text: Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the asteroid belt, shaping its structure, so Neptune's gravity dominates the Kuiper belt. Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure. The region between 40 and 42 AU is an example.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: orbit

text: has

text: a

text: profound

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: directly

text: beyond

text: it

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: The

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: is

text: a

text: ring

text: of

text: small

text: icy

text: worlds

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: but

text: far

text: larger

text: extending

text: from

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: orbit

text: at

text: AU

text: out

text: to

text: about

text: AU

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: Much

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: that

text: Jupiter

text: 's

text: gravity

text: dominates

text: the

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: shaping

text: its

text: structure

text: so

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: gravity

text: dominates

text: the

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: Over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: certain

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: became

text: destabilised

text: by

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: gravity

text: creating

text: gaps

text: in

text: the

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: 's

text: structure

text: The

text: region

text: between

text: and

text: AU

text: is

text: an

text: example

question: What is the region behind Neptune called?

answer: Kuiper belt

text: Kuiper belt

question: What does the Kuiper belt consist of?

answer: small icy worlds

text: small icy worlds

question: Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Neptune?

answer: 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun

text: 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun

question: What dominates the Kuiper belt?

answer: Neptune's gravity

text: Neptune's gravity

question: What did Neptune's gravity do to Kuiper belt?

answer: gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure

text: gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure


text: Most Israelis are drafted into the military at the age of 18. Men serve two years and eight months and women two years. Following mandatory service, Israeli men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty. Arab citizens of Israel (except the Druze) and those engaged in full-time religious studies are exempt from military service, although the exemption of yeshiva students has been a source of contention in Israeli society for many years. An alternative for those who receive exemptions on various grounds is Sherut Leumi, or national service, which involves a program of service in hospitals, schools and other social welfare frameworks. As a result of its conscription program, the IDF maintains approximately 176,500 active troops and an additional 445,000 reservists.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Most

text: Israelis

text: are

text: drafted

text: into

text: the

text: military

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Men

text: serve

text: two

text: years

text: and

text: eight

text: months

text: and

text: women

text: two

text: years

text: Following

text: mandatory

text: service

text: Israeli

text: men

text: join

text: the

text: reserve

text: forces

text: and

text: usually

text: do

text: up

text: to

text: several

text: weeks

text: of

text: reserve

text: duty

text: every

text: year

text: until

text: their

text: forties

text: Most

text: women

text: are

text: exempt

text: from

text: reserve

text: duty

text: Arab

text: citizens

text: of

text: Israel

text: except

text: the

text: Druze

text: and

text: those

text: engaged

text: in

text: full

text: time

text: religious

text: studies

text: are

text: exempt

text: from

text: military

text: service

text: although

text: the

text: exemption

text: of

text: yeshiva

text: students

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: contention

text: in

text: Israeli

text: society

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: An

text: alternative

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: receive

text: exemptions

text: on

text: various

text: grounds

text: is

text: Sherut

text: Leumi

text: or

text: national

text: service

text: which

text: involves

text: a

text: program

text: of

text: service

text: in

text: hospitals

text: schools

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: welfare

text: frameworks

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: its

text: conscription

text: program

text: the

text: IDF

text: maintains

text: approximately

text: active

text: troops

text: and

text: an

text: additional

text: reservists

question: What age are most Israelis drafted into the military?

answer: 18

question: How long do women serve in the military?

answer: two years

text: two years

question: What citizens are exempt from military service?

answer: Arab citizens

text: Arab citizens


text: Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah and places the Book of Esther among the "7 books not in the canon but to be read" along with the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Judith, Tobit, the Didache, and the Shepherd of Hermas.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Athanasius

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: identify

text: the

text: same

text: books

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: Up

text: until

text: then

text: various

text: similar

text: lists

text: of

text: works

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: in

text: churches

text: were

text: in

text: use

text: Athanasius

text: compiled

text: the

text: list

text: to

text: resolve

text: questions

text: about

text: such

text: texts

text: as

text: The

text: Epistle

text: of

text: Barnabas

text: Athanasius

text: includes

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Baruch

text: and

text: the

text: Letter

text: of

text: Jeremiah

text: and

text: places

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Esther

text: among

text: the

text: books

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: canon

text: but

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Wisdom

text: of

text: Solomon

text: Sirach

text: Ecclesiasticus

text: Judith

text: Tobit

text: the

text: Didache

text: and

text: the

text: Shepherd

text: of

text: Hermas

question: Who standardized the books of the New Testament?

answer: Athanasius

text: Athanasius

question: What books were used before his decision to standardize?

answer: various

text: various

question: How many books are listed that should be included but were not?

answer: 7 books

text: 7 books

question: How many books are in the New Testament?

answer: 27 books

text: 27 books

question: Have those books changed over time?

answer: in use today

text: in use today


text: The eusocial insects build nest, guard eggs, and provide food for offspring full-time (see Eusociality). Most insects, however, lead short lives as adults, and rarely interact with one another except to mate or compete for mates. A small number exhibit some form of parental care, where they will at least guard their eggs, and sometimes continue guarding their offspring until adulthood, and possibly even feeding them. Another simple form of parental care is to construct a nest (a burrow or an actual construction, either of which may be simple or complex), store provisions in it, and lay an egg upon those provisions. The adult does not contact the growing offspring, but it nonetheless does provide food. This sort of care is typical for most species of bees and various types of wasps.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: eusocial

text: insects

text: build

text: nest

text: guard

text: eggs

text: and

text: provide

text: food

text: for

text: offspring

text: full

text: time

text: see

text: Eusociality

text: Most

text: insects

text: however

text: lead

text: short

text: lives

text: as

text: adults

text: and

text: rarely

text: interact

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: except

text: to

text: mate

text: or

text: compete

text: for

text: mates

text: A

text: small

text: number

text: exhibit

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: parental

text: care

text: where

text: they

text: will

text: at

text: least

text: guard

text: their

text: eggs

text: and

text: sometimes

text: continue

text: guarding

text: their

text: offspring

text: until

text: adulthood

text: and

text: possibly

text: even

text: feeding

text: them

text: Another

text: simple

text: form

text: of

text: parental

text: care

text: is

text: to

text: construct

text: a

text: nest

text: a

text: burrow

text: or

text: an

text: actual

text: construction

text: either

text: of

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: simple

text: or

text: complex

text: store

text: provisions

text: in

text: it

text: and

text: lay

text: an

text: egg

text: upon

text: those

text: provisions

text: The

text: adult

text: does

text: not

text: contact

text: the

text: growing

text: offspring

text: but

text: it

text: nonetheless

text: does

text: provide

text: food

text: This

text: sort

text: of

text: care

text: is

text: typical

text: for

text: most

text: species

text: of

text: bees

text: and

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: wasps

question: Eusocial insects provide food for their offspring full-time or part-time?

answer: full-time

text: full-time

question: What do eusocial insects guard?

answer: eggs

text: eggs

question: What do eusocial insects build?

answer: nest

text: nest

question: Most eusocial insects lead what kind of life once becoming an adult?

answer: short

text: short

question: An adult eusocial insect does not contact it's what?

answer: growing offspring

text: growing offspring


text: The quick German victory over the French stunned neutral observers, many of whom had expected a French victory and most of whom had expected a long war. The strategic advantages possessed by the Germans were not appreciated outside Germany until after hostilities had ceased. Other countries quickly discerned the advantages given to the Germans by their military system, and adopted many of their innovations, particularly the General Staff, universal conscription and highly detailed mobilization systems.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: quick

text: German

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: French

text: stunned

text: neutral

text: observers

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: expected

text: a

text: French

text: victory

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: expected

text: a

text: long

text: war

text: The

text: strategic

text: advantages

text: possessed

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: were

text: not

text: appreciated

text: outside

text: Germany

text: until

text: after

text: hostilities

text: had

text: ceased

text: Other

text: countries

text: quickly

text: discerned

text: the

text: advantages

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: Germans

text: by

text: their

text: military

text: system

text: and

text: adopted

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: innovations

text: particularly

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: universal

text: conscription

text: and

text: highly

text: detailed

text: mobilization

text: systems

question: What stunned neutral observers about the end of the war?

answer: The quick German victory

text: The quick German victory

question: What outcome had most people expected from the war?

answer: French victory

text: French victory

question: Whose strategic advantages were not appreciated until after the war over?

answer: the Germans

text: the Germans

question: What German advantages were discerned by other countries in the aftermath?

answer: their military system

text: their military system

question: What is at least one German innovation that other countries would later adopt in other wars?

answer: highly detailed mobilization systems

text: highly detailed mobilization systems


text: Most CBC television stations, including those in the major cities, are owned and operated by the CBC itself. CBC O&O stations operate as a mostly seamless national service with few deviations from the main network schedule, although there are some regional differences from time to time. For on-air identification, most CBC stations use the CBC brand rather than their call letters, not identifying themselves specifically until sign-on or sign-off (though some, like Toronto's CBLT, do not ID themselves at all except through PSIP). All CBC O&O stations have a standard call letter naming convention, in that the first two letters are "CB" (an ITU prefix allocated not to Canada, but to Chile) and the last letter is "T". Only the third letter varies from market to market; however, that letter is typically the same as the third letter of the CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 stations in the same market. An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with "CF" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: Most

text: CBC

text: television

text: stations

text: including

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: are

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: CBC

text: itself

text: CBC

text: O&O

text: stations

text: operate

text: as

text: a

text: mostly

text: seamless

text: national

text: service

text: with

text: few

text: deviations

text: from

text: the

text: main

text: network

text: schedule

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: regional

text: differences

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: For

text: on

text: air

text: identification

text: most

text: CBC

text: stations

text: use

text: the

text: CBC

text: brand

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: call

text: letters

text: not

text: identifying

text: themselves

text: specifically

text: until

text: sign

text: on

text: or

text: sign

text: off

text: though

text: some

text: like

text: Toronto

text: 's

text: CBLT

text: do

text: not

text: ID

text: themselves

text: at

text: all

text: except

text: through

text: PSIP

text: All

text: CBC

text: O&O

text: stations

text: have

text: a

text: standard

text: call

text: letter

text: naming

text: convention

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: letters

text: are

text: CB

text: an

text: ITU

text: prefix

text: allocated

text: not

text: to

text: Canada

text: but

text: to

text: Chile

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: letter

text: is

text: T

text: Only

text: the

text: third

text: letter

text: varies

text: from

text: market

text: to

text: market

text: however

text: that

text: letter

text: is

text: typically

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: letter

text: of

text: the

text: CBC

text: Radio

text: One

text: and

text: CBC

text: Radio

text: stations

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: market

text: An

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: are

text: the

text: CBC

text: North

text: stations

text: in

text: Yellowknife

text: Whitehorse

text: and

text: Iqaluit

text: whose

text: call

text: signs

text: begin

text: with

text: CF

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: historic

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: CBC

text: 's

text: Frontier

text: Coverage

text: Package

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: microwave

text: and

text: satellite

text: broadcasting

question: What station does not identify itself by its call letters?

answer: Toronto's CBLT

text: Toronto's CBLT

question: Who owns and operates most of the CBC television stations?

answer: CBC itself

text: CBC itself

question: What are the first two letters of nearly all CBC stations?

answer: "CB"

text: "CB"

question: What is the last letter of nearly all CBC stations?

answer: "T"

text: "T"

question: Which stations break convention and begin with "CF" instead of "CB"?

answer: CBC North

text: CBC North


text: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist leader, declared Swaraj as the destiny of the nation. His popular sentence "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it" became the source of inspiration for Indians. Tilak was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who held the same point of view. Under them, India's three big provinces – Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab, India shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism. In 1907, the Congress was split into two factions: The radicals, led by Tilak, advocated civil agitation and direct revolution to overthrow the British Empire and the abandonment of all things British. The moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, on the other hand wanted reform within the framework of British rule.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Bal

text: Gangadhar

text: Tilak

text: an

text: Indian

text: nationalist

text: leader

text: declared

text: Swaraj

text: as

text: the

text: destiny

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: His

text: popular

text: sentence

text: Swaraj

text: is

text: my

text: birthright

text: and

text: I

text: shall

text: have

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: inspiration

text: for

text: Indians

text: Tilak

text: was

text: backed

text: by

text: rising

text: public

text: leaders

text: like

text: Bipin

text: Chandra

text: Pal

text: and

text: Lala

text: Lajpat

text: Rai

text: who

text: held

text: the

text: same

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: Under

text: them

text: India

text: 's

text: three

text: big

text: provinces

text: Maharashtra

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Punjab

text: India

text: shaped

text: the

text: demand

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: India

text: 's

text: nationalism

text: In

text: the

text: Congress

text: was

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: factions

text: The

text: radicals

text: led

text: by

text: Tilak

text: advocated

text: civil

text: agitation

text: and

text: direct

text: revolution

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: abandonment

text: of

text: all

text: things

text: British

text: The

text: moderates

text: led

text: by

text: leaders

text: like

text: Dadabhai

text: Naoroji

text: and

text: Gopal

text: Krishna

text: Gokhale

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: wanted

text: reform

text: within

text: the

text: framework

text: of

text: British

text: rule

question: What Indian leader said that Swaraj was his birthright?

answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

text: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

question: What parts of India shaped the demands of the people for nationalism?

answer: three big provinces

text: three big provinces

question: How was the Congress split in 1907?

answer: two factions

text: two factions

question: Which faction of the Congress did Tilak lead?

answer: The radicals

text: The radicals

question: Which faction wanted reform within British rule?

answer: The moderates

text: The moderates


text: In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: In

text: empirical

text: therapy

text: a

text: patient

text: has

text: proven

text: or

text: suspected

text: infection

text: but

text: the

text: responsible

text: microorganism

text: is

text: not

text: yet

text: unidentified

text: While

text: the

text: microorgainsim

text: is

text: being

text: identified

text: the

text: doctor

text: will

text: usually

text: administer

text: the

text: best

text: choice

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: that

text: will

text: be

text: most

text: active

text: against

text: the

text: likely

text: cause

text: of

text: infection

text: usually

text: a

text: broad

text: spectrum

text: antibiotic

text: Empirical

text: therapy

text: is

text: usually

text: initiated

text: before

text: the

text: doctor

text: knows

text: the

text: exact

text: identification

text: of

text: microorgansim

text: causing

text: the

text: infection

text: as

text: the

text: identification

text: process

text: make

text: take

text: several

text: days

text: in

text: the

text: laboratory

question: What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?

answer: empirical therapy

text: empirical therapy

question: Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing?

answer: laboratory

text: laboratory

question: What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy?

answer: broad spectrum antibiotic

text: broad spectrum antibiotic

question: At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy?

answer: While the microorgainsim is being identified

text: While the microorgainsim is being identified

question: How long does the identification process take?

answer: several days

text: several days

question: What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet?

answer: broad spectrum antibiotic

text: broad spectrum antibiotic

question: What happens in empirical therapy?

answer: a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified

text: a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified

question: When is empirical started?

answer: before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim

text: before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim


text: The oak forests of the southern and central Appalachians consist largely of black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks (Quercus velutina, Q. rubra, Q. alba, Q. prinus and Q. coccinea) and hickories, such as the pignut (Carya glabra) in particular. The richest forests, which grade into mesic types, usually in coves and on gentle slopes, have dominantly white and northern red oaks, while the driest sites are dominated by chestnut oak, or sometimes by scarlet or northern red oaks. In the northern Appalachians the oaks, except for white and northern red, drop out, while the latter extends farthest north.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: The

text: oak

text: forests

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: Appalachians

text: consist

text: largely

text: of

text: black

text: northern

text: red

text: white

text: chestnut

text: and

text: scarlet

text: oaks

text: Quercus

text: velutina

text: Q.

text: rubra

text: Q.

text: alba

text: Q.

text: prinus

text: and

text: Q.

text: coccinea

text: and

text: hickories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: pignut

text: Carya

text: glabra

text: in

text: particular

text: The

text: richest

text: forests

text: which

text: grade

text: into

text: mesic

text: types

text: usually

text: in

text: coves

text: and

text: on

text: gentle

text: slopes

text: have

text: dominantly

text: white

text: and

text: northern

text: red

text: oaks

text: while

text: the

text: driest

text: sites

text: are

text: dominated

text: by

text: chestnut

text: oak

text: or

text: sometimes

text: by

text: scarlet

text: or

text: northern

text: red

text: oaks

text: In

text: the

text: northern

text: Appalachians

text: the

text: oaks

text: except

text: for

text: white

text: and

text: northern

text: red

text: drop

text: out

text: while

text: the

text: latter

text: extends

text: farthest

text: north

question: What kind of oaks are in the central and southern portions?

answer: black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks

text: black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks

question: What other tree is common there?

answer: hickories

text: hickories

question: What trees are located in drier portions?

answer: chestnut oak

text: chestnut oak


text: When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: When

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: released

text: reviewers

text: noted

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: parts

text: and

text: opinion

text: was

text: mixed

text: about

text: Lee

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: connect

text: them

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: novel

text: concerns

text: the

text: children

text: 's

text: fascination

text: with

text: Boo

text: Radley

text: and

text: their

text: feelings

text: of

text: safety

text: and

text: comfort

text: in

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: Reviewers

text: were

text: generally

text: charmed

text: by

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: 's

text: observations

text: of

text: their

text: quirky

text: neighbors

text: One

text: writer

text: was

text: so

text: impressed

text: by

text: Lee

text: 's

text: detailed

text: explanations

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Maycomb

text: that

text: he

text: categorized

text: the

text: book

text: as

text: Southern

text: romantic

text: regionalism

text: This

text: sentimentalism

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: Lee

text: 's

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: caste

text: system

text: to

text: explain

text: almost

text: every

text: character

text: 's

text: behavior

text: in

text: the

text: novel

text: Scout

text: 's

text: Aunt

text: Alexandra

text: attributes

text: Maycomb

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: faults

text: and

text: advantages

text: to

text: genealogy

text: families

text: that

text: have

text: gambling

text: streaks

text: and

text: drinking

text: streaks

text: and

text: the

text: narrator

text: sets

text: the

text: action

text: and

text: characters

text: amid

text: a

text: finely

text: detailed

text: background

text: of

text: the

text: Finch

text: family

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Maycomb

text: This

text: regionalist

text: theme

text: is

text: further

text: reflected

text: in

text: Mayella

text: Ewell

text: 's

text: apparent

text: powerlessness

text: to

text: admit

text: her

text: advances

text: toward

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: and

text: Scout

text: 's

text: definition

text: of

text: fine

text: folks

text: being

text: people

text: with

text: good

text: sense

text: who

text: do

text: the

text: best

text: they

text: can

text: with

text: what

text: they

text: have

text: The

text: South

text: itself

text: with

text: its

text: traditions

text: and

text: taboos

text: seems

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: plot

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: characters

question: Besides the children's fascination with Boo, the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what?

answer: the neighborhood

text: the neighborhood

question: Lee's detailed explanations of the characters' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what?

answer: Southern romantic regionalism

text: Southern romantic regionalism

question: Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who?

answer: fine folks

text: fine folks

question: What drives the plot of the book more than the characters?

answer: The South itself

text: The South itself


text: On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, but government securities issued by European states would be acceptable collateral as would mortgage-backed securities and other commercial paper that can be demonstrated to be secure. The programme was announced on 8 December 2011 but observers were surprised by the volume of the loans made when it was implemented. Under its LTRO it loaned €489bn to 523 banks for an exceptionally long period of three years at a rate of just one percent. The by far biggest amount of €325bn was tapped by banks in Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain. This way the ECB tried to make sure that banks have enough cash to pay off €200bn of their own maturing debts in the first three months of 2012, and at the same time keep operating and loaning to businesses so that a credit crunch does not choke off economic growth. It also hoped that banks would use some of the money to buy government bonds, effectively easing the debt crisis.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: bank

text: instituted

text: a

text: programme

text: of

text: making

text: low

text: interest

text: loans

text: with

text: a

text: term

text: of

text: three

text: years

text: months

text: and

text: interest

text: to

text: European

text: banks

text: accepting

text: loans

text: from

text: the

text: portfolio

text: of

text: the

text: banks

text: as

text: collateral

text: Loans

text: totalling

text: bn

text: US$

text: bn

text: were

text: announced

text: The

text: loans

text: were

text: not

text: offered

text: to

text: European

text: states

text: but

text: government

text: securities

text: issued

text: by

text: European

text: states

text: would

text: be

text: acceptable

text: collateral

text: as

text: would

text: mortgage

text: backed

text: securities

text: and

text: other

text: commercial

text: paper

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: demonstrated

text: to

text: be

text: secure

text: The

text: programme

text: was

text: announced

text: on

text: December

text: but

text: observers

text: were

text: surprised

text: by

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: the

text: loans

text: made

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: implemented

text: Under

text: its

text: LTRO

text: it

text: loaned

text: to

text: banks

text: for

text: an

text: exceptionally

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: three

text: years

text: at

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: just

text: one

text: percent

text: The

text: by

text: far

text: biggest

text: amount

text: of

text: was

text: tapped

text: by

text: banks

text: in

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: and

text: Spain

text: This

text: way

text: the

text: ECB

text: tried

text: to

text: make

text: sure

text: that

text: banks

text: have

text: enough

text: cash

text: to

text: pay

text: off

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: maturing

text: debts

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: months

text: of

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: keep

text: operating

text: and

text: loaning

text: to

text: businesses

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: credit

text: crunch

text: does

text: not

text: choke

text: off

text: economic

text: growth

text: It

text: also

text: hoped

text: that

text: banks

text: would

text: use

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: money

text: to

text: buy

text: government

text: bonds

text: effectively

text: easing

text: the

text: debt

text: crisis

question: After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most?

answer: Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain

text: Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain

question: What would happen if some of the banks were to begin buying govenrment bonds?

answer: easing the debt crisis

text: easing the debt crisis

question: How much does the ECB have to have to pay off it's own debts?

answer: €200bn

question: How do you prevent a credit bottleneck?

answer: keep operating and loaning to businesses

text: keep operating and loaning to businesses


text: Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Charleston

text: has

text: one

text: official

text: sister

text: city

text: Spoleto

text: Umbria

text: Italy

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: cities

text: began

text: when

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: winning

text: Italian

text: composer

text: Gian

text: Carlo

text: Menotti

text: selected

text: Charleston

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: American

text: version

text: of

text: Spoleto

text: 's

text: annual

text: Festival

text: of

text: Two

text: Worlds

text: Looking

text: for

text: a

text: city

text: that

text: would

text: provide

text: the

text: charm

text: of

text: Spoleto

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: wealth

text: of

text: theaters

text: churches

text: and

text: other

text: performance

text: spaces

text: they

text: selected

text: Charleston

text: South

text: Carolina

text: as

text: the

text: ideal

text: location

text: The

text: historic

text: city

text: provided

text: a

text: perfect

text: fit

text: intimate

text: enough

text: that

text: the

text: Festival

text: would

text: captivate

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: yet

text: cosmopolitan

text: enough

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: enthusiastic

text: audience

text: and

text: robust

text: infrastructure

question: What is the name of Charleston's sister city?

answer: Spoleto

text: Spoleto

question: In what country is Spoleto located?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival?

answer: Gian Carlo Menotti

text: Gian Carlo Menotti

question: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?

answer: Festival of Two Worlds

text: Festival of Two Worlds

question: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?

answer: composer

text: composer


text: Von Neumann was a founding figure in computing. Donald Knuth cites von Neumann as the inventor, in 1945, of the merge sort algorithm, in which the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged. Von Neumann wrote the sorting program for the EDVAC in ink, being 23 pages long; traces can still be seen on the first page of the phrase "TOP SECRET", which was written in pencil and later erased. He also worked on the philosophy of artificial intelligence with Alan Turing when the latter visited Princeton in the 1930s.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: figure

text: in

text: computing

text: Donald

text: Knuth

text: cites

text: von

text: Neumann

text: as

text: the

text: inventor

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: merge

text: sort

text: algorithm

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: halves

text: of

text: an

text: array

text: are

text: each

text: sorted

text: recursively

text: and

text: then

text: merged

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: wrote

text: the

text: sorting

text: program

text: for

text: the

text: EDVAC

text: in

text: ink

text: being

text: pages

text: long

text: traces

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: page

text: of

text: the

text: phrase

text: TOP

text: SECRET

text: which

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: pencil

text: and

text: later

text: erased

text: He

text: also

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: with

text: Alan

text: Turing

text: when

text: the

text: latter

text: visited

text: Princeton

text: in

text: the

question: Who was the inventor of the merge-sort algorithm?

answer: Von Neumann

text: Von Neumann

question: With whom did von Neumann work on the philosophy of artificial intelligence?

answer: Alan Turing

text: Alan Turing

question: What does a merge sort algorithm do?

answer: the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged

text: the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged


text: In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915. The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: In

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: Company

text: entered

text: into

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: to

text: produce

text: tar

text: bound

text: macadam

text: with

text: materials

text: manufactured

text: through

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: company

text: called

text: Clarmac

text: Roads

text: Ltd.

text: Two

text: products

text: resulted

text: namely

text: Clarmac

text: and

text: Clarphalte

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: being

text: manufactured

text: by

text: Clarmac

text: Roads

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: by

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: Patent

text: Asphalte

text: Co.

text: although

text: Clarmac

text: was

text: more

text: widely

text: used.[note

text: However

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: impacted

text: financially

text: on

text: the

text: Clarmac

text: Company

text: which

text: entered

text: into

text: liquidation

text: in

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: Clarmac

text: Roads

text: Ltd

text: had

text: a

text: flow

text: on

text: effect

text: to

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: Company

text: which

text: was

text: itself

text: compulsorily

text: wound

text: up

text: ceasing

text: operations

text: in

text: having

text: invested

text: a

text: substantial

text: amount

text: of

text: funds

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: venture

text: both

text: at

text: the

text: outset

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: subsequent

text: attempt

text: to

text: save

text: the

text: Clarmac

text: Company

question: Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful?

answer: Clarmac

text: Clarmac

question: When did Claridge's company liquidate?

answer: 1915

question: What world event caused the end of Claridge's company?

answer: First World War

text: First World War

question: What was the subsidiary company that lead Claridge into ruin?

answer: Clarmac Roads Ltd

text: Clarmac Roads Ltd

question: What kind of money did Claridge  invest in attempting  to save his companies?

answer: substantial amount

text: substantial amount


text: Hayek wrote an essay, "Why I Am Not a Conservative" (included as an appendix to The Constitution of Liberty), in which he disparaged conservatism for its inability to adapt to changing human realities or to offer a positive political program, remarking, "Conservatism is only as good as what it conserves." Although he noted that modern day conservatism shares many opinions on economics with classical liberals, particularly a belief in the free market, he believed it's because conservatism wants to "stand still," whereas liberalism embraces the free market because it "wants to go somewhere." Hayek identified himself as a classical liberal, but noted that in the United States it had become almost impossible to use "liberal" in its original definition, and the term "libertarian" has been used instead. In this text, Hayek also opposed conservatism for "its hostility to internationalism and its proneness to a strident nationalism" and its frequent association with imperialism.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: wrote

text: an

text: essay

text: Why

text: I

text: Am

text: Not

text: a

text: Conservative

text: included

text: as

text: an

text: appendix

text: to

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: disparaged

text: conservatism

text: for

text: its

text: inability

text: to

text: adapt

text: to

text: changing

text: human

text: realities

text: or

text: to

text: offer

text: a

text: positive

text: political

text: program

text: remarking

text: Conservatism

text: is

text: only

text: as

text: good

text: as

text: what

text: it

text: conserves

text: Although

text: he

text: noted

text: that

text: modern

text: day

text: conservatism

text: shares

text: many

text: opinions

text: on

text: economics

text: with

text: classical

text: liberals

text: particularly

text: a

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: free

text: market

text: he

text: believed

text: it

text: 's

text: because

text: conservatism

text: wants

text: to

text: stand

text: still

text: whereas

text: liberalism

text: embraces

text: the

text: free

text: market

text: because

text: it

text: wants

text: to

text: go

text: somewhere

text: Hayek

text: identified

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: classical

text: liberal

text: but

text: noted

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: had

text: become

text: almost

text: impossible

text: to

text: use

text: liberal

text: in

text: its

text: original

text: definition

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: libertarian

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: instead

text: In

text: this

text: text

text: Hayek

text: also

text: opposed

text: conservatism

text: for

text: its

text: hostility

text: to

text: internationalism

text: and

text: its

text: proneness

text: to

text: a

text: strident

text: nationalism

text: and

text: its

text: frequent

text: association

text: with

text: imperialism

question: What ideology did Hayek not agree with in an essay appended to The Constitution of Liberty?

answer: conservatism

text: conservatism

question: What word is used in the United States to identify Hayek's ideology?

answer: libertarian

text: libertarian

question: Which ideology did Hayek believe conservatism discouraged?

answer: internationalism

text: internationalism

question: What does conservatism have in common with classical liberalism?

answer: belief in the free market

text: belief in the free market

question: What was Hayek's statement regarding conservatism?

answer: "Conservatism is only as good as what it conserves."

text: "Conservatism is only as good as what it conserves."


text: From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities and churches were built during this time, including a new capital at Lake Van and a new Cathedral on Akdamar Island to match. The Cathedral of Ani was also completed during this dynasty. It was during this time that the first major monasteries, such as Haghpat and Haritchavank were built. This period was ended by the Seljuk invasion.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: century

text: Armenian

text: architecture

text: underwent

text: a

text: revival

text: under

text: the

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: Bagratid

text: Dynasty

text: with

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: building

text: done

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Lake

text: Van

text: this

text: included

text: both

text: traditional

text: styles

text: and

text: new

text: innovations

text: Ornately

text: carved

text: Armenian

text: Khachkars

text: were

text: developed

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: Many

text: new

text: cities

text: and

text: churches

text: were

text: built

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: including

text: a

text: new

text: capital

text: at

text: Lake

text: Van

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: Cathedral

text: on

text: Akdamar

text: Island

text: to

text: match

text: The

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Ani

text: was

text: also

text: completed

text: during

text: this

text: dynasty

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: monasteries

text: such

text: as

text: Haghpat

text: and

text: Haritchavank

text: were

text: built

text: This

text: period

text: was

text: ended

text: by

text: the

text: Seljuk

text: invasion

question: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?

answer: Seljuk

text: Seljuk

question: What Armenian monasteries were built in the 11th century?

answer: Haghpat and Haritchavank

text: Haghpat and Haritchavank

question: When was there an Armenian architecture revival?

answer: From the 9th to 11th century

text: From the 9th to 11th century

question: What dynasty ruled Armenia in the 10th century?

answer: Bagratid Dynasty

text: Bagratid Dynasty

question: What was ornately carved in the 9th-11th centuries?

answer: Armenian Khachkars

text: Armenian Khachkars


text: Between two thirds and three quarters of the population live in urban areas. Switzerland has gone from a largely rural country to an urban one in just 70 years. Since 1935 urban development has claimed as much of the Swiss landscape as it did during the previous 2,000 years. This urban sprawl does not only affect the plateau but also the Jura and the Alpine foothills and there are growing concerns about land use. However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Between

text: two

text: thirds

text: and

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Switzerland

text: has

text: gone

text: from

text: a

text: largely

text: rural

text: country

text: to

text: an

text: urban

text: one

text: in

text: just

text: years

text: Since

text: urban

text: development

text: has

text: claimed

text: as

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: landscape

text: as

text: it

text: did

text: during

text: the

text: previous

text: years

text: This

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: does

text: not

text: only

text: affect

text: the

text: plateau

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: Jura

text: and

text: the

text: Alpine

text: foothills

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: growing

text: concerns

text: about

text: land

text: use

text: However

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: population

text: growth

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: is

text: higher

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: countryside

question: How much of the Swiss population live in urban areas?

answer: Between two thirds and three quarters

text: Between two thirds and three quarters

question: From the beginning of the 21st century, how does the population growth in urban areas compare to the countryside?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: How many years did it take Switzerland to go from a largely urban country to a rural one?

answer: 70


text: Cultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the stigma of addiction and avoid pain treatment so as not to be prescribed potentially addicting drugs. Many Asians do not want to lose respect in society by admitting they are in pain and need help, believing the pain should be borne in silence, while other cultures feel they should report pain right away and get immediate relief. Gender can also be a factor in reporting pain. Sexual differences can be the result of social and cultural expectations, with women expected to be emotional and show pain and men stoic, keeping pain to themselves.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Cultural

text: barriers

text: can

text: also

text: keep

text: a

text: person

text: from

text: telling

text: someone

text: they

text: are

text: in

text: pain

text: Religious

text: beliefs

text: may

text: prevent

text: the

text: individual

text: from

text: seeking

text: help

text: They

text: may

text: feel

text: certain

text: pain

text: treatment

text: is

text: against

text: their

text: religion

text: They

text: may

text: not

text: report

text: pain

text: because

text: they

text: feel

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: sign

text: that

text: death

text: is

text: near

text: Many

text: people

text: fear

text: the

text: stigma

text: of

text: addiction

text: and

text: avoid

text: pain

text: treatment

text: so

text: as

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: prescribed

text: potentially

text: addicting

text: drugs

text: Many

text: Asians

text: do

text: not

text: want

text: to

text: lose

text: respect

text: in

text: society

text: by

text: admitting

text: they

text: are

text: in

text: pain

text: and

text: need

text: help

text: believing

text: the

text: pain

text: should

text: be

text: borne

text: in

text: silence

text: while

text: other

text: cultures

text: feel

text: they

text: should

text: report

text: pain

text: right

text: away

text: and

text: get

text: immediate

text: relief

text: Gender

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: a

text: factor

text: in

text: reporting

text: pain

text: Sexual

text: differences

text: can

text: be

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: expectations

text: with

text: women

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: emotional

text: and

text: show

text: pain

text: and

text: men

text: stoic

text: keeping

text: pain

text: to

text: themselves

question: What kind of barriers can prevent a person from telling someone they're in pain?

answer: Cultural

text: Cultural

question: How can religious beliefs contribute to a person remaining in pain?

answer: prevent the individual from seeking help

text: prevent the individual from seeking help

question: Some people may not report pain because they think it's a sign what is near?

answer: death

text: death

question: What do many people fear pain treatment will lead to?

answer: potentially addicting drugs

text: potentially addicting drugs

question: What is an issue of reporting pain specific to Asians?

answer: do not want to lose respect in society by admitting they are in pain

text: do not want to lose respect in society by admitting they are in pain


text: Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant. Since 1900, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion. Much of the growth has occurred after World War II, when decolonization of Africa and abolition of various restrictions against Protestants in Latin American countries occurred. According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5%, 2%, 0.5% of Latin Americans, Africans and Asians. In 2000, percentage of Protestants on mentioned continents was 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively. According to Mark A. Noll, 79% of Anglicans lived in the United Kingdom in 1910, while most of the remainder was found in the United States and across the British Commonwealth. By 2010, 59% of Anglicans were found in Africa. In 2010, more Protestants lived in India than in the UK or Germany, while Protestants in Brazil accounted for as many people as Protestants in the UK and Germany combined. Almost as many lived in each of Nigeria and China as in all of Europe. China is home to world's largest Protestant minority.[af]

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Changes

text: in

text: worldwide

text: Protestantism

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: century

text: have

text: been

text: significant

text: Since

text: Protestantism

text: has

text: spread

text: rapidly

text: in

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: Oceania

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: That

text: caused

text: Protestantism

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: a

text: primarily

text: non

text: Western

text: religion

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: has

text: occurred

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: when

text: decolonization

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: abolition

text: of

text: various

text: restrictions

text: against

text: Protestants

text: in

text: Latin

text: American

text: countries

text: occurred

text: According

text: to

text: one

text: source

text: Protestants

text: constituted

text: respectively

text: of

text: Latin

text: Americans

text: Africans

text: and

text: Asians

text: In

text: percentage

text: of

text: Protestants

text: on

text: mentioned

text: continents

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: and

text: respectively

text: According

text: to

text: Mark

text: A.

text: Noll

text: of

text: Anglicans

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: while

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: remainder

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: across

text: the

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: By

text: of

text: Anglicans

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: Africa

text: In

text: more

text: Protestants

text: lived

text: in

text: India

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: or

text: Germany

text: while

text: Protestants

text: in

text: Brazil

text: accounted

text: for

text: as

text: many

text: people

text: as

text: Protestants

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: Germany

text: combined

text: Almost

text: as

text: many

text: lived

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: China

text: as

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: China

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: Protestant

text: minority.[af

question: Where has Protestantism spread quickly since the 1900's?

answer: Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America

text: Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America

question: When did much of the spread of Protestantism occur in the 20th century?

answer: after World War II

text: after World War II

question: In 2010, what percentage of Anglicans were said to be in Africa?

answer: 59%

question: What percentage of Anglicans were in the UK in 1910?

answer: 79%

question: In 2010, what country had more Protestants than both the UK and Germany together?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil


text: The earliest disc records (1889–1894) were made of various materials including hard rubber. Around 1895, a shellac-based compound was introduced and became standard. Exact formulas for this compound varied by manufacturer and over the course of time, but it was typically composed of about one-third shellac and about two-thirds mineral filler, which meant finely pulverized rock, usually slate and limestone, with an admixture of cotton fibers to add tensile strength, carbon black for color (without this, it tended to be a "dirty" gray or brown color that most record companies considered unattractive), and a very small amount of a lubricant to facilitate mold release during manufacture. Some makers, notably Columbia Records, used a laminated construction with a core disc of coarser material or fiber. The production of shellac records continued until the end of the 78 rpm format (i.e., the late 1950s in most developed countries, but well into the 1960s in some other places), but increasingly less abrasive formulations were used during its declining years and very late examples in truly like-new condition can have as low noise levels as vinyl.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: earliest

text: disc

text: records

text: were

text: made

text: of

text: various

text: materials

text: including

text: hard

text: rubber

text: Around

text: a

text: shellac

text: based

text: compound

text: was

text: introduced

text: and

text: became

text: standard

text: Exact

text: formulas

text: for

text: this

text: compound

text: varied

text: by

text: manufacturer

text: and

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: time

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: typically

text: composed

text: of

text: about

text: one

text: third

text: shellac

text: and

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: mineral

text: filler

text: which

text: meant

text: finely

text: pulverized

text: rock

text: usually

text: slate

text: and

text: limestone

text: with

text: an

text: admixture

text: of

text: cotton

text: fibers

text: to

text: add

text: tensile

text: strength

text: carbon

text: black

text: for

text: color

text: without

text: this

text: it

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: dirty

text: gray

text: or

text: brown

text: color

text: that

text: most

text: record

text: companies

text: considered

text: unattractive

text: and

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: a

text: lubricant

text: to

text: facilitate

text: mold

text: release

text: during

text: manufacture

text: Some

text: makers

text: notably

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: used

text: a

text: laminated

text: construction

text: with

text: a

text: core

text: disc

text: of

text: coarser

text: material

text: or

text: fiber

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: shellac

text: records

text: continued

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: rpm

text: format

text: i.e.

text: the

text: late

text: in

text: most

text: developed

text: countries

text: but

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: in

text: some

text: other

text: places

text: but

text: increasingly

text: less

text: abrasive

text: formulations

text: were

text: used

text: during

text: its

text: declining

text: years

text: and

text: very

text: late

text: examples

text: in

text: truly

text: like

text: new

text: condition

text: can

text: have

text: as

text: low

text: noise

text: levels

text: as

text: vinyl

question: What materials were discs made of in 1889-1894?

answer: hard rubber

text: hard rubber

question: What was the standard material for discs around 1895?

answer: a shellac-based compound

text: a shellac-based compound

question: What company was known for laminate construction of discs?

answer: Columbia Records

text: Columbia Records

question: What material give the vinyl records their known black color?

answer: carbon

text: carbon

question: What material is used in order to release the vinyl records from their molds?

answer: lubricant

text: lubricant


text: The third war of the Diadochi broke out because of the growing power and ambition of Antigonus. He began removing and appointing satraps as if he were king and also raided the royal treasuries in Ectabana, Persepolis and Susa, making off with 25,000 talents. Seleucus was forced to flee to Egypt and Antigonus was soon at war with Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Cassander. He then invaded Phoenicia, laid siege to Tyre, stormed Gaza and began building a fleet. Ptolemy invaded Syria and defeated Antigonus' son, Demetrius Poliorcetes, in the Battle of Gaza of 312 BC which allowed Seleucus to secure control of Babylonia, and the eastern satrapies. In 310, Cassander had young King Alexander IV and his mother Roxane murdered, ending the Argead Dynasty which had ruled Macedon for several centuries.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: third

text: war

text: of

text: the

text: Diadochi

text: broke

text: out

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: growing

text: power

text: and

text: ambition

text: of

text: Antigonus

text: He

text: began

text: removing

text: and

text: appointing

text: satraps

text: as

text: if

text: he

text: were

text: king

text: and

text: also

text: raided

text: the

text: royal

text: treasuries

text: in

text: Ectabana

text: Persepolis

text: and

text: Susa

text: making

text: off

text: with

text: talents

text: Seleucus

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: flee

text: to

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Antigonus

text: was

text: soon

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Ptolemy

text: Lysimachus

text: and

text: Cassander

text: He

text: then

text: invaded

text: Phoenicia

text: laid

text: siege

text: to

text: Tyre

text: stormed

text: Gaza

text: and

text: began

text: building

text: a

text: fleet

text: Ptolemy

text: invaded

text: Syria

text: and

text: defeated

text: Antigonus

text: son

text: Demetrius

text: Poliorcetes

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Gaza

text: of

text: BC

text: which

text: allowed

text: Seleucus

text: to

text: secure

text: control

text: of

text: Babylonia

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: satrapies

text: In

text: Cassander

text: had

text: young

text: King

text: Alexander

text: IV

text: and

text: his

text: mother

text: Roxane

text: murdered

text: ending

text: the

text: Argead

text: Dynasty

text: which

text: had

text: ruled

text: Macedon

text: for

text: several

text: centuries

question: How many talents did Diadochi steal from Ectabana, Persepolis and Susa?

answer: 25,000

question: Who defeated Demetrius Poliorcetes?

answer: Ptolemy

text: Ptolemy

question: When was the Battle of Gaza?

answer: 312 BC

text: 312 BC

question: Who ordered the death of King Alexander IV?

answer: Cassander

text: Cassander

question: What year did the Argead Dynasty end?

answer: 310


text: LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVision") in North America in 1978, the technology was previously referred to internally as Optical Videodisc System, Reflective Optical Videodisc, Laser Optical Videodisc, and Disco-Vision (with a dash), with the first players referring to the format as "Video Long Play".

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

text: was

text: first

text: available

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: on

text: December

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: VHS

text: VCR

text: and

text: four

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: CD

text: which

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: laser

text: disc

text: technology

text: Initially

text: licensed

text: sold

text: and

text: marketed

text: as

text: MCA

text: DiscoVision

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: simply

text: DiscoVision

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: technology

text: was

text: previously

text: referred

text: to

text: internally

text: as

text: Optical

text: Videodisc

text: System

text: Reflective

text: Optical

text: Videodisc

text: Laser

text: Optical

text: Videodisc

text: and

text: Disco

text: Vision

text: with

text: a

text: dash

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: players

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: format

text: as

text: Video

text: Long

text: Play

question: Where was LaserDisc first available?

answer: Atlanta, Georgia

text: Atlanta, Georgia

question: How many years after VHS was LaserDisk released?

answer: two years

text: two years

question: Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed?

answer: MCA DiscoVision

text: MCA DiscoVision

question: How did the first viewers refer to the media?

answer: "Video Long Play"

text: "Video Long Play"


text: ^8 This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the former Yugoslav republics. The nationality is also declared by diasporans living in the USA and Canada. There are a multitude of reasons as to why people prefer this affiliation, some published on the article.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: This

text: identity

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: a

text: minority

text: throughout

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslav

text: republics

text: The

text: nationality

text: is

text: also

text: declared

text: by

text: diasporans

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: and

text: Canada

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: reasons

text: as

text: to

text: why

text: people

text: prefer

text: this

text: affiliation

text: some

text: published

text: on

text: the

text: article

question: This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the what former republics?

answer: Yugoslav republics

text: Yugoslav republics

question: The nationality is also declared by diasporans living where?

answer: USA and Canada

text: USA and Canada


text: Some organizations have begun working with teachers, policymakers, and managed foodservice contractors to mandate improved nutritional content and increased nutritional resources in school cafeterias from primary to university level institutions. Health and nutrition have been proven to have close links with overall educational success. Currently, less than 10% of American college students report that they eat the recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables daily. Better nutrition has been shown to have an impact on both cognitive and spatial memory performance; a study showed those with higher blood sugar levels performed better on certain memory tests. In another study, those who consumed yogurt performed better on thinking tasks when compared to those that consumed caffeine-free diet soda or confections. Nutritional deficiencies have been shown to have a negative effect on learning behavior in mice as far back as 1951.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Some

text: organizations

text: have

text: begun

text: working

text: with

text: teachers

text: policymakers

text: and

text: managed

text: foodservice

text: contractors

text: to

text: mandate

text: improved

text: nutritional

text: content

text: and

text: increased

text: nutritional

text: resources

text: in

text: school

text: cafeterias

text: from

text: primary

text: to

text: university

text: level

text: institutions

text: Health

text: and

text: nutrition

text: have

text: been

text: proven

text: to

text: have

text: close

text: links

text: with

text: overall

text: educational

text: success

text: Currently

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: American

text: college

text: students

text: report

text: that

text: they

text: eat

text: the

text: recommended

text: five

text: servings

text: of

text: fruit

text: and

text: vegetables

text: daily

text: Better

text: nutrition

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: impact

text: on

text: both

text: cognitive

text: and

text: spatial

text: memory

text: performance

text: a

text: study

text: showed

text: those

text: with

text: higher

text: blood

text: sugar

text: levels

text: performed

text: better

text: on

text: certain

text: memory

text: tests

text: In

text: another

text: study

text: those

text: who

text: consumed

text: yogurt

text: performed

text: better

text: on

text: thinking

text: tasks

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: those

text: that

text: consumed

text: caffeine

text: free

text: diet

text: soda

text: or

text: confections

text: Nutritional

text: deficiencies

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: negative

text: effect

text: on

text: learning

text: behavior

text: in

text: mice

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

question: What are organizations targeting with the aim of improving nutritional content or resources?

answer: school cafeterias

text: school cafeterias

question: Outside of policymakers and teachers, who else is a key component to improving nutritional content in schools?

answer: managed foodservice contractors

text: managed foodservice contractors

question: What are health and nutrition shown to have a link to in terms of education?

answer: overall educational success

text: overall educational success

question: What percentage of American students report that they currently eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables?

answer: 10

question: Which animal was shown to have a negative effect on learning behavior due to nutritional deficiencies back in 1951?

answer: mice

text: mice


text: Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Madaris

text: were

text: largely

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: fiqh

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: The

text: ijāzat

text: al

text: tadrīs

text: wa

text: al

text: iftāʼ

text: licence

text: to

text: teach

text: and

text: issue

text: legal

text: opinions

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: legal

text: education

text: system

text: had

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: after

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: madhāhib

text: schools

text: of

text: jurisprudence

text: George

text: Makdisi

text: considers

text: the

text: ijāzah

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: doctorate

text: However

text: in

text: an

text: earlier

text: article

text: he

text: considered

text: the

text: ijāzah

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: fundamental

text: difference

text: to

text: the

text: medieval

text: doctorate

text: since

text: the

text: former

text: was

text: awarded

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: teacher

text: scholar

text: not

text: obliged

text: to

text: follow

text: any

text: formal

text: criteria

text: whereas

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: conferred

text: on

text: the

text: student

text: by

text: the

text: collective

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: faculty

text: To

text: obtain

text: an

text: ijāzah

text: a

text: student

text: had

text: to

text: study

text: in

text: a

text: guild

text: school

text: of

text: law

text: usually

text: four

text: years

text: for

text: the

text: basic

text: undergraduate

text: course

text: and

text: ten

text: or

text: more

text: years

text: for

text: a

text: post

text: graduate

text: course

text: The

text: doctorate

text: was

text: obtained

text: after

text: an

text: oral

text: examination

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: originality

text: of

text: the

text: candidate

text: 's

text: theses

text: and

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: student

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: defend

text: them

text: against

text: all

text: objections

text: in

text: disputations

text: set

text: up

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: These

text: were

text: scholarly

text: exercises

text: practised

text: throughout

text: the

text: student

text: 's

text: career

text: as

text: a

text: graduate

text: student

text: of

text: law

text: After

text: students

text: completed

text: their

text: post

text: graduate

text: education

text: they

text: were

text: awarded

text: ijazas

text: giving

text: them

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: faqīh

text: scholar

text: of

text: jurisprudence

text: muftī

text: scholar

text: competent

text: in

text: issuing

text: fatwās

text: and

text: mudarris

text: teacher

question: What term refers to Islamic law?

answer: fiqh

text: fiqh

question: When did Islamic law school begin?

answer: 9th century

text: 9th century

question: How long did a student have to study law, in early Islamic law graduate schools, in order to graduate?

answer: ten or more years

text: ten or more years

question: What traditional schooling has been considered modeled after the traditional Islamic graduate schools?

answer: European doctorate

text: European doctorate


text: After running imperial military affairs in the states of Coahuila and Durango, General Agustín Enrique Brincourt made preparations to invade the state of Chihuahua. On July 8, 1865 Brincourt crossed the Nazas River in northern Durango, heading toward Chihuahua. On July 22 Brincourt crossed the banks of Río Florido into Ciudad Jiménez; one day later he arrived at Valle de Allende where he sent Colonel Pyot with a garrison to take control of Hidalgo del Parral. Brincourt continued through Santa Rosalia de Camargo and Santa Cruz de Rosales. President Juárez remained in the state capital until August 5, 1865 when he left for El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez) due to evidence that the French were to attack the city. On the same day, the President named General Manuel Ojinaga the new governor and placed him in charge of all the republican forces. Meanwhile, General Villagran surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo de Parral; after a short two-hour battle, Colonel Pyot was defeated and forced to retreat. At the Battle of Parral, the French lost 55 men to the Republican forces. On August 13, 1865, the French forces with an estimated 2,500 men arrived at the outskirts of Chihuahua City, and on August 15, 1865, General Brincourt defeated the republican forces, taking control of the state capital. Brincourt designated Tomás Zuloaga as Prefect of Chihuahua. Fearing the French would continue their campaign to El Paso del Norte, President Juárez relocated to El Carrizal, a secluded place in the mountains near El Paso del Norte, in August 1865, . It would have been easy for the French forces to continue in pursuit of President Juárez across the border, but they feared altercations with American forces. General François Achille Bazaine ordered the French troops to retreat back to the state of Durango after only reaching a point one days travel north of Chihuahua City. General Brincourt asked for 1,000 men to be left behind to help maintain control over the state, but his request was denied. After the death of General Ojinaga, the Republican government declared General Villagran in charge of the fight against the Imperial forces. The French left the state on October 29, 1865. President Juárez returned to Chihuahua City on November 20, 1865 and remained in the city until December 9, 1865 when he returned to El Paso del Norte. Shortly after the president left Chihuahua City, Terrazas was restored as governor of the state on December 11, 1865.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: After

text: running

text: imperial

text: military

text: affairs

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Coahuila

text: and

text: Durango

text: General

text: Agustín

text: Enrique

text: Brincourt

text: made

text: preparations

text: to

text: invade

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: On

text: July

text: Brincourt

text: crossed

text: the

text: Nazas

text: River

text: in

text: northern

text: Durango

text: heading

text: toward

text: Chihuahua

text: On

text: July

text: Brincourt

text: crossed

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: Río

text: Florido

text: into

text: Ciudad

text: Jiménez

text: one

text: day

text: later

text: he

text: arrived

text: at

text: Valle

text: de

text: Allende

text: where

text: he

text: sent

text: Colonel

text: Pyot

text: with

text: a

text: garrison

text: to

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: del

text: Parral

text: Brincourt

text: continued

text: through

text: Santa

text: Rosalia

text: de

text: Camargo

text: and

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: Rosales

text: President

text: Juárez

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: until

text: August

text: when

text: he

text: left

text: for

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: present

text: day

text: Ciudad

text: Juárez

text: due

text: to

text: evidence

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: were

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: city

text: On

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: the

text: President

text: named

text: General

text: Manuel

text: Ojinaga

text: the

text: new

text: governor

text: and

text: placed

text: him

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: republican

text: forces

text: Meanwhile

text: General

text: Villagran

text: surprised

text: the

text: imperial

text: forces

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: de

text: Parral

text: after

text: a

text: short

text: two

text: hour

text: battle

text: Colonel

text: Pyot

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: forced

text: to

text: retreat

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Parral

text: the

text: French

text: lost

text: men

text: to

text: the

text: Republican

text: forces

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: men

text: arrived

text: at

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: and

text: on

text: August

text: General

text: Brincourt

text: defeated

text: the

text: republican

text: forces

text: taking

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Brincourt

text: designated

text: Tomás

text: Zuloaga

text: as

text: Prefect

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: Fearing

text: the

text: French

text: would

text: continue

text: their

text: campaign

text: to

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: President

text: Juárez

text: relocated

text: to

text: El

text: Carrizal

text: a

text: secluded

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: near

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: in

text: August

text: It

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: easy

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: to

text: continue

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: President

text: Juárez

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: but

text: they

text: feared

text: altercations

text: with

text: American

text: forces

text: General

text: François

text: Achille

text: Bazaine

text: ordered

text: the

text: French

text: troops

text: to

text: retreat

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Durango

text: after

text: only

text: reaching

text: a

text: point

text: one

text: days

text: travel

text: north

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: General

text: Brincourt

text: asked

text: for

text: men

text: to

text: be

text: left

text: behind

text: to

text: help

text: maintain

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: but

text: his

text: request

text: was

text: denied

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: General

text: Ojinaga

text: the

text: Republican

text: government

text: declared

text: General

text: Villagran

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: Imperial

text: forces

text: The

text: French

text: left

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: President

text: Juárez

text: returned

text: to

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: until

text: December

text: when

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: Shortly

text: after

text: the

text: president

text: left

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: Terrazas

text: was

text: restored

text: as

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: December

question: Brincourt made preparations to invade which state?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua

question: In which states had Brincourt run military affairs previously?

answer: Coahuila and Durango

text: Coahuila and Durango

question: Who remained in the capital until August 5, 1865?

answer: President Juárez

text: President Juárez

question: Who surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo?

answer: General Villagran

text: General Villagran

question: The Republican government declared who in charge of the fight against the imperialists?

answer: General Villagran

text: General Villagran


text: The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 to 1973, the RCC introduced social welfare programs funded with oil money, which led to house-building projects and improved healthcare and education. In doing so, they greatly expanded the public sector, providing employment for thousands.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: The

text: RCC

text: implemented

text: measures

text: for

text: social

text: reform

text: adopting

text: sharia

text: as

text: a

text: basis

text: The

text: consumption

text: of

text: alcohol

text: was

text: banned

text: night

text: clubs

text: and

text: Christian

text: churches

text: were

text: shut

text: down

text: traditional

text: Libyan

text: dress

text: was

text: encouraged

text: while

text: Arabic

text: was

text: decreed

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: language

text: permitted

text: in

text: official

text: communications

text: and

text: on

text: road

text: signs

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: RCC

text: introduced

text: social

text: welfare

text: programs

text: funded

text: with

text: oil

text: money

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: house

text: building

text: projects

text: and

text: improved

text: healthcare

text: and

text: education

text: In

text: doing

text: so

text: they

text: greatly

text: expanded

text: the

text: public

text: sector

text: providing

text: employment

text: for

text: thousands

question: On what philosophy was the RCC's social reforms based?

answer: sharia

text: sharia

question: What language was used in official communications by the government of Libya?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: During what period were oil-funded programs for social welfare created?

answer: 1969 to 1973

text: 1969 to 1973

question: What religion was suppressed in Libya?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: What beverage did the Libyan government ban?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol


text: There are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into work in a cyclic process, e.g. in a heat engine, as described by Carnot's theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. However, some energy transformations can be quite efficient. The direction of transformations in energy (what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind) is often determined by entropy (equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom) considerations. In practice all energy transformations are permitted on a small scale, but certain larger transformations are not permitted because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: There

text: are

text: strict

text: limits

text: to

text: how

text: efficiently

text: heat

text: can

text: be

text: converted

text: into

text: work

text: in

text: a

text: cyclic

text: process

text: e.g.

text: in

text: a

text: heat

text: engine

text: as

text: described

text: by

text: Carnot

text: 's

text: theorem

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: law

text: of

text: thermodynamics

text: However

text: some

text: energy

text: transformations

text: can

text: be

text: quite

text: efficient

text: The

text: direction

text: of

text: transformations

text: in

text: energy

text: what

text: kind

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: transformed

text: to

text: what

text: other

text: kind

text: is

text: often

text: determined

text: by

text: entropy

text: equal

text: energy

text: spread

text: among

text: all

text: available

text: degrees

text: of

text: freedom

text: considerations

text: In

text: practice

text: all

text: energy

text: transformations

text: are

text: permitted

text: on

text: a

text: small

text: scale

text: but

text: certain

text: larger

text: transformations

text: are

text: not

text: permitted

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: statistically

text: unlikely

text: that

text: energy

text: or

text: matter

text: will

text: randomly

text: move

text: into

text: more

text: concentrated

text: forms

text: or

text: smaller

text: spaces

question: What states that there are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process?

answer: Carnot's theorem

text: Carnot's theorem

question: What is the direction of transformations in energy?

answer: what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind

text: what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind

question: What is often determined by entropy considerations?

answer: direction of transformations in energy

text: direction of transformations in energy

question: Why are certain larger transformations not permitted?

answer: because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces

text: because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces


text: Until the Church Building Act of 1818, the period saw relatively few churches built in Britain, which was already well-supplied, although in the later years of the period the demand for Non-conformist and Roman Catholic places of worship greatly increased. Anglican churches that were built were designed internally to allow maximum audibility, and visibility, for preaching, so the main nave was generally wider and shorter than in medieval plans, and often there were no side-aisles. Galleries were common in new churches. Especially in country parishes, the external appearance generally retained the familiar signifiers of a Gothic church, with a tower or spire, a large west front with one or more doors, and very large windows along the nave, but all with any ornament drawn from the classical vocabulary. Where funds permitted, a classical temple portico with columns and a pediment might be used at the west front. Decoration inside was very limited, but churches filled up with monuments to the prosperous.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Until

text: the

text: Church

text: Building

text: Act

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: saw

text: relatively

text: few

text: churches

text: built

text: in

text: Britain

text: which

text: was

text: already

text: well

text: supplied

text: although

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: Non

text: conformist

text: and

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: places

text: of

text: worship

text: greatly

text: increased

text: Anglican

text: churches

text: that

text: were

text: built

text: were

text: designed

text: internally

text: to

text: allow

text: maximum

text: audibility

text: and

text: visibility

text: for

text: preaching

text: so

text: the

text: main

text: nave

text: was

text: generally

text: wider

text: and

text: shorter

text: than

text: in

text: medieval

text: plans

text: and

text: often

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: side

text: aisles

text: Galleries

text: were

text: common

text: in

text: new

text: churches

text: Especially

text: in

text: country

text: parishes

text: the

text: external

text: appearance

text: generally

text: retained

text: the

text: familiar

text: signifiers

text: of

text: a

text: Gothic

text: church

text: with

text: a

text: tower

text: or

text: spire

text: a

text: large

text: west

text: front

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: doors

text: and

text: very

text: large

text: windows

text: along

text: the

text: nave

text: but

text: all

text: with

text: any

text: ornament

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: vocabulary

text: Where

text: funds

text: permitted

text: a

text: classical

text: temple

text: portico

text: with

text: columns

text: and

text: a

text: pediment

text: might

text: be

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: west

text: front

text: Decoration

text: inside

text: was

text: very

text: limited

text: but

text: churches

text: filled

text: up

text: with

text: monuments

text: to

text: the

text: prosperous

question: What act spurred to building of new churches in Britain?

answer: Church Building Act of 1818

text: Church Building Act of 1818

question: What were Anglican churches internally designed for?

answer: maximum audibility, and visibility

text: maximum audibility, and visibility

question: The later years of the period saw the demand for which places of worship increase?

answer: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic

text: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic

question: What were common in new churches?

answer: Galleries

text: Galleries

question: Churches filled up with monuments to what?

answer: monuments to the prosperous

text: monuments to the prosperous