text: After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: After

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: however

text: it

text: became

text: apparent

text: that

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: mixed

text: race

text: people

text: was

text: growing

text: at

text: a

text: faster

text: rate

text: than

text: the

text: white

text: population

text: and

text: by

text: fear

text: of

text: the

text: half

text: caste

text: menace

text: undermining

text: the

text: White

text: Australia

text: ideal

text: from

text: within

text: was

text: being

text: taken

text: as

text: a

text: serious

text: concern

text: Dr.

text: Cecil

text: Cook

text: the

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: Protector

text: of

text: Natives

text: noted

text: that

question: Which race was growing faster after the First World War?

answer: mixed-race people

text: mixed-race people

question: What did people fear in 1930?

answer: "half-caste menace"

text: "half-caste menace"

question: What did this menace undermine?

answer: the White Australia ideal

text: the White Australia ideal

question: Who noted this particular fear?

answer: Dr. Cecil Cook

text: Dr. Cecil Cook

question: Who is Dr. Cecil Cook?

answer: the Northern Territory Protector of Natives,

text: the Northern Territory Protector of Natives,


text: Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: Post

text: punk

text: was

text: an

text: eclectic

text: genre

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: musical

text: innovations

text: and

text: helped

text: merge

text: white

text: and

text: black

text: musical

text: styles

text: Out

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: punk

text: milieu

text: came

text: the

text: beginnings

text: of

text: various

text: subsequent

text: genres

text: including

text: new

text: wave

text: dance

text: rock

text: New

text: Pop

text: industrial

text: music

text: synthpop

text: post

text: hardcore

text: neo

text: psychedelia

text: alternative

text: rock

text: and

text: house

text: music

text: Bands

text: such

text: as

text: Joy

text: Division

text: Siouxsie

text: and

text: the

text: Banshees

text: Bauhaus

text: and

text: the

text: Cure

text: played

text: in

text: a

text: darker

text: more

text: morose

text: style

text: of

text: post

text: punk

text: that

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: gothic

text: rock

text: genre

question: What musical styles did post-punk help merge?

answer: white and black musical styles

text: white and black musical styles

question: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk?

answer: various subsequent genres

text: various subsequent genres

question: New wave, industrial music, synthpop and house all share roots in what genre?

answer: post-punk

text: post-punk

question: What style of music did post-punk band the Cure play in?

answer: darker, more morose

text: darker, more morose

question: What genre of music did Joy Division help in the development of?

answer: gothic rock

text: gothic rock

question: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality?

answer: Post-punk

text: Post-punk

question: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock?

answer: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure

text: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure

question: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from?

answer: Post-punk

text: Post-punk

question: What type of music was gothic rock?

answer: darker, more morose style

text: darker, more morose style

question: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for?

answer: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music

text: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music


text: Although a resonant antenna has a purely resistive feed-point impedance at a particular frequency, many (if not most) applications require using an antenna over a range of frequencies. An antenna's bandwidth specifies the range of frequencies over which its performance does not suffer due to a poor impedance match. Also in the case of a Yagi-Uda array, the use of the antenna very far away from its design frequency reduces the antenna's directivity, thus reducing the usable bandwidth regardless of impedance matching.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Although

text: a

text: resonant

text: antenna

text: has

text: a

text: purely

text: resistive

text: feed

text: point

text: impedance

text: at

text: a

text: particular

text: frequency

text: many

text: if

text: not

text: most

text: applications

text: require

text: using

text: an

text: antenna

text: over

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: frequencies

text: An

text: antenna

text: 's

text: bandwidth

text: specifies

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: frequencies

text: over

text: which

text: its

text: performance

text: does

text: not

text: suffer

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: poor

text: impedance

text: match

text: Also

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: Yagi

text: Uda

text: array

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: very

text: far

text: away

text: from

text: its

text: design

text: frequency

text: reduces

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: directivity

text: thus

text: reducing

text: the

text: usable

text: bandwidth

text: regardless

text: of

text: impedance

text: matching

question: What type of antenna has impedance at a specific frequency?

answer: resonant

text: resonant

question: What term can be used to refer to the usable spectrum of an antennas frequency?

answer: bandwidth

text: bandwidth

question: What causes the frequencies outside of the bandwidth to be unusable?

answer: impedance match

text: impedance match

question: What is lessened by the Yagi-Uda design?

answer: directivity

text: directivity


text: Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left would be eaten, for it would soon start to rot and decay. The selected livestock had in fact already been slaughtered in November and the meat would be no longer preservable. All the food that had survived the winter had to be eaten to assure that everyone was fed enough to survive until the coming spring would provide new food sources.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Traditionally

text: a

text: carnival

text: feast

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: opportunity

text: to

text: eat

text: well

text: before

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: food

text: shortage

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: winter

text: during

text: which

text: one

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: minimum

text: necessary

text: On

text: what

text: nowadays

text: is

text: called

text: vastenavond

text: the

text: days

text: before

text: fasting

text: all

text: the

text: remaining

text: winter

text: stores

text: of

text: lard

text: butter

text: and

text: meat

text: which

text: were

text: left

text: would

text: be

text: eaten

text: for

text: it

text: would

text: soon

text: start

text: to

text: rot

text: and

text: decay

text: The

text: selected

text: livestock

text: had

text: in

text: fact

text: already

text: been

text: slaughtered

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: the

text: meat

text: would

text: be

text: no

text: longer

text: preservable

text: All

text: the

text: food

text: that

text: had

text: survived

text: the

text: winter

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: eaten

text: to

text: assure

text: that

text: everyone

text: was

text: fed

text: enough

text: to

text: survive

text: until

text: the

text: coming

text: spring

text: would

text: provide

text: new

text: food

text: sources

question: What does vastenavond mean?

answer: the days before fasting

text: the days before fasting

question: What month was the livestock typically slaughtered?

answer: November

text: November

question: A carnival feast is the last time to do what before winter?

answer: eat well

text: eat well

question: Why were the winter stores of lard and meat eaten before fasting?

answer: it would soon start to rot and decay

text: it would soon start to rot and decay

question: Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well?

answer: food shortage at the end of the winter

text: food shortage at the end of the winter

question: What was one limited to during the winter?

answer: the minimum necessary

text: the minimum necessary

question: Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten?

answer: it would soon start to rot and decay

text: it would soon start to rot and decay

question: What does "vastenavond" mean?

answer: the days before fasting)

text: the days before fasting)

question: When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter?

answer: spring

text: spring


text: Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see Accuracy). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would drift further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Lilius

text: 's

text: proposals

text: had

text: two

text: components

text: Firstly

text: he

text: proposed

text: a

text: correction

text: to

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: is

text: days

text: long

text: As

text: the

text: average

text: length

text: of

text: a

text: Julian

text: year

text: is

text: days

text: the

text: Julian

text: year

text: is

text: almost

text: minutes

text: longer

text: than

text: the

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: The

text: discrepancy

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: drift

text: of

text: about

text: three

text: days

text: every

text: years

text: Lilius

text: 's

text: proposal

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: average

text: year

text: of

text: days

text: see

text: Accuracy

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Gregory

text: 's

text: reform

text: there

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: a

text: drift

text: of

text: days

text: since

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: falling

text: on

text: or

text: March

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: ecclesiastically

text: fixed

text: date

text: of

text: March

text: and

text: if

text: unreformed

text: it

text: would

text: drift

text: further

text: Lilius

text: proposed

text: that

text: the

text: drift

text: should

text: be

text: corrected

text: by

text: deleting

text: the

text: Julian

text: leap

text: day

text: on

text: each

text: of

text: its

text: ten

text: occurrences

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: forty

text: years

text: thereby

text: providing

text: for

text: a

text: gradual

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: equinox

text: to

text: March

question: What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar?

answer: length of the year

text: length of the year

question: By how much is the Julian calendar too long?

answer: 11 minutes

text: 11 minutes

question: How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time?

answer: three days

text: three days

question: On what date was the original vernal equinox set?

answer: 21 March

text: 21 March

question: By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling?

answer: 10 or 11 March

text: 10 or 11 March


text: Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Cyborg

text: anthropology

text: originated

text: as

text: a

text: sub

text: focus

text: group

text: within

text: the

text: American

text: Anthropological

text: Association

text: 's

text: annual

text: meeting

text: in

text: The

text: sub

text: group

text: was

text: very

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: STS

text: and

text: the

text: Society

text: for

text: the

text: Social

text: Studies

text: of

text: Science

text: Donna

text: Haraway

text: 's

text: Cyborg

text: Manifesto

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: founding

text: document

text: of

text: cyborg

text: anthropology

text: by

text: first

text: exploring

text: the

text: philosophical

text: and

text: sociological

text: ramifications

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Cyborg

text: anthropology

text: studies

text: humankind

text: and

text: its

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: technological

text: systems

text: it

text: has

text: built

text: specifically

text: modern

text: technological

text: systems

text: that

text: have

text: reflexively

text: shaped

text: notions

text: of

text: what

text: it

text: means

text: to

text: be

text: human

text: beings

question: What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group?

answer: Cyborg

text: Cyborg

question: When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?

answer: 1993

question: What the sub-group of cyborg anthropology very closely related to, in addition to STS?

answer: the Society for the Social Studies of Science

text: the Society for the Social Studies of Science

question: Who published a Cyborg Manifesto?

answer: Donna Haraway

text: Donna Haraway

question: What does cyborg anthropology study about humankind and technological systems humans have built?

answer: its relations

text: its relations


text: According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Boston

text: Herald

text: dated

text: July

text: Kerry

text: commissioned

text: construction

text: on

text: a

text: new

text: million

text: yacht

text: a

text: Friendship

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: moored

text: it

text: in

text: Portsmouth

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: where

text: the

text: Friendship

text: yacht

text: company

text: is

text: based

text: The

text: article

text: claimed

text: this

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: avoid

text: paying

text: Massachusetts

text: taxes

text: on

text: the

text: property

text: including

text: approximately

text: in

text: sales

text: tax

text: and

text: an

text: annual

text: excise

text: tax

text: of

text: about

text: However

text: on

text: July

text: Kerry

text: stated

text: he

text: had

text: yet

text: to

text: take

text: legal

text: possession

text: of

text: the

text: boat

text: had

text: not

text: intended

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: taxes

text: and

text: that

text: when

text: he

text: took

text: possession

text: he

text: would

text: pay

text: the

text: taxes

text: whether

text: he

text: owed

text: them

text: or

text: not

question: What type of yacht did Kerry buy?

answer: a Friendship 75

text: a Friendship 75

question: How expensive was Kerry's yacht?

answer: $7 million

text: $7 million

question: Where was Kerry's yacht built?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: How much sales tax did Kerry owe on the yacht?

answer: $437,500

question: Which state received Kerry's yacht's sales tax?

answer: Massachusetts

text: Massachusetts


text: Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions. Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as Boston slang.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: shares

text: many

text: cultural

text: roots

text: with

text: greater

text: New

text: England

text: including

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: rhotic

text: Eastern

text: New

text: England

text: accent

text: known

text: as

text: Boston

text: English

text: and

text: a

text: regional

text: cuisine

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: emphasis

text: on

text: seafood

text: salt

text: and

text: dairy

text: products

text: Irish

text: Americans

text: are

text: a

text: major

text: influence

text: on

text: Boston

text: 's

text: politics

text: and

text: religious

text: institutions

text: Boston

text: also

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: collection

text: of

text: neologisms

text: known

text: as

text: Boston

text: slang

question: Boston is culturally similar to what area?

answer: greater New England

text: greater New England

question: What is the Boston accent known as?

answer: Boston English

text: Boston English

question: Who influences Boston's politics and religion?

answer: Irish Americans

text: Irish Americans

question: What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as?

answer: Boston slang

text: Boston slang

question: Food with an emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy is an exaple of what?

answer: regional cuisine

text: regional cuisine


text: With the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine at Gravelotte, the French were forced to retire to Metz, where they were besieged by over 150,000 Prussian troops of the First and Second Armies. Napoleon III and MacMahon formed the new French Army of Châlons, to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine. Napoleon III personally led the army with Marshal MacMahon in attendance. The Army of Châlons marched northeast towards the Belgian border to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine. The Prussians, under the command of Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke, took advantage of this maneuver to catch the French in a pincer grip. He left the Prussian First and Second Armies besieging Metz, except three corps detached to form the Army of the Meuse under the Crown Prince of Saxony. With this army and the Prussian Third Army, Moltke marched northward and caught up with the French at Beaumont on 30 August. After a sharp fight in which they lost 5,000 men and 40 cannons, the French withdrew toward Sedan. Having reformed in the town, the Army of Châlons was immediately isolated by the converging Prussian armies. Napoleon III ordered the army to break out of the encirclement immediately. With MacMahon wounded on the previous day, General Auguste Ducrot took command of the French troops in the field.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: With

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Marshal

text: Bazaine

text: 's

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: at

text: Gravelotte

text: the

text: French

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: retire

text: to

text: Metz

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: besieged

text: by

text: over

text: Prussian

text: troops

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Armies

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: and

text: MacMahon

text: formed

text: the

text: new

text: French

text: Army

text: of

text: Châlons

text: to

text: march

text: on

text: to

text: Metz

text: to

text: rescue

text: Bazaine

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: personally

text: led

text: the

text: army

text: with

text: Marshal

text: MacMahon

text: in

text: attendance

text: The

text: Army

text: of

text: Châlons

text: marched

text: northeast

text: towards

text: the

text: Belgian

text: border

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: Prussians

text: before

text: striking

text: south

text: to

text: link

text: up

text: with

text: Bazaine

text: The

text: Prussians

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Count

text: Helmuth

text: von

text: Moltke

text: took

text: advantage

text: of

text: this

text: maneuver

text: to

text: catch

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: a

text: pincer

text: grip

text: He

text: left

text: the

text: Prussian

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Armies

text: besieging

text: Metz

text: except

text: three

text: corps

text: detached

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Meuse

text: under

text: the

text: Crown

text: Prince

text: of

text: Saxony

text: With

text: this

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Third

text: Army

text: Moltke

text: marched

text: northward

text: and

text: caught

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: at

text: Beaumont

text: on

text: August

text: After

text: a

text: sharp

text: fight

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: lost

text: men

text: and

text: cannons

text: the

text: French

text: withdrew

text: toward

text: Sedan

text: Having

text: reformed

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: Châlons

text: was

text: immediately

text: isolated

text: by

text: the

text: converging

text: Prussian

text: armies

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: ordered

text: the

text: army

text: to

text: break

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: encirclement

text: immediately

text: With

text: MacMahon

text: wounded

text: on

text: the

text: previous

text: day

text: General

text: Auguste

text: Ducrot

text: took

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: troops

text: in

text: the

text: field

question: What factor forced the French to retreat to Metz?

answer: the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army

text: the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army

question: At Metz, what was the approximate number of Prussian troops?

answer: over 150,000

text: over 150,000

question: Who formed the new French Army of Chalons?

answer: Napoleon III and MacMahon

text: Napoleon III and MacMahon

question: Along with the Army of the Meuse, what other army did Moltke march north with?

answer: the Prussian Third Army

text: the Prussian Third Army

question: How many casualties did Moltke suffer at Beaumont?

answer: 5,000 men

text: 5,000 men


text: The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: Renaissance

text: era

text: was

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: greater

text: use

text: of

text: instrumentation

text: multiple

text: interweaving

text: melodic

text: lines

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: bass

text: instruments

text: Social

text: dancing

text: became

text: more

text: widespread

text: so

text: musical

text: forms

text: appropriate

text: to

text: accompanying

text: dance

text: began

text: to

text: standardize

question: When was the Renaissance era?

answer: from 1400 to 1600

text: from 1400 to 1600

question: What era was from 1400 to 1600?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance

question: The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance

question: What became widespread in the Renaissance era?

answer: Social dancing

text: Social dancing

question: Musical forms for dance began to standardize during what era?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance


text: The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: The

text: pronounced

text: divergence

text: between

text: literary

text: and

text: colloquial

text: pronunciations

text: found

text: in

text: Hokkien

text: dialects

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: several

text: strata

text: in

text: the

text: Min

text: lexicon

text: The

text: earliest

text: colloquial

text: stratum

text: is

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: BCE

text: CE

text: the

text: second

text: colloquial

text: one

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: and

text: Northern

text: Dynasties

text: CE

text: the

text: third

text: stratum

text: of

text: pronunciations

text: typically

text: literary

text: ones

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Tang

text: Dynasty

text: CE

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: prestige

text: dialect

text: of

text: Chang'an

text: modern

text: day

text: Xi'an

text: its

text: capital

question: Colloquial stratum can be traced to several strata in what lexicon?

answer: Min

text: Min

question: The earliest colloquial stratum can be traced to what?

answer: Han dynasty

text: Han dynasty

question: When was the Han Dynasty?

answer: 206 BCE - 220 CE

text: 206 BCE - 220 CE

question: When were the Southern and Northern Dynasties?

answer: 420 - 589 CE

text: 420 - 589 CE

question: When was the Tang Dynasty?

answer: 618–907 CE

text: 618–907 CE


text: Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall during the season. Lows occasionally fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C).

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: has

text: a

text: tropical

text: monsoon

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: climate

text: classification

text: Am

text: with

text: hot

text: and

text: humid

text: summers

text: and

text: short

text: warm

text: winters

text: with

text: a

text: marked

text: drier

text: season

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: Its

text: sea

text: level

text: elevation

text: coastal

text: location

text: position

text: just

text: above

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Cancer

text: and

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: shapes

text: its

text: climate

text: With

text: January

text: averaging

text: F

text: C

text: winter

text: features

text: mild

text: to

text: warm

text: temperatures

text: cool

text: air

text: usually

text: settles

text: after

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: a

text: cold

text: front

text: which

text: produces

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: little

text: amount

text: of

text: rainfall

text: during

text: the

text: season

text: Lows

text: occasionally

text: fall

text: below

text: F

text: C

text: but

text: very

text: rarely

text: below

text: F

text: C

text: Highs

text: generally

text: range

text: between

text: F

text: C

question: What is Miami's Köppen climate classification?

answer: Am

text: Am

question: What type of weather does Miami have in the summer?

answer: hot and humid

text: hot and humid

question: In degrees Celsius, what is the average January temperature in Miami?

answer: 19.6

question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of high temperatures in Miami?

answer: 70–77

question: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami rarely see?

answer: 2


text: Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Spanish

text: colonization

text: commenced

text: on

text: June

text: with

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: Diego

text: Luis

text: de

text: San

text: Vitores

text: and

text: Pedro

text: Calungsod

text: who

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: Catholic

text: The

text: islands

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: East

text: Indies

text: governed

text: from

text: the

text: Philippines

text: which

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Viceroyalty

text: of

text: New

text: Spain

text: based

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Other

text: reminders

text: of

text: colonial

text: times

text: include

text: the

text: old

text: Governor

text: 's

text: Palace

text: in

text: Plaza

text: de

text: España

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Bridge

text: both

text: in

text: Hagatña

text: Guam

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: Dulce

text: Nombre

text: de

text: Maria

text: was

text: formally

text: opened

text: on

text: February

text: as

text: was

text: the

text: Royal

text: College

text: of

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Guam

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Mariana

text: and

text: Caroline

text: Islands

text: were

text: treated

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Spain

text: 's

text: colony

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: While

text: Guam

text: 's

text: Chamorro

text: culture

text: has

text: indigenous

text: roots

text: the

text: cultures

text: of

text: both

text: Guam

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Marianas

text: have

text: many

text: similarities

text: with

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Mexican

text: culture

text: due

text: to

text: three

text: centuries

text: of

text: Spanish

text: rule

question: When did Spanish colonization commence?

answer: June 15, 1668

text: June 15, 1668

question: Which two Spaniards aided this colonization and started the first catholic church?

answer: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod

text: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod

question: When did Guam's Cathedral first open?

answer: February 2, 1669

text: February 2, 1669

question: What was the name of the first Cathedral?

answer: Dulce Nombre de Maria

text: Dulce Nombre de Maria


text: On 13 March, the upper Clyde port of Clydebank near Glasgow was bombed. All but seven of its 12,000 houses were damaged. Many more ports were attacked. Plymouth was attacked five times before the end of the month while Belfast, Hull, and Cardiff were hit. Cardiff was bombed on three nights, Portsmouth centre was devastated by five raids. The rate of civilian housing lost was averaging 40,000 people per week dehoused in September 1940. In March 1941, two raids on Plymouth and London dehoused 148,000 people. Still, while heavily damaged, British ports continued to support war industry and supplies from North America continued to pass through them while the Royal Navy continued to operate in Plymouth, Southampton, and Portsmouth. Plymouth in particular, because of its vulnerable position on the south coast and close proximity to German air bases, was subjected to the heaviest attacks. On 10/11 March, 240 bombers dropped 193 tons of high explosives and 46,000 incendiaries. Many houses and commercial centres were heavily damaged, the electrical supply was knocked out, and five oil tanks and two magazines exploded. Nine days later, two waves of 125 and 170 bombers dropped heavy bombs, including 160 tons of high explosive and 32,000 incendiaries. Much of the city centre was destroyed. Damage was inflicted on the port installations, but many bombs fell on the city itself. On 17 April 346 tons of explosives and 46,000 incendiaries were dropped from 250 bombers led by KG 26. The damage was considerable, and the Germans also used aerial mines. Over 2,000 AAA shells were fired, destroying two Ju 88s. By the end of the air campaign over Britain, only eight percent of the German effort against British ports was made using mines.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: upper

text: Clyde

text: port

text: of

text: Clydebank

text: near

text: Glasgow

text: was

text: bombed

text: All

text: but

text: seven

text: of

text: its

text: houses

text: were

text: damaged

text: Many

text: more

text: ports

text: were

text: attacked

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: attacked

text: five

text: times

text: before

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: month

text: while

text: Belfast

text: Hull

text: and

text: Cardiff

text: were

text: hit

text: Cardiff

text: was

text: bombed

text: on

text: three

text: nights

text: Portsmouth

text: centre

text: was

text: devastated

text: by

text: five

text: raids

text: The

text: rate

text: of

text: civilian

text: housing

text: lost

text: was

text: averaging

text: people

text: per

text: week

text: dehoused

text: in

text: September

text: In

text: March

text: two

text: raids

text: on

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: London

text: dehoused

text: people

text: Still

text: while

text: heavily

text: damaged

text: British

text: ports

text: continued

text: to

text: support

text: war

text: industry

text: and

text: supplies

text: from

text: North

text: America

text: continued

text: to

text: pass

text: through

text: them

text: while

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: continued

text: to

text: operate

text: in

text: Plymouth

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: Plymouth

text: in

text: particular

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: vulnerable

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: and

text: close

text: proximity

text: to

text: German

text: air

text: bases

text: was

text: subjected

text: to

text: the

text: heaviest

text: attacks

text: On

text: March

text: bombers

text: dropped

text: tons

text: of

text: high

text: explosives

text: and

text: incendiaries

text: Many

text: houses

text: and

text: commercial

text: centres

text: were

text: heavily

text: damaged

text: the

text: electrical

text: supply

text: was

text: knocked

text: out

text: and

text: five

text: oil

text: tanks

text: and

text: two

text: magazines

text: exploded

text: Nine

text: days

text: later

text: two

text: waves

text: of

text: and

text: bombers

text: dropped

text: heavy

text: bombs

text: including

text: tons

text: of

text: high

text: explosive

text: and

text: incendiaries

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: was

text: destroyed

text: Damage

text: was

text: inflicted

text: on

text: the

text: port

text: installations

text: but

text: many

text: bombs

text: fell

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: itself

text: On

text: April

text: tons

text: of

text: explosives

text: and

text: incendiaries

text: were

text: dropped

text: from

text: bombers

text: led

text: by

text: KG

text: The

text: damage

text: was

text: considerable

text: and

text: the

text: Germans

text: also

text: used

text: aerial

text: mines

text: Over

text: AAA

text: shells

text: were

text: fired

text: destroying

text: two

text: Ju

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: campaign

text: over

text: Britain

text: only

text: eight

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: effort

text: against

text: British

text: ports

text: was

text: made

text: using

text: mines

question: How many houses were spared damage in Glasgow?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many people per week were losing housing?

answer: 40,000 people

text: 40,000 people

question: Why was Plymouth targeted the most?

answer: because of its vulnerable position on the south coast

text: because of its vulnerable position on the south coast

question: What did the Germans use along with incendiaries and bombs?

answer: aerial mines

text: aerial mines

question: How many AAA shells were fired?

answer: Over 2,000

text: Over 2,000


text: Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it "systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion". He claims that the term "operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues" and that it creates a "bias" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to "property rights". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Free

text: Software

text: Foundation

text: founder

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: argues

text: that

text: although

text: the

text: term

text: intellectual

text: property

text: is

text: in

text: wide

text: use

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: rejected

text: altogether

text: because

text: it

text: systematically

text: distorts

text: and

text: confuses

text: these

text: issues

text: and

text: its

text: use

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: promoted

text: by

text: those

text: who

text: gain

text: from

text: this

text: confusion

text: He

text: claims

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: operates

text: as

text: a

text: catch

text: all

text: to

text: lump

text: together

text: disparate

text: laws

text: which

text: originated

text: separately

text: evolved

text: differently

text: cover

text: different

text: activities

text: have

text: different

text: rules

text: and

text: raise

text: different

text: public

text: policy

text: issues

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: creates

text: a

text: bias

text: by

text: confusing

text: these

text: monopolies

text: with

text: ownership

text: of

text: limited

text: physical

text: things

text: likening

text: them

text: to

text: property

text: rights

text: Stallman

text: advocates

text: referring

text: to

text: copyrights

text: patents

text: and

text: trademarks

text: in

text: the

text: singular

text: and

text: warns

text: against

text: abstracting

text: disparate

text: laws

text: into

text: a

text: collective

text: term

question: Who founded the Free Software Foundation?

answer: Richard Stallman

text: Richard Stallman

question: Who said the term 'intellectual property' should be rejected altogether?

answer: Richard Stallman

text: Richard Stallman

question: Who said the term 'intellectual property' "operates as a catch-all"?

answer: Richard Stallman

text: Richard Stallman

question: How does Stallman advocate referring to copyrights, patents, and trademarks?

answer: in the singular

text: in the singular


text: In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate their farms at a profit. The result was the ultimate bankruptcy of countless farmers. Masses of unemployed plebeians soon began to flood into Rome, and thus into the ranks of the legislative assemblies. Their poverty usually led them to vote for the candidate who offered them the most. A new culture of dependency was emerging, in which citizens would look to any populist leader for relief.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: In

text: the

text: final

text: decades

text: of

text: this

text: era

text: many

text: plebeians

text: grew

text: poorer

text: The

text: long

text: military

text: campaigns

text: had

text: forced

text: citizens

text: to

text: leave

text: their

text: farms

text: to

text: fight

text: while

text: their

text: farms

text: fell

text: into

text: disrepair

text: The

text: landed

text: aristocracy

text: began

text: buying

text: bankrupted

text: farms

text: at

text: discounted

text: prices

text: As

text: commodity

text: prices

text: fell

text: many

text: farmers

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: operate

text: their

text: farms

text: at

text: a

text: profit

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: ultimate

text: bankruptcy

text: of

text: countless

text: farmers

text: Masses

text: of

text: unemployed

text: plebeians

text: soon

text: began

text: to

text: flood

text: into

text: Rome

text: and

text: thus

text: into

text: the

text: ranks

text: of

text: the

text: legislative

text: assemblies

text: Their

text: poverty

text: usually

text: led

text: them

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: candidate

text: who

text: offered

text: them

text: the

text: most

text: A

text: new

text: culture

text: of

text: dependency

text: was

text: emerging

text: in

text: which

text: citizens

text: would

text: look

text: to

text: any

text: populist

text: leader

text: for

text: relief

question: What had caused citizens to vacate their farms?

answer: long military campaigns

text: long military campaigns

question: How could a candidate assure the vote of a poverty stricken plebeian?

answer: offered them the most

text: offered them the most

question: What type of culture was a side effect of the rampant poverty of the average plebeian?

answer: culture of dependency

text: culture of dependency

question: What caused the bankruptcy of many farmers during this era?

answer: commodity prices fell

text: commodity prices fell

question: Who had bought the now bankrupt farms?

answer: landed aristocracy

text: landed aristocracy


text: Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: Each

text: year

text: nearly

text: million

text: in

text: hunters

text: federal

text: excise

text: taxes

text: are

text: distributed

text: to

text: state

text: agencies

text: to

text: support

text: wildlife

text: management

text: programs

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: lands

text: open

text: to

text: hunters

text: and

text: hunter

text: education

text: and

text: safety

text: classes

text: Since

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: Federal

text: Duck

text: Stamps

text: a

text: required

text: purchase

text: for

text: migratory

text: waterfowl

text: hunters

text: over

text: sixteen

text: years

text: old

text: has

text: raised

text: over

text: million

text: to

text: help

text: purchase

text: more

text: than

text: acres

text: sq

text: mi

text: of

text: habitat

text: for

text: the

text: National

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: System

text: lands

text: that

text: support

text: waterfowl

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: wildlife

text: species

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: open

text: to

text: hunting

text: States

text: also

text: collect

text: money

text: from

text: hunting

text: licenses

text: to

text: assist

text: with

text: management

text: of

text: game

text: animals

text: as

text: designated

text: by

text: law

text: A

text: key

text: task

text: of

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: park

text: rangers

text: and

text: game

text: wardens

text: is

text: to

text: enforce

text: laws

text: and

text: regulations

text: related

text: to

text: hunting

text: including

text: species

text: protection

text: hunting

text: seasons

text: and

text: hunting

text: bans

question: How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?

answer: $200 million

text: $200 million

question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?

answer: over $700 million

text: over $700 million

question: How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?

answer: 5,200,000 acres

text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?

answer: management of game animals

text: management of game animals

question: What is a key task of state park rangers and game wardens?

answer: to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting

text: to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting

question: Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?

answer: state agencies

text: state agencies

question: What do the taxes support?

answer: wildlife management programs

text: wildlife management programs

question: How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?

answer: $700 million

text: $700 million

question: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?

answer: 5,200,000 acres

text: 5,200,000 acres

question: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?

answer: hunting

text: hunting


text: Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: Television

text: has

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: The

text: League

text: 's

text: decision

text: to

text: assign

text: broadcasting

text: rights

text: to

text: BSkyB

text: in

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: a

text: radical

text: decision

text: but

text: one

text: that

text: has

text: paid

text: off

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: pay

text: television

text: was

text: an

text: almost

text: untested

text: proposition

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: market

text: as

text: was

text: charging

text: fans

text: to

text: watch

text: live

text: televised

text: football

text: However

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: Sky

text: 's

text: strategy

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: Premier

text: League

text: football

text: and

text: the

text: public

text: 's

text: appetite

text: for

text: the

text: game

text: has

text: seen

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: 's

text: TV

text: rights

text: soar

question: Who received broadcasting rights to the Premier League in 1992?

answer: The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992

text: The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992

question: Why was this a unique decision?

answer: pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market,

text: pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market,

question: What happened to the Premier League's televsion rights after this decision?

answer: the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

text: the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

question: What was the cause of this?

answer: a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game

text: a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game

question: In which year did the Premier League decide to give BSkyB broadcasting rights?

answer: 1992

question: What sort of television was BSkyB that made it such a radical broadcaster to choose for the Premier League?

answer: pay television

text: pay television


text: In the early 1970s (1973, to be particular) when the military junta took over power in Uruguay, art suffered in Montevideo. The art studios went into protest mode, with Rimer Cardillo, one of the country's leading artists, making the National Institute of Fine Arts, Montevideo a "hotbed of resistance". This resulted in the military junta coming down heavily on artists by closing the Fine Art Institute and carting away all the presses and other studio equipment. Consequently, the learning of fine arts was only in private studios run by people who had been let out of jail, in works of printing and on paper and also painting and sculpture. It resumed much later.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: be

text: particular

text: when

text: the

text: military

text: junta

text: took

text: over

text: power

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: art

text: suffered

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: The

text: art

text: studios

text: went

text: into

text: protest

text: mode

text: with

text: Rimer

text: Cardillo

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: leading

text: artists

text: making

text: the

text: National

text: Institute

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: Montevideo

text: a

text: hotbed

text: of

text: resistance

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: junta

text: coming

text: down

text: heavily

text: on

text: artists

text: by

text: closing

text: the

text: Fine

text: Art

text: Institute

text: and

text: carting

text: away

text: all

text: the

text: presses

text: and

text: other

text: studio

text: equipment

text: Consequently

text: the

text: learning

text: of

text: fine

text: arts

text: was

text: only

text: in

text: private

text: studios

text: run

text: by

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: let

text: out

text: of

text: jail

text: in

text: works

text: of

text: printing

text: and

text: on

text: paper

text: and

text: also

text: painting

text: and

text: sculpture

text: It

text: resumed

text: much

text: later

question: What suffered when the military junta took over power in Uruguay?

answer: art

text: art

question: Rimer Cardillo was one of the country's leading what?

answer: artists

text: artists

question: Who made the National Institute of Fine Arts?

answer: Rimer Cardillo

text: Rimer Cardillo


text: The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: Richmond

text: Times

text: Dispatch

text: the

text: local

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: in

text: Richmond

text: with

text: a

text: Sunday

text: circulation

text: of

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: BH

text: Media

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Warren

text: Buffett

text: 's

text: Berkshire

text: Hathaway

text: company

text: Style

text: Weekly

text: is

text: a

text: standard

text: weekly

text: publication

text: covering

text: popular

text: culture

text: arts

text: and

text: entertainment

text: owned

text: by

text: Landmark

text: Communications

text: RVA

text: Magazine

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: only

text: independent

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: culture

text: publication

text: was

text: once

text: monthly

text: but

text: is

text: now

text: issued

text: quarterly

text: The

text: Richmond

text: Free

text: Press

text: and

text: the

text: Voice

text: cover

text: the

text: news

text: from

text: an

text: African

text: American

text: perspective

question: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?

answer: Berkshire Hathaway

text: Berkshire Hathaway

question: How many people buy the Richmond Times-Dispatch on Sunday?

answer: 120,000

question: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?

answer: Style Weekly

text: Style Weekly

question: Before switching to its current publication schedule, how often was RVA Magazine published?

answer: monthly

text: monthly

question: Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication?

answer: Richmond Free Press

text: Richmond Free Press


text: It is best for the receiving antenna to match the polarization of the transmitted wave for optimum reception. Intermediate matchings will lose some signal strength, but not as much as a complete mismatch. A circularly polarized antenna can be used to equally well match vertical or horizontal linear polarizations. Transmission from a circularly polarized antenna received by a linearly polarized antenna (or vice versa) entails a 3 dB reduction in signal-to-noise ratio as the received power has thereby been cut in half.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: It

text: is

text: best

text: for

text: the

text: receiving

text: antenna

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: polarization

text: of

text: the

text: transmitted

text: wave

text: for

text: optimum

text: reception

text: Intermediate

text: matchings

text: will

text: lose

text: some

text: signal

text: strength

text: but

text: not

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: a

text: complete

text: mismatch

text: A

text: circularly

text: polarized

text: antenna

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: equally

text: well

text: match

text: vertical

text: or

text: horizontal

text: linear

text: polarizations

text: Transmission

text: from

text: a

text: circularly

text: polarized

text: antenna

text: received

text: by

text: a

text: linearly

text: polarized

text: antenna

text: or

text: vice

text: versa

text: entails

text: a

text: dB

text: reduction

text: in

text: signal

text: to

text: noise

text: ratio

text: as

text: the

text: received

text: power

text: has

text: thereby

text: been

text: cut

text: in

text: half

question: What is the best for an recieving antenna for optimum reception?

answer: match the polarization

text: match the polarization

question: What loses signal strength?

answer: Intermediate matchings

text: Intermediate matchings

question: What is used to match vertical and horizontal linear polarizations?

answer: circularly polarized

text: circularly polarized

question: A transmission can cause reduction in what?

answer: signal-to-noise ratio

text: signal-to-noise ratio


text: The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal. The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent. The secondary constituents are often called solutes. If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy. If there are three types of atoms forming the mixture, such as iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a ternary alloy. An alloy with four constituents is a quaternary alloy, while a five-part alloy is termed a quinary alloy. Because the percentage of each constituent can be varied, with any mixture the entire range of possible variations is called a system. In this respect, all of the various forms of an alloy containing only two constituents, like iron and carbon, is called a binary system, while all of the alloy combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a ternary system.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: The

text: term

text: alloy

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: atoms

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: primary

text: constituent

text: is

text: a

text: metal

text: The

text: primary

text: metal

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: base

text: the

text: matrix

text: or

text: the

text: solvent

text: The

text: secondary

text: constituents

text: are

text: often

text: called

text: solutes

text: If

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: atoms

text: not

text: counting

text: impurities

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: copper

text: nickel

text: alloy

text: then

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: binary

text: alloy

text: If

text: there

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: atoms

text: forming

text: the

text: mixture

text: such

text: as

text: iron

text: nickel

text: and

text: chromium

text: then

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: ternary

text: alloy

text: An

text: alloy

text: with

text: four

text: constituents

text: is

text: a

text: quaternary

text: alloy

text: while

text: a

text: five

text: part

text: alloy

text: is

text: termed

text: a

text: quinary

text: alloy

text: Because

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: each

text: constituent

text: can

text: be

text: varied

text: with

text: any

text: mixture

text: the

text: entire

text: range

text: of

text: possible

text: variations

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: system

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: an

text: alloy

text: containing

text: only

text: two

text: constituents

text: like

text: iron

text: and

text: carbon

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: binary

text: system

text: while

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: alloy

text: combinations

text: possible

text: with

text: a

text: ternary

text: alloy

text: such

text: as

text: alloys

text: of

text: iron

text: carbon

text: and

text: chromium

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: ternary

text: system

question: The matrix and the solvent are other names for what?

answer: The primary metal

text: The primary metal

question: What is another name for solutes?

answer: The secondary constituents

text: The secondary constituents

question: What is the name of an alloy that has  four constituents?

answer: quaternary alloy

text: quaternary alloy

question: A five-part alloy is known as?

answer: ternary alloy

text: ternary alloy


text: The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America—five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: Greater

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: a

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: GDP

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: making

text: Mexico

text: City

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: economically

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: generating

text: of

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: Gross

text: Domestic

text: Product

text: and

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: accounted

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: total

text: national

text: GDP

text: As

text: a

text: stand

text: alone

text: country

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: economy

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: five

text: times

text: as

text: large

text: as

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: 's

text: and

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: as

text: Peru

text: 's

question: How big is Mexico City's GDP?

answer: US$411 billion

text: US$411 billion

question: How much bigger is Mexico City's GDP's than Costa Rica's?

answer: five times

text: five times

question: What percent of the Mexican GDP is the metropolitan area of Mexico City responsible for?

answer: 22%

question: Which country has about the same size GDP as Mexico city?

answer: Peru

text: Peru


text: One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: members

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: re

text: arm

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: People

text: 's

text: Army

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: counter

text: the

text: rearmament

text: of

text: West

text: Germany

question: Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?

answer: East Germany

text: East Germany

question: What was the name of the East German armed forces?

answer: the National People's Army

text: the National People's Army


text: Although it was Russia that was punished by the Paris Treaty, in the long run it was Austria that lost the most from the Crimean War despite having barely taken part in it.:433 Having abandoned its alliance with Russia, Austria was diplomatically isolated following the war,:433 which contributed to its disastrous defeats in the 1859 Franco-Austrian War that resulted in the cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later in the loss of the Habsburg rule of Tuscany and Modena, which meant the end of Austrian influence in Italy. Furthermore, Russia did not do anything to assist its former ally, Austria, in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War:433 with its loss of Venetia and more important than that, its influence in most German-speaking lands. The status of Austria as a great power, with the unifications of Germany and Italy was now severely questioned. It had to compromise with Hungary, the two countries shared the Danubian Empire and Austria slowly became a little more than a German satellite. With France now hostile to Germany, allied with Russia, and Russia competing with the newly renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire for an increased role in the Balkans at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, the foundations were in place for creating the diplomatic alliances that would lead to World War I.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Although

text: it

text: was

text: Russia

text: that

text: was

text: punished

text: by

text: the

text: Paris

text: Treaty

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: it

text: was

text: Austria

text: that

text: lost

text: the

text: most

text: from

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: despite

text: having

text: barely

text: taken

text: part

text: in

text: Having

text: abandoned

text: its

text: alliance

text: with

text: Russia

text: Austria

text: was

text: diplomatically

text: isolated

text: following

text: the

text: which

text: contributed

text: to

text: its

text: disastrous

text: defeats

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: Austrian

text: War

text: that

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: cession

text: of

text: Lombardy

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sardinia

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: rule

text: of

text: Tuscany

text: and

text: Modena

text: which

text: meant

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Austrian

text: influence

text: in

text: Italy

text: Furthermore

text: Russia

text: did

text: not

text: do

text: anything

text: to

text: assist

text: its

text: former

text: ally

text: Austria

text: in

text: the

text: Austro

text: Prussian

text: with

text: its

text: loss

text: of

text: Venetia

text: and

text: more

text: important

text: than

text: that

text: its

text: influence

text: in

text: most

text: German

text: speaking

text: lands

text: The

text: status

text: of

text: Austria

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: power

text: with

text: the

text: unifications

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: Italy

text: was

text: now

text: severely

text: questioned

text: It

text: had

text: to

text: compromise

text: with

text: Hungary

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: shared

text: the

text: Danubian

text: Empire

text: and

text: Austria

text: slowly

text: became

text: a

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: German

text: satellite

text: With

text: France

text: now

text: hostile

text: to

text: Germany

text: allied

text: with

text: Russia

text: and

text: Russia

text: competing

text: with

text: the

text: newly

text: renamed

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: for

text: an

text: increased

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: the

text: foundations

text: were

text: in

text: place

text: for

text: creating

text: the

text: diplomatic

text: alliances

text: that

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: World

text: War

text: I.

question: Who lost the most due to the Crimean War?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: Russia failed to help Austria during what war that took place in 1866?

answer: Austro-Prussian War

text: Austro-Prussian War

question: Who became diplomatically isolated after the war?

answer: Kingdom of Sardinia

text: Kingdom of Sardinia


text: By the 1950s the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remain in use in some specialized applications such as education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: digital

text: electronic

text: computers

text: had

text: spelled

text: the

text: end

text: for

text: most

text: analog

text: computing

text: machines

text: but

text: analog

text: computers

text: remain

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: some

text: specialized

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: education

text: control

text: systems

text: and

text: aircraft

text: slide

text: rule

question: By what decade were analog computing devices rendered obsolete?

answer: 50s

question: Analog computers remain in use in what industries?

answer: education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).

text: education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).


text: Both Rousseau and Locke's social contract theories rest on the presupposition of natural rights, which are not a result of law or custom, but are things that all men have in pre-political societies, and are therefore universal and inalienable. The most famous natural right formulation comes from John Locke in his Second Treatise, when he introduces the state of nature. For Locke the law of nature is grounded on mutual security, or the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights, as every man is equal and has the same inalienable rights. These natural rights include perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property. Locke also argued against slavery on the basis that enslaving yourself goes against the law of nature; you cannot surrender your own rights, your freedom is absolute and no one can take it from you. Additionally, Locke argues that one person cannot enslave another because it is morally reprehensible, although he introduces a caveat by saying that enslavement of a lawful captive in time of war would not go against one's natural rights.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Both

text: Rousseau

text: and

text: Locke

text: 's

text: social

text: contract

text: theories

text: rest

text: on

text: the

text: presupposition

text: of

text: natural

text: rights

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: law

text: or

text: custom

text: but

text: are

text: things

text: that

text: all

text: men

text: have

text: in

text: pre

text: political

text: societies

text: and

text: are

text: therefore

text: universal

text: and

text: inalienable

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: natural

text: right

text: formulation

text: comes

text: from

text: John

text: Locke

text: in

text: his

text: Second

text: Treatise

text: when

text: he

text: introduces

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: nature

text: For

text: Locke

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: nature

text: is

text: grounded

text: on

text: mutual

text: security

text: or

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: one

text: can

text: not

text: infringe

text: on

text: another

text: 's

text: natural

text: rights

text: as

text: every

text: man

text: is

text: equal

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: inalienable

text: rights

text: These

text: natural

text: rights

text: include

text: perfect

text: equality

text: and

text: freedom

text: and

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: preserve

text: life

text: and

text: property

text: Locke

text: also

text: argued

text: against

text: slavery

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: that

text: enslaving

text: yourself

text: goes

text: against

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: nature

text: you

text: can

text: not

text: surrender

text: your

text: own

text: rights

text: your

text: freedom

text: is

text: absolute

text: and

text: no

text: one

text: can

text: take

text: it

text: from

text: you

text: Additionally

text: Locke

text: argues

text: that

text: one

text: person

text: can

text: not

text: enslave

text: another

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: morally

text: reprehensible

text: although

text: he

text: introduces

text: a

text: caveat

text: by

text: saying

text: that

text: enslavement

text: of

text: a

text: lawful

text: captive

text: in

text: time

text: of

text: war

text: would

text: not

text: go

text: against

text: one

text: 's

text: natural

text: rights

question: How does John Locke define mutual security?

answer: the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights

text: the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights

question: What do Locke's idea of natural rights include?

answer: perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property

text: perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property

question: Why did John Locke believe that one person cannot enslave another?

answer: because it is morally reprehensible

text: because it is morally reprehensible

question: What was John Locke's one exception to denouncing slavery?

answer: enslavement of a lawful captive in time of war would not go against one's natural rights

text: enslavement of a lawful captive in time of war would not go against one's natural rights

question: In which of John Locke's works are natural rights most famously defined and discussed?

answer: Second Treatise

text: Second Treatise


text: The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985. In this capacity Soares tried to resume the economic growth and development record that had been achieved before the Carnation Revolution, during the last decade of the previous regime. He initiated the process of accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) by starting accession negotiations as early as 1977.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: country

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: Junta

text: de

text: Salvação

text: Nacional

text: until

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: legislative

text: election

text: of

text: It

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Socialist

text: Party

text: PS

text: and

text: Mário

text: Soares

text: its

text: leader

text: became

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Government

text: on

text: July

text: Mário

text: Soares

text: would

text: be

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: this

text: capacity

text: Soares

text: tried

text: to

text: resume

text: the

text: economic

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: record

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: achieved

text: before

text: the

text: Carnation

text: Revolution

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: regime

text: He

text: initiated

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: accession

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Economic

text: Community

text: EEC

text: by

text: starting

text: accession

text: negotiations

text: as

text: early

text: as

question: What entity governed Portugal until 1976?

answer: Junta de Salvação Nacional

text: Junta de Salvação Nacional

question: Which party won the Portuguese election in 1976?

answer: Socialist Party

text: Socialist Party

question: Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976?

answer: Mário Soares

text: Mário Soares

question: Through what years was Mario Soares the Portuguese Prime Minister?

answer: 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985

text: 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985


text: The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: The

text: return

text: of

text: Soviet

text: immigrants

text: to

text: their

text: countries

text: of

text: origin

text: has

text: brought

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: Estonians

text: in

text: Estonia

text: back

text: above

text: And

text: again

text: as

text: in

text: Latvia

text: today

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: remnant

text: non

text: Estonians

text: in

text: Estonia

text: have

text: adopted

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: about

text: at

text: the

text: census

question: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?

answer: above 70%

text: above 70%


text: Tort law covers the entire imaginable spectrum of wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other, and of course, partially overlaps with wrongs also punishable by criminal law. Although the American Law Institute has attempted to standardize tort law through the development of several versions of the Restatement of Torts, many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections of the Restatements and to reject others. Thus, because of its immense size and diversity, American tort law cannot be easily summarized.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Tort

text: law

text: covers

text: the

text: entire

text: imaginable

text: spectrum

text: of

text: wrongs

text: which

text: humans

text: can

text: inflict

text: upon

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: of

text: course

text: partially

text: overlaps

text: with

text: wrongs

text: also

text: punishable

text: by

text: criminal

text: law

text: Although

text: the

text: American

text: Law

text: Institute

text: has

text: attempted

text: to

text: standardize

text: tort

text: law

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: several

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: Restatement

text: of

text: Torts

text: many

text: states

text: have

text: chosen

text: to

text: adopt

text: only

text: certain

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: Restatements

text: and

text: to

text: reject

text: others

text: Thus

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: immense

text: size

text: and

text: diversity

text: American

text: tort

text: law

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: easily

text: summarized

question: What law covers wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other?

answer: Tort law

text: Tort law

question: Why can American tort law not be easily summarized?

answer: because of its immense size and diversity

text: because of its immense size and diversity

question: While attempting to standardize tort law, multiple versions of tort law have come about, what are there versions called?

answer: Restatement of Torts

text: Restatement of Torts

question: What covers crimes of human against human?

answer: Tort law

text: Tort law

question: What does tort law overlap with?

answer: wrongs also punishable by criminal law

text: wrongs also punishable by criminal law

question: What is attempting to standardize the tort law system?

answer: Restatement of Torts

text: Restatement of Torts

question: What is the Restatement of Torts not successfull as a whole yet?

answer: many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections

text: many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections

question: Why is tort law hard to standardize?

answer: immense size and diversity

text: immense size and diversity


text: Russia experienced territorial growth through the 17th century, which was the age of Cossacks. Cossacks were warriors organized into military communities, resembling pirates and pioneers of the New World. In 1648, the peasants of Ukraine joined the Zaporozhian Cossacks in rebellion against Poland-Lithuania during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, because of the social and religious oppression they suffered under Polish rule. In 1654 the Ukrainian leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, offered to place Ukraine under the protection of the Russian Tsar, Aleksey I. Aleksey's acceptance of this offer led to another Russo-Polish War (1654–1667). Finally, Ukraine was split along the river Dnieper, leaving the western part (or Right-bank Ukraine) under Polish rule and eastern part (Left-bank Ukraine and Kiev) under Russian. Later, in 1670–71 the Don Cossacks led by Stenka Razin initiated a major uprising in the Volga region, but the Tsar's troops were successful in defeating the rebels. In the east, the rapid Russian exploration and colonisation of the huge territories of Siberia was led mostly by Cossacks hunting for valuable furs and ivory. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian river routes, and by the mid-17th century there were Russian settlements in the Eastern Siberia, on the Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, and on the Pacific coast. In 1648 the Bering Strait between Asia and North America was passed for the first time by Fedot Popov and Semyon Dezhnyov.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Russia

text: experienced

text: territorial

text: growth

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Cossacks

text: Cossacks

text: were

text: warriors

text: organized

text: into

text: military

text: communities

text: resembling

text: pirates

text: and

text: pioneers

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: In

text: the

text: peasants

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: joined

text: the

text: Zaporozhian

text: Cossacks

text: in

text: rebellion

text: against

text: Poland

text: Lithuania

text: during

text: the

text: Khmelnytsky

text: Uprising

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: religious

text: oppression

text: they

text: suffered

text: under

text: Polish

text: rule

text: In

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: leader

text: Bohdan

text: Khmelnytsky

text: offered

text: to

text: place

text: Ukraine

text: under

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Tsar

text: Aleksey

text: I.

text: Aleksey

text: 's

text: acceptance

text: of

text: this

text: offer

text: led

text: to

text: another

text: Russo

text: Polish

text: War

text: Finally

text: Ukraine

text: was

text: split

text: along

text: the

text: river

text: Dnieper

text: leaving

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: or

text: Right

text: bank

text: Ukraine

text: under

text: Polish

text: rule

text: and

text: eastern

text: part

text: Left

text: bank

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Kiev

text: under

text: Russian

text: Later

text: in

text: the

text: Don

text: Cossacks

text: led

text: by

text: Stenka

text: Razin

text: initiated

text: a

text: major

text: uprising

text: in

text: the

text: Volga

text: region

text: but

text: the

text: Tsar

text: 's

text: troops

text: were

text: successful

text: in

text: defeating

text: the

text: rebels

text: In

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: rapid

text: Russian

text: exploration

text: and

text: colonisation

text: of

text: the

text: huge

text: territories

text: of

text: Siberia

text: was

text: led

text: mostly

text: by

text: Cossacks

text: hunting

text: for

text: valuable

text: furs

text: and

text: ivory

text: Russian

text: explorers

text: pushed

text: eastward

text: primarily

text: along

text: the

text: Siberian

text: river

text: routes

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: were

text: Russian

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Siberia

text: on

text: the

text: Chukchi

text: Peninsula

text: along

text: the

text: Amur

text: River

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coast

text: In

text: the

text: Bering

text: Strait

text: between

text: Asia

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: was

text: passed

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: by

text: Fedot

text: Popov

text: and

text: Semyon

text: Dezhnyov

question: When did Russia experience territorial growth?

answer: the 17th century

text: the 17th century

question: The 17th century is also known as?

answer: age of Cossacks.

text: age of Cossacks.

question: Who joined the Cossacks in 1648?

answer: peasants of Ukraine

text: peasants of Ukraine

question: Who are Cossacks?

answer: warriors organized into military communities

text: warriors organized into military communities

question: Why dd the Peasants of Ukraine join the Cossacks?

answer: in rebellion against Poland-Lithuania

text: in rebellion against Poland-Lithuania


text:
Uranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U
3O
8. Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC
2), and diuranium tricarbide (U
2C
3). Both UC and UC
2 are formed by adding carbon to molten uranium or by exposing the metal to carbon monoxide at high temperatures. Stable below 1800 °C, U
2C
3 is prepared by subjecting a heated mixture of UC and UC
2 to mechanical stress. Uranium nitrides obtained by direct exposure of the metal to nitrogen include uranium mononitride (UN), uranium dinitride (UN
2), and diuranium trinitride (U
2N
3).

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: Uranium

text: carbides

text: and

text: uranium

text: nitrides

text: are

text: both

text: relatively

text: inert

text: semimetallic

text: compounds

text: that

text: are

text: minimally

text: soluble

text: in

text: acids

text: react

text: with

text: water

text: and

text: can

text: ignite

text: in

text: air

text: to

text: form

text: U

text: Carbides

text: of

text: uranium

text: include

text: uranium

text: monocarbide

text: UC

text: uranium

text: dicarbide

text: UC

text: and

text: diuranium

text: tricarbide

text: U

text: Both

text: UC

text: and

text: UC

text: are

text: formed

text: by

text: adding

text: carbon

text: to

text: molten

text: uranium

text: or

text: by

text: exposing

text: the

text: metal

text: to

text: carbon

text: monoxide

text: at

text: high

text: temperatures

text: Stable

text: below

text: C

text: U

text: is

text: prepared

text: by

text: subjecting

text: a

text: heated

text: mixture

text: of

text: UC

text: and

text: UC

text: to

text: mechanical

text: stress

text: Uranium

text: nitrides

text: obtained

text: by

text: direct

text: exposure

text: of

text: the

text: metal

text: to

text: nitrogen

text: include

text: uranium

text: mononitride

text: UN

text: uranium

text: dinitride

text: UN

text: and

text: diuranium

text: trinitride

text: U

question: Along with uranium monocarbide and uranium dicarbide, what is a notable carbide of uranium?

answer: diuranium tricarbide

text: diuranium tricarbide

question: Below what temperature is U2C3 stable?

answer: 1800 °C

text: 1800 °C


text: Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia, the name refers to volunteers for the Mexican–American War. This explanation is more likely, because President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War resulted in 30,000 volunteers from Tennessee alone, largely in response to the death of Davy Crockett and appeals by former Tennessee Governor and now Texas politician, Sam Houston.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Volunteer

text: State

text: a

text: nickname

text: some

text: claimed

text: was

text: earned

text: during

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: prominent

text: role

text: played

text: by

text: volunteer

text: soldiers

text: from

text: Tennessee

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Other

text: sources

text: differ

text: on

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: nickname

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Encyclopedia

text: the

text: name

text: refers

text: to

text: volunteers

text: for

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: War

text: This

text: explanation

text: is

text: more

text: likely

text: because

text: President

text: Polk

text: 's

text: call

text: for

text: nationwide

text: volunteers

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: War

text: resulted

text: in

text: volunteers

text: from

text: Tennessee

text: alone

text: largely

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Davy

text: Crockett

text: and

text: appeals

text: by

text: former

text: Tennessee

text: Governor

text: and

text: now

text: Texas

text: politician

text: Sam

text: Houston

question: By what nickname is Tennessee officially known?

answer: Volunteer State

text: Volunteer State

question: Which major conflict that included the Battle of New Orleans is said to have given Tennessee its nickname?

answer: War of 1812

text: War of 1812

question: How many volunteers did Tennessee send to the Mexican-American War?

answer: 30,000

question: What conflict overseen by President Polk might be the source of Tennessee's nickname?

answer: Mexican–American War

text: Mexican–American War

question: Which local icon's death inspired many of the Tennessee volunteers during the Mexican-American War?

answer: Davy Crockett

text: Davy Crockett


text: Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the standard was made under the responsibilities of Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II).

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Much

text: of

text: its

text: technology

text: and

text: ideas

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: ISO

text: MPEG

text: Audio

text: Layer

text: I

text: and

text: Layer

text: II

text: and

text: the

text: filter

text: bank

text: alone

text: into

text: Layer

text: III

text: format

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: computationally

text: inefficient

text: hybrid

text: filter

text: bank

text: Under

text: the

text: chairmanship

text: of

text: Professor

text: Musmann

text: University

text: of

text: Hannover

text: the

text: editing

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: was

text: made

text: under

text: the

text: responsibilities

text: of

text: Leon

text: van

text: de

text: Kerkhof

text: Layer

text: I

text: and

text: Gerhard

text: Stoll

text: Layer

text: II

question: What was only incorporated into Layer III and not Layers I or II?

answer: filter bank

text: filter bank

question: Who was the chair that oversaw the editing of the standard?

answer: Professor Musmann

text: Professor Musmann

question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer I?

answer: Leon van de Kerkhof

text: Leon van de Kerkhof

question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer II?

answer: Gerhard Stoll

text: Gerhard Stoll


text: Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song, "No Boundaries" which was co-written by DioGuardi. This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Both

text: Allen

text: and

text: Lambert

text: released

text: the

text: coronation

text: song

text: No

text: Boundaries

text: which

text: was

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: DioGuardi

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: winner

text: failed

text: to

text: achieve

text: gold

text: album

text: status

text: and

text: from

text: that

text: season

text: achieved

text: platinum

text: album

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.[citation

text: needed

question: What was the name of the song that Kris Allen and Adam Lamber released after American Idol?

answer: No Boundaries

text: No Boundaries

question: Who helped write the song "No Boundaries"?

answer: DioGuardi

text: DioGuardi

question: What was the coronation song for this season?

answer: No Boundaries

text: No Boundaries

question: Who co-wrote the coronation song?

answer: DioGuardi

text: DioGuardi

question: Unlike every previous winner, the winner of this season failed to achieve what status?

answer: gold album status

text: gold album status

question: How many contestants from this season reached platinum album status?

answer: none