text: The Boston Globe and the Boston Herald are two of the city's major daily newspapers. The city is also served by other publications such as Boston magazine, The Improper Bostonian, DigBoston, and the Boston edition of Metro. The Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper but ended publication of daily print editions in 2009, switching to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications. The Boston Globe also releases a teen publication to the city's public high schools, called Teens in Print or T.i.P., which is written by the city's teens and delivered quarterly within the school year.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: The

text: Boston

text: Globe

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: Herald

text: are

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: major

text: daily

text: newspapers

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: served

text: by

text: other

text: publications

text: such

text: as

text: Boston

text: magazine

text: The

text: Improper

text: Bostonian

text: DigBoston

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: edition

text: of

text: Metro

text: The

text: Christian

text: Science

text: Monitor

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Boston

text: was

text: formerly

text: a

text: worldwide

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: but

text: ended

text: publication

text: of

text: daily

text: print

text: editions

text: in

text: switching

text: to

text: continuous

text: online

text: and

text: weekly

text: magazine

text: format

text: publications

text: The

text: Boston

text: Globe

text: also

text: releases

text: a

text: teen

text: publication

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: public

text: high

text: schools

text: called

text: Teens

text: in

text: Print

text: or

text: T.i

text: P.

text: which

text: is

text: written

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: teens

text: and

text: delivered

text: quarterly

text: within

text: the

text: school

text: year

question: The Boston Globe and the Boston herals are two of Bostons what?

answer: daily newspapers

text: daily newspapers

question: Where is the Christial Science Monitor headquarters?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: When did the Christian Science Monitor end daily print newspapers?

answer: 2009

question: How often does The Christian Science monitor publish their magazine?

answer: weekly

text: weekly

question: What is the name of the teen paper that the Boston Globe provides to schools?

answer: Teens in Print

text: Teens in Print


text: The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican). The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005. The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: has

text: often

text: shown

text: striking

text: differences

text: from

text: other

text: boroughs

text: in

text: elections

text: for

text: Mayor

text: The

text: only

text: Republican

text: to

text: carry

text: the

text: Bronx

text: since

text: was

text: Fiorello

text: La

text: Guardia

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: elections

text: only

text: because

text: his

text: vote

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: Labor

text: Party

text: line

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: Republican

text: The

text: Bronx

text: was

text: thus

text: the

text: only

text: borough

text: not

text: carried

text: by

text: the

text: successful

text: Republican

text: re

text: election

text: campaigns

text: of

text: Mayors

text: Rudolph

text: Giuliani

text: in

text: and

text: Michael

text: Bloomberg

text: in

text: The

text: anti

text: war

text: Socialist

text: campaign

text: of

text: Morris

text: Hillquit

text: in

text: the

text: mayoral

text: election

text: won

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: vote

text: putting

text: him

text: second

text: and

text: well

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: won

text: by

text: the

text: incumbent

text: pro

text: war

text: Fusion

text: Mayor

text: John

text: P.

text: Mitchel

text: who

text: came

text: in

text: second

text: ahead

text: of

text: Hillquit

text: everywhere

text: else

text: and

text: outpolled

text: Hillquit

text: city

text: wide

text: by

text: to

question: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?

answer: Fiorello La Guardia

text: Fiorello La Guardia

question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 1997?

answer: Rudolph Giuliani

text: Rudolph Giuliani

question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 2005?

answer: Michael Bloomberg

text: Michael Bloomberg

question: What party was Hillquit?

answer: Socialist

text: Socialist

question: How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917?

answer: over 31%

text: over 31%


text: Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: was

text: pleased

text: with

text: the

text: movie

text: saying

text: In

text: that

text: film

text: the

text: man

text: and

text: the

text: part

text: met

text: I

text: 've

text: had

text: many

text: many

text: offers

text: to

text: turn

text: it

text: into

text: musicals

text: into

text: TV

text: or

text: stage

text: plays

text: but

text: I

text: 've

text: always

text: refused

text: That

text: film

text: was

text: a

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: Peck

text: met

text: Lee

text: 's

text: father

text: the

text: model

text: for

text: Atticus

text: before

text: the

text: filming

text: Lee

text: 's

text: father

text: died

text: before

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: release

text: and

text: Lee

text: was

text: so

text: impressed

text: with

text: Peck

text: 's

text: performance

text: that

text: she

text: gave

text: him

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: pocketwatch

text: which

text: he

text: had

text: with

text: him

text: the

text: evening

text: he

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Oscar

text: for

text: best

text: actor

text: Years

text: later

text: he

text: was

text: reluctant

text: to

text: tell

text: Lee

text: that

text: the

text: watch

text: was

text: stolen

text: out

text: of

text: his

text: luggage

text: in

text: London

text: Heathrow

text: Airport

text: When

text: Peck

text: eventually

text: did

text: tell

text: Lee

text: he

text: said

text: she

text: responded

text: Well

text: it

text: 's

text: only

text: a

text: watch

text: Harper

text: she

text: feels

text: deeply

text: but

text: she

text: 's

text: not

text: a

text: sentimental

text: person

text: about

text: things

text: Lee

text: and

text: Peck

text: shared

text: a

text: friendship

text: long

text: after

text: the

text: movie

text: was

text: made

text: Peck

text: 's

text: grandson

text: was

text: named

text: Harper

text: in

text: her

text: honor

question: What item did Lee give the actor Gregory Peck after portraying Atticus Finch?

answer: father's pocketwatch

text: father's pocketwatch

question: Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee?

answer: grandson

text: grandson

question: What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?

answer: her father's pocketwatch

text: her father's pocketwatch

question: Which one of Peck's relatives was named Harper in honor of Lee?

answer: grandson

text: grandson


text: According to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: According

text: to

text: Mahayana

text: tradition

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: sutras

text: were

text: transmitted

text: in

text: secret

text: came

text: from

text: other

text: Buddhas

text: or

text: Bodhisattvas

text: or

text: were

text: preserved

text: in

text: non

text: human

text: worlds

text: because

text: human

text: beings

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: could

text: not

text: understand

text: them

question: What sutras were transmitted in secret?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana

question: What sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana

question: What tradition says that sutras might have come from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas?

answer: Mahayana tradition

text: Mahayana tradition


text: Pope Saint John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII) born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,[a] Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Pope

text: Saint

text: John

text: XXIII

text: Latin

text: Ioannes

text: XXIII

text: Italian

text: Giovanni

text: XXIII

text: born

text: Angelo

text: Giuseppe

text: Roncalli,[a

text: Italian

text: pronunciation

text: ˈandʒelo

text: dʒuˈzɛppe

text: roŋˈkalli

text: November

text: June

text: reigned

text: as

text: Pope

text: from

text: October

text: to

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: canonized

text: on

text: April

text: Angelo

text: Giuseppe

text: Roncalli

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: of

text: fourteen

text: children

text: born

text: to

text: a

text: family

text: of

text: sharecroppers

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: a

text: village

text: in

text: Lombardy

text: He

text: was

text: ordained

text: to

text: the

text: priesthood

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: served

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: posts

text: including

text: papal

text: nuncio

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: a

text: delegate

text: to

text: Bulgaria

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: In

text: a

text: consistory

text: on

text: January

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: XII

text: made

text: Roncalli

text: a

text: cardinal

text: as

text: the

text: Cardinal

text: Priest

text: of

text: Santa

text: Prisca

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: naming

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Venice

question: What was Pope Saint John XXIII's birth name?

answer: Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

text: Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

question: When was Pope Saint John XXIII born?

answer: 25 November 1881

text: 25 November 1881

question: When did Pope Saint XXIII die?

answer: 3 June 1963

text: 3 June 1963

question: How long did he reign as Pope?

answer: 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963

text: 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963

question: When was he ordained to the priesthood?

answer: 10 August 1904

text: 10 August 1904


text: Educational attainment: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree. These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates. (The respective state and national percentages were [NY] 79.1% & 27.4% and [US] 80.4% & 24.4%.)

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Educational

text: attainment

text: In

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: nearly

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: who

text: were

text: then

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: old

text: had

text: graduated

text: from

text: high

text: school

text: and

text: held

text: a

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: or

text: higher

text: college

text: degree

text: These

text: percentages

text: were

text: lower

text: than

text: those

text: for

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: other

text: boroughs

text: which

text: ranged

text: from

text: Brooklyn

text: to

text: Staten

text: Island

text: for

text: high

text: school

text: graduates

text: over

text: and

text: from

text: Brooklyn

text: to

text: Manhattan

text: for

text: college

text: graduates

text: The

text: respective

text: state

text: and

text: national

text: percentages

text: were

text: NY

text: and

text: US

question: What percent of the Bronx population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?

answer: 62.3%

question: What percent of the Bronx population has a university degree, as of 2000?

answer: 14.6%

question: What percent of the Brooklyn population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?

answer: 68.8%

question: What percent of the Staten Island population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?

answer: 82.6%

question: What percent of the Manhattan population has a university degree, as of 2000?

answer: 49.4%


text: North of central Hyderabad lie Hussain Sagar, Tank Bund Road, Rani Gunj and the Secunderabad Railway Station. Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as Sanjeevaiah Park, Indira Park, Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens, the Buddha statue and Tankbund Park are located here. In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as Banjara Hills, Jubilee Hills, Begumpet, Khairatabad and Miyapur. The northern end contains industrial areas such as Sanathnagar, Moosapet, Balanagar, Patancheru and Chanda Nagar. The northeast end is dotted with residential areas. In the eastern part of the city lie many defence research centres and Ramoji Film City. The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar, Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: North

text: of

text: central

text: Hyderabad

text: lie

text: Hussain

text: Sagar

text: Tank

text: Bund

text: Road

text: Rani

text: Gunj

text: and

text: the

text: Secunderabad

text: Railway

text: Station

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: parks

text: and

text: recreational

text: centres

text: such

text: as

text: Sanjeevaiah

text: Park

text: Indira

text: Park

text: Lumbini

text: Park

text: NTR

text: Gardens

text: the

text: Buddha

text: statue

text: and

text: Tankbund

text: Park

text: are

text: located

text: here

text: In

text: the

text: northwest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: there

text: are

text: upscale

text: residential

text: and

text: commercial

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Banjara

text: Hills

text: Jubilee

text: Hills

text: Begumpet

text: Khairatabad

text: and

text: Miyapur

text: The

text: northern

text: end

text: contains

text: industrial

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Sanathnagar

text: Moosapet

text: Balanagar

text: Patancheru

text: and

text: Chanda

text: Nagar

text: The

text: northeast

text: end

text: is

text: dotted

text: with

text: residential

text: areas

text: In

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: lie

text: many

text: defence

text: research

text: centres

text: and

text: Ramoji

text: Film

text: City

text: The

text: Cyberabad

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: grown

text: rapidly

text: since

text: the

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: information

text: technology

text: and

text: bio

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: and

text: to

text: landmarks

text: such

text: as

text: Hyderabad

text: Airport

text: Osman

text: Sagar

text: Himayath

text: Sagar

text: and

text: Kasu

text: Brahmananda

text: Reddy

text: National

text: Park

question: Where in Hyderabad is the Secunderabad Railway Station?

answer: North of central Hyderabad

text: North of central Hyderabad

question: In what region of Hyderabad city is Jubilee Hills located?

answer: the northwest part

text: the northwest part

question: Where in Hyderabad would one find defence centres?

answer: the eastern part

text: the eastern part

question: What area in Hyderabad contains the Hyderabad Airport?

answer: Cyberabad

text: Cyberabad

question: Cyberabad contains a national park, what is it?

answer: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park

text: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park


text: In the year 2000, according to a study by American Association of University Professors (AAUP), affirmative action promoted diversity within colleges and universities. This has been shown to have positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students as well as the teaching of faculty members. According to a study by Geoffrey Maruyama and José F. Moreno, the results showed that faculty members believed diversity helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education, Caucasian students suffer no detrimental effects from classroom diversity, and that attention to multicultural learning improves the ability of colleges and universities to accomplish their missions. Furthermore, a diverse population of students offers unique perspectives in order to challenge preconceived notions through exposure to the experiences and ideas of others. According to Professor Gurin of the University of Michigan, skills such as "perspective-taking, acceptance of differences, a willingness and capacity to find commonalities among differences, acceptance of conflict as normal, conflict resolution, participation in democracy, and interest in the wider social world" can potentially be developed in college while being exposed to heterogeneous group of students. In addition, broadening perspectives helps students confront personal and substantive stereotypes and fosters discussion about racial and ethnic issues in a classroom setting. Furthermore, the 2000 AAUP study states that having a diversity of views leads to a better discussion and greater understanding among the students on issues of race, tolerance, fairness, etc.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: American

text: Association

text: of

text: University

text: Professors

text: AAUP

text: affirmative

text: action

text: promoted

text: diversity

text: within

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: This

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: positive

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: educational

text: outcomes

text: and

text: experiences

text: of

text: college

text: students

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: faculty

text: members

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: Geoffrey

text: Maruyama

text: and

text: José

text: F.

text: Moreno

text: the

text: results

text: showed

text: that

text: faculty

text: members

text: believed

text: diversity

text: helps

text: students

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: essential

text: goals

text: of

text: a

text: college

text: education

text: Caucasian

text: students

text: suffer

text: no

text: detrimental

text: effects

text: from

text: classroom

text: diversity

text: and

text: that

text: attention

text: to

text: multicultural

text: learning

text: improves

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: to

text: accomplish

text: their

text: missions

text: Furthermore

text: a

text: diverse

text: population

text: of

text: students

text: offers

text: unique

text: perspectives

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: challenge

text: preconceived

text: notions

text: through

text: exposure

text: to

text: the

text: experiences

text: and

text: ideas

text: of

text: others

text: According

text: to

text: Professor

text: Gurin

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: skills

text: such

text: as

text: perspective

text: taking

text: acceptance

text: of

text: differences

text: a

text: willingness

text: and

text: capacity

text: to

text: find

text: commonalities

text: among

text: differences

text: acceptance

text: of

text: conflict

text: as

text: normal

text: conflict

text: resolution

text: participation

text: in

text: democracy

text: and

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: wider

text: social

text: world

text: can

text: potentially

text: be

text: developed

text: in

text: college

text: while

text: being

text: exposed

text: to

text: heterogeneous

text: group

text: of

text: students

text: In

text: addition

text: broadening

text: perspectives

text: helps

text: students

text: confront

text: personal

text: and

text: substantive

text: stereotypes

text: and

text: fosters

text: discussion

text: about

text: racial

text: and

text: ethnic

text: issues

text: in

text: a

text: classroom

text: setting

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: AAUP

text: study

text: states

text: that

text: having

text: a

text: diversity

text: of

text: views

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: better

text: discussion

text: and

text: greater

text: understanding

text: among

text: the

text: students

text: on

text: issues

text: of

text: race

text: tolerance

text: fairness

text: etc

question: What does AAUP stand for?

answer: American Association of University Professors

text: American Association of University Professors

question: What were the effects of affirmative action on universities according to the study done by the AAUP?

answer: positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students

text: positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students

question: What did a study claim about the beliefs of faculty members on increased diversity?

answer: helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education

text: helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education

question: Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity?

answer: Caucasian students

text: Caucasian students

question: In which year did the AAUP release their study?

answer: 2000


text: The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour active transportation and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the Fused Grid.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: The

text: tram

text: system

text: that

text: now

text: criss

text: crosses

text: the

text: historic

text: city

text: centre

text: complements

text: walking

text: and

text: biking

text: in

text: it

text: The

text: centre

text: has

text: been

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: pedestrian

text: priority

text: zone

text: that

text: enables

text: and

text: invites

text: walking

text: and

text: biking

text: by

text: making

text: these

text: active

text: modes

text: of

text: transport

text: comfortable

text: safe

text: and

text: enjoyable

text: These

text: attributes

text: are

text: accomplished

text: by

text: applying

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: filtered

text: permeability

text: to

text: the

text: existing

text: irregular

text: network

text: of

text: streets

text: It

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: network

text: adaptations

text: favour

text: active

text: transportation

text: and

text: selectively

text: filter

text: out

text: the

text: car

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: streets

text: that

text: run

text: through

text: the

text: centre

text: While

text: certain

text: streets

text: are

text: discontinuous

text: for

text: cars

text: they

text: connect

text: to

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: pedestrian

text: and

text: bike

text: paths

text: which

text: permeate

text: the

text: entire

text: centre

text: In

text: addition

text: these

text: paths

text: go

text: through

text: public

text: squares

text: and

text: open

text: spaces

text: increasing

text: the

text: enjoyment

text: of

text: the

text: trip

text: This

text: logic

text: of

text: filtering

text: a

text: mode

text: of

text: transport

text: is

text: fully

text: expressed

text: in

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: model

text: for

text: laying

text: out

text: neighbourhoods

text: and

text: districts

text: the

text: Fused

text: Grid

question: What system also complements walking and biking?

answer: tram

text: tram

question: What kind of priority zone has the city centre been transformed into?

answer: pedestrian

text: pedestrian

question: What do bike paths go through to add enjoyment to the trip?

answer: public squares

text: public squares

question: What is the layout of the neighbourhoods called?

answer: Fused Grid

text: Fused Grid


text: The city of Rome had a place called the Campus Martius ("Field of Mars"), which was a sort of drill ground for Roman soldiers. Later, the Campus became Rome's track and field playground. In the campus, the youth assembled to play and exercise, which included jumping, wrestling, boxing and racing.[citation needed] Equestrian sports, throwing, and swimming were also preferred physical activities.[citation needed] In the countryside, pastimes included fishing and hunting.[citation needed] Board games played in Rome included dice (Tesserae or Tali), Roman Chess (Latrunculi), Roman Checkers (Calculi), Tic-tac-toe (Terni Lapilli), and Ludus duodecim scriptorum and Tabula, predecessors of backgammon. Other activities included chariot races, and musical and theatrical performances.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: had

text: a

text: place

text: called

text: the

text: Campus

text: Martius

text: Field

text: of

text: Mars

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: drill

text: ground

text: for

text: Roman

text: soldiers

text: Later

text: the

text: Campus

text: became

text: Rome

text: 's

text: track

text: and

text: field

text: playground

text: In

text: the

text: campus

text: the

text: youth

text: assembled

text: to

text: play

text: and

text: exercise

text: which

text: included

text: jumping

text: wrestling

text: boxing

text: and

text: racing.[citation

text: needed

text: Equestrian

text: sports

text: throwing

text: and

text: swimming

text: were

text: also

text: preferred

text: physical

text: activities.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: countryside

text: pastimes

text: included

text: fishing

text: and

text: hunting.[citation

text: needed

text: Board

text: games

text: played

text: in

text: Rome

text: included

text: dice

text: Tesserae

text: or

text: Tali

text: Roman

text: Chess

text: Latrunculi

text: Roman

text: Checkers

text: Calculi

text: Tic

text: tac

text: toe

text: Terni

text: Lapilli

text: and

text: Ludus

text: duodecim

text: scriptorum

text: and

text: Tabula

text: predecessors

text: of

text: backgammon

text: Other

text: activities

text: included

text: chariot

text: races

text: and

text: musical

text: and

text: theatrical

text: performances.[citation

text: needed

question: What was the name of the area in which youth played and exercised?

answer: Campus Martius

text: Campus Martius

question: What could you also call Rome's Campus Maritus?

answer: Field of Mars

text: Field of Mars

question: What is the Roman board game Tabula a precursor to?

answer: backgammon

text: backgammon

question: What was Roman version of Chess called?

answer: Latrunculi

text: Latrunculi


text: Helmut Hoffman states that the Ming upheld the facade of rule over Tibet through periodic missions of "tribute emissaries" to the Ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas, but did not actually interfere in Tibetan governance. Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet, as the various titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority as the earlier Mongol Yuan titles had. He asserts that "by conferring titles on Tibetans already in power, the Ming emperors merely recognized political reality." Hugh Edward Richardson writes that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families, the Phagmodru (1354–1435), Rinpungpa (1435–1565), and Tsangpa (1565–1642).

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Helmut

text: Hoffman

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: upheld

text: the

text: facade

text: of

text: rule

text: over

text: Tibet

text: through

text: periodic

text: missions

text: of

text: tribute

text: emissaries

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: and

text: by

text: granting

text: nominal

text: titles

text: to

text: ruling

text: lamas

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: actually

text: interfere

text: in

text: Tibetan

text: governance

text: Melvyn

text: C.

text: Goldstein

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: had

text: no

text: real

text: administrative

text: authority

text: over

text: Tibet

text: as

text: the

text: various

text: titles

text: given

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: did

text: not

text: confer

text: authority

text: as

text: the

text: earlier

text: Mongol

text: Yuan

text: titles

text: had

text: He

text: asserts

text: that

text: by

text: conferring

text: titles

text: on

text: Tibetans

text: already

text: in

text: power

text: the

text: Ming

text: emperors

text: merely

text: recognized

text: political

text: reality

text: Hugh

text: Edward

text: Richardson

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: exercised

text: no

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: ruling

text: families

text: the

text: Phagmodru

text: Rinpungpa

text: and

text: Tsangpa

question: Who believed that the Ming had no real authority over Tibet?

answer: Melvyn C. Goldstein

text: Melvyn C. Goldstein

question: What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?

answer: 1435–1565

question: Who believed that the titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority?

answer: Melvyn C. Goldstein

text: Melvyn C. Goldstein

question: What years did the Tsangpa start and end?

answer: 1565–1642


text: An important civic sculpture in Detroit is "The Spirit of Detroit" by Marshall Fredericks at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit and the statue itself is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well. A memorial to Joe Louis at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues was dedicated on October 16, 1986. The sculpture, commissioned by Sports Illustrated and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot (7.3 m) long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a pyramidal framework.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: An

text: important

text: civic

text: sculpture

text: in

text: Detroit

text: is

text: The

text: Spirit

text: of

text: Detroit

text: by

text: Marshall

text: Fredericks

text: at

text: the

text: Coleman

text: Young

text: Municipal

text: Center

text: The

text: image

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: Detroit

text: and

text: the

text: statue

text: itself

text: is

text: occasionally

text: dressed

text: in

text: sports

text: jerseys

text: to

text: celebrate

text: when

text: a

text: Detroit

text: team

text: is

text: doing

text: well

text: A

text: memorial

text: to

text: Joe

text: Louis

text: at

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: Jefferson

text: and

text: Woodward

text: Avenues

text: was

text: dedicated

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: sculpture

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Sports

text: Illustrated

text: and

text: executed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Graham

text: is

text: a

text: m

text: long

text: arm

text: with

text: a

text: fisted

text: hand

text: suspended

text: by

text: a

text: pyramidal

text: framework

question: Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit?

answer: Marshall Fredericks

text: Marshall Fredericks

question: When was the Joe Louis memorial dedicated?

answer: October 16, 1986

text: October 16, 1986

question: Who commissioned the Joe Luis memorial?

answer: Sports Illustrated

text: Sports Illustrated

question: Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial?

answer: Robert Graham

text: Robert Graham

question: How long is the Joe Louis memorial?

answer: 24-foot


text: The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. The Cascades consist of largely intermittent, volcanic mountains, many rising prominently from the surrounding landscape. The Sierra Nevada, further south, is a high, rugged, and dense mountain range. It contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 states, Mount Whitney (14,505 ft or 4,421 m) It is located at the boundary between California's Inyo and Tulare counties, just 84.6 mi or 136.2 km west-northwest of the lowest point in North America at the Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park at 279 ft or 85 m below sea level.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Intermontane

text: Plateaus

text: come

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: at

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Range

text: and

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: The

text: Cascades

text: consist

text: of

text: largely

text: intermittent

text: volcanic

text: mountains

text: many

text: rising

text: prominently

text: from

text: the

text: surrounding

text: landscape

text: The

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: further

text: south

text: is

text: a

text: high

text: rugged

text: and

text: dense

text: mountain

text: range

text: It

text: contains

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: states

text: Mount

text: Whitney

text: ft

text: or

text: m

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: boundary

text: between

text: California

text: 's

text: Inyo

text: and

text: Tulare

text: counties

text: just

text: mi

text: or

text: km

text: west

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: point

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: at

text: the

text: Badwater

text: Basin

text: in

text: Death

text: Valley

text: National

text: Park

text: at

text: ft

text: or

text: m

text: below

text: sea

text: level

question: What is the name of the range where the Intermontane plateaus end?

answer: Cascade Range

text: Cascade Range

question: Which mountain range contains Mount Whitney?

answer: Sierra Nevada

text: Sierra Nevada

question: What type of mountains compose the Cascades?

answer: volcanic mountains

text: volcanic mountains

question: What is the largest point in the Sierra Nevadas?

answer: Mount Whitney

text: Mount Whitney

question: How tall is Mount Whitney?

answer: 14,505 ft

text: 14,505 ft


text: The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division).

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: The

text: conversion

text: rate

text: of

text: DGLA

text: to

text: AA

text: largely

text: determines

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: prostaglandins

text: and

text: EPA

text: prevents

text: AA

text: from

text: being

text: released

text: from

text: membranes

text: thereby

text: skewing

text: prostaglandin

text: balance

text: away

text: from

text: pro

text: inflammatory

text: made

text: from

text: AA

text: toward

text: anti

text: inflammatory

text: made

text: from

text: DGLA

text: Moreover

text: the

text: conversion

text: desaturation

text: of

text: DGLA

text: to

text: AA

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: enzyme

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: hormones

text: such

text: as

text: insulin

text: up

text: regulation

text: and

text: glucagon

text: down

text: regulation

text: The

text: amount

text: and

text: type

text: of

text: carbohydrates

text: consumed

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: amino

text: acid

text: can

text: influence

text: processes

text: involving

text: insulin

text: glucagon

text: and

text: other

text: hormones

text: therefore

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: versus

text: has

text: wide

text: effects

text: on

text: general

text: health

text: and

text: specific

text: effects

text: on

text: immune

text: function

text: and

text: inflammation

text: and

text: mitosis

text: i.e.

text: cell

text: division

question: What is able to prevent AA from being released from membranes?

answer: Omega-3 EPA

text: Omega-3 EPA

question: The conversion of omega-6 DGLA to AA is able to help regulate which process?

answer: the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2

text: the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2

question: What kind of process is the conversion of DGLA to AA?

answer: desaturation

text: desaturation

question: What is an example of a hormone other than insulin that is able to control the enzyme delta-5-desaturase?

answer: glucagon

text: glucagon

question: What is the scientific name for cell division?

answer: mitosis

text: mitosis


text: Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, which live in alder tree root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Endosymbiosis

text: is

text: any

text: symbiotic

text: relationship

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: symbiont

text: lives

text: within

text: the

text: tissues

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: either

text: within

text: the

text: cells

text: or

text: extracellularly

text: Examples

text: include

text: diverse

text: microbiomes

text: rhizobia

text: nitrogen

text: fixing

text: bacteria

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: root

text: nodules

text: on

text: legume

text: roots

text: actinomycete

text: nitrogen

text: fixing

text: bacteria

text: called

text: Frankia

text: which

text: live

text: in

text: alder

text: tree

text: root

text: nodules

text: single

text: celled

text: algae

text: inside

text: reef

text: building

text: corals

text: and

text: bacterial

text: endosymbionts

text: that

text: provide

text: essential

text: nutrients

text: to

text: about

text: of

text: insects

question: What do bacterial endosymbionts give necessary nutrition to?

answer: insects

text: insects

question: What is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots?

answer: Frankia

text: Frankia

question: What endosymbionts live in coral?

answer: algae

text: algae


text: The use of such contractions is as old as Chinese characters themselves, and they have frequently been found in religious or ritual use. In the Oracle Bone script, personal names, ritual items, and even phrases such as 受又(祐) shòu yòu "receive blessings" are commonly contracted into single characters. A dramatic example is that in medieval manuscripts 菩薩 púsà "bodhisattva" (simplified: 菩萨) is sometimes written with a single character formed of a 2×2 grid of four 十 (derived from the grass radical over two 十). However, for the sake of consistency and standardization, the CPC seeks to limit the use of such polysyllabic characters in public writing to ensure that every character only has one syllable.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: such

text: contractions

text: is

text: as

text: old

text: as

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: themselves

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: frequently

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: religious

text: or

text: ritual

text: use

text: In

text: the

text: Oracle

text: Bone

text: script

text: personal

text: names

text: ritual

text: items

text: and

text: even

text: phrases

text: such

text: as

text: 受又(祐

text: shòu

text: yòu

text: receive

text: blessings

text: are

text: commonly

text: contracted

text: into

text: single

text: characters

text: A

text: dramatic

text: example

text: is

text: that

text: in

text: medieval

text: manuscripts

text: 菩薩

text: púsà

text: bodhisattva

text: simplified

text: 菩萨

text: is

text: sometimes

text: written

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: character

text: formed

text: of

text: a

text: grid

text: of

text: four

text: 十

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: grass

text: radical

text: over

text: two

text: 十

text: However

text: for

text: the

text: sake

text: of

text: consistency

text: and

text: standardization

text: the

text: CPC

text: seeks

text: to

text: limit

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: such

text: polysyllabic

text: characters

text: in

text: public

text: writing

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: every

text: character

text: only

text: has

text: one

text: syllable

question: What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use?

answer: Chinese characters

text: Chinese characters

question: What seeks to limit the use of polysyllabic characters?

answer: CPC

text: CPC

question: What is sometimes written as a single character?

answer: bodhisattva

text: bodhisattva


text: Gorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia. However, Harutyunyan quickly decided to run before the nationalist wind and on May 28, allowed Armenians to unfurl the red-blue-gold First Armenian Republic flag for the first time in almost 70 years. On June 15, 1988, the Armenian Supreme Soviet adopted a resolution formally approving the idea of Nagorno Karabakh joining Armenia. Armenia, formerly one of the most loyal Republics, had suddenly turned into the leading rebel republic. On July 5, 1988, when a contingent of troops was sent in to remove demonstrators by force from Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport, shots were fired and one student protester was killed. In September, further large demonstrations in Yerevan led to the deployment of armored vehicles. In the autumn of 1988 almost all the 200,000 Azerbaijani minority in Armenia was expelled by Armenian Nationalists, with over 100 killed in the process – this, after the Sumgait pogrom earlier that year carried out by Azerbaijanis against ethnic Armenians and subsequent expulsion of all Armenians from Azerbaijan. On November 25, 1988, a military commandant took control of Yerevan as the Soviet government moved to prevent further ethnic violence.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Gorbachev

text: again

text: refused

text: to

text: make

text: any

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: which

text: remained

text: part

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: Instead

text: he

text: sacked

text: both

text: Republics

text: Communist

text: Party

text: Leaders

text: On

text: May

text: Karen

text: Demirchian

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Suren

text: Harutyunyan

text: as

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Armenia

text: However

text: Harutyunyan

text: quickly

text: decided

text: to

text: run

text: before

text: the

text: nationalist

text: wind

text: and

text: on

text: May

text: allowed

text: Armenians

text: to

text: unfurl

text: the

text: red

text: blue

text: gold

text: First

text: Armenian

text: Republic

text: flag

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: almost

text: years

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: adopted

text: a

text: resolution

text: formally

text: approving

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: joining

text: Armenia

text: Armenia

text: formerly

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: loyal

text: Republics

text: had

text: suddenly

text: turned

text: into

text: the

text: leading

text: rebel

text: republic

text: On

text: July

text: when

text: a

text: contingent

text: of

text: troops

text: was

text: sent

text: in

text: to

text: remove

text: demonstrators

text: by

text: force

text: from

text: Yerevan

text: 's

text: Zvartnots

text: International

text: Airport

text: shots

text: were

text: fired

text: and

text: one

text: student

text: protester

text: was

text: killed

text: In

text: September

text: further

text: large

text: demonstrations

text: in

text: Yerevan

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: deployment

text: of

text: armored

text: vehicles

text: In

text: the

text: autumn

text: of

text: almost

text: all

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: minority

text: in

text: Armenia

text: was

text: expelled

text: by

text: Armenian

text: Nationalists

text: with

text: over

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: this

text: after

text: the

text: Sumgait

text: pogrom

text: earlier

text: that

text: year

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: Azerbaijanis

text: against

text: ethnic

text: Armenians

text: and

text: subsequent

text: expulsion

text: of

text: all

text: Armenians

text: from

text: Azerbaijan

text: On

text: November

text: a

text: military

text: commandant

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: Yerevan

text: as

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

text: moved

text: to

text: prevent

text: further

text: ethnic

text: violence

question: Who banned the Azerbaijani people from Armenia?

answer: Nationalists

text: Nationalists

question: How many protesters died in the airport violence?

answer: one

text: one

question: Who had been previously removed from Azerbaijan?

answer: Armenians

text: Armenians

question: Who took charge of Yerevan in November of 1988?

answer: a military commandant

text: a military commandant


text: The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their arms officially altered upon ennoblement). Sometimes unrelated families would be falsely attributed to the clan on the basis of similarity of arms. Also often noble families claimed inaccurate clan membership. Logically, the number of coats of arms in this system was rather low and did not exceed 200 in late Middle Ages (40,000 in the late 18th century).

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: contrary

text: to

text: other

text: European

text: heraldic

text: systems

text: the

text: Jews

text: Muslim

text: Tatars

text: or

text: another

text: minorities

text: would

text: be

text: given

text: the

text: noble

text: title

text: Also

text: most

text: families

text: sharing

text: origin

text: would

text: also

text: share

text: a

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: They

text: would

text: also

text: share

text: arms

text: with

text: families

text: adopted

text: into

text: the

text: clan

text: these

text: would

text: often

text: have

text: their

text: arms

text: officially

text: altered

text: upon

text: ennoblement

text: Sometimes

text: unrelated

text: families

text: would

text: be

text: falsely

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: clan

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: similarity

text: of

text: arms

text: Also

text: often

text: noble

text: families

text: claimed

text: inaccurate

text: clan

text: membership

text: Logically

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: coats

text: of

text: arms

text: in

text: this

text: system

text: was

text: rather

text: low

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: exceed

text: in

text: late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

question: What is the most notable difference between countries?

answer: minorities would be given the noble title

text: minorities would be given the noble title

question: Coat of arms would be shared with who else?

answer: most families sharing origin

text: most families sharing origin

question: How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan?

answer: on the basis of similarity of arms

text: on the basis of similarity of arms

question: Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?

answer: low and did not exceed 200

text: low and did not exceed 200


text: Most historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it "Santa Helena" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south, and that Saint Helena was discovered by some of the ships attached to the squadron of Estêvão da Gama expedition on 30 July 1503 (as reported in the account of clerk Thomé Lopes). However, a paper published in 2015 reviewed the discovery date and dismissed the 18 August as too late for da Nova to make a discovery and then return to Lisbon by 11 September 1502, whether he sailed from St Helena or Tristan da Cunha. It demonstrates the 21 May is probably a Protestant rather than Catholic or Orthodox feast-day, first quoted in 1596 by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, who was probably mistaken because the island was discovered several decades before the Reformation and start of Protestantism. The alternative discovery date of 3 May, the Catholic feast-day for the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena in Jerusalem, quoted by Odoardo Duarte Lopes and Sir Thomas Herbert is suggested as being historically more credible.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Most

text: historical

text: accounts

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: discovered

text: on

text: May

text: by

text: the

text: Galician

text: navigator

text: João

text: da

text: Nova

text: sailing

text: at

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: named

text: it

text: Santa

text: Helena

text: after

text: Helena

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: Another

text: theory

text: holds

text: that

text: the

text: island

text: found

text: by

text: da

text: Nova

text: was

text: actually

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: that

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: was

text: discovered

text: by

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: ships

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: squadron

text: of

text: Estêvão

text: da

text: Gama

text: expedition

text: on

text: July

text: as

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: account

text: of

text: clerk

text: Thomé

text: Lopes

text: However

text: a

text: paper

text: published

text: in

text: reviewed

text: the

text: discovery

text: date

text: and

text: dismissed

text: the

text: August

text: as

text: too

text: late

text: for

text: da

text: Nova

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: discovery

text: and

text: then

text: return

text: to

text: Lisbon

text: by

text: September

text: whether

text: he

text: sailed

text: from

text: St

text: Helena

text: or

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: It

text: demonstrates

text: the

text: May

text: is

text: probably

text: a

text: Protestant

text: rather

text: than

text: Catholic

text: or

text: Orthodox

text: feast

text: day

text: first

text: quoted

text: in

text: by

text: Jan

text: Huyghen

text: van

text: Linschoten

text: who

text: was

text: probably

text: mistaken

text: because

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: discovered

text: several

text: decades

text: before

text: the

text: Reformation

text: and

text: start

text: of

text: Protestantism

text: The

text: alternative

text: discovery

text: date

text: of

text: May

text: the

text: Catholic

text: feast

text: day

text: for

text: the

text: finding

text: of

text: the

text: True

text: Cross

text: by

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: quoted

text: by

text: Odoardo

text: Duarte

text: Lopes

text: and

text: Sir

text: Thomas

text: Herbert

text: is

text: suggested

text: as

text: being

text: historically

text: more

text: credible

question: What date was the island discovered on?

answer: 21 May 1502

text: 21 May 1502

question: What navigator discovered the island?

answer: João da Nova

text: João da Nova

question: What country was João da Nova doing service for?

answer: Portugal

text: Portugal

question: What person is Saint Helena Island named after?

answer: Helena of Constantinople

text: Helena of Constantinople


text: During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111–25), who died without heirs, until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155–90) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220–1250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Germany

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Ottonian

text: dynasty

text: which

text: struggled

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: powerful

text: dukes

text: ruling

text: over

text: territorial

text: duchies

text: tracing

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Migration

text: period

text: In

text: they

text: were

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Salian

text: dynasty

text: who

text: famously

text: clashed

text: with

text: the

text: papacy

text: under

text: Emperor

text: Henry

text: IV

text: r.

text: over

text: church

text: appointments

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Investiture

text: Controversy

text: His

text: successors

text: continued

text: to

text: struggle

text: against

text: the

text: papacy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: German

text: nobility

text: A

text: period

text: of

text: instability

text: followed

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Henry

text: V

text: r.

text: who

text: died

text: without

text: heirs

text: until

text: Frederick

text: I

text: Barbarossa

text: r.

text: took

text: the

text: imperial

text: throne

text: Although

text: he

text: ruled

text: effectively

text: the

text: basic

text: problems

text: remained

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: continued

text: to

text: struggle

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: Barbarossa

text: 's

text: grandson

text: Frederick

text: II

text: r.

text: who

text: was

text: also

text: heir

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Sicily

text: through

text: his

text: mother

text: clashed

text: repeatedly

text: with

text: the

text: papacy

text: His

text: court

text: was

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: scholars

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: often

text: accused

text: of

text: heresy

text: He

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: faced

text: many

text: difficulties

text: including

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: the

text: Mongols

text: into

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Mongols

text: first

text: shattered

text: the

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: principalities

text: and

text: then

text: invaded

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: in

text: and

question: What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?

answer: Ottonian

text: Ottonian

question: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?

answer: Salian

text: Salian

question: When did Henry IV's reign begin?

answer: 1084

question: The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict?

answer: Investiture Controversy

text: Investiture Controversy

question: What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson?

answer: Frederick II

text: Frederick II


text: It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: from

text: to

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: remained

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: Empire

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: third

text: emperor

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: relocated

text: the

text: capital

text: to

text: Beijing

question: When was Nanjing considered to be the biggest city in the world?

answer: from 1358 to 1425

text: from 1358 to 1425

question: What was the number of people in Nanjing in 1400?

answer: 487,000

question: When did Nanjing cease to be the capital?

answer: 1421

question: Where was the capital moved to?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: Who was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty?

answer: the Yongle Emperor

text: the Yongle Emperor


text: After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, and recognized by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor. It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs, which also included parts of Georgia and Caucasian Albania, and had its center in the Armenian city, Dvin. The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884, when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: After

text: the

text: Marzpanate

text: period

text: Armenia

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Armenia

text: an

text: autonomous

text: principality

text: within

text: the

text: Arabic

text: Empire

text: reuniting

text: Armenian

text: lands

text: previously

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: principality

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Armenia

text: and

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: Caliph

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Emperor

text: It

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: division

text: emirate

text: Arminiya

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Arabs

text: which

text: also

text: included

text: parts

text: of

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Caucasian

text: Albania

text: and

text: had

text: its

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: Armenian

text: city

text: Dvin

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: Armenia

text: lasted

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: regained

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: weakened

text: Arab

text: Empire

text: under

text: King

text: Ashot

text: I

text: Bagratuni

question: When was the Marzpanate era?

answer: 428–636

question: When did the Principality of Armenia end?

answer: 884

question: Under which ruler did the Principality of Armenia gain its independence?

answer: King Ashot I Bagratuni

text: King Ashot I Bagratuni

question: Where was the Principality of Armenia centered?

answer: Dvin

text: Dvin

question: Who ruled the Emirate of Armenia?

answer: Prince of Armenia

text: Prince of Armenia


text: Dams remain the principal source of water both for domestic and agricultural use; Cyprus has a total of 107 dams (plus one currently under construction) and reservoirs, with a total water storage capacity of about 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft). Water desalination plants are gradually being constructed to deal with recent years of prolonged drought. The Government has invested heavily in the creation of water desalination plants which have supplied almost 50 per cent of domestic water since 2001. Efforts have also been made to raise public awareness of the situation and to encourage domestic water users to take more responsibility for the conservation of this increasingly scarce commodity.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Dams

text: remain

text: the

text: principal

text: source

text: of

text: water

text: both

text: for

text: domestic

text: and

text: agricultural

text: use

text: Cyprus

text: has

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: dams

text: plus

text: one

text: currently

text: under

text: construction

text: and

text: reservoirs

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: water

text: storage

text: capacity

text: of

text: about

text: cu

text: ft

text: Water

text: desalination

text: plants

text: are

text: gradually

text: being

text: constructed

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: recent

text: years

text: of

text: prolonged

text: drought

text: The

text: Government

text: has

text: invested

text: heavily

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: water

text: desalination

text: plants

text: which

text: have

text: supplied

text: almost

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: domestic

text: water

text: since

text: Efforts

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: made

text: to

text: raise

text: public

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: and

text: to

text: encourage

text: domestic

text: water

text: users

text: to

text: take

text: more

text: responsibility

text: for

text: the

text: conservation

text: of

text: this

text: increasingly

text: scarce

text: commodity

question: What do the people of Cyprus rely on for domestic and agricultural supply of water?

answer: Dams

text: Dams

question: What is the total number of completed dams located on Cyprus?

answer: 107

question: What is the capacity of water that the dams on Cyprus can hold?

answer: 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft).

text: 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft).

question: What percentage of domestic water do desalination plants provide on Cyprus?

answer: almost 50 per cent

text: almost 50 per cent

question: What has the government invested in to help supply water for Cyprus?

answer: desalination plants

text: desalination plants


text: Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality. The tower was saved, however, when in May of the same year citizens of Strasbourg crowned it with a giant tin Phrygian cap. This artifact was later kept in the historical collections of the city until it was destroyed by the Germans in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Strasbourg

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: free

text: city

text: was

text: revoked

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Enragés

text: most

text: notoriously

text: Eulogius

text: Schneider

text: ruled

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: an

text: increasingly

text: iron

text: hand

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: many

text: churches

text: and

text: monasteries

text: were

text: either

text: destroyed

text: or

text: severely

text: damaged

text: The

text: cathedral

text: lost

text: hundreds

text: of

text: its

text: statues

text: later

text: replaced

text: by

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: in

text: April

text: there

text: was

text: talk

text: of

text: tearing

text: its

text: spire

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: against

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: equality

text: The

text: tower

text: was

text: saved

text: however

text: when

text: in

text: May

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: citizens

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: crowned

text: it

text: with

text: a

text: giant

text: tin

text: Phrygian

text: cap

text: This

text: artifact

text: was

text: later

text: kept

text: in

text: the

text: historical

text: collections

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: destroyed

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: war

question: What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city?

answer: French Revolution

text: French Revolution

question: Who ruled the city with an iron hand?

answer: Eulogius Schneider

text: Eulogius Schneider

question: What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794?

answer: statues

text: statues

question: What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of?

answer: tin

text: tin

question: Who destroyed the Phrygian cap in 1870?

answer: Germans

text: Germans


text: In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Somers

text: Isles

text: Company

text: suppressed

text: shipbuilding

text: as

text: it

text: needed

text: Bermudians

text: to

text: farm

text: to

text: generate

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: land

text: Agricultural

text: production

text: met

text: with

text: limited

text: success

text: however

text: The

text: Bermuda

text: cedar

text: boxes

text: used

text: to

text: ship

text: tobacco

text: to

text: England

text: were

text: reportedly

text: worth

text: more

text: than

text: their

text: contents.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: colony

text: of

text: Virginia

text: far

text: surpassed

text: Bermuda

text: in

text: both

text: quality

text: and

text: quantity

text: of

text: tobacco

text: produced

text: Bermudians

text: began

text: to

text: turn

text: to

text: maritime

text: trades

text: relatively

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: the

text: Somers

text: Isles

text: Company

text: used

text: all

text: its

text: authority

text: to

text: suppress

text: turning

text: away

text: from

text: agriculture

text: This

text: interference

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: islanders

text: demanding

text: and

text: receiving

text: the

text: revocation

text: of

text: the

text: Company

text: 's

text: charter

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Company

text: was

text: dissolved

question: Why did the Somers Isles Company decide to surpress shipbuilding?

answer: needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land

text: needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land

question: Why wasn't agriculture successful?

answer: colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced

text: colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced

question: What did Bermudians do when agriculture failed?

answer: turn to maritime trades

text: turn to maritime trades

question: Why was the Somers Isles Company's charter revoked?

answer: islanders demanding

text: islanders demanding


text: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: According

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: her

text: biographers

text: Giles

text: St

text: Aubyn

text: Victoria

text: wrote

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: words

text: a

text: day

text: during

text: her

text: adult

text: life

text: From

text: July

text: until

text: just

text: before

text: her

text: death

text: she

text: kept

text: a

text: detailed

text: journal

text: which

text: eventually

text: encompassed

text: volumes

text: After

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: death

text: her

text: youngest

text: daughter

text: Princess

text: Beatrice

text: was

text: appointed

text: her

text: literary

text: executor

text: Beatrice

text: transcribed

text: and

text: edited

text: the

text: diaries

text: covering

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: accession

text: onwards

text: and

text: burned

text: the

text: originals

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: Despite

text: this

text: destruction

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: diaries

text: still

text: exist

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Beatrice

text: 's

text: edited

text: copy

text: Lord

text: Esher

text: transcribed

text: the

text: volumes

text: from

text: to

text: before

text: Beatrice

text: destroyed

text: them

text: Part

text: of

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: extensive

text: correspondence

text: has

text: been

text: published

text: in

text: volumes

text: edited

text: by

text: A.

text: C.

text: Benson

text: Hector

text: Bolitho

text: George

text: Earle

text: Buckle

text: Lord

text: Esher

text: Roger

text: Fulford

text: and

text: Richard

text: Hough

text: among

text: others

question: How many words a day did Victoria write?

answer: average of 2,500

text: average of 2,500

question: What year did Victoria begin keeping a journal?

answer: 1832

question: How many volumes was Queen Victorias journal?

answer: 122

question: Who was Victorias youngest daughter?

answer: Princess Beatrice

text: Princess Beatrice

question: What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death?

answer: transcribed and edited

text: transcribed and edited

question: How many journals did Queen Victoria write in her lifetime?

answer: 122

question: What did Beatrice do with the journals after she transcribed and edited them?

answer: burned the originals

text: burned the originals

question: Who was appointed as Queen Victoria's literary executor upon her death?

answer: Princess Beatrice

text: Princess Beatrice

question: Who transcribed Queen Victoria's journals from 1832 to 1861?

answer: Lord Esher

text: Lord Esher

question: What biographer said Queen Victoria wrote an average of 2500 words a day in her journals?

answer: Giles St Aubyn

text: Giles St Aubyn

question: How avid of a writer was the Queen?

answer: Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day

text: Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day

question: How many volumes did her journal span?

answer: 122 volumes

text: 122 volumes

question: What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals?

answer: transcribed and edited

text: transcribed and edited

question: Who was Victoria's literary executer?

answer: her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice

text: her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice

question: What did Beatrice do with the origional volumes of her mother's diaries?

answer: burned

text: burned


text: In English, the country is popularly known as either "Burma" or "Myanmar" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: English

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: either

text: Burma

text: or

text: Myanmar

text: i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/.

text: Both

text: these

text: names

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: Burmese

text: Bamar

text: ethnic

text: group

text: Myanmar

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: literary

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: while

text: Burma

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Bamar

text: the

text: colloquial

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: name

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: register

text: used

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: would

text: be

text: Bama

text: pronounced

text: bəmà

text: or

text: Myamah

text: pronounced

text: mjəmà

text: The

text: name

text: Burma

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: English

text: since

text: the

text: century

question: Where did the name Burma originate from ?

answer: names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group

text: names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group

question: What is the considered to be the name in slang terms for the people of Myanmar?

answer: Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name

text: Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name

question: How is the slang term for the people of Burma articulated correctly ?

answer: Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà])

text: Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà])

question: When did the term for the people of Burma become a common place word in English?

answer: The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.

text: The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.


text: The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children needed to provide their labour for their survival and that of their group. Pre-industrial societies were characterised by low productivity and short life expectancy, preventing children from participating in productive work would be more harmful to their welfare and that of their group in the long run. In pre-industrial societies, there was little need for children to attend school. This is especially the case in non literate societies. Most pre-industrial skill and knowledge were amenable to being passed down through direct mentoring or apprenticing by competent adults.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: The

text: work

text: of

text: children

text: was

text: important

text: in

text: pre

text: industrial

text: societies

text: as

text: children

text: needed

text: to

text: provide

text: their

text: labour

text: for

text: their

text: survival

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: their

text: group

text: Pre

text: industrial

text: societies

text: were

text: characterised

text: by

text: low

text: productivity

text: and

text: short

text: life

text: expectancy

text: preventing

text: children

text: from

text: participating

text: in

text: productive

text: work

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: harmful

text: to

text: their

text: welfare

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: their

text: group

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: In

text: pre

text: industrial

text: societies

text: there

text: was

text: little

text: need

text: for

text: children

text: to

text: attend

text: school

text: This

text: is

text: especially

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: non

text: literate

text: societies

text: Most

text: pre

text: industrial

text: skill

text: and

text: knowledge

text: were

text: amenable

text: to

text: being

text: passed

text: down

text: through

text: direct

text: mentoring

text: or

text: apprenticing

text: by

text: competent

text: adults

question: Was there a period when child labour was essential?

answer: pre-industrial societies

text: pre-industrial societies

question: Was there a great need for childhood education in a pre-industrial society?

answer: little need for children to attend school

text: little need for children to attend school

question: Who taught the skills needed for the children to work?

answer: competent adults

text: competent adults

question: Were peopel in pre-industrial societies considered to have long or short lifespans?

answer: short life expectancy

text: short life expectancy


text: West's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy, and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry. During the ceremony, West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated for the same award, was "one of the best videos of all time". He was subsequently withdrawn from the remainder of the show for his actions. West's tour with Lady Gaga was cancelled in response to the controversy, and it was suggested that the incident was partially responsible for 808s & Heartbreak's lack of nominations at the 52nd Grammy Awards.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: 's

text: controversial

text: incident

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: at

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: was

text: arguably

text: his

text: biggest

text: controversy

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: widespread

text: outrage

text: throughout

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: During

text: the

text: ceremony

text: West

text: crashed

text: the

text: stage

text: and

text: grabbed

text: the

text: microphone

text: from

text: winner

text: Taylor

text: Swift

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: proclaim

text: that

text: instead

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: video

text: for

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: Put

text: a

text: Ring

text: on

text: It

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: award

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: videos

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: He

text: was

text: subsequently

text: withdrawn

text: from

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: for

text: his

text: actions

text: West

text: 's

text: tour

text: with

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: was

text: cancelled

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: controversy

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: incident

text: was

text: partially

text: responsible

text: for

text: Heartbreak

text: 's

text: lack

text: of

text: nominations

text: at

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Awards

question: Where did Kanye's famous mic-grab incident occur at?

answer: 2009 MTV Video Music Awards

text: 2009 MTV Video Music Awards

question: From who did Kanye grab the mic from to make his statement?

answer: Taylor Swift

text: Taylor Swift

question: Kanye's tour with what artist was cancelled following his outburst at the VMA's?

answer: Lady Gaga

text: Lady Gaga

question: In what year did Kanye's biggest controversy so far take place?

answer: 2009

question: What artist did Kanye West interrupt Taylor Swift to defend?

answer: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

question: Which artist was Kanye supposed to tour with, but couldn't due to the Taylor Swift controversy?

answer: Lady Gaga

text: Lady Gaga

question: What awards ceremony did Kanye not receive any nominations for after the MTV controversy?

answer: 52nd Grammy Awards

text: 52nd Grammy Awards


text: The headquarters of the MoD are in Whitehall and are now known as Main Building. This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade. The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental statues, Earth and Water, by Charles Wheeler. Opposite stands the Gurkha Monument, sculpted by Philip Jackson and unveiled in 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II. Within it is the Victoria Cross and George Cross Memorial, and nearby are memorials to the Fleet Air Arm and RAF (to its east, facing the riverside). A major refurbishment of the building was completed under a PFI contract by Skanska in 2004.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: MoD

text: are

text: in

text: Whitehall

text: and

text: are

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Main

text: Building

text: This

text: structure

text: is

text: neoclassical

text: in

text: style

text: and

text: was

text: originally

text: built

text: between

text: and

text: to

text: designs

text: by

text: Vincent

text: Harris

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: Air

text: Ministry

text: and

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Trade

text: The

text: northern

text: entrance

text: in

text: Horse

text: Guards

text: Avenue

text: is

text: flanked

text: by

text: two

text: monumental

text: statues

text: Earth

text: and

text: Water

text: by

text: Charles

text: Wheeler

text: Opposite

text: stands

text: the

text: Gurkha

text: Monument

text: sculpted

text: by

text: Philip

text: Jackson

text: and

text: unveiled

text: in

text: by

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: Within

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: Victoria

text: Cross

text: and

text: George

text: Cross

text: Memorial

text: and

text: nearby

text: are

text: memorials

text: to

text: the

text: Fleet

text: Air

text: Arm

text: and

text: RAF

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: facing

text: the

text: riverside

text: A

text: major

text: refurbishment

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: was

text: completed

text: under

text: a

text: PFI

text: contract

text: by

text: Skanska

text: in

question: In what city are the headquarters of the MoD?

answer: Whitehall

text: Whitehall

question: Who designed the headquarters of the MoD?

answer: Vincent Harris

text: Vincent Harris

question: Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters?

answer: Charles Wheeler

text: Charles Wheeler

question: What is the headquarters of the MoD called?

answer: Main Building

text: Main Building

question: Who made the Gurkha Monument?

answer: Philip Jackson

text: Philip Jackson


text: Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world,[citation needed] Takshashila University. One of the teachers was the great Vedic thinker and politician Chanakya. Taxila was a great centre of learning and intellectual discussion during the Maurya Empire. It is a UN World Heritage site, valued for its archaeological and religious history.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: the

text: Punjab

text: region

text: came

text: under

text: constant

text: attacks

text: and

text: influence

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: witnessed

text: centuries

text: of

text: foreign

text: invasions

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: Kushans

text: Scythians

text: Turks

text: and

text: Afghans

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Taxila

text: founded

text: by

text: son

text: of

text: Taksh

text: the

text: son

text: Bharat

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: brother

text: of

text: Ram

text: It

text: was

text: reputed

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: oldest

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: world,[citation

text: needed

text: Takshashila

text: University

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: teachers

text: was

text: the

text: great

text: Vedic

text: thinker

text: and

text: politician

text: Chanakya

text: Taxila

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: centre

text: of

text: learning

text: and

text: intellectual

text: discussion

text: during

text: the

text: Maurya

text: Empire

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: UN

text: World

text: Heritage

text: site

text: valued

text: for

text: its

text: archaeological

text: and

text: religious

text: history

question: Who has invaded Punjab?

answer: Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans

text: Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans

question: Who founded Taxila?

answer: son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram

text: son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram

question: What is said to be the world's oldest university?

answer: Takshashila University

text: Takshashila University

question: Who was Chanakya?

answer: great Vedic thinker and politician

text: great Vedic thinker and politician

question: What empire was Taxila a center of learning of?

answer: the Maurya Empire

text: the Maurya Empire


text: The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: abbot

text: and

text: monks

text: in

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: became

text: a

text: powerful

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: The

text: abbot

text: often

text: was

text: employed

text: on

text: royal

text: service

text: and

text: in

text: due

text: course

text: took

text: his

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: as

text: of

text: right

text: Released

text: from

text: the

text: burdens

text: of

text: spiritual

text: leadership

text: which

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: reformed

text: Cluniac

text: movement

text: after

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: occupied

text: with

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: great

text: landed

text: properties

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: lay

text: far

text: from

text: Westminster

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: achieved

text: a

text: remarkable

text: degree

text: of

text: identification

text: with

text: the

text: secular

text: life

text: of

text: their

text: times

text: and

text: particularly

text: with

text: upper

text: class

text: life

text: Barbara

text: Harvey

text: concludes

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: her

text: depiction

text: of

text: daily

text: life

text: provides

text: a

text: wider

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: concerns

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: gentry

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages.[citation

text: needed

question: Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?

answer: The abbot and monks

text: The abbot and monks

question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?

answer: government

text: government

question: Who was employed on royal service?

answer: The abbot

text: The abbot

question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?

answer: secular

text: secular

question: To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?

answer: Cluniac

text: Cluniac


text: Cinema first appeared in Greece in 1896 but the first actual cine-theatre was opened in 1907. In 1914 the Asty Films Company was founded and the production of long films began. Golfo (Γκόλφω), a well known traditional love story, is considered the first Greek feature film, although there were several minor productions such as newscasts before this. In 1931 Orestis Laskos directed Daphnis and Chloe (Δάφνις και Χλόη), containing the first nude scene in the history of European cinema; it was also the first Greek movie which was played abroad. In 1944 Katina Paxinou was honoured with the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for For Whom the Bell Tolls.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Cinema

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: Greece

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: first

text: actual

text: cine

text: theatre

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Asty

text: Films

text: Company

text: was

text: founded

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: long

text: films

text: began

text: Golfo

text: Γκόλφω

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: traditional

text: love

text: story

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: feature

text: film

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: several

text: minor

text: productions

text: such

text: as

text: newscasts

text: before

text: this

text: In

text: Orestis

text: Laskos

text: directed

text: Daphnis

text: and

text: Chloe

text: Δάφνις

text: και

text: Χλόη

text: containing

text: the

text: first

text: nude

text: scene

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: European

text: cinema

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: movie

text: which

text: was

text: played

text: abroad

text: In

text: Katina

text: Paxinou

text: was

text: honoured

text: with

text: the

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actress

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: For

text: Whom

text: the

text: Bell

text: Tolls

question: What year did cinema first appear in Greece?

answer: 1896

question: In what year did the first cinema theater open in Greece?

answer: 1907

question: In 1914 what was the name of the film company that was founded?

answer: Asty Films

text: Asty Films

question: What was the first Greek feature film?

answer: Golfo

text: Golfo

question: Who directed the first nude scene in Greek film history?

answer: Orestis Laskos

text: Orestis Laskos