text: technologies

text: as

text: they

text: ran

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: NT

text: on

text: Intel

text: chips

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: built

text: cheaper

text: than

text: its

text: competitors

text: Consequently

text: Dell

text: 's

text: enterprise

text: revenues

text: almost

text: nonexistent

text: in

text: accounted

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: total

text: intake

text: by

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: Dell

text: passed

text: Compaq

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: provider

text: of

text: Intel

text: based

text: servers

text: with

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: Dell

text: 's

text: first

text: acquisition

text: occurred

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: ConvergeNet

text: Technologies

text: for

text: million

text: after

text: Dell

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: develop

text: an

text: enterprise

text: storage

text: system

text: in

text: house

text: ConvergeNet

text: 's

text: elegant

text: but

text: complex

text: technology

text: did

text: not

text: fit

text: in

text: with

text: Dell

text: 's

text: commodity

text: producer

text: business

text: model

text: forcing

text: Dell

text: to

text: write

text: down

text: the

text: entire

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: acquisition

question: What decade did Dell begin to sell things other than PCs?

answer: 1990s

question: IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the major providers of what?

answer: servers

text: servers

question: What servers did Dell create that they tried to break into the market with?

answer: PowerEdge

text: PowerEdge

question: What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its profit?

answer: 1998

question: Which company did Dell exceed as a server provider?

answer: Compaq

text: Compaq


text: The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term pyx refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: Pyx

text: Chamber

text: formed

text: the

text: undercroft

text: of

text: the

text: monks

text: dormitory

text: It

text: dates

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: monastic

text: and

text: royal

text: treasury

text: The

text: outer

text: walls

text: and

text: circular

text: piers

text: are

text: of

text: century

text: date

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: capitals

text: were

text: enriched

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: stone

text: altar

text: added

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: term

text: pyx

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: boxwood

text: chest

text: in

text: which

text: coins

text: were

text: held

text: and

text: presented

text: to

text: a

text: jury

text: during

text: the

text: Trial

text: of

text: the

text: Pyx

text: in

text: which

text: newly

text: minted

text: coins

text: were

text: presented

text: to

text: ensure

text: they

text: conformed

text: to

text: the

text: required

text: standards

question: What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?

answer: The Pyx Chamber

text: The Pyx Chamber

question: When does the Pyx Chamber date to?

answer: the late 11th century

text: the late 11th century

question: When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?

answer: the Trial of the Pyx

text: the Trial of the Pyx


text: Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire of more than 120,000 characters covering 129 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. The standard consists of a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding method and set of standard character encodings, a set of reference data files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). As of June 2015[update], the most recent version is Unicode 8.0. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Unicode

text: is

text: a

text: computing

text: industry

text: standard

text: for

text: the

text: consistent

text: encoding

text: representation

text: and

text: handling

text: of

text: text

text: expressed

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: writing

text: systems

text: Developed

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Universal

text: Coded

text: Character

text: Set

text: UCS

text: standard

text: and

text: published

text: as

text: The

text: Unicode

text: Standard

text: the

text: latest

text: version

text: of

text: Unicode

text: contains

text: a

text: repertoire

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: characters

text: covering

text: modern

text: and

text: historic

text: scripts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: multiple

text: symbol

text: sets

text: The

text: standard

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: code

text: charts

text: for

text: visual

text: reference

text: an

text: encoding

text: method

text: and

text: set

text: of

text: standard

text: character

text: encodings

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: reference

text: data

text: files

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: related

text: items

text: such

text: as

text: character

text: properties

text: rules

text: for

text: normalization

text: decomposition

text: collation

text: rendering

text: and

text: bidirectional

text: display

text: order

text: for

text: the

text: correct

text: display

text: of

text: text

text: containing

text: both

text: right

text: to

text: left

text: scripts

text: such

text: as

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: left

text: to

text: right

text: scripts

text: As

text: of

text: June

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: version

text: is

text: Unicode

text: The

text: standard

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: Unicode

text: Consortium

question: What was Unicode published as?

answer: The Unicode Standard

text: The Unicode Standard

question: What was unicode developed in conjunction with?

answer: Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)

text: Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)

question: What is the most recent version of Unicode?

answer: Unicode 8.0

text: Unicode 8.0

question: Who maintains the Unicode Standard?

answer: Unicode Consortium

text: Unicode Consortium

question: Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire?

answer: 120,000 characters

text: 120,000 characters