text: The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: The

text: century

text: English

text: art

text: critic

text: John

text: Ruskin

text: in

text: his

text: Seven

text: Lamps

text: of

text: Architecture

text: published

text: was

text: much

text: narrower

text: in

text: his

text: view

text: of

text: what

text: constituted

text: architecture

text: Architecture

text: was

text: the

text: art

text: which

text: so

text: disposes

text: and

text: adorns

text: the

text: edifices

text: raised

text: by

text: men

text: that

text: the

text: sight

text: of

text: them

text: contributes

text: to

text: his

text: mental

text: health

text: power

text: and

text: pleasure

question: Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?

answer: John Ruskin

text: John Ruskin

question: Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?

answer: John Ruskin

text: John Ruskin

question: What was Ruskin's career?

answer: art critic

text: art critic

question: When was  Seven Lamps of Architecture published?

answer: 1849

question: What, according to Ruskin, should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer?

answer: to his mental health, power, and pleasure

text: to his mental health, power, and pleasure


text: Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (abv), although it may vary between 0.5% and 20%, with some breweries creating examples of 40% abv and above. Beer forms part of the culture of beer-drinking nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, and pub games such as bar billiards.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Beer

text: is

text: sold

text: in

text: bottles

text: and

text: cans

text: it

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: available

text: on

text: draught

text: particularly

text: in

text: pubs

text: and

text: bars

text: The

text: brewing

text: industry

text: is

text: a

text: global

text: business

text: consisting

text: of

text: several

text: dominant

text: multinational

text: companies

text: and

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: smaller

text: producers

text: ranging

text: from

text: brewpubs

text: to

text: regional

text: breweries

text: The

text: strength

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: usually

text: around

text: to

text: alcohol

text: by

text: volume

text: abv

text: although

text: it

text: may

text: vary

text: between

text: and

text: with

text: some

text: breweries

text: creating

text: examples

text: of

text: abv

text: and

text: above

text: Beer

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: beer

text: drinking

text: nations

text: and

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: social

text: traditions

text: such

text: as

text: beer

text: festivals

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: rich

text: pub

text: culture

text: involving

text: activities

text: like

text: pub

text: crawling

text: and

text: pub

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: bar

text: billiards

question: What types of containers is beer generally sold in?

answer: bottles and cans

text: bottles and cans

question: In addition to bottles and cans, How is beer often sold in bars?

answer: draught

text: draught

question: In general, what is usually the alcohol content in most beer?

answer: around 4% to 6%

text: around 4% to 6%

question: What festivals are a social tradition in many beer drinking countries?

answer: beer festivals,

text: beer festivals,

question: What is a pub game that is popular in many beer drinking nations?

answer: bar billiards

text: bar billiards


text: During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: During

text: the

text: apartheid

text: era

text: those

text: classed

text: as

text: Coloured

text: were

text: oppressed

text: and

text: discriminated

text: against

text: But

text: they

text: had

text: limited

text: rights

text: and

text: overall

text: had

text: slightly

text: better

text: socioeconomic

text: conditions

text: than

text: those

text: classed

text: as

text: Black

text: The

text: government

text: required

text: that

text: Blacks

text: and

text: Coloureds

text: live

text: in

text: areas

text: separate

text: from

text: Whites

text: creating

text: large

text: townships

text: located

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: cities

text: as

text: areas

text: for

text: Blacks

question: Who was oppressed and discriminated against?

answer: those classed as "Coloured"

text: those classed as "Coloured"

question: What era did this discrimination take place?

answer: During the apartheid era

text: During the apartheid era

question: Who were "Coloured" people above in the class system?

answer: those classed as "Black"

text: those classed as "Black"

question: Where were the "black" areas?

answer: large townships located away from the cities

text: large townships located away from the cities


text: In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistance from the Peacebuilding Fund. Three priority areas were identified: first, the reform of the security sector; second, the promotion of good governance and the rule of law; and third, the revitalization of communities affected by conflicts. On 12 June 2008, the Central African Republic requested assistance from the UN Peacebuilding Commission, which was set up in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict avoid devolving back into war or chaos.

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: In

text: due

text: to

text: ongoing

text: violence

text: over

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: northwest

text: were

text: at

text: risk

text: of

text: starvation

text: but

text: this

text: was

text: averted

text: due

text: to

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Nations.[citation

text: needed

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: UN

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Ban

text: Ki

text: Moon

text: declared

text: that

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: was

text: eligible

text: to

text: receive

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: Peacebuilding

text: Fund

text: Three

text: priority

text: areas

text: were

text: identified

text: first

text: the

text: reform

text: of

text: the

text: security

text: sector

text: second

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: good

text: governance

text: and

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: third

text: the

text: revitalization

text: of

text: communities

text: affected

text: by

text: conflicts

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: requested

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: UN

text: Peacebuilding

text: Commission

text: which

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: to

text: help

text: countries

text: emerging

text: from

text: conflict

text: avoid

text: devolving

text: back

text: into

text: war

text: or

text: chaos

question: Due to fighting, what threatened people in the NorthWest?

answer: risk of starvation

text: risk of starvation

question: Who assisted in saving the people from starvation?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations

question: Who headed the UN effort to rebuild CAR?

answer: Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon

text: Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon

question: When did CAR request assistance directly to prevent war?

answer: 12 June 2008

text: 12 June 2008

question: Who assisted CAR in avoiding war?

answer: UN Peacebuilding Commission

text: UN Peacebuilding Commission


text: USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol. Converters also exist that connect PS/2 keyboards and mice (usually one of each) to a USB port. These devices present two HID endpoints to the system and use a microcontroller to perform bidirectional data translation between the two standards.

title: USB

title: USB

text: USB

text: mice

text: and

text: keyboards

text: can

text: usually

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: older

text: computers

text: that

text: have

text: connectors

text: with

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: USB

text: to

text: adapter

text: For

text: mice

text: and

text: keyboards

text: with

text: dual

text: protocol

text: support

text: an

text: adaptor

text: that

text: contains

text: no

text: logic

text: circuitry

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: the

text: hardware

text: in

text: the

text: USB

text: keyboard

text: or

text: mouse

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: detect

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: USB

text: or

text: port

text: and

text: communicate

text: using

text: the

text: appropriate

text: protocol

text: Converters

text: also

text: exist

text: that

text: connect

text: keyboards

text: and

text: mice

text: usually

text: one

text: of

text: each

text: to

text: a

text: USB

text: port

text: These

text: devices

text: present

text: two

text: HID

text: endpoints

text: to

text: the

text: system

text: and

text: use

text: a

text: microcontroller

text: to

text: perform

text: bidirectional

text: data

text: translation

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: standards

question: What do older computers have to have in order for USB mice and keyboards to be used?

answer: PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter

text: PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter

question: What is the hardware designed to detect in USB mice and keyboards?

answer: whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port

text: whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port

question: USB keyboards and mice may communicate using what?

answer: appropriate protocol

text: appropriate protocol

question: What connects PS/2 keyboards and mice to a USB port?

answer: Converters

text: Converters

question: What performs bidirectional data translation between two standards?

answer: a microcontroller

text: a microcontroller


text: Numerous immigrants have come as merchants and become a major part of the business community, including Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals. There is a high percentage of interracial marriage between ethnic Liberians and the Lebanese, resulting in a significant mixed-race population especially in and around Monrovia. A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country.[better source needed] The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to people of Black African descent.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: Numerous

text: immigrants

text: have

text: come

text: as

text: merchants

text: and

text: become

text: a

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: business

text: community

text: including

text: Lebanese

text: Indians

text: and

text: other

text: West

text: African

text: nationals

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: interracial

text: marriage

text: between

text: ethnic

text: Liberians

text: and

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: significant

text: mixed

text: race

text: population

text: especially

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Monrovia

text: A

text: small

text: minority

text: of

text: Liberians

text: of

text: European

text: descent

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: country.[better

text: source

text: needed

text: The

text: Liberian

text: constitution

text: restricts

text: citizenship

text: to

text: people

text: of

text: Black

text: African

text: descent

question: There is high percentage of interracial marriage between what two groups?

answer: Liberians and the Lebanese

text: Liberians and the Lebanese

question: The interracial couples in Liberia result in what?

answer: a significant mixed-race population

text: a significant mixed-race population

question: Where do Liberians of European decent live?

answer: in the country

text: in the country

question: The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship of whom?

answer: Black African descent.

text: Black African descent.


text: The MDNA Tour, which further promoted the album, began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel. The tour has received positive critical reception, but featured controversial subjects such as violence, firearms, human rights, nudity and politics. Lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour. It was a box office success with a gross of $305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows, and became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time. At the 2013 Billboard Music Awards, Madonna won three trophies for Top Touring Artist, Top Dance Artist and Top Dance Album. Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by Forbes, earning an estimated $125 million, due to the success of the tour.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: The

text: MDNA

text: Tour

text: which

text: further

text: promoted

text: the

text: album

text: began

text: in

text: May

text: in

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: Israel

text: The

text: tour

text: has

text: received

text: positive

text: critical

text: reception

text: but

text: featured

text: controversial

text: subjects

text: such

text: as

text: violence

text: firearms

text: human

text: rights

text: nudity

text: and

text: politics

text: Lawsuits

text: threatened

text: against

text: Madonna

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: engaged

text: from

text: the

text: tour

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: box

text: office

text: success

text: with

text: a

text: gross

text: of

text: million

text: from

text: sold

text: out

text: shows

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: tour

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: tenth

text: highest

text: grossing

text: tour

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: At

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Music

text: Awards

text: Madonna

text: won

text: three

text: trophies

text: for

text: Top

text: Touring

text: Artist

text: Top

text: Dance

text: Artist

text: and

text: Top

text: Dance

text: Album

text: Madonna

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: top

text: earning

text: celebrity

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: by

text: Forbes

text: earning

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: tour

question: Where did the MDNA Tour start?

answer: Tel Aviv, Israel

text: Tel Aviv, Israel

question: When did MDNA Tour begin?

answer: May 2012

text: May 2012

question: How much did the Tour grossed?

answer: $305.2 million

text: $305.2 million

question: How many shows were sold out?

answer: 88

question: Who named Madonna as the top-earning celebrity of the year?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes


text: Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious. Some ties took as many as six matches to settle; in their 1975 campaign, Fulham played a total of 12 games over six rounds, which remains the most games played by a team to reach a final. Replays were traditionally played three or four days after the original game, but from 1991–92 they were staged at least 10 days later on police advice. This led to penalty shoot-outs being introduced, the first of which came on 26 November 1991 when Rotherham United eliminated Scunthorpe United.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: Until

text: the

text: further

text: replays

text: would

text: be

text: played

text: until

text: one

text: team

text: was

text: victorious

text: Some

text: ties

text: took

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: six

text: matches

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: their

text: campaign

text: Fulham

text: played

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: games

text: over

text: six

text: rounds

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: most

text: games

text: played

text: by

text: a

text: team

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: final

text: Replays

text: were

text: traditionally

text: played

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: days

text: after

text: the

text: original

text: game

text: but

text: from

text: they

text: were

text: staged

text: at

text: least

text: days

text: later

text: on

text: police

text: advice

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: penalty

text: shoot

text: outs

text: being

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: which

text: came

text: on

text: November

text: when

text: Rotherham

text: United

text: eliminated

text: Scunthorpe

text: United

question: Do clubs replay each other?

answer: Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious.

text: Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious.

question: What is the most games played a team to reach the final?

answer: 12 games over six rounds, which remains the most games played by a team to reach a final

text: 12 games over six rounds, which remains the most games played by a team to reach a final

question: When are replays played?

answer: . Replays were traditionally played three or four days after the original game, but from 1991–92 they were staged at least 10 days later on police advice.

text: . Replays were traditionally played three or four days after the original game, but from 1991–92 they were staged at least 10 days later on police advice.

question: When was the first penalty kick?

answer: penalty shoot-outs being introduced, the first of which came on 26 November 1991

text: penalty shoot-outs being introduced, the first of which came on 26 November 1991

question: What clubs were playing during the first penalty?

answer: Rotherham United eliminated Scunthorpe United.

text: Rotherham United eliminated Scunthorpe United.


text: Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and political capacity. Kenneth Waltz, the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations, uses a set of five criteria to determine great power: population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength. These expanded criteria can be divided into three heads: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Early

text: writings

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: tended

text: to

text: judge

text: states

text: by

text: the

text: realist

text: criterion

text: as

text: expressed

text: by

text: the

text: historian

text: A.

text: J.

text: P.

text: Taylor

text: when

text: he

text: noted

text: that

text: The

text: test

text: of

text: a

text: great

text: power

text: is

text: the

text: test

text: of

text: strength

text: for

text: war

text: Later

text: writers

text: have

text: expanded

text: this

text: test

text: attempting

text: to

text: define

text: power

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: overall

text: military

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: capacity

text: Kenneth

text: Waltz

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: neorealist

text: theory

text: of

text: international

text: relations

text: uses

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: five

text: criteria

text: to

text: determine

text: great

text: power

text: population

text: and

text: territory

text: resource

text: endowment

text: economic

text: capability

text: political

text: stability

text: and

text: competence

text: and

text: military

text: strength

text: These

text: expanded

text: criteria

text: can

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: heads

text: power

text: capabilities

text: spatial

text: aspects

text: and

text: status

question: What one criteria was used in early times to judge a great power's status?

answer: strength for war

text: strength for war

question: Besides military, what two other capacities were used to describe great powers in later times?

answer: economic, and political

text: economic, and political

question: Who is the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?

answer: Kenneth Waltz

text: Kenneth Waltz

question: How many criteria are used to judge a great power in the neorealist theory?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who wrote, "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."?

answer: A. J. P. Taylor

text: A. J. P. Taylor

question: What 5 criteria did neorealist use to determine great powers?

answer: population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength

text: population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength

question: Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?

answer: Kenneth Waltz

text: Kenneth Waltz

question: What 3 areas can summarize the great power determination?

answer: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status

text: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status


text: ^7 A census category recognized as an ethnic group. Most Slavic Muslims (especially in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia) now opt for Bosniak ethnicity, but some still use the "Muslim" designation. Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably. However, a small number of people within Bosnia and Herzegovina declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: A

text: census

text: category

text: recognized

text: as

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: Most

text: Slavic

text: Muslims

text: especially

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: Croatia

text: Montenegro

text: and

text: Serbia

text: now

text: opt

text: for

text: Bosniak

text: ethnicity

text: but

text: some

text: still

text: use

text: the

text: Muslim

text: designation

text: Bosniak

text: and

text: Muslim

text: are

text: considered

text: two

text: ethnonyms

text: for

text: a

text: single

text: ethnicity

text: and

text: the

text: terms

text: may

text: even

text: be

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: However

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: within

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: declare

text: themselves

text: Bosniak

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: Muslim

text: by

text: faith

question: Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?

answer: Bosniak

text: Bosniak

question: What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?

answer: Bosniak and Muslim

text: Bosniak and Muslim

question: A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?

answer: Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina


text: Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary non-muscadine red wine contains between 0.2 and 5.8 mg/L, depending on the grape variety, because it is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to absorb the resveratrol. By contrast, a white wine contains lower phenolic contents because it is fermented after removal of skins.

title: Grape

title: Grape

text: Red

text: wine

text: may

text: offer

text: health

text: benefits

text: more

text: so

text: than

text: white

text: because

text: potentially

text: beneficial

text: compounds

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: grape

text: skin

text: and

text: only

text: red

text: wine

text: is

text: fermented

text: with

text: skins

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: fermentation

text: time

text: a

text: wine

text: spends

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: grape

text: skins

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: determinant

text: of

text: its

text: resveratrol

text: content

text: Ordinary

text: non

text: muscadine

text: red

text: wine

text: contains

text: between

text: and

text: mg

text: L

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: grape

text: variety

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: fermented

text: with

text: the

text: skins

text: allowing

text: the

text: wine

text: to

text: absorb

text: the

text: resveratrol

text: By

text: contrast

text: a

text: white

text: wine

text: contains

text: lower

text: phenolic

text: contents

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: fermented

text: after

text: removal

text: of

text: skins

question: What type of wine is fermented with grape skin?

answer: red wine

text: red wine

question: What type of wine is fermented after the grapes skin has been removed?

answer: white wine

text: white wine

question: What substance is absorbed by wine when grapes are fermented with their skins?

answer: resveratrol

text: resveratrol

question: What type of wine is believed to have more health benefits?

answer: Red wine

text: Red wine


text: For collectable or nostalgia purposes, or for the benefit of higher-quality audio playback provided by the 78 rpm speed with newer vinyl records and their lightweight stylus pickups, a small number of 78 rpm records have been released since the major labels ceased production. One of the first attempts at this was in the 1950s, when inventor Ewing Dunbar Nunn founded the label Audiophile Records, which released, in addition to standard 33 1/3 rpm LPs, 78 rpm-mastered albums that were microgroove and pressed on vinyl (as opposed to traditional 78s, with their shellac composition and wider 3-mil sized grooves). This was done by the label mainly to take advantage of the wider audio frequency response that faster speeds like 78 rpm can provide for vinyl microgroove records, hence the label's name (obviously catering to the audiophiles of the 1950s "hi-fi" era, when stereo gear could provide a much wider range of audio than before). Also in the late 1950s, Bell Records released a few budget-priced 7" microgrooved records at 78 rpm.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: For

text: collectable

text: or

text: nostalgia

text: purposes

text: or

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: higher

text: quality

text: audio

text: playback

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: rpm

text: speed

text: with

text: newer

text: vinyl

text: records

text: and

text: their

text: lightweight

text: stylus

text: pickups

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: rpm

text: records

text: have

text: been

text: released

text: since

text: the

text: major

text: labels

text: ceased

text: production

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: attempts

text: at

text: this

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: inventor

text: Ewing

text: Dunbar

text: Nunn

text: founded

text: the

text: label

text: Audiophile

text: Records

text: which

text: released

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: standard

text: rpm

text: LPs

text: rpm

text: mastered

text: albums

text: that

text: were

text: microgroove

text: and

text: pressed

text: on

text: vinyl

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: traditional

text: with

text: their

text: shellac

text: composition

text: and

text: wider

text: sized

text: grooves

text: This

text: was

text: done

text: by

text: the

text: label

text: mainly

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: audio

text: frequency

text: response

text: that

text: faster

text: speeds

text: like

text: rpm

text: can

text: provide

text: for

text: vinyl

text: microgroove

text: records

text: hence

text: the

text: label

text: 's

text: name

text: obviously

text: catering

text: to

text: the

text: audiophiles

text: of

text: the

text: hi

text: fi

text: era

text: when

text: stereo

text: gear

text: could

text: provide

text: a

text: much

text: wider

text: range

text: of

text: audio

text: than

text: before

text: Also

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Bell

text: Records

text: released

text: a

text: few

text: budget

text: priced

text: microgrooved

text: records

text: at

text: rpm

question: What are reasons for recent releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls?

answer: collectable or nostalgia purposes

text: collectable or nostalgia purposes

question: What is a benefit of newer releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls?

answer: higher-quality audio playback

text: higher-quality audio playback

question: Who released 7" microgrooved records in the 1950s?

answer: Bell Records

text: Bell Records

question: What benefits to vinyl have been found in the 1950s?

answer: wider range of audio

text: wider range of audio

question: Who founded Audiophile Records?

answer: Ewing Dunbar Nunn

text: Ewing Dunbar Nunn


text: Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and climates on a limited area of 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi). The population is about 8 million, resulting in an average population density of around 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi). The more mountainous southern half of the country is far more sparsely populated than the northern half. In the largest Canton of Graubünden, lying entirely in the Alps, population density falls to 27 /km² (70 /sq mi).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Extending

text: across

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: in

text: west

text: central

text: Europe

text: Switzerland

text: encompasses

text: a

text: great

text: diversity

text: of

text: landscapes

text: and

text: climates

text: on

text: a

text: limited

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: million

text: resulting

text: in

text: an

text: average

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: around

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: mi

text: The

text: more

text: mountainous

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: far

text: more

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: than

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: In

text: the

text: largest

text: Canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: lying

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: population

text: density

text: falls

text: to

text: /sq

text: mi

question: How large is Switzerland?

answer: 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi)

text: 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi)

question: What is the average population density of Switzerland?

answer: 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi)

text: 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi)

question: What is the population density of the largest Canton of Graubunden, located in the Alps?

answer: 27 /km² (70 /sq mi)

text: 27 /km² (70 /sq mi)

question: Which half of Switzerland is more mountainous?

answer: southern

text: southern

question: Which mountain range does Switzerland extend over on both the north and south sides?

answer: Alps

text: Alps


text: The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as "divs" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3. Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: The

text: primary

text: responsibility

text: for

text: a

text: boy

text: 's

text: studies

text: lies

text: with

text: his

text: House

text: Master

text: but

text: he

text: is

text: assisted

text: by

text: an

text: additional

text: director

text: of

text: studies

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: tutor

text: Classes

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: divs

text: divisions

text: are

text: organised

text: on

text: a

text: School

text: basis

text: the

text: classrooms

text: are

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: houses

text: New

text: school

text: buildings

text: have

text: appeared

text: for

text: teaching

text: purposes

text: every

text: decade

text: or

text: so

text: since

text: New

text: Schools

text: designed

text: by

text: Henry

text: Woodyer

text: and

text: built

text: Despite

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: modern

text: technology

text: the

text: external

text: appearance

text: and

text: locations

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: classrooms

text: have

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

question: With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?

answer: House Master

text: House Master

question: Who designed the learning buildings at Eton?

answer: Henry Woodyer

text: Henry Woodyer

question: Are living houses and classrooms seperate or conjoined?

answer: separate

text: separate

question: What other term is given to the director of studies?

answer: tutor

text: tutor


text: Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Originally

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: laid

text: beneath

text: the

text: waters

text: of

text: Lake

text: Texcoco

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: interconnected

text: salt

text: and

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: The

text: Aztecs

text: built

text: dikes

text: to

text: separate

text: the

text: fresh

text: water

text: used

text: to

text: raise

text: crops

text: in

text: chinampas

text: and

text: to

text: prevent

text: recurrent

text: floods

text: These

text: dikes

text: were

text: destroyed

text: during

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Tenochtitlan

text: and

text: during

text: colonial

text: times

text: the

text: Spanish

text: regularly

text: drained

text: the

text: lake

text: to

text: prevent

text: floods

text: Only

text: a

text: small

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: lake

text: remains

text: located

text: outside

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Atenco

text: State

text: of

text: Mexico

question: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built?

answer: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan

text: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan

question: Where does the lake still remain?

answer: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico

text: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico

question: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco?

answer: The Aztecs

text: The Aztecs

question: What made up Lake Texcoco?

answer: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes

text: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes

question: Where is the lake located in Atenco?

answer: Federal District

text: Federal District


text: Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: Palermo

text: experiences

text: a

text: hot

text: summer

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: climate

text: classification

text: Csa

text: Winters

text: are

text: cool

text: and

text: wet

text: while

text: summers

text: are

text: hot

text: and

text: dry

text: Temperatures

text: in

text: autumn

text: and

text: spring

text: are

text: usually

text: mild

text: Palermo

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: warmest

text: cities

text: in

text: Europe

text: mainly

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: warm

text: nights

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: annual

text: air

text: temperature

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: It

text: receives

text: approximately

text: hours

text: of

text: sunshine

text: per

text: year

text: Snow

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: rare

text: occurrence

text: but

text: it

text: does

text: occur

text: occasionally

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: cold

text: front

text: as

text: the

text: Apennines

text: are

text: too

text: distant

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: island

text: from

text: cold

text: winds

text: blowing

text: from

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: the

text: mountains

text: surrounding

text: the

text: city

text: facilite

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: snow

text: accumulation

text: in

text: Palermo

text: especially

text: at

text: night

text: Between

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: eleven

text: times

text: when

text: considerable

text: snowfall

text: has

text: occurred

text: In

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: minimum

text: temperature

text: went

text: down

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: blanketed

text: by

text: several

text: centimeters

text: of

text: snow

text: Snow

text: also

text: occurred

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: above

text: C

text: F

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: February

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: August

text: In

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: November

text: the

text: average

text: sea

text: temperature

text: exceeds

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: October

text: the

text: average

text: sea

text: temperature

text: exceeds

text: C

text: F

question: What is Palermo's climate classification?

answer: hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa).

text: hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa).

question: How do Palermo's temperatures compare to the rest of Europe?

answer: one of the warmest cities in Europe

text: one of the warmest cities in Europe

question: How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: How much sun does Palermo see each year?

answer: 2,530 hours

text: 2,530 hours


text: In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: December

text: President

text: Roosevelt

text: decided

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: not

text: Marshall

text: would

text: be

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: following

text: month

text: he

text: resumed

text: command

text: of

text: ETOUSA

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: month

text: was

text: officially

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Allied

text: Expeditionary

text: Force

text: SHAEF

text: serving

text: in

text: a

text: dual

text: role

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: hostilities

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: May

text: He

text: was

text: charged

text: in

text: these

text: positions

text: with

text: planning

text: and

text: carrying

text: out

text: the

text: Allied

text: assault

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Normandy

text: in

text: June

text: under

text: the

text: code

text: name

text: Operation

text: Overlord

text: the

text: liberation

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Germany

question: Other than Eisenhower, who was considered for the appointment of Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?

answer: Marshall

text: Marshall

question: What did SHAEF stand for?

answer: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

text: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

question: Who appointed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?

answer: Roosevelt

text: Roosevelt

question: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?

answer: Operation Overlord

text: Operation Overlord

question: When did Operation Overlord take place?

answer: June 1944

text: June 1944


text: This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number. Anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene. Organization has reached global level. For example, the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), "a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology", currently contains members from about three dozen nations.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: This

text: meagre

text: statistic

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: comprise

text: anthropology

text: departments

text: in

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: higher

text: educational

text: institutions

text: many

text: thousands

text: in

text: number

text: Anthropology

text: has

text: diversified

text: from

text: a

text: few

text: major

text: subdivisions

text: to

text: dozens

text: more

text: Practical

text: anthropology

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: anthropological

text: knowledge

text: and

text: technique

text: to

text: solve

text: specific

text: problems

text: has

text: arrived

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: buried

text: victims

text: might

text: stimulate

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: forensic

text: archaeologist

text: to

text: recreate

text: the

text: final

text: scene

text: Organization

text: has

text: reached

text: global

text: level

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: World

text: Council

text: of

text: Anthropological

text: Associations

text: WCAA

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: national

text: regional

text: and

text: international

text: associations

text: that

text: aims

text: to

text: promote

text: worldwide

text: communication

text: and

text: cooperation

text: in

text: anthropology

text: currently

text: contains

text: members

text: from

text: about

text: three

text: dozen

text: nations

question: What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into?

answer: majority of the world's higher educational institutions

text: majority of the world's higher educational institutions

question: What was anthropology diversified into dozens of?

answer: subdivisions

text: subdivisions

question: What type of anthropology is used to solve specific problems?

answer: Practical

text: Practical

question: What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?

answer: recreate the final scene

text: recreate the final scene

question: From how many nations does the WCAA boast members from?

answer: about three dozen

text: about three dozen


text: The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: English

text: language

text: has

text: been

text: official

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: since

text: The

text: variety

text: of

text: North

text: American

text: English

text: spoken

text: is

text: called

text: Oklahoma

text: English

text: and

text: this

text: dialect

text: is

text: quite

text: diverse

text: with

text: its

text: uneven

text: blending

text: of

text: features

text: of

text: North

text: Midland

text: South

text: Midland

text: and

text: Southern

text: dialects

text: In

text: of

text: the

text: resident

text: population

text: five

text: years

text: or

text: older

text: spoke

text: only

text: English

text: at

text: home

text: a

text: decrease

text: from

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: residents

text: reported

text: speaking

text: a

text: language

text: other

text: than

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Spanish

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: with

text: speakers

text: counted

text: in

text: The

text: next

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: language

text: is

text: Cherokee

text: with

text: about

text: speakers

text: living

text: within

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: Nation

text: tribal

text: jurisdiction

text: area

text: of

text: eastern

text: Oklahoma

text: Cherokee

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: Nation

text: tribal

text: jurisdiction

text: area

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Keetoowah

text: Band

text: of

text: Cherokee

text: Indians

question: When did Oklahoma declare an official language?

answer: 2010

question: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?

answer: 2,977,187

question: What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?

answer: 92.6%

question: What is the second-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: What is the third-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?

answer: Cherokee

text: Cherokee


text: For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: For

text: over

text: a

text: century

text: New

text: Haven

text: citizens

text: had

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: colonial

text: militia

text: alongside

text: regular

text: British

text: forces

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Indian

text: War

text: As

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: approached

text: General

text: David

text: Wooster

text: and

text: other

text: influential

text: residents

text: hoped

text: that

text: the

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: Britain

text: could

text: be

text: resolved

text: short

text: of

text: rebellion

text: On

text: April

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: celebrated

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: as

text: Powder

text: House

text: Day

text: the

text: Second

text: Company

text: Governor

text: 's

text: Foot

text: Guard

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: entered

text: the

text: struggle

text: against

text: the

text: governing

text: British

text: parliament

text: Under

text: Captain

text: Benedict

text: Arnold

text: they

text: broke

text: into

text: the

text: powder

text: house

text: to

text: arm

text: themselves

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: three

text: day

text: march

text: to

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: Other

text: New

text: Haven

text: militia

text: members

text: were

text: on

text: hand

text: to

text: escort

text: George

text: Washington

text: from

text: his

text: overnight

text: stay

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: on

text: his

text: way

text: to

text: Cambridge

text: Contemporary

text: reports

text: from

text: both

text: sides

text: remark

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: volunteers

text: professional

text: military

text: bearing

text: including

text: uniforms

question: What is the name given to the celebrated date of 23 April 1775 in New Haven?

answer: Powder House Day

text: Powder House Day

question: Who was the captain of New Haven's Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard?

answer: Benedict Arnold

text: Benedict Arnold

question: How long did the march from New Haven to Cambridge, Massachusetts take Arnold and his men?

answer: a three-day march

text: a three-day march

question: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?

answer: General David Wooster

text: General David Wooster

question: What date is still commemorated by Powder House Day in New Haven?

answer: 23 April 1775

text: 23 April 1775

question: What was the name of the Second Company in New Haven that was the first to enter the inaugural struggle with the British?

answer: Governor's Foot Guard

text: Governor's Foot Guard

question: Under whose leadership did the Governor's Foot Guard break into the powder house to arm themselves?

answer: Captain Benedict Arnold

text: Captain Benedict Arnold

question: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?

answer: Cambridge, Massachusetts

text: Cambridge, Massachusetts

question: Power House Day is celebrated on what day in New Haven?

answer: 23 April

text: 23 April

question: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day?

answer: Benedict Arnold

text: Benedict Arnold

question: Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?

answer: Cambridge

text: Cambridge

question: What is the name of the New Haven Militia that fought on during Powder House Day?

answer: Governor's Foot Guard

text: Governor's Foot Guard

question: Although the militia were mainly made of volunteers what item distinguish them from other militia companies?

answer: uniforms.

text: uniforms.


text: Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Highbury

text: could

text: hold

text: more

text: than

text: spectators

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: capacity

text: of

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: Taylor

text: Report

text: and

text: Premier

text: League

text: regulations

text: obliged

text: Arsenal

text: to

text: convert

text: Highbury

text: to

text: an

text: all

text: seater

text: stadium

text: in

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: thus

text: reducing

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: seated

text: spectators

text: This

text: capacity

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: reduced

text: further

text: during

text: Champions

text: League

text: matches

text: to

text: accommodate

text: additional

text: advertising

text: boards

text: so

text: much

text: so

text: that

text: for

text: two

text: seasons

text: from

text: to

text: Arsenal

text: played

text: Champions

text: League

text: home

text: matches

text: at

text: Wembley

text: which

text: could

text: house

text: more

text: than

text: spectators

question: What was the most people that Highbury stadium could host?

answer: 60,000

question: When did League regulations make Arsenal reduce the seating in Highbury?

answer: 1993–94 season

text: 1993–94 season

question: Where did Arsenal play matches because of increased seating capacity?

answer: Wembley

text: Wembley

question: During what time did Arsenal play at Wembley?

answer: 1998 to 2000

text: 1998 to 2000

question: What seating capacity did Wembley offer that have to lure Arsenal to play there?

answer: 70,000


text: In September 1982, Prime minister Margaret Thatcher travelled to Beijing to negotiate with the Chinese government on the future of Britain's last major and most populous overseas territory, Hong Kong. Under the terms of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, Hong Kong Island itself had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity, but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories, which had been acquired under a 99-year lease in 1898, due to expire in 1997. Thatcher, seeing parallels with the Falkland Islands, initially wished to hold Hong Kong and proposed British administration with Chinese sovereignty, though this was rejected by China. A deal was reached in 1984—under the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong would become a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, maintaining its way of life for at least 50 years. The handover ceremony in 1997 marked for many, including Charles, Prince of Wales, who was in attendance, "the end of Empire".

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: September

text: Prime

text: minister

text: Margaret

text: Thatcher

text: travelled

text: to

text: Beijing

text: to

text: negotiate

text: with

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: on

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: last

text: major

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: overseas

text: territory

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nanking

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Island

text: itself

text: had

text: been

text: ceded

text: to

text: Britain

text: in

text: perpetuity

text: but

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: colony

text: was

text: constituted

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: Territories

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: acquired

text: under

text: a

text: lease

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: expire

text: in

text: Thatcher

text: seeing

text: parallels

text: with

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: initially

text: wished

text: to

text: hold

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: proposed

text: British

text: administration

text: with

text: Chinese

text: sovereignty

text: though

text: this

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: China

text: A

text: deal

text: was

text: reached

text: in

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Sino

text: British

text: Joint

text: Declaration

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: would

text: become

text: a

text: special

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: maintaining

text: its

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: The

text: handover

text: ceremony

text: in

text: marked

text: for

text: many

text: including

text: Charles

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: who

text: was

text: in

text: attendance

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Empire

question: Who was the British Prime Minister in 1982?

answer: Margaret Thatcher

text: Margaret Thatcher

question: Which treaty had given Hong Kong to Britain?

answer: Treaty of Nanking

text: Treaty of Nanking

question: When did Britain hand over Hong Kong to China?

answer: 1997

question: When was the Sino-British Joint Declaration?

answer: 1984

question: Which territory did Margaret Thatcher compare Hong Kong to?

answer: Falkland Islands

text: Falkland Islands


text: The book was never published. Instead the Normans whirled off to New York. Norman published the gist of his planned travel book curiously mixed with vituperation against the Ottoman Empire in an article in June, 1896, in Scribner's Magazine. The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbarians for their own good to something considerably less. The difference was the Hamidian Massacres, which were being conducted even as the couple traveled the Balkans. According to Norman now, the empire had been established by "the Moslem horde" from Asia, which was stopped by "intrepid Hungary." Furthermore, "Greece shook off the turbaned destroyer of her people" and so on. The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states. Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states "but her hope was vain." England had "turned her back." Norman concluded his exhortation with "In the Balkans one learns to hate the Turk." Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article. Prince Nicolas of Montenegro wrote a letter thanking him for his article.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: never

text: published

text: Instead

text: the

text: Normans

text: whirled

text: off

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: Norman

text: published

text: the

text: gist

text: of

text: his

text: planned

text: travel

text: book

text: curiously

text: mixed

text: with

text: vituperation

text: against

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: an

text: article

text: in

text: June

text: in

text: Scribner

text: 's

text: Magazine

text: The

text: empire

text: had

text: descended

text: from

text: an

text: enlightened

text: civilization

text: ruling

text: over

text: barbarians

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: good

text: to

text: something

text: considerably

text: less

text: The

text: difference

text: was

text: the

text: Hamidian

text: Massacres

text: which

text: were

text: being

text: conducted

text: even

text: as

text: the

text: couple

text: traveled

text: the

text: Balkans

text: According

text: to

text: Norman

text: now

text: the

text: empire

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Moslem

text: horde

text: from

text: Asia

text: which

text: was

text: stopped

text: by

text: intrepid

text: Hungary

text: Furthermore

text: Greece

text: shook

text: off

text: the

text: turbaned

text: destroyer

text: of

text: her

text: people

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: The

text: Russians

text: were

text: suddenly

text: liberators

text: of

text: oppressed

text: Balkan

text: states

text: Having

text: portrayed

text: the

text: Armenians

text: as

text: revolutionaries

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: freedom

text: with

text: the

text: expectation

text: of

text: being

text: rescued

text: by

text: the

text: intervention

text: of

text: Christian

text: Europe

text: he

text: states

text: but

text: her

text: hope

text: was

text: vain

text: England

text: had

text: turned

text: her

text: back

text: Norman

text: concluded

text: his

text: exhortation

text: with

text: In

text: the

text: Balkans

text: one

text: learns

text: to

text: hate

text: the

text: Turk

text: Norman

text: made

text: sure

text: that

text: Gladstone

text: read

text: the

text: article

text: Prince

text: Nicolas

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: wrote

text: a

text: letter

text: thanking

text: him

text: for

text: his

text: article

question: Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: When did Norman publish parts of his planned travel book?

answer: June, 1896

text: June, 1896

question: What magazine did Norman publish his work in?

answer: Scribner's Magazine

text: Scribner's Magazine

question: Who were liberators of oppressed Balkan states?

answer: The Russians

text: The Russians

question: Who did Norman say "turned her back"?

answer: England

text: England


text: Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system (and was also downloadable free), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for the Mac was part of Microsoft's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance - threats such as web standards and Java - by making some web developers, or at least their managers, assume that there was "no need" to develop for anything other than Internet Explorer. In this respect, IE may have contributed to Windows and Microsoft applications sales in another way, through "lock-in" to Microsoft's browser.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: was

text: bundled

text: free

text: with

text: the

text: Windows

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: downloadable

text: free

text: and

text: therefore

text: it

text: was

text: funded

text: partly

text: by

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: Windows

text: to

text: computer

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: direct

text: to

text: users

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: available

text: for

text: the

text: Mac

text: It

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: releasing

text: IE

text: for

text: the

text: Mac

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: overall

text: strategy

text: to

text: fight

text: threats

text: to

text: its

text: quasi

text: monopoly

text: platform

text: dominance

text: threats

text: such

text: as

text: web

text: standards

text: and

text: Java

text: by

text: making

text: some

text: web

text: developers

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: their

text: managers

text: assume

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: need

text: to

text: develop

text: for

text: anything

text: other

text: than

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: IE

text: may

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: Windows

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: applications

text: sales

text: in

text: another

text: way

text: through

text: lock

text: in

text: to

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: browser

question: What was bundled for free with the Windows OS?

answer: Internet Explorer

text: Internet Explorer

question: Internet Explorer was partially funded in what two ways?

answer: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users

text: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users

question: What other OS could use Internet Explorer?

answer: Mac

text: Mac


text: The cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as "false and excessive" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for children were unsatisfactory and children's rights were sometimes violated and acknowledged the claims could not be ignored. In a BBC interview, the ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom called these reports of widespread use of slave child labour by 700,000 cocoa farmers as absurd and inaccurate.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: The

text: cocoa

text: industry

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: profiting

text: from

text: child

text: slavery

text: and

text: trafficking

text: The

text: European

text: Cocoa

text: Association

text: dismissed

text: these

text: accusations

text: as

text: false

text: and

text: excessive

text: and

text: the

text: industry

text: said

text: the

text: reports

text: were

text: not

text: representative

text: of

text: all

text: areas

text: Later

text: the

text: industry

text: acknowledged

text: the

text: working

text: conditions

text: for

text: children

text: were

text: unsatisfactory

text: and

text: children

text: 's

text: rights

text: were

text: sometimes

text: violated

text: and

text: acknowledged

text: the

text: claims

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: ignored

text: In

text: a

text: BBC

text: interview

text: the

text: ambassador

text: for

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: called

text: these

text: reports

text: of

text: widespread

text: use

text: of

text: slave

text: child

text: labour

text: by

text: cocoa

text: farmers

text: as

text: absurd

text: and

text: inaccurate

question: What industry was accused of profiting from child labour?

answer: cocoa industry

text: cocoa industry

question: Who dismissed the allegations?

answer: European Cocoa Association

text: European Cocoa Association

question: What are the figures for cocoa farmers using child labour?

answer: 700,000

question: Who claimed these reports as being inaccurate?

answer: ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom

text: ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom


text: At the beginning of a match, an official tosses a coin and allows the captain of the visiting team call heads or tails. The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain. The captain making first choice may either choose a) to kick off or receive the kick and the beginning of the half, or b) which direction of the field to play in. The remaining choice is given to the opposing captain. Before the resumption of play in the second half, the captain that did not have first choice in the first half is given first choice. Teams usually choose to defer, so it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: a

text: match

text: an

text: official

text: tosses

text: a

text: coin

text: and

text: allows

text: the

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: visiting

text: team

text: call

text: heads

text: or

text: tails

text: The

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: winning

text: the

text: coin

text: toss

text: is

text: given

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: having

text: first

text: choice

text: or

text: of

text: deferring

text: first

text: choice

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: captain

text: The

text: captain

text: making

text: first

text: choice

text: may

text: either

text: choose

text: a

text: to

text: kick

text: off

text: or

text: receive

text: the

text: kick

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: half

text: or

text: b

text: which

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: The

text: remaining

text: choice

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: opposing

text: captain

text: Before

text: the

text: resumption

text: of

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: the

text: captain

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: first

text: choice

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: is

text: given

text: first

text: choice

text: Teams

text: usually

text: choose

text: to

text: defer

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: typical

text: for

text: the

text: team

text: that

text: wins

text: the

text: coin

text: toss

text: to

text: kick

text: to

text: begin

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: and

text: receive

text: to

text: begin

text: the

text: second

question: Which team calls heads or tails in the coin flip before a CFL game?

answer: visiting

text: visiting

question: Who on a football team articulates the team's decision following the coin flip?

answer: captain

text: captain

question: What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball?

answer: which direction of the field to play in

text: which direction of the field to play in

question: Who makes a choice after the team that wins the coin toss has made their decision?

answer: the opposing captain

text: the opposing captain


text: Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce." Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes. Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Before

text: the

text: pact

text: 's

text: announcement

text: Communists

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: denied

text: that

text: such

text: a

text: treaty

text: would

text: be

text: signed

text: Future

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Ten

text: Herbert

text: Biberman

text: denounced

text: rumors

text: as

text: Fascist

text: propaganda

text: Earl

text: Browder

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: USA

text: stated

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: as

text: much

text: chance

text: of

text: agreement

text: as

text: of

text: Earl

text: Browder

text: being

text: elected

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: Beginning

text: in

text: September

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Comintern

text: suspended

text: all

text: anti

text: Nazi

text: and

text: anti

text: fascist

text: propaganda

text: explaining

text: that

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: Europe

text: was

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: capitalist

text: states

text: attacking

text: each

text: other

text: for

text: imperialist

text: purposes

text: Western

text: Communists

text: acted

text: accordingly

text: while

text: before

text: they

text: supported

text: protecting

text: collective

text: security

text: now

text: they

text: denounced

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: going

text: to

text: war

question: Who was part of Hollywood Ten?

answer: Herbert Biberman

text: Herbert Biberman

question: Who was the leader of the American communist party?

answer: Earl Browder

text: Earl Browder

question: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?

answer: Western Communists

text: Western Communists


text: The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. The Space Age began with the development of several technologies that culminated with the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union. This was the world's first artificial satellite, orbiting the Earth in 98.1 minutes and weighing in at 83 kg. The launch of Sputnik 1 ushered a new era of political, scientific and technological achievements that became known as the Space Age. The Space Age was characterized by rapid development of new technology in a close race mostly between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Space Age brought the first human spaceflight during the Vostok programme and reached its peak with the Apollo program which captured the imagination of much of the world's population. The landing of Apollo 11 was an event watched by over 500 million people around the world and is widely recognized as one of the defining moments of the 20th century. Since then and with the end of the space race due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, public attention has largely moved to other areas.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Space

text: Age

text: is

text: a

text: period

text: encompassing

text: the

text: activities

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Space

text: Race

text: space

text: exploration

text: space

text: technology

text: and

text: the

text: cultural

text: developments

text: influenced

text: by

text: these

text: events

text: The

text: Space

text: Age

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: several

text: technologies

text: that

text: culminated

text: with

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: Sputnik

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: artificial

text: satellite

text: orbiting

text: the

text: Earth

text: in

text: minutes

text: and

text: weighing

text: in

text: at

text: kg

text: The

text: launch

text: of

text: Sputnik

text: ushered

text: a

text: new

text: era

text: of

text: political

text: scientific

text: and

text: technological

text: achievements

text: that

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Space

text: Age

text: The

text: Space

text: Age

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: rapid

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: technology

text: in

text: a

text: close

text: race

text: mostly

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: The

text: Space

text: Age

text: brought

text: the

text: first

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: during

text: the

text: Vostok

text: programme

text: and

text: reached

text: its

text: peak

text: with

text: the

text: Apollo

text: program

text: which

text: captured

text: the

text: imagination

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: landing

text: of

text: Apollo

text: was

text: an

text: event

text: watched

text: by

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: defining

text: moments

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Since

text: then

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: space

text: race

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: public

text: attention

text: has

text: largely

text: moved

text: to

text: other

text: areas

question: What is the space age?

answer: a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events.

text: a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events.

question: Who launched  Sputnik 1?

answer: the Soviet Union.

text: the Soviet Union.

question: How long does did it take for the Sputnik 1 to orbit the earth?

answer: 98.1 minutes

text: 98.1 minutes

question: What did Sputnik 1 usher in?

answer: The Space Age

text: The Space Age

question: How many people watched the Apollo 11 landing?

answer: 500 million

text: 500 million


text: Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Cuban

text: immigrants

text: in

text: the

text: brought

text: the

text: Cuban

text: sandwich

text: medianoche

text: Cuban

text: espresso

text: and

text: croquetas

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: grown

text: in

text: popularity

text: to

text: all

text: Miamians

text: and

text: have

text: become

text: symbols

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: varied

text: cuisine

text: Today

text: these

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: culture

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: window

text: cafés

text: particularly

text: outside

text: of

text: supermarkets

text: and

text: restaurants

text: Restaurants

text: such

text: as

text: Versailles

text: restaurant

text: in

text: Little

text: Havana

text: is

text: a

text: landmark

text: eatery

text: of

text: Miami

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: as

text: a

text: seaport

text: Miami

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: seafood

text: with

text: many

text: seafood

text: restaurants

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: Miami

text: River

text: and

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: Miami

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: restaurant

text: chains

text: such

text: as

text: Burger

text: King

text: Tony

text: Roma

text: 's

text: and

text: Benihana

question: What is a notable restaurant in Little Havana?

answer: Versailles

text: Versailles

question: Along with Benihana and Burger King, what chain restaurant is headquartered in Miami?

answer: Tony Roma's

text: Tony Roma's

question: In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami?

answer: 1960s

question: What ocean is Miami adjacent to?

answer: Atlantic

text: Atlantic

question: Along with the Miami River, near what body of water are Miami seafood restaurants notably located?

answer: Biscayne Bay

text: Biscayne Bay


text: In 1214 John began his final campaign to reclaim Normandy from Philip. John was optimistic, as he had successfully built up alliances with the Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders; he was enjoying papal favour; and he had successfully built up substantial funds to pay for the deployment of his experienced army. Nonetheless, when John left for Poitou in February 1214, many barons refused to provide military service; mercenary knights had to fill the gaps. John's plan was to split Philip's forces by pushing north-east from Poitou towards Paris, whilst Otto, Renaud and Ferdinand, supported by William Longespée, marched south-west from Flanders.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: John

text: began

text: his

text: final

text: campaign

text: to

text: reclaim

text: Normandy

text: from

text: Philip

text: John

text: was

text: optimistic

text: as

text: he

text: had

text: successfully

text: built

text: up

text: alliances

text: with

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Otto

text: Renaud

text: of

text: Boulogne

text: and

text: Count

text: Ferdinand

text: of

text: Flanders

text: he

text: was

text: enjoying

text: papal

text: favour

text: and

text: he

text: had

text: successfully

text: built

text: up

text: substantial

text: funds

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: the

text: deployment

text: of

text: his

text: experienced

text: army

text: Nonetheless

text: when

text: John

text: left

text: for

text: Poitou

text: in

text: February

text: many

text: barons

text: refused

text: to

text: provide

text: military

text: service

text: mercenary

text: knights

text: had

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: gaps

text: John

text: 's

text: plan

text: was

text: to

text: split

text: Philip

text: 's

text: forces

text: by

text: pushing

text: north

text: east

text: from

text: Poitou

text: towards

text: Paris

text: whilst

text: Otto

text: Renaud

text: and

text: Ferdinand

text: supported

text: by

text: William

text: Longespée

text: marched

text: south

text: west

text: from

text: Flanders

question: When did John begin his final campaign to reclaim Normandy?

answer: 1214

question: Who did John build alliances with?

answer: Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders

text: Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders

question: When did John leave for Poitou?

answer: February 1214

text: February 1214


text: South Slavic dialects historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread in the western Balkans, intruding westwards into the area previously occupied by Chakavian and Kajkavian (which further blend into Slovenian in the northwest). Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural circles, although a large part of the nations have lived side by side under foreign overlords. During that period, the language was referred to under a variety of names, such as "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian", the latter often in combination with "Slavonian" or "Dalmatian".

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: South

text: Slavic

text: dialects

text: historically

text: formed

text: a

text: continuum

text: The

text: turbulent

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: particularly

text: due

text: to

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: patchwork

text: of

text: dialectal

text: and

text: religious

text: differences

text: Due

text: to

text: population

text: migrations

text: Shtokavian

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Balkans

text: intruding

text: westwards

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: previously

text: occupied

text: by

text: Chakavian

text: and

text: Kajkavian

text: which

text: further

text: blend

text: into

text: Slovenian

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: Bosniaks

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: differ

text: in

text: religion

text: and

text: were

text: historically

text: often

text: part

text: of

text: different

text: cultural

text: circles

text: although

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: have

text: lived

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: under

text: foreign

text: overlords

text: During

text: that

text: period

text: the

text: language

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: under

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: Slavic

text: Illyrian

text: or

text: according

text: to

text: region

text: Bosnian

text: Serbian

text: and

text: Croatian

text: the

text: latter

text: often

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: Slavonian

text: or

text: Dalmatian

question: What is one of the main causes of the turbulent history?

answer: expansion of the Ottoman Empire

text: expansion of the Ottoman Empire

question: What was the main cause of the spread of Shtokavian?

answer: population migrations

text: population migrations

question: In which geographical region did Shtokavian become wide spread?

answer: western Balkans

text: western Balkans

question: What was one of the major differences between the Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs?

answer: religion

text: religion

question: What is "Illyrian?"

answer: language

text: language

question: What were some of the names given to language during period of foreign control?

answer: "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian"

text: "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian"

question: What specific historical event caused a group of religious and verbal differences in South Slavic dialect?

answer: expansion of the Ottoman Empire

text: expansion of the Ottoman Empire

question: Why was Shtokavian the most widespread culture in the western Balkans?

answer: population migrations

text: population migrations


text: The first commercial LEDs were commonly used as replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, as well as watches (see list of signal uses). Until 1968, visible and infrared LEDs were extremely costly, in the order of US$200 per unit, and so had little practical use. The Monsanto Company was the first organization to mass-produce visible LEDs, using gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) in 1968 to produce red LEDs suitable for indicators. Hewlett Packard (HP) introduced LEDs in 1968, initially using GaAsP supplied by Monsanto. These red LEDs were bright enough only for use as indicators, as the light output was not enough to illuminate an area. Readouts in calculators were so small that plastic lenses were built over each digit to make them legible. Later, other colors became widely available and appeared in appliances and equipment. In the 1970s commercially successful LED devices at less than five cents each were produced by Fairchild Optoelectronics. These devices employed compound semiconductor chips fabricated with the planar process invented by Dr. Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor. The combination of planar processing for chip fabrication and innovative packaging methods enabled the team at Fairchild led by optoelectronics pioneer Thomas Brandt to achieve the needed cost reductions. These methods continue to be used by LED producers.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: The

text: first

text: commercial

text: LEDs

text: were

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: replacements

text: for

text: incandescent

text: and

text: neon

text: indicator

text: lamps

text: and

text: in

text: seven

text: segment

text: displays

text: first

text: in

text: expensive

text: equipment

text: such

text: as

text: laboratory

text: and

text: electronics

text: test

text: equipment

text: then

text: later

text: in

text: such

text: appliances

text: as

text: TVs

text: radios

text: telephones

text: calculators

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: watches

text: see

text: list

text: of

text: signal

text: uses

text: Until

text: visible

text: and

text: infrared

text: LEDs

text: were

text: extremely

text: costly

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: US$

text: per

text: unit

text: and

text: so

text: had

text: little

text: practical

text: use

text: The

text: Monsanto

text: Company

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: organization

text: to

text: mass

text: produce

text: visible

text: LEDs

text: using

text: gallium

text: arsenide

text: phosphide

text: GaAsP

text: in

text: to

text: produce

text: red

text: LEDs

text: suitable

text: for

text: indicators

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: HP

text: introduced

text: LEDs

text: in

text: initially

text: using

text: GaAsP

text: supplied

text: by

text: Monsanto

text: These

text: red

text: LEDs

text: were

text: bright

text: enough

text: only

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: indicators

text: as

text: the

text: light

text: output

text: was

text: not

text: enough

text: to

text: illuminate

text: an

text: area

text: Readouts

text: in

text: calculators

text: were

text: so

text: small

text: that

text: plastic

text: lenses

text: were

text: built

text: over

text: each

text: digit

text: to

text: make

text: them

text: legible

text: Later

text: other

text: colors

text: became

text: widely

text: available

text: and

text: appeared

text: in

text: appliances

text: and

text: equipment

text: In

text: the

text: commercially

text: successful

text: LED

text: devices

text: at

text: less

text: than

text: five

text: cents

text: each

text: were

text: produced

text: by

text: Fairchild

text: Optoelectronics

text: These

text: devices

text: employed

text: compound

text: semiconductor

text: chips

text: fabricated

text: with

text: the

text: planar

text: process

text: invented

text: by

text: Dr.

text: Jean

text: Hoerni

text: at

text: Fairchild

text: Semiconductor

text: The

text: combination

text: of

text: planar

text: processing

text: for

text: chip

text: fabrication

text: and

text: innovative

text: packaging

text: methods

text: enabled

text: the

text: team

text: at

text: Fairchild

text: led

text: by

text: optoelectronics

text: pioneer

text: Thomas

text: Brandt

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: needed

text: cost

text: reductions

text: These

text: methods

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: LED

text: producers

question: What was the first commercial uses of LEDs?

answer: replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps

text: replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps

question: How much did the early LEDs cost?

answer: US$200 per unit

text: US$200 per unit

question: What was one use of early LED light in products?

answer: calculators

text: calculators

question: What modern company introduced LEDs in 1968?

answer: Hewlett Packard (HP)

text: Hewlett Packard (HP)

question: In what decade were production costs greatly reduced for LEDs to enable successful commercial uses?

answer: 1970s


text: Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo. An observation post at this location was first built by the Spanish in the late 18th century. In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839. It has been involved in many historical developments and has been repeatedly taken over by various sides. In 1907, the old beacon was replaced with a stronger electric one. It has been a National Monument since 1931 and has housed a military museum since 1916. Today it is one of the tourist attractions of Montevideo.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Fortaleza

text: del

text: Cerro

text: overlooks

text: the

text: bay

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: An

text: observation

text: post

text: at

text: this

text: location

text: was

text: first

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: In

text: a

text: beacon

text: replaced

text: the

text: observation

text: post

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: fortress

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: many

text: historical

text: developments

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: repeatedly

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: various

text: sides

text: In

text: the

text: old

text: beacon

text: was

text: replaced

text: with

text: a

text: stronger

text: electric

text: one

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: National

text: Monument

text: since

text: and

text: has

text: housed

text: a

text: military

text: museum

text: since

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tourist

text: attractions

text: of

text: Montevideo

question: What overlooks the bay of Montevideo?

answer: Fortaleza del Cerro

text: Fortaleza del Cerro

question: What replaced the observation post in 1802?

answer: a beacon

text: a beacon

question: When did construction of the fortress begin?

answer: 1809

question: When did construction of the fortress finish?

answer: 1839