text: In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthplace in Qishlak Afshona, some 25 km (16 mi) north of Bukhara, a training college for medical staff has been named for him.[year needed] On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work.[citation needed]

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: In

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: which

text: then

text: ruled

text: his

text: birthplace

text: Bukhara

text: celebrated

text: the

text: thousandth

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: birth

text: by

text: circulating

text: various

text: commemorative

text: stamps

text: with

text: artistic

text: illustrations

text: and

text: by

text: erecting

text: a

text: bust

text: of

text: Avicenna

text: based

text: on

text: anthropological

text: research

text: by

text: Soviet

text: scholars.[citation

text: needed

text: Near

text: his

text: birthplace

text: in

text: Qishlak

text: Afshona

text: some

text: km

text: mi

text: north

text: of

text: Bukhara

text: a

text: training

text: college

text: for

text: medical

text: staff

text: has

text: been

text: named

text: for

text: him.[year

text: needed

text: On

text: the

text: grounds

text: is

text: a

text: museum

text: dedicated

text: to

text: his

text: life

text: times

text: and

text: work.[citation

text: needed

question: What superpower in 1980 created a stamp in honor of Avicenna?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: What was Avicenna's birthplace?

answer: Bukhara

text: Bukhara

question: A medical staff training college named in his honor is how many miles away from his birthplace?

answer: 16

question: In 1980, how many years had it been since Avicenna's birth?

answer: thousand

text: thousand

question: Besides stamps, what did the Soviet Union also create in Avicenna's honor?

answer: a bust

text: a bust


text: The United States Congress declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846 after only having a few hours to debate. Although President José Mariano Paredes's issuance of a manifesto on May 23 is sometimes considered the declaration of war, Mexico officially declared war by Congress on July 7. After the American invasion of New Mexico, Chihuahua sent 12,000 men led by Colonel Vidal to the border to stop the American military advance into the state. The Mexican forces being impatient to confront the American forces passed beyond El Paso del Norte about 20 miles (32 km) north along the Rio Grande. The first battle that Chihuahua fought was the battle of El Bracito; the Mexican forces consisting of 500 cavalry and 70 infantry confronted a force of 1,100–1,200 Americans on December 25, 1846. The battle ended badly by the Mexican forces that were then forced to retreat back into the state of Chihuahua. By December 27, 1846, the American forces occupied El Paso Del Norte. General Doniphan maintained camp in El Paso Del Norte awaiting supplies and artillery which he received in February 1847.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Mexico

text: on

text: May

text: after

text: only

text: having

text: a

text: few

text: hours

text: to

text: debate

text: Although

text: President

text: José

text: Mariano

text: Paredes

text: 's

text: issuance

text: of

text: a

text: manifesto

text: on

text: May

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: Mexico

text: officially

text: declared

text: war

text: by

text: Congress

text: on

text: July

text: After

text: the

text: American

text: invasion

text: of

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Chihuahua

text: sent

text: men

text: led

text: by

text: Colonel

text: Vidal

text: to

text: the

text: border

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: American

text: military

text: advance

text: into

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: Mexican

text: forces

text: being

text: impatient

text: to

text: confront

text: the

text: American

text: forces

text: passed

text: beyond

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: north

text: along

text: the

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: The

text: first

text: battle

text: that

text: Chihuahua

text: fought

text: was

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: El

text: Bracito

text: the

text: Mexican

text: forces

text: consisting

text: of

text: cavalry

text: and

text: infantry

text: confronted

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: Americans

text: on

text: December

text: The

text: battle

text: ended

text: badly

text: by

text: the

text: Mexican

text: forces

text: that

text: were

text: then

text: forced

text: to

text: retreat

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: By

text: December

text: the

text: American

text: forces

text: occupied

text: El

text: Paso

text: Del

text: Norte

text: General

text: Doniphan

text: maintained

text: camp

text: in

text: El

text: Paso

text: Del

text: Norte

text: awaiting

text: supplies

text: and

text: artillery

text: which

text: he

text: received

text: in

text: February

question: Who declared war on Mexico in 1846?

answer: The United States

text: The United States

question: How many men did Chihuahua send to defend New Mexico?

answer: 12,000

question: Which was the first battle fought by Chihuahua?

answer: battle of El Bracito

text: battle of El Bracito

question: Who won the battle?

answer: The United States

text: The United States

question: Which general maintained camp in El Paso Del Norte after the battle?

answer: General Doniphan

text: General Doniphan


text: Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: Though

text: traditionally

text: a

text: moderate

text: newspaper

text: and

text: sometimes

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: it

text: supported

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: general

text: elections

text: In

text: according

text: to

text: MORI

text: the

text: voting

text: intentions

text: of

text: its

text: readership

text: were

text: for

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: for

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Democrats

text: and

text: for

text: Labour

text: The

text: Times

text: had

text: an

text: average

text: daily

text: circulation

text: of

text: in

text: March

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Times

text: had

text: an

text: average

text: daily

text: circulation

text: of

text: An

text: American

text: edition

text: of

text: The

text: Times

text: has

text: been

text: published

text: since

text: June

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: heavily

text: used

text: by

text: scholars

text: and

text: researchers

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: widespread

text: availability

text: in

text: libraries

text: and

text: its

text: detailed

text: index

text: A

text: complete

text: historical

text: file

text: of

text: the

text: digitized

text: paper

text: is

text: online

text: from

text: Gage

text: Cengage

text: publisher

question: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?

answer: moderate

text: moderate

question: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?

answer: Labour Party

text: Labour Party

question: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?

answer: 394,448

question: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?

answer: Gage Cengage

text: Gage Cengage

question: What political party has the highest readership of The Times?

answer: Conservative Party

text: Conservative Party


text: Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the Royal Navy. Captain James Cook's vessel HMS Endeavour anchored and resupplied off the coast of St Helena in May 1771, on her return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and rediscovery of New Zealand.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Throughout

text: this

text: period

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: port

text: of

text: call

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: East

text: Indiamen

text: would

text: stop

text: there

text: on

text: the

text: return

text: leg

text: of

text: their

text: voyages

text: to

text: British

text: India

text: and

text: China

text: At

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: ships

text: could

text: replenish

text: supplies

text: of

text: water

text: and

text: provisions

text: and

text: during

text: war

text: time

text: form

text: convoys

text: that

text: would

text: sail

text: under

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: vessels

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: Captain

text: James

text: Cook

text: 's

text: vessel

text: HMS

text: Endeavour

text: anchored

text: and

text: resupplied

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: St

text: Helena

text: in

text: May

text: on

text: her

text: return

text: from

text: the

text: European

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: rediscovery

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

question: Saint Helena was an important port of which company?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: What did ships replenish at Saint Helena?

answer: water and provisions

text: water and provisions

question: What vessel was owned by Captain James?

answer: HMS Endeavour

text: HMS Endeavour

question: What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771?

answer: HMS Endeavour

text: HMS Endeavour

question: Vessels of what navy protected convoys?

answer: Royal

text: Royal


text: Following the 1967 war and the "three nos" resolution of the Arab League, during the 1967–1970 War of Attrition Israel faced attacks from the Egyptians in the Sinai, and from Palestinian groups targeting Israelis in the occupied territories, in Israel proper, and around the world. Most important among the various Palestinian and Arab groups was the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), established in 1964, which initially committed itself to "armed struggle as the only way to liberate the homeland". In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Palestinian groups launched a wave of attacks against Israeli and Jewish targets around the world, including a massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. The Israeli government responded with an assassination campaign against the organizers of the massacre, a bombing and a raid on the PLO headquarters in Lebanon.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Following

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: nos

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: League

text: during

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: Attrition

text: Israel

text: faced

text: attacks

text: from

text: the

text: Egyptians

text: in

text: the

text: Sinai

text: and

text: from

text: Palestinian

text: groups

text: targeting

text: Israelis

text: in

text: the

text: occupied

text: territories

text: in

text: Israel

text: proper

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Most

text: important

text: among

text: the

text: various

text: Palestinian

text: and

text: Arab

text: groups

text: was

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Liberation

text: Organization

text: PLO

text: established

text: in

text: which

text: initially

text: committed

text: itself

text: to

text: armed

text: struggle

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: way

text: to

text: liberate

text: the

text: homeland

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Palestinian

text: groups

text: launched

text: a

text: wave

text: of

text: attacks

text: against

text: Israeli

text: and

text: Jewish

text: targets

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: including

text: a

text: massacre

text: of

text: Israeli

text: athletes

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Munich

text: The

text: Israeli

text: government

text: responded

text: with

text: an

text: assassination

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: organizers

text: of

text: the

text: massacre

text: a

text: bombing

text: and

text: a

text: raid

text: on

text: the

text: PLO

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Lebanon

question: Where was the massacre of the Israeli athletes?

answer: 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich

text: 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich

question: What was the resolution of the Arab league?

answer: three nos

text: three nos

question: What did the ELO commit itself on?

answer: armed struggle as the only way to liberate the homeland

text: armed struggle as the only way to liberate the homeland


text: The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: are

text: of

text: Marshallese

text: descent

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: small

text: numbers

text: of

text: immigrants

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: China

text: Philippines

text: and

text: other

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: The

text: two

text: official

text: languages

text: are

text: Marshallese

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Malayo

text: Polynesian

text: languages

text: and

text: English

text: Almost

text: the

text: entire

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: practises

text: some

text: religion

text: with

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: either

text: following

text: the

text: United

text: Church

text: of

text: Christ

text: Congregational

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: UCCCMI

text: or

text: the

text: Assemblies

text: of

text: God

question: What is the ethnicity of most people living in the Marshall Islands?

answer: Marshallese

text: Marshallese

question: What family of languages does Marshallese belong to?

answer: Malayo-Polynesian

text: Malayo-Polynesian

question: What does UCCCMI stand for?

answer: United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands

text: United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands

question: Aside from UCCCMI, what is the other major religious denomination of the Marshall Islands?

answer: the Assemblies of God

text: the Assemblies of God

question: From what non-Asian nation do some people living in the Marshall Islands come?

answer: the United States

text: the United States

question: Of what ancestry are most Marshall Islands citizens?

answer: Marshallese

text: Marshallese

question: Along with Marshallese, what is the official language of the Marshall Islands?

answer: English

text: English

question: Of what language group is the Marshallese language?

answer: Malayo-Polynesian

text: Malayo-Polynesian

question: What fraction of Marshall Islands residents are religious?

answer: three-quarters

text: three-quarters

question: Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands?

answer: the Assemblies of God

text: the Assemblies of God


text: Around this time, tensions began to arise between what was perceived as president Núñez's dictatorial rule and the nationalistic support group, Boixos Nois. The group, identified with a left-wing separatism, repeatedly demanded the resignation of Núñez and openly defied him through chants and banners at matches. At the same time, Barcelona experienced an eruption in skinheads, who often identified with a right-wing separatism. The skinheads slowly transferred the Boixos Nois' ideology from liberalism to fascism, which caused division within the group and a sudden support for Núñez's presidency. Inspired by British hooligans, the remaining Boixos Nois became violent, causing havoc leading to large-scale arrests.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Around

text: this

text: time

text: tensions

text: began

text: to

text: arise

text: between

text: what

text: was

text: perceived

text: as

text: president

text: Núñez

text: 's

text: dictatorial

text: rule

text: and

text: the

text: nationalistic

text: support

text: group

text: Boixos

text: Nois

text: The

text: group

text: identified

text: with

text: a

text: left

text: wing

text: separatism

text: repeatedly

text: demanded

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: Núñez

text: and

text: openly

text: defied

text: him

text: through

text: chants

text: and

text: banners

text: at

text: matches

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Barcelona

text: experienced

text: an

text: eruption

text: in

text: skinheads

text: who

text: often

text: identified

text: with

text: a

text: right

text: wing

text: separatism

text: The

text: skinheads

text: slowly

text: transferred

text: the

text: Boixos

text: Nois

text: ideology

text: from

text: liberalism

text: to

text: fascism

text: which

text: caused

text: division

text: within

text: the

text: group

text: and

text: a

text: sudden

text: support

text: for

text: Núñez

text: 's

text: presidency

text: Inspired

text: by

text: British

text: hooligans

text: the

text: remaining

text: Boixos

text: Nois

text: became

text: violent

text: causing

text: havoc

text: leading

text: to

text: large

text: scale

text: arrests

question: What political group wanted Nunez to resign the presidency?

answer: Boixos Nois

text: Boixos Nois

question: To what did Boixos Nois idetify themselves as belonging?

answer: left-wing separatism

text: left-wing separatism

question: What right-wing separatists tried to spread fascism to the Boixos Nois?

answer: skinheads

text: skinheads

question: What did the resulting split in the Boixos Nois group cause many to support?

answer: Núñez's presidency

text: Núñez's presidency

question: What did the resulting violence perpetrated by the extremists produce?

answer: large-scale arrests

text: large-scale arrests


text: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology". The announcement prompted an op-ed piece in The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy."

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: In

text: May

text: GE

text: announced

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: a

text: program

text: called

text: Ecomagination

text: intended

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: CEO

text: Jeff

text: Immelt

text: to

text: develop

text: tomorrow

text: 's

text: solutions

text: such

text: as

text: solar

text: energy

text: hybrid

text: locomotives

text: fuel

text: cells

text: lower

text: emission

text: aircraft

text: engines

text: lighter

text: and

text: stronger

text: durable

text: materials

text: efficient

text: lighting

text: and

text: water

text: purification

text: technology

text: The

text: announcement

text: prompted

text: an

text: op

text: ed

text: piece

text: in

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: to

text: observe

text: that

text: while

text: General

text: Electric

text: 's

text: increased

text: emphasis

text: on

text: clean

text: technology

text: will

text: probably

text: result

text: in

text: improved

text: products

text: and

text: benefit

text: its

text: bottom

text: line

text: Mr.

text: Immelt

text: 's

text: credibility

text: as

text: a

text: spokesman

text: on

text: national

text: environmental

text: policy

text: is

text: fatally

text: flawed

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: company

text: 's

text: intransigence

text: in

text: cleaning

text: up

text: its

text: own

text: toxic

text: legacy

question: When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program?

answer: May 2005

text: May 2005

question: Who was the CEO of GE when it announced its Ecoimagination program?

answer: Jeff Immelt

text: Jeff Immelt

question: What type of technology related to water was to be developed under the Ecoimagination program?

answer: water purification technology

text: water purification technology

question: Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy?

answer: The New York Times

text: The New York Times

question: What type of locomotive technology was to be developed by GE under its Ecoimagination program?

answer: hybrid

text: hybrid


text: There is ongoing debate about whether central banks should target zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now). Although some economists are in favor of a zero inflation policy and therefore a constant value for the U.S. dollar, others contend that such a policy limits the ability of the central bank to control interest rates and stimulate the economy when needed.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: There

text: is

text: ongoing

text: debate

text: about

text: whether

text: central

text: banks

text: should

text: target

text: zero

text: inflation

text: which

text: would

text: mean

text: a

text: constant

text: value

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: over

text: time

text: or

text: low

text: stable

text: inflation

text: which

text: would

text: mean

text: a

text: continuously

text: but

text: slowly

text: declining

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: dollar

text: over

text: time

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: now

text: Although

text: some

text: economists

text: are

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: zero

text: inflation

text: policy

text: and

text: therefore

text: a

text: constant

text: value

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: others

text: contend

text: that

text: such

text: a

text: policy

text: limits

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: bank

text: to

text: control

text: interest

text: rates

text: and

text: stimulate

text: the

text: economy

text: when

text: needed

question: What would zero inflation mean for the US dollar over time?

answer: constant value

text: constant value

question: What would result in a slow declining of the value of the dollar over time?

answer: low, stable inflation

text: low, stable inflation

question: Who is in favor of a zero inflation policy?

answer: some economists

text: some economists

question: A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and ability to react?

answer: central bank

text: central bank

question: With a zero inflation rate, what would the central bank be unable to do other than control interest rates?

answer: stimulate the economy

text: stimulate the economy


text: Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: Sicily

text: fell

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: Palermo

text: was

text: the

text: preferred

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Frederick

text: II

text: Muslims

text: of

text: Palermo

text: emigrated

text: or

text: were

text: expelled

text: during

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: rule

text: After

text: an

text: interval

text: of

text: Angevin

text: rule

text: Sicily

text: came

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Aragon

text: and

text: Barcelona

text: dynasties

text: By

text: Palermo

text: 's

text: population

text: had

text: declined

text: to

text: From

text: until

text: Palermo

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: and

text: again

text: between

text: and

text: Palermo

text: was

text: also

text: under

text: Savoy

text: control

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: ruled

text: by

text: Austria

text: between

text: and

question: What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?

answer: 1194

question: What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?

answer: emigrated or were expelled

text: emigrated or were expelled

question: What was Palermos population in 1330?

answer: 51,000

question: During what years did Austria rule Palermo?

answer: 1720 and 1734

text: 1720 and 1734


text: Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma's "largest weekend event and the third largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation".

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Norman

text: plays

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: Norman

text: Music

text: Festival

text: a

text: festival

text: that

text: highlights

text: native

text: Oklahoma

text: bands

text: and

text: musicians

text: Norman

text: is

text: also

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: Medieval

text: Fair

text: of

text: Norman

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: and

text: was

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: first

text: medieval

text: fair

text: The

text: Fair

text: was

text: held

text: first

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: oval

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: campus

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: year

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Duck

text: Pond

text: in

text: Norman

text: until

text: the

text: Fair

text: became

text: too

text: big

text: and

text: moved

text: to

text: Reaves

text: Park

text: in

text: The

text: Medieval

text: Fair

text: of

text: Norman

text: is

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: largest

text: weekend

text: event

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: event

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: was

text: selected

text: by

text: Events

text: Media

text: Network

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: nation

question: When did the Medieval Fair of Norman begin?

answer: 1976

question: Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair?

answer: Norman

text: Norman

question: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held for its first 2 years?

answer: the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus

text: the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus

question: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held from 1978 to 2002?

answer: Duck Pond in Norman

text: Duck Pond in Norman

question: Where has the Medieval Fair of Norman been held since 2003?

answer: Reaves Park

text: Reaves Park


text: Agassiz studied glacier movement in the 1840s at the Unteraar Glacier where he found the glacier moved 100 m (328 ft) per year, more rapidly in the middle than at the edges. His work was continued by other scientists and now a permanent laboratory exists inside a glacier under the Jungfraujoch, devoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Agassiz

text: studied

text: glacier

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: at

text: the

text: Unteraar

text: Glacier

text: where

text: he

text: found

text: the

text: glacier

text: moved

text: m

text: ft

text: per

text: year

text: more

text: rapidly

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: than

text: at

text: the

text: edges

text: His

text: work

text: was

text: continued

text: by

text: other

text: scientists

text: and

text: now

text: a

text: permanent

text: laboratory

text: exists

text: inside

text: a

text: glacier

text: under

text: the

text: Jungfraujoch

text: devoted

text: exclusively

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: Alpine

text: glaciers

question: Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s?

answer: the Unteraar Glacier

text: the Unteraar Glacier

question: Agassiz found that the Unteraar Glacier moved how much per year?

answer: 100 m (328 ft)

text: 100 m (328 ft)

question: The movement of the Unteraar Glacier moved more rapidly in what part?

answer: the middle

text: the middle


text: In The Madonna Companion biographers Allen Metz and Carol Benson noted that more than any other recent pop artist, Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and enhance her recorded work. According to them, many of her songs have the imagery of the music video in strong context, while referring to the music. Cultural critic Mark C. Taylor in his book Nots (1993) felt that the postmodern art form par excellence is video and the reigning "queen of video" is Madonna. He further asserted that "the most remarkable creation of MTV is Madonna. The responses to Madonna's excessively provocative videos have been predictably contradictory." The media and public reaction towards her most-discussed songs such as "Papa Don't Preach", "Like a Prayer", or "Justify My Love" had to do with the music videos created to promote the songs and their impact, rather than the songs themselves. Morton felt that "artistically, Madonna's songwriting is often overshadowed by her striking pop videos."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: In

text: The

text: Madonna

text: Companion

text: biographers

text: Allen

text: Metz

text: and

text: Carol

text: Benson

text: noted

text: that

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: recent

text: pop

text: artist

text: Madonna

text: had

text: used

text: MTV

text: and

text: music

text: videos

text: to

text: establish

text: her

text: popularity

text: and

text: enhance

text: her

text: recorded

text: work

text: According

text: to

text: them

text: many

text: of

text: her

text: songs

text: have

text: the

text: imagery

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: video

text: in

text: strong

text: context

text: while

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: Cultural

text: critic

text: Mark

text: C.

text: Taylor

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Nots

text: felt

text: that

text: the

text: postmodern

text: art

text: form

text: par

text: excellence

text: is

text: video

text: and

text: the

text: reigning

text: queen

text: of

text: video

text: is

text: Madonna

text: He

text: further

text: asserted

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: remarkable

text: creation

text: of

text: MTV

text: is

text: Madonna

text: The

text: responses

text: to

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: excessively

text: provocative

text: videos

text: have

text: been

text: predictably

text: contradictory

text: The

text: media

text: and

text: public

text: reaction

text: towards

text: her

text: most

text: discussed

text: songs

text: such

text: as

text: Papa

text: Do

text: n't

text: Preach

text: Like

text: a

text: Prayer

text: or

text: Justify

text: My

text: Love

text: had

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: music

text: videos

text: created

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: songs

text: and

text: their

text: impact

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: songs

text: themselves

text: Morton

text: felt

text: that

text: artistically

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: songwriting

text: is

text: often

text: overshadowed

text: by

text: her

text: striking

text: pop

text: videos

question: Who are the Madonna Companion Biographers?

answer: Allen Metz and Carol Benson

text: Allen Metz and Carol Benson

question: Madonna used which TV company to help with her career?

answer: MTV

text: MTV

question: The most remarkable creation in MTV is whom?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna


text: Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later authorities, known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. Orthodox Judaism generally includes Modern Orthodox Judaism (אורתודוקסיה מודרנית) and Ultra-Orthodox or Haredi Judaism (יהדות חרדית), but complete within is a wide range of philosophies. Although Orthodox Judaism would probably be considered the mainstream expression of Judaism prior to the 19th century, for some Orthodox Judaism is a modern self-identification that distinguishes it from traditional pre-modern Judaism.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: is

text: the

text: approach

text: to

text: religious

text: Judaism

text: which

text: subscribes

text: to

text: a

text: tradition

text: of

text: mass

text: revelation

text: and

text: adheres

text: to

text: the

text: interpretation

text: and

text: application

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: and

text: ethics

text: of

text: the

text: Torah

text: as

text: legislated

text: in

text: the

text: Talmudic

text: texts

text: by

text: the

text: Tanaim

text: and

text: Amoraim

text: These

text: texts

text: were

text: subsequently

text: developed

text: and

text: applied

text: by

text: later

text: authorities

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Gaonim

text: Rishonim

text: and

text: Acharonim

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: generally

text: includes

text: Modern

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: אורתודוקסיה

text: מודרנית

text: and

text: Ultra

text: Orthodox

text: or

text: Haredi

text: Judaism

text: יהדות

text: חרדית

text: but

text: complete

text: within

text: is

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: philosophies

text: Although

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: would

text: probably

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: mainstream

text: expression

text: of

text: Judaism

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: for

text: some

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: is

text: a

text: modern

text: self

text: identification

text: that

text: distinguishes

text: it

text: from

text: traditional

text: pre

text: modern

text: Judaism

question: What is the approach to Judiasm that subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation?

answer: Orthodox

text: Orthodox

question: What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism?

answer: Torah

text: Torah

question: what texts were legislated by the Tanarim and Amoraim?

answer: Talmudic

text: Talmudic

question: What besides Modern Orthodox Judaism does Orthodox Judaism consist of?

answer: Haredi Judaism

text: Haredi Judaism

question: Orthodox Judaism is a self-identification that distinguishes it from what?

answer: pre-modern Judaism

text: pre-modern Judaism


text: Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten months, completely empty, with the exception of the garrisoned soldiers. The Jews of Strasbourg had been evacuated to Périgueux and Limoges, the University had been evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Between

text: the

text: German

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: the

text: Anglo

text: French

text: declaration

text: of

text: War

text: against

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: on

text: September

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: people

text: was

text: evacuated

text: like

text: other

text: border

text: towns

text: as

text: well

text: Until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: troops

text: mid

text: June

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: for

text: ten

text: months

text: completely

text: empty

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: garrisoned

text: soldiers

text: The

text: Jews

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: had

text: been

text: evacuated

text: to

text: Périgueux

text: and

text: Limoges

text: the

text: University

text: had

text: been

text: evacuated

text: to

text: Clermont

text: Ferrand

question: Who invaded Poland on 1 September 1939?

answer: German

text: German

question: How many people were evacuated during the invasion?

answer: 120,000

question: What troops arrived in mid-June 1940?

answer: Wehrmacht troops

text: Wehrmacht troops

question: How long was the city completely empty?

answer: ten months

text: ten months

question: Where was the University evacuated?

answer: Clermont-Ferrand

text: Clermont-Ferrand


text: At the time of the fall of the Egyptian monarchy in the early 1950s, less than half a million Egyptians were considered upper class and rich, four million middle class and 17 million lower class and poor. Fewer than half of all primary-school-age children attended school, most of them being boys. Nasser's policies changed this. Land reform and distribution, the dramatic growth in university education, and government support to national industries greatly improved social mobility and flattened the social curve. From academic year 1953-54 through 1965-66, overall public school enrolments more than doubled. Millions of previously poor Egyptians, through education and jobs in the public sector, joined the middle class. Doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists, constituted the bulk of the swelling middle class in Egypt under Nasser. During the 1960s, the Egyptian economy went from sluggish to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: monarchy

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: less

text: than

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: Egyptians

text: were

text: considered

text: upper

text: class

text: and

text: rich

text: four

text: million

text: middle

text: class

text: and

text: million

text: lower

text: class

text: and

text: poor

text: Fewer

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: primary

text: school

text: age

text: children

text: attended

text: school

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: boys

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: policies

text: changed

text: this

text: Land

text: reform

text: and

text: distribution

text: the

text: dramatic

text: growth

text: in

text: university

text: education

text: and

text: government

text: support

text: to

text: national

text: industries

text: greatly

text: improved

text: social

text: mobility

text: and

text: flattened

text: the

text: social

text: curve

text: From

text: academic

text: year

text: through

text: overall

text: public

text: school

text: enrolments

text: more

text: than

text: doubled

text: Millions

text: of

text: previously

text: poor

text: Egyptians

text: through

text: education

text: and

text: jobs

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: sector

text: joined

text: the

text: middle

text: class

text: Doctors

text: engineers

text: teachers

text: lawyers

text: journalists

text: constituted

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: swelling

text: middle

text: class

text: in

text: Egypt

text: under

text: Nasser

text: During

text: the

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: economy

text: went

text: from

text: sluggish

text: to

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: collapse

text: the

text: society

text: became

text: less

text: free

text: and

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: appeal

text: waned

text: considerably

question: How many rich, upper class were in Egypt in 1950s?

answer: less than half a million

text: less than half a million

question: How many middle class were in Egypt in 1950s

answer: four million

text: four million

question: How many lower class were in Egypt in 1950s

answer: 17 million

text: 17 million

question: What professions made up the buld on middle class under Nasser?

answer: Doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists

text: Doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists

question: What direction did the Egypt economy take in the 1960s?

answer: went from sluggish to the verge of collapse

text: went from sluggish to the verge of collapse


text: Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Following

text: the

text: disbandment

text: of

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: in

text: June

text: she

text: released

text: her

text: second

text: solo

text: album

text: B'Day

text: which

text: contained

text: hits

text: Déjà

text: Vu

text: Irreplaceable

text: and

text: Beautiful

text: Liar

text: Beyoncé

text: also

text: ventured

text: into

text: acting

text: with

text: a

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: nominated

text: performance

text: in

text: Dreamgirls

text: and

text: starring

text: roles

text: in

text: The

text: Pink

text: Panther

text: and

text: Obsessed

text: Her

text: marriage

text: to

text: rapper

text: Jay

text: Z

text: and

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Etta

text: James

text: in

text: Cadillac

text: Records

text: influenced

text: her

text: third

text: album

text: I

text: Am

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: which

text: saw

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: her

text: alter

text: ego

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: and

text: earned

text: a

text: record

text: setting

text: six

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: in

text: including

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: for

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: Put

text: a

text: Ring

text: on

text: It

text: Beyoncé

text: took

text: a

text: hiatus

text: from

text: music

text: in

text: and

text: took

text: over

text: management

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: her

text: fourth

text: album

text: was

text: subsequently

text: mellower

text: in

text: tone

text: exploring

text: funk

text: pop

text: and

text: soul

text: Her

text: critically

text: acclaimed

text: fifth

text: studio

text: album

text: Beyoncé

text: was

text: distinguished

text: from

text: previous

text: releases

text: by

text: its

text: experimental

text: production

text: and

text: exploration

text: of

text: darker

text: themes

question: After her second solo album, what other entertainment venture did Beyonce explore?

answer: acting

text: acting

question: Which artist did Beyonce marry?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: To set the record for Grammys, how many did Beyonce win?

answer: six

text: six

question: For what movie did Beyonce receive  her first Golden Globe nomination?

answer: Dreamgirls

text: Dreamgirls

question: When did Beyonce take a hiatus in her career and take control of her management?

answer: 2010

question: Which album was darker in tone from her previous work?

answer: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

question: After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce?

answer: Cadillac Records

text: Cadillac Records

question: When did Destiny's Child end their group act?

answer: June 2005

text: June 2005

question: What was the name of Beyoncé's second solo album?

answer: B'Day

text: B'Day

question: What was Beyoncé's first acting job, in 2006?

answer: Dreamgirls

text: Dreamgirls

question: Who is Beyoncé married to?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: What is the name of Beyoncé's alter-ego?

answer: Sasha Fierce

text: Sasha Fierce


text: The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC. Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not." The Register reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: The

text: combined

text: business

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: markets

text: for

text: scale

text: out

text: architecture

text: converged

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: private

text: cloud

text: computing

text: playing

text: to

text: the

text: strengths

text: of

text: both

text: EMC

text: and

text: Dell

text: Commentators

text: have

text: questioned

text: the

text: deal

text: with

text: FBR

text: Capital

text: Markets

text: saying

text: that

text: though

text: it

text: makes

text: a

text: ton

text: of

text: sense

text: for

text: Dell

text: it

text: 's

text: a

text: nightmare

text: scenario

text: that

text: would

text: lack

text: strategic

text: synergies

text: for

text: EMC

text: Fortune

text: said

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: lot

text: for

text: Dell

text: to

text: like

text: in

text: EMC

text: 's

text: portfolio

text: but

text: does

text: it

text: all

text: add

text: up

text: enough

text: to

text: justify

text: tens

text: of

text: billions

text: of

text: dollars

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: package

text: Probably

text: not

text: The

text: Register

text: reported

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: William

text: Blair

text: Company

text: that

text: the

text: merger

text: would

text: blow

text: up

text: the

text: current

text: IT

text: chess

text: board

text: forcing

text: other

text: IT

text: infrastructure

text: vendors

text: to

text: restructure

text: to

text: achieve

text: scale

text: and

text: vertical

text: integration

text: The

text: value

text: of

text: VMware

text: stock

text: fell

text: after

text: the

text: announcement

text: valuing

text: the

text: deal

text: at

text: around

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: originally

text: reported

question: What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to address?

answer: private cloud computing

text: private cloud computing

question: What organization commented on the deal between EMC and Dell?

answer: FBR Capital Markets

text: FBR Capital Markets

question: How much did VMware stock fall after the merger announcement?

answer: 10%

question: What was the original valuation of the merger?

answer: $67bn


text: From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, all members of CPC Politburo Standing Committee signaling the commitment of senior Chinese leaders to development of Tibet and ethnic Tibetan areas. The plan calls for improvement of rural Tibetan income to national standards by 2020 and free education for all rural Tibetan children. China has invested 310 billion yuan (about 45.6 billion U.S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. "Tibet's GDP was expected to reach 43.7 billion yuan in 2009, up 170 percent from that in 2000 and posting an annual growth of 12.3 percent over the past nine years."

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: From

text: January

text: a

text: national

text: conference

text: on

text: Tibet

text: and

text: areas

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Tibetans

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: Yunnan

text: Gansu

text: and

text: Qinghai

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: a

text: substantial

text: plan

text: to

text: improve

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: areas

text: was

text: announced

text: The

text: conference

text: was

text: attended

text: by

text: General

text: secretary

text: Hu

text: Jintao

text: Wu

text: Bangguo

text: Wen

text: Jiabao

text: Jia

text: Qinglin

text: Li

text: Changchun

text: Xi

text: Jinping

text: Li

text: Keqiang

text: He

text: Guoqiang

text: and

text: Zhou

text: Yongkang

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: CPC

text: Politburo

text: Standing

text: Committee

text: signaling

text: the

text: commitment

text: of

text: senior

text: Chinese

text: leaders

text: to

text: development

text: of

text: Tibet

text: and

text: ethnic

text: Tibetan

text: areas

text: The

text: plan

text: calls

text: for

text: improvement

text: of

text: rural

text: Tibetan

text: income

text: to

text: national

text: standards

text: by

text: and

text: free

text: education

text: for

text: all

text: rural

text: Tibetan

text: children

text: China

text: has

text: invested

text: billion

text: yuan

text: about

text: billion

text: U.S.

text: dollars

text: in

text: Tibet

text: since

text: Tibet

text: 's

text: GDP

text: was

text: expected

text: to

text: reach

text: billion

text: yuan

text: in

text: up

text: percent

text: from

text: that

text: in

text: and

text: posting

text: an

text: annual

text: growth

text: of

text: percent

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: nine

text: years

question: In what year was a national conference on Tibet held in China?

answer: 2010

question: Members of which committee attended the conference?

answer: CPC Politburo Standing Committee

text: CPC Politburo Standing Committee

question: By when does the plan call for improvement of rural Tibetan income?

answer: 2020

question: What does the plan call for all rural Tibetan children to receive for free?

answer: education

text: education

question: How much, in US dollars, has China invested in Tibet since 2001?

answer: about 45.6 billion

text: about 45.6 billion


text: Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Despite

text: its

text: relative

text: lexical

text: unity

text: the

text: two

text: dialectal

text: blocks

text: of

text: Catalan

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Western

text: show

text: some

text: differences

text: in

text: word

text: choices

text: Any

text: lexical

text: divergence

text: within

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: groups

text: can

text: be

text: explained

text: as

text: an

text: archaism

text: Also

text: usually

text: Central

text: Catalan

text: acts

text: as

text: an

text: innovative

text: element

question: As what can divergence in the groups be shown?

answer: as an archaism

text: as an archaism

question: How does central Catalan behave with the groups?

answer: as an innovative element

text: as an innovative element

question: What are the two dialectical groups of Catalan?

answer: Eastern and Western

text: Eastern and Western

question: What language has a lexical unity?

answer: Catalan

text: Catalan


text: Hoping to extend the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, noted for its brutal guerrilla warfare, and culminated in an Allied victory. Fighting also erupted in Central Europe, as the Austrians launched another attack against the French in 1809. Napoleon defeated them at the Battle of Wagram, dissolving the Fifth Coalition formed against France. By 1811, Napoleon ruled over 70 million people across an empire that had domination in Europe, which had not witnessed this level of political consolidation since the days of the Roman Empire. He maintained his strategic status through a series of alliances and family appointments. He created a new aristocracy in France while allowing the return of nobles who had been forced into exile by the Revolution.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Hoping

text: to

text: extend

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: Napoleon

text: invaded

text: Iberia

text: and

text: declared

text: his

text: brother

text: Joseph

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Spain

text: in

text: The

text: Spanish

text: and

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: revolted

text: with

text: British

text: support

text: The

text: Peninsular

text: War

text: lasted

text: six

text: years

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: brutal

text: guerrilla

text: warfare

text: and

text: culminated

text: in

text: an

text: Allied

text: victory

text: Fighting

text: also

text: erupted

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: as

text: the

text: Austrians

text: launched

text: another

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: Napoleon

text: defeated

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Wagram

text: dissolving

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Coalition

text: formed

text: against

text: France

text: By

text: Napoleon

text: ruled

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: across

text: an

text: empire

text: that

text: had

text: domination

text: in

text: Europe

text: which

text: had

text: not

text: witnessed

text: this

text: level

text: of

text: political

text: consolidation

text: since

text: the

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: He

text: maintained

text: his

text: strategic

text: status

text: through

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: alliances

text: and

text: family

text: appointments

text: He

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: aristocracy

text: in

text: France

text: while

text: allowing

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: nobles

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: forced

text: into

text: exile

text: by

text: the

text: Revolution

question: What country did Napoleon invade to extend the Continental System?

answer: Iberia

text: Iberia

question: How long did the Peninsular War last?

answer: six years

text: six years

question: With what victory did Napoleon dissolve the Fifth Coalition against France?

answer: Battle of Wagram

text: Battle of Wagram

question: How many people did Napoleon rule by 1811?

answer: over 70 million

text: over 70 million

question: When, before Napoleon, had Europe last seen the same level of political consolidation?

answer: the Roman Empire

text: the Roman Empire

question: What region did Napoleon invade in an effort to extend the Continental System?

answer: Iberia

text: Iberia

question: Who did Napoleon declare King of Spain in 1808?

answer: his brother Joseph

text: his brother Joseph

question: How long did the Peninsular War last?

answer: six years

text: six years

question: Napoleon's victory at which battle resulted in the destruction of the Fifth Coalition?

answer: the Battle of Wagram

text: the Battle of Wagram

question: By 1811, what was the population of Napoleon's Empire?

answer: over 70 million people

text: over 70 million people


text: Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: Before

text: creation

text: of

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: fearing

text: Germany

text: rearmed

text: Czechoslovak

text: leadership

text: sought

text: to

text: create

text: security

text: pact

text: with

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: Poland

text: These

text: states

text: protested

text: strongly

text: against

text: re

text: militarization

text: of

text: West

text: Germany

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: was

text: primarily

text: put

text: in

text: place

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: rearming

text: of

text: West

text: Germany

text: inside

text: NATO

text: Soviet

text: leaders

text: as

text: many

text: European

text: countries

text: in

text: both

text: western

text: and

text: eastern

text: side

text: feared

text: Germany

text: being

text: once

text: again

text: a

text: military

text: power

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: threat

text: and

text: German

text: militarism

text: remained

text: a

text: fresh

text: memory

text: among

text: Soviets

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europeans

text: As

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: had

text: already

text: bilateral

text: treaties

text: with

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: eastern

text: satellites

text: the

text: Pact

text: has

text: been

text: long

text: considered

text: superfluous

text: and

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: rushed

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: conceived

text: NATO

text: officials

text: labeled

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: cardboard

text: castle

text: Previously

text: in

text: March

text: the

text: USSR

text: fearing

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: German

text: Militarism

text: in

text: West

text: Germany

text: requested

text: admission

text: to

text: NATO

question: The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself?

answer: West Germany

text: West Germany

question: Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?

answer: the USSR

text: the USSR


text: To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963. The book's racial slurs, profanity, and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States. The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000–2009.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: significant

text: controversy

text: since

text: its

text: being

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: classroom

text: study

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: The

text: book

text: 's

text: racial

text: slurs

text: profanity

text: and

text: frank

text: discussion

text: of

text: rape

text: have

text: led

text: people

text: to

text: challenge

text: its

text: appropriateness

text: in

text: libraries

text: and

text: classrooms

text: across

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: American

text: Library

text: Association

text: reported

text: that

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: was

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: frequently

text: challenged

text: books

text: of

question: To Kill a Mockingbird was first studied in American schools in what year?

answer: 1963

question: The American Library Associated ranked To Kill a Mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009?

answer: 21

question: In what year did the book become a subject of classroom study?

answer: 1963

question: According to The American Library Association, what rank did the book have among the most frequently challenged books from 2000 to 2009?

answer: 21


text: Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: military

text: embarkation

text: including

text: during

text: century

text: wars

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: the

text: Crimean

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: Boer

text: War

text: Southampton

text: was

text: designated

text: No

text: Military

text: Embarkation

text: port

text: during

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: centre

text: for

text: treating

text: the

text: returning

text: wounded

text: and

text: POWs

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: preparations

text: for

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

question: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?

answer: embarkation

text: embarkation

question: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?

answer: the Crimean war

text: the Crimean war

question: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?

answer: the Great War

text: the Great War

question: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?

answer: POWs

text: POWs

question: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?

answer: 1944


text: Some scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries, and dooms the third world economies to low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports. More children that work in poor countries, the fewer and worse-paid are the jobs for adults in these countries. In other words, there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour from children aged 18 years or less, everywhere in the world.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Some

text: scholars[who

text: suggest

text: any

text: labour

text: by

text: children

text: aged

text: years

text: or

text: less

text: is

text: wrong

text: since

text: this

text: encourages

text: illiteracy

text: inhumane

text: work

text: and

text: lower

text: investment

text: in

text: human

text: capital

text: Child

text: labour

text: claim

text: these

text: activists

text: also

text: leads

text: to

text: poor

text: labour

text: standards

text: for

text: adults

text: depresses

text: the

text: wages

text: of

text: adults

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: developed

text: countries

text: and

text: dooms

text: the

text: third

text: world

text: economies

text: to

text: low

text: skill

text: jobs

text: only

text: capable

text: of

text: producing

text: poor

text: quality

text: cheap

text: exports

text: More

text: children

text: that

text: work

text: in

text: poor

text: countries

text: the

text: fewer

text: and

text: worse

text: paid

text: are

text: the

text: jobs

text: for

text: adults

text: in

text: these

text: countries

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: there

text: are

text: moral

text: and

text: economic

text: reasons

text: that

text: justify

text: a

text: blanket

text: ban

text: on

text: labour

text: from

text: children

text: aged

text: years

text: or

text: less

text: everywhere

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What does child labour do for adults?

answer: leads to poor labour standards

text: leads to poor labour standards

question: What happens to the wages of adults?

answer: depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries

text: depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries

question: What are the implications for third world countries with regards to child labour?

answer: low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports

text: low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports

question: Does ending child labour have a global value?

answer: there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour

text: there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour


text: The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) and the European E-Commerce Directive (2000) provide online intermediaries with limited statutory immunity from liability for copyright infringement. Online intermediaries hosting content that infringes copyright are not liable, so long as they do not know about it and take actions once the infringing content is brought to their attention. In U.S. law this is characterized as "safe harbor" provisions. Under European law, the governing principles for Internet Service Providers are "mere conduit", meaning that they are neutral 'pipes' with no knowledge of what they are carrying; and 'no obligation to monitor' meaning that they cannot be given a general mandate by governments to monitor content. These two principles are a barrier for certain forms of online copyright enforcement and they were the reason behind an attempt to amend the European Telecoms Package in 2009 to support new measures against copyright infringement.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Digital

text: Millennium

text: Copyright

text: Act

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: E

text: Commerce

text: Directive

text: provide

text: online

text: intermediaries

text: with

text: limited

text: statutory

text: immunity

text: from

text: liability

text: for

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: Online

text: intermediaries

text: hosting

text: content

text: that

text: infringes

text: copyright

text: are

text: not

text: liable

text: so

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: about

text: it

text: and

text: take

text: actions

text: once

text: the

text: infringing

text: content

text: is

text: brought

text: to

text: their

text: attention

text: In

text: U.S.

text: law

text: this

text: is

text: characterized

text: as

text: safe

text: harbor

text: provisions

text: Under

text: European

text: law

text: the

text: governing

text: principles

text: for

text: Internet

text: Service

text: Providers

text: are

text: mere

text: conduit

text: meaning

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: neutral

text: pipes

text: with

text: no

text: knowledge

text: of

text: what

text: they

text: are

text: carrying

text: and

text: no

text: obligation

text: to

text: monitor

text: meaning

text: that

text: they

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: given

text: a

text: general

text: mandate

text: by

text: governments

text: to

text: monitor

text: content

text: These

text: two

text: principles

text: are

text: a

text: barrier

text: for

text: certain

text: forms

text: of

text: online

text: copyright

text: enforcement

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: reason

text: behind

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: European

text: Telecoms

text: Package

text: in

text: to

text: support

text: new

text: measures

text: against

text: copyright

text: infringement

question: What law enacted in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity?

answer: Digital Millennium Copyright Act

text: Digital Millennium Copyright Act

question: How is this law characterized in the U.S.?

answer: safe harbor

text: safe harbor

question: In the E.U., what are the governing principles for ISP's?

answer: mere conduit

text: mere conduit

question: What is it called when intermediaries cannot be given an order by governments to monitor what happens on their services?

answer: no obligation to monitor

text: no obligation to monitor

question: What was attempted to be amended in 2009 to support new ways to prevent copyright infringement?

answer: European Telecoms Package

text: European Telecoms Package


text: In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau caused many families to shelter in evacuation centres or with other families. Nui suffered the most damage of the three central islands (Nui, Nukufetau and Vaitupu); with both Nui and Nukufetau suffering the loss of 90% of the crops. Of the three northern islands (Nanumanga, Niutao, Nanumea), Nanumanga suffered the most damage, with 60-100 houses flooded, with the waves also causing damage to the health facility. Vasafua islet, part of the Funafuti Conservation Area, was severely damaged by Cyclone Pam. The coconut palms were washed away, leaving the islet as a sand bar.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: winds

text: and

text: storm

text: surge

text: created

text: by

text: Cyclone

text: Pam

text: resulted

text: in

text: waves

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: to

text: metres

text: ft

text: breaking

text: over

text: the

text: reef

text: of

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: caused

text: damage

text: to

text: houses

text: crops

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: On

text: Nui

text: the

text: sources

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: were

text: destroyed

text: or

text: contaminated

text: The

text: flooding

text: in

text: Nui

text: and

text: Nukufetau

text: caused

text: many

text: families

text: to

text: shelter

text: in

text: evacuation

text: centres

text: or

text: with

text: other

text: families

text: Nui

text: suffered

text: the

text: most

text: damage

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: central

text: islands

text: Nui

text: Nukufetau

text: and

text: Vaitupu

text: with

text: both

text: Nui

text: and

text: Nukufetau

text: suffering

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: crops

text: Of

text: the

text: three

text: northern

text: islands

text: Nanumanga

text: Niutao

text: Nanumea

text: Nanumanga

text: suffered

text: the

text: most

text: damage

text: with

text: houses

text: flooded

text: with

text: the

text: waves

text: also

text: causing

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: health

text: facility

text: Vasafua

text: islet

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Funafuti

text: Conservation

text: Area

text: was

text: severely

text: damaged

text: by

text: Cyclone

text: Pam

text: The

text: coconut

text: palms

text: were

text: washed

text: away

text: leaving

text: the

text: islet

text: as

text: a

text: sand

text: bar

question: What were the wave heights during Cyclone Pam on Tuvalu?

answer: 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft)

text: 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft)

question: In what year did Cyclone Pam strike Tuvalu?

answer: March 2015

text: March 2015

question: During Cyclone Pam which island had the most damage?

answer: Nui

text: Nui

question: What percentage of Tuvalu crops were destroyed during  Cyclone Pam?

answer: 90%

question: The loss of what caused the Vasafua islet to become  a sand bar due to Cyclone Pam?

answer: coconut palms

text: coconut palms


text: A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smiling, frowning, baring teeth), and appraisals of situational cues. One comprehensive theory of emotional arousal in humans has been developed by Jonathan Turner (2007: 2009). Two of the key eliciting factors for the arousal of emotions within this theory are expectations states and sanctions. When people enter a situation or encounter with certain expectations for how the encounter should unfold, they will experience different emotions depending on the extent to which expectations for Self, other and situation are met or not met. People can also provide positive or negative sanctions directed at Self or other which also trigger different emotional experiences in individuals. Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience. Based on this analysis, he identified four emotions that all researchers consider being founded on human neurology including assertive-anger, aversion-fear, satisfaction-happiness, and disappointment-sadness. These four categories are called primary emotions and there is some agreement amongst researchers that these primary emotions become combined to produce more elaborate and complex emotional experiences. These more elaborate emotions are called first-order elaborations in Turner's theory and they include sentiments such as pride, triumph, and awe. Emotions can also be experienced at different levels of intensity so that feelings of concern are a low-intensity variation of the primary emotion aversion-fear whereas depression is a higher intensity variant.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: A

text: common

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: emotions

text: are

text: conceptualized

text: in

text: sociology

text: is

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: multidimensional

text: characteristics

text: including

text: cultural

text: or

text: emotional

text: labels

text: e.g.

text: anger

text: pride

text: fear

text: happiness

text: physiological

text: changes

text: e.g.

text: increased

text: perspiration

text: changes

text: in

text: pulse

text: rate

text: expressive

text: facial

text: and

text: body

text: movements

text: e.g.

text: smiling

text: frowning

text: baring

text: teeth

text: and

text: appraisals

text: of

text: situational

text: cues

text: One

text: comprehensive

text: theory

text: of

text: emotional

text: arousal

text: in

text: humans

text: has

text: been

text: developed

text: by

text: Jonathan

text: Turner

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: key

text: eliciting

text: factors

text: for

text: the

text: arousal

text: of

text: emotions

text: within

text: this

text: theory

text: are

text: expectations

text: states

text: and

text: sanctions

text: When

text: people

text: enter

text: a

text: situation

text: or

text: encounter

text: with

text: certain

text: expectations

text: for

text: how

text: the

text: encounter

text: should

text: unfold

text: they

text: will

text: experience

text: different

text: emotions

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: expectations

text: for

text: Self

text: other

text: and

text: situation

text: are

text: met

text: or

text: not

text: met

text: People

text: can

text: also

text: provide

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: sanctions

text: directed

text: at

text: Self

text: or

text: other

text: which

text: also

text: trigger

text: different

text: emotional

text: experiences

text: in

text: individuals

text: Turner

text: analyzed

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: emotion

text: theories

text: across

text: different

text: fields

text: of

text: research

text: including

text: sociology

text: psychology

text: evolutionary

text: science

text: and

text: neuroscience

text: Based

text: on

text: this

text: analysis

text: he

text: identified

text: four

text: emotions

text: that

text: all

text: researchers

text: consider

text: being

text: founded

text: on

text: human

text: neurology

text: including

text: assertive

text: anger

text: aversion

text: fear

text: satisfaction

text: happiness

text: and

text: disappointment

text: sadness

text: These

text: four

text: categories

text: are

text: called

text: primary

text: emotions

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: agreement

text: amongst

text: researchers

text: that

text: these

text: primary

text: emotions

text: become

text: combined

text: to

text: produce

text: more

text: elaborate

text: and

text: complex

text: emotional

text: experiences

text: These

text: more

text: elaborate

text: emotions

text: are

text: called

text: first

text: order

text: elaborations

text: in

text: Turner

text: 's

text: theory

text: and

text: they

text: include

text: sentiments

text: such

text: as

text: pride

text: triumph

text: and

text: awe

text: Emotions

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: experienced

text: at

text: different

text: levels

text: of

text: intensity

text: so

text: that

text: feelings

text: of

text: concern

text: are

text: a

text: low

text: intensity

text: variation

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: emotion

text: aversion

text: fear

text: whereas

text: depression

text: is

text: a

text: higher

text: intensity

text: variant

question: Along with anger, pride and happiness, what is an example of an emotional label?

answer: fear

text: fear

question: Aside from increased perspiration, what is a physiological change related to emotions?

answer: changes in pulse rate

text: changes in pulse rate

question: Along with smiling and frowning, what is an example of a facial or body movement caused by emotion?

answer: baring teeth

text: baring teeth

question: Who developed a comprehensive theory related to human emotional arousal?

answer: Jonathan Turner

text: Jonathan Turner

question: How many emotional categories did Turner recognize as being founded on human neurology?

answer: four

text: four


text: Liquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitable trade in grain when he eliminated speculation by selling government-stored grain at a lower price than demanded by merchants. Apart from Emperor Ming's creation of a short-lived Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization, which was abolished in 68 AD, central-government price control regulations were largely absent during the Eastern Han.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Liquor

text: was

text: another

text: profitable

text: private

text: industry

text: nationalized

text: by

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: in

text: BC

text: However

text: this

text: was

text: repealed

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: a

text: property

text: tax

text: rate

text: of

text: two

text: coins

text: for

text: every

text: L

text: gallons

text: was

text: levied

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: traded

text: it

text: privately

text: By

text: BC

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: also

text: interfered

text: with

text: the

text: profitable

text: trade

text: in

text: grain

text: when

text: he

text: eliminated

text: speculation

text: by

text: selling

text: government

text: stored

text: grain

text: at

text: a

text: lower

text: price

text: than

text: demanded

text: by

text: merchants

text: Apart

text: from

text: Emperor

text: Ming

text: 's

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: Office

text: for

text: Price

text: Adjustment

text: and

text: Stabilization

text: which

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: AD

text: central

text: government

text: price

text: control

text: regulations

text: were

text: largely

text: absent

text: during

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Han

question: What industry was monopolized by the government in 98 BC?

answer: Liquor

text: Liquor

question: In what year did the liquor industry once again become privatized?

answer: 81 BC

text: 81 BC

question: What was mostly missing during the Eastern Han?

answer: price control regulations

text: price control regulations

question: What did Emperor Wu sell that offended the merchants?

answer: grain

text: grain

question: What office did Emperor Ming create?

answer: Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization

text: Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization


text: In its 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time, Rolling Stone included three of West's albums—The College Dropout at number 298, Late Registration at number 118, and My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy at number 353.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: In

text: its

text: list

text: of

text: Greatest

text: Albums

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: included

text: three

text: of

text: West

text: 's

text: albums

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: at

text: number

text: Late

text: Registration

text: at

text: number

text: and

text: My

text: Beautiful

text: Dark

text: Twisted

text: Fantasy

text: at

text: number

question: How many of Kanye's albums placed on the 2012 Rolling Stone list?

answer: 3

question: How many of West's albums were included on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list?

answer: 3


text: The average temperature is 61.4 °F (16.3 °C), with the monthly daily average ranging from 39.2 °F (4.0 °C) in January to 83.0 °F (28.3 °C) in July. Extremes range from −17 °F (−27 °C) on February 12, 1899 to 113 °F (45 °C) on August 11, 1936 and August 3, 2012; the last sub-zero (°F) reading was −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 10, 2011. Temperatures reach 100 °F (38 °C) on 10.4 days of the year, 90 °F (32 °C) on nearly 70 days, and fail to rise above freezing on 8.3 days. The city receives about 35.9 inches (91.2 cm) of precipitation annually, of which 8.6 inches (21.8 cm) is snow.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: average

text: temperature

text: is

text: F

text: C

text: with

text: the

text: monthly

text: daily

text: average

text: ranging

text: from

text: F

text: C

text: in

text: January

text: to

text: F

text: C

text: in

text: July

text: Extremes

text: range

text: from

text: F

text: C

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: F

text: C

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: August

text: the

text: last

text: sub

text: zero

text: F

text: reading

text: was

text: −5

text: F

text: C

text: on

text: February

text: Temperatures

text: reach

text: F

text: C

text: on

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: F

text: C

text: on

text: nearly

text: days

text: and

text: fail

text: to

text: rise

text: above

text: freezing

text: on

text: days

text: The

text: city

text: receives

text: about

text: inches

text: cm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: annually

text: of

text: which

text: inches

text: cm

text: is

text: snow

question: How much precipitation on average falls within the city?

answer: 35.9 inches

text: 35.9 inches

question: Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?

answer: 8.6 inches

text: 8.6 inches


text: In the United States, 25 Hz, a once-common industrial power frequency is used on Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system at 12 kV on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C. and New York City and on the Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. SEPTA's 25 Hz traction power system uses the same 12 kV voltage on the catenary in Northeast Philadelphia. This allows for the trains to operate on both the Amtrak and SEPTA power systems. Apart from having an identical catenary voltage, the power distribution systems of Amtrak and SEPTA are very different. The Amtrak power distribution system has a 138 kV transmission network that provides power to substations which then transform the voltage to 12 kV to feed the catenary system. The SEPTA power distribution system uses a 2:1 ratio autotransformer system, with the catenary fed at 12 kV and a return feeder wire fed at 24 kV. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad used an 11 kV system between New York City and New Haven, Connecticut which was converted to 12.5 kV 60 Hz in 1987.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Hz

text: a

text: once

text: common

text: industrial

text: power

text: frequency

text: is

text: used

text: on

text: Amtrak

text: 's

text: Hz

text: traction

text: power

text: system

text: at

text: kV

text: on

text: the

text: Northeast

text: Corridor

text: between

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Keystone

text: Corridor

text: between

text: Harrisburg

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: Philadelphia

text: SEPTA

text: 's

text: Hz

text: traction

text: power

text: system

text: uses

text: the

text: same

text: kV

text: voltage

text: on

text: the

text: catenary

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Philadelphia

text: This

text: allows

text: for

text: the

text: trains

text: to

text: operate

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: Amtrak

text: and

text: SEPTA

text: power

text: systems

text: Apart

text: from

text: having

text: an

text: identical

text: catenary

text: voltage

text: the

text: power

text: distribution

text: systems

text: of

text: Amtrak

text: and

text: SEPTA

text: are

text: very

text: different

text: The

text: Amtrak

text: power

text: distribution

text: system

text: has

text: a

text: kV

text: transmission

text: network

text: that

text: provides

text: power

text: to

text: substations

text: which

text: then

text: transform

text: the

text: voltage

text: to

text: kV

text: to

text: feed

text: the

text: catenary

text: system

text: The

text: SEPTA

text: power

text: distribution

text: system

text: uses

text: a

text: ratio

text: autotransformer

text: system

text: with

text: the

text: catenary

text: fed

text: at

text: kV

text: and

text: a

text: return

text: feeder

text: wire

text: fed

text: at

text: kV.

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: New

text: Haven

text: and

text: Hartford

text: Railroad

text: used

text: an

text: kV

text: system

text: between

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: New

text: Haven

text: Connecticut

text: which

text: was

text: converted

text: to

text: kV

text: Hz

text: in

question: What frequency was typically used on US Amtrak?

answer: 25 Hz

text: 25 Hz

question: What voltage does SEPTA system use?

answer: 12 kV voltage

text: 12 kV voltage

question: What specification is similar for both Amtrak and Septa systems?

answer: catenary voltage

text: catenary voltage

question: When was a 11kV system of NY, New Haven and Hartford was converted to 12.5 kV?

answer: 1987


text: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate the ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm. (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, democracy, fairness, and honesty.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: The

text: appearance

text: of

text: more

text: systematic

text: abstract

text: thinking

text: is

text: another

text: notable

text: aspect

text: of

text: cognitive

text: development

text: during

text: adolescence

text: For

text: example

text: adolescents

text: find

text: it

text: easier

text: than

text: children

text: to

text: comprehend

text: the

text: sorts

text: of

text: higher

text: order

text: abstract

text: logic

text: inherent

text: in

text: puns

text: proverbs

text: metaphors

text: and

text: analogies

text: Their

text: increased

text: facility

text: permits

text: them

text: to

text: appreciate

text: the

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: language

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: convey

text: multiple

text: messages

text: such

text: as

text: satire

text: metaphor

text: and

text: sarcasm

text: Children

text: younger

text: than

text: age

text: nine

text: often

text: can

text: not

text: comprehend

text: sarcasm

text: at

text: all

text: This

text: also

text: permits

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: advanced

text: reasoning

text: and

text: logical

text: processes

text: to

text: social

text: and

text: ideological

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: interpersonal

text: relationships

text: politics

text: philosophy

text: religion

text: morality

text: friendship

text: faith

text: democracy

text: fairness

text: and

text: honesty

question: Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively?

answer: adolescents

text: adolescents

question: Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic?

answer: higher-order

text: higher-order

question: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence?

answer: cognitive

text: cognitive


text: Instead, he formulated the spearhead model of evolution, a version of genetic pluralism. According to this model, living organisms themselves have goals, and act according to these goals, each guided by a central control. In its most sophisticated form, this is the brain of humans, but controls also exist in much less sophisticated ways for species of lower complexity, such as the amoeba. This control organ plays a special role in evolution—it is the "spearhead of evolution". The goals bring the purpose into the world. Mutations in the genes that determine the structure of the control may then cause drastic changes in behaviour, preferences and goals, without having an impact on the organism's phenotype. Popper postulates that such purely behavioural changes are less likely to be lethal for the organism compared to drastic changes of the phenotype.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Instead

text: he

text: formulated

text: the

text: spearhead

text: model

text: of

text: evolution

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: genetic

text: pluralism

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: model

text: living

text: organisms

text: themselves

text: have

text: goals

text: and

text: act

text: according

text: to

text: these

text: goals

text: each

text: guided

text: by

text: a

text: central

text: control

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: sophisticated

text: form

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: brain

text: of

text: humans

text: but

text: controls

text: also

text: exist

text: in

text: much

text: less

text: sophisticated

text: ways

text: for

text: species

text: of

text: lower

text: complexity

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: amoeba

text: This

text: control

text: organ

text: plays

text: a

text: special

text: role

text: in

text: evolution

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: spearhead

text: of

text: evolution

text: The

text: goals

text: bring

text: the

text: purpose

text: into

text: the

text: world

text: Mutations

text: in

text: the

text: genes

text: that

text: determine

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: control

text: may

text: then

text: cause

text: drastic

text: changes

text: in

text: behaviour

text: preferences

text: and

text: goals

text: without

text: having

text: an

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: organism

text: 's

text: phenotype

text: Popper

text: postulates

text: that

text: such

text: purely

text: behavioural

text: changes

text: are

text: less

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: lethal

text: for

text: the

text: organism

text: compared

text: to

text: drastic

text: changes

text: of

text: the

text: phenotype

question: What is the name of Popper's model of evolution?

answer: spearhead

text: spearhead

question: Popper's model of evolution is part of what family of models?

answer: genetic pluralism

text: genetic pluralism

question: What directs the actions of organisms in Popper's biological model?

answer: goals

text: goals

question: Organisms' goals shift along with which notable genetic process?

answer: Mutations

text: Mutations